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741 | For that, we have to work on other types of marine organisms so that we clearly understand what took place in the sediment over geological time” | These fossils help scientists to date the core and to understand the depositional environment in which the rock units formed. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Geology |
2,424 | Consequently, the total amount of Arctic sea ice in 2008 and 2009 are the lowest on record. | The effects of global warming in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Arctic |
1,859 | Big rooftop solar's plan forces Nevada families who don't have solar panels to pay higher power bills to subsidize rooftop solar. | The new rules "encourage community solar projects and help ratepayers, who subsidize the above market rates utilities are required to pay for power generated under the program." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Net metering |
2,261 | Last December, the respected journal “Oceanography” published projections (see graphic below) for this rising acidity, measured by falling pH | Limiting global warming to below 2 °C would imply a reduction in surface ocean pH of 0.16 from pre-industrial levels. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Ocean acidification |
2,882 | Trenberth's views are clarified in the paper "An imperative for climate change planning: tracking Earth's global energy". | "An imperative for climate change planning: tracking Earth's global energy". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climatic Research Unit documents |
3,111 | Ljungqvist's millennial temperature reconstruction was very similar to Moberg et al. | Ljungqvist's 2,000 year extratropical Northern Hemisphere reconstruction generally agreed well with Mann et al. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Hockey stick controversy |
1,237 | the last sea-level high point, … occurred between the last two ice ages, about 125,000 years ago. | The Last Glacial Period (LGP) occurred from the end of the Eemian to the end of the Younger Dryas, encompassing the period c. 115,000 – c. 11,700 years ago. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Last Glacial Period |
2,024 | Wisconsin employers have repeatedly said in surveys that our anti-business litigation climate is one of the most important factors affecting their expansion decisions. | The Act has spawned years of litigation by industry groups that have challenged the standards limiting the amount of permitted exposure to chemicals such as benzene. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | United States labor law |
1,089 | Last year’s warmth was manifested across the planet, from the warm tropical ocean waters off the coast of northeastern Australia, where the Great Barrier Reef experienced its worst coral bleaching event on record and large scale coral death, to the Arctic, where sea ice hit regular monthly record lows and overall temperatures were also the warmest on record, at least from January through September 2016. | A March 2016 report stated that coral bleaching was more widespread than previously thought, seriously affecting the northern parts of the reef as a result of warming ocean temperatures. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Great Barrier Reef |
642 | Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius | In one model, the average temperature of Earth following a full thermonuclear war falls for several years by 7 to 8 degrees Celsius (13 to 15 degrees Fahrenheit) on average. | REFUTES | contradiction | Nuclear holocaust |
305 | There is no statistical evidence that global warming is intensifying[…] floods | "Increasing magnitudes of [global] warming increase the likelihood of severe, pervasive, and irreversible impacts." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,997 | The trend in CO2 at Mauna Loa is practically identical to the global trend because CO2 mixes well throughout the atmosphere. | "Up-to-date weekly average CO 2 at Mauna Loa". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere |
889 | “Several of the papers note that the primary influence on warming appears to be solar activity. | Patterns of solar irradiance and solar variation has been a main driver of climate change over the millennia to gigayears of the geologic time scale, but its role in the recent warming has been found to be insignificant. | REFUTES | contradiction | Solar activity and climate |
470 | According to NASA, the globally averaged temperature of the land and ocean was 0.9˚C (1.62˚F) above the 20th century average. | Consistent with Schmidt's comment, the NASA / NOAA announcement stated that "globally-averaged temperatures in 2016 were 1.78 degrees Fahrenheit (0.99 degrees Celsius) warmer than the mid-20th century mean" and that the impact of El Niño warming was estimated to have "increased the annual global temperature anomaly for 2016 by 0.2 degrees Fahrenheit (0.12 degrees Celsius)." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Instrumental temperature record |
2,414 | Ocean and surface temperature measurements find the planet continues to accumulate heat. | This last phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy emitted from the ground, thereby raising the average temperature. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Earth |
2,746 | Dropped weather stations actually show a slightly warmer trend compared to kept stations. | However, Sweden is much warmer and drier than other places at a similar latitude, and even somewhat farther south, mainly because of the combination of the Gulf Stream and the general west wind drift, caused by the direction of planet Earth's rotation. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sweden |
