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Clinical NLP Lab 23

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Smaller size at birth has been associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in adult life. Fetal programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has been suggested as a possible explanation. Fetal glucocorticoid (GC) overexposure has effects that suggest a role of GCs in this programming. The effects of GCs are mediated through the GC receptor (GR or NR3C1). Several functional polymorphisms have been described, which are associated with relative GC resistance or hypersensitivity. Our aim is to compare frequencies of GR haplotypes, characterized by the R23K, N363S, Bcl1, or 9β polymorphisms, in subjects born small for gestational age (SGA) and associate birth anthropometry data, response to GH treatment, blood pressure, glucose and insulin concentrations, and body composition with these haplotypes.', 'In total, 418 SGA subjects and 697 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Methods Anthropometry data were obtained, as well as blood samples to determine fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were used to measure the amount of fat and lean mass.', 'No differences were found between GR haplotype frequencies in SGA children compared with healthy controls. No associations were found between GR haplotypes and birth length and birth weight, growth response during GH treatment, blood pressure, glucose and insulin concentrations, and body composition.'] Are glucocorticoid receptor gene haplotypes associated with birth anthropometry , blood pressure , glucose and insulin concentrations , and body composition in subjects born small for gestational age?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "no" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Vitronectin is a multifunctional protein with a multiple binding domain that interacts with a variety of plasma and cell proteins. Vitronectin binds multiple ligands, including the soluble vitronectin receptor. Abciximab binds equally well to soluble vitronectin receptor and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, because both share the beta(3) subunit. We tested whether vitronectin concentrations correlate with adverse outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients.', 'Baseline serum samples (n=233) from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of abciximab plus stenting (Evaluation of Platelet IIb/IIIa Inhibitor for Stenting EPISTENT) were retrospectively analyzed. We stratified vitronectin concentrations into the 3 lower quartiles (n=178; <49.7 microg/mL) versus the fourth upper quartile (n=55; >or=49.7 microg/mL). The end point was a major adverse cardiovascular event defined as death, myocardial infarction or urgent revascularization at 30 days and 6 months. A higher proportion of patients with baseline vitronectin >or=49.7 microg/mL had major adverse cardiovascular event than patients with baseline vitronectin <49.7 microg/mL at 30 days (18.2% versus 5.6%; P=0.01) and 6 months (20.0% versus 6.2%; P=0.006). When baseline variables not predictive of major adverse cardiovascular event (eg, troponin positive, history of congestive heart failure, diabetes, history of hypertension, smoking status) were excluded from the multivariate model, only baseline vitronectin >or=49.7 microg/mL (at 30 days: OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.23, 8.49; at 6 months: OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.33, 8.52) and history of myocardial infarction (at 30 days: OR, 5.02; 95% CI, 1.41, 17.9; at 6 months: OR, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.28, 12.43) remained. No interaction occurred between abciximab and vitronectin.'] Do vitronectin concentrations predict risk in patients undergoing coronary stenting?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['CD133 is one of the most important cancer-initiating (stem) cell markers and was confirmed to be expressed in solid cancers such as colon cancer. However, no one has investigated the role of CD133 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical role of CD133 expression in IHCC.', \"Twenty-nine patients with IHCC who underwent hepatic resection at our institution were enrolled in this study. Expression of CD133 was examined using anti-CD133 antibody. Staining was observed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells and CD133-positive cells distributed in the whole tumor. The patients were divided into two groups: the CD133-positive group (n = 14) and CD133-negative group (n = 15), in which no staining of CD133 was observed. Clinicopathological factors including hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression were compared between the two groups. The prognostic factors were investigated by multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model.\", 'The 5-year survival rate in the CD133-positive group (8.0%) was worse than that in the CD133-negative group (57.0%). In the CD133-positive group, the incidence of intrahepatic metastasis and positive expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha tended to be higher than that in the CD133 negative group. The multivariate analysis revealed CD133 expression was an independent prognostic indicator in IHCC.'] Is cD133 expression a potential prognostic indicator in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Natural killer (NK) cells play critical roles in antitumor immunity. Our previous study showed that over-expression of miR-30c-1* enhanced NKL cell cytotoxicity through up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α via directly targeting transcription factor homeobox containing 1. MiR-30c, the complimentary microRNA of miR-30c-1*, has been found to exert regulatory effect on T cell function. However, the effect of miR-30c on NK cells is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether miR-30c could play a role to enhance NK cell activation and cytotoxicity.', 'Chemosynthesis exogenous miR-30c mimics and miR-30c inhibitor were transfected into NKL cells and isolated human peripheral blood NK cells, respectively. The expression levels of NK group 2, member D (NKG2D), CD107a and FasL on cell surface and cytotoxic ability of miRNAs transfected NKL cells against SMMC-7721 cells were evaluated.', 'MiR-30c could increase the expression of NKG2D and CD107a on NKL cells, and enhance cytotoxic ability of NKL cells to kill SMMC-7721 cells. Moreover, miR-30c could up-regulate the expression of FasL on both NKL cells and human peripheral blood NK cells. However, the peripheral blood NK cells from only four in ten healthy donors appeared high expression levels of NKG2D and CD107a after miR-30c transfection.'] Does microRNA-30c promote natural killer cell cytotoxicity via up-regulating the expression level of NKG2D?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The optimal composition of the solution used for irrigation of saphenous veins used for cardiac surgery may influence ultimate graft patency due to potential injurious effects on the vein endothelium of some of the solution constituents.', 'The viability of cultured saphenous vein endothelial cells was assessed after incubation of saphenous vein endothelial cells with solutions containing saline, saline with papaverine (0.15 M NaCl, 32.5 mg/mL papaverine), culture medium and buffered saline solution (Plasma-Lyte-A).', 'Cell viability was significantly decreased after one hour incubation with solutions containing saline with papaverine (24.4+/-9.4%) as compared to culture medium and buffered saline solutions (medium 100%, Plasma-Lyte-A 86.8+/-6.90%). Loss of viability was directly related to the length of exposure of the cultured cells to papaverine. Morphologic changes of cells incubated with saline: papaverine were also seen including cell retraction and nuclear pyknosis. The cells exposed to medium recovered 100% viability whereas by 4 hours only 22% of the saline: papaverine cells were viable, and by 3 days this viability had fallen to 7.7%.'] Do papaverine solutions cause loss of viability of endothelial cells?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Opening of cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels has emerged as a promising but still controversial cardioprotective mechanism. Defining KATP channel function at the level of recombinant channel proteins is a necessary step toward further evaluation of the cardioprotective significance of this ion conductance.', 'KATP channel deficient COS-7 cells were found to be vulnerable to chemical hypoxia-reoxygenation injury that induced significant cytosolic Ca2+ loading (from 97+/-3 to 236+/-11 nmol/L). In these cells, the potassium channel opener pinacidil (10 micromol/L) did not prevent Ca2+ loading (from 96+/-3 nmol/L before to 233+/-12 nmol/L after reoxygenation) or evoked membrane current. Cotransfection with Kir6.2/SUR2A genes, which encode cardiac KATP channel subunits, resulted in a cellular phenotype that, in the presence of pinacidil (10 micromol/L), expressed K+ current and gained resistance to hypoxia-reoxygenation (Ca2+ concentration from 99+/-7 to 127+/-11 nmol/L; P>0.05). Both properties were abolished by the KATP channel blocker glyburide (1 micromol/L). In COS-7 cells transfected with individual channel subunits Kir6.2 or SUR2A, which alone do not form functional cardiac KATP channels, pinacidil did not protect against hypoxia-reoxygenation.'] Do recombinant cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ channel subunits confer resistance to chemical hypoxia-reoxygenation injury?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['As a novel molecular markerof non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain containing protein 14 (PRDM14) is over-expressed in NSCLC tumor tissues. Extracellular matrix degradation mediated by the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is one of the most important mechanism in lung cancer metastasis. This study aimed to determine if PRDM14 promoted the migration of NSCLC cells through extracellular matrix degradation mediated by change of MMP/TIMP expression.', 'The expression of PRDM14 was down-regulated in human cell line A 549 after transfection with lentiviral vector-mediated short-hairpin ribonucleic acids (shRNAs) which targeted the PRDM14 promoter. Cellular migration of shRNA-infected cells was detected by a scratch wound healing assay and transwell cell migration assay. Expression levels of MMP1, MMP2, TIMP1, and TIMP2 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).', 'Migration of PRDM14-shRNA-infected cells was significantly inhibited relative to control cells as measured by the scratch wound healing (P < 0.05) and transwell cell migration assays (P < 0.01). The expression of MMP1 in A549 cells infected by PRDM14-shRNA was down-regulated significantly (P < 0.01), whereas the expression of TIMP1 and TIMP2 was up-regulated significantly (P < 0.01).'] Does pRDM14 promote the migration of human non-small cell lung cancer through extracellular matrix degradation in vitro?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) is a cell cycle regulatory gene whose protein product ubiquitinates positive cell cycle regulators such as c-Myc, cyclin E, and c-Jun, thereby acting as a tumour-suppressor gene. This study focused on microRNA-223 (miR-223), which is a candidate regulator of FBXW7 mRNA. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of miR-223 and FBXW7 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients, and to elucidate the mechanism by which FBXW7 is regulated by miR-223.', 'The expression levels of miR-223 and the expression of FBXW7 protein was examined using 109 resected specimens to determine the clinicopathological significance. We also investigated the role of miR-223 in the regulation of FBXW7 expression in ESCC cell lines in an in vitro analysis.', 'We found that miR-223 expression was significantly higher in cancerous tissues than in the corresponding normal tissues. There was a significant inverse relationship between the expression levels of miR-223 and FBXW7 protein. Moreover, patients with high miR-223 expression demonstrated a significantly poorer prognosis than those with low expression. On the basis of a series of gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in vitro, we identified FBXW7 as a functional downstream target of miR-223.'] Does overexpression of microRNA-223 regulate the ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To test the hypothesis that levels of the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide production, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), would be greater in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) than in infants with BPD alone.', 'A case-control study of 23 patients with both BPD and PH (cases) and 95 patients with BPD but no evidence of PH (controls). Levels of ADMA were compared between cases and controls by t test.', 'Patients with both BPD and PH had greater plasma levels of ADMA than patients with BPD alone (P = .04). In samples drawn before 28 days of life, greater levels of ADMA were again found in cases compared with controls (P = .02). The plasma arginine-to-ADMA ratio was lower in cases than in controls (P = .03), suggesting a greater likelihood of inhibition of nitric oxide production in patients with both BPD and PH than in patients with BPD alone.'] Are plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine levels increased in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary and solid predominant subtypes was reported to be associated with poor prognosis; however, whether minor components (non-predominant) of micropapillary and solid subtypes predict poor prognosis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the predictive and prognostic value of lymph node metastasis of minor micropapillary and solid components.', 'Specimens of resected tumors of 1244 patients were reclassified to determine the predominant subtype and minor components (>5 %, but not predominant). Of these specimens, 105 contained a micropapillary component and 210 contained a solid component. The correlation between each subtype and lymph node metastasis was analyzed, and survival analyses were used to determine the association between each subtype and patient survival.', 'Adenocarcinomas harboring micropapillary and/or solid components held higher rates of metastatic lymph node stations (25.2 % vs. 15.6 %, p = 0.002; and 24.0 % vs. 14.9 %, p < 0.001, respectively) and lymph nodes (17.3 % vs. 10.1 %, p = 0.004; and 15.5 % vs. 9.7 %, p = 0.001, respectively). Patients with micropapillary and solid components in their tumors showed a shorter median recurrence-free survival (15.8 vs. 62.8 months, p < 0.001; and 20.8 months vs. not reached, p < 0.001) and overall survival (47.0 months vs. not reached, p < 0.001; and 69.0 months vs. not reached, p < 0.001).'] Are minor Components of Micropapillary and Solid Subtypes in Lung Adenocarcinoma Predictors of Lymph Node Metastasis and Poor Prognosis?