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"from": "human",
"value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. The Chens' car has a dent in the bumper, but otherwise their car looks just like the Duncans'.\n1. The Chens' car looks just like the Duncans', but theirs has a dent in the bumper."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun theirs could refer to the Chens' or the Duncans'.\nThe Chens' car looks just like the Duncans', but theirs has a dent in the bumper.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nThe Chens' car has a dent in the bumper, but otherwise their car looks just like the Duncans'.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Haley acquired this trait?\n\n0. Haley's friends like to make chili with her.\n1. Haley learned how to make chili from a recipe book.\n2. When Haley was young, her grandmother taught her how to cut chili peppers."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nThe economist had been quietly publishing articles about the future of the housing market like a dutiful Cassandra.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. a poem"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The source of the allusion Cassandra is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Cassandra is blessed with the power of prophecy; however, she is unable to convince others of her dire predictions due to a curse from the god Apollo.\nThe allusion Cassandra means a person who makes unheeded predictions of disaster.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work?\nBlake, William. The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake. Ed. David V. Erdman. New York: Anchor, 1988. Print.\n\n0. It is a book.\n1. It is a short story.\n2. It is a poem."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nBlake, William. The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake. Ed. David V. Erdman. New York: Anchor, 1988. Print.\nYou can tell that the cited work is a book because of the entry's formatting. Book entries always include the book title in italics followed by the place of publication, the publisher name, and the year of publication. (There may be additional information between the book title and the place of publication, such as an editor or translator name.)\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to see all the animals at the zoo?\n\n0. 3 minutes\n1. 3 hours"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to see all the animals at the zoo is 3 hours.\n3 minutes is too fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Fido's phenotype for the fur length trait?\n\n0. ff\n1. long fur"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Fido's observable version of the fur length trait is long fur. So, Fido's phenotype for the fur length trait is long fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70°F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70°F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich stick of butter has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder stick of butter\n1. the hotter stick of butter"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The two sticks of butter are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder stick of butter has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\n\"Michael's personality is very Jekyll and Hyde,\" Carrie told her brother.\n\n0. U.S. history\n1. literature"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na log decomposing in the woods\nan old sandwich rotting in a trashcan\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nThe breakdown of plant and animal matter by organisms such as fungi and earthworms is called decomposition. A log decomposing in the woods is a chemical change.\nAs the log breaks down, the type of matter in it changes. Over time, the log becomes softer and has a different smell.\nA sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a parking space?\n\n0. 22 feet\n1. 22 yards\n2. 22 miles\n3. 22 inches"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The best estimate for the length of a parking space is 22 feet.\n22 inches is too short. 22 yards and 22 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a short story?\n\n0. \"The Story of a Mother\"\n1. \"The story of a mother\""
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words of and a are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is \"The Story of a Mother.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJackie insisted that her dog wasn't fat; she said that he was merely well-fed.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. paradox"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nWell-fed is an indirect way of saying overweight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nIn this chemical reaction, hydrogen is a ().\n\n0. product\n1. reactant"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to hydrogen in this chemical reaction.\nLike people on Earth, astronauts living on the International Space Station need oxygen to survive. Since there is no oxygen in space for the astronauts to breathe, they make oxygen using a process called electrolysis. This process uses electricity to break down water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The hydrogen gas can be removed from the space station or recycled, and the oxygen gas is released into the air that the astronauts breathe.\nThe underlined text tells you that hydrogen forms when water breaks down. Because hydrogen is produced by this chemical reaction, hydrogen is a product.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Steven acquired this trait?\n\n0. Some scars fade more quickly than others.\n1. Steven's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his arm when he fell off his bicycle."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Mabel inherited this trait?\n\n0. Mabel and her mother both have short hair.\n1. Mabel's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Mabel."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.\nStatements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Katharine Graham deserved to win a Pulitzer Prize in 1998.\n1. Katharine Graham was the first female CEO of a Fortune 500 company."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The second sentence states a fact. It can be verified by looking up the history of CEOs of Fortune 500 companies.\nKatharine Graham was the first female CEO of a Fortune 500 company.\nThe first sentence states an opinion. Deserved indicates a personal judgment.\nKatharine Graham deserved to win a Pulitzer Prize in 1998.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nEverything in this room is eatable, even I'm eatable! But that is called cannibalism, my dear children, and is in fact frowned upon in most societies.\n—Willy Wonka in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\n\n0. understatement\n1. apostrophe"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nFrowned upon in most societies is an understatement, since cannibalism—the eating of human flesh by another human being—is usually looked upon with horror.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Brenna and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall.\n1. This loaf of bread is almost stale, but we can make it into bread crumbs for the meatballs."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction but.\nThis loaf of bread is almost stale, but we can make it into bread crumbs for the meatballs.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nLeonardo da Vinci, who was a renowned painter and sculptor, was also an inventor and scientist.