2,040 | Any action by Australia to reduce emissions of fossil fuels would not help to protect the reef unless there is an effective international agreement by major emitters. | The 2010 Cancún agreements include voluntary pledges made by 76 developed and developing countries to control their emissions of greenhouse gases. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Kyoto Protocol |
938 | We’re not sure because we don’t have enough data, for long enough, to separate signal from noise,” said Eric J. Steig, a scientist at the University of Washington who has studied temperature trends in Antarctica. | One of the paper's authors, Eric Steig of the University of Washington, stated "We now see warming is taking place on all seven of the earth’s continents in accord with what models predict as a response to greenhouse gases." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Antarctica cooling controversy |
1,504 | Climate scientists say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse. | "Storm Harvey: impacts likely worsened due to global warming". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Hurricane Harvey |
910 | The cement, iron and steel, and petroleum refining industries could see their production cut by 21% 19%, and 11% respectively.” | The 2012 share of world production from African soil was bauxite 7%; aluminium 5%; chromite 38%; cobalt 60%; copper 9%; gold 20%; iron ore 2%; steel 1%; lead (Pb) 2%; manganese 38%; zinc 1%; cement 4%; natural diamond 56%; graphite 2%; phosphate rock 21%; coal 4%; mineral fuels (including coal) & petroleum 47%; uranium 18%.platinum 69.4%. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Mineral industry of Africa |
1,849 | Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent. | This low temperature was maintained by the high albedo of the ice sheets, which reflected most incoming solar energy into space. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Snowball Earth |
442 | There is no empirical evidence that increasing greenhouse gases are the primary cause of Global Warming | There is a scientific consensus that climate is changing and that greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver. | REFUTES | contradiction | Instrumental temperature record |
1,090 | Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22. | It holds the record for the highest verified temperature recorded in India at 51 °C (124 °F) on 19 May 2016. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Phalodi |
2,069 | Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification, which is catastrophically harming marine life. | Carbon dioxide emissions cause ocean acidification, the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans as CO 2 becomes dissolved. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Pollution |
498 | The 30 most costly hurricanes in U.S. history (according to federal data from January) show no increase in intensity over time. | After spending a week without significantly strengthening itself in the central Atlantic, it rapidly intensified into a powerful Category 5 hurricane while moving westward towards the Bahamas on August 23. | REFUTES | contradiction | Hurricane Andrew |
2,030 | Opponents of climate action are getting twice as much airtime as proponents of climate action. | "Conservative groups spend up to $1bn a year to fight action on climate change". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change denial |
1,793 | While summer maximums have showed little trend, the annual average Arctic temperature has risen sharply in recent decades. | The IPCC also indicate that, over the last 100 years, the annually averaged temperature in the Arctic has increased by almost twice as much as the global mean temperature has. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate of the Arctic |
2,105 | Excess CO2 from human emissions has a long residence time of over 100 years | The average residence time of a water molecule in the atmosphere is only about nine days, compared to years or centuries for other greenhouse gases such as CH 4 and CO 2. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Greenhouse gas |
2,949 | There is no single continuous satellite measurement of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). | The ACRIM2 instrument on the UARS satellite measured the total solar irradiance (TSI), the total solar radiant energy reaching Earth, continuing the climate change database begun in 1980 by the ACRIM1 experiment on the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM). | REFUTES | contradiction | Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite |
2,983 | Despite the logarithmic relationship between CO2 and surface temperatures, atmospheric CO2 levels are rising so fast that unless we dramatically decrease our emissions, global warming will accelerate over the 21st Century. | Between 1993 and 2017, the global mean sea level rose on average by 3.1 ± 0.3 mm per year, with an acceleration detected as well. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
1,874 | Donald Trump signed an executive order naming climate change as a threat "both to the economy and national security." | On January 25, Trump signed an executive order, "Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States", to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Attorney General and their departments and agencies to increase the enforcement of immigration laws which included the hiring of 10,000 "additional immigration officers". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency |
