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70096519

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firas%20Zahabi

Firas Zahabi

Firas Zahabi (born February 5, 1980) is a Canadian martial artist who is the owner and head coach at Tristar Gym. Zahabi is known for his work with mixed martial artist, Georges St-Pierre. Early life Zahabi was born on February 5, 1980, in Quebec, Canada. His parents were Lebanese emigrants. Growing up, Zahabi and his brothers were mainly interested in American Football. It wasn't until 1998 when Zahabi turned 18, that he was exposed to martial arts. Zahabi became interested in martial arts after watching UFC 2 where Royce Gracie defeated all his opponents using Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ). Zahabi attended Concordia University where he graduated with a degree in Philosophy with a specialization in the Ancient Greeks. Martial arts career In 2000, Zahabi joined Tristar Gym where he in trained BJJ and Muay Thai. After just six months, Zahabi earned a Blue Belt in BJJ and became a part time coach at the gym. A few years later, Zahabi met John Danaher and would frequently make trips to Renzo Gracie Academy in New York City in order to train with him. In 2011, Zahabi received his Black Belt in BJJ from Danaher himself. Because Zahabi was studying at University, he was not able to compete extensively. Nonetheless he became a Canadian Amateur Muay Thai Champion and also won a few provincial-level grappling competitions. He also fought in some amateur unregulated mixed martial arts bouts. The organization was called Full Contact Jiu-Jitsu where Zahabi became champion Coaching career In 2007, Conrad Pla the owner of Tristar Gym became too busy to run the gym so it handed over to Zahabi to run. In 2008, the gym was sold to Zahabi and he became the new owner. Zahabi has since then trained many different fighters under Tristar Gym. His coaching style is focused on technique in a very controlled manner. Fighters will not go all-out during training sessions as he considers it not an effective way to train as recovery is considered important. Zahabi's most notable student is Georges St-Pierre.The two of them met when they were amateur fighters. After becoming champion, Zahabi decided to become a coach to St-Pierre. After UFC 69 where St-Pierre lost the UFC Welterweight title to Matt Serra, Zahabi became St-Pierre's main coach for the rest of his career. In April 2021, Zahabi was involved in an incident involving the Montreal police. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the police would regularly visit Tristar Gym to verify it was conforming to public health regulations. After sixteen visits in the past year, on April 9, Zahabi refused to allow the police to come in for the third time on that day. As a result the police waited outside the gym causing a disturbance for hours until the issue was eventually resolve between the two parties. MMA commentary and television Zahabi and UFC hall of famer Stephan Bonnar provided the commentary for all Titan FC events broadcast by CBS Sports in 2014. Zahabi was the MMA coach on The Ultimate Fighter: Team GSP vs. Team Koscheck, of the UFC‐produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter. Personal life Zahabi is the older brother of UFC bantamweight fighter Aiemann Zahabi. Zahabi is married to Melissa Gendron who he met during university. They have three children which include two sons and one daughter. Instructor lineage Kano Jigoro → Tomita Tsunejiro → Mitsuyo Maeda → Carlos Gracie, Sr. → Helio Gracie → Rolls Gracie → Carlos Gracie, Jr. → Renzo Gracie → John Danaher → Firas Zahabi Notable fighters trained Georges St-Pierre - Former UFC Middleweight Champion, Former UFC Welterweight Champion, UFC Hall of Frame Robert Whittaker - Former UFC Middleweight Champion Vitor Belfort - Former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Rory MacDonald - Former Bellator Welterweight champion, Former UFC Welterweight Title Challenger Miguel Torres - Former WEC Bantamweight Champion Kenny Florian - Former UFC 2-Time Lightweight and Featherweight Title Challenger David Loiseau - Former UFC Middleweight Title Contender Denis Kang - 2006 Pride Welterweight Grand Prix Runner-Up See also Tristar Gym References 1980 births Living people Canadian male mixed martial artists Canadian practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu Sportspeople from Quebec Canadian people of Lebanese descent

70097267

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murders%20of%20Jacqueline%20Ansell-Lamb%20and%20Barbara%20Mayo

Murders of Jacqueline Ansell-Lamb and Barbara Mayo

Jacqueline Susan Ansell-Lamb (21 September 1951 – 14 March 1970) and Barbara Janet Mayo (c. March 1946 – 12 October 1970) were two young women who were murdered in separate incidents in 1970. Both women were last seen hitch-hiking along motorways in England, and both were raped before being strangled to death. Although the murders occurred seven months apart and a considerable distance from each other, investigators suspected both murders were committed by the same perpetrator. Links between the two murders are often erroneously reported to have been proven via DNA testing, and although detectives announced the women's murders were likely linked in 1990, a DNA profile was not isolated in either case until 1997, and only in the case of Mayo. Despite numerous public appeals for information and reconstructions, both murders remain unsolved. The perpetrator(s) of the murders of Ansell-Lamb and Mayo is sometimes referred to as the Monster of the Motorway or the Motorway Monster. Murders Ansell-Lamb Jacqueline "Jacqi" Ansell-Lamb was an 18-year-old secretary who worked in Manchester, and who was described as "very much a 60s teenager". On the weekend of 7–8 March 1970, she had spent time collecting belongings from her old house in London, and had attended a party in Earl's Court, where she met a young man. On Sunday, 8 March 1970, she attempted to hitch-hike back to Manchester from London. She had been given a lift by the man she had met at Earl's Court to one of the slip roads of the M1 motorway in London, where she intended to hitch a lift northwards. She then shared a lift with another man 50 miles up the M1 to Buckinghamshire. How she travelled further north from there wasn't known. Ansell-Lamb was reported missing on 9 March when she didn't turn up in Manchester. On the day she disappeared, she was wearing a blonde wig, false eyelashes, a dark blue coat and maroon shoes. She was carrying a Japan Airlines bag, because the initials of the company were the same as hers. The last place Ansell-Lamb was positively seen was at a transport café named the Opera Café at High Legh, just off Junction 20 of the M6 motorway near Warrington in Cheshire. Between 9pm and 10pm she was seen in the café in the company of a man. A number of witnesses sighted her there including a chef, Delia Brown, who said that a man came through the door, went up to Ansell-Lamb and then came to order two coffees. Brown said that she then saw him sitting with her talking. The man was described as smartly dressed in "business-like" clothing. The pair left together and she got into the man's car. It is believed the car may have been a white Jaguar. A final unconfirmed sighting of Ansell-Lamb put her thumbing for a lift on the A556 road, one mile from where her body was found. On 14 March, the partially clothed body of Ansell-Lamb was found by a ten-year-old boy and his father as they walked through woodland in Mere, Cheshire, just off the M6 motorway, near the café she was last seen at. She had been sexually assaulted and strangled. Her body had been posed. She had bruises and cuts on her neck and face which indicated she had fought with her attacker. Mayo Barbara Mayo was a 24-year-old schoolteacher who lived in Hammersmith, London. On 12 October 1970 she set off to hitch-hike to Catterick, North Yorkshire to pick up her boyfriend's car, which had broken down there. She did not turn up and two days after she left London her boyfriend reported her missing. She was last seen wearing a navy-blue coat, lilac jersey and gold and tan slacks. She was thought to have been carrying her red bag with her. Four days later a family out walking in an isolated wood just off the M1 motorway at Ault Hucknall near Chesterfield, Derbyshire discovered her partially clothed body under a pile of leaves. She had been raped, battered around the head and strangled to death with a length of flex. She was found next to a lovers' lane named Hodmire Lane. Despite a detailed search her bag containing her purse was not recovered and was never found. The media dubbed the killer of Mayo the "Monster of the Motorway" or the "Motorway Monster". The murder became infamous and was later described by investigating officers as being "well and truly ingrained into local folklore". Police investigations Initial inquiries A massive police hunt was launched by Cheshire Police after Ansell-Lamb's murder, involving 120 officers. Investigators soon determined that neither the man Ansell-Lamb had met in Earl's Court nor any of her any other male associates could have been responsible for the murder. As many fans of Manchester City were known to have travelled along the M6 from London to Manchester on the weekend on Ansell-Lamb's murder, investigators theorized her killer could have been one of these individuals. The brutal killing of Mayo led to what was described as Britain's "biggest ever motorway hunt". The investigation into her murder was led by Detective Chief Superintendent Chris Pollard from Scotland Yard, as Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire police had limited resources. 1,500 police officers quizzed more than 125,000 people on motorways and took nearly 50,000 statements. In an unprecedented move, police set up checkpoints across 150 miles of the M1 between London and Leeds to ask drivers if they had any information, although this was not done until two weeks after the murder. For a whole day every vehicle at every junction along the 150-mile length of the motorway was stopped and checked. Officers then launched a publicity campaign with posters pasted all over Britain. It was believed that some men who might have given lifts to female hitch-hikers at the time had not come forward because they did not want their wives to know, and police appealed to them by saying that their wives would not be told if they came forward with information. A reconstruction was broadcast on television a week after the motorway checkpoints were set up, covering Mayo's last known movements from her home in Hammersmith to the M1 motorway. The reconstruction led to 700 members of the public coming forward to say they had sighted Mayo. A significant sighting came from a man who said he was certain he had seen Mayo or a girl fitting her description at 4pm on 12 October, thumbing for a lift and then getting into a white Morris Traveller at Kimberley, Nottinghamshire. This was less than twenty miles from where she was found dead and was located just off Junction 26 of the M1 motorway. The witness said he had driven past her thumbing for a lift, not being able to pick her up as he had others in the car, and said that he saw in his rear-view mirror her being picked up by a Morris Traveller which he had seen parked nearby moments earlier. The driver was described as being between 30 and 35 years old, of medium build with mousy hair brushed forward. The witness said the vehicle followed behind him heading towards the M1, and after both cars joined the motorway he soon lost sight of the vehicle. Police believed the driver was her killer. At that time 100,000 Morris Travellers were on the road in Britain, and each owner had to be traced and eliminated. Each driver of Morris Travellers in the country was spoken to. Despite this, the driver of the Morris Traveller seen never came forward. Another notable witness who came forward after the reconstruction was a butcher from Kimberley who said that he thought she had come into his shop then walked down the hill towards the main road. No-one came forward to say they had given a lift to Mayo that day, which was unusual as someone had to have driven her out of London to Kimberley. Several 'courting couples' were known to have been in the area where Mayo was found at the time she was dumped there, but none of them came forward either. The records of 28,000 criminals were checked and 76,000 leads were looked into. Mayo was known to have caught the Tube from Hammersmith to Hendon and then had thumbed for a lift on the M1. It is believed 250,000 motorists were using the northbound carriageway on the M1 between the time Mayo left London and 14 October. At that time Mayo's murder inquiry was the largest investigation ever mounted by one police force in Britain. Media reports soon suggested a link between the murders of Ansell-Lamb and Mayo, noting their clear similarities. Investigators confirmed they were looking into the links. During the investigations a man claiming to be the killer sent a note to detectives saying that the Mayo murder would not be the last. "Yorkshire Ripper" theory investigated When "Yorkshire Ripper" Peter Sutcliffe began his murder spree in the 1970s, Derbyshire Constabulary investigated whether the killings could be linked to Mayo's murder. Upon being convicted of the Ripper murders in 1981 he was formally questioned in connection with her death. It was known he had owned a Morris Traveller and had travelled to and from London around October 1970. Sutcliffe was finally eliminated from the investigation in December 1997. Murder investigations linked By 1990, Cheshire Police and Derbyshire Police increasingly suspected that the murders of Ansell-Lamb and Mayo could be linked. In January 1991 the lead investigators on each murder case from the two forces appeared on a joint appeal on Crimewatch, saying that although they were by no means certain they were looking for one man, there were "striking similarities" between the cases. It was announced that Cheshire and Derbyshire Police had decided to combine forces in an attempt to solve the two cases. A number of women came forward after the appeals to say they had been sexually assaulted in the same area where Mayo was last seen shortly before or after her murder. The lead investigator on the Ansell-Lamb murder case revealed on Crimewatch that forensic scientists had recovered several pieces of carpet fibre from Ansell-Lamb's body, believed to have come from a carpet roll or a carpet sample. On the weekend she was murdered there had been a carpet exhibition at Earl's Court in London. It was also noted that the man she was last seen with was described as a rep or a salesman, and that it was the investigator's belief that the murderer had some connections to the carpet industry. DNA profile isolated from Mayo's clothing In 1997, Derbyshire Police obtained a DNA profile of the killer of Mayo from her clothing. Police attempted to trace all of the 250 original suspects for DNA testing, in order to see if their profiles matched. By 2009 all but a 'handful' had been located and eliminated. It was this DNA testing that also allowed detectives to eliminate Peter Sutcliffe from the investigation. 200,000 DNA profiles then on the national DNA database were quickly eliminated from the inquiry, and 9,000 samples taken from serving prisoners were also examined, but none matched the killer's profile. Police were hopeful that the recent DNA developments would soon help them solve Mayo's murder. Detectives were also hopeful of DNA advances assisting the Ansell-Lamb inquiry and in determining whether the two women had been killed by the same man. A Derbyshire Police spokesperson stated: "Should a test be successful and find matching DNA, we would have a serial killer investigation that would get huge". However, in 1997 Cheshire Police revealed they had not at that point been able to isolate a DNA profile from Ansell-Lamb's garments. In August 2001 detectives from Derbyshire Police made a televised appeal for information on a 90-minute programme titled Britain's Ten Most Wanted Murderers. Multiple sources state that Ansell-Lamb and Mayo's murder were conclusively linked through DNA in 1990. However, this is inaccurate, as although detectives concluded the two murders were likely (although not certainly) linked in 1990, no DNA profiles were isolated in the murder investigations until 1997, when the DNA profile was isolated from Mayo's clothing. Cheshire Police revealed at that time that they had not at that point managed to discover any DNA on Ansell-Lamb's clothing. In 2020, the former boyfriend of Mayo revealed that, despite the reports, investigators never extracted a DNA profile in the Ansell-Lamb case. He said that the claims that one had been originally came from a Reuters report that erroneously assumed that a DNA match had been made when police announced in 1990 that they believed the murders were likely linked. However, he added that while the 1990 reinvestigation did not prove a DNA link between the two women's murders, it did establish that other forensic evidence linked the murders. Subsequent developments and theories In the late 2000s, police investigated whether serial killer Peter Tobin could have committed the murders, as he had just been convicted of the murders of three young women, including that of a hitch-hiking girl he had picked up and killed in 1991. However, police eliminated him from their enquiries. Criminologist David Wilson stated in a book on Tobin in 2010 that he was unlikely to be responsible and could be ruled out as a suspect by DNA, and that the DNA samples from the two murders had already been cross-referenced to Tobin's profile. In 2008, a reclusive man who had just died was found to have newspaper clippings regarding Ansell-Lamb's murder hidden in his house alongside a confession to the murder of another woman, 19-year-old Lorraine Jacob, who had been killed in Liverpool in September 1970. The man had previously lived in London, Manchester, Bolton and Wigan before he had died of cancer. Investigators said there was no evidence linking him to Ansell-Lamb or Mayo's murder. They pointed out that the man had no access to a car and never had a driving licence. In 2009, crime writer Scott Lomax revealed in a book he published about unsolved murders that Manchester City were playing in London at the time of Mayo's murder, just as in Ansell-Lamb's case, and that police had never investigated whether the killer could again have been returning from the football match in London when he came across Mayo on the M1. In 2015, crime writers Chris Clark and Tim Tate published a book in which they claimed that Ansell-Lamb and Mayo's murders could be linked to Yorkshire Ripper Peter Sutcliffe. However, he had previously been ruled out by investigators in 1997 through DNA. In 2019, Don Hale, the journalist behind a campaign to free a man he believed to be wrongly imprisoned for the 1973 murder of Wendy Sewell, claimed in a book that Sewell's murder could be linked to Mayo's. He claimed that Mayo and Sewell looked similar and said their murders had been committed nearby. However, other writers have said there is very little evidence to suggest the murders are linked. The man whose release Hale successfully campaigned for in the Sewell case, Stephen Downing, remains the police's only suspect in the murder of Wendy Sewell. In 2003 Derbyshire Police stated after a reinvestigation of the murder that had the rules on double jeopardy been different, they would have re-charged Downing. Both Hale and Clark continue to regularly make claims in the media that either Sutcliffe or the killer of Wendy Sewell was responsible for Ansell-Lamb and Mayo's deaths, or that that they are one and the same. Investigators continue to regularly appeal for information on the murders of Ansell-Lamb and Mayo. The building where Ansell-Lamb was last seen is now Lymm Truckstop. See also Cold case List of kidnappings List of solved missing person cases List of unsolved murders in the United Kingdom Murders of Eve Stratford and Lynne Weedon Notes References Cited works and further reading External links 2001 Northern Echo article pertaining to the murder of Barbara Mayo 2018 Manchester Evening News article pertaining to Jacqueline Ansell-Lamb Was a Serial Killer Behind Four Hitchhiker Murders?: a 2001 freelibrary.com article focusing upon the murders of Ansell-Lamb and Mayo 1970 in England 1970s missing person cases 1970 murders in the United Kingdom Deaths by strangulation Female murder victims Formerly missing people Incidents of violence against girls Incidents of violence against women Kidnapped British people Kidnappings in England March 1970 crimes March 1970 events in the United Kingdom Missing person cases in England October 1970 crimes October 1970 events in the United Kingdom Rape in England Rape in the 1970s Unsolved murders in England

70098469

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Lemaigre

Jim Lemaigre

Jim Lemaigre is a Canadian politician who has been a member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan since winning the 2022 Athabasca provincial by-election. References Living people Saskatchewan Party MLAs 21st-century Canadian politicians Year of birth missing (living people) Date of birth missing (living people) Canadian police officers

70098525

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up%20with%20People%20at%20the%20Super%20Bowl

Up with People at the Super Bowl

The Super Bowl is the championship game of the NFL. The organization Up with People performed in five Super Bowl halftime shows (headlining four of them), and additionally performed one Super Bowl pre-game show. In addition, in one of the years that they performed as the halftime headliners, Up with People accompanied Tom Sullivan in performing "The Star-Spangled Banner" (the national anthem of the United States) before the game. Up with People has performed in more Super Bowl halftime shows and had more overall Super Bowl performances than any other act. Up with People's halftime appearances took place during an era in which Super Bowl halftime shows differed from the large-name performer-headlined performances of more recent Super Bowls. Super Bowl halftime shows prior to the 1993 Super Bowl XXVII halftime show Super Bowl halftime shows were more in line with college football halftime shows, often featuring performances by marching bands and local performers. Among the shows of this era were also performances produced by such groups as The Walt Disney Company, Air Force Entertainment (Tops In Blue), and Radio City Productions. Shows occasionally featured notable entertainers, but were not centered upon these names in the vein of modern halftime shows. Retrospective looks by entertainment critics have given an overwhelmingly negative reception to the Super Bowl performances of Up with People. Super Bowl V halftime show (1971) Up with People were included as performers in the Super Bowl V halftime show, which was headlined by the Southeast Missouri State Marching Band with Anita Bryant as a guest. Super Bowl X performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner" (1976) At Super Bowl X, Up with People accompanied Tom Sullivan in performing "The Star-Spangled Banner" (the national anthem of the United States) before the start of the game. Up with People also headlined the halftime show for Super Bowl X. Super Bowl X halftime show (1976) The Super Bowl X halftime show was performed by Up with People, marking the first Super Bowl halftime show not to have a marching band as its headlining act. Taking place the year of the United States Bicentennial, the performance's theme was "200 Years and Just a Baby: A Tribute to America's Bicentennial". Up with People had also joined Tom Sullivan in performing the national anthem before the start of the game. Setlist "Good Time Neighborhood Band" "200 Years and Just A Baby" "Cindy" Medley: "Rippin' Along"/"Rock Around the Clock" Medley: "Take Me Home Country Roads"/"City of New Orleans"/"Philadelphia Freedom"/"200 Years and Just A Baby" (reprise) "America The Beautiful" Retrospective critical reception In a 2012 article for Entertainment Weekly, Chris Nashawaty named the show as one of the worst Super Bowl halftime show up through the 2011 halftime show. Nashawaty characterized the show as, characterizing the show as consisting of, "squeaky-clean, milk-drinking musical numbers". Nashawaty criticized Up with People in general, calling them a, "Benetton-ad collection of students from all over the world gathered together to make the cast of Fame look like hardened criminals." and further opining, "if you're too young to remember Up With People, let's put it this way — they are the music that gets played in hell’s waiting room." In a 2010 article for Bleacher Report, Tim McGhee criticized the performance, quipping, "it was as if your church's choir had taken off the robes to reveal Republican fashions and Mister Rogers was the choreographer." Super Bowl XIV halftime show (1980) The Super Bowl XIV halftime show was performed by Up with People and the Grambling State University Marching Bands. Its theme was "A Salute to the Big Band Era". Setlist "We Are Many, We Are One" Big Band Medley: "Jukebox Saturday Night"/"Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree"/"Bandstand Boogie"/"Pennsylvania 6-5000"/"Sentimental Journey"/"Come On Get Happy"/"It Don't Mean a Thing" "Let's Conga" "Beer Barrel Polka" "Johnny B. Goode" "I'll Be Seeing You" Medley: "Chattanooga Choo-Choo"/"Full of the Power" "Up With People" Contemporary critical reception Harry Missildine of The Spokesman-Review called that show "outstanding", and opined that it was largely more "exciting" than the play during the first half of the game. Lane Crockett, the entertainment editor for Shreveport's Time Times wrote positively of the "effortlessness" of the performance. Super Bowl XVI halftime show (1982) The Super Bowl XVI halftime show was the third of four halftime shows which Up with People headlined. Its theme was "A Salute to the 1960s and Motown". The show featured songs of the Motown genre, as well as songs from the 1960s in general. That year's Super Bowl took place in Pontiac, Michigan, near the city of Detroit, where the genre Motown traced its roots. The show lasted thirteen minutes. Logistics Up with People's cast featured more than 430 individuals from 24 nations. The performers spent more than three weeks in the Detroit area in advance of the game, with some rehearsal taking place at an indoor facility located at the University of Michigan. The show featured a modular set erected on the playing field. Setlist Medley: "The Twist"/"Cool Jerk"/"Monster Mash"/"Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny Yellow Polka-Dot Bikini"/"Wipeout"/"Surfin' U.S.A." Medley: "Little GTO"/"Dancing in the Street"/"Uptight (Everything's Alright)"/"Stop! In the Name of Love"/"I Heard It Through the Grapevine"/"Ain't No Mountain High Enough" Medley: "Scarborough Fair"/"Michael, Row the Boat Ashore"/"Abraham, Martin & John" Medley: "Can't Buy Me Love"/"All You Need Is Love"/"Hey Jude"/"Let The Sunshine In" "Up with People" Critical reception Contemporary reception Joe Lapointe of the Detroit Free Press called the show, "ironic and sort of sad". Roger Fischer of the Tampa Bay Times likened the show to, "a Barbara Mandrell and the Mandrell Sisters prime time affair", and opined that the broadcast time allotted to showing the performance would have been better used to provide further game analysis. Geoff Hobson of the Press & Sun-Bulletin wrote negatively of the show. He criticized the decision to have Up with People perform, instead of the marching band of the University of Michigan (located relatively near the site of that year's Super Bowl). He opined that the show, "should have been shot for impersonating a Norman Rockwell painting. Painted smiles on painted faces perched on platinum peaks. Singing cliches in outfits that looked older than the songs they sang from the 1960s." Retrospective reception In a 2010 retrospective look at Super Bowl halftime shows, the San Francisco Chronicle ranked the Super XVI halftime show as the worst in history, up through 2010. While critical of all of Up with People's appearances, the piece considered their 1982 halftime appearance to be their worst, writing, "The group's ‘Salute to Motown and the 1960s’ was the worst of its four Super Bowl appearances. The performances featured the whitest people in the world performing music mostly identified with African-American culture. Imagine watching the cast of ‘Bonanza’ performing in a Tyler Perry play". In response to this piece, in 2013, Doug Williams of ESPN noted, "to be fair, Up With People had several African-American performers that year". In a 2013 article, Sports Illustrated ranked the show as the seventh-worst halftime show (up through 2012), writing that the show, "featured the band's super smiley/creepy attitude". Contrarily, a 2012 The Washington Times article gave the performance a positive retrospective look, ranking it the ninth-best Super Bowl halftime show up through 2012, considering it to be enjoyably wholesome in comparison to more modern Super Bowl halftime shows, writing that Up with People, "were as inoffensive as puppies eating ice cream and apple pie". Additionally, a 2017 mlive article by Edward Pevos considered the show to have been "fun". Super Bowl XX halftime show (1986) The Super Bowl XX halftime show was the fourth (and final) Super Bowl halftime show headlined by Up with People, and the fifth overall Super Bowl halftime show in which they performed. The theme of the show was "Beat of the Future". The show itself was given the title "Room for Everyone". Logistics The show was directed by John Gonzalez. Up with People's music director for the show was Annette Wilkins. Up with People's cast for the show featured between 500 and members. The 10-ton, stage utilized for the performance was transported to the venue from an airport near New Orleans Airport at midnight several days before the game, with some streets being closed and a police escort accompanying the convoy of seven trucks carrying the oversize load of the stage. A three minute commercial break before the performance was allotted for the set-up of the stage. For the performance, a gondola carrying of lighting equipment was lowered from the stadium's rafters. Five tons of theatrical lighting was used in the performance. The NFL refused to allow Up with People to turn off the venue's stadium lighting, fearing that there would be a risk that the lightning might fail to turn back on after the performance. To deal with this, blackout screens were placed to help darken the venue. Space-focused artist Robert McCall (who worked with NASA) designed the sets for the show. Some of the individuals that had organized the 1984 Summer Olympics closing ceremony helped to come up ideas for incorporating crowd participation into the show. The show was scheduled to last 12 minutes. There were reports that Up with People was given US$30 million in return for organizing the halftime show. Synopsis The halftime performance was dedicated in memory of Martin Luther King, Jr. It featured a taped segment with Bill Cosby and Lily Tomlin encouraging Americans to participate in the upcoming Hands Across America demonstration. In the performance, dancers acted out various scenes portraying the future. The setlist was a mix of slower-paced songs and up-beat tunes. The show's setlist featured contemporary 1980s songs. Setlist "Beat of the Future" "Talkin' With My Feet" Medley: "Born in the U.S.A."/"The Power of Love"/"I Just Called to Say I Love You"/"Theme from Footloose" Medley: "Room For Everyone"/"We'll Be There" Critical reception Contemporary reception In an article negative towards the performance, Dick Shippy of the Akron Beacon Journal called the show, "one of the dumbest halftime shows ever conceived". Shippy called the show "ludicrous". He criticized the inclusion of the appeal for participation in Hands Across America (a demonstration against hunger in the United States), writing, "there could be no more inappropriate place for such an appeal than a Super Bowl game. Anything connected with Super Bowl and Super Bowl Week screams of conspicuous consumption." Shippy went on to criticize the dedication of the performance to Martin Luther King Jr., writing, "only a little bit behind in the bitter irony category was the Up with People halftime tribute to Dr. Martin Liuther King Jr. Do you have a feeling that a pitch for brotherhood, made at a Roman circus, is something less than heartfelt?" Ahead of the game, Alan Greenberg of the Hartford Courant was critical of the decision to again have Up with People perform the halftime show, opining that Up with People, "is a horribly bad, boring, group that always succeeds in making even the worst NFL game seem interesting by comparison". Also ahead of the game, Bill Modoono of The Pittsburgh Press noted that the "perpetual cheeriness" of Up with People makes some viewers, "nauseous". Retrospective reception In a 2013 Bleacher Report article, Matt King ranked the Super Bowl XX halftime show as the fifth-worst halftime show up to the previous year. A 2017 mlive article by Edward Pevos considered the mix of slower songs and upbeat tunes to be "bizarre", and opined that, despite its theme, the show failed to look futuristic. Pevos further opined that the show, "didn't match the fun" of Up with People's preceding performance at Super Bowl XVI. In a 2020 Lineups article, Tyler Worthington ranked this the sixth-worst halftime show up through 2020, writing, "Up With People is a music group that didn't do anything excited and just had us hoping that the game would get started again. This was their last performance and by the reception of these performances, I think that is for the better." In a 2013 article, Sports Illustrated ranked the show as the sixth-worst halftime show (up through 2012). Commenting on it being their last halftime performance, the magazine opined that their departure from the Super Bowl halftime scene came, "not a moment too soon." Super Bowl XXV pre-game show (1991) Up with People performed the Super Bowl XXV pre-game show. This was their last appearance as Super Bowl performers. Overall retrospective critical reception of halftime performances Retrospective looks at the Super Bowl halftime shows Up with People performed have been negative. A 2010 San Francisco Chronicle article opined, "I hope you were throwing the football in your front yard during halftime shows in the 1970s and early 1980s, which all seemed to feature Up With People or Carol Channing. Up With People always had a creepy-weird cultish quality, with exaggerated dance moves, brightly colored yet chaste clothing and industrial-grade happiness." In a 2013 Bleacher Report article, writer Matt King criticized the perennial inclusion of Up with People at the Super Bowl, calling them, "a bland group that sang bland music in a bland fashion". In an 2022 Adweek article, Robert Klara negatively looked back at Up with People as halftime performers, describing them as a "treacly (and overwhelmingly white) dance troupe". In a 2021 Yardbarker article, Daniel Tran collectively ranked Up with People's four headlining Super Bowl halftime appearances as the worst halftime shows up through 2020, writing that the shows featured, "grown adults singing and dancing with cult-like enthusiasm and soulless eyes," and opining that the four shows, "will forever be the worst and probably most terrifying series of Super Bowl halftime performances ever." In a 2022 Athlon Sports article, Aaroon Allen collectively ranked Up with People's four headlining halftime appearances the 15th-worst of Super Bowl halftime shows out of 48 entries. In a 2022 Live365 article, Kathryn Milewski collectively ranked every Super Bowl halftime performance by Up with People as the fifth-worst Super Bowl halftime shows, opining, In a 2016 Houston Chronicle piece, characterizing Up With People's shows as belonging to a more "innocent era" of Super Bowl entertainment, Ken Hoffman described Up With People as, "the squeaky clean, optimistic and, sure, corny and slap-happy group of fresh-faced entertainers whose most sinister wardrobe malfunction was maybe a tilted American flag lapel pin." In pop culture In a parody of Up With People's halftime appearances on the long-running cartoon series The Simpsons, the fictional group "Hooray for Everything" (the show's recurring parody of Up With People) performed a football game halftime show with the theme "A Salute to the Western Hemisphere: The Dancin’-est Hemisphere of All!" in the season two episode "Bart vs. Thanksgiving". References Super Bowl halftime shows Super Bowl

70099054

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg-Henning%20Graf%20von%20Bassewitz-Behr

Georg-Henning Graf von Bassewitz-Behr

Georg-Henning Graf von Bassewitz-Behr (21 March 1900 – 31 January 1949) was an SS-Gruppenführer who served as an SS and Police Leader in Dnepropetrovsk, Mogilev and Hamburg during the Second World War. Early life Bassewitz-Behr was born into a noble family, the son of a cavalry officer, and grew up on an estate in Lützow in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He passed his Abitur in 1918 and then served briefly with the Imperial German Army toward the end of the First World War. Bassewitz-Behr then managed the family estates and from 1919 to 1920 he studied agriculture at the University of Rostock. After unsuccessfully trying to start a new life as a farmer in the former colony of German South West Africa in 1930, Bassewitz-Behr returned to Germany, became a member of the Stahlhelm WWI veterans' organization and a supporter of the Nazi Party. SS career Bassewitz-Behr joined the NSDAP on 1 February 1930 (membership number 458,315) and the SS (SS number 35,466) in 1931. In 1938, as a member of the staff of the Reich Security Main Office, he became Inspector of Motorized Vehicles. In May 1940, he commanded an anti-tank detachment in the Battle of France. In preparation for the planned German attack on the Soviet Union, he was employed from the end of April to the end of July 1941 as a quartermaster on the Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS (Reichsführer-SS Command Staff). From 11 November 1941 to 1 August 1942 he was appointed to the post of SS and Police Leader (SSPF) of Dnepropetrovsk in Ukraine where Einsatzgruppe D was active. During this time, Bassewitz-Behr was complicit in the murder of an estimated 45,000 civilians, partisans and Jews. He next was transferred from 1 August 1942 to 20 April 1943 to the position of SSPF for Mogilev in Central Russia. From November 1942 to April 1943, he served as the Deputy to the Higher SS and Police Leader "Russland Mitte", Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski. On 20 April 1943, Bassewitz-Behr was promoted to SS-Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant of Police. From 16 February 1943 to 8 May 1945 he was the Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) "Nordsee," based in Hamburg. His jurisdiction covered a wide swath of northwestern Germany, including Schleswig-Holstein, Oldenburg, eastern Hanover and Bremen. On 1 July 1944 he was appointed as a Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SS. In Hamburg he had responsibility for the prisoner of war administration within his jurisdiction. Toward the end of the war, he was involved in the evacuation of the Neuengamme concentration camp and its satellite camps. As part of this process, 71 resistance fighters imprisoned in the Fuhlsbüttel police prison were murdered during the evacuation in April 1945. Postwar After the end of the war, Bassewitz-Behr was arrested on 27 October 1945. He was brought before a British military court in Hamburg for the Fuhlsbüttel police prison murders. After being acquitted in August 1947, he was extradited to the Soviet Union 16 September 1947. He stood trial and was sentenced to 25 years of hard labor for the mass murders in the Dnepropetrovsk area. He died two years later in a labor camp in Magadan in eastern Siberia. External weblink Articles on Georg-Henning Graf von Bassewitz-Behr in PresseMappe References Sources 1900 births 1949 deaths German people who died in Soviet detention Holocaust perpetrators in Germany Holocaust perpetrators in Russia Holocaust perpetrators in Ukraine Nazis convicted of war crimes People from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin SS-Gruppenführer SS and Police Leaders Waffen-SS personnel

70101081

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Adventures%20of%20Digger%20and%20Friends

The Adventures of Digger and Friends

The Adventures of Digger and Friends was a series of vignettes that showed during NASCAR on Fox pre-race shows in 2009. Background In 2009, Fox Sports announced that "Digger", who had already been a mascot for the corner camera in NASCAR, would be subject to a series of vignettes that would air during NASCAR on Fox pre-races. Keith Urban would compose and write a new single for the show, called "Lil' Digger". In an interview, Urban was noticeably happy with creating the song, saying "How could you turn the critter down? I immediately went to my drum machine, then to my guitar, back to my drum machine and on to my banjo and it wasn't long before I had the song. I just hope that Digger likes it." An animation studio in Romania would animate the series. Characters Digger (Eric Bauza): A gopher obsessed with NASCAR racing. Frequently causes mischief at the racetrack, causing Lumpy to chase him. Annie (Haley Mancini): Digger's girlfriend. Marbles: Digger's friend. Gramps: Digger's grandpa and a fan of NASCAR since the beginnings of the sport. Lumpy Wheels: A security guard who constantly chases Digger for causing mischief at the track. Premise The series follows Digger's life, and adventures in a racetrack with his friend, Marbles, his girlfriend, Annie, his grandpa, Gramps, and a police officer that chases Digger's mischievous acts, Lumpy Wheels, who was named after former Fox Sports president David Hill and former Charlotte Motor Speedway Humpy Wheeler. Criticism After a NASCAR town hall-style meeting at the end of May 2009, Fox Sports chair David Hill reported receiving an email from a high-ranking NASCAR official whose identity he chose to conceal, stating that Digger could have been the cause of ratings declines for Fox's NASCAR coverage. Hill said "It was because of Digger that people were turning off in droves because they couldn't stand it, I said, I'm so sorry. If I'd known, I never would have created him. I didn't realize how insidious he was. It's the biggest crock of shit I've ever heard." The criticism led to Fox Sports slowly phasing out the character in 2010; it was completely removed from their broadcasts by the time 2012 Subway Fresh Fit 500 aired. Episodes References Fox Broadcasting Company original programming 2009 American television series debuts 2000s American animated television series NASCAR on television Fox Sports original programming American sports television series

70102823

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Kingsley-Nyinah

Joseph Kingsley-Nyinah

Joseph Kwame Kingsley-Nyinah was a Ghanaian judge who served as a justice of the Court of Appeal and also as the Electoral Commissioner for Ghana. Early life and education Kingsley-Nyinah was born on 21 August 1922 at Akokuaso which is near Akim Oda in the Eastern Region of Ghana (then Gold Coast. He was the first child of Joseph Kingsley-Nyinah and Felicia Marfo. His father was a police officer and was transferred to various stations. This led to his education being in different places. He started his basic edcuation at Akuse before continuing at the Government Boy's School at Cape Coast. He completed his basic education at the Achimota Primary School and went on to the Achimota College which he completed in 1942. He worked as a teacher and then a law clerk before he proceeded to the United Kingdom in 1947 to study law at the Middle Temple, London. He was called to the Bar in June 1953. Career Kingsley-Nyinah returned to the Gold Coast where he was called to the Bar. He went on to set up his own law firm, Obuadum Chambers in 1954. He was appointed as a magistrate at Kumasi, capital of the Ashanti Region by Kobina Arku Korsah who was then the Chief Justice of the Gold Coast as well as the acting Governor General. This made his the first magistrate in Kumasi. He served as a Juvenile Court Magistrate between 1955 and 1958. He became a High Court Judge in 1963 and an Appeals Court Judge in 1971. He served on the Ghana bench until his retirement in 1980. Kingsley-Nyinah is known to have been critical of interference with the judiciary by Kwame Nkrumah, first prime minister and president of Ghana. Elections and democracy He was appointed the Electoral Commissioner in 1978 by the Supreme Military Council (SMC) led by Lt. General Fred Akuffo. This followed the departure of Isaac Kobina Abban, the previous commissioner. He had been appointed by the previous leader of the SMC, then General I. K. Acheampong but vacated the position opposed the attempts to rig the UNIGOV referendum by the military SMC government. He stayed on as Electoral Commissioner following the overthrow of the SMC by the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council under Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings in June 1979 and went on to oversee the 1979 Ghanaian general election. His tenure ended when the government of Hilla Limann was overthrown by the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) military government led by Jerry Rawlings as the constitution of Ghana was suspended. He also contributed to the founding of the Coalition of Domestic Election Observers prior to the 2000 general election which saw the first change of government in Ghana by the ballot box. Other activities Kingsley-Nyinah served on various boards and committees. In 1978, he was on the Disciplinary Committee of the General Legal Council and he was on the Council of Law Reporting between 1978 and 1980. He served on the management board of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital between 1970 and 1973. He was the Chairman of the Disciplinary Committee of the Ghana Football Association between 1970 and 1974. He was also a Managing Trustee of Valco Trust Fund from 1988 to 2002. He was also the Primus National Chairman of the Ghana Association of Methodist Church Choirs (GHAMECC). In 1985, he served as the chairman for the Committee of Inquiry into Payment of Compensation from Volta River Authority by Lands Department to the People of Kete-Krachi. Awards In 2008, Kingsley-Nyinah was awarded the Order of the Volta in recognition of his contribution towards the development of the Judicial Service and the entrenchment of democracy in the Ghana by President Kufuor. Family He was survived by his wife, Georgina Kingsley-Nyinah and Joseph, Michael, David and Patrick Kingsley-Nyinah, Patricia Kyerematen, Georgina Bondzi-Simpson and Beatrice Archer. A state funeral was held in Accra prior to his interment. Alan John Kyerematen, Ministry of Trade and Industry of Ghana at the time of his death in 2019 is married to his daughter Patricia. References External links Former Electoral Commissioner, Justice Kingsley-Nyinah buried 1922 births 2019 deaths Alumni of Achimota School Members of the Middle Temple Ghanaian lawyers Ghanaian judges Recipients of the Order of the Volta Ghanaian Methodists People from Eastern Region (Ghana)

70103055

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA%20rebellion

Łódź rebellion

The Łódź Rebellion was a general strike and mass demonstrations that took place in Łódź on May 2–8, 1892. In the lead-up to the rebellion, socialists from Łódź had published a proclamation in which they demanded an eight-hour working day, an increase in wages and political freedoms. The strikes began on May 2 (May 1 was a Sunday) which affected the largest factories in Łódź. Violence erupted quickly as the police beat the strikers and the workers attacked the factory owners, including among others Ignacy Poznański, the son of Izrael Poznański. Some industrialists responded by making concessions. Scheibler's factory proposed an 8% increase of pay and a reduction of working time by an hour, while others, such as Izrael Poznański and Julius Kunitzer refused to make any concessions. During the rally in what is now Wolności Square, the tailor Kazimierz Wachowicz was chosen as leader and haled as “the king of Poland,” but he was arrested by the Cossacks and did not lead the strike. On May 5, there was a pogrom of Jews in Bałuty. The riots were ended by a bloody intervention by the tsarist army and the police, during which about 100 people were killed and 300 were injured. In culture The Łódź rebellion is described in Israel Joshua Singer's novel, The Brothers Ashkenazi. References Łódź May 1892 events

70103466

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Ahmedabad%20railway%20station%20bombing

2006 Ahmedabad railway station bombing

The 2006 Ahmedabad railway station bombing was a blast at platform number 2/3 of Kalupur railway station Ahmedabad, India. 10-25 people sustained minor injuries. At the time of blast no train was present at the platform, two trains had passed before explosion and the Kutch express was about to arrive at the platform, the casualties and severity of the explosion may increased if any train was present at the platform. The blasts had occurred at the public call office booths installed at the railway station platforms at around 1:43 am. Gujarat police presumed that due to the faulty timer device the severity of the explosion decreased. Investigations 1.5 kg of RDX explosives was planted in a suitcase. The explosives had arrived Ahmedabad railway station from Mumbai in the chair-car compartment of Mumbai-Ahmedabad Karnavati Express. The bomb had been originally placed in the Karnavati Express. Kamlesh Bhagora, a constable of Government Railway Police had asked a porter to attend an unclaimed suitcase kept in the AC compartment of the train, the porter placed that suitcase near the tea stall at platform number 2/3, the bomb exploded shortly after that. Gujarat Anti-Terrorist Squad (ATS) arrested five accused Mahmad Aamir Shakeel Ahmed Shaikh, Mahmad Iliyas Abdul Memon, Saiyyed Aaqib, Mahmad Aslam Kashmiri and Abu Jundal. In September 2021 Gujarat ATS arrested Ahmed Bilal, an accused terrorist wanted in blast case from Baramulla district, Jammu and Kashmir. According to Gujarat ATS, Ahmed Bilal bombed a train and detonated IED. He was a student in Madrasa at Bharuch back in 2006. where he got involved with the banned terrorist organization, Lashkar-e-Taiba. Allegedly he brainwashed some other students to take a revenge of the post Godhra riots of 2002 and facilitated their training at Pakistan occupied Kashmir (POK) and Pakistan with the help of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) to train them in shooting and bomb-making. See also 2006 Mumbai train bombings 2008 Ahmedabad bombings References Terrorist incidents in India in 2006 Railway accidents in 2006 Islamic terrorism in India Islamic terrorist incidents in 2006 Explosions in 2006 Crime in Gujarat History of Gujarat (1947–present) Improvised explosive device bombings in India History of Ahmedabad Religiously motivated violence in India

70105769

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Baptist%20Cemetery

Old Baptist Cemetery

Old Baptist Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Yarmouth, Maine, United States. Dating to the late 17th century, it stands on Hillside Street (formerly named Brimstone Hill or Byram's Hill), adjacent to the North Yarmouth and Freeport Baptist Meetinghouse, a National Register of Historic Places property, on its southern side. It is the only burial site in the town attached to an extant church building. The meetinghouse was completed in 1796, but there are burials in the cemetery dating to the late 17th century and early 18th century. The earliest discovered burial is that of Jacob Mitchell Sr. (1643–1675). Immediately inside the gate, on the left-hand side, is a billboard-style trio of gravestones – one of two in the cemetery, but only around forty are known to have been found in Maine. In 2011, the previously unmarked 1870 grave site of Private William Johnson was formally dedicated at the cemetery. Johnson, of Saco, Maine, served in the 1st Regiment Maine Cavalry. The location of his grave remained unknown until a descendant of his, 91-year-old Dick Johnson, of McMinnville, Oregon, discovered via research that his great-grandfather was a Civil War veteran. In October 2021, the gravestone of Mary Pratt (wife of David), who died in 1810, was found in the middle of Methodist Road in Westbrook, Maine, and was turned over to the local police department. It had been removed from Old Baptist Cemetery. Notable burials Cushing Prince (1745–1827), owner of the Cushing and Hannah Prince House, a National Register of Historic Places property William R. Stockbridge (1782–1850), prominent merchant, ship owner and town treasurer Captain Sylvanus Blanchard, sea captain, shipyard owner and former resident at the Capt. S. C. Blanchard House, although it is named for his son, Sylvanus Cushing Blanchard (1811–1888). Son-in-law of Cushing Prince Frederick Gore (1860–1930), manager of the Forest Paper Company References 17th-century establishments in Maine Cemeteries in Yarmouth, Maine

70105847

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejan%20Bulatovi%C4%87

Dejan Bulatović

Dejan Bulatović (; born 8 February 1975) is a politician and activist in Serbia. He received international attention during the 1996–1997 protests in Serbia after he was arrested for carrying a puppet of Slobodan Milošević dressed in prison garb; subsequent reports that he was beaten by state authorities were covered in major newspapers worldwide. Bulatović later became an elected official in his home community of Šid and led the party, "Green Ecological Party-The Greens" (Zelene ekološke partije – Zeleni, ZEP-Zeleni). He is now a vice-president of the Party of Freedom and Justice (Stranka slobode i pravde, SSP). Early life and private career Bulatović was born in Šid, in what was then the Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in the Socialist Republic of Serbia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. During the 1996 protests, he was identified as a student and a factory worker. He is now active in agriculture and goat and sheep breeding. 1996 protests and after Bulatović joined the Serbian Renewal Movement (Srpski pokret obnove, SPO) in the 1990s and took part in the protests against electoral fraud that followed the 1996 local elections. At a Belgrade protest on 7 December 1996, he was one of a number of students who carried an effigy of authoritarian Serbian president Slobodan Milošević wearing prison clothes and a ball and chain. For this, he was arrested on charges of creating a public disturbance; the media outlet B92 reported that he had been badly beaten, and the opposition coalition Zajedno (which included the SPO) indicated he had suffered severe head and chest wounds. His mother was able to visit him in jail and reported that he was being kept in an unheated room and was at risk of developing pneumonia. Bulatović's arrest was covered in newspapers such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Guardian.<ref>Julian Borger, "Serb leader rejects way out of political crisis," '"The Guardian, 9 December 1996, p. 2.</ref> His treatment at the hands of state authorities was itself the impetus for new protests against Milošević's government on 9 December; a student group issued the statement, "Must we bow our heads and take all of this? Tomorrow it could be one of us." Serbian state authorities denied that Bulatović was mistreated and issued a statement saying he "did not have any objections to the way he was treated." Sentenced to twenty-five days in jail, he was released early and took part in further anti-Milošević rallies, including in Belgrade on 31 December. He said that he was again beaten by police on 17 January, after he was recognized in a crowd. In November 1998, Bulatović's arrest and mistreatment were mentioned in an Amnesty International report on human rights conditions in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Bulatović remained in Belgrade following the 1996–97 protests. When the Zajedno coalition broke up in late 1997, he took part in further protests in the city. He also left the SPO and became a founding member of the Christian Democratic Party of Serbia (Demohrišćanska Stranka Srbije, DHSS). Slobodan Milošević was defeated in the 2000 Yugoslavian general election and fell from power on 5 October 2000. Bulatović was again arrested and reportedly beaten nine days later by police officers who demanded he inform them about the location of arms taken from the Belgrade police station. He said that he knew nothing about the weapons and that he planned to file charges against the officers. This notwithstanding, he left Serbia for France on 5 November 2000. In a 2002 interview with the SPO's journal Srpska reč, he said that some leaders of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (Demokratska opozicija Srbije, DOS), the political coalition that overthrew Milošević, had "continued on the same path that Milošević had trodden during his dictatorship." He accused Zoran Đinđić of "privatiz[ing] a mafia-controlled Serbia" and said that "Đinđić's thugs" had beaten him on 15 October 2000. Bulatović has also said that he left Serbia following an encounter with paramilitary commander Milorad Ulemek, also known as Legija. While living in Paris, Bulatović founded the Pokret za novu Srbiju (PZNS). Return to Serbia and further political activism Bulatović moved back to Serbia on the same day that Legija was arrested. He returned to Šid and founded the Movement for the Protection and Nurturing of the Bosut River, which was among other things focused on an opposition to illegal fishing. In the 2012 Serbian local elections, he was elected as the candidate of his own "Bosut Movement" on the electoral list of the Democratic Party (Demokratska stranka, DS). In 2014, he became deputy president (i.e., deputy speaker) of the assembly. He appeared in the fourth position on another coalition list led by the DS in the 2016 local elections and was re-elected when the list won six mandates.Službeni List (Opštine Šid), Volume 4 Number 8 (25 April 2016), p. 2. Due to an opposition boycott, he was not a candidate for re-election in 2020. Bulatović joined the ZEP-Zeleni in 2013 and became its leader in 2015. The party participated in the 2016 Vojvodina provincial election on the DS's electoral list, and Bulatović was included in the seventeenth position. The list won only ten mandates and he was not elected. The ZEP-Zeleni later formed an alliance with the Greens of Serbia (Zeleni Srbije, ZS) known as the United Green Front; this alliance fell apart before the 2017 presidential election, when Bulatović objected to its decision to support Aleksandar Vučić's candidacy. He later brought the ZEP-Zeleni into an association with the Movement of Free Citizens (Pokret slobodnih građana, PSG) and the Citizens' Bloc 381 coalition. This affiliation also proved to be short-lived; he withdrew the party from the 381 coalition in November 2018, citing irreconcilable differences with another party in the movement. Vice-President of the Party of Freedom and Justice In early 2019, Bulatović led the ZEP-Zeleni into an alliance with Dragan Đilas's political movement; Bulatović permitted his party to be reorganized as the Party of Freedom and Justice (SSP) under Đilas's leadership, which allowed the latter to forgo the process of registering a new party. Bulatović was chosen as a vice-president of the new party. The SSP is contesting the 2022 Serbian parliamentary election as part of the United Serbia (Ujedinjena Srbija'', US) coalition, and Bulatović holds the eleventh position on the coalition's electoral list. References 1975 births Living people People from Šid Christian Democratic Party of Serbia politicians Green Ecological Party-The Greens politicians Party of Freedom and Justice politicians

70106404

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20J.%20Prestia

Charles J. Prestia

Charles Joseph Prestia (September 3, 1909 – January 3, 1953) was an American politician and businessman who served one term as Secretary of the State of Connecticut from 1945 to 1947. A Democrat from New Britain, Connecticut, he served as a New Britain city councilor and alderman from 1935 to 1946 and as a Connecticut State Representative in 1935. Prestia also served on the Democratic state central committee and New Britain's Democratic town committee for "a number of years." Born in New Britain to Italian-American parents Joseph and Lucia Prestia, Prestia graduated from New Britain High School and became vice president of sales at Spring Beverage Works, a local soft drinks company owned by his father. He died after a long illness at New Britain General Hospital at the age of 43. He had chaired the state police board from 1950 until his death. References 1909 births 1953 deaths People from New Britain, Connecticut Secretaries of the State of Connecticut Connecticut Democrats 20th-century American politicians American politicians of Italian descent

70109171

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCIS%3A%20Sydney

NCIS: Sydney

NCIS: Sydney is an upcoming Australian police procedural television series. It will be a spin-off of the long-running series NCIS and the fifth series in the NCIS franchise. It will be the first series in the franchise set in a country other than the United States. Even though the show will be set in Sydney, the field office for the real-life NCIS in Australia is actually located in Perth, away from Sydney. Production Development In February 2022, Paramount+, announced it had commissioned a series of the NCIS franchise to be filmed in Sydney, Australia. It will debut on Paramount+ and Network 10 in Australia in 2023. References NCIS (franchise) Network 10 original programming Paramount+ original programming Television shows filmed in Australia Television shows set in Sydney

70109458

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20Tower

Chinese Tower

The Chinese Tower (German: Chinesischer Turm) is a 25-metre wooden building resembling a pagoda at the Englischer Garten in Munich, Germany. The building was constructed from 1789 to 1790 and was opened to the public as an observation deck during the opening of the Englischer Garten in 1792. The tower burned down during the bombing of Munich during World War II and was reopened as a reconstruction in 1952. Today the tower is considered a landmark of the Englischer Garten. In the 1970s the tower was closed to the public because of security reasons and can since be accessed only by the music groups that still play at the tower. A reconstructed carousel originally dating back to the Biedermeier period is located near the tower, as well as numerous restaurants. The so-called Kocherlball festival has been held at the Chinese Tower on the third Sunday of July since 1989. Location and connections The Chinese Tower is located at the southern part of the Englischer Garten in the district of Schwabing. The building is located north of the Monopteros and Ökonomiegebäude structures and a few metres east of the Oberstjägermeisterbach river. The Rumfordhaus building is located east of the tower. The Chinese Tower can be reached by public transport of the Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft. The bus stop Chinesischer Turm is located immediately next to the tower and can be accessed by public transport and bicycles. The tower can also be accessed by tram at the stop Tivolistraße. The stop has a connection to the bus stop Chinesischer Turm. The closest station of the Munich U-Bahn is Giselastraße, trafficked by two lines of the Stammstrecke 1. The Englischer Garten can be accessed by a ten-minute walk from the station. History The Chinese Tower was designed from 1789 to 1790 by Johann Baptist Lechner on a proposal by Joseph Frey as part of the planned citizens' park, nowadays known as the Englischer Garten. The construction was done by Johann Baptist Erlacher and Martin Heilmayr, two master carpenters with local roots. Chinese architecture was popular in Europe at the time, so Benjamin Thompson, who was in charge of construction of the not yet opened Englischer Garten, either proposed the construction of the Chinese Tower or undertook it himself. The Chinese Tower was inspired by the 50-metre Great Pagoda at the Royal Botanic Gardens in London, United Kingdom, which was itself inspired by the Majolica Pagoda in Peking, China. Two years after the construction of the "great pagoda" as the tower was known at the time, the first royal festival was held at the Englischer Garten, which was known as "Theodors-Park" at the time. In the same year the entire park including the Chinese Tower were opened to the public; the park had earlier been the private hunting ground of the House of Wittelsbach. At first the Chinese Tower mostly served as an observation deck. Because of this the trees around the tower did not reach higher than the first two floors of the tower. Nowadays many trees reach over the wooden structure, making it no longer usable as an observation deck. The tower still became popular because of the numerous restaurants located nearby, and became known as the "heart of the Englischer Garten" according to writer Daniela Dau. Friedrich Ludwig Sckell, who since 1804 administered the royal gardens in Munich, including the Englischer Garten, made a new propoal for the Englischer Garten in 1807, where he wanted to demolish the already existing Chinese Tower. As a stylistic purist, he wanted to avoid architectural staffages and limit the park to few, simple classic buildings. According to him "the Chinese style of architecture is not worth mimicking". However, he was not able to implement this plan. The Chinese Tower frequently suffered fire damage, which was repaired every time. On 13 June 1944, near the end of World War II, the tower burned down in a white phosphorus attack. The tower was reconstructed in its original style from 1951 to 1952 by the architect Franz Zell and the ceremonial reopening of the tower took place on 6 September 1952. The building has since been known as a "landmark of the Englischer Garten". In 1960 the tower was made accessible to the public again. However, access to the public has been restricted since the 1970s because of safety reasons; only musical groups playing at the tower are allowed access. The tower is only accessible to the public on rare occasions, such at the 50th anniversary of its repoening on 6 September 2002, and only for groups up to 15 people at a time. In 2002 the Chinese Tower was made into a Wi-Fi hotspot in the Englischer Garten. It successfully served in a pilot project all over Germany. Architecture The wooden Chinese Tower is supposed to resemble a Chinese temple in the style of a pagoda. The building is 25 metres tall and has five floors including the ground floor. Like a pine tree, the tower narrows down upwards floor by floor. Each floor is supported by wood shingles. Gold-coloured bells hang on the corners on the inside of the tower. There is a winding stairway connecting the floors in the middle of the tower. Each floor is supported by wooden beams from underneath. The maximum diameter of the tower is about 19 metres, while the minimum diameter of each floor is 6 metres. Together with the Rumfordhaus and the Monopteros, the Chinese Tower belongs to the three "feeling architectures" in the Englischer Garten. Carousel The first carousel for children was constructed near the Chinese Tower in 1823, but this carousel does not exist any more. In 1913 a new carousel with wooden animal figures (deer, ibex, camel, giraffe, horse, stork and flamingo) with old-fashioned coaches, carriages and sleds was opened. The carousel with its Biedermeier-era figures rotates accompanied by orchestrion and polyphon music. The animal figures are divided into an inner and an outer ring. There is a play park for children near the carousel. The carousel was made by the sculptor Joseph Erlacher and the decorative painter August Julier. Since 1977 the carousel, along with the Chinese Tower and the Englischer Garten, has belonged to the Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes. Events There are various regular and irregular events at the Chinese Tower. Many men and women in Tracht meet at 06:00 in the morning on the third Sunday of July for the annual Kocherlball, to dance folk dances and waltzes. This event comes from a habit of cooks, maids and servers to meet at the Chinese Tower on summer Sundays before the start of their workday, to dance together. The ball was established in 1880 and was first attended by around 5000 people. In 1904 the police forbade the Kocherlball as "unethical". This tradition was re-established in 1989 during the 200th anniversary of the Englischer Garten, however the ball is now held on only one Sunday in the year. The first re-established Kocherlball was attended by around 15 thousand people. The number of attendees shrank to around 10 thousand in the following years. In 2002 and 2013 the event was attended by about 12 thousand people and the 16th re-established ball was attended by about 15 thousand people. In 2014 another Kocherlball was held in Bad Tölz to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Tölzer Kurhaus. As well as the Kocherlball, 21 more events were held at the Chinese Tower to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the Englischer Garten. At Christmas time a Christmas market is held at the Chinese Tower. On Sundays and public holidays in summer live music is played at the ground floor of the Chinese Tower alternating between the musical groups Rossbachtaler and Thoma. During good weather the musical groups also play on Wednesdays and Fridays until early morning. Restaurants In the Biedermeier era from 1825 to 1848 the Chinesische Wirtschaft was located south of the Chinese Tower, with a bowling alley and a dance floor. During this time beer was also served at the Chinese Tower. On three days every week a concert or military band would play dance music. During this time there were four small wooden pavilions with characteristic curly roofs in the area. In 1912 a new inn was erected at the site. There has been a beer garden run by Antje Schneider since 1974, with 7000 seating places, which is the second largest beer garden in Munich after the Hirschgarten. The beer garden, which sells Hofbräu beer, is one of the most famous places for tourists. Traditional Bavarian Brotzeit can also be consumed at the beer garden. The Restaurant am Chinesischer Turm is also located near the beer garden. The restaurant serves regional and international cuisine. The Bavarian royal court used to frequent the restaurant in the 19th century. In art and literature The Chinese Tower is often mentioned or depicted in art and literature together with the Englischer Garten. In 1830 Moritz Gottlieb Saphir wrote a poem called Der chinesische Turm about the life of people and the nature around the tower. Five years later a letter from Bettina von Arnim to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was published, in which she writes about the Chinese Tower. In 1840 an anonymous author in the Vaterländischer Magazin wrote a column about dining at the tower. The Chinese Tower inspired numerous artists already in the 18th century, using it as the primary or secondary subject in paintings and drawings. Artists depicting the Chinese Tower have included Carl August Lebschée, Johann Michael Mettenleiter, Fritz Schider, and Richard Mahn. References External links The restaurant at the Chinese Tower The Christmas market at the Chinese Tower 360-degree panorama Wooden towers Pagodas Buildings and structures in Munich 1780s architecture 1790s architecture 1950s architecture Beer gardens in Germany Chinoiserie