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: [\"Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine 3; 5-HT(3)) receptors are involved in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), and 5-HT(3) antagonists are part of the 'gold standard' antiemetic treatment during chemotherapy. We investigated the correlation of common variants in 5-HT(3) receptor subunit genes with the occurrence of CINV.\", 'A total of 110 previously characterized chemotherapy-naive women with primary breast cancer treated with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy served as a study group for mutational analysis by direct sequencing. Eight common SNPs in the 5-HT(3) receptor genes, HTR3A, HTR3B, HTR3D and HTR3E, were selected for association analysis.', 'A nonsynonymous variant in HTR3D, p.G36A (rs6443930), was found to be over-represented in nonresponders, assuming a log-additive inheritance model (p = 0.048). Cox proportional regression analysis resulted in a hazards ratio of 0.36 for homozygous carriers of the C allele to vomit within 24 h after first chemotherapy administration (p = 0.049).'] Does polymorphism in HTR3D show different risks for acute chemotherapy-induced vomiting after anthracycline chemotherapy?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Cachexia is a common complication of cancer and may be responsible for 22% of all cancer-related deaths. The exact cause of death in cancer cachexia patients is unknown. Recently, atrophy of the heart has been described in cancer cachexia animal models, which resulted in impaired cardiac function and is likely to contribute to mortality. In cancer patients hyperuricaemia independent of tumour lysis syndrome is often associated with a worse prognosis. Xanthine oxidase (XO) metabolizes purines to uric acid and its inhibition has been shown to improve clinical outcome in patients with chronic heart failure.', 'The rat Yoshida AH-130 hepatoma cancer cachexia model was used in this study. Rats were treated with 4 or 40 mg/kg/d oxypurinol or placebo starting one day after tumour-inoculation for maximal 15 days. Cardiac function was analyzed by echocardiography on day 11.', 'Here we show that inhibition of XO by oxypurinol significantly reduces wasting of the heart and preserves cardiac function. LVEF was higher in tumour-bearing rats treated with 4 mg/kg/d (61±4%) or 40 mg/kg/d (64±5%) oxypurinol vs placebo (51±3%, both p<0.05). Fractional shortening was improved by 4 mg/kg/d (43±3%) oxypurinol vs placebo (30±2, p<0.05), while 40 mg/kg/d oxypurinol (41±5%) did not reach statistical significance. Cardiac output was increased in the 4 mg/kg/d dose only (71±11 mL/min vs placebo 38±4 mL/min, p<0.01).'] Does the xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol reduce cancer cachexia-induced cardiomyopathy?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Proteasome inhibition is an attractive approach to anticancer therapy and may have relevancy in breast cancer treatment. Natural products, such as dietary flavonoids, have been suggested as natural proteasome inhibitors with potential use for cancer prevention and therapeutics. We previously reported that apigenin, a flavonoid widely distributed in many fruits and vegetables, can inhibit proteasome activity and can induce apoptosis in cultured leukemia Jurkat T cells. Whether apigenin has proteasome-inhibitory activity in the highly metastatic human breast MDA-MB-231 cells and xenografts,however, is unknown.', 'MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell cultures and xenografts were treated with apigenin, followed by measurement of reduced cellular viability/proliferation,proteasome inhibition, and apoptosis induction. Inhibition of the proteasome was determined by levels of the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity, by ubiquitinated proteins, and by accumulation of proteasome target proteins in extracts of the treated cells or tumors. Apoptotic cell death was measured by caspase-3/caspase-7 activation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and immunohistochemistry for terminal nucleotidyltransferase-mediated nick end labeling positivity.', 'We report for the first time that apigenin inhibits the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity and induces apoptosis not only in cultured MDA-MB-231 cells but also in MDA-MB-231 xenografts. Furthermore, while apigenin has antibreast tumor activity, no apparent toxicity to the tested animals was observed.'] Is inhibition of proteasome activity by the dietary flavonoid apigenin associated with growth inhibition in cultured breast cancer cells and xenografts?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['* Very little is known about the physiology of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in the lungs. * Ex vivo evidence based on resected lung tissue suggests that pulmonary P-gp is upregulated by cigarette smoke, but there are no in vivo studies to date.'] Is pulmonary elimination rate of inhaled 99mTc-sestamibi radioaerosol delayed in healthy cigarette smokers?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The motor stimulant effects of the selective dopamine D2 receptor agonist, (+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (PHNO), develop both tolerance and sensitization depending on circadian rhythms and time of day. Daytime tolerance can be transiently reversed by stress. Given that only tolerance develops when rats are kept under constant light conditions, it seems plausible that the pineal hormone melatonin may determine the circadian rhythm in tolerance and sensitization.', 'The effects of pinealectomy on the development of sensitization and stress-induced reversal of tolerance to sensitization to the motor stimulant effects of PHNO were determined.', 'Sprague-Dawley rats were pinealectomized or given sham operations and administered continuously with PHNO (5 microg/h) via subcutaneously implanted mini-pumps. Injections of 2-iodo-melatonin were subsequently administered to determine if sensitization to PHNO could be reinstated in the pinealectomized animals, assuming that sensitization would be reduced.', 'Pinealectomy did not influence circadian rhythms in the development of sensitization and tolerance to PHNO. Pinealectomy blocked the motor activation effects of \"injection-stress\", and this effect was reinstated by treatment with 2-iodo-melatonin.'] Does pinealectomy block stress-induced motor stimulation but not sensitization and tolerance to a dopamine D2 receptor agonist?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) either originate in the thymus (natural [n]Treg) or are induced in the periphery by antigen exposure and cytokines (induced [i]Treg). It is currently not elucidated which and to what extent these Treg subsets regulate intracardiac allogeneic responses in transplant patients.', 'By using demethylation of the Treg-specific demethylated region in the FOXP3 gene as a marker for nTreg and FOXP3 messenger RNA expression as a marker for the total Treg population, we examined Treg in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) of both patients who developed an acute rejection necessitating therapy (rejectors; International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation rejection grade ≥ 2R) and patients who remained free from rejection (nonrejectors).', 'In the presence of comparable messenger RNA levels of CD3, IL-10, TGFβ, IL2, IFNγ, and IL17A, the percentage of nTreg was significantly higher in EMB with histological signs of mild rejection (rejection grade 1R) collected before rejection than in 1R EMB of nonrejectors. The total Treg population was comparable in 1R EMB of nonrejectors and 1R EMB collected before rejection, which suggests the presence of iTreg in the EMB of nonrejectors. The relative high percentage of nTreg after rejection was not related to the number of rejections, whereas the total Treg population was inversely related to the number of rejections the first year after transplantation.'] Do thymus-Derived Regulatory T Cells Infiltrate the Cardiac Allograft Before Rejection?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The role of wave reflections in the pathogenesis of acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) remains unclear. The present study investigated the long-term prognostic values of the carotid augmentation index (cAI), carotid augmented pressure (cAP), amplitude of the reflected pressure wave from a decomposed carotid pressure wave (Pb), and carotid pulse pressure (PP) on admission in patients hospitalized due to AHFS.', 'A total of 120 patients (72 ± 14 years, 83.3% men) hospitalized due to AHFS (55.8% with systolic heart failure) were enrolled. Measures of cAI, cAP, Pb, carotid PP, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) by tonometry and thoracic fluid content (TFC) by impedance cardiography were obtained within 24 h of admission. N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were determined before discharge. Patients were followed up for a median of 601 days, accruing 66 adverse events including re-hospitalization for heart failure, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and death. In univariate Cox analysis, all measures significantly predicted post-discharge events (all P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, cAP [hazard ratio per SD and 95% confidence interval: 1.32 (1.051-1.67), P = 0.017], Pb [1.44 (1.13-1.84), P = 0.004] and carotid PP [1.35 (1.05-1.73), P = 0.019], but not cAI, TFC, or cf-PWV, significantly independently predicted events with adjustments for age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, haemoglobin, and NT-proBNP.'] Do excessive wave reflections on admission predict post-discharge events in patients hospitalized due to acute heart failure?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The understanding that adipocytes are greatly influenced by thermal changes combined with the advancement of non-invasive ultrasound technologies have led to the application of ultrasound as an energy source to induce thermal fat destruction. While application of high intensity focused, ultrasound energy have been widely explored, there is far less information regarding the effects of non-focused ultrasound on adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of a novel transcutaneous, multi-elements, non-focused ultrasound energy regimen in an animal model, as a proof-of-concept of its potential to treat non-invasive subcutaneous benign tumors.', \"The non-invasive transcutaneous ultrasound system prototype (LUMENIS, Ltd., Yoqneam, Israel) was applied to thermally induce adipocytes' death. During treatment, the ultrasound energy was transmitted into the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of 12 domestic adult female pigs. Two modes of operation (long and short), which differ in both the acoustic energy applied to the tissue and in their time durations (i.e., differ in their power settings), were used in this study. Efficacy and safety assessments included: Temperature measurement of skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) visual inspection and ultrasound imaging of the thermally affected areas, histopathological assessment of tissue samples using hematoxylin & eosin, and Masson's trichrome stains and in situ cell death detection kit for apoptosis assessment.\", 'The long and short treatment modes led to a 13.2°C and 17.8°C rise from baseline, respectively, in the SAT, whereas skin surface temperature was practically unaffected. Visual, ultrasonographic, and histopathological evaluation of the treated area showed SAT ablation. No treatment-related changes were observed in the epidermis, dermis subcutaneous muscle and nerves, or in livers and kidneys of treated animals. Additionally, no significant changes from baseline in blood- and urine-borne analytes were detected post-treatment.'] Is a novel transcutaneous , non-focused ultrasound energy delivering device able to induce subcutaneous adipose tissue destruction in an animal model?