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nasa is launching a new chess sounding rocket on june 27 which will study vast interstellar clouds to understand more about the earliest stages of star formation. chess – short for the colorado high-resolution echelle stellar spectrograph – is a sounding rocket that will fly on a black brant ix suborbital sounding rocket. advertising deep in space between distant stars, space is not empty. instead, there drifts vast clouds of neutral atoms and molecules, as well as charged plasma particles called the interstellar medium – that may, over millions of years, evolve into new stars and even planets. chess will measure light filtering through the interstellar medium to study the atoms and molecules within, which provides crucial information for understanding the life-cycle of stars. “the interstellar medium pervades the galaxy,” said kevin france, from the university of colorado, boulder in the us. “when massive stars explode as supernovae, they expel this raw material. it’s the insides of dead stars, turning into the next generation of stars and planets,” said france. chess is a spectrograph, which provides information on how much of any given wavelength of light is present. it will train its eye at beta scorpii – a hot, brightly shining star in the scorpius constellation well-positioned for the instrument to probe the material between the star and our own solar system. as light from beta scorpii streams toward earth, atoms and molecules – including carbon, oxygen and hydrogen – block the light to varying degrees along the way. scientists know which wavelengths are blocked by what, so by looking at how much light reaches the space around earth, they can assess all sorts of details about the space it travelled through to get there. chess data provides observations such as which atoms and molecules are present in space, their temperatures and how fast they are moving. the scientists also use chess data to evaluate how the interstellar cloud is structured, which can help them pinpoint where it stands in the process of star formation. it is still not known exactly how long it takes for this material to be incorporated into new stars. however, scientists know dense clouds can pave the way for the collapse at the very beginning of star formation. the flight of a sounding rocket is a short one; chess will fly for about 16 minutes total. advertising just six-and-a-half of those minutes are spent making observations between 144 and 321 kilometres above the surface – observations that can only be made in space, above the atmosphere, which the far-ultraviolet light that chess observes can not penetrate. after the flight, the payload parachutes to the ground, where it can be recovered for future flights. this is the third flight for the chess payload in the past three years, and the mission’s most detailed survey yet.

moʊst əv ˈkɪŋdəm hɑrts wərldz wɪl bi nu tɪ ðə ˈsɪriz baɪ ˈsɑtoʊ ʤun 23 2015 noʊˈmʊrə həz bɪn ˈprɪti ˈbɪzi ˈæftər skwɛr ˈɛnɪks rɪˈvild ˈfaɪnəl ˈfænəsi ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən 4 ˈriˈmeɪk æt wɪʧ bi dɪˈrɛktɪŋ, bət wi ˈɔlsoʊ gɑt ðə ˈleɪtəst lʊk æt ˈkɪŋdəm hɑrts, əˈnəðər geɪm dɪˈrɛktɪŋ. hi ʃɛrd mɔr ˈditeɪlz ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju ɪn ðɪs ˈɪʃu əv ˈmægəˌzin. [θæŋks, geɪm jouhou*.] ˈkɪŋdəm hɑrts ˈbætəl ˈsɪstəm bi laɪk bərθ baɪ dɛk kəˈmændz, bət ɪt wɪl bi mɔr ɔn ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl saɪd wɪθ kəˈmændz laɪk ““fight”*” ənd ““magic”*”. wɪθ fri rən biɪŋ ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ɪn ðə geɪm, moʊˈbɪlɪti wɪl bi ˈdɪfərənt. bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ goʊ ˈoʊvər moʊst θɪŋz baɪ ˈsɪmpli ˈʤəmpɪŋ ənd ˈrənɪŋ, ənd wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ gɪt tɪ rən əp wɔlz. ˌbiˈsaɪdz oʊˈlɪmpəs, moʊst əv ˈkɪŋdəm hɑrts wərldz wɪl bi nu, laɪk ðə ˈtæŋgəld wərld ðət wɑz ʃoʊn ˈdʊrɪŋ ɛz noʊˈmʊrə ˈpriviəsli ˈsteɪtɪd, ˈkɪŋdəm hɑrts wɪl kənˈklud ˈstɔri, bət ðə ˈkɪŋdəm hɑrts ˈsɪriz ɛnd. (ˈkɪŋdəm hɑrts wɪl kənˈklud ðə seeker”*” pɑrt əv ðə ˈsɪriz, tɪ bi prɪˈsaɪs.) skwɛr ˈɛnɪks hæv ɔˈrɛdi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ɔn wət tɪ du wɪθ ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz ðət fænz kɛr əˈbaʊt, ənd ðeɪ goʊɪŋ tɪ əˈvɔɪd duɪŋ θɪŋz ðət meɪ bi ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪŋ. skwɛr ˈɛnɪks hæv ɔˈrɛdi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ɔn ə riˈlis ˈwɪndoʊ, bət rɪˈvil ɪt jɛt. mɔr ˈditeɪlz wɪl bi rɪˈvild ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈɛkspoʊ fæn ɪˈvɛnt ðət teɪks pleɪs ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 3rd*. ˈkɪŋdəm hɑrts dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪz goʊɪŋ sˈmuðli. ˈkərəntli ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈsikrɪt ˈmuviz ənd wət tɪ hæv æt ðə ɛnd. ˈkɪŋdəm hɑrts ɪz ɪn dɪˈvɛləpmənt fər ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən 4 ənd wən.

most of kingdom hearts iii’s worlds will be new to the series by sato . june 23, 2015 . 12:28pm tetsuya nomura has been pretty busy after square enix revealed final fantasy vii’s playstation 4 remake at e3, which he’ll be directing, but we also got the latest look at kingdom hearts iii, another game he’s directing. he shared more details in an interview in this week’s issue of famitsu magazine. [thanks, game jouhou.] kingdom hearts iii’s battle system won’t be like birth by sleep’s deck commands, but it will be more on the traditional side with commands like “fight” and “magic”. with free run being implemented in the game, sora’s mobility will be different. he’ll be able to go over most things by simply jumping and running, and will also get to run up walls. besides olympus, most of kingdom hearts iii’s worlds will be new, like the tangled world that was shown during e3. as nomura previously stated, kingdom hearts iii will conclude xehanort’s story, but the kingdom hearts series won’t end. (kingdom hearts iii will conclude the “dark seeker” part of the series, to be precise.) square enix have already decided on what to do with the characters that fans care about, and they going to avoid doing things that may be disappointing. square enix have already decided on a release window, but can’t reveal it yet. more details will be revealed during the d23 expo fan event that takes place on november 3rd. kingdom hearts iii’s development is going smoothly. they’re currently thinking about secret movies and what to have at the end. kingdom hearts iii is in development for playstation 4 and xbox one.

ˈʤəstɪs fər rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ˈrɔŋli ˈkɪtən baɪ: ˈænəməl ˈləvərz rɪˈsɪpiənt: ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə steɪt ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtərz rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ˈhɛroʊən ˈæˌdɪkt ˈdænjəl ˈdɑkəri reɪzd hɪz ˈkɪtən ˈskrəfi frəm bərθ, hər ənd ˈlɛtɪŋ hər slip ɔn hɪz ˈpɪloʊ. ɛz ˈdɑkəri ˈnərʧərd hɪz pɛt, hi faʊnd ə sɛns əv ˈpərpəs ðət hɛlpt ɪm ˈoʊvərˌkəm hɪz drəg əˈdɪkʃən. ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 8 2011 ˈskrəfi kət hərˈsɛlf ɔn ə ˈbɑrbdˈwaɪr fɛns ənd səˈsteɪnd ˈizəli ˈtritəbəl ˌlæsərˈeɪʃənz. ˈdɑkəri brɔt hɪz pɛt tɪ ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə hjuˈmeɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti. əˈneɪbəl tɪ peɪ ðə 400 vɛt bɪl, hi saɪnd hɪz ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp raɪts əˈweɪ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr prɑmpt ˈtritmənt. tu deɪz ˈæftər ˈkrɪsməs, hjuˈmeɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti əˈfɪʃəlz kənˈfərmd ðət wɑz pʊt daʊn du tɪ ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli peɪ ðə vɛt bɪl. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈməðər ˈɔfərd tɪ peɪ ðə bɪl ˈoʊvər ðə foʊn wɪθ ə ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd ər waɪər ðə ˈməni ɪn, ðə ˈklɪnɪk ˈmænɪʤər rɪfˈjuzd hər ˈɔfərz. ˈskrəfi wɑz kəmˈplitli ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri ənd kruəl, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn laɪt əv hər roʊl ɛz ə ˈθɛrəpi pɛt. saɪn ðə pəˈtɪʃən tɪ meɪk ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ə steɪt tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðɪs taɪp əv ˈtræʤədi frəm ˈhæpənɪŋ əˈgɛn. rɛd pəˈtɪʃən ˈlɛtər ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 8 2011 ˈskrəfi kət hərˈsɛlf ɔn ə ˈbɑrbdˈwaɪr fɛns ənd səˈsteɪnd ˈizəli ˈtritəbəl, ˌlæsərˈeɪʃənz. kənˈsərnd fər ðə ˈkəmfərt ənd hɛlθ, ˈdɑkəri brɔt hɪz pɛt tɪ ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə hjuˈmeɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti. əˈneɪbəl tɪ peɪ ðə 400 vɛt bɪl, hi saɪnd hɪz ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp raɪts əˈweɪ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr prɑmpt ˈtritmənt. tu deɪz ˈæftər ˈkrɪsməs, hjuˈmeɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti əˈfɪʃəlz kənˈfərmd ðət wɑz pʊt daʊn du tɪ ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli peɪ ðə vɛt bɪl. ˈməðər ˈɔfərd tɪ peɪ ðə bɪl ˈoʊvər ðə foʊn wɪθ ə ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd ər waɪər ðə ˈməni ɪn soʊ ðət ˈdɑkəri kʊd peɪ kæʃ, bət ðə ˈklɪnɪk ˈmænɪʤər rɪfˈjuzd hər ˈɔfərz. ˈdɑkəri hæd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn rɪˈsivɪŋ doʊˈneɪʃənz frəm ˈsɪmpəˌθaɪzərz, bət ðə ˈklɪnɪk ˈdɪdənt wɔnt tɪ weɪt. ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˈjuθəˌnaɪz ˈskrəfi wɑz kəmˈplitli ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri ənd kruəl, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn laɪt əv hər roʊl ɛz ə ˈθɛrəpi pɛt. pliz kənˈsɪdər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ə steɪt tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðɪs taɪp əv ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən frəm ˈhæpənɪŋ əˈgɛn. θæŋk ju fər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə taɪm tɪ rɛd ənd kənˈsɪdər ɑr pəˈtɪʃən. wi, ðə undersigned*, ər dɪˈstərbd baɪ ən ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˈjuθəˌnaɪz rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ˈhɛroʊən ˈæˌdɪkt ˈdænjəl ˈkɪtən bɪˈkəz hi ˈkʊdənt peɪ hɪz vɛt bɪl ɔn taɪm. ˈdænjəl ˈdɑkəri reɪzd hɪz ˈkɪtən ˈskrəfi frəm bərθ, hər ənd ˈlɛtɪŋ hər slip ɔn hɪz ˈpɪloʊ. ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɑz ˌsɪmbiˈɑtɪk; ɛz ˈdɑkəri ˈnərʧərd hɪz pɛt, hi faʊnd ə sɛns əv ˈpərpəs ðət hɛlpt ɪm ˈoʊvərˌkəm hɪz drəg dɪˈsɛmbər 8 2011 ˈskrəfi kət hərˈsɛlf ɔn ə ˈbɑrbdˈwaɪr fɛns ənd səˈsteɪnd ˈizəli ˈtritəbəl, ˌlæsərˈeɪʃənz. kənˈsərnd fər ðə ˈkəmfərt ənd hɛlθ, ˈdɑkəri brɔt hɪz pɛt tɪ ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə hjuˈmeɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti. əˈneɪbəl tɪ peɪ ðə 400 vɛt bɪl, hi saɪnd hɪz ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp raɪts əˈweɪ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr prɑmpt ˈtritmənt.. ˈməðər ˈɔfərd tɪ peɪ ðə bɪl ˈoʊvər ðə foʊn wɪθ ə ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd ər waɪər ðə ˈməni ɪn soʊ ðət ˈdɑkəri kʊd peɪ kæʃ, bət ðə ˈklɪnɪk ˈmænɪʤər rɪfˈjuzd hər ˈɔfərz. ˈdɑkəri hæd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn rɪˈsivɪŋ doʊˈneɪʃənz frəm ˈsɪmpəˌθaɪzərz, bət ðə ˈklɪnɪk ˈdɪdənt wɔnt tɪ weɪt.

justice for recovering addict's wrongly euthanized kitten by: animal lovers recipient: arizona state legislators recovering heroin addict daniel dockery raised his kitten scruffy from birth, hand-feeding her and letting her sleep on his pillow. as dockery nurtured his pet, he found a sense of purpose that helped him overcome his drug addiction. on december 8, 2011, scruffy cut herself on a barbed-wire fence and sustained easily treatable lacerations. dockery brought his pet to the arizona humane society. unable to pay the $400 vet bill, he signed his ownership rights away to ensure prompt treatment. two days after christmas, humane society officials confirmed that scuffy was put down due to dockery's inability to immediately pay the vet bill. although dockery's mother offered to pay the bill over the phone with a credit card or wire the money in, the clinic manager refused her offers. euthanizing scruffy was completely unnecessary and cruel, especially in light of her role as a therapy pet. sign the petition to make arizona a no-kill state to prevent this type of tragedy from happening again. read petition letter ▾ on december 8, 2011, scruffy cut herself on a barbed-wire fence and sustained easily treatable, non-life-threatening lacerations. concerned for the kitten's comfort and health, dockery brought his pet to the arizona humane society. unable to pay the $400 vet bill, he signed his ownership rights away to ensure prompt treatment. two days after christmas, humane society officials confirmed that scuffy was put down due to dockery's inability to immediately pay the vet bill. dockery's mother offered to pay the bill over the phone with a credit card or wire the money in so that dockery could pay cash, but the clinic manager refused her offers. dockery had also been receiving donations from sympathizers, but the clinic didn't want to wait. the decision to euthanize scruffy was completely unnecessary and cruel, especially in light of her role as a therapy pet. please consider making arizona a no-kill state to prevent this type of situation from happening again. thank you for taking the time to read and consider our petition. we, the undersigned, are disturbed by an arizona veterinarian's decision to euthanize recovering heroin addict daniel dockery's kitten because he couldn't pay his vet bill on time. daniel dockery raised his kitten scruffy from birth, hand-feeding her and letting her sleep on his pillow. their relationship was symbiotic; as dockery nurtured his pet, he found a sense of purpose that helped him overcome his drug addiction.on december 8, 2011, scruffy cut herself on a barbed-wire fence and sustained easily treatable, non-life-threatening lacerations. concerned for the kitten's comfort and health, dockery brought his pet to the arizona humane society. unable to pay the $400 vet bill, he signed his ownership rights away to ensure prompt treatment.. dockery's mother offered to pay the bill over the phone with a credit card or wire the money in so that dockery could pay cash, but the clinic manager refused her offers. dockery had also been receiving donations from sympathizers, but the clinic didn't want to wait.

ɪts noʊ ˈsikrɪt ðət koʊlts fænz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ mɪs ˈpeɪtən ˈmænɪŋ. bət pərˈhæps ðɛr ɪz əˈnəðər ˌsɛgˈmɛnt əv ðə ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən hu maɪt mɪs ɪm ˈivɪn mɔr: ˈweɪtərz ənd ˈweɪtrəsɪz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf əv ə rɪˈsit frəm ðə ˈæŋgəs bɑrn ɪn ˈrɔli, nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə, ˈmænɪŋ ˈrisəntli lɛft ə 200 tɪp fər ə tæb ðət ɔˈrɛdi ˌɪnˈkludɪd 18 grəˈtuɪti. ðə rɪˈsit wɑz ˈdeɪtɪd ˈərliər ðət deɪ ˈmænɪŋ hæd bɪn ˌsərəpˈtɪʃəsli fɪlmd goʊɪŋ θru θroʊɪŋ drɪlz ɔn ðə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈkæmpəs əv duk ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ɪf ˈmænɪŋ həz kənˈsɪstəntli bɪn ðɪs ˈʤɛnərəs ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz 14 jɪrz wɪθ ðə koʊlts ðɛn hi həz pərˈhæps bɪn ˈɛvəri bɪt ɛz bɪˈləvəd baɪ ðoʊz dɪˈspɛnsɪŋ ˈbɛvrɪʤɪz ənd milz ɪn ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs ɛz ðoʊz foʊks kənˈsumɪŋ ðɛm æt ˈlukəs ɔɪl ˈsteɪdiəm. dɪˈskəvərd ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ðə rɪˈsit ɔn ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ bɔrd əv ən ˈhɑki ˈfɔrəm ɪn ə θrɛd ɛnˈtaɪtəld ˈoʊˈti: ðɪs ʤɪst ɪn ˈpeɪtən ˈmænɪŋ nɑt ə ʧip ˈbæstərd. ðə ˈɪmɪʤ hæd bɪn ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ ˈsəmˌwən wɪθ ðə ˈhændəl mcdizzle*, hu kleɪmd tɪ bi ə "frɛnd əv ə frɛnd" əv ðə ˈweɪtər hu sərvd ˈmænɪŋz grup. ˈʤɛnərəli, səˈlɛbrɪti ˈtɪpɪŋ ˈhæbəts gɪt ˈpəblɪˌsaɪzd ənd goʊ ˈvaɪrəl wɪn ˈsəmˌwən ɪz ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli pur ˈtɪpər. ɪn ə lɪst əv ðə tɔp tɛn ˈʧipəst səˈlɛbrɪti ˈtɪpərz kəmˈpaɪld baɪ ðə maɪˈæmi nu taɪmz ɪn ˈɔgəst 2011 tu ˈæθˌlits krækt ðə tɔp faɪv. ðə ˈʧipəst səˈlɛbrɪti ˈtɪpər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈstɔri, wɑz ˈtaɪgər wʊdz. ˈræŋkɪŋ æt noʊ. 4 wɑz maɪˈæmi hit ˌsupərˈstɑr ˈlɛbrən ʤeɪmz, hu ˈlɑbid fər ˈmænɪŋ tɪ teɪk hɪz ˈtælənts tɪ saʊθ biʧ mɪr aʊərz ˈæftər ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˌfɛrˈwɛl prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs.

it's no secret that colts fans are going to miss peyton manning. but perhaps there is another segment of the indianapolis population who might miss him even more: waiters and waitresses. according to a photograph of a receipt from the angus barn in raleigh, north carolina, manning recently left a $200 tip for a $739.58 tab that already included 18% gratuity. the receipt was dated 3/2/12. earlier that day manning had been surreptitiously filmed going through throwing drills on the nearby campus of duke university. if manning has consistently been this generous during his 14 years with the colts then he has perhaps been every bit as beloved by those dispensing beverages and meals in indianapolis as those folks consuming them at lucas oil stadium. deadspin discovered a photo of the receipt on the message board of an nhl hockey forum in a thread entitled ot: this just in - peyton manning - not a cheap bastard. the image had been posted by someone with the handle bizzle mcdizzle, who claimed to be a "friend of a friend" of the waiter who served manning's group. generally, celebrity tipping habits get publicized and go viral when someone is a particularly poor tipper. in a list of the top ten cheapest celebrity tippers compiled by the miami new times in august 2011, two athletes cracked the top five. the cheapest celebrity tipper, according to the story, was tiger woods. ranking at no. 4 was miami heat superstar lebron james, who lobbied for manning to take his talents to south beach mere hours after the quarterback's emotional farewell press conference in indianapolis.

wɪn nɑt ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ˈhɪləri daɪæn ˈrɔdəm clintonread*: koʊən ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni əˈlɛʤɪz trəmp nu stoʊn tɔkt wɪθ əˈbaʊt ˈdiˌɛnˌsi iˈmeɪlz ˈkaʊnti ɪn ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ʃɛrz ˈɪmɪʤ kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˈsændərz tɪ ˈhɪtlər ˈhoʊldər: 'taɪm tɪ meɪk ðə ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkɑlɪʤ ə ˈvɛstɪʤ əv ðə pæst' feɪld kæmˈpeɪn, ðə democrats’*’ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈhɑbi ɪz tɪ brɪŋ əp ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈʃətɪŋ daʊn əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈoʊvər ˈfəndɪŋ ɪn 2013 əv kɔrs, ðə fækts əv ðə ˈmætər peɪnt ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈpɪkʧər kənˈsərvətɪvz wər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt ɔn, bət ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd hɪz ˈmɪnjənz ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs sɛd ɑr weɪ ər ðə highway.”*.” ˈklɪrli, ˈlɪˌbərəlz hæv ˈnɛvər rɛd ðə ɑrt əv ðə dil. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈʃətˌdaʊn, ˈeɪʤənsiz ənd ɪmˈplɔɪiz ˈfəndɪd θru ˈænjuəl əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃənz rɪˈsivd dɪˈleɪd ˈpeɪmənts, waɪl ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv dɪˈfɛns, ənd ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈkɑŋgrəs rɪˈmeɪnd ɔn ðə ˈpeɪˌroʊl. təˈdeɪ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈdɛməˌkræts ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛr əbˈstrəkʃəˌnɪzəm tɪ ə hoʊl nu ˈlɛvəl ðeɪ ər ˈʤɛpərˌdaɪzɪŋ ɑr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti baɪ rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp tɪ əˈpɔɪnt ki ˈstæfərz tɪ ˈkrɪtɪkəl pəˈzɪʃənz. naʊ, ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ər ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ə də ˈfæktoʊ ˈgəvərnmənt ˈʃətˌdaʊn ðɛmˈsɛlvz. rɪˈmɛmbər ə fju jɪrz əˈgoʊ wɪn ˈdɛməˌkræts kəmˈpleɪnd əˈbaʊt republicans’*’ əbˈstrəktɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌnɑməˈniz? təˈdeɪ, ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts hu kraɪd əˈbaʊt rɪˈpəblɪkən əbˈstrəkʃəˌnɪzəm ər ðə seɪm wənz hu ər ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd əbˈstrəkʃən ənd ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ əv ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌnɑməˈniz. wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tæsks fər ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈsɛnɪt ɪz tɪ kənˈsɪdər ənd kənˈfərm ˌnɑməˈniz tɪ ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv brænʧ əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt. ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən gɪvz ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ðə paʊər tɪ ˈnɑməˌneɪt ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz tɪ sərv ɪn ðə ʤuˈdɪʃəl ənd ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈbrænʧɪz, waɪl ðə ˈsɛnɪt həz ðə paʊər tɪ ədˈvaɪz ənd kənˈsɛnt. raɪt naʊ, ðoʊ, ðɛr ɪz nɑt məʧ kənˈsɛnt goʊɪŋ ɔn. wən rɪˈzəlt əv ðɪs ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ækt əv əbˈstrəkʃəˌnɪzəm ɪz ðət ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz nɑt ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ˈprɑpərli. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə waɪt haʊs, ˈoʊnli tu əv ˈprɛzɪdənt 23 ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˌnɑməˈneɪʃənz hæv ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪn kənˈfərmd baɪ ðə ˈsɛnɪt. wɪθ ðə ˈɔgəst ˈrisɛs ˈlumɪŋ, ðə ˈsɛnɪt həz ˈoʊnli kənˈfərmd 23 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈprɛzɪdənt 216 ˌnɑməˈneɪʃənz, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 69 pərˈsɛnt baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt fərst ˈɔgəst ˈrisɛs. ðiz ˈnəmbərz ər ˈɛvədəns ðət ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts laɪd wɪn ðeɪ kəmˈpleɪnd əˈbaʊt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˌnɑməˈniz. rɪˈmɑrkəbəl, ɪt? ðɪs ɪz fɑr lɛs ðən ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌnɑməˈneɪʃənz əˈpruvd eɪt jɪrz əˈgoʊ, wɪʧ kɔzd hɪˈstɛrɪkəl ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ baɪ ðə laɪks əv ˈkɑrənt ˈsɛnɪt məˈnɔrəti ˈlidər ʧək ˈʃumər ˈʧɑrəlz (ʧək) ˈɛlɪs gən kənˈtroʊl grup gɪts ˈbrɛnən faɪərz bæk æt 'ˈsɛlfɪʃ' trəmp ˈoʊvər ˈhɛri rid ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm trəmp rɪps ˈhɛri rid fər 'feɪld kərɪr' ˈæftər ˈlidər slæmz ɪm ɪn ˈɪntərvˌju mɔr (d-n.y*.) wɪn ˈdɛməˌkræts kleɪmd ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd əbˈstrəkʃən. ðə hɪˈpɑkrəsi ɪz θɪk. bæk ɪn 2013 ˈʃumər sɛd, məʧ prɪˈfər ðə rɪsk əv voʊts ənd məˈʤɔrəti rul ðən ðə rɪsk əv kənˈtɪnjud ənd ˈtoʊtəl əbˈstrəkʃən. ðə ˈbɑtəm laɪn noʊ ˈmætər ɪn power.”*.” wɛl, naʊ ðət ˈdɛməˌkræts ər ɪn paʊər, ðə ˈlidər əv ðə ˈpɑrti ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt ɪz ˈsɪŋɪŋ frəm ə ˈdɪfərənt sɔŋ ʃit. ˈklɪrli, ˈɑnəsti ɪz nɑt ə strɔŋ sut wɪθ səm ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz. ðɪs wik, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv əˈfɛrz mɑrk ʃɔrt leɪd aʊt ðə əbˈstrəkʃəˌnɪzəm ɪn stɑrk tərmz. ˈoʊnli ər ki ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti, ˈɛnərʤi, ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl, ənd ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri pəˈzɪʃənz lɛft unfilled,”*,” hi sɛd, “(“(but*) prəˈsiʤərəl sˈloʊˌdaʊnz hæv kɛpt ðə ˈsɛnɪt kəˈmɪtiz frəm duɪŋ ˈəðər ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv work.”*.” ʃɔrt ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ˈivɪn wɔkt aʊt əv kəˈmɪti ˈhirɪŋz tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ə kˈwɔrəm, laɪk skul ˈʧɪldrən ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛr tɔɪz frəm ðə playground.”*.” raɪt. ˈəltəmətli, ɪt ɪz nɑt rɪˈpəblɪkənz hu ər hərt baɪ ðiz ˈʧaɪldɪʃ ækts, bət ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl hu ər hɑrmd baɪ tactics”*” soʊ ˈdɛməˌkræts kən pleɪ ˈpɑləˌtɪks ə ˈrædɪkəl base,”*,” tɪ juz wərdz. hi ɪz spɑt ɔn. ɛz ʃɔrt ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, wɔr ɪz ˈreɪʤɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist əˈgɛnst ˈaɪsəs, jɛt ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts kənˈtɪnju tɪ blɑk ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌnɑməˈniz laɪk ˌiˈleɪn məˈkəskər fər ˌəndərˈsɛkrɪˌtɛri əv dɪˈfɛns. hiθ ˈtɑrbərt, ˌnɑməˈni tɪ bi əˈsɪstənt ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ðə ˈtrɛʒəri fər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑrkɪts, ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ biɪŋ əbˈstrəktɪd, ˈminɪŋ ɪn pɑrt ðət noʊ wən ɪz ˈseɪfˌgɑrdɪŋ ɑr ˈkəntri frəm bæd ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts. ˈdɛməˌkræts ər ˈhərtɪŋ ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti wɪn ðeɪ əbˈstrəkt. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ʤɑbz ənd ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, ˈdɛməˌkræts ər noʊ ˈbɛtər. ðeɪ ər ˈblɑkɪŋ ˈkɛvɪn ˈælən ˈhæsɪt tɪ hɛd ðə ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ædˈvaɪzərz. ðeɪ ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsæbəˌtɑʒɪŋ ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈɛfərts frəm ðə rɪˈpil ənd ˌriˈpleɪs əv tɪ ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv tæks rɪˈfɔrm, jɛt ðə əbˈstrəkʃən əv ˌnɑməˈneɪʃənz ɪz ˈtruli ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ ðə trəmp əˈʤɛndə baɪ nɑt əˈlaʊɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt tɪ gɪt hɪz stæf ˈwərkɪŋ. ðə nɛkst taɪm ju hir səm feɪk nuz rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ðət ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp ɪz nɑt duɪŋ ɪˈnəf ɪn ðɪs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ər hɛlp ˈmɪdəl əˈmɛrɪkə tɪ kriˈeɪt ʤɑbz, rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ðə kwaɪət ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ əv ðə trəmp əˈʤɛndə ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt təˈdeɪ wɪθ ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ənd ˈblɑkɪŋ kˈwɑləˌfaɪd ˌnɑməˈniz tɪ meɪk ɑr ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt feɪl. ˈkɔri ɑr. luənˈdɔfski sərvd ɛz kæmˈpeɪn ˈmænɪʤər fər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld ʤeɪ. trəmp.

when not talking about hillary clinton hillary diane rodham clintonread: cohen testimony alleges trump knew stone talked with wikileaks about dnc emails county gop in minnesota shares image comparing sanders to hitler holder: 'time to make the electoral college a vestige of the past' more’s failed campaign, the democrats’ favorite hobby is to bring up the republicans shutting down of the government over funding obamacare in 2013. of course, the facts of the matter paint a different picture conservatives were willing to negotiate on obamacare, but president obama and his minions in congress said “it’s our way or the highway.” clearly, liberals have never read the art of the deal. advertisement during the shutdown, agencies and employees funded through annual appropriations received delayed payments, while members of the military, the department of defense, and members of congress remained on the payroll. today, however, democrats are taking their obstructionism to a whole new level they are jeopardizing our economic and national security by refusing to allow president trump to appoint key staffers to critical positions. now, the democrats are implementing a de facto government shutdown themselves. remember a few years ago when democrats complained about republicans’ obstructing president obama’s nominees? today, the democrats who cried about republican obstructionism are the same ones who are engaging in unprecedented obstruction and sabotage of president trump’s nominees. one of the most important tasks for the united states senate is to consider and confirm nominees to the executive branch of the federal government. the constitution gives the president the power to nominate individuals to serve in the judicial and executive branches, while the senate has the power to advise and consent. right now, though, there is not much consent going on. one result of this unprecedented act of obstructionism is that the federal government is not functioning properly. according to the white house, only two of president trump’s 23 judicial nominations have actually been confirmed by the senate. with the august recess looming, the senate has only confirmed 23 percent of president trump’s 216 nominations, compared to 69 percent by president obama’s first august recess. these numbers are evidence that the democrats lied when they complained about republican’s slow-walking obama nominees. remarkable, isn’t it? this is far less than the number of nominations approved eight years ago, which caused hysterical outrage by the likes of current senate minority leader chuck schumer charles (chuck) ellis schumerbrady gun control group gets rebranding brennan fires back at 'selfish' trump over harry reid criticism trump rips harry reid for 'failed career' after ex-dem leader slams him in interview more (d-n.y.) when democrats claimed unprecedented obstruction. the hypocrisy is thick. back in 2013, schumer said, “we much prefer the risk of up-or-down votes and majority rule than the risk of continued and total obstruction. that’s the bottom line no matter who’s in power.” well, now that democrats are in power, the leader of the party in the senate is singing from a different song sheet. clearly, honesty is not a strong suit with some politicians. this week, director of legislative affairs mark short laid out the obstructionism in stark terms. “not only are key national security, energy, financial, and regulatory positions left unfilled,” he said, “(but) procedural slowdowns have kept the senate committees from doing other legislative work.” short pointed out that “democrats even walked out of committee hearings to deny a quorum, like school children taking their toys from the playground.” he’s right. ultimately, it is not republicans who are hurt by these childish acts, but the american people who are harmed by “obstruction tactics” so democrats can play politics “to a radical left-wing base,” to use short’s words. he is spot on. as short pointed out, war is raging in the middle east against isis, yet the democrats continue to block national security nominees like elaine mccusker for undersecretary of defense. heath tarbert, trump’s nominee to be assistant secretary of the treasury for international markets, is also being obstructed, meaning in part that no one is safeguarding our country from bad foreign investments. democrats are hurting national security when they obstruct. when it comes to jobs and the economy, democrats are no better. they are blocking kevin allen hassett to head the council of economic advisors. they are also sabotaging legislative efforts from the repeal and replace of obamacare to comprehensive tax reform, yet the obstruction of nominations is truly an attempt to sabotage the trump agenda by not allowing the president to get his staff working. the next time you hear some fake news reporting that president trump is not doing enough in this administration to increase national security or help middle america to create jobs, remember that the quiet sabotage of the trump agenda is happening in the senate today with the democrats slow-walking and blocking qualified nominees to make our federal government fail. corey r. lewandowski served as campaign manager for president donald j. trump.

baɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: əˈnɛt faɪl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈstɔri ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ˈæmərst ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsi sɛd ˌɪntərˈsteɪt 490 ˈbɪlˌbɔrd wɑz ən əˈtɛmpt æt ˈkipɪŋ ˈkəpəl təˈgɛðər. ðə lɑrʤ, rɛd ˈbɪlˌbɔrd læst mənθ ɔn ˌɪntərˈsteɪt 490 frəm e.k*. ˈæskɪŋ ˈsɛrə nɑt tɪ liv wɑz eɪmd æt ˈkipɪŋ ə ˈkəpəl ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd baɪ əˈbaʊt 75 maɪəlz frəm ˈtɪrɪŋ əˈpɑrt, sɛd ðə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə fərm ðət tʊk aʊt ðə ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt. ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsi kˈwɪnlən ˈkəmpəˌni tʊk aʊt ðə ˈbɪlˌbɔrd fər ə klaɪənt ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈbəfəˌloʊ ˈɛriə ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ kip hɪz ˈgərlˌfrɛnd ɪn ðə ˈrɑˌʧɛstər ˈɛriə, ɪts ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈgɛri ˈmɪlər sɛd. "wi hæd ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wər wi hæd ə gaɪ hu hæd ə gæl ðət wɑz ˈlivɪŋ," hi sɛd, "ənd hi θɔt baɪ ˈrənɪŋ ðət ˈbɪlˌbɔrd ðət hi wʊd tɔk hər ˈɪntu steɪɪŋ. ɪt wɑz kaɪnd əv ə ləv ˈɪntəˌrɛst θɪŋ ənd ɪt wɑz ə ləˈʤɪtəmət əˈtɛmpt æt rɪˈteɪnɪŋ ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp." ˈmɪlər sɛd ðə klaɪənt ˈdɪdənt wɔnt ɪm tɪ riˈlis ˈɛni əv ðə neɪmz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. "aɪ ˈrɪli doʊnt wɔnt tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈpərsɪnəl saɪd əv ðət stəf wɪθ ðə gaɪ," ˈmɪlər sɛd. "aɪ ʤɪst θɔt ɪt wɑz ə ˈrɪli boʊld əˈtɛmpt æt ˈgɪtɪŋ, æt ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən ðət ju kɛr əˈbaʊt ðɛm ənd ju doʊnt wɔnt ðɛm tɪ liv. ɪt wɑz ə ləˈʤɪtəmət əˈtɛmpt æt sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ə ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd ənd ˈgərlˌfrɛnd ənd wət greɪt lɛŋθs ˈpipəl wɪl goʊ tɪ." ðə ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt wɛnt əp ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ dɛk. 15 ənd wɑz ˈvɪzəbəl fər əˈbaʊt tu wiks tɪ ˈmoʊtərɪsts ˈhɛdɪŋ ˈistˌbaʊnd ɔn 490 ɛz ðeɪ əˈproʊʧt ðə saʊθ ˈgʊdmən strit ˈɛksət. "ˈɛvəri wəns ɪn ə waɪl ju gɪt ə streɪnʤ rɪkˈwɛst, ən ənˈjuˌʒuəl rɪkˈwɛst frəm ə klaɪənt," ˈmɪlər sɛd. "lɑts əv taɪmz ðiz ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ər traɪɪŋ tɪ bi ˈoʊvər ðə tɔp, juˈnik ənd græb əˈtɛnʃən ðæts ðə hoʊl ˈpərpəs." ˈnuzˌlɛtərz gɪt ðə ˈrɑˌʧɛstər ˈbɪznɪs ˈnuzˌlɛtər dɪˈlɪvərd tɪ jʊr wɪr ˈsɑri, bət ˈsəmθɪŋ wɛnt rɔŋ steɪ əp tɪ deɪt wɪθ ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈbɪznɪs nuz. pliz traɪ əˈgɛn sun, ər ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈkəstəmər ˈsərvɪs æt dɪˈlɪvəri: ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs θæŋk ju! jʊr ˈɔlˌmoʊst saɪnd əp fər ˈrɑˌʧɛstər ˈbɪznɪs kip ən aɪ aʊt fər ən iˈmeɪl tɪ kənˈfərm jʊr ˈnuzˌlɛtər ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən. mɔr ˈnuzˌlɛtərz ˈmɪlər sɛd ðə fərm həz hɛlpt koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ˈwɛdɪŋ prəˈpoʊzəlz æt ˈriʤənəl spɔrts ɪˈvɛnts, səˈpraɪz ˈpɑrtiz, ˌænəˈvərsəri ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃənz, pleɪn ənd hɑt ɛr bəˈlun raɪdz ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ɪts ˈkɔrpərət wərk. ðə ˈriʤənəl ənd ˈnæʃənəl baɪər həz wərkt wɪθ ðə hɑt dɔg ˈkəmpəˌni ənd ðə ˈwɛstərn nu jɔrk flæʃ, ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ˈseɪvɪŋz bæŋks ənd faɪv stɑr bæŋk, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz, hi ˈædɪd. bət ˈmɪlər ˈdɪdənt noʊ ɪf ðə ˈbɪlˌbɔrd wərkt. "əm nɑt ˈkəmfərtəbəl ˌɪnkˈwaɪərɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðət kaɪnd əv stəf," ˈmɪlər sɛd. "aɪ doʊnt noʊ ɪf ɪt həz ə ˈhæpi ˈɛndɪŋ ər nɑt. aɪ ˈnɛvər æst." rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:

buy photo (photo: annette lein/@bikebizzle/2014 file photo)buy photo story highlights amherst advertising agency said interstate 490 billboard was an attempt at keeping couple together. the large, red billboard last month on interstate 490 from e.k. asking sara not to leave was aimed at keeping a couple separated by about 75 miles from tearing apart, said the ceo of the firm that took out the advertisement. amherst-based advertising agency quinlan & company took out the billboard for a client living in the buffalo area hoping to keep his girlfriend in the rochester area, its ceo gary miller said. "we had a situation were we had a guy who had a gal that was leaving," he said, "and he thought by running that billboard that he would talk her into staying. it was kind of a love interest thing and it was a legitimate attempt at retaining a relationship." miller said the client didn't want him to release any of the names involved. "i really don't want to get into the personal side of that stuff with the guy," miller said. "i just thought it was a really bold attempt at getting, at telling someone that you care about them and you don't want them to leave. it was a legitimate attempt at securing a relationship between a boyfriend and girlfriend and what great lengths people will go to." the advertisement went up on monday dec. 15, and was visible for about two weeks to motorists heading eastbound on 490 as they approached the south goodman street exit. "every once in a while you get a strange request, an unusual request from a client," miller said. "lots of times these individuals are trying to be over the top, unique and grab attention — that's the whole purpose." newsletters get the rochester business newsletter delivered to your inbox we're sorry, but something went wrong stay up to date with the latest business news. please try again soon, or contact customer service at 1-800-790-9565. delivery: mon-fri invalid email address thank you! you're almost signed up for rochester business keep an eye out for an email to confirm your newsletter registration. more newsletters miller said the 24-employee firm has helped coordinate wedding proposals at regional sports events, surprise parties, anniversary celebrations, plane flyovers and hot air balloon rides in addition to its corporate work. the regional and national buyer has worked with the sahlen's hot dog company and the western new york flash, northwest savings banks and five star bank, among others, he added. but miller didn't know if the billboard worked. "i'm not comfortable inquiring about that kind of stuff," miller said. "i don't know if it has a happy ending or not. i never asked." read or share this story: http://on.rocne.ws/1brpc5s

ˈæftər ˌrɑkˈsæn ˌrɑkˈsæn spɔnd ˈdəzənz əv ˈænsər ˈrɛkərdz bæk ɪn ðə grup ənd ðɛr prəˈdusərz, fʊl fɔrs, kriˈeɪtɪd ðɛr oʊn ˈɔθərˌaɪzd ˈænsər ˈrɛkərd, ˈhaɪrɪŋ ə ˈwʊmən neɪmd ʤæk tɪ ˈrɛkərd ɪt ɛz ril roxanne.”*.” fər ˈrizənz ənˈnoʊn, ˈæftər ðə ˈrɛkərd wɑz riˈlist ʃi wɑz ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ ə ˈwʊmən neɪmd mɑrˈtinɛz hu wʊd pərˈfɔrm ðə sɔŋ ɔn steɪʤ wɪθ ənd əˈpɪrd ɛz ˌrɑkˈsæn ɪn ðɛr mˈjuzɪk ˈvɪdioʊ. ɪn 1988 ʃi riˈlist hər oʊn ˈdeɪbju ˈælbəm ɔn səˈlɛkt ˈrɛkərdz, wɪʧ ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli meɪks hər wən əv ðə ˈərliəst ˈræpərz wɪθ ə ˈrɛkərd dil. ðə ˈælbəm kənˈsɪstɪd əv 13 sɔŋz (wɪʧ ɪz ə lɔt fər ðət taɪm), ˈmoʊstli prəˈdust baɪ fʊl fɔrs ənd hər ˈhɪtˌmæn haʊi ti, ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp wɪθ ðə ɔn ə roʊl, ɪn wɪʧ ʃi dɪˈklɛrz hərˈsɛlf fərst lady”*” ənd teɪks ə səˈblɪmɪnəl ʃɑt æt ˈɛmˈsi lyte*. ʃi pruvz hərˈsɛlf tɪ bi ə ˈkɑmpətɪnt ˈræpərz ɔn ðə træks lʊk bət təʧ ənd ˈərli ˈərli ənd ðɛn ˈʧeɪnʤɪz toʊn ɔn ˌɪnˈfæʧuˌeɪtɪd, wɪʧ ɪz ə ləv ræp (ˈæftər ðə səkˈsɛs əv kul nid love”*”, moʊst ˈræpərz traɪd tɪ du ə ləv ræp). ənd ðɛn ɔn ˈskændəl ʃi ˈæˌkʧuəli sɪŋz, ənd ɪz ˈvɛri gʊd, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgɪtɪŋ bæk tɪ ræp wɪθ ðə hɪt sɔŋ bæŋ zum (lɛts goʊ goʊ). ðə nɛkst træks, ˈivɪn fil ɪt, hər bæd sɛlf ənd gɪt əp ɔn ðə gɪt daʊn ər trəˈdɪʃənəl ˌbrægəˈdoʊʃiˌoʊ raɪmz ˈoʊvər ˈfəŋki bits. ənd ðɛn ɔn oʊ ˈdɑrlɪŋ (laɪk wi juzd tɪ) əˈnəðər ˈbæləd wɪθ ˌrɑkˈsæn ˈsɪŋɪŋ. ənd ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ðə ˈsɪŋgəl, rɪˈspɛkt tid ɔf ɪz ən oʊd tɪ ðə skɪlz əv hər, ənd ðɛn ðə ˈælbəm ˈkloʊzɪz aʊt wɪθ ræp tɪ mi. ˈoʊvərˌɔl ðɪs ə bæd ˈælbəm. ˈlɪrɪkli ˈkɑmpətɪnt bət nɑt spɛkˈtækjələr. ˈsərtənli ʃi stænd əp tɪ ˌrɑkˈsæn shante*, sɔlt ɛn ənd ˈəðər ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈræpərz əv hər ˈɪrə. bət wɪθ fʊl slɪk pərˈdəkʃən wərk, ʃi kriˈeɪtɪd ə nis bənʧ əv sɔŋz. aɪ wʊd ˈsɪŋgəl aʊt ðə tu sɔŋz wɛr ʃi sɪŋz ənd seɪ ðət, ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən, ʃi ˈprɑbəˌbli ʃʊd hæv ˈfoʊkɪst mɔr ɔn biɪŋ ə ˈsɪŋər ðən ə ˈræpər, ʃi maɪt hæv ˈlæstɪd ˈlɔŋgər. ˈreɪtɪŋ: θri stɑrz əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ˈaɪˌtunz

after utfo’s roxanne roxanne spawned dozens of answer records back in 1984-85, the group and their producers, full force, created their own authorized answer record, hiring a woman named elease jack to record it as “the real roxanne.” for reasons unknown, after the record was released she was replaced by a woman named adelaida martinez who would perform the song on stage with utfo and appeared as roxanne in their music video. in 1988 she released her own full-length self-titled debut album on select records, which incidentally makes her one of the earliest non-black rappers with a record deal. the album consisted of 13 songs (which is a lot for that time), mostly produced by full force and her dj hitman howie tee, opening up with the uptempo roxanne’s on a roll, in which she declares herself “rap’s first lady” and takes a subliminal shot at mc lyte. she proves herself to be a competent rappers on the midtempo tracks look but don’t touch and early early and then changes tone on infatuated, which is a love rap (after the success of ll cool j’s “i need love”, most rappers tried to do a love rap). and then on luv scandal she actually sings, and is very good, before getting back to rap with the hit song bang zoom (lets go go). the next tracks, don’t even feel it, her bad self and get up on the get down are traditional braggadocio rhymes over funky beats. and then on oh darling (like we used to) it’s another ballad with roxanne singing. and that’s followed by the single, respect howie’s teed off is an ode to the skills of her dj, and then the album closes out with rap to me. overall this wasn’t isn’t a bad album. lyrically she’s competent but not spectacular. certainly she wouldn’t stand up to roxanne shante, salt n pepa and other female rappers of her era. but with full force’s slick production work, she created a nice bunch of songs. i would single out the two songs where she sings and say that, in my opinion, she probably should have focused more on being a singer than a rapper, she might have lasted longer. chacebook rating: three stars available on itunes

ðə waɪt haʊs ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ kɔld ə ˈbɪljən prəˈpoʊzəl tɪ ɪkˈspænd ˈhaɪˌspid ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ 99 pərˈsɛnt əv skulz ə ““no-brainer,”*,” bət sɛd ðə aɪˈdiə ˈəltəmətli rikˈwaɪərz əˈpruvəl baɪ ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈfɛdərəl kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz kəˈmɪʃən. ˈspikɪŋ ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə kˈwɛʃən ɪn ˈmɑrθəz ˈvɪnjərd, wɛr ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz veɪˈkeɪʃənɪŋ, waɪt haʊs ˈspoʊksmən ʤɑʃ ˈərnɪst sɛd ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz pɑrt əv ðə əˈʤɛndə əv ɪkˈspændɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɑpərˈtunəti ðət həz bɪn ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl trɪps ənd ˈspiʧɪz ðɪs ˈsəmər. kˈwɑləti ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪz ə ki kəmˈpoʊnənt əv that,”*,” hi sɛd. wɪθ ə ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈmɑdəst ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, wi kʊd kəˈnɛkt 99 pərˈsɛnt əv skulz ɔl əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt, ənd ðət wʊd ɪkˈspænd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˈstudənts ɪn ə ˈrɪli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt way.”*.” ðə prəˈpoʊzəl, wɪʧ wɑz ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst ˈstɔri ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ɪz kɔld kəˈnɛktɪd ənd wɑz fərst ənˈveɪld ɪn ʤun baɪ ˌoʊˈbɑmə. ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd hɪz eɪdz rɪˈgɑrd ðə aɪˈdiə ɛz pəˈtɛnʃəli wən əv ðə moʊst ˌtrænsˈfɔrmɑˌtɪv prəˈpoʊzəlz əv hɪz ˈprɛzɪdənsi, ənd ðeɪ seɪ ðeɪ ər riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ðə tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ɪt ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪz ənˈlaɪkli tɪ ækt ɔn ɪts oʊn. hæv sin ə ˈlɪtəl dɪsˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs. ju wʊd θɪŋk ðət kəˈnɛktɪŋ skulz tɪ ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˌsupərˈhaɪˌweɪ wʊd bi ə ˈprɪti nɑnˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl topic,”*,” ˈərnɪst sɛd. ““unfortunately*, wi ˈhævənt sin ə lɔt əv ˈækʃən ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs, soʊ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt həz ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd ən ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv, ˌjunəˈlætərəl ˈækʃən tɪ gɪt ðɪs done.”*.” stɪl, ðə ˈspoʊksmən ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz ˈpʊʃɪŋ ɔn ɪts oʊn tɪ ɪkˈspænd ˈbrɔdˌbænd, ɪt dɪz ɪn ðə ɛnd rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ðə tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv. ðə kəˈmɪʃən həz ðə paʊər tɪ reɪz fiz ɔn ˈsɛlˌfoʊnz ənd ˈəðər ˈtɛləkɑm ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ fənd kənɛkˈtɪvɪti fər skulz ənd ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz, noʊn ɛz ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. ɪz ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈbɑdi, ənd ðɛl hæv tɪ meɪk ðɛr oʊn dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə program,”*,” ˈərnɪst sɛd. hi sɛd duɪŋ soʊ wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli ˌɪmˈpoʊz ə kɔst əv 5 ər lɛs ə jɪr ɔn ˈsɛlfoʊn ˈoʊnərz. ðə, hi sɛd, nidz "tɪ meɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈəpˌdeɪt ðɪs ˈproʊˌgræm soʊ ðət ðeɪ kən waɪər skulz tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. əˈgɛn, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt θɪŋks ðæts ə ˌnoʊˈbreɪnər." sɛn. ʤeɪ ˈrɑkəˌfɛlər (d-w.va*.), hu hɛlpt kriˈeɪt ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn ðə ənd təˈdeɪ ɪz ðə ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈkɑmərs kəˈmɪti, sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət ðə ˈproʊˌgræm həz bɪn ɪˈnɔrməsli ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl ənd ðət hi hoʊps ðə muvz ˈfɔrwərd ɔn kəˈnɛktɪd. həz səkˈsɛsfəli trænsˈfɔrmd ðə weɪ wi ˈɛʤəˌkeɪt ˈstudənts ənd ɪt həz ɪˈneɪbəld skulz ənd ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz əˈkrɔs ðɪs ˈkəntri tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən society,”*,” ˈrɑkəˌfɛlər sɛd. "ən ɪkˈspændɪd ˈproʊˌgræm kən meɪk ən ˈivɪn ˈbɪgər ˌɪmˈpækt ənd brɪŋ ˈhaɪˌspid kənɛkˈtɪvɪti tɪ ɔl skulz ənd libraries.”*.” səm rɪˈpəblɪkənz ənd əˈfɪʃəlz hæv wɔrnd ðət ðeɪ wʊd əˈpoʊz ˈɛni nu ˈpɑləsi ðət ˈreɪzɪz fiz ɔn kənˈsumərz, seɪɪŋ ðɛr ɪz tu məʧ ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənsi ɪn ðə ˈproʊˌgræm təˈdeɪ. bət ˈrɑkəˌfɛlər, hu hɛld ə ˈhirɪŋ ɔn ðə kəˈnɛktɪd prəˈpoʊzəl, preɪzd ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər pərˈsuɪŋ ðə aɪˈdiə ənd sɛd hi wʊd wərk tɪ si ɪt θru. glæd tɪ hæv səʧ ə strɔŋ ˈædvəˌkeɪt ɪn ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt hu ˌəndərˈstændz ðət ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪntərˌnɛt kənɛkˈtɪvɪti ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər səˈfɪʃənt tɪ mit ɑr ˈsɛnʧəri ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl needs,”*,” ˈrɑkəˌfɛlər sɛd.

the white house on wednesday called a $4-6 billion proposal to expand high-speed internet access to 99 percent of schools a “no-brainer,” but said the idea ultimately requires approval by the independent federal communications commission. speaking in response to a question in martha's vineyard, where president obama is vacationing, white house spokesman josh earnest said the program is part of the agenda of expanding economic opportunity that has been the focus of presidential trips and speeches this summer. “a quality education is a key component of that,” he said. “so with a relatively modest investment, we could connect 99 percent of schools all across the country to the internet, and that would expand educational opportunities for students in a really important way.” the proposal, which was the subject of a washington post story on wednesday, is called connected and was first unveiled in june by obama. the president and his aides regard the idea as potentially one of the most transformative proposals of his presidency, and they say they are relying on the fcc to implement it in part because congress is unlikely to act on its own. “we have seen a little dysfunction in congress. you would think that connecting schools to the information superhighway would be a pretty non-controversial topic,” earnest said. “unfortunately, we haven't seen a lot of action in congress, so the president has advocated an administrative, unilateral action to get this done.” still, the spokesman acknowledged that although the administration is pushing on its own to expand broadband, it does in the end rely on the fcc to carry out the initiative. the commission has the power to raise fees on cellphones and other telecom services to fund connectivity for schools and libraries, known as the e-rate program. “the fcc is an independent body, and they'll have to make their own determination about whether or not they want to update the e-rate program,” earnest said. he said doing so would probably impose a cost of $5 or less a year on cellphone owners. the fcc, he said, needs "to make a decision about whether or not they want to update this program so that they can wire schools to the internet. again, the president thinks that's a no-brainer." sen. jay rockefeller (d-w.va.), who helped create the e-rate program in the 1990s and today is the chairman of the senate commerce committee, said in a statement wednesday that the e-rate program has been enormously beneficial and that he hopes the fcc moves forward on connected. “e-rate has successfully transformed the way we educate students and it has enabled schools and libraries across this country to participate in the information society,” rockefeller said. "an expanded e-rate program can make an even bigger impact and bring high-speed connectivity to all schools and libraries.” some republicans and republican-leaning fcc officials have warned that they would oppose any new policy that raises fees on consumers, saying there is too much inefficiency in the program today. but rockefeller, who held a hearing on the connected proposal, praised obama for pursuing the idea and said he would work to see it through. “i’m glad to have such a strong advocate in the president who understands that basic internet connectivity is no longer sufficient to meet our 21st century educational needs,” rockefeller said.

airbnb* ənd hæv əˈgrid tɪ ˈrɛʤɪstər ɔl hoʊsts ˈlɪstɪd ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈəndər ə ˈsɛtəlmənt əˈgrimənt riʧt ˈmənˌdeɪ ɪn ðə ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt keɪs əˈgɛnst ðə ˈsɪti, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ə ˈvɪktəri fər ˈkrɪtɪks əv ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈrɛntəlz. ðə əˈgrimənt wɪl kriˈeɪt ə ˈstrimˌlaɪnd ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs fər hoʊsts tɪ saɪn əp wɪθ ˈkəmpəˌniz laɪk ənd hænd ˈoʊvər ðɛr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ æt ðə seɪm taɪm, dɪˈskərɪʤɪŋ ˈlænˌdlɔrdz frəm ˌɪmˈpæktɪŋ ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ stɑk baɪ ˈflaʊtɪŋ ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈrɛntəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. si rɪˈleɪtɪd: meɪər ˈprɑməst ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ˈwərkɪŋ grup ˈnɛvər sɛt əp həz bɪn ˈwaɪdli bleɪmd fər kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈkraɪsəs ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ æt ə taɪm wɪn rɛnts hæv kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ˈskaɪˌrɑkət ənd ˈfæməliz hæv bɪn dɪˈspleɪst frəm ðə ˈsɪti. rulz ər ˈmɑdəst, ˈkɑmən sɛns ənd fair,”*,” ˈsɪti əˈtərni ˈdɛnɪs hərˈɛrə toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz æt ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns ˈmənˌdeɪ. dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ straɪk ə ˈbæləns. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, wət wi hæv sin ɪz ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ər nɑt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə law.”*.” ðɛr ər mɔr ðən ˈlɪstɪŋz ɔn ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ənd ʤɪst ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈrɛntəl hoʊsts ɪn ðə ˈsɪti əˈkrɔs ɔl ˈlɪstɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrmz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ hərˈɛrə. ðə əˈgrimənt stɛmz frəm ə ˈlɔˌsut faɪld ɪn ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt læst ʤun ˈæftər ðə bɔrd əv ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz pæst ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈlaɪəbəl fər ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈpoʊstɪŋz frəm ənˈrɛʤɪstərd hoʊsts. ðiz ˈkəmpəˌniz feɪl tɪ pəˈlis ðə ˈlɪstɪŋz ɔn ðɛr ˈplætˌfɔrm, ðeɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz wɪl bi dɪˈrɛkli ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli ˈlaɪəbəl fər ðɛr ˈfeɪljər ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðɛr hosts,”*,” hərˈɛrə sɛd. ðə əˈgrimənt ɪz mɛnt tɪ gɪv tiθ tɪ sæn ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈɛfərts waɪl ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ trænˈspɛrənsi. ˈkəmpəˌniz laɪk wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi rikˈwaɪərd tɪ gɪv ðə ˈsɪti ˈmənθli lɪsts əv hoʊst ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ hoʊsts frəm ˈgeɪmɪŋ ðə system”*” ənd dɪʧ ənˈrɛʤɪstərd hoʊsts, hərˈɛrə sɛd. ɔl hoʊsts wɪl hæv tɪ juz ə ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈnəmbər. əˈgrimənt pʊts ɪn pleɪs ðə ˈsɪstəmz ənd tulz ˈnidɪd tɪ hɛlp ɪnˈʃʊr ɑr kəmˈjunɪti ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ ʃɛr ðɛr homes,”*,” ridz ə ˈsteɪtmənt frəm, wɪʧ ɪz ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərd ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ. ðə bɔrd əv ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz fərst bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈrɛntəlz ɪn 2014 rikˈwaɪərɪŋ hoʊsts tɪ ˈrɛʤɪstər wɪθ ðə ˈsɪti ənd rɛnt aʊt ðɛr ˈjunɪts fər əp tɪ 90 deɪz ə jɪr ɪf ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈprɛzənt. ðə lɔ wɑz ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ɛz biɪŋ ˌənɛnˈfɔrsəbəl. ðə lɔz wər wɛl ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənd, ɪt dɪd ˌɪnˈklud ə ˈrɪli ˈoʊnərəs ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈsɪstəm wɪʧ meɪd ɪt ˈrɪli hɑrd ənd ˈʧælənʤɪŋ fər hoʊsts tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ comply,”*,” krɪs ləˈheɪn, ə ˈspoʊkspərsən fər, toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz ɪn ə ˈkɑnfərəns kɔl ˈmənˌdeɪ. ən əˈmɛndmənt tɪ ðə ˈɔrdənəns ɪn ʤun 2016 frəm ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmpoʊz ˈædɪd faɪnz əv əp tɪ ə deɪ fər iʧ ənˈrɛʤɪstərd hoʊst, ˈprɑmptɪŋ ðə ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈrɛntəl ˈkəmpəˌniz tɪ su sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ. ðə əˈgrimənt ˈmənˌdeɪ dɪsˈmɪsɪz ðə ˈligəl ˈʧælənʤ faɪld baɪ ənd əˈgɛnst sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ɪn juz. ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt. ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə ˈsɪti dɪˈfaɪd ˈfɛdərəl lɔ prəˈtɛktɪŋ ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈfridəmz baɪ ˈlɛviɪŋ faɪnz. gɑd fər ðə [kɔrt] ˈsɪstəm wɪʧ prəˈtɛktɪd nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ stɑk ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ bət ðə ˈpipəl ðət ər biɪŋ kɪkt aʊt əv ðɪs ˈsɪti ɪn ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz laɪk ðə mission,”*,” ˈkæmpoʊz sɛd æt ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈkæmpoʊz ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld ɔn ðə bɔrd əv ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz ənd meɪər ɛd li tɪ bust ˈrisɔrsɪz fər ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈrɛntəlz, wɪʧ wɪl bi ʧɑrʤd wɪθ fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ ðə nu ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈsɪstəm. bɪˈliv ə ˈstrimˌlaɪnd ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs ʃʊd bi əˈveɪləbəl fər ɑr hoʊsts ənd si ðɪs əˈgrimənt ɛz prəˈvaɪdɪŋ that,”*,” ləˈheɪn sɛd, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ðɛr ər ˈsɪmələr ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈsɪstəmz ɪn ˈsɪtiz laɪk ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ənd nu ˌɔˈrlinz. ʃɛr ˈbɛtər dəg kɔld ɔn ˈəðər ˈsɪtiz tɪ hoʊld əˈkaʊntəbəl fər ˈlɪstɪŋ ənˈlɔfəl hoʊsts. ðə grup pleɪst ə ˈmɛʒər ɔn ðə noʊˈvɛmbər 2015 ˈbælət tɪ ˈstrɛŋθən riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn, bət ɪt feɪld. ˈkæpətəlɪsts, ˈpraɪvət ˈɛkwəti fəndz ənd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ʃʊd bi ˈhævɪŋ ˈsɛkənd θɔts əˈbaʊt ən ˈɛnərˌpraɪz wɪθ ə ˈbɪznɪs ˈmɑdəl ðət ˌɪgˈnɔrz ˈloʊkəl lɔz, dɪˈpraɪvz ˈwərkɪŋ ˈfæməliz əv ˈnidɪd ˈhaʊzɪŋ, ənd dɪsˈrəpts ðə lɪvz əv ˈtɛnənts, ˈprɑpərti ˈoʊnərz ənd neighbors,”*,” sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. klɪk hir ər skroʊl daʊn tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt

airbnb and homeaway have agreed to register all hosts listed in san francisco under a settlement agreement reached monday in the federal court case against the city, representing a victory for critics of short-term rentals. the agreement will create a streamlined registration process for hosts to sign up with companies like airbnb and hand over their information to san francisco at the same time, discouraging scofflaw landlords from impacting the city’s housing stock by flouting short-term rental requirements. see related: mayor lee’s promised airbnb regulation working group never set up airbnb has been widely blamed for contributing to the housing crisis in san francisco at a time when rents have continued to skyrocket and families have been displaced from the city. “our rules are modest, common sense and fair,” city attorney dennis herrera told reporters at a news conference monday. “they’re designed to strike a balance. unfortunately, what we have seen is many people are not following the law.” there are more than 8,000 listings on airbnb in san francisco and just 2,100 registered short-term rental hosts in the city across all listing platforms, according to herrera. the agreement stems from a lawsuit airbnb filed in federal court last june after the board of supervisors passed regulations holding airbnb liable for online postings from unregistered hosts. “if these companies fail to police the listings on their platform, they themselves will be directly and financially liable for their failure in addition to their hosts,” herrera said. the agreement is meant to give teeth to san francisco’s enforcement efforts while increasing transparency. companies like airbnb will also be required to give the city monthly lists of host information to “prevent hosts from gaming the system” and ditch unregistered hosts, herrera said. all hosts will have to use a registration number. “this agreement puts in place the systems and tools needed to help ensure our community is able to continue to share their homes,” reads a statement from airbnb, which is headquartered in san francisco. the board of supervisors first began to regulate short-term rentals in 2014, requiring hosts to register with the city and rent out their units for up to 90 days a year if they are not present. the law was criticized as being unenforceable. “while the city’s laws were well intentioned, it did include a really onerous registration system which made it really hard and challenging for hosts to be able to comply,” chris lehane, a spokesperson for airbnb, told reporters in a conference call monday. an amendment to the ordinance in june 2016 from then-supervisor david campos added fines of up to $1,000 a day for each unregistered host, prompting the short-term rental companies to sue san francisco. the agreement monday dismisses the legal challenge filed by airbnb and homeaway against san francisco in u.s. district court. the companies argued that the city defied federal law protecting internet freedoms by levying fines. “thank god for the [court] system which protected not only the housing stock in san francisco but the people that are being kicked out of this city in neighborhoods like the mission,” campos said at a news conference monday. campos also called on the board of supervisors and mayor ed lee to boost resources for the office of short-term rentals, which will be charged with facilitating the new registration system. “we believe a streamlined registration process should be available for our hosts and see this agreement as providing that,” lehane said, noting that there are similar registration systems in cities like chicago and new orleans. share better sf co-founder doug engmann called on other cities to hold airbnb accountable for listing unlawful hosts. the group placed a measure on the november 2015 ballot to strengthen restrictions on airbnb, but it failed. “venture capitalists, private equity funds and institutional investors should be having second thoughts about an enterprise with a business model that ignores local laws, deprives working families of needed housing, and disrupts the lives of tenants, property owners and neighbors,” engmann said in a statement. click here or scroll down to comment