70110065

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing%20of%20Athar%20Mateen

Killing of Athar Mateen

Athar Mateen was a senior producer of Samaa TV. On 18 February 2022, 8:29 AM Mateen was killed in a firing incident on a car near North Nazimabad Five Star Chowrangi area of Karachi. According to police and FIR, the incident took place during the robbery while the incident is under investigation. The incident took place at 8:29 a.m., according to CCTV. Matin is survived by two daughters and a wife. Reactions Prime Minister Imran Khan directed that every effort be made to bring the accused to justice. Expressing deep sorrow, he strongly condemned the incident and said that the mourners share in the family's grief. Sindh Governor Imran Ismail strongly condemned the killing of Athar Matin and directed Additional IG Karachi to take action for the arrest of the accused. He said that police should ensure the protection of life, property, and honor of citizens while Sindh government should take practical steps to eradicate lawlessness. Sindh Chief Minister Syed Murad Ali Shah expressed sorrow over the death of Mateen and took notice of the incident, and demanded an immediate report from Additional IG Karachi. He also directed the concerned authorities to arrest the killers immediately. References 2022 deaths Deaths by person in Pakistan 2022 crimes in Pakistan People murdered in Pakistan Deaths by firearm in Pakistan 2022 murders in Pakistan

70110786

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Family%20Carlvinson

Space Family Carlvinson

is a Japanese science fiction and comedy manga series written and illustrated by Yoshitoh Asari. It was serialized in Monthly Shōnen Captain and then on Monthly Afternoon between the years of 1986 and 1997, with the separate runs being published in a total of 21 tankōbon volumes. Portions of the manga was adapted into a 45-minute original video animation directed by Kimio Yabuki which aired in 1988. An alien acting troupe accidentally orphan a young human girl and take it upon themselves to raise her in the customs of her human family until her biological family arrive to bring her to her original home. The manga's title is a parody on Swiss Family Robinson, in addition to referencing the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson which was stationed in Japan at the time of the manga's creation, which in turn, is named after Georgia congressman Carl Vinson. It has received generally favorable reviews praising its emotional core and underlying themes, but critiquing its lack of substantiative development for its cast. Plot In the year 4001, an interstellar acting troupe of six aliens are trying to fly to their next performance, as they are doing so, they accidentally crash into another spaceship over the planet Anika and lead to the death of a human couple. As the acting troupe explores the downed craft, they discover that their baby survived the crash, the police officer sent to record the crash refuses to look after the baby. Thus the alien acting troupe take it upon themselves to take care of the orphaned child as her new family, through the guidance of the ship's logs to raise her in a way that her biological parents would. The acting troupe expects to only take care of the baby for a few weeks, but five years have elapsed since then, and the acting troupe has settled down into life on the planet Anika as Corona's family and friends. The leader, Mother, and battle robot, Father, play the roles of the baby, Corona's, mother and father. The story starts off as Corona is about to enter kindergarten. The OVA is a self contained story split into four sections, and adapted from the manga's material. Transitioning between spring, summer, autumn, and winter, it highlights on the deep bonds that the alien acting troupe has grown over the years and the genuine care they feel for Corona. When someone comes to pick up Corona, her adoptive mother struggles to decide between whether to do what is best for her child and her urge not to return her to her rightful family. It is eventually revealed that the craft sent to pick her up was not from her home planet, but an alien, Pona, who was looking for lost children to raise on her own. Corona rejects her, saying that she likes staying with her family, and waves goodbye to Pona. Corona's mother finds her, and they reunite, having thought that Corona would return with her people. At its end, she muses to herself that some day, she and her family will eventually have to give up Corona. Development The title of the series is a parody on Swiss Family Robinson. The "Carlvinson" portion of the title likely refers to the USS Carl Vinson, which was active in the Sea of Japan between the 1980s and 1990s. It was often seen in Tokyo harbor during the time Asari had drawn the manga. In turn, the aircraft carrier is named after U.S. congressman from Georgia Carl Vinson, however it is unlikely that Asari was paying homage to the congressman, who was an active supporter of the US Navy during the Second World War, and rather simply having the name be a play on the similar sounding title. Asari, a fan of the science fiction genre, inserted in-group references to contemporary films and other related forms of media. There exists speculation that Space Family Carlvinson is a reference to the series Lost in Space, which was previously Space Family Robinson. Additionally, there are references to other science fiction films such as John Carpenter's The Thing, and Fiend Without a Face. According to historian Fred Patten, around the time of the animated OVA's release, the Cartoon/Fantasy Organization was undergoing a breakup, and thus the ensuing internal conflict resulted in a failure for the OVA to be brought to a wider audience in the United States. Characters Acting troupe/Saucer family A human child whose parents died when they crashed into the acting troupe's spaceship. Rescued as a baby, as her parents protected her as their spaceship crashed and died doing so, the story skips ahead to when she is 5 years old. The acting troupe takes it upon themselves to raise and care for her as if they were her parents, waiting for someone of her own species to take care of her to arrive. Naturally inquisitive and naive, she cares a lot for her family. A fluffy mouse like alien. She is the leader of the travelling acting troupe, and decides that they should raise the orphaned child. She takes up the role as Corona's mother. She serves as the voice of reason within the group. A robotic alien that consists of a detachable head and an interchangeable suit which hovers above the ground. He takes up the role as Corona's father. While stoic, he is also absentminded and easily hurt by Corona's frustrations. He has a mysterious past, and does not share it with the other members of his troupe, but was said to be a former soldier. A humanoid alien resembling an elf with animalistic features. She is extremely strong, and can shift into another form to perform feats of strength. Belka formerly worked as a mercenary and was rivals with Laika. Belka is extremely weak against heat, due to her home planet being cold and icy. She takes up the role of the sheriff of Anika. An alien resembling a human's nervous system complete with a brain, which serves as his head. He is the heir to a great fortune, but ran away from home to join the acting troupe. When a butler is sent to retrieve him, he refuses, saying that he enjoyed his life in Anika. Tah-kun plays the role as Corona's pet squirrel, and as a result, often suffers from Corona's crude methods of having fun. His appearance is inspired by the 1958 film Fiend Without a Face. An alien consisting of a single eye encased in a capsule with two robotic legs attached. He works as the owner of the general store on Anika, and is a shrewd businessman. An alien consisting of a huge oval shaped head and a singular eye with thin limbs. She is constantly with her arms raised in front of her, and does not speak at all. She is the love interest of the Anika native Jun. Her role within the acting troupe and in Anika is unknown. Anika townspeople Black, squid like aliens, with two arms and four legs with yellow teardrop-shaped faces. They evolved from nautili and live in the mountains, but are unable to swim. They bear characters resembling kanji on their forehead that serve to differentiate between each of them, and all are modelled after film directors. They serve mostly as Corona's preschool classmates. Several are named, but 3 often show up: (Nakahara), (Mitsuzuka), and (Kashiwakura). Jun, modelled after Junkichi Oki, a film director, is a hopeless romantic and has a crush on Parker. Ko enjoys fishing, and is modelled after Koichi Kawakita. Jisso, who has the habit of placing objects to obscure parts of his face, and is modelled after Akio Jissoji. A reptilian alien who is able to fly. He is wandering nomad who is sometimes involved with the antics of the locals. Belka's rival from her past as a mercenary, she is a blond haired alien with an irritable personality. Out to defeat Belka, she constantly fails, and lives with the Shovel Mouse. Laika holds immense power due to her heritage, and has wings and a tail. A dog-like alien with the uncanny ability to disembowel himself and detach his head. He is a movie buff in addition to being a film director, and works as the town's theatre owner. His character design and name is inspired by John Carpenter's The Thing. An elderly alien who consists of a single eye and cannot talk. She runs the local candy store. A mysterious humanoid woman alien with long dark hair who shows up for the purposes of becoming the town's kindergarten teacher. Her role in town is to run Anika's kindergarten as Corona's teacher. She is the candy store owner's niece. A koi fish-like alien who, in the spirit of Japanese folktales, became a dragon upon jumping over a waterfall. He inhabits the local swamp in Anika, and is able to transform into any form he wishes to, but is unable to transform into his idealized form if he is critiqued. An alien that resembles a mouse which constantly holds a shovel. He provides housing for Laika and enjoys to dig holes. Media Anime Portions of the manga were adapted into a single 45-minute original video animation (OVA) and animation done by Doga Kobo. The screenplay was done by Michiru Shimada and it was directed by Kimio Yabuki. Corona was voiced by Mayumi Shō, her mother was voiced by Toshiko Fujita and her father was voiced by Tesshō Genda. The OVA features the opening theme "Ichiban Suteki na Love Song" (いちばんステキなラブソング) and the ending theme "Spring Song" (すぷりんぐ・そんぐ) both by Miwako Saito. Manga Space Family Carlvinson was republished multiple times to compile the three runs that the manga had. The following lists the manga volumes published by Kodansha. Kodansha Afternoon KC Kodansha Afternoon KC - SC Full Version Kodansha Manga Bunko Reception Historian Fred Patten writing in Cartoon Research thought that the OVA "had the potential to be so much more" and ended too abruptly, praising its humor and quiet charm due to its combination of sci-fi elements with more mundane everyday elements. Mike Toole writing for Anime News Network described the OVA as "cute, simple, fun to watch" but also noted that it was "100% unmarketable to anyone who isn't either familiar with the comics or an adventuresome cartoon dork" and critiqued the OVA for having little substance. Jason Huff writing in The Anime Review described the style as simplistic but effective, and praised its emotional core and underlying themes. He critiqued its gentle comedy and short length leaving little to develop the secondary cast. Sean O'Mara writing for ZIMMERIT described Space Family Carlvinson as "charming if forgettable", stating that it "holds up better than it has any right to and [it is] easy to recommend". References Kodansha manga Doga Kobo Comedy anime and manga Science fiction anime and manga Animated science fiction films

70110896

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekaterina%20Barteneva

Yekaterina Barteneva

Yekaterina Grigoryevna Barteneva (, née Bronevskaya ()), born in Saint Petersburg on 6 June 1843, died there 1 September 1914, was a Russian socialist and revolutionary. Biography Landowners of noble origin, Yekaterina Barteneva and her husband Viktor Ivanovich Bartenev (1838-1918) left Russia in 1867 for Geneva, where they were part of Bakunin's anarchist movement for a few years, before joining the Russian section of the First International with Nikolai Utin in 1869. The Bartenevs were in Paris during the Commune, where they were acquaintances with Pyotr Lavrov, Anne and Victor Jaclard, Elisabeth Dmitrieff, Louise Michel, and Georges Clemenceau, among others. During the fighting, Barteneva assisted wounded Communards. She would later try, unsuccessfully, to publish a memoir of her time in the Commune with Russkoye Bogatstvo. After the fall of the Commune, she returned to Saint Petersburg. She worked on liberal journals Otechestvennye Zapiski and Delo, was in contact with members of Zemlia i Volia and Narodnaya Volya, and welcomed many populists to her home, such as , Sergey Stepnyak-Kravchinsky, Natalya Armfeldt, Nikolai Kibalchich, Nikolai Morozov, and Olga Lyubatovich. She was involved in the dynamiting of a train and hid Vera Zasulich from police after her assassination of Fyodor Trepov. In July 1876, she gave her properties in the provinces of Kostroma and Yaroslavl to the peasants and went to live in Buy with her friend Natalia Armfeldt. In January 1889, she returned to Paris, where she worked in the Russian section of the Exposition Universelle. In July, she attended the first congress of the Second International and was elected secretary. On her return to Saint Petersburg in September, she joined the illegal social democratic circle founded by Mikhail Brusnev and met, among others, Olga and Vladimir Ulyanov (the future Lenin). She was under police surveillance and, in 1891, her house was searched and illegal publications were discovered there. Relegated by the tsarist authorities to Pskov, she founded a school for workers and a public library there. In August 1898, she was allowed to return to Saint Petersburg. As a member of the menshevik RSDLP, she participated in the demonstrations of the 1905 Revolution. Reduced to poverty, she died of cancer on 1 September 1914 at the for poor women in Saint Petersburg and was buried in Novoderevenskoye cemetery. Family Yekaterina Bronevskaya married Viktor Ivanovich Bartenev, an army officer, in 1863. They had three sons, Viktor (born 1864), Grigory (born 1866), and German (born 1881). Viktor became a revolutionary like his parents and was exiled to Obdorsk. Bibliography (ru) Ivan Knijnik-Vetrov, Barteneva, sotsialistka i pisatelnitsa'' [Barteneva, seltevik is sutesik], « Katorga i ssylka », XI, 1929 References Further reading Members of the International Workingmen's Association Russian feminists Russian socialists Russian socialist feminists Russian revolutionaries People from Saint Petersburg 1843 births 1914 deaths Russian anarchists Narodniks Mensheviks Russian journalists Print journalists

70110934

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%20V%C4%83n%20riot

Đồng Văn riot

The Đồng Văn riot was a conflict that broke out in the Đồng Văn highlands, Hà Giang province in late 1959. The Vietnamese People's Army began a campaign of suppression in early 1960 and quickly quelled the rebellion. Background After 1949, the People's Liberation Army defeated the Kuomintang army of Chiang Kai-shek. A part of Chiang's remnants fled to neighboring countries such as Laos, Burma, and Vietnam, leaning against the rugged mountains and forests to fight the raids of the People's Liberation Army. In Guangxi, the Kuomintang army took the area of ​​the Thousand Mountains and the border with Vietnam as a base. Defeated in 1951, remnants of the Kuomintang army plotted to occupy the Đồng Văn Plateau to establish a base. After the August Revolution, the Hmong king Vương Chí Sình left his mansion in Phó Bảng and moved to live in Sà Phìn palace. The Hmong king later became the nominal chairman of Đồng Văn district, but his actual power was much reduced. After the 1959 People's Council election, the key leadership positions in Đồng Văn were mostly transferred from the aristocracy to the elected government. In the past, although there was a people-elected government, administrative power was still closely tied to the interests of the family. Taking advantage of this situation, the remnants of Chiang's army promoted propaganda and colluded with the old aristocrats of Đồng Văn and Mèo Vạc to incite rebellion to establish an "independent Hmong Kingdom". Hmong king Dương Trung Nhân, supported by the United States and internationally, was about to return to rule Đồng Văn. The Kuomintang troops across the border were painted as an international army returning home to help the king recover the territory. In early 1959, groups of bandits started burning down the committee's headquarters in Phố Cáo, Bạch Đích and Thắng Mố communes. In May 1959, Vương Chí Sình went to Sà Phìn to set up a local force to stop the bandits. However, when he returned to Hanoi, his subordinate Vàng Chúng Dình (former Kuomintang veteran) quickly stepped up armed activities, beyond the control of the former Hmong king. Developments On 30 November 1959, a 40-man bandit platoon led by Vàng Chỉn Cáo locked the Cán Tỷ Heaven Gate, cutting off the arterial road from Hà Giang to . The next day, the band of bandits blocked Heaven's Gate, arrested two groups of horses carrying goods from the province to Đồng Văn, and chased the cadres back. On 9 December, the Central Committee sent father and son Vương Chí Sình to lead a delegation of Fatherland Front cadres to Đồng Văn to negotiate with bandit boss Vàng Chỉn Cáo, persuade them to disband, and not help guide the mob. However, the negotiations failed completely. A week later, a series of areas throughout Đồng Văn district were attacked and looted by bandits. On 12 December, Vàng Chúng Dình led 200 people to attack Đồng Văn town at the same time Vàng Dúng Mỷ attacked Mèo Vạc and robbed a trade store. In Lũng Phìn commune, the bandits destroyed the headquarters of the committee, robbed goods, destroyed the granary, and killed two commercial officials and two people. On 20 December, Phàn Chỉn Sài (Yao ethnicity) sent a group of bandits to attack Na Khê and Bạch Đích, forcing district officials to hang them on a tree as a target for soldiers to shoot. On 28 December, Giàng Quáng Ly occupied Yên Minh while Vàng Chỉn Cáo and Phàn Dền occupied Cán Tỷ and Đông Hà (Quản Bạ). On 28 December, the Politburo instructed the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Public Security, the Party Committee of Việt Bắc and Hà Giang provinces to quickly take measures to quell the riots on the basis of a serious development assessment. The armed police mobile detachment coordinated with local militia and guerrillas, Regiment 246 of Việt Bắc Military Region, and Mobile Battalion 12 of the People's Public Security Command began to attack and sweep across the region. All sites are occupied and operated. After many raids, the armed forces pushed the bandits out of residential areas. Hoàng Văn Bách, Chairman of Đồng Văn town, together with a militia platoon of self-defense forces repelled many attacks on the town of 200 gunmen led by Vàng Chúng Dình. Vàng Chúng Dình sent 300 more troops to attack Đồng Văn again but failed to capture, the gunmen had to run to Ma Lé and Mã Sồ areas close to the border. The armed forces continued their pursuit. The campaign lasted from 29 January 1960 (Lunar New Year's Day) to the end of 31 January, and was successful. Nearly 400 bandits were scattered, most of them surrendered their weapons. Vàng Chúng Dình had to flee to the Thập Vạn Đại Sơn to hide. Vang Cong Dinh was later conspired to be captured by security officers posing as special envoys from the South. The bandit riots gradually subsided, and by 1962 it was completely disbanded. In 1963, the gang leaders were put on trial. References 1960 in Vietnam Hà Giang province 1960 in North Vietnam 1950s in North Vietnam Riots and civil disorder in Asia

70112119

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Moody%20%28detective%29

Bill Moody (detective)

Bill Moody was a detective chief superintendent in the Metropolitan Police in London during the early 1970s. He was the head of the Obscene Publications Squad. He was tried for corruption in 1977, convicted and sentenced to twelve years imprisonment. References Metropolitan Police chief officers Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Place of birth missing (living people) British police officers convicted of crimes

70112257

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Manning%20%28police%20officer%29

David Manning (police officer)

David Manning is the Commissioner of Police in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Since early 2020 he has also been designated as the country's Pandemic Controller in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Early life and education David Manning is the son of Michael J. Manning, an economist and anti-corruption campaigner who was born in Australia and became a naturalized citizen of PNG, and Relly Manning, from East New Britain in PNG. His grandfather, Alan Manning, was one of the founders of the Democratic Labor Party in Australia. Between 1988 and 1993, Manning was educated at Canberra Grammar School. He then studied for a year at the Papua New Guinea University of Technology. His lack of tertiary qualifications was later to cause him difficulties. Career Manning rose rapidly through the ranks of the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC). In 2008 he was appointed as director of the Special Services Division, a unit within the force that has responsibility throughout the country, unlike other police units, which are restricted to certain areas of operation. From 2013 to 2015, he served as security coordinator for the 2015 Pacific Games, which were held in PNG's capital, Port Moresby in July of that year. After that, he was made assistant commissioner of operations, being promoted to deputy commissioner in 2019. In December 2019, seven months after being made a deputy commissioner he was appointed as Commissioner of Police. Manning's appointment to the top position was challenged in the courts by two of the candidates who had failed to be selected for the post. They argued that the post of commissioner required a university degree and that Manning lacked this. Their initial challenge, in January 2021, was successful and Manning was ordered by the judge to vacate the post. He was subsequently allowed to stay in post pending a Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea review of the decision by the lower court judge. In December 2021, the Supreme Court found in Manning's favour. The issue revolved around the fact that two posts had been advertised together, that of Police Commissioner, for which tertiary qualifications were not a requirement, and that of Secretary of State for the Police, for which they were. The expectation of PNG's Public Service Commission was that one person would fill both posts. However, the Supreme Court found that the position of head or secretary of the department of police had no constitutional and statutory foundation in law and thus Manning's appointment as commissioner was legal. In 2020, Manning was also appointed as controller of the COVID-19 pandemic, first with the title of emergency controller and then as the designated pandemic controller. This effectively gave him the power to issue all regulations necessary to try to control the pandemic within the country, including immigration controls, burial arrangements, movement controls, and other social restrictions. Controls on the sale of alcohol led to the death of a senior police officer in May 2020 when he intervened in a dispute between off-duty soldiers and a beer-shop owner. This event seemed likely to lead to a confrontation between the police and the military and was only avoided by a joint intervention by Manning and Brigadier General Gilbert Toropo, head of the armed forces. Following the unrest in 2021 in neighbouring Solomon Islands, a contingent of PNG police was sent to the country as part of a Commonwealth peacekeeping force. In February 2022, Manning was forced to refute allegations that PNG police officers had behaved inappropriately. References External links Manning discusses his role as PNG’s Pandemic Controller Year of birth missing (living people) Papua New Guinean police officers Place of birth missing (living people) Date of birth missing (living people) COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea

70112847

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wollaston%20disaster

Wollaston disaster

The Wollaston disaster was a railway accident that occurred on October 8, 1878, in the Wollaston neighborhood of Quincy, Massachusetts. 19 people were killed and 170 were injured when an incorrectly placed switch caused the derailment of a excursion train returning from a sporting event. The conductor who placed the switch was convicted of manslaughter, however the conviction was overturned on appeal. Silver Lake special A special train had been prepared for spectators returning from the well-attended Reagan-Davis sculling race on Silver Lake in Plympton, Massachusetts. The train was made up of two locomotives, a baggage car where the racing shells were stored, a compartment coach where race officials, journalists, and one of the principals of the race, Patrick Reagan, were seated, and twenty passenger cars. In total the special contained 1,600 to 1,800 passengers. The train was not running on a set schedule and as was the case with late-running special trains, a notice was sent to railroad employees giving the train the right-of-way after 4 pm. It did not depart Silver Lake until around 6:30 pm. Newport freight train At 6:30 pm, the regularly-scheduled Newport local freight train departed Boston. The train, which consisted of an engine and 15 freight cars, was short-staffed as one of the brakemen had gone home sick earlier that day. It was against the rules of the road for the train to go out, however the conductor, Charles H. Hartwell incorrectly assumed that the Silver Lake special had already reached Boston and he was not informed to the contrary. He was instructed to pick up five empty flat cars from the Wollaston Foundry siding. Upon reaching the foundry, two switches were opened and the train was divided to put the cars in the center. Accident Around 7:30 pm, the foundry car was moved across the inward track to the outward track and put in place. At this time, the excursion train approached on the inward track. The freight train's engineer was able to move his engine and all of the cars attached to it out of the way of the Silver Lake special, however there was not enough time between the crossing of the foundry car and the arrival of the Silver Lake special to close the switches. With both switches set wrong, the special should have stayed on the rails and stopped on the siding. However, one of the switches was out of line, causing the special to strike the end of the rail and derail. Several of the excursion train's cars telescoped, the compartment car was smashed, and three or four cars mounted on top of each other. The two locomotives, baggage car, compartment car, and four passenger cars came off the track. The cylinder of the second locomotive entered the side of the compartment car, killing all but one of its occupants. A total of 17 passengers and two railroad employees died and 166 passengers and 4 railroad employees were injured. Investigation and trial The Massachusetts Railroad Commission's investigation into the accident found the engineer and conductor of the freight train to be "guilty of gross and criminal negligence" and called for the arrest of the conductor, Charles H. Hartwell. On October 11, 1878, Massachusetts Attorney General Charles R. Train asked the Massachusetts State Police to arrest Hartwell. Hartwell made a statement to police claiming that he had written orders from his superior to act in the manner he did when the accident occurred. The following day he was arranged on the charge of manslaughter and held on $10,000 bail. A formal inquest was conducted by Judge Everett C. Bumpus. Hartwell's attorney blamed the accident on the Newport train's headlight, which prevented the engineer of the excursion train from seeing the switch and danger signals until it was only a few hundred feet away. The defense counsel contended that had the engineer seen the red switch lights and the signal lantern, the accident would have been prevented. Bumpus found Hartwell was guilty of gross negligence for running short-staffed and not notifying his managers, allowed his train to stand on the outward track unsignalled, and directed his engine to occupy the inward track, and caused the switches to be changed and remained unlocked without leaving the inward track singalled. He also found the engineer of the freight train, Charles H. Hurlburt, to be negligent for occupying the inward track without a signal. As for the excursion train, he concluded that Charles Westgate should not have been engineer of the lead locomotive due to his inexperience with the road. Lastly he criticized the lack of communication, stating that if either the freight train or excursion train had been notified of the other's presence, the accident would have been avoided. Hartwell's trial began on April 22, 1879. On April 24 the jury found him guilty after one hour of deliberation. According to the New York Times, the jurors "would have liked to return a different verdict, but it was impossible" based on the instructions given by the Judge. The Times also noted that "the public sympathy for Hartwell appears to be very general and the feeling that he is made a scapegoat is wide-spread". On February 27, 1880, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court overturned the verdict, holding that the lower court had erred by not requiring the prosecution to prove that Hartwell knew that the arrival of the excursion train was imminent and that there was no evidence to prove this allegation. References 1878 in Massachusetts Accidents and incidents involving Old Colony Railroad October 1878 events Quincy, Massachusetts Railway accidents in 1878 Railway accidents and incidents in Massachusetts

70112876

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadex%20Defence

Cadex Defence

Cadex Defence is a Canadian firearms manufacturer based in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec. It produces high-end bolt action rifles, precision sniper rifles, rifle chassis and defence accessories. The company was founded in 1994 as Cadex. Initially it was specialising in helmet and eyewear testing equipment. In 2000, after it secured a number of orders from military units and police departments, it created the defence division. Cadex Defence worked with Remington Arms to create the Remington RACS chassis for the M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle, a modern revision of Remington Model 700 rifle. The company offers a similar chassis to Remington RACS under the name Cadex Dual Strike. Cadex Defence produces CDX-MC Kraken multi-caliber rifle, which is based on Cadex Dual Strike chassis. The company also produces CDX-40 Shadow rifles. Since 2019, these rifles are used by long-range snipers of the French special forces unit 1st RPIMA. The rifles use .408 Chey Tac chamber. On May 8, 2019, a 2 million CAD contract was awarded to Cadex Inc. to deliver 300 monocular night-vision devices for the Canadian Army Reserves. Cadex Defence rifles typically use barrels from the American company Bartlein Barrels. Apart from that, their gear is entirely Canadian-made. See also Accuracy International References External links Official website Defence companies of Canada Firearm manufacturers of Canada Manufacturing companies based in Quebec Manufacturing companies established in 1994

70112953

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwinyai%20Chingoka

Gwinyai Chingoka

Gwinyai Chingoka (27 September 1982 – 27 January 2022) was a former Zimbabwean tennis player. He represented Zimbabwe at the Davis Cup. He was affectionately known as Shumba in the sporting circles due to his stamina and strength while playing tennis. His father Paul Chingoka was a former President of the Zimbabwe Olympic Committee and former President of Tennis Zimbabwe. His uncle Douglas Chingoka was a basketball player and football player who also turned up in the position as a striker for club Dynamos. Career He was introduced to the sport of tennis at a young age by his father and soon rose to prominence at junior level and was also considered as one of the top junior tennis players in Zimbabwe. He reached his highest career ITF junior ranking of 112 in April 2000 and has recorded a winning percentage of 74 in his junior career. Due to his emergence as a junior level tennis player, he received a tennis scholarship from the Southern Methodist University in Texas, United States. He was adjudged as the Western Athletic Conference Freshman of the Year for 2001–02 season for his commendable performances in sports. He was subsequently named in the Zimbabwean Davis Cup squad for the 2003 Davis Cup. However, he made only one appearance in the team competition at the 2003 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I round in a men's doubles match teaming up with Genius Chidzikwe against Israel which eventually ended up in a losing cause. He also featured in one singles match in the tournament but lost it in straight sets to Israel's Jonathan Erlich. In August 2003, he took part in the Dairibord Zimbabwe Open and reached semi-final round of the tournament after creating a huge upset victory in the quarter-finals over Peter Nyamande who was one of the hot favorites of the tournament. He turned the game on his head and found himself as the top seed in the 2003 Zimbabwe Open with many high-profile local tennis players being absent from the competition owing to various reasons. He also went onto pursue a degree in Economics in the Southern Methodist University in 2001 and graduated from the university in 2005. Once he completed his tennis scholarship in 2005, he returned to his home country Zimbabwe and played tennis for over six years. He later retired from the sport as of late 2011 and then began focusing on coaching junior tennis players. He also worked at Telecel Zimbabwe as a sales representative during his latter part of his life while also being committed as a coach at the Harare Sports Club. Death He sustained severe fractures on his left leg and elbow during a road accident which took place on a late night in Harare on 16 January 2022 when he was on his way to home after attending a private function at the Harare Sports Club. It was reported that he was hit by a car which was incidentally driven by Zimbabwean cricketer Tarisai Musakanda. It was also later revealed that Musakanda had immediately stopped his car at the scene of the accident and had rushed to the West End Hospital taking injured Chingoka in his car. Chingoka died on 27 January 2022 after spending 10 days in the Intensive Care Unit at the age of 39 and the post-morterm report ruled that the road accident was the root cause for his death. Musakanda was later charged with culpable homicide and for failure to report the accident to the police preceding 24 hours of the incident. See also List of Zimbabwe Davis Cup team representatives References 1982 births 2022 deaths Sportspeople from Harare Zimbabwean male tennis players Road incident deaths in Zimbabwe

70113063

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalog%2C%20Postojna

Zalog, Postojna

Zalog (; , ) is a formerly independent settlement in the town of Postojna in southwestern Slovenia. It is part of the traditional region of Inner Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Littoral–Inner Carniola Statistical Region. Geography Zalog is a non-homogenous settlement west of the center of Postojna. The core of the former village has a rural character. It includes the hamlets of Kazarje (or Kozarje, ) and Pasje Hiše (literally, 'dog houses'), which refers to dog kennels maintained by the Italian police before the Second World War. The village has extensive pastures and partially swampy meadows. Name The name Zalog is a fused prepositional phrase that has lost case inflection: za + log, literally 'behind a partially forested (marshy) meadow near water' or 'behind woods near a settlement'. History Zalog was annexed by Postojna in 1994, ending its existence as an independent settlement. Church The church in Zalog is dedicated to the Prophet Daniel. It stands south of the village, near the freeway from Ljubljana to Razdrto. It is a late Gothic structure with a rib-vaulted chancel with three exterior walls and a rectangular nave, and it has a bell tower and a large portico facing the west. It was renovated in 1625. The church is roofed with rounded tiles. Notable people Notable people that were born or lived in Zalog include: (1901–1921), poet References External links Zalog on Geopedia Populated places in the Municipality of Postojna Former settlements in Slovenia

70113293

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20J.%20Winston

Louis J. Winston

Louis J. Winston (1844-1918) was a lawyer, policeman, assessor, port collector, landowner, and newspaper publisher in Mississippi. He was born in Natchez, Mississippi. He published the Natchez Reporter from 1890 to 1909. He worked as a lawyer in Greenville, Mississippi. A bronze bust of him by Isaac Scott Hathaway is atop his grave. A historical marker commemorate Winston's life. References External links Findagrave entry 19th-century American newspaper editors 1844 births 1918 deaths

70113602

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorraine%2C%20Port%20Elizabeth

Lorraine, Port Elizabeth

Lorraine is a western suburb of Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape in South Africa. Location Lorraine is located 13 km west of Port Elizabeth's city centre and borders the suburbs of Beverly Grove, Weybridge Park and Woodlands to the north, Goldwater to the north-east, Fairview to the east, Theescombe to the south and Kamma Park to the west. Lorraine is located a few kilometres south of the N2 highway and is connected to the N2 via the M7 Bramlin Street and M12 Kragga Kamma Road. The N2 highway connects to Humansdorp and Cape Town to the west and Makhanda to the east. Facilities Lorraine has no police station however it falls under the jurisdiction of the Walmer Police Station just 10 km west of Lorraine. Lorraine also has no hospitals, but the nearest hospitals is the Nurture Aurora Hospital in Walmer Downs for people with disabilities and the Netcare Greenacres Hospital. Despite not having a hospital Lorraine does however include a frail care centre. Lorraine has two shopping centre, Kamma Crossing and The Gardens Shopping Centre. Nearby and larger shopping centers are Baywest Mall and Greenacres Shopping Centre. Education Schools in Lorraine include Lorraine Primary School and the Amadeus Independent School. Nearby schools include Kabega Christian Independent School, Sunridge Primary School, St Joseph's RC School, Curro Westbrook, Westering High School and Westering Primary School amongst others. Referencing Port Elizabeth

70115285

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Beledweyne%20bombing

2022 Beledweyne bombing

On 19 February 2022, an al-Shabaab suicide bomber killed 14 people at a restaurant in Beledweyne, Somalia. Background The Islamist militant group al-Shabaab - the Somali branch of al-Qaeda - began their insurgency during the 2006-2009 phase of the Somali Civil War. They took part in battles in Beledweyne, Hiran, Hirshabelle State in 2008, 2010 and 2011. In 2009, they carried out a suicide car bombing at a hotel there, killing 57 people. In 2013, they carried out suicide attacks there at a restaurant and a police station. Bombing During the morning of 19 February 2022, a suicide bomber detonated a bomb in a restaurant in Beledweyene. It killed 14 people - including a candidate in the same month's election - and injured at least another 12. On the same day, al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the attack. See also Mogadishu bombing References 2022 murders in Africa 2020s building bombings 2020s murders in Somalia 21st-century mass murder in Somalia Al-Shabaab (militant group) attacks Attacks on buildings and structures in 2022 Attacks on restaurants in Africa 2022 bombing Building bombings in Somalia February 2022 crimes February 2022 events in Africa Islamic terrorist incidents in 2022 Mass murder in 2022 Somali Civil War (2009–present) Suicide bombings in 2022 Suicide bombings in Somalia Terrorist incidents in Somalia in 2022

70115863

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alun%20Kyte

Alun Kyte

Alun Kyte (born 7 July 1964), known as the Midlands Ripper, is an English double murderer and suspected serial killer. He was convicted in 2000 of the murders of two sex workers, 20-year-old Samo Paull and 30-year-old Tracey Turner, who he killed in December 1993 and March 1994 respectively. After his conviction, investigators announced their suspicions that Kyte could have been behind a number of other unsolved murders of sex workers across Britain in the 1980s and 1990s. He was apprehended due to the ground-breaking investigations of a wider police enquiry named Operation Enigma, which was launched in 1996 in response to the murders of Paull, Turner and of a large number of other sex workers. Kyte was sentenced to a minimum of 25 years imprisonment for the murders of Paull and Turner. Operation Enigma, which re-reviewed the unsolved murders of more than 200 sex workers and vulnerable women across Britain since 1986, continues to influence police investigations today and was described as the first step towards the creation of a violent crime database in Britain. Early life Kyte was originally born in Tittensor, Stoke-on-Trent in 1964. He grew up in Stafford. Kyte was said to be a sickly youngster who suffered from severe asthma, and his family doted on him constantly. After leaving school he worked in a series of odd jobs and eventually became a lorry driver. He was described as a loner and was said to have a violent hatred of women and an unusual interest in prostitutes. He was rarely seen with women and often lived in hostels or bed and breakfasts. He would regularly travel hundreds of miles across Britain, telling acquaintances he was looking for work. He was known at several hospitals and surgeries as he'd seek medication for a number of complaints as he travelled around the country. Criminal activity Kyte's itinerant lifestyle allowed him to travel the country in order to scour out his chosen victims of prostitutes. He would in particular frequent motorway service stations. He would ask for services from prostitutes before attacking and robbing them, or both. He was also a prolific conman, involving himself in petty fraud in cheating drivers out of money by claiming he'd 're-tuned' their cars. He changed cars frequently and also used the cars belonging to his supposed customers to trawl the motorways. He would occasionally drive up to 1,000 miles in people's cars and then return them to unwitting customers. Murder of Samo Paull In December 1993, Kyte picked up 20-year-old sex worker Samo Paull from Birmingham's Balsall Heath red light district. She was a single parent. She was reported missing on 4 December and was missing for more than three weeks before her partially-clothed body was spotted by a horse rider on 31 December. She was lying in a water-filled ditch by a lay-by outside Swinford, Leicestershire. This was 38 miles from where she was last seen in Birmingham. The site was near to junction 20 of the M1 motorway. Because of the remoteness of the location, there was no CCTV evidence or any people living nearby who could provide information. All of Paull's possessions had been stolen. Detectives originally focused their enquiries on Paull's boyfriend. A key witness was a woman who had seen a man in a Brown Ford Sierra car drive through Swinford in early December with a woman in the back seat who appeared to be dead. The witness had previously worked as pathologist and so had experience in examining deceased individuals. The woman was sitting "bolt upright" and had strange marks on her face. The car was covered in mud and the driver appeared to not want to be seen, pulling a hat over his face. When Turner was found dead on 31 December she insisted to police that the dead woman she had seen being driven around was Turner. Murder of Tracey Turner On 2 March 1994, Central Television broadcast a reconstruction of Paull's murder, however, it had a disastrous effect, since Kyte saw the broadcast and it fuelled his desire to attack another victim. Shortly after the broadcast he abducted 30-year-old Tracey Turner from Hilton Park Services on the M6 Motorway. Turner regularly worked out of motorway service stations across the country. She was virtually deaf. She was found dead the next day at Bitteswell, near Lutterworth, 52 miles from where she was last seen. Similarly to Paull she had been dumped near the M1 motorway, this time near to junction 19. She had been raped, stripped and strangled. She was dumped by the side of the road and was found only six miles from where Paull had been found dead. Police concluded that she had been transported to the location by car and dumped by the side of the road by the killer. At first, no connection was made to the murder of Samo Paull only three months earlier. An initial suspect was a man who was thought to have been seen speaking to Turner at Hilton Park services. His car's registration was checked and he was traced to Glasgow, but after speaking with him investigators found no evidence to link him to the murder and he was released. Two days after the murder, Kyte was seen at the service station posing as a newspaper reporter. He told staff he was conducting an investigation into prostitution. Initial inquiries into the murders of Paull and Turner drew a blank and Kyte was not apprenhended. Other known 1994 attack It is known that Kyte also attacked a second sex worker in 1994. In March of that year he picked up a sex worker again from the Balsall Heath area of Birmingham and drove to a dark area before pulling out a Stanley knife and holding it to her neck. He ordered her to give him her belongings and take her clothes off, but after she begged for her life and told her killer that she was three months pregnant Kyte told her to get out and threw her clothes after her. The victim reported the attack to the police but he was not apprehended. 1997 attack and imprisonment In December 1997, Kyte committed a violent attack and rape of a woman at knife-point in Weston-super-Mare. She had been staying in the same hostel as Kyte and was attacked by him there one night. She managed to escape and report the incident to the police. Police turned up at the hostel and arrested Kyte. Kyte was found guilty of the attack at trial and sentenced to 8 years imprisonment. Murder investigations Operation Enigma At the time, police in Britain were often ineffective at solving the murders of prostitutes. The victims received markedly less sympathy from detectives, their murders were rarely featured prominently in the media, and sex workers were often blamed for making themselves vulnerable. In the six months after Paull's death, four other sex workers, including Tracey Turner, were murdered across Britain, and Leicestershire Police detectives asked for a cross-force investigation. Many of Kyte's crimes were committed across force boundaries, and there was often difficulties in running investigations into such crimes and in sharing resources between forces. The increasing number of unexplained prostitute deaths in the 90s eventually led to the creation in 1996 of Operation Enigma, which was intended to review the unsolved murders of up to 207 women dating back to 1986 which were committed against sex workers or women who "could have been mistaken for sex workers". The operation was run by the National Crime Faculty in Hampshire, and made use of tracking and data analysis techniques from Canada as well as new forensic techniques which detectives hoped would upgrade crime scene samples. Enigma was one of the first steps towards a database for violent crime analysis, and many of its features influence present-day police investigations. Detectives concluded that many murders of sex workers in the 90s appeared to have been committed by the same person and investigated the theory that a serial killer or serial killers could be at large. 14 murders were in particular said to have similarities and Enigma concluded that up to four serial killers could be at large. Many of the unsolved murders Enigma investigated were clustered in the Midlands and in Merseyside. Information was shared between police forces around Britain. Detectives concluded that the similar murders of Paull and Turner were likely linked. Arrest and conviction for murders When Kyte was arrested in December 1997 for the attack on the woman in Weston-super-Mare, his DNA was taken as part of standard procedure when arresting individuals suspected of a crime. This DNA profile was uploaded onto the national DNA database in March 1998, which revealed a match to a sample taken from the scene of Tracey Turner's murder in 1994. Both Turner's and Paull's murder investigations were then re-opened by Enigma investigators. Kyte was interviewed by these detectives, who decided not to disclose that they had found a DNA link in order to see what his defence would be. He subsequently denied ever using prostitutes. He denied ever having pretended to be a newspaper reporter ay Hilton Park Services, but CCTV had captured him doing it. He then revealed that he owned a brown Ford Sierra car, the same type as had been seen by the witness transporting a dead body near to where Samo Paull was found dead. Soon after Kyte was charged with the murders of both Turner and Paull. At trial, forensic experts said the chances of the DNA found on Turner belonging to anyone else was 33 million to one. Kyte's fellow prison inmates testified that he had boasted of the murders while imprisoned for his 1997 attack. They stated that he had told them that he had killed Turner because she laughed at him during sex, which infuriated him. The prosecution said that the two murders were linked by "type, origin and disposal". Kyte put in a last-minute defence that the reason his semen was found on Turner was because he regularly used prostitutes and had consensual sex with her, saying: "You meet people and have sex with them or a one-night stand and you don't remember it". However, the jury did not believe him and he was found guilty of both murders by unanimous decision. He was given a minimum 25-year tariff. Kyte was labelled the "Midlands Ripper" in the press, in part because he was also suspected of having multiple other victims. Investigations into other possible victims Operation Enigma had investigated Kyte's potential links to some of the other 200+ cold cases it was re-investigating. Because Kyte lived an itinerant lifestyle and drove across the country, it was believed he could be responsible for other unsolved murders across Britain. In prison Kyte allegedly boasted of killing 12 women in total, which the detective in charge of investigations into his two known murders said "could be true". He is said to have stated to inmates that "you don't pay for that kind of women". There were reports in the media that detectives feared Kyte could have more victims than Peter Sutcliffe. After his conviction in 2000, Leicestershire Police took the unusual step of issuing every police force in Britain with his details and a tape recording of his voice. Detectives in particular noted that Kyte was not known to have committed any attacks between 1994 and 1997, and stated that they suspected that there could have been other unknown victims between these dates. There were several murders that took place when Kyte was known to have been in the vicinity, and it was revealed after Kyte's 2000 conviction that detectives were already planning to speak to Kyte about such murders. Many were committed near motorways or the victim's bodies were found near motorways, similarly to Paull and Turner. The murders investigators announced as possible Kyte victims were: Yvonne Coley, Birmingham, May 1984. Gail Whitehouse, Wolverhampton, October 1990. Janine Downes, Wolverhampton, February 1991. Kyte was working in the area at the time. Lynne Trenholme, Chester, June 1991. Barbara Finn, Coventry, October 1992. Natalie Pearman, Norwich, November 1992. Carol Clarke, Gloucester, March 1993. Kyte was living in Weston-super-Mare at the time, 20 miles from her flat in Bristol. Dawn Shields, Sheffield, May 1994. Kyte had recently moved to a residence near to the place she was abducted from and the murder was said to have all the hallmarks of a Kyte killing. Sharon Harper, Grantham, July 1994. Julie Finlay, Liverpool, August 1994. Kyte was said to have detailed knowledge of the area she was found. Tracey Wylde, Glasgow, November 1997. A link between Kyte and these murders could not be proven at the time because there was no DNA evidence in these cases. However, Enigma detectives believed that Kyte was responsible for other murders. Leicestershire Police assistant chief constable David Colman stated: "I do not believe that we have uncovered the full extent of his criminality and, in particular, there is every reason to believe he may have been responsible for other serious attacks on women". Operation Enigma concluded that there were notable similarities between the murders of Whitehouse, Trenholme, Pearman, Clarke and Shields. Some of the suggested links between Kyte and these murders were later disproven: In 2017, Norfolk Police revealed they had DNA evidence in the Natalie Pearman case, and in 2019 another man was convicted of Wylde's murder. Kyte was originally also linked to the murder of Celine Figard in 1995, but another man was later convicted of the killing. Investigators already have fingerprint evidence in the Trenholme case. The murder of Dawn Shields was covered in a 2013 documentary as part of the Killers Behind Bars: The Untold Story series. The presenter David Wilson spoke to detectives who were on the Shields case and they visited the site where she was found. Kyte continues to be regularly linked to many of these murders and to other unsolved killings in the press. Imprisonment Kyte had an appeal against his conviction rejected in February 2001. In 2013 it was announced that Kyte had failed in an appeal against the length of his 25-year minimum sentence. Kyte had argued that the sentence was "too long". It was revealed that Kyte had accepted his culpability in relation to Turner's murder yet had continued to deny any involvement in the murder of Paull. The judge said that he had not made enough progress in prison to qualify for a reduction in his sentence. Because his appeal was rejected, Kyte will remain in prison until at least 2025. In popular culture Books In 2001, criminal profiler Professor Paul Britton, who worked with detectives on the case, released a book titled Picking up the Pieces which included a section on the case. In 2007, author Nigel Cawthorne published a book titled The Mammoth Book of Killers at Large which featured a chapter on Operation Enigma. In 2009, author Vanessa Howard published a book which featured a chapter noting possible links between Kyte and the murder of Birmingham sex worker Janine Downes in 1991. The book was titled Britain's Ten Most Wanted: The Truth Behind the Most Shocking Unsolved Murders. In 2012, author Stephen Wade included a chapter on Kyte in his book DNA Crime Investigations: Solving Murder and Serious Crime Through DNA and Modern Forensics. Television In 2013, Channel 5 broadcast a documentary with high-profile criminologist David Wilson which covered the murder of Dawn Shields, one of Kyte's suspected victims. The episode was part of the Killers Behind Bars: The Untold Story series and was focused on possible links between unsolved crimes and Stephen Griffiths (although Wilson concluded links to Griffiths were unlikely). Wilson spoke to investigators who were on the Shields case and visited the site she was found. In 2019, Quest released a documentary on Kyte titled Alun Kyte: The Midlands Ripper. It was released as part of the British Police: Our Toughest Cases series and was the fifth episode of series 1. It featured interviews with detectives who investigated Kyte. In 2020, retired detective Jackie Malton released a documentary on Kyte on CBS Reality as part of her The Real Prime Suspect series. The episode was the fourth episode of series two and was titled A Serial Killer in the Making?. See also Peter Sutcliffe (Yorkshire Ripper) Anthony Hardy (Camden Ripper) Jack the Ripper Stephen Griffiths, killer of three prostitutes in Bradford in 2009 and 2010 Steve Wright, killer of five prostitutes in Ipswich in 2006 Murders of Jacqueline Ansell-Lamb and Barbara Mayo, unsolved murders committed on British motorways by a similarly transient killer Operation Anagram, a similarly named country-wide police investigation into the activities of transient British serial killer Peter Tobin References Cited works External links Prime Video link to 2019 Kyte documentary 1964 births Living people Male murderers 20th-century British criminals Leicester Crime in Leicestershire Murder in Leicestershire Crime in Bristol Crime in Somerset British male criminals British people convicted of murder British prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment 1993 crimes in the United Kingdom Suspected serial killers 1994 crimes in the United Kingdom 1997 crimes in the United Kingdom Murder in England Prisoners and detainees of England and Wales 1993 murders in the United Kingdom 1994 murders in the United Kingdom 1993 in England 1994 in England 2000 in England Violence against sex workers in the United Kingdom

70116397

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panorama%20%28German%20television%29

Panorama (German television)

Panorama is the oldest German current affairs television magazine, first aired on 4 June 1961. It is produced by Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR), and is aired every third week on Thursdays at 21:45, alternating with Monitor and by Das Erste. Anja Reschke has been moderator since 2001. It became popular, with often controversial topics leading to broader dscussions and legal consequences. History Panorama was initiated in 1961 by Rüdiger Proske, then director of the department of current events () of Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR). It was designed following the model of the successful Panorama that the BBC had aired from 1953. It was the first political television magazine in Germany, aired by ARD. Spectacular reports made it popular and controversial. In 2008, a new format began, Panorama – Die Reporter. Its reports about the textile company KiK, Carsten Maschmeyer and AWD received several awards. In 2012, an addition format began as a weekly magazine of the NDR, moderated by Susanne Stichler until 2021, and then by and Lea Struckmeier alternating. Controversies Cirital reports often caused legal persecution. After 1978 reports about the Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant, the NDR state contract was terminated In 1962, police arrested a Panorama team in Geldern for filming for a report about a teacher who had been an SS guard under the Nazi regime. In fall the same year, members of the federal government criticised Panorama for "torpedoing" its measures ("Maßnahmen der Bundesregierung zu torpedieren"). In 1974, when Peter Merseburger ran the magazine, a report about an abortion by Alice Schwarzer, at the time a criminal act, was cancelled by authorities (Intendantenkonferenz) last minute. Merseburger did not moderate the broadcast in protest, and a speaker read his texts. In 1988, a lawyer of Oskar Lafontaine prevented a critical report four minutes bevor the broadcast began.einen kritischen Bericht nur vier Minuten vor Sendebeginn. In 1999, then-chancellor Helmut Kohl evaded a question from a Panorama reporter, saying that Panorama had nothing to do with journalism ("Ich habe überhaupt nicht die Absicht mit Ihnen 'n Interview (zu machen […] Sie sind doch von „Panorama“ […] Wissen's doch, was das heißt. Sie haben doch mit Journalismus nix zu tun.“). Awards In 2018, authors of Panorama received the Grimme-Preis for exceptional journalism () in the category "Information und Kultur" for a report of the 2017 G20 Hamburg summit. In March 2020, the Panorama authors and Jonas Schreijäg received the Grimme-Preis for their documentary SeaWatch3. Moderators (1961–1963) Rolf Menzel (1961–1963) Joachim Besser (1961–1963) Rüdiger Proske (1961–1963) (1963) (1963) (1963) Walter Menningen (1963) Guido Schütte (1963) Dietrich Koch (1963–1964) Eugen Kogon (1964) Joachim Fest (1965–1966) Peter Merseburger (1967–1975) (1975–1976) Ulrich Happel (1977) (1978–1981) (1981–1987) (1987–1996) (1997–2001) Anja Reschke (from 2001) Literature Anja Reschke: Die Unbequemen. Wie Panorama die Republik verändert hat. Redline-Verlag, Munich 2011, , . References External links External links Das Panorama-Archiv (episodes from 50 years) NDR Current affairs shows Norddeutscher Rundfunk Das Erste original programming 1961 establishments

70116941

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew%20Saunders

Lew Saunders

Lew Saunders (born October 6) is an American film and television actor. He is known for playing the role of "Officer Gene Fritz" in 28 episodes of the American crime drama television series CHiPs from 1977 to 1979. Saunders made an appearance in football for which he played for the Atlanta Falcons. He began his career in 1975, where he appeared in the police procedural television series Bronk. Saunders guest-starred in television programs, including, The A-Team, L.A. Law, Riptide, Trapper John, M.D., Hunter, Hardcastle and McCormick, Murder, She Wrote, Quincy, M.E., Jake and the Fatman, Dynasty and Matt Houston. He also appeared in the films, such as, Cocktail, Terror Among Us and Demonoid (as "Sergeant Leo Matson"). Saunders played the role of "Officer Gene Fritz" in the first-two seasons in the new NBC crime drama television series CHiPs from 1977 to 1979. He only appeared in the third season for one episode. Saunders retired his career in 1998, last appearing in the drama television film The Rat Pack, where he played the role of "Big John". References External links Rotten Tomatoes profile Living people Place of birth missing (living people) Year of birth missing (living people) American male television actors American male film actors 20th-century American male actors 20th-century African-American people 21st-century African-American people

70117382

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuzhou%20chained%20woman%20incident

Xuzhou chained woman incident

The Xuzhou chained woman incident (), also known as the Xuzhou eight-child mother incident (), is a case of human trafficking, severe mistreatment, and subsequent events that came to light in late January 2022 in Feng County, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. The video of a mentally disturbed and imprisoned woman who was chained to a wall and who gave birth to eight children went viral on China's internet and sparked a huge public outcry. Due to strict political control and censorship of media in China, many of the country's top investigative journalists left the profession in the 2010s. As a result, Chinese internet users who demanded answers had to dig into the story themselves. Some netizens were arrested while investigating the case, as the incident unfolded during the politically sensitive period of the 2022 Winter Olympics. Local officials first dismissed the human trafficking claims on 28 January, by saying the woman had been legitimately married to a local man and was mentally ill. However, facing continuous public pressure, Chinese authorities later conducted two higher-level investigations that led to the arrests of two people suspected of human trafficking, as well as the woman's husband for "illegal detention". Authorities have also punished 17 officials in the county for "dereliction of duty" in the handling of the case. Incident On January 28, 2022, a TikTok (also known as Douyin in China) user published a video in which Dong Zhimin dresses his children and eats in his room, while his wife, known as Yang, is chained by Dong to a wall in a dilapidated hut next to the family's large house in the middle of winter. Yang wears no shoes, has messy hair and muddy cheeks, and her food is seen scattered on the floor. After the video went viral, the Feng County propaganda department issued a statement, saying that Yang is legally married to Dong, that there is no human trafficking involved, and that Yang was diagnosed with mental illness. Two days later, local authorities issued another statement, saying that Yang was a beggar and was taken in by Dong's late father in 1998, though her identity was not verified when Dong registered for marriage, adding that Yang's condition has been worsening since 2021, hence the dog chain to "prevent her from hurting others". Investigations On February 7, 2022, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) committee of Xuzhou and its municipal government issued a statement, saying that Yang originally came from Fugong County, Yunnan, who got divorced in 1996. A woman surnamed Sang from the same village took Yang to Jiangsu for medical treatment. According to Sang, Yang wandered off when they got off the train, but she neither called the police nor informed Yang's family. On February 10, 2022, the Xuzhou official investigation team gave another statement saying that the incident is indeed human trafficking. Dong, Sang, and her husband are the suspects of the case. The three people have since been arrested and detained. The Xuzhou authorities' report, however, has not quelled the public's skepticism, including questions over the true identity of the woman in chains. Due to strict political control and censorship of media in China, many of the country's top investigative journalists left the profession in the 2010s. As a result, Chinese internet users who demanded answers had to dig into the story themselves. Some visited Yang's home village and other places to conduct interviews. On February 11, two female volunteers were reportedly detained by the police in Feng County while investigating the case. On February 17, 2022, the CCP committee of Jiangsu province was reported to have set up another investigation team to conduct a "full investigation into the incident of the chained woman in Feng County". The investigation found the true identity of the woman as Xiao Huamei, and confirmed that she was a victim of multiple human trafficking crimes and released a detailed timeline. The police have detained six people and fired eight lower-level Communist Party officials during the investigation, for various reasons including failing to protect the public's interest and publishing false information. Reactions The incident has been reported by a number of media outlets outside of China, including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, BBC News, and Deutsche Welle. Commentators expressed concern over Chinese women's wellbeing. Radio Free Asia commented that the incident reflects the lack of protection of women's rights in China, adding that almost no official media in China investigated or reported on the incident. The event is particular in that it unfolded during the already controversial 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, with people demanding answers despite the increasingly censored and politically sensitive space of Chinese internet. Geling Yan, a renowned Chinese-American author and screenwriter, was censored on China's internet after commenting on the incident. Mo Shaoping, a Chinese lawyer who previously represented Liu Xiaobo, said that if Yang is mentally ill, a rape investigation against Dong should also be conducted. Some commentators questioned whether there was female infanticide involved in the case, since seven of the eight children by Yang and Dong are boys, a highly unlikely event. Notes References Kidnappings Human trafficking Sex crimes Sexual abuse January 2022 events Human trafficking in China Incidents of violence against women Feng County, Jiangsu

70118273

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagawa%20Kanbei

Sagawa Kanbei

, also known as Sagawa Naoki was a military figure of the Aizu Domain at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate. He was also a police officer in the Meiji era before being killed at the Siege of Kumamoto Castle. Biography Bakumatsu Era He was born as the son of Naomichi Sagawa, a samurai of the Aizu Domain. In 1862, he followed the feudal lord, Matsudaira Katamori, and served as a head of the school before serving as a school magistrate. In January 1868, when the Boshin War broke out, Kanbei served the Aizu Domain and participated at the Battle of Toba–Fushimi with his service during the battle earning him the nickname of Kikanbei. After the battle, he returned to Aizu and went to participate at the Battle of Hokuetsu, but when the war situation became unfavorable, he left the front with the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei clans and returned to Aizu. In the Battle of Aizu on August 29, he led about 1,000 elites and was appointed commander of the castle outing, but he was drunk with the sake received from the feudal lord on the night before the departure, and was defeated late in the sortie early on in the Battle of Chomeiji. However, in the Battle of Zaimoku-Cho (Sumiyoshi Kawara) on September 5, he led a small number of soldiers and defeated the new Imperial Japanese Army and secured food for Aizuwakamatsu Castle. After the end of the Boshin War, he was suspended in Tokyo with the feudal lords, elders, and young people. Meiji Era When the former Aizu domain was revived as the Tonami Domain, he moved to Gonohe, Aomori Prefecture. After the Abolition of the han system, he served at the Metropolitan Police Department in 1874 after Chief Kawaji Toshiyoshi praised him for his service during the Boshin War, and was appointed as the First Grand Inspector. In the Satsuma Rebellion, he served as the first platoon leader of the Bungoguchi No. 1 Police Corps from the beginning of the war. In Aso District, Kumamoto, he was killed in the war due to being shot while fighting at a melee fight during the Siege of Kumamoto Castle. He died at the age of 47. He was buried at and Chofuku-ji Temple in Kitakata City, Fukushima Prefecture. Legacy Several monuments in Minamiaso, Kumamoto are dedicated to Kanbei. References Bibliography Aizu Historical Meeting All about the Aizu War New People Visiting Company, 1980 1831 births 1877 deaths Meiji Restoration People of the Boshin War Military personnel from Fukushima Prefecture People of Meiji-period Japan People killed in the Satsuma Rebellion

70119779

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umer%20Sheikh

Umer Sheikh

CCPO Muhammad Umer Sheikh is a Pakistani police officer belongs to Khanpur, Rahim Yar Khan District, Punjab. Sheikh received his early education from a government school. His parents had migrated from Daska on the outskirts of Sialkot to Khanpur. His father was in the leather business. Sheikh did his MBA from University of the Punjab Lahore and then passed the CSS exam. Hoping to become a police officer, he started re-preparing for CSS, this time succeeding in gaining a prominent position and then he started his police career with the 20th Common Group. He has also studied cybercrime and digital forensics at George Washington University in the United States. He has also received training in London from the British intelligence agency MI6. Omar Sheikh has also served as Director General of Anti-Terrorism in Motorway Police and National Counter Terrorism Authority. In his 28-year police career, Omar Sheikh has been the police chief of ten districts of Sindh and Punjab from 1997 to 2008. References Living people Pakistani police officers People from Rahim Yar Khan District University of the Punjab alumni George Washington University alumni Pakistani civil servants Pakistani people