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The molecular basis to overcome therapeutic resistance to treat glioblastoma remains unclear. The anti-apoptotic b cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) gene is associated with treatment resistance, and is transactivated by the paired box transcription factor 8 (PAX8). In earlier studies, we demonstrated that increased PAX8 expression in glioma cell lines was associated with the expression of telomerase. In this current study, we more extensively explored a role for PAX8 in gliomagenesis.', 'PAX8 expression was measured in 156 gliomas including telomerase-negative tumours, those with the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism or with a non-defined telomere maintenance mechanism (NDTMM), using immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR. We also tested the affect of PAX8 knockdown using siRNA in cell lines on cell survival and BCL2 expression.', 'Seventy-two percent of glioblastomas were PAX8-positive (80% telomerase, 73% NDTMM, and 44% ALT). The majority of the low-grade gliomas and normal brain cells were PAX8-negative. The suppression of PAX8 was associated with a reduction in both cell growth and BCL2, suggesting that a reduction in PAX8 expression would sensitise tumours to cell death.'] Does increased paired box transcription factor 8 have a survival function in glioma?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The shortened esophagus has long been recognized as a potential complicating factor for reflux surgery or the repair of paraesophageal hernias. We discuss the incidence of shortened esophagus encountered in a prospective series of laparoscopic hiatal hernia repairs and present our current operative strategies for dealing with this problem, including a new technique for preforming a cut Collis gastroplasty for severe cases.', 'A prospectively gathered database on laparoscopic fundoplications (n = 213) and giant paraesophageal hernia repairs (n = 25) revealed 34 (14%) patients who had shortened esophagus as defined by the gastroesophageal (GE) junction being > 5 cm above the hiatus. Presentation preoperative diagnosis, operative times, techniques, and outcomes were evaluated.', 'Three categories of dissection were determined from review of the operative data of these 34 patients. Category I (a normal esophagus easily brought into the abdominal cavity with minimal dissection) occurred in 30% of patients. Category II occurred in 50% of patients and was defined as shortened esophagus requiring extensive mediastinal dissection to allow the GE junction to be brought 2 cm below the diaphragm. Category III patients (20%) were unable, in spite of extensive dissection, to have their GE junction sufficiently reduced to permit fundoplication. Four of these patients had a simple cural closure and gastropexy. Three patients underwent an endoscopic Collis gastroplasty to lengthen the esophagus and allow a tension-free fundoplication. Patients who had a type I or type III dissection with Collis gastroplasty did uniformly well. Patients having type II dissections or no fundoplication had a higher rate of postoperative hernia recurrences and reflux disease.'] Is laparoscopic Collis gastroplasty the treatment of choice for the shortened esophagus?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) have been widely reported. In the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes are the major source for LIF, expression of which is enhanced following disturbances leading to neuronal damage. How astrocytic LIF expression is regulated, however, has remained an unanswered question. Since neuronal stress is associated with production of extracellular adenosine, we investigated whether LIF expression in astrocytes was mediated through adenosine receptor signaling.', 'Mouse cortical neuronal and astrocyte cultures from wild-type and adenosine A(2B) receptor knock-out animals, as well as adenosine receptor agonists/antagonists and various enzymatic inhibitors, were used to study LIF expression and release in astrocytes. When needed, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test was used for statistical analysis.', \"We show here that glutamate-stressed cortical neurons induce LIF expression through activation of adenosine A(2B) receptor subtype in cultured astrocytes and require signaling of protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs: p38 and ERK1/2), and the nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB. Moreover, LIF concentration in the supernatant in response to 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide (NECA) stimulation was directly correlated to de novo protein synthesis, suggesting that LIF release did not occur through a regulated release pathway. Immunocytochemistry experiments show that LIF-containing vesicles co-localize with clathrin and Rab11, but not with pHogrin, Chromogranin (Cg)A\\u2009and\\u2009CgB, suggesting that LIF might be secreted through recycling endosomes. We further show that pre-treatment with supernatants from NECA-treated astrocytes increased survival of cultured cortical neurons against glutamate, which was absent when the supernatants were pre-treated with an anti-LIF neutralizing antibody.\"] Does adenosine A2B receptor-mediated leukemia inhibitory factor release from astrocytes protect cortical neurons against excitotoxicity?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene encodes a transmembrane protein which is highly homologous to epidermal growth factor receptor. Overexpression of this c-erbB-2 protein has been reported in many human carcinomas, including breast carcinoma. However, there have been few studies of the expression of c-erbB-2 in cholangiocarcinoma and hepatolithiasis, a condition occasionally associated with cholangiocarcinoma.', 'In this study, we evaluated immunoreactivity for the c-erbB-2 protein in human cholangiocarcinomas (n = 47), hepatolithiasis (n = 20), fetal livers (n = 36) and normal adult livers (n = 6). In normal adult livers and fetal livers, expression of c-erbB-2 protein could not be detected in hepatocytes or intrahepatic biliary cells. In hepatolithiasis, there was overexpression of c-erbB-2 in 15/20 (75%). The expression was found with a membranous pattern on the proliferated intrahepatic bile ducts and proliferated intrahepatic peribiliary glands around the bile ducts containing stones. Hepatocytes were negative for c-erbB-2 protein. Moreover, the biliary cell expression of the c-erbB-2 protein correlated significantly with Ki67 labelling index. On the other hand, aberrant expression of c-erbB-2 was found in 33/47 (70%) cholangiocarcinomas. The c-erbB-2 expression in cholangiocarcinomas did not correlate with Ki67 labelling index or p53 expression.'] Is c-erbB-2 protein expressed in hepatolithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['We evaluated the role of FDG-PET/CT in patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma before palliative chemotherapy to predict prognosis and chemotherapeutic response.', 'The study included 35 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent FDG-PET/CT before palliative chemotherapy. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor was assessed to evaluate survival and chemotherapeutic response. Survival analysis was performed for time to progression and overall survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine independent prognostic factors.', 'All primary tumors were visualized using FDG-PET/CT (mean SUVmax = 8.1 ± 4.5, range 2.5-22.1). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FDG-PET/CT in detection of solid organ metastasis were 95.2% (20/21), 100% (14/14), and 97.1% (34/35), respectively. No significant difference of primary tumor SUVmax was found among the chemotherapeutic response groups. Univariate survival analysis demonstrated ECOG performance status (≥2), presence of solid organ metastasis, number of organs involved in distant metastasis (≥2), and SUVmax of the primary tumor (>8) as significant predictors for poor overall survival. Multivariate survival analysis showed SUVmax of the primary tumor (P = 0.048), presence of solid organ metastasis (P = 0.015), and ECOG performance status (P = 0.002) as significant independent prognostic predictors for overall survival.'] Does high FDG uptake in PET/CT predict worse prognosis in patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: [\"While farmers' markets are a potential strategy to increase access to fruits and vegetables in rural areas, more information is needed regarding use of farmers' markets among rural residents. Thus, this study's purpose was to examine (1) socio-demographic characteristics of participants; (2) barriers and facilitators to farmers' market shopping in southern rural communities; and (3) associations between farmers' market use with fruit and vegetable consumption and body mass index (BMI).\", \"Cross-sectional surveys were conducted with a purposive sample of farmers' market customers and a representative sample of primary household food shoppers in eastern North Carolina (NC) and the Appalachian region of Kentucky (KY). Customers were interviewed using an intercept survey instrument at farmers' markets. Representative samples of primary food shoppers were identified via random digit dial (RDD) cellular phone and landline methods in counties that had at least one farmers' market. All questionnaires assessed socio-demographic characteristics, food shopping patterns, barriers to and facilitators of farmers' market shopping, fruit and vegetable consumption and self-reported height and weight. The main outcome measures were fruit and vegetable consumption and BMI. Descriptive statistics were used to examine socio-demographic characteristics, food shopping patterns, and barriers and facilitators to farmers' market shopping. Linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between farmers' market use with fruit and vegetable consumption and BMI, controlling for age, race, education, and gender.\", 'Among farmers\\' market customers, 44% and 55% (NC and KY customers, respectively) reported shopping at a farmers\\' market at least weekly, compared to 16% and 18% of NC and KY RDD respondents. Frequently reported barriers to farmers\\' market shopping were market days and hours, \"only come when I need something\", extreme weather, and market location. Among the KY farmers\\' market customers and NC and KY RDD respondents, fruit and vegetable consumption was positively associated with use of farmers\\' markets. There were no associations between use of farmers\\' markets and BMI.'] Is farmers ' market use associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in diverse southern rural communities?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Angiotensin II (Ang II) formation by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or other enzymes has shown to exhibit profibrotic properties in a variety of fibrotic diseases. A homologue of ACE called ACE2 has been shown to counteract the formation of Ang II. Genetic variation in the components involved in Ang II formation may underlie the progression of pulmonary sarcoidosis.', 'Seven ACE2 SNPs, located on the X-chromosome, were investigated using SSP-PCR and haplotypes were constructed. Gender-matched analyses of sarcoidosis patients (80 males/64 females) and controls (110 males/218 females) were performed to correlate disease susceptibility and pulmonary disease phenotypes with ACE2 genotypes and haplotypes.', 'ACE2 SNPs or haplotypes were not associated with susceptibility for sarcoidosis. Haplotype 4 was only present in sarcoid males without parenchymal involvement (frequency: 0.19) and absent in males with parenchymal involvement (p = 0.006; pcorr. = 0.05; degrees of freedom (df) = 1; OR = 0). No significant difference was observed between haplotype 4 frequencies in females with (0.08) or without (0.13) parenchymal involvement (p = 0.5). Although not significant after correction, analysis of the patient group with fibrosis showed that males with haplotype 5 (0.27) were predominant over those with haplotype 5 of the groups without fibrosis (0.03); p = 0.01; pc = 0.08; df = 1; OR = 11.4. Females with fibrosis vs. no fibrosis revealed no difference between haplotype 5 frequencies: 0.05 vs. 0.03; p = 0.37; pc = 1; df = 1.'] Are angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) haplotypes associated with pulmonary disease phenotypes in sarcoidosis patients?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes with the severity of biliary atresia (BA).', 'One hundred and fourteen BA patients and 114 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Relative telomere length (RTL) was assessed using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate RTL as an independent risk factor of BA. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to calculate the accuracy of biomarkers in the prediction of liver cirrhosis.', 'BA patients had significantly shorter telomeres than healthy controls (p < 0.0001). The RTL in BA patients with jaundice was considerably lower than that of patients without jaundice (p = 0.005). Moreover, RTL was markedly shorter in patients with cirrhosis (F4), as compared to patients with mild fibrosis (F2) and non-fibrosis (F0-F1, p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that short RTL was associated with a higher risk of liver cirrhosis in BA. Tertile analysis showed a dose-response effect for this association (p trend < 0.0001). Additionally, RTL in BA children revealed a negative correlation with age (r = -0.50, p < 0.001). We noted an association between reduction of RTL and liver stiffness scores, adjusted for age and gender (b = -0.01, p < 0.0001). Short RTL can be employed to distinguish cirrhosis patients from non-cirrhosis patients (AUC = 0.78). Further analysis showed a linear correlation between leukocyte RTL and liver RTL in BA patients (r = 0.83, p < 0.001).'] Does telomere Length in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes be Associated with Severity of Biliary Atresia?