2,344 | Early estimates of ocean heat from the Argo showed a cooling bias due to pressure sensor issues. | Ocean heat content can be estimated using temperature measurements obtained by a Nansen bottle, an ARGO float, or ocean acoustic tomography. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Ocean heat content |
1,774 | The CERN CLOUD experiment only tested one-third of one out of four requirements necessary to blame global warming on cosmic rays, and two of the other requirements have already failed. | Although they observe that a fraction of cloud nuclei is effectively produced by ionisation due to the interaction of cosmic rays with the constituents of Earth atmosphere, this process is insufficient to attribute all of the present climate modifications to the fluctuations of the cosmic rays intensity modulated by changes in the solar activity and Earth magnetosphere. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | CLOUD experiment |
2,588 | However, satellite and surface measurements observe an enhanced greenhouse effect at the wavelengths that CO2 absorb energy. | Less energy reaches the upper atmosphere, which is therefore cooler because of this absorption. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon dioxide |
2,736 | The observed behavior of radiation fluxes implies negative feedback processes associated with relatively low climate sensitivity. | The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change feedback |
11 | They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide. | The main sources of greenhouse gases due to human activity are: burning of fossil fuels and deforestation leading to higher carbon dioxide concentrations in the air. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Greenhouse gas |
2,709 | When you account for the effects which are not reflected in the market price of fossil fuels, like air pollution and health impacts, the true cost of coal and other fossil fuels is higher than the cost of most renewable energy technologies. | Oil refineries also have negative environmental impacts, including air and water pollution. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Fossil fuel |
2,092 | Polar bear numbers are increasing | For decades, large-scale hunting raised international concern for the future of the species, but populations rebounded after controls and quotas began to take effect. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Polar bear |
1,692 | The oceans are warming and moreover are becoming more acidic, threatening the food chain. | "Ocean Growing More Acidic Faster Than Once Thought; Increasing Acidity Threatens Sea Life". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Ocean acidification |
450 | If we double atmospheric carbon dioxide[…] we’d only raise global surface temperatures by about a degree Celsius. | Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon dioxide |
258 | But the period has caused a headache for climate scientists because clearly there was no upswell in carbon dioxide that could account for such swift warming. | There is considerable evidence that over the very recent period of the last 100–1000 years, the sharp increases in human activity, especially the burning of fossil fuels, has caused the parallel sharp and accelerating increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases which trap the sun's heat. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Ice age |
282 | The panel was forced to retract a statement in its 2007 report saying all Himalayan glaciers could melt entirely by 2035. | In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its Fourth Report, stated that the Himalayan glaciers which feed the river, were at risk of melting by 2035. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Ganges |
2,511 | In 1977, PDO switched to a warm phase. | During the positive phase the wintertime Aleutian low is deepened and shifted southward, warm/humid air is advected along the North American west coast and temperatures are higher than usual from the Pacific Northwest to Alaska but below normal in Mexico and the Southeastern United States. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Pacific decadal oscillation |
583 | But despite [the Gulf Stream], the summer of 2018 looks set to be one of the hottest on record. | As it travels north, the warm water transported by the Gulf Stream undergoes evaporative cooling. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Gulf Stream |
1,948 | Recent record-low water levels in Lake Michigan are evidence that global warming is leading to "the evaporation of our Great Lakes." | This is due to the larger heat capacity of oceans and because oceans lose more heat by evaporation. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
1,616 | UAH atmospheric temperatures prove climate models and/or surface temperature data sets are wrong. | The results are thus not precisely comparable to surface temperature records or models. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | UAH satellite temperature dataset |
2,113 | IPCC overestimate temperature rise | As global average temperature increase exceeds about 3.5°C, model projections suggest significant extinctions (40–70% of species assessed) around the globe. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | IPCC Fourth Assessment Report |
169 | They can now model how likely a specific event would be to occur under historical conditions, compared to the record temperatures we’re experiencing. | A 2012 paper in the journal Science examined the geological record in an attempt to find a historical analog for current global conditions as well as those of the future. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ocean acidification |
