Datasets:

bnsapa

/

cybersecurity-ner

like 2

[ "XLoader", "can", "also", "hijack", "the", "infected", "device", "(", "i.e.", ",", "send", "SMSs", ")", "and", "sports", "self-protection/persistence", "mechanisms", "through", "device", "administrator", "privileges", "." ]

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[ "Infection", "Chain", "As", "with", "our", "earlier", "reports", "in", "late", "March", ",", "the", "attack", "chain", "involves", "diverting", "internet", "traffic", "to", "attacker-specified", "domains", "by", "compromising", "and", "overwriting", "the", "router", "’", "s", "DNS", "settings", "." ]

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[ "A", "fake", "alert", "will", "notify", "and", "urge", "the", "user", "to", "access", "the", "malicious", "domain", "and", "download", "XLoader", "." ]

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[ "Technical", "Analysis", "XLoader", "first", "loads", "the", "encrypted", "payload", "from", "Assets/db", "as", "test.dex", "to", "drop", "the", "necessary", "modules", "then", "requests", "for", "device", "administrator", "privileges", "." ]

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[ "Once", "granted", "permission", ",", "it", "hides", "its", "icon", "from", "the", "launcher", "application", "list", "then", "starts", "a", "service", "that", "it", "keeps", "running", "in", "the", "background", "." ]

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[ "The", "background", "service", "uses", "the", "reflection", "technique", "(", "a", "feature", "that", "allows", "the", "inspection", "and", "modification", "of", "Java-based", "programs", "’", "internal", "properties", ")", "to", "invoke", "the", "method", "com.Loader.start", "in", "the", "payload", "." ]

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[ "Monitoring", "Broadcast", "Events", "XLoader", "registers", "many", "broadcast", "receivers", "in", "the", "payload", "dynamically", "(", "to", "monitor", "broadcast", "events", "sent", "between", "system", "and", "applications", ")", "." ]

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[ "Registering", "broadcast", "receivers", "enable", "XLoader", "to", "trigger", "its", "malicious", "routines", "." ]

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[ "Here", "is", "a", "list", "of", "broadcast", "actions", ":", "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED", "android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE", "android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED", "android.intent.action.USER_PRESENT", "android.intent.action.PHONE_STATE", "android.net.wifi.SCAN_RESULTS", "android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ADDED", "android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED", "android.intent.action.SCREEN_OFF", "android.intent.action.SCREEN_ON", "android.media.RINGER_MODE_CHANGED", "android.sms.msg.action.SMS_SEND", "android.sms.msg.action.SMS_DELIVERED", "Creating", "a", "Web", "Server", "to", "Phish", "XLoader", "creates", "a", "provisional", "web", "server", "to", "receive", "the", "broadcast", "events", "." ]

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[ "It", "can", "also", "create", "a", "simple", "HTTP", "server", "on", "the", "infected", "device", "to", "deceive", "victims", "." ]

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[ "It", "shows", "a", "web", "phishing", "page", "whenever", "the", "affected", "device", "receives", "a", "broadcast", "event", "(", "i.e.", ",", "if", "a", "new", "package", "is", "installed", "or", "if", "the", "device", "’", "s", "screen", "is", "on", ")", "to", "steal", "personal", "data", ",", "such", "as", "those", "keyed", "in", "for", "banking", "apps", "." ]

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[ "It", "will", "appear", "differently", "to", "users", "depending", "on", "the", "language", "set", "on", "the", "device", "." ]

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[ "XLoader", "as", "Spyware", "and", "Banking", "Trojan", "XLoader", "can", "also", "collect", "information", "related", "to", "usage", "of", "apps", "installed", "in", "the", "device", "." ]

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[ "Its", "data-stealing", "capabilities", "include", "collecting", "SMSs", "after", "receiving", "an", "SMS-related", "broadcast", "event", "and", "covertly", "recording", "phone", "calls", "." ]

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[ "XLoader", "can", "also", "hijack", "accounts", "linked", "to", "financial", "or", "game-related", "apps", "installed", "on", "the", "affected", "device", "." ]

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[ "XLoader", "can", "also", "start", "other", "attacker-specified", "packages", "." ]

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[ "A", "possible", "attack", "scenario", "involves", "replacing", "legitimate", "apps", "with", "repackaged", "or", "malicious", "versions", "." ]

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[ "By", "monitoring", "the", "package", "installation", "broadcast", "event", ",", "XLoader", "can", "start", "their", "packages", "." ]

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[ "This", "enables", "it", "to", "launch", "malicious", "apps", "without", "the", "user", "’", "s", "awareness", "and", "explicit", "consent", "." ]

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[ "We", "reverse", "engineered", "XLoader", "and", "found", "that", "it", "appears", "to", "target", "South", "Korea-based", "banks", "and", "game", "development", "companies", "." ]

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[ "XLoader", "also", "prevents", "victims", "from", "accessing", "the", "device", "’", "s", "settings", "or", "using", "a", "known", "antivirus", "(", "AV", ")", "app", "in", "the", "country", "." ]