70120148

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20bathhouse%20tragedy

Lawrence bathhouse tragedy

The Lawrence bathhouse tragedy occurred on June 30, 1913, when the railings of a runway leading to a municipal bathhouse in Lawrence, Massachusetts gave way and sent 50 to 75 boys into the Merrimack River, causing 11 of them to drown. Tragedy June 30 was opening day for Lawrence's bathhouses. A crowd of 50 to 75 boys were waiting on the runway leading to the municipal bathhouses near the end of McFarlin Court for the city's bathhouse keeper, William Blythe, to return from dinner. Around 2 pm, as Blythe approached, the children reportedly began jumping up and down in excitement. Without warning the runway sagged about 18 at the end closest to the bathhouses and the railings gave way under the weight of the boys forced against them. Bathers quickly entered the water to assist those who were struggling under the platform. The manager of a nearby boathouse contacted the police and officers with grappling hooks and an ambulance were dispatched to the scene. Physicians were also called to resuscitate the victims. The first three bodies were recovered by two members of the Lawrence Canoe Club, which was located on the opposite shore. The police recovered the other eight and divers were deployed to look for more, but none were found. Aftermath Mayor Michael A. Scanlon ordered the flags on all city buildings to be flown at half-mast. The city council voted to give the families of the deceased children $100 to assist with funeral expenses. One day after the tragedy, the city's commissioner of public property, John O. Battershill, closed all of the city bathhouses. Battershill stated that the bottom timbers of the 18-year old bathhouses had "become water logged and unsafe". Three builders appointed by Mayor Scanlon to inspect the bathhouse where the accident occurred reported that the lumber in the bathhouses was unsound and recommended that they be condemned. The city's bathhouses never reopened. On August 10, 1913, three of the city's bathhouses, including the one where the children drowned, were destroyed by arson. Police believed that the fires may have been set by one of the parents whose child had died in the disaster. Judge J. J. Mahoney held an inquest into the disaster. He found that the accident was caused by inadequate support of the runway and railing and that the accident could have been prevented if the runway had been supported by two ledger boards instead of one. He blamed the drownings on Battershill, who was in charge of repairs made to the bathhouse. Battershill resigned shortly after the report was released. Lawrence was sued by several of the parents, but the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that a municipality could not be sued for loss of life at a public place of recreation. Henry Hinchcliffe, a 16-year old who was reported to have rescued 17 boys, was awarded the Carnegie Medal for Bravery and had his college tuition paid for by the Carnegie Hero Fund. References 1913 in Massachusetts 1913 disasters in the United States Deaths by drowning in the United States Disasters in Lawrence, Massachusetts June 1913 events Man-made disasters in the United States Merrimack River

70120723

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somkid%20Pumpuang

Somkid Pumpuang

Somkid Pumpuang (; born 1964), known as Kid the Ripper (Thai: คิดเดอะริปเปอร์), is a Thai serial killer who was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for murdering five masseuses from January to June 2005. After having his sentence reduced to 13 years and released in 2019, he murdered another woman seven months later, for which he was convicted and sentenced to death. Early life Somkid Pumpuang was born in 1964, in the Thung Song district. When he was eight years old, his father deposited him to live with his uncle, and during this time, Pumpuang would start stealing. One day, after he stole a teacher's bicycle, he was expelled from school. When he was 14 or 15 years old, his uncle found him work at a sawmill in the Thung Song district, where Pumpuang dealt with driving rubberwood. Eventually, his uncle caught him stealing money from his employer, resulting in Pumpuang being kicked out and moving back in with his father in Trang province, with whom he would quarrel regularly and would continue to steal. Eventually, he was forced to flee the village after he was attacked by a group of teenagers, causing him to travel around the country. Murders From January 30 to June 21, 2005, Pumpuang would kill five women in several provinces, usually by strangling or tying them up and holding their heads underwater. The killings would take place in hotels, and he would usually steal items like cellphones from them. The victims were the following: Warunee Phimphabutr, café singer: hands tied behind her back with her own bra and drowned in a bathtub in a hotel in Mueang Mukdahan district, Mukdahan province on January 30. A gold necklace, mobile phone, and a motorcycle were stolen. Phongphan Sapchai, masseuse: strangled in a hotel in Mueang Lampang district, Lampang province on June 4. Patcharee Amatanirand, café singer: strangled with a wire in a hotel in Thap Thiang subdistrict, Trang province on June 11. Porntawan Pangkabutr, masseuse: strangled in a hotel in Mueang Udon Thani district, Udon Thani province on June 18. Sompong Pimpornpirm, masseuse: strangled in a mansion in Mueang Buriram district, Buriram province on June 21. Arrest, trial, and detention Six days after the final murder, Pumpuang was arrested while leading a young woman to a hotel in Chaiyaphum, where officers from the Crime Suppression Division found a cellphone stolen from the final victim. After linking all five cases back to him, he was charged with five counts of murder and theft, during which the prosecution sought the death sentence in three of the murders. However, Pumpuang pleaded guilty in four of them (with the exception of Amatanirand), which resulted in an automatic life sentence, coupled with the remaining two life sentences that were sought. Following multiple grants of mass clemency over the years, Pumpuang's sentence was eventually reduced to 13 years imprisonment, scheduling his release date for 2019. During his imprisonment, he was described as a model inmate, which heavily contributed to the reduction of his sentence. Release and new murder On May 17, 2019, Pumpuang was released from the Nong Khai Provincial Prison and shortly after began dating 51-year-old Nang Rassamee, a housekeeper at a local hotel. On December 15 of that year, the couple's neighbors reported that they had apparently been arguing until the evening, when everything suddenly went quiet. After she did not come out of the apartment to leave for work on the following morning, the neighbor called out for Rassamee, but received no response. He then opened the door and entered the household, where he found her body stuffed under the bed. Rassamee had been wrapped up in a blanket and transparent tape, with the former also being tied around her neck, with a cellphone charger tied around her ankle. Panicked, the neighbor called out for Pumpuang, but again received no response. At the subsequent autopsy, coroners determined the cause of death to be suffocation, and a police investigation team was dispatched to interrogate witnesses. After being presented with photographs of multiple suspects, the witnesses identified the man they last saw leaving the house as Pumpuang, which was further reinforced by other evidence found at the crime scene itself. Four days later, authorities at the Pak Chong Provincial Police Station received a tip from a citizen who claimed that his girlfriend had seen a man resembling Pumpuang on a train. Soon after, detectives surrounded the Pak Chong Railway Station, and after the train stopped, they raided the second carriage and located Pumpuang, who was wearing a mask covering his nose and mouth to prevent possible identification. He did not resist his arrest and was brought to the local police station for interrogation. During said interrogation, Pumpuang testified that on the day before the murder, he had taken Rasmee's motorcycle and driven to the Khon Kaen Hospital before safely returning it. This act supposedly angered her and caused them to enter a bitter quarrel, which eventually resulted in him manually strangling her until she fainted. He then took out a wire and continued strangling her until she was dead. After this, Pumpuang took out the transparent tape and wrapped it around her neck, tied the phone charged to her feet, stowed the body under the mattress, and fled the residence. Eventually, Pumpuang was charged with the murder, convicted, and sentenced to death. His release and ability to commit a new crime sparked a debate about the royal pardons and the usage of the death penalty in the country. The Director-General of the Department of Corrections, Naratch Sawetanan, also announced that a review would be conducted on how examinations for mentally-ill inmates are conducted, despite the fact that Pumpuang himself has never been diagnosed with any such illness. The couple who reported the tip that led to the killer's arrest were later given awards for their bravery, as well as 80,000 baht. See also List of serial killers by country References 1964 births Living people 21st-century criminals Male serial killers Thai serial killers Thai people convicted of murder People convicted of murder by Thailand Thai prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Thailand Thai prisoners sentenced to death Prisoners sentenced to death by Thailand Violence against women in Asia People from Nakhon Si Thammarat province

70121953

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison%20and%20Chocolate%20Cake

Prison and Chocolate Cake

Prison and Chocolate Cake is the first of two early memoirs by Nayantara Sahgal, first published by Alfred A. Knopf (New York) and Victor Gollancz (London) in 1954, and includes her childhood experiences of her family during the Indian independence movement in the 1930s and 40s. It was written during the winter of 1952-53 when she was 25, married and with two young children. The title is based on an incident in the early 1930s when Sahgal, at age three, witnessed police arrive to take her father to prison. At the time, the family were having chocolate cake for tea, a treat that day instead of the usual bread and butter. Central to her story are her father, the classic scholar Ranjit Sitaram Pandit, her mother, the former ambassador to the United Nations Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, and her uncle, Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister. Prison sentences for several family members became more frequent and Sahgal's memories of them increasingly unpleasant as she was expected to stay composed and not show her distress. At the age of 12 in 1939, she tried to understand the concept of non-violence at the onset of the Second World War, through letters to her father in Jail. In 1943, she was sent with her sister to the US to complete her education. Whilst there, her father died in prison in India. After completing her studies at Wellesley, she returned to India in 1947 shortly after independence. The book ends with the assassination of Gandhi in 1948. The book has been used as a source for the study of women in history, and provides insights into how the politics of the 1930s and 40s in India affected the Nehru children. It was followed by A Time to be Happy (1958). Background and title Nayantara Sahgal, an educated, widely-travelled member of the Indian elite of the 1940s, is the daughter of the classic scholar Ranjit Sitaram Pandit, and former ambassador to the United Nations Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, niece of India's first prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, and cousin of India's third prime minister Indira Gandhi. The title Prison and Chocolate Cake comes from an incident in the early 1930s which Sahgalher describes as her earliest political memory, one day at tea when she was age three. Chocolate cake was a treat that day as usually they would have bread and butter. When her elder sister Lekha asked their mother why police had arrived at their home during tea, their mother "explained that they had come to take Papu [their father] to prison, but that it was nothing to worry about, that he wanted to go. So we kissed him goodbye and watched him leave; talking cheerfully to the policeman". Describing the incident as "far from unpleasant", she recounts in the book that "We ate our chocolate cake and, in our infant minds, prison became in some mysterious way, associated with chocolate cake". The book is the first of Sahgal's autobiographies, one of two of her early works based on her childhood memories covering the years 1943 to 1948. It was written during the winter of 1952-53 when she was 25, and married with two young children. Publication and content Prison and Chocolate Cake was first published in 1954 by Victor Gollancz Ltd (London), and by Alfred A. Knopf (New York). Both have over 200 pages beginning with a dedication to Sahgal's parents. There is a preface, contents page, a listing of the eight illustrations in the book, and a glossary. The Alfred A. Knopf version has an additional index and a section on who is who in the book. The book has 20 chapters and regularly interspersed are footnotes with explanations, some cited with references. It was translated into Hindi, and French in 1957. The book includes Sahgal's memoirs, accounts of her sisters Gita and Chandralekha, and that of her family during the Indian independence movement. She describes what it was like to grow up with both parents focussed on the Gandhian philosophy of non-violent civil disobedience during India's freedom struggle in the 1940s. In her words "our growing was India's growing up into India's political maturity - a different kind of political maturity from any that the world had seen before, based on an ideology inspired by self-sacrifice, compassion and peace". It includes her childhood memories of several generations of the Nehru family, encounters with Gandhi, who sometimes visited Sahgal's family home, and the politicians that visited them. Synopsis Sahgal begins the story in 1943, mid-World War II when she was in her teens, and en-route to the United States to complete her education. At the time, her parents and several others of her family were in prison for opposing British rule. She questions her parents courage to send her and her sister abroad at such a time. On the ship, she hears experiences from Polish refugees from Russia, and US soldiers returning from the Pacific War, one of who was surprised that she could be Indian, as she spoke English like he did. She describes several encounters on the ship and then later in the US, with people intrigued to know about India from her. Sahgal says herself that she writes in the order that she remembers events rather than chronologically. An account then follows of political life at Swaraj Bhavan, their family mansion in Allahabad, and daily routines at the newer Anand Bhawan in the 1930s, and how the non-cooperation movement changed life for the Nehru family. Politicians in her memoirs include Sir Stafford Cripps, Maulana Azad and Sarojini Naidu. Included is her first encounter with Gandhi, dropping her elder sister to boarding school, parties at home, life at Woodstock School and her uncle Nehru who she calls Mamu. Her parents and Nehru are central to her story and were jailed several times. She explains it was voluntary, occasions to be congratulated upon and family and friends patted them on their backs on their way. Sahgal, as a young child, wanting to be old enough to go to prison too, was expected to be proud, not show sorrow, but hold a stiff upper lip; crying was in secret she writes. Recollections of increasing time spent with servants include one of Hari, who is given an encouraging send off when he too is arrested and sent to prison. Later visits to prison to see her parents are unpleasant and after the announcement of the Quit India Movement, contact by letter and in person becomes almost none. Sahgal is 12 when war breaks out in 1939. In a series of letters she discusses with her father, then in prison, several political topics including whether India should help Britain, non-violent disobedience and communism. In 1944, after the death of her father, her mother joined her in the US. There, she made several connections including Paul Robeson, Helen Keller, Margaret Sanger and Pearl S. Buck. In the US, Sahgal describes the celebrity status they experienced as the 'Nehru nieces'. After completing her studies at Wellesley, Massachusetts, Sahgal returned to India in October 1947, shortly after India's independence. The book ends with the assassination of Gandhi. Reviews In 1954, The New York Times described the book as a "relaxed account of life in both worlds". W. F. Whyte in International Affairs noted Sahgal's letter (age 12) to her father in 1939 as she tried to understand the concept of non-violence at the onset of the War. The reply she received from her father in Lucknow prison, Whyte says, "reads today like a pertinent footnote to history" Historian Jeanne d'Ucel appreciated the authors sense of humour throughout the book. Analyses of the book in later years include that of N.D.R. Chandra in the second volume of Modern Indian Writing in English: Critical Perceptions, in which he says Sahgal "displays her sharp and acute awareness of the political and social issues of India"... "her feelings for politics and command over English are more impressive than her art". In Lorna Sage's The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English , the book is categorised as part of Sahgal's first phase of writing; "the early semi-autobiographical, feminist novels reflecting contemporary politics". It is one of Sahgals' works that has contributed to her being grouped with other Indian women writers such as Kamala Markandaya and Attia Hosain. Meena Khorana writes in her bibliography of English language books The Indian Subcontinent in Literature for Children and Young Adults, that it "provides an intimate and enjoyable account of how the Nehru children were affected". The book is an archival source for studies in women in history. Sequels Prison and Chocolate Cake was followed by A Time to be Happy (1958), From Fear Set Free (1962), This Time of Morning (1965), Storm in Chandigarh (1969), and The Day in Shadow. In 1990, Sahgal stated in an interview that she would not write any further autobiographies but then published Relationship (1994) and Point of View: A Personal Response to Life (1997). Versions References Further reading External links 1954 non-fiction books Literature by women Indian autobiographies Alfred A. Knopf books Books about India Victor Gollancz Ltd books

70122686

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany%20County%20Sheriff%27s%20Office%20%28Wyoming%29

Albany County Sheriff's Office (Wyoming)

The Albany County Sheriff's Office is a local police agency in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. Description The Albany County Sheriff's Office consists of 46 sworn law enforcement officers and 8 civilian support personnel serving a county that encompasses approximately 4,500 square miles. Rank structure See also List of law enforcement agencies in Wyoming References External links Albany County Sheriff's Office at Facebook Wyoming's first Black sheriff fired White deputy over alleged racism, lawsuit says Sheriffs' departments of Wyoming

70124428

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted%20assassination%20of%20Alexandre%20Millerand

Attempted assassination of Alexandre Millerand

On Bastille Day 1922, anarchist Gustave Bouvet attempted to assassinate French President Alexandre Millerand. Background Gustave Bouvet (1898–1984) was raised in Angers and moved to Paris as a teenager. He was involved in the Anarchist Youth since his early 20s (1919) and took leadership positions in the Anarchist Federation. Bouvet also wrote for Le Libertaire under the pseudonym Juvénis and sentenced to ten months' imprisonment for printing and publicly posting a leaflet, "To Young Soldiers", in 1921. Assassination attempt On July 14, 1922, the French national holiday of Bastille Day, French President Alexandre Millerand traveled in procession, returning from a Longchamps military parade with thousands of troops. As his carriage neared the presidential home, the Élysée Palace, on the Champs Elysees, Gustave Bouvet fired three shots of his revolver at a car, believing it to be the president's. In fact it was the Prefect of Police. The president rode in an open carriage hundreds of feet behind him. The president's Algerian cavalry guard of honor surrounded the president for protection. Police on bicycle pursued the shooter, plucking Bouvet from a crowd that was assaulting him, and returning him to the police station, where his identity and prior imprisonment was ascertained. President Millerand, in the afternoon, traveled to French General Hubert Lyautey and made him a Marshal of France. Aftermath The shooter was sentenced in January 1923 to five years of labor and ten years of banishment from France But was released two years into the sentence, in January 1925, and was partially paralyzed. He would marry and live for another 59 years. References Further reading July 1922 events 1922 in Paris Failed assassination attempts in Europe Anarchist assassins

70124470

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larnaca%20yacht%20killings

Larnaca yacht killings

The Larnaca Yacht killings was a terrorist attack by alleged supporters of the Palestine Liberation Organization in Larnaca, Cyprus on September 25, 1985, followed by a ten-hour standoff with police. Incident At roughly 4:30 A.M, three gunmen stormed a yacht carrying in the city's harbour, proceeding to attack the three Israelis on board. Tourist Esther Palzur, dressed in a nightgown, grabbed a knife and tried to fend herself off. As the gunmen turned their fire on her, she tried to run up towards the deck but was gunned down before she could escape. The two remaining Israelis, Palzur's husband Reuven and their friend Avraham Avner, were blindfolded and kept as hostages by the terrorists, who threatened to kill them if Israel did not release 20 Palestinians who had been captured by the Israeli Navy. As Cypriot police surrounded the harbour, turning the crisis into a standoff, the hostage takers threatened to explode the vessel if they were not given their demands by 10:00 A.M. Their threat never materialized and the deadline passed without issue. The Egyptian Ambassador in the country was summoned to the scene after the militants made a request. The terrorists however refused to let a pair of PLO representatives attend the negotiations. At 1:55 PM, the attackers finally surrendered and left the boat, blowing kisses and making the V for Victory signs, before they were arrested by the police. The policemen went on to board to discover the two men's blindfolded corpses in the cabin; their feet and hands tied behind their backs. Esther Palzur's body was found lying on the ship's guard rail; her gown torn and a gunshot wound in her stomach. Perpetrators Of the three perpetrators, two (Nasif Mahmoud and Elias Yehiya) were Palestinians. The third, who told the police that his name was George Hanna, was actually Ian Michael Davison, was an English carpenter and Neo-Nazi from South Shields who had joined the Palestine Liberation Organization after the Sabra and Shatila massacres. He had previously spent some time in South Yemen, and was described as a "fervent supporter" of Yasser Arafat. He was alleged to have been a member of the Force 17 special operations unit, and was a bodyguard for several Palestinian politicians. An investigation by British authorities confirmed that he was a UK citizen. Many of those who knew him described him as a football enthusiast and a skinhead. Aftermath Israel voiced "deep shock over the vile murder," vowing that the PLO "[would] not escape punishment. Due to the fact that the shootings occurred on Yom Kippur, the response took later than usual. Israeli authorities asked Cyprus to hand over the perpetrators. As the two countries did not have an extradition deal, this proved difficult to manage. Cyprus' Interior Minister, Constantinos Michaelides, was horrified by the killings and issued a condemnation of what had happened. Spyros Kyprianou released a statement urging Israelis and Palestinians to keep the Israeli–Palestinian conflict out of Cyprus, adding that Cyprus "unreservedly condemn[ed] the murder of three hostages at Larnaca. This blood feud is no doubt a tragic affair..... I repeat my appeal to all to leave Cyprus entirely out of any disputes and conflicts among them." The three killers were charged the next month in a Cypriot court, accused of five counts of illegally possessing weapons and three of murder. A Police prosecutor noted that the gunmen had shot the two men in the head while they were blindfolded, which was against the law. Israeli forces later retaliated with Operation Wooden Leg, in which the Israeli Air Force bombed the PLO headquarters in Tunis. That day, Shimon Peres announced during a speech that Israel had not forgotten "the matter of Larnaca, and we will not forgive." References 1985 in Cyprus 1985 murders in Europe Cyprus–Israel relations Larnaca Terrorist attacks attributed to Palestinian militant groups Terrorist incidents in Cyprus Terrorist incidents in Europe in 1985 Tourism in Cyprus Yachting

70124478

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artur%20Juncosa%20Carbonell

Artur Juncosa Carbonell

Artur Juncosa Carbonell ; 5 October 1925 – 13 December 2010) was a Spanish Jesuit priest, philosopher, who specialized in epistemology and axiology. He stood out for his works on the sociology of knowledge and categorical translation. He was an active intellectual in the fight for democracy in Spain. Early years Juncosa was born in Les Borges del Camp (Tarragona), into a traditionalist family. He studied engineering in Madrid and graduated in Philosophy (1952) and in Theology (1956) from the Faculty of San Francisco de Borja and from the University of Barcelona (1958), where he received his PhD in 1979. In 1946 he entered the Society of Jesus, being assigned to the prestigious Chemical Institute of Sarrià. He was ordained a priest in 1955. Academic activity He worked as a teacher at the Chemical Institute of Sarrià (1957-1962), the University of Barcelona (1959-1991), the University of Seville (1981-1983) and the University of Barcelona (1983-1991), where he was professor of Ethics and Sociology. In 1971, Dr José Ignacio Alcorta Echevarría, Professor of Ethics at the University of Barcelona, ​​supervised his PhD thesis "The Sociology of Knowledge in Karl Mannheim", which received the City of Barcelona Prize in 1971. He was director of the Department of Philosophy, Theory and Practice of the University of Barcelona and delegate rector of the university faculties of the University of Barcelona in Tarragona from 1973 to 1978. He was visiting professor at numerous universities in Europe, including the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, and in America, where he taught courses and gave lectures. He was one of the promoters of the Universitat Ramon Llull (1990) and the University of Rovira i Virgili (1991), in his capacity as deputy rector of the university faculties of the University of Barcelona in Tarragona (1973–78). Being in turn one of the promoters. He was University Defender of the University of Barcelona (1993-1998) and of the University Ramon Llull (2004-2008). Research activity Author of numerous scientific articles and several books, he was a member of the Fundació Catalana per a la Recerca, of the Board of Trustees of the Chemical Institute of Sarrià, vice-president of the Borja Institute of Bioethics (integrated into the health complex of the Sant Joan de Déu Hospital of Barcelona), member of the Advisory Council of the Barcelona Institute of Technoethics and of the Advisory Council of INEHCA. In 1993 he was appointed rector of the Borja Center in Sant Cugat del Vallés. Also, he was a founding member of the Catalan Society of Philosophy of the Institute for Catalan Studies; the Center d'Estudis Carles Cardó and the Jacques Maritain International Institute. Throughout his teaching career he directed numerous theses and presided over many PhD theses committees, including those of Josep M. Lozano Soler, Jordi Giró París, Norbert Bilbeny García, Begoña Román Maestre and Sergio Rodríguez López-Ros. Upon his death, following his will, his body was given to science, as a way to continue contributing to scientific knowledge even after his death. Political engagement In 1945, due to his Carlim militancy against Francisco Franco, he was sent to prison as a result of the events of the Carlist Circle of Pamplona, ​​which ended in clashes with the forces of public order, with hundreds of detainees and the closure of multiple Carlist premises. Around 1950 he began his close relationship with the Bourbon-Parma family and on many occasions he visited Puchheim castle to meet Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma and Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma, of whom he became a confessor. He attended the wedding of Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma and Princess Irene of the Netherlands in Rome in 1964, accompanied by a large part of the Tuna (music) from the Colegio Mayor Loyola in Barcelona. He actively participated, as a Carlist, in the anti-Franco struggle, with clandestine meetings, courses and seminars in Spain, and in Perpignan, Arbonne and other towns in the south of France. His firm attitude at the time he assumed the direction of the delegation in Tarragona of the University of Barcelona, ​​brought him problems with the civil government and the police, who prevented his presence in the university premises. An activity with which he played, on a daily basis, his position at the university and that created prestige for him among teachers and students. He was the promoter of the Assembly of Catalonia, and together with Carlos Feliu de Travy, they proposed the points that were accepted by the rest of the organizations that made it up. He also actively participated in the Consell de Forces Politiques and the Platajunta Democrática. These movements, with the support of Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma, contributed to the establishment of democracy in Spain. Awards Premio Ciudad de Barcelona (1971) Order of Prohibited Legitimacy (1994) Parmese Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George Order of Saint Louis for Civil Merit References 1925 births 2010 deaths 20th-century Spanish Jesuits 20th-century Spanish philosophers 20th-century Roman Catholic priests Jesuit philosophers

70124498

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verena%20Conzett

Verena Conzett

Verena Conzett (1861–1947) was a Swiss magazine publisher, labor activist, and women's rights activist. She became the first president of the  in 1890. Her own experience as a child factory worker led to her lifelong advocacy for insurance protection and shorter working hours. Following the death of her husband in 1897, Conzett took over his print shop, narrowly escaping bankruptcy. A decade later, she acquired a Linotype typesetting machine and expanded the business into the Conzett & Huber publishing house. In 1908, Conzett founded the illustrated magazine In freien Stunden, and established herself as a successful entrepreneur. Subscriptions to the magazine included accident insurance, which had not yet been mandated by law in Switzerland. Her autobiography, Erstrebtes und Erlebtes, was first published in 1929. Now in its third edition, it has been called "the longest and most literate" of the autobiographies of late 19th-century working-class women written in German. Verena-Conzett-Strasse in Zürich is named after her. Early life and education Verena Knecht was born on 28 November 1861 in Zürich, Switzerland. Her parents were Johannes and Barbara Knecht (née Mathis). She was the third of four sisters. Her mother sewed men's shirts at home. Her father was a supervisor in a paper factory, but became unable to work due to the onset of blindness. At the age of thirteen, Verena found a job at a dye works, to help support the family. She had completed six years of primary school. While working, she attended part-time classes (Ergänzungsunterricht) two mornings a week. One of her teachers encouraged her to apply for a scholarship to attend secondary school, but her father refused to accept charity. Early career Between the ages of thirteen and sixteen, Knecht worked in a succession of jobs in the textile industry. In the spring of 1874, she worked at the Meier dye works, where she assisted with reeling and dying wool. As one of the youngest workers, she was the first to be laid off in winter, when the supply of wool dropped. She then pretended to be one year older to work at the large silk mill at Mühlesteg in Zürich. At first, she did piece work, but was so productive that the mill started to deduct her wages for allegedly defective work. One of her co-workers explained that if the children were paid more than the adults operating the machines, it would cause the adults to demand higher wages, which the factory owners would not pay. She was then reassigned to help with the machines, where the adults warned that one young girl had lost several fingers in an accident. One evening, as she was leaving the factory, she encountered Johanna Greulich, wife of Hermann Greulich, an early leader among Swiss socialists. Greulich and others were distributing pamphlets demanding safer working conditions and better wages. When she told her mother about the protest, her mother refused to allow her to return to machine work. Knecht then worked in a small fashion studio that produced ties and other neckwear. As her family was struggling financially, she took extra piece work home and sewed ties until midnight. She then moved to a large tailor, where dozens of seamstresses were overcrowded in a hot attic. Wages were poor and regularly paid late. Eventually, the younger workers including Knecht were told to stop working until the fall. At the age of sixteen, Verena Knecht went to work for the silk house Zürrer, then at the new silk house Henneberg. For over five years, she worked as a sales assistant, most nights until after the store had closed at nine-thirty. She then sewed silk ribbons and ties into the early morning hours, also with help from her mother. Karl Gustav Henneberg eventually opened the largest salesroom in Zürich in a new modern building with electric lighting. During the first winter, the salesroom was unheated, and Knecht became severely ill. Henneberg sent a letter threatening to fire her unless she returned to work within three days. Although he allowed her to return, Knecht later resigned. Marriage and political activism Verena and Conrad Conzett were married on 23 September 1883. Conrad was the printer and publisher of Sozialdemokrat, the weekly newspaper of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, which was "in exile" while the Anti-Socialist Laws introduced by German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck were in effect. The newspaper Sozialdemokrat was regularly smuggled from Zürich over the border into Germany, leading to intense interest from the police and informants. In addition, Conrad was the owner and editor of Arbeiterstimme (The Worker's Voice), and was active in reviving the workers' party in Switzerland. Verena Conzett joined the Social Democratic Party (SP) of Switzerland, as well as the Zürich women workers' association (Arbeiterinnenverein). The first women workers' associations in Switzerland had been founded by international activist Gertrude Guillaume-Schack starting in 1885. Based on her own experiences, Conzett was strongly committed to helping thousands of women who were working 11-hour days in factories, or 16-hour days in small businesses, to ensure their children would not starve. She was also concerned for the welfare of children from working families. Through Conrad's connections, Verena Conzett met numerous luminaries in the Swiss and international labor movement, many of whom visited their home. Shortly after they were married, they visited the elderly Johann Philipp Becker, a close associate of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, in Neuenburg. She got to know early leaders of the German Social Democratic Party including Wilhelm Liebknecht and August Bebel, as well as Julie Bebel and their children. Other visitors included Swiss political leaders such as Hermann Greulich and Paul Pflüger. Zürcher Anzeiger Following the death of their infant daughter in 1885, Conrad proposed that Verena join him in a new business venture. His idea was to start a book printing business, as well as a new "family" newspaper that would be less explicitly tied to Social Democratic Party politics. A progressive newspaper that happened to be pro-Social Democrat would help to counteract the negativity toward them in the press. After extensive planning together, the Conzetts published the first issue of Zürcher Anzeiger in January 1886. Within a relatively short period of time, they had several thousand subscribers. The newspaper was also successful in recruiting new members – both men and women – to the Social Democratic Party in Switzerland. From April 1886, their new printing house also took over printing of Arbeiterstimme. There was limited space in their business premises, so Conrad moved his editorial office to their nearby apartment. Verena Conzett thus oversaw day-to-day management of their two newspaper publications – Zürcher Anzeiger and Arbeiterstimme – and learned to run them independently. Other printing projects included the annual report of the Swiss Workers' Union. In 1890, Conrad sold the book printing business to the Grütli Union and handed over Arbeiterstimme to a new editor, Robert Seidel. The Conzetts continued to edit and publish Zürcher Anzeiger, but outsourced printing of the newspaper to the new Grütli print house. Advocacy for female workers In the early 1890s, the Conzetts became the "power couple" of the Swiss Left. Verena Conzett became the first president of the Swiss Women Workers' Union (SAV) (Schweizerischer Arbeiterinnenverband) in 1890. Conrad Conzett became president of the Swiss Trade Union Federation (SGB) in 1891. The Swiss Women Workers' Union united five associations which had formed previously in Basel, Bern, St. Gallen, Winterthur and Zürich. Under Conzett's leadership, the SAV was initially focused on insurance protection for women as workers and as mothers, and for their young children. In 1892, the canton of Zürich was considering a worker protection law that would apply to approximately 2,000 young girls and apprentices working across 150 small businesses. Conzett was tasked with gathering evidence on worker exploitation across different professions. She found that the worst complaints came from dressmakers, milliners, and straighteners. Many were working 13- to 16-hour days, including Sundays, and sleeping on dirty linen laid out on the floor. The female worker protection law was passed in the canton in 1894. The International Socialist Workers Congress took place in Zürich in August 1893. One of the main items discussed was protection for women workers, child workers, and pregnant workers, which varied significantly across countries. At the congress, Conzett received her very first public speaking invitation. Later that year, she delivered a speech in Basel which received a positive review in Basler Vorwärts, and went on to become a notable public speaker. In September 1896, Conzett attended the first Swiss Women's Congress in Geneva. She presented a report on unemployment, health and accident insurance, arguing that the only viable solution was to offer it through the federal government. That year, she was also elected to the federal board of the Swiss Workers' Association. In August 1897, Verena Conzett was a delegate to the International Congress for the Protection of Workers in Zürich, selected by the Zürich women's association. Business challenges In 1894, Conrad Conzett had resigned from the central committee of the Swiss Trade Union Federation (SGB), due to his frustration with infighting. His resignation had a negative impact on their business, resulting in a decline in print orders. Starting that year, the Zürcher Anzeiger also faced increasing competition from Tagesanzeiger, a daily newspaper which was unaffiliated politically and was initially distributed for free. To attract new subscribers – and help protect workers and their families – Verena proposed selling subscriptions to Zürcher Anzeiger bundled together with accident insurance. On 28 November 1897, Conrad finally agreed, and Verena arranged for the new program to start on 1 January 1898. Business recovery and success Due to depression and financial problems, Conrad Conzett committed suicide on 8 December 1897. The editor of Grütlianer, Hans Mettier, took over editing Zürcher Anzeiger until Verena was ready to find a new editor. Meanwhile, Verena Conzett took over the print shop in Aussersihl. She bid for the printing contract for the daily Social Democratic Party newspaper Volksrecht, but lost. Her competitors argued that a print shop led by a woman was likely to go out of business. In less than a month, she was heavily in debt, with many creditors demanding payment or collateral. Although there had been an uptake in subscriptions to Zürcher Anzeiger, Conzett had neglected to raise the price to help cover the cost of adding accident insurance. The cost of acquiring new subscribers had become unsustainable, and she needed new printing orders to keep the business afloat. Ironically, Conzett narrowly escaped bankruptcy after receiving a large printing order from the . She had received a notice from the Debt Collectors Office informing her that several hundred francs were due for payment. When she responded that there was no way she could comply with the notice, the debt collection officer offered to give her a large printing order instead. The print order was for 20,000 "payment due" notices. Investment in Linotype machine In 1906, Conzett bid for the printing contract for a new edition of the Swiss local directory. She won the contract after meeting at the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern with Ludwig Forrer, a member of the Federal Council. In 1907, she won a very large contract to print the tax register for the city of Zürich. By late 1907, Conzett had received so many print orders for newspapers and other recurring items, she no longer had enough capacity to support the incoming business. In 1908, she invested in a Linotype typesetting machine. Others in the industry questioned whether a business of her size would have enough print orders to justify the cost. Until then, only the Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ) had adopted Linotype. She would later credit her timely investment in Linotype for saving her business. Founding of Conzett & Huber In 1908, the new owner of Zürcher Anzeiger decided to take the printing of the newspaper to a different publisher. The unexpected loss of the Zürcher Anzeiger presented a significant challenge to Conzett's business, so soon after she had taken the risk of investing in Linotype. Conzett decided to start a new magazine that would provide a steady stream of income, and persuaded Dr. Emil Huber to join her as her business associate. Huber, a young lawyer who lived in the same house, had advised her previously on legal matters. He became a "silent shareholder" of the newly established Conzett & Huber. Her son Hans Conzett, who had been apprenticing with printers around the world, returned from Italy to run the print shop, so that she could focus on editing the new magazine. Hans later also became a partner in Conzett & Huber. In freien Stunden Like its namesake, a Social Democratic magazine in Berlin, In freien Stunden was a commercial success. In freien Stunden was illustrated and featured "high quality" literature – including romances and serial novels – targeting working class families. Readers of the Zürcher Anzeiger had often asked for stories entertaining the whole family. By offering good fiction, Conzett hoped to offer "food for the soul" and discourage readers from reading "trash" such as the pulp novels which had flooded the Swiss market for decades. As with Zürcher Anzeiger, subscribers to In freien Stunden automatically received accident insurance together with the magazine. This time, the growth in the number of subscribers allowed the publication to improve the level of insurance coverage, as well as the terms and conditions. Conzett & Huber was quickly inundated with questions about insurance coverage. To ensure that readers received a high level of customer service, Conzett hired an employee dedicated to answering letters from subscribers. The publication also used audience surveys to clarify the needs of its readership, an innovative approach at the time. In response to numerous requests from the French-speaking part of Switzerland, Conzett & Huber started a similar French language magazine called Lectures du foyer. By 1914, Conzett & Huber had two dozen employees. With a circulation of 40,000, In freien Stunden had become the most widely read family magazine in Switzerland. "The Red Entrepreneur" Conzett's success in business led to distrust among her comrades in the labor movement. In 1906, the party newspaper Volksrecht transitioned from a private entity to a cooperative, raising questions as to whether Conzett & Huber should follow suit as well. In meetings, Conzett herself was suddenly treated as a representative of the "industrialists". She resigned from the Swiss Women Workers' Union (SAV) but decided to retain her membership in the Socialist Party (SP), and remained committed to workers' rights. In 1911, once Conzett & Huber was in a stronger position financially, it became the first privately owned printing business in Switzerland to offer Saturday afternoons off for all employees. In her book, Conzett acknowledged that it was sometimes difficult to be both a Social Democratic party member and a business owner at the same time, leading biographers to call her "The Red Entrepreneur". Conzett finally retired in 1926, at the age of 65. Her niece Berti Blattman succeeded her as editor of In freien Stunden, while Emil Huber took over management of the printing shop, in addition to publishing the magazines. She remained active as a founding board member of the Inselhof home for unmarried women and their children. Personal life Verena married Conrad Conzett in 1883, when she was nearly 22 years old. Conrad was divorced with two sons: Conrad, age eight, and Adolf, age six. His ex-wife had been unhappy living in Chur, and returned to America. Verena agreed to take responsibility for the children as their young stepmother. The Conzetts lost their infant daughter Margrit to typhus in 1885. The following year, the couple had their first son together, Hans. Another son, Simon, was born in 1891. In 1918, both Hans and Simon died of the Spanish flu within a single week, after which she had to take over day-to-day management of the print shop once again. Verena said she was motivated to continue working, so that her grandchildren could take over the family business someday. One of her grandchildren, Hans Conzett, would later work at Conzett & Huber and go on to become a politican in the Swiss People's Party. Autobiography In 1929, Verena Conzett published her autobiography, Erstrebtes und Erlebtes: Ein Stück Zeitgeschichte. The book title has been translated as "Endeavors and Experiences: A Fragment of Contemporary History". According to Conzett, she had promised her sons, Hans and Simon, that she would write a book about her life, two weeks before they died. The autobiography was also intended to educate future generations of Social Democrats about the "selflessness and self-sacrifice" of the early leaders in the movement. Verena Conzett died in Kilchberg on 14 November 1947, and is buried in Friedhof Kilchberg. The Verena-Conzett-Strasse in District 4 in Zürich is named after her. References External links Erstrebtes und Erlebtes. Ein Stück Zeitgeschichte (Autobiography of Verena Conzett) Hans Peter Treichler – Die Arbeiterin in Zürich um 1900 (Biography in social historical context) 1861 births 1947 deaths Swiss publishers (people) Swiss women activists Swiss social democrats Swiss autobiographers Swiss autobiographies

70124695

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%20Union%E2%80%93Yugoslavia%20relations

Soviet Union–Yugoslavia relations

Soviet Union–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Soviet Union and Yugoslavia (both Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918-1941 and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1945–1992). Both states are now-defunct states with dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and breakup of Yugoslavia from 1991 through 1992. Relations between the two countries developed very ambiguously. Until 1940 they were openly hostile, in 1948 they deteriorated again and in 1949 were completely broken. In 1953–1955 period, bilateral relations were restored with the signing of Belgrade declaration, but until the collapse of Yugoslavia they remained very restrained. Relations with Soviet Union were of high priority for Belgrade as those relations or their absence helped the country to develop the principle of Cold War equal-distance on which the Yugoslav non-alignment policy was based. While geographically not close, two countries were both predominantly Slavic with significant shared Eastern Orthodox Christian traditions which were particularly reflected in historical pre-World War I relations between Russian Empire with Principality of Serbia and Principality of Montenegro. Significant historical, cultural and political links were nevertheless not reflected in close bilateral relations with tensions and strategic divisions continuing almost throughout the existence of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. It was not until June 1940 that the Kingdom of Yugoslavia formally recognised the USSR and established diplomatic relations, one of the last European countries to do so. In the 1960s and 1980s, the trade between the two countries was significant and grew up until 1985. The USSR became a major consumer of Yugoslav cultural products with publication of translations of books by Yugoslav writers, and presentation of Yugoslav movies. While in the case of Soviet Union Russian Federation was internationally recognized as a sole successor state there was shared succession in Yugoslav case with five sovereign equal successor states which were formed upon the dissolution of the federation. Serbia and the Russian Federation nevertheless recognize the continuity of all inter-State documents signed between the two countries since 1940. History Interwar period After the Russian Civil War ended in 1922 in a Bolshevik victory, relations between the interwar Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union remained frosty. Since 1920, the government of the Kingdom of SHS welcomed tens of thousands of anti-Bolshevik Russian refugees, mainly those who fled after the final defeat of the Russian Army under General Pyotr Wrangel in Crimea in November 1920, explaining its hospitality by presenting it as paying back the debt Serbia owed Russia for the latter's intervention on the side of Serbia at the outbreak of WWI. The Kingdom of SHS became home for 40.000 exiles from the Russian Empire. In 1921, at the invitation of the Serbian Patriarch Dimitrije, the leadership of the Russian Church in exile moved from Constantinople to Serbia and in September 1922 in Karlovci (until 1920, the seat of the abolished Patriarchate of Karlovci) established a de facto independent ecclesiastical administration that a few years later was instituted as the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR). World War II Following military success by Yugoslav Partisans the new authorities in the country wanted to gain international recognition by the Soviet Union, United Kingdom and the United States in opposition to the Yugoslav government in exile. Moscow and London were well informed about the events during the World War II in Yugoslavia already in fall of 1941. Ahead of the Moscow Conference in October 1943 Tito informed Soviet authorities that his movement does not recognize the Government in exile and that they will prevent the King of Yugoslavia in any effort to return to the country as it may initiate a civil war. Moscow was restrained and reserved in it's support to Yugoslav Partisans in fear that it may antagonize western allies. Soviets were therefore irritated by radicalism of the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia which was organized without any prior consultations with the Soviet Union. Soviet military mission to Yugoslav Partisans arrived in February of 1944, at the time when there already was already British mission since February of 1942. Tito left the island of Vis on 19 September 1944 and on 21 September he met with Stalin in Moscow. With support in logistics and air power from the Western Allies, and Soviet ground troops in the final stage of the war during the Belgrade offensive, the Partisans eventually gained control of the entire country and of the border regions of Trieste and Carinthia. While Soviet support at the final stage of war was significant, particularly in the northeast of the country (Vojvodina, Slavonia, Belgrade), Yugoslav communists, unlike most Eastern European communists, did not base their victory primarily upon the Red Army offensive. The Soviet Union agreed not to treat northern liberated parts of Yugoslavia as occupied territories (like the rest of the territories in Europe) and that the daily life will be organized by the local civil administration. During the six months of the Red Army's presence in Yugoslavia civil authorities received reports on 1219 rape cases, 359 rape attempts, 111 murder, 248 attempts to murder and 1204 robberies with injured individuals. Tito expressed his anger with such developments and with efforts to recruit Yugoslav soldiers and police officers into Soviet secret services. During the meeting with Andrija Hebrang in January of 1945 Stalin referred to reports of inappropriate behavior, but underlined that those were isolated cases. Later that year, during the new meeting between Stalin and Tito, Yugoslav leader once again complained about rape cases in Belgrade which left Soviet leader without a word. Cold War The period of rapprochement 1945-1948 Soviet Union recognized new socialist Yugoslavia (declared on 29 November 1945) was recognized by the USSR on December 19 of the same year. In November 1945 President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito gave an interview to the Times in which he underlined that "Yugoslav people have warm and profound sympathy, friendship and broterhood with the peoples of Soviet Union. But there is nothing exclusive about it." stressing country's intention to maintain independence. From 1945 till 1948 Yugoslavia signed treaties of friendship and mutual assistance with almost all East European states. Yugoslavia and Soviet Union signed their Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation on April 11, 1945 in Moscow. Cominform was initially located in Belgrade. 1948 Tito–Stalin split In the first two years following the war, relations between FPRY and the Soviet leadership, which during that period sought to accommodate the USSR's Western allies demands in Europe, were not entirely free of disagreements on a number of issues, such as Yugoslavia's territorial claims to Italy's Free Territory of Trieste and the part of Austria's Carinthia populated by Carinthian Slovenes, Tito's efforts to play a leading role in the entire Balkans region, as well as over Stalin's reluctance to decisively support the Greek Communists in the Greek Civil War, who were actively supported by Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania. Drastic deterioration in relations occurred in early 1948. The assumption in Moscow was that once it was known that he had lost Soviet approval, Tito would collapse. The expulsion effectively banished Yugoslavia from the international association of socialist states, while other socialist states of Eastern Europe subsequently underwent purges of alleged "Titoists". Faced with East Bloc economic embargo and the possibility of a military attack Yugoslavia sought assistance from the West, mainly the United States. Stalin took the matter personally and attempted, unsuccessfully, to assassinate Tito on several occasions. Tito's successful resistance to Stalin in 1948 increased his popularity both in Yugoslavia and around the world and defined future Soviet–Yugoslavia relations. With deterioration of relations Yugoslav representation at the United Nations even accused the Soviet Union of having started the Korean War. Normalisation of relations in De-Stalinization period Yugoslav–Soviet normalization following Stalin’s death was influenced by the process of De-Stalinization, creation of the Non-Aligned Movement and was symbolized in an exchange of letters in March 1955 when Tito and Khrushchev agreed to meet in Belgrade. Socialist self-management, while never formally adopted by any East Bloc state, was a popular idea in Polish People's Republic, Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and Hungarian People's Republic. President of Yugoslavia Tito even attended the 1967 Conference of the Warsaw Pact (the only time the President of Yugoslavia was present) in an effort to convince Eastern Bloc countries to support Yugoslav Non-Aligned ally Egypt in Six Day War while Yugoslavia also permitted member states to use its airspace to deliver military aid. The new period of antagonism was initiated in 1968 with the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. Contrary to Yugoslav verbal support to Soviet intervention in Hungary in 1956, Yugoslavia strongly condemned the invasion of Czechoslovakia which was perceived as a particularly close country. On 12 July 1968 President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito gave an interview to Egyptian daily Al-Ahram where he stated that he believes that Soviet leaders are not "such short-sighted people [...] who would pursue a policy of force to resolve the internal affairs of Czechoslovakia". President Tito visited Prague on 9 and 10 August 1968, just days before the intervention while large group of 250,000 demonstrators gathered in Belgrade once the intervention started. Yugoslavia provided refuge for numerous Czechoslovak citizens (many on holidays) and politicians including Ota Šik, Jiří Hájek, František Vlasak and Štefan Gašparik. During and after the invasion thousands of citizens of Czechoslovakia used Yugoslavia as the most important paths of emigration to the Western countries. Relations improved once again following the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1971 with the Soviet new international policy strategy towards the United States and the Non-alligned movement and Yugoslavia’s positive attitude towards Soviet policy of deescalation and cooperation with the West. On 5 June 1972 Josip Broz Tito received the Order of Lenin, the highest national order of the Soviet Union. Yugoslav diplomacy was once again alarmed by the 1979 Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, which similarly to Yugoslavia was at the time a non-aligned and socialist country outside of the Warsaw Pact. Yugoslavia officially condemned Soviet intervention and expressed "astonishment" and "deep concern" about developments in Afghanistan. The intervention happened when President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito health situation deteriorated with perception that Moscow is waiting for Tito to die in order to renew its pressure on Belgrade. See also Soviet Union at the 1984 Winter Olympics Yugoslavia at the 1980 Summer Olympics Russia–Serbia relations Montenegro–Russia relations Croatia–Russia relations Russia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence North Macedonia–Russia relations Russia–Slovenia relations References Sources Soviet Union–Yugoslavia relations Bulgaria Yugoslavia Bosnia and Herzegovina–Russia relations Croatia–Russia relations Kosovo–Russia relations Montenegro–Russia relations North Macedonia–Russia relations Russia–Serbia relations Russia–Slovenia relations

70124708

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20Beledweyne%20attacks

2013 Beledweyne attacks

In late 2013, al-Shabaab carried out two major suicide attacks in Beledweyne, Somalia, killing 35 people. Background The Islamist group al-Shabaab began their insurgency in the 2000s. Previous actions by al-Shabaab in Beledweyne, Hiran, Hirshabelle State, included a suicide car bombing in 2009 which killed 57 people at a hotel as well as battles in 2010 and 2011. October bombing At 11am on 19 October 2013 in Beledweyne, a suicide bomber wearing an explosive belt detonated it inside a crowded restaurant, killing 16 people. On the same day, al-Shabaab claimed responsibility, saying their main target was Djiboutian and Ethiopian troops who were part of the African Union Mission to Somalia. Some AU soldiers were killed, but most of those killed were civilians. November attack At 11am on 19 November 2013 in Beledweyne, a suicide car bomber rammed a police station. Gunmen then stormed the building and shot people inside. At least 19 people were killed. On the same day, al-Shabaab claimed responsibility. See also 2022 Beledweyne bombing References 2013 mass shootings 2013 murders in Somalia 2010s building bombings 2010s mass shootings in Africa 2010s vehicular rampage 21st-century mass murder in Somalia Al-Shabaab (militant group) attacks Attacks on buildings and structures in 2013 Attacks on police stations in the 2010s Attacks on restaurants in Africa 2013 attacks Building bombings in Somalia Car and truck bombings in the 2010s Islamic terrorist incidents in 2013 Mass murder in 2013 Mass shootings in Somalia November 2013 crimes November 2013 events in Africa October 2013 crimes October 2013 events in Africa Somali Civil War (2009–present) Suicide bombings in 2013 Suicide car and truck bombings in Somalia Terrorist incidents in Somalia in 2013 Vehicular rampage in Africa

70125439

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandale%20Park%20shooting

Normandale Park shooting

On February 19, 2022, a shooting occurred near Normandale Park, in Portland, Oregon, U.S. One person was killed and five others were injured, including the shooter. The shooting took place near a demonstration for Amir Locke, a 22-year-old Black man who was shot and killed by a Minneapolis police officer and Patrick Kimmons, a 27-year-old Black man killed by Portland police during a 2018 altercation. Shooting The shooting occurred around 8:00 PM. According the District Attorney's office, the suspect is alleged to have fired at a crowd of protestors and struck five. The suspect was then shot near the hip, ending the shooting. The person who shot the suspect cooperated with police and was released, while the suspect was charged with second-degree murder, second-degree attempted murder and second-degree assault with a firearm. On February 20, 2022, Ted Wheeler, Portland's mayor, issued a statement that included, "While many of the details of last night’s shooting near Normandale Park are unclear, we do know one thing for sure: Our community is dealing with the sadness of another senseless act of gun violence." June Knightly was identified as the woman killed. References 2022 in Portland, Oregon 2022 murders in the United States 2022 mass shootings in the United States Mass shootings in Oregon February 2022 crimes February 2022 events in the United States Protest-related deaths

70125590

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Gutenberger

Karl Gutenberger

Karl Gutenberger (18 April 1905 - 8 July 1961) was a Nazi Party politician, SS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS and the Police. He was Police President in Duisburg and Essen and was the Higher SS and Police Leader "West." After the end of the Second World War, he was sentenced to prison for war crimes. Early life Karl Gutenberger was the son of a manager of the Krupp factory in Essen. After volksschule, he attended the oberrealschule and the realgymnasium in Altenessen. From 1921 and 1923 he completed a bank apprenticeship and then became a bank clerk, working in banking and business, including at Rheinstahl AG, a steel manufacturer in Essen, where he worked as a finance clerk from 1928 to 1929. He also worked briefly for a newspaper, the National-Zeitung from 1930 to 1931. Gutenberger was active in the Nazi Party very early on, joining it in 1923 and again in mid-December 1925 (membership number 25,249) after the ban imposed on the Party in the wake of the Beer Hall Putsch was lifted. He became the Ortsgruppenleiter (Local Group Leader) for the district of Siegeroth in Essen and also worked as a Party speaker. On 31 July 1932, he was elected to the Reichstag from electoral constituency 23 (Düsseldorf-West), until it was dissolved that November. He was then elected to the Prussian Landtag in November 1932, serving until that body was abolished following the Nazi seizure of power. He then returned as a Reichstag deputy from November 1933 until the end of the Nazi regime in 1945. He was a recipient of the Golden Party Badge. SA and SS career A member of the Sturmabteilung (SA) since 1925, on 15 September 1932, Gutenberger was made an SA-Standartenführer and led numerous SA regiments. Promoted to SA-Oberführer in November 1933, he then commanded SA brigades in Wesel and Duisberg. From May 1937 he served as Police President (chief of police) of the city of Duisburg. On 14 November 1939, he left Duisberg to become Police President of Essen, holding this office until May 1941. On 1 June 1940, he left the SA and joined the SS (SS number 372,303) with the rank of SS-Brigadeführer. On 29 June 1941 he succeeded Friedrich Jeckeln as both Higher SS and Police Leader "West" and Leader of SS-Oberabschnittt (Main District) "West" with his headquarters in Düsseldorf. His jurisdiction comprised most of the northern Rhineland and Westphalia. He would retain both posts until the end of the Second World War. Guttenberger was promoted to SS-Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant of Police on 9 November 1942. This was followed on 1 August 1944 by advancement to Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS and the Police. From November 1944 he was appointed Inspector of Passive Resistance and Special Defense "West", heading the clandestine volunteer Werwolf forces in his jurisdiction. Toward the end of the war he was responsible for numerous extrajudicial murders, including on the instructions of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler, having the Allied-appointed Oberbürgermeister (Lord Mayor) of Aachen, Franz Oppenhoff, murdered on 25 March 1945. Postwar prosecution After the end of the war, Gutenberger was captured by American forces in Schloss Lopshorn in Lippe and placed in internment from 10 May 1945. On 20 October 1948, a British military court in Hamburg sentenced him to twelve years in prison for the murder of foreign workers. Further trials before German civil courts followed. On 22 October 1949, he received a four-year sentence from an Aachen court for his role in the Oppenhoff murder. A conviction on 16 March 1950 to a five-year prison sentence for crimes against humanity for his part in the murder of Allied airmen who had been shot down was later overturned on appeal in 1952. Due to an amnesty, Gutenberger was released from the Werl penal institution on 11 December 1953. After his release from prison, he worked in a wholesale business and died in 1961. External weblink Karl Gutenberger in the Westphalia History Internet Portal References Sources 1905 births 1961 deaths German police chiefs Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic Nazi Party officials Nazi Party politicians Nazis convicted of war crimes People from Essen SS and Police Leaders SS-Obergruppenführer Sturmabteilung officers Waffen-SS personnel

70126331

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Bishop%27s%20Stortford

List of people from Bishop's Stortford

Listed below are notable individuals linked with Bishop's Stortford in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Arts and media Lynda Baron (born 1939), an actress who played Nurse Gladys Emanuel in Open All Hours, lived in the town. Eliot Bliss (1903-1990), a novelist and poet, lived here for over half a century. Russell Brand (born 1975), an actor, went to Hockerill Anglo-European College. Charli XCX (born 1992), a singer and songwriter, was raised in the town and attended Bishop's Stortford College. Paul Epworth, an Oscar and Grammy-winning producer, was born in the town. Flux of Pink Indians, an anarcho-punk band, originated in Bishop's Stortford in 1980. James Frain (born 1968), an actor who played Thomas Cromwell in The Tudors, attended St Joseph's Catholic Primary School. Greg James (born 1985), a radio broadcaster and writer, was raised in the town and attended The Bishop's Stortford High School. Bill Sharpe (born 1952), a keyboardist and founding member of Shakatak, a jazz-funk and jazz fusion band, was born in the town and attended Bishop's Stortford College. Sam Smith (born 1992), an English singer/songwriter, winner of the 2014 BRIT Critics' Choice Award and BBC's Sound of 2014, attended St Mary's Catholic School. Jon Thorne (born 1967), a double bass player and composer, was born in the town. Third Party, an anthemic dance duo, were both born in the town. Education and science Frederick Scott Archer (1813–1857) was the inventor of the collodion process, the first photographic emulsion used to create glass negatives. Wilfred Bion (1897-1979), influential psychoanalyst and President of the British Psychoanalytical Society from 1962 to 1965 attended Bishop's Stortford College. Helen King (born 1965), Principal of St Anne's College, Oxford and a former senior police officer, was born in Bishop's Stortford. Sarah Ockwell-Smith (born 1970s), a child-care author, attended Hertfordshire and Essex High School in 1987–1992. Politics and business Martin Caton, Labour MP for Gower, was born in Bishop's Stortford. Nick de Bois, former Conservative MP for Enfield North, lives in the town. Walter Gilbey, a businessman, wine merchant and philanthropist. Cecil Rhodes, (1853–1902) as the son of the vicar of St Michael's Church, was the effective founder of the state of Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe), and of the De Beers diamond company and the Rhodes Scholarship. Caroline Spelman, Conservative MP and former cabinet minister, was born in Bishop's Stortford and attended the Hertfordshire and Essex High School. Religion Francis Dane (born 1615), born in Bishop's Stortford, he fought against the persecution of purported witches during the Salem Witch Trials and was pastor of North Parish in Andover, Massachusetts. George Jacobs (1609–1692) was executed during the Salem Witch Trials. Sports Ben Clarke (born 1968), ex-England Rugby Union international and British Lions representative, attended Bishop Stortford College. Ernie Cooksey (1980–2008), professional footballer, was born in the town. Glenn Hoddle (born 1957), Tottenham Hotspur and England footballer, bought his first house at Thorley Park. Callum Ilott (born 1998), professional racing driver in FIA Formula 2, attended Bishop's Stortford College. Jones Nash (1812–1877), first-class cricketer Callum McNaughton, professional footballer with West Ham United, attended Hockerill Anglo-European College. John Radford (born 1947), professional footballer with Arsenal, was more recently Bishop's Stortford FC manager and resident in the town. Edward Shaw (1892–1916), cricketer and army officer David Surridge (born 1956), cricketer Ashley Sutton (born 1994), professional racing driver in the British Touring Car Championship (2017 and 2020 champion), attended Birchwood High School References Hertfordshire

70126556

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20Roye

Norman Roye

Norman Roye (September 6, 1935 – January 19, 1956), known as The Dreaded Strangler, was an American serial killer and rapist who murdered three women in the neighborhood of Harlem in Manhatten, New York from 1953 to 1954. Sentenced to death for the final murder, Roye was executed by the electric chair at Sing Sing in January 1956, after spending less than a year on death row. Before the murders By all accounts, Roye appeared to be a normal boy and an athlete who played in the major league for his school's baseball team. Murders On January 2, 1953, Roye was prowling through an apartment complex in Harlem and, after gaining entry through an unlocked apartment roof door, strangled 40-year-old Margaret Branch to death. Over a year later, on May 28, 1954, Roye found himself inside a subway station, where he stalked 25-year-old Kathleen Stewart through the station all the way back to her Harlem river apartment. There, he strangled Stewart to death and fled. On June 7, 1954, Roye confronted 66-year-old Isadora Goomes as she entered the apartment building where she lived. Roye threw a noose around her neck and demanded money, and Goomes handed Roye five pennies, but not feeling satisfied Roye tightened the noose, resulting in Goomes dying of asphyxiation. With the five pennies Goomes had netted him, Roye bought a box of crackers, which he ate while watching police examine Goomes body. Detectives took notice of this, and arrested Roye. Trial Roye confessed to each of the murders, describing in detail how he had committed them. According to Roye's confession, he said he did not intend to kill Goomes, but claimed when he tightened the noose she "Just died on me." Two days before Roye's arrest, a man named John Francis Roche was arrested after he was spotted driving erratically, and once in custody confessed to five murders which took place in the Yorkvile neighborhood on Manhattan's east side. The two cases, which occurred in close proximity to one another, were compared to each other by the press and the media. In a jailhouse interview with his sister, Roye denied his confession, stating "They found my pants in the hallway." While awaiting trial, Roye was not eligible for bond. On February 4, 1955, Roye was convicted of first degree murder in the death of Goomes. The jury did not recommend mercy, making a death sentence mandatory. Roye was formally sentenced to death on March 5, 1955. Execution While awaiting execution, Roye received no visitors, but turned to religion. After 10-months on death row, on January 19, 1956, Roye was executed by electric chair at Sing Sing Prison. His last meal consisted of roast chicken and steak. Roye had no last words. See also John Francis Roche Capital punishment in New York (state) List of people executed in New York List of serial killers in the United States References 1936 births 1956 deaths 20th-century American criminals American male criminals Male serial killers American people convicted of murder People convicted of murder by New York (state) 20th-century executions by New York (state) People executed by New York (state) by electric chair Executed American serial killers People executed for murder Executed people from New York (state) Criminals from New York (state) Crime in New York (state)

