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[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy \| Description\nad hominem \| a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature \| an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy \| an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning \| an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association \| an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring \| the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy \| Description\nfalse causation \| the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy \| an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization \| a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man \| a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI'm not surprised, frankly, that someone who gets lost in his own neighborhood would argue that New York has better pizza than Chicago.\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that people who like New York pizza are likely to have a poor sense of direction. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to which type of pizza is better. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Quincy acquired this trait?\n\n0. Quincy's brother has scars on both of his knees.\n1. Quincy's scar is on his left knee. His mother also has a scar on her left knee.\n2. Quincy's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his leg when he fell off his skateboard." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nSue has five fingers on each hand.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five fingers on each hand. So, having five fingers is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Jon inherited this trait?\n\n0. Jon's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Jon.\n1. Jon's mother cuts his hair every month." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Regan inherited this trait?\n\n0. Regan's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Regan.\n1. Regan's hair is the same color as her brown eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Everyone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but Luke found the smell rather nauseous.\n1. Everyone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but it made Luke feel rather nauseous." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nEveryone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but Luke found the smell rather nauseous.\nThe first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nEveryone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but it made Luke feel rather nauseous.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Mrs. Wagner plants flower seeds, and they blossom in the spring.\n1. Fresh English peas are delicious with butter and salt." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nMrs. Wagner plants flower seeds, and they blossom in the spring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a play?\n\n0. all in the Stars\n1. All in the Stars" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words in and the are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is All in the Stars.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Emma placed the walnuts in a wooden bowl after she separated them from the shells.\n1. After Emma separated the walnuts from the shells, she placed them in a wooden bowl." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the walnuts or the shells.\nAfter Emma separated the walnuts from the shells, she placed them in a wooden bowl.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nEmma placed the walnuts in a wooden bowl after she separated them from the shells.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n—From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n—From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n—From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n—From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n—Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n—From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n—From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n—From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that has a regular rhythm, or a pattern of sound like a beat.\n\n0. To the dust cave—\nhe loves dust, he hoards it,\ngathers it in mountains,\nblows it into clouds,\nblue clouds, green clouds, yellow clouds, gold—\n1. How does the little crocodile\nImprove his shining tail,\nAnd pour the waters of the Nile\nOn every golden scale!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem has a regular rhythm, or a pattern of sound like a beat. The parts in bold show the strong syllables. The pattern is a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable. It sounds like da-DUM da-DUM.\nOn every golden scale!\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the metaphor in this text suggest?\nWhen Malik lost his job, he was devastated. The only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career.\n\n0. There was a benefit to Malik's job loss.\n1. Malik felt in the dark about what to do after losing his job." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Malik's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Malik's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n \| Resources \| Number of producers or suppliers \| Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up \| when resources cost less or are easier to get \| when there are more producers or suppliers \| when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down \| when resources cost more or are harder to get \| when there are fewer producers or suppliers \| when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nA recent news story said a healthy diet is the key to living longer. It said people should eat less meat and more vegetables. What will probably happen to the overall supply of vegetables over the next year?\n\n0. The supply will probably go down.\n1. The supply will probably go up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most people want to live longer, healthier lives. The news story said that it is healthier to eat less meat and more vegetables. So, there is an expected change in demand for vegetables. Producers will want to sell as many vegetables as they can. So, the supply of vegetables will probably go up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmelting glass\ndry ice sublimating and becoming a gas\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMelting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Kenneth investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a small cloth towel or a large cloth towel dry faster when hung in the backyard?\n1. When hung in the laundry room, do black cloth towels or white cloth towels dry more quickly?\n2. Do cloth towels dry faster if they are hung in the laundry room or in the backyard?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent \| Past \| Future\nwalk, walks \| walked \| will walk\ngo, goes \| went \| will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nSam and Annie will swim in the warm pool.\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, swim. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nWould you like bacon with your eggs?\n\n0. imperative\n1. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a watermelon at a temperature of 10°C\n1. a watermelon at a temperature of 17°C\n2. a watermelon at a temperature of 29°C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three watermelons have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 10°C watermelon is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nan old sandwich rotting in a trashcan\na piece of apple turning brown\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word unite on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\numbrella - usual\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince unite is between the guide words umbrella - usual, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Amanda investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a catapult with a longer arm launch a rubber ball farther than a catapult with a shorter arm?\n1. Does a heavier ball travel farther than a lighter ball when launched from a catapult?\n2. Does a rubber ball travel farther when launched from a metal catapult or from a wooden catapult?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Neil investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?\n1. Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?\n2. Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWith the gutters clogged and water rising in the streets, Cara, who was watching the storm from her window, commented, \"We're going to need an ark to get out of here.\"\n\n0. Cara wants to protect her possessions.\n1. Cara thinks the storm will cause major flooding." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Cara thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Hansen decides to plant the oak tree. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. The oak tree will use up more space than the irises would have used up.\n1. Hansen will get to look at the oak tree. He thinks it will look more beautiful than the irises would have looked." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Hansen wants or needs:\nThe oak tree will use up more space than the irises would have used up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nPlease cut up the watermelon.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. imperative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence makes a request, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Dr. nelson,\n1. Dear Dr. Nelson," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Dr. Nelson is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your friend,\nZane\n1. Your Friend,\nZane" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a carton of orange juice?\n\n0. 60 gallons\n1. 60 cups\n2. 60 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a carton of orange juice is 60 fluid ounces.\n60 cups and 60 gallons are both too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmixing chocolate syrup into milk\nwater vapor condensing on a bathroom mirror\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing chocolate syrup into milk is a physical change. The chocolate syrup and milk make a mixture. Making a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nWater vapor condensing on a bathroom mirror is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes state from gas in the air to liquid water on the mirror. But the water vapor and the liquid water are both made of water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nWater vapor condensing is caused by cooling. But mixing chocolate syrup into milk is not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nReality leaves a lot to the imagination.\n—attributed to John Lennon\n\n0. euphemism\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nReality leaves a lot to the imagination at first appears to be contradictory, as reality and imagination are opposites. However, it contains some truth: what we see as real often employs our ability to imagine things.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI got hit in the head by a can of soda. Luckily it was a soft drink.\n\n0. pun\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nSoft drink refers to a carbonated beverage such as a soda. It also suggests that the can is soft and thus doesn't cause too much pain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The rumor will fade away in time, and you won't even remember it.\n1. In June, Colette and Brendan will graduate with honors from Hillsboro High School." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nThe rumor will fade away in time, and you won't even remember it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nWater boiling on a stove is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Water boiling on the stove is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. Conglomerate is not made by living things. It is not a pure substance.\n1. A computer processor is made in a factory. It is a solid.\n2. Marble is not made by living things. It is not a pure substance." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nA computer processor is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature.\nSo, a computer processor is not a rock.\nMarble is a rock.\nConglomerate is a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich letter opening is more formal?\n\n0. Dear Mr. Dorsey,\n1. Dear Ed," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word fifty on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nfelt - foster\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince fifty is between the guide words felt - foster, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Mr. Chan sent the email yesterday, but no one received it.\n1. You can make a quill pen with a goose feather." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nMr. Chan sent the email yesterday, but no one received it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word ironic in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Last winter, Ted took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\n1. Last winter, Ted took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Ted tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Ted took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe second text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Ted's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Ted took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMuch to our shock, Percy chose to turn the other cheek when Shelby insulted him in a meeting.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. a song" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion turn the other cheek is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Jesus counsels his followers to resist retaliation. He says that if they are struck on the right cheek, they shouldn't lash out; instead, they should turn the other cheek toward their attacker.\nThe allusion turn the other cheek means to respond without aggression.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nBruce's '64 Impala groaned as he turned the ignition. Yet again he resolved to refurbish it over the summer.\n\n0. personification\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nBruce's '64 Impala groaned describes the car as if it were human.