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Enelpol 10

What is the implication of histone lysine methylation in medulloblastoma?

Aberrant patterns of H3K4, H3K9, and H3K27 histone lysine methylation were shown to result in histone code alterations, which induce changes in gene expression, and affect the proliferation rate of cells in medulloblastoma.

1682

What is the role of STAG1/STAG2 proteins in differentiation?

STAG1/STAG2 proteins are tumour suppressor proteins that suppress cell proliferation and are essential for differentiation.

3722

What is the association between cell phone use and glioblastoma?

The association between cell phone use and incident glioblastoma remains unclear. Some studies have reported that cell phone use was associated with incident glioblastoma, and with reduced survival of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. However, other studies have repeatedly replicated to find an association between cell phone use and glioblastoma.

1235

What is the applicability of the No Promoter Left Behind method?

No Promoter Left Behind (NPLB) is an efficient, organism-independent method for characterizing promoter architectures directly from experimentally identified genome-wide TSSs, without relying on known promoter elements.

2103

Does the Oncotype DX test work with paraffin embedded tissues?

Yes, the Oncotype DX test works with paraffin embedded tissue.

1713

Which disease of the central nervous system is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies?

Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system that produces motor and non-motor symptoms. The majority of cases are idiopathic and characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies containing fibrillar α-synuclein

496

The NoSAS Score can be used for screening of which disorders?

The NoSAS score can be used for screening of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, Sleep-Disordered Breathing and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

3836

What species is associated with Tetrodotoxin?

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a low molecular weight (approximately 319 Da) neurotoxin found in a number of animal species, including pufferfish. TTX is originally produced by marine bacteria, and pufferfish are intoxicated through the food chain that starts with the bacteria. TTX is found in warm waters, especially of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. TTX poisoning due to marine snails has recently spread through Japan, China, Taiwan, and Europe.

612

Does a selective sweep increase genetic variation?

Selective sweep is a phenomenon in which the fixation of strongly beneficial alleles within a population reduces genetic diversity at partially linked neutral loci. Reduced variation or deviations from neutrality, along with an excess of fixed replacement sites, are indicative of selective sweep.

813

List markers for autophagy.

Expression of LC3-II and BECN1 as well as SQSTM1 are used as markers of autophagy activity.

165

Which package is available for analysing genomic interactions in R/Bioconductor?

r3Cseq is an R/Bioconductor package designed to perform 3C-seq data analysis in a number of different experimental designs. The package reads a common aligned read input format, provides data normalization, allows the visualization of candidate interaction regions and detects statistically significant chromatin interactions, thus greatly facilitating hypothesis generation and the interpretation of experimental results.

106

Can a circRNA be translated into protein?

Circ-ZNF609 is associated with heavy polysomes, and it is translated into a protein in a splicing-dependent and cap-independent manner, providing an example of a protein-coding circRNA in eukaryotes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a large class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have recently emerged as regulators of gene expression However, whether circRNAs encode functional proteins remains elusive, although translation of several circRNAs was recently reported

2396

There is no drug available to prevent HIV infection, Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), yes or no?

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with the drug combination Truvada can substantially decrease HIV transmission in individuals at risk.

2965

What is the purpose of HaploReg v4?

HaploReg v4 enables the systematic mining of putative causal variants, cell types, regulators and target genes for human complex traits and disease.

1996

Does oncogene-induced DNA replication stress inhibit genomic instability?

No, oncogene-induced DNA replication stress is thought to drive genomic instability.

2662

Do IEG create a ripple effect of transcription?

Rapid induction of immediate-early genes (IEGs) in response to growth factor stimulations is accompanied by co-upregulation of their neighbouring genes. Profiling the primary transcripts in the nucleus with whole-genome tiling arrays delineated simultaneous activation of transcription centred on IEGs.

1948

What is Hemophilic Pseudotumor?