70126624

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel%20DeLoache%20Williams

Rachel DeLoache Williams

Rachel DeLoache Williams is an American writer, photographer, and editor. She worked as a photo editor and producer for Vanity Fair until 2019. Williams is known for being the former friend of Anna Sorokin, who pretended to be a German heiress and allegedly conned her out of $62,000. Williams later reported Sorokin to the New York City Police Department and the New York County District Attorney, helping the police locate and arrest Sorokin in Los Angeles and testified against her in court. She wrote an article about her experiences with Sorokin for Vanity Fair in 2018. Since then, she has written for Time and Air Mail and wrote the book My Friend Anna: the True Story of the Fake Heiress of New York City. Biography Williams is originally from Knoxville, Tennessee, the daughter of two clinical psychologists. She graduated from Kenyon College in 2010 with degrees in English and studio art. While a student, she interned in New York City for Art + Commerce, Harper's Bazaar, and Mercedez Benz Fashion Week. Williams worked as a photo editor and producer at Vanity Fair, assisting in and producing photoshoots. She worked on shoots for Caitlyn Jenner, Rihanna, and Patti Smith. Williams was laid off in 2019. She met Anna Sorokin through friends at a nightclub in New York City in 2016. Sorokin, who had created the identity of a German heiress named Anna Delvey, and Williams became friends and attended dinners and events in New York City together. While on a vacation with Sorokin and Kacy Duke at La Mamounia in Marrakesh in May 2017, Sorokin's credit card stopped working and Williams had to pay the $62,000 for the trip on both her personal and business credit cards with the promise that Sorokin would wire her the money. Sorokin never paid her back, and Williams reported the incident to the New York City Police Department and the New York County District Attorney. Williams helped the police track down and arrest Sorokin in Los Angeles, and testified against her in court. While Sorokin was found guilty on four counts of theft of services, one count of attempted grand larceny, and three counts of grand larceny, she was not found guilty for stealing from Williams. Williams' credit card company did forgive the majority of her debt. Since leaving Vanity Fair, Williams works as a writer and photographer. In 2018 she published an article for Vanity Fair about her experience with Sorokin, titled As An Added Bonus, She Paid For Everything: My Bright-Lights Misadventure With A Magician of Manhattan, and in 2019 published the book My Friend Anna: The True Story of a Fake Heiress. She also made deals for projects with HBO and Simon & Schuster about Sorokin. Williams was paid $35,000 for her HBO deal, $300,000 for her book deal, and $1,300 for her magazine article. Williams was interviewed on The Sinfluencer of Soho, an episode on the American Broadcasting Corporation's 20/20, which aired on October 1, 2021. She is portrayed by Katie Lowes in the Netflix drama series Inventing Anna. In February 2022, Williams wrote an essay for Air Mail criticizing the Netflix series for putting out a "fictional story" and "putting money in her [Sorokin]'s pocket." References Living people American magazine writers American non-fiction crime writers American women photographers Kenyon College alumni Photographers from Tennessee People from Knoxville, Tennessee Vanity Fair (magazine) editors Women magazine editors Writers from Tennessee Date of birth missing (living people)

70126713

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reclaim%20These%20Streets

Reclaim These Streets

Reclaim These Streets (RTS) is a social justice organisation movement in the UK. The organization has the motto: We aim to use legislation, education and community action to ensure no woman has to be asked to “Text Me When You Get Home” again. It exists as a hashtag #ReclaimTheseStreets. RTS raises funds for ROSA a feminist charity in the UK that is named for 3 human rights champions Rosa Luxemburg, Rosa May Billinghurst, and Rosa Parks. As well as speaking out about feminist topics, RTS speaks out about policing issues, internet harassment, neighbourhood safety, the right to protest in the street. RTS held a vigil in March 2021, amid concerns about COVID-19. In 2021 RTS co-founder Jamie Klingler campaigned to "close loopholes" that allowed for her own online harassment on Instagram to not be prosecuted by police. RTS is active on social media on Twitter in 2021. References Social justice organizations

70127266

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20Machil%20encounter

2010 Machil encounter

Machil fake encounter, also known as Machil fake encounter case, refers to a fake extrajudicial killing which was carried out by the Indian Army on 29 April 2010 by killing the three Kashmiri civilians Shazad Ahmad Khan (27), Shafi Ahmad Lone (19) and Riyaz Ahmad Lone (20) and labelled them as Pakistani militants. Considered as one of the biggest human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir since insurgency began in 1947 between India, Pakistan and China, the trio were killed in Machil area of Kupwara district, Jammu and Kashmir at the Line of Control (LoC). It was widely covered by the news media and national and international human rights organizations, including Amnesty International as well as opposition and mainstream political parties, including the then ruling parties National Conference and the Indian National Congress. Machil fake encounter became the first case in the history of Jammu and Kashmir when army convicted its personnel for human rights violations in the territory. Background On 29 April 2010, an army source, Bashir Ahmad Lone offered a job to the victims and promised ₹2000 earning a day. Lone was sent to them by another two army sources, Abdul Hamid and Abbas Ahmad. When the victims reached near LoC, army sources handed over them to 4 Rajputana Rifles at RS. 50,000 each and later they were killed in a fake encounter by Rajputana Rifles soldiers at the Line of Control and labelled them as Pakistani militants. The next day after killing the victims, the army issued a statement claiming they prevented infiltration attempted on the Line of Control by the three Pakistani-origin militants. It also claimed that they recovered weapons, including the 5 AK-47, ammunition and Pakistani currency from the militants. After the trio from Nadihal village suddenly disappeared, their families started searching for the victims but they returned with empty handed and later filed a missing report with a nearby police station. The police investigation revealed that the trio were killed in a fake encounter after obtaining call detail records of the victims. According to police, trio were present in Thayen village, Kalaroos of Kupwara when they were killed in Machil area. The family of one of the victims, Riyaz stated that Bashir Ahmad Lone offered a good job opportunity to Riyaz at the border. Riyaz Ahmad Lone, 20 was working at a mechanical shop in Sopore while another victim, Shahzad Ahmed Khan, 27 was a fruit seller and Mohammad Shafi Lone, 19 was working as a laborer. The victims left their homes on 27 April for a job meeting with Lone. However, they were asked to come after a some days. During the police interrogation, driver of the vehicle which was used by the army sources confessed that he took the trio from Nadihal village to Kupwara. After the victims were killed, army buried them in Machil, however Jammu and Kashmir Police played a central role and brought the bodies for burial in a local graveyard. The faces of the victims were painted with black colour after army labelled them militants. Court martial When police revealed the background of the fake encounter, they filed a chargesheet against the 11 accused persons, including 9 army personnel and two civilians. The accused included a colonel and 2 majors. They were charged under sections 302 for murder, section 364 for abduction, section 120-B for criminal conspiracy and section 34 for common intent of the Ranbir Penal Code. The case was initially heard by the Sopore High Court chief judicial magistrate and issued a notice to the army asking to produce involved people before the police. The army decline to follow the court orders, leading the local court to transfer it to the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh which ordered the army to setup an army court inquiry. The inquiry was started in December 2013 and the accused were sentenced life imprisonment in 2014 by the Summary General Court Martial (SGCM). The army confirmed the life imprisonment of convicted people on 7 September 2015. However, three army sources such as Abbas, Bashir and Hamid were acquitted by the court. It was first time in 25 years of insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir when army confirmed life imprisonment by the General Court Martial (GCM) for killing civilians. Aftermath The killing of the trio was heavily criticised by the people which turned into an uprising which left 113 to 120 people dead with hundreds of people injured in different clashes with the Jammu and Kashmir police and the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF). Later development The Armed Forces Tribunal granted bail to 5 convicted army personnel and suspended their conviction in 2017. However, the then ruling party Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party chief minister, Mehbooba Mufti's government didn't challenge the suspension of life imprisonment of the convicted army personnel. See also 2009 Shopian rape and murder case Rape during the Kashmir conflict 2010 Kashmir unrest References Further reading People killed by armed forces 2010s in Jammu and Kashmir Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir People murdered in Jammu and Kashmir

70127423

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20convoy%20protests%20timeline

Canada convoy protests timeline

The following article is a broad timeline of the course of events surrounding the Canada convoy protests, a series of protests and blockades in Canada in early 2022. The protest, which was called the Freedom Convoy () by organizers, was "first aimed at a COVID-19 vaccine mandate for cross-border truckers" when the convoy of hundreds of vehicles, including semi-trailers, headed towards Ottawa, Ontario the nation's capital, starting on January 22. The protesters quickly changed their messaging to include demands that all COVID-19-related public health restrictions be lifted. By late January and early February, the professional trucking industry and labour groups, such as Canadian Trucking Alliance (CTA), Teamsters Canada, Canadian Labour Congress, had published statements distancing their members from the convoy protest. By January 29, when the convoy converged in what became known as the red zone in Ottawa, there were estimates of from 8,000 to 18,000 pedestrian protesters at its peak on the first weekend and hundreds of vehicles, including 18-wheelers that were parked directly on Wellington Street, in front of the Prime Minister's office. In spite of an injunction by a judge and the invocation of three levels of states of emergency, municipal, provincial, and federal, protesters temporarily refused to end blockades and the occupation of the red zone. On February 14, Trudeau invoked the Emergencies Act. Over the weekend of February 17 to 20, a large joint-operation police presence in Ottawa arrested about 200 organizers and protesters, laid 389 charges, issued fines, removed the heavy trucks and trailers with 79 vehicles towed away, seized 36 license plates, and dismantled encampments across the city. Action was taken against thirty-six commercial vehicles by the Ministry of Transportation. By February 20, the area surrounding the Parliamentary Precinct, occupied by protesters for three weeks, was fenced off by police after it has been secured by a series of police advances pushing the crowd away from Parliament Hill. A heavy police presence remained. All times specified or approximated given in Eastern Time, or UTC-5:00: Preceding events 2020 January 25: The first "presumptive" case of COVID-19 was reported in Canada. May 30: The first (Alpha) wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, lasted 175 day, peaked on day 127, May 30, 2020, with 35,040 active cases, and ended 48 days after the peak with 35,040 active cases and 8,839 deaths. 2021 January 10: The second (Beta) wave, lasted 230 days, peaked on January 10, day 17, with 85,595 active cases. The Beta wave was the deadliest of the five waves with 13,312 deaths. There were no vaccinations available at that time. April 18: Vaccination campaigns began during the third (Gamma) wave, which peaked on April 18 with 89,884 cases. Vaccination campaigns began during this wave. While the number of cases increased slightly, the number of deaths, 2,569 decreased during the Gamma wave. September 26: The Delta wave reached its peak on September 26 with 51,747 cases. It was during the fourth (Delta) wave that vaccine mandates and passports began to be considered as free vaccinations were widely available across Canada. The lowest number of deaths, 2,569 occurred during the fourth wave because of the high uptake on vaccinations. October: New United States Department of Homeland Security regulations, released in October 2021, were regarding cross-border travel between the Canada and the United States and were based on guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To prevent supply chain disruptions, the DHS allowed for a window of four monthsuntil January 22, 2022for Canadian truckers to get fully vaccinated against COVID-19. November 19: The Public Health Agency of Canada announced upcoming adjustments to Canada's border measures. This would include the requirement for essential service providers, including truck drivers, to be fully vaccinated after January 15, 2022. The announcement clarified that unvaccinated or partially vaccinated foreign national truck drivers would be prohibited from entering Canada after that date. Unvaccinated Canadian truck drivers could enter Canada but would have to quarantine for two weeks. According to the Canadian Press and CBC, as of January 22, the mandates would impact an estimated 26,000 unvaccinated truckers of the 160,000 truck drivers who regularly cross the border in both the United States and Canada. When asked in the House of Commons to produce data linking truckers to COVID-19 infections in Canada, neither the minister of health Jean-Yves Duclos nor the chief public health officer Theresa Tam were able to do so. December: Patrick King, a native of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario who would become an organizer of the convoy, said of public health measures: "The only way this is going to be solved is with bullets." Mid-December: Canada United posted the Memorandum of Understanding on their website and sent copies to the Governor General of Canada and the Canadian Senate. until its February 8 retraction. One of the main organizers behind the convoy, Canada Unity (CU), acknowledged that they had planned to submit their signed "memorandum of understanding" (MoU) to the Senate of Canada and Governor General Mary Simon, described in the MoU as the "SCGGC". The MoU which was signed by James and Sandra Bauder and Martin Brodmann, was posted on the Canada Unity website in mid-December 2021 and publicly available Bauder, whose name is at the top of a CTV News' list of "major players" in the convoy, is the founder of Canada Unity. CTV cited Bauder saying that he hoped the signed MoU would convince Elections Canada to trigger an election, which is not constitutionally possible. In this pseudolegal document, CU called on the "SCGGC" to cease all vaccine mandates, reemploy all employees terminated due to vaccination status, and rescind all fines imposed for non-compliance with public health orders. If this failed, the MoU called on the "SCGGC" to dissolve the government, and name members of the CU to form a Canadian Citizens Committee (CCC), which is beyond the constitutional powers of either the Governor General or the Senate. The original MoU contained no specific mention of cross-border truckers as it had originally been drafted and delivered over a month earlier, but then was reissued for the protest. 2022 January January 9: The fifth (Omicron) wave reached a peak with the number of active cases reaching a record high of 443,676. January 15: The January 15 enforcement of the vaccination requirement applies to truckers who are entering Canada at international border crossings. Since January 15, unvaccinated American cross-border truckers have been denied entry into Canada. Canadian truckers who are not fully vaccinated "have to show proof of a negative PCR test collected within 72 hours of arriving at the border"; they also "need to quarantine after arrival". January 22: A reciprocal vaccination requirement for the cross-border trucking industry has been in place since January 22, when the United States enforced theirs, affecting unvaccinated American truckers returning to the United States. Unvaccinated Canadian truckers are denied entry to the United States. The first convoy departed Prince Rupert, arriving in Prince George in the evening. January 23: Another convoy left from Delta with supporters gathering along Highway 1, the Trans-Canada Highway. January 24: In Saskatchewan, police in Regina reported that there were supporters greeting a convoy of about 1,200 vehicles as it drove through the Regina. January 25: Another convoy passed through Kenora, Ontario, where Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) in contact with the convoy stated that 200–300 vehicles would be passing through Kenora. The convoys consisted of three main routes across Canada, which would converge for the Ottawa protest on the weekend. January 26: The Ottawa Police Service expected an estimated 2,000 demonstrators in Ottawa by January 28 weekend. The OPP estimated approximately 400 vehicles had entered Ontario from the Manitoba border as part of the eastbound convoy. In a phone interview Jason LaFace said he was invited by Canada Unity to join them to organize much of the Ontario convoy. Laface said the convoy team was working with constitutional lawyers to get signatures to "compel the government to dissolve government." He compared mask mandates which forced him to wear a mask in grocery stores to "living in Nazi Germany". He concluded by saying Trudeau was a criminal. January 27: The Kingston Police estimated approximately 300 vehicles (17 full tractor-trailers, 104 tractors without trailers, 424 passenger vehicles and six RVs) to go through Kingston. January: Intelligence reports by the Integrated Terrorism Assessment Centre (ITAC), which is part of CSIS, said that some convoy supporters "advocated civil war", had "called for violence against prime minister Justin Trudeau, and said the protest should be 'used as Canada's 'January 6'". The ITAC reports, which were seen by The Guardian, warned in late January that that "extremists" were "likely involved" and the "potential for violence remained real". January 28: The province of Nova Scotia banned gatherings along highways, specifically on the Trans-Canada (Highway 104) between the Nova Scotia and New Brunswick border, in relation to protests related to the freedom convoy. The number of vehicles in the convoy was estimated as including between 551 and 1,155 vehicles with 121–230 trucks and from 430 to 925 personal vehicles. A convoy of trucks from Niagara Region arrive in Ottawa, led by West Lincoln Township councillor Harold Jonker, who served as road captain. January 29: Canadian Trucking Alliance said many of the supporters at the protest in Ottawa had no direct connection to the trucking industry. As the western convoy reached Ontario, it began to expand from its original goals. Several protesters voiced opposition to perceived authoritarianism and corruption by Justin Trudeau, stating they wanted him "out of office", while others said: "This is not an anti-vaccination movement, this is a freedom movement". Big rigs began to block downtown traffic near Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Media reported protesters drinking and dancing on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the National War Memorial, and putting protest posters and an upside-down Canadian flag on the memorial statue of cancer fundraiser Terry Fox. Images of a Canadian flag marked with a swastika were seen, as were Confederate flags. There were reports of some protesters harassing volunteers at a local soup kitchen, the Shepherds of Good Hope. Its press release said trucks were towed after blocking its ambulance drop-off zone for around half a day. The Ottawa Police Service has 1,500 officers to serve the million residents of the city of Ottawa. There were only 150 officers on the streets in "three of the most affected neighbourhoods over the course of a day". OPS Chief Sloly requested an additional 1,800 officers early on, but by February 13, they had not arrived. Estimates of the number of people range from 3,000 to 18,000 people. Media outlets estimated 8,000–15,000 people The OPS estimated from 5,000 to 18,000 people. CBC estimated there were 3,000 people in attendance. January 30: Pat King, who has been described as a key organizer of the convoy, said in his "livestreamed broadcast", "We are now well organized and are settling in, until Canada is a free nation again." Convoy organizers held a press conference at an undisclosed location, that open only to invited right-wing outlets. Main stream media outlets were denied access. OPS launched a criminal investigation into the desecration of the National War Memorial and statue of Terry Fox. They will also be investigating "threatening/illegal/intimidating behaviour" toward police officers, workers and other private citizens. OPS Chief of Police Peter Sloly said: "I think the only thing we can say for sure we're still going to be dealing with some level of traffic disruption and demonstration over the next 24 hours." January 31: The House of Commons resumed on January 31, after the holiday break. February February 1: In a 6:00 a.m. Canada Newswire press release, Tamara Lich who self-identified as the Freedom Convoy's spokesperson, said that the organizers had been surprised and temporarily overwhelmed "from a logistical point of view" by the number of protesters from all across Canada, but that they were not "retreating." She said they were "well-organized" and had "settled in" and "would remain in Ottawa " "for as long as it takes...[to] end all mandates associated with COVID-19"—"until Canada is a free nation again." February 2: Ottawa's police chief, Peter Sloly, described a "significant element" of American involvement in the organization and funding of the convoys. Many of the anonymous donors participating in the protest's GoFundMe campaign claimed to be from the United States, and many used false names. February 3: Ottawa mayor Jim Watson submitted a request for help for additional resources to the Minister of Public Safety, Marco Mendicino. February 4: Following a phone call with Mayor Watson, Mendicino said, "The convoy in Ottawa has caused significant disruption to local residents – including vandalism, harassment, expressions of hate and violence and ongoing obstruction of many essential services. The community is entitled to expect that the law is upheld and enforced by police, and that public safety is maintained." During a CBC television interview, Mendicino said, "We put the question of vaccines and vaccine mandates on the ballot ... in the (2021) election and we're simply carrying out the promise that we made with the support of the vast majority of Canadians." He said that "government would not back down on the issue". February 5: According to the Daily Hive, protesters barbecued food, played hockey, and set up bouncy castles for their children to play in. Global News reported that there were about 1,000 vehicles and 5,000 people in attendance. February 6 (Day 10) Mayor Watson said that "demonstrators outnumbered police and controlled the situation." Mayor Watson declared a state of emergency in response to the "unprecedented 10-day occupation". In his statement he said, that this "reflects the serious danger and threat to the safety and security of residents posed by the ongoing demonstrations and highlights the need for support from other jurisdictions and levels of government." The "Freedom Convoy 2022 Fund Raiser" Facebook group was started on Facebook. February 7 (Day 11): The Ottawa Police Board held an emergency meeting where Ottawa city councillor and Board chair, Diane Deans, said the Ottawa was "under siege", and that the disruption had "become a nationwide insurrection", with protesters "terrorizing" and "threatening" Ottawa residents. An Ottawa judge, Justice Hugh McLean, granted a ten-day interim injunction to "silence the honking horns" as requested by lawyer Paul Champ on behalf of his client, Zexi Li, in their proposed class-action lawsuit filed at the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. In their February 7 statement, Teamsters Canadarepresenting more than 55,000 professional drivers, including approximately 15,000 long-haul truck drivers, of which 90% are vaccinated, said that the so-called “freedom convoy” are "delegitimiz[ing] the real concerns of most truck drivers today". The statement said that the convoy and "the despicable display of hate lead by the political Right and shamefully encouraged by elected conservative politicians does not reflect the values of Teamsters Canada." Facebook parent Meta Platforms said it had removed one convoy protest-associated Facebook group for promoting the QAnon conspiracy theory. Meta also "removed dozens" of "spammer" and "scammer" "groups, pages and accounts" that claimed ties to the truck convoy protest. Self-declared spokesperson Tom Marazzo said at "emergency press conference" that he was proposing that a "core group of organizers and their supporters could sit at a table “with the Conservatives, and the NDP, and the Bloc as a coalition." February 8: ITAC report raised concerns that the "online rhetoric" was "violent", and that there were "ideological extremists" who were "physically present" at "some gatherings". Canada Unity retracted their MoU that had "underpinned its fight against COVID-19 measures". February 10: The Chief Medical Officer of Health of Ontario, Dr. Kieran Moore, said that there was a "remarkable improvement" in "all of key metrics" in the province that will lead to a review of all COVID-19 "public health measures" which includes "mask mandates and proof of vaccination." As a third border blockade began in Manitoba, the Conservatives reversed their position supporting the border blockades. Bergen called for the blockades to disperse, "for the sake of the economy", but vowed to continue pushing the governing Liberals to release a clear plan for ending COVID-19 restrictions. OPS announced on Twitter that there was a “concerted effort” to flood 911 with "excessive calls to jam up Ottawa's emergency call system. The OPS reported that the these nuisance callsmany of which came from the United Stateswere part of a efforts that were "ongoing throughout this demonstration" to swat-and-dox OPS "organizations and logistics." The prank calls "endanger lives". These calls were tracked and police will "charge anyone deliberately interfering with emergencies.” OPS Chief Sloly said the 911 calls were considered to be "linked to the ongoing protests against COVID-19 vaccine mandates." Protester circled Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport for two hours; the Ottawa International Airport Authority said it had little effect on operations. February 11: In a misappropriation of Orange Shirt Day, that was condemned by Indigenous leaders, the protest convoy declared February 11 an "orange shirt day" and called for student walkouts to end COVID-19 restrictions in schools. In a virtual meeting, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and US President Joe Biden discussed ending the blockades at the border. February 12: Federal Health Minister Jean-Yves Duclos alongside Dr. Tam, said that the worst of the fifth (Omicron) wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was behind us, most new cases were community-driven, and cross-border restrictions were less effective. Duclos announced an update on health restrictions in the following week. Plans for the creation of the new Integrated Command Centre (ICC) were in place. The ICC was created to help Ottawa Police Services (OPS) coordinate with Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) and RCMP when the anticipated reinforcements would arrive. As an estimated 4,000 protesters converged on Parliament Hill, the extra reinforcements requested by Chief Sloly a week earlier had not yet arrived. February 13: Ontario Premier Doug Ford declared a state of emergency in Ontario as protesters continued to occupy the Ambassador Bridge. Ford referred to the situation in downtown Ottawa as a "siege". By February 12, police had cleared trucks from the bridge, with busloads of police, some with heavy weapons, and an armoured vehicle. Protesters returned on foot. Protesters were completely cleared from the Ambassador Bridge blockade at approximately 8 a.m, although the border was not immediately opened. The bridge re-opened Sunday evening with 25 to 30 people arrested and 12 small vehicles seized. There was a substantial police presence and Jersey barriers were installed to keep the three-mile long access road to the bridge open. On February 16, police intercepted a convoy of six or seven trucks away from Windsor — heading towards the city after leaving Ottawa. February 14: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau invoked the Emergencies Act, to "end border blockades and the occupation of downtown Ottawa by so-called “Freedom Convoy” protesters." The Act gave banks and the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC) temporary "powers to monitor transactions and potentially freeze accounts" in order to prevent key figures in the protest from accessing funds to continue the illegal demonstration. February 15: During the fifth wave there were 134, 098 active cases which was more than three times higher than at any other peak number in the previous waves. While most cases were milder, there were 6,584 deaths recorded by mid-February. Canada's total death count of 35,679 over the 753 days of the pandemic is lower than many advanced economy nations. February 15: During the fifth wave there were 134, 098 active cases which was more than three times higher than at any other peak number in the previous waves. While most cases were milder, there were 6,584 deaths recorded by mid-February. Canada's total death count of 35,679 over the 753 days of the pandemic is lower than many advanced economy nations. February 17–20: A large-numbered joint-operation police presence in Ottawa began making arrests of organizers, protesters, the removal of parked vehicles and dismantling of blockades from Ottawa streets. By February 20, the downtown of Ottawa had been secured by police, with the area in front of Parliament cleared of protesters and concrete barricades and fencing blocking off the area. February 18: Six investigators from the Special Investigations Unit (SIU) are investigating an incident on Friday, at about 5:14 p.m. on Rideau Street and Mackenzie Avenue involving a Toronto Police Service officer in the mounted police unit and a 49-year-old woman, who "has a reported serious injury". There is a now-debunked but widely-spread online rumour that a woman had been trampled by a horse and killed. The family of the woman said that "she is alive and is recovering from a broken clavicle." This was also confirmed by paramedics. February 19: On "Saturday, at about 7:18 p.m. Vancouver Police Department officers discharged Anti-Riot Weapon Enfields (less-lethal firearms) at individuals in the area of Sparks Street and Bank Street". The incident is under investigation by the SIU "investigators and two forensic investigators." In response to an OPS plea on Twitter for protesters to "stop calling critical emergency and operational phone lines" as a means of protest, anti-vaccine, and anti-mandate Lanark-Frontenac-Kingston, Ontario Independent MPP Randy Hillier, who has been with the protesters on site since late January, urged protesters through his Twitter account to "keep calling". In the Ontario area that Hillier represents in parliament, 90% of his constituents are vaccinated. A statement by the "RCMP, banking sector and federal government" clarified that the Emergencies Act "account-freezing powers...do not affect donors" to the Freedom Convoy protest. The RCMP said that they, did not "provide a list of donors to financial institutions". A Conservative MP who represents the Chilliwack—Hope riding, made a widely circulated but "unsubstantiated" claim on February 20, that the bank account of one of his constituents, who had donated $50 to the Freedom Convoy, had been frozen because of the Emergencies Act. During a series of police advances the crowd was pushed away from Parliament Hill. February 20: The area surrounding the Parliamentary Precinct, occupied by protesters for three weeks, was cleared of all protesters and fenced off by police. A heavy police presence remained. The Canadian Department of Finance said the 206 corporate and personal bank accounts had been frozen under the Emergencies Act affecting CA$7.48-million. This also affected CA$1.2-million in cryptocurrency assets. Chrystia Freeland serves as minister of finance and deputy prime minister of Canada. February 21: The House of Commons voted to confirm the Emergencies Act, with 185 for and 151 opposing the motion . February 23: Prime Minister Trudeau lifted the Emergencies Act at 5:00 p.m. ten days after it was invoked. Premier Ford lifted Ontario's state of emergency at the same time. In response to Conservative MP Mark Strahl's viral Tweet containing possible misinformation about a bank account being frozen under the Emergencies Act, a memo was sent to Conservative MPs cautioning them to verify claims before posting them, according to Interim Conservative Leader Candice Bergen. To ensure they were not spreading disinformation, MPs were asked to verifying constituent's identity and request use of their first name, access "written confirmation from their bank branch manager that their account was frozen in accordance with the Emergencies Act". Explanatory notes References Sources </ref> </ref> Official statements 2020s in Ottawa 2022 in Canada 2022 protests COVID-19 pandemic in Canada Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics January 2022 events in Canada Ongoing protests Protests in Canada Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic QAnon Canadian far-right political movements Trucking subculture Justin Trudeau controversies Occupations (protest) Canada–United States trade relations Road transport in Canada

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20history%20of%20the%20Russian%20Federation

Military history of the Russian Federation

The military history of the Russian Federation began with the establishment of the Russian Armed Forces following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This was followed by its engagements in post-Soviet conflicts, after which many reforms were put in place during the late-90's and the 2000's. During the 2010's and 2020's, the country has been involved in several interventions and invasions involving other countries. Origins of the Russian Armed Forces The Soviet Union officially dissolved on 25 December 1991. For the next year various attempts to keep its unity and to transform it into the military of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) failed. Over time, some units stationed in the newly independent republics swore loyalty to their new national governments, while a series of treaties between the newly independent states divided up the military's assets. After signing the Belavezha Accords on 21 December 1991, the countries of the newly formed CIS signed a protocol on the temporary appointment of Marshal of Aviation Yevgeny Shaposhnikov as Minister of Defence and commander of the armed forces in their territory, including strategic nuclear forces. On 14 February 1992 Shaposhnikov formally became Supreme Commander of the CIS Armed Forces. On 16 March 1992 a decree by Boris Yeltsin created The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation the operational control of Allied High Command and the Ministry of Defence, which was headed by President. Finally, on 7 May 1992, Yeltsin signed a decree establishing the armed forces and Yeltsin assumed the duties of the Supreme Commander. In May 1992, General Colonel Pavel Grachev became the Minister of Defence, and was made Russia's first Army General on assuming the post. By August or December 1993 CIS military structures had become CIS military cooperation structures with all real influence lost. In the next few years, Russian forces withdrew from central and eastern Europe, as well as from some newly independent post-Soviet republics. While in most places the withdrawal took place without any problems, the Russian Armed Forces remained in some disputed areas such as the Sevastopol naval base in the Crimea as well as in Abkhazia, South Ossetia and in Transnistria. The Armed Forces have several bases in foreign countries, especially on territory of the former Soviet Republics. A new military doctrine, promulgated in November 1993, implicitly acknowledged the contraction of the old Soviet military into a regional military power without global ambitions. In keeping with its emphasis on the threat of regional conflicts, the doctrine called for a smaller, lighter, and more mobile Russian military, with a higher degree of professionalism and with greater rapid-deployment capability. Such change proved extremely difficult to achieve. Post-Soviet conflicts Transnistria War, 1990–1992 The Transnistria War was an armed conflict that broke out on 2 November 1990 in Dubăsari between pro-Transnistria (PMR) forces, including the Transnistrian Republican Guard, militia and neo-Cossack units (which were supported by elements of the Russian 14th Army); and pro-Moldovan forces, including Moldovan troops and police. Although the Russian Army officially took the position of neutrality and non-involvement, many of its officers were sympathetic towards the fledgling Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR) and some even defected in order to help the Transnistrian side openly. ROG Parcani sapper battalion, under the orders of General Butkevich, went over to the Transnistrian side. This battalion later destroyed the bridges at Dubăsari, Gura Bâcului-Bâcioc and Coșnița. Moldovan forces used aircraft in the village of Parcani and shelled the ROG station there which meant engaging not just Transnistrian but also Russian forces. Russian constitutional crisis, 1993 The 1993 Russian constitutional crisis was a political stand-off between the Russian president Boris Yeltsin and the Russian parliament that was resolved by military force. The relations between the president and the parliament had been deteriorating for some time. The power struggle reached its crisis on 21 September 1993, when President Yeltsin intended to dissolve the country's highest body (Congress of People's Deputies) and parliament (Supreme Soviet), although the constitution did not give the president the power to do so. Yeltsin justified his orders by the results of the referendum of April 1993. In response, the parliament declared the president's decision null and void, impeached Yeltsin and proclaimed vice president Aleksandr Rutskoy to be acting president. On 3 October, demonstrators removed militia cordons around the parliament and, urged by their leaders, took over the Mayor's offices and tried to storm the Ostankino television centre. The army, which had initially declared its neutrality, stormed the Supreme Soviet building in the early morning hours of 4 October by Yeltsin's order, and arrested the leaders of the resistance. At the climax of the crisis, Russia was thought by some to be "on the brink" of civil war. The ten-day conflict became the deadliest single event of street fighting in Moscow's history since the Russian Revolution. First Chechen War, 1994–1996 The First Chechen War was a rebellion by the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria against the Russian Federation, fought from December 1994 to August 1996. The first war was preceded by the Russian Intervention in Ichkeria, in which Russia tried to covertly overthrow the Ichkerian government. After the initial campaign of 1994–1995, culminating in the devastating Battle of Grozny, Russian federal forces attempted to seize control of the mountainous area of Chechnya but were set back by Chechen guerrilla warfare and raids on the flatlands despite Russia's overwhelming advantages in firepower, manpower, weaponry, artillery, combat vehicles, airstrikes and air support. The resulting widespread demoralization of federal forces and the almost universal opposition of the Russian public to the conflict led Boris Yeltsin's government to declare a ceasefire with the Chechens in 1996 and sign a peace treaty a year later. The official figure for Russian military deaths is 5,732, while most estimates put the number between 3,500 and 7,500, or even as high as 14,000. Although there are no accurate figures for the number of Chechen forces killed, various estimates put the number at about 3,000 to 17,391 dead or missing. Various figures estimate the number of civilian deaths at between 30,000 and 100,000 killed and possibly over 200,000 injured, while more than 500,000 people were displaced by the conflict, which left cities and villages across the republic in ruins. The conflict led to a significant decrease of non-Chechen population due to violence and discrimination. Second Chechen War, 1999–2000 The Second Chechen War was an armed conflict in Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, fought from August 1999 to April 2000. In August 1999, Islamist fighters from Chechnya infiltrated Russia's Dagestan region, declaring it an independent state and calling for holy war. During the initial campaign, Russian military and pro-Russian Chechen paramilitary forces faced Chechen separatists in open combat and seized the Chechen capital Grozny after a winter siege that lasted from December 1999 until February 2000. Russia established direct rule over Chechnya in May 2000 although Chechen militant resistance throughout the North Caucasus region continued to inflict heavy Russian casualties and challenge Russian political control over Chechnya for several years. Both sides carried out attacks against civilians. These attacks drew international condemnation. In mid-2000, the Russian government transferred certain military responsibilities to pro-Russian Chechen forces. The military phase of operations was terminated in April 2002, and the coordination of the field operations were given first to the Federal Security Service and then to the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the summer of 2003. On 16 April 2009, the counter-terrorism operation in Chechnya was officially ended. The exact death toll of the conflict is unknown. Russian casualties are around 7,500 (official Russian casualty figures) or about 14,000 according to the Committee of Soldiers' Mothers. Unofficial sources estimate a range of 25,000 to 50,000 dead or missing, mostly Chechen civilians. Reforms Under Pavel Grachev (Defence Minister from 1992 to 1996) little military reform took place, though there was a plan to create more deployable mobile forces. Later Defence Minister Rodionov (in office 1996–1997) had good qualifications but did not manage to institute lasting change. Only under Defence Minister Igor Sergeyev (in office 1997–2001) did a certain amount of limited reform begin, though attention focused upon the Strategic Rocket Forces. 1997–1998 military reform The reform established 2 categories of military units: 1) constant combat readiness units manned to wartime standards; 2) short staffed units manned to peacetime standards (30-70% of wartime standards). The rest of military units were transformed into weapons and military equipment storage bases. Space Forces were incorporated into Strategic Rocket Forces. Space Missile Defence Forces were separated from Air Defence Forces and incorporated into Strategic Rocket Forces. The rest of Air Defence Forces were incorporated into Air Force. Transbaikal Military District was abolished, its territory was divided between Siberian Military District and Far Eastern Military District. Some military academies were disbanded. The total number of military personnel was reduced to 1.2 million troops. The possibility of the recruitment of volunteers for enlisted personnel and non-commissioned officers positions was provided but in fact these positions were filled by conscripts, as before. 2001–2004 military reform The reform was announced by minister of defence Sergei Ivanov in 2001 and was completed in 2004. As a result of the reform, constant combat readiness military units, staffed with volunteers only, appeared in Russia but draft system had been retained. As of 2008, there were 20% constant combat readiness military units, manned to wartime standards, and 80% cadre military units, manned to peacetime standards, in Russian Armed Forces. 2008 military reform After the Russo-Georgian War, it became clear that Russian military organization needed further reform; as Vladimir Shamanov said, cadre regiments and divisions, intended for receiving mobilization resources and deployment in the period immediately preceding the outbreak of war, have become a costly relic. In response to poor and unsatisfactory performance of Russian forces overall in the Russo-Georgian War in August 2008, significant reforms were announced on 14 October 2008 by minister of defence Anatoliy Serdyukov and major structural reorganisation began in 2009. Key elements of the reforms announced in October 2008 included reducing the armed forces to a strength of one million by 2012 (planned end-date was 2016); reducing the number of officers; centralising officer training from 65 military schools into 10 "systemic" military training centres; reducing the size of the central command; introducing more civilian logistics and auxiliary staff; elimination of cadre-strength formations; reorganising the reserves; reorganising the army into a brigade system; and reorganising air forces into an air-base system instead of regiments. The main organizational change was the transition from a 4-level operational chain of command (Military District - Army - Division - Regiment) to a 3-level one (Military District - Operational Command (Army) - Brigade). Also Russia fully refused cadre military units, manned to peacetime standards (so-called "paper divisions"), and since that time only constant combat readiness military units, 100% manned up to wartime standards, were part of Russian Armed Forces. On 31 October 2010, Anatoly Serdyukov stated that changes in organizational-regular structure was completed. On 17 October 2012 the head of the State Duma's Defence Committee told RIA Novosti that Russia planned to boost annual defense spending by 59 percent to almost 3 trillion rubles ($83.3 billion) in 2015 up from $61 billion in 2012. "Targeted national defence spending as a percentage of GDP will amount to 3.2 percent in 2013, 3.4 percent in 2014 and 3.7 percent in 2015", Defence Committee chairman Vladimir Komoedov is quoted as saying in the committee's conclusion on the draft budget for 2013–2015. The number of military units is to be reduced in accordance with the table: An essential part of the military reform involves downsizing. At the beginning of the reform the Russian Army had about 1,200,000 active personnel. Largely, the reductions fall among the officers. Personnel are to be reduced according to the table: The schedule envisaged reducing the total numbers in the officer corps from 335 thousand to 150 thousand, but in early February 2011 Defence Minister Anatoly Serdyukov announced the decision to increase officers by 70,000 - to 220 thousand to counteract this. According to Alexander Golts, journalist and military columnist, as a result of aforementioned reforms, Russia gained absolute military dominance in the post-Soviet area and Russian Armed Forces gained the ability that it had never had: ability to quick deployment, which was clearly demonstrated on 26 February 2014. Reforms of the reserve officer training system The reserve officer training system, inherited from the Soviet Union, involved selective conscription of graduates of civilian institutions of higher education, who have graduated the military departments of their almae matres and received a commission as an officer. Such person could be conscripted from the reserve of armed forces to active duty, but until the age of 27 only; the period of active duty of such officer was several years, and at the end of that period he was due to be enlisted in the reserve of armed forces again. Such officers were called "blazers" in army's slang (for example, Anatoly Kvashnin was a "blazer"). At the moment of the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, there were 397 civilian institutions of higher education which had military departments, in whole USSR, and 241 Russian institutions retained military departments after that event. Initially, there was a plan of more substantial reduction in the number of military departments, but it had to be abandoned due to dearth of lieutenants associated with regular officers voluntary discharge owing to financial problems of Armed Forces in 1990s, which had to be compensated through reserve officers conscription, which had acquired a particular importance on the background of First Chechen War. Like in the Soviet Union, Russian military education was aimed at training of narrow officers-specialists in particular military occupational specialties, and it differed greatly from American military education system where newly second lieutenants receive particular specialties in the framework of their "career branch" only after graduation of military academy or ROTC. Military departments conducted training mostly at command, engineering, and to a lesser extent at administrative and humanities military occupational specialties. Military education became voluntary. Federal Law of 28 March 1998, №53-FZ «About military duty and military service» (in version which was valid as 31 December 2007) provided that only full-time face-to-face learning students of civilian institution of higher education could be accepted to the military department of this civilian institution of higher education (hereinafter in the text also - university). Enrolling in the military department was voluntary for all students. After finishing military department’s course, including military training camps or traineeship in military units of regular armed forces, and passing the state final exam student was due to be presented the promotion to primary military officer rank (lieutenant). Graduate of the military department was due to be promoted to officer at the same time as his enlisting in the reserve of armed forces. However, the relevant order of ministry of defence entered into force subject to student’s successful graduation of university in main, civilian degree. Afterwards, such officer could be conscripted from the reserve of armed forces to active duty, but until the age of 27 only. The period of active duty of such officer was 2 years, and at the end of that period he was due to be enlisted in the reserve of armed forces again. In 2005, minister of defence Sergei Ivanov announced the forthcoming significant reduction in the number of military departments carrying out the training commissioned officers from students of civilian institutions of higher education. By March 2008, 168 of 235 civilian universities, academies and institutions which previously had military departments had lost these units. In addition, 37 of 67 civilian universities, academies and institutions which retained military departments became the basis for establishment of new training military centers. In accordance with Government of Russia Decree of 6 March 2008 №152, the training military centers focused on training officers for active duty, whilst the military departments focused on training officers for reserve. In accordance with the amendments, contained in Federal Law of 6 July 2006 №104-FZ, the conscription of reserve officers was abolished, graduates of military departments were not subject to conscription to active duty no more (with exception of wartime mobilization) but all graduates of training military centers were due to be enrolled for 3 years active duty immediately upon the university graduation. In accordance with the amendments, contained in Federal Law of 3 August 2018 №309-FZ, the military departments and the training military centers were abolished, from that moment on, students of civilian institutions of higher education were trained under both officers training programmes (for reserve and for active duty) in the Military Training Centers. In 2019, there were the military training centers in 93 civilian institutions of higher education. The basic characteristic of new system is maximum possible harmonization of military occupational specialty and main civilian specialty of a student. Formation of voluntary military reserve force Russian military reserve force was established as experiment by the Presidential Decree of 17 July 2015 №370. In 2018, Russia started full-scale formation of military reserve force based on volunteers selected from among those who retired from active duty. Russian military reserve force () is a set of citizens who have signed a contracts to perform military service as a reservists, who were appointed to a military positions in particular military units in this capacity, and who are involved in all operational, mobilization, and combat activities of these military units, unlike other citizens who haven’t signed such contracts and who can be used for mobilization deployment of armed forces on involuntary basis only in cases stipulated by law (). The deployment of military units, composed of reservists, takes minimum time and do not requires any retraining of military personnel; furthermore, military units, composed of reservists, use the same weapons as used by military units, composed of active duty military personnel. Military units, staffed by reservists, are 100% manned up to wartime standards just like military units, staffed by active duty military personnel only. There is no possibility to define by military units designation what we're dealing with - reserve or not reserve military unit. The number of reservists is not presented in open sources and is not among the number of active duty military volunteers which is published by Ministry of Defence. This makes it difficult for establish real troop strength of new Russian military units and formations. Invasions and interventions Georgian war, 2008 The Russo-Georgian War was a war between Georgia, Russia and the Russian-backed self-proclaimed republics of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The war took place in August 2008 following a period of worsening relations between Russia and Georgia, both formerly constituent republics of the Soviet Union. The fighting took place in the strategically important Transcaucasia region. It is regarded as the first European war of the 21st century. Russian forces temporarily occupied the Georgian cities of Zugdidi, Senaki, Poti and Gori, holding on to these areas beyond the ceasefire. The South Ossetians destroyed most ethnic Georgian villages in South Ossetia and were responsible for an ethnic cleansing of Georgians. Russia recognised the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia from Georgia on 26 August and the Georgian government severed diplomatic relations with Russia. Russia mostly completed its withdrawal of troops from undisputed parts of Georgia on 8 October. Ukrainian war, 2014–present The Russo-Ukrainian War is an ongoing and protracted conflict that started in February 2014, primarily involving Russia and pro-Russian forces on one hand, and Ukraine on the other. Following the Euromaidan protests and the subsequent removal of Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych on 22 February 2014, and amidst pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine, Russian soldiers without insignias took control of strategic positions and infrastructure within the Ukrainian territory of Crimea. On 1 March 2014, the Federation Council of the Russian Federation unanimously adopted a resolution to petition Russian President Vladimir Putin to use military force in Ukraine. The resolution was adopted several days later, after the start of the Russian military operation on the "Returning of Crimea". Russia then annexed Crimea after a widely criticised local referendum which was organised by Russia after the capturing of the Crimean Parliament whose outcome was for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea to join the Russian Federation. In April, demonstrations by pro-Russian groups in the Donbas area of Ukraine escalated into a war between the Ukrainian government and the Russian-backed separatist forces of the self-declared Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics. In August, Russian military vehicles crossed the border in several locations of Donetsk Oblast. The incursion by the Russian military was seen as responsible for the defeat of Ukrainian forces in early September. On 24 February 2022, Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine. The campaign started after a prolonged military buildup and the Russian recognition of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic in the days prior to the invasion, followed by the entrance of the Russian Armed Forces to the Donbas region of Eastern Ukraine on 21 February 2022. At about 06:00 Moscow time (UTC+3), Russian president Vladimir Putin announced a military operation in eastern Ukraine; minutes later, missile strikes began at locations across the country, including in the capital Kyiv. The Ukrainian Border Service stated that its borders with Russia and Belarus were attacked. Multiple countries have condemned the attack on Ukraine. Syria, 2015–present The Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war began in September 2015, after an official request by the Syrian government for military aid against rebel groups. The intervention initially involved air strikes by Russian aircraft deployed to the Khmeimim base against targets primarily in north-western Syria, and against Syrian opposition militant groups opposed to the Syrian government, including the Syrian National Coalition, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), al-Nusra Front (al-Qaeda in Syria) and the Army of Conquest. In addition, Russian special operations forces and military advisors are deployed to Syria. Prior to the intervention, Russian involvement in the Syrian Civil War had mainly consisted of supplying the Syrian Army with arms and equipment. At the end of December 2017, the Russian government announced its troops would be deployed to Syria permanently. See also Military history of Russia References Military history of Russia

70128681

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoy%20to%20Canberra

Convoy to Canberra

The convoy to Canberra was an anti-vaccine mandate protest in Australia between late January and mid-February 2022 that was inspired by the Canadian Freedom Convoy protest. Thousands of protesters converged on the Australian capital city of Canberra, camping near the Australian Parliament, National Library and the National Press Club. As with the Canadian protest, the Canberra protest was organised through various social media platforms including Facebook, Telegram, GoFundMe, and GiveSendGo. By 13 February, most of the convoy protesters had dispersed after local authorities moved them in preparation for the Royal Canberra Show. Background The Canadian anti-lockdown and anti-vaccine mandate Freedom Convoy which began in late January 2022 inspired similar Facebook and Telegram groups in 34 countries including Australia. The Convoy to Canberra attracted various elements including anti-vaccination activists, anti-vaccine mandate activists, the Sovereign citizen movement, ultra religious groups, members of the United Australia Party, and self-proclaimed indigenous rights activists. The Aboriginal Tent Embassy disavowed the indigenous rights activists participating in the Convoy to Canberra and criticised the Sovereign citizen activists for hijacking the Australian indigenous rights cause. Timeline From 31 January 2022, a "Convoy to Canberra" consisting of thousands of protesters in trailers, trucks, cars and campervans gathered in Canberra, picketing the National Library of Australia, the Australian Parliament House and the National Press Club. Convoy participants vowed to remain to protest COVID-19 restrictions until the Australian Parliament sat on 8 February 2022. Protest organisers also planned an "Occupy Canberra" protest at Old Parliament House and the Australian Parliament House to coincide with the resumption of Parliament in the week of 7 February. Protesters waved flags or wore merchandise supporting Donald Trump, the United Australia Party, One Nation, the QAnon conspiracy theory, and anti-lockdown groups. In addition protesters criticised several prominent federal and state figures including Prime Minister Scott Morrison, Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews, New South Wales Premier Dominic Perrottet, and Australian Labor Party leader Anthony Albanese. The far right Canadian media outlet Rebel News's correspondent Avi Yemini also covered the protests; with the outlet's videos being circulated on several social media platforms including Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Telegram and Instagram. The presence of protesters created traffic chaos in Canberra. On 2 February, police used pepper spray and arrested at least four participants while attempting to clear protesters camped outside the National Library. On 4 February, "Sovereign citizen groups" gathered outside police stations where supporters attempted to "serve papers" on public officials. On 5 February, about 2,000 anti-vaccination mandate protestors marched to the Parliamentary Triangle. The march began at Glebe Park in the CBD, then onto Commonwealth Avenue, disrupting traffic. United Australia Party leader Craig Kelly, Liberal National Party of Queensland Member of Parliament George Christensen and Senator Gerard Rennick attended the protests. That same day, the National Capital Authority objected to illegal camping and parking outside the National Library and ordered Police to remove them. On 12 February, around 10,000 protesters converged on Parliament House and Old Parliament House. These protesters had camped at Exhibition Park in Canberra (EPIC), after being moved on from the lawns next to the National Library. Police arrested three people including one man for breaching a fence while two others were arrested for disturbing the peace. The crowd was generally well behaved. Participants called for the elimination of mandates and the sacking of government ministers. In response, Police called on protesters to vacate by 13 February. In response to protest activity, Lifeline Canberra and the Capital Regional Farmers Market suspended their events due to safety concerns for customers. By 13 February, many of the Convoy to Canberra protesters had dispersed after being moved on from a camping ground in the Canberra CBD ahead of preparations for the Royal Canberra Show. The presence of the protesters had created friction with Canberra locals over the past two weeks. The previous night, anti-mandate protesters attempted to enter a BentSpoke brewery in Canberra but were stopped by staff since they did not comply with health directions. One of the protesters even threw a glass at the bar. The protesters' actions were criticised by BentSpoke founder Richard Watkins, who defended the conduct of his staff. Responses Politicians On 12 February 2022, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison defended his government's COVID-19 mitigation policies and urged protesters to demonstrate in a "peaceful and respectful way." Australian Labor Party leader Anthony Albanese called on them to return home and stated that their behaviour did little to advance their cause. By contrast, One Nation leader Pauline Hanson expressed support for the Canberra Convoy. Social media In late January 2022, the crowd fundraising website GoFundMe froze more than A$160,000 in funds raised by supporters of the "Convoy to Canberra" amidst concerns over how the money would be spent. On 8 February, the platform subsequently cancelled the pro-Convoy fundraising campaign on the grounds that it had violated its terms of service; returning more than A$179,000 to donors. On 10 February, Crikey reported that several fake Facebook accounts based in India, Bangladesh and Canada were being used to organise the Convoy to Canberra protest and to solicit donations. One notable account purportedly belonged to a Canadian named James Rhodes was found to have an artifically generated image while the administrator of another group was reveled to be a Bangladeshi man named Shamim Khan. While Facebook and Telegram were being used to advertise the protest and coordinate attendees, crowdfunding platforms such as GoFundMe and GiveSendGo were being used to raise funds for the protests. Meta Platforms subsequently deleted a Convoy to Canberra Facebook group, which claimed 177,000 members. On 17 February, a follow-up Crikey report found that at least two Convoy to Canberra Facebook groups were linked to Bangladeshi Facebook users, who had been paid by organisers of the Australian and Canadian convoy protests to promote these Facebook groups and their content. Crikey also reported that 588 Australian-based donors had donated US$33,734 to the Canadian Freedom convoy via GiveSendGo. Notes and references Anti-lockdown protests 2022 in Australia Australian anti-lockdown protests Australian anti-lockdown protests Occupations (protest) Protests in Australia Australia

70129759

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilangu%20%28web%20series%29

Vilangu (web series)

Vilangu () is an Indian Tamil-language crime thriller web series produced as an Original for Zee5, directed by Prasanth Pandiyaraj of Bruce Lee fame. Produced by Escape Artists the series stars Vemal in the lead role along with Ineya, Bala Saravanan, Munishkanth and R. N. R. Manohar. The series comprised seven episodes and was released on Zee5 on 18 February 2022. Synopsis Paridhi (Vemal), a sub-inspector at the Vembur Police Station, in the outskirts of Trichy, is unable to balance his personal and professional life and it is the latter that consumes most of his time. A jewellery theft in a house, a decomposed dead body without a head, a cold-blooded murder - all three crimes that happen back to back, fall under the Vembur Police jurisdiction and the crimes are being investigated by Paridhi and his team of Police officers including Karuppu (Balasaravanan), Uthaman (Munishkanth), and others. As they set out to find the killer, they are welcomed by a series of unexpected events. Who is responsible for the murders that happened in the village and what was the final outcome of the police investigation? Cast Vemal as Paridhi Ineya as Revathi Bala Saravanan as Karuppu Munishkanth as SI Uthaman R. N. R. Manohar as Kodilingam S. S. Chakravarthy as DSP Vaidhyanathan Reshma Pasupuleti as Selvi Ravi as Kicha Sai Umesh Yogi Reception The series opened to extreme positive reviews. Vignesh Madhu of Cinema Express rated the series with 3/5 stars, stating that, "The word Vilangu translates to both handcuff and animal. It is an apt title for a series which is about cops as well as a deceitful man, who hides a beast in him. Leaving aside the horrifying violence, the convenient plot points, and the insipid 'family' scenes, Vilangu makes for a compelling watch." Behindwoods gave a rating of 3 out on 5 and wrote, "Strong performances from Vemal and Bala Saravanan, Ajesh's music and Prasanth's clever writing together propel Vilangu to a must watch zone." The News Minute wrote, "Vilangu makes for a gripping watch because it downplays its surprises intelligently, and doesn’t fall back on flashy, unrealistic reveals that revolve around a hero cop (the background score, too, is committed to the plot and not Paruthi). It’s a cat and mouse game where we aren’t sure until the end who is the cat and who is the mouse. Well played." OTTplay.com rated the series with 3.5/5 stars, called the series an edge-of-the-seat thriller. Binged.com gave a rating of 6.25 out on 10 and wrote the film as Slow Paced But Engaging Police Procedural Thriller. Galatta said "Vilangu is truly a comeback of sorts for Vemal and director Prasanth Pandiyaraj!" and rated the series 3/5 stars. Episodes References External links Tamil-language web series Indian web series ZEE5 original programming

70130206

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.P.%20Thakur

R.P. Thakur

Ram Pravaesh Thakur is an Indian police officer and former Andhra Pradesh DGP. He is an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer from the 1986 batch of the Andhra Pradesh cadre. He was appointed as DGP on 1 July 2018 and served in the position till 1 June 2019. He is a B.Tech graduate from IIT Kanpur joined the Indian Police Service in 1986. Police Appointments RP Thakur joined the service as Additional Superintendent of Police at National Police Academy in Hyderabad in 1986. He later worked as ASP in Guntur, Warangal districts, Suryapet, Grey Hounds, Sattenapalli sub-divisions, later as ASP Warangal district till 1992. He was promoted as Superintendent of Police and worked as SP of West Godavari, Kadapa, Krishna, Warangal districts and later as DCP west zone in Hyderabad till 2000. He was promoted to DIG rank and posted to head Anantapur range and later worked as Central Industrial Security (CISF) Patna DIG from 2002 to 2007 on central deputation. Thakur was promoted to Inspector General and worked as Rayalaseema and Warangal regions IG from 2007 to 2011. He was then promoted as Additional Director General in 2011 served as ADGP (Technology Services), DG (Drugs & Copyright), Controller legal metrology, DG Vigilance and Enforcement and law and order till 2016. RP Thakur On promotion as Director General in 2016, he was posted as Director General of state ACB (Anti-Corruption Bureau) in November 2016, and was appointed Director General of Police, Head of Police Force (DGP, HoPF) on 30 June 2018 and served in the position until 1 June 2019. He later worked as Commissioner of Printing, Stationery and Stores Purchase & and was apponted as vice-chairman and managing director of AP State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) and took charge on 19 Jan 2021. Ram Prawesh Thakur appointed as a member of the Commissionerate of Inquiries on 5 September 2021. References Living people Andhra Pradesh Police Indian police officers All India Services

70131003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Staudte%20Family%20Murders

The Staudte Family Murders

The Staudte Family Murders case, also known as "The Antifreeze Murders", was a series of killings and attempted killings within the Staudte Family of Springfield, Missouri during a five-month period in 2012. Family matriarch Diane Staudte and her daughter, Rachel Staudte, committed the crimes together using antifreeze purchased off the internet, with the rationale that antifreeze sold online would not contain the added bittering agent in commercial chemicals making the ethylene glycol poison detectable. Diane's husband, Mark Staudte, was murdered first, followed five months later by her autistic 26-year-old son, Shaun Staudte. 24-year-old daughter Sarah Staudte had also been poisoned with the antifreeze, being taken to hospital in critical condition. Sarah survived the poisoning and later recovered, albeit with physical and neurological damage. Diane Staudte was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole in 2016, while Rachel Staudte pleaded guilty to second-degree murder in May 2015 as part of a plea deal in exchange for testifying against her mother at her trial, eventually being sentenced in March 2016 to life in prison with the possibility of parole. Background Diane and Mark Staudte were a married couple living in a modest home in Springfield, Missouri with four children: Shaun Staudte (age 26), Sarah Staudte (age 24), Rachel Staudte (age 22) and Briana Staudte (age 9). The Staudte children had varying special needs, with Shaun being on the autism spectrum and still living at home, and Briana, then a fourth-grade student, having learning disabilities. In addition, Sarah Staudte, a university graduate with high grades but an inability to secure employment, had incurred a high amount of student loan debt and was also living at home with her parents. Diane favoured Rachel over the other siblings, and would routinely make a habit of praising Rachel and uploading photos of her onto social media. The family was musically talented and enjoyed religious-themed contemporary music; Diane was a church organist and trained nurse, and also the main source of income for the family, while Mark was the lead singer and guitarist of a local blues band called Messing With Destiny. Mark only brought in minimal income, sometimes taking odd jobs related to the band for extra earnings. Diane and Rachel, after being arrested for the murders, claimed that the targeted family members were burdens on them. Diane alleged that Mark was lazy, would throw objects when angry, and that by the point of killing him, she "hated his guts". She claimed that Shaun was "worse than a pest" as he was always in the home and had trouble socializing with people due to his autism, leading her to kill him as well, although Rachel claimed that she initially had felt that her brother's death was unfair, arguing that her mother should have placed Shaun in assisted living instead. The murders of Mark and Shaun Staudte occurred within five months of each other. Both victims were found with a suspicious ring of blood around their mouths, but the deaths were not investigated any further, owing in part to Mark's lifestyle, which included alcohol consumption on a regular basis. Both bodies were cremated. Diane went further when she considered killing Sarah as well, owing to her not wanting to pay Sarah's student debt. The 24-year-old was poisoned, then later brought to a hospital by Diane because, according to Diane, she did not want the house to smell bad if Sarah died in it (by that point, Diane had used Mark's US$20,000 life insurance policy to move the family into another house with more space). Rachel was also bothered by the prospect of Sarah dying in the house, because she had moved into the room where Shaun had died, and claimed that it was unsettling to her. Sarah was admitted in critical condition, with organ failure and neurological damage presenting. Investigation An anonymous tip, later revealed to be from the Staudte Family's local church pastor, alerted police to the deaths of Mark and Shaun Staudte possibly being connected with Sarah's acute symptoms. Multiple people who knew the Staudtes had observed that Diane was not expressing any grief for the loss of Mark and Shaun; instead, Diane frequented the social media platform Facebook and appeared aloof about the deaths. Family relative Michael Staudte revealed that there had not been any formal services to commemorate Shaun, and that he had only been informed of Shaun's passing after another relative had discovered it. Robert "Rob" Mancuso of Messing With Destiny recalled that Diane was behaving "like she was hosting a party! There was no sadness. I thought it was just her way of grieving." When police investigated the case, Diane had been planning a future vacation to Florida and was still residing with Rachel in the house where Shaun had died and Sarah had fallen ill. Diane revealed that she and Rachel had poisoned their family members with antifreeze. They had sneaked the substance into energy drinks that Mark regularly consumed, as well as into Shaun's favourite soda pop, and had specifically bought it online so as to ensure that there was no noticeable taste to it when hidden. Unlike most antifreeze sold commercially for the general public, the antifreeze purchased by Diane and Rachel lacked an added bittering agent that would have left a foul taste to anything poisoned by it. A note was discovered in Rachel's purse, which Rachel had written a bizarre poem on that read, "Only the quiet ones will be left, my mother, my little sister and me." A hidden diary kept by Rachel revealed that Rachel herself had been involved directly with the murders, and that she had been aware of Mark's impending poisoning at least two months beforehand. Rachel and Diane also admitted that Briana Staudte was to be poisoned after Sarah's death because of the burden of her learning disabilities. Rachel Staudte pleaded guilty in May 2015 to two counts of second-degree murder and one count of first-degree assault. Her mother, Diane Staudte, pleaded guilty to two counts of murder in January 2016 and was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Both Rachel and Diane have since appealed to vacate their pleas, with Rachel arguing, "when lawyers were appointed, my fear of men was not accommodated, leading to miscommunication, coercion (and) mental duress. Being in an interview room alone with a male detective was like being flayed alive." Remaining family members It is unclear what happened to Briana Staudte after the arrest of Diane and Rachel. Briana, then a fourth-grade student and minor child, had not yet been poisoned by her mother or sister. The girl, whose new name has not been identified by news sources due to her age, was placed in foster care. Sarah Staudte survived, but suffered severe organ damage and neurological damage as a result of the antifreeze. Her symptoms, initially thought to be flu-like, were later revealed to be caused by the poisoning. Sarah maintains a Facebook profile with information about the murder case, as well as a profile banner photo of her father performing in Messing With Destiny. Sarah was given the opportunity to read the following statement in court: "I prefer to be a survivor than a victim. I forgive my mom for what she did to me. But she not only took away my dad and brother, but she took away my lifestyle, livelihood and my independence." Sarah, who had been on the Dean's List during her years in university, was said by Greene County Prosecuting Attorney Dan Patterson to require "a guardian, and living in an assisted living facility" due to the effects of the poison on her body and mental state. Public response The public and media expressed disgust over Diane's favouritism towards Rachel, as well as her view of her disabled children as burdens. In particular focus was Rachel's attitude towards the murders; Rachel had written in her diary, prior to her father's death, "It’s sad when I realized how my father will pass on in the next two months... Shaun, my brother, will move on shortly after... it will be tough getting used to the changes but everything will work out." After Shaun's murder, Rachel had posted a selfie on Facebook of herself sitting cross-legged and smiling, with a post that read, "don't think I've seen Mom [Diane] so chilled out like this in a long time." The Staudte Family Murders case was covered extensively by various national and local news agencies. Additionally, the case was discussed at length in multiple true crime YouTube videos, and featured in a segment of 20/20, where Sarah Staudte was interviewed in recovery from her poisoning. References Murder in Missouri People murdered in Missouri 2012 murders in the United States