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nGraphite is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether graphite is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for graphite is C. This formula contains one symbol: C for carbon. So, the formula tells you that graphite is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, graphite is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word ironic in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Last winter, Pablo took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\n1. Last winter, Pablo took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Pablo tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Pablo took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe first text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Pablo's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Pablo took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three ducks. Which duck was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a duck that moved 375kilometers north in 5hours\n1. a duck that moved 495kilometers west in 5hours\n2. a duck that moved 315kilometers north in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each duck moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each duck moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each duck moved for 5 hours. The duck that moved 495 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that duck must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Emilia investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with garlic spray than from unsprayed bean plants?\n1. Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with coffee spray than from unsprayed bean plants?\n2. Do the deer eat more leaves from tomato plants or from squash plants?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a rubber band a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a rubber band is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a rubber band something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a rubber band a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a rubber band is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. He showed the officers a hotel receipt and an airplane ticket as proof of his time in Buenos Aires.\n1. Lucy accidentally spilled her glass of juice, but luckily it didn't get on the white sofa." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction but.\nLucy accidentally spilled her glass of juice, but luckily it didn't get on the white sofa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty \| Mineral \| Rock\nIt is a solid. \| Yes \| Yes\nIt is formed in nature. \| Yes \| Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. \| Yes \| Yes\nIt is a pure substance. \| Yes \| No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. \| Yes \| No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Hematite is a pure substance. It is a solid.\n1. Pyrite is a solid. It is not made by living things.\n2. Burlap is not a pure substance. It is made by humans." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nPyrite is a mineral.\nBurlap is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nBurlap is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, burlap is not a mineral.\nHematite is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. Swims happily in the beautiful coral reef.\n1. The car needed gas, Dad went to the gas station." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Swims happily in the beautiful coral reef is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a sentence fragment?\nDerailed by miscommunication and a lack of funding, Evan and Jon's new business venture.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a sentence fragment. It does not express a complete thought.\nDerailed by miscommunication and a lack of funding, Evan and Jon's new business venture.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nEvan and Jon's new business venture has been derailed by miscommunication and a lack of funding.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Tracy knew the answer to the question, so she raised her hand.\n1. The beavers gnaw on logs by the riverbank." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nTracy knew the answer to the question, so she raised her hand.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent \| Past \| Future\nwalk, walks \| walked \| will walk\ngo, goes \| went \| will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMr. Coleman signed his name on the letter.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, signed. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nLeroy always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.\n\n0. compound\n1. compound-complex\n2. complex\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nLeroy always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Brittany acquired this trait?\n\n0. Brittany learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects.\n1. Brittany likes to look at butterflies and beetles." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a skateboard a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a skateboard is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a skateboard something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a skateboard a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a skateboard is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word random in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Judy made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.\n1. At the grocery store, Judy hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses random in its traditional sense: made or occurring without a definite pattern.\nAt the grocery store, Judy hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.\nThe first text uses random in its nontraditional sense: odd or out of place.\nJudy made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word random because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. The little boy popped a big bubble.\n1. The cardboard box gets wet it falls apart." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cardboard box gets wet it falls apart is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: The cardboard box gets wet and It falls apart.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Candice are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Candice?\n\n0. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Candice.\n1. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Candice." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Candice, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Candice down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Candice up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Candice.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType \| Examples\nslang \| cool, awesome\nidioms \| knock your socks off\nconversational language \| gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language \| ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language \| he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions \| can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. A tropical cyclone is a strong circular storm that begins over warm oceans near the equator.\n1. A tropical cyclone is a real big storm that begins over warm oceans near the equator." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real big).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word herd on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nhowever - hue\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince herd is not between the guide words however - hue, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is °.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80°F.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 115°F\n1. 80°F\n2. 55°F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 80. So, the temperature is 80°F.