Hemophilic Pseudotumor is a rare complication of hemophilia. It is an encapsulated haematoma in patients with haemophilia which has a tendency to progress and produce clinical symptoms related to its anatomical location. The lesion most frequently occurs in the long bones, pelvis, small bones of the hands and feet, or rarely in the maxillofacial region.

4071

Which eye condition is managed by the athens protocol?

The athens protocol (transepithelial topography-guided PRK therapeutic remodeling, combined with same-day, collagen cross-linking) was developed for the management of cornea blindness due to severe corneal scarring.

465

Is STAT3 transcription factor regulated by mTORC1?

mTORC1 was found to regulate STAT3 activity in, at least, three ways: 1) after induction by IL6, 2) by direct phosphorylation during hypoxia, to promote HIF-1α mRNA transcription, and 3) after activation by excess amino acids, which then positively regulate Notch1 expression through STAT3 activation.

1691

List symptoms of the Hakim Triad?

Triad of Hakim is well known for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and includes dementia, gait disturbances and urinary incontinence.

3458

Is there alternative polyadenylation during zebrafish development?

Yes. There is extensive alternative polyadenylation during zebrafish development.

1878

List genes that have been found mutated in CMT1A (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 A).

PMP22 is the common gene found mutated through a duplication in CMT1A. Other genes are MPZ and SH3TC2

121

What are the targets of avapritinib?

Avapritinib is a novel inhibitor of KIT/PDGFRA. It is approved in the U.S. for the treatment of adults with PDGFRA exon 18-mutant unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

4709

What is the function of Circular RNA (circRNA)?

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of conserved, endogenous non-coding RNAs that are involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation as well as the pathogenesis of diseases. including cancer

4615

Where is X-ray free electron laser used?

X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) technologies provide coherent and extremely intense photon pulses of short duration. XFELs are particularly useful in structural biology and imaging, in structural studies of single biological macromolecules (e.g. high resolution protein structure determination) and assemblies (e.g. viruses) or nanocrystals, which are not amenable to investigation with traditional crystallographic methods. Moreover, XFELs have the potential to be used for studying enzyme kinetics.

1195

What is holoprosencephaly?

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a congenital defect of the brain, median structures, and face resulting from an incomplete cleavage of the primitive brain during early embryogenesis . The most common developmental defect is characterized by inadequate or absent midline division of the forebrain into cerebral hemispheres with concomitant midline facial defects in the majority of cases .

3944

What is Pseudomelanosis duodeni?

Pseudomelanosis duodeni is a rare incidental finding seen on endoscopy and has the characteristic appearance of flat, black-speckled pigmented mucosa that can be associated with gastrointestinal bleeding, hypertension, chronic heart failure, chronic renal failure and consumption of different drugs.

4147

Which genes are regulated by TRalpha2 in the heart?

ARB1, ARB2, TAK1, p38, TRalpha1

763

What is the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19?

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a well described and documented condition that is associated with the active or recent COVID-19 infection. A similar presentation in adults is termed as Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in Adults (MIS-A). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a novel, life-threatening hyperinflammatory condition that develops in children a few weeks after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This disease has created a diagnostic challenge due to overlap with Kawasaki disease (KD) and KD shock syndrome. The majority of patients with MIS-C present with the involvement of at least four organ systems, and all have evidence of a marked inflammatory state. Most patients show an increase in the level of at least four inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, neutrophil count, ferritin, procalcitonin, fibrinogen, interleukin-6, and triglycerides). Therapy is primarily with immunomodulators, suggesting that the disease is driven by post-infectious immune dysregulation. Most patients, even those with severe cardiovascular involvement, recover without sequelae. Since coronary aneurysms have been reported, echocardiographic follow-up is needed.

4524

Has ubrogepant entered clinical phase III trials?

Yes, ubrogepant has entered phase III trials.

3952

List the deadliest viruses in the world.