ˈʤɛrəˌmi ˈɑksli ˈfrəntɪd kəlt rɑk bænd ənˈtɪl hɪz ɪˈrætɪk bɪˈheɪvjər lɛd tɪ ɪts dɪˈmaɪz. ˈæftər jɪrz əv ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ˌskɪtsəˈfriniə hi mɛt ðə ləv əv hɪz laɪf, ˈmɛri ˈgrɪfɪθs, hu seɪvd ɪm frəm ə laɪf əv dɪˈstrəkʃən. təˈgɛðər, ˈʤɛrəˌmi ənd ˈmɛri ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðə paʊər əv ləv ənd haʊ səˈpɔrt kən lɪvz. lɪn ˈmælkəm ənd oʊˈlɪviə ˈwɪlɪs rɪˈpɔrt. groʊɪŋ əp ɔn ðə ˈbiʧɪz əv ˈnɔrðərn nu saʊθ weɪlz, ˈʤɛrəˌmi ˈɑksli ənd hɪz ˈbrəðər pit wər ˈtæləntɪd kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈsərfərz. bət baɪ ðɛr leɪt tinz, ɪt wɑz rɑk ‘‘n’*’ roʊl ðət tʊk hoʊld, ənd ðə bɔɪz lɛpt ˈɪntu ðə ˈmeɪlstrəm ðət wɑz ðə mˈjuzɪk ˈsərkət ɛz ˈmɛmbərz əv bænd. ðɛr taɪm ɪn ðə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt wɑz kət ʃɔrt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪn ˈʤɛrəˌmi wɑz ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ ˌskɪtsəˈfriniə æt 22 aɪ faʊnd ðət aɪ wɑz ˈkɛriɪŋ ðə weɪt əv ðə wərld əraʊnd ɔn maɪ ˈʃoʊldərz ənd ˈæftər ə waɪl ɪt ʤɪst bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈbərdən, ə greɪt bɪg ˈbərdən. ˈʤɛrəˌmi ˈɑksli 'aɪ ˈwəzənt ɛz ˈhæpi ɛz aɪ ʃʊd hæv bɪn. aɪ ʤɪst fɛlt ə ˈlɪtəl ˈægrəˌveɪtɪd moʊst əv ðə taɪm,' sɪz ˈʤɛrəˌmi. 'aɪ faʊnd ðət aɪ wɑz ˈkɛriɪŋ ðə weɪt əv ðə wərld əraʊnd ɔn maɪ ˈʃoʊldərz ənd ˈæftər ə waɪl ɪt ʤɪst bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈbərdən, ə greɪt bɪg ˈbərdən.' ðɛr ˈmænɪʤər, ˈmaɪkəl chugg*, ɪnˈkərəʤd ˈʤɛrəˌmi tɪ si ə saɪˈkɑləʤəst. 'ˈæftər aɪ wɛnt tɪ ðə saɪˈkɑləʤəst, hi sɛd aɪ ʃʊd goʊ ənd si ə səˈkaɪətrəst. ənd ɛz sun ɛz aɪ wɛnt tɪ si ə səˈkaɪətrəst, ɪt wɑz ˈoʊvər. ðeɪ ʤɪst græbd mi ənd toʊld mi aɪ wɑz ˌʃɪzəˈfrɛnɪk ənd ðət aɪ wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ɔn ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən fər ðə rɛst əv maɪ laɪf,' sɪz ˈʤɛrəˌmi. ðə bænd splɪt əp ənd ˈʤɛrəˌmi sɛt aʊt ɔn ə pæθ əv ˈsɛlfdɪˈstrəkts. 'ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈtərnɪŋ bæk wəns aɪ sɔ ə səˈkaɪətrəst, aɪ tɛl ju. aɪ wɑz ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈmɑdəl əv ə ˌʃɪzəˈfrɛnɪk, ˈrɪli.' ˈʤɛrəˌmi spɛnt jɪrz ɪn ənd aʊt əv ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˌbiˈfɔr ˈteɪkɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ɔf prəˈskrɪpʃən drəgz ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd wɪθ ˈælkəˌhɑl. 'aɪ θɔt ɪt wɑz ʤɪst ə loʊd əv ˈrəbɪʃ. aɪ laɪk səˈkaɪətrəsts ˈɛniˌweɪ ənd aɪ θɪŋk ðeɪ ruɪn ə lɔt əv lɪvz, ənd aɪ θɪŋk ðeɪ ˈpipəl tu ˈizəli,' sɪz ˈʤɛrəˌmi. hi bɪˈgæn ˈhirɪŋ ˈvɔɪsɪz ɪn 1995 ənd bɪˈkeɪm ə rɪˈklus, ˈbreɪkɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm hɪz ˈfæməli, frɛndz ənd mˈjuzɪk. ɪn 2008 ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ʧeɪnʤd. tu jəŋ bɔɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ faɪnd ðɛr məm ə ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd ˈspɑtɪd ˈʤɛrəˌmi ɪn ə ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn mˈjuzɪk ˈvɪdioʊ. 'ðeɪ pɪkt ˈʤɛrəˌmi aʊt əv ə fɪlm klɪp bɪˈkəz hi hæd ˈbjutəfəl aɪz, hi hæd ə ˈrɪli kaɪnd ənd ˈʤɛnəl feɪs. ɪt ˈstɑrtɪd ɔf ɛz ʤɪst ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ əmˈjuz ðɛm, ðeɪ wɛnt ənd lʊkt ɪm əp ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt,' sɪz ˈmɛri oxley-griffiths*. ˈmɛri, naʊ waɪf, hæd ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈsædnəs ənd mɪsˈfɔrʧən ɪn hər laɪf. hər fərst ˈhəzbənd hæd pæst əˈweɪ ˈsədənli frəm ə breɪn tumour*, ˈlivɪŋ hər tɪ reɪz ðɛr jəŋ twɪnz, ˈlæklən ənd ˈkirən, əˈloʊn. 'ˈæftər ˈfɪnɪʃt, aɪ wɛnt tɪ tərn ðə kəmˈpjutər ɔf ənd hæd ə bɪt əv ə lʊk æt wət ðeɪ wər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt, ənd ðɛr wɑz ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈæftər ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn ˈʤɛrəˌmi. ðə fərst θɪŋ ɪt ˈfiʧərd wɑz ðət hi wɑz ənˈdaʊtɪdli ˈvɛri ˈtæləntɪd mˈjuzɪkli, bət ðə ˈəðər θɪŋ ðət keɪm əp ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈɑrtɪkəl aɪ rɛd wɑz "ðə ɛs wərd".' ˈmɛri wɑz ʃɑkt æt ˈsædənd tɪ lərn ðət ðə ɔˈstreɪljən mˈjuzɪk ˈaɪkɑn ʃi hæd wəns ədˈmaɪərd wɑz ˈpraɪvətli ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəs. 'aɪ θɔt, "oʊ maɪ gɑd, ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈfɛloʊ ðət aɪ idolised*." hi ðə ɔˈstreɪljən meɪl, ðə weɪ əv laɪf, ðə ˈsərfɪŋ ənd ðə gʊd taɪmz. ju noʊ, hi wɑz jəŋ ənd gʊd ˈlʊkɪŋ ənd ˌɛnərˈʤɛtɪk. aɪ θɔt ðət ˈrɛdɪŋ əˈbaʊt haʊ hi hæd səˈkəmd tɪ hɪz ˈɪlnəs wɑz ʤɪst ˈrɪli ˈtræʤɪk.' ɛz ə nərs, ˈmɛri bɪˈkeɪm ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪd baɪ ˈstɔri, ənd wɑz kəmˈpɛld tɪ træk ɪm daʊn. 'aɪ keɪm əˈkrɔs ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ðət sɛd ðɛr wɑz ə səˈpɔrt grup ənd hi wɑz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈnɔrðərn nu saʊθ weɪlz, wɪʧ ɪz ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt ən aʊər ənd hæf əˈweɪ ənd aɪ θɔt, "aɪ ˈwəndər ɪf ðɛrz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət wi kʊd du tɪ hɛlp."' ˈæftər ə fju mənθs əv ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ iˈmeɪlz, ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ˈpipəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn ənd kəˈnɛktɪŋ wɪθ ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə səˈpɔrt grup, ˈmɛri wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ˈæˌdrɛs ənd foʊn ˈnəmbər ənd ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus hərˈsɛlf. 'wɛl, ðə fərst ˈmitɪŋ, ɪt wɑz ˈvɛri aʊt əv ˈkɛrɪktər fər mi tɪ du səʧ ə θɪŋ. ðə bɔɪz ənd aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd wi wʊd goʊ daʊn ənd ˈmeɪbi hæv ə ˈkəpəl əv deɪz æt ðə biʧ wɛr hi wɑz ˈlɪvɪŋ,' sɪz ˈmɛri. wɪn ðeɪ əraɪvd, ˈʤɛrəˌmi ˈwɛlkəmd ˈmɛri ənd hər sənz ˈɪntu hɪz hoʊm wɪθ ˈoʊpənəs ənd ˈɑnəsti. 'ɪt ɔl ˈstɑrtɪd frəm ðɛr, hi ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ˈjuˈɛs ɪn, ənd wi ʤɪst ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ tɔk. ənd ˈstreɪtəˌweɪ ðɛr wɑz, aɪ səˈpoʊz, ə ˈfrɛndli kəˈnɛkʃən, ðə bɔɪz wər ˈrɪli ɪkˈsaɪtɪd ənd ðeɪ broʊk ðə aɪs fər ˈjuˈɛs,' sɪz ˈmɛri. ðə mɔr ðeɪ tɔkt, ðə mɔr ˈmɛri kʊd si ðət ˈʤɛrəˌmi wɑz 'ˈvɛri ənˈwɛl', ənd duɪŋ hɪz bɛst tɪ əˈpɪr 'ˈnɔrməl' ɪn frənt əv ðə bɔɪz. 'aɪ gɪt ðə sɛns ðət hi wɑz ˈdeɪnʤərəs ər ˈskɛri ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ laɪk ðət, aɪ θɔt hi wɑz mɔr ˈvəlnərəbəl ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ,' sɪz ˈmɛri. 'aɪ kʊd si ðə weɪ ðət hi wɑz kwaɪt skɛrd tɪ goʊ ənd du ə lɔt əv θɪŋz, ˈivɪn tɪ goʊ əˈkrɔs ðə roʊd tɪ gɪt səm θɪŋz frəm ðə ʃɑp, ənd aɪ θɔt ðət wɑz səʧ ə ʃeɪm, səʧ ə ˈtɛrəbəl weɪ tɪ hæv tɪ lɪv jʊr laɪf.' frəm ðət fərst ɪnˈkaʊnər, ˈmɛri sɪz ðə pɛr hæd ə kəˈnɛkʃən ðət əˈlaʊd ðɛm tɪ tɔk ˈfrili wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər, ənd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp keɪm əˈbaʊt 'ˈrɪli ˈnæʧərəli'. 'aɪ ˈoʊpənd maɪ maɪnd ənd aɪ θɔt, wɛl, ə ˈwɪmən hu wɔnts tɪ mit mi ənd gɑt tu sənz ənd ðeɪ nid ə ˈfɑðər ˈfɪgjər ə gʊd gərl. aɪ ˈrɪli ɪt,' sɪz ˈʤɛrəˌmi. ðə tu wər frɛndz fər ə lɔŋ taɪm ˌbiˈfɔr bɪˈkəmɪŋ roʊˈmæntɪkəli ˈmɛni trɪps bæk ənd fɔrθ, ˈʤɛrəˌmi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd hid laɪk tɪ kəm ənd si wɛr ˈmɛri ənd ðə bɔɪz lɪvd. 'wɪn hi keɪm əp, hi pækt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əp ɪn hɪz ˈjunɪt ənd aɪ wɑz kwaɪt səˈpraɪzd. hi leɪd ɔl hɪz θɪŋz aʊt frəm hɪz pleɪs ˈɪntu maɪ pleɪs, laɪk ɪt wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi hoʊm,' sɪz ˈmɛri. 'bət ðɛn aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd hi du θɪŋz wɪθ ən əˈʤɛndə, hi əˈsum ðət ðɪs wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə fərˈɛvər θɪŋ, hi ʤɪst dɪd ðət bɪˈkəz hi ˈnidɪd tɪ bi ˈkəmfərtəbəl wɛr hi wɑz ˈlɪvɪŋ, ɪn ə hoʊm ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt.' ɛz ðeɪ ˈsɛtəld ˈɪntu ðɛr nu ˈlɪvɪŋ ərˈeɪnʤmənt, ˈʤɛrəˌmi ənd ˈmɛri boʊθ ˈriəˌlaɪzd haʊ wɛl ðeɪ gɑt əˈlɔŋ. 'hi ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈrɪli ˈnɛvər wɛnt hoʊm ˈæftər ðət fərst ˈvɪzɪt.' əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈʤɛrəˌmi, hi θɔt hi wʊd hæv bɪn 'mæd' ɪf hi gɪt təˈgɛðər wɪθ ˈmɛri. 'aɪ θɔt ɪf ˈɛnibədi kən hɛlp, ʃi kən hɛlp mi. aɪ min, ˌskɪtsəˈfriniə ɪz ə ˈtɛrəbəl ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsəs,' hi sɪz. ˈmɛri ˈriˌkɔlz ˈʤɛrəˌmi biɪŋ 'kwaɪt ənˈwɛl' ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ˈɔfən wɪθ baʊts əv ˈhɛvi ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ. 'ɪt wɑz ə bɪt əv ə ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz tɪ stɑrt wɪθ, bət ɛz ɪt wɛnt əˈlɔŋ wi dɪˈvɛləpt mɔr rulz, ənd hi hæd tɪ kət daʊn hɪz ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ, wɪʧ hi dɪd,' sɪz ˈmɛri. 'æt ðə seɪm taɪm, θru ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ˈjunɪt, wi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈmɛdɪˌkeɪtɪŋ ɪm wɪθ səm ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən. bɪtˈwin ˈkətɪŋ daʊn ðə ˈælkəˌhɑl ənd ˈteɪkɪŋ əp ðə ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən, wi sɔ ə juʤ ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ˈvɛri drəˈmætɪkəli.' rɛd mɔr: nu kluz fər ˌskɪtsəˈfriniə ˈkɔzɪz ənd kjʊrz ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈtritɪŋ hɪz ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ, ˈmɛri ˈfoʊkɪst hər ˈɛnərʤi ɔn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈʤɛrəˌmi tɪ rɪˈgeɪn hɪz ˈfɪzɪkəl ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ, wɪʧ hæd sˈloʊli dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪtɪd wɪθ hɪz ˈɪlnəs. 'hi wɑz nɑt ɪn fænˈtæstɪk ˈfɪzɪkəl ʃeɪp, soʊ wi ˈrɪli hæd tɪ stɑrt frəm skræʧ ənd gɪt ɪm wɛl ɔl raʊnd ə keɪs əv ˈkoʊʧɪŋ ɪm əˈlɔŋ wɪθ hɪz ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl ˈʧɔɪsɪz,' ʃi sɪz. fər ˈʤɛrəˌmi, ðɪs mɛnt ˈmænəʤɪŋ hɪz ˌdaɪəˈbitiz wɪθ ˈspɛʃəlɪst əˈpɔɪntmənts, ˈdeɪli bləd ˈʃʊgər ˈmɛʒərmənts ənd ˈrɛgjələr ˈɪnsələn ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃənz. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ mɛnt ə ˈhɛlθiər daɪət. 'ðɛrz nɑt ˈrɪli ˈɛni ˈrizən tɪ trit wən ˈpərsən wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ ðə hoʊl ˈfæməli ɪn ə ˈhɛlθi ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl, soʊ ʤɪst ðə weɪ wi lɪv naʊ. wi ɔl teɪk kɛr əv iʧ ˈəðər ənd meɪk ʃʊr ðət wi ər ɔl duɪŋ ðə raɪt θɪŋz ənd əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ðə θɪŋz ðət wi bi ˈitɪŋ ər duɪŋ,' sɪz ˈmɛri. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ˌskɪtsəˈfriniə ənd ˈhævɪŋ jəŋ ˈʧɪldrən, ˈmɛri ənd ˈʤɛrəˌmi əˈgri ðət ðə bɔɪz hæv ˈhændəld ɪt ˈvɛri wɛl. 'ˈʤɛrəˌmi wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈrɪli ˈkɛrfəl tɪ ˈrɪli traɪ ənd kənˈtroʊl hɪmˈsɛlf wɪn hi wɑz əraʊnd ðɛm, soʊ ðeɪ ˈnɛvər sɔ ˈɛni bæd bɪˈheɪvjər,' sɪz ˈmɛri. 'wɪn ðə bɔɪz wər əraʊnd ənd hi hæd ə bɪt əv ən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd, ðeɪ ˈpænɪk, ðeɪ ʤɪst ækˈsɛptɪd ðət wɑz wət hi hæd tɪ du bɪˈkəz əv hɪz ˈɪlnəs. wi ˈnɛvər meɪd ə bɪg fəs əˈbaʊt ɪt. 'soʊ fər ðə bɔɪz ɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət wɑz trɔˈmætɪk fər ðɛm, ɪt wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ðeɪ dɪd əˈmeɪzɪŋli wɛl, ənd ðeɪ hæd ðɪs fænˈtæstɪk ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti təˈwɔrdz ɪm.' təˈdeɪ, ˈʤɛrəˌmi ɪz bæk pleɪɪŋ wɪθ. 'ðə bɔɪz ˌɪnˈstɪŋktɪvˌli fɛlt ðət ðeɪ wər ˈrɛdi tɪ pleɪ səm rɑk 'ɛn' roʊl əˈgɛn, ənd soʊ ðeɪ keɪm ənd nɑkt ɔn maɪ dɔr,' sɪz ˈʤɛrəˌmi. 'aɪ fɛlt gʊd. aɪ fɛlt gʊd wɪθ maɪ laɪf, aɪ fɛlt gʊd wɪθ ˈmɛri, ənd aɪ fɛlt gʊd ˌriuˈnaɪtɪŋ wɪθ ˈpitər.' əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmɛri, ˈʤɛrəˌmi həz ə nu lis ɔn laɪf. 'hiz bæk pleɪɪŋ mˈjuzɪk, gɑt ə bʊk aʊt, ənd wiv bɪn ˈpeɪnɪŋ, bɪn duɪŋ ɔl sɔrts əv θɪŋz, soʊ ʤɪst bɪn ˈwəndərfəl fər ɑr ˌkrieɪˈtɪvəti, ɛz wɛl ɛz fər ɑr ˈpərsɪnəl lɪvz.' fər ˈʤɛrəˌmi, ˈmɛri 'ˈænsərd [hɪz] ˈkɔlɪŋ'. ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn maɪ laɪf ðən ˈmɛri, ənd wi ʤɪst goʊ əˈbaʊt θɪŋz wən stɛp æt ə taɪm,' hi sɪz. fər hər pɑrt, ˈmɛri bɪˈlivz ðə ˈstɪgmə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˌskɪtsəˈfriniə ɪz 'ˈɔfəl'. 'ɪt dɪz ruɪn lɪvz, ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ənd ɪt meɪks ˈpipəl fil ˈvɛri ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti. bɪn duɪŋ ə lɔt əv wərk ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz tɪ traɪ ənd ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəs, ənd bɪn duɪŋ ə lɔt əv wərk wɪθ ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ rɪˈfɔrm.' ˈʤɛrəˌmi ˈlɔŋgər hirz ˈvɔɪsɪz bət sɪz hi stɪl ˈbætəlz hɪz ˌpərsəˈnælɪti. 'aɪ θɪŋk aɪv əˈnaɪəˌleɪtɪd ɔl ðə ˈsɪmptəmz əv ˌskɪtsəˈfriniə ˈoʊvər ðə læst fju jɪrz. aɪ wɛnt θru ˈdɪfərənt pæθs tɪ kəm tɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt. ə ˌkəlməˈneɪʃən əv ˈθɛrəpiz ðət ˈʧoʊzən. wɪpt ɑrs, soʊ tɪ spik,' sɪz ˈʤɛrəˌmi. 'wɪr ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈləki tɪ hæv faʊnd iʧ ˈəðər ənd tɪ hæv hæd ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ɪnˈrɪʧ iʧ lɪvz,' sɪz ˈmɛri. ləv, rɑk 'ɛn' roʊl, ənd ðə 'ɛs' wərd ˈsənˌdi 12 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2015 ˈlɪsən tɪ ɔl ɪn ðə maɪnd tɪ hir ðə fʊl ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈfɔrmər ˈʤɛrəˌmi ˈɑksli ənd hɪz ˈpɑrtnər ˈmɛri ˈgrɪfɪθs. mɔr ðɪs [ˈsɪriz ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ˌsɛgˈmɛnt] həz ənd ˈtrænˌskrɪpt ən ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən əv ɔl θɪŋz ˈmɛntəl, ɔl ɪn ðə maɪnd ɪz əˈbaʊt ðə breɪn ənd bɪˈheɪvjər, ənd ðə ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ kəˈnɛkʃənz bɪtˈwin ðɛm.

jeremy oxley fronted cult '80s rock band sunnyboys until his erratic behaviour led to its demise. after years of living with schizophrenia he met the love of his life, mary griffiths, who saved him from a life of destruction. together, jeremy and mary demonstrate the power of love and how one-to-one support can stabilise lives. lynne malcolm and olivia willis report. growing up on the beaches of northern new south wales, jeremy oxley and his brother pete were talented competitive surfers. but by their late teens, it was rock ‘n’ roll that took hold, and the boys leapt into the maelstrom that was the inner-sydney music circuit as members of pop-rock band sunnyboys. their time in the spotlight was cut short, however, when jeremy was diagnosed with schizophrenia at 22. i found that i was carrying the weight of the world around on my shoulders ... and after a while it just became a burden, a great big burden. jeremy oxley 'i wasn't as happy as i should have been. i just felt a little aggravated most of the time,' says jeremy. 'i found that i was carrying the weight of the world around on my shoulders ... and after a while it just became a burden, a great big burden.' their manager, michael chugg, encouraged jeremy to see a psychologist. 'after i went to the psychologist, he said i should go and see a psychiatrist. and as soon as i went to see a psychiatrist, it was over. they just grabbed me and told me i was schizophrenic and that i was going to be on medication for the rest of my life,' says jeremy. the band split up and jeremy set out on a path of self-destruction. 'there was no turning back once i saw a psychiatrist, i tell you. i was a perfect model of a schizophrenic, really.' jeremy spent years in and out of hospital before taking himself off prescription drugs and instead self-medicating with alcohol. 'i thought it was just a load of rubbish. i don’t like psychiatrists anyway and i think they ruin a lot of people’s lives, and i think they categorise people too easily,' says jeremy. he began hearing voices in 1995 and became a recluse, breaking away from his family, friends and music. in 2008 everything changed. two young boys trying to find their mum a boyfriend spotted jeremy in a countdown music video. 'they picked jeremy out of a film clip because he had beautiful eyes, he had a really kind and gentle face. it started off as just something to amuse them, they went and looked him up on the internet,' says mary oxley-griffiths. mary, now jeremy’s wife, had also experienced sadness and misfortune in her life. her first husband had passed away suddenly from a brain tumour, leaving her to raise their young twins, lachlan and kieran, alone. 'after they’d finished, i went to turn the computer off and had a bit of a look at what they were looking at, and there was article after article on jeremy. the first thing it featured was that he was undoubtedly very talented musically, but the other thing that came up in every article i read was "the s word".' mary was shocked at saddened to learn that the australian music icon she had once admired was privately facing mental illness. 'i thought, "oh my god, this is the fellow that i idolised." he epitomised the australian male, the way of life, the surfing and the good times. you know, he was young and good looking and energetic. i thought that reading about how he had succumbed to his illness was just really tragic.' as a nurse, mary became fascinated by jeremy’s story, and was compelled to track him down. 'i came across an article that said there was a support group and he was living in northern new south wales, which is only about an hour and half away and i thought, "i wonder if there's anything that we could do to help."' after a few months of exchanging emails, talking to people online and connecting with other members of the support group, mary was given jeremy’s address and phone number and encouraged to introduce herself. 'well, the first meeting, it was very out of character for me to do such a thing. the boys and i decided we would go down and maybe have a couple of days at the beach where he was living,' says mary. when they arrived, jeremy welcomed mary and her sons into his home with openness and honesty. 'it all started from there, he invited us in, and we just started to talk. and straightaway there was, i suppose, a friendly connection, the boys were really excited and they broke the ice for us,' says mary. the more they talked, the more mary could see that jeremy was 'very unwell', and doing his best to appear 'normal' in front of the boys. 'i didn’t get the sense that he was dangerous or scary or anything like that, i thought he was more vulnerable than anything,' says mary. 'i could see the way that he was quite scared to go and do a lot of things, even to go across the road to get some things from the shop, and i thought that was such a shame, such a terrible way to have to live your life.' from that first encounter, mary says the pair had a connection that allowed them to talk freely with each other, and as a result their relationship came about 'really naturally'. 'i opened my mind and i thought, well, here’s a women who wants to meet me and she’s got two sons and they need a father figure ... she’s a good girl. i didn’t really analyse it,' says jeremy. the two were friends for a long time before becoming romantically involved—after many trips back and forth, jeremy decided he'd like to come and see where mary and the boys lived. 'when he came up, he packed everything up in his unit and i was quite surprised. he laid all his things out from his place into my place, like it was going to be home,' says mary. 'but then i realised he didn’t do things with an agenda, he didn’t assume that this was going to be a forever thing, he just did that because he needed to be comfortable where he was living, in a home environment.' as they settled into their new living arrangement, jeremy and mary both realised how well they got along. 'he actually really never went home after that first visit.' according to jeremy, he thought he would have been 'mad' if he didn’t get together with mary. 'i thought if anybody can help, she can help me. i mean, schizophrenia is a terrible diagnosis,' he says. mary recalls jeremy being 'quite unwell' in the early stages of their relationship, often self-medicating with bouts of heavy drinking. 'it was a bit of a compromise to start with, but as it went along we developed more rules, and he had to cut down his drinking, which he did,' says mary. 'at the same time, through the local mental health unit, we started medicating him with some antipsychotic medication. between cutting down the alcohol and taking up the medication, we saw a huge improvement very dramatically.' read more: new clues for schizophrenia causes and cures in addition to treating his mental health, mary focused her energy on supporting jeremy to regain his physical wellbeing, which had slowly deteriorated with his illness. 'he was not in fantastic physical shape, so we really had to start from scratch and get him well all round ... it’s a case of coaching him along with his lifestyle choices,' she says. for jeremy, this meant managing his diabetes with specialist appointments, daily blood sugar measurements and regular insulin injections. it also meant a healthier diet. 'there's not really any reason to treat one person without having the whole family in a healthy lifestyle, so that’s just the way we live now. we all take care of each other and make sure that we are all doing the right things and avoiding the things that we shouldn’t be eating or doing,' says mary. when it comes to living with schizophrenia and having young children, mary and jeremy agree that the boys have handled it very well. 'jeremy was always really careful to really try and control himself when he was around them, so they never saw any bad behaviour,' says mary. 'when the boys were around and he had a bit of an episode, they didn’t panic, they just accepted that was what he had to do because of his illness. we never made a big fuss about it. 'so for the boys it wasn’t something that was traumatic for them, it was actually something that they did amazingly well, and they had this fantastic sensitivity towards him.' today, jeremy is back playing with sunnyboys. 'the boys instinctively felt that they were ready to play some rock 'n' roll again, and so they came and knocked on my door,' says jeremy. 'i felt good. i felt good with my life, i felt good with mary, and i felt good reuniting with peter.' according to mary, jeremy has a new lease on life. 'he's back playing music, we’ve got a book out, and we've been painting, we’ve been doing all sorts of things, so it’s just been wonderful for our creativity, as well as for our personal lives.' for jeremy, mary 'answered [his] calling'. 'there’s nothing more important in my life than mary, and we just go about things one step at a time,' he says. for her part, mary believes the stigma associated with schizophrenia is 'awful'. 'it does ruin lives, unfortunately, and it makes people feel very isolated in the community. we’ve been doing a lot of work over the past couple of years to try and de-stigmatise mental illness, and we’ve been doing a lot of work with mental health reform.' jeremy longer hears voices but says he still battles his personality. 'i think i've annihilated all the symptoms of schizophrenia over the last few years. i went through different paths to come to this point. it’s a culmination of therapies that i’ve chosen. 'i’ve whipped schizophrenia’s arse, so to speak,' says jeremy. 'we're very, very lucky to have found each other and to have had the opportunity to enrich each other’s lives,' says mary. love, rock 'n' roll, and the 's' word sunday 12 july 2015 listen to all in the mind to hear the full interview with former sunnyboy jeremy oxley and his partner mary griffiths. more this [series episode segment] has and transcript an exploration of all things mental, all in the mind is about the brain and behaviour, and the fascinating connections between them.

arun* ˈjunjən ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstər ˈlɛtər rɪˈʤɛktɪŋ haɪər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl əˈsɪstəns tɪ ˈpənˌʤæb həz ˈgɪvɪn ˈæmpəl ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən tɪ ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈlidərz ɪn ðə steɪt ruld baɪ ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈprɑməsɪŋ gʊd deɪz tɪ ðə ɪˈlɛktərət ɪn ˈpənˌʤæb, ʧif ˈmɪnɪstər sɪŋ ˈbeɪdəl ənd hɪz ˈdɛpjəti sɪŋ ˈbeɪdəl hæd kleɪmd ɪn ðə ˈrisənt ðət praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈmoʊdi wʊd sɛnd "ˈtrəˌkloʊdz əv kæʃ" tɪ ðə steɪt. ɪn hɪz ˈlɛtər, nɑt ˈoʊnli ədˈvaɪzd ðə ˈpənˌʤæb ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ðə paʊər ˈsəbsɪdi bət ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðə steɪt "gɑt mɔr ðən ɪts ʃɛr əv ˈsɛntrəl əˈsɪstəns" frəm ðə ˈərstˌwaɪl ˈgəvərnmənt. "ˈsɛntrəl ˈtæksɪz əˈmaʊnɪŋ tɪ hæv bɪn dɪˈvɑlvd tɪ ðə steɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌbiˈsaɪdz ðə əˈdɪʃənəl ˈsɛntrəl əˈsɪstəns əv 887 əˈpruvd ɪn mɑrʧ 2014 ˈsɛntrəl loʊnz əˈmaʊnɪŋ tɪ wər weɪvd frəm tɪ waɪl loʊnz wərθ fər skimz ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ɛz ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 31 2010 hæd bɪn ˈrɪtən ɔf. 100 həz ɔˈrɛdi bɪn riˈlist tɪ dil wɪθ ðə ˈwɔtər ˈlɔgɪŋ ˈprɑbləm," roʊt ɪn hɪz ˈlɛtər.

arun jaitley arun jaitley union finance minister arun jaitley's letter rejecting higher financial assistance to punjab has given ample ammunition to opposition leaders in the state ruled by a sadbjp coalition government. promising good days to the electorate in punjab, chief minister parkash singh badal and his deputy sukhbir singh badal had claimed in the recent by-elections that prime minister narendra modi would send "truckloads of cash" to the state. in his letter, jaitley not only advised the punjab government to rationalise the power subsidy but also said the state "got more than its share of central assistance" from the erstwhile upa government. "central taxes amounting to rs 4,431.47 crore have been devolved to the state during 2013-14, besides the additional central assistance of rs 887 crore approved in march 2014. central loans amounting to rs 370.70 crore were waived from 2005-06 to 2007-08, while loans worth rs 35.69 crore for central-sponsored schemes outstanding as on january 31, 2010, had been written off. rs 100 crore has already been released to deal with the water logging problem," jaitley wrote in his letter.

ˈklivlənd ˈtɛnʧənz ræn haɪ æt ə ˈdɑnəld trəmp ˈræli hir ðə deɪ ˈæftər ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkænsəld ə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ əˈpɪrəns əˈmɪd ˈvaɪələnt ˈproʊˌtɛsts, bət trəmp ənd hɪz səˈpɔrtərz dɪˈskərɪʤd, ˈbleɪmɪŋ hɪz dɪˈtræktərz fər dɪˈstərbənsɪz æt hɪz ɪˈvɛnts. ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt, trəmp ˈkænsəld ə ˈræli ðət hæd ˈhənərdz əv ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ˈklæʃɪŋ wɪθ səˈpɔrtərz, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈvaɪələnt ˈskərmɪʃɪz. ɪn oʊˈhaɪoʊ ðə nɛkst deɪ, ˈθaʊzənz tərnd aʊt tɪ si trəmp æt tu ɪˈvɛnts, ənd ˈmoʊstli ðeɪ bleɪmd ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz, seɪɪŋ ðə ˈkænədɪt wɑz nɑt æt fɔlt. ˈdeɪmiən ruˈʤɪroʊ, 45 droʊv frəm təˈlidoʊ tɪ bi æt ðə ˈklivlənd ˈræli ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun. hi əˈkjuzd ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz əv dɪsˈrəptɪŋ ˈpraɪvət ɪˈvɛnts, nɑt ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪŋ ðɛr ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl raɪts. ðeɪ snik ɪn ðɛr ənd dɪsˈrəpt ɪt ənd gɪt ðɛr æs bit, ðeɪ dɪˈzərv it,”*,” ruˈʤɪroʊ toʊld realclearpolitics*. nɑt ə ˈvaɪələnt ˈpərsən, bət ðeɪ dɪˈzərv ˌwəˈtɛvər ðeɪ gɪt bɪˈkəz ðeɪ keɪm ɪn ˈəndər fɔls priˈtɛnsɪz. ðeɪ ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd. ðə ˈpipəl ðət ər ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ər səˈpɔrtərz əv his.”*.” moʊst trəmp səˈpɔrtərz hir hæd ə ˈsɪmələr ˈmɛsɪʤ: nɑt ˈoʊnli wər ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz goʊɪŋ bɪɔnd ðɛr fərst əˈmɛndmənt raɪts, ðeɪ sɛd, bət ðeɪ wər ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤɪŋ ɔn ðə raɪts əv hɪz ˈbækərz. θɪŋk ə ʤoʊk ðət ðeɪ dɪd that,”*,” krɪs ˈhɛtzəl, ə frəm ˈækrən, sɛd əv ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz. ˈstupɪd. ɪt wɑz ʤɪst ˈstupɪd. laɪk, ju goʊ səˈpɔrt ˈsəmˌbɑdi ju wɔnt tɪ bi ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌɛniˈmɔr? ðeɪ du ðət fər ˌoʊˈbɑmə. trəmp səˈpɔrtərz du ðət fər ˈbərni ˈsændərz ər ˈhɪləri." ˈproʊˌtɛstərz wər ˈprɛzənt hir ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ɛz ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈmoʊgəl kæmˈpeɪnd ɪn ðə steɪt əˈhɛd əv ˈpraɪˌmɛri. trəmp əˈdrɛst ðɛm ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz, ˈtɛlɪŋ sɪˈkjʊrəti tɪ riˈmuv ðɛm ənd ˈjɛlɪŋ æt ˈsɛvərəl əv ðɛm fər biɪŋ ˈbərni ˈsændərz səˈpɔrtərz. wi ləv ɑr protesters?”*?” hi æst ðə kraʊd ɛz ðə ˈræli wɑz ˌɪntərˈəptɪd baɪ wən ˈpərsən ʤɪst ˈmoʊmənts ˈæftər ðə ˈkænədɪt tʊk ðə steɪʤ. raɪt, gɪt ðɛm aʊt əv here.”*.” ““yesterday*, ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, wi hæd ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv ə ˈprɑbləm. wi keɪm, wi wər nɑt əˈlaʊd tɪ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɑr fərst əˈmɛndmənt rights,”*,” hi sɛd. ʤɪst meɪks ɔl əv ɑr frɛndz ənd səˈpɔrtərz mɔr ˈæŋgri. goʊɪŋ tɪ goʊ tɪ ðə poʊlz ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ənd goʊɪŋ tɪ [si ə] riˈsaʊndɪŋ victory.”*.” sɪˈkjʊrəti wɑz ɔn haɪ əˈlərt hir ðɛr wɑz ə ˈhɛvi pəˈlis ˈprɛzəns ɪn ðə ˈpɑrkɪŋ lɔt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ɪˈvɛnt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɔfɪsərz ɔn ˈhɔrsˌbæk. laɪnz strɛʧt ˈhənərdz əv fit daʊn ðə ˈpɑrkɪŋ lɔt bɪˈkəz ɪt tʊk ə lɔŋ taɪm tɪ gɪt ˈɛvriˌwən ˈɪntu ðə kənˈvɛnʃən ˈsɛnər: iʧ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl hæd tɪ goʊ θru ˈmɛtəl dɪˈtɛktərz ənd hæv bægz ənd ˈpərsɪz sərʧt, ənd pəˈlis wər ˈkɑnfəˌskeɪtɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət kʊd bi juzd ɛz ə ˈwɛpən, ˈivɪn ˈplæstɪk ˈwɔtər ˈbɑtəlz. ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ɪˈvɛnt, ˈɔfɪsərz laɪnd ðə ˈɛʤɪz əv ðə kənˈvɛnʃən ˈsɛnər flɔr ənd wər wɔkt əˈməŋ ðə səˈpɔrtərz, ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli tɪ riˈmuv ˈproʊˌtɛstərz. bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈtuməlt ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, səm trəmp səˈpɔrtərz sɛd ðeɪ ðɛr dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ si ɪm ɪn oʊˈhaɪoʊ, ˈfɪrɪŋ mɔr ˈvaɪələns wʊd ˈirəpt. ˈəðərz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɛd ðeɪ kənˈsərnd. ruˈʤɪroʊ brɔt hɪz 6 ənd sənz wɪθ ɪm ənd sɛd hi hæd noʊ fɪr əv ˈvaɪələns. wən ˈwʊmən, hu aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd hərˈsɛlf ˈoʊnli ɛz ˈwɛndi, sɛd ʃi θɔt əˈbaʊt ˈskɪpɪŋ ðə ˈræli bɪˈkəz əv ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ˈɪnsədənt, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli bɪˈkəz ʃi plænd tɪ brɪŋ hər 10 ənd ˈʧɪldrən. bət ˈəltəmətli, ʃi ənd hər ˈʧɪldrən ənd hər ˈfɑðər keɪm ˈɛniˌweɪ. əˈmɛrɪkə, ɑr raɪt tɪ bi hir, ɑr raɪt tɪ spik ənd tɪ listen,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ðə fərst əˈmɛndmənt, hir tɪ du ðət, soʊ nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ lɛt səm ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ stɑp mi frəm wət aɪ hæv ðə raɪt tɪ du." ˈkɛvɪn məˈkɑrθi, 49 ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ædˈvaɪzər ɪn ˈklivlənd, sɛd ðə pəˈlis ʃʊd hæv bɪn mɔr əˈgrɛsɪv wɪθ ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, səˈʤɛstɪŋ tɪr gæs ʃʊd hæv bɪn ən ˈɔpʃən. æst ɪf trəmp ɪnˈkərəʤəz ðə ˈvaɪələns baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈhitɪd ˈrɛtərɪk, məˈkɑrθi sɛd ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈmoʊgəl tɪ bleɪm. doesn’t*. hi tɔks, hi tɛlz ðə truth,”*,” məˈkɑrθi sɛd. wɔnt tɪ seɪ ðət ðət ˈkɔzɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ. noʊ ˈrizən tɪ gɪt ˈvaɪələnt ənd ˈproʊˌtɛst, ənd wət ðiz ˈpipəl ər duɪŋ. gɑt jʊr fərst əˈmɛndmənt raɪt tɪ spiʧ. ðeɪ kən ˈlɪsən tɪ ɪm ənd ɪf ðeɪ laɪk ɪt, ðeɪ voʊt fər ɪm. ˈvɛri ˈsɪmpəl." məˈkɑrθi ˈædɪd ðət hi droʊv hɪz oʊld kɑr tɪ ðə ɪˈvɛnt, ˈrəðər ðən ə nuər wən, ɪn keɪs goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈpipəl ˈblɑkɪŋ ðə strits, soʊ ðət ɪf ðeɪ dɪd hɪt maɪ kɑr, aɪ fil bæd əˈbaʊt ˈrənɪŋ ðɛm ˈoʊvər. aɪ wɔnt tɪ rɛk maɪ nu kɑr." ˈəðərz əˈgrid trəmp bɛrz noʊ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər ˈvaɪələns æt hɪz ˈræliz, boʊθ baɪ ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ənd səˈpɔrtərz, dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət hi ˈpriviəsli sɛd hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ pənʧ ə ˈproʊˌtɛstər ɪn ðə feɪs ənd toʊld wən kraʊd tɪ ðə kræp aʊt əv them.”*.” ˈrɛtərɪk, ðoʊ, ɪn maɪ opinion,”*,” sɛd kɛn muellauer*, 47 frəm ˈklivlənd. nɑt ˈlɪtərəl, ˈrɛtərɪk. ˈpipəl hæv tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðət." ðoʊ θɪŋz wər səbˈstænʃəli mɔr mˈjutɪd ɪn oʊˈhaɪoʊ ðən ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ðɛr wər ˈsɛvərəl ˈhaɪli tɛns ˈmoʊmənts ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. æt ə ˈdeɪtən ɪˈvɛnt ˈərliər ɪn ðə deɪ, ˈsikrɪt ˈsərvɪs ˈeɪʤənts ræn ˈɔntu ðə steɪʤ tɪ səraʊnd trəmp ˈæftər ə ˈproʊˌtɛstər lɛpt ə ˈbɛrəˌkeɪd ənd ʧɑrʤd ðə ˈɛriə. ɪn ˈklivlənd, ðə ˈræli wɑz ˌɪntərˈəptɪd ˈoʊnli ə fju taɪmz baɪ ˈproʊˌtɛstərz wɪʧ həz bɪˈkəm ˈkɑmən æt ɔl trəmp ˈgæðərɪŋz. ðoʊz ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ˈgæðərd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈæftərwərd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ənd wər sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ səˈpɔrtərz ˈflədɪŋ aʊt əv ðə ɪˈvɛnt. ɛz ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ˈʧæntɪd, trump”*” ənd lɪvz matter,”*,” ðə səˈpɔrtərz draʊnd ðɛm aʊt wɪθ ʧænts əv ““usa”*” ənd lɪvz matter.”*.” ˈsɛvərəl səˈpɔrtərz gɑt ɪn ðə protesters’*’ ˈfeɪsɪz, ˈlɑbɪŋ ˌɪnˈsəlts ənd dərˈɪsɪv rɪˈmɑrks. ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ʃɑt bæk, ˈkɔlɪŋ ðə trəmp səˈpɔrtərz ˈreɪsɪsts. pəˈlis ˈəltəmətli stɛpt ɪn tɪ breɪk əp ðə kraʊd əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈdəzən, wɪʧ wɑz ˈʃaʊtɪŋ bæk ənd fɔrθ fər ˈnɪrli 20 ˈmɪnəts. waɪl ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt ə ˈdəzən ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ˈæˌkʧuəli wɛnt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ɪˈvɛnt, ˈdəzənz əv ˈəðərz laɪnd ðə roʊd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə kənˈvɛnʃən ˈsɛnər. ˈʧɑrəlz ˈhæmbli, 65 sɛd hi droʊv frəm lanesville*, ind*., tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst trəmp ɪn ˈklivlənd, wɛr hɪz sən lɪvz. bɪˈliv ɪn raɪt tɪ fri spiʧ, waɪ aʊt hir ənd nɑt inside,”*,” ˈhæmbli sɛd. həz ðə raɪt tɪ seɪ wət hi wɔnts tɪ seɪ, bət aɪ hæv ðə raɪt tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt əˈgɛnst ɪt ənd pɔɪnt aʊt tɪ ˈpipəl ðət wət ðeɪ ər bɪˈlivɪŋ ɪz rɔŋ ənd ˈdeɪnʤərəs fər ə soʊˈsaɪɪti ɛz ə hoʊl." ˈtaɪlər, ə frəm ˈæmərst, oʊˈhaɪoʊ, hu ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz fər ðə trəmp kæmˈpeɪn, ədˈmɪtəd ðət ðə ˈɔfən ˈkeɪtərz ə loʊər ˈkɑmən denominator”*” wɪθ hɪz ˈrɛtərɪk. ˈpʊʃɪz ˈpipəl tɪ tu ˈdɪfərənt kæmps, ənd anti-trump*, ənd ˈprɪti vitriolic,”*,” sɛd. æst ɪf ðət ɪz ə gʊd θɪŋ, hi kɔld ɪt inevitability”*” ənd sɛd, fil ˈrɪli gʊd ər bæd. aɪ fil laɪk kaɪnd əv ə ˈnæʧərəl progression.”*.” ɛz spoʊk tɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɪˈvɛnt ˈstɑrtɪd, ən əˈnaʊnsmɛnt keɪm ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlaʊdˌspikər æt ðə ɪˈvɛnt ˈwɔrnɪŋ əˈtɛnˈdiz: ə ˈproʊˌtɛstər stɑrts ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɛriə əraʊnd ju, pliz, du nɑt təʧ ər hɑrm ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstər. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈpisfəl ˈræli."