2,849 | "by the 2001 [IPCC] climate assessment...the Medieval Warm Period had been ingeniously wiped out. | The IPCC First Assessment Report in 1990 noted evidence that Holocene climatic optimum around 5,000-6,000 years ago had been warmer than the present (at least in summer) and that in some areas there had been exceptional warmth during "a shorter Medieval Warm Period (which may not have been global)" about AD 950-1250, followed by a cooler period of the Little Ice Age which ended only in the middle to late nineteenth century. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Hockey stick controversy |
1,474 | Etna has already put more than 10,000 times the CO2 into the atmosphere than mankind has in our entire time on the Earth. | The pharmaceutical industry emitted 52 megatonnes of Carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in 2015. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Greenhouse gas |
2,160 | Renewable energy investment kills jobs | It established an alternative and low carbon energy business in 2005, with plans to invest $8 billion over a 10-year period into renewable energy sources including solar, wind, and biofuels, and non-renewable sources including natural gas and hydrogen power. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | BP |
1,923 | More than 260,000 Americans are employed by the domestic solar industry â three times as many workers as employed by the entire coal mining industry. | Furthermore, there are approximately 40,000 Americans living and working in the Kingdom. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Americans |
113 | The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted. | Confidence in model estimates is higher for some climate variables (e.g., temperature) than for others (e.g., precipitation). | REFUTES | contradiction | Global warming controversy |
2,784 | A subsequent study by Dessler (2011) found that Spencer's paper was not a test of climate sensitivity or feedbacks, and his assumptions do not match empirical observational data. | Phylogenetic theory is used to test the independent distributions of traits and their various forms to provide explanations of observed patterns in relation to their evolutionary history and biology. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Evolution as fact and theory |
2,091 | Water vapor is the most powerful greenhouse gas | Being a component of Earth's hydrosphere and hydrologic cycle, it is particularly abundant in Earth's atmosphere where it is also a potent greenhouse gas along with other gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Water vapor |
1,565 | They changed the name from 'global warming' to 'climate change'. | "Assessing dangerous climate change through an update of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 'reasons for concern'". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
399 | Climate Change ‘Heat Records’ Are a Huge Data Manipulation | Climatology deals with the aggregate data that meteorology has collected. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climatology |
763 | And some plants – like algae which use carbon for photosynthesis – may even benefit. | Algae comprise several different groups of organisms which produce food by photosynthesis and thus have traditionally been included in the plant kingdom. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Plant |
2,542 | The statement that so-called greenhouse gases, especially CO2, contribute to near-surface atmospheric warming is in glaring contradiction to well-known physical laws relating to gas and vapour, as well as to general caloric theory.' | In 2000, Hansen advanced an alternative view of global warming over the last 100 years, arguing that during that time frame the negative forcing via aerosols and the positive forcing via carbon dioxide (CO 2) largely balanced each other out, and that the 0.74±0.18 °C net rise in average global temperatures could mostly be explained by greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide, such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | James Hansen |
3,072 | "a paper...in Science magazine concludes that the climate sensitivity—how much the earth’s average temperature will rise as a result of a doubling of the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide—likely (that is, with a 66% probability) lies in the range 1.7°C to 2.6°C, with a median value of 2.3°C. | IPCC authors concluded ECS is very likely to be greater than 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) and likely to lie in the range 2 to 4.5 °C (4 to 8.1 °F), with a most likely value of about 3 °C (5 °F). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate sensitivity |
1,397 | alarmists here are taking overwhelmingly good news about global warming improving plant health and making it seem like this good news is actually bad news because healthier plants mean more pollen. | [clarification needed] Predictions measuring the effects of global warming on Australia assert that global warming will negatively impact the continent's environment, economy, and communities. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change in Australia |
1,150 | To make matters worse, the water temperatures in the Arctic Ocean are several degrees above average, which is an expected result of having less sea ice. | The Arctic Ocean's surface temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; its salinity is the lowest on average of the five major oceans, due to low evaporation, heavy fresh water inflow from rivers and streams, and limited connection and outflow to surrounding oceanic waters with higher salinities. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Arctic Ocean |