The filoviruses, Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are among the deadliest viruses that cause disease in humans, with reported case fatality rates of up to 90% in some outbreaks. WHO ranks HIV as one of the deadliest diseases. Influenza virus

3765

Which interleukin receptors are targeted with rilonacept?

Rilonacept inhibits interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β. It has a role for treatment of pericarditis.

3857

Which are the enzymes involved in the control of tubulin acetylation?

Acetyltransferase MEC-17, and deacetylases SIRT2 (Sirtuin 2), HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6) and dTip60 are known to control the levels of tubulin acetylation.

1376

Which company produces Eligard?

Eligard is produced by Astellas Pharma GmbH.

3426

Are TAMs good anticancer therapeutic targets?

Therapeutic strategies to target TAMs to complement conventional therapies has yielded promising results.

4392

Is Growth factor independence 1b (GFI1B) important for hematopoiesis?

Yes. Gfi-1B is a transcriptional repressor essential for the regulation of erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Gfi-1b(-/-) embryonic stem cells fail to contribute to red cells of adult chimeras. Gfi-1b(-/-) embryos exhibit delayed maturation of primitive erythrocytes and subsequently die with failure to produce definitive enucleated erythrocytes.

995

What is measured through the NOMe-Seq methodology?

We have developed a method (NOMe-seq) that uses a GpC methyltransferase (M.CviPI) and next generation sequencing to generate a high resolution footprint of nucleosome positioning genome-wide using less than 1 million cells while retaining endogenous DNA methylation information from the same DNA strand. DNaseI-seq and NOMe-seq.

2251

What is known about the Digit Ratio (2D:4D) cancer?

Digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with gastric cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. 2D:4D was found to be higher in patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and prostate cancer patients relative to controls. Among prostate cancer patients, 2D:4D shows strong differences between African-Americans and Caucasians; however, it does not correlate with disease severity in men already diagnosed with prostate cancer. However, other authors did not find an association between 2D:4D and prostate cancer risk. 2D:4D is not associated with testicular germ cell tumors.

671

Which IDH inhibitors by Agios Pharmaceuticals have been approved by the FDA?

Enasidenib and ivosidenib, the IDH2 and IDH1 inhibitors developed by Agios Pharmaceuticals, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration

3940

How is connected "isolated Non-compaction cardiomyopathy" with dilated cardiomyopathy?

Mutations in cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain and alpha-tropomyosin link isolated Non-compaction cardiomyopathy with dilated cardiomyopathy

343

Which human gene encode for DNA polymerase θ?

DNA polymerase theta (pol θ) is an evolutionarily conserved protein encoded by the POLQ gene in mammalian genomes

2702

How does Rif1 regulate DNA replication?

Rif1 (Rap1-interacting-factor-1), originally identified as a telomere-binding factor in yeast, is a critical determinant of the replication timing programme in human cells. Rif1 tightly binds to nuclear-insoluble structures at late-M-to-early-G1 and regulates chromatin-loop sizes. Furthermore, Rif1 colocalizes specifically with the mid-S replication foci. Thus, Rif1 establishes the mid-S replication domains that are restrained from being activated at early-S-phase. Overall, Rif1 plays crucial roles in determining the replication timing domain structures in human cells through regulating higher-order chromatin architecture. This function of Rif1 depends on its interaction with PP1 phosphatases and the PP1/Rif1 interaction is downregulated by the phosphorylation of Rif1, most likely by CDK/DDK.

1282

Summarize the function of DEAH helicase DHX36 and its role in G-quadruplex-dependent processes.

DEAH-Box helicase 36 (DHX36), a member of the large DExD/H box helicase family, enzymatically unwinds both G4 DNA and G4 RNA. RNA helicases of the DEAH/RHA family form a large and conserved class of enzymes that remodel RNA protein complexes (RNPs) by translocating along the RNA

4579

Which data simulator is available for CLIP-SEQ experiments?