cleveland – tensions ran high at a donald trump rally here the day after the republican front-runner canceled a chicago appearance amid violent protests, but trump and his supporters weren’t discouraged, blaming his detractors for disturbances at his events. in chicago friday night, trump cancelled a rally that had hundreds of protesters clashing with supporters, leading to several violent skirmishes. in ohio the next day, thousands turned out to see trump at two events, and mostly they blamed the protesters, saying the candidate was not at fault. damian ruggiero, 45, drove from toledo to be at the cleveland rally saturday afternoon. he accused the protesters of disrupting private events, not exercising their constitutional rights. “when they sneak in there and disrupt it and get their ass beat, they deserve it,” ruggiero told realclearpolitics. “and not a violent person, but they deserve whatever they get because they came in under false pretenses. they weren’t invited. the people that are invited are supporters of his.” most trump supporters here had a similar message: not only were the protesters going beyond their first amendment rights, they said, but they were infringing on the rights of his backers. “i think a joke that they did that,” chris hetzel, a 30-year-old from akron, said of the protesters. “it’s stupid. it was just stupid. like, you go support somebody you want to be president anymore? they didn’t do that for obama. trump supporters do that for bernie sanders or hillary." protesters were present here saturday as the business mogul campaigned in the state ahead of tuesday’s winner-take-all primary. trump addressed them several times, telling security to remove them and yelling at several of them for being bernie sanders supporters. “do we love our protesters?” he asked the crowd as the rally was interrupted by one person just moments after the candidate took the stage. “all right, get them out of here.” “yesterday, in chicago, we had a little bit of a problem. we came, we were not allowed to exercise our first amendment rights,” he said. “it just makes all of our friends and supporters more angry. we’re going to go to the polls on tuesday and we’re going to [see a] resounding victory.” security was on high alert here — there was a heavy police presence in the parking lot outside the event, including officers on horseback. lines stretched hundreds of feet down the parking lot because it took a long time to get everyone into the convention center: each individual had to go through metal detectors and have bags and purses searched, and police were confiscating anything that could be used as a weapon, even plastic water bottles. inside the event, officers lined the edges of the convention center floor and were walked among the supporters, occasionally to remove protesters. because of the tumult in chicago, some trump supporters said they second-guessed their decision to see him in ohio, fearing more violence would erupt. others, however, said they weren’t concerned. ruggiero brought his 6- and 9-year-old sons with him and said he had no fear of violence. one 46-year-old woman, who identified herself only as wendy, said she thought about skipping the rally because of the chicago incident, particularly because she planned to bring her 10- and 13-year-old children. but ultimately, she and her children and her father came anyway. “it’s america, our right to be here, our right to speak and to listen,” she said. “it’s the first amendment, we’re here to do that, so not going to let some protesters in chicago stop me from what i have the right to do." kevin mccarthy, 49, a financial adviser in cleveland, said the police should have been more aggressive with protesters in chicago, suggesting tear gas should have been an option. asked if trump encourages the violence by using heated rhetoric, mccarthy said the business mogul to blame. “he. he talks, he tells the truth,” mccarthy said. “people want to say that that causes something. no reason to get violent and protest, and what these people are doing. you’ve got your first amendment right to speech. they can listen to him and if they like it, they vote for him. very simple." mccarthy added that he drove his old car to the event, rather than a newer one, “just in case going to be people blocking the streets, so that if they did hit my car, i wouldn’t feel bad about running them over. i want to wreck my new car." others agreed trump bears no responsibility for violence at his rallies, both by protesters and supporters, despite the fact that he previously said he wanted to punch a protester in the face and told one crowd to “knock the crap out of them.” “that’s rhetoric, though, in my opinion,” said ken muellauer, 47, from cleveland. “that’s not literal, rhetoric. people have to understand that." though things were substantially more muted in ohio than in chicago, there were several highly tense moments saturday. at a dayton event earlier in the day, secret service agents ran onto the stage to surround trump after a protester leapt a barricade and charged the area. in cleveland, the rally was interrupted only a few times by protesters – which has become common at all trump gatherings. those protesters gathered outside afterward, however, and were surrounded by supporters flooding out of the event. as the protesters chanted, “dump trump” and “black lives matter,” the supporters drowned them out with chants of “usa” and “all lives matter.” several supporters got in the protesters’ faces, lobbing insults and derisive remarks. the protesters shot back, calling the trump supporters racists. police ultimately stepped in to break up the crowd of several dozen, which was shouting back and forth for nearly 20 minutes. while only about a dozen protesters actually went inside the event, dozens of others lined the road outside the convention center. charles hambly, 65, said he drove from lanesville, ind., to protest trump in cleveland, where his son lives. “i believe in people’s right to free speech, why out here and not inside,” hambly said. “he has the right to say what he wants to say, but i have the right to demonstrate against it and point out to people that what they are believing is wrong and dangerous for a society as a whole." tyler stranden, a 21-year-old from amherst, ohio, who volunteers for the trump campaign, admitted that the gop front-runner often caters “to a lower common denominator” with his rhetoric. “this pushes people to two different camps, pro-trump and anti-trump, and pretty vitriolic,” stranden said. asked if that is a good thing, he called it “an inevitability” and said, “i feel really good or bad. i feel like kind of a natural progression.” as stranden spoke to rcp before the event started, an announcement came over the loudspeaker at the event warning attendees: “if a protester starts demonstrating in the area around you, please, do not touch or harm the protester. this is a peaceful rally."

ʃɛr ðɛr ər soʊ ˈmɛni ˈstrimɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ dɪˈvaɪsɪz dɪˈzaɪnd fər ðə hoʊm ˈθieɪtər ˈmɑrkɪt raɪt naʊ ðət ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ kip əp.,, ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən, pleɪ, slingbox*, push2tv*, ˈtɪˌvoʊ strim, co-star*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ðɛn ɔl ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ kənˈsoʊlz, smɑrt ənd smɑrt pleɪərz ðət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfər ˈstrimɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ æps laɪk, pləs ənd ˈjuˌtub. ənd fərˈgɛt əˈbaʊt htpcs*, ə smɔl ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə hoʊm ˈθieɪtər ˈmɑrkɪt, bət wən ðət həz ən ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk ˈjuzər beɪs. aʊt əv ðɪs ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ˈfreɪkəs, ðɛr ər θri dɪˈvaɪsɪz ðət hæv ˈkɑnstəntli tɑpt lɪst əv ˈstrimɪŋ ˈmidiə pleɪərz ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈnumərəs gaɪdz, ðə ˈgugəl, ðə 3 ənd ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. bət wɪʧ wən ɪz raɪt fər ju? ˈbroʊkən daʊn ðə proʊz ənd kɑnz əv ðə θri dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˈɪntu ˈsɛvərəl ˈkætəˌgɔriz tɪ hɛlp ju ˌdɪˈsaɪd. praɪs: ˈgugəl (ɪf ju oʊn ə ˈtæblət) ðə ɪz ˈɑbviəsli ˈʧipər ðən boʊθ ˈbɑksɪz, ə 35 ˈvərsəz ə 99. ˈbeɪsɪkli, ju kən ˈpərʧəs θri fər əˈbaʊt ðə seɪm praɪs ɛz ə 3 ər ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. ˈivɪn ˈʧipər ðən moʊst ˈbeɪsɪk ˈhɑrdˌwɛr, ðə 49 lt*. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ju kən ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli faɪnd seɪlz ɔn ðə æt ə 30 praɪs pɔɪnt ənd seɪlz æt ə 80 praɪs pɔɪnt ɔn boʊθ ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ənd 3 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ɪz nɑt ə dɪˈvaɪs. ðə rikˈwaɪərz ə ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs, laɪk ə ər ˈtæblət, ər ə ˈpiˈsi ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ wɔʧ ˈstrimɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ. waɪl ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ˈlaɪkli oʊn wən ər mɔr əv ðiz dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ˈsərtənli nɑt ðə keɪs fər ˈɛvriˌwən. ɛz ə dɪˈvaɪs, ðə 3 ər ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən wʊd ˈəltəmətli bi ə ˈʧipər ˈpərʧəs ðən ə ˈkɑmˌboʊ. əˈfɪʃəl æp səˈpɔrt: 3 ˈæftər ˈfaɪnəli ˈædɪd ə ˈjuˌtub ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ðɪs mənθ, ˈrɪli noʊ ˈkɑntɛst ɪn rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ ˈvɑljum əv əˈveɪləbəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ənd səˈpɔrt fər ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. ðə ʃɪr ˈnəmbər əv əˈfɪʃəl æps 750 ɔn ðə ˈʧænəl stɔr ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈstægərˌɪŋ. ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈoʊnli dɪˈvaɪs əv ðə θri ðət ˌɪnˈkludz əˈfɪʃəl ˈæməˌzɑn ˈɪnstənt ˈvɪdioʊ səˈpɔrt, aɪˈdil fər ˈæməˌzɑn praɪm səbˈskraɪbərz. həz ðə ˈwikəst ˈlaɪˌnəp əv səˈpɔrtɪd θərd ˈpɑrti ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, bət groʊɪŋ ɪkˈstrimli fæst, əˈspɛʃəli wɪn kəmˈpɛrd tɪ sloʊ krɔl ɔn ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. ˈgugəl ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt kɪt, ðəs æp səˈpɔrt wɪl ˈlaɪkli ɪkˈsploʊd ˈdʊrɪŋ 2014 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɔl θri dɪˈvaɪsɪz səˈpɔrt ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈvɪdioʊ səbˈskrɪpʃən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz laɪk ənd pləs, ˈbeɪsɪkli ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz əˈməŋ juz. kənˈsumərz. wɛb ˈkɑntɛnt səˈpɔrt: ˈgugəl waɪl ðə 3 ˈsərtənli həz ə brɛdθ əv wɛb ˈvɪdioʊ æps ənd ˌənəˈfɪʃəl æps tɪ strim ˈvɪdioʊ, ɪt kəmˈpit wɪθ ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈɪməˌteɪt ə htpc*. wɔnt tɪ wɔʧ ˈrɛgjələr ɔn jʊr? noʊ ˈprɑbləm, ʤɪst faɪər əp ˈgugəl kroʊm ɔn jʊr ˈpiˈsi ənd strim ðə ˈkɑrənt kroʊm tæb tɪ. wɔnt tɪ wɔʧ ðə læst ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv ðə ðə bɪg bæŋ ˈθɪri sɪns nɑt əˈveɪləbəl ɔn? ʤɪst pʊl əp ənd strim ðə tæb. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsɪmələr tɪ ə htpc*, ju kən ˈjutəˌlaɪz ənd wɛb ˈprɑksiz tɪ geɪn ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈvɪdioʊ riˈstrɪktɪd baɪ ˈriʤən. ðɪs ɪz aɪˈdil fər ˈɛniˌwən ðət lɪvz ɪn ə ˈkəntri ˈdɪfərənt frəm wɛr ðə ˈkɑntɛnt ɪz prəˈdust. ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs ˈmɛθəd, ˈpipəl ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə juz. kən wɔʧ ˈvɪdioʊ ɔn, fər ˈɪnstəns. ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈpɑpjələr tɪ juz ðɪs taɪp əv ˈsərvɪs ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə juz. tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ˈpɑpjələr ˈbrɪtɪʃ ʃoʊz laɪk ˈæbi ənd ˈʃərˌlɑk. ˈloʊkəl ˈkɑntɛnt səˈpɔrt: 3 ˈgugəl ˈjuzɪŋ ən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən kɔld plɛks əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ðə 3 ənd, ˈjuzərz kən strim ə ˈloʊkəl ˈlaɪbrɛˌri əv ˈkɑntɛnt stɔrd ɔn ðɛr hoʊm ˈnɛtˌwərk tɪ ə. ə ˈfɛrli ˈsɪmpəl səˈluʃən ðət əˈlaʊz ˈjuzərz tɪ teɪk ðɛr ˈloʊkəl ˈkɑntɛnt ˈɛniˌwɛr. waɪl fri tɪ strim ˈkɑntɛnt ɔn ðə 3 bi əˈwɛr ðət ˈstrimɪŋ ˈkərəntli rikˈwaɪərz ə səbˈskrɪpʃən tɪ plexpass*. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈgugəl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfərz ə weɪ tɪ strim ˈkɑntɛnt θru ˈgugəl kroʊm ɛz wɛl. ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ səˈpɔrt fər ˈpɑpjələr ˈvɪdioʊ ˈfɔrˌmæts səʧ ɛz ˈɑvi, ənd ˈɛmˌpɛg, kroʊm ˈjuzərz kən ˈoʊpən əp ə ˈvɪdioʊ faɪl ɪn ðə wɛb ˈbraʊzər wɪθ ðə kəˈmænd ““control-o”*” ɔn ə ˈwɪndoʊz ˈpiˈsi ənd stɑrt ˈstrimɪŋ tɪ ðə. waɪl ðɪs ˈmɛθəd ɛz ˈjuzər ˈfrɛndli ɛz əˈfɪʃəl ˈloʊkəl faɪl səˈpɔrt wɪθ ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈɛləmənt tɪ kju əp ˈkɑntɛnt, kwaɪt ˈifɛktɪv. rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən, ˈæpəl ˈɔfərz noʊ əˈfɪʃəl səˈpɔrt fər ˈloʊkəl ˈkɑntɛnt ˈstrimɪŋ, ˈlaɪkli bɪˈkəz ɪt wʊd ˈəndərˌkət seɪlz ɔn ˈaɪˌtunz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈjuzərz kən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən kɔld (ˈkərəntli ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈbeɪtə) tɪ strim ˈloʊkəl ˈkɑntɛnt stɔrd ɔn ðə ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs tɪ ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən, ən æp ðət ˈgugəl ˈrisəntli blɑkt ɔn ðə. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən tɪ meɪk ɪt mɔr kəmˈpætəbəl fər ˈloʊkəl ˈkɑntɛnt səˈpɔrt, bət ðət rikˈwaɪərz ə bɪt əv ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌɛkspərˈtiz. ˈkɑntɛnt pərˈfɔrməns: 3 ɪf ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət aɪ ˌæbsəˈlutli æˈbhɔr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈərli ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˈstrimɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ɪt wɑz ˈhævɪŋ tɪ weɪt fər ˈvɪdioʊ ənd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz tɪ loʊd. ðə ˈərli dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˈsəfərd frəm ðɪs. ˈivɪn ðə ənd 360 sim tɪ teɪk ən ɪˈtərnəti tɪ loʊd ˈstrimɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz wɪn kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə 3 wɪθ ðət ɪn maɪnd, hir ər maɪ ˈloʊdɪŋ taɪmz tɪ kju əp ˈkɑntɛnt ɔn ɔl θri dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˈjuzɪŋ ə fju əv ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈvɪdioʊ æps. ʤɪst fər ˈrɛfərəns, ɔl dɪˈvaɪsɪz ər ˈstrimɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈwaɪˌfaɪ æt ðə seɪm ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈrutər. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ˈjuzɪŋ ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn 5 tɪ strim ˈkɑntɛnt tɪ ðə. ðə taɪm ˈmɛʒərmənt stɑrts ðə ˈɪnstənt aɪ hɪt ðə ˈfaɪnəl lɔnʧ ˈbətən fər ðə ˈvɪdioʊ tɪ ðə ˈɪnstənt ðət ðə ˈvɪdioʊ stɑrts pleɪɪŋ ɔn maɪ skrin. aɪ ˈtɛstɪd ðɪs wɪθ ˈməltəpəl ˈpisɪz əv ˈkɑntɛnt ənd tʊk ən ˈævərɪʤ əv iʧ.:: ˈsɛkəndz 3 ˈsɛkəndz ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən: ˈsɛkəndz: ˈsɛkəndz pləs:: ˈsɛkəndz 3 ˈsɛkəndz ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən: ˈsɛkəndz: ˈsɛkəndz ˈjuˌtub:: ˈsɛkəndz 3 ˈsɛkəndz ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən: ˈsɛkəndz: ˈsɛkəndz ɛz ju kən si, ðə 3 wɪnz aʊt ɪn ɔl θri ˈkætəˌgɔriz fər spid. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪst ðət ðə 3 ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz stɑrts pleɪɪŋ ðə haɪ ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən strim əv ˈjuˌtub ˈvɪdioʊz, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ðə ˈstrəgəlz wɪθ frəm taɪm tɪ taɪm. ɪkˈstrimli ɑd sɪns ˈjuˌtub ɪz ɪn wheelhouse*. simz tɪ bi ˈfæstəst ɔn ðə ˈbɑksɪz ənd ɪz əˈbɪzməli sloʊ ɔn ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. streɪnʤ, sɪns ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən hæv ˈɛni ˈtrəbəl ˈloʊdɪŋ əp ənd ˈjuˌtub ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkɑntɛnt ˈfɛrli kˈwɪkli. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, frəm maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn 5 tɪ ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən wɑz məʧ ˈfæstər ɪn ɔl θri ˈkeɪsɪz. rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ pərˈfɔrməns, ˈsəmθɪŋ əv ə tɔs əp. ɔl θri dɪˈvaɪsɪz səˈpɔrt ˈpleɪˌbæk ənd prəˈvaɪd ə klɪr, haɪ ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən ˈpɪkʧər fər ðə hoʊm ˈθieɪtər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti əv ˈkɑntɛnt ɪz dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn θərd ˈpɑrti ˈsərvɪsɪz fər ðə moʊst pɑrt. aɪ ˈnoʊtɪst ˈɛni sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt kˈwɑləti ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ˈkɑntɛnt əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈpərʧəs ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ (chromecast*) ər ˈaɪˌtunz (ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən), bət ðə səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈkɑntɛnt simz tɪ bi ˈlɑrʤər ɔn ˈaɪˌtunz. ɔn ðə 3 aɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli prɪˈfər ðə strimz prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ vudu*. ˈjuzər ˈɪnərˌfeɪs: 3 waɪl sɪmˈplɪsɪti wɪnz aʊt ɔn ðə ˈgugəl, ˈrɪli təf tɪ bit ðə ˈkɑntɛnt ˌdɪˈskəvri ˈfiʧər əv ðə 3 ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪŋ ə ˈkəstəm sərʧ ˈfəŋkʃən wɪˈθɪn ðə 3, aɪ kən sərʧ fər wən spɪˈsɪfɪk pis əv ˈkɑntɛnt ənd si rɪˈzəlts ˈlɪstɪd fər ˈməltəpəl æps. aɪˈdil fər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ ˈlɪstɪd ɔn ə səbˈskrɪpʃən ˈsərvɪs laɪk ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈvɔɪd ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈpərʧəs ɔn ə ˈsərvɪs laɪk vudu*. ˈsəmθɪŋ ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl wɪθ ðə ər ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. ˈbeɪsɪkli, ju hæv tɪ lɔnʧ ˈməltəpəl æps tɪ sərʧ fər ðə seɪm ˈkɑntɛnt ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər. waɪl ju ˈrɪli kəmˈpɛr ðə ˈɪnərˌfeɪs wɪθ ðə ˈəðər tu dɪˈvaɪsɪz, aɪ ˈvæstli prɪˈfər ðə 3 ˈoʊvər ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. ˈfæstər, mɔr rɪˈspɑnsɪv ənd simz tɪ lɔnʧ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz kˈwɪkər. ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr ɪkˈspidiənt wɪθ ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd ˈəpˌgreɪdz, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət sim tɪ bi ə ˈmeɪʤər praɪˈɔrəti fər ˈæpəl. əv kɔrs, ˈæpəl həz ə sˈlaɪtli ˈbɛtər stɔr (ˈaɪˌtunz) fər ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ˈkɑntɛnt, ˈmoʊstli bɪˈkəz ðə ˈkɑntɛnt səˈlɛkʃən ɪz ə bɪt mɔr ɪkˈspænsɪv ðən səm əv ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪvz ɔn ðə 3 rɪˈmoʊt kənˈtroʊl: ˈgugəl ɛz məʧ ɛz aɪ ləv ðə sɪmˈplɪsɪti əv ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən rɪˈmoʊt ər ðə ˈhɛdˌfoʊn ʤæk ɔn ðə 3 rɪˈmoʊt fər ˈpraɪvət ˈlɪsənɪŋ, ˈniðər hoʊld ə ˈkændəl tɪ ðə ˈsɛkənd skrin ɪkˈspɪriəns ɔn ə. ðə ˈbeɪsɪkli ɪˈlɪməˌneɪts ðə nid fər ə trəˈdɪʃənəl rɪˈmoʊt kənˈtroʊl sɪns ɔl ˈfəŋkʃənz ər pərˈfɔrmd wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈmoʊbəl æps ðət ər kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ ðə dɪˈvaɪs. aɪ kən pəruz θru ˈkɑntɛnt ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈsəmθɪŋ nu tɪ wɔʧ waɪl ən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv ə ˈdɪfərənt ʃoʊ ɪz pleɪɪŋ ɔn ðə bɪg skrin. ˈæpəl ənd du ˈɔfər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz tɪ ækt ɛz ə rɪˈmoʊt kənˈtroʊl, bət ˈniðər ˈɔfər sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈsɛkənd skrin ˈɔpʃənz bɪɔnd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈkiˌbɔrd fər ˈtaɪpɪŋ. wət əˈbaʊt ˈgugəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən? ɪf ju ˈnoʊtɪst, klɪr ðət ˈgugəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ɪz ˈprɪti məʧ dɛd æt ðɪs pɔɪnt. waɪl ˈgugəl ɪz ˈrumərd tɪ bi ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə nu ˈnɛksəs dɪˈvaɪs dɪˈzaɪnd fər ðə hoʊm ˈθieɪtər ðət kʊd lɔnʧ ɛz ˈərli ɛz 2014 ðə ˈgugəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən brænd ənd ˈjuzər ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ɪz ˈbɛrli biɪŋ juzd baɪ kənˈsumər ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz. ju wɪl stɪl si ə sˈmætərɪŋ əv ˈgugəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən dɪˈvaɪsɪz, laɪk ðə ˈsoʊni ˈɪntərˌnɛt pleɪər, ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt, bət ɪkˈspɛkt ˈgugəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən wɪl bi ɛz ˈnɛksəs ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən nɛkst jɪr ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ laɪn əp wɪθ ˈnɛksəs ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz. tɪ wət ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ðə ˈgugəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ɪz juzd ɔn ðə nu ˈnɛksəs dɪˈvaɪs ɪz gɛs. bət wət ʃʊd aɪ baɪ? ˈpərsənəli, aɪ prɪˈfər ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv dɪˈvaɪsɪz. aɪ ˈjutəˌlaɪz ðə 3 ɪn maɪ meɪn hoʊm ˈθieɪtər ənd aɪ hæv ˌɪnˈstɔld æt ðə ˈəðər ˈtɛləˌvɪʒənz ˈskætərd əraʊnd maɪ hoʊm. ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ hʊkt əp ɪn maɪ hoʊm ˈθieɪtər, bət aɪ kən kaʊnt ðə ˈnəmbər əv taɪmz juzd ɪt ˈoʊvər ðə læst twɛlv mənθs ɔn wən hænd., waɪl ən ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈfiʧər æt riˈlis, həz ˈteɪkən ə bækˈsit tɪ ˈstrimɪŋ ˈkɑntɛnt wɪθ ðə, æt list ɪn maɪ ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld. ðə həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈkəm wən əv maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈtrævəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz wɪn aɪ əˈtɛnd ˈfæməli ɪˈvɛnts ər ˈbɪznɪs ˈfəŋkʃənz. əˈsumɪŋ ˈizi tɪ gɪt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈwaɪˌfaɪ ˈnɛtˌwərk, aɪ kən faɪər əp ðə ənd aɪ kən kˈwɪkli pɛr maɪ dɪˈvaɪs ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ʃɛr ˈpɪkʧərz (ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈlæpˌtɑp ənd kroʊm) ər ˈəðər ˈmidiə wɪθ ðə rɛst əv ðə grup. ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt məʧ ˈlɑrʤər ðən ə trəˈdɪʃənəl θəm draɪv, ðəs ˈizi tɪ slɪp ˈɪntu maɪ ˈlæpˌtɑp bæg, ˈivɪn wɪθ ðə paʊər əˈdæptər. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, juzd ɪt fər ə ˈkɑnfərəns kɔl wəns, ˈprɪti smuð fər ə ˈgugəl ˈhæˌŋaʊt. ˈfɛrli klɪr ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən həz bɪˈkəm ˈsəmˈwət steɪl æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, əˈspɛʃəli sɪns ðə ˈhɑrdˌwɛr bɪn əˈfɪʃəli riˈfrɛʃt ɪn ˈnɪrli tu jɪrz. ˈsəmθɪŋ əv ən ˈæpəl fæn (wɪθ ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn 5 ənd ˈaɪˌpæd ˈmɪni), bət aɪ faɪnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf dɪˈfɔltɪŋ tɪ ðə fər ˈstrimɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ taɪm ənd taɪm əˈgɛn ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈæpəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. ənˈtɪl ˈæpəl roʊlz aʊt nu ˈhɑrdˌwɛr wɪθ ðə nu ˈprɑˌsɛsər, ə sˈlɪkər ˈjuzər ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ənd ˈgreɪtər æp səˈpɔrt, ju ər ˈbɛtər ɔf ˈpɪkɪŋ əp ə 3 fər ə trəˈdɪʃənəl bɑks səˈluʃən ər ðə ˈgugəl, ɪf ju prɪˈfər ˈstrimɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz.

share there are so many streaming video devices designed for the home theater market right now that getting difficult to keep up. roku, chromecast, apple tv, wd play, slingbox, netgear push2tv, tivo stream, vizio co-star, etc. then there’s all the gaming consoles, smart hdtvs and smart blu-ray players that also offer streaming video access to apps like netflix, hulu plus and youtube. and don’t forget about htpcs, a small portion of the home theater market, but one that has an enthusiastic user base. out of this hardware fracas, there are three devices that have constantly topped amazon’s list of streaming media players as well as numerous buyer’s guides, the google chromecast, the roku 3 and the apple tv. but which one is right for you? we’ve broken down the pros and cons of the three devices into several categories to help you decide. price: google chromecast (if you own a smartphone / tablet) the chromecast is obviously cheaper than both set-top boxes, a $35 msrp versus a $99 msrp. basically, you can purchase three chromecasts for about the same price as a roku 3 or apple tv. even cheaper than roku’s most basic hardware, the $49 roku lt. in addition, you can occasionally find sales on the chromecast at a $30 price point and sales at a $80 price point on both the apple tv and roku 3. however, the chromecast is not a standalone device. the chromecast requires a mobile device, like a smartphone or tablet, or a pc in order to watch streaming video. while the vast majority of households likely own one or more of these devices, that’s certainly not the case for everyone. as a standalone device, the roku 3 or apple tv would ultimately be a cheaper purchase than a chromecast / smartphone combo. official app support: roku 3 after roku finally added a youtube application this month, there’s really no contest in regards to volume of available applications and support for the most popular applications. the sheer number of official apps (750+) on the roku channel store is absolutely staggering. also the only device of the three that includes official amazon instant video support, ideal for amazon prime subscribers. chromecast has the weakest lineup of supported third party applications, but growing extremely fast, especially when compared to apple’s slow crawl on the apple tv. google is also working on a chromecast software development kit, thus app support will likely explode during 2014. however, all three devices support the major video subscription applications like netflix and hulu plus, basically the most popular applications among u.s. consumers. web content support: google chromecast while the roku 3 certainly has a breadth of web video apps and unofficial apps to stream video, it can’t compete with the chromecast’s ability to imitate a htpc. want to watch regular hulu.com on your hdtv? no problem, just fire up google chrome on your pc and stream the current chrome tab to chromecast. want to watch the last episode of the the big bang theory since not available on hulu? just pull up cbs.com and stream the tab. also similar to a htpc, you can utilize vpns and web proxies to gain access to video that’s restricted by region. this is ideal for anyone that lives in a country different from where the content is produced. using this method, people outside the u.s. can watch video on hulu, for instance. also becoming popular to use this type of service inside the u.s. to access popular british shows like downton abbey and sherlock. local content support: roku 3 / google chromecast using an application called plex that’s available on the roku 3 and chromecast, users can stream a local library of content stored on their home network to a hdtv. a fairly simple solution that allows users to take their local content anywhere. while free to stream content on the roku 3, be aware that chromecast streaming currently requires a subscription to plexpass. however, google also offers a way to stream content through google chrome as well. including support for popular video formats such as avi, mp4, m4v and mpeg, chrome users can open up a video file in the web browser with the command “control-o” on a windows pc and start streaming to the chromecast. while this method isn’t as user friendly as official local file support with navigation element to queue up content, quite effective. regarding the apple tv, apple offers no official support for local content streaming, likely because it would undercut sales on itunes. however, android users can download an application called allcast (currently in public beta) to stream local content stored on the mobile device to the apple tv, an app that google recently blocked on the chromecast. you can also jailbreak the apple tv to make it more compatible for local content support, but that requires a bit of technical expertise. content performance: roku 3 if there’s something that i absolutely abhor about the early generation of streaming video devices, it was having to wait for video and applications to load. the early roku devices suffered from this. even the ps3 and xbox 360 seem to take an eternity to load streaming video applications when compared to the roku 3. with that in mind, here are my loading times to queue up content on all three devices using a few of the most popular video apps. just for reference, all devices are streaming over wi-fi at the same tv using a netgear wndr3000 router. in addition, i’m using an iphone 5 to stream content to the chromecast. the time measurement starts the instant i hit the final launch button for the video to the instant that the video starts playing on my hdtv screen. i tested this with multiple pieces of content and took an average of each. netflix: chromecast: 6.7 seconds roku 3: 4.7 seconds apple tv: 21.2 seconds airplay: 9.6 seconds hulu plus: chromecast: 7.1 seconds roku 3: 3.3 seconds apple tv: 5.4 seconds airplay: 3.5 seconds youtube: chromecast: 5.8 seconds roku 3: 4.5 seconds apple tv: 4.9 seconds airplay: 4.6 seconds as you can see, the roku 3 wins out in all three categories for speed. i’ve also noticed that the roku 3 almost always starts playing the high definition stream of youtube videos, something that the chromecast struggles with from time to time. extremely odd since youtube is in google’s wheelhouse. hulu seems to be fastest on the set-top boxes and netflix is abysmally slow on the apple tv. strange, since the apple tv doesn’t have any trouble loading up hulu and youtube video content fairly quickly. however, airplay from my iphone 5 to the apple tv was much faster in all three cases. regarding video performance, something of a toss up. all three devices support 1080p playback and provide a clear, high definition picture for the home theater. however, the availability of 1080p content is dependent on third party services for the most part. i haven’t noticed any significant quality differences between 1080p content available for purchase on google play (chromecast) or itunes (apple tv), but the selection of 1080p content seems to be larger on itunes. on the roku 3, i actually prefer the hdx 1080p streams provided by vudu. user interface: roku 3 while simplicity wins out on the google chromecast, really tough to beat the content discovery feature of the roku 3. utilizing a custom search function within the roku 3 ui, i can search for one specific piece of content and see results listed for multiple apps. ideal for finding video that’s listed on a subscription service like netflix in order to avoid a separate purchase on a service like vudu. that’s something that’s impossible with the chromecast or apple tv. basically, you have to launch multiple apps to search for the same content over and over. while you can’t really compare the chromecast’s interface with the other two devices, i vastly prefer the roku 3 ui over apple tv. faster, more responsive and seems to launch applications quicker. roku is also more expedient with firmware updates and upgrades, something that doesn’t seem to be a major priority for apple. of course, apple has a slightly better store (itunes) for purchasing content, mostly because the content selection is a bit more expansive than some of the alternatives on the roku 3. remote control: google chromecast as much as i love the simplicity of the apple tv remote or the headphone jack on the roku 3 remote for private listening, neither hold a candle to the second screen experience on a smartphone. the chromecast basically eliminates the need for a traditional remote control since all functions are performed within the mobile apps that are compatible with the device. i can peruse through netflix’s content library looking for something new to watch while an episode of a different show is playing on the big screen. apple and roku do offer smartphone applications to act as a remote control, but neither offer significant second screen options beyond access to the keyboard for typing. what about google tv? if you haven’t noticed, clear that google tv is pretty much dead at this point. while google is rumored to be working on a new nexus device designed for the home theater that could launch as early as q1 2014, the google tv brand and user interface is barely being used by consumer electronics manufacturers. you will still see a smattering of google tv devices, like the sony nszgs8 internet player, on the market, but i’d expect google tv will be rebranded as nexus tv next year in order to line up with nexus mobile devices. to what extent that the google tv interface is used on the new nexus device is anyone’s guess. but what should i buy? personally, i prefer a combination of devices. i utilize the roku 3 in my main home theater and i have chromecasts installed at the other televisions scattered around my home. the apple tv is also hooked up in my home theater, but i can count the number of times i’ve used it over the last twelve months on one hand. apple’s airplay, while an exciting feature at release, has taken a backseat to streaming content with the chromecast, at least in my household. the chromecast has also become one of my favorite travel devices when i attend family events or business functions. assuming easy to get access to the wi-fi network, i can fire up the chromecast and i can quickly pair my device in order to share pictures (using a laptop and chrome) or other media with the rest of the group. it’s also not much larger than a traditional usb thumb drive, thus easy to slip into my laptop bag, even with the power adaptor. in addition, i’ve used it for a conference call once, pretty smooth for a google hangout. it’s fairly clear that the current version of the apple tv has become somewhat stale at this point, especially since the hardware hasn’t been officially refreshed in nearly two years. i’m something of an apple fan (with an iphone 5 and ipad mini), but i find myself defaulting to the chromecast for streaming video time and time again as opposed to using airplay on the apple tv. until apple rolls out new hardware with the new a7 processor, a slicker user interface and greater app support, you are better off picking up a roku 3 for a traditional set-top box solution or the google chromecast, if you prefer streaming over mobile devices.