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three blue jays. Which blue jay was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a blue jay that moved 385kilometers south in 10hours\n1. a blue jay that moved 310kilometers south in 10hours\n2. a blue jay that moved 320kilometers north in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each blue jay moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each blue jay moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each blue jay moved for 10 hours. The blue jay that moved 385 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that blue jay must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. chalk\n1. water in a sink\n2. flower petals\n3. stuffed rabbit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A flower petal is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When a butterfly lands on a flower petal, the petal may bend. But the petal will still have its own shape.\nChalk is a solid. You can easily break chalk into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nA stuffed rabbit is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you hold a stuffed rabbit in your hands, the stuffed rabbit still has a size and shape of its own.\nThe water in a sink is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you move the water from a sink into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nBuilding a tower out of magnetic blocks is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Building a tower out of magnetic blocks is a physical change. The blocks stick to each other to form a tower. But the blocks are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Robert practiced pitching the ball, so he became even better.\n1. The jewels on your necklace sparkle in this light." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nRobert practiced pitching the ball, so he became even better.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nFor several years, Dora Maar was Pablo Picasso's muse.\n\n0. a fairy tale\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion muse is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, the muses are nine sister goddesses who embody and inspire song, poetry, art, and science.\nThe allusion muse means a source of artistic motivation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe trucks begin to move at the same speed. Which truck needs a larger force to start moving?\n\n0. a mail truck carrying 450 pounds of mail\n1. a mail truck carrying 550 pounds of mail" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the mail truck that is heavier.\nA mail truck carrying 550 pounds of mail is heavier than a mail truck carrying 450 pounds of mail. So, the mail truck carrying 550 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other mail truck.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three cars. Which car was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a car that moved 220miles south in 5hours\n1. a car that moved 195miles east in 5hours\n2. a car that moved 210miles east in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each car moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each car moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each car moved for 5 hours. The car that moved 195 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that car must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. water in a fishbowl\n1. coffee\n2. air inside a balloon\n3. crayons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nCoffee is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour coffee into a different container, the coffee will take the shape of that container. But the coffee will still take up the same amount of space.\nThe water in a fishbowl is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a fishbowl into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\nA crayon is a solid. You can break a crayon into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAfter spending weeks in New York City, Clara was a bit unnerved by the deafening silence of her small hometown.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDeafening silence is a contradiction, because deafening describes something extremely loud, and silence is the absence of sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nMaya gazed at the ancient pug that seemed to sleep all day and noted, \"You're an energetic puppy!\"\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAn energetic puppy shows verbal irony because an old, exhausted dog is far from an energetic puppy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAnnie is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. compound-complex\n1. complex\n2. simple\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nAnnie is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word beginner on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbade - butterfly\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince beginner is between the guide words bade - butterfly, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n \| Resources \| Number of producers or suppliers \| Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up \| when resources cost less or are easier to get \| when there are more producers or suppliers \| when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down \| when resources cost more or are harder to get \| when there are fewer producers or suppliers \| when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, 50,000 people lived in the city of Norwood. But since then, 8,000 people have moved away. What probably happened to the overall supply of houses for sale in Norwood?\n\n0. The supply probably went down.\n1. The supply probably went up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The population of Norwood fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Norwood has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nAfter a long second half full of sound and fury, the soccer game concluded in a tie.\n\n0. Shakespeare\n1. French history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion sound and fury is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Macbeth, when Macbeth learns that his wife has died, he laments in his grief that life is nothing more than a \"meaningless tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury.\"\nThe allusion sound and fury means activity that amounts to nothing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nRonald remarked that the new book on anti-gravity was impossible to put down.\n\n0. pun\n1. alliteration" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nImpossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this tomato plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait?\n\n0. FF\n1. smooth fruit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The tomato plant's observable version of the fruit texture trait is smooth fruit. So, the plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait is smooth fruit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\n0. Sheep eat plants.\n1. Grape vines have wide flat leaves." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A grape vine is a plant. It has wide flat leaves.\nPeople first grew grapes for food over 8,000 years ago.\nA sheep is an animal. It eats plants.\nPeople raise sheep for their fur, meat, and milk.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Brendan decides to plant the magnolia tree. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. The magnolia tree will use up more space than the lilies would have used up.\n1. Brendan will get to look at the magnolia tree. He thinks it will look more beautiful than the lilies would have looked." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Brendan wants or needs:\nThe magnolia tree will use up more space than the lilies would have used up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWhen Melissa first joined the track team, she was afraid of jumping, but she got over that hurdle.