CLIP-Seq protocols such as PAR-CLIP, HITS-CLIP or iCLIP allow a genome-wide analysis of protein-RNA interactions. For the processing of the resulting short read data, various tools are utilized. Some of these tools were specifically developed for CLIP-Seq data, whereas others were designed for the analysis of RNA-Seq data. To this date, however, it has not been assessed which of the available tools are most appropriate for the analysis of CLIP-Seq data. This is because an experimental gold standard dataset on which methods can be accessed and compared, is still not available. To address this lack of a gold-standard dataset, Cseq-Simulator was developed as a simulator for PAR-CLIP, HITS-CLIP and iCLIP-data. This simulator can be applied to generate realistic datasets that can serve as surrogates for experimental gold standard dataset.

2484

What is the Drosophila melanogaster Groucho protein?

Groucho proteins are abundant and broadly expressed nuclear factors that lack intrinsic DNA-binding activity but can interact with a variety of DNA-binding proteins. The recruitment of Groucho to specific gene regulatory sequences results in transcriptional repression. Groucho (Gro) is a Drosophila melanogaster transcriptional corepressor.

1726

Please list the drugs associated with Drug-Induced Hypophosphatemia.

Drug induced hypophosphatemia can occur with iron therapy as well a treatment with ferric carboxymaltose, elotuzumab, cemiplimab, Temsirolimus, capecitabine, panobinostat, bendamustine, ofatumumab, carboplatin and etoposide (BOCE)

4487

Is H4K20 methylation associated with DNA replication?

We employed genetic, cytological, and genomic approaches to better understand the role of PR-Set7 and H4K20 methylation in regulating DNA replication and genome stability in Drosophila cells. Thus, coordinating the status of H4K20 methylation is pivotal for the proper selection of DNA replication origins in higher eukaryotes. The methylation state of lysine 20 on histone H4 (H4K20) has been linked to chromatin compaction, transcription, DNA repair and DNA replication. Histone turnover is often associated with various histone modifications such as H3K56 acetylation (H3K56Ac), H3K36 methylation (H3K36me), and H4K20 methylation (H4K20me). We review the signaling pathways and functions associated with a single residue, H4K20, as a model chromatin and clinically important mark that regulates biological processes ranging from the DNA damage response and DNA replication to gene expression and silencing. <CopyrightInformation>© 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.</C In particular, the methylation states of H3K4, H3K36 and H4K20 have been associated with establishing active, repressed or poised origins depending on the timing and extent of methylation. 5BrC and 5ClC may cause aberrant methylation of cytosine during DNA replication and mimic the endogenous methylation signal associated with gene silencing.

1987

Which gene is mutated in the classic Bartter's syndrome?

Classic Bartter's syndrome has been demonstrated to result from defective chloride transport across the basolateral membrane in the distal nephron due to mutations in the chloride channel gene CLCNKB.

3418

Do cephalopods use RNA editing less frequently than other species?

Extensive messenger RNA editing generates transcript and protein diversity in genes involved in neural excitability, as previously described, as well as in genes participating in a broad range of other cellular functions.

2307

What drugs are included in the Avandamet pill?

The combination of metformin and rosiglitazone in a single pill (Avandamet), was approved by the FDA in October 2002 for the treatment of diabetes.

4437

How could U1 small nuclear RNA be used in therapeutics?

Until now, two main types of therapeutic strategies have been developed using U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA): 1) Production of a defective, but partially functional protein, with the help of exon skipping, through modulation of pre-mRNA splicing, and 2) Correction of pathogenic effects of splice donor site mutations with the use of U1 snRNA adapted to the defective variant.

416

When was Volanesorsen approved in the EU?

In May 2019, volanesorsen was approved in the EU for the treatment of adult patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome.

4448

Are the human bombesin receptors, GRPR and NMBR, frequently overexpressed G-protein-coupled-receptors by lung-cancers?

