Datasets:

bnsapa

/

cybersecurity-ner

like 2

[ "It", "has", "several", "protections", "in", "place", ",", "both", "in", "the", "C2", "and", "the", "malware", "'s", "code", "." ]

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[ "The", "code", "is", "not", "only", "obfuscated", "but", "also", "packed", "." ]

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[ "The", "packer", ",", "besides", "making", "the", "static", "analysis", "more", "complex", ",", "will", "break", "the", "standard", "debugger", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Manifest", "activity", "declaration", "Class", "list", "inside", "the", "dex", "file", "The", "main", "malware", "classes", "are", "packed", ",", "to", "a", "point", "where", "the", "class", "defined", "in", "the", "manifest", "has", "a", "handler", "for", "the", "MAIN", "category", "that", "does", "not", "exist", "in", "the", "DEX", "file", "." ]

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[ "Error", "when", "trying", "to", "debug", "the", "malware", "using", "the", "Android", "Studio", "IDE", "." ]

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[ "One", "of", "the", "side", "effects", "of", "this", "packer", "is", "the", "inability", "of", "Android", "Studio", "IDE", "to", "debug", "the", "code", "." ]

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[ "This", "happens", "because", "the", "IDE", "executes", "the", "code", "from", "the", "Android", "debug", "bridge", "(", "ADB", ")", "by", "calling", "the", "activity", "declared", "in", "the", "manifest", "by", "name", "." ]

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[ "Since", "the", "class", "does", "not", "exist", "at", "startup", ",", "the", "application", "does", "not", "run", "on", "the", "debugger", "." ]

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[ "Although", "Talos", "analyzed", "the", "unpacked", "version", "of", "the", "code", ",", "the", "packer", "analysis", "is", "beyond", "the", "scope", "of", "this", "post", "." ]

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[ "Check", "code", "for", "emulators", "As", "part", "of", "its", "defense", ",", "the", "malware", "payload", "first", "checks", "for", "emulators", "to", "prevent", "analysis", "on", "sandboxes", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "It", "checks", "for", "different", "kinds", "of", "emulators", ",", "including", "QEMU", ",", "Genymotion", ",", "BlueStacks", "and", "Bignox", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10, 3, 10, 3, 10, 3, 10 ]

[ "If", "the", "malware", "determines", "that", "is", "not", "running", "on", "an", "emulator", ",", "it", "then", "performs", "additional", "checks", "to", "ensure", "that", "it", "wo", "n't", "be", "detected", "." ]

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[ "Code", "to", "check", "the", "existence", "of", "SafetyNet", "Google", "API", "It", "also", "checks", "if", "the", "Android", "SafetyNet", "is", "active", "and", "reporting", "back", "to", "the", "C2", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "This", "helps", "the", "C2", "define", "what", "actions", "it", "can", "do", "before", "being", "detected", "on", "the", "mobile", "device", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "List", "of", "anti-virus", "packages", "that", "are", "checked", "The", "payload", "goes", "a", "long", "way", "to", "protect", "itself", "and", "checks", "for", "anti-virus", "software", "installed", "on", "the", "mobile", "device", "." ]

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[ "The", "trojan", "uses", "the", "Android", "Accessibility", "API", "to", "intercept", "all", "interactions", "between", "the", "user", "and", "the", "mobile", "device", "." ]

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[ "The", "Android", "developer", "documentation", "describes", "the", "accessibility", "event", "class", "as", "a", "class", "that", "\"", "represents", "accessibility", "events", "that", "are", "seen", "by", "the", "system", "when", "something", "notable", "happens", "in", "the", "user", "interface", "." ]

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[ "For", "example", ",", "when", "a", "button", "is", "clicked", ",", "a", "view", "is", "focused", ",", "etc", "." ]

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[ "''", "For", "each", "interaction", ",", "the", "malware", "will", "check", "if", "the", "generator", "is", "a", "package", "that", "belongs", "to", "the", "anti-virus", "list", ",", "the", "malware", "will", "abuse", "another", "feature", "of", "the", "Accessibility", "API", "." ]

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[ "There", "is", "a", "function", "called", "\"", "performGlobalAction", "''", "with", "the", "description", "below", "." ]

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[ "Android", "documentation", "describes", "that", "function", "as", "\"", "a", "global", "action", "." ]

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[ "Such", "an", "action", "can", "be", "performed", "at", "any", "moment", ",", "regardless", "of", "the", "current", "application", "or", "user", "location", "in", "that", "application", "." ]

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[ "For", "example", ",", "going", "back", ",", "going", "home", ",", "opening", "recents", ",", "etc", "." ]

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[ "''", "The", "trojan", "calls", "this", "function", "with", "the", "action", "GLOBAL_ACTION_BACK", ",", "which", "equals", "the", "pressing", "of", "the", "back", "button", "on", "the", "device", ",", "thus", "canceling", "the", "opening", "of", "the", "anti-virus", "application", "." ]