\n\n0. pun\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change better matches the sentence?\nMelted rock comes out of the ground.\n\n0. volcanic eruption\n1. erosion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe giant boulder () budge, no matter how hard we pushed.\n\n0. would not\n1. refused to" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase refused to. It describes the boulder as if it were a stubborn person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nSlowly, a renewed sense of dread () her mind.\n\n0. invaded\n1. filled" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word invaded. It describes dread as if it were a person who is barging in or taking over.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Ellen investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in cotton heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in wool?\n1. When wrapped in a cotton shirt and placed in the sun, does a large jar or a small jar heat up more?\n2. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in a black cotton shirt heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in a white cotton shirt?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMartha can ride a bicycle.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to ride a bicycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a bicycle is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Grayson inherited this trait?\n\n0. Grayson and his siblings all have naturally straight hair.\n1. Grayson and his biological father have short hair.\n2. Grayson's biological mother often wears her naturally brown hair in a bun." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nAlec's Falstaffian nature makes him stand out at a party.\n\n0. Shakespeare\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to make a paper airplane?\n\n0. 40 minutes\n1. 40 seconds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to make a paper airplane is 40 seconds.\n40 minutes is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to blow your nose?\n\n0. 4 seconds\n1. 4 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to blow your nose is 4 seconds.\n4 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. rock lobster\n1. earthworm\n2. yellow jacket\n3. gray crowned crane" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A yellow jacket is an insect. Like other insects, a yellow jacket is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA rock lobster is a crustacean. Like other crustaceans, a rock lobster is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nAn earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA gray crowned crane is a bird. Like other birds, a gray crowned crane is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nRuthenium is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether ruthenium is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for ruthenium contains one atomic symbol: Ru. So, the formula tells you that ruthenium is composed of only one chemical element.\nSince ruthenium is composed of only one chemical element, ruthenium is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAn avid reader, Garrett attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\n\n0. compound\n1. compound-complex\n2. complex\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Garrett attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbutter melting on a hot day\nburning a marshmallow over a campfire\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nButter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. The heat from the fire causes the type of matter in the marshmallow to change. The marshmallow becomes black and crispy.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nButter melting on a hot day is a physical change. But burning a marshmallow is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. But butter melting on a hot day is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy \| Description\nad hominem \| a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature \| an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy \| an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning \| an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association \| an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring \| the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy \| Description\nfalse causation \| the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy \| an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization \| a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man \| a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't try to tell me that you only watch educational programming, Wanda! I know for a fact that your sister only watches reality television.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Wanda must watch reality television, because her sister watches reality television. However, even though Wanda's sister watches reality television, that doesn't necessarily mean that Wanda does, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three bicycles. Which bicycle was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a bicycle that moved 75miles south in 10hours\n1. a bicycle that moved 145miles east in 10hours\n2. a bicycle that moved 95miles south in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 10 hours. The bicycle that moved 145 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nwillow - wreath\n\n0. wedding\n1. wobble" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince wobble is between the guide words willow - wreath, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to tie your shoes?\n\n0. 24 hours\n1. 24 seconds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to tie your shoes is 24 seconds.\n24 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Linda acquired this trait?\n\n0. Linda learned how to build a fire at summer camp.\n1. Linda can cook food over a fire." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a play?\n\n0. \"The Robbers Break In\"\n1. *The Robbers Break In" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A play should be in italics.\nThe correct title is The Robbers Break In*.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Candice investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in cotton heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in wool?\n1. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in a black cotton shirt heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in a white cotton shirt?\n2. When wrapped in a cotton shirt and placed in the sun, does a large jar or a small jar heat up more?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent \| Past \| Future\nwalk, walks \| walked \| will walk\ngo, goes \| went \| will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nWe blame the blizzard for the traffic.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, blame. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nboiling sugar to make caramel\nwater boiling on a stove\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBoiling sugar to make caramel is a chemical change. The heat causes the sugar to change into a different type of matter. Unlike sugar, the new matter is brown and sticky.\nWater boiling on the stove is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nWater boiling is a physical change. But boiling sugar to make caramel is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoiling sugar to make caramel is a chemical change. But water boiling is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]