The human bombesin receptors, GRPR and NMBR, are two of the most frequently overexpressed G-protein-coupled-receptors by lung-cancers

2483

Between which types of DNA bases are mutational biases introduced due to directional mutation pressure?

The rates of substitution mutations in two directions, v (from an AT-pair to a GC-pair) and u (from a GC-pair to an AT-pair), are usually not the same. Thereafter, the effect of mutation on a genome is not random but has a directionality toward higher or lower GC content of DNA. The net effect, v/(u + v), has previously been defined as directional mutation pressure. Thus, directional mutation pressure (GC/AT pressure) refers to mutational biases between alpha-bases (A or T) and gamma-bases (G or C).

339

Which genes are associated with autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth?

The genes associated with the X-linked and the autosomal dominant forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are GJB1, MPZ, INF2, DNM2, YARS, GNB4, NEFL, MFN2, LRSAM1, GDAP1, PMP22, LITAF, and EGR2. Identification of these genes has not only been important for patients and families, but also provided new information about disease pathogenesis.

647

What is the aim of iodine prophylaxis?

Due to high volatility and environmental mobility, radioactive isotopes of iodine pose a serious risk in the acute phases of a nuclear accident. The critical organ for iodine is the thyroid. A number of studies dealing with thyroid protection from exposure to radioiodine have shown that radioiodine uptake by the thyroid can be effectively blocked by administration of stable iodine, usually in the form of potassium iodide (KI) pills.

3617

What are 5 key questions in human performance modeling?

There are five key questions of human performance modeling: 1) Why we build models of human performance; 2) What the expectations of a good human performance model are; 3) What the procedures and requirements in building and verifying a human performance model are; 4) How we integrate a human performance model with system design; and 5) What the possible future directions of human performance modeling research are.

3206

List components of the CRSP/Med complex.

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 7 Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 14 Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 17 Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 23 Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 24 Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 26 Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 27

1693

Are Gram positive bacteria able to release extracellular vesicles?

Yes, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria release a variety of membrane vesicles through different formation routes.

4120

Which kinase is regulating stress granule biogenesis?

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase alpha regulates stress granule biogenesis

1234

What is the function of PAPOLA/PAP?

Poly(A)polymerase-alpha (PAPOLA) has been the most extensively investigated mammalian polyadenylating enzyme, mainly in regard to its multifaceted post-translational regulation. PolyA polymerase (PAP) adds a polyA tail onto the 3'-end of RNAs without a nucleic acid template, using adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) as a substrate.

2770

What is caused by SCUBE2 loss-of-function?

Scube2 (-/-) caused defective endochondral bone formation and impaired Ihh-mediated chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation as well as osteoblast differentiation of -/- bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal-cell cultures.

3787

What is etarfolatide used for?

Etarfolatide in the form of 99mTc-etarfolatide is used as a companion imaging agent

2905

Which R package could be used for the identification of pediatric brain tumors?

MethPed

2237

Cerliponase alfa is apprived for treatment of which disease?

Cerliponase alfa is a recombinant human tripeptidyl peptidase-1 (TPP1) approved for use in patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2), a paediatric neurodegenerative disease caused by a deficiency in TPP1.

3039

For the constructions of which organs has 3D printing been tested?

Nose, ear and meniscus prototypes/constructs have been produced with 3D (3-dimesional) printing.

284

Which gene is the paralog of yeast UPC2?

the related transcription factors Ecm22 and Upc2 play a crucial role in Saccharomyces cerevisiae filamentation.

2298

What is the origin of HEp-2 cells?

human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cell line (HEp-2)

4310

Is Epistaxis associated with dental implant placement?

Epistaxis is a frequent complication associated with dental implant placement.

4601

Can AGY be used as antidiuretic replacement therapy?

No, AGY is an oral egg yolk anti-gliadin antibody used to neutralize gluten. It is used in patients with celiac disease.

3810

Which disease can be treated with Relugolix.