1,394 | U.S. Forest Service data show pine beetle infestations have recently declined dramatically throughout the western United States. | A lodgepole pine tree with a pitch tube A lodgepole pine tree infested by the mountain pine beetle, with visible pitch tubes Invaded pine tree forest on the slopes of Chancellor Peak in Yoho National Park, Canada A pine tree forest north of Breckenridge, CO shows infestation in 2008. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Mountain pine beetle |
2,114 | Peer review process was corrupted | If anything, the current peer review process and academic system could penalize, or at least fail to incentivize, such integrity. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Peer review |
1,565 | They changed the name from 'global warming' to 'climate change'. | NASA's Global Climate Change. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
703 | If the same eruptions had happened near the more recent end of the dataset, they could have pushed the overall trend into negative numbers, or a long-term cooling,’ Christy said.” | They used computer simulations of future climate to show that it was "possible, and indeed likely, to have a period as long as a decade or two of 'cooling' or no warming superimposed on a longer-term warming trend." | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming hiatus |
642 | Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius | The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | 20th century |
3,063 | 'Another global warming myth comes crashing down. | Climate Change Myths and Realities. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ozone depletion |
669 | Sea level rise of 65 centimeters, or roughly 2 feet would cause significant problems for coastal cities around the world. | A number of later studies have concluded that a global sea level rise of 200 to 270 cm (6.6 to 8.9 ft) this century is "physically plausible". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
2,613 | CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend. | Now measurements are made at many sites globally. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere |
2,796 | Had he used the currently accepted value of approximately 3°C warming for a doubling of atmospheric CO2, Hansen would have correctly projected the ensuing global warming. | An alternate scenario would keep the warming to below this if climate sensitivity were below 3 °C for doubled CO 2. | SUPPORTS | entailment | James Hansen |
1,255 | the first scientists to show that the thick icecap that once covered the Arctic ocean was beginning to thin and shrink. | Nevertheless, as all the explorers who travelled closer and closer to the pole reported, the polar ice cap is quite thick, and persists year-round. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Arctic Ocean |
1,898 | If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent. | These may use electricity, natural gas, propane, heating oil, solar, or other energy sources. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Water heating |
1,544 | Arctic icemelt is a natural cycle. | "Arctic cut-off high drives the poleward shift of a new Greenland melting record". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Arctic |
2,020 | Weather Channel Co-Founder John Coleman Calls Global Warming a Hoax | "Weather Channel boss calls global warming 'the greatest scam in history'". | SUPPORTS | entailment | John Coleman (meteorologist) |
1,557 | Climate change is because of Pacific Decadal Oscillation. | the Pacific decadal oscillation – The dominant pattern of sea surface variability in the North Pacific on a decadal scale. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate variability |
2,432 | The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970. | However, the geological record demonstrates that Earth has remained at a fairly constant temperature throughout its history, and that the young Earth was somewhat warmer than it is today. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sun |
2,266 | A number of independent investigations from different countries, universities and government bodies have investigated the stolen emails and found no evidence of wrong doing. | The Office of the Inspector General (OIG) of the National Science Foundation closed an investigation on 15 August 2011 that exonerated Michael Mann of Pennsylvania State University of charges of scientific misconduct. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climatic Research Unit email controversy |
1,024 | “CO2 is certainly a heat-trapping greenhouse gas, but hardly the primary one: Water vapor accounts for about 95 percent of greenhouse gases. | At present, the primary source of CO 2 emissions is the burning of coal, natural gas, and petroleum for electricity and heat. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Greenhouse gas |
2,093 | Through its impacts on the climate, CO2 presents a danger to public health and welfare, and thus qualifies as an air pollutant | Climate change will impact agriculture and food production around the world due to the effects of elevated CO2 in the atmosphere, higher temperatures, altered precipitation and transpiration regimes, increased frequency of extreme events, and modified weed, pest, and pathogen pressure. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Effects of global warming |
1,381 | It projects that temperatures are likely to be anything from 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by the latter part of the century | A temperature interval of 1 °F is equal to an interval of 5⁄9 degrees Celsius. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Fahrenheit |