\n\n0. compound\n1. complex\n2. compound-complex\n3. simple"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun who.\nLeonardo da Vinci, who was a renowned painter and sculptor, was also an inventor and scientist.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Marlin's phenotype for the eye color trait?\n\n0. black eyes\n1. ee"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Marlin's observable version of the eye color trait is black eyes. So, Marlin's phenotype for the eye color trait is black eyes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntender - torn\n\n0. tray\n1. thankful"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince thankful is between the guide words tender - torn, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Megan are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Megan?\n\n0. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Megan.\n1. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Megan."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "To determine if there is a net force on Megan, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Megan down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Megan up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Megan.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a long-distance running race?\n\n0. 24 meters\n1. 24 kilometers\n2. 24 centimeters\n3. 24 millimeters"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 24 kilometers.\n24 millimeters, 24 centimeters, and 24 meters are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Wesley shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\n1. Wesley shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nWesley shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nWesley shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"A Kiss for Cinderella\"\n1. ***A Kiss for Cinderella***"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **A Kiss for Cinderella**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"This salsa could use a little more spice,\" Vijay said as he gulped down water and wiped tears from his eyes.\n\n0. The salsa was too spicy.\n1. The salsa was tasteless."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nCould use a little more spice ironically suggests that the salsa was too spicy. Vijay gulped down water and wiped tears from his eyes, indications that the salsa was indeed too spicy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJason can ride a motorcycle.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Martin are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Martin?\n\n0. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Martin.\n1. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Martin."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "To determine if there is a net force on Martin, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Martin down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Martin up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Martin.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Isabelle decides to bake bran muffins. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Isabelle will get to eat more muffins. She can make more bran muffins than chocolate muffins.\n1. Isabelle will give up the chance to eat chocolate muffins. She thinks chocolate muffins are tastier than bran muffins."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Isabelle wants or needs:\nIsabelle will give up the chance to eat chocolate muffins. She thinks chocolate muffins are tastier than bran muffins.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The door is pushing on Kinsley's hand.\n1. The door is pulling on Kinsley's hand."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Kinsley's hand is pushing on the door. So, Newton's third law tells you that the door is pushing on Kinsley's hand.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Meg decides to plant the magnolia tree. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. The magnolia tree will use up more space than the hydrangeas would have used up.\n1. Meg will get to look at the magnolia tree. She thinks it will look more beautiful than the hydrangeas would have looked."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Meg wants or needs:\nThe magnolia tree will use up more space than the hydrangeas would have used up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a song?\n\n0. \"Black or White\"\n1. Black or White"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A song should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Black or White.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Does the university directory list contact information for the head of the English department?\n1. Does it list contact information for the head of the English department?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the university directory.\nDoes the university directory list contact information for the head of the English department?\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nAkiko teaches Audrey about customs in Japan.\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, teaches. The verb ends in -es and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Mississippi River?\n\n0. 2,300 feet\n1. 2,300 inches\n2. 2,300 yards\n3. 2,300 miles"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The best estimate for the length of the Mississippi River is 2,300 miles.\n2,300 inches, 2,300 feet, and 2,300 yards are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Fairview has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Fairview's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go up.\n1. The supply will probably go down."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Fairview. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nharness - hotel\n\n0. hurdle\n1. himself"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince himself is between the guide words harness - hotel, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to sing the ABC song?\n\n0. 26 seconds\n1. 26 minutes"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to sing the ABC song is 26 seconds.\n26 minutes is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Peanut's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. ff\n1. brown fur"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Peanut's observable version of the fur color trait is brown fur. So, Peanut's phenotype for the fur color trait is brown fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word impolite on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nice - intense\n\n0. no\n1. yes"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince impolite is between the guide words ice - intense, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nKathleen is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound-complex\n2. compound\n3. complex"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nKathleen is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nEmilio returned to the parking lot to find his car somewhat destroyed. Apparently someone had crashed into it while he was working and had broken the entire front windshield.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSomewhat destroyed is a contradiction, because somewhat means partially or moderately, and destroyed implies totally wrecked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Later the sailors will wash the deck of the ship.\n1. The sun came out, and the clouds in the sky disappeared."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nThe sun came out, and the clouds in the sky disappeared.