tu ˈbrændˌnu ˈrɛndərɪŋz əv ˈhɑrbərˌsaɪd wər ʤɪst riˈlist baɪ ˈriəlˌti ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən, ˈfərðər ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪŋ ðɛr 75 ˈmɪljən ˈkæpɪtəl ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn ðə kəmˈplit ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən əv ðɛr ˈɔfəs ˈbɪldɪŋz ənd ðə ˈwɔtərˌfrənt. ˈmɪrərɪŋ ˈsɪmələr dɪˈvɛləpmənts əˈkrɔs ðə ˈrɪvər əˈlɔŋ wɛst saɪd, ˈhɑrbərˌsaɪd wɪl bi ə ˈsɪŋgjələr ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən fər ˈlɪvɪŋ, ˈwərkɪŋ, ənd pleɪɪŋ ɪn ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈhədsən ˈrɪvər. ˈprɑpərtiz ɪz sɛt tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈprɑʤɛkt wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz æmˈbɪʃəs ˌɑrkəˈtɛkʧərəl ˈəpˌdeɪts tɪ ˈriˌkɔl bɪˈgɪnɪŋz ɛz ə ˈreɪˌlroʊd ənd ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˈsteɪʃən. mɑnˈfrɛdi ˈɑrkəˌtɛkts ˈdræftɪd ðə nu dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˈprɑpərtiz wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɑrtnər wɪθ ɔn ə nu ˈmɪljən skwɛr fʊt, ˈɔfəs taʊər tɪ bi kənˈstrəktɪd nɛkst tɪ ðə ˈhɑrbərˌsaɪd ˈkɑmplɛks. ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə ˈmæsɪv ˌridɪˈvɛləpmənt ər ɔˈrɛdi əp ənd ˈrənɪŋ. ðə ˈhɑrbərˌsaɪd ˈeɪtriəm wɑz ɛz ə ˈkəlʧərəl ənd kəmˈjunəl speɪs ðət ˈɔfən hoʊsts ˈloʊkəl ɪˈvɛnts laɪk ðə ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti waɪn fɛst, kræft bru fɛst, ənd ˈmɪdˌnaɪt ˈmɑrkɪt ɛz wɛl ɛz mˈjuzɪk, dæns, ənd ɑrt pərˈfɔrmənsɪz. ənd ðə lətz ˈoʊpənd ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr. ˈivɪn mɔr kən bi ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən feɪz. ˈɔfəs ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈlɑbiz wɪl bi meɪd mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl tɪ pəˈdɛstriənz ənd kəˈnɛkt tɪ ðə ˈhɑrbərˌsaɪd ˈeɪtriəm ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈfiʧər ˈfɪnɪʃɪz laɪk dɑrk ˈmɛtəl ənd wʊd ðət ˈriˌkɔl ən ˈərliər ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈɪrə ənd kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv ˈmitɪŋ ˈspeɪsɪz θruaʊt. ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ fud kɔrt wɪl bɪˈkəm ðə ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs, ə fud hɔl, ənd kiɔsks wɪl ˈroʊˌteɪt ˈloʊkəl ˈvɛndərz. moʊst əˈpɛrənt ɪn ðə nu ˈrɛndərɪŋz ɪz ðə əv ˈɔfəs ˈbɪldɪŋz. ɔl eɪt flɔrz ɔn ðə ist saɪd əv ˈhɑrbərˌsaɪd 1 pləs ðə fərst θri flɔrz əv ˈhɑrbərˌsaɪd 2 ənd 3 ər ɛz ə ˈspɑrkəlɪŋ ˈkərtən wɔl wɪθ spɛkˈtækjələr laɪt ənd vjuz əv ðə ˈhədsən ˈrɪvər ənd mænˈhætən. ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈfərmd wɪθ ðə riˈlis əv ðə nu ˈrɛndərɪŋz ɪz ə nu ˈfɛri stɑp. wɪθ ðə əˈdɪʃən əv ə nu ˈwɔtərˌweɪ ˈfɛri ˈtərmənəl, ˈsərvɪŋ ðə ˈhədsən jɑrdz ənd wərld treɪd ˈsɛnər, ˈkəmɪŋ ðɪs fɔl, ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ˌɪmˈpruvmənts wɪl fəˈsɪləˌteɪt fɑr ˈgreɪtər kənɛkˈtɪvɪti æt harborside,”*,” sɛd ˈmaɪkəl ʤeɪ. dɪˈmɑrkoʊ, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv. ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈæktəˌveɪt ðə ˈwɔtərˌfrənt ənd ˈɛnərˌʤaɪz ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd, ˈɪnəgrəl ðət wi kriˈeɪt ə ˈsimləs ɪkˈspɪriəns fər ˈrɛzɪdənts, ˈwərkərz, ənd ˈdeɪli visitors.”*.”

two brand-new renderings of harborside were just released by mack-cali realty corporation, further illustrating their $75 million capital investment in the complete transformation of their office buildings and the waterfront. mirroring similar developments across the river along manhattan’s west side, harborside will be a singular destination for living, working, and playing in jersey city along the hudson river. nyc-based sjp properties is set to manage the development project which includes ambitious architectural updates to recall harborside’s beginnings as a railroad terminus and shipping station. elkus manfredi architects drafted the new design and sjp properties will also partner with mack-cali on a new 1.2 million square foot, build-to-suit office tower to be constructed next to the harborside complex. aspects of the massive redevelopment are already up and running. the harborside atrium was reimagined as a cultural and communal space that often hosts local events like the jersey city wine fest, craft brew fest, and midnight market as well as music, dance, and art performances. and the lutze biergarten opened earlier this year. even more can be expected during the current transformation phase. office building lobbies will be made more accessible to pedestrians and connect to the harborside atrium as well as feature finishes like dark metal and wood that recall an earlier industrial era and collaborative meeting spaces throughout. the existing food court will become the marketplace, a european-style food hall, and kiosks will rotate local vendors. most apparent in the new renderings is the reskinning of harborside’s office buildings. all eight floors on the east side of harborside 1 plus the first three floors of harborside 2 and 3 are reclad as a sparkling curtain wall with spectacular light and views of the hudson river and manhattan. also confirmed with the release of the new renderings is a new ferry stop. “together with the addition of a new ny waterway ferry terminal, serving the hudson yards and world trade center, coming this fall, the capital improvements will facilitate far greater connectivity at harborside,” said michael j. demarco, ceo of mack-cali. “in order to activate the waterfront and energize the neighborhood, it’s integral that we create a seamless experience for residents, workers, and daily visitors.”

ˈprɛzɪdənt rəˈdrigoʊ kənˈkludɪd hɪz fərst sɪks mənθs ɪn ˈɔfəs ɔn ə ˈpɑzətɪv noʊt ɛz ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz sɔ wən əv ðə ˈfæstəst groʊθ reɪts ɪn ˈeɪʒə ɪn 2016 ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rɪˈfɔrmz frəm ðə ˈpriviəs ˈgəvərnmənt ˈivɪn ɛz hi ə ˈɪmɪʤ ɪn ə ˈbrutəl ˈkrækˌdaʊn ɔn drəg juz. ˈdætə ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ baɪ ðə ˈfɪləˌpin stəˈtɪstɪks əˈθɔrəti ʃoʊd ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi gru baɪ pərˈsɛnt fər ðə jɪr, wɪθ ə pərˈsɛnt groʊθ ɪn groʊs dəˈmɛstɪk ˈprɑdəkt (gdp*) fər ðə kˈwɔrtər. ðə sɔ ðə sloʊəst peɪs əv groʊθ fər ðə fʊl jɪr, wɪʧ ˈænəlɪsts əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ wik ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl pərˈdəkʃən rɪˈzəltɪŋ frəm ə ˈsɪriz əv ˌtaɪˈfunz ənd ˈɔlsoʊ frəm ðə læk əv ə ˈwəˌtaɪm bust frəm ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈspɛndɪŋ ɪn ðə fərst hæf əv ðə jɪr. bət ðə kˈwɔrtərli groʊθ wɑz haɪər ðən ðə pərˈsɛnt prɪnt frəm ə jɪr ˈərliər. ki ˈdraɪvərz əv groʊθ fər ðə kˈwɔrtər wər ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ, treɪd, ril ɛˈsteɪt, ˈrɛntɪŋ ənd ˈbɪznɪs ækˈtɪvɪtiz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə stəˈtɪstɪks əˈθɔrəti, waɪl ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈsɛktər sɔ ðə ˈfæstəst groʊθ æt pərˈsɛnt on-year*. "ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈgəvərnmənt həz səˈsteɪnd ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsiz ðət hæv bɪn riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ə trɛnd groʊθ əv pərˈsɛnt ɪn ðə læst sɪks jɪrz," ʤoʊi, ˈsinjər ɪˈkɑnəmɪst æt ɪŋ, toʊld baɪ iˈmeɪl, ˈædɪŋ, "ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk tim ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈsɑləd tim ənd həz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈɪnfluəns ɔn ðə ˈprɛzɪdənts ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈsɪʒənz." ˈɔlsoʊ ˈgaɪdɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈsɪʒənz ɪz ə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk plæn, əˈnaʊnst læst ʤun, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz tæks rɪˈfɔrmz, ˈlɪˌbərəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈfɔrən dɪˈrɛkt ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ənd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈspɛndɪŋ tɪ prɑp əp dəˈmɛstɪk groʊθ ənd fjuəl ˈpraɪvət kənˈsəmʃən, wɪʧ əˈkaʊnts fər 70 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. bət həz ˈɔlsoʊ swəŋ əˈweɪ frəm ˈərliər ˈpɑləsiz ɔn kloʊz taɪz wɪθ ðə ˈfɔrmər juz. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈoʊvər dɪˈspjutɪd ˈaɪləndz ðət ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ kleɪmz ɪn ðə saʊθ ˈʧaɪnə si ənd ˈviə ðə ˈkrækˌdaʊn ɔn drəgz ðət həz ˈbustɪd hɪz ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti ˈivɪn ɛz rɪˈpɔrts ənd əˈfɪʃəl ˈfɪgjərz səˈʤɛst ˈnɪrli hæv daɪd sɪns ðə wɔr ɔn drəgz bɪˈgæn ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, aʊt əv wɪʧ wər ˈkɪlɪŋz. hɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɪz jɛt tɪ bi ˈtɛstɪd, bət ðə lɑrʤ dəˈmɛstɪk ˈmɑrkɪt ˈsəmˈwət ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz əˈgɛnst ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl dɪˈvɛləpmənts, səʧ ɛz ðə prəˈtɛkʃənɪst ˈpɪvət əv ðə nu juz. ˈprɛzɪdənt. bət kəmˈpɛrəsənz bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz hæv bɪn meɪd, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ðə ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn kəmˈbætɪŋ kraɪm wɪθ ə ˈhɛvi hænd. ɔn treɪd ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ðoʊ ðɛr meɪ bi ə gæp. sɪns ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɔfəs, trəmp saɪnd ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈfɔrməli pʊl ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts aʊt əv ðə trænz pəˈsɪfɪk ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp əˈgrimənt ənd vaʊd tɪ ˌrinɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ fri treɪd əˈgrimənts. ðə læk əv səˈpɔrt frəm ðə juz. meɪks ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm vaɪəˈbɪləti əv ðə dil ən ˈəˈphɪl tæsk, ənd kʊd spɛl bæd nuz fər ˈkəntriz ɪn ðə ˈriʤən. ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz wɑz nɑt ə pɑrt əv ðə. "wi ər nɑt məʧ əv ən ˈkəntri kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ʤəˈpæn ənd ˈivɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg,", əˈsɪstənt ˌviˈpi ənd hɛd əv ˈɛkwəti ˈrisərʧ æt sɪˈkjʊrətiz, toʊld "skwɔk bɑks" ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. bət hi ˈædɪd ðət ˈrisənt ˈpɪvət təˈwɔrd ˈʧaɪnə, ənd əˈweɪ frəm trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈælaɪ ðə juz., wɑz ˈtaɪmli ənd wʊd rɪˈzəlt ɪn ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. wɪl ˈvɪzɪt ˈʧaɪnə ɪn meɪ tɪ əˈtɛnd ə ˌməltɪˈlætərəl ˈsəmɪt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrɔɪtərz, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt hɪz ˈsɛkənd ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ sɪns hi tʊk ˈɔfəs, ˈæftər hi ˈpəblɪkli bɪˈreɪtɪd ðə juz. ənd meɪd ˈoʊvərˌʧʊrz təˈwɔrd ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ. ˈrɔɪtərz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈplænɪŋ ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz, ərˈnɛstoʊ pernia*, sɛd ɪt ɪz "ˈhaɪli ˈlaɪkli" ðə ˈkəntri wɪl əˈʧiv ɪts pərˈsɛnt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ ˈtərgət fər ðɪs jɪr. bət, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðə roʊˈbəst groʊθ ɪn ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt nidz tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈpʊʃɪŋ fər ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈspɛndɪŋ ənd ˈəðər rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈproʊˌgræmz ɪn 2017 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈænəlɪsts. "wət ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ˈrɪli wɔnt ɪz səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti ɪn tərmz əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ," sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈnidɪd tɪ roʊl aʊt ˈkɑnˌtrækts ðət ər ɪn ðə ˈpaɪˌplaɪn. "wəns wi si ðət stɑrt tɪ pʊʃ θru, ðɪs wʊd ˈdɛfənətli səˈsteɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ." ˈædɪd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈnidɪd tɪ faɪnd weɪz tɪ brɪŋ ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ðə roʊˈbəst groʊθ ˈfɪgjərz tɪ ə ˈbrɔdər ˌdɛməˈgræfɪk ənd ɪkˈspænd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈproʊˌgræmz wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz' saʊnd ˈfɪskəl pəˈzɪʃən. "mɔr pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkæpɪtəl əv ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp bɪˈhaɪnd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rɪˈfɔrmz wʊd ˈlaɪkli bi rɪˈwɔrdɪd wɪθ geɪnz ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpin ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmɑrkɪts ənd ɪnˈʃʊr səˈsteɪnd ˈrɛlətɪvli haɪ ˈlɛvəl əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ɪkˈspænʧən," hi sɛd. ˈfɑloʊ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɔn tˈwɪtər ənd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk.

president rodrigo duterte concluded his first six months in office on a positive note as the philippines saw one of the fastest growth rates in asia in 2016, carrying over economic reforms from the previous government even as he burnishes a law-and-order image in a brutal extrajudicial crackdown on drug use. data published on thursday by the philippine statistics authority showed the economy grew by 6.8 percent for the year, with a 6.6 percent growth in gross domestic product (gdp) for the october-december quarter. the fourth-quarter saw the slowest pace of growth for the full year, which analysts attributed to weak agricultural production resulting from a series of typhoons and also from the lack of a one-time boost from election spending in the first half of the year. but the quarterly growth was higher than the 6.5 percent print from a year earlier. key drivers of growth for the quarter were manufacturing, trade, real estate, renting and business activities, according to the statistics authority, while the industrial sector saw the fastest growth at 7.6 percent on-year. "the current government has sustained the economic policies that have been responsible for a trend growth of 6.2 percent in the last six years," joey cuyegkeng, senior economist at ing, told cnbc by email, adding, "the economic team is also a solid team and has significant influence on the president's economic decisions." also guiding duterte's economic decisions is a 10-point economic plan, announced last june, which includes tax reforms, liberalizing foreign direct investments and increasing infrastructure spending to prop up domestic growth and fuel private consumption, which accounts for 70 percent of the economy. but duterte has also swung away from earlier policies on close ties with the former u.s. president barack obama over disputed islands that beijing claims in the south china sea and via the crackdown on drugs that has boosted his popularity even as reports and official figures suggest nearly 6,000 have died since the war on drugs began in july, out of which 3,841 were vigilante-style killings. his relationship with donald trump is yet to be tested, but the large domestic market somewhat insulates the philippines against international developments, such as the protectionist pivot of the new u.s. president. but comparisons between the two tough-talking politicians have been made, particularly the emphasis on combating crime with a heavy hand. on trade and economics though there may be a gap. since taking office, trump signed an executive order to formally pull the united states out of the 12-member trans pacific partnership agreement and vowed to renegotiate existing free trade agreements. the lack of support from the u.s. makes the long-term viability of the tpp deal an uphill task, and could spell bad news for trade-dependent countries in the region. the philippines was not a part of the tpp. "we are not much of an export-dependent country compared to japan and even hong kong," lexter azurin, assistant vp and head of equity research at unicapital securities, told cnbc's "squawk box" on thursday. but he added that duterte's recent pivot toward china, and away from traditional ally the u.s., was timely and would result in a limited impact on the economy in general. duterte will visit china in may to attend a multilateral summit, according to reuters, making it his second visit to beijing since he took office, after he publicly berated the u.s. and made overtures toward beijing. reuters also reported the economic planning secretary in the philippines, ernesto pernia, said it is "highly likely" the country will achieve its 6.5-7.5 percent economic growth target for this year. but, in order to continue the robust growth in the economy, the government needs to continue pushing for infrastructure spending and other related programs in 2017, according to analysts. "what investors really want is sustainability in terms of economic growth," azurin said, adding the government needed to roll out contracts that are in the pipeline. "once we see that start to push through, this would definitely sustain economic growth." ing's cuyegkeng added the government needed to find ways to bring the benefits of the robust growth figures to a broader demographic and expand economic and social programs without compromising the philippines' sound fiscal position. "more political capital of the leadership behind economic reforms would likely be rewarded with gains in the philippine financial markets and ensure sustained relatively high level of economic expansion," he said. — follow cnbc international on twitter and facebook.

ˈfoʊˌtoʊz baɪ ˈɛmɪli kərˈusoʊ moʊst ˈpipəl ləv tɪ it, soʊ wɪn ju ləv tɪ kʊk, ˈdɪnər ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈnɛvər tu təf tɪ kəm baɪ. ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn wən grup əv frɛndz ənd ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz ðət sim ə ˈlɪtəl ˈnərvəs əˈbaʊt ˈitɪŋ maɪ ˈkʊkɪŋ; ðɪs wʊd bi, ˈneɪmli, foʊks hu ər əˈfreɪd tɪ hæv ə ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən kʊk fər ðɛm. ðə ˈjuʒəwəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən həz tɪ du wɪθ səm ˌæprɪˈhɛnʃən ˈoʊvər wət pʊt ɪn ðə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ˈwɛðər ˈtoʊfu wɪl bi ən ˌɪnˈgridiənt. maɪ ˈstændərd rɪˈspɑns ɪz tɪ vaʊ tɪ meɪk ˈpɑstə. əˈfreɪd əv ˈpɑstə, ənd ˈpɑstə ˈʤɛnərəli hæv ˈtoʊfu ɪn ɪt. ðɪs wən dɪz. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli ɪˈnəf, ðə ˈpɑstə ðoʊz gɛsts ər moʊst ˈlaɪkli tɪ rɪkˈwɛst ɪz ðə wən ðət ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ θroʊ ˈtoʊfu ˈɪntu: ˌfɛtəˈʧini ˌælˈfreɪdoʊ. ðə θɪŋ ðət sɛts ðɪs wən əˈpɑrt frəm ˈɛni ðət ˈɛvər sərvd ɪz ðət ˈvɛgən, soʊ baʊnd tɪ bi səm ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd ˌɪnˈgridiənts ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kriˈeɪt ðə rɪʧ, ˈkrimi ˈgʊdnɪs maɪ ˈdɪnər ˈkəmpəˌni ˈʤɛnərəli siks. ˈkæˌʃuz wər ən ˈɑbviəs ʧɔɪs fər ə ˈvɛgən ˌælˈfreɪdoʊ sɔs. ðeɪ blɛnd əp smuð ənd ˈmɪlki, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ən aɪˈdil ˈsəbstəˌtut fər ðə ˈhɛvi krim faʊnd ɪn ˈklæsɪk ˌælˈfreɪdoʊ. ðə ˈtoʊfu ɪz ə bɪt lɛs ˈɑbviəs əv ə ʧɔɪs, bət ɪt gɪvz ðə sɔs ə nis ˈbɑdi, soʊ ɪt koʊts ðə ˈnudəlz ˈθɪkli, ʤɪst laɪk ˈdɛri ˈvərʒənz (wɪʧ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˌɪnˈklud ən ɛg joʊk). tɪ ˈrɪli ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ðə ˌfɛtəˈʧini ˌælˈfreɪdoʊ ɔl groʊn tɪ ləv, aɪ ˌɪnˈkludɪd səm ˈɔpʃənəl ˈkæˌʃu ˈpɑrməˌzɑn ɪn ðə ˈrɛsəpi. ðɪs pɑrt ən ˈæbsəˌlut rɪkˈwaɪrmənt, bət ɪf wən hu goʊz fər hips əv ˈɛkstrə ɔn jʊr ˈpɑstə, əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðə ˈtɛksʧər ənd maɪld tɑŋ ðət ðɪs ædz. ɪf ðə ˈtoʊfu skɛr jʊr ˈdɪnər gɛsts ɔf (ju noʊ, əˈsumɪŋ ju ədˈmɪtəd ˈtoʊfu ɪn hir), ˈbɛtɪŋ bi wɪθ səm keɪl ɪn ðɛr ˈvɛgən ˌfɛtəˈʧini ˌælˈfreɪdoʊ. ənd ðə keɪl ɪz ə ˈwɛlkəm əˈdɪʃən ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ðə ˌɪnˈkluʒən əv səm grinz meɪks mi fil ˈbɛtər əˈbaʊt ˈitɪŋ wən əv ðə moʊst ˈdɛkədənt ˈpɑstə ˈdɪʃɪz ɪn ɪgˈzɪstəns, bət bɪˈkəz ðə ˈfleɪvər əv səm ˈgɑrlɪki keɪl goʊz əˈmeɪzɪŋli wɛl wɪθ ðə maɪld əv ðə ˌælˈfreɪdoʊ sɔs. ðɪs poʊst wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 23 2014

photos by emily caruso most people love to eat, so when you love to cook, dinner company is never too tough to come by. there’s always been one group of friends and family members that seem a little nervous about eating my cooking; this would be, namely, folks who are afraid to have a vegetarian cook for them. the usual explanation has to do with some apprehension over what i’ll put in the food—in particular, whether tofu will be an ingredient. my standard response is to vow to make pasta. nobody’s afraid of pasta, and pasta doesn’t generally have tofu in it. well…except this one does. interestingly enough, the pasta those guests are most likely to request is the one that i’ve decided to throw tofu into: fettuccine alfredo. the thing that sets this one apart from any that i’ve ever served is that it’s vegan, so there’s bound to be some unexpected ingredients in order to create the rich, creamy goodness my dinner company generally seeks. cashews were an obvious choice for a vegan alfredo sauce. they blend up smooth and milky, making an ideal substitute for the heavy cream found in classic alfredo. the tofu is a bit less obvious of a choice, but it gives the sauce a nice body, so it coats the noodles thickly, just like dairy versions (which sometimes include an egg yolk). to really replicate the fettuccine alfredo we’ve all grown to love, i included some optional cashew parmesan in the recipe. this part isn’t an absolute requirement, but if you’re one who goes for heaps of extra cheesiness on your pasta, you’ll appreciate the texture and mild tang that this adds. if the tofu doesn’t scare your dinner guests off (you know, assuming you admitted there’s tofu in here), i’m betting they’ll be a-ok with some kale in their vegan fettuccine alfredo. and the kale is a welcome addition indeed—not just because the inclusion of some greens makes me feel better about eating one of the most decadent pasta dishes in existence, but because the flavor of some garlicky sautéed kale goes amazingly well with the mild creaminess of the alfredo sauce. this post was originally published on october 23, 2014.

ctv* vænˈkuvər ðə traɪəl fər ə vænˈkuvər pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər əˈkjuzd əv ˈpənʧɪŋ ə ˈsaɪkəlɪst ɪn ðə feɪs ˈoʊpənd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ wɪθ ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni frəm hɪz əˈlɛʤd ˈvɪktɪm. const*. ˈɪsmeɪl ənd əˈnəðər ˈɔfɪsər stɑpt ˈsaɪkəlɪst fər ˈrənɪŋ ə rɛd laɪt ənd ˈraɪdɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈhɛlmət ɪn ɪn mɑrʧ 2013 toʊld vænˈkuvər prəˈvɪnʃəl kɔrt hi sɛd ɪt wɑz "bʊlz***" ðət ˈɔfɪsərz wər ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪm ə ˈtɪkɪt ənd ðeɪ pleɪst ɪm ˈəndər ərˈɛst. hi ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ðət wɪn hɪz ɑrm wɑz tˈwɪstɪd bɪˈhaɪnd hɪz bæk, hi tərnd hɪz hɛd ənd wɑz pənʧt, ˈlivɪŋ ɪm wɪθ ə ʧɪpt tuθ, ə kət lɪp ənd ˈɪnʤəriz tɪ hɪz nɛk ənd ʤɔ. ðə ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən wɑz fɪlmd baɪ ə ˈbaɪˌstændər ənd ðə ˈfʊtɪʤ, wɪʧ spɑrkt ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ɔn ˈjuˌtub, wɑz ɛrd rɪˈpitɪdli ɪn kɔrt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. ɪt əˈpɪrz tɪ ʃoʊ ˈstraɪkɪŋ ðə ˈsaɪkəlɪst, hu æsks dɪd ju pənʧ me?”*?” ju wɑz resisting,”*,” rɪˈplaɪz. wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ pʊt maɪ kəfs ɔn ju ənd ju pʊld jʊr ɑrm away.”*.” ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə pəˈlis kəmˈpleɪnts kəˈmɪʃən ˈɔrdərd ən ɪkˈstərnəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˈjuˌtub ˈvɪdioʊ wiks ˈæftər ðə ərˈɛst, ənd wɑz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ wən kaʊnt əv əˈsɔlt ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər. hi həz ˈplidɪd nɑt ˈgɪlti. traɪəl ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ læst tu mɔr deɪz ənd hir ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni frəm ə juz əv fɔrs ˈɛkspərt. wɪθ ə rɪˈpɔrt frəm kərˈim

ctv vancouver the trial for a vancouver police officer accused of punching a cyclist in the face opened wednesday with testimony from his alleged victim. const. ismail bhabha and another officer stopped cyclist andishae akhavan-kharazi for running a red light and riding without a helmet in yaletown in march 2013. akhavan-kharazi told vancouver provincial court he said it was "bulls***" that officers were giving him a ticket and they placed him under arrest. he testified that when his arm was twisted behind his back, he turned his head and was punched, leaving him with a chipped tooth, a cut lip and injuries to his neck and jaw. the confrontation was filmed by a bystander and the footage, which sparked outrage on youtube, was aired repeatedly in court wednesday. it appears to show bhabha striking the cyclist, who asks “why did you punch me?” “because you was resisting,” bhabha replies. “i was trying to put my cuffs on you and you pulled your arm away.” the office of the police complaints commission ordered an external investigation into the youtube video weeks after the arrest, and bhabha was charged with one count of assault in september. he has pleaded not guilty. bhabha’s trial is expected to last two more days and hear testimony from a use of force expert. with a report from ctv vancouver’s nafeesa karim

•* ˈwɔlkɑt sɪz ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˈætəˌtud ʃʊd hæv hɪt ɪm jɪrz əˈgoʊ ˈwɛŋər toʊld ˈfɔrwərd hi məst dɪˈfɛnd mɔr fər ðə tim ˈθioʊ ˈwɔlkɑt bɪˈlivz hɪz ˈəpˌtərn ɪn fɔrm ɪz daʊn tɪ ə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˈætəˌtud ðət ʃʊd hæv ˈhæpənd fju jɪrz ago”*”. ˈʧæmpiənz lig ˈprivˌjuz: ðə ˈmæʧɪz tɪ wɔʧ ðɪs wik rɛd mɔr læst ˈsizən wɑz ə ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪŋ wən fər ˈwɔlkɑt, ˈkəlməˌneɪtɪŋ ɪn ɪm ˈmɪsɪŋ aʊt ɔn ðə ˈɪŋglənd skwɑd fər ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp. ˈæftər ə ˈsəmər əv rɪˈflɛkʃən ənd ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪθ ˈwɛŋər hi həz skɔrd θri goʊlz ɪn sɪks prɛˈmɪr lig geɪmz, əˈbændənɪŋ plænz tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ə ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. ɔl daʊn tɪ hɑrd work,”*,” ˈwɔlkɑt sɛd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈʧæmpiənz lig mæʧ æt hoʊm əˈgɛnst ˈbɑzəl. ənd ðə ˈmænɪʤər sæt daʊn ənd ʤɪst lʊkt æt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. aɪ noʊ wət aɪ kən du. aɪ wɔnt ðɪs tim tɪ du wɛl ənd ju kən si ðət ɪn maɪ dɪˈzaɪər ənd ðə weɪ pleɪɪŋ. aɪ wɔnt ɪt mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌwən ɛls bət ʤɪst mi ənd ðə weɪ ðət aɪ wərk naʊ. ə ʃeɪm, ˈmeɪbi ɪt ʃʊd hæv hɪt mi ə fju jɪrz əˈgoʊ bət bɪn ə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn maɪ hoʊl attitude.”*.” ˈwɔlkɑt ədˈmɪtəd ðət, fər naʊ æt list, hi həz ˈgɪvɪn əp ɔn bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə. kən pleɪ ˈɛniˌwɛr əˈkrɔs ðə laɪn bət aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ goʊ bæk tɪ wət aɪ noʊ bɛst ənd ðə pʊt soʊ məʧ feɪθ ɪn mi baɪ pleɪɪŋ mi ɔn ðə raɪˈthænd saɪd. aɪ nid tɪ kip ɔn riˈpeɪɪŋ ðət faith.”*.” ˈwɛŋər riˈsteɪtɪd hɪz səˈpɔrt fər ðə pleɪər hi saɪnd frəm ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən ɛz ə 17-year-old*, ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ hi hæd ˈnɛvər θɔt əˈbaʊt ˈsɛlɪŋ ˈwɔlkɑt, ˈivɪn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə dɪp ɪn fɔrm. kərɪr ɪz meɪd əv əps ənd downs,”*,” ðə ˈɑrsənəl ˈmænɪʤər sɛd. dɪd aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz stɪk wɪθ ɪm? bɪˈkəz aɪ θɪŋk hi ɪz æmˈbɪʃəs bət hi ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt ənd wɪθ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt ˈpipəl ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ə ʧæns. hi həz wət ðə bɪg pleɪərz hæv. ðeɪ hæv ə fɛr əˈsɛsmənt əv ðɛr pərˈfɔrmənsɪz ənd ðɛr ˈwiknəsɪz. hæd ə ʧæt wɪθ ɪm æt ðə stɑrt əv ðə ˈsizən ənd hi wɑz klɪr. hi həz əˈsɛst ɪt ɔl ənd keɪm tɪ ə kənˈkluʒən ðət lʊkt tɪ mi ˈvɛri ˈpɑzətɪv ənd waɪ aɪ θɔt hi dɪˈzərvz ə bɪg chance.”*.” ˈlɛstər ˈsɪti si ɔf ˈpɔrtoʊ θæŋks tɪ ˈsaɪnɪŋ ˌɪsˈlɑm rɛd mɔr ˈwɛŋər kənˈfərmd pɑrt əv hɪz ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ wɪθ ˈwɔlkɑt wɑz ðət, ɛz ə ˈwɪŋər, hi wʊd hæv tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut mɔr dɪˈfɛnsɪv wərk. həz ˌɪmˈpruvd, hi ʃoʊd ðət ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ [əˈgɛnst ˈʧɛlsi]. hi noʊz wɪn ju pleɪ ɔn ðə flæŋk, ju hæv tɪ æd ðət ʤɑb tɪ jʊr geɪm, bɪˈkəz təˈdeɪ ɔl ðə hu goʊ ˈfɔrwərd ər ˈdeɪnʤərəs. dɪˈspaɪt ðət hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kəmˈpit ɔn ðə flæŋk, ənd ɛz lɔŋ ɛz hi prəˈdusɪz ðiz kaɪnd əv pərˈfɔrmənsɪz, ˈoʊˈkeɪ wɪθ it.”*.” æst ˈwɛðər ˈwɔlkɑt wʊd pleɪ ɛz ə fər ˈɑrsənəl əˈgɛn, ˈwɛŋər wɑz noncommital*: əv ðə θɪŋz ɪn ɑr ʤɑb ɪz ðət ju kən ˈnɛvər seɪ never.”*.” əv ðə mæʧ ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˈwɔlkɑt sɛd hi bɪˈlivd ˈɑrsənəl wər ˈbɛtər ɪkˈwɪpt tɪ səkˈsid ɪn ðɪs ˈʧæmpiənz lig ˈæftər drɔɪŋ æt ˈpɛrɪs ənd ˈbitɪŋ ˈʧɛlsi æt hoʊm ɪn ðə lig. ˈɔlˌweɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ stɑrt ɔf wɛl ənd ˈmænɪʤd tɪ du ðət əˈgɛnst ə təf tim laɪk psg,”*,” hi sɛd. faʊnd ɪt kwaɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt bət wi ˈmænɪʤd tɪ gɪt ə rɪˈzəlt ənd ðə sɔrt əv tim gɑt ðɪs jɪr. ˈvɛri ɪkˈspɪriənst, ˈvɛri ˈbælənst ənd gɑt trɪˈmɛndəs peɪs ənd ˈɛnərʤi goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd. ɪn ˈpriviəs jɪrz faʊnd ɑr fərst geɪm æt ðə ˈɛmərˌeɪts kwaɪt təf bət ˈæftər ðə gʊd rɪˈzəlt wi nid tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ɑr ˈɛnərʤi ɪz gʊd again.”*.”

• walcott says change in attitude should have hit him years ago • arsène wenger told forward he must defend more for the team theo walcott believes his upturn in form is down to a change in attitude that should have happened “a few years ago”. champions league previews: the matches to watch this week read more last season was a disappointing one for walcott, culminating in him missing out on the england squad for the european championship. after a summer of reflection and a conversation with arsène wenger he has scored three goals in six premier league games, abandoning plans to establish himself as a centre-forward in the process. “it’s all down to hard work,” walcott said before arsenal’s champions league match at home against basel. “me and the manager sat down and i’ve just looked at myself. i know what i can do. i want this team to do well and you can see that in my desire and the way playing. i want it more than anyone else but that’s just me and the way that i work now. a shame, maybe it should have hit me a few years ago but there’s been a change in my whole attitude.” walcott admitted that, for now at least, he has given up on becoming a centre-forward. “i can play anywhere across the line but i wanted to go back to what i know best and the manager’s put so much faith in me by playing me on the right-hand side. i need to keep on repaying that faith.” wenger restated his support for the player he signed from southampton as a 17-year-old, insisting he had never thought about selling walcott, even during the dip in form. “theo’s career is made of ups and downs,” the arsenal manager said. “why did i always stick with him? because i think he is ambitious but he is intelligent and with intelligent people there is always a chance. he has what the big players have. they have a fair assessment of their performances and their weaknesses. “i had a chat with him at the start of the season and he was clear. he has assessed it all and came to a conclusion that looked to me very positive and that’s why i thought he deserves a big chance.” leicester city see off porto thanks to club-record signing islam slimani read more wenger confirmed part of his understanding with walcott was that, as a winger, he would have to contribute more defensive work. “he has improved, he showed that on saturday [against chelsea]. he knows when you play on the flank, you have to add that job to your game, because today all the full-backs who go forward are dangerous. despite that he wanted to compete on the flank, and as long as he produces these kind of performances, ok with it.” asked whether walcott would play as a centre-forward for arsenal again, wenger was noncommital: “one of the things in our job is that you can never say never.” of the match on wednesday, walcott said he believed arsenal were better equipped to succeed in this year’s champions league after drawing at paris saint-germain and beating chelsea 3-0 at home in the league. “it’s always important to start off well and we’ve managed to do that against a tough team like psg,” he said. “we found it quite difficult but we managed to get a result and that’s the sort of team we’ve got this year. we’re very experienced, very balanced and we’ve got tremendous pace and energy going forward. in previous years we’ve found our first game at the emirates quite tough but after the weekend’s good result we need to make sure our energy is good again.”