1,473 | A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets. | The effects of global warming in the Arctic, or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly, observed since the 1970s. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change in the Arctic |
1,539 | Climate change is due to cosmic rays. | The primary goal is to understand the influence of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) on aerosols and clouds, and their implications for climate. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | CLOUD experiment |
519 | Since then, the planet has been cooling on a millennial scale | The rate of Arctic cooling is roughly 0.02 °C per century. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Little Ice Age |
1,551 | We're coming out of the Little Ice Age. | Producer Avi Arad said, "The biggest opportunity with Captain America is as a man 'out of time', coming back today, looking at our world through the eyes of someone who thought the perfect world was small-town United States. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Captain America: The First Avenger |
1,660 | The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over. | How much does that cost the US (excluding the benefit of the reduced externality)? | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon price |
72 | [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...] | Eats, Shoots & Leaves, 2003. p. 139. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Question mark |
5 | The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists | The persistently cold, wet weather caused great hardship, was primarily responsible for the Great Famine of 1315–1317, and strongly contributed to the weakened immunity and malnutrition leading up to the Black Death (1348–1350). | SUPPORTS | entailment | Winter |
1,181 | However, there is a process of accretion, where coral broken up by the waves washes up on these low-lying islands as sand, counteracting the reduction in land mass. | Over time, corals fragment and die, sand and rubble accumulates between the corals, and the shells of clams and other molluscs decay to form a gradually evolving calcium carbonate structure. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Coral |
381 | [subsidies for wind and solar] add to emissions because coal-fired electricity needs to be on standby for when there is no wind or sunshine. | The Solar updraft tower (SUT) is a renewable-energy power plant for generating electricity from low temperature solar heat. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Renewable energy commercialization |
3,084 | "the temperature increase in the second half of the 20th century could have taken place in steps driven by major ENSO events" (Jens Raunsø Jensen) | The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | 20th century |
1,617 | IPCC human-caused global warming attribution confidence is unfounded. | The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by the scientific community, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: Scientific consensus on climate change). | REFUTES | contradiction | Attribution of recent climate change |
1,303 | No one ever says it, but in many ways global warming will be a good thing | Even if the current and future projected human effects on Earth's climate are not negligible, the changes are generally going to be good for us. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate change denial |
2,509 | In 1905, PDO switched to a warm phase. | 1924/1925: PDO changed to a "warm" phase. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Pacific decadal oscillation |
2,822 | Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007. | The Hitler Diaries (German: Hitler-Tagebücher) were a series of sixty volumes of journals purportedly written by Adolf Hitler, but forged by Konrad Kujau between 1981 and 1983. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Hitler Diaries |
44 | Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. | Seventy-five of 77 believed that human activity is a significant factor in changing mean global temperatures. | REFUTES | contradiction | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,320 | While the Medieval Warm Period saw unusually warm temperatures in some regions, globally the planet was cooler than current conditions. | Global temperature records taken from ice cores, tree rings, and lake deposits, have shown that the Earth may have been slightly cooler globally (by 0.03 °C) than in the early and mid-20th century. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Medieval Warm Period |
499 | The monetary cost of damages has increased dramatically in recent decades, but that is due to increasing population, wealth and the amount of vulnerable infrastructure. | Others note that while the economy had stabilized and was growing by the late 1980s, inequality widened: nearly 45% of the population had fallen into poverty while the wealthiest 10% had seen their incomes rise by 83%. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Neoliberalism |
770 | [CO2] has increased 43 percent above the pre-industrial level so far | Measured atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are currently 100 ppm higher than pre-industrial levels. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Greenhouse gas |
31 | Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory | The eruptions would also have emitted carbon dioxide, causing global warming. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Permian–Triassic extinction event |