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Michelle investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Will eight ounces of carbonated water or eight ounces of tap water get warmer when placed in a jar in the sun?\n1. When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a glass jar or eight ounces of water in a plastic cup get warmer?\n2. When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a closed jar or eight ounces of water in an open jar get warmer?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Catfish swim underwater.\n1. Oleander trees can grow colorful flowers."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A catfish is an animal. It swims underwater.\nA catfish is a fish. Unlike most other fish, catfish do not have scales! They have slimy skin.\nAn oleander tree is a plant. It can grow colorful flowers.\nThere are over 400 different types of oleander plants.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe mom and dad push the strollers at the same speed. Which stroller is pushed with a larger force?\n\n0. a stroller with kid that weighs 22 pounds\n1. a stroller with kid that weighs 28 pounds"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Look for the stroller that is heavier.\nA stroller holding a kid that weighs 28 pounds is heavier than a stroller holding a kid that weighs 22 pounds. So, the stroller holding the kid that weighs 28 pounds needs to be pushed with a larger force to start moving forward at the same speed as the other other stroller.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three cars. Which car was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a car that moved 435miles west in 10hours\n1. a car that moved 655miles east in 10hours\n2. a car that moved 400miles north in 10hours"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Look at the distance each car moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each car moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each car moved for 10 hours. The car that moved 400 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that car must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ling acquired this trait?\n\n0. Ling's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her arm when she fell off her bicycle.\n1. Ling's sister has a bruise from falling on her elbow.\n2. Ling's scar is on her right elbow. Her father also has a scar on his right elbow."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an adult great white shark?\n\n0. 6 inches\n1. 6 yards\n2. 6 feet"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The best estimate for the length of an adult great white shark is 6 yards.\n6 inches and 6 feet are both too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Melissa inherited this trait?\n\n0. Melissa's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Melissa.\n1. Melissa and her mother both have short hair."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the reptile traits listed above.\n\n0. Coral snakes hatch from eggs with shells. They spend most of their time underground or hiding under leaves. Coral snakes have scaly, waterproof skin.\n1. Bengal tigers are one of the world's largest living cats. They have black, white, and orange fur. Female Bengal tigers feed their offspring milk. Male Bengal tigers can be almost twice as large as females!"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nReptiles have the following traits:\nThey have scaly, waterproof skin.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA coral snake has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA coral snake has the traits of a reptile. A coral snake is a reptile.\nA Bengal tiger has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has hair.\nA Bengal tiger does not have all of the traits of a reptile. A Bengal tiger is a mammal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nSouthern California usually gets strong winds in the fall and winter. People call them Santa Ana winds.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Read the text carefully.\nSouthern California usually gets strong winds in the fall and winter. People call them Santa Ana winds.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern in Southern California. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nchicken cooking in an oven\nmaking paper from wood\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCooking chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\nMaking paper from wood is a chemical change. Paper is made by mixing tiny pieces of wood with special chemicals. The wood reacts with the chemicals to form pulp. Wood and pulp are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But making paper from wood is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an apple?\n\n0. 110 kilograms\n1. 110 grams"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The better estimate for the mass of an apple is 110 grams.\n110 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. See you soon,\nGabby\n1. See You Soon,\nGabby"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word blouse on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nboard - bundle\n\n0. yes\n1. no"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blouse is not between the guide words board - bundle, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more positive connotation?\n\n0. a nosy person\n1. an inquisitive person"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An inquisitive person has a more positive connotation. Inquisitive and nosy both denote taking an interest in something. However, inquisitive suggests a healthy interest in learning more, while nosy suggests an inappropriate interest in other people's affairs.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAfter Wanda cooked and served a scrumptious dinner, Dad boasted that she is the Julia Child of our family.\n\n0. simile\n1. allusion"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nJulia Child alludes to the famous chef who is known for popularizing French cuisine in the United States.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThe dry season in Emmett's hometown usually lasts from November to May.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Read the text carefully.\nThe dry season in Emmett's hometown usually lasts from November to May.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation pattern where Emmett is from. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait?\n\n0. yellow fruit\n1. red fruit"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "You need to determine the tomato plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait. First, consider the alleles in the plant's genotype for the fruit color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for red fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for yellow fruit (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe tomato plant's genotype of Ff has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the tomato plant's phenotype for the fruit color trait must be red fruit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. There are some things that Ms. Stevenson wants to bring up at the next city council meeting.\n1. Ms. Stevenson has several important proposals to discuss at the next city council meeting."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (some things, bring up).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a skateboard?\n\n0. 3 grams\n1. 3 kilograms"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The better estimate for the mass of a skateboard is 3 kilograms.