70131349

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharaas

Bharaas

Bharaas () is a Pakistani television family drama aired on ARY Digital from 28 September 2020 to 4 February 2021. It is produced by Humayun Saeed and Shahzad Nasib under Six Sigma Plus. It stars Omar Shehzad,Dur e Fishan, Furqan Qureshi and Zubab Rana and in lead roles. Bharaas is the story of couple Zoya (Dur-e-Fishan Saleem) and Hassan (Omar Shahzad) who love each other and gets married but their envious cousins Kamal (Furqan Qureshi) and Kiran (Zubab Rana) wants to destroy their relationship. Cast Omar Shahzad as Hassan (Main male protagonist) Dur-e-Fishan Saleem as Zoya (Main female protagonist) Zubab Rana as Kiran (antagonist) Furqan Qureshi as Kamal (antagonist) Salman Saeed as Mansoor; Hassan's elder brother, residing in Canada Behroze Sabzwari as Javed; Mansoor and Hassan's father Shaista Jabeen as Fazeela; Mansoor and Hassan's mother Shaheen Khan as Almas; Kiran's mother and Javed's sister Rabya Kulsoom as Sasha; Zoya's younger sister Khaled Anam as Mubarak Ali (Abbi); Zoya and Sasha father Shazia Qaiser as Mumtaz; Kamaal's mother and Mubarak's sister Musaddiq Malik as Taimoor; Sasha's boyfriend Tara Mahmood; Taimoor's step mother Syeda Tuba Anwar as Mina; Zoya's friend Noreen Mumtaz as Mahira;Taimoor's step sister Imam Syed as Jamal; Taimoor's father Atabik Mohsin as Ramzi; male nurse hired for Javed by Zoya Naeem Malik as Adeel; police officer who arrests Kamaal Sohail Masood as Shakeel; Mubarak's friend Kaiser Rafik Sheraz Dilawar Reception The serial received positive reviews from the audience for its intriguing storyline. Fishan's portrayal as Zoya received praise for her performance. Also Rana and Qureshi portrayals as antagonist were well received by the viewer's. It also grabbed good trp's throughout its run. Awards and Nominations References ARY Digital original programming Pakistani television series 2020 Pakistani television series debuts 2021 Pakistani television series endings

70131956

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Herwartz

Christian Herwartz

Christian Maria Oskar Herwartz, SJ (16 April 1943 – 20 February 2022), was a German Catholic priest. He was a member of the Society of Jesus, active as a worker-priest, author and blogger. After three years as worker in France, he lived from 1978 to 2016 with other Jesuits in a community in Berlin that offers beds for people in need, regardless of nationality, faith and reason. Herwartz is regarded as the founder of the movement, adapting the order's spiritual exercises to life in the streets. The community held regular peace prayers in Berlin until 2020. Life Herwartz was born in Stralsund, the eldest of six brothers. His father Oskar Herwarth (1915–2002) was a soldier who was a U-843 commander in World War II, and later became a captain of the German Navy. The family moved often, and Christian left higher school without his Abitur. After two years of practice (Praktikum) of mechanical engineering at a shipyard in Kiel he became a soldier of the German Army, reaching the rank of . In 1967, he applied to be accepted as a conscientious objector. He then planned to become a mechanical engineer and serve in foreign aid (Entwicklungshilfe). In 1969, Herwartz completed the Abitur at the in Neuss. He became a novice of the Society of Jesus the same year. As a novice, he followed four weeks of the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola and the prescribed "experiments" in a hospital, a psychiatry and among homeless people. He then studied philosophy for two years at the order's Munich School of Philosophy, followed by studies of theology at the Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology in Frankfurt that he completed in 1975. He focused on liberation theology. Worker-priest Beginning in 1975, Herwartz lived in the Jesuit community in Toulouse to learn about the worker-priest movement. French worker-priests had followed French forced labourers in Germany. He then worked as a driver for a moving company and as a worker in aluminum processing. He was ordained as a priest in Frankfurt in 1976, but kept it a secret from his employer, because priests tended to be regarded as socialist. When he joined a trade union in 1977, he was fired. He then trained in Strasbourg to be a machinist and worked in Paris for a temporary work agency. He lived in Berlin from 1978 in a community he had co-founded, working as a machinist for Siemens. Herwartz was unemployed from 2000. He began to reflect his religious existence publicly in books and on the internet. Community In 1978, Herwartz founded a community in Berlin, together with the Jesuits Michael Walzer, who died in 1986, and Peter Mustó. It was located in workers' quarters, first in Wedding, then in Kreuzberg, and from 1984 on at Naunynstraße 60 where the community welcomes people in need. They were joined in 1980 by the Swiss Jesuit Franz Keller, who died in 2014. The project was supported by the order. The community has been open for guests and housemates. Herwartz and Keller had no individual rooms, but lived in communal rooms with several beds. Hundreds of people from more than 70 nationalities and many religious backgrounds lived there, on average 16 at a time. Some had been released from prison or homeless. Each Saturday morning, a breakfast was open for everybody from the streets. The community held peace prayers at several locations in Berlin, including a monthly interfaith peace prayer at the Gendarmenmarkt from 2002 to 2020. The community continued on after Herwatz left. Social engagement Herwartz was an activist for prisoners, and joined political discussions with them. He was imprisoned twice, once in 1987 because of his boycott of the , and in 1997 for insulting a policeman during a demonstration at the Siemens gate. He was a member of the group Ordensleute gegen Ausgrenzung, fighting exclusion. They met regularly from 1995 for prayer vigils in front of the prison for the deportation prison in Berlin-Köpenick until it was closed. Exerzitien auf der Straße Herwartz is regarded as the founder of the movement, adapting the order's spiritual exercises to life in the streets. He began in 1998, together with Alex Lefrank, also a Jesuit and mentor of spiritual exercises, leading exercises in the streets for a group of three Jesuits. They first offered a public program in 2000: they "tried to seek meditation, reflection, perhaps even the experience of closeness to God in the noise, dirt and misery of the big city" ("zu versuchen: eine Meditation, eine Reflexion, vielleicht sogar das Erlebnis einer Gottesnähe im Lärm, im Dreck und im Elend der Großstadt zu suchen"). In retirement, Herwartz intensified the programs with greater conceptual depth and more publicity. The movement found followers in Germany and worldwide. Later life In 2016, Herwartz left the community for health reasons. He moved to the Canisius-Kolleg, and maintained his activities for the street exercises. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, he moved to his order's retirement home in Berlin-Kladow in March 2020 to protect himself better from exposure to the coronavirus. Herwartz died at the in Berlin-Kladow after surgery on 20 February 2022, at the age of 78. Awards Herwatz was honored with the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. He was awarded the Ecumenical Prize in 2013. Publications "Fremdarbeiter" in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. In: Christian Herwartz et al. (eds.): Damit alle leben können. Mainz 1973, pp. 43–79. Exerzitien in städtischen Brennpunkten. In: Geist und Leben 74 (2001), pp. 269–302. (ed.) Gastfreundschaft – Der ständige Wechsel vom Gast zum Gastgeber und wieder zum Gast. Berlin 2004 (online). Auf nackten Sohlen. (= Ignatianische Impulse 18). 2nd edition, Echter, Würzburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-429-02839-8. (ed. with Renate Trobitzsch) Geschwister erleben. Berlin 2010 Brennende Gegenwart. Exerzitien auf der Straße. (= Ignatianische Impulse 51) Echter, Würzburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-429-03428-3. (ed. with and Unheilige Macht. Der Jesuitenorden und die Missbrauchskrise. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2nd edition, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-17-023289-1. (with Sabine Wollowski) Brücke sein. Vom Arbeiterpriester zum Bruder. Edition Steinrich, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-942085-31-1. Dem Auferstandenen heute begegnen. Eine Standortbestimmung von Exerzitien auf der Straße. In: Geist und Leben 87 (2014), pp. 252–260. (ed. with Maria Jans-Wenstrup, Katharina Prinz, Elisabeth Tollkötter, Josef Freise) Im Alltag der Straße Gottes Spuren suchen. Persönliche Begegnungen in Straßenexerzitien. , Neukirchen-Vluyn 2016, 2nd edition 2019, ISBN 978-3-7615-6270-3. (ed. with Nadine Sylla) Einfach ohne. Berlin 2016 References External links Exerzitien auf der Straße / Respektvolles Hören und Sehen Meine Berufung. Ein 68er erklärt, warum (in German) jesuiten.org 15 February 2019 (interview, in German) 11 April 2017 (in German) Diocese of Berlin 21 January 2013 Keller, Claudia: Klöster in Berlin: Die Mönchs-WG. Jenseits von Eden. (in German) Der Tagesspiegel 24 June 2014 Hommerich, Luisa: Zur Hölle. Porträt Christian Herwartz (in German) Der Freitag 2015 1943 births 2022 deaths People from Stralsund 20th-century German Jesuits 21st-century German Jesuits Workers' rights activists People in Christian ecumenism 20th-century German non-fiction writers 21st-century German non-fiction writers Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany‎

70132363

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freak%20Like%20Me%20%28TV%20series%29

Freak Like Me (TV series)

Freak Like Me is a British reality television series which ran for six episodes on BBC Three in 2010. In the series, comedian Russell Kane introduces members of the public who have eccentric habits, and speaks about his own odd habits. Content Some of the odd habits of members of the public included always being naked while defecating, or collecting dead bees. Others blow-dried their entire bodies, ate meals in the bath, bite their toenails or eat from public bins. There was also a British teenager who wished to be a New York police officer, a man who wore new boxer shorts every day, and a woman who burst the acne of her boyfriend's back. Reception In a scathing review, Tim Walker of The Independent found the guests' eccentricities to be exaggerated and Kane's habits – such as paying in exact money or washing up before dinner – to not be odd. He considered it to be unworthy of a 9 pm primetime slot, and the type of programme that makes people cancel their BBC licence fee. A review in Metro was more positive, finding the show entertaining but deeming Kane's presenting as annoying and childlike. Notable guests Christian Richardson, who wished to be an American police officer, changed his name to America Luke Richardson and later joined Greater Manchester Police as a special constable. He was dismissed in 2014 for stealing uniform and making unauthorised visits to schools. In 2016, he was jailed for five years for a series of child sexual offences. The Manchester Evening News shared a video of his Freak Like Me appearance after his conviction. References 2010 British television series debuts 2010 British television series endings BBC reality television shows

70133389

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20of%20Marise%20Chiverella

Murder of Marise Chiverella

On March 18, 1964, Marise Ann Chiverella, a 9-year old American girl, was raped and murdered while on her way to school by 22-year old James Paul Forte in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. The murder went unsolved for nearly 58 years, until it was announced by authorities in 2022 that the perpetrator had been identified as James Paul Forte using DNA genealogy. It is the oldest case in Pennsylvania to be solved using DNA genealogy. Murder On the morning of March 18, 1964, 9-year old Marise Ann Chiverella left home for school, carrying canned goods to give to her teacher, at St. Joseph's Parochial School in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. At some point while Chiverella was walking to school, she was kidnapped by James Paul Forte. Chiverella was raped and murdered by strangulation. In the afternoon of the same day, a man was giving his 16-year old nephew driving lessons when they encountered what they initially thought was a "large doll" in a coal-mining pit, but soon realized it was Chiverella's body and called police. Investigation Despite months of nonstop work, authorities were not able to retrieve any initial leads following the murder. Decades later, in 2018, the authorities teamed up with Parabon NanoLabs, a DNA technology and genetic genealogy company. The following year, the company shared the DNA profile with genealogical databases. The authorities began to work with a genealogist and college student, 20-year old Eric Schubert in 2020. DNA from semen on Chiverella's clothing was traced to a sixth cousin of the eventually identified perpetrator of the murder. 2022 update and identification of perpetrator On on February 12, 2022, authorities announced that the perpetrator had been identified as 22-year old James Paul Forte. With assistance from Schubert and Parabon NanoLabs, DNA tests and genealogical research were able to identify Forte. He lived six or seven blocks from Chiverella, but did not have any known relation to her or her family. An exhumation of Forte's body was approved once he was identified as the prime suspect of the murder. Perpetrator James Paul Forte was a bartender and bar supplies salesman from the Hazleton area. He was born in Hazleton and lived in the town his entire life. He was never married and never had any known children. Forte was arrested in 1974 in an unrelated case on charges of involuntary deviant sexual intercourse and sexual assault. Forte was given a plea deal for the less serious conviction of aggravated assault and was sentenced to one year probation. He was arrested again in 1978 on charges of reckless endangerment and harassment. He died in 1980 from a reported heart attack at the bar where he worked at the age of 38. References 1964 murders in the United States People murdered in Pennsylvania 1950s births 1964 deaths 1964 in Pennsylvania Deaths by strangulation in the United States Deaths by person in the United States Hazleton, Pennsylvania Incidents of violence against girls Female murder victims Murdered American children Murder in Pennsylvania Rape in the 1960s Rapes in the United States

70133496

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20Bank%20Building%20%28Sioux%20Falls%2C%20South%20Dakota%29

Security Bank Building (Sioux Falls, South Dakota)

The Security Bank Building, also known as the Security Building, is a historic commercial building at 101 South Main Avenue in downtown Sioux Falls, South Dakota. It was the first steel-framed office building to be built in the state. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for its architectural design and integrity, as well as for being the site of a bank robbery by the Dillinger Gang in 1934. History After the beginning of the 20th century, Sioux Falls began to experience a major economic boom. New shops, hotels, offices, and other businesses—many of which were high-rises—were being established at a rapid pace, especially in the downtown area. Contributing to this boom was the success of the Security National Bank in Sioux Falls, which had been founded on July 8, 1890, as the State Banking & Trust Company. It changed its name on June 11, 1912, to the State Bank & Trust Company. It was incorporated as a national bank on July 28, 1914, and the name again changed to Security National Bank of Sioux Falls. By the mid-1910s, the bank had outgrown its original headquarters building and began looking to expand. Security National Bank reached out to Chicago-based architectural firm E. Jackson Casse Company, who designed a six-story steel-frame building that would sit on the corner of Main Avenue and Ninth Street. The proposed location was on the site of an old theater building. Security National and two other banks also occupied this intersection, making Main and Ninth the contemporary financial hub of the city. This new building would not only host the bank but also offices for numerous other businesses. The Security Bank Building was constructed between 1915 and 1916. Construction was delayed due to a steel shortage caused by World War I. Its grand opening was held on January 2, 1917. When completed, it became the first steel-framed office building in South Dakota. In April 1929, the Security National Bank institution was one of several Midwestern banks that merged into the new Northwest Bancorporation of Minneapolis, an organization of 14 banks, 5 of which were in South Dakota. At the time of the merge, the bank's assets totalled just under $6,000,000; as the Northwest Bancorporation, all banks had combined assets totalling $168,000,000. On August 31, 1935, the bank was renamed Northwest Security National Bank.. At this time, the bank also absorbed five smaller banks across South Dakota, which became branch locations: the Brookings County Bank in Brookings, First National Bank & Trust in Chamberlain, First National Bank in Dell Rapids, National Bank of Huron, and Northwestern National Bank of Madison. Northwest Security National Bank of Sioux Falls later absorbed Northwestern Bank of Gregory in 1936, and the First National Bank of Pukwana and the Corn Exchange Savings Bank in 1937. 1934 Dillinger Gang robbery Around 9:50 A.M. on the morning of March 6, 1934, six members of the Dillinger Gang, armed with Thompson submachine guns, stormed the bank building and robbed it of $46,000. As the green Packard car approached the bank, several employees had remarked that it looked like a holdup car, and one of them pressed the alarm button. Four of the robbers entered the bank, while two remained outside, firing into the air to warn onlookers. Hale Keith, a policeman who had approached to investigate, was spotted through the windows by George "Baby Face" Nelson, who fired on Keith and then shouted, "I got one!". Keith was seriously wounded but survived. Other police officers who arrived were not adequately prepared to face off against the gang and were quickly captured, rounded up, and made to stand facing the wall. A crowd of 30 hostages was forced to surround the gang in a human shield and walk them out to their getaway car. Five bank employees—Leo Olson, Mildred Bostwick, Emma Knabach, Alice Blegen, and Mary Lucas—were kept as hostages and made to stand on the running board of the car to shield the robbers from police gunfire. The car stopped briefly in front of 211 South Main Avenue, where the gang argued whether or not they should take another car, but they decided against it; they eventually stole two other cars, as their own was by that point too heavily damaged to continue. The gang stopped again on Minnesota Avenue, where Olson was let go and the remaining four hostages were brought into the car. Once the convoy was far outside of town, the remaining hostages were released near Shindler. Despite high tensions and Keith's wounds, no deaths resulted from the robbery. The bank robbers were trailed over several miles by police and airplanes, with several shootouts, but eventually got away. The building itself suffered damage to its windows, door, and exterior from the machine gunfire. None of the stolen money was ever recovered. The gang's crime spree would come to a halt when John Dillinger was gunned down by the FBI in July 1934; whether or not Dillinger himself was actually at the Sioux Falls robbery remains a point of debate. This robbery was portrayed in the 2009 movie Public Enemies. Architecture The Security Bank Building is located on the southwest corner of Main Avenue and Ninth Street. It is six stories tall, standing high, and sits on a concrete foundation. Its frame is crafted from structural steel, and the exterior is clad in Bedford limestone. The E. Jackson Casse Company designed it in the Classical Revival architectural style, which is especially evident with the four large Ionic columns in front of the main entrance and the decorative elements on the building's cornice and shed roof. Additions were added to the south side of the building in 1951 and 1957. References National Register of Historic Places in Minnehaha County, South Dakota 1917 establishments in South Dakota Bank buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in South Dakota Neoclassical architecture in South Dakota John Dillinger Commercial buildings completed in 1916 Buildings and structures in Sioux Falls, South Dakota

70135313

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvine%20I.%20Turner

Irvine I. Turner

Irvine I. Turner (1914–1974) politician who was the first Black official in Newark, New Jersey elected to the Municipal Council when he took office in 1954. He was also publisher and co-editor of a Black weekly newspaper The New Jersey Record. He was known for his "flamboyant personality and fiery rhetoric". Mayor Kenneth A. Gibson called him "a man who paved the way for black people to be elected to public office." Irvine Turner Boulevard, a large street in Newark, is named after him. Early life Irvine Turner was born in Newark in 1914 and educated in the city, including at Barringer High School. He attended the New York School of Journalism and joined the staff of the New Jersey Guardian. When the Guardian suspended publication he co-founded The New Jersey Record with Fred R. Clark. In 1941 was appointed a member of the Newark Fair Employment Practices Committee under Mayor Vincent J. Murphy, becoming its youngest member. In the same year he served on a committee to study one way streets under Public Safety Director John B Keenan. Turner ran unsuccessfully for City Commissioner in 1949 and 1953. 1954 election In 1954 Newark adopted a new government system involving a Municipal Council and five wards. Turner ran against Roger Yancy a lawyer advanced by the professional African American community and Italian Johnny Savado. Turner, as a newspaperman, was popular in the community. He also had financial support from Jewish gangster Abner Zwillman and Mayor Ralph A. Villani He had support from the unions. Civil Rights Congress and Negro Labor Vanguard. The New Jersey Afro American, however, endorsed Yancey. Turner won the election beating Savado by 2-1, with Yancy in third. Historian Robert Curvin wrote, "With his victory, a common man with intriguing connections and one-time neighborhood hustler was transformed into one of the most important politicians in New Jersey." Amiri Baraka wrote, 'Mr. Turner's breakthrough into American politics was made possible by getting into political shape the Black Central Ward and establishing a leadership category for Black People going for the Democratic party". Council career Cummings was elected again through the 1966 election. During his career, Turner aligned with Mayors Meyer C. Ellenstein and Ralph A. Villani. He helped appoint African Americans for Newark city positions, using these jobs in exchange for the support of voters which he could then provide to other politicians including Hugh Joseph Addonizio. He pushed for more opportunities for African Americans in employment, housing, the police force and government. He had a wide-ranging career and was involved with many issues in the Central Ward and citywide. He criticized the white establishment including slumlords and officials. During his career he was featured in national magazines like Jet and Ebony. However, by the 1960s, many in Newark were looking for change. George C. Richardson, under the banner of the United Freedom Democratic Party. ran against Turner in 1966, along with Kenneth A. Gibson's first bid for Mayor. Richardson received only 10,000 votes. In 1967, Amiri Baraka wrote, "Where once [Turner] offered some actual inspiration to Black People in Newark, now he represents the impotence and incompetence of one traditional area of Negro leadership." As new organizers began to present a challenge to established politicians Turner began criticizing the civil rights activists in Newark. He said, "Violence, rash words, or insulting remarks are not going to get my race any further ahead than they have come.” In December 1969, Turner was indicted along with Mayor Hugh Joseph Addonizio. In 1970, with growing opposition to the mayor, Dennis Westbrooks ran against Turner, on the ticket of Kenneth A. Gibson. He beat Turner in a runoff. Later life and legacy Irvine Turner had been hospitalized on numerous occasions since the 1950s and sustained numerous strokes. He died on September 9, 1974, leaving a wife and three children. Irvine I. Turner Boulevard was named after Turner. References 1914 births 1974 deaths Barringer High School alumni Members of the Municipal Council of Newark African-American city council members in New Jersey 20th-century African-American politicians

70136070

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20on%20the%20Riviera

Death on the Riviera

Death on the Riviera is a 1952 detective novel by the British writer John Bude. It was part of a series featuring Superintendent Meredith of Scotland Yard. While Bude set many of his earlier novels in regional England, after the Second World War they made increasing use of more exotic, Continental settings. In 2016 it was reissued by the British Library Publishing as part of a group of republished crime novels from the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. Synopsis On the trail of a gang of counterfeiters headed by London criminal Chalky Cabot, Meredith heads down to the French Riviera after a tip-off from the local police. Joining forces with a local Inspector, they investigate along the coastline until their attention is drawn to the Villa Paloma owned by an eccentrical Englishwoman. Matters are complicated further when a dead body is discovered. References Bibliography Hubin, Allen J. Crime Fiction, 1749-1980: A Comprehensive Bibliography. Garland Publishing, 1984. Reilly, John M. Twentieth Century Crime & Mystery Writers. Springer, 2015. 1952 British novels British mystery novels Novels by John Bude Novels set in France British detective novels

70136460

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crooks%20Can%27t%20Win

Crooks Can't Win

Crooks Can't Win is a 1928 American silent crime drama film directed by George M. Arthur and starring Ralph Lewis, Thelma Hill and Joe E. Brown. Synopsis A police officer is kicked off the force when his superior wrongly believes that he is complicit in a robbery committed by a gang his brother is involved with. With the assistance of a crime reporter, he sets out to round up the gang of thieves and clear his name. Cast Ralph Lewis as Dad Gillen Thelma Hill as Mary Gillen Sam Nelson as Danny Malone Joe E. Brown as Jimmy Wells Eugene Strong as Alfred Dayton Jr Charlie Hall as 'Bull' Savage References Bibliography Connelly, Robert B. The Silents: Silent Feature Films, 1910-36, Volume 40, Issue 2. December Press, 1998. Gehring, Wes D. Joe E. Brown: Film Comedian and Baseball Buffoon. McFarland, 2014. Munden, Kenneth White. The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1. University of California Press, 1997. External links 1928 films 1928 crime films English-language films American films American silent feature films American crime films American black-and-white films Film Booking Offices of America films

70140820

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher%20School%20for%20the%20Conservation%20and%20Restoration%20of%20Cultural%20Property%20in%20Galicia

Higher School for the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property in Galicia

The School of Conservation and Restoration of the Cultural Property of Galicia (ESCRBBCCG) is a Spanish higher education institution of the Ministry of Culture and Education of the Xunta de Galicia. It is located in Pontevedra, in the former Saint Ferdinand barracks, in the same building as the Faculty of Fine Arts. It is the only Higher School of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage in Galicia and the northwest of Spain. Location The building is located at 1, General Martitegui Street in Pontevedra. History The Royal House of the Maestranza was built by Iñigo Melchor Fernández de Velasco, Constable of Castile and León and Captain General of Galicia between 1665 and 1668. It was built with stone from the demolition of houses in the A Moureira neighbourhood, which had been left abandoned at the end of the previous century. It was a one-storey building with four wings and a large central courtyard, whose initial function was to house soldiers in transit during the war with Portugal (1640–1668). The English invasion of 1719 led by General Homobod ruined the building, which at that time was used as a storehouse for old weapons, grenades, bombs, gunpowder and some melted down artillery. After the invasion and capitulation of Pontevedra on 25 Octobrer 1719 small consolidation works were carried out, such as repairing the roofs. The building was so badly damaged that the soldiers had to be accommodated in different barracks in the city. The municipality of Pontevedra asked the Bourbon monarchy to rebuild the Real Maestranza. The procedures for the reconstruction of the barracks began with the order of the Intendant Francisco Salvador de Pineda, to accommodate a cavalry squadron of the Montesa Regiment in the city. The Minister of War, the Duke of Montemar, ordered the military engineer Antonio Flobert to draw up the plans for the new building (preserved in the General Archive of Simancas in the province of Valladolid). The Real Maestranza began to be rebuilt in the year 1738. The construction designed by Antonio Flobert took advantage of the walls of the previous barracks and the heraldry. The barracks was named Saint Ferdinand and was later renovated and enlarged. It was used as a gun factory during the Spanish War of Independence. From the end of the 18th century, the Princess Infantry Regiment was based in this barracks. In 1807 it was led by the Count of San Román. At the end of the 19th century, the barracks were in a state of ruin and it was decided to demolish them to construct a new building. The current building, which dates from the end of the 19th century, was completed in 1900 and was designed by the architect Méndez Conde. The building was restructured in 1905 to accommodate a larger garrison. In front of its façade, the Count de la Peña del Moro Field was redesigned, adding trees and gardens and a street at the entrance to the barracks. The transverse street of the Maestranza was also redesigned in 1911, under the name of General Martitegui Street, after the demolition of some houses. In the 20th century, among its military functions, the barracks housed Company No. 83 of the Military police and the Parks and Garages Unit. The definitive abandonment of the barracks by the military took place on 15 December 1992 in a military protocol ceremony held in the inner courtyard of the building, in the presence of all the local authorities. The property was handed over to the municipality of Pontevedra, which transferred it to the Xunta de Galicia. The renovation project was entrusted to the architect César Portela. The remodelling was complex as it transformed a closed barracks into an open and luminous space for artistic education. Between December 1994 and January 1995, the renovation of the building intended to house the Galician Higher School of Cultural Heritage was completed. In 1995, the school, created in 1991, moved in.. Architecture It is a large rectangular building in the eclectic style. It has a ground floor and two upper floors, with rectangular windows, balcony Parapets and Lintels forming auricles, typical of the 19th century in Pontevedra. The central part of the façade, where the entrance door is located, the base, the balcony parapets and the window and door lintels are made of granite. The façade is crowned at the top by the Spanish coat of arms, also in granite. During the exterior renovation of the facade in 1994, the plaster of the walls where the masonry was visible was recovered and the colour guava was applied to it. Inside the building, the large central courtyard is remarkable. After the 1995 and 2006 remodelling, it was given a perimeter body for circulation in the form of a glass gallery, and a cubic room, also made of glass, was introduced into the interior, containing the large, flexible studios for sculpture, drawing and painting. A new floor was also created under the roof of the existing building to house the library, a documentation and information centre and other workshops, all with overhead lighting. The school The school has been offering conservation and restoration studies since 12 January 1992. It awards the Higher Diploma in Conservation and Restoration of Heritage and Cultural Property. It is the second oldest training centre for the conservation and restoration of heritage in Spain. The creation of the Higher School of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property of Galicia in Pontevedra dates back to 1991 with Decree 352/1991 of 17 October (DOG (Official Galician Journal) of 24 October). The training The studies last four years, the first two years being common and the last two years being specialised. The three specialities taught in this institution are conservation-restoration of sculptural assets, conservation-restoration of pictorial assets and conservation-restoration of archaeological assets. The first two years of study focus on conservation and restoration techniques, with a study of biology, physics and chemistry related to restoration and art history. In the final two years, there is a specialisation according to the option chosen, in which the technique and theory of each section are studied in depth. Admission of cultural heritage conservators The school is public and requires a high school degree and a specific admission exam. The exam consists of two parts: a textual analysis (related to the school's subjects) and a plastic arts exam (for example, that a colour is degraded in three phases using white). Documentary resources The institution's library has more than 9,000 volumes, of which almost 6,000 were donated in July 2020 by the heirs of the doctor Manuel Carballal Lugrís, who lived in Pontevedra. References See also Bibliography Fontoira Surís, Rafael. Pontevedra Monumental. Diputación de Pontevedra, 2009. . . Related articles Faculty of Fine Arts of Pontevedra Xunta de Galicia External links Official ESCRBBCCG website Eclectic architecture Arts in Spain Art schools in Spain Organizations established in 1991 Pontevedra Cultural heritage conservation Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage Pontevedra Campus Universities and colleges in Spain

70141362

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving%20Day%20Disaster

Thanksgiving Day Disaster

The Thanksgiving Day Disaster took place on November 29, 1900, at the annual football game between the California Golden Bears and the Stanford Cardinals, also known as The Big Game. A large crowd of people who did not want to pay the $1.00 admission fee gathered upon the roof of a glass blowing factory to watch for free. The roof collapsed, spilling many spectators onto a furnace. Twenty-three people were killed, and over a hundred more were injured. The disaster remains the deadliest accident at a sporting event in U.S. history. Background Every year since 1892, the University of California and the Stanford University football teams play an annual game towards the end of November or the beginning of December. The event is known as The Big Game. From 1892 to 1900, the game took place at Recreation Park stadium in San Francisco on Thanksgiving day. The stadium was located in a heavily industrial part of San Francisco. After the 1900 game, the event's location would alternate between the two schools' campuses. At the 1897 Big Game, portions of a packed grandstand collapsed under the weight of spectators. Nobody was killed, but a 10-year-old boy was hospitalized. The disaster On the day of the 1900 game, the San Francisco and Pacific Glass works factory had just opened across the street from the stadium. Because the factory was brand new, only one furnace was active that day. The remaining furnaces were not scheduled to start until the following Monday. The furnace was 30-by-60 feet and was filled with fifteen tons of molten glass with a temperature of 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit. It was enclosed by a series of binding rods that resembled croquet hoops. The kickoff took place at 2:30 p.m. with a crowd of 19,000 spectators watching in the stadium, with thousands more watching in the street. A group of 500 to 1000 people who did not want to pay $1.00 for a ticket gathered on the factory's roof to watch for free. Factory employees tried to phone the police to turn back the crowd but were instead told to speak to the game's lieutenant. However, the officers stationed at the stadium denied them entry. In 1900, rooftops were only required to hold 40 pounds of excess mass per square inch. However, the size of the crowd that day exceeded that number. Approximately twenty minutes after kickoff, the roof of the factory collapsed. Of the hundreds of people on the roof, at least a hundred people fell four stories to the factory floor. Sixty to a hundred more people fell directly on top of the furnace, the surface temperature of which was estimated to be around 500 degrees Fahrenheit. Had the bodies broken through the furnace, they would have instantly been vaporized by the molten glass. Many of the spectators were pinned by the binding rods to the surface of the furnace, making escape more difficult. Fuel pipes were also severed, spraying many victims with scalding hot oil. The fuel also ignited, setting many bodies on fire. Factory employees worked to remove many bodies from the furnace, using metal poles to poke bodies out of reach. Despite the incident, the game continued with Stanford winning. Aftermath Thirteen people were killed on the day of the disaster, with nine more dying in the hospitals in the days that followed. A 28-year-old man succumbed to his injuries three years after the disaster, bringing the final death toll to twenty-three. All of the victims were male, and most were children. After the event, many American newspapers featured the incident on the front page. Most of the content in the sports sections was about the game itself. The San Francisco Chronicle referred to the event as the"closest and most exciting game of football ever played by the elevens of the two California universities." Writers for the student newspapers at both universities paid little attention to the disaster but wrote about the game itself. The San Francisco Call referred to the incident as "the most horrifying accident that ever happened in San Francisco." No physical memorial of the disaster exists, save for a cross at one 12-year-old boy's grave. The site of the disaster is now occupied by a UCSF building. References November 1900 events 1900 disasters in the United States Disasters in sports

70141382

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oryol%20Law%20Institute

Oryol Law Institute

Oryol Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation named after V. V. Lukyanov or Lukyanov Oryol Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia (Oryol Law Institute; , Orlovskiy yuridicheskiy institut Ministerstva vnutrennikh del Rossiyskoy Federatsii imeni V. V. Luk'yanova; OrYUI MVD Rossii imeni V. V. Luk'yanova) is a state institute for training, retraining and advanced training for law enforcement agencies of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, located in the city of Oryol, the administrative centre of Oryol Oblast. History On 20 April 1976, the Minister of Interior of the USSR Nikolai Shchelokov ordered the creation of the Oryol Special Secondary School of the Ministry of the Interior of the USSR (; OSSShM of MIA USSR). This school was created on the basis of the interregional school for the training of junior and middle commanding militsiya officers. The basis of the teaching staff of the school was made up of employees with a big practical experience in law enforcement. The first graduation of OSSShM cadets took place in August 1978. In 1991, on the basis of OSSShM, the Oryol Higher School of the Ministry of the Interior of the RSFSR (; Orlovskaya vysshaya shkola MVD RSFSR) was created. On 17 May 1997, the Government of Russia transformed the school into the Oryol Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia. From 1 September 2008, the institute began to train specialists for traffic police units (GIBDD). On 30 May 2013, the Minister of Interior of Russia Vladimir Kolokoltsev awarded the Oryol Law Institute the honorary name of Honoured Lawyer of Russia, Doctor of Law, Lieutenant General of militia Valery Vitalyevich Lukyanov. Educational and operational activities The institute includes 4 faculties (Faculty of training of traffic police specialists; Faculty of training investigators; Faculty of distance learning; Faculty of vocational training, retraining and advanced training), 14 divisions (chairs), 5 sections, and 8 auxiliary units. The term of study is 5 years. Gallery References Sources External links Official site Oryol Educational institutions established in 1976 1976 establishments in the Soviet Union Police academies in Russia

70141802

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkolas%20Smith

Nikkolas Smith

Nikkolas Smith is an American contemporary artist and activist who predominantly depicts African-American marginalized voices, as well as social justice in his works. His digital paintings are widely shared on social media and have been featured in Times Square, The Washington Post and The New York Times. Early life and education Nikkolas Smith was raised in Spring, Texas as the youngest of six children. He earned a master's degree in architecture from Hampton University in Virginia, where he drew political cartoons for the school's paper. After graduating, Smith moved to Los Angeles, where he worked as a Disney Imagineer until 2019. Art career Smith describes himself as an "artivist", combining activism within his artistic works. Smith's portfolio of artwork ranges in stylization from pop to impressionist, digitally painted on his iPad in Photoshop. His work is influenced by Nina Simone and Norman Rockwell. Smith began his Sunday Sketch series in 2013. He shares weekly Sunday sketches on his Twitter and Instagram channels; select images from this series were compiled into a book. Smith is an author and illustrator of children's picture books. He illustrated the picture book The 1619 Project: Born on the Water (2021), which was inspired by Nikole Hannah-Jones' The 1619 Project. Fast Company described Smith's illustrations as using African symbols, various color palettes, and carefully drawn facial expressions to show the humanity of the enslaved people. Born on the Water ranked number one on The New York Times Best Seller List Children's Picture Book category and was included on Time for Kids, Best Children's and YA book list published in 2021. Smith's paintings from the 2016 Summer Olympics in Brazil went viral on social media. Skyhorse Publishing offered him a book deal, which resulted in the 2016 book The Golden Girls of Rio. The Golden Girls of Rio was nominated for the 2017 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Children. His art often depicts victims of police brutality, civil rights figures, athletes, and cultural icons. Smith began incorporating activism into his art following the killing of Trayvon Martin. In July 2013, his portrait of Martin Luther King Jr. wearing a hoodie went viral. Black Lives Matter commissioned Smith to paint George Floyd in 2020. The finished work was featured as a centerpiece in Times Square's billboards, and the Beverly Center shopping mall in Los Angeles. He has also painted portraits of Tamir Rice, Tony McDade, Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arbery, Philando Castile, Bree Newsome, and Lupita Nyong'o. Smith created an 11 by 10-foot digital painting of Chadwick Boseman after Boseman died from colon cancer in August 2020. The painting, titled King Chad, features Boseman, who played T'Challah in the movie Black Panther, giving the "Wakanda Forever" salute to a child wearing a Black Panther mask. The painting was temporarily on display in Downtown Disney in California.​​ Smith donated his King Chad painting to the Children's Hospital Los Angeles, where it is on permanent display. Other examples of Smith's work include posters for movies such as Dear White People, If Beale Street Could Talk, Southside with You, and Black Panther. Art Basel invited Smith to create the logo for its "what Matters" campaign in 2019. Notable figures have shared Smith's work on social media, including Michelle Obama, Rihanna, Nipsey Hussle, and Janet Jackson. His digital painting of Atatiana Jefferson was shared on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives. In 2021, Smith created the "First Practicing Vegan" for PETA featuring Cory Booker and other prominent vegans in a reproduction of Rockwell's painting, Freedom from Want. The poster appeared at various bus stops in New Jersey during the 2021 holiday season. Personal life Smith is married to a documentary filmmaker. The couple have a son, Zion, who was born in 2020. References External links 1985 births Living people African-American illustrators American children's book illustrators

70142024

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Wooten

Charles Wooten

Charles Edward Wooten (born 1950) is an American serial killer. Initially convicted and sentenced to life for two separate murders committed around Fort Worth, Texas in 1969, he was paroled in May 1992 thanks to campaigning from his father, Arlis, whom Wooten would kill during an argument in July 1993. Wooten was later convicted of this murder and given another life term. Murders First murders In April 1969, Wooten, then imprisoned on a 5-year prison sentence for armed robbery, was paroled after serving only 18 months. On September 1, he and an unnamed 16-year-old accomplice went to a gas station on the North Side of Fort Worth, where they abducted and later shot the 58-year-old attendant, Loyd Dewey Choat. A few days later, the man's body was found in a creekbed near Watauga. According to one sheriff's suspicions, the killer might have brought two teenage girls to view Choat's body, but the reason for this belief was never established. Later that month, police brought murder charges 18-year-old Stephen James Duffy and 21-year-old Henry W. Baldwin, as it was initially believed that they were the ones responsible for the killing. On November 6, the day of Wooten's bachelor party, he, along with his 18-year-old brother-in-law Michael Wayne Bush and 17-year-old Gerald Ross Weatherly, decided that they would rob a local gas station attendant working the night shift, a 26-year-old man by the name of David Daniels. The day after, the trio entered the gas station and robbed it, with Wooten stabbing Daniels 36 times before fleeing. Both Choat and Daniels' murders were initially thought to be unconnected, until shortly after Wooten's arrest on December 20, when he was caught after attempting to rob a grocery store where his father, Arlis "Edward" Wooten, worked as an assistant manager. By the end of the month, the underage accomplice implicated him in the Choat murder, which was quickly followed up by Bush and Weatherly, who in turn implicated him in the Daniels' killing. As a result, Wooten was held without bond on two counts of capital murder, with the charges levelled against Duffy and Baldwin being subsequently dropped. While awaiting trial, Wooten claimed that he had shot a young blond woman three times as she was exiting a bathroom, but claimed that he was unable to remember neither the date or location of where this supposed crime had occurred. The sheriff presiding over his detention, Lon Evans, nonetheless contacted sheriffs and police departments all around the area, none of which reported having a crime with such characteristics. As a result, this supposed "confession" of Wooten's was considered a hoax and ignored. On May 26, 1970, in the middle of his trial, Wooten pleaded guilty to both murders in a bid to avoid the death penalty, which had been sought by the district attorney. As a result, he was convicted and sentenced to two consecutive life terms, which were stacked with another life sentence amassed from his guilty plea to the grocery store robbery in December 1969. Patricide After Wooten's incarceration, his father conducted a series of highly publicized interviews with the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, in which he claimed that his son had told him that he had been "haunted [...] by dreams of murder and mayhem." Over the subsequent 23 years, the elder Wooten would repeatedly write letters to the parole board, begging them to consider him for parole. During his imprisonment, Wooten earned a master's degree in humanities and became a skilled leather worker, whose crafts were sold by the proprietor of a grocery store. He also steadfastly denied any guilt in the murders, claiming that he had been framed. In May 1992, Wooten was finally paroled and moved into his father's apartment in Azle. Shortly after his release, Wooten's father found him a job as a carpet cleaner and leather craftsman, and for some time, he appeared to be slowly rehabilitating. However, on July 29, 1993, Charles and Arlis got into an argument, resulting in the former shooting the latter in the head, before dismembering the body and driving to a field outside of town, where he set the remains on fire. The elder Wooten's disappearance was reported to police by one of his other sons a few days later, and after searching through the shrubbery, authorities located a set of four charred, scattered limbs which were tentatively identified as belonging to Arlis Wooten. A report later emerged that a youth who lived in the area had told his mother that he had seen a man putting what appeared to be a body in the back of his trunk, but this was dismissed by her at the time. Arrest, trial and imprisonment Charles was arrested as a suspect in the murder on August 3 and held on $100,000, together with two alleged accomplices, 41-year-old Titus Henry Hill and 24-year-old Michelle Ann Matl. When he was brought to the crime scene as part of a routine inspection, investigators reported that he had no visible emotion during the entirety of the procedure. At his murder trial in June 1995, prosecutors claimed that the reason for the murder was that Wooten wanted to collect his father's life insurance, but a lack of substantiable evidence could not prove this claim. Wooten himself would plead guilty to the crime in exchange for a life term with a possibility of parole after he has served 35 years of his sentence. This outcome came as a disappointment to some family members, who wished that he had been sentenced to death for their father's murder. As of February 2022, Wooten remains incarcerated at the J. Dale Wainwright Unit in Lovelady, with a projected parole date in 2028. See also List of serial killers in the United States References External links Inmate Locator 1950 births Living people 20th-century American criminals American male criminals Male serial killers American serial killers People convicted of murder by Texas American people convicted of murder Patricides American people convicted of robbery American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Texas American prisoners and detainees Prisoners and detainees of Texas Criminals from Texas People from Hurst, Texas

70142456

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing%20of%20Latjor%20Tuel

Killing of Latjor Tuel

Latjor Tuel was a black man fatally shot by Calgary police on February 19, 2022 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Tuel refused to drop a stick, and stabbed a police dog in the neck, during a lengthy confrontation with police. Latjor Tuel Latjor Tuel was born in South Sudan and his family claimed he was a child solider for the Sudan Peoples Liberation Army before moving to Canada as a refugee, approximately 20 years prior to being killed. His family also claimed he suffered post-traumatic stress disorder, and that he provided financial support to family members in South Sudan. Events of February 19, 2022 Calgary police reported that at approximately 3:40 pm on the 19 February 2022, they responded to a call from the public reporting a man assaulting others, while holding weapons, near a bus stop close to the intersection of 45th Street and 17th Avenue S.E. in the Forest Lawn area of Calgary. Callers reported a man carrying a knife and holding a stick, and one caller reported the man had hit someone with the stick. When officers arrived at 3:46 pm, Tuel was holding a knife and a stick. Video of the incident shows officers speaking with Tuel as he sat on the sidewalk, and officers are repeatedly heard telling Tuel to drop or throw away his knife. At 4:02 pm, Tuel got up and an officer discharged less-lethal baton rounds at him. Tuel then ran towards police, and a police dog was allowed to approach him; Tuel stabbed the dog in the neck and hit it with his stick. Police then discharged a taser at Tuel. Police surrounded Tuel, who was still holding his knife and stick, and during a confrontation, Tuel was shot four times, by two different officers. The police dog was taken to an animal hospital in life-threatening condition. Tuel died at the scene. No police officers were injured. Reactions and response While police have described Tuel as holding a weapon, multiple friends have challenged that account stating that he used a retractile cane as a mobility aid. Friends have also criticized police for killing Tuel, specifically pointing out that it is natural for people to defend themselves against charging dogs. Calgary's Police Chief Mark Neufeld defended the actions of his officers, "the call that the police responded to was not—when reported—about mental health. It was a complaint of an assault involving a man in possession of a knife and a stick in a busy public area". On February 23, 2022, Neufeld was questioned by the police commission about the killing and stated the Tuel may have faced systemic barriers, but also that the actions of his officers were not racially motivated. The Alberta Serious Incident Response Team, Alberta's police oversight body, are investigating the incident. Jyoti Gondek, the mayor of Calgary stated the events were devastating and tragic and that questions needed to be answered by the investigation. Calgary Black Chambers called for an inquiry into Tuel's death, and made comparisons with the Calgary Police Service's assault of Godfred Addai-Nyamekye and killing of Anthony Heffernan. On February 26, 2022, a crowd of demonstrators gathered in downtown Calgary calling for justice for Tuel. Fundraiser A GoFundMe campaign was created to raise funds to repatriate Tuel's body to South Sudan and to fund legal action. See also No Visible Trauma (2020 documentary about the assault of Godfred Addai-Nyamekye and killing of Anthony Heffernan) Lost Boys of Sudan References 2022 in Alberta Calgary Deaths by firearm in Canada Deaths by person in Canada Killings by law enforcement officers in Canada Lost Boys of Sudan

70142509

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanno%20Berger

Hanno Berger

Hanno Berger is a German lawyer. He enjoyed a high reputation for brokering tax and financial products. Since the 00-years, he has become a leading initiator of dividend stripping deals, seeking so-called "cum-ex" transactions for the purpose of tax robbery. Life Berger reached a Ph.D. in 1980. He started his carrer at Hess state financial authorithy and was responsibel for monitoring banks. In 1996 he changend into privat business and became partner in the law firm Pünder, Volhard, Weber & Axster (today: Clifford Chance). Cum Ex Berger is considered the leading advisor and initiator of dividend stripping transactions, which, according to a report of Die Zeit, have caused tax losses of over 55 billion euros. Public prosecuters called him the "Spiritus Rector" of cum-ex tax fraud. In Cum-ex transactions, bankers, consultants and stock traders have had taxes refunded that no one had previously paid to the Federal Republic of Germany. The general public prosecutor's office in Frankfurt and the public prosecutor's office in Cologne accused Berger of tax evasion in a particularly serious case in 2021. In Hanno Berger you see a central figure behind numerous Cum-Ex-Aktienkreis deals. In the cases for which Berger is accused alone, the German state suffered damage in the hundreds of millions of euros in evaded taxes. Berger should come to his trial at the Wiesbaden district court in early 2021. But Berger did not appear at the beginning of the trial, citing his state of health. The court therefore issued an arrest warrant and shortly thereafter the district court in Bonn also put Berger out for a search. In July 2021, the Swiss police arrested him. Berger defended himself against his extradition with all legal means. In his view, his practices were not illegal in Switzerland. The Swiss Federal Criminal Court saw things differently and described Berger's actions as fraudulent. On February 22, 2022, the Swiss authorities granted the German judiciary’s application for extradition and transferred Berger to Germany. References 21st-century German businesspeople German financial businesspeople Living people Businesspeople from Frankfurt

70142751

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution%20of%20Jersey

Constitution of Jersey

Jersey has an unwritten constitution arising from the Treaty of Paris (1259). When Henry III and the King of France came to terms over the Duchy of Normandy, the Norman mainland the suzerainty of the King of France. The Channel Islands however remained loyal to the British crown due to the loyalties of its Seigneurs. But they were never absorbed into the Kingdom of England by any Act of Union and exist as "peculiars of the Crown". This peculiar political position has often been to the benefit of islanders. Until the 19th century, the island was generally able to be exempt from the harsher parts of Westminster legislation, while being included in favourable policies, such as protectionist economic policies. England, and later the United Kingdom, passively exploited the strategic benefits of the Channel Islands. For example, they were able to serve as a convenient stop-off point for trade to Gascony. Legislation Legislation relating to the organisation of government includes: Reform Campaigns for constitutional reform during the 19th century successfully called for: the replacement of lay Jurats with professional judges in the Royal Court to decide questions of law; the establishment of a Police Court (later known as the Magistrate's Court); the creation of a Petty Debts Court; a professional, salaried police force for St Helier in addition to the Honorary Police; and the reform of "archaic procedure of the Royal Court for criminal trials". In 1845, the elected office of deputy was created though this did little to redress the disparity of representation between the rural and urban parishes: in 1854 St Helier contained over half of the island's population, yet was able to elect only three out of the 14 deputies. Two significant constitutional reforms took place during the 20th century. In 1946, the States of Jersey drew up plans for change following the German Occupation, which were examined by a Committee of the Privy Council. No change was made to the functions of the Bailiff. The twelve Jurats were removed from the assembly of the States of Jersey and replaced by twelve senators elected on an island-wide basis who would have no judicial functions. The twelve Rectors also lost their place in the States assembly. No reforms were made to the role of the Deputies in the assembly. The second major reforms took place in December 2005, when the States of Jersey Law 2005 came into force. This created a system of ministerial government to replace the previous committee-based administration. Electoral reform is a topic of debate on the island. The 2000 Clothier report recommended the reform of the composition of the States to have a single type of member known as a Member of the States of Jersey (MSJ). In 2009, the States Assembly rejected proposals to keep the 12 Connétables and introduce 37 deputies elected to six "super-constituencies". In 2010, the States assembly agreed to holding elections for all seats on a single date and to cut the number of Senators from 12 to 8. In 2016, a proposition (P.2016/113) was voted on in the States concerning changes to its composition. The 12 Parish Connétables would retain their position as States Members, with 32 Senators elected from six large districts, each electing either six or five Senators. In 2021, the States Assembly voted a large reform of their composition from the 2022 general election. The role of Senators will be abolished and the eight senators replaced with an increase number of deputies. The 37 deputies will be elected from nine super constituencies, rather than in individual parishes as they are now. Although efforts were made the remove the Connétables, they will continue their historic role as States members. In December 2010, a committee chaired by Lord Carswell recommended changes to the role of the Bailiff—in particular that the Bailiff should cease to the presiding officer over the States Assembly. The States Assembly agreed in March 2011 to establish an independent electoral commission to review the make-up of the assembly and government. In April 2011, Deputy Le Claire lodged au Greffe a request for the Chief Minister to produce, for debate, a draft written "Constitution for Jersey"; the States Assembly did not support this idea. Clothier report The Report of the Review Panel on the Machinery of Government in Jersey was released in December 2020 with an aim to provide a deep reform of the island's governance system. The report recommended a reform of the electoral system. They recommended that an independent Chief Electoral Officer be appointed, that elections be reformed to become single-day general elections (for all States Members, including Connétables) and that candidates be required to submit a brief statement on policies and objectives for the next term. The report recommended alterations to the composition of the States. According to the report, the role of Senator should be abolished and replaced with 12 additional States members; the Connétables should no longer be States Members ex officio, being required to run for office separately if they wish to sit in the States; that discrepancies between the number of representatives and the parishes' populations should be evened out; that the name Deputy should be replaced with Member of the States of Jersey and that the total size of the Assembly should be between 42 and 44 members. The report recommended that the existing Committee structure, made of twenty four committees, should be abolished and replaced. They recommended that the number of portfolios was too large, and should be reduced; that for the committees there should be established a number of departments (as few as seven); the political direction of each department should be the purview of a Minister and one or two other members; that a Council of Ministers should be created, invested with sufficient powers; that a Treasury Department should be established to take over the Resources role of the Policy and Resources Committee and that new Scrutiny committees should be established to scuritinise the Council of Ministers. On the role of the Bailiff, the report recommended that he should cease to act as the president of the States assembly and that a Speaker should be elected instead by the States. They also recommended he no longer be the principal link with the Home Office. Instead, he should focus his full time on his role as the Chief Justice of the Island and his position as the Lord Chancellor-equivalent for the island should be respected. Otherwise, the report also recommended that facilities for States members be improved, with the establishment of a Committee of Members, which would provide proper facilities for all Members; that a Jersey (or Channel Islands) Ombudsman be appointed to hear complaints about Government Departments and that there should be regular use of consultative papers. Role of the United Kingdom The Crown Dependencies have each had a historic and complex relationship with the United Kingdom and with its predecessors. Jersey is not, and has never been, part of the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Great Britain or the Kingdom of England, however it has been a dependency of the monarch of each of these states at their time of existence. Therefore, the government in Westminster has played an important role in Jersey's lawmaking and political landscape since Jersey was separated from the Norman mainland. Furthermore, the island's strong non-political links with Great Britain has meant that the British political goings-on have frequently had a strong effect on Jersey's politics. Unlike the situation of the British Overseas Territories, the UK Parliament has never been the constitutional link between the Channel Islands and the UK and the island has never had representation in the House of Commons. The link is instead through the monarch. Within the United Kingdom government, responsibility for relations between Jersey (and the other Crown dependencies) and the United Kingdom lie in the Crown Dependencies Branch within the International Directorate of the Ministry of Justice, which has a core team of three officials, with four others and four lawyers available when required. In 2010, the House of Commons Justice Committee, conducting an inquiry into the Crown dependencies, found that the Jersey government and those of the other islands were "with some important caveats, content with their relationship with the Ministry of Justice". Tensions have, however, arisen from time to time. In the 1980s, there were discussions about a financial contribution from Jersey towards the United Kingdom's costs in relation to defence and international representation. In March 2009, the House of Lords Constitution Committee criticised UK government proposals in the Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Bill dealing with the Common Travel Area, concluding that "the policy-making process ... has not been informed by any real appreciation of the constitutional status of the Crown dependencies or the rights of free movement of Islanders". In 2009, the UK cancelled the reciprocal health agreement with Jersey, though a new one came into effect in April 2011. According to constitutional convention United Kingdom legislation may be extended to Jersey by Order in Council at the request of the Island's government. Whether an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament may expressly apply to the Island as regards matters of self-government, or whether this historic power is now in abeyance, is a matter of legal debate. The States of Jersey Law 2005 established that no United Kingdom Act or Order in Council may apply to the Bailiwick without being referred to the States of Jersey. Although Jersey is for most day-to-day purposes entirely self-governing in relation to its internal affairs, the Crown retains residual responsibility for the "good government" of the island. The UK government has consistently adopted a "non-interventionist policy", and following the "high degree of consensus amongst academics, legal advisers, politicians and officials" would only intervene "in the event of a fundamental breakdown in public order or the rule of law, endemic corruption in the government or other extreme circumstances". According to UK Ministry of Justice guidance, UK Government departments have a responsibility to engage directly with the Crown Dependencies. References Constitutions by country Jersey law Government of Jersey

70144130

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame%20on%20Fire

Notre-Dame on Fire

Notre-Dame on Fire () is an upcoming disaster film based on the Notre-Dame de Paris fire that occurred on 15 April 2019. The film is directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud from a script written by Annaud and Thomas Bidegain. Produced by Pathé Films and TF1 Films Production, it is an international co-production between France and Italy. Notre-Dame on Fire is scheduled to be released in France on 16 March 2022, by Pathé Distribution in IMAX, Dolby Cinema, and standard formats. Synopsis On 15 April 2019, a violent fire broke out in Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris. Women and men will do everything to save the building. Cast as The general Chloé Jouannet as Marianne Maximilien Seweryn as The general Gallet Élodie Navarre Antonythasan Jesuthasan as Jonas Oumar Diolo as Moumet as policeman as the motorized policeman Ava Baya Kevin Garnichat Nathan Gruffy Maxime Grandemange as American tourist Thomas Descharmes Vassili Schneider Chloé Chevallier Daniel Horn as Scottish guide Production In April 2020, Jean-Jacques Annaud announced that he wanted to make a film about the fire. He explains this choice later: "Obviously, I immediately felt the extraordinary cinematographic merits. Beyond the disaster and the grief, of course, there is precisely the emotion and the spectacle of the fire". The filmmaker had first thought of making a documentary. Filming begins in March 2021 in Bourges. Bourges Cathedral is used for its resemblance to Notre-Dame. The team then began to shoot in the studio at the Cité du Cinéma. A sequence is then shot in mid-April in Versailles, in the Versailles-Château-Rive-Gauche12 station. Sequences were also shot in Notre-Dame d'Amiens cathedral, whose spire and certain parts of the building are similar to those of Notre-Dame. To complete his film, director Jean-Jacques Annaud calls for the recovery of archive footage from the day of the fire: "I still need the traffic jams that were created by this event, the people singing in the night to cheer on the firefighters who saved the cathedral. I also need testimonies from foreign countries (…) to discuss the planetary event. If you have these images, we would be happy to take advantage of them and put them in the film." Release In February 2022, it was announced that the film would be released in France on March 16, 2022, three years after the fire. External links References Upcoming films Upcoming IMAX films 2022 films 2022 drama films 2020s disaster films 2020s French-language films French films French drama films French disaster films French films based on actual events Italian films Italian drama films Italian disaster films Disaster films based on actual events Pathé films Films directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud Films scored by Simon Franglen Films set in 2019 Films set in Paris Films shot in Île-de-France Films shot in France Notre-Dame de Paris WikiProject Europe articles WikiProject France articles

70144390

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinformation%20in%20the%202021%E2%80%932022%20Russo-Ukrainian%20crisis