ðə ˈfaɪnəl wik əv 2011 sɔ ˈsɛvərəl ˈbɪznɪs ˈstɔriz ðət traɪd tɪ flaɪ ˈəndər ðə ˈreɪˌdɑr (nən ˈfeɪlɪŋ kwaɪt soʊ spɛkˈtækjələrli ɛz 2 fi), ənd ðə wən ðət meɪ ɛnd əp ˈhævɪŋ ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpækt ɪn 2012 ɪz ðə ˈbætəl ˈoʊvər ðə stɑp ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈpaɪrəsi ækt. ðə prəˈpoʊzd wɑz ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər baɪ ˈtɛksəs rɪˈpəblɪkən lɑˈmɑr smɪθ ənd goʊz baɪ ðə ˈækrənɪm ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ meɪk ə pleɪ æt ˈtəfənɪŋ riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ðə ˌdjupləˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈʃɛrɪŋ əv ˈkɑpiˌraɪtɪd məˈtɪriəlz ɔn ðə wɛb. bət ˈpɑrtiz ɔn boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə ˈɪʃu ər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðət əˈpɪnjənz ɔn ər nɑt ɛz blæk ənd waɪt ɛz ðeɪ maɪt hæv simd. noʊ ˈsɪŋgəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən həz fɛlt ðə stɪŋ əv mɔr ˈkinli ðən ˈɪntərˌnɛt doʊˈmeɪn ˈrɛʤɪˌstrɑr goʊ ˈdædi. ənˈlaɪk ˈmɛni ˈəðər juz. tɛk ˈkəmpəˌniz səʧ ɛz ˈgugəl ənd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, wɪʧ ˈpəblɪkli keɪm aʊt əˈgɛnst ɛz biɪŋ tu riˈstrɪktɪv, goʊ ˈdædi tʊk ə lɛd tɪ ə ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˈgræsˈruts kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. ɪn leɪt dɪˈsɛmbər, ə ˈkɑmɛnt θrɛd ɔn ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə saɪt ˈpɑzətəd, səˈpɔrts, trænsˈfərɪŋ 51 doʊˈmeɪnz səˈʤɛstɪŋ ə muv jʊr doʊˈmeɪn day,”*,” ə ˈnoʊʃən ðət kˈwɪkli geɪnd səˈpɔrt ənd sprɛd ən ˈdædi ˈmɛsɪʤ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. æt ˈɪʃu ɪz ðə ˈlætəˌtud ðə bɪl prəˈvaɪdz tɪ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ðə juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈpənɪʃɪŋ ðoʊz hu fɔl wɪˈθɪn ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt. ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈbɔɪˌkɑt ənd ˈʤɛnərəl ˈdædi ˈvɪtriəl wər sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ɪˈnəf tɪ lɛd ˈkəmpəˌni ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈwɔrən ˈɛdəlmən tɪ əˈfɪʃəli rɪˈvərs ðə stæns. ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt riˈlist ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 23 ˈɛdəlmən sɛd, ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈpaɪrəsi ɪz əv ðə ˈətˌmoʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ goʊ ˈdædi həz bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ hɛlp kræft riˈvɪʒənz tɪ ðɪs wi kən ˈklɪrli du ˈbɛtər. ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət ɔl ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsteɪˌkhoʊldərz wərk təˈgɛðər ɔn ðɪs. goʊ ˈdædi wɪl səˈpɔrt ɪt wɪn ənd ɪf ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt kəmˈjunɪti səˈpɔrts it.”*.” ðə ˈsteɪtmənt goʊz ɔn tɪ noʊt:

the final week of 2011 saw several business stories that tried to fly under the end-of-year radar (none failing quite so spectacularly as verizon’s ill-fated $2 bill-pay fee), and the one that may end up having the most impact in 2012 is the battle over the stop online piracy act. the proposed anti-piracy legislation—which was introduced in october by texas republican lamar smith and goes by the acronym sopa—is an attempt to make a play at toughening restrictions on the duplication and sharing of copyrighted materials on the web. but parties on both sides of the issue are finding that opinions on sopa are not as black and white as they might have seemed. no single organization has felt the sting of sopa more keenly than internet domain registrar go daddy. unlike many other u.s. tech companies such as google and facebook, which publically came out against sopa as being too restrictive, go daddy took a pro-sopa stance—which led to a widespread grassroots campaign against the company. in late december, a comment thread on the social media site reddit posited, “godaddy supports sopa, i’m transferring 51 domains & suggesting a move your domain day,” a notion that quickly gained support and spread an anti-go daddy message across the internet. at issue is the latitude the bill provides to enforcement agencies—specifically the u.s. department of justice—in punishing those who fall within the legislation’s definition of copyright infringement. the proposed boycott and general anti-go daddy vitriol were significant enough to lead company ceo warren adelman to officially reverse the company’s pro-sopa stance. in a statement released on december 23, adelman said, “fighting online piracy is of the utmost importance, which is why go daddy has been working to help craft revisions to this legislation—but we can clearly do better. . . it’s very important that all internet stakeholders work together on this. . . go daddy will support it when and if the internet community supports it.” the statement goes on to note:

əˈgrid, bət aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ɪt nidz ə juʤ əˈʤəstmənt. ðə ˈrisɔrs ˈprɛvələns (æt list ɔn ˈstændərd) simz tɪ ˈproʊdus ə ˈlɪtəl tu ˈmɛni ˈhɔrsɪz ənd koʊl (ˈmoʊstli tu məʧ koʊl) bət nɑt ɪˈnəf aɪərn. aɪv pleɪd mɔr ðən wən geɪm ˈjuzɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈsɛvərəl mənθs wɛr ðɛr wɑz ˈlɪtərəli 0 aɪərn ˈrisɔrsɪz wɪˈθɪn 12 əv maɪ ˈkæpɪtəl ˈsɪti ənd ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ aɪ kʊd gɪt aɪərn wɑz θru əˈlaɪənsɪz ər ˈtreɪdɪŋ. ɛz ə vɪk ðət kən bi faɪn, bət ɪf aɪ wər pleɪɪŋ ɛz ˈzuˌlu ər ʤəˈpæn ər soʊ fɔrθ ənd spɔnd wɪθ noʊ aɪərn ˈɛniˌwɛr nɪr maɪ ˈkæpɪtəl aɪd bi ˈprɪti skrud ˈoʊvər. aɪv sin ðɪs ˈhæpən ˈɔfən ɪˈnəf ðət aɪl meɪk ə rɪkˈwɛst əˈbaʊt ɪt ˈleɪtər. klɪk tɪ ɪkˈspænd...

agreed, but i don't think it needs a huge adjustment. the communitas resource prevalence (at least on standard) seems to produce a little too many horses and coal (mostly too much coal) but not enough iron. i've played more than one game using communitas over the last several months where there was literally 0 iron resources within 12 hexes of my capital city and the only way i could get iron was through cs alliances or trading. as a non-domination vic civ that can be fine, but if i were playing as zulu or japan or so forth and spawned with no iron anywhere near my capital i'd be pretty screwed over. i've seen this happen often enough that i'll make a github request about it later. click to expand...

doʊnt hoʊld jʊr brɛθ, bət fˈjuʧər hɪˈstɔriənz meɪ lʊk bæk ɔn 2015 ɛz ðə jɪr ðət ðə riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi əˈsɛndənsi bɪˈgæn, ðə ˈmoʊmənt wɪn ðə wərld ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ muv dɪˈsaɪsɪvli əˈweɪ frəm ɪts rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz. ðoʊz fjuəlz ɔɪl, ˈnæʧərəl gæs, ənd koʊl wɪl, əv kɔrs, kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈdɑməˌneɪt ðə ˈɛnərʤi ˈlænˌskeɪp fər jɪrz tɪ kəm, ˈædɪŋ ˈbɪljənz əv tənz əv ˈkɑrbən tɪ ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr. fər ðə fərst taɪm, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət ə ʃɪft tɪ riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi ˈsɔrsəz ɪz ˈgeɪnɪŋ moʊˈmɛntəm. ɪf səˈsteɪnd, ɪt wɪl hæv moʊˈmɛntəs ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə wərld ɪˈkɑnəmi ɛz proʊˈfaʊnd ɛz ðə ʃɪft frəm wʊd tɪ koʊl ər koʊl tɪ ɔɪl ɪn ˈpriviəs ˈsɛnʧəriz. ˈgloʊbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ həz, əv kɔrs, lɔŋ bɪn paʊərd baɪ ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ səˈplaɪ əv ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz, əˈspɛʃəli pəˈtroʊliəm. bɪˈgɪnɪŋ wɪθ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈkəntriz ðət səkˈsidɪd ɪn ˈmæstərɪŋ ðə ɛkˈstrækʃən ənd ˌjutələˈzeɪʃən əv ɔɪl geɪnd ˌɪˈmɛns ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl paʊər, waɪl ˈkəntriz wɪθ juʤ rɪˈzərvz əv ɔɪl tɪ ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt ənd sɛl, laɪk kuˈweɪt ənd ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, bɪˈkeɪm ˈfæbjuləsli ˈwɛlθi. ðə ʤaɪənt ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət ˌɛnʤəˈnird ðə raɪz əv pəˈtroʊliəm meɪd ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈprɑfɪts, əˈkjumjəˌleɪtɪd væst wɛlθ, ənd gru ˌɪˈmɛnsli ˈpaʊərfəl. nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli, ðə ɔɪl steɪts ənd ðoʊz ˈɛnərʤi ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz kənˈtɪnju tɪ drim əv ə fˈjuʧər ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ wɪl pleɪ ə ˈdɑmənənt roʊl. "ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ər ɑr moʊst ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ ˈɛnərʤi sɔrs", sɛd ˈɑli al-naimi*, ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiəz ˈmɪnɪstər əv pəˈtroʊliəm ənd ˈmɪnərəl ˈrisɔrsɪz, ɪn ˈeɪprəl 2013 "ðeɪ ər ðə ˈdraɪvɪŋ fɔrs əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, ənd fər məʧ əv ðə dɪˈvɛləpt ənd dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ wərld [ənd] ðeɪ hæv ðə kəˈpæsɪti tɪ səˈsteɪn ˈjuˈɛs wɛl ˈɪntu ðə fˈjuʧər." ðə fˈjuʧər wɪl nɑt bi laɪk ðə pæst bət nu dɪˈvɛləpmənts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə səˈpraɪzɪŋ sərʤ ɪn wɪnd ənd ˈsoʊlər ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃənz, səˈʤɛst ðət ɔɪlz ˈdɑmənəns meɪ nɑt pruv ɛz ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ ɛz ˌɪˈmæʤənd. "ˈræpədli ˈsprɛdɪŋ ˈsoʊlər tɛkˈnɑləʤi kʊd ʧeɪnʤ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ", ˈɛnərʤi ˈænəlɪst nɪk ˈbətlər ˈrisəntli roʊt ɪn ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl taɪmz. "ðɛr ɪz groʊɪŋ ˈɛvədəns ðət səm ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ər ˈkəmɪŋ ðət wɪl ˈoʊvər taɪm pʊt ə kˈwɛʃən mɑrk ˈoʊvər ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ɪn oʊld ˈɛnərʤi ˈsɪstəmz." ˈnɔrməli, trænˈzɪʃənz frəm wən ˈɛnərʤi ˈsɪstəm tɪ əˈnəðər teɪk ˈmɛni ˈdɛkeɪdz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈvɑˌklɑv əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə, ðə ʃɪft frəm wʊd tɪ koʊl ənd koʊl tɪ ɔɪl iʧ tʊk 50 jɪrz. ðə seɪm lɛŋθ əv taɪm, hi həz ˈɑrgjud, wɪl bi ˈnidɪd tɪ kəmˈplit ðə trænˈzɪʃən tɪ, wɪʧ wʊd liv ˈɛni grin ˈɛnərʤi ˈɪrə ɪn ðə ˈdɪstənt fˈjuʧər. "ðə sloʊ peɪs əv ðɪs ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃən ɪz nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋ", hi roʊt ɪn ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk əˈmɛrɪkən. "ɪn fækt, ɪt ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd." æˈnælɪsɪs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əˈsumz tu θɪŋz: fərst, ðət ə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ɪn wɪʧ dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts wɪl ˈlɑrʤli bi meɪd wɪˈθɪn ðə seɪm ˈaʊˌtlʊk ɛz ɪn ðə pæst wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ prɪˈveɪl; ənd ˈsɛkənd, ðət ɪt wɪl teɪk ˈdɛkeɪdz fər tɪ bɛst ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ɪn tərmz əv kɔst ənd ˌpræktɪˈkæləti. boʊθ əˈsəmpʃənz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əˈpɪr ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli flɔd. kənˈsərn ˈoʊvər ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈɔltərɪŋ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈlænˌskeɪp, waɪl ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn wɪnd ənd ˈsoʊlər tɛkˈnɑləʤi ər əˈkərɪŋ æt ən ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri reɪt, ˈræpədli ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ðə praɪs ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz. "ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ʧeɪnʤ ɪz klɪr", ˈbətlər raɪts. wɪθ ðə kɔst əv riˈnuəbəl ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃənz ˈfɑlɪŋ, ˈsoʊlər paʊər həz muvd "frəm biɪŋ ə nɪʧ səˈplaɪər tɪ biɪŋ ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈriʤənəl kəmˈpɛtɪtər [tɪ ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz]." ˈɛkspərts ˈlɑrʤli əˈgri ðət wɪl kleɪm ə ˈlɑrʤər ʃɛr əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈɛnərʤi ˈbəʤɪt ɪn ðə jɪrz əˈhɛd. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, moʊst ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈænəlɪsts kənˈtɪnju tɪ bɪˈliv ðət ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz wɪl bi ðə ˈdɑmənənt fɔrm əv ˈɛnərʤi fər ˈdɛkeɪdz tɪ kəm. ðə ˈjuˈɛs dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈɛnərʤi (doʊ) ˈtɪpɪkəli prɪˈdɪkts ðət ðə ʃɛr əv wərld ˈɛnərʤi prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ, ˈnukliər, ənd ˈhaɪˌdroʊ kəmˈbaɪnd wɪl klaɪm frəm 17 ɪn 2015 tɪ ə mɪr 22 ɪn 2040 ˈhɑrdli ʧeɪnʤ ɔn ə skeɪl ðət wʊd θˈrɛtən ðə prɪˈdɑmənəns əv ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz. ðɛr ər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, fɔr ki trɛnz ðət kʊd spid ðə trænˈzɪʃən tɪ ɪn ˈstraɪkɪŋ weɪz: ðə wərldz groʊɪŋ dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən tɪ pʊt ə breɪk ɔn ðə ədˈvæns əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ; ə si ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˈʧaɪnəz stæns ɔn groʊθ ənd ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt; ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ɪmˈbreɪs əv grin ˈɛnərʤi ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ wərld; ənd ðə groʊɪŋ əˌfɔrdəˈbɪləti əv riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi. ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ˈsɪriəsli rɪˈzɪstəns tɪ ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ənd wɛl ɪnˈtrɛnʧt. ɛz neɪˈoʊmi klaɪn ˈdɑkjəmənts ɪn hər ˈleɪtəst bʊk, ðɪs ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ, ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈfɑsəl fjuəl ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv ˈmaʊnɪd kæmˈpeɪnz fər jɪrz tɪ soʊ daʊt əˈbaʊt ðə ˌriˈæləˌti əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ, waɪl ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz, ˈɔfən ɪn ðɛr peɪ, hæv əbˈstrəktɪd ˈɛfərts tɪ pleɪs rɪˈstreɪnts ɔn ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈmɛni ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈpipəl hæv bɪn rɪˈləktənt tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ wəts ˈhæpənɪŋ ənd soʊ kənˈsɪdər stɛps tɪ brɪŋ ɪt ˈəndər kənˈtroʊl (ə fəˈnɑməˌnɑn ɪgˈzæmənd baɪ ʤɔrʤ ˈmɑrʃəl ɪn doʊnt ˈivɪn θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt). ɛz ðə ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈifɛkts əv ɪkˈstrim ˈwɛðər, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ draʊts, flədz, ənd ˈɛvər mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl stɔrmz, geɪn ˈgreɪtər ˈprɑmənəns ɪn ˈɛvriˈdeɪ laɪf, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɔl əv ðɪs ɪz ˈklɪrli ɪn fləks. kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈɛvədəns kən bi əˈsɛmbəld tɪ səˈpɔrt ðɪs əˈsɛsmənt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈrisənt ˈpoʊlɪŋ ˈdætə, bət pərˈhæps ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən əv ðɪs ʃɪft kən bi faʊnd ɪn ðə plænz ˈmeɪʤər ˈneɪʃənz ər naʊ səbˈmɪtɪŋ tɪ ˈjuˈɛn əˈθɔrətiz ɪn ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən fər ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈklaɪmɪt ˈsəmɪt tɪ bi hɛld ðɪs dɪˈsɛmbər ɪn ˈpɛrɪs. ˈəndər ə ˈmɛʒər əˈdɑptəd baɪ ˈdɛləˌgeɪts tɪ ðə moʊst ˈrisənt ˈsəmɪt, hɛld læst dɪˈsɛmbər ɪn ˈlimə, pəru, ɔl ˈpɑrtiz tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛn ˈfreɪmˌwərk kənˈvɛnʃən ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ (unfccc*) ər əˈblaɪʤd tɪ səbˈmɪt dɪˈteɪld ˈækʃən plænz noʊn ɛz 'ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈnæʃənəli dɪˈtərmənd ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz' (indcs*) tɪ ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈklaɪmɪt ˈɛfərt. ðiz plænz, fər ðə moʊst pɑrt, hæv ˈpruvən tɪ bi ˌɪmˈprɛsɪvli təf ənd æmˈbɪʃəs. mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt jɛt, ðə ˈnəmbərz biɪŋ ˈɔfərd wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈkɑrbən rɪˈdəkʃən wʊd hæv bɪn ˌɪnkənˈsivəbəl ˈoʊnli ə fju jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ðə ˈjuˈɛs plæn, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈprɑməsəz ðət ˈnæʃənəl ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz wɪl drɔp bɪˈloʊ 2005 ˈlɛvəlz baɪ 2025 wɪʧ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə səbˈstænʃəl rɪˈdəkʃən. ðɛr ər, əv kɔrs, ˈmɛni ˈɑbstəkəlz tɪ əˈʧivɪŋ ðɪs goʊl, moʊst ˈnoʊtəbli ðə ˈdaɪˌhɑrd rɪˈzɪstəns əv rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtərz wɪθ strɔŋ taɪz tɪ ðə ˈfɑsəl fjuəl ˈɪndəstri. ðə waɪt haʊs ˌɪnˈsɪsts, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈmɛʒərz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə kən bi əˈʧivd θru ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv brænʧ ˈækʃən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ kərbz ɔn ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz frəm koʊl plænts ənd ˈmænˌdeɪtɪd ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn ðə fjuəl ɪˈfɪʃənsi əv kɑz ənd trəks. ˈəðər ˈkəntriz hæv səbˈmɪtəd ˈsɪmələrli æmˈbɪʃəs indcs*. ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, həz plɛʤd tɪ kæp ɪts ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz baɪ 2026 ənd tɪ əˈʧiv ə 22 rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn ˈgrinˌhaʊs gæs ˈlɛvəlz baɪ 2030 ɪts kəˈmɪtmənt ɪz kənˈsɪdərd əˈspɛʃəli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt, sɪns ɪts ðə fərst səʧ plɛʤ baɪ ə ˈmeɪʤər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈneɪʃən. "ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ɪz ˈsɛtɪŋ ən ɪgˈzæmpəl fər ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld baɪ səbˈmɪtɪŋ ən ðət ɪz ˈtaɪmli, klɪr, æmˈbɪʃəs, ənd səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ roʊˈbəst, ˌənkənˈdɪʃənəl ˈpɑləsi kəˈmɪtmənts", ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə waɪt haʊs ˈnoʊtɪd ɪn ə kənˈgræʧələˌtɔri ˈsteɪtmənt. noʊ wən kən prɪˈdɪkt ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ðə dɪˈsɛmbər ˈklaɪmɪt ˈsəmɪt, bət fju əbˈzərvərz ɪkˈspɛkt ðə ˈmɛʒərz ɪt meɪ ɛnˈdɔrs tɪ bi təf ɪˈnəf tɪ kip fˈjuʧər ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ˈgloʊbəl ˈtɛmpərəʧərz bɪˈloʊ tu dɪˈgriz ˈsɛlsiəs, ðə ˈmæksəməm əˈmaʊnt moʊst ˈsaɪəntɪsts bɪˈliv ðə ˈplænət kən əbˈzɔrb wɪˈθaʊt ˌɪnˈkərɪŋ ˈklaɪmɪt dɪˈzæstərz fɑr bɪɔnd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ sin tɪ deɪt. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə indcs*, ər ˈivɪn ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈpɔrʃən əv ðɛm, wʊd æt list ˈproʊdus ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn ˈfɑsəl fjuəl kənˈsəmʃən ənd pɔɪnt ðə weɪ tɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt fˈjuʧər. ə si ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ʧaɪˈniz ˈɛnərʤi bɪˈheɪvjər əv ˈikwəl ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns ɪz ˈʧaɪnəz ˈɛvədənt dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən tɪ rɪˈdus ɪts rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ʧeɪnʤ ɪn stæns, ˈgɪvɪn ɪts prɑˈʤɛktəd ˈɛnərʤi nidz ɪn ðə ˈdɛkeɪdz tɪ kəm. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə doʊ, ˈʧaɪnəz ʃɛr əv wərld ˈɛnərʤi kənˈsəmʃən ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ʤəmp frəm ən ɔˈrɛdi ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv 19 ɪn 2010 tɪ 27 ɪn 2040 wɪθ moʊst əv ɪts ˈædɪd ˈɛnərʤi ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz. ʃʊd ðɪs ˌɪnˈdid əˈkər, ˈʧaɪnə wʊd kənˈsum əˈnəðər 88 ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈθərməl ˈjunɪts əv səʧ ˈɛnərʤi ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst 30 jɪrz, ər 43 əv ɔl ˈædɪd ˈfɑsəl fjuəl kənˈsəmʃən ˈwərldˈwaɪd. soʊ ˈɛni sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt muvz baɪ ˈʧaɪnə tɪ rɪˈdus ɪts rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn ðoʊz ˈɛnərʤi ˈsɔrsəz, ɛz naʊ biɪŋ ˈprɑməst baɪ ˈsinjər ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz, wʊd hæv ən ˈaʊtˌsaɪzd ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈɛnərʤi ɪkˈweɪʒən. ˈʧaɪnə həz nɑt jɛt səbˈmɪtəd ɪts, bət ɪts plæn ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪt ðə kəˈmɪtmənts meɪd baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ʃi ɪn ə ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪn ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ læst noʊˈvɛmbər. ʃi ˈprɑməst tɪ kæp ˈʧaɪnəz ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz baɪ 2030 ənd ˌɪnˈkris ðə ʃɛr əv fjuəlz ɪn ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈɛnərʤi kənˈsəmʃən tɪ əraʊnd 20 baɪ ðət taɪm. hi ˈɔlsoʊ əˈgrid tɪ wərk wɪθ ðə ˈjuˈɛs "tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪl riʧ əˈgrimənt ɛz ˈskɛʤʊld æt ðə ˈpɛrɪs ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn 2015 ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ʧaɪˈniz plæn əˈlaʊz fər kənˈtɪnjud groʊθ ɪn ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz fər əˈnəðər 15 jɪrz, ɪt səbˈstænʃəli rɪˈdusɪz ðə əˈmaʊnt əv nu ˈɛnərʤi ðət wɪl bi dəraɪvd frəm ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə waɪt haʊs ˈsteɪtmənt, "ɪt wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈʧaɪnə tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ ən əˈdɪʃənəl əv ˈnukliər, wɪnd, ˈsoʊlər, ənd ˈəðər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən kəˈpæsɪti baɪ 2030 mɔr ðən ɔl ðə paʊər plænts ðət ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ˈʧaɪnə təˈdeɪ." ɪt əˈpɪrz, mɔˈroʊvər, ðət ʧaɪˈniz ˈlidərz ər pərˈpɛrɪŋ tɪ muv ˈivɪn ˈfæstər ðən ðɛr plɛʤ wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ɪn trænˈzɪʃənɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz. ˈəndər ˈprɛʃər frəm ˈərbən ˈrɛzɪdənts tɪ rɪˈdus ˈpənɪʃɪŋ ˈlɛvəlz əv smɑg, ðə əˈθɔrətiz hæv əˈnaʊnst æmˈbɪʃəs plænz tɪ ˈlɛsən rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn koʊl fər ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ənd rɪˈlaɪ ˌɪnˈstɛd ɔn ˈhaɪdroʊˌpaʊr, ˈnukliər, wɪnd, ənd ˈsoʊlər paʊər, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈnæʧərəl gæs. "wi wɪl straɪv fər ɪn ðə kənˈsəmʃən əv koʊl ɪn ki ˈɛriəz əv ðə ˈkəntri", prɛˈmɪr li toʊld ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈpipəlz ˈkɑŋgrəs, ˈʧaɪnəz ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər, ðɪs mɑrʧ. ɛz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈlidərˌʃɪp wɪl feɪs ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən frəm ɪnˈtrɛnʧt ˈfɑsəl fjuəl ˈɪntərɪsts, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈloʊkəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈstrəkʧərz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr ˈɛvədənt dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən tɪ rɪˈdus rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn ɔɪl ənd koʊl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə ril ʧeɪnʤ əv mud ənd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ. ɪts ˈlaɪkli tɪ rɪˈzəlt ɪn ə fɑr ˈdɪfərənt ˈɛnərʤi ˈlænˌskeɪp ðən ðə wən leɪd aʊt baɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈɛnərʤi ənd, ənˈtɪl ˈrisəntli, moʊst ˈəðər ˈɛkspərts. dɪˈspaɪt rɪˈpitɪd priˈdɪkʃənz əv koʊl kənˈsəmʃən, fər ˈɪnstəns, ˈʧaɪnə ˈæˌkʧuəli bərnd lɛs koʊl ɪn 2014 ðən ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs jɪr, ðə fərst səʧ dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ˈdɛkeɪdz. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ɪt ˌɪnˈkrist ɪts ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔn riˈnuəbəl fɔrmz əv ˈɛnərʤi baɪ ən ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv 33 ɪn 2014 ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ə ˈtoʊtəl əv ˈbɪljən ðə moʊst ˈɛvər spɛnt baɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈkəntri ɪn wən jɪr tɪ ə riˈnuəbəl fˈjuʧər. ɪf ˈʧaɪnə lidz ðə weɪ ˈgloʊbəli ənd səʧ trɛnz kənˈtɪnju, ðə trænˈzɪʃən frəm ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz tɪ wɪl əˈkər fɑr ˈsunər ðən ɪkˈspɛktɪd. grin goʊz ˈgloʊbəl ðə ʤaɪənt ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv lɔŋ ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ðə moʊst ədˈvænst ˈkəntriz, lɛd baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ʤəˈpæn, ənd ˈjʊrəp, wʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli trænˈzɪʃən frəm ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz tɪ, bət ðeɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈneɪʃənz ˈigər tɪ ɪkˈspænd ðɛr ɪˈkɑnəmiz bət tu pur tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈɛnərʤi wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ɪn ə bɪg weɪ. ðɪs ˈaʊˌtlʊk lɛd ənd ˈəðər ɔɪl fərmz tɪ meɪk ˈmæsɪv ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ɪn nu rɪˈfaɪnəriz, ˈpaɪˌplaɪnz, ənd ˈəðər ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər eɪmd æt ˈsætɪsˌfaɪɪŋ ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd dɪˈmænd frəm ðə ˈgloʊbəl saʊθ. bət səˈpraɪz, səˈpraɪz: ðoʊz ˈkəntriz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊɪŋ ˈɛvəri saɪn əv ˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ɪn ðɛr draɪv tɪ ɪkˈspænd ˈɛnərʤi ˈaʊtˌpʊt. ðə ˈgloʊbəl saʊθs səˈpraɪzɪŋli ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk ɪmˈbreɪs əv ɪz ˌɪmˈprɛsɪvli ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ɪn ˈgloʊbəl trɛnz ɪn riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt 2015 ə ˈrisənt kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ˈfræŋkfərt skul əv ˈfaɪˌnæns ənd ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd ðə ˈjuˈɛn ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈproʊˌgræm. ɪt rɪˈpɔrts ðət ðə dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz, ɪkˈskludɪŋ ˈʧaɪnə, spɛnt 30 ˈbɪljən ɔn ɪn 2014 ə səbˈstænʃəl raɪz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpriviəs jɪr. təˈgɛðər wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə, ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ wərld ˈtoʊtəld ˈnɪrli ɛz məʧ ɛz ðət spɛnt baɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpt ˈkəntriz ðət jɪr. sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔn wər ˈrɛʤɪstərd baɪ brəˈzɪl (fər ə ˈtoʊtəl əv ˈbɪljən), ˈɪndiə ˈbɪljən), ənd saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ ˈbɪljən); ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts əv 1 ˈbɪljən ər mɔr wər ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ ˈʧɪli, ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə, ˈkɛnjə, ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ənd ˈtərki. ˈgɪvɪn haʊ ˈlɪtəl səʧ ˈkəntriz wər dɪˈvoʊtɪŋ tɪ ə riˈnuəbəl fˈjuʧər ʤɪst ə fju jɪrz əˈgoʊ, kənˈsɪdər ðɪs ə saɪn əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ taɪmz. noʊ lɛs ˈstraɪkɪŋ ɪz ðə dɪˈgri tɪ wɪʧ ˈkəntriz ər bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ ɪmˈbreɪs grin ˈɛnərʤi. ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə duˈbaɪ ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ənd ˈwɔtər əˈθɔrəti əˈwɔrdɪd ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt tɪ ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiəz paʊər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl tɪ bɪld ə 200-megawatt*, 330 ˈmɪljən ˈsoʊlər ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti plænt. ðə dil rɪˈsivd ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd əˈtɛnʃən, ɛz ˈprɑməst tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti frəm ðə plænt fər pər megawatt-hour*, ˌwənˈθərd lɛs ðən ðə kɔst əv ˈnæʧərəl ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən. "ðɪs ɪz ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈbreɪkθˌru ɪn ðə ˈɛmərˌeɪts ənd ə klɪr ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən əv ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃən", səˈʤɛstɪd mɑrk luɪs əv ˈkɛplər cheuvreux*, ə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈkəmpəˌni. "wi θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz ə ˈlændˌmɑrk dil boʊθ ɪn tərmz əv ðə ɪkˈstrimli kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv kɔst æt wɪʧ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt wɪl ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt paʊər ənd ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər ə məʧ ˈgreɪtər əv ɪn ˈkəntriz ðət hæv soʊ fɑr bɪn sloʊ tɪ ɪmˈbreɪs ðɛm." ðə ˈfɑlɪŋ praɪs əv ɛz ðə duˈbaɪ dil ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts, praɪs ɪz pleɪɪŋ ə ˈkruʃəl roʊl ɪn ðə ʃɪft frəm ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz tɪ. ˈlɪsən tɪ ðə əˈpɔsəlz əv koʊl ənd ɔɪl ənd jʊd θɪŋk ðət pur ˈkəntriz hæd noʊ ʧɔɪs bət tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ðɛr ˈʧoʊzən fɔrm əv ˈɛnərʤi bɪˈkəz əv ɪts loʊ kɔst kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈəðər fjuəlz. "ðɛr ər stɪl ˈhənərdz əv ˈmɪljənz, ˈbɪljənz əv ˈpipəl ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈæbʤɛkt ˈpɑvərti əraʊnd ðə wərld", sɛd rɛks tillerson*, ðə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ənd ˈʧɛrmən əv. "ðeɪ nid ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ðeɪ kən kaʊnt ɔn, ðət ðeɪ kən əˈfɔrd ðeɪd ləv tɪ bərn ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz bɪˈkəz ðɛr kˈwɑləti əv laɪf wʊd raɪz ˌɪˈmɛʒərˌæbli, ənd ðɛr kˈwɑləti əv hɛlθ ənd ðə hɛlθ əv ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən ənd ðɛr fˈjuʧər wʊd raɪz ˌɪˈmɛʒərˌæbli." ənˈtɪl ˈrisəntli, ðɪs wʊd hæv bɪn ˈgɔspəl əˈməŋ ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈɛnərʤi ˈɛkspərts, bət ðə kɔst əv, əˈspɛʃəli ˈsoʊlər paʊər, ɪz ˈdrɑpɪŋ soʊ ˈræpədli ðət, ˈivɪn ɪn ə ˈmoʊmənt wɪn ðə praɪs əv ɔɪl həz bɪn hævd, ðə nuz ɔn ðə hərˈaɪzən ˈkʊdənt bi ˈklɪrər: ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˌgɛrənˈtid ə praɪs ædˈvæntɪʤ ɪn dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ˈɛnərʤi tɪ dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz. əˈməŋ ðə ˈhɑrbɪŋərz əv ðɪs ʧeɪnʤ: ðə kɔst əv ˈsoʊlər ˌfoʊtəˌvoʊlˈteɪɪk sɛlz (pvs*) həz plənʤd baɪ 75 sɪns 2009 ənd ðə kɔst əv ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ˈsoʊlər həz ˈfɑlən ˈgloʊbəli baɪ 50 sɪns 2010 ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ˈsoʊlər ɪz naʊ bɪˈkəmɪŋ kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv wɪθ ɔɪl ənd ˈnæʧərəl gæs, ˈivɪn æt ðɛr ˈkərəntli dɪˈprɛst ˈpraɪsɪz. "kɔst ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə ˈrizən nɑt tɪ pərˈsid wɪθ", kənˈkludɪd ə rɪˈpɔrt riˈlist baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl bæŋk əv ˈæbu ˈdɑbi ɪn mɑrʧ. sɪz luɪs əv ˈkɛplər cheuvreux*: "ˈoʊvər taɪm, ɛz kɔsts kənˈtɪnju tɪ kəm daʊn ənd ɪˈkɑnəmiz əv skeɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪnˈkris, ðə ˈrɛlətɪv kəmˈpɛtɪtɪvnɪs əv ɪn ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈɛnərʤi mɪks wɪl ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈkris ˈfərðər." kip ɪn maɪnd ɛz wɛl ðət dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈneɪʃənz hæv ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈrizən tɪ ˈfeɪvər ˈoʊvər ˈfɑsəl ˈɛnərʤi ðət həz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ praɪs ənd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ kɔsts əv əˈnəðər sɔrt. ɛz ðə moʊst ˈrisənt rɪˈpɔrts frəm ðə ˌɪntərˌgəvərnˈmɛntəl ˈpænəl ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ (ipcc*) meɪk klɪr, pur ˈkəntriz ɪn ðə ˈgloʊbəl saʊθ wɪl ˈsəfər mɔr (ənd ˈsunər) frəm ðə ˈrævɪʤɪz əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ðən ˈkəntriz ɪn ðə ˈgloʊbəl nɔrθ. ðɪs ɪz soʊ bɪˈkəz ðiz ˈkəntriz ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns səm əv ðə ˈʃɑrpəst dɪˈklaɪnz ɪn ˈreɪnˌfɔl ənd soʊ ðə moʊst draʊts, ɛnˈdeɪnʤərɪŋ ðə fud səˈplaɪ fər ˈhənərdz əv ˈmɪljənz əv ˈpipəl. ˈkɑmbaɪn səʧ kənˈsərnz wɪθ ðə ˈplənʤɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz əv riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi, ənd ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət ðə trænˈzɪʃən əˈweɪ frəm ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz wɪl əˈkər ˈfæstər ðən prɪˈdɪktɪd ɪn ðə ˈvɛri ˈriʤənz ðət ðə ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz wər ˈkaʊntɪŋ ɔn fər ðɛr fˈjuʧər ˈprɑfɪts. ə nu wərldz æd əp ðiz ˈfæktərz, ɔl ˈrɛlətɪvli ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd, ənd wən kənˈkluʒən simz self-evident*: wi ər ˈwɪtnəsɪŋ ðə stɑrt əv ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃən ðət kʊd tərn ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ˈəpˈsaɪd daʊn, ˈplɪtɪkli, ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəli, ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli. ðɪs ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən woʊnt ˈhæpən ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt ənd ɪt wɪl feɪs fɪrs ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən frəm ˈpaʊərfəl ənd ɪnˈtrɛnʧt ˈfɑsəl fjuəl ˈɪntərɪsts. ˈivɪn soʊ, ɪt ʃoʊz ˈɛvəri saɪn əv ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ, wɪʧ minz ðət waɪl wi meɪ bi ˈtɔkɪŋ ˈdɛkeɪdz, ðə hərˈaɪzən ˈpriviəsli ˈɔfərd baɪ ˈɛkspərts laɪk ˈvɑˌklɑv ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ɪn ðə kɑrdz. ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ənd ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz, ənd ðeɪ hæv lɔŋ ɛnˈrɪʧt wɪl luz ðɛr ˈdɑmənənt ˈstætəs ənd bi ˈoʊvərˌteɪkən baɪ ðə pərˈveɪərz əv riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi fɑr mɔr kˈwɪkli ðən ðət. ˈivɪn wɪθ ðə kˈwɪkənɪŋ əv ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn grin tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd ðət wərld ˈtɛmpərəʧərz wɪl bi hɛld æt ə 2 dɪˈgriz ˈsɛlsiəs raɪz, ðət θˈrɛˌʃoʊld fər ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈdæmɪʤ, ɪz ənˈfɔrʧənətli smɔl. wɪʧ minz ðət ɑr ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˈgrænˌʧɪldrən wɪl lɪv ɪn ə dɪˈstɪŋktli lɛs ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ wərld. bət ɛz ðə dɪˈstrəktɪv ˈifɛkts əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ bɪˈkəm mɔr prəˈnaʊnst ənd mɔr ɛmˈbɛdɪd ɪn ˈdeɪli laɪf əˈkrɔs ðə ˈplænət, ðə ˈɪmpətəs tɪ sloʊ ðə ˈwɔrmɪŋ fəˈnɑməˌnɑn wɪl ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪ. ðɪs minz ðət ðə ərʤ tɪ ˌɪmˈpoʊz strɪkt kərbz ɔn ˈfɑsəl fjuəl kənˈsəmʃən ənd ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət prəˈmoʊt ɪt wɪl groʊ, tu. wɪr ˈtɔkɪŋ, ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ əv ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn moʊˈmɛntəm fər ən ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃən wɪʧ, ɪn tərn, minz ðət ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈpipəl əˈlaɪv ɔn ðə ˈplænət təˈdeɪ wɪl ɪkˈspɪriəns ðə əˈsɛndənsi əv. ɛz wɪθ ˈpriviəs ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃənz, ðɪs ʃɪft ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈproʊdus boʊθ ˈwɪnərz ənd ˈluzərz. ˈkəntriz ənd ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət əˈsum ˈərli ˈlidərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən əv ədˈvænst grin tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈprɑspər ɪn ðə jɪrz əˈhɛd, waɪl ðoʊz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ðə pərˌpɛʧəˈweɪʃən əv ˈfɑsəl ˈɛnərʤi wɪl si ðɛr wɛlθ ənd paʊər dɪˈklaɪn ər ˌdɪsəˈpɪr. fər ðə ˈplænət ɛz ə hoʊl, səʧ ə trænˈzɪʃən kænt kəm sun ɪˈnəf. ˈmaɪkəl klɛr ɪz ə prəˈfɛsər əv pis ənd wərld sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈstədiz æt ˈhæmʃər ˈkɑlɪʤ, ə ˈrɛgjələr, ənd ðə ˈɔθər, moʊst ˈrisəntli, əv ðə reɪs fər wəts lɛft, ʤɪst ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˈpeɪpərˌbæk baɪ picador*. ə ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri ˈmuvi ˈvərʒən əv hɪz bʊk bləd ənd ɔɪl ɪz əˈveɪləbəl frəm ðə ˈmidiə ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən faʊnˈdeɪʃən. ju kən ˈfɑloʊ klɛr ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ hir. ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ənd baɪ ˈəndər ə kriˈeɪtɪv ˈkɑmənz ˈlaɪsəns.