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[ "The", "same", "event", "interception", "is", "used", "to", "place", "the", "webview", "overlay", "when", "the", "user", "tries", "to", "access", "the", "targeted", "applications", ",", "allowing", "it", "to", "display", "its", "overlay", ",", "thus", "intercepting", "the", "credentials", "." ]

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[ "The", "beaconing", "only", "starts", "after", "the", "application", "is", "installed", "and", "removed", "from", "the", "running", "tasks", "." ]

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[ "Beaconing", "information", "The", "ID", "is", "generated", "for", "each", "installation", "of", "the", "malware", ",", "while", "the", "token", "remains", "unique", "." ]

[ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 ]

[ "Some", "of", "the", "checks", "performed", "previously", "are", "immediately", "sent", "to", "the", "C2", ",", "like", "the", "safetyNet", ",", "admin", "and", "defaultSMSApp", "." ]

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[ "The", "beaconing", "is", "sent", "to", "the", "URL", "http", ":", "//", "/api/v2/get.php", "with", "an", "interval", "of", "60", "seconds", "." ]

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[ "Answer", "from", "the", "C2", "The", "C2", "will", "check", "the", "country", "field", ",", "if", "it", "'s", "empty", "or", "if", "the", "country", "is", "not", "targeted", ",", "it", "will", "reply", "with", "a", "\"", "Unauthorized", "''", "answer", "." ]

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[ "Otherwise", ",", "it", "will", "return", "a", "JSON", "encoded", "\"", "OK", ",", "''", "and", "if", "that", "is", "the", "case", ",", "the", "command", "to", "be", "executed", "." ]

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[ "List", "of", "available", "commands", "The", "command", "names", "are", "self-explanatory", "." ]

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[ "The", "command", "will", "be", "issued", "as", "an", "answer", "to", "the", "beaconing", ",", "and", "the", "result", "will", "be", "returned", "to", "the", "URL", "http", ":", "//", "/api/v2/set_state.php", "Example", "of", "the", "command", "\"", "changeServer", "''", "The", "commands", "are", "issued", "in", "a", "JSON", "format", ",", "and", "the", "obfuscation", "is", "part", "of", "the", "malware", "code", "and", "not", "added", "by", "the", "packer", "." ]

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[ "It", "is", "a", "custom", "obfuscation", "partly", "based", "on", "base85", "encoding", ",", "which", "is", "in", "itself", "unusual", ",", "in", "malware", "." ]

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[ "Base85", "encoding", "is", "usually", "used", "on", "pdf", "and", "postscript", "documentsThe", "configuration", "of", "the", "malware", "is", "stored", "in", "custom", "preferences", "files", ",", "using", "the", "same", "obfuscation", "scheme", "." ]

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[ "Activation", "cycle", "As", "we", "have", "explained", "above", ",", "the", "malware", "has", "several", "defence", "mechanisms", "." ]

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[ "Beside", "the", "obfuscation", "and", "the", "environment", "checks", ",", "the", "malware", "also", "has", "some", "interesting", "anti-sandbox", "mechanisms", "." ]

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[ "After", "installation", ",", "the", "user", "needs", "to", "run", "the", "application", "." ]

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[ "The", "user", "needs", "to", "press", "the", "\"", "close", "''", "button", "to", "finish", "the", "installation", "." ]

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[ "However", ",", "this", "wo", "n't", "close", "the", "application", ",", "it", "will", "send", "it", "to", "the", "background", ",", "instead", "." ]

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[ "While", "the", "application", "is", "in", "the", "background", ",", "although", "the", "service", "is", "already", "running", ",", "the", "beaconing", "will", "not", "start", "." ]

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[ "The", "beaconing", "will", "only", "start", "after", "the", "application", "is", "removed", "from", "the", "background", ",", "ultimately", "stopping", "it", "." ]

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[ "This", "will", "be", "the", "trigger", "for", "the", "service", "to", "start", "the", "beaconing", "." ]

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[ "As", "mentioned", "previously", ",", "the", "beaconing", "is", "done", "every", "60", "seconds", "." ]

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[ "However", ",", "no", "command", "is", "received", "from", "the", "C2", "until", "the", "inactiveTime", "field", "(", "see", "beaconing", "information", "image", "above", ")", "has", "at", "least", "the", "value", "of", "2000000", "." ]

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[ "This", "time", "resets", "every", "time", "the", "user", "performs", "some", "activity", "." ]

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[ "After", "the", "checks", ",", "the", "malware", "becomes", "active", ",", "but", "first", ",", "it", "goes", "through", "seven", "steps", ",", "each", "one", "calling", "a", "different", "command", ":", "uploadPhoneNumbers", ":", "Exfiltrates", "all", "phone", "numbers", "that", "are", "in", "the", "contact", "list", "." ]