\n3 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "\n\nQuestion:\nMany people around the world celebrate the new year on January 1. But many other people celebrate the new year on different days. Why?\n\n0. They want to celebrate during summer.\n1. They think celebrating on January 1 is bad luck.\n2. They use different calendars.\n3. They are confused about what day it is."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "People celebrate the new year on different days because they use different calendars.\nWhich calendars do people use?\nTherefore my final answer is: 2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The book Charlotte's Web has an unhappy ending.\n1. Written by E. B. White, Charlotte's Web was first printed in 1952."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nWritten by E. B. White, Charlotte's Web was first printed in 1952.\nIt can be proved by checking inside the book's front cover.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe book Charlotte's Web has an unhappy ending.\nUnhappy shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about the book's ending.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is °.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80°F.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 120°F\n1. 95°F\n2. 105°F"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid is halfway between 100 and 110. So, the temperature is 105°F.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nLexi, please stay away from the ocean. You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. paradox"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nYou shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim at first appears to be contradictory, because it is impossible to learn how to swim without going in the water. However, it contains some truth: you should not go into deep or dangerous water without first knowing how to swim.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce.\n\nQuestion:\nUse the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.\n\n0. Stinging nettle slug caterpillars are covered in sharp spines that protect them from predators. These caterpillars get the energy they need to live by eating leaves.\n1. Aloe ferox plants have thick, spiny leaves and red flowers. These plants make sugars from carbon dioxide and water. The plants get the energy they need to live from these sugars."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that Aloe ferox plants get energy from the sugars they make using carbon dioxide and water. This is evidence that the Aloe ferox plant is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the stinging nettle slug caterpillar is photosynthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Mrs. Harper informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately.\n1. Mrs. Harper told her assistant to book a flight to Cedarburg immediately."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Harper or her assistant.\nMrs. Harper informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMrs. Harper told her assistant to book a flight to Cedarburg immediately.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nDad will love your surprise gift!\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, love. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "\n\nQuestion:\nBy 1860, there were almost four million enslaved African American people in the United States. What is an enslaved person?\n\n0. a person who works for someone else for 4 to 7 years\n1. a person who is owned by someone else\n2. a person who is a criminal\n3. a person who is drafted into the army"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An enslaved person is a person who is owned by someone else. Slaveholders in the 1800 s had the power to sell, punish, and work an enslaved person.\nBy the antebellum period, or the time period leading up to the Civil War, African American people had been enslaved in North America for over 300 years. By 1860, there were almost four million enslaved African American people in the United States.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Before Ken decided on a double major in history and Russian literature, he talked to them about the requirements for each major.\n1. Before Ken decided on a double major in history and Russian literature, he talked to academic advisers about the requirements for each major."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with academic advisers.\nBefore Ken decided on a double major in history and Russian literature, he talked to academic advisers about the requirements for each major.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI used to love this TV show, but then I found out that Shane likes it, too. So I changed my opinion—if someone like Shane likes a show, it can't be as good as I thought!\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n2. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The text argues that a television show must be bad because someone the speaker hates enjoys it. However, this is not evidence that the show is bad. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Mammals have hair or fur and feed their young milk.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mammal.\n\n0. bottlenose dolphin\n1. red-headed poison frog\n2. cane toad\n3. parrotfish"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A red-headed poison frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nPoison dart frogs come in many bright colors. Their bright color warns other animals that these frogs are poisonous.\nA parrotfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nParrotfish have fins and live underwater near coral reefs. They get their name from their bird-like beak!\nA bottlenose dolphin is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nDolphins may look like sharks or other fish, but they are mammals! When a baby dolphin is born, it has hair around its jaw. This hair falls out as the dolphin grows.\nA cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Wanda decides to get the rainbow sherbet ice cream. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Wanda will give up the chance to eat the peach ice cream. She likes this flavor more than rainbow sherbet.\n1. Wanda will get a free waffle cone. She will enjoy the waffle cone."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Wanda wants or needs:\nWanda will give up the chance to eat the peach ice cream. She likes this flavor more than rainbow sherbet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Billy investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does vegetable oil separate faster when stirred together with vinegar or with water?\n1. Does vinegar separate faster when stirred together with olive oil or with coconut oil?\n2. Does vegetable oil separate faster when stirred together with cold water or with hot water?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a magazine?\n\n0. ***Art of the West***\n1. \"Art of the West\""