Relugolix has a role in treatment of prostate cancer, uterine fibroids, endometriosis and uterine myomas.

4231

What is BBCAnalyzer?

BBCAnalyzer (Bases By CIGAR Analyzer) provides a novel visual approach to facilitate this step of time-consuming, manual inspection of common mutation sites. BBCAnalyzer is able to visualize base counts at predefined positions or regions in any sequence alignment data that are available as BAM files. Thereby, the tool provides a straightforward solution for evaluating any list of expected mutations like hotspot mutations, or even whole regions of interest. In addition to an ordinary textual report, BBCAnalyzer reports highly customizable plots. Information on the counted number of bases, the reference bases, known mutations or polymorphisms, called mutations and base qualities is summarized in a single plot. By uniting this information in a graphical way, the user may easily decide on a variant being present or not - completely independent of any internal filters or frequency thresholds.

2450

Has field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology been used to solve sequence alignment problems?

Yes. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are reconfigurable computing platforms that have found several applications in diverse domains, including digital signal processing, medical imaging and bioinformatics. Specific applications of FPGAs for biological sequence alignment have been reported for dynamic programming-based pairwise (local or global) sequence alignment, progressive multiple sequence alignment, profile alignment, Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) based alignment, heuristic pairwise alignment.

1674

List R packages for lipidomics

R packages for lipidomics: lipidomics, masspix, lipidms, lipidr and lipid mini-on.

4230

Which one of the CYP450 enzymes is the second most frequently implicated in the metabolism of the drugs currently available on the market?

CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 are the most relevant since they metabolize about 50% and 30% of the drugs on the market, respectively.

4327

Which are the main functions of the human HuR (ELAVL1) protein in fibroblasts?

HuR is an RNA-binding protein that can stabilize labile mRNAs containing AU-rich elements in their 3' untranslated regions and has been shown to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. HuR function was previously shown to be implicated in the maintenance of a "young cell" phenotype in models of replicative cellular senescence. Loss of HuR is linked to reduced expression of proliferative genes during replicative senescence. Importantly, overexpression of HuR in senescent cells restored a "younger" phenotype, while a reduction in HuR expression accentuated the senescent phenotype. HuR associated with the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA encoding the longevity and stress-response protein SIRT1, stabilized the SIRT1 mRNA, and increased SIRT1 expression levels. In mesenchymal cells HuR plays a dominant role in lung development and as a key post-transcriptional regulator of networks guiding tissue remodeling during branching morphogenesis. In fibroblasts knockdown of HuR decreased the endogenous expression of TGFβ1 under exogenous TGFβ1 treatment, simultaneously with the decrease of Col1a, Col3a and fibronectin expression. HuR (human antigen R), represses ARF mRNA translation, thereby maintaining the replicative life span of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). HuR is considered a global regulator of cell-cycle progression and tumorigenesis. Through its post-transcriptional influence on specific target mRNAs, HuR can alter the cellular response to proliferative, stress, apoptotic, differentiation, senescence, inflammatory and immune stimuli.

816

What is the major sequence determinant for nucleosome positioning?

G+C content is the primary determinant of MNase-derived nucleosome occupancy.

4204

Are there any desmins present in plants?

No. Desmins are type III intermediate filament (IF) proteins that have been identified to date only in metazoa (human, Danio rerio, bovine). Desmins are also associated with severe forms of skeletal, cardiac and myofibrillar myopathies.

904

Which lncRNAS are regulated by SAM68?

Hotair, Mir155hg, as well as SR-lncRNA-1 and SR-lncRNA-2 are regulated by Sam68, and contained consensus Sam68 binding sites.

3266

Which algorithm is available for computing minimal absent words using external memory?

emMAW

2283

Which R packages have been developed for studying TADs?

TADCompare is an R Package for differential and temporal analysis of Topologically Associated Domains. SpectralTAD is an R package for defining a hierarchy of topologically associated domains using spectral clustering.