Disinformation in the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis

Disinformation has been distributed by governmental agencies in relation to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis. Aims and attribution In January 2022, aims of disinformation (misinformation intended to deliberately deceive) distributed by Russian authorities included using "wedge issues" to encourage disunity among Western countries in support for Ukraine; to counter themes promoted by the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); to create plausible deniability for human rights violations carried out by Russian forces; and to create a casus belli for further invading Ukraine. Disinformation attributed to both Ukraine and Russia since the 2014 beginning of the Russo–Ukrainian war aimed to show the other side being involved in serious human rights violations. Effects In February 2022, Eliot Higgins of Bellingcat judged that the quality of Russian misinformation videos had weakened, but remained especially effective for the older generation of Russians. Disinformation themes Russian Prerecording of "urgent" call to evacuate On 18 February 2022, leaders of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People's Republic (LPR), the separatist areas of Ukraine involved in the War in Donbas, broadcast what was presented as an urgent appeal for citizens to evacuate to Russia. Metadata from Telegram showed that the recordings had been uploaded two days earlier, on 16 February. Fake assassination attempts According to Bellingcat, a supposed bombing of a "separatist police chief" by a "Ukrainian spy", broadcast on Russian state television, showed visual evidence of the bombing of an old "green army vehicle". The old car's registration plate was that of the separatist police chief, but the same licence plate was also seen on a different, new SUV. On 18 February 2022, LPR showed video appearing to show the removal of a car full of explosives that had been prepared for blowing up a train full of women and children evacuating to Russia. The video's metadata showed that it had been recorded on 12 June 2019. Fake sabotage attempts The DPR released a video on 18 February 2022 that claimed to show Poles trying to blow up a chlorine tank. The video was distributed further by Russian media. The video's metadata showed that it was created on 8 February 2022, and included a mix of different pieces of audio or video, including a 2010 YouTube video from a military firing range in Finland. Ukrainian intelligence attributed responsibility for the video to the Russian intelligence service GRU. Claim of genocide in Donbas In mid February 2022, Russian president Vladimir Putin claimed that Ukraine was carrying out genocide in Donbas. The Guardian interpreted the 2021 exhumation of mass graves of victims killed in 2014 during the Donbas war as being "used politically" to give a "grossly misleading" impression that genocide was occurring. Putin has repeatedly described Ukraine, which has a Jewish president, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, as being governed by neo-Nazis. Putin has said he wants denazification of Ukraine. Ukrainian Misrepresented Moscow anti-war protest StopFake, a Ukrainian fact-checking group, showed that photos of a protest in 2014 were used by some accounts to represent a supposed "large anti-war protest" in Moscow during the 2021–2022 Russo–Ukrainian crisis. (Anti-war protests in Moscow did start on February 24, after the report.) Snake Island sailors On February 24th 2022, the Ukrainian government claimed that 13 sailors were asked to surrender by Russian sailors, and responded "fuck you", leading to the Russian sailors executing the Ukrainian sailors. In reality, the 82 sailors defending the island surrendered immediately and were proven to be alive on February 28th. The Russian government announced they would soon release the sailors because they had pledged to not take arms up against Russia again. Readpassage noted that Canadian news outlets went with the Ukrainian government's incorrect version of events over the Russian government's correct version of events, which was released hours before. Responses The United States Department of State and the European External Action Service of the European Union (EU) published guides aimed to respond to Russian misinformation. Twitter paused all ad campaigns in Ukraine and Russia in an attempt to curb misinformation spread by ads. References Misinformation Fake news Pseudohistory Russo-Ukrainian War Propaganda by war 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis

70146088

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santosh%20Murat%20Singh

Santosh Murat Singh

Santosh Murat Singh is a 35 years old man from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, from last seven years he is protesting for his current status, he's walking with placard that reads Saheb, Main Zinda Hoon” (I Am Alive). Early life Santosh Murat Singh is a resident of Cholapur, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. he is a protester who was declared dead 20 years ago by his relatives.His father was in the army. In 1988 the father died and in 1995 the mother was also no more in the world. In the year 2000, Nana Patekar came from Mumbai to shoot for the film Aanch. Santosh worked as a cook for Nana Patekar, he claims that his relatives declared him dead and sold his property after he married with lower caste girl. Controversy Santosh Murat Singh has been walking dead on paper for 20 years. Santosh is giving proof of his existence to the administration from last 20 years but no one is even ready to accept him as alive, he has been walking with a placard of 'I am alive' around in his neck.In Bollywood movie Jolly LLB 2. His screenplay-like story is that of Santosh Murat Singh. In this an elderly person named Sitaram is declared dead on paper and he reaches the court demanding proof of his existence. There, Sitaram tries to consume poison in front of the judge, but the judge sends him to police custody, after this his name gets recorded in the police records.He nominated in Presidential elections in 2012, Lok Sabha elections from Varanasi seat in 2014 and 2019. His nomination was rejected in these elections, but still he could not be declared alive, he died in the 2003 train bombings in Mumbai. Santosh says that his relatives sold his 12 and a half acres of land to someone else after getting his death certificate made in a fake manner. Salman Khan Production's and Pankaj Tripathi's starrer film Kaagaz is also based on his real life. On 4th February 2022, he again filed the nomination for Maharajpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly seat to prove his existence but his enrollment was rejected due to lack of mandatory requirements. And then he started the protest and claimed that his nomination was rejected for wrong reasons. After 2003 serial blast in Mumbai, he has been trying to prove himself alive. Santosh claimed that after the intervention of Chief minister Akhilesh Yadav in the matter, FIR was registered against the land grabbers, but no action has been taken till now. References Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Indian people by legal status People with acquired Indian citizenship Indian people Uttar Pradesh Varanasi 2000 deaths Indian nationality law

70146123

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica%20Gorrie

Veronica Gorrie

Veronica Gorrie (sometimes referred to as Heritage-Gorrie, born 1971/1972) is an Aboriginal Australian writer. She is a Krauatungalang Gunai woman. Her first book, Black and Blue: A memoir of racism and resilience, a memoir reflecting on her Aboriginality and the decade she spent in the police force, was released in 2021. Black and Blue won Australia's richest literary award, the Victorian Prize for Literature, in 2022. Personal life Gorrie was born in 1971 or 1972, daughter of John (a Gunai man of the Krauatungalang clan) and Heather (a white first-generation Australian). John is a former Aboriginal liaison officer and child protection worker who was the first known Aboriginal man to receive a Public Service Medal. Gorrie grew up in Morwell, Victoria, and has lived in various locations in Australia including Brisbane, Mount Isa, Toongabbie, Bundaberg and Biloela. As of 2021, she lives in Victoria. She has three children, Nayuka, Paul and Likarri. Nayuka is a writer, actor and activist who has appeared on ABC's Black Comedy and Q+A. Career Beginning in 2001, Gorrie worked as a police officer in the Queensland Police Service. While she joined the force wanting to "help to eliminate or eradicate the fear and mistrust [Aboriginal] people have towards police," she has since discussed "witness[ing] brutality, excessive use of force, black deaths in custody and ongoing racism" during her time in the occupation, and was medically discharged in 2011. Since her retirement, she has sharply criticised Australian police, claiming they are "mainly white, dominated by men, and built on systemic racism, misogyny, homophobia, and bullying." After her retirement from police work, she embarked upon a writing career, appearing at the 2020 and 2021 Emerging Writers' Festivals and the 2021 Sydney Writers' Festival. Her first book, Black and Blue: A memoir of racism and resilience, was published by Scribe in 2021. The book is written in two parts, Black and Blue, which focus on her Aboriginality and time in the police respectively. The book has received generally positive reviews. Meriki Onus in Australian Book Review called it "an enthralling book" and "a beautiful story of survival and family," and Jessie Tu in The Sydney Morning Herald declared that it "astonishes with its degree of truth, trauma and resilience" and that it "should be mandatory reading material for all emerging and current cops". Meanwhile, in a more negative review in Kill Your Darlings, Fernanda Dahlstrom remarked that "[g]reater exploration of how she came to abolitionism, and some signposting of where the story was going, would have strengthened this account of her struggle with racism and disadvantage from both sides of the law." The book won both the Victorian Premier's Literary Award for Indigenous Writing and the Victorian Prize for Literature (Australia's richest literary award, with a $100,000 prize) in 2022. It was also nominated for that year's Victorian Premier's Prize for Nonfiction, but lost to Amani Haydar's The Mother Wound. Her first play, "Nullung" ("maternal grandmother" in Gunai), made its debut in 2021, the first known time the Gunai language was featured in a stage performance. References External links Veronica Gorrie's profile at The Wheeler Centre Living people 1970s births People from Morwell, Victoria Indigenous Australian writers 21st-century Australian women writers 21st-century Australian non-fiction writers‎ Australian women memoirists Queensland police officers Women police officers

70146267

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HKSAR%20v%20Lai%20Chee%20Ying

HKSAR v Lai Chee Ying

HKSAR v. Lai Chee Ying was an appeal involving points of law by the Department of Justice over the decision of the Court of First Instance (CFI) decision to grant bail to the founder of Apple Daily Jimmy Lai. The Court of Final Appeal (CFA) reversed the CFI's interpretation of art.42(2) of the Hong Kong national security law. The Court of Final Appeal displaced the presumption of bail in common law and Hong Kong's Criminal Procedure Ordinance. The CFA held that, with regards to national security offences, the Hong Kong national security law (NSL) carves out a specific exception from the bail regime; the presumption in Article 42(2) of the NSL (NSL 42(2)) being that no bail should be granted. Hong Kong Courts can only consider granting bail if the Court finds sufficient grounds to believe that the accused would not continue to commit offences endangering national security. Background Executives of Next Digital, the parent company of pro-democracy newspaper Apple Daily, were arrested on 10 August 2020, which its office was raided on the same day. Three were suspected of violating the NSL: founder of Next Digital Jimmy Lai and his son Ian Lai, and CFO Royston Chow. Jimmy Lai's private secretary Mark Simon, a foreign national, was reportedly wanted by the law. Jimmy Lai and his older son Timothy Lai, CEO Cheung Kim-hung, Royston Chow, administrative director Wong Wai-keung, animation director Kith Ng, a total of 6 people were accused for alleged fraud. Jimmy Lai was accused of financing groups advocating sanctions against Hong Kong. All arrestees were granted bail by the police originally, until 2 December 2020 when Jimmy Lai was arrested again and formally charged with fraud on the next day. He was denied bail by court and remanded in custody. While waiting for bail hearing, Jimmy Lai was further charged with one count of “collusion with a foreign country or with external elements to endanger national security”, contrary to art.29(4) of the NSL on 11 December 2020. The Chief Magistrate, Victor So, refused bail and remanded the respondent in custody on the basis that there were substantial grounds for believing that the accused would fail to surrender to custody or commit an offence while on bail. Lai submitted an appeal to the Court of First Instance. The bail appeal received grave concern from the public. On 23 December 2020, the CFI granted him bail pursuant to section 9J of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance subject to the respondent providing the undertaking offered by him in the strict terms. Despite the conditions of bail were said to be as strict as similar to house arrest, Department of Justice (DOJ) of the Government immediately appealed to the Court of Final Appeal, while pro-Beijing media and government mouthpieces strongly criticised the decision of letting Lai leaving the detention centre. Lai, on 31 December, was sent to jail again after the court decided to consider the appeal, and the government won on 9 February 2021. Subsequent bail application by Lai were denied. He faced additional charges and was jailed for his participation in protests. Hearing and rulings The Respondent (Lai) argued that on the principle of legality, a remedial interpretation involving a reading down of NSL 42(2) is required due to intrusion on the presumption of innocence and right to liberty. The Respondent argued that the NSL cannot override the Hong Kong Basic Law or ICCPR, and the Court can deal with its constitutionality by virtue of being entrusted with the power to uphold BL. By placing a burden on the accused to establish that bail should be granted, the Respondent argued that NSL 42(2) derogates from constitutionally protected rights, including the right to bail and the right to personal liberty, and must be justified as being intrusions which are no more than reasonably necessary. The NSL and Basic Law should be construed as a coherent whole and should be construed in a manner which is compatible with, and continues to respect and protect, the fundamental rights accorded by BL and ICCPR. The Respondent further submits that the Prosecution bears the burden of proof in establishing that bail should not be granted and that nothing in NSL 42(2) changes that. Displacement of presumption of bail The CFA held that the earlier decision to grant appeal by the CFI was to be set aside, on the ground that the lower court had elided the NSL 42(2) question with discretionary considerations under conditions of refusing bail of s.9G the Criminal Procedure Ordinance. The CFA held the lower court misapprehended the nature and effect of the threshold requirement created by NSL; the “double negative” requirement for granting bail in NSL 42(2) was mistranslated into a positive requirement that the court has to be satisfied that there do exist grounds to believe that the accused will continue to commit acts endangering national security as a basis for refusing bail. The CFA recognized NSL 42(2) was intended to operate in tandem with constitutional rights, freedoms and other applicable statutory norms, including the rules governing bail in general, as part of a coherent whole, subject to any specific changes effected by NSL 42(2). However, NSL 42(2) carves out a specific exception from the bail regime and introduces a new and more stringent threshold requirement for the grant of bail; the presumption in Article 42(2) of the NSL (NSL 42(2)) being that no bail should be granted. Only when the Court finds sufficient grounds to believe that the accused would not continue to commit offences endangering national security, should the court apply the presumption in favour of bail and proceed to consider all other matters relevant to the grant or refusal of bail. It was further held that the Prosecution bears no burden of proof in relation to proving that there is no sufficient ground to believe that the accused would not continue to commit offences endangering national security. Jurisdiction of reviewing NSL The CFA applied Ng Ka Ling v Director of Immigration (No 2) and asserted that there is no jurisdiction in the courts of Hong Kong to review the legislative acts of the National People's Congress (NPC) and its Standing Committee (NPCSC) done in accordance with the Basic Law. Therefore, three is no jurisdiction to review the acts of the NPC or NPCSC leading to the promulgation of the NSL on the basis of any alleged constitutional incompatibility and, accordingly, the court had no power to hold any provision of the NSL unconstitutional or invalid as incompatible with the Basic Law or the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance. The Court regard the promulgation of the NSL was done in accordance with art.18 of the Basic Law on the basis that national security was outside the limits of the HKSAR's autonomy and within the purview of the Central Authorities. Effects Subsequent bail application by Jimmy Lai were denied. He faced additional charges and was jailed for his participation in protests. The CFA in HKSAR v Lai Chee Ying ruled explicitly for the first time that as long as the conditions stipulated in the Basic Law for Chinese organs to exercise power are satisfied, Hong Kong courts have no jurisdiction to review the resulting acts for compatibility with the Basic Law's rights provisions. In effect, the Court closed off the possibility of disapplying an NSL provision or engaging in remedial interpretation thereto, if it finds an NSL provision to be incompatible with the Basic Law. References 2020 in case law 2020 in Hong Kong 2021 in Hong Kong Hong Kong national security law Hong Kong case law Political repression in Hong Kong

70146539

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913%20in%20animation

1913 in animation

Events in 1913 in animation. Films released Unknown date - The Grasshopper and the Ant (Russia) 23 November - Colonel Heeza Liar In Africa (United States) Births January January 5: Jack Hannah, American animator, animation film director, screenwriter and comics artist, comics artist and comics writer (Walt Disney Company, Walter Lantz), (d. 1994). January 17: Claude Coats, American painter and animator (Walt Disney Animation Studios), (d. 1992). January 28: Maurice Gosfield, American actor (voice of Benny The Ball, in Top Cat), (d. 1964). February February 19: Frank Tashlin, American cartoonist, comics artist, illustrator, screenwriter, film director and animator (Van Beuren Studios, Terrytoons, Warner Bros. Cartoons, Walt Disney Company, Columbia Pictures, United Artists), (d. 1972). February 21: Joe Oriolo, American animated film director, animated film producer and writer (co-creator of Casper the Friendly Ghost and the Felix the Cat animated TV show, worked for Fleischer Studios, Famous Studios), (d. 1985). February 25: Jim Backus, American voice actor (voice of Mr. Magoo), (d. 1989). Nicholas Tafuri, American animator (Fleischer Studios, Famous Studios, Ralph Bakshi), (d. 1990). March March 12: Loulie Jean Norman, American coloratura soprano (voiced Penelope Pinfeather in Melody and Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom), (d. 2005). March 20: Kenny Gardner, American singer and actor (voice of Dick in Mr. Bug Goes to Town), (d. 2002). March 30: Marc Davis, American animator (Walt Disney Company) and character designer (designed Snow White, Bambi, Cinderella, Tinker Bell, Maleficent and Cruella de Vil), (d. 2000). April April 4: Frances Langford, American singer (sang the Once Upon a Wintertime segment in Melody Time), (d. 2005). April 9: Roman Davydov, Russian animated film director (Adventures of Mowgli), (d. 1988). April 16: Les Tremayne, English actor (voice actor for Chuck Jones, voice of The Ghost of Christmas Present in Mr. Magoo's Christmas Carol), (d. 2003). April 28: Joop Geesink, Dutch comics artist and animator (Loeki de Leeuw, Dusty), (d. 1983). May May 25: Carl Wessler, American comics artist, animator and writer (Fleischer Studios), (d. 1989). May 26: Al Hubbard, American animator and comics artist (Walt Disney Company), (d. 1983). June June 14: Ed Nofziger, American animator and comics artist (UPA), (d. 2000). July July 8: Bill Thompson, American voice actor (voice of Droopy, Adolf Wolf in Blitz Wolf, White Rabbit and Dodo in Alice in Wonderland, Mr. Smee in Peter Pan, Jock, Bull, Dachsie, Joe the cook and the Irish policeman in Lady and the Tramp, King Hubert in Sleeping Beauty, Ranger J. Audubon Woodlore in Humphrey the Bear cartoons, Professor Owl in Melody and Toot Whistle Plunk and Boom, Uncle Waldo in The Aristocats, voice of Tom's cousin George in the Tom & Jerry short Timid Tabby, Touché Turtle in Touché Turtle and Dum Dum), (d. 1971). July 18: Marvin Miller, American actor (voice of Narrator in Gerald McBoing Boing, Mr. Sun in Our Mr. Sun, Hemo in Hemo the Magnificent, Narrator in Sleeping Beauty, Aquaman in The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure, Busby Birdwell in Fantastic Voyage), (d. 1985). August August 25: Walt Kelly, American animator and cartoonist (Walt Disney Studios), (d. 1973). September September 4: Alex Lovy, American animator, animated director and comics artist (worked for Van Beuren, Walter Lantz, Columbia Pictures and Hanna-Barbera), (d. 1992). September 11: Elmer Wait, American animator (Warner Bros. Cartoons, Elmer Fudd was named after him), (d. 1937). October October 17: Ray Bailey, American animator and comics artist (Fleischer Brothers), (d. 1975). October 18: Evelyn Venable, American actress (voice of the Blue Fairy in Pinocchio), (d. 1993). October 20: Barney Phillips, American actor (voice of Shazzan in Shazzan!, Porthos in The Three Musketeers, King Neptune in The Popeye Valentine's Day Special - Sweethearts at Sea, Pere David in No Man's Valley), (d. 1982). October 25: Don Lusk, American animator and director (Walt Disney Company, Peanuts TV specials, Hanna-Barbera), (d. 2018). October 28: Douglas Seale, British actor, film producer and director (voice of Krebbs the koala in The Rescuers Down Under, the Sultan in Aladdin), (d. 1999). November November 7: Cor Icke, Dutch animator (directed Loeki de Leeuw), (d. 1996). November 17: Volus Jones, American animator (Warner Bros. Cartoons, Walter Lantz, Format Films, Hanna-Barbera, Famous Studios, UPA, Ralph Bakshi), (d. 2004). December December 25: Candy Candido, American singer, musician and actor (voice of the Native American chief in Peter Pan, Awful Dynn in The Phantom Tollbooth, crocodile captain in Robin Hood, Mafia messenger in Heavy Traffic, Sal in Hey Good Lookin', Fidget the bat in The Great Mouse Detective), (d. 1999). Specific date unknown Claude Smith, American animator (Walt Disney Company, MGM (worked in Tex Avery's unit)), (d. 2003). References External links Animated works of the year, listed in the IMDb

70147452

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauk%20Siege

Sauk Siege

The Sauk Siege () was a military standoff that happened on 5 July 2000. It was a attempted coup d'état for Yang di-Pertuan Agong and Malaysian Government by Al-Ma'unah led by Muhammad Amin Mohamed Razali. The group was made famous by their audacious raid on 2 July 2000 on a camp of Malaysian Army Reserve (Mobilised) in the early hours of the morning and stealing weapons from the armoury. The group was later cornered in the village of Sauk, Kuala Kangsar, Perak and was involved in a stand-off the against the Malaysian Army and Royal Malaysian Police forces. The siege was ended when Malaysian security forces, including the army 22nd Grup Gerak Khas (22nd GGK) and police VAT 69 Pasukan Gerakan Khas, stormed the camp in Operation Dawn. Event Mohamed Amin Mohamed Razali led a band of 29 Al-Ma'unah members in a mission to overthrow the Malaysian government. The group included a serving Major in the Royal Malaysian Air Force. They dressed up in uniforms of senior army officers and claimed to be making a surprise inspection of the 304th Malaysian Army Reserve (Rejimen Askar Wataniah) camp at the Temenggor Dam in Gerik, Perak. The group tricked their way through and raided the armouries. They had previously obtained military fatigues from various outlets and securing three units of Mitsubishi Pajero four-wheel-drive vehicles. The Pajero, of similar make to that used by the Malaysian Army was painted green and given false number plate at a house rented in the town of Kati, for the specific use as a transit point for the group. In the early hours of 2 July 2000, 20 members of the Al-Maunah group got into three Pajero vehicles and proceeded to Post 2 Kuala Rhui Camp at 2.50 a.m. and then to Camp Bn 304 Rejimen Askar Wataniah at 4.15 a.m. They talked their way into the Camps by feigning a surprise inspection, to conduct emergency spot checks of all the weapons and ammunition stored at both camps. Impressed by the manner in Amin and the others conducted themselves and assured by the presence of the three Pajero vehicles bearing the military registration numbers beginning with the letter 'Z', the military personnel at the two army camps were duped into allowing the group to take possession of all but one of the various army weapons, ammunition and other army equipment including communication equipment and some even helped the group to carry the weapons into the three Pajeros. They took away a huge cache of firearms and ammunition, including 97 M16 assault rifles, two Steyr AUG rifles, four GPMGs, six light machine guns, five grenade launchers, 182 M16 magazines, eight extra barrels of GPMGs, three extra barrel of LMGs, 26 bayonets, 9,095 rounds of 5.56mm and 60 rounds of 40mm ammunition. 27 of them hid themselves in the jungle in Bukit Jenalik, Sauk, near Kuala Kangsar, in Perak. Amin then distributed the seized arms to his members for practice. The unusual sounds of firearms alerted local inhabitants who alerted the Police. The group made preparations for the operation, including collecting food supplies and taking them to their base in Bukit Jenalik. The food dumps were to keep the base going for about three weeks. They had obtained military fatigues from various outlets and securing three units of Pajero four-wheel-drive vehicles. They also collected weapons such as parang (machete) and cross bows for the purpose of their mission. Police threw a containment cordon on Bukit Jenalik. A number of security personnel were deployed to penetrate the Al-Ma'unah's camp. However, two of the police personnel Sergeant (Sarjan) Mohd Shah Ahmad and Detective Corporal Raju Saghadevan, as well as civilian Jaafar Puteh and an army personnel, Corporal Matthew anak Medan, were taken hostage by Al-Ma'unah. In a radio communication with the authorities, the group stated their intention to cordon off Kuala Lumpur if their demand for Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad to resign in 24 hours was unmet. Jaafar Puteh was a civilian who wandered into their camp while looking for durian fruit. Mohd Shah Ahmad related during the trial that over the four days, the security personnel were abused and tortured. They were made to dig trenches along the sides of Bukit Jenalik to serve as a defence in the event of an attack on the camp. At night, they were tied to a durian tree. It was that Mohd Shah and Sanghadevan buried Corporal Matthew in one of these trenches. Trooper Matthews was apprehended by Jemari Jusoh and when Amin realised the identity of Corporal Matthew, Amin tortured Matthew by shooting his leg. Amin then ordered the Jemari Jusoh to shoot Matthew in cold blood. On the morning of 5 July 2000, a member of Al Ma'unah, Abu Bakar Ismail was shot by the security forces. In retaliation, Amin and his followers returned fire against the security forces. During this cross fire, Saghadevan was shot dead (Mohd Shah claimed that Amin shot Saghadevan in the head twice). Saghadevan was buried next to Trooper Matthews by Mohd Shah and Jaafar Puteh. Surrender Al-Ma'unah later surrendered, and the leaders brought to trial for “waging war upon the King.” The Malaysian Government acted against the Al-Ma'unah group only after giving it every chance to surrender and retained public support by giving the Al-Ma'unah members fair trials and re-integrating them into society. Mohamed Amin Mohamed Razali was the last to surrender. Just before doing so, he grabbed the Malaysian Army Field Commander, Lieutenant General Zaini Mohamad Said by his shirt and tried to shoot him at point-blank range. The General flicked the barrel of Amin's assault rifle and the bullet hit one of the militants. Zaini was later awarded the Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa (S.P.) award for his bravery and contribution in ending the siege without further loss of life. Lieutenant General Zaini Mohamad Said went up the hill with 43 Army Commando personnel in four armoured personnel carriers followed by 16 infantrymen after Deputy Superintendent of Police, Abd Razak bin Mohd Yusoff, and his VAT 69 Commando team spent two odd hours negotiated and persuaded Amin to surrender. Later, DSP Abd Razak bin Mohd Yusoff informed Zaini that the Al-Ma'unah's group leader has agreed to surrender. When they reached there, about 15 Al-Ma'unah members surrendered the stolen weapons, but refused to give up their parangs which they claimed to be inscribed with Quran verses until relented later. Abd Razak bin Mohd Yusoff was also awarded the Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa for his bravery as a role of mediator in the incident. Razak was the officer-in-charge of the Parachute Branch, Pasukan Gerakan Khas, Royal Malaysian Police. Deaths Three people were killed before the group finally surrendered. Detective Corporal R. Saghadevan of the Special Branch was killed, some claimed he was executed, during the siege. The group also killed an Army commando, Corporal Mathew anak Medan, who was shot by Jemari Jusoh. Both were tortured before they were killed. The third person killed was a group member who was shot and killed when he refused to retreat. Other attacks Mohamed Amin Mohamed Razali also sent members to bomb the Anchor and Carlsberg breweries in Petaling Jaya and Shah Alam near Kuala Lumpur and the Hindu temple in Batu Caves. Only minor damage was done. Members of the group, Shahidi and Roslan, later admitted to attacking the Carlsberg brewery on the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur with grenade launchers stolen from the army camps. Trial and sentence Mohamed Amin and his group were brought to trial for charges of “waging war against the King,” and became the first people convicted of such offence in Malaysia. Amin and his two lieutenants, Zahit Muslim (ex-police VAT-69 commando) and Jamaluddin Darus, were sentenced to death. Sixteen others were given life sentences. In June 2003, the Federal Court turned down Mohamed Amin's appeal for life imprisonment and confirmed the death sentence on him for waging war against the King. Megat Mohamed Hanafi Ilias, Muhamad Nukhshah Bandi Che Mansor, Riduan Berahim, Azlan Abdul Ghani, Shahidi Ali and Khairul Anuar Mohamed Ariffin, were sentenced by the High Court to ten years in jail after pleading guilty to treason, a lesser charge. They were originally charged with waging war against the King, an offence that carries the death penalty or life imprisonment. Instead, they accepted a guilty plea in a reduced charge of preparing to wage war against the King, which refers to collecting or attempting to collect men, arms or ammunition with the intention of waging war. 15 Al-Mau'nah detainees were released from the detention of the Internal Security Act (ISA) on 24 November 2003, however the release came with a string of conditions which included restricted residence to a particular district, the need to report to police weekly, and a 9 pm to 6 pm curfew. Mohamed Amin Mohamed Razali hanged Mohamed Amin Mohamed Razali, leader of a militant group, was hanged at the Sungai Buloh Prison in Selangor on 4 August 2006, as reported by Bernama news agency. Zahit Muslim, Jamaluddin Darus, and Jemari Jusoh were hanged a week earlier. Pardon On Merdeka day 2020, Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Abdullah has granted royal pardon to 13 Al-Maunah convicts as good behaviour in prison. References 2000 in military history July 2000 events in Asia 2000 in Malaysia Sieges

70147600

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stray%20cow

Stray cow

Stray cow or stray cattle refers to animals such as cow, bull, ox and buffaloes that roam freely. The owner of a stray cow no longer claims ownership or its owner cannot be determined. Slaughtering cattle is banned in many parts of the country. Cow slaughter is banned in many places in India with imprisonment and huge fines. Fear of arrest, persecution, and lynching by cow vigilantes has reduced the trading of cattle. Once the cow stops giving milk, feeding and maintenance of the cow becomes a financial burden on the farmer who cannot afford their upkeep. Cattle that farmers are unable to sell are eventually abandoned to wander. India has over 5 million stray cattle according to the livestock census data released in January 2020. The stray cow attacks on humans and crops in both urban and rural areas is an issue for the residents. Stray cattle are a nuisance to traffic in urban areas and frequently cause road accidents. The problem of solid waste pollution, especially plastic pollution and garbage dumped at public places, poses risk to stray cattle which feed on garbage. Causes Slaughtering cows is illegal in most of India, because cows are considered holy in Hinduism. The anti-slaughter laws were not strictly enforced until 2014, when the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) came to power. Before this, farmers regularly took their old cows to slaughterhouses. Since 2014, cow slaughter has been made illegal in 18 states in India including Uttar Pradesh. In Uttar Pradesh, many slaughterhouses were closed down by the state government. These steps were taken by the BJP government in accordance with the party's right wing Hindu agenda. Growing mechanization in the farming industry has also put cattle out of use as working animals, and increased the number of cattle abandonment cases. Fear of arrest, persecution, and lynching by cow vigilantes has also reduced the trading of cattle. Once the cow stops giving milk, feeding and maintenance of the cow becomes a financial burden on the farmer who cannot afford their upkeep. Cattle that farmers are unable to sell are eventually abandoned to wander. Impact Stray cattle pose a number of threats to human residents and animal welfare in both urban and rural areas. Stray cattle have been known to feed on standing crops and attack humans. Roads Stray cows are a frequent cause of road accidents in cities, where they crowd roads. Cow attacks on pedestrians and vehicles often becomes deadly. Moving vehicles colliding with stationary cows on the road, is a frequent cause of deadly road accidents in India. Cattle dung also creates a road hazard for pedestrians and two-wheeled vehicles who may slip on it. In Tiruvallur, in one incident from 2022, emergency braking by a semi truck driver to avoid collision with stray cattle on the road, caused a multiple-vehicle collision which killed one driver. Most of the accidents related to stray cattle on the roads occur at night, when it is harder to see the animal on roads with insufficient lights. Airports Stray animals are common on the runways of Indian airports. These stray animals, including cattle, pose a major threat to air safety in most airports across the nation. According to the Airports Authority of India (AAI) officials, animals straying onto the runway are routine at many airports in India. In 2018, a stray cow on the runway caused chaos at Ahmedabad airport leading to two planes aborting their landings. The cow crept past security at a cargo gate at the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad resulting in a cargo plane being diverted to Mumbai and delaying five domestic flights and several departures. It took over 90 minutes for the security personnel to clear the runway. Election issue The deadly attacks by the stray cows was an election issue in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. In 2017, after coming to power in Uttar Pradesh, the Yogi Adityanath ministry promised to build cattle shelters to better manage the stray cattle. Since then, anti cow slaughter laws have been strictly enforced. The main opposition party in 2021, Samajwadi Party (SP) promised compensation of for farmers who were killed by bulls. SP promised to fix the root cause of the problem, removing the risk of trouble or harassment from trading of livestock. In 2022, BJP leaders denied that stray cattle was an issue, despite complaints from farmers that stray cattle were destroying crops. Speaking at a rally in Kanpur in February 2022, PM Narendra Modi acknowledged the problem in his rally and said that the Yogi government is trying to solve the problem by setting up cattle shelters. On 22 February, local farmers released hundreds of cattle at the venue of an election rally in Barabanki located 40 km from the state capital Lucknow. The act was to highlight the issues caused by the stray cattle in the area. In a viral video of the incident, hundreds of unattended cattle were seen roaming in the open rally ground. Governmental response Laws In June 2020, the Uttar Pradesh government approved the Uttar Pradesh Cabinet Cow Slaughter Prevention (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020 that provided maximum sentence of 10 years imprisonment and a fine of up to for cow slaughter. The residents of Tiruvallur district who allow their cattle to freely wander on the roads have been warned by the police. Imprisonment of up to three years and fines up to ₹5,000 are applicable according to the provisions of the Tamil Nadu Animals and Birds in Urban Areas (Control and Regulation) Act, 1997. Police have also threatened actions according to the Indian Penal Code and Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, in addition the stray cattle would be sent to cow sheds operated by the government. Yet these measures have not reduced the practice of cattle owners releasing their cattle. The authorities of Tiruvallur district have also set up call center to report incidents of stray cattle. Cow tax The Adityanath ministry in the state of Uttar Pradesh introduced a special 0.5% tax named as "Cow Protection Cess" on eight government departments including the department that earns revenue from alcohol tax. The cow protection cess was levied to earn money and maintain thousands of cow sheds operated by the government. The BBC reported that the tax did not solve the problem of stray cow and the cow sheds were found to be over crowded. In 2019, there were 510 cow shelters in the state of Uttar Pradesh registered in the state government records. In 2021, it was reported that the Ludhiana Municipal Corporation had collected a cow cess of ₹3.5 crore every year, for taking care of stray cows. However, as of 2021 hundreds of stray cows are seen roaming in the streets on public places in Ludhiana city. Cow sheds Goshalas (or cow sheds) are shelters for unproductive, homeless, unwanted or elderly cattle in India. Since the BJP government came into power in India in 2014, India has spent on cow shelters in between the years 2014 and 2016. The BJP state government claims to have provided money to the village pradhans to set up cow shelters to keep the stray cattle. Deccan Herald reported that it could not find cattle shelters in the villages of Sitapur, Lakhimpur Kheri, Hardoi and Unnao districts. Places that had cow shelters, were already full with no capacity to keep more cattle. Large scale corruption have been reported in the building and management of cow shelters in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The contracts for the cow shelters were awarded to people associated with the ruling party, BJP or the Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh. Cattle housed in the cow shelters often starve to death due to lack of fodder in shelters that are not maintained properly. Overcrowded shelters lack sufficient manpower to manage the large number of cows and the money allotted to feed the cattle is not sufficient due to the over crowding. References Animals and humans Feral cattle Animal welfare and rights in India Animals in politics

70149799

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Russian%20invasion%20of%20Ukraine