don't hold your breath, but future historians may look back on 2015 as the year that the renewable energy ascendancy began, the moment when the world started to move decisively away from its reliance on fossil fuels. those fuels - oil, natural gas, and coal - will, of course, continue to dominate the energy landscape for years to come, adding billions of tons of heat-trapping carbon to the atmosphere. for the first time, however, it appears that a shift to renewable energy sources is gaining momentum. if sustained, it will have momentous implications for the world economy - as profound as the shift from wood to coal or coal to oil in previous centuries. global economic growth has, of course, long been powered by an increasing supply of fossil fuels, especially petroleum. beginning with the united states, countries that succeeded in mastering the extraction and utilization of oil gained immense economic and political power, while countries with huge reserves of oil to exploit and sell, like kuwait and saudi arabia, became fabulously wealthy. the giant oil companies that engineered the rise of petroleum made legendary profits, accumulated vast wealth, and grew immensely powerful. not surprisingly, the oil states and those energy corporations continue to dream of a future in which they will play a dominant role. "fossil fuels are our most enduring energy source", said ali al-naimi, saudi arabia's minister of petroleum and mineral resources, in april 2013. "they are the driving force of economic development in the us, saudi arabia, and for much of the developed and developing world [and] they have the capacity to sustain us well into the future." the future will not be like the past but new developments, including a surprising surge in wind and solar installations, suggest that oil's dominance may not prove as enduring as imagined. "rapidly spreading solar technology could change everything", energy analyst nick butler recently wrote in the financial times. "there is growing evidence that some fundamental changes are coming that will over time put a question mark over investments in old energy systems." normally, transitions from one energy system to another take many decades. according to vaclav smil of the university of manitoba, the shift from wood to coal and coal to oil each took 50 years. the same length of time, he has argued, will be needed to complete the transition to renewables, which would leave any green energy era in the distant future. "the slow pace of this energy transition is not surprising", he wrote in scientific american. "in fact, it is expected." smil's analysis, however, assumes two things: first, that a business-as-usual environment in which decisions about energy investments will largely be made within the same profit-seeking outlook as in the past will continue to prevail; and second, that it will take decades for renewables to best fossil fuels in terms of cost and practicality. both assumptions, however, appear increasingly flawed. concern over climate change is already altering the political and regulatory landscape, while improvements in wind and solar technology are occurring at an extraordinary rate, rapidly eliminating the price advantage of fossil fuels. "the direction of change is clear", butler writes. with the cost of renewable installations falling, solar power has moved "from being a niche supplier to being a major regional competitor [to fossil fuels]." experts largely agree that renewables will claim a larger share of the global energy budget in the years ahead. nevertheless, most mainstream analysts continue to believe that fossil fuels will be the dominant form of energy for decades to come. the us department of energy (doe) typically predicts that the share of world energy provided by renewables, nuclear, and hydro combined will climb from 17% in 2015 to a mere 22% in 2040 - hardly change on a scale that would threaten the predominance of fossil fuels. there are, however, four key trends that could speed the transition to renewables in striking ways: the world's growing determination to put a brake on the advance of climate change; a sea change in china's stance on growth and the environment; the increasing embrace of green energy in the developing world; and the growing affordability of renewable energy. taking climate change seriously resistance to progress on climate change is widespread and well entrenched. as naomi klein documents in her latest book, this changes everything, the major fossil fuel companies have mounted well-financed campaigns for years to sow doubt about the reality of climate change, while politicians, often in their pay, have obstructed efforts to place restraints on carbon emissions. at the same time, many ordinary people have been reluctant to acknowledge what's happening and so consider steps to bring it under control (a phenomenon examined by george marshall in don't even think about it). as the devastating effects of extreme weather, including droughts, floods, and ever more powerful storms, gain greater prominence in everyday life, however, all of this is clearly in flux. considerable evidence can be assembled to support this assessment, including recent polling data, but perhaps the most impressive indication of this shift can be found in the carbon-reduction plans major nations are now submitting to un authorities in preparation for a global climate summit to be held this december in paris. under a measure adopted by delegates to the most recent summit, held last december in lima, peru, all parties to the un framework convention on climate change (unfccc) are obliged to submit detailed action plans known as 'intended nationally determined contributions' (indcs) to the global climate effort. these plans, for the most part, have proven to be impressively tough and ambitious. more important yet, the numbers being offered when it comes to carbon reduction would have been inconceivable only a few years ago. the us plan, for example, promises that national carbon emissions will drop 26%-28% below 2005 levels by 2025, which represents a substantial reduction. there are, of course, many obstacles to achieving this goal, most notably the diehard resistance of republican legislators with strong ties to the fossil fuel industry. the white house insists, however, that many of the measures included in the indc can be achieved through executive branch action, including curbs on carbon emissions from coal plants and mandated improvements in the fuel efficiency of cars and trucks. other countries have submitted similarly ambitious indcs. mexico, for example, has pledged to cap its carbon emissions by 2026, and to achieve a 22% reduction in greenhouse gas levels by 2030. its commitment is considered especially significant, since it's the first such pledge by a major developing nation. "mexico is setting an example for the rest of the world by submitting an indc that is timely, clear, ambitious, and supported by robust, unconditional policy commitments", the obama white house noted in a congratulatory statement. no one can predict the outcome of the december climate summit, but few observers expect the measures it may endorse to be tough enough to keep future increases in global temperatures below two degrees celsius, the maximum amount most scientists believe the planet can absorb without incurring climate disasters far beyond anything seen to date. nevertheless, implementation of the indcs, or even a significant portion of them, would at least produce a significant reduction in fossil fuel consumption and point the way to a different future. a sea change in chinese energy behavior of equal importance is china's evident determination to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels - a critical change in stance, given its projected energy needs in the decades to come. according to the doe, china's share of world energy consumption is expected to jump from an already impressive 19% in 2010 to 27% in 2040, with most of its added energy coming from fossil fuels. should this indeed occur, china would consume another 88 quadrillion british thermal units of such energy over the next 30 years, or 43% of all added fossil fuel consumption worldwide. so any significant moves by china to reduce its reliance on those energy sources, as now being promised by senior government officials, would have an outsized impact on the global energy equation. china has not yet submitted its indc, but its plan is expected to incorporate the commitments made by president xi jinping in a meeting with president obama in beijing last november. xi promised to cap china's carbon emissions by 2030 and increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 20% by that time. he also agreed to work with the us "to make sure international climate change negotiations will reach agreement as scheduled at the paris conference in 2015." although the chinese plan allows for continued growth in carbon emissions for another 15 years, it substantially reduces the amount of new energy that will be derived from fossil fuels. according to a white house statement, "it will require china to deploy an additional 800-1,000 gigawatts of nuclear, wind, solar, and other zero-emission generation capacity by 2030 - more than all the coal-fired power plants that exist in china today." it appears, moreover, that chinese leaders are preparing to move even faster than their pledge would require in transitioning away from fossil fuels. under pressure from urban residents to reduce punishing levels of smog, the authorities have announced ambitious plans to lessen reliance on coal for electricity generation and rely instead on hydropower, nuclear, wind, and solar power, as well as natural gas. "we will strive for zero-growth in the consumption of coal in key areas of the country", premier li keqiang told the national people's congress, china's legislature, this march. as in the united states, the chinese leadership will face opposition from entrenched fossil fuel interests, as well as local government structures. however, their evident determination to reduce reliance on oil and coal represents a real change of mood and thinking. it's likely to result in a far different energy landscape than the one laid out by the department of energy and, until recently, most other experts. despite repeated predictions of ever-increasing coal consumption, for instance, china actually burned less coal in 2014 than in the previous year, the first such decline in decades. at the same time, it increased its spending on renewable forms of energy by an impressive 33% in 2014, investing a total of $83.3 billion - the most ever spent by a single country in one year - to a renewable future. if china leads the way globally and such trends continue, the transition from fossil fuels to renewables will occur far sooner than expected. green goes global the giant oil companies have long acknowledged that the most advanced countries, led by the us, japan, and europe, would eventually transition from fossil fuels to renewables, but they continue to insist that developing nations - eager to expand their economies but too poor to invest in alternative energy - will continue to rely on fossil fuels in a big way. this outlook led exxonmobil and other oil firms to make massive investments in new refineries, pipelines, and other infrastructure aimed at satisfying anticipated demand from the global south. but surprise, surprise: those countries are also showing every sign of turning to renewables in their drive to expand energy output. the global south's surprisingly enthusiastic embrace of renewables is impressively documented in global trends in renewable energy investment 2015, a recent collaboration between the frankfurt school of finance and management and the un environment programme. it reports that the developing countries, excluding china, spent $30 billion on renewables in 2014, a substantial rise over the previous year. together with china, investment in renewables in the developing world totaled nearly as much as that spent by the developed countries that year. significant increases in spending on renewables were registered by brazil (for a total of $7.6 billion), india ($7.4 billion), and south africa ($5.5 billion); investments of $1 billion or more were posted by chile, indonesia, kenya, mexico, and turkey. given how little such countries were devoting to a renewable future just a few years ago, consider this a sign of changing times. no less striking is the degree to which oil-producing countries are beginning to embrace green energy. in january, for example, the dubai electricity and water authority awarded a contract to saudi arabia's acwa power international to build a 200-megawatt, $330 million solar electricity plant. the deal received widespread attention, as acwa promised to deliver electricity from the plant for $58.50 per megawatt-hour, one-third less than the cost of natural gas-fired generation. "this is a major breakthrough in the oil-fired emirates and a clear demonstration of the ongoing global energy transition", suggested mark lewis of kepler cheuvreux, a european financial services company. "we think this is a landmark deal both in terms of the extremely competitive cost at which the project will generate power and the potential for a much greater take-up of renewables in countries that have so far been slow to embrace them." the falling price of renewables as the dubai deal indicates, price is playing a crucial role in the shift from fossil fuels to renewables. listen to the apostles of coal and oil and you'd think that poor countries had no choice but to rely on their chosen form of energy because of its low cost compared to other fuels. "there are still hundreds of millions, billions of people living in abject poverty around the world", said rex tillerson, the ceo and chairman of exxonmobil. "they need electricity they can count on, that they can afford ... they'd love to burn fossil fuels because their quality of life would rise immeasurably, and their quality of health and the health of their children and their future would rise immeasurably." until recently, this would have been gospel among mainstream energy experts, but the cost of renewables, especially solar power, is dropping so rapidly that, even in a moment when the price of oil has been halved, the news on the horizon couldn't be clearer: fossil fuels are no longer guaranteed a price advantage in delivering energy to developing countries. among the harbingers of this change: the cost of solar photovoltaic cells (pvs) has plunged by 75% since 2009 and the cost of electricity generated by solar pvs has fallen globally by 50% since 2010. in other words, solar is now becoming competitive with oil and natural gas, even at their currently depressed prices. "cost is no longer a reason not to proceed with renewables", concluded a report released by the national bank of abu dhabi in march. says lewis of kepler cheuvreux: "over time, as renewable-technology costs continue to come down and economies of scale continue to increase, the relative competitiveness of renewables in the global energy mix will only increase further." keep in mind as well that developing nations have a powerful reason to favor renewables over fossil energy that has nothing to do with price and everything to do with costs of another sort. as the most recent reports from the un's intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc) make clear, poor countries in the global south will suffer more (and sooner) from the ravages of climate change than countries in the global north. this is so because these countries are expected to experience some of the sharpest declines in rainfall and so the most droughts, endangering the food supply for hundreds of millions of people. combine such concerns with the plunging prices of renewable energy, and it appears that the transition away from fossil fuels will occur faster than predicted in the very regions that the oil companies were counting on for their future profits. a new world's a-coming add up these factors, all relatively unexpected, and one conclusion seems self-evident: we are witnessing the start of a global energy transition that could turn expectations upside down, politically, environmentally, and economically. this transformation won't happen overnight and it will face fierce opposition from powerful and entrenched fossil fuel interests. even so, it shows every sign of accelerating, which means that while we may be talking decades, the half-century horizon previously offered by experts like vaclav smil is probably no longer in the cards. fossil fuels - and the companies, politicians, and petro-states they have long enriched - will lose their dominant status and be overtaken by the purveyors of renewable energy far more quickly than that. even with the quickening of investment in green technology, the likelihood that world temperatures will be held at a 2 degrees celsius rise, that all-important threshold for catastrophic damage, is unfortunately vanishingly small. which means that our children and grandchildren will live in a distinctly less inviting world. but as the destructive effects of climate change become more pronounced and more embedded in daily life across the planet, the impetus to slow the warming phenomenon will only intensify. this means that the urge to impose strict curbs on fossil fuel consumption and the companies that promote it will grow, too. we're talking, in other words, about the building of genuine momentum for an energy transition which, in turn, means that the majority of people alive on the planet today will experience the ascendancy of renewables. as with previous energy transitions, this shift is going to produce both winners and losers. countries and companies that assume early leadership in the development and installation of advanced green technologies are likely to prosper in the years ahead, while those committed to the perpetuation of fossil energy will see their wealth and power decline or disappear. for the planet as a whole, such a transition can't come soon enough. michael klare is a professor of peace and world security studies at hampshire college, a tomdispatch regular, and the author, most recently, of the race for what's left, just published in paperback by picador. a documentary movie version of his book blood and oil is available from the media education foundation. you can follow klare on facebook by clicking here. this article was originally published by tomdispatch.com and re-published by opendemocracy under a creative commons attribution-noncommercial 3.0 licence.

ɔl ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs ər ˈkɑpiˌraɪtɪd ənd juzd wɪθ pərˈmɪʃən. strit fəˈtɑgrəfi ðə ˈiziəst ˈdɪsəplən. ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˈkæmərə ˈɪntu ən ˌənkənˈtroʊld ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, wɛr ˈɛniˌθɪŋ kən ˈhæpən ənd ðə sin ɪz ˈnɛvər ðə seɪm, kən bi ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪtɪŋ, ənd ˌəndərˈstændəbəl. wət wi θɔt wʊd bi ˈhɛlpfəl ɪz ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz frəm ˈsɛvərəl ˈprɑmənənt strit fəˈtɑgrəfərz əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈvɛri ˈtɑpɪk. soʊ ʤəmp ɪn ənd hir frəm səm əv ðə ˈbɪgəst neɪmz təˈdeɪ. ˈnɪkələs wət ɪz strit fəˈtɑgrəfi? tɪ kip ɪt ʃɔrt ənd swit, strit fəˈtɑgrəfi ɪz ˈfoʊtəˌgræfɪŋ ˈpipəl (ˌɔlˈðoʊ səm meɪ ˈɑrgju ɪt dɪz nɑt nid ˈpipəl) ɪn ðɛr ˈɛvriˈdeɪ lɪvz hu ˈpoʊzɪŋ fər ju. ɪf ju teɪk ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ə ɪz nɑt strit fəˈtɑgrəfi. ju ʤɪst hæv tɪ traɪ ənd tɛl ə ˈstɔri ər ˈkæpʧər ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl. ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈʧælənʤ: tɪ meɪk jʊr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ ðə vjuər. bət nɑt tu kin tɪ dɪˈskəs ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən ɛz ʤɪst əˈnəðər rul ˈbɛriər tɪ stɑp ju ˈʃutɪŋ. aɪ prɪˈfər tɪ θɪŋk əv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɛz ən ˈərbən fəˈtɑgrəfər ˈrəðər ðən ə strit fəˈtɑgrəfər. biɪŋ ˈpɪʤɪn hoʊld ˈɪntu strit fəˈtɑgrəfi ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl tu ˈlɪmətɪŋ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈoʊnli ə pɑrt əv wət aɪ du, wɪʧ aɪ laɪk tɪ rɪˈfər tɪ ɛz ˈləndən ˈərbən fəˈtɑgrəfi. aɪ ʃut dɪˈvərsɪti, ɪn ˈərbən ˈlænˌskeɪp, ɪn ˈpipəl, ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər. maɪ fəˈtɑgrəfi həz ə lɔt əv ˈkɑntræsts ənd leɪərz ʤɪst laɪk ˈləndən dɪz. soʊ goʊɪŋ bæk tɪ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi, haʊ dɪd aɪ gɪt ˈoʊvər ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl fɪr əv ˈʃutɪŋ ˈpipəl wɪˈθaʊt ðɛr ˈnɑlɪʤ? wɛl bi ˈɑnəst ɪf goʊɪŋ tɪ dɪˈskəs ɪt. ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ˈdɪfərənt ənd ˈɛvəri fəˈtɑgrəfər wɪl hæv ə ˈdɪfərənt əˈproʊʧ. aɪ kɔl ɪt fɪr fər mi bət aɪ stɪl gɪt ə smɔl əˈdrɛnələn rəʃ ənd ˈsərtən ˌæprɪˈhɛnʃən ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ ʃəv maɪ ˈkæmərə wɪˈθɪn 3 fit əv ə ˈtoʊtəl ˈstreɪnʤər ənd prɛs ðə ˈʃətər. ðɛr ər ʤɪst ˈdɪfərənt weɪz tɪ du ɪt. səm wɪl ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðət ju juz ə ˈtɛləˌfoʊtoʊ lɛnz tɪ ˈgræʤuəli ˈkɑŋkər ðət fɪr frəm ə ˈdɪstəns. aɪ dɪsəˈgri. drɔp ðə zum, goʊ praɪm lɛnz ər 50mm*) ənd ʃut kloʊz, ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ bɪld ˌɪmˈjunɪti ənd bɪld ə (ʃɔrt lɪvd) riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ jʊr ˈsəbʤɪkt. ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ðət ɪf ju ər skɛrd əv ðə si, nɑt ʃʊr ˈteɪkɪŋ ə bæθ wɪl ˈrɪli hɛlp. fərst, bi ˈklɛvər ənd əˈsɛs jʊr sərˈaʊndɪŋz. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti gɪt pənʧt, aɪ bət aɪ θɪŋk gʊd tɪ bi strit waɪz ənd θɪŋk, ðɪs ˈpərsən ˈlaɪkli tɪ pənʧ ər baɪt me?”*?” ðɛn aɪ tɛnd tɪ laɪk strits. ðɛr ər ə fju ˈrizənz fər ðət. ðə fərst wən ɪz ðət ju gɪt ˈnoʊtɪst ɛz məʧ, blɛnd ɪn ˈbɛtər (ˈɔlsoʊ ə gʊd ˈrizən tɪ ˈkɛri ə smɔl ˈkæmərə, taɪp). əˈnəðər ɪz ðət ɪt wɪl ˈbəfər ðə saʊnd frəm jʊr ˈʃətər. ɪt meɪ saʊnd ˈsɪli bət ɪn ə kwaɪət strit, ˈpipəl wɪl ˈsəmˌtaɪmz hir ɪt sɪns ju ər soʊ kloʊz frəm ðɛr feɪs. aɪ wəns wɑz ˈwɔkɪŋ ɪn ə kwaɪət strit ənd pæst ðət ˈkəpəl ənd tʊk ðə ʃɑt. ðeɪ sin ðə ˈkæmərə ənd aɪ kɛpt ˈwɔkɪŋ wɪn aɪ hərd hər seɪ tɪ ɪm ðɪs gaɪ ʤɪst teɪk ɑr photo?”*?”. aɪ ʤɪst kɛpt ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈhoʊpɪŋ ðeɪ kɔl ðə ˈwɪrdoʊ pəˈlis. wət wərks fər mi ɪz ˈʃutɪŋ frəm ðə hɪp. wɪn ˈpipəl pæs baɪ ju ənd lʊk æt ju ðeɪ wɪl ˈnɔrməli goʊ fər aɪ contact…*… fjuər wɪl lʊk æt jʊr krɑʧ. nɑt ən ˈizi tɛkˈnik. aɪ ədˈmɪt aɪ juzd tɪ θɪŋk ˈpipəl ˈʃutɪŋ frəm ðə hɪp wər ʤɪst ˈhoʊpɪŋ fər ðə bɛst ənd ɪt wɑz ɔl daʊn tɪ lək ənd ðeɪ wər ʤɪst nɑt ðət gʊd. fər maɪ greɪt londoners”*” ˈbɑdi əv wərk aɪ ʃɑt frəm ðə hɪp fər ən ɪnˈtaɪər jɪr. wət stɑrts baɪ biɪŋ daʊn tɪ lək bɪˈkəmz ənd sun ɪˈnəf ə pərˈfɛktəd tɛkˈnik ðət rikˈwaɪərz skɪl. aɪ ʃɑt ðɪs ɪnˈtaɪər ˈsɪriz frəm ðə hɪp ɪn ˈmænjuəl moʊd wɪθ ə lɛnz ɔn maɪ zoʊn ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ, ˈminɪŋ aɪ hæd ðə ˈfoʊkɪs sɛt 3 fit əˈweɪ frəm mi ənd hæd tɪ ʃut ɪgˈzæktli wɪn ðə ˈpərsən wɔkt æt ðət spɑt. ɪt wɑz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈtrɪki ɛz aɪ hæd ə ˈmuvɪŋ ˈtərgət, ðə ˈæpərʧər wɑz waɪd ˈoʊpən æt tɪ ˈlivɪŋ mi wɪθ ə ˈvɛri ˈʃæloʊ dɛpθ əv fild ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈvɛri ˈnɛroʊ ˈmɑrʤən fər ˈɛrər ɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ ðət ˈfoʊkɪst ʃɑt ɪn ˈmænjuəl. soʊ goʊɪŋ bæk tɪ ˈkɑŋkərɪŋ fɪr, ðɪs ɪz haʊ aɪ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz du ɪt. aɪ faɪnd frəm ðə hɪp ə lɔt ˈiziər tɪ gɪt kloʊz. ˈmɛni ˈpipəl æsk mi ɪf aɪ æsk ˈpipəl aɪ ʃut fər ðɛr pərˈmɪʃən. maɪ vju ɪz ðət ɪf ju spɛnd jʊr taɪm ˈæskɪŋ fər pərˈmɪʃən ɪn laɪf, ju ˈnɛvər gɪt ˈɛniˌwɛr. ðə ˈdɔtər əv ðɪs mæn (aɪ ʃɑt ɛz pɑrt əv greɪt londoners”*” ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən aɪ ˈkərəntli hæv ɪn ˈləndən) ˈæˌkʧuəli sɔ hɪz ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɔn maɪ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. wət ər ðə ɑdz? ənd gɛs wət, ʃi su mi, noʊ ʃi ləvd ɪt ənd æst mi tɪ baɪ ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ (aɪ dɪd gɪv hər ə 50 ˈdɪskaʊnt!). nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən wɪl riækt ˈbædli, kwaɪt ðə ˈɑpəzɪt. ðə wərld səʧ ə bæd ˈivəl pleɪs laɪk ðə ˈmidiə pɔrˈtreɪz. ˈɛvriˌwən wɪθ ə ˈkæmərə ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ə ˈtɛrərɪst ˈiðər. ðə fərst stɛp tɪ fil ˈkɑnfədənt ɪn ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ɪz noʊɪŋ ju ər nɑt duɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ rɔŋ. ɛz strit fəˈtɑgrəfərz wi ər ˈdɑkjəmənɪŋ. ɪn ə ˈsɛnʧəri ər tu ˈpipəl wɪl (ˈhoʊpfəli) lʊk æt ɑr ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd wət laɪf wɑz ɪn ɑr deɪz. ʤɪst ðə seɪm weɪ wi kən lʊk æt ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv læst ˈsɛnʧəri ənd ˌəndərˈstænd ˈbɛtər. laɪk ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈpræktɪs ðət wɪl gɪt ju ˈoʊvər ˈɛni ˈmɛntəl blɑks ənd ˈʤɛnərəli ˌɪmˈpruv jʊr ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə ˈkæmərə. soʊ ʤɪst goʊ aʊt ənd ʃut, ʃut ənd ʃut səm mɔr. ruiz aɪ θɪŋk ðət wɪn aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt ˈʃutɪŋ ɔn ðə strit aɪ ˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi ə ˈlɪtəl ˌsɛlfˈkɑnʃəs ənd ˈdɛfənətli ˌɪnɛkˈspɪriənst. goʊɪŋ aʊt tɪ ʃut wɑz ə bɪt əv ˈθɛrəpi fər mi æt ðə taɪm (ənd stɪl ˈsəmˈwət ɪz) ənd aɪ ˈwɔntɪd ɪt tɪ bi ə ˈplɛzənt ənd rɪˈlæksɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪti bət ðoʊz ˌsɛlfˈkɑnʃəs θɔts wʊd gɪt ɪn ðə weɪ frəm taɪm tɪ taɪm. θru goʊɪŋ aʊt mɔr ənd mɔr ˈɔfən ənd ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ maɪ θɔts, maɪ ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz bɪˈkeɪm ˈivɪn mɔr ˈpɑzətɪv. aɪ pʊt ɪt ɪn maɪ maɪnd ðət wət duɪŋ ɪz fər fən, ðət aɪ nid tɪ ʤɪst brið ənd rɪˈlæks, ðət ˈpræktɪsɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈbɛtər, ðət ˈnəθɪŋ ˈnɛgətɪv wʊd ˈhæpən tɪ mi ənd ʤɪst ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə ˈpɪkʧərz aɪ laɪk. aɪ ˈfoʊkɪst mɔr ɔn ˈmeɪkɪŋ maɪ θɔts ənd ˈɛnərʤi mɔr ˈpɑzətɪv wɪn aɪ wɑz ˈwɔkɪŋ əraʊnd ənd ðət ˈrɪli ʧeɪnʤd maɪ ɪnˈtaɪər ɪkˈspɪriəns. ˈgɪtɪŋ aʊt ɛz ˈɔfən ɛz aɪ kʊd tɪ ˈpræktɪs hɛlpt ə lɔt ənd ɪn ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən wɪθ maɪ bɪˈlifs ˈrɪli gɑt mi tɪ ðə pɔɪnt wɛr aɪ wɑz mɔr ˈkəmfərtəbəl wɪθ ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈpɪkʧərz əv ˈrændəm ˈpipəl. aɪ faʊnd ðət aɪ hæd mɔr ˈpɑzətɪv ˌɪnərˈækʃənz wɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz əˈkərd ənd ˈoʊnli ə fju ˈpipəl riˈæktɪd ɪn ə ˈnɛgətɪv weɪ. ɪn ðə 4 jɪrz bɪn ˈʃutɪŋ ðə strit ˈsɪriəsli ˈoʊnli hæd 4 ˈnɛgətɪv riˈækʃənz ənd ðeɪ wər frəm ˈpipəl aɪ wasn’t’*’ ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈpɪkʧərz əv. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ haʊ aɪ riˈæktɪd tɪ ðɛr ˌnɛgəˈtɪvəti ðət meɪd ðə ˈdɪfərəns. aɪ bɪˈliv ðət haʊ ju θɪŋk kriˈeɪts jʊr ˌriˈæləˌti soʊ aɪ ʤɪst ʧeɪnʤd maɪ θɔts ənd ˈfilɪŋz tɪ haʊ aɪ ˈwɔntɪd. θɔts əv wət ˈəðərz θɪŋk ər wət du ɪz aʊt əv maɪ kənˈtroʊl ənd sɪns aɪ rɛd maɪndz aɪ ʤɪst drɑpt ðoʊz ˈnɛgətɪv θɔts ənd ðə ˈfilɪŋz ðeɪ ˈproʊdus. ɪt dɪz teɪk ə lɔt əv ˈpræktɪs tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈnɛgətɪv θɔts ənd ˈfilɪŋz tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈpɑzətɪv bət ðət ɪz ˈrɪli ðə ki tɪ ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə fɪr əv ˈʃutɪŋ ɔn ðə strit ənd ʤɪst ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. ˈɛrɪk kɪm aɪ θɪŋk strit fəˈtɑgrəfi ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈfraɪtənɪŋ ənd ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈʒɑnrəz əv fəˈtɑgrəfi aʊt ðɛr. ðɛr ər soʊ ˈmɛni θɪŋz ju hæv tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi. ju hæv tɪ dil wɪθ ˈoʊvərˌkəmɪŋ ðə fɪr əv ˈʃutɪŋ ˈstreɪnʤərz baɪ ˈwəriɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪf ðeɪ maɪt jɛl æt ju, θˈrɛtən ju wɪθ ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈvaɪələns, ər ˈivɪn kɔl ðə kɑps ɔn ju. aɪ hæv ʃɑt strit fəˈtɑgrəfi fər əraʊnd 8 jɪrz (ˈstɑrtɪd wɪn aɪ wɑz 18 ənd naʊ 26 ənd bɪlt əp ə lɔt əv maɪ ˈkɑnfədɛns ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz. bət gɪt mi wrong—*— ðə fɪr əv ˈʃutɪŋ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi stɪl ɪgˈzɪsts. ənd glæd ɪt ɪgˈzɪsts. ɪt minz ðət aɪ æm ə ˈjumən being—*— ɪf wi hæv ˈɛni fɪr ˌɪnˈsaɪd əv ˈjuˈɛs, wi bi ˈfʊli ˈjumən. aɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈskəvərd ðət ɪt ɪz ə gʊd θɪŋ tɪ hæv fɪr wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi. waɪ ɪz ðət? aɪ hæv faʊnd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: wɛˈnɛvər aɪ fɪr ˈʃutɪŋ ə strit ˈfoʊtəˌgræf, ɪt minz aɪ hæv tɪ teɪk ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ. wət du aɪ min baɪ ðət? ɪf ju si ə greɪt sin, ər ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈpərsən ənd ju hæv ðət gət ˈfilɪŋ ðət ju wɔnt tɪ ʃut ɪt (bət ju hæv ðə fɪr), ɪt ɪz jʊr breɪn ˈtɛlɪŋ ju: noʊ ju ər əˈfreɪd əv ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ, bət ju ˈrɪli nid tɪ ʃut it—*— bɪˈkəz ðɛr ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ər ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ ju faɪnd əˈbaʊt ðə scene.”*.” haʊ tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðɪs fɪr? aɪ ˈɑnəstli θɪŋk ðət strit fəˈtɑgrəfi ɪz 80 ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl (ˈmɛntəl, ˈoʊvərˌkəmɪŋ jʊr fɪr əv ˈʃutɪŋ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi, ənd ˈoʊvərˌkəmɪŋ ˌhɛzəˈteɪʃən), ənd 20 ˈʃutɪŋ. aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˈʃutɪŋ pɑrt əv strit fəˈtɑgrəfi ɪz ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈizi, ɪt ɪz ˈoʊvərˌkəmɪŋ ðə fɪr wɪʧ ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt. soʊ hir ər səm ˈstrætəʤiz aɪ hæv ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðə fɪr: 1 aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə fɪr fərst əv ɔl, wət ər ju ˈrɪli əˈfreɪd əv? ðɛr ər ˈsərtən θɪŋz ju maɪt fɪr: fɪr əv ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈfɪzɪkəli əˈsɔltɪd (ˈhævɪŋ jʊr ˈkæmərə ˈbroʊkən, ˈhævɪŋ jʊr feɪs bæʃt ɪn, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə). fɪr əv biɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəli ʤəʤd (ˈpipəl maɪt θɪŋk ju ər wɪrd, jʊr frɛndz maɪt ʤəʤ ju ˈnɛgətɪvli fər ˈʃutɪŋ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi, əpˈsɛtɪŋ ˈpipəl, ər ˈbriʧɪŋ ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl speɪs) fɪr əv nɑt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə gʊd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ (biɪŋ ə pərˈfɛkʃənɪst ənd ˈwəriɪŋ ðət ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ju meɪk bi ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt wən). aɪ θɪŋk wəns ju ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ jʊr fɪr, ju ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ meɪk məʧ mɔr ˈræʃənəl dɪˈsɪʒənz wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl: fɪr əv ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈfɪzɪkəli əˈsɔltɪd ˈɑnəstli aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli hərd əv ˈɛni strit fəˈtɑgrəfər hu daɪd ˈʃutɪŋ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi. ɛz ˈskɛri ɛz strit fəˈtɑgrəfi meɪ be—*— ɪt wɔr fəˈtɑgrəfi. wi ˈlɪtərəli ˈpʊtɪŋ ɑr lɪvz ɔn ðə laɪn ˈʃutɪŋ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi. aɪ ˈɛvər hərd əv ə ˈstɔri əv ə strit fəˈtɑgrəfər ˈgɪtɪŋ pənʧt, stæbd, ər ˈfɪzɪkəli ˈɪnʤərd frəm ʤɪst ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ˈstreɪnʤərz ɔn ðə strits. ˈpərsənəli aɪ hæv ˈpipəl ækt ˈfɪzɪkəli əˈgɛnst mi ɪn ðə læst 8 jɪrz. aɪ hæv bɪn ʃəvd wəns ər twaɪs, ənd hæd ˈpipəl traɪ tɪ teɪk maɪ ˈkæmərə frəm mi. bət ðɪs ɪz ðə ɑd ˈkreɪzi person—*— ənd aɪ hæv ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈgɔtən ˈɪntu mɔr kɑr ˈæksədənts ˈoʊvər ðə læst 8 jɪrz (ðən hæd ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃənz ɪn strit fəˈtɑgrəfi). bət əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ maɪ rəf stəˈtɪstɪks, fər ˈɛvəri 100 ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ˈstreɪnʤərz aɪ ˈfoʊtəˌgræf, aɪ ˈoʊnli gɪt ˈnɛgətɪv riˈækʃənz (ənd ðiz ər mɔr əv ˈpipəl ˈjɛlɪŋ æt mi ənd ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈəpˌsɛt, ðɛn ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈfɪzɪkəli ˈvaɪələnt). ˈɔlsoʊ ˈriəˌlaɪz ɪt ɪz jʊr ˈligəl raɪt tɪ teɪk ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ˈstreɪnʤərz ɪn ˈpəblɪk. ənd ɪf ˈpipəl du ˈfɪzɪkəli əˈsɔlt ju, ðeɪ ər æt fɔlt ənd ju kən ˈtɛknɪkəli su ðɛm. soʊ ɪf ðeɪ təʧ ju, ju su ðɛm, ənd ju baɪ ə nu leica*! ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɪz ˈhæpi. noʊ bət ˈsɪriəsli, bi soʊ ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈvaɪələns ɪn strit fəˈtɑgrəfi. ɪt ˈrɛrli ˈɛvər ˈɛskəˌleɪts ðɪs far—*— moʊst ˈpipəl ər kwaɪt ˌædˈvərs tɪ ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈfɪzɪkəl faɪts. ˈpipəl tɔk ə lɔt əv ʃɪt wɪθ ðɛr wərdz, bət ˈrɛrli wɪθ ðɛr fɪsts. fɪr əv biɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəli ʤəʤd ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ju ər goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv tɪ dil wɪθ ɛz ə strit fəˈtɑgrəfər. ˈpipəl wɪl ʤəʤ you—*— ɛz ɪt ɪz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈsoʊʃəl nɔrm tɪ ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ə ˈstreɪnʤər wɪˈθaʊt pərˈmɪʃən. bət soʊ wət? hu kɛrz? ɪf ju ər ə ““weirdo”—*”— hu gɪvz ə ʃɪt? aɪ wʊd ˈrəðər lɪv ə laɪf ðət ɪz tru tɪ myself—*— ənd du wət aɪ ləv ənd æm ˈpæʃənət əˈbaʊt, wɪˈθaʊt ˈwəriɪŋ əˈbaʊt haʊ ˈəðərz ər ˈʤəʤɪŋ mi. ənd ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ɛz ə strit fəˈtɑgrəfər, ju ər duɪŋ ə gʊd θɪŋ fər soʊˈsaɪɪti. ju ər ˈdɑkjəmənɪŋ ðə wərld əraʊnd ju, ˈdɑkjəmənɪŋ ˈhɪstəri, ənd ˈkæpʧərɪŋ ðə ˈbjuti ɪn ðə mənˈdeɪn. soʊ ɪf ˈsəmˌwən ˈʤəʤɪz ju fər ˈteɪkɪŋ ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ə ˈstreɪnʤər, ʤɪst smaɪl ənd teɪk ɪt ˈpərsənəli. fɪr əv nɑt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə gʊd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ noʊ ə lɔt əv strit fəˈtɑgrəfərz hu ər pərˈfɛkʃənəsts, ənd ðə ˈrizən ðeɪ ˈhɛzəˌteɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈʃutɪŋ ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɪz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər ˈwərid ðət ðeɪ meɪk ə gʊd strit ˈfoʊtəˌgræf. ˈðɛrˌfɔr wən əv ðə bɛst weɪz tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðɪs ɪz tɪ nɑt ˈwəri soʊ məʧ. θɪŋk ðət ˈɛvəri ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ju ʃut həz tɪ bi ə ˈmæstərˌpis. ʤɪst ʃut frəm ðə gət. ɪf ju si ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ju maɪt faɪnd ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ, θɪŋk tu much—*— ʤɪst ʃut. ju ʃut ˈmæstərˌpisɪz ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɪmɪʤ. ə lɔt əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ images”*” ɪz ɪn ðə ˈɛdɪtɪŋ feɪz (ˈʧuzɪŋ jʊr bɛst ˈɪmɪʤɪz). moʊst strit fəˈtɑgrəfərz aɪ tɔk tɪ (hu ər ɔn ðə tɔp əv ðɛr geɪm) ədˈmɪt tɪ ˈoʊnli ˈmeɪkɪŋ 1 gʊd strit ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ə mənθ, ənd 1 greɪt strit ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ə jɪr. ɪf ju eɪm tɪ gɪt ðoʊz ˈnəmbərz, ju ər ɔn træk. rɪˈmɛmbər wəns əˈgɛn, haʊ ˈdɪfəkəlt strit fəˈtɑgrəfi ɪz. 2 stɑrt ɔf baɪ ˈæskɪŋ fər pərˈmɪʃən aɪ θɪŋk wən əv ðə bɛst weɪz tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm jʊr fɪr əv ˈʃutɪŋ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi ɪz tɪ æsk fər pərˈmɪʃən. ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ju æsk fər pərˈmɪʃən ɪn strit fəˈtɑgrəfi min ðət ɪt strit photography.”*.” ðə bɛst strit ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs tɛnd tɪ bi ˈkændɪd, bət aɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ sin greɪt strit ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs ʃɑt ɪn ˈhɪstəri ðət ər wɪθ pərˈmɪʃən (ˌɪmˈplɪsət ər ɪkˈsplɪsət). fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, lʊk æt ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv daɪæn arbus*, ˈvɪviən meɪər, ər ˈwɪljəm klaɪn. soʊ ən ɪgˈzæmpəl ju kən du ɪz lʊk fər ə ˈstreɪnʤər ju faɪnd ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ənd seɪ, mi, maɪ neɪm ɪz (ˌɪnˈsərt neɪm) ənd aɪ æm ə fəˈtɑgrəfi ˈstudənt. aɪ θɪŋk ju lʊk ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ bɪˈkəz (x,y,z*) ənd aɪ wʊd ləv tɪ meɪk ə ˈpɔrtrət əv ju. wʊd ju maɪnd ɪf aɪ meɪd ə ˈpɔrtrət əv you?”*?” ðɪs ɪz ə greɪt bɪˈgɪnɪŋ skrɪpt bɪˈkəz baɪ ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf ənd ˈʃɛrɪŋ ðət ə fəˈtɑgrəfi ˈstudənt, ɪt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈpipəl. ənd nɑt laɪɪŋ either—*— wi ər ɔl ˈstudənts ɪn fəˈtɑgrəfi (wi ər ɔl ˈlərnɪŋ). ˈfərðərˌmɔr, baɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ wət ju faɪnd ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ əˈbaʊt them—*— ðeɪ wɪl ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ju wɔnt tɪ meɪk ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ðɛm, ənd jʊr ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz. ðɪs ˈsɪgnəlz ðət ju ʤɪst səm ˈwɪrdoʊ, səm ˈpərvərt, ər spaɪ fər ðə pəˈlis. ˈlæstli, ˈnoʊtɪs haʊ aɪ roʊt ə photo”*”. ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ““taking”*” ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ənd ““making”*” ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛnt. ə photo”*” ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst laɪk ˈstilɪŋ soʊl. ə photo”*” ɪz məʧ mɔr creative—*— ənd kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv. ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə, wi seɪ ə photo”*” (ˈæˌkʧuəli ðɪs ɪz wət ə lɔt əv ˌjʊrəˈpiənz seɪ) ənd ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ər kənfˈjuzd wɪn ðeɪ hir ðɪs freɪz. bət ɪt ɪz məʧ mɔr intriguing—*— ənd prəˈfɛʃənəl. ɪn ðə strit fəˈtɑgrəfi ˈwərkˌʃɑps ðət aɪ tiʧ, aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ gɪv ˈstudənts ə jɛs, 5 no”*” əˈsaɪnmənt ɪn wɪʧ ðɛr əˈsaɪnmənt ɪz tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðɛr fɪr əv rɪˈʤɛkʃən baɪ əˈproʊʧɪŋ ə bənʧ əv ˈstreɪnʤərz ənd ˈgɪtɪŋ 5 ˈstreɪnʤərz tɪ seɪ ““yes”*” tɪ ˈhævɪŋ ðɛr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈteɪkən, ənd 5 ˈstreɪnʤərz tɪ seɪ ““no”*” tɪ hæv ðɛr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈteɪkən. aɪ θɪŋk wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst fɪrz ɪn strit fəˈtɑgrəfi ɪz ðə fɪr əv rejection—*— nɑt ðə rɪˈʤɛkʃən ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɪf ju treɪn ˈjɔrsɛlf tɪ bi ˈkəmfərtəbəl biɪŋ rɪˈʤɛktɪd ju wɪl bɪld ə ˈθɪkər skɪn ənd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪld mɔr ˈkɑnfədɛns. naʊ wɛˈnɛvər aɪ si ˈsəmˌwən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ðət aɪ wɔnt tɪ æsk fər pərˈmɪʃən tɪ ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ðɛm, aɪ θɪŋk tɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf: wərst ðət ðeɪ wɪl seɪ ɪz no.”*.” soʊ ɪf ju ər skɛrd tɪ teɪk ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ˈsəmˌwən, ənd skɛrd ðət ðeɪ maɪt bi əˈfɛndɪd ər gɪt ˈæŋgri, stɑrt ɔf baɪ ˈbɪldɪŋ jʊr ˈkɑnfədɛns baɪ ˈæskɪŋ fər pərˈmɪʃən. 3 ˌɪˈmæʤən ðət ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ hæv ðɛr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈteɪkən aɪ noʊ ə lɔt əv strit fəˈtɑgrəfərz hu heɪt ˈhævɪŋ ðɛr oʊn photo—*— ənd ðeɪ ˈprɑʤɛkt ðət ˈɔntu ðə wərld baɪ əˈsumɪŋ ðət ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls laɪk tɪ hæv ðɛr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈteɪkən ˈiðər. bət aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz ðə rɔŋ assumption—*— bɪˈkəz ðɛr ər səm ˈpipəl aʊt ðɛr hu ˈæˌkʧuəli laɪk ˈhævɪŋ ðɛr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈteɪkən. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, aɪ ˈpərsənəli ləv biɪŋ ˈfoʊtəˌgræft. ˈðɛrˌfɔr aɪ ful ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈɪntu ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðət ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls aʊt ðɛr laɪks biɪŋ ˈfoʊtəˌgræft. naʊ ðɪs ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ðə case—*— bət aɪ faɪnd ðət ðə ˈvɪʒən aɪ ˈprɑʤɛkt əˈpɑn ðə wərld bɪˈkəmz ə ˌriˈæləˌti. bɪˈkəz aɪ əˈsum ðət ˈɛvriˌwən wɔnts tɪ bi ˈfoʊtəˌgræft, aɪ wɪl ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ˈstreɪnʤərz wɪθ ə smaɪl ɔn ðə feɪs (nɑt ɪn ə ˈkripi weɪ), ənd du ɪt wɪθ ləv ənd ˈɑnəsti. ˈpipəl ðɛn ˈʤɛnərəli riækt ˈvɛri ˈpɑzətɪvli tɪ mi, ənd aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz traɪ tɪ tɛl ˈpipəl you”*” ˈæftər ˈfoʊtəˌgræfɪŋ ðɛm (ˈkændɪdli ənd wɪˈθaʊt pərˈmɪʃən). ˈɔlsoʊ ɛz ə kwɪk side-note*, aɪ ʃut əˈbaʊt 80 əv maɪ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi wɪˈθaʊt pərˈmɪʃən, ənd 20 wɪθ pərˈmɪʃən. ˈɛniˌweɪz, ɪf ju hæv ə ˈpɑzətɪv ˈaʊˌtlʊk əv ðə wərld ənd əv ˈstreɪnʤərz (əˈsum ðət ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɪz ə gʊd ˈpərsən ənd ˈfrɛndli), ˈpipəl wɪl riækt ðət weɪ. ɪf ju əˈsum ˈəðərz laɪk biɪŋ ˈfoʊtəˌgræft ənd wɪl gɪt pɪst ɔf, ðeɪ wɪl gɪt pɪst ɔf ənd riækt ˈnɛgətɪvli. 4 smaɪl ənd seɪ you”*” wən əv ðə bɛst weɪz tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm jʊr fɪr əv ˈʃutɪŋ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi (ənd rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈkɑnflɪkts) ɪz ˈsɪmpli baɪ sˈmaɪlɪŋ. sˈmaɪlɪŋ ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst kənˈteɪʤəs ˈjumən ˈækʃənz. ɪf ju smaɪl æt ˈsəmˌwən, ðeɪ wɪl smaɪl bæk æt ju ˈɔlˌmoʊst 99 əv ðə taɪm (ˈpræktɪs ðɪs wɪθ ə ˈstreɪnʤər, aɪ dɛr ju). ɪn saɪˈkɑləʤi ðɛr həz bɪn ə lɔt əv ˈstədi əv neurons”*” ɪn wɪʧ wi ˈkɑpi wət ˈækʃənz ˈəðərz du ˈəntu ˈjuˈɛs. soʊ fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪt ɪz ˌfɪziəˈlɑʤɪkli waɪərd ðət ɪf ˈsəmˌwən smaɪlz æt ˈjuˈɛs, wi wɪl smaɪl bæk æt ðɛm. ˌhaʊˈɛvər aɪ noʊ ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl hu seɪ, ʃʊr, ju kʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli smaɪl ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə ər ˈsɪti ɛks, bət ɪt wʊd ˈnɛvər wərk ɪn maɪ ˈsɪti ər country.”*.” aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz ðə rɔŋ aɪˈdiə tɪ have—*— aɪ θɪŋk ɛz ˈjumən biɪŋz wi ər məʧ mɔr ˈsɪmələr ðən dɪˈsɪmələr. ʃʊr wi hæv ˈdɪfərənt ˈkəlʧərəl nɔrmz, bət ɑr baɪˈɑləʤi (rɪˈspɑndɪŋ ˈpɑzətɪvli tɪ sˈmaɪlɪŋ) ˈɔfən ˌoʊvərˈpaʊərz ɪt. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ θɪŋk ə lɔt əv ˈstreɪnʤərz ər səˈspɪʃəs əv ˈjuˈɛs strit fəˈtɑgrəfərz ˈʃutɪŋ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ðɛm wɪˈθaʊt pərˈmɪʃən. ðeɪ ər ˈwərid əv kˈwɛsʧənz laɪk, ɪz ðət ˈstreɪnʤər ˈteɪkɪŋ maɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ? wət wɪl ðeɪ du wɪθ maɪ photograph?”*?” baɪ sˈmaɪlɪŋ ənd seɪɪŋ you”*” ˈæftər ˈteɪkɪŋ ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ˈsəmˌwən, ɪt ˈɪnstəntli ˈsɪgnəlz tɪ ðɛm ðət ju ən ˈɛnəmi ər ˈsəmˌwən traɪɪŋ tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ məˈlɪʃəs. ˈrəðər, ðət ju ər ˈsəmˌwən hu ɪz ˈhɑrmləs ənd kən bi ˈtrəstɪd. ˈnaʊəˌdeɪz ˈivɪn wɪn nɑt ˈʃutɪŋ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi, aɪ wɪl traɪ tɪ smaɪl, weɪv, ənd seɪ hɛˈloʊ tɪ ˈstreɪnʤərz. aɪ hæv faʊnd ðɪs ə greɪt weɪ tɪ bɪld əp maɪ ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn strit photography—*— ənd aɪ ˈvælju ə lɔt əv ðiz ˈrændəm ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz aɪ hæv wɪθ ˈstreɪnʤərz. ˈivɪn wɪn ðɛr ɪz ˈɔkwərd ˈsaɪləns bɪtˈwin mi ənd ə ˈstreɪnʤər (wɪn ɪn ən ˈɛləˌveɪtər, ˈweɪtɪŋ ɪn laɪn, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə) aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz traɪ tɪ breɪk ðə aɪs ənd ʤɪst seɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk, ɪz jʊr deɪ going?”*?” bɪˈliv ɪt ər not—*— moʊst ˈpipəl ˈoʊpən əp ənd ər kwaɪt ˈhæpi tɪ straɪk əp ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən. 5 ʃut frəm ðə hɪp wən əv ðə ˈpræktɪkəl tɪps aɪ hæv tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm jʊr fɪr əv ˈʃutɪŋ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi ɪz tɪ nɑt frəm ðə hip”*” (ˈʃutɪŋ ɪn ə sˈniki ˈmænər wɪθ jʊr ˈkæmərə æt ənd nɑt ˈlʊkɪŋ θru ðə vˈjuˌfaɪndər). aɪ juzd tɪ ʃut ə lɔt frəm ðə hɪp wɪn aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ɔf ɪn strit fəˈtɑgrəfi, bət aɪ hæv stɑpt sɪns ðɛn. waɪ? aɪ faʊnd ðət ˈʃutɪŋ frəm ðə hɪp ˈæˌkʧuəli hərt maɪ ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn strit fəˈtɑgrəfi. aɪ ʃɑt frəm ðə hɪp bɪˈkəz aɪ wɑz əˈfreɪd tɪ meɪk aɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ˈstreɪnʤərz, tɪ kənˈfrənt ˈpipəl, ənd ɪt bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈbɛriər fər mi tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli brɪŋ maɪ ˈkæmərə əp tɪ maɪ vˈjuˌfaɪndər. ˈɔlsoʊ aɪ θɪŋk ðət ˈʃutɪŋ frəm ðə hɪp ɪz sneaky—*— ənd ɪf ju gɪt kɔt frəm ˈʃutɪŋ frəm ðə hɪp (ər biɪŋ sˈniki), ˈpipəl wɪl bi ˈivɪn ˈæŋgriər ðən ɪf ju wər mɔr ˈoʊpən ənd ˈɑnəst baɪ ˈʃutɪŋ wɪθ ðə vˈjuˌfaɪndər tɪ jʊr aɪ. soʊ ʃut ˈoʊpənli, ˈɑnəstli, ənd haɪd ðə fækt ðət ju ər ˈʃutɪŋ. ˈæftər ɔl, duɪŋ ˈnəθɪŋ rɔŋ. 6 ˈpræktɪs ˈpɑzətɪv saɪˈkɑləʤi aɪ noʊ ðɪs saʊnz ˈʧizi ənd new-agey*, bət ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˈpɑzətɪv saɪˈkɑləʤi ɪz ə gʊd weɪ tɪ jʊr breɪn tɪ bɪld ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn strit fəˈtɑgrəfi. wɛˈnɛvər aɪ æm aʊt ˈʃutɪŋ, aɪ traɪ tɪ tɛl ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, æm duɪŋ ə gʊd θɪŋ baɪ ˈʃutɪŋ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi. aɪ æm ˈkɑnfədənt. aɪ æm ˈhævɪŋ ə greɪt deɪ. aɪ æm ˈfɪrləs. aɪ ˈhɛzəˌteɪt wɪn ˈʃutɪŋ ɔn ðə streets.”*.” baɪ ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ðiz θɔts ɪn maɪ maɪnd, maɪ ˈækʃənz ˈfɑloʊ. baɪ ˈhævɪŋ ˈpɑzətɪv thoughts—*— aɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪˈkəm mɔr ˈpɑzətɪv ənd ˈkɑnfədənt ˈfɪzɪkəli ənd ˈmɛnəli. ˈoʊvərˌkəmɪŋ jʊr fɪr əv ˈʃutɪŋ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈdɪfəkəlt θɪŋz. ɪt teɪks ə lɔŋ taɪm. ˈivɪn ˈæftər 8 jɪrz əv ˈʃutɪŋ strit fəˈtɑgrəfi, aɪ stɪl feɪs fear.”*.” bət fear”*” ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ bi avoided—*— ɪt ɪz jʊr frɛnd. ɪt ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət riˈmaɪndz ju ðət ju ər ə ˈjumən biɪŋ, ənd ðət ju wɔnt tɪ teɪk ə ˈsərtən ˈfoʊtəˌgræf. ˈəltəmətli, wɛˈnɛvər aɪ hæv ðət gət ˈfilɪŋ əv fɪr ɪn maɪ ˈstəmək wɪn aɪ wɔnt tɪ teɪk ə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf, aɪ θɪŋk tu much—*— aɪ ʤɪst klɪk ðə ˈʃətər. ju don’*’ wɔnt tɪ ənd ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. wɪn skɛrd, klɪk. soʊ wɪn ɔn ðə strits, ʃut ˈoʊpənli, ˈɑnəstli, ənd ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈkɛri ə bɪg smaɪl ɔn jʊr feɪs. ˈpræktɪs ˈrɪli dɪz meɪk ˈpərˌfɪkt, ənd ðə mɔr ju goʊ aʊt ənd shoot—*— ðə mɔr ˈkɑnfədənt ju wɪl bɪˈkəm.

all photographs are copyrighted and used with permission. street photography isn’t the easiest discipline. the idea of bringing one’s camera into an uncontrolled situation, where anything can happen and the scene is never the same, can be intimidating, and understandable. what we thought would be helpful is a collection of experiences from several prominent street photographers about this very topic. so jump in and hear from some of the biggest names today. nicholas goodden what is street photography? to keep it short and sweet, street photography is photographing people (although some may argue it does not need people) in their everyday lives who aren’t posing for you. if you take a photo of a street…this is not street photography. you just have to try and tell a story or capture something exceptional. it’s the biggest challenge: to make your photo interesting to the viewer. but not too keen to discuss the in-depth definition as it’s just another rule / barrier to stop you shooting. i prefer to think of myself as an urban photographer rather than a street photographer. being pigeon holed into street photography is a little too limiting considering it’s only a part of what i do, which i like to refer to as london urban photography. i shoot london’s diversity, in urban landscape, in people, architecture. my photography has a lot of contrasts and layers just like london does. so going back to street photography, how did i get over the initial fear of shooting people without their knowledge? well let’s be honest if going to discuss it. everyone is different and every photographer will have a different approach. i wouldn’t call it fear for me but i still get a small adrenaline rush and certain apprehension before i decide to shove my camera within 3 feet of a total stranger and press the shutter. there are just different ways to do it. some will recommend that you use a telephoto lens to gradually conquer that fear from a distance. i disagree. drop the zoom, go prime lens (35mm or 50mm) and shoot close, it’s the only way to build immunity and build a (short lived) relationship with your subject. in the same way that if you are scared of the sea, not sure taking a bath will really help. first, be clever and assess your surroundings. there is always a possibility get punched, i but i think it’s good to be street wise and think, “is this person likely to punch or bite me?” then i tend to like busy/noisy streets. there are a few reasons for that. the first one is that you won’t get noticed as much, blend in better (also a good reason to carry a small camera, mirrorless type). another is that it will buffer the sound from your shutter. it may sound silly but in a quiet street, people will sometimes hear it since you are so close from their face. i once was walking in a quiet street and passed that couple and took the shot. they hadn’t seen the camera and i kept walking when i heard her say to him “did this guy just take our photo?”. i just kept walking hoping they wouldn’t call the weirdo police. what works for me is shooting from the hip. when people pass by you and look at you they will normally go for eye contact… fewer will look at your crotch. it’s not an easy technique. i admit i used to think people shooting from the hip were just hoping for the best and it was all down to luck and they were just not that good. for my “the great londoners” body of work i shot from the hip for an entire year. what starts by being down to luck becomes fine-tuned and soon enough it’s a perfected technique that requires skill. i shot this entire series from the hip in manual mode with a 35mm lens (17.5mm on my e-m1). zone focusing, meaning i had the focus set 3 feet away from me and had to shoot exactly when the person walked at that spot. it was particularly tricky as i had a moving target, the aperture was wide open at f0.95 to f1.4, leaving me with a very shallow depth of field and therefore very narrow margin for error in getting that focused shot in manual. so going back to conquering fear, this is how i sometimes do it. i find from the hip a lot easier to get close. many people ask me if i ask people i shoot for their permission. my view is that if you spend your time asking for permission in life, you never get anywhere. the daughter of this man (i shot as part of “the great londoners” exhibition i currently have in london) actually saw his photo on my website. what are the odds? and guess what, she didn’t sue me, no she loved it and asked me to buy the photo (i did give her a 50% discount!). not everyone will react badly, quite the opposite. the world isn’t such a bad evil place like the media portrays. everyone with a camera isn’t necessarily a terrorist either. the first step to feel confident in taking photos is knowing you are not doing anything wrong. as street photographers we are documenting. in a century or two people will (hopefully) look at our photos and be able to understand what life was in our days. just the same way we can look at photos of last century and understand better. like anything it’s practice that will get you over any mental blocks and generally improve your knowledge of the camera. so just go out and shoot, shoot and shoot some more. rinzi ruiz i think that when i started out shooting on the street i tended to be a little self-conscious and definitely inexperienced. going out to shoot was a bit of therapy for me at the time (and still somewhat is) and i wanted it to be a pleasant and relaxing activity but those self-conscious thoughts would get in the way from time to time. through going out more and more often and changing my thoughts, my experiences became even more positive. i put it in my mind that what doing is for fun, that i need to just breathe and relax, that practicing to get better, that nothing negative would happen to me and just focus on getting the pictures i like. i focused more on making my thoughts and energy more positive when i was walking around and that really changed my entire experience. getting out as often as i could to practice helped a lot and in combination with my beliefs really got me to the point where i was more comfortable with taking pictures of random people. i found that i had more positive interactions when interactions occurred and only a few people reacted in a negative way. in the 4 years i’ve been shooting the street seriously i’ve only had 4 negative reactions and they were from people i wasn’t’ taking pictures of. it was also how i reacted to their negativity that made the difference. i believe that how you think creates your reality so i just changed my thoughts and feelings to how i wanted. thoughts of what others think or what they’d do is out of my control and since i can’t read minds i just dropped those negative thoughts and the feelings they produce. it does take a lot of practice to change negative thoughts and feelings to become positive but that is really the key to getting over the fear of shooting on the street and just enjoying the process. eric kim i think street photography is one of the most frightening and difficult genres of photography out there. there are so many things you have to worry about when it comes to street photography. you have to deal with overcoming the fear of shooting strangers by worrying about if they might yell at you, threaten you with physical violence, or even call the cops on you. i have shot street photography for around 8 years (started when i was 18, and now 26), and i’ve built up a lot of my confidence over the years. but get me wrong— the fear of shooting street photography still exists. and glad it exists. it means that i am a human being— if we didn’t have any fear inside of us, we wouldn’t be fully human. i have also discovered that it is a good thing to have fear when it comes to street photography. why is that? i have found the following: whenever i fear shooting a street photograph, it means i have to take the photo. what do i mean by that? if you see a great scene, or an interesting person and you have that gut feeling that you want to shoot it (but you have the fear), it is your brain telling you: “i know you are afraid of taking the photo, but you really need to shoot it— because there is something interesting or fascinating you find about the scene.” how to overcome this fear? i honestly think that street photography is 80% psychological (mental, overcoming your fear of shooting street photography, and overcoming hesitation), and 20% shooting. i think the shooting part of street photography is relatively easy, it is overcoming the fear which is difficult. so here are some strategies i have incorporated to overcome the fear: 1. identify the fear first of all, what are you really afraid of? there are certain things you might fear: • fear of getting physically assaulted (having your camera broken, having your face bashed in, etc). • fear of being socially judged (people might think you are weird, your friends might judge you negatively for shooting street photography, upsetting people, or breaching their personal space) • fear of not making a good photo (being a perfectionist and worrying that the photo you make won’t be the perfect one). i think once you are able to identify your fear, you are able to make much more rational decisions when it comes to street photography. for example: – fear of getting physically assaulted honestly i have never really heard of any street photographer who died shooting street photography. as scary as street photography may be— it isn’t war photography. we aren’t literally putting our lives on the line shooting street photography. i ever heard of a story of a street photographer getting punched, stabbed, or physically injured from just taking photos of strangers on the streets. personally i have 1–2 people act physically against me in the last 8 years. i have been shoved once or twice, and had people try to take my camera from me. but this is the odd crazy person— and i have probably gotten into more car accidents over the last 8 years (than had confrontations in street photography). but according to my rough statistics, for every 100 photos of strangers i photograph, i only get 1–2 negative reactions (and these are more of people yelling at me and getting upset, then getting physically violent). also realize it is your legal right to take photos of strangers in public. and if people do physically assault you, they are at fault and you can technically sue them. so if they touch you, you sue them, and you buy a new leica! everybody is happy. no but seriously, be so worried about physical violence in street photography. it rarely ever escalates this far— most people are quite adverse to starting physical fights. people talk a lot of shit with their words, but rarely with their fists. – fear of being socially judged this is something you are going to have to deal with as a street photographer. people will judge you— as it is against the social norm to photograph a stranger without his/her permission. but so what? who cares? if you are a “weirdo”— who gives a shit? i would rather live a life that is true to myself— and do what i love and am passionate about, without worrying about how others are judging me. and furthermore, realize that as a street photographer, you are doing a good thing for society. you are documenting the world around you, documenting history, and capturing the beauty in the mundane. so if someone judges you for taking a photo of a stranger, just smile and take it personally. – fear of not making a good photo i also know a lot of street photographers who are perfectionists, and the reason they hesitate before shooting a photo is because they are worried that they won’t make a good street photograph. therefore one of the best ways to overcome this is to not worry so much. think that every photograph you shoot has to be a masterpiece. just shoot from the gut. if you see something that you might find interesting, think too much— just shoot. you shoot masterpieces every single image. a lot of making “good images” is in the editing phase (choosing your best images). most street photographers i talk to (who are on the top of their game) admit to only making 1 good street photograph a month, and 1 great street photograph a year. if you aim to get those numbers, you are on track. remember once again, how difficult street photography is. 2. start off by asking for permission i think one of the best ways to overcome your fear of shooting street photography is to ask for permission. just because you ask for permission in street photography doesn’t mean that it “isn’t street photography.” the best street photographs tend to be candid, but i have also seen great street photographs shot in history that are with permission (implicit or explicit). for example, look at the photos of diane arbus, vivian maier, or william klein. so an example you can do is look for a stranger you find interesting and say, “excuse me, my name is (insert name) and i am a photography student. i think you look interesting because (x,y,z) and i would love to make a portrait of you. would you mind if i made a portrait of you?” this is a great beginning script because by introducing yourself and sharing that you’re a photography student, it immediately disarms people. and you’re not lying either— we are all students in photography (we are all learning). furthermore, by identifying what you find interesting about them— they will better understand why you want to make a photo of them, and your intentions. this signals that you aren’t just some weirdo, some pervert, or spy for the police. lastly, notice how i wrote “make a photo”. the difference between “taking” a photo and “making” a photo is intent. “taking a photo” is almost like stealing someone’s soul. “making a photo” is much more creative— and collaborative. in america, we say “make a photo” (actually this is what a lot of europeans say) and a lot of people are confused when they hear this phrase. but it is much more intriguing— and professional. in the street photography workshops that i teach, i also give students a “5 yes, 5 no” assignment in which their assignment is to overcome their fear of rejection by approaching a bunch of strangers and getting 5 strangers to say “yes” to having their photo taken, and 5 strangers to say “no” to have their photo taken. i think one of the biggest fears in street photography is the fear of rejection— not the rejection itself. therefore if you train yourself to be comfortable being rejected you will build a thicker skin and also build more confidence. now whenever i see someone interesting that i want to ask for permission to photograph them, i think to myself: “the worst that they will say is no.” so if you are scared to take a photo of someone, and scared that they might be offended or get angry, start off by building your confidence by asking for permission. 3. imagine that they want to have their photo taken i know a lot of street photographers who hate having their own photo— and they project that onto the world by assuming that everyone else doesn’t like to have their photo taken either. but i think this is the wrong assumption— because there are some people out there who actually like having their photo taken. for example, i personally love being photographed. therefore i fool myself into thinking that everyone else out there likes being photographed. now this isn’t necessarily the case— but i find that the vision i project upon the world becomes a reality. because i assume that everyone wants to be photographed, i will photograph strangers with a smile on the face (not in a creepy way), and do it with love and honesty. people then generally react very positively to me, and i always try to tell people “thank you” after photographing them (candidly and without permission). also as a quick side-note, i shoot about 80% of my street photography without permission, and 20% with permission. anyways, if you have a positive outlook of the world and of strangers (assume that everybody is a good person and friendly), people will react that way. if you assume others like being photographed and will get pissed off, they will get pissed off and react negatively. 4. smile and say “thank you” one of the best ways to overcome your fear of shooting street photography (and reducing conflicts) is simply by smiling. smiling is one of the most contagious human actions. if you smile at someone, they will smile back at you almost 99% of the time (practice this with a stranger, i dare you). in psychology there has been a lot of study of “mirror neurons” in which we copy what actions others do unto us. so for example, it is physiologically wired that if someone smiles at us, we will smile back at them. however i know a lot of people who say, “oh sure, you could probably smile in america or city x, but it would never work in my city or country.” i think this is the wrong idea to have— i think as human beings we are much more similar than dissimilar. sure we have different cultural norms, but our biology (responding positively to smiling) often overpowers it. i also think a lot of strangers are suspicious of us street photographers shooting photos of them without permission. they are worried of questions like, “why is that stranger taking my photo? what will they do with my photograph?” by smiling and saying “thank you” after taking a photo of someone, it instantly signals to them that you aren’t an enemy or someone trying to do something malicious. rather, that you are someone who is harmless and can be trusted. nowadays even when not shooting street photography, i will try to smile, wave, and say hello to strangers. i have found this a great way to build up my confidence in street photography— and i value a lot of these random conversations i have with strangers. even when there is awkward silence between me and a stranger (when in an elevator, waiting in line, etc) i always try to break the ice and just say something like, “how is your day going?” believe it or not— most people open up and are quite happy to strike up a conversation. 5. shoot from the hip one of the practical tips i have to overcome your fear of shooting street photography is to not “shoot from the hip” (shooting in a sneaky manner with your camera at waist-level and not looking through the viewfinder). i used to shoot a lot from the hip when i started off in street photography, but i have stopped since then. why? i found that shooting from the hip actually hurt my confidence in street photography. i shot from the hip because i was afraid to make eye contact with strangers, to confront people, and it became a barrier for me to actually bring my camera up to my viewfinder. also i think that shooting from the hip is sneaky— and if you get caught from shooting from the hip (or being sneaky), people will be even angrier than if you were more open and honest by shooting with the viewfinder to your eye. so shoot openly, honestly, and hide the fact that you are shooting. after all, you’re doing nothing wrong. 6. practice positive psychology i know this sounds cheesy and new-agey, but practicing positive psychology is a good way to re-wire your brain to build confidence in street photography. whenever i am out shooting, i try to tell myself, “i am doing a good thing by shooting street photography. i am confident. i am having a great day. i am fearless. i won’t hesitate when shooting on the streets.” by practicing these thoughts in my mind, my actions follow. by having positive thoughts— i actually become more positive and confident physically and mentally. overcoming your fear of shooting street photography is one of the most difficult things. it takes a long time. even after 8 years of shooting street photography, i still face “the fear.” but “the fear” isn’t something to be avoided— it is your friend. it is something that reminds you that you are a human being, and that you want to take a certain photograph. ultimately, whenever i have that gut feeling of fear in my stomach when i want to take a photograph, i think too much— i just click the shutter. you don’ want to overanalyze and overthink a situation. when you’re scared, click. so when you’re on the streets, shoot openly, honestly, and always carry a big smile on your face. practice really does make perfect, and the more you go out and shoot— the more confident you will become.

ˈplænɪŋ tɪ baɪ ðə ˈbroʊkən aɪ? ɔˈrɛdi gɑt ðə bʊk ɔn ˈɔrdər? ˈɔsəm. lɛt mi gɪv ju fri stəf! ɛz ə ˈspɛʃəl tɪ ðoʊz əv ju hu pre-order*, ˈgɪvɪŋ əˈweɪ ə ˈθaʊzənd saɪnd ənd tu ˈbrændˌnu ˈpisɪz əv ˈfɪkʃən. 1 frəm ðə ˈjunəˌvərs: apprentice.”*.” ə ʃɔrt ˈstɔri ˈfiʧərɪŋ kɪp. 2a