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A magazine should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Art of the West**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nAlexa has naturally red hair.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Alexa's hair color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?\nConifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nA seedling is ().\n\n0. a young plant\n1. a plant that makes seeds\n2. a part of a seed"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A seedling is a young plant. A seedling will grow into an adult plant.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Wendy acquired this trait?\n\n0. Wendy likes to look at butterflies and beetles.\n1. Wendy learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. After discussing the new research methods with Annie, Susan decided to try some of them out.\n1. After Susan discussed the new research methods with Annie, she decided to try some of them out."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Susan or Annie.\nAfter Susan discussed the new research methods with Annie, she decided to try some of them out.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nAfter discussing the new research methods with Annie, Susan decided to try some of them out.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Polly acquired this trait?\n\n0. Polly is most interested in human biology.\n1. Polly learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait?\n\n0. mutated antennae\n1. normal antennae"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The fruit fly's genotype for the antenna type gene is aa. The fruit fly's genotype of aa has only a alleles. The a allele is for normal antennae. So, the fruit fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait must be normal antennae.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the fruit fly's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for normal antennae (a) is recessive to the allele for mutated antennae (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nThe fruit fly's genotype of aa has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the fruit fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait must be normal antennae.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Colton sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. compound\n1. compound-complex\n2. simple\n3. complex"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Colton sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Charlotte decides to go on the roller coaster. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Charlotte will save some ride tickets. She needs fewer tickets to go on the roller coaster than on the flying bobsled.\n1. Charlotte will give up the chance to go on the flying bobsled. She would have had more fun on that ride."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Charlotte wants or needs:\nCharlotte will give up the chance to go on the flying bobsled. She would have had more fun on that ride.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a paper clip?\n\n0. 25 millimeters\n1. 25 kilometers\n2. 25 meters"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The best estimate for the length of a paper clip is 25 millimeters.\n25 meters and 25 kilometers are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a small candy bar?\n\n0. 60 grams\n1. 60 kilograms"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The better estimate for the mass of a small candy bar is 60 grams.\n60 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nVince's remark about your new car is clearly a case of sour grapes.\n\n0. a fable\n1. Greek mythology"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The source of the allusion sour grapes is a fable.\nIn the fable \"The Fox and the Grapes,\" a fox tries unsuccessfully to reach a bunch of grapes. Because he cannot reach them and therefore cannot eat them, he tells himself that they must be sour.\nThe allusion sour grapes means criticizing something because you can't have it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI must have eaten too much of Antonio's homemade chili, because now I'm so full I could explode!\n\n0. paradox\n1. hyperbole"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nSo full I could explode is an exaggeration, since it is clear that the speaker is not actually in danger of exploding.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nIan will pitch the ball quickly.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, pitch. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Lyla's genotype for the coat pattern gene?\n\n0. a black coat\n1. aa"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Lyla has two alleles for a black coat (a). So, Lyla's genotype for the coat pattern gene is aa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nMr. and Mrs. Erickson usually see eye to eye, but not when it comes to the controversial mayoral race.\n\n0. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson usually agree.\n1. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson are not politically active."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom see eye to eye suggests that Mr. and Mrs. Erickson usually agree. When you see eye to eye with someone, you share their opinion.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the place that doesn't belong.\n\n0. hive\n1. moon\n2. den\n3. nest"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Moon doesn't belong.\nNest, hive, and den all name places where groups of animals live.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. All fish use gills for breathing underwater.\n1. Grandpa teaches us how to play the fiddle it isn't easy."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Grandpa teaches us how to play the fiddle it isn't easy is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Grandpa teaches us how to play the fiddle and It isn't easy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe metal platter landed with a great clang, spraying bits of food across the kitchen floor and cabinets.\n\n0. onomatopoeia\n1. verbal irony"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nClang represents the sound the metal platter made when it hit the floor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nDoug has a scar on his left leg.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. The jeweler carefully polished the ring once he had removed the precious gemstone from it.\n1. After the jeweler removed the precious gemstone from the ring, he carefully polished it."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the precious gemstone or the ring.\nAfter the jeweler removed the precious gemstone from the ring, he carefully polished it.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nThe jeweler carefully polished the ring once he had removed the precious gemstone from it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Mike accidentally bumped into the waiter, and food splattered all over Mike's shirt.\n1. Mike accidentally bumped into the waiter, and food splattered all over his shirt."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Mike's or the waiter's.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. His has been replaced with Mike's.\nMike accidentally bumped into the waiter, and food splattered all over Mike's shirt.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a dinner fork?\n\n0. 85 grams\n1. 85 kilograms"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The better estimate for the mass of a dinner fork is 85 grams.\n85 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Andrew Carnegie made tons of dough when he sold his steel company to John Pierpont Morgan in 1901.\n1. Andrew Carnegie became one of the world's richest men after selling his steel company to John Pierpont Morgan in 1901."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses slang (tons of dough).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the slang, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to do ten jumping jacks?\n\n0. 21 minutes\n1. 21 seconds"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to do ten jumping jacks is 21 seconds.\n21 minutes is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1"
}
] |