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) exerts a protective effect on the development of atherosclerotic vascular complications by inhibiting RAGE-mediated inflammatory response. In contrast, extracellular newly identified RAGE-binding protein (EN-RAGE) contributes to increased atherosclerosis as a pro-inflammatory ligand for RAGE. We determined the levels of sRAGE and EN-RAGE in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and evaluated their relationship with carotid atherosclerosis.', 'A cross-sectional study was performed in 91 PD patients and 29 control subjects. Carotid IMT (cIMT) and abdominal aortic vascular calcification score (VCS) were evaluated using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography and plain radiographic film of the lateral abdomen.', 'Plasma sRAGE and EN-RAGE levels were more than twice as higher in PD patients compared to controls. EN-RAGE showed a strong positive correlation with serum high-sensitivity CRP (p=0.007) and IL-6 (p=0.002), whereas sRAGE was negatively associated with those inflammatory markers (p=0.001, p=0.031). Even after adjustments for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, both sRAGE and EN-RAGE were independently associated with cIMT (β=-0.230, p=0.037, β=0.155, p=0.045) and VCS (β=-0.205, p=0.049, β=0.197, p=0.156). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that old age (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.25, p=0.009), presence of diabetes (OR 13.4, 95% CI: 1.20-150.18, p=0.035) and elevated plasma EN-RAGE (OR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.05-5.11, p=0.048) were significant predictors for the occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis (cIMT>1.0mm and/or plaque formation).'] Are plasma levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products ( sRAGE ) and proinflammatory ligand for RAGE ( EN-RAGE ) associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with peritoneal dialysis?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['A limited number of genetic risk factors have been reported in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). To discover further genetic susceptibility factors for PSC, we followed up on a second tier of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS).', 'We analyzed 45 SNPs in 1221 PSC cases and 3508 controls. The association results from the replication analysis and the original GWAS (715 PSC cases and 2962 controls) were combined in a meta-analysis comprising 1936 PSC cases and 6470 controls. We performed an analysis of bile microbial community composition in 39 PSC patients by 16S rRNA sequencing.', 'Seventeen SNPs representing 12 distinct genetic loci achieved nominal significance (p(replication) <0.05) in the replication. The most robust novel association was detected at chromosome 1p36 (rs3748816; p(combined)=2.1 × 10(-8)) where the MMEL1 and TNFRSF14 genes represent potential disease genes. Eight additional novel loci showed suggestive evidence of association (p(repl) <0.05). FUT2 at chromosome 19q13 (rs602662; p(comb)=1.9 × 10(-6), rs281377; p(comb)=2.1 × 10(-6) and rs601338; p(comb)=2.7 × 10(-6)) is notable due to its implication in altered susceptibility to infectious agents. We found that FUT2 secretor status and genotype defined by rs601338 significantly influence biliary microbial community composition in PSC patients.'] Does extended analysis of a genome-wide association study in primary sclerosing cholangitis detect multiple novel risk loci?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['This study provides global transcriptomic profiling and analysis of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A)-treated muscle over a 1-year period.', 'Microarray analysis was performed on rat tibialis anterior muscles from 4 groups (n\\u2009=\\u20094/group) at 1, 4, 12, and 52 weeks after BoNT-A injection compared with saline-injected rats at 12 weeks.', 'Dramatic transcriptional adaptation occurred at 1 week with a paradoxical increase in expression of slow and immature isoforms, activation of genes in competing pathways of repair and atrophy, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, and increased metal ion imbalance. Adaptations of the basal lamina and fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) occurred by 4 weeks. The muscle transcriptome returned to its unperturbed state 12 weeks after injection.'] Does systems analysis of transcriptional data provide insights into muscle 's biological response to botulinum toxin?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Radiofrequency (RF) ablation of arrhythmias induces myocardial damage and release of biomarkers. This study aimed to assess the kinetics of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (h-FABP), a cytosolic protein released after myocardial injury incurred by both atrial and ventricular RF ablation, compared to other markers of myocardial injury.', 'h-FABP, cTnI, CK-MB(mass) and myoglobin were evaluated in 30 patients with atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmias before, immediately after and at 3, 6 and 24h after the procedure.', 'h-FABP increased immediately after the procedure in all subjects (6.6 ± 1.2 μg/L vs 2.7 ± 0.3, p<0.001) but increased significantly only in ventricular ablations. The peak of h-FABP significantly correlates with the values of time for mean power of RF application in both the entire patient cohort and in ventricular ablations.'] Is heart-type fatty acid binding protein an early marker of myocardial damage after radiofrequency catheter ablation?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['hPTTG1 (human pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1) is an oncogene overexpressed in breast cancer and several other types of cancer. Increased hPTTG1 expression has been shown to be associated with poor patient outcomes in breast cancer. Although hPTTG1 overexpression plays important roles in promoting the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells, it also has been suggested to induce cellular senescence. Deciphering the mechanism by which hPTTG1 overexpression induces these contradictory actions in breast cancer cells is critical to our understanding of the role of hPTTG1 in breast cancer development.', 'MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells were used to identify the mechanism of hPTTG1-induced senescence. The interplay between hPTTG1 overexpression and chemokine C-X-C motif receptor 2 (CXCR2)/p21-dependent senescence in tumor growth and metastasis of MCF-7 cells was investigated by orthotopic transplantation of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Additionally, human invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissue arrays were used to confirm the hPTTG1/CXCR2/p21 axis established in vitro.', 'In this study, we investigated the mechanism of hPTTG1-induced senescence as well as its role in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Herein, we showed that hPTTG1 overexpression reinforced senescence through the CXCR2/p21 signaling. Furthermore, hPTTG1 overexpression activated NF-κB signaling to transactivate the expression of interleukin (IL)-8 and growth-regulated oncogene alpha (GROα) to execute CXCR2 signaling in MCF-7 cells. When CXCR2 expression was knocked down in hPTTG1-overexpressing MCF-7 cells, hPTTG1-induced senescence was abrogated by alleviating CXCR2-induced p21 expression. In a mouse model, CXCR2-mediated senescence limited hPTTG1-induced tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, CXCR2 knockdown in hPTTG1-overexpressing MCF-7 tumors dramatically accelerated tumor growth and metastasis. Our in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that hPTTG1 overexpression reinforces senescence through CXCR2 signaling, and the evasion of CXCR2/p21-dependent senescence was critical to hPTTG1 exerting its oncogenic potential. Interestingly, although CXCR2-dependent senescence restrained hPTTG1-induced tumor progression, when MCF-7 cells and hPTTG1-overexpressing MCF-7 cells were co-transplanted into the mammary fat pads of SCID mice, hPTTG1-overexpressing senescent cells created a metastasis-promoting microenvironment that promoted lung metastasis of the MCF-7 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of human breast tumor samples also confirmed the importance of the hPTTG1/CXCR2 axis in promoting breast cancer metastasis.'] Does human pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 overexpression reinforce oncogene-induced senescence through CXCR2/p21 signaling in breast cancer cells?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The economic merit of universal prophylaxis and preemptive therapy in the management of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection for serology positive (R+) kidney transplant patients remains undefined. We performed cost effectiveness and cost utility modeling comparing these two approaches.', 'The incidence of CMV infection under universal prophylaxis and preemptive therapy was determined among 653 R+ patients from our institution and 416 R+ patients from various clinic trials, respectively. Standardized decision tree analysis and Markov transitional models were used to calculate cost and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) from the prototypical clinical data and published literature. Incremental cost effectiveness and cost utility were calculated as dollars for one case of infection avoided and one QALY gained over 10 years, respectively. One- and two-way sensitivity analyses were performed.', 'The incidence of CMV infection was 4.1% and 55.5% within the first year after transplant for universal prophylaxis and preemptive therapy, respectively. Compared with preemptive therapy, universal prophylaxis incurred $1464 more in direct cost while saving $7309 in indirect cost, and resulted in a net gain of 0.209 in QALYs per patient over a 10-year period. Thus, universal prophylaxis dominates over preemptive therapy with a cost saving of $27,967 for 1 QALY gained. This cost saving was sensitive to the variation in the rate of CMV infection and disease with each approach.'] Is universal prophylaxis cost effective in cytomegalovirus serology-positive kidney transplant patients?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To assess the relationship between diet and disease, consideration of whole-diet indices may be more informative than single-nutrient intake. The present study was conducted to report the relationship among dietary diversity score (DDS), obesity and abdominal adiposity among female university students.', 'Cross-sectional study.', 'Isfahan, Iran.', 'A representative sample of 289 healthy female students aged 18-28 years was selected randomly from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. DDS was calculated according to the scoring of the five food groups based on the US Department of Agriculture Food Guide Pyramid. This is a score of diet variety, and shows the diversity of the consumed diet. Participants were categorised on the basis of quartile cut-off points of DDS. Potential confounders such as age, total energy intake and physical activity were considered in all the analyses.', 'The means (sd) of BMI and waist circumference were 25.9 (sd 5.1) kg/m2 and 85·5 (sd 14) cm, respectively. The probability of obesity decreased with quartiles of DDS (OR among quartiles: 1.00, 0.41, 0.31 and 0.21, P = 0.03; this was the same for abdominal adiposity: 1.00, 0.55, 0.36 and 0.21, P = 0.02). Those in the lowest quartile of the DDS had the highest risk for being overweight.'] Is dietary diversity score related to obesity and abdominal adiposity among Iranian female youth?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Molecular, cellular, and animal studies have established that overexpressed proline-directed protein kinase F(A) (PDPK F(A)) is essential for the development of tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis of human cancer cells. However, the prognostic role of PDPK F(A) in cancer patients remains largely unknown. In this study, association of PDPK F(A) expression with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients was examined.', 'PDPK F(A) expression in the resected tumors of 134 HCC patients (112 men and 22 women) with ages ranging from 33 to 83 years (mean, 55 years) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Highly condensed cytoplasmic and nuclear PDPK F(A) associated with tumor cells was used as the major scoring parameter for positive PDPK F(A) expression.', 'Approximately 68% of the patients (91 of 134) exhibited positive PDPK F(A) expression. Patients with positive PDPK F(A) showed poorer disease-free survival and overall survival (P < .001). Cox multivariate regression analysis further established PDPK F(A) as the strongest independent prognosticator for progression and patient survival of HCC (hazard ratio [HR], 2.878; 95% CI, 1.634 to 5.067 for disease-free survival; and HR, 5.035; 95% CI, 2.137 to 11.866 for overall survival; P < .001).'] Is proline-directed protein kinase FA a powerful and independent prognostic predictor for progression and patient survival of hepatocellular carcinoma?