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[ "XLoader", "can", "also", "load", "multiple", "malicious", "modules", "to", "receive", "and", "execute", "commands", "from", "its", "remote", "command-and-control", "(", "C", "&", "C", ")", "server", ",", "as", "shown", "below", ":", "Here", "’", "s", "a", "list", "of", "the", "modules", "and", "their", "functions", ":", "sendSms", "—", "send", "SMS/MMS", "to", "a", "specified", "address", "setWifi", "—", "enable", "or", "disable", "Wi-Fi", "connection", "gcont", "—", "collect", "all", "the", "device", "’", "s", "contacts", "lock", "—", "currently", "just", "an", "input", "lock", "status", "in", "the", "settings", "(", "pref", ")", "file", ",", "but", "may", "be", "used", "as", "a", "screenlocking", "ransomware", "bc", "—", "collect", "all", "contacts", "from", "the", "Android", "device", "and", "SIM", "card", "setForward", "—", "currently", "not", "implemented", ",", "but", "can", "be", "used", "to", "hijack", "the", "infected", "device", "getForward", "—", "currently", "not", "implemented", ",", "but", "can", "be", "used", "to", "hijack", "the", "infected", "device", "hasPkg", "—", "check", "the", "device", "whether", "a", "specified", "app", "is", "installed", "or", "not", "setRingerMode", "—", "set", "the", "device", "’", "s", "ringer", "mode", "setRecEnable", "—", "set", "the", "device", "’", "s", "ringer", "mode", "as", "silent", "reqState", "—", "get", "a", "detailed", "phone", "connection", "status", ",", "which", "includes", "activated", "network", "and", "Wi-Fi", "(", "with", "or", "without", "password", ")", "showHome", "—", "force", "the", "device", "’", "s", "back", "to", "the", "home", "screen", "getnpki", ":", "get", "files/content", "from", "the", "folder", "named", "NPKI", "(", "contains", "certificates", "related", "to", "financial", "transactions", ")", "http", "—", "access", "a", "specified", "network", "using", "HttpURLConnection", "onRecordAction", "—", "simulate", "a", "number-dialed", "tone", "call", "—", "call", "a", "specified", "number", "get_apps", "—", "get", "all", "the", "apps", "installed", "on", "the", "device", "show_fs_float_window", "—", "show", "a", "full-screen", "window", "for", "phishing", "Of", "note", "is", "XLoader", "’", "s", "abuse", "of", "the", "WebSocket", "protocol", "(", "supported", "in", "many", "browsers", "and", "web", "applications", ")", "via", "ws", "(", "WebSockets", ")", "or", "wss", "(", "WebSockets", "over", "SSL/TLS", ")", "to", "communicate", "with", "its", "C", "&", "C", "servers", "." ]

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[ "Mitigations", "XLoader", "will", "not", "download", "malicious", "apps", "if", "the", "Android", "device", "uses", "a", "mobile", "data", "connection", "." ]

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[ "Employ", "stronger", "credentials", ",", "for", "instance", ",", "to", "make", "them", "less", "susceptible", "to", "unauthorized", "access", "." ]

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[ "Regularly", "update", "and", "patch", "the", "router", "’", "s", "software", "and", "firmware", "to", "prevent", "exploits", ",", "and", "enable", "its", "built-in", "firewall", "." ]

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[ "For", "system", "administrators", "and", "information", "security", "professionals", ",", "configuring", "the", "router", "to", "be", "more", "resistant", "to", "attacks", "like", "DNS", "cache", "poisoning", "can", "help", "mitigate", "similar", "threats", "." ]

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[ "We", "have", "worked", "with", "Google", "and", "they", "ensure", "that", "Google", "Play", "Protect", "proactively", "catches", "apps", "of", "this", "nature", "." ]

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[ "No", "instances", "of", "these", "apps", "were", "found", "in", "Google", "Play", "." ]

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[ "And", "TikTok", "is", "no", "exception", "." ]

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[ "]", "cc/TiktokPro", "." ]

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[ "]", "cc/TiktokPro", "." ]

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[ "It", "also", "starts", "an", "Android", "service", "named", "MainService", "." ]

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[ "The", "conditions", "to", "build", "an", "additional", "payload", "are", "never", "met", "." ]

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[ "It", "is", "also", "possible", "that", "this", "functionality", "is", "under", "development", ",", "making", "this", "placeholder", "code", "incomplete", "." ]

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[ "Android", "services", "are", "components", "that", "can", "be", "made", "to", "execute", "independently", "in", "the", "background", "without", "the", "victim", "'s", "knowledge", "." ]

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[ "MainService", "is", "the", "brain", "of", "this", "spyware", "and", "controls", "almost", "everything—from", "stealing", "the", "victim", "'s", "data", "to", "deleting", "it", "." ]

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[ "All", "of", "its", "capabilities", "are", "discussed", "later", "in", "this", "blog", "." ]

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[ "Hide", "Icon", "Figure", "3", ":", "Code", "showing", "the", "hiding", "icon", "and", "starting", "service", "." ]

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[ "Broadcast", "receivers", "are", "components", "that", "allow", "you", "to", "register", "for", "various", "Android", "events", "." ]

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[ "In", "this", "case", ",", "it", "registers", "three", "broadcast", "receivers", ":", "MyReceiver", "-", "Triggers", "when", "the", "device", "is", "booted", "." ]

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[ "AlarmReceiver", "-", "Triggers", "every", "three", "minutes", "." ]

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[ "MyReceiver", "and", "AlarmReceiver", "start", "the", "MainService", "whenever", "appropriate", "events", "occur", "." ]

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[ "Figure", "4", "shows", "MyReceiver", "in", "action", "where", "it", "eventually", "calls", "the", "MainService", "service", "." ]

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[ "Broadcast", "Receiver", "Figure", "4", ":", "MyReceiver", "broadcast", "receiver", "." ]

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[ "The", "InterceptCall", "receiver", "is", "triggered", "whenever", "there", "is", "an", "incoming", "or", "outgoing", "call", "." ]

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[ "MainService", "is", "the", "central", "controller", "of", "this", "spyware", "." ]

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[ "This", "functionality", "can", "be", "seen", "in", "Figure", "6", "." ]

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[ "TimerTask", "Figure", "6", ":", "The", "timer", "task", "." ]

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