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[ "Aside", "from", "the", "natural", "value", "of", "phone", "numbers", "associated", "with", "the", "names", "of", "their", "owners", "." ]

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[ "Using", "the", "SMS", "has", "an", "initial", "infection", "vector", "is", "another", "possibility", "for", "the", "exfiltration", "." ]

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[ "One", "of", "the", "purposes", "of", "the", "exfiltration", "of", "the", "contact", "list", "is", "to", "use", "them", "to", "attack", "other", "victims", "using", "SMS", "as", "an", "initial", "vector", "." ]

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[ "checkApps", ":", "Asks", "the", "malware", "to", "see", "if", "the", "packages", "sent", "as", "parameters", "are", "installed", "." ]

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[ "The", "malware", "contains", "a", "list", "of", "209", "packages", "hardcoded", "in", "its", "source", "code", "." ]

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[ "However", ",", "the", "C2", "can", "send", "an", "updated", "list", "." ]

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[ "List", "of", "packages", "received", "from", "the", "C2", "adminNumber", ":", "Setup", "of", "the", "admin", "phone", "number", "." ]

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[ "In", "our", "case", ",", "the", "administrator", "phone", "number", "belongs", "to", "a", "mobile", "network", "in", "Australia", "." ]

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[ "Phone", "number", "for", "administration", "changeServer", ":", "At", "this", "point", ",", "the", "malware", "changes", "the", "C2", "to", "a", "new", "host", ",", "even", "though", "the", "API", "and", "communication", "protocol", "continues", "to", "be", "the", "same", "." ]

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[ "Change", "server", "request", "The", "URL", "'s", "for", "the", "new", "server", "is", "obfuscated", ",", "preventing", "easy", "network", "identification", "." ]

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[ "changeActivity", ":", "This", "command", "will", "set", "up", "the", "webview", "to", "overlay", "any", "of", "the", "target", "activities", "." ]

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[ "changeActivity", "command", "The", "webview", "injects", "are", "not", "hosted", "on", "the", "C2", ",", "they", "are", "hosted", "on", "a", "completely", "different", "server", "." ]

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[ "params", ":", "This", "command", "allows", "the", "malicious", "operator", "to", "change", "configuration", "parameters", "in", "the", "malware", "." ]

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[ "During", "this", "stage", "of", "the", "activation", "cycle", ",", "the", "malware", "increases", "the", "beaconing", "time", "to", "avoid", "detection", "." ]

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[ "Command", "to", "change", "the", "beaconing", "changeArchive", ":", "The", "final", "command", "of", "the", "activation", "cycle", "is", "the", "download", "of", "an", "archive", "." ]

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[ "This", "archive", "is", "stored", "in", "the", "same", "host", "has", "the", "webviews", "." ]

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[ "The", "archive", "is", "a", "ZIP", "containing", "several", "files", ",", "which", "is", "protected", "with", "a", "password", "." ]

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[ "Change", "archive", "command", "After", "this", "activation", "cycle", ",", "the", "malware", "will", "start", "the", "collection", "of", "information", "activities", "and", "dissemination", "." ]

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[ "Malicious", "activity", "Once", "the", "activation", "cycle", "ends", ",", "the", "trojan", "will", "start", "its", "malicious", "activities", "." ]

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[ "These", "activities", "depend", "on", "the", "device", "configuration", "." ]

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[ "Depending", "if", "the", "victim", "has", "any", "of", "the", "targeted", "applications", ",", "the", "anti-virus", "installed", "or", "geographic", "location", ",", "the", "malware", "can", "harvest", "credentials", "from", "the", "targeted", "applications", ",", "exfiltrate", "all", "personal", "information", "or", "simply", "use", "the", "victim", "'s", "device", "to", "send", "SMS", "to", "spread", "the", "trojan", "The", "malware", "deploys", "overlaying", "webviews", "to", "trick", "the", "user", "and", "eventually", "steal", "their", "login", "credentials", "." ]

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[ "These", "are", "adapted", "to", "the", "information", "the", "malicious", "operator", "wants", "to", "retrieve", "." ]

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[ "The", "first", "webview", "overlay", "is", "created", "on", "step", "6", "of", "the", "activation", "cycle", "." ]

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[ "Pin", "request", "overlay", "This", "overlay", "asks", "the", "user", "to", "provide", "their", "PIN", "to", "unlock", "the", "mobile", "device", ",", "which", "is", "immediately", "exfiltrated", "to", "the", "C2", "." ]

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[ "The", "last", "step", "of", "the", "activation", "cycle", "is", "the", "download", "of", "a", "password-protected", "ZIP", "file", "." ]

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