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The goal of this study was to determine whether an association exists between circulating microRNA (miRNA) levels and disease progression in chronic hepatitis C (CHC), whether plasma or extracellular vesicles (EVs) were optimal for miRNA measurement and their correlation with hepatic miRNA expression, and the mechanistic plausibility of this association. We studied 130 CHC patients prospectively followed over several decades. A comprehensive miRNA profile in plasma using microarray with 2578 probe sets showed 323 miRNAs differentially expressed between healthy individuals and CHC patients, but only six that distinguished patients with mild versus severe chronic hepatitis. Eventually, let-7a/7c/7d-5p and miR-122-5p were identified as candidate predictors of disease progression. Cross-sectional analyses at the time of initial liver biopsy showed that reduced levels of let-7a/7c/7d-5p (let-7s) in plasma were correlated with advanced histological hepatic fibrosis stage and other fibrotic markers, whereas miR-122-5p levels in plasma were positively correlated with inflammatory activity, but not fibrosis. Measuring let-7s levels in EVs was not superior to intact plasma for discriminating significant hepatic fibrosis. Longitudinal analyses in 60 patients with paired liver biopsies showed that let-7s levels in plasma markedly declined over time in parallel with fibrosis progression. However, circulating let-7s levels did not parallel those in the liver.'] Do circulating let-7 levels in plasma and extracellular vesicles correlate with hepatic fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Dozens of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene have been reported to be associated with lipid concentrations. The aim of this study was to validate the association between rs1059611 in the LPL gene and serum lipid concentrations in the Chinese Han population and explore the biological relevance.', 'A total of 5664 participants were recruited and genotyped for the SNP. Gene expression levels of LPL in blood cells were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blotting analysis. The functional potential of the SNP was examined by luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA).', 'We observed significant associations between rs1059611 and increased HDL-C (P = 5.65 × 10(-5)) and decreased TG concentrations (P = 2.68 × 10(-7)). We also found that participants with the C allele had higher mRNA expression level (P = 0.0334) and protein expression level (P = 0.0641) of LPL. The luciferase activity of the rs1059611 T construct was 0.69-fold of the rs1059611 C construct (P = 0.0009). The EMSA showed that the binding of the transcription factor(s) differed for the alleles of the SNP.'] Does lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism rs1059611 functionally influence serum lipid concentrations?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Although Helicobacter pylori has been established as a major etiologic factor of chronic gastritis and makes an important contribution to peptic ulceration, the reason why H. pylori causes different gastroduodenal diseases in different people is at present not clear.', 'The aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with duodenal ulcers in H. pylori-infected patients in a multivariate context.', 'Demographic data, personal habits, stressful life events, psychologic distress, severity of histology of antral mucosa, and serum pepsinogen I concentrations were studied in 54 consecutive dyspeptic patients with duodenal ulcers and 40 patients with functional dyspepsia.', 'As compared with functional dyspepsia patients, duodenal ulcer patients had more smokers (53.7% vs. 12.5%, P=0.000), higher pepsinogen I levels (median 96.0 vs. 74.5 ng/mL; P=0.002), more males (74.1% vs. 42.5%, P=0.004), more single (22.6% vs. 7.5%, P<0.05), and less in religion belief (44% vs. 70%, P<0.05). Only smoking remained significant on multivariate analysis (odds ratio=10.86, 95% CI=2.92-40.41, P<0.001). Among nonsmokers, only serum pepsinogen I level was found higher in duodenal ulcer patients as compared with functional dyspepsia patients (88 vs. 71, P<0.05).'] Are smoking and hyperpepsinogenemia associated with increased risk for duodenal ulcer in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Patients who undergo endovascular treatment of superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease vary greatly in lesion complexity and treatment options. This study examined the association of lesion severity and cost of SFA stenting and to determine if procedure cost affects primary patency at 1 year.', 'A retrospective record review identified patients undergoing initial SFA stenting between January 1, 2010, and February 1, 2012. Medical records were reviewed to collect data on demographics, comorbidities, indication for the procedure, TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II severity, and primary patency. The interventional radiology database and hospital accounting database were queried to determine cost drivers of SFA stenting. Procedure supply cost included any item with a bar code used for the procedure. Associations between cost drivers and lesion characteristics were explored. Primary patency was determined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and a log-rank test.', 'During the study period, 95 patients underwent stenting in 98 extremities; of these, 61% of SFA stents were performed for claudication, with 80% of lesions classified as TASC II A or B. Primary patency at 1 year was 79% for the entire cohort. The mean total cost per case was $10,333. Increased procedure supply cost was associated with adjunct device use, the number of stents, and TASC II severity. Despite higher costs of treating more complex lesions, primary patency at 1 year was similar at 80% for high-cost (supply cost >$4000) vs 78% for low-cost (supply cost <$4000) interventions.'] Does lesion complexity drive the cost of superficial femoral artery endovascular interventions?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To determine the cause of resistance to the aminoglycosides gentamicin and tobramycin in Acinetobacter isolates and the location of the resistance genes.', 'Australian Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were screened for resistance to aminoglycosides. PCR followed by restriction digestion of amplicons was used to detect genes and plasmids. Plasmids were isolated and examined by restriction digestion. Plasmid DNA sequences were determined and bioinformatic analysis was used to identify features. The sequence of the bla(OXA-Ab) gene and multilocus sequence typing were used to determine strain types.', 'Isolates that exhibited resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin and tobramycin were of diverse strain types. These isolates all carried the aadB gene cassette, and in all but one the cassette was in a 6 kb plasmid similar to pRAY. The three plasmid sequences determined revealed multiple frame-shift differences in the available pRAY sequence that altered the reading frames. In pRAY*, mobA and mobC mobilization genes were identified, but no potential replication initiation protein was found. pRAY*-v1 differed from pRAY* by 66 single-base differences, and pRAY*-v2 included two insertion sequences, ISAba22, located upstream of the aadB gene cassette, and IS18-like, within ISAba22.'] Are variants of the gentamicin and tobramycin resistance plasmid pRAY widely distributed in Acinetobacter?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To determine whether topical administration of a corticosteroid improves resolution of acute tympanostomy tube otorrhea when combined with topical antibiotic drops.', \"Randomized, patient-masked, parallel-group, multicenter trial of topical otic ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone versus topical ciprofloxacin alone in 201 children aged 6 months to 12 years with acute otitis media with tympanostomy tubes (AOMT) of less than or equal to 3 weeks' duration and visible otorrhea.\", 'Eligible patients were randomized to receive three drops of either ciprofloxacin 0.3%/dexamethasone 0.1% or ciprofloxacin 0.3% into the affected ear or ears twice daily for 7 days. Clinical signs and symptoms of AOMT were evaluated on days 1 (baseline), 3, 8 (end-of-therapy), and 14 (test-of-cure), and twice-daily assessments of otorrhea were recorded in patient diaries.', 'The mean time to cessation of otorrhea in the microbiologically culture-positive patient population (n = 167) was significantly shorter with topical ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone than with ciprofloxacin alone (4.22 vs. 5.31 days; P =.004). This resulted in significantly better clinical responses on days 3 and 8 (P <.0001 and P =.0499, respectively). However, there were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in either the clinical response or the microbial eradication rate by day 14.'] Is topical ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone superior to ciprofloxacin alone in pediatric patients with acute otitis media and otorrhea through tympanostomy tubes?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: [\"Data on repeat mammography rates are less available than for recent screening. Two large, population-based state surveys provide the opportunity to investigate repeat and recent mammography prevalence and correlates among California's diverse population.\", 'Data were from women aged 55-79, using the 2001 and 2005 California Health Interview Surveys. The study assessed the prevalence and correlates of recent mammography (within the past two years) and repeat mammography (mammogram within the past two years and 3-11 mammograms within the past six years).', 'Prevalence was 82.4% (recent) and 73.8% (repeat) in 2001, and 87.1% (recent) and 77.5% (repeat) in 2005. Correlates of lower rates were insurance status, no usual source of care, being a smoker, age 65-79, being Asian with no English proficiency, being never married, and lower absolute risk for breast cancer. Especially low ratios of repeat-to-recent mammography existed for the uninsured, and those using the emergency room or with no source of care. Unexpected findings in which unadjusted results were inconsistent with multivariable adjusted results occurred for Latinas with no English proficiency and women at 200-299% of poverty level.'] Does prevalence and correlate of recent and repeat mammography among California women ages 55-79?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Intestinal microflora is deranged in hemodialysis (HD) patients as increased aerobacteria such as Escherichia coli, and decreased anaerobacteria such as bifidobacteria. Indole, a precursor of indoxyl sulfate, is produced by E coli but not by bifidobacteria. The serum levels of indoxyl sulfate are increased markedly in HD patients and cannot be reduced efficiently by HD because of its albumin binding.', 'To compare the effect of oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum in gastro-resistant seamless capsule (Bifina) on indoxyl sulfate levels with that of Bifidobacteria in powder formulation (Lac B), Bifina was administered to 11 HD patients for 5 weeks, and Lac B to another group of 11 HD patients for 5 weeks. The authors measured the serum level of indoxyl sulfate by using high-performance liquid chromatography.', 'The pre-HD serum levels of indoxyl sulfate significantly decreased in Bifina-treated patients (before, 4.9 +/- 1.7 mg/dL, 4.5 mg/dL, mean +/- SD, median, after 5 weeks, 3.5 +/- 1.3 mg/dL, 3.8 mg/dL; P < 0.005). However, they did not decrease in the Lac B-treated patients (before, 4.8 +/- 1.4 mg/dL, 4.5 mg/dL, after 5 weeks, 5.2 +/- 2.0 mg/dL, 5.1 mg/dL).'] Does bifidobacterium in gastro-resistant seamless capsule reduce serum levels of indoxyl sulfate in patients on hemodialysis?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Immunologic mechanisms mediated by proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Although monocytes are the major source of such cytokines, little is known about their cytokine generation capacities in heart failure.', 'We measured plasma levels of 7 major monocyte-related cytokines and the generation capacity of monocytes for 3 cytokines (interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) on stimulation by lipopolysaccharide in 45 consecutive patients with heart failure and 27 controls. The cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.', 'The generation capacities of monocytes for all 3 cytokines were decreased in patients with worsened outcome during hospitalization and the monocyte capacities were significantly reduced in patients with severe heart failure (New York Heart Association class IV). There was a significant negative correlation between the cytokine generation capacities of monocytes and the plasma cortisol levels. Moreover, cortisol significantly inhibited the cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes ex vivo.'] Are cytokine generation capacities of monocytes reduced in patients with severe heart failure?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To study the effect of supplementing biotin to sperm preparation medium on the motility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa.', \"Semen samples of men attending the University infertility clinic (n\\u2009=\\u2009105) were cryopreserved using glycerol-egg yolk-citrate buffered cryoprotective medium in liquid nitrogen. After a period of two weeks, the semen samples were thawed and the motile spermatozoa were extracted by swim-up technique using Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) medium supplemented with either biotin (10 nM) or pentoxifylline (1 mM). The post-wash motility was observed up to 4 h after incubation.