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 24 February 2022, Russia launched a large-scale military invasion of Ukraine, one of its neighbours to the southwest, marking an escalation to a conflict that began in 2014. Following Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity in 2014, Russia had annexed Crimea and Russian-backed separatist forces had seized part of the Donbas in eastern Ukraine, leading to an eight-year war in the region. Some reports called the invasion the largest conventional warfare attack in Europe since World War II. Starting early in 2021, Russia built up its military around Ukraine's borders with Russia and Belarus. The US and others accused Russia of planning an invasion, but Russian officials repeatedly issued denials. During the crisis, Russian president Vladimir Putin condemned the post-1997 enlargement of NATO as a threat to his country's security, a claim which NATO rejects, and demanded Ukraine be barred from ever joining the NATO military alliance. Putin and Kremlin officials expressed Russian irredentist views, and questioned Ukraine's right to sovereignty. Before the invasion, in an attempt to provide a casus belli, they accused Ukraine of genocide against Russian speakers in Ukraine, accusations that have been widely described as baseless. On 21 February 2022, Russia officially recognised the Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics, two self-proclaimed states controlled by pro-Russian forces in the Donbas. The following day, Russia's Federation Council unanimously authorised Putin to use military force outside Russia's borders, and Russia openly sent troops into the breakaway territories. Around 05:00 EET (UTC+2) on 24 February, Putin announced a "special military operation" in eastern Ukraine; minutes later, missiles began to hit locations across Ukraine, including the capital, Kyiv. The State Border Guard Service of Ukraine said that its border posts with Russia and Belarus were attacked. Two hours later, Russian ground forces entered the country. Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy responded by enacting martial law, severing diplomatic ties with Russia, and ordering general mobilisation. The invasion received widespread international condemnation, including new sanctions imposed on Russia, triggering a financial crisis. Global protests took place against the invasion, while protests in Russia were met with mass arrests. Both prior to and during the invasion, various states have been providing Ukraine with foreign aid, including arms and other materiel support. Background Post-Soviet context and Orange Revolution After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine and Russia maintained close ties. In 1994, Ukraine agreed to abandon its nuclear arsenal by signing the Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances, on the condition that Russia, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US) would provide assurances against threats or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of Ukraine. Five years later, Russia was one of the signatories of the Charter for European Security, which "reaffirmed the inherent right of each and every participating State to be free to choose or change its security arrangements, including treaties of alliance, as they evolve". In December, Viktor Yanukovych, then Prime Minister of Ukraine, was declared the winner of the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, despite allegations of vote-rigging by election observers. The results caused a public outcry in support of the opposition candidate, Viktor Yushchenko, and widespread peaceful protests challenged the outcome in what became known as the Orange Revolution. During the tumultuous months of the revolution, Yushchenko suddenly became gravely ill, and was soon found by multiple independent physician groups to have been poisoned by TCDD dioxin. Yushchenko strongly suspected Russian involvement in his poisoning. After the Supreme Court of Ukraine annulled the initial election result, a re-run of the second round was held, bringing Yushchenko and Yulia Tymoshenko to power and leaving Yanukovych in opposition. In 2009, Yanukovych announced his intent to again run for president in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election, which he won. Euromaidan, Revolution of Dignity, and war in Donbas The Euromaidan protests began in 2013 over the Ukrainian government's decision to suspend the signing of the European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement, instead choosing closer ties to Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union. Following weeks of protests, Yanukovych and the leaders of the Ukrainian parliamentary opposition signed a settlement agreement on 21 February 2014 that called for an early election. The following day, Yanukovych fled from Kyiv ahead of an impeachment vote that stripped him of his powers as president. Leaders of Russian-speaking Eastern Ukraine declared continuing loyalty to Yanukovych, leading to pro-Russian unrest. The unrest was followed by the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014 and the war in Donbas, which started in April 2014 with the creation of the Russia-backed quasi-states of the Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics. Russian troops were involved in the conflict, although Russia formally denied this. The Minsk agreements were signed in September 2014 and February 2015 in a bid to stop the fighting, although ceasefires repeatedly failed. In July 2021, Putin published an essay titled On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians, in which he re-affirmed his view that Russians and Ukrainians were "one people". American historian Timothy D. Snyder described Putin's ideas as imperialism. British journalist Edward Lucas described it as historical revisionism. Other observers have described the Russian leadership as having a distorted view of modern Ukraine and its history. Ukraine and other European countries neighbouring Russia accused Putin of attempting Russian irredentism and of pursuing aggressive militaristic policies. Prelude Russian military build-ups From March to April 2021, Russia commenced a major military build-up near the Russo-Ukrainian border. The second phase of military build-ups took place from October 2021 to February 2022. Russian equipment marked with a white "Z" symbol, which is not a Cyrillic letter, were spotted on the sides of the equipment during the build-up. Tanks, fighting vehicles, and other equipment bearing the symbol were seen as late as 22 February 2022. Observers believed that the marking was a deconfliction measure meant to prevent friendly fire incidents. Russian officials' denials of plans to invade Despite the Russian military build-ups, Russian officials over months repeatedly denied that Russia had plans to invade Ukraine. On 12 November 2021, Dmitry Peskov, the spokesman for Putin, told reporters that "Russia doesn't threaten anyone. The movement of troops on our territory shouldn't be a cause for anyone's concern". On 28 November 2021, Peskov stated that "Russia has never hatched, is not hatching and will never hatch any plans to attack anyone. ... Russia is a peaceful country, which is interested in good relations with its neighbors." On 12 December 2021, Peskov said that tensions regarding Ukraine were "being created to further demonise Russia and cast it as a potential aggressor". On 19 January 2022, Russian deputy foreign minister Sergei Ryabkov said that Russia does "not want and will not take any action of aggressive character. We will not attack, strike, invade, quote unquote, whatever Ukraine." On 12 February 2022, Kremlin foreign affairs adviser Yuri Ushakov described discussion about the "so-called planned Russian invasion" as "hysteria". On 20 February 2022, Russia's ambassador to the US Anatoly Antonov said that Russian forces "don't threaten anyone. ... There is no invasion. There no such plans." The US sought to counter Russian denials by releasing intelligence relating to Russian invasion plans including satellite photographs of buildup and movement of Russian troops and equipment near the Ukrainian border. The US also claimed the existence of a list of key Ukrainians to be killed or detained upon invasion. Russian accusations and demands In the leadup to the invasion, Putin and Kremlin officials engaged in a protracted series of accusations against Ukraine as well as demands against Ukraine and NATO in an attempt to generate justification for war. On 9 December 2021, Putin spoke of discrimination against Russian speakers outside Russia, saying: "I have to say that Russophobia is a first step towards genocide." On 15 February 2022, Putin told the press: "What is going on in Donbas is exactly genocide." The Russian government also condemned the language policy in Ukraine. On 18 February, Anatoly Antonov, the Russian ambassador to the US, accused the US of condoning the forced cultural assimilation of Russians in Ukraine. In an address on 21 February, Putin said that Ukrainian society "was faced with the rise of far-right nationalism, which rapidly developed into aggressive Russophobia and neo-Nazism." Putin claimed that "Ukraine never had a tradition of genuine statehood" and was wrongly created by Soviet Russia. Putin's claims were generally ineffective and largely dismissed by the international community. In particular, Russian claims of genocide have been widely rejected as baseless. The European Commission has also rejected the allegations as "Russian disinformation". The US embassy in Ukraine called the Russian genocide claim a "reprehensible falsehood". Ned Price, a spokesperson for the US State Department, said that Moscow was making such claims as an excuse for invading Ukraine. According to press reports, Putin was using a "false 'Nazi' narrative", taking advantage of collaboration in German-occupied Ukraine during World War II, to justify Russia's attack on Ukraine; while there have been problems and the neo-Nazi Azov Battalion is a unit of the National Guard of Ukraine, analysts commented that Putin has largely overblown the issue, and said there is no widespread support for far-right ideology in the government, military, or electorate, and no far-right candidate won a single seat in the Verkhovna Rada, the national legislature, during the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election. Addressing the Russian claims specifically, Ukrainian president Zelenskyy, who is Jewish, stated that his grandfather served in the Soviet Army fighting against the Nazis; three of his family members died in the Holocaust. The US Holocaust Memorial Museum condemned Putin's abuse of Holocaust history as a justification for war. Some commentators described Putin's claims as reflecting his isolation and reliance on an inner circle who were unable to give him frank advice. During the second build-up, Russia issued demands to the US and NATO which included a legally binding promise that Ukraine would not join NATO and a reduction in NATO troops and military hardware stationed in Eastern Europe. In addition, Russia threatened an unspecified military response if NATO continued to follow an "aggressive line". These demands were largely interpreted as being non-viable. New NATO members had joined as their populations broadly preferred to move towards the safety and economic opportunities offered by NATO and the European Union (EU), and away from Russia. The demand for a formal treaty preventing Ukraine from joining NATO was also seen as unviable, although NATO showed no desire to accede to Ukraine's requests to join. Alleged clashes Fighting in Donbas escalated significantly on 17 February 2022. While the daily number of attacks over the first six weeks of 2022 ranged from two to five, the Ukrainian military reported 60 attacks on 17 February. Russian state media also reported over 20 artillery attacks on separatist positions the same day. The Ukrainian government accused Russian separatists of shelling a kindergarten at Stanytsia Luhanska using artillery, injuring three civilians. The Luhansk People's Republic said that its forces had been attacked by the Ukrainian government with mortars, grenade launchers, and machine gun fire. On 18 February, the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic ordered mandatory evacuations of civilians from their respective capital cities, although observers noted that full evacuations would take months to accomplish. Ukrainian media reported a sharp increase in artillery shelling by the Russian-led militants in Donbas as attempts to provoke the Ukrainian army. On 21 February, Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) announced that Ukrainian shelling had destroyed an FSB border facility 150 metres from the Russia–Ukraine border in Rostov Oblast. The Luhansk thermal power station in the Luhansk People's Republic was also shelled by unknown forces. Ukrainian news stated that it was forced to shut down as a result. On 21 February, the press service of the Southern Military District announced that Russian forces had in the morning that day killed a group of five saboteurs near the village of , Rostov Oblast, that had penetrated the border from Ukraine in two infantry fighting vehicles, the vehicles having been destroyed. Ukraine denied being involved in both incidents and called them a false flag. Additionally, two Ukrainian soldiers and a civilian were reported killed by shelling in the village of Zaitseve, north of Donetsk. Several analysts, including the investigative website Bellingcat, published evidence that many of the claimed attacks, explosions, and evacuations in Donbas were staged by Russia. Escalation (21–23 February) On 21 February, following the recognition of the Donetsk and Luhansk republics, Putin directed the deployment of Russian troops (including mechanised forces) into Donbas in what Russia referred to as a "peacekeeping mission". Russia's military said it killed five Ukrainian "saboteurs" who crossed the border into Russia, a claim strongly denied by Ukrainian foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba. Later that day, several independent media outlets confirmed that Russian forces were entering Donbas. The 21 February intervention in Donbas was widely condemned by the UN Security Council and did not receive any support. Kenya's ambassador Martin Kimani compared Putin's move to colonialism and said: "We must complete our recovery from the embers of dead empires in a way that does not plunge us back into new forms of domination and oppression." On 22 February, US president Joe Biden stated that "the beginning of a Russian invasion of Ukraine" had occurred. NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg and Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau said that "further invasion" had taken place. Ukrainian foreign minister Kuleba stated: "There's no such thing as a minor, middle or major invasion. Invasion is an invasion." Josep Borrell, the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, stated that "Russian troops [had arrived] on Ukrainian soil" in what was "[not] a fully-fledged invasion". On the same day, the Federation Council unanimously authorised Putin to use military force outside Russia. In turn, Zelenskyy ordered a conscription of Ukraine's reservists, while not committing to general mobilisation at that time. On 23 February, the Verkhovna Rada proclaimed a 30-day nationwide state of emergency, excluding the occupied territories in Donbas, which took effect at midnight. The parliament also ordered the mobilisation of all reservists of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. On the same day, Russia began to evacuate its embassy in Kyiv and also lowered the Russian flag from the top of the building. The websites of the Ukrainian parliament and government, along with banking websites, were hit by DDoS attacks. By night on 23 February, Zelenskyy made a televised speech in which he addressed the citizens of Russia in Russian and pleaded with them to prevent war. In the speech, Zelenskyy refuted claims of the Russian government about the presence of neo-Nazis in the Ukrainian government and stated that he had no intention of attacking the Donbas region. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said that the leaders of the Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics sent a letter to Putin appealing for military support from Russia "in repelling the aggression of the Ukrainian armed forces", with the letter claiming that Ukrainian government shelling had caused civilian deaths. In response to the appeal, Ukraine requested an urgent UN Security Council meeting. Another meeting was convened on 23–24 February. Russia, which held the presidency of the UN Security Council for February 2022 and has veto power as one of five permanent members, launched its invasion of Ukraine during the emergency meeting called to defuse the crisis. UN Secretary-General António Guterres pleaded with Putin: "Give peace a chance." Invasion 24 February Shortly before 06:00 Moscow Time (UTC+3) on 24 February, Putin announced that he had made the decision to launch a "special military operation" in eastern Ukraine. In his address, Putin claimed there were no plans to occupy Ukrainian territory and that he supported the right of the peoples of Ukraine to self-determination. Putin also stated that Russia sought the "demilitarisation and denazification" of Ukraine (see ). The Russian Ministry of Defence asked air traffic control units of Ukraine to stop flights, and the airspace over Ukraine was restricted to non-civilian air traffic, and the whole area was deemed an active conflict zone by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency. Within minutes of Putin's announcement, explosions were reported in Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odessa, and the Donbas. Ukrainian officials said that Russia had landed troops in Mariupol and Odessa and launched cruise and ballistic missiles at airfields, military headquarters, and military depots in Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Dnipro. Military vehicles entered Ukraine through Senkivka, at the point where Ukraine meets Belarus and Russia, at around 6:48 am local time. A video captured Russian troops entering Ukraine from Russian-annexed Crimea. The Kremlin planned to initially target artillery and missiles at command and control centres and then send fighter jets and helicopters to quickly gain air superiority. The Center for Naval Analyses said that Russia would create a pincer movement to encircle Kyiv and envelop Ukraine's forces in the east, with the Center for Strategic and International Studies identifying three axes of advance: from Belarus in the north, from Donetsk, and from Crimea in the south. The US said it believed that Russia intended to "decapitate" Ukraine's government and install their own, with US intelligence officials believing that Kyiv would fall within 96 hours given circumstances on the ground. According to former Ukrainian Deputy Minister of Internal affairs, Anton Herashchenko, now serving as an official government advisor, just after 06:30 UTC+2, Russian forces were invading via land near the city of Kharkiv and large-scale amphibious landings were reported in the city of Mariupol. At 07:40, troops were also entering the country from Belarusian territory. The Ukrainian Border Force reported attacks on sites in Luhansk, Sumy, Kharkiv, Chernihiv, and Zhytomyr, as well as from Crimea. The Ukrainian interior ministry reported that Russian forces captured the villages of Horodyshche and Milove in Luhansk. The Ukrainian Centre for Strategic Communication reported that the Ukrainian army repelled an attack near Shchastia (near Luhansk) and retook control of the town, claiming nearly 50 casualties from the Russian side. After being offline for an hour, the Ukrainian Defence Ministry's website was restored, and declared that it had shot down five planes and one helicopter in Luhansk. Shortly before 07:00 (UTC+2), Zelenskyy announced the introduction of martial law in Ukraine. Zelenskyy also announced that Russia–Ukraine relations were being severed, effective immediately. Russian missiles targeted Ukrainian infrastructure, including Boryspil International Airport, Ukraine's largest airport, east of Kyiv. A military unit in Podilsk was attacked by Russian forces, resulting in six deaths and seven wounded. Another person was killed in the city of Mariupol. A house in Chuhuiv was damaged by Russian artillery; its occupants were injured and one boy died. Eighteen people were killed by Russian bombing in the village of in Odesa Oblast. At 10:00 (UTC+2), it was reported during the briefing of the Ukrainian presidential administration that Russian troops had invaded Ukraine from the north (up to south of the border). Russian troops were said to be active in Kharkiv Oblast, in Chernihiv Oblast, and near Sumy. Zelenskyy's press service also reported that Ukraine had repulsed an attack in Volyn Oblast. At 10:30 (UTC+2), the Ukrainian Defence Ministry reported that Russian troops in Chernihiv Oblast had been stopped, a major battle near Kharkiv was in progress, and Mariupol and Shchastia had been fully reclaimed. The Ukrainian military claimed that six Russian planes, two helicopters, and dozens of armoured vehicles had been destroyed. Russia denied having lost any aircraft or armoured vehicles. Ukrainian commander-in-chief Valerii Zaluzhnyi published photos of two captured Russian soldiers saying they were from the Russian 423rd Guards Yampolsky Motor Rifle Regiment (military unit 91701). Russia's 74th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade recon platoon surrendered near Chernihiv. In the Battle of Antonov Airport, Russian airborne troops seized the Hostomel Airport in Hostomel, a suburb of Kyiv, after being transported by helicopters early in the morning; a Ukrainian counteroffensive to recapture the airport was launched later in the day. The Rapid Response Brigade of the Ukrainian National Guard stated that it had fought at the airfield, shooting down three of 34 Russian helicopters. Belarus allowed Russian troops to invade Ukraine from the north. At 11:00 (UTC+2), Ukrainian border guards reported a border breach in Vilcha (Kyiv Oblast), and border guards in Zhytomyr Oblast were bombarded by Russian rocket launchers (presumably BM-21 Grad). A helicopter without markings reportedly bombed Slavutych border guards position from Belarus. At 11:30 (UTC+2), a second wave of Russian missile bombings targeted the cities of Kyiv, Odessa, Kharkiv, and Lviv. Heavy ground fighting was reported in the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts. By 12:04 (UTC+2), Russian troops advancing from Crimea moved towards the city of Nova Kakhovka in Kherson Oblast. Later that day, Russian troops entered the city of Kherson and took control of the North Crimean Canal, which would allow them to resume water supplies for the peninsula. At 13:00 and 13:19 (UTC+2), Ukrainian border guards and Armed Forces reported two new clashes—near Sumy ("in the direction of Konotop") and Starobilsk (Luhansk Oblast). At 13:32 (UTC+2), Valerii Zaluzhnyi reported four ballistic missiles launched from the territory of Belarus in a southwestern direction. Several stations of Kyiv Metro and Kharkiv Metro were used as bomb shelters for the local population. A local hospital in Vuhledar (Donetsk Oblast) was reported to have been bombed with four civilians dead and 10 wounded (including 6 physicians). At 16:00 (UTC+2), Zelenskyy said that fighting between Russian and Ukrainian forces had erupted in the ghost cities of Chernobyl and Pripyat. By around 18:20 (UTC+2), the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant was under Russian control, as were the surrounding areas. At 16:18 (UTC+2), Vitali Klitschko, the mayor of Kyiv, proclaimed a curfew lasting from 22:00 to 07:00. At 22:00 (UTC+2), the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine announced that Russian forces had captured Snake Island following a naval and air bombardment of the island. All thirteen border guards on the island were assumed to have been killed in the bombardment, after refusing to surrender to a Russian warship; a recording of the guards refusing an offer to surrender went viral on social media. President Zelenskyy announced that the presumed-dead border guards would be posthumously granted the title of Hero of Ukraine, the country's highest honour. Seventeen civilians were confirmed killed, including thirteen killed in Southern Ukraine, three in Mariupol, and one in Kharkiv. Zelenskyy stated that 137 Ukrainian citizens (both soldiers and civilians) died on the first day of the invasion. Shortly after 23:00 (UTC+2), President Zelenskyy ordered a general mobilisation of all Ukrainian males between 18 and 60 years old; for the same reason, Ukrainian males from that age group were banned from leaving Ukraine. 25 February Around 04:00 (UTC+2) local time, Kyiv was rocked with two explosions from cruise and ballistic missiles. The Ukrainian government said that it had shot down an enemy aircraft over Kyiv, which then crashed into a residential building, setting it on fire. It was later confirmed that the aircraft was a Ukrainian Su-27. Independent military analysts noted that Russian forces in the north of the country appeared to have been heavily engaged by the Ukrainian military. Russian units were attempting to encircle Kyiv and advance into Kharkiv but were bogged down in heavy fighting, with social media images suggesting that some Russian armoured columns had been ambushed. In contrast, Russian operations in the east and south were more effective. The best trained and equipped Russian units were positioned outside Donbas in the southeast and appeared to have maneuvered around the prepared defensive trenches and attacked in the rear of Ukrainian defensive positions. Meanwhile, Russian military forces advancing from Crimea were divided into two columns, with analysts suggesting that they may have been attempting to encircle and entrap the Ukrainian defenders at Donbas, forcing the Ukrainians to abandon their prepared defences and fight in the open. On the morning of 25 February, Zelenskyy accused Russia of targeting civilian sites; Ukrainian Interior Ministry representative Vadym Denysenko said that 33 civilian sites had been hit in the previous 24 hours. Ukraine's Defence Ministry stated that Russian forces had entered the district of Obolon, Kyiv, and were approximately from the Verkhovna Rada building. Some Russian forces had entered northern Kyiv, but had not progressed beyond that. Russia's Spetsnaz troops infiltrated the city with the intention of "hunting" government officials. A Russian tank from a military column was filmed crushing a civilian car in northern Kyiv, veering across the road to crush it. The car driver, an elderly man, survived and was helped out by locals. Ukrainian authorities reported that a non-critical increase in radiation, exceeding control levels, had been detected at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant after Russian troops had occupied the area, saying that this was due to the movement of heavy military vehicles lifting radioactive dust into the air. Russia claimed that it was defending the plant from nationalistic and terrorist groups, and that staff were monitoring radiation levels at the site. The mayor of Horlivka in the Russian-backed Donetsk People's Republic reported that a munition fired by the Ukrainian military hit a local school building, killing two teachers. As Russian troops approached Kyiv, Zelenskyy asked residents to prepare Molotov cocktails to "neutralise" the enemy. Putin meanwhile called on the Ukrainian military to overthrow the government. Ukraine distributed 18,000 guns to Kyiv residents who expressed a willingness to fight and deployed the Territorial Defence Forces, the reserve component of the Ukrainian military, for the defence of Kyiv. The Defence Ministry also announced that all Ukrainian civilians were eligible to volunteer for military service regardless of their age. By the evening, the Pentagon stated that Russia had not established air supremacy of Ukrainian airspace, which US analysts had predicted would happen quickly after hostilities began. Ukrainian air defence capabilities had been degraded by Russian attacks, but remained operational. Military aircraft from both nations continued to fly over Ukraine. The Pentagon also said that Russian troops were also not advancing as quickly as either US intelligence or Moscow believed they would, that Russia had not taken any population centres, and that Ukrainian command and control was still intact. The Pentagon warned that Russia had sent into Ukraine only 30 percent of the 150,000–190,000 troops it had massed at the border. Reports circulated of a Ukrainian missile attack against the Millerovo air base in Russia, to prevent the base being used to provide air support to Russian troops in Ukraine. Zelenskyy indicated that the Ukrainian government was not "afraid to talk about neutral status". On the same day, President Putin indicated to the president of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping that "Russia is willing to conduct high-level negotiations with Ukraine". 26 February At 00:00 UTC, heavy fighting was reported to the south of Kyiv, near the city of Vasylkiv and its air base. The Ukrainian General Staff claimed that a Ukrainian Su-27 fighter had shot down a Russian Il-76 transport plane carrying paratroopers near the city. Vasylkiv mayor Natalia Balasinovich said her city had been successfully defended by Ukrainian forces and the fighting was ending. Around 03:00, more than 48 explosions in 30 minutes were reported around Kyiv, as the Ukrainian military was reported to be fighting near the CHP-6 power station in the northern neighbourhood of Troieshchyna. BBC News reported the attack may be an attempt to cut off electricity to the city. Heavy fighting was reported near the Kyiv Zoo and the Shuliavka neighbourhood. Early on 26 February, the Ukrainian military said it had repelled a Russian attack on an army base located on Peremohy Avenue, a main road in Kyiv; it also claimed to have repelled a Russian assault on the city of Mykolaiv on the Black Sea. American officials said a Russian Il-76 transport plane had been shot down by Ukrainian forces near Bila Tserkva, about south of Kyiv. President Zelenskyy, remaining in Kyiv, had refused US offers of evacuation, instead requesting more ammunition for Ukrainian troops. Hundreds of casualties were reported during overnight fighting in Kyiv, where shelling destroyed an apartment building, bridges, and schools. The Russian defence ministry said it had captured Melitopol, near the Sea of Azov, although UK minister James Heappey questioned this claim. At 11:00, the Ukrainian General Staff reported that its aircraft had conducted 34 sorties in the past 24 hours, indicating that Russia had continued to, unexpectedly, fail to gain air superiority. By the afternoon, most of the Russian forces that had amassed around Ukraine were fighting in the country. Mayor Klitschko of Kyiv imposed a curfew from 5 p.m. Saturday until 8 a.m. Monday, warning that anyone outside during that time would be considered enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups. Internet connections were disrupted in parts of Ukraine, particularly in the south and east. In response to a request from Mykhailo Fedorov, the Vice-Prime Minister of Ukraine, Elon Musk announced that he had turned on his Starlink service in Ukraine, with "more terminals en route". Ukrainian Interior Ministry representative Vadym Denysenko stated that Russian forces had advanced further towards Enerhodar and the Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Plant. He stated that they were deploying Grad missiles there and warned that they may attack the plant. The Zaporizhia Regional State Administration stated that the Russian forces advancing on Enerhodar had later returned to Bolshaya Belozerka, a village located from the city, on the same day. A Japanese-owned cargo ship, the MV Namura Queen with 20 crew members onboard was struck by a Russian missile in the Black Sea. A Moldovan ship, MV Millennial Spirit, was also shelled by a Russian warship, causing serious injuries. Ramzan Kadyrov, the head of the Chechen Republic, confirmed that the Kadyrovtsy, units loyal to the Chechen Republic, had been deployed into Ukraine as well. CNN obtained footage of a Russian TOS-1 system, which carries thermobaric weapons, near the Ukrainian border. Western officials warned such weapons would cause indiscriminate violence. The Russian military had used these kind of weapons in the First Chechen War in the 1990s. A six-year-old boy was killed and multiple others were wounded when artillery fire hit the Okhmatdyt Children's Hospital in Kyiv. The Ukrainian military claimed to have blown up a convoy of 56 tankers in Chernihiv Oblast carrying diesel for Russian forces. By the end of the day, Russian forces had failed in their attempts to encircle and isolate Kyiv, despite mechanised and airborne attacks. The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russia had committed its operational northern reserve of 17 battalion tactical groups (BTGs) after Ukrainian forces halted the advance of 14 BTGs to the north of Kyiv. Russia temporarily abandoned attempts to seize Chernihiv and Kharkiv after attacks were repelled by determined Ukrainian resistance, and bypassed those cities to continue towards Kyiv. In the south, Russia took Berdiansk and threatened to encircle Mariupol. The ISW said that poor planning and execution was leading to morale and logistical issues for the Russian military in northern Ukraine. US and UK officials reported that Russian forces faced shortages of gasoline and diesel, leading to tanks and armoured vehicles stalling and slowing their advance. Videos also emerged online of Russian tanks and armoured personnel carriers (APCs) stranded on the roadside. Russia continued to not use its full arsenal; the ISW said this was likely to avoid the diplomatic and public relations consequences of mass civilian casualties, as well as to avoid creating rubble that would impede the advance of its own forces. 27 February Overnight, a gas pipeline outside Kharkiv was reported to have been blown up by a Russian attack, while an oil depot in the village of Kriachky near Vasylkiv ignited after being hit by missiles. Heavy fighting near the Vasylkiv air base prevented firefighters from tackling the blaze. Also at night, it was reported that a group of Ukrainian Roma (gypsies) had seized a Russian tank in Liubymivka, close to Kakhovka, in the Kherson Oblast. Furthermore, the Presidential Office stated that Zhuliany Airport was also bombed. Russian-backed separatists in Luhansk province said that an oil terminal in the town of Rovenky was hit by a Ukrainian missile. The State Emergency Service of Ukraine rescued 80 people from a nine-story residential building in Kharkiv after Russian artillery hit the building, extensively damaging it and killing a woman. Nova Kakhovka's mayor, Vladimir Kovalenko, confirmed that the city had been seized by Russian troops, and he accused them of destroying the settlements of Kozatske and Vesele. Russian troops also entered Kharkiv, with fighting taking place in the city streets, including in the city centre. At the same time, Russian tanks started pushing into Sumy. Meanwhile, the Russian Defense Ministry announced that Russian forces had completely surrounded Kherson and Berdiansk, in addition to capturing Henichesk and Kherson International Airport in Chernobaevka. By the early afternoon, Kharkiv Oblast governor Oleh Synyehubov stated that Ukrainian forces had regained full control of Kharkiv, and Ukrainian authorities said that dozens of Russian troops in the city had surrendered. Hennadiy Matsegora, the mayor of Kupiansk, later agreed to hand over control of the city to Russian forces. Putin ordered Russian nuclear forces on a high alert, a "special regime of combat duty", in response to what he called "aggressive statements" by NATO members. This statement was met with harsh criticism from NATO, the EU, and the United Nations (UN); Secretary General of NATO Jens Stoltenberg described it as being "dangerous and irresponsible", while UN official Stéphane Dujarric called the idea of a nuclear war "inconceivable". Ukraine said that it would send a delegation to meet with a Russian delegation for talks in Gomel, Belarus. Zelenskyy's office said that they agreed to meet without preconditions. Zelenskyy also said that he talked by telephone with Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko and stated that he was promised that Belarusian troops would not be sent to Ukraine. According to the intelligence analyst firm Rochan Consulting, Russia had been able to connect Crimea with areas in eastern Ukraine held by pro-Russian forces by besieging Mariupol and Berdiansk. Oleksiy Arestovych, an advisor to President Zelenskyy, stated that Berdiansk had been captured by Russian forces. The main Russian force from the Crimea was advancing north towards Zaporizhzhia, while a Russian force on the east bank of the Dnipro threatened Mykolaiv. Russian forces were pushed back in Bucha and Irpin to the north-west of Kyiv. According to UK military intelligence, Russian mechanised forces had bypassed Chernihiv as they moved towards Kyiv. Luhansk Oblast governor Serhiy Haidai accused Russian forces of destroying Stanytsia Luhanska and Shchastia before capturing them, while Donetsk Oblast governor Pavlo Kyrylenko also accused them of destroying Volnovakha. The ISW said that Russian forces in northern Ukraine had likely conducted an "operational pause" starting the previous day in order to deploy additional forces and supplies; Russian military resources not previously part of the invasion force were being moved toward Ukraine in anticipation of a more difficult conflict than initially expected. 28 February Fighting took place around Mariupol throughout the night. On the morning of 28 February, the UK defence ministry said that most Russian ground forces remained over north of Kyiv, having been slowed by Ukrainian resistance at Hostomel Airport. It also said that fighting was taking place near Chernihiv and Kharkiv, and that both cities remained under Ukrainian control. Maxar Technologies released satellite images that showed a Russian column, including tanks and self-propelled artillery, traveling toward Kyiv. The firm initially stated that the convoy was approximately long, but clarified later that day that the column was actually more than in length. The Russian Defense Ministry announced the capture of Enerhodar, in addition to the surroundings of Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant. Ukraine denied that it had lost control of the plant. Enerhodar's mayor Dmitri Orlov denied that the city and the plant had been captured. The Times reported that the Wagner Group had been redeployed from Africa to Kyiv, with orders to assassinate Zelenskyy during the first days of the Russian invasion. Both the Ukrainian and Russian governments meanwhile accused each other of using human shields. Arestovych claimed that more than 200 Russian military vehicles had been destroyed or damaged on the highway between Irpin and Zhytomyr by 14:00 EET. Ihor Terekhov, the mayor of Kharkiv, stated that nine civilians were killed and 37 were wounded due to Russian shelling on the city during the day. Oksana Markarova, the Ukrainian ambassador to the US, accused Russia of using a vacuum bomb. Talks between Ukrainian and Russian representatives in Gomel, Belarus, ended without a breakthrough. As a condition for ending the invasion, Putin demanded Ukraine's neutrality, "denazification" and "demilitarisation", and recognition of Crimea, which had been annexed by Russia, as Russian territory. Russia increased strikes on Ukrainian airfields and logistics centres, particularly in the west, in an apparent attempt to ground the Ukrainian air force and disrupt resupply from nations to the west. In the north, ISW called the decision to use heavy artillery in Kharkiv "a dangerous inflection." Additional Russian forces and logistics columns in southern Belarus appeared to be maneuvering to support a Kyiv assault. An analyst with the Royal United Services Institute stated that the Ukrainian regular army is no longer functioning in formations but in largely fixed defenses, and was increasingly integrated with Territorial Defense Forces and armed volunteers. 1 March According to Dmytro Zhyvytskyi, the governor of Sumy Oblast, more than 70 Ukrainian soldiers were killed during Russian shelling of a military base in Okhtyrka. A Russian missile later hit the regional administration building on Freedom Square during a bombardment of Kharkiv, killing nine civilians, including three children, and wounding 37 others. In southern Ukraine, the city of Kherson was reported to be under attack by Russian forces. The Ukrainian government announced it would sell war bonds to fund its armed forces. There was disagreement between the US and Ukraine regarding Belarus's involvement in the invasion. Verkhovna Rada stated that the Armed Forces of Belarus had joined Russia's invasion and had entered the Chernihiv Oblast earlier that morning. UNIAN stated that a column of 33 military vehicles had entered the region. The US disagreed with these claims, saying that there was "no indication" that Belarus has invaded. Hours prior, Belarus's president Lukashenko said that Belarus would not join the war, and said that Russian troops were not attacking Ukraine from Belarusian territory. After Russia's Defense Ministry announced that it would hit targets to stop "information attacks", missiles struck broadcasting infrastructure for the primary television and radio transmitters in Kyiv, taking TV channels off the air. Ukrainian officials said the attack killed five people and damaged the nearby Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center, Ukraine's main Holocaust memorial. An official from the US Department of Defense stated that Russian forces captured Berdiansk and Melitopol. The official also stated that Russia launched approximately 400 missiles at Ukraine, whose anti-missile defences remain operational, that Russia has deployed launchers capable of firing thermobaric weapons but it is not known if thermobaric weapons are in Ukraine, that approximately 80% of the Russian forces that surrounded Ukraine are inside the country, and that some Russian units have either run out of food and fuel, or surrendered. 2 March Guerilla hackers in Ukraine will fight Russia through cyber-attacks. Foreign military support to Ukraine Under the leadership of Viktor Yanukovych, the Ukrainian military had deteriorated. It was further weakened following Yanukovych's fall and his succession by West-looking leaders. Subsequently, a number of Ukraine's allies began providing military aid to rebuild its military forces. This assisted the Ukrainian military to improve its quality, with the Ukrainian army achieving noticeable successes against Russian proxy forces in Donbas. Notably, the Ukrainian armed forces have begun acquiring Turkey's Bayraktar TB2 unmanned combat aerial vehicles since 2019, which was first used in October 2021 to target Russian separatist artillery position in Donbas. As Russia began building up its equipment and troops on Ukraine's borders, NATO member states increased the rate of weapons delivery. US president Joe Biden used Presidential Drawdown Authorities in August and December 2021 to provide $260 million in aid. These included deliveries of FGM-148 Javelins and other anti-armour weapons, small arms, various calibres of ammunition, and other equipment. Following the invasion, nations began making further commitments of arms deliveries. Belgium, the Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Greece, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the UK announced that they would send supplies to support and defend the Ukrainian military and government. On 24 February, Poland delivered some military supplies to Ukraine, including 100 mortars, various ammunition, and over 40,000 helmets. While some of the 30 members of NATO are sending weapons, NATO as an organisation is not. In January 2022, Germany ruled out sending weapons to Ukraine and prevented Estonia, through export controls on German-made arms, from sending former East German D-30 howitzers to Ukraine. Germany announced it was sending 5,000 helmets and a field hospital to Ukraine, to which Kyiv mayor Vitali Klitschko derisively responded: "What will they send next? Pillows?" On 26 February, in a reversal of its previous position, Germany approved the Netherlands' request to send 400 rocket-propelled grenades to Ukraine, as well as 500 Stinger missiles and 1,000 anti-tank weapons from its own supplies. On 27 February, the EU agreed to purchase weapons for Ukraine collectively. EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell stated that it would purchase €450 million (US$502 million) in lethal assistance and an additional €50 million ($56 million) in non-lethal supplies. Borrell said that EU defence ministers still needed to determine the details of how to purchase the materiel and transfer it to Ukraine, but that Poland had agreed to act as a distribution hub. Borrell also stated that they intended to supply Ukraine with fighter jets that they are already able to pilot. These would not be paid for through the €450 million assistance package. Poland, Bulgaria, and Slovakia have MiG-29s and Slovakia also has Su-25s, which are fighter jets that Ukraine already flies and can be transferred without pilot training. On 1 March, Poland, Slovakia, and Bulgaria confirmed they would not provide fighter jets to Ukraine. On 26 February, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced that he had authorised $350 million in lethal military assistance, including "anti-armor and anti-aircraft systems, small arms and various caliber munitions, body armor, and related equipment". Russia claimed that US drones gave intelligence to the Ukrainian navy to help target its warships in the Black Sea, which the US denied. On 27 February, Portugal announced that it would send H&K G3 automatic rifles and other military equipment. Sweden and Denmark both decided to send 5,000 and 2,700 anti-tank weapons, respectively, to Ukraine. Denmark would also provide parts from 300 non-operational Stinger missiles, that the US would first help make operational. The Norwegian government, initially saying it would not send weapons to Ukraine but would send other military equipment like helmets and protective gear, announced on the evening of 28 February that it would also donate up to 2,000 M72 LAW anti-tank weapons to Ukraine. In a similarly major policy shift for a neutral country, Finland announced that it would send 2,500 assault rifles together with 150,000 rounds, 1,500 single-shot antitank weapons and 70,000 combat-ration packages, to add to the bulletproof vests, helmets, and medical supplies already announced. Humanitarian impact Casualties Refugees Due to the continued military build-up along the Ukrainian border, many neighbouring governments and aid organisations have been preparing for a potential mass displacement event for weeks prior to the actual invasion. The Ukrainian Defence Minister estimated in December 2021 that an invasion could potentially force between three and five million people to flee their homes. It was reported that Ukrainian border guards did not permit a number of non-Ukrainians (many of them foreign students stuck in the country) to cross the border into neighbouring safe nations, claiming that priority was being given to Ukrainian citizens to cross first. The Ukrainian Foreign Minister said there were no restrictions on foreign citizens leaving Ukraine, and that the border force had been told to allow all foreign citizens to leave. According to Bal Kaur Sandhu, General Secretary of Khalsa Aid, Indian students trying to leave Ukraine faced serious difficulties and discrimination when attempting to cross the border, were subjected to violence and "have quite verbally been told that your government is not supporting us, we are not supporting you." Numbers and countries In the first four days after the invasion, more than a half-million Ukrainians fled the country as refugees, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. About 281,000 went to Poland, almost 85,000 to Hungary, at least 36,390 to Moldova, more than 32,500 to Romania, 30,000 to Slovakia, and about 34,600 to various other countries. Citing UN estimates, Janez Lenarčič, the EU Commissioner for Crisis Management, said on 27 February that a "very rough" estimate of the ultimate total number of displaced Ukrainians would be 18 million (4 million refugees, and 7 million internally displaced persons). On 24 February, the Government of Latvia approved a contingency plan to receive and accommodate approximately 10,000 refugees from Ukraine, and two days later the first refugees, assisted by the Latvian Samaritan Association, began arriving. Several non-governmental organizations, municipalities, schools and institutions also pledged to provide accommodation. On 27 February, around 20 volunteer professional drivers departed to Lublin with donated supplies, bringing Ukrainian refugees to Latvia on their way back. To facilitate border crossings, Poland as well as Romania lifted COVID-19 entry rules. The government of Hungary announced on 24 February that all persons crossing the border from Ukraine, those without a travel document and arriving from third countries would also be admitted after appropriate screening. Prime Minister Viktor Orbán said that Hungary is a "friendly place" for people arriving from Ukraine. Many of the Ukrainians who fled to Hungary were Transcarpathian Hungarians; none of them requested any form of protection. Men between the age of 18 and 60 were denied from leaving Ukraine. Ukrainian refugees started crossing into Romania as well. Most of them entered through Siret in Suceava County. In the first three days after the invasion, 31,000 Ukrainians entered Romania, of which only 111 requested some form of protection. Many used the Romanian or Ukrainian passport they held, preferring not to seek asylum for the time being. Romania's Interior Ministry approved on 26 February the installation of the first mobile camp near the Siret customs. А large group of refugees is also expected in Bulgaria. Various municipalities announced their intentions to provide accommodations for Bulgarians and Ukrainians fleeing the country on 25 February, and had begun to modify and/or build housing locations for new arrivals. On 26 February, Slovakia announced that they would give money to people who supported Ukrainian refugees. Over the previous 24 hour period, Slovakia had received over 10,000 refugees, mostly women and children. International organizations On 27 February, the EU agreed to take in Ukrainian refugees for up to three years without asking them to apply for asylum. EU ministers asked Home Affairs Commissioner Ylva Johansson to prepare plans for invoking the Temporary Protection Directive, which would be the first time that the directive has ever been invoked. Most countries of the Schengen Area, including Poland, Germany, and Switzerland, have waived passport requirements for Ukrainians fleeing the war zone. War crimes The invasion of Ukraine violates the Charter of the United Nations and constitutes a crime of aggression according to international criminal law; the crime of aggression can be prosecuted under universal jurisdiction. The invasion also violates the Rome Statute, which prohibits "the invasion or attack by the armed forces of a State of the territory of another State, or any military occupation, however temporary, resulting from such invasion or attack, or any annexation by the use of force of the territory of another State or part thereof". Ukraine has not ratified the Rome Statute and Russia withdrew its signature from it in 2016. On 25 February, Amnesty International said that it had collected and analysed evidence showing that Russia had violated international humanitarian law, including attacks that could amount to war crimes; it also said that Russian claims to be only using precision-guided weapons were false. Amnesty and Human Rights Watch said that Russian forces had carried out indiscriminate attacks on civilian areas and strikes on hospitals, including firing a 9M79 Tochka ballistic missile with a cluster munition warhead towards a hospital in Vuhledar, which killed four civilians and wounded ten others, including six healthcare staff. Dmytro Zhyvytskyi, the governor of Sumy Oblast, said that at least six Ukrainians, including a seven-year-old girl, had died in a Russian attack on Okhtyrka on 26 February, and that a kindergarten and orphanage had been hit. Ukrainian foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba called for the International Criminal Court (ICC) to investigate the incident. On 27 February, Ukraine filed a lawsuit against the Russian Federation before the International Court of Justice for violation of the Genocide Convention of 1948. On 28 February, Karim Ahmad Khan, the chief prosecutor of the ICC, said there was a "reasonable basis" for allegations of war crimes and crimes against humanity. On 28 February, a diplomatic crisis within Greece–Russia relations was sparked when the latter's air forces bombarded two villages of ethnic minority Greeks in Ukraine near Mariupol, killing twelve Greeks. Greece protested strongly, summoning the Russian ambassador. French president Emmanuel Macron and US Secretary of State Antony Blinken, along with Germany, and other countries, expressed their condolences to Greece. Russian authorities denied responsibility. Greek authorities stated that they had evidence of Russian involvement. In response, Greek prime minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis announced that his country would send defensive military equipment and humanitarian aid to support Ukraine. On 28 February, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch denounced the use of cluster munitions and thermobaric weapons by Russian invasion forces in Ukraine. The use of cluster munitions in war is prohibited by the Convention on Cluster Munitions of 2008. Russia and Ukraine are not part of such convention. On 1 March, President Zelenskyy said there was evidence that civilian areas had been targeted during a Russian artillery bombardment of Kharkiv earlier that day, and described it as a war crime. Ramifications Sanctions Western countries, US and EU's allies, and others, began imposing limited sanctions on Russia when it recognised the independence of Donbas. With the commencement of attacks on 24 February, large numbers of additional countries began applying sanctions with the aim of crippling the Russian economy. The sanctions were wide-ranging, targeting individuals, banks, businesses, monetary exchanges, bank transfers, exports, and imports. In a 22 February speech, US president Joe Biden announced restrictions against four Russian banks, including V.E.B., as well as on corrupt billionaires close to Putin. The US also instituted export controls, a novel sanction focused on restricting Russian access to high-tech components, both hardware and software, made with any parts or intellectual property from the US. The sanction required that any person or company that wanted to sell technology, semiconductors, encryption software, lasers, or sensors to Russia request a licence, which by default was denied. The enforcement mechanism involved sanctions against the person or company, with the sanctions focused on the shipbuilding, aerospace, and defence industries. UK prime minister Boris Johnson announced that all major Russian banks would have their assets frozen and be excluded from the UK financial system, and that some export licenses to Russia would be suspended. He also introduced a deposit limit for Russian citizens in UK bank accounts, and froze the assets of over 100 additional individuals and entities. German chancellor Olaf Scholz indefinitely blocked the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline in response to the Russian invasion of Donbas. Nord Stream 2 has become insolvent as a result. The foreign ministers of the Baltic states called for Russia to be cut off from SWIFT, the global messaging network for international payments. Other EU member states had initially been reluctant to do this, both because European lenders held most of the nearly $30 billion in foreign banks' exposure to Russia and because China had developed an alternative to SWIFT called CIPS; a weaponisation of SWIFT would provide greater impetus to the development of CIPS which, in turn, could weaken SWIFT as well as the West's control over international finance. Other leaders calling for Russia to be stopped from accessing SWIFT include Czech president Miloš Zeman, and UK prime minister Boris Johnson. Germany in particular had resisted calls for Russia to be banned from SWIFT, citing the effect it would have on payments for Russian gas and oil; on 26 February, the German foreign minister Annalena Baerbock and economy minister Robert Habeck made a joint statement backing targeted restrictions of Russia from SWIFT. Shortly thereafter, it was announced that major Russian banks would be removed from SWIFT, although there would still be limited accessibility to ensure the continued ability to pay for gas shipments. Furthermore, it was announced that the West would place sanctions on the Russian Central Bank, which holds $630bn in foreign reserves, to prevent it from liquidating assets to offset the impact of sanctions. Faisal Islam of BBC News stated that the measures were far from normal sanctions and were "better seen as a form of economic war." The intent of the sanctions was to push Russia into a deep recession with the likelihood of bank runs and hyperinflation. Islam noted that targeting a G20 central bank in this way had never been done before. Deputy Chairman of the Security Council of Russia and former president Dmitry Medvedev derided Western sanctions imposed on Russia, including personal sanctions, and commented that they were a sign of "political impotence" from NATO's withdrawal from Afghanistan, saying they increased government support; he threatened to nationalise foreign assets that companies held inside Russia. On the morning of 24 February, Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, announced "massive" EU sanctions to be adopted by the union. The sanctions targeted technological transfers, Russian banks, and Russian assets. Josep Borrell, the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, stated that Russia would face "unprecedented isolation" as the EU would impose the "harshest package of sanctions [which the union has] ever implemented". He also said that "these are among the darkest hours of Europe since the Second World War". President of the European Parliament Roberta Metsola called for "immediate, quick, solid and swift action" and convened an extraordinary session of Parliament for 1 March. On 25 February, the Federated States of Micronesia severed its diplomatic ties with the Russian Federation in response to the invasion. On 26 February, the French Navy intercepted Russian cargo ship Baltic Leader in the English Channel. The ship was suspected of belonging to a company targeted by the sanctions. The ship was escorted to the port of Boulogne-sur-Mer and was being investigated. The UK banned the Russian airline and flag carrier Aeroflot as well as Russian private jets from UK airspace. On 25 February, Poland, Bulgaria, and the Czech Republic announced that they would close their airspace to Russian airlines; Estonia followed suit the next day. In response, Russia banned British airplanes from its airspace. S7 Airlines, Russia's largest domestic carrier, announced that it was cancelling all flights to Europe, and US carrier Delta Air Lines announced that it was suspending ties with Aeroflot. Russia further banned from its airspace all flights from carriers in Bulgaria, Poland, and the Czech Republic. Estonia, Romania, Lithuania, and Latvia announced they would also ban Russian airlines from their airspace. Germany also banned Russian aircraft from its airspace. On 27 February, the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that it had closed Portuguese airspace to Russian planes. The same day, the EU announced that it would close its airspace to Russian aircraft. On 26 February, two Chinese state banks—the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, which is the largest bank in the world, and the Bank of China, which is the country's biggest currency trader—were limiting financing to purchase Russian raw materials, which was limiting Russian access to foreign currency. On 27 February, Ignazio Cassis, the president of the Swiss Confederation, announced that the Swiss government was very likely to sanction Russia and to freeze all Russian assets in the country. On February 28, Switzerland froze a number of Russian assets and joined EU sanctions. According to Cassis, the decision was unprecedented but consistent with Swiss neutrality. On that same day, Monaco adopted economic sanctions and procedures for freezing funds identical to those taken by most European states. On 28 February, Singapore became the first Southeast Asian country to impose sanctions on Russia by restricting banks and transactions linked to Russia; the move was described by the South China Morning Post as being "almost unprecedented". The same day, South Korea announced it would participate in the SWIFT ban against Russia, as well as announcing an export ban on strategic materials covered by the "Big 4" treaties to which Korea belongs—the Nuclear Suppliers Group, the Wassenaar Arrangement, the Australia Group, and the Missile Technology Control Regime; in addition, 57 non-strategic materials, including semiconductors, IT equipment, sensors, lasers, maritime equipment, and aerospace equipment, were planned to be included in the export ban "soon". On 28 February, Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced that Turkey would limit Russian access to the Black Sea. On February 28, Japan also announced its central bank would join sanctions, limiting transactions with Russia's central bank, as well as by imposing sanctions on Belarusian organizations and individuals, including president Aleksandr Lukashenko, adding that the country had "evident involvement in the invasion" of Ukraine. According to The Wall Street Journal, payments for energy raw materials have been largely spared from these measures. On 28 February, the Central Bank of Russia was blocked from accessing more than $400 billion in foreign-exchange reserves held abroad. Sergei Aleksashenko, the former Russian deputy finance minister, said: "This is a kind of financial nuclear bomb that is falling on Russia." European Union foreign affairs chief Josep Borrell said that Western nations "cannot block the reserves of the Russian central bank in Moscow or in China". Economic impact In Russia, the economic sanctions had an immediate effect. The Russian stock market crashed, falling 39%, as measured by the RTS Index, on the first day of the invasion, with similar falls in the following days. The Russian ruble fell to record lows, as Russians rushed to exchange money. Stock exchanges in Moscow and St Petersburg were suspended. On 26 February, S&P Global Ratings downgraded the Russian government credit rating to "junk", potentially forcing funds that require investment-grade bonds to dump Russian debt. The Central Bank of Russia announced its first market interventions since the 2014 annexation of Crimea to stabilise the market. It also raised interest rates to 20% and banned foreigners from selling local securities. According to a former deputy chairman of the Russian central bank, the sanctions put the Russian National Wealth Fund at risk of disappearing. On 28 February, with the value of the Russian ruble and the share prices for Russian equities falling on major exchanges, Moscow's MOEX exchange was closed for the day. As of 28 February, the price of Russia's credit default swaps signaled about a 56% chance of default. In Ukraine, the National Bank suspended currency markets, announcing that it would fix the official exchange rate. The central bank also limited cash withdrawals to 100,000 hryvnia per day and prohibited withdrawal in foreign currencies by members of the general public. The PFTS Stock Exchange stated on 24 February that trading was suspended due to the emergency events. As a result of the invasion, Brent oil prices rose above $100 a barrel for the first time since 2014. The invasion threatened the energy supply from Russia to Europe and could impact flows through pipelines such as Yamal-Europe, Nord Stream and TurkStream, causing European countries to seek to diversify their energy supply routes. Wheat prices surged to their highest prices since 2008 in response to the attack. At the time of the invasion Ukraine was the fourth-largest exporter of corn and wheat and the world's largest exporter of sunflower oil, with Russia and Ukraine together exporting 29% of the world's wheat supply and 75% of world sunflower oil exports. The benchmark Chicago Board of Trade March wheat futures contract reached its highest price since 2012 on 25 February, with the prices of corn and soybean also spiking. The American Bakers Association president warned that the price of anything made with grain would begin rising as all the grain markets are interrelated. The chief agricultural economist for Wells Fargo stated that Ukraine would likely be severely limited in its ability to plant crops in spring 2022 and lose an agricultural year, while an embargo on Russian crops would create more inflation of food prices. Recovering crop production capabilities may take years, even after fighting has stopped. Surging wheat prices resulting from the conflict have strained countries such as Egypt, which are highly dependent upon Russian and Ukrainian wheat exports, and have provoked fears of social unrest. On 24 February, China announced that it would drop all restrictions on Russian wheat, in what the South China Morning Post called a potential "lifeline" for the Russian economy. Kristalina Georgieva, the managing director of the International Monetary Fund, warned that the conflict posed a substantial economic risk for the region and internationally and added that the Fund could help other countries impacted by the conflict, complementary to a $2.2 billion loan package being prepared to assist Ukraine. David Malpass, the president of the World Bank Group, said that the conflict would have far-reaching economic and social effects and reported that the bank was preparing options for significant economic and fiscal support to Ukrainians and the region. On 27 February, BP, one of the world's seven largest oil and gas companies and the single largest foreign investor in Russia, announced it was divesting from Rosneft. The Rosneft interest comprises about half of BP's oil and gas reserves and a third of its production. The divestment may cost the company up to $25 billion and analysts noted that it was unlikely that BP would be able to recover anywhere near the value of Rosneft. The same day, the Government Pension Fund of Norway, the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, announced that it would divest itself from its Russian assets. The fund owned about 25 billion Norwegian krone ($2.83 billion) in Russian company shares and government bonds. The next day, Shell plc also announced that it would be pulling its investments in Russia. On 1 March 2022, the Italian energy company ENI announced that it would cancel its investments into the Blue Stream pipeline. On 1 March, the shipping company, Maersk, suspended all container shipments to Russia, excluding foodstuffs, and medical and humanitarian supplies. Despite unprecedented international sanctions against Russia, payments for energy raw materials have been largely spared from these measures. Likewise food is unlikely to be part of sanctions because it affects the common man. Russia and Ukraine are major producers of wheat that is exported through the Bosporus to Mediterranean and North African countries. Both energy production and food supplies are essential in maintaining global peace and stability. North Crimean Canal Following Russia's annexation of Crimea, Ukraine blocked the North Crimean Canal, which provided 85% of Crimea's drinking water. On 24 February, the first day of the invasion, Russian troops advancing from Crimea established control over the North Crimean Canal. Sergey Aksyonov, the head of the Republic of Crimea, told local authorities to prepare the canal to receive water from the Dnieper river and resume the supply of water, which was planned for the following day. On 26 February, the concrete dam was reportedly destroyed by an explosion and the water supply was resumed. Media depictions Throughout the invasion, messages, videos and photos, and audio recordings were widely shared across social media and news sites and by friends and family of Ukrainian and Russian citizens. While many were authentic, first-hand images of the conflict, others were images and videos of past conflicts and events or were otherwise misleading. Some of these were created to spread disinformation or propaganda. Facebook allowed Ukrainian users to lock their pages after the US warned that Russia was creating kill lists of Ukrainians. Twitter paused post recommendations for unfollowed accounts in Russia and Ukraine, and temporarily halted the operations of its advertising platform within the two countries. Censorship and propaganda Both Zelenskyy and his wife Olena have used social media to post statements, videos and photos in attempts to motivate both the Ukrainian citizens and the rest of the world against the invasion. Many have made videos and posts highlighting comments made by Zelenskyy to show support of his efforts and attempting to aid Ukrainians fighting against the invasion. The Russian censorship apparatus Roskomnadzor ordered the country's media to only employ information from Russian state sources or face fines and blocks, accusing a number of independent media outlets of spreading "unreliable socially significant untrue information" about the shelling of Ukrainian cities by the Russian army and civilian deaths. The Russian government ordered media organizations to delete stories that describe the Russian invasion of Ukraine as an "assault", "invasion", or a "declaration of war". Roskomnadzor launched an investigation against the Novaya Gazeta, Echo of Moscow, inoSMI, MediaZona, New Times, Dozhd (TV Rain), and other Russian media outlets for publishing "inaccurate information about the shelling of Ukrainian cities and civilian casualties in Ukraine as a result of the actions of the Russian Army." Russian state-controlled media, such as Russia-1 and Channel One, and pro-Kremlin TV pundits like Vladimir Solovyov mostly followed the government's narrative on the war. RT, a Russian state-controlled television network, was banned in Poland and suspended by television service providers in Australia, Canada, and Gibraltar. Many RT journalists resigned from RT following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. On 25 February, Russia announced that it was limiting access to Facebook; Russia's Foreign Ministry and the Prosecutor General's office announced that Facebook violates the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation. The company stated it had refused a Russian demand to stop fact-checking the posts made by four state-owned media organisations: Zvezda, RIA Novosti, Lenta.ru, and Gazeta.Ru. On 26 February, Facebook announced that it would ban Russian state media from advertising and monetising content on its platform. Russia restricted access to Twitter later that day. Facebook uncovered a Russian disinformation campaign using fake accounts, and attempts to hack the accounts of high-profile Ukrainians, which could be used to spread misinformation to large numbers of followers. On 28 February, Russian teachers received detailed instructions on how to talk to students about the invasion of Ukraine. The Mayakovsky Theatre in Moscow received a government email "to refrain from any comments on the course of military actions in Ukraine", warning that any negative comments would be "regarded as treason against the Motherland". On 1 March, Russia's Communication Regulator made demands for TikTok to stop including military-related content in recommended posts to minors, claiming much of the content was anti-Russian. Also on 1 March, YouTube announced that it would block Russian state-linked channels, including those of RT and Sputnik, across Europe, to prevent Russian disinformation. The same day, Russian authorities blocked access to Echo of Moscow and Dozhd, Russia's last independent TV station, claiming that they were spreading "deliberately false information about the actions of Russian military personnel" as well as "information calling for extremist activity" and "violence". Also on that day, Roskomnadzor threatened to block access to the Russian Wikipedia in Russia over the article "Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022". Poskomnadzor claimed that the article contains "illegally distributed information", including "reports about numerous casualties among service personnel of the Russian Federation and also the civilian population of Ukraine, including children." Reactions United Nations UN Secretary-General António Guterres urged Russia to immediately end aggression in Ukraine, while the French and US ambassadors announced that they would present a resolution to the UN Security Council on 25 February 2022. The UK, the US, Canada, and the EU labelled the attack as unprovoked and unjustified, and promised harsh sanctions on Russian individuals, businesses, and assets. On 25 February, Russia vetoed a Security Council draft resolution "deploring, in the strongest terms, the Russian Federation's aggression", as expected. Eleven countries voted in favour, and three abstained, among them China, India, and the United Arab Emirates. On 27 February, the UN Security Council voted to hold an emergency special session of the UN General Assembly to vote on a similar resolution. The eleventh ever special session was convened on 28 February, with speeches by members expected to last several days. During a meeting of the UN Human Rights Council on 1 March, over 100 diplomats walked out in protest over a speech by Sergei Lavrov. NATO Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, member states of NATO were without a common enemy. Subsequently, cohesion among member states declined, with many reducing their defence spending and drawing down their forces along the border with Russia. NATO had attempted to improve the situation by setting a defence spending target of 2% of GDP for each of its members; however, most member states had not met the target as of 2022. The invasion of Ukraine had an immediate effect on this situation with NATO states boosting their defence budgets and sending personnel and equipment to the border. Poland, Romania, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia triggered NATO security consultations under Article 4. The Estonian government issued a statement by Prime Minister Kaja Kallas saying: "Russia's widespread aggression is a threat to the entire world and to all NATO countries, and NATO consultations on strengthening the security of the Allies must be initiated to implement additional measures for ensuring the defence of NATO Allies. The most effective response to Russia's aggression is unity." Jens Stoltenberg, the secretary general of NATO, vowed at a press conference in Brussels to send NATO troops to Poland in a matter of days following the Russian invasion. On 24 February, Stoltenberg announced new plans that "will enable us to deploy capabilities and forces, including the NATO Response Force, to where they are needed". Following the invasion, NATO announced plans to increase military deployments in the Baltics, Romania, and Poland. After the 25 February UN Security Council meeting, Stoltenberg announced that parts of the NATO Response Force would be deployed, for the first time ever, to NATO members along the Eastern border. He stated that forces would include elements of the Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF), currently led by France. Stoltenberg further stated that some NATO members are supplying weapons to Ukraine, including those for air defence. The US had announced on 24 February that it would be deploying 7,000 troops to join the 5,000 already in Europe. NATO forces include the USS Harry S. Trumans Carrier Strike Group 8, which entered the Mediterranean Sea the previous week as part of a planned exercise. The carrier strike group was placed under NATO command, the first time this had occurred since the Cold War. On 27 February, German chancellor Olaf Scholz announced 100 billion euros (US$113 billion) in new military spending, stating: "With the invasion of Ukraine, we are in a new era." Defense spending is set to rise to at least the target 2% of GDP expected of NATO members by 2024. During the Cold War, Finland and Sweden had remained neutral buffer states between NATO and the Soviet Union. To retain their neutral status, both states minimized their cooperation with NATO. Following the Fall of Communism, both states increased their cooperation with NATO, while stoutly retaining their neutral status. Throughout the Cold War and the post-Communism era, majorities in both countries opposed joining NATO; however, with the increasing threat of Russia in the second decade of the 21st century, support for joining had begun to climb. As Russia began to build forces on Ukraine's border in the leadup to their invasion, both countries increased their cooperation with NATO. On 25 February, the Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova threatened Finland and Sweden with "military and political consequences" if they attempted to join NATO, despite their ongoing commitment to neutrality. Both countries had attended the emergency NATO summit as members of NATO's Partnership for Peace and both had condemned the invasion and had provided assistance to Ukraine. The previous day, Prime Minister Sanna Marin commented on Finland's potential membership after the invasion, saying: "It is also now clear that the debate on NATO membership in Finland will change", while noting that a Finnish application to NATO would require widespread political and public support. Shortly after the threat, a plane carrying Vyacheslav Volodin, the speaker of Russia's State Duma, was denied permission to cross both Swedish and Finnish airspace. A public petition asking the Finnish Parliament to hold a referendum to join NATO reached the required 50,000 signatures, prompting a parliamentary discussion on 1 March 2022. Finnish public opinion on joining NATO shifted after the invasion, with 53% in favor in the most recent poll compared to 30% in January. European Union On 27 February, European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen announced that the EU would ban Russian state-owned media outlets RT and Sputnik in response to disinformation and their coverage of the conflict in Ukraine. She also said that the EU would finance the purchase and delivery of military equipment to Ukraine and proposed a ban on Russian aircraft using EU airspace. On 28 February, President Zelenskyy asked to join the EU under a new fast track procedure. Photographs reported to be of Zelenskyy signing an application for membership were later shared. Other countries and international organisations The Czech Republic, Latvia, and Lithuania stopped issuing visas to Russian citizens. Micronesia severed diplomatic relations with Russia following the invasion. Following its military intervention in protests against the government earlier in January 2022, Russia requested that Kazakhstan send its troops to assist in the offensive, in which Kazakhstan refused, reiterating that it did not recognise the Donetsk and Luhansk separatists. On 1 March, Kazakh president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev commented in regard to the outbreak of the war, saying that Kazakhstan's positions should be based on the "critical need to ensure the security, sovereignty and territorial integrity", calling on both Ukraine and Russia to find "a common language at the negotiating table", and reciting a Russian proverb that "a bad peace is better than a good quarrel". Tokayev noted Kazakhstan's willingness in providing all possible forms of assistance, including mediation services. During his attendance to the UN Human Rights Council session on 28 February, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Mukhtar Tleuberdi suggested for Nur-Sultan to host negotiations between Russian and Ukrainian officials, expressing his concern for civilian casualties. In a call with Putin, Xi Jinping, the Chinese paramount leader and general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, said China supported efforts to resolve the dispute through dialogue; Putin stated he was open to holding high-level talks with Ukraine. In a statement released on 25 February, China said that Ukraine's territory and sovereignty should be respected and urged talks between Ukraine and Russia as soon as possible. Shortly after, Wang Yi, the Chinese foreign minister and state councilor, stated that China had a clear position respecting the territorial integrity and sovereignty of all countries, including Ukraine. Indian prime minister Narendra Modi appealed for an immediate cessation of violence in Ukraine, though he refrained from taking a stand on the issue and did not condemn the Russian invasion. India was reportedly preparing a mechanism to trade with Russia using rupees to avoid the impact of Western sanctions. Serbia was among the few European countries that opposed sanctions on Russia. Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić said that his country supported Ukraine's sovereignty but that he would look after Serbia's own interests. Vučić also stated that he would condemn Russia's recognition of the independence of separatist regions in eastern Ukraine only if Zelenskyy condemned the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia on public television. While there was no agreement on sanctions on Russia, Serbia nevertheless expressed regrets over the events, describing both Russia and Ukraine as friendly states and underlining full support for the territorial integrity of Ukraine. His initial weak response was criticised by multiple commentators in the country and the region, while some local media outlets sided with Russia. The Serbian organization Women in Black organised anti-war demonstrations in Belgrade, and the Serbian Orthodox Church organised a collection of humanitarian aid. Pope Francis expressed his "deepest sorrow" in a phone call to Zelenskyy, who thanked the Pope for his support. The Ecumenical Patriarch, Bartholomew I, regarded as the primus inter pares (first among equals) in the Eastern Orthodox Church and spiritual leader of Orthodox Christians, called for an end to the war. Bartholomew called the war abominable and voiced solidarity and support with the Orthodox Church of Ukraine. Patriarch Kirill of Moscow released a statement noting "the suffering of people", calling on all parties "to do everything possible to avoid civilian casualties" while asking the Moscow Patriarchate to pray for "the rapid restoration of peace". Metropolitan Onufriy, head of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate, said the war had no justification. Tsai Ing-wen, the president of Taiwan, said that Taiwan condemned the infringement of Ukrainian sovereignty and called for peaceful resolution. Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a statement on 25 February condemning Russia and announcing sanctions. These would likely affect semi-conductors, as Taiwan produces much of the global supply. On 26 February, Vadim Krasnoselski, the president of the unrecognised state of Transnistria, affirmed that Transnistria, as a peaceful state, had no offensive plans, referencing Transnistria's large population of Ukrainians and how Ukrainian language is taught in its schools. Also on 26 February, the Council of Europe suspended Russian participation in the Committee of Ministers and the Parliamentary Assembly. Council Secretary-General Marija Pejčinović Burić called the invasion a "flagrant violation" and stated: "This is a dark hour for Europe and everything it stands for." On 27 February, Belarus held a constitutional referendum which theoretically allowed the country to access nuclear weapons since their renouncement after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The result was likely influenced by President Lukashenko's recent decisions. Entertainment and sporting organisations UEFA, the European governing body for football, decided to relocate the Champions League final from Saint Petersburg to Saint-Denis, France, after a meeting of the body's executive committee. The national football teams of Poland, the Czech Republic and Sweden refused to play any matches with Russia. Formula One called off the Russian Grand Prix for this year in the wake of the crisis, with world champions Sebastian Vettel and Max Verstappen calling it "wrong" to race in the country. The International Olympic Committee called upon international sporting federations to either move or cancel any sports events planned in Russia or Belarus. It recommended that Belarusian and Russian nationals be allowed to compete only as neutral athletes or teams. The Union Cycliste Internationale and the International Gymnastics Federation were among those to act accordingly. The International Judo Federation suspended President Putin's status as "Honorary President and Ambassador of the International Judo Federation". On 28 February, FIFA, joined by UEFA, suspended Russian teams from playing international football. Further, the National Hockey League announced that is was suspending all Russian business relationships, pausing Russian language websites, and would not host future competitions in Russia. The International Ice Hockey Federation suspended all Russian and Belarusian national and club teams from its competitions and withdrew hosting rights for the 2023 IIHF World Junior Championship that were to be held in Russia. Finland-based Jokerit and Latvia-based Dinamo Riga announced separately that the two ice hockey teams would withdraw from Russia's top-tier Kontinental Hockey League. The European Broadcasting Union excluded Russia from participating in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, with the organisers saying that its inclusion could "bring the competition into disrepute". On March 1, the International Skating Union, which governs figure skating worldwide, announced that skaters from both Russia and Belarus would be barred from all competitions effective immediately until further notice. Disney, Warner Bros, and Sony Pictures announced to pause all their theatrical releases in Russia, citing the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine caused by Moscow. Poland-based beauty contest Miss Supranational announced on social media that it would not accept a contestant from Russia because they "cannot condone the actions of the Kremlin". Technology companies and hackers On 25 February, the hacking collective Anonymous conducted DDoS attacks on the RT website, as well as on the website of the Russian Ministry of Defence. On 27 February, Google temporarily disabled traffic conditions on Google Maps to protect civilians and military operations in the conflict zone. Protests In Russia Almost 2,000 Russians in 60 cities across Russia were detained by police on 24 February for protesting against the invasion, according to OVD-Info; by 27 February, it reported that more than 5,900 protestors had been detained overall. Russia's interior ministry justified these arrests due to the "coronavirus restrictions, including on public events" that continue to be in place. Russian authorities warned Russians of legal repercussions for joining anti-war protests. Nobel Peace Prize winner Dmitry Muratov announced that the Novaya Gazeta newspaper would publish its next edition in both Ukrainian and Russian. Muratov, journalist Mikhail Zygar, director Vladimir Mirzoyev, and others signed a document stating that Ukraine was not a threat to Russia and calling for Russian citizens to denounce the war. Elena Chernenko, a journalist at Kommersant, circulated a critical open letter signed by 170 journalists and academics. Mikhail Fridman, one of Russian oligarchs, said that the war would "damage two nations who have been brothers for hundreds of years" and called for the "bloodshed to end". Three Communist members of parliament, who had supported the resolution recognizing the Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics believing it was a peacekeeping mission and not a full-scale invasion, were the sole members of the State Duma to speak out against the war. State Duma deputy Mikhail Matveev voted in favour of the recognition of the Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics but later condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine. State Duma deputy Oleg Smolin said he was "shocked" by the invasion. More than 30,000 technology workers, 6,000 medical workers, 3,400 architects, more than 4,300 teachers, and 2,000 actors, directors, and other creative figures signed petitions calling for Putin's government to stop the war. Russian human rights activist Lev Ponomaryov started a petition to protest the invasion, garnering more than 750,000 signatures by 26 February. The founders of the Immortal Regiment commemoration movement, in which ordinary Russians annually march with photographs of veteran family members to mark World War II's Victory Day on 9 May, called on Putin to cease fire, describing the use of force as inhuman. Outside Russia Protests in support of Ukraine have broken out in cities worldwide. In the Czech Republic, some 80,000 people protested in Wenceslas Square in Prague. On 27 February, more than 100,000 gathered in Berlin to protest against Russia's invasion. During a constitutional referendum vote, Belarusian protestors in Minsk chanted "No to War" at polling stations. On 28 February, instead of the traditional Cologne Carnival parade , which had been cancelled due to COVID-19 a few days earlier, more than 250,000, instead of the anticipated 30,000, gathered in Cologne in a peace march to protest against the Russian invasion. A boycott movement against Russian and Belarusian products has spread, most notably in the Baltic states. In Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia most supermarkets removed Russian and Belarusian products, such as food, drinks, magazines, and newspapers, with Coop, Rimi, Maxima, and Barbora being the most notable supermarket chains to join the boycott. In Canada, the liquor control boards of several provinces, including the Liquor Control Board of Ontario, the Société des alcools du Québec, the Newfoundland and Labrador Liquor Corporation, the Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Corporation, and the Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation, were ordered to remove Russian alcohol products from retail stores. In Canada, the government of British Columbia ceased the import of Russian liquor products, and the Liquor Control Board of Ontario announced the removal of Russian liquor from all 679 liquor retailers within its jurisdiction. In the US, politicians in Ohio, New Hampshire, and Utah placed legal restrictions on the sale of Russian liquor, and many bars, restaurants, and liquor retailers have removed Russian brands from their selections voluntarily, with some supporting Ukrainian liquors in a further show of solidarity with Ukraine. Following protests, both the Finnish and Swedish alcohol monopolies, Alko and Systembolaget, stopped the sale of Russian alcoholic beverages. In addition, Finland's two main retailers, S-Group and Kesko, removed Russian goods from their shelves. See also Military history of the Russian Federation Explanatory notes References External links Part of Putin's national address pre-invasion. Comments archived at archive.today. Video archived at ghostarchive.org. Russia invades Ukraine Live Update. CNN. Ukraine live updates. BBC News. Russo-Ukrainian War 2022 controversies 2022 in international relations 2022 in Russia 2022 in Ukraine Belarus–Ukraine relations Ongoing conflicts in Europe Conflicts in 2022 Donetsk People's Republic February 2022 events in Ukraine Foreign relations of Ukraine Invasions by Russia Invasions of Ukraine Luhansk People's Republic March 2022 events Military history of Ukraine Post-Soviet conflicts Russian irredentism Russia–NATO relations Russia–Ukraine military relations Ukraine–NATO relations Vladimir Putin Volodymyr Zelensky Wars involving Belarus Wars involving Chechnya Wars involving Russia Wars involving Ukraine

70149893

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxious%20People

Anxious People

Anxious People (original title in ) is a novel by Swedish writer Fredrik Backman published by Månpocke in 2019. The novel was published in English in 2021. It was adapted into a Netflix television series of the same name, which premiered on 29 December 2021. Plot summary A bank robber accidentally takes a group of apartment hunters hostage after a botched bank robbery. A young police officer devises a plan to apprehend the bank robber and safely rescue the hostages, but as the hostages begin to get to know each other and the robber, they come up with a plan of their own. Characters Jack — A young police officer who is very dedicated to his job Jim — Jack's father, a more lax police officer with many years of experience Bank Robber — The perpetrator of the alleged bank robbery and hostage situation Zara — A depressed banker who attends apartment viewings for leisure Roger — A real estate investor who takes the business very seriously Anna-Lena — Roger's wife Julia — A young pregnant woman searching for an apartment to raise her family Ro — Julia's wife Lennart — An actor who is also an apartment viewing disrupter Estelle — An older woman who attends the apartment viewing Real Estate Agent — The agent responsible for hosting the apartment viewing Reception The novel received mostly positive reviews. The Washington Post said that "Backman again captures the messy essence of being human", while the USA Today called the book "profoundly insightful and preposterously funny". Adaptations The novel was adapted into a six-part Netflix mini-series, which premiered on 29 December 2021. References External links Fredrik Backman's Website 2019 Swedish novels Novels set in Sweden Swedish-language novels

70152536

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaeus%20son%20of%20Glaucias

Ptolemaeus son of Glaucias

Ptolemaeus son of Glaucias (, fl. 2nd century B.C) was a katochos (an unclear word roughly translatable as hermit) who lived in the Temple of Astarte in the Serapeum in Memphis, Egypt for 20 years. Many details about his life and associates, such as his younger brother Apollonios, are known thanks to the survival of an extensive archive of papyri belonging to the katochoi of the temple. Katoche Ptolemaeus was born in approximately 200 BC. He was the eldest of four sons of a certain Glaucias, a Macedonian lot-holder at the village of Psichis in the Heracleopolite nome. Around 172, he began a period of twenty years as a katochos of the Temple of Astarte. The meaning of katochos is unclear, but it entailed a strict restriction against leaving the temple. In the summer of 158, Ptolemaeus was joined by his adolescent brother Apollonios, who learned to read and write before joining the Ptolemaic army and later becoming a police informant. Ptolemaeus had custody of three Egyptian girls who lived in asylia in the temple: the twins Thages and Thaous and their probable sister Tathemis. According to Ptolemaeus, their mother and her Greek lover had sought to kill the twins' father, a friend of Ptolemaeus. Their father died soon afterwards and their mother took possession of his property, forcing the twins to flee to the temple. There they performed the sacred funerary rites of the Apis bull, for which a pair of twins was conveniently needed to play the roles of Isis and Nephthys. Due to his katoche, Ptolemaeus relied on an Egyptian agent, Harmais, and two therapeutae, Diphilos and Nikanor, who were able to leave the temple area unlike the katochoi. Ptolemaeus wrote numerous petitions to various officials during his katoche, including Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II. He often appealed to the strategos of his nome, Dionysios, about injustices and crimes committed against him, including an occasion on which he claimed to have been nearly murdered by a mob for being a Greek. He also recorded his dreams and those of the twins, which were regarded as having prophetic significance. See also Horos son of Nechoutes Dryton and Apollonia archive References 2nd-century BC Egyptian people 2nd-century BC Macedonians Egyptian hermits

70153787

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanco%20%28British%20rapper%29

Blanco (British rapper)

Joshua Eduardo, known professionally as Blanco, is a British rapper and singer. Beginning his career in 2015, he would release his debut mixtape, City of God, in 2021. He is part of the UK drill group Harlem Spartans. Career Blanco would begin to write lyrics at the age of 15, taking inspiration from artists such as Skepta and 50 Cent. He would later join the Harlem Spartans collective through a youth centre in Kennington. In 2016, he would release "Jason Bourne", which, according to New Wave Mag, certified his place as a well-respected drill artist. In 2019, Blanco released his debut EP, English Dubbed. On 24 August 2021, Blanco would release his debut mixtape, named City of God after the 2002 film. The mixtape would be named within Complex'''s best albums of 2021, with an article in Clash'' noting that the album saw him move away from a drill sound. Personal life Blanco is a supporter of football club Manchester City FC. He is of Angolan heritage. Legal issues Blanco was jailed following an incident in the early hours of 15 February 2017, when a taxi containing Blanco and fellow Harlem member Mucktar Khan, better known as MizOrMac, was pulled over by armed police. The police searched the pair and found a loaded gun on Blanco and a samurai sword he had attempted to conceal in his trousers; additionally MizOrMac was wearing ballistic body armour and had a balaclava. On 9 February 2018, Blanco was convicted of possession of a firearm and possession of an offensive weapon in a public place and sentenced to three and a half years in prison. His co-defendant MizOrMac was sentenced to six years. Discography Mixtapes EPs Charted singles References 21st-century British rappers English male rappers British hip hop musicians Rappers from London UK drill musicians Gangsta rappers People from Kennington Living people Year of birth missing (living people)

70153856

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlisle%20buried%20baby%20case

Carlisle buried baby case

In the Carlisle buried baby case, American teenager Brooke Skylar Richardson (born March 9, 1999), who, having concealed her pregnancy from her parents, gave birth on May 7, 2017, at home, alone, and secretly buried her newborn daughter in the backyard of her parents' house in Carlisle, Ohio. Two months later she described what had happened to her doctor, who informed police. Richardson was charged with but acquitted of aggravated murder, child endangerment and involuntary manslaughter, and was only found guilty of serious mistreatment of a corpse. She was subsequently given three years of probation, which was ended early by the court. Brooke Skylar Richardson Personal life Richardson attended Carlisle High School in Ohio where she was a cheerleader. She suffered from an eating disorder, allegedly choosing not to not chew on gum, because it had five calories. Pregnancy and birth Richardson became pregnant during her senior year of high school. After her first gynecology appointment, Richardson was told that she was pregnant and would be giving birth in a few weeks. After hearing this news, Brooke cried out loud, stating how she was not prepared to have a baby. She begged the gynecologist for birth control, despite her pregnancy. She kept her pregnancy a secret from her friends and family. Before giving birth, she searched up “how to not have a baby” and “how to get rid of a baby" on her laptop using the internet. After senior prom, on May 7, 2017, she gave birth to the child in the bathroom on her parents' house in the bathroom, and subsequently buried the baby in the backyard. The next morning at the gym, she texted her mother, "I'm literally speechless with how happy I am. My belly is back omg". For around two months, the baby remained buried, and she did not tell anyone else, until another routine visit to the gynecologist for more birth control pills, where she admitted to burying the baby in the backyard after giving birth. Investigation The infant's skeletal remains were dug up from the backyard on July 14, 2017, and an autopsy determined that the baby's bones were partially charred and died of "homicidal violence". When interviewed by Police, Richardson was, at first, hesitant about burning the baby, but after a second police interview, she stated, "I tried to cremate the baby." Trial The prosecution alleged that Richardson had burned her newborn child's body before burying it in the back yard of her home. During the trial a forensic expert, who had previously determined the newborn's remains had been charred, revised that opinion and recanted their earlier evidence. The defense argued that Richardson was subjected to an overzealous interrogation because of the baby burning theory. After the trial, a juror said that Richardson was not convicted on the more serious charges because the "prosecutors did not prove their case." See also Kerry Babies case - A similar case from Ireland. Concealment of birth Stillbirth Teenage pregnancy References 1999 births Living people

70154117

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Nyr%C3%A9n

William Nyrén

William Nyrén (March 19, 1920 – November 14, 1991) was a Norwegian actor. He appeared in stage roles in Oslo and in films. Nyrén was born in Oslo. He was imprisoned in Sachsenhausen, Germany, during the Second World War. After returning home, he was engaged with the newly launched Studio Theater until 1952. He also had several roles for NRK's Radio Theater and Television Theater, and he was a regular at the National Traveling Theater from 1954 to 1966. Throughout the 1970s, he performed roles at the National Theater and the Norwegian Theater. He was the father of the guitarist Nils Petter Nyrén (born 1947). Filmography 1946: Englandsfarere as Heydner 1955: Trost i taklampa as Hjalmar 1966: Afrikaneren 1967: Den lange reisen hjem (TV) 1968: De ukjentes marked as Nytorvet, a homeless man 1970: Døden i gatene 1971: Helten på den grøne øya (TV) as Jimmy Farrel 1975: Min Marion as a tenant 1980: Nedtur as Åge 1981: Sølvmunn as a policeman References External links William Nyrén at Sceneweb William Nyrén at Filmfront 1920 births 1991 deaths 20th-century Norwegian male actors Male actors from Oslo

70156124

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Being%20from%20Earth

The Being from Earth

The Being from Earth is a 1990 German science fiction drama film directed by David Vostell. It was filmed in Los Angeles in English. The Being from Earth tells the story of a day when the lives of various people are in danger due to the connection between their actions and the inexplicable events surrounding the birth of The Being from Earth. A hybrid of animal and plant, born from the sands of the Mojave Desert. Plot Melissa finishes her night shift in a genetics lab in the morning and drives to her boyfriend Teddy, who is planning a bank robbery with Goofy, a friend. Melissa tries to dissuade him. While driving on a highway through the Mojave Desert, Melissa panics and tells Teddy to stop the car immediately. They see the birth of the being out of the sands of the desert and take it home with them. A police officer is already on Teddy because of the planned bank robbery and follows them. After a fight, they leave the downed cop and drive back to Goofy's. They are pursued by curious neighbors. A group of three people, having found out about the birth through the visions of the medium Miriam, track down Melissa and Teddy. Goofy dies in a shootout. Melissa and the being are kidnapped by the group. Teddy tracks them to an abandoned factory floor and tries to free Melissa, but fails. Melissa gets tied up. With the sperm of the being, Melissa is supposed to be fertilized and give birth to a new being. Teddy can prevent this at the last second. Production The Being from Earth was created by Georg Sili, Bruce Fuller / KNB EFX Group and David Vostell. Filming took place in Los Angeles in Palmdale, California and in the Mojave Desert. Film laboratory was Consolidated Film Industries / CFI-Hollywood and Geyer-Werke Berlin. The film premiered on December 8, 1991, in the Kino Babylon in Berlin. The film was released on VHS in 1992 and in 2022 on Blu-ray in the Original English Version. Reception The film's title primarily refers to the being born from the earth. But it can also be understood as a metaphor. The being in the film is not a monster or beast. It's a kind of life that we don't know. The Being from Earth differs greatly from the conventional understanding of cinema and is an enigmatic film. The viewer's expectation of an explanatory, conventional narrative structure quickly gives way to the search for insight. Different interpretations of the plot are possible and also wanted. The film takes on a life of its own that is difficult to follow. The being in the film is extremely passive. It does not bite or kill. Characteristically, it can be compared to the creature in David Lynch's film Eraserhead. Sources David Vostell, Biografia / Recopilation 1978 - 2008 by Michaela Nolte, nivel88 Editor. . The World of David Vostell 1976 - 2018, Sun Chariot Books, Cáceres , 2019. . David Vostell, Worldcat External links References 1990 films German films 1990 science fiction films 1990s avant-garde and experimental films German avant-garde and experimental films English-language German films Films shot in California English-language films 1990 drama films 1990s English-language films 1990 independent films Films set in deserts