3926

What is the route of administration of vaxchora?

Vaxchora is an oral vaccine.

3297

Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome?

The TLR7 locus acts in vivo as a tumor suppressor gene and is located on chromosome X (X chromosome).

3843

Which are the ligands of the Roundabout (Robo) receptors?

Roundabouts comprise a family of single-pass transmembrane receptors facilitating this process upon interaction with the soluble extracellular ligand Slit protein family emanating from the midline.

4096

Does saracatinib promote oncogenesis?

No, saracatinib has antitumor activity.

3686

What is the mechanism of action of abiraterone?

Abiraterone acts by inhibiting cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1), a critical step in androgen biosynthesis, thus leading to inhibition of androgen biosynthesis.

1317

Which syndromes are associated with heterochromia iridum?

The syndromes that are associated with heterochromia iridum are: 1) Ascher's syndrome 2) Waardenburg Syndrome type II (WS2) 3) Horner's syndrome.

1908

Have thyronamines effects on fat tissue?

thyronamines cause reduction of fat mass

1596

Which event results in the acetylation of S6K1?

Using acetyl-specific K516 antibodies, we show that acetylation of endogenous S6K1 at this site is potently induced upon growth factor stimulation. We propose that K516 acetylation may serve to modulate important kinase-independent functions of S6K1 in response to growth factor signalling. Following mitogen stimulation, S6Ks interact with the p300 and p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) acetyltransferases. S6Ks can be acetylated by p300 and PCAF in vitro and S6K acetylation is detected in cells expressing p300

629

List the components of mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2).

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is a kinase complex comprised of mTOR, Rictor, mSin1, mLST8/GβL and PRR5.

670

What is known about prostate cancer screening in the UK ?

There is still no national screening programme established in the UK. Prostate cancer screening of asymptomatic men is not recommended by the National Screening Council at present and is not encouraged in the NHS. However, PSA tests are being performed for prostate cancer screening. The CAP and ProtecT trials are aimed to evaluate prostate cancer screening in the UK.

395

Is selenium deficiency involved in autoimmune thyroid disease?

Selenium deficiency is likely to constitute a risk factor for a feedforward derangement of the immune system-thyroid interaction, while selenium supplementation appears to dampen the self-amplifying nature of this derailed interactionIn areas with severe selenium deficiency higher incidence of thyroiditis has been reported due to a decreased activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase enzyme within thyroid cells

957

Is ospemifene effective for treatment of dyspareunia?

Yes, ospamifene is effective for treatment of dyspareunia. Ospemifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, or estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist, that was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of dyspareunia associated with vulvar and vaginal atrophy, a chronic condition that affects up to 60% of postmenopausal women. Ospemifene is the first non-estrogen treatment approved for moderate to severe dyspareunia in women with menopause-related vulvar and vaginal atrophy.

285

What is the rate of epimutations in C. elegans?

In C. elegans epimutations arise spontaneously at a rate approximately 25 times greater than DNA sequence changes.

4468

Is calcium overload involved in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy?

Yes.

1695

What indication has FTY720 been approved for by the FDA?

FTY720 has been pproved (September 2010) by the U.S. FDA as a new treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS).

3839

Which is the role of mediator in genome organization?

Mediator binds to boundaries of chromosomal interaction domains and to proteins involved in DNA looping, RNA metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and actin assembly.

4062

Is colistin an antibiotic?

Yes, colistin is an antibiotic.

4036

A bite from the Lone Star Tick Amblyomma americanum, can cause the victim to become allergic to red meat, yes or no?

Conditions such as Southern tick-associated rash illness and anaphylaxis to red meat following tick bites have been attributed to the lone star tick, Ambyomma ameriacanum.

2599

Are TAD boundaries in Drosophila depleted in highly-expressed genes?

Drosophila inter-TADs harbor active chromatin and constitutively transcribed (housekeeping) genes.

2277