\", 'Both biotin and pentoxifylline supplementation resulted in significant increase in total motility (p\\u2009<\\u20090.05), progressive motility (p\\u2009<\\u20090.001) and rapid progressive motility (p\\u2009<\\u20090.05 v/s biotin and p\\u2009<\\u20090.01 v/s pentoxifylline) compared to the control at 1 h post-incubation period. Significantly higher percentage of total (p\\u2009<\\u20090.01, p\\u2009<\\u20090.05 in biotin and pentoxifylline respectively), progressive (p\\u2009<\\u20090.001) and rapid progressive motilities (p\\u2009<\\u20090.01) were observed in these two groups even at 2 h compared to the control. In the control group at 4 h after incubation, ~11% decline in total motility and ~8% decline in progressive motility was observed. However, in both biotin and pentoxifylline group the motility was significantly higher than control (p\\u2009<\\u20090.001). No significant difference in the motility was observed between biotin and pentoxifylline groups at any of the time intervals studied.'] Does supplementation of biotin to sperm preparation medium increase the motility and longevity in cryopreserved human spermatozoa?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The twofold greater lifetime risk of fracturing a bone for white women compared with white men and black women has been attributed in part to differences in how the skeletal system accumulates bone mass during growth. On average, women build more slender long bones with less cortical area compared with men. Although slender bones are known to have a naturally lower cortical area compared with wider bones, it remains unclear whether the relatively lower cortical area of women is consistent with their increased slenderness or is reduced beyond that expected for the sex-specific differences in bone size and body size. Whether this sexual dimorphism is consistent with ethnic background and is recapitulated in the widely used mouse model also remains unclear.', 'We asked (1) do black women build bones with reduced cortical area compared with black men; (2) do white women build bones with reduced cortical area compared with white men; and (3) do female mice build bones with reduced cortical area compared with male mice?', 'Bone strength and cross-sectional morphology of adult human and mouse bone were calculated from quantitative CT images of the femoral midshaft. The data were tested for normality and regression analyses were used to test for differences in cortical area between men and women after adjusting for body size and bone size by general linear model (GLM).', 'Linear regression analysis showed that the femurs of black women had 11% lower cortical area compared with those of black men after adjusting for body size and bone size (women: mean=357.7 mm2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 347.9-367.5 mm2; men: mean=400.1 mm2; 95% CI, 391.5-408.7 mm2; effect size=1.2; p<0.001, GLM). Likewise, the femurs of white women had 12% less cortical area compared with those of white men after adjusting for body size and bone size (women: mean=350.1 mm2; 95% CI, 340.4-359.8 mm2; men: mean=394.3 mm2; 95% CI, 386.5-402.1 mm2; effect size=1.3; p<0.001, GLM). In contrast, female and male femora from recombinant inbred mouse strains showed the opposite trend; femurs from female mice had a 4% larger cortical area compared with those of male mice after adjusting for body size and bone size (female: mean=0.73 mm2; 95% CI, 0.71-0.74 mm2; male: mean=0.70 mm2; 95% CI, 0.68-0.71 mm2; effect size=0.74; p=0.04, GLM).'] Do women Build Long Bones With Less Cortical Mass Relative to Body Size and Bone Size Compared With Men?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Chemokines contribute to inflammatory responses by inducing leukocyte migration and extravasation. In addition, chemoattractants other than classical chemokines can also be present. Many chemokines have been demonstrated to cooperate, leading to an augmentation in leukocyte recruitment and providing a potential role for the presence of multiple chemoattractants. Extracellular cyclophilins are a group of alternative chemotactic factors, which can be highly elevated during various inflammatory responses and, as we have previously shown, can contribute significantly to neutrophil recruitment in an animal model of acute lung inflammation. In the current studies we investigated whether the most abundant extracellular cyclophilin, CypA, has the capacity to function in partnership with 2 classical chemokines known to be secreted in the same model, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2/CXCL2 and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC)/CXCL1.', 'Neutrophil migration in response to combinations of CypA and MIP-2 or CypA and KC was measured by in vitro chemotaxis assays. Biochemical responses of neutrophils incubated with the combinations of chemoattractants were determined by changes in chemokine receptor internalization and actin polymerization measured by flow cytometry, and changes in intracellular calcium mobilization measured with a calcium sensitive fluorochrome.', 'A combination of CypA and MIP-2, but not KC, augmented neutrophil migration. Based on the level of augmentation, the cooperation between CypA and MIP-2 appeared to be synergistic. Evidence that CypA and MIP-2 cooperate at the biochemical level was demonstrated by increases in receptor internalization, calcium mobilization, and actin polymerization.'] Does cyclophilin A cooperate with MIP-2 to augment neutrophil migration?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Extremely low-frequency (50\\xa0Hz) electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is produced by electric power transmission lines and electronic devices of everyday use. Some phenomena are proposed as \"first effects\" of ELF-EMF: the discrete changes in the membrane potential and the increase of the calcium channel activity as well as the intracellular concentration of Ca(2+). Interaction of the scorpion alpha toxin with the sodium channel depends on the orientation of the charges and may be perturbed by changes in the membrane polarization. The toxin induces overexcitability in the nervous system and an increase in the neurotransmitters released with different consequences, mainly the paralysis of muscles. We assumed that the exposure to ELF-EMF 0.7 mT will change the effects of the insect selective scorpion alpha toxin (recombinant LqhαIT from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus) at the level of the cercal nerve function, the synaptic transmission and on the level of entire insect organism. Taking into account the compensatory mechanisms in organisms, we tested in addition ten times higher ELF-EMF on whole insects.', 'Experiments were performed in vivo on cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) and in vitro - on isolated cockroach abdominal nerve cord with cerci. In biotests, the effects of LqhαIT (10(-8) M) were estimated on the basis of the insect ability to turn back from dorsal to ventral side. Three groups were compared: the control one and the two exposed to ELF-EMF - 0.7 and 7 mT. Bioelectrical activity of the cercal nerve and of the connective nerve that leaves the terminal abdominal ganglion was recorded using extracellular electrodes. LqhαIT (5\\u2009×\\u200910(-8) M) induced modifications of neuronal activity that were observed in the control cockroach preparations and in the ones exposed to ELF-EMF (0.7 mT). The exposure to ELF-EMF was carried out using coils with a size appropriate to the examined objects.', 'The exposure to ELF-EMF (0.7 mT) modified the effects of LqhαIT (5\\u2009×\\u200910(-8) M) on activity of the cercal nerve and of the connective nerve. We observed a decrease of the toxin effect on the cercal nerve activity, but the toxic effect of LqhαIT on the connective nerve was increased. Biotests showed that toxicity of LqhαIT (10(-8) M) on cockroaches was reduced by the exposure to ELF-EMF (0.7 and 7 mT).'] Does exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic field change the efficiency of the scorpion alpha toxin?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To examine the effects of soy phytoestrogens on coronary vascular reactivity in atherosclerotic male and female rhesus monkeys.', 'A prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled study.', 'Comparative Medicine Clinical Research Center of an academic medical center.', 'Twenty-two young adult rhesus monkeys with pre-existing diet-induced atherosclerosis.', 'Monkeys were fed soy-based diets for 6 months identical in composition, except that the isoflavones were extracted from one flow-isoflavone) and intact in the other (high-isoflavone). Quantitative coronary angiography was performed at the end of the study period. Females in the low-isoflavone group under went a second angiography after an acute IV dose of genistein.', 'Percent change in diameter of the proximal left circumflex coronary artery in response to intracoronary acetylcholine and nitroglycerin, compared with control diameter.', 'Arteries from males constricted in response to acetylcholine. Arteries from females in the low-isoflavone group constricted (-6.2% +/- 2.8%, mean +/- SEM), whereas arteries from females in the high-isoflavone group dilated (6.4% +/- 1.2%, mean +/- SEM). Intravenous administration of genistein caused dilation in the previously constricting low-isoflavone females (3.3% +/- 2.8%).'] Do soy isoflavones enhance coronary vascular reactivity in atherosclerotic female macaques?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes neuropsychiatric impairment and fatigue with recent studies suggesting HCV invasion of the central nervous system (CNS). Our previous finding that endothelial cells from the blood-brain barrier support HCV infection warrants further investigation to elucidate whether the CNS can serve as a reservoir for independent HCV evolution.', 'Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from six HCV-infected patients without liver disease or co-morbidities together with plasma from six healthy subjects were profiled for markers of immune activation and viral quasispecies measured by deep sequencing. Unsupervised data analyses were used to identify any associations between cytokine activation markers and clinical outcomes.', 'Four of six HCV-infected patients showed significant evidence of cognitive dysfunction and fatigue. Deep sequencing revealed independent viral evolution within the CNS of two cognitively impaired patients. Principal component analysis of peripheral cytokines demonstrated that individuals without cognitive impairment clustered together while a distinct cytokine pattern emerged with patients exhibiting cognitive dysfunction and fatigue.'] Does deep sequencing of hepatitis C virus reveal genetic compartmentalization in cerebrospinal fluid from cognitively impaired patients?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['In many observational studies, the association between drugs and disease is analyzed with information from a baseline interview. We investigated the magnitude and direction of exposure misclassification by comparing interview data at baseline with prospectively gathered pharmacy data.', 'The study population for this study consisted of a cohort of 2,487 participants aged 71 years or older from the Rotterdam Study. Data on drug use were gathered at the baseline interview and through pharmacies during the follow-up period between January 1, 1991, and January 1, 1999. We assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of interview data as proxy measures of chronic use of calcium channel blockers (CCB) in comparison with longitudinal medication records from the pharmacy.', 'Only 3 of the 206 subjects (1.5%) who reported use at baseline did not use CCBs during follow-up. Of the 2,281 persons who reported no use of CCBs at baseline, however, 354 actually used CCBs during follow-up (15.5%). The difference between interview data and pharmacy records corresponded to a misclassification bias of 0.73 (95%CI: 0.52-1.02).'] Is misclassification of exposure high when interview data on drug use are used as a proxy measure of chronic drug use during follow-up?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Rapamycin can inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in various human cancers. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is involved in the angiogenic process. We hypothesized that the antiangiogenic effect of rapamycin may be mediated by suppression of COX-2.', 'Ewing sarcoma (ES) cells were implanted in athymic mice. Selected animals were treated with rapamycin for 5 weeks. Tumor vascularity was assessed by lectin perfusion angiography and immunohistochemistry. Phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway proteins was determined by Western blot analysis. Staining of COX-2 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry, and expression of COX-2 messenger RNA levels was assessed with quantitative real-time (RT) polymerase chain reaction.', 'Mean tumor weights were significantly reduced in the treated group (5.43 g +/- 1.43 SEM vs 0.49 g +/- 0.15 SEM, P < .003). There was abundant vasculature in the control group and blunted vascularity in the treated xenografts. The phosphorylation of p70s6k and Akt was not inhibited in the rapamycin-treated tumors. Cyclooxygenase 2 was suppressed in the treated xenografts at both the protein and messenger RNA levels.'] Does cyclooxygenase 2 mediate the antiangiogenic effect of rapamycin in Ewing sarcoma?