70158626

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina%20Litvinovich

Marina Litvinovich

Marina Alekseyevna Litvinovich (, born 19 September 1974) is a Russian opposition activist and politician. Life Litvinovich became active in politics in 1996. In the late 1990s she created Russia's first political website for Boris Nemtsov, at that point deputy prime minister. Nemtsov later became a highly visible opponent of Vladimir Putin's regime, until he was shot and killed in Moscow in 2015. For two years Litvinovich herself worked for Putin, helping his campaign in the 2000 Russian presidential election: Though she considered running for political office as early as 2003, Litvinovich continued working as a political consultant for other people's campaigns. She was a consultant for Mikhail Khodorkovsky,who was Russia's richest tycoon until he was jailed for a decade after falling foul of the Kremlin. She later worked as an assistant to opposition politician Garry Kasparov, acting as a spokesperson for his United Civil Front. In April 2007 she complained of Kasparov's questioning by the FSB, the Russian state security agency: In July 2007 Litvinovich highlighted the case of opposition activist Larisa Arap, who had been forced into a psychiatric clinic. In November 2007 she reported Kasparov's beating by police as he attempted to lead a protest rally. In December 2007 she announced that Kasparov would not be running for the presidency, as his supporters had been unable to rent a hall for his nomination gathering. From 2019 to 2021 Litvinovich served on the Moscow Public Monitoring Commission (ONK), a watchdog monitoring the condition of inmates in Russian prisons. In March 2021 Litvinovich was excluded from the ONK, on the grounds that she had disclosed information relating to a probe into Lyubov Sobol, a lawyer for the jailed opposition politician Aleksei Navalny's Anti-Corruption Foundation. Litvinovich disputed the allegation, claiming the exclusion was due to her activism on behalf of people detained in Lefortovo detention center. In 2021 Litvinovich ran in Russia's parliamentary elections as a candidate for the Duma: On 24 February 2022, as Russia invaded Ukraine, Litvinovich called for antiwar protests in Russian cities. She was detained by Russian police as she left her house. References 1974 births Living people Russian human rights activists Russian anti-war activists 21st-century Russian politicians Russian women activists Women human rights activists 21st-century Russian women politicians

70158754

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anish%20Khan

Anish Khan

Anish Khan (25 July 1993 – 18 February 2022) was an Indian left-wing student activist. Anish Khan was one of the leader of several protests like against No NRC movement, No NPR movement, Citizenship Amendment Act protests and No vote to Bjp movements. Anish Khan was also a student leader of Aliah University in his student life. Anish Khan died on 18 February 2021. Three policemen were suspect for the death of Anish Khan. On 22 February, Trinamool led West Bengal Government suspend two policemen. Anish's death has sparked series of protests for justice throughout West Bengal. Justice for Anish Khan protests are being particularly held by the students of colleges and opposition parties. References 1993 births 2022 deaths Bengali politicians Communist Party of India politicians People from Howrah district Police brutality in India

70158858

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar%20Jovanovi%C4%87%20%C4%86uta

Aleksandar Jovanović Ćuta

Aleksandar Jovanović (; born 1960/1966), commonly known by his nickname Ćuta, is a Serbian environmental activist. Born in Belgrade, Ćuta often travelled to Stara Planina, and was interested into rock music, football, and chess during his youth. He founded the "Defend the Rivers of Stara Planina" organization in 2017, which primarily centered on combating the construction of small hydros in the Stara Planina region, although over the time, Ćuta has shifted his presence over other regions of Serbia. He has gained media presence since then, and has been noted as one of the representatives of environmental activism. Over the period, Ćuta has organized protests and gatherings around Serbia, and has managed to stop the construction of several projects, in order to preserve the nature. In 2021, Ćuta organized the "Environmental Uprising" protests, which set off the beginning of the 2021–2022 environmental protests, in which he has played a key role, and has been noted as one of the leaders of the protests. He later formed a movement, and a coalition with Nebojša Zelenović and Dobrica Veselinović, which was formalized in January 2022 under the name We Must. Ćuta is the ballot representative of the coalition in the upcoming general elections. Early life Ćuta was born in Belgrade, PR Serbia, FPR Yugoslavia, although sources differ for his year of birth. He grew up in the Žarkovo neighborhood, and attended a primary school in Košutnjak and Banovo Brdo, later attending the Faculty of Dramatic Arts at the University of Arts in Belgrade. Activism Early period During his youth, Ćuta often travelled to Stara Planina, where his grandparents lived. His activist career began in 2016, and a year later, he founded the "Defend the Rivers of Stara Planina" organization, in order to combat the construction of small hydroelectric power plants in the Stara Planina region. Since then, Ćuta has been a notable representative of the group of activists that opposes the construction of small hydros. Over the course of his activist career, he has managed to stop the construction of several small hydros across Serbia. In early 2018, Ćuta and other members of the his organization formed a Facebook group in order to post their activities regarding their activism, which quickly gained popularity. Due to his activism, in June 2018, the government of Serbia decided to send a thank-you note to Ćuta, although he ended up refusing the note. Ćuta has also been a critic of the Serbian government due to their approaches to environmental protection. In September 2018, Ćuta organized mass protests in Pirot, and the protests were participated by a couple of thousand demonstrators, in demand to prohibit the construction of small hydros. He and his organization managed to send a case regarding the construction of a small hydro on Visočica river to the Supreme Court of Cassation, which ended up prohibiting the decision of constructing a small hydro in November 2018. Over the course of 2019, Ćuta organized environmental protests across cities in Serbia, initially beginning in January. Another series of protests were held in April. A month later, Ćuta and other activists from his organization were sent a verdict after they cleaned the riverbed of the river in Rakita, and later that month they organized protests in front of the UniCredit headquarters in Belgrade. Two months later, they called for the institutions to react regarding the situation in Rakita. Ćuta organized protests in Belgrade on 21 September, and a week later, environmental activists held talks with president Aleksandar Vučić, during which Ćuta demanded for the total prohibition of constructing small hydros across Serbia, although Vučić rejected his request. Ćuta called for protests to be held in June 2020, after accusing the government of not respecting the regulations on environmental protection. Activists, politicians, scientists, and professors had participated in the protests. Ćuta gave a speech during the protests, and had announced a revolt to be held in Rakita. In August, the government had decided to invoke a ban of constructing small hydros in the Stara Planina region, and during mid-August, a group of citizens, led by Jovanović, managed to break two pipes, which disabled the pipeline in the river. The event gained national media coverage. The government mortgaged the river in Rakita in February 2022. Later that month, another protest was organized by Ćuta and Savo Manojlović. In November, Ćuta and other activists requested a talk to be held between them and Rio Tinto, in order to discuss about the Project Jadar, although the talk was not held in the end. 2021–2022 period Protests which were dubbed as "Protests for Harmless Air", were organized in early January 2021. Ćuta, as a representative of his "Defend the Rivers of Stara Planina" organization, participated in the protests and gave a speech criticizing Rio Tinto and Linglong Tire. During the protest, he has stated that "air, water, and our country are non-negotiable". Ćuta was invited to the Utisak nedelje show on 7 March, where he expressed his pro-conservation views, and has stated that "environmental activists in Serbia are labeled as enemies of the state". Two days after the show, he was detained by the police, and he was released shortly after. Later that month, Ćuta said that he is preparing to organize an "Environmental Uprising" protest on 10 April. The protest gained attention, and around 60 environmental organizations participated in the protests. Thousands of demonstrators gathered in front of the House of the National Assembly, and Jovanović demanded the government to suspend all projects harmful to the environment, as well as to adapt regulations to the highest environmental standards. Following the April protests, which he deemed to be successful, Ćuta stated that he might form an environmental movement, and that it would cooperate with other green movements in Serbia. During May, Ćuta and other environmental activists organized gatherings and protests at the Reva bog, which is located next to Krnjača. In June, he confirmed his ambition to form a movement, and stated that he is ready to cooperate with Nebojša Zelenović and the Do not let Belgrade drown movement. In August 2021, Ćuta and his newly-formed "Environmental Uprising" organization have announced that protests would be held on 11 September. These protests marked the beginning of the 2021–2022 environmental protests, which have been held since then. Ćuta has played a key role in the protests, and has been noted as one of the de facto leaders. During the protests, Ćuta received criticism from government officials, while the pro-government media has spread misinformation about his career and views. He has also stated the demands of the protests, which were mainly centered on Rio Tinto. In November, Ćuta called for the radicalization of the protests, which led to roadblocks being organized across Serbia in late November and early December. During that period, he signed a coalition agreement with Zelenović's Together for Serbia (ZZS) party, and announced his participation in the 2022 general election. The coalition was formalized in January 2022, under the name We Must. Ćuta will appear first on the We Must ballot list. Personal life Jovanović is often known and referred by his nickname Ćuta. He resides in Belgrade. Ćuta showed his interest into rock music during his youth, when he learned to play the guitar. He had also often played football and chess. Ćuta was married twice, and has two children. He took part in the The Weight of Chains 3 documentary film, which aired in 2019. Political affiliation Some opposition politicians from the Party of Freedom and Justice have previously criticized Jovanović due to the alleged claim that he participated in the foundation of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), which he denied. During an interview for Vreme, Ćuta stated that "he was offered to create a green party that would cooperate with SNS", although he rejected the offer. Ćuta is registered as independent. References External links Facebook profile 1960 births Serbian activists Environmentalism in Europe Serbian politicians Serbian rock musicians Date of birth unknown

70159181

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests%20against%20the%202022%20Russian%20invasion%20of%20Ukraine

Protests against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

Protests against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine occurred spontaneously and simultaneously in many places worldwide. Russia In the four days from 24 to 27 February, a total of 5,794 people in 53 cities across Russia have been detained by police for protesting against the invasion. In violation of the Russian Constitution and international human rights law, Putin has made peaceful public protest without permission of the authorities illegal. This background information is necessary to understand the extreme intimidation caused by the large number of arrests and by the seemingly reasonable warning of the authorities to not take part in "unsanctioned" protests. Russian authorities warned Russians of legal repercussions for joining anti-war protests. Over 60 Russian activists and journalists have been arrested. On February 27, another 2,063 people were detained at street protests against the war. On 27 February, a van with markings that read "People, wake up!", "This is war", "Putin is a scum!" crashed and caught fire in Pushkinskaya Square. More than 10,000 technology workers, 6,000 medical workers, over 3,400 architects, more than 2,000 actors, directors and other creative figures, and 1,500 teachers signed petitions calling for Putin's government to stop the war. 147,000 Russians have signed a petition to impeach Putin. Academics Troitsky variant (also known as TrV-Nauka), an independent Russian popular science newspaper, published an open letter against war signed by more than 4750 Russian scientists including many famous academician and members of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Oleg Anisimov, a scientist delegate from Russia, apologized to his colleague from Ukraine at the UN climate conference. Mikhail Gelfand, bioinformatician and a member of the Academia Europaea, also made a statement against war. Activists On 24 February, human rights activist Lev Ponomaryov started a petition to protest the invasion, garnering 289,000 signatures by the end of the day. Celebrities The invasion was condemned by television presenter Ksenia Sobchak, pop star Valery Meladze, writer Dmitry Glukhovsky, journalist and YouTuber Yury Dud, film director Roman Volobuev, rapper Noize MC, Dynamo Moscow striker Fyodor Smolov, actress Chulpan Khamatova and the television host Ivan Urgant. Urgant’s late-night show subsequently disappeared from the scheduled programs on the state-owned TV station Channel One. Opera singer Anna Netrebko also spoke out against the war. Dozens of other Russian artists, TV presenters and other celebrities spoke out on social networks against Russia's military actions in Ukraine. Russian rapper Oxxxymiron cancelled six sold-out concerts in Moscow and St. Petersburg, stating, "I cannot entertain you when Russian missiles are falling on Ukraine. When residents of Kyiv are forced to hide in basements and in the metro, while people are dying." Sports NHL hockey player Alexander Ovechkin criticized Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Tennis players Medvedev, Rublev and Kafelnikov and other Russian sportsmen also made statements against the war. Military A commander of Russia's 74th Motorized Rifle Brigade was reportedly quoted as saying; "We were not going to fight - we were collecting information" after the entire platoon was reportedly captured in Chernihiv. Organizations The founders of the "Immortal Regiment" commemoration movement, in which ordinary Russians carry photographs of veteran family members in marches around Russia held annually to mark WWII Victory Day on May 9, called on the Putin "to cease fire", describing the use of force as "inhuman". Olga Larkina, the director of Russia's Committee of Soldiers' Mothers, raised concerns to Russian investigative news outlet Meduza that many of the soldiers in Ukraine had been forcibly sent to Ukraine. Larkina alleged that Russian conscripts had been pressured or forced into signing contracts to become soldiers, sent to Ukraine and family members have lost contact with them. Politicians Jailed Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny condemned Russia's attack on Ukraine and called those who launched the war "bandits and thieves." Russian opposition activist and politician Marina Litvinovich called for anti-war protests in Russian cities. She was detained by Russian police as she left her house. State Duma deputy Mikhail Matveev voted in favor of the recognition of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics but later denounced the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, stating "I voted for peace, not for war. I wanted Russia to become a shield so that Donbas would not be bombed, not for Kyiv to be bombed." State Duma deputy Oleg Smolin said he was "shocked" by the invasion. Liza Peskova, daughter of Putin’s spokesman Dmitry Peskov, shared an image with the "No to war" hashtag on Instagram. More than 100 Russian municipal deputies signed a letter against the war with Ukraine. Press Russian Nobel Peace Prize winner Dmitry Muratov announced that the Novaya Gazeta newspaper would publish its next edition in both Ukrainian and Russian. Muratov, journalist Mikhail Zygar, director Vladimir Mirzoyev, and others signed a document stating that Ukraine was not a threat to Russia and calling for Russian citizens "to say no to this war." Elena Chernenko, a journalist at Kommersant, circulated a critical open letter that was signed by 170 journalists and academics. Other professional communities Open letters against the war were also published by professional associations of doctors and healthcare workers, NGO workers, lawyers, psychologists and psychiatrists, teachers, students, economists, employees of IT companies, workers of culture and art, comedians, workers in the beauty and fashion industry, film makers, advertising and gaming industries, designers, animators, and architects. Outside Russia Pro-Ukrainian protests have occurred at several of Russia's embassies and consulates abroad, including those in: Unable to protest at the Russian embassy in Tehran, Iranian protests took place at the Ukrainian embassy instead. During a constitutional referendum vote, Belarusian protestors in Minsk chanted "No to war" at polling stations. According to Ministry of internal affairs of Belarus, 800 people were detained on that day. Protests were also held in Amman, Bern, Hong Kong, Istanbul, Luxembourg City, Nicosia, Sydney, Tokyo, and Vienna. In Valencia, Venezuela, a group of students held a protest. On 25 February, the Slovak tabloid Nový čas published Putin's photo edited to look like Hitler with the term 'Putler' on its cover. Similar photos were also published by the British tabloid Daily Star (which called Putin "bloody Vlad") and by the Italian newspaper La Ragione. On 25 February, climate activist Greta Thunberg protested outside the Russian embassy in Stockholm. On 26 February, Ukrainians gathered at in Mapo District, Seoul, South Korea, praying for the peace of their motherland. After the prayer, they went out the church and raised the Ukrainian flag and protesting signs. In the next day, around 300 people, including Ukrainians living in South Korea and their supporters, protest against Russia's invasion near the Russian Embassy in Seoul. On 27 February, more than 100,000 gathered in Berlin to protest against Russia's invasion of Ukraine. On 28 February, instead of the traditional Carnival parade , which had been cancelled due to COVID-19 a few days earlier, more than 250,000 (instead of the anticipated 30,000) gathered in Cologne in a peace march to protest against the Russian invasion. On 27 February, Taras Ostapchuk, a Ukrainian mechanic, appeared in Mallorcan court on charges of partially sinking the $7 million superyacht that he worked on. He stated that his boss ran a Russian state-owned supplies of military products and that he had gotten angry at the thought that his boss's company has supplied the missile that had struck a Kyiv apartment building that he had watched on his cellphone. Ostapchuk stated, "What do I need a job for if I don't have a country?", telling the court, "I don’t regret anything I've done, and I would do it again." Protest gallery Buildings lit up in the Ukrainian colours Several landmarks around the world were illuminated in the colours of the flag of Ukraine as a statement of solidarity. See also International reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine References Anti-war protests Opposition to Vladimir Putin 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Russo-Ukrainian War 2022 protests

70159281

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20anti-war%20protests%20in%20Russia

2022 anti-war protests in Russia

There are ongoing anti-war demonstrations and protests in Russia against the Russian invasion of Ukraine which began on 24 February 2022. The invasion sparked immediate daily protests in cities across Russia. In violation of the Russian Constitution and international human rights law, Putin has made peaceful public protest without permission of the authorities illegal. This explains the intimidation caused by the seemingly neutral statements of the authorities warning of legal repercussions from participating in the anti-invasion protests and caused by the total of 5,794 arrests in the four days from 24 to 27 February. Street protests On the afternoon of the invasion, the Investigative Committee of Russia issued a warning to Russians that they would face legal repercussions for joining unsanctioned protests related to "the tense foreign political situation". The opposition activist Marina Litvinovich called on Instagram for street protests on the evening of 24 February but was detained by police as she left her house. That evening, thousands took to the streets in cities across Russia to protest the war. The largest demonstrations were in Moscow, where 2,000 protesters gathered near Pushkin Square, and Saint Petersburg, where up to 1,000 protesters gathered. Hundreds demonstrated in Yekaterinburg, and there were also demonstrations in Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk and Perm. By the end of the evening of the day of the invasion, according to the OVD-Info monitor, there had been 1,820 arrests in 58 cities, of which 1,002 were carried out in Moscow. Russia's interior ministry justified these arrests with continued "coronavirus restrictions, including on public events". On the following day, Friday 25 February, further protests continued in Moscow, Saint Petersburg and other cities. In Saint Petersburg several hundred people gathered in the city center, chanting 'No to war!'. OVD-Info reported 437 detentions in 26 Russian cities on that day, including 226 in Moscow and 130 in Saint Petersburg. On Saturday 26 February, some Russian protestors chose to reduce the chances of arrest by staging single-person protests in Moscow and other city squares. Others gathered in small groups in order to move more nimbly around the streets. In Yekaterinburg hundreds gathered, shouting 'No to war!'. Throughout the day at least 469 people were arrested in 34 cities, of which around half in Moscow, bringing the total number of arrests to over 3,000. Protests continued on Sunday 27 February. The protests coincided with the seventh anniversary of the murder of the opposition politician Boris Nemtsov, and arrests took place at an improvised memorial outside the Kremlin where Nemtsov was shot. Around 1,000 people gathered for a spontaneous anti-war rally near Great Gostiny Dvor in Saint Petersburg. According to OVD-Info, by early Sunday evening, police had detained at least 900 Russians in 44 cities, bringing the total number of arrests to over 4,000 since the war began. By the end of the day, that number had grown to around 2,710 arrests (at least 5,844 in total since the beginning of the war), including at least 1,269 arrests in Moscow and 1,034 in Saint Petersburg. KPRF (Communist Party of the Russian Federation), People's Freedom Party, and Yabloko, spoke out against the invasion. Van crash On 27 February, a van with markings that read "People, wake up!", "This is war", "Putin is scum!" crashed and caught fire in Pushkinskaya Square. Petitions and open letters In the weeks preceding the invasion, there were signs that anti-war feeling was growing in Saint Petersburg. At the beginning of February, over 150 prominent Russian activists, authors, and academics signed an open letter, 'If Only There Is No War!', protesting against the "party of war in the Russian leadership" and state media. Russian Nobel Peace Prize winner Dmitry Muratov announced that the Novaya Gazeta newspaper would publish its next edition in both Ukrainian and Russian. Muratov, the journalist Mikhail Zygar, the film director Vladimir Mirzoyev, and others signed a document stating that Ukraine is not a threat to Russia and calling for Russian citizens "to say no to this war." The Kommersant reporter Elena Chernenko launched an anti-war petition, which was signed by over 250 journalists. Another letter condemning the war was signed by over 250 scientists, and a third open letter was signed by almost 200 municipal council members in Moscow and other cities. On 24 February, human rights activist Lev Ponomaryov started an online petition to protest against the invasion, garnering 289,000 signatures by the end of the day. By 28 February, the petition gathered more than 947,000 votes. On 26 February, a petition for the impeachment of Putin was published by a Russian citizen on the Change.org website, gathering more than 200,000 signatures by the end of February 27. On 27 February 2022, an antiwar petition of Russian-speaking people of the world was published on the Change.org website ("Русскоязычный мир против войны с Украиной!"), pointing out “the inadmissibility of the association of Russian-speaking people of the world with the criminal Russian regime” and calling for an end to the war. More than 10,000 technology workers; at least 15,000 medical workers; over 3,400 architects; more than 2,000 actors, directors, and other creative figures; 1,500 teachers; and 12,240 students and teachers signed open letters calling for Putin's government to stop the war. Social media protests Statements against the war by public figures After the invasion began on 24 February, several Russian celebrities, including pop star Valery Meladze, television host Ivan Urgant and television presenter Ksenia Sobchak, unambiguously criticized it on social media. The comedian and television presenter Maxim Galkin, singer Valery Meladze and television comedian Alexander Gudkov also condemned the war. Vlogger Yury Dud received a million 'likes' for a post criticising the war: Eurovision popstar Svetlana Loboda asked "How is this possible? Lord, stop all this!" Figure skater Evgenia Medvedeva called for "this all [to end] as soon as possible, like a bad dream". Chess player Yan Nepomniachtchi tweeted in protest: "History has seen many Black Thursdays. But today is blacker than the others. #saynotowar". Tennis world number one Daniil Medvedev and world number seven Andrey Rublev both spoke out in favour of peace on the day of the invasion. On the following day Rublev wrote "No war please" on the camera after winning his match. The hip-hop artist Oxxxymiron cancelled upcoming shows and called for mass protest, calling the invasion "a crime and a catastrophe". Yelena Kovalskaya resigned her position as director of the state-owned Meyerhold Theater Center, writing that it was "impossible to work for a murderer and receive salary from him". On Friday 25 February the ice hockey star Alex Ovechkin, an ardent Putin supporter, made an ambiguous statement against the war without mentioning Ukraine or Russia. On Saturday 26 February Georgian basketball player Tornike Shengelia announced he was prematurely terminating his contract with CSKA Moscow "in protest against Russia's invasion of Ukraine". Citing the club's historical links to the Red Army, Shengelia said: "I do not consider it possible to continue playing for the Russian army club". On 26 February Mikhail Matveyev, a State Duma representative for the CPRF called for an immediate end to offensive operations in the war, saying he voted for the recognition of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics "to shield them, not to bomb Kiev." State Duma deputy Oleg Smolin said he was "shocked" by the invasion. Liza Peskova, the daughter of Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov, shared an image of the "No to war" hashtag on her Instagram story. Russia's richest billionaire, Mikhail Fridman, called for the "bloodshed to end". Another oligarch, Oleg Deripaska, called for peace talks to begin "as fast as possible." An anonymous Russian billionaire told Reuters, "It is going to be catastrophic in all senses: for the economy, for relations with the rest of the world, for the political situation." Statements by organisations The founders of the "Immortal Regiment" commemoration movement, in which ordinary Russians carry photographs of veteran family members in marches around Russia held annually to mark WWII Victory Day on 9 May, called Putin to stop, describing the use of force as "inhuman". Memorial, the oldest human rights organisation in Russia, described the invasion as "a crime against peace and humanity" in a statement, adding that it "will remain a shameful chapter in the Russian history." The Left Bloc, a left-wing social movement, condemned the Russian aggression and described it as "a war declared for the sake of increasing its own rating, without regard for the lives and suffering of ordinary people." The Russian political party "New People" has stated that it is against the war. Reactions A spokesperson for the United Nations condemned the "arbitrary arrests" of protestors, and called for their immediate release. Human Rights Watch stated that videos of the crack down it analysed showed "brutal arrests of peaceful activists by police officers" and stated that "authorities' actions to prevent people from participating in peaceful public protests and freely expressing their opinions violate fundamental rights." In a recorded speech released on Friday 25 February, the Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy thanked the Russian anti-war protesters, addressing them directly in Russian: Margarita Simonyan, editor-in-chief of Russian state-controlled news agencies RT and Rossiya Segodnya, spoke out against the protests, stating that "If you are ashamed of being Russian now, don't worry, you are not Russian." See also International reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Protests against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine References External links Anti-war protests Opposition to Vladimir Putin Protests in Russia 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 2022 protests Russo-Ukrainian War

70160384

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Zarumilla

Battle of Zarumilla

The Battle of Zarumilla was a military confrontation between Peru and Ecuador that took place from July 23 to 31 during the 1941 Ecuadorian–Peruvian War. Background Hostilities between Peru and Ecuador began on July 5, 1941, when fire was exchanged between both parties. The events themselves, however, are disputed. According the Ecuador, a group of Peruvians, including policemen, crossed the Zarumilla River into Ecuadorian soil. The Peruvian policemen are then said to have fired first when a border patrol was spotted. According to Peru, the Ecuadorian Army shot first at local Civil Guard troops, which exchanged fire for 30 minutes, holding back a potential advance and waiting for reinforcements. After the 5th, hostilities along the border continued. As a result, on the night of July 6, the senior commander of the Ecuadorian Army ordered the formation of the 5th Infantry Brigade in El Oro, under the command of Colonel Luis Rodríguez. Battle The Peruvian offensive began on July 23, being carried out by the newly formed Northern Army Detachment headed by General Eloy G. Ureta with the purpose of pushing north into El Oro Province to prevent more skirmishes along the disputed border. Quebrada Seca On July 23, 1941, the 41st Peruvian Squadron took off from Tumbes to fulfill a mission, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Antonio Alberti and made up of Lieutenants Fernando Paraud, José A. Quiñones and Manuel Rivera, aboard their North American NA-50 or Toritos fighter planes. The mission consisted of bombing the Ecuadorian post of Quebrada Seca, where they had concentrated the bulk of their anti-aircraft artillery and placed machine guns. During the battle Quiñones According to Peruvian accounts, instead of parachuting to safety, Quiñones chose to sacrifice himself by crashing his damaged aircraft onto the Ecuadorian position, rendering the battery out of action. This version of events has been subsequently called into question by Ecuadorian military authorities, who have stated that there were no anti-aircraft guns in the area. The other planes that made up Squadron 41 continued with their mission and carried out a subsequent attack, returning to Tumbes. Jambelí The Peruvian destroyer Almirante Villar set sail from Zorritos with the mission of entering Ecuadorian waters and carrying out patrolling and reconnaissance tasks in the area. It was then that, being in the vicinity of the Jambelí channel, the Ecuadorian gunboat Abdón Calderón was spotted. The Ecuadorian ship, which was in transit to Guayaquil, turned 180º with respect to its course as soon as it recognized the Peruvian ship, fleeing towards Puerto Bolívar while firing shots. Admiral Villar did the same, maneuvering in circles avoiding getting too close to the coast due to its shallow depth. After 21 minutes of both sides exchanging fire, the incident ended. Puerto Bolívar On July 23, Peruvian aircraft carried out a strategic bombing of the port city. On the next day, aircraft returned to attack the Aviso Atahualpa patrol boat, located in the docks of the city. The fact that the patrol boat was the target as well as the subsequent defense of it carried out by Ecuadorian troops prevented valuable explosives located nearby from being attacked and ignited. On July 28, Peruvian submarines and carried out a reconnaissance mission at the mouth of the Jambelí Strait in order to detect the presence of artillery. The following day, cruisers Coronel Bolognesi and Almirante Guise, during a patrol in front of the Jambelí Strait, bombed Punta Jambelí and Puerto Bolívar, in preparation for the Peruvian advance on El Oro. On July 31st, prior to the cease fire that was to be effective on that date, an order was given to capture the city of Puerto Bolívar, which was accomplished using paratroopers from the newly formed Paratrooper Company of the Peruvian Air Force. The use of said paratroopers was decisive in the capture of the city and served as a surprise factor since, only a handful of countries had a unit of said type, such as Germany with their Fallschirmjäger, making Peru the first country in the Western Hemisphere to deploy paratroopers, being followed by Argentina in 1944. Aftermath After the ceasefire, a Civilian Administration was established in the occupied Province of El Oro by Peru. A month later, on October 2, a bilateral ceasefire was signed which also established a demilitarized zone between both states. The government of Ecuador, led by Dr. Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río, signed the Rio de Janeiro Protocol on January 29, 1942, with which Ecuador officially renounced its claim to a sovereign outlet to the Amazon River. On February 12, 1942, Peruvian troops vacated the Ecuadorian province of El Oro.<ref>{{Cite news|title=29 de enero de 1942|url=https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/2016/07/03/nota/5668200/29-enero-1942/|date=2016-07-03|work=El Universo|quote=29.I.1942: "Hoy a las 2 a. m. se Firmó el Acuerdo Ecuatoriano-Peruano: Las Fuerzas Peruanas Saldrán Dentro de 15 Días de Nuestros Territorios (Today at 2 a.m. the Ecuadorian–Peruvian Agreement was signed: Peruvian Troops will leave our territories in 15 days)"}}</ref> See also '', a documentary film filmed during the war that went unreleased until 2014 due to the Rio de Janeiro Protocol References Bibliography Notes Ecuadorian–Peruvian War 1941 in Ecuador 1941 in Peru Wars involving Peru Wars involving Ecuador Zarumilla Zarumilla Zarumilla

70163965

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory%20Sedibe

Glory Sedibe

Glory Lefoshie Sedibe (16 May 1953 - 20 March 1994), popularly known as Comrade September, was a member of the African National Congress (ANC) and a senior Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) operative who in August 1986 was abducted by an Apartheid death squad led by Eugene de Kock. After being severely tortured while detained in Piet Retief, Sedibe agreed to inform on his ANC comrades, becoming an askari or spy and murdered his own comrades in Vlakplaas with De Kock and others for the Apartheid state. He was a very prominent ANC activist in exile who went by the noms de guerre Comrade September, Lucky Seme and Wally Williams and was also nicknamed Dois M and Sebata. Sedibe's name featured high during the Truth and Reconciliation Commission that was established by Nelson Mandela's democratic government in 1996 and he was an example of how inhumane the Apartheid regime was to black people "who were often faced with no real choice at all [but] to betray their comrades or be killed," as journalist Rebecca Davis puts it. Early life Sedibe was born in the historic gold mining town of Pilgrim's Rest, Mpumalanga in 1953. His father Ephraim Sedibe was a teacher who turned a mining company clerk in the asbestos mining village of Penge, near Burgersfort in Limpopo. Sedibe was the third-born of Ephraim's nine children. He entered Penge Primary School in 1961 at the age of 8. Because Penge had only up to Standard 6 (Grade 8), Sedibe moved to Leolo Secondary School in neighbouring Burgersfort in 1969. In 1972, Sedibe obtained his Junior Certificate and after this he moved to Ngwana Bohube High School in Petersburg, where he obtained his Matric Certificate in 1973 at the age of 20. He could not go to university to pursue a degree because he didn't have money but instead opted to work for a construction company in Johannesburg in 1974 and then in 1975 left Johannesburg to Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga where he became a teacher at Mathibela High School. In 1976, Sedibe left Bushbuckridge to Johannesburg's Kempton Park where again he worked for a construction company as a clerk at age 23. Later on that year he returned to Mpumalanga - this time to the Barberton area where he worked at a gold mine as a general labour. Political activism Sedibe joined the ANC at the age of 24 in 1977. He left South Africa to Swaziland after his elder brother Kaborone, a president of the student representative council (SRC) at Turfloop University, was sentenced to five years in prison in 1976 for organising a pro-FRELIMO rally celebrating the collapse of Portuguese rule in Africa. Sedibe crossed the border to Swaziland as a refugee and had yet to turn 25 when the ANC sent him for specialised intelligence training in East Germany and the Soviet Union. Soon he rose through the ranks of the ANC's military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe to occupy positions of influence in exile, including becoming head of intelligence for the then Transvaal region. Arrest and Abduction On 13 August 1986, Sedibe and a fellow MK operative were driving around Manzini, Swaziland when the police arrested them on charges of being in Swaziland illegally. Soon after their arrest, the Swazi police transferred Sedibe to the Mankayane police station, on the south-western border with South Africa, after the Swazi cops had clinched a R150 000 deal with the Apartheid police for his capture. The plan was that Sedibe would be taken to the Mankayane holding cells where the Apartheid police would pounce and kidnap him, making it look like it was a jailbreak engineered by the ANC. Indeed, a raiding team of eight men led by Eugene de Kock arrived at Mankayane police station and kidnapped Sedibe in front of bribed Swazi police on the rainy Wednesday night of 13 August 1986. The team consisted of Steve Bosch, Douw Willemse and an askari named Almond Nofomela, as well as Christo Deetlefs and Paul van Dyk of Ermelo security branch and ‘Freek’ Pienaar and Johannes Koole of Piet Retief security branch. He was taken to a house in Piet Retief where he was subjected to prolonged torture and interrogation for five months before he agreed to co-operate with police and was then transferred to Vlakplaas where he became an askari, murdering his own ANC comrades. It did not stop there, however, Sedibe would allegedly go on to hunt down his ex-comrades himself, bring them to Vlakplaas and he was feared and hated by them. State witness Sedibe became a star witness in the 1988 treason trial of anti-Apartheid activist Ebrahim Ebrahim, his co-accused Simon Dladla and Mandla Maseko in camera as "Mr X1'". In January 1989, Ebrahim was sentenced to 20 years for high treason, Dladla to 12 years for terrorism and Maseko to 23 years for high treason on Robben Island as a result of Sedibe's testimony. Ebrahim only served 6 years of this sentence and was released in 1991 when he won his appeal on grounds that the Apartheid police had illegally abducted him from Swaziland in December 1986 and had no jurisdiction to prosecute him Death Sedibe died mysteriously on 20 March 1994. Eugene de Kock said Sedibe was killed with a poison allegedly poured into his alcohol. De Kock said the poison mimicked the symptoms of Hepatitis B, but journalist Jacques Pauw in his 1997 book titled Into the Heart of Darkness wrote that Sedibe died of heart attack as he was someone with a heart problem from his days in exile. A pathologist who examined Sedibe's corpse confirmed that his "weak heart" was a contributing factor to his death. References External 1953 births 1994 deaths

70163985

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos%20State%20Security%20Trust%20Fund

Lagos State Security Trust Fund

The Lagos State Security Trust Fund (LSSTF) was established by the Law of the Lagos State House of Assembly in September 2007 as a direct response to the security challenges in the State.LSSTF is an autonomous public-private-partnership set up to improve the operational capacity of the security operatives in the Lagos State.More so, the idea of creating a Trust Fund was to source for resources/ funds(cash or kind) from government, private organizations and well-meaning individuals in the areas of logistics and provision of crime fighting equipment for the effective discharge of the duties of security operatives in Lagos State.The head office of LSSTF is located at The Alpha Plaza Obafemi Awolowo way, opposite Secretariat, Ikeja, Lagos state. Mission of LSSTF The mission of the fund is to Facilitate safety and security in Lagos State Vision of LSSTF The vision of LSSTF is to make Lagos state, the safest, most secure and most prosperous commercial location in Africa Objectives of LSSTF The objectives of the Fund, is to provide money for the acquisition and deployment of security equipment, human, material and financial resources necessary for the effective functioning of all security agencies operating in Lagos State and also for the training and retraining of these security operatives Organisational structure of LSSTF The Board of Trustees of the Fund has representatives from the private sector(80%) and representatives from the Public Sector(20%). The Fund is headed by a Chairman, while the day-to-day administration of the Fund managed by the Executive Secretary/CEO. All members of the board are appointed by the Governor, though they operate independently of government. On June 17,2020, the Lagos State Governor, Mr. Babajide Sanwo-Olu approved the appointments of new board members for the Lagos State Security Trust Fund (LSSTF)The board members are: More so, On February 21,2022,The Lagos State Commissioner of Police, Mr Abiodun Alabi, assured residents of the Lagos state on respect and protection of their fundamental human rights during the year 2022 retreat organized by the Board of Trustees of the Lagos State Security Trust Fund on Victoria Island. Agencies Supported by LSSTF The Lagos State Security Trust Fund supports the several security agencies across the State namely, the Lagos State Police Command particularly the Rapid Response Squad (RRS), OPMESA (joint Internal Security comprising the Army, Navy and Air force), Lagos Neighborhood Safety Corps (LNSC), Marine Police, Counter Terrorism Unit (CTU), Anti-Bomb Squad, Department of State Security (DSS), Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC), Nigeria Prison Service (NPS), Immigrations Service, Nigeria Customs Service (NCS), Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC) and other security agencies which are all the primary responsibilities of the Federal Government. Donations by LSSTF On September 17,2017,The Lagos State government through LSSTF donated 120 new 5KVA generators to the Lagos State Police Command to power all police formations across the state. On April, 16,2021,the Lagos State Security Trust Fund (LSSTF) donated a patrol vehicle to the Lagos Command of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC). On June 10,2021,the Lagos State Government, through LSSTF donated One hundred and fifty units of double cabin vehicles, 30 patrol saloon cars, four high-capacity troop carriers and two anti-riot water cannon vehicles to the State Police Command to strengthen security responses across the state More so, Lagos State Government through its LSSTF released 20 patrol vehicles and 350 bullet proof vests to the Rapid Response Squad (RRS) of the State Police Command on July 18,2021 In addition, The Executive Secretary/CEO Lagos State Security Trust Fund (LSSTF), Mr Abdurrazaq Balogun, stated that an estimated 80 per cent of the operational vehicles used by the police in the last 13 years were donations from the LSSTF. References Lagos State Security Armed Forces Fund Board Police County Nigeria-related lists Crime Stoppers

70166065

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadly%20Games%20%281982%20film%29

Deadly Games (1982 film)

Deadly Games is a 1982 American slasher film written and directed by Scott Mansfield, and starring Alexandra Morgan, Jo Ann Harris, Sam Groom, Steve Railsback, Denise Galik, Colleen Camp, and June Lockhart. It follows a small town terrorized by a ski-masked serial murderer targeting young women. Plot Linda Lawrence is attacked by a ski-masked intruder in her rural home, and pushed from a second story window to her death. Her sister, Clarissa "Keegan" Lawrence, a successful journalist, returns to their hometown upon the news of her sister's death. Linda's death is investigated by police officer Roger Lane, who attempts to determine whether it was an accident, suicide, or a murder. At a local diner, Keegan she runs into several female friends and acquaintances from high school: Mary Adams, Chris Howlett, Carol Bailey, Randy, and Susan Theresa "Sooty" Lane, the latter of whom is married to Roger. After visiting with her estranged mother, Marge, Keegan attends a flag football game with her old friends and acquaintances. There, she notices a brooding man sitting on the sidelines whom she does not immediately recognize. Mary informs her the man is Billy Owens, a former classmate of theirs, and a Vietnam War veteran who sustained significant injuries in battle. The introverted Billy now works at the local movie theater changing film reels, and has a close friendship with Roger over their mutual service in Vietnam. At a pool party later that night, Roger gets angry with Randy after finding her kissing another man. She rebukes him, telling him she is not beholden to him as they have merely carried on a casual affair. After the party ends, a ski-masked assailant attacks Randy in the pool, binding her legs with wire and anchoring her to a grate at the bottom, effectively drowning her. After the news of Randy's death, Keegan meets Chris at a bar, where a worried Chris tells her that Laura and Randy were both dating the same man, but she does not name him. Roger meets Keegan at Linda's home where she is staying, and the two go to see a movie at the theater while Billy is working; Billy accompanies the two during the screening, and afterward the three spend hours talking and playing a board game. A romance begins to blossom between Keegan and Roger. A short time later, Chris is attacked in a parking garage by the killer, who manages to strangle her unconscious, though his attempt to kill her is thwarted when two lot attendants interrupt the attack. Later, Roger reveals to Sooty that he is the killer, and strangles her to death. Shortly after, Chris is attacked again late at night while driving her car by the killer in the backseat. She stops the vehicle and flees on foot into the woods, eventually stumbling upon an overgrown cemetery. The killer manages to capture her before burying her alive in a grave. Later, Roger sits in the theater basement and recounts to himself how he unintentionally caused Linda's death by trying to simply frighten her; the thrill he received from her dying, however, propelled him to begin actively committing murders. Keegan visits the movie theater after Roger fails to arrive at a restaurant for a date. In the theater basement, she is startled by Roger and shoots him to death. Billy then appears, and stalks Keegan through the theater basement. In a disarrayed prop room, Keegan finds Sooty's corpse lying amongst mannequins. She runs upstairs, stumbling on the theater stage. Billy, over an intercom, chastises Keegan for killing Roger, his only friend. The lights suddenly go out, and Billy swings on a rope from the rafters toward Keegan to kill her. Cast Release Deadly Games aired on television networks such as Showtime in the spring of 1982. It was given regional theatrical releases in the United States, opening in St. Louis on September 2, 1982. It subsequently screened in Kansas City, Missouri on November 5, 1982, as part of a triple-bill at local drive-in theaters. Home media Deadly Games was released on Blu-ray by Arrow Films in the United States and United Kingdom on February 22, 2022. References External links 1982 films 1982 horror films 1980s mystery films 1980s serial killer films 1980s slasher films American mystery films American serial killer films American slasher films Films about journalists Films about veterans Films set in a theatre Films shot in California

70169331

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966%20Dayton%20race%20riot

1966 Dayton race riot

The 1966 Dayton race riot (also known as the Dayton uprising) was a period of civil unrest in Dayton, Ohio, United States. The riot occurred on September 1 and lasted about 24 hours, ending after the Ohio National Guard had been mobilized. It was the largest race riot in Dayton's history and one of several to occur during the 1960s. Through the 1900s, Dayton experienced significant racial tensions due to the white population's discrimination of African Americans in the city. By the mid-1960s, it was one of the most segregated cities in the United States, with most of its African American population living in the impoverished west side of the city, described by the Dayton Daily News as "a ghetto with neglected schools and discriminatory city services". By 1966, the area had experienced several race-related riots. That year, in the early morning of September 1, Lester Mitchell, an African American man, was shot and killed in a drive-by, with eyewitnesses saying that it had been a white assailant. Following this, largescale rioting had begun by 10 a.m., primarily affecting west Dayton before moving into the city's downtown. By 10:30 a.m., the mayor of Dayton arrived at the scene of the rioting and stated that he had requested the governor of Ohio to mobilize the National Guard to restore order. Additionally, a curfew was enacted, some businesses were closed, and the several hundred police attempted to blockade west Dayton. The National Guard arrived at around 3 p.m., but by that time much of the rioting had ended. In the aftermath of the rioting, one person had died, 30 had been injured, and over 100 had been arrested. The riot caused about $250,000 in property damage, primarily to African American-owned businesses in west Dayton. Following the riot, the area began to decline economically, with many businesses either not reopening or relocating elsewhere. Additionally, the city's racial issues were exacerbated in the following years with additional race riots (including two in 1967 and the King assassination riots in 1968) and increased white flight to the surrounding area. Speaking about the issue in 2016, former Dayton Mayor Rhine McLin stated that west Dayton had been "punished" by city officials because of the riot and had peaked economically in the years immediately preceding the riot. As of 2016, Dayton is among the most segregated major metropolitan areas in the United States. Background The 1960s in the United States was a period that saw several large race riots in major cities. This wave of riots began in New York City with the Harlem riot of 1964 and were followed the next year by the Watts riots in Los Angeles, which is regarded as one of the most destructive riots to occur in the country in the 1900s. These riots were often due to underlying social issues facing African American communities in these large cities and, according to academic Jonathon A. Cooper, were often triggered by "a confrontation between blacks and the police over a relatively trivial matter". In the city of Dayton, Ohio, racial tensions had grown through the mid-1900s, with many African Americans segregated from the white population of the city. In 1966, the city was one of the most segregated in the United States, with about 60,000 African Americans (about 96 percent of Dayton's African American population) living in west Dayton due to housing segregation. The area was an impoverished part of the city, with a 2016 article in the Dayton Daily News describing it as "what many perceived as a ghetto with neglected schools and discriminatory city services". A 1966 article in the Dayton Daily News identified four main issues that African American community leaders had with regards to west Dayton, which included worse educational opportunities than white schools offered, joblessness, lack of access to home loans due to discrimination, and a lack of concern for the neighborhood residents from city leaders. While there had been some integration in the previous years, such as the election of Dayton's first African American board of education member and city commissioner in 1952 and 1961, respectively, some in the west side felt that the progress was occurring too slowly. In 1963, some white residents of Madison Township (a suburb of Dayton) rioted after a black family moved into their neighborhood, which was suppressed by riot police. At about 3 a.m. on the morning of September 1, 1966, Lester Mitchell, a 39-year-old African American man, was shot while sweeping the sidewalk in front of his bar on West Fifth Street, located in a busy business district in west Dayton. Mitchell was taken to a hospital and shortly thereafter died. Sources varied to some extent on the killing, with one eyewitness stating that it was a white man driving a red car in a drive-by shooting, though it was unsure if it was a single man or a group of men involved. Riot By 10 a.m., the killing of Mitchell had precipitated one of the earliest race riots in Dayton's history, with looting and rioting primarily occurring in west Dayton. While Mitchell's murder had been the primary cause of the riot, other causes included underlying issues that had impacted Dayton's African American community, such as high unemployment, poor housing, and a lack of dialogue with city leaders. Additionally, the rioting had been inflamed by a police investigation wherein they stated that a drive-by shooting would have been impossible. During this time, rioters through projectiles such as bottles and rocks at vehicles driven by or carrying white Americans, with a reporter from The Journal Herald reporting that the crowd was chanting, "Kill! Kill! Kill!". One white truck driver suffered a fractured jaw after a projectile came through the windshield of his vehicle. Over 100 protesters were involved, and while 225 police officers set up a blockade around west Dayton, they were given orders to not engage with the rioters. Soon, the rioting had spread into downtown Dayton, leading to more property damage in that area. During this time, some African American men sought to defuse the situation by attempting to negotiate concessions with Dayton's city manager and police chief, requesting that some of the protesters who had been arrested be released and that two white police officers who patrolled west Dayton be removed from that beat. While the city officials agreed to these changes, it did little to hamper the rioting. C. J. McLin, who would later be elected as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, was one of the people who negotiated with the city officials. By 10:30 a.m., Dayton Mayor Dave Hall had arrived at the scene of the rioting. Police stationed there had armed themselves with shotguns borrowed from nearby pawn shops. Speaking to the crowd via a police car bullhorn, Hall notified them that he had requested the governor of Ohio to deploy members of the Ohio National Guard to subdue this "disturbance of the peace". Governor Jim Rhodes, who was at the Ohio State Fair when he received Hall's request, approved it and deployed 1,000 soldiers. At around 12:40 a.m., Hall ordered that bars and restaurants in west Dayton be closed. Additionally, liquor stores were closed, a curfew for everyone under the age of 15 was enacted, some city services were temporarily suspended, and trains were rerouted. By 3 p.m., the National Guard had arrived in Dayton, led by Adjutant General Erwin Hostetler and composed of men from the nearby municipalities of Blanchester, Covington, Eaton, Middletown, and Xenia. However, by the time of their arrival, much of the rioting had ended. Guardsmen patrolled the city in Jeeps armed with .50-caliber machine guns, while Hostetler made a tour of the city in an unmarked police car without any violent incidents, noting only signs of property damage. In total, rioting lasted for about 24 hours. Aftermath In the immediate aftermath of the rioting, one death and 30 injuries. Sources vary on the total number of arrests made during the rioting, but there were over 100 total. Public safety costs associated with the riot were approximately $20,000, while the cost of the property damage was about $250,000, which mostly affected African American-owned businesses. The riot garnered national attention because U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson had been scheduled to speak at a Labor Day ceremony in Dayton the following weekend. The Dayton Daily News would later describe the riot as "one of the city's worst race riots" and "one of the worst riots in Dayton's history". In the years that followed, Dayton would be home to several more race riots, including two in 1967 (one following a speech by civil rights activist H. Rap Brown and another following the police killing of an African American man) and one in 1968 as part of the nationwide King assassination riots. However, of all these, the 1966 riot was the largest. Nationwide, 1966 saw numerous race riots similar to the one in Dayton, with about 44 major American cities experiencing race riots, resulting in seven deaths and about 400 injuries. However, Dayton was one of only five cities, along with Cleveland, Chicago, Milwaukee, and San Francisco, to have the National Guard called in. The following year saw even more riots than in 1966, leading to the U.S. federal government creating the Kerner Commission to study and report on the wave of riots across the country. While no one was ever convicted of Mitchell's murder, a former police officer for Dayton's police department stated in a 2016 article of the Dayton Daily News that he believed it may have been Neal Long, a racist serial killer who targeted African American men in Dayton. Following the riot, many businesses in west Dayton either relocated out of the area or never reopened, and west Dayton continued to decline economically over the next several decades. Segregation would remain a significant issue in Dayton. In 2002, the city's school district was the last in Ohio to be released from a federal desegregation order, though many of the schools are still highly segregated. As of 2016, according to a report from the Brookings Institution, Dayton was the 14th most segregated large metropolitan area in the United States. Additionally, the city saw marked white flight following the riot, resulting in an overall decline in the population and in increase in the African American population as a percentage of the population. Speaking about the changes to west Dayton following the rioting, politician Rhine McLin (daughter of C. J. McLin, who served as Dayton's mayor from 2002 to 2010) said, "West Dayton today is worse off than west Dayton 50 years ago before the riots. Those areas were punished for rioting". Former NAACP President Jessie Gooding Jr. similarly stated that west Dayton had been economically more vibrant prior to the riot, but offered a different take on the reason for the decline, saying, "What led to their demise? Contrary to popular belief, it was not only the riots, but the highway system first, in my opinion. Before the riots, moves were being made by the city and the state to acquire land on the west side for the highway system. After the riots, when many of the businesses were closed and white flight began in earnest, the promised economic boom to the west side did not happen and small black businesses were affected". However, as of 2016, the area has seen some new economic investment in the form of new businesses and developments. In 2016, the riot was the subject of a four-part story by the Dayton Daily News called "Lasting Scars", which analyzed both the causes of and the lasting legacy of the riot. See also List of ethnic riots List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States Mass racial violence in the United States Notes References Sources Further reading 1966 in Ohio 1966 riots African-American history of Ohio African-American riots in the United States Events in Dayton, Ohio History of Dayton, Ohio Riots and civil disorder in Ohio September 1966 events in the United States

70170221

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed%20Wild

Speed Wild

Speed Wild is a 1925 American silent action film directed by Harry Garson and starring Maurice 'Lefty' Flynn, Ethel Shannon and Frank Elliott. Synopsis Racing enthusiast joins the police as a motorcycle officer. He battles a gang of people smugglers, who have kidnapped the woman he is in love with. Cast Maurice 'Lefty' Flynn as Jack Ames Ethel Shannon as Mary Bryant Frank Elliott as Wendell Martin Ralph McCullough as Charles Bryant Ray Turner as Ulysses Fred Burns as Red Dugan Charles Clary as Herbert Barron Billy Butts as Child Doreen Turner as Child References Bibliography Connelly, Robert B. The Silents: Silent Feature Films, 1910-36, Volume 40, Issue 2. December Press, 1998. Munden, Kenneth White. The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1. University of California Press, 1997. External links 1925 films 1920s action films English-language films American films American silent feature films American action films American black-and-white films Films directed by Harry Garson Film Booking Offices of America films

70170491

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearances%20of%20cockfight%20enthusiasts%20in%20the%20Philippines

Disappearances of cockfight enthusiasts in the Philippines

Since May 2021, at least 31 cockfight enthusiasts or players (locally sabungeros) went missing without a trace in the different areas of Luzon, Philippines, after they supposedly went to the cockfight arena. Events The first reported disappearance of a sabungero was recorded on May 10, 2021 in Santa Cruz, Laguna. As of February 24, 2022, a total of 31 cockfight players are still missing. On August 30, 2021, a CCTV footage showing armed men stormed the house of 48-year-old Ricardo Lasco in San Pablo, Laguna. Several minutes later, armed men were shown bringing Lasco out of the house and the box allegedly containing jewelries, watches, and money, before they drive away. Lasco has since not been found. According to his relatives, Lasco was a chicken breeder and a "master agent" of online sabong. On January 5, 2022, two residents named Jeffrey and Nomer Depano from Hagonoy, Bulacan, did not return home after they went to Lipa, Batangas. The Depano brothers were driven in a separate van, which was later found abandoned two days later near a bridge. The police found the clothes still inside the van. Their mother said that Jeffrey had no knowledge about the cockfight. On January 6, also in Hagonoy, other three residents were reportedly missing after they told to their respective families that they were going to Lipa to supposedly attend an online sabong. On January 7, a man and a his pregnant girlfriend also went missing after they went to the cockfight area. On January 13, 2022, four cockfighting players went missing from the Manila Arena. It was followed by six more players at the same area. A January 13 CCTV footage showing a convoy of vehicles driving away from the Manila Arena in Santa Ana, Manila; one of them is Toyota Tamaraw FX ridden by the neighbors of a cockfight player who went missing in Rizal. The FX was shown stopping at the Osmeña Highway where a man was seen getting out of the car and transferred to the tailing car. A man was not known by the relatives of the missing sabungeros in Rizal. On January 31, 2022, relatives of 18 enthusiasts held a protests in Mendiola to call the government to speed up the investigation. On February 4, 2022, a luxury car used to transport the cockfight enthusiasts was found abandoned in a restaurant in Malate, Manila with its engine still running. The police looked for the possible kidnapping case but there is no evidence that the missing cockfight enthusiasts were kidnapped in Manila and stated that the enthusiasts were seen getting out alive. Investigations and reactions On February 8, 2022, the Philipine National Police said that they identified the persons of interest in connection to the missing cockfight enthusiasts. The police said that the investigators reportedly talked to the cockfight arena managers and the security guards before the disappearance took place. The investigators eyed for "game fixing" and a so-called "double-cross" in fights as the cause of the disappearances. On February 12, 2022, Senator Leila de Lima expressed concern over the missing cockfight players, and also lamented for "seemingly slow pace of investigation". On February 15, the relatives of missing cockfight enthusiasts held a prayer vigil in front of the Commission of Human Rights (CHR). On February 17, 2022, Department of Justice Secretary Menardo Guevarra ordered the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) to investigate the disappearance of over 20 sabungeros. On February 24, the Senators called for the suspension of operations and licenses of online sabong in the country. Senator Panfilo Lacson, former PNP chief (1999–2001), warned that the PNP would be a "slap" if they do not solve the missing sabungeros while Senator Ronald dela Rosa, also a former PNP chief (2016–2018), urged the police to double-time the investigation. On February 25, a social media post claiming that the bodies of alleged missing cockfight enthusiasts were found in Tanay, Rizal; however, the police debunked the claim, proving that the images were taken on February 12, 2022, when the police investigated the ambush in Guindulungan, Maguindanao where 12 people killed and three others injured. The police condemned the post, stating that the misinformation was an attempt to derail their investigation. In the hearing of Senate Committee on Public Order and Dangerous Drugs, the sibling of one of the missing enthusiasts, Ricardo Lasco Jr., said that, on August 30, 2021, the armed men identified themselves as the NBI stormed their house where they presented the warrant of arrest but refused to identified themselves and explaining that Lasco was charged for "large scale estafa". They also confiscated his mobile phone. According to San Pablo City Chief of Police Lt. Col. Gary Alegre, he denied that the NBI conducted the legitimate operation on that day. When lawmakers questioned the relatives of the victims, it appears that possible e-sabong website cloning was one of the reasons why Lasco was abducted. References 2021 crimes in the Philippines 2022 crimes in the Philippines Missing person cases in the Philippines

70171209

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasworks%20Clauses%20Act%201847

Gasworks Clauses Act 1847

The Gasworks Clauses Act 1847 (10 & 11 Vict. Chapter 15) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which consolidated the law concerning the authorisation of gasworks. Background A plethora of Acts of Parliament concerning gasworks had been enacted since the start of the commercial operations in the 1800s and 1810s. The 1847 Act aimed to consolidate the provisions of all these Acts into a single overarching Act. In 1847 a government commission was established to examine the system of gas supply. It concluded that there was seldom a benefit to the consumer of limited competition between undertakings. The 1847 Act limited company dividends to ten percent. The Act codified the rights and obligations of gas undertakings and regulated dividends and prices. Gasworks Clauses Act 1847 The Gasworks Clauses Act 1847 received Royal Assent on 23 April 1847. Its long title is ‘An Act for consolidating in one Act certain provisions usually contained in Acts authorizing the making of Gasworks for supplying towns with Gas’. Provisions The Act comprises 50 Sections: Section 1: Incorporation with special Act. Gasworks authorised by any Act of Parliament Section 2: Interpretation. Acts authorising the construction of gasworks. Section 3: Interpretations. Definitions. Section 4: Short title of this Act. Section 5: Incorporation of parts of this Act with other Acts. Section 6: Power break up streets, etc. under superintendence, and to open drains, and to lay pipes, make sewers, erect lamps, etc. Section 7: Undertakers not to enter on private land without consent. Section 8: Notice to be served on persons having control, etc. before breaking up streets or opening drains. Section 9: Streets or drains not to be broken up except under superintendence of persons having control of the same. Section 10: Streets, etc. broken up to be reinstated without delay. Roads, etc. to be fenced and lighted while opened; and to be kept in repair for a certain time afterwards. Section 11: Penalty for delay in reinstating streets, etc. Section 12: In case of delay, persons having control of streets, etc. may reinstate them. Section 13: Power of the undertakers to contract for lighting buildings, streets, etc. Section 14: Power to undertakers to let meters and fittings. Meters, etc. not liable to distraint for rent, ec. Section 15: Undertakers may enter buildings for ascertaining quantities of gas consumed. Penalty for obstructing them. Section 16: If rent is not paid, gas may be cut off, and rent and expenses recovered. Section 17: Power to take away pipes, etc. when supply of gas discontinued. Undue use of gas. Section 18: Penalty for fraudulently using the gas of the undertakers. Section 19: Penalty for wilfully removing or damaging pipes, etc. Section 20: Satisfaction for accidentally damaging pipes, etc. Section 21: Penalty on undertakers allowing washings, etc. produced in making gas to flow into streams, reservoirs, etc. Section 22: Penalty to be sued for in superior court within six months. Section 23: Daily penalty during the continuance of the offence. Section 24: Daily penalty during escape of gas after notice. Section 25: Penalty for fouling water by gas. Section 26: Power to open ground and examine gas pipes, to ascertain whether water is fouled by gas. Ground, etc. to be reinstated. Section 27: Expenses to abide result of examination. Section 28: How expenses shall be ascertained and recovered. Section 29: Nothing to exempt undertakers from being indicted for a nuisance. Section 30: Profits of the undertakers limited. Section 31: If profits exceed the amount limited, excess to be invested and form a reserved fund. Section 32: Reserved fund not to be resorted to meet an extraordinary claim, except on certificate. Section 33: When fund amounts to prescribed sum, interest to be applied to purposes of the undertaking. Section 34: If profits are less than the prescribed rate, deficiency may be supplied from the reserved fund. Section 35: If profits are more than the amount prescribed, rateable reduction to be made in the price of gas. Section 36: Court may order petitioner to pay costs of groundless petition. Section 37: Penalty on undertakers for refusing to produce books, vouchers, etc. Section 38: Annual account to be made up by undertakers. Section 39: Recovery of damages. Section 40: Railways Clauses Acts, as to damages, etc. to be incorporated with this and the special Act. Section 41: repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 66.) Section 42: Acts which may be done by one magistrate. Section 43: Penalties, etc. within metropolitan police district. Section 44: Persons giving false evidence liable to penalties of perjury. Section 45: Copies of special Act. Parliamentary Documents Deposit Act 1837 (7 Will. 4. & 1 Vict. c. 83.) Section 46: Penalty on undertakers failing to keep or deposit such copies. Section 47: Saving as to Metropolitan Paving Act (57 Geo. 3. c. xxix.), etc. Section 48: Saving as to rights of the crown. Section 49: Saving as to future Acts. Section 50: repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 66.) Amendments The Act was amended by the Gasworks Clauses Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 41.) The Act was repealed by the Gas Act 1948 (1948 c. 67). See also Oil and gas industry in the United Kingdom References United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1847