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) results from the neoplastic transformation of a haematopoietic stem cell. The hallmark genetic abnormality of CML is a chimeric BCR/ABL1 fusion gene resulting from the Philadelphia chromosome rearrangement t(9;22)(q34;q11). Clinical and laboratory studies indicate that the BCR/ABL1 fusion protein is essential for initiation, maintenance and progression of CML, yet the event(s) driving the transformation from chronic phase to blast phase are poorly understood.', 'Here we report multiple genome aberrations in a collection of 78 CML and 14 control samples by oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization. We found a unique signature of genome deletions within the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) and T cell receptor regions (TCR), frequently accompanied by concomitant loss of sequences within the short arm regions of chromosomes 7 and 9, including IKZF1, HOXA7, CDKN2A/2B, MLLT3, IFNA/B, RNF38, PAX5, JMJD2C and PDCD1LG2 genes.'] Are deletions of immunoglobulin heavy chain and T cell receptor gene regions uniquely associated with lymphoid blast transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The mechanism by which Porphyromonas gingivalis regulates intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate whether nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD) 1 and NOD2 are involved in this process and the clinical significance of ICAM-1 in periodontitis.', 'hPDLCs and hGFs were treated with P. gingivalis, l-Ala-γ-d-glutamyl-mesodiaminopimelic acid (an agonist for NOD1), and muramyl dipeptide (an agonist for NOD2). Alternatively, cells transfected with small interfering RNA targeting NOD1and NOD2 were treated with P. gingivalis. ICAM-1, NOD1, and NOD2 were detected at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, clinical examinations were performed in 30 healthy controls and 40 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) before and after treatment, and serum-soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) levels in these individuals were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.', 'This study shows that P. gingivalis caused an increase in ICAM-1, NOD1, and NOD2 expression in periodontal fibroblasts. There was a linear correlation between ICAM-1 and NOD1 and NOD2 levels. Activation of NOD1 and NOD2 by the specific agonist led to the upregulation of ICAM-1, whereas knocking down NOD1 and NOD2 caused a reduction in P. gingivalis-induced ICAM-1 production. Furthermore, sICAM-1 levels were higher in patients with CP than in healthy controls and were positively related to the clinical periodontal parameters. After periodontal treatment, sICAM-1 levels decreased significantly.'] Is intracellular adhesion molecule-1 regulated by porphyromonas gingivalis through nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 molecules in periodontal fibroblasts?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['In previous studies, we have shown that the T allele of a specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Galphas gene (T393C) correlates with increased Galphas expression and hence apoptosis. The T allele was associated with a favorable outcome in a variety of human cancers, e.g., carcinoma of the urinary bladder, kidney, and colorectum.', 'The prognostic value of the T393C SNP was evaluated in an unselected series of patients treated with curative intent for oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, including all tumor stages with different therapeutic regimens. Genotype analysis was done using DNA from paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 202 patients (162 men, 40 women) with a median follow-up of 38 months (1-133 months). The various genotypes were correlated with relapse-free and overall survival.', 'GNAS1 393C homozygous patients displayed a higher risk for disease progression than T393 homozygous patients (hazard ratio CC versus TT, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.2; P = 0.019). The same genotype effect was observed for overall survival with CC genotypes at higher risk for death compared with TT genotypes (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.9; P = 0.015). Multivariate analysis showed that, besides American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, tumor localization, and gender, the T393C polymorphism was an independent prognostic factor for disease progression and death.'] Are overall and relapse-free survival in oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma associated with genotypes of T393C polymorphism of the GNAS1 gene?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Estrogen replacement attenuates the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Recent studies using an in vitro culture system have shown that estrogen inhibits endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. The in vivo relevance of this finding, however, is not defined. To do so, we have developed a rat vascular injury model in which EC apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide plays a role.', 'Intracarotid arterial administration of 0.01 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide for 5 minutes evoked EC apoptosis after 6 to 24 hours, determined by nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling, and electron microscopy. Apoptosis was associated with EC loss and was followed by EC regeneration at 72 hours and neointima formation at 1 to 2 weeks. Estradiol replacement in ovariectomized female Wistar rats decreased the rate of apoptotic ECs by approximately 50%, assayed by nuclear morphology of en face specimens, resulting in increased remaining ECs and decreased neointima formation. Progesterone did not influence the effects of estradiol on EC apoptosis.'] Does estrogen prevent oxidative stress-induced endothelial cell apoptosis in rats?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Ganoderma lucidum is a commonly used Chinese herb and an important ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine herbal formulations for immune dysfunction related illnesses. The effects of this medicinal mushroom on human colorectal cancer cells have not yet been evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum extract using SW 480 human colorectal cancer cell line.', 'Two different fractions of Ganoderma lucidum extract, i.e., a fraction containing mainly polysaccharides (GLE-1), and a triterpenoid fraction without polysaccharides (GLE-2) were analyzed. Their antiproliferative activity was evaluated by cell proliferation assay and 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. Scavenging effects of DPPH radical were assessed using ESR-spectroscopy.', 'Our data showed that both GLE-1 and GLE-2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of SW 480 cells. The inhibitory effect of GLE-2 was much stronger than that of GLE-1. GLE-1 inhibited DNA synthesis in the cells and reduced the formation of DPPH radicals.'] Does ganoderma lucidum extract inhibit proliferation of SW 480 human colorectal cancer cells?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Adiponectin is strongly associated with diabetes in the Western population. However, whether adiponectin is independently associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in the non-obese population is unknown.', 'The serum adiponectin, insulin resistance (IR), and waist circumference (WC) of 27,549 healthy Koreans were measured. Individuals were then classified into tertile groups by gender. IFG was defined as a fasting serum glucose of 100-125 mg/dL without diabetes. IR was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The association of adiponectin and IFG was determined using logistic regression analysis.', 'WC and adiponectin were associated with IFG in both men and women. However, the association of WC with IFG was attenuated in both men and women after adjustment for the HOMA-IR. Adiponectin was still associated with IFG after adjustment for and stratification by HOMA-IR in men and women. Strong combined associations of IR and adiponectin with IFG were observed in men and women. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) among those in the highest tertile of IR and the lowest tertile of adiponectin were 9.8 (7.96 to 12.07) for men and 24.1 (13.86 to 41.94) for women.'] Is adiponectin Associated with Impaired Fasting Glucose in the Non-Diabetic Population?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in patients who have undergone solid organ transplantation is thought to be mostly of host (ie, transplant recipient) origin, as opposed to being predominantly of donor origin, which is observed in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation. Donor-origin PTLDs reportedly follow a more indolent course than host-origin PTLDs.', 'To determine the origin of PTLD and its clinical implications in patients who have undergone lung transplantation.', \"Patients' medical records were reviewed for clinical data. We performed a molecular study to determine the origin of abnormal lymphoid cells in 4 PTLD cases identified from our autopsy files. Each case underwent restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping for CYP2D6. Epstein-Barr virus (latent membrane protein 1) immunostaining and polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed on PTLD-involved tissues.\", 'Three of 4 PTLD cases were of host origin, and the remaining case was of donor origin. Epstein-Barr virus was detected by immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction methods in all PTLD-involved tissues that were examined. There was no apparent difference in clinical manifestations between host-origin and donor-origin PTLD cases in our study.'] Is epstein-Barr virus-associated posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder following lung transplantation more commonly of host origin?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Gene duplication provides raw material for the evolution of functional innovation. We recently developed a phylogenetic method that classifies evolutionary processes driving the retention of duplicate genes by quantifying divergence between their spatial gene expression profiles and that of their single-copy orthologous gene in a closely related sister species.', 'Here, we apply our classification method to pairs of duplicate genes in eight mammalian genomes, using data from 11 tissues to construct spatial gene expression profiles. We find that young mammalian duplicates are often functionally conserved, and that expression divergence rapidly increases over evolutionary time. Moreover, expression divergence results in increased tissue specificity, with an overrepresentation of expression in male kidney, underrepresentation of expression in female liver, and strong underrepresentation of expression in testis. Thus, duplicate genes acquire a diversity of new tissue-specific functions outside of the testis, possibly contributing to the origin of a multitude of complex phenotypes during mammalian evolution.'] Do rapid divergence and diversification of mammalian duplicate gene functions?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Rotator cuff reconstructions may be improved by adding growth factors, cells, or other biologic factors into the repair zone. This usually requires a biological carrier (scaffold) to be integrated into the construct and placed in the area of tendon-to-bone healing. This needs to be done without affecting the constructs mechanics. Hypothesis/', 'The hypothesis was that scaffold placement, as an interposition, has no adverse effects on biomechanical properties of double-row rotator cuff repair. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of scaffold interposition on the initial strength of rotator cuff repairs.', 'Controlled laboratory study.', 'Twenty-five fresh-frozen shoulders (mean age: 65.5 ± 8.9 years) were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Groups were chosen to represent a broad spectrum of commonly used scaffold types: (1) double-row repair without augmentation, (2) double-row repair with interposition of a fibrin clot (Viscogel), (3) double-row repair with interposition of a collagen scaffold (Mucograft) between tendon and bone, (4) double-row repair with interposition of human dermis patch (ArthroFlex) between tendon and bone, and (5) double-row repair with human dermis patch (ArthroFlex) placed on top of the repair. Cyclic loading to measure displacement was performed to 3000 cycles at 1 Hz with an applied 10- to 100-N load. The ultimate load to failure was determined at a rate of 31 mm/min.', 'There were no significant differences in mean displacement under cyclic loading, slope, or energy absorbed to failure between all groups (P = .128, P = .981, P = .105). Ultimate load to failure of repairs that used the collagen patch as an interposition (573.3 ± 75.6 N) and a dermis patch on top of the reconstruction (575.8 ± 22.6 N) was higher compared with the repair without a scaffold (348.9 ± 98.8 N; P = .018 and P = .025). No significant differences were found for repairs with the fibrin clot as an interposition (426.9 ± 103.6 N) and the decellularized dermis patch as an interposition (469.9 ± 148.6 N; P = .73 and P = .35).'] Is stability of double-row rotator cuff repair adversely affected by scaffold interposition between tendon and bone?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "no" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are characterized by persistent orofacial pain and have diverse etiologic factors that are not well understood. It is thought that central sensitization leads to neuronal hyperexcitability and contributes to hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are currently the first choice of drug to relieve TMD pain. NSAIDS were shown to exhibit anticonvulsant properties and suppress cortical neuron activities by enhancing neuronal voltage-gated potassium KCNQ/Kv7 channels (M-current), suggesting that specific activation of M-current might be beneficial for TMD pain.', \"In this study, we selected a new anticonvulsant drug retigabine that specifically activates M-current, and investigated the effect of retigabine on inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. The results show that the head withdrawal threshold for escape from mechanical stimulation applied to facial skin over the TMJ in inflamed rats was significantly lower than that in control rats. Administration of centrally acting M-channel opener retigabine (2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg) can dose-dependently raise the head withdrawal threshold of mechanical allodynia, and this analgesic effect can be reversed by the specific KCNQ channel blocker XE991 (3 mg/kg). Food intake is known to be negatively associated with TMJ inflammation. Food intake was increased significantly by the administration of retigabine (2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg), and this effect was reversed by XE991 (3 mg/kg). Furthermore, intracerebralventricular injection of retigabine further confirmed the analgesic effect of central retigabine on inflammatory TMJ.\"] Does activation of voltage-gated KCNQ/Kv7 channels by anticonvulsant retigabine attenuate mechanical allodynia of inflammatory temporomandibular joint in rats?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Our objective was to investigate whether determination of the quantity of visceral fat has an additional benefit in assessing atherosclerotic burden in men with type 2 diabetes compared with the traditional measurement of waist circumference (WC) alone.', 'This was an observational study performed in 368 men with type 2 diabetes, consecutively enrolled in Diabetes Clinics. Common carotid artery far-wall intima-media thickness (IMT), WC and visceral fat thickness (VFT), as measured by ultrasonography, were measured for each subject. Abdominal and visceral obesity were defined as a WC >90 cm and a VFT > or =47.6 mm, respectively.', 'Among subjects with abdominal obesity (n=174), 35 subjects did not have visceral obesity. In contrast, among the subjects without abdominal obesity (n=194), 88 patients had visceral obesity. Despite no differences in age, glucose control, lipid profile and treatment modalities, there was a significant difference in carotid IMT based on VFT strata, but not WC strata. The subjects without abdominal obesity, but who had visceral obesity, had a higher carotid IMT compared with subjects with abdominal obesity, but without visceral obesity (maximal, 0.94+/-0.35 vs 0.78+/-0.17 mm; and average, 0.74+/-0.19 vs 0.64+/-0.14 mm, respectively, P<0.001).'] Is visceral fat amount associated with carotid atherosclerosis even in type 2 diabetic men with a normal waist circumference?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To investigate factors that may influence the prevalence and timing of appearance of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies during the preclinical phase of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development.', '243 serial prediagnosis serum samples from 83 subjects with RA were examined for the presence of RF and anti-CCP antibodies.', 'Of the 83 cases, 47 (57%) and 51 (61%) subjects had at least one prediagnosis sample positive for RF or anti-CCP, respectively. Gender and race were not significantly associated with the prevalence or timing of preclinical antibody appearance. Preclinical anti-CCP positivity was strongly associated with the development of erosive RA (odds ratio = 4.64; 95% confidence interval 1.71 to 12.63; p<0.01), but RF was not (p = 0.60). Additionally, as age at the time of diagnosis of RA increased the duration of prediagnosis antibody positivity for RF and anti-CCP increased, with the longest duration of preclinical antibody positivity seen in patients diagnosed with RA over the age of 40. In no subjects did symptom onset precede the appearance of RF or anti-CCP antibodies.'] Does duration of preclinical rheumatoid arthritis-related autoantibody positivity increase in subjects with older age at time of disease diagnosis?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: [\"In an attempt to provide minimally invasive treatment for Dupuytren's disease, percutaneous disruption of the affected tissue followed by lipografting is being tested. Contractile myofibroblasts drive this fibroproliferative disorder, whereas stem cells have recently been implicated in preventing fibrosis. Therefore, the authors tested the role of stem cells in modulating myofibroblast activity in Dupuytren's disease.\", \"The authors compared the effect of co-culturing Dupuytren's myofibroblasts with either adipose-derived or bone-marrow-derived stem cells on isometric force contraction and associated levels of α-smooth muscle actin mRNA and protein expression. The authors also tested the effect of these stem cells on Dupuytren's myofibroblast proliferation and assessed whether this was mediated by cell-to-cell contact or by a paracrine mechanism.\", \"Addition of adipose-derived stem cells to Dupuytren's myofibroblasts reduced the contraction of the latter, with a corresponding reduction of α-smooth muscle actin protein expression, probably through a dilution effect. In contrast, bone marrow-derived stem cells increased myofibroblast contractility. In addition, adipose-derived stem cells inhibit myofibroblast proliferation and mediate these effects by soluble factors, influenced by cell-to-cell contact-dependent signaling.\"] Do adipose-derived stem cells inhibit the contractile myofibroblast in Dupuytren 's disease?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether germline methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms as well as polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase gene promoter, namely the variable number tandem repeat polymorphism (TS VNTR) and the intrarepeat G to C single nucleotide polymorphism (TS SNP), are predictive markers of tumor regression in rectal cancer patients following preoperative chemoradiotherapy.', 'Blood samples from 125 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the mid-low rectum who received 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy (median dose 48.4 Gy), 125 patients (women n=45, men n=80; median age 60 years, range 31-79 years) were genotyped. Response to preoperative treatment was evaluated employing the Tumor Regression Grade criteria. On the basis of the pathologic response, patients were classified as responders (TRG 1-2, n=48) and non-responders (TRG 3-5, n=74). Three patients were excluded because of insufficient data.', 'Among the polymorphic variants examined, the MTHFR 677T-1298A haplotype was, upon univariate analysis, the only variable found associated with tumor regression (P=0.004). Moreover, at multivariate analysis, the MTHFR 677T-1298A haplotype was an independent predictor of tumor regression. Patients not carrying the MTHFR 677T-1298A haplotype (odds ratio 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.64, P=0.002) displayed a higher response rate than patients with the MTHFR 677T-1298A haplotype.'] Does a haplotype of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene predict poor tumor response in rectal cancer patients receiving preoperative chemoradiation?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['In contrast with kidneys, transplantation of livers originating from non-heart-beating donors remains rare, mainly because warm ischemia causes a higher rate of potentially lethal primary graft nonfunction. Little is known on the tolerance of liver grafts to warm ischemia. No techniques are available to assess the viability of ischemic livers before implantation. Therefore, experimental models are needed to address these questions before non-heart-beating liver transplantation can be more widely applied. This study aims to develop a reproducible large animal model of liver transplantation using non-heart-beating donors and, in this model, to define the tolerance of the liver to warm ischemia.', 'Pigs weighing 25to 30 kg are used. In donors, cardiac arrest is caused by ventricular fibrillation. After increasing lengths of warm ischemia (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min), the liver is flushed in situ with 4 degrees C histidine tryptophan ketoglutarate preservation solution and procured. The liver is transplanted after a 4-hour cold storage period.', 'Control livers (no warm ischemia) and livers exposed to 15 minutes of warm ischemia function normally after transplantation, whereas all livers submitted to 60 minutes of warm ischemia display primary nonfunction and cause recipient death. Graft function and survival are occasionally observed after 30 and 45 minutes of warm ischemia.'] Do livers from non-heart-beating donors tolerate short periods of warm ischemia?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The present study was conducted using data accumulated from our earlier study of bleeding peptic ulcers, focusing on elderly patients.', 'A total of 461 patients with bleeding peptic ulcers underwent emergency endoscopy at Saga Medical School Hospital between 1999 and 2011. Risk factors for bleeding peptic ulcers were compared between two groups: an elderly group (≥65 years old) and a nonelderly group (<65 years old). The relationship between drug use and age was examined using multiple logistic regression models. In the elderly group, the factors were compared between Period I (1999-2005) and Period II (2006-2011).', 'The proportion of men and the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection were lower in the elderly group than in the nonelderly group. The use of low-dose aspirin, antithrombotic drugs and corticosteroids, but not nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, was higher in the elderly group. A multiple logistic regression analysis of prescribed medications indicated that low-dose aspirin was more frequently used in the elderly group. The rate of comorbidities was higher and the hemoglobin levels were lower in the elderly group. The rates of rebleeding within one week and death within one month did not differ in the elderly group. Compared with that observed in Period I, the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection was decreased and the rate of comorbidities was increased in Period II.'] Are low-dose aspirin and comorbidities significantly related to bleeding peptic ulcers in elderly patients compared with nonelderly patients in Japan?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Very recently, we have found a novel fusion product between the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like4 (EML4) and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Tumors featuring EML4-ALK fusion constitute one subtype of NSCLC that might be highly sensitive to ALK inhibitors. Herein, we present results of a first large scale study of EML4-ALK fusion in lung cancers.', 'Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for EML4-ALK fusion mRNA, we investigated 149 lung adenocarcinomas, 48 squamous cell carcinomas, 3 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and 21 small-cell carcinomas. For EML4-ALK-positive cancers, we further investigated the presence of ALK fusion proteins by immunohistochemistry.', 'Five of 149 adenocarcinomas (3.4%) showed EML4-ALK fusion mRNA, this being totally lacking in carcinomas of other types (0/72). In all the fusion-positive cases, ALK fusion protein could be detected in the cytoplasm immunohistochemically. The five fusion cases featured two EML4-ALK variant 1 fusions and three variant 2 fusions. Histologically, both variant 1 cases were mixed type adenocarcinomas, showing papillary with bronchioloalveolar components. Interestingly, all three variant 2 cases were acinar adenocarcinomas, the link being statistically significant (p = 0.00018). None of the five fusion-positive cases demonstrated any mutations of EGFR or KRAS, pointing to a mutually exclusive relationship (p = 0.014). There was no association with smoking habits.'] Is eML4-ALK fusion linked to histological characteristics in a subset of lung cancers?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To describe the risk of structural disease recurrence in a cohort of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer selected for treatment with either thyroid lobectomy or total thyroidectomy without radioactive iodine remnant ablation (RRA).', 'Retrospective review.', 'A total of 289 patients were selected for either thyroid lobectomy (n = 72) or total thyroidectomy (n = 217) without RRA and followed with modern disease detection tools in a tertiary referral centre. Most patients had papillary thyroid cancer (89%) without clinically evident lymph node metastases (91%). However, 55% (156/289) of patients had primary tumours that were >1 cm and 10% (28/289) had minor extrathyroidal extension.', 'The primary endpoint was detection of recurrent/persistent structural disease.', 'After a 5-year median follow-up, structural disease recurrence was detected in 2·3% (5/217) of patients treated with total thyroidectomy without RRA, and in 4·2% (3/72) of patients treated with thyroid lobectomy. Size of the primary tumour, the presence of cervical lymph node metastases and American Thyroid Association risk category were all statistically significant predictors of recurrence. Changes in serum thyroglobulin were not helpful in identifying the presence of persistent/recurrent structural disease. Importantly, 88% (7/8) of the patients that had recurrent disease were rendered clinically disease free with additional therapies.'] Is initial therapy with either thyroid lobectomy or total thyroidectomy without radioactive iodine remnant ablation associated with very low rates of structural disease recurrence in properly selected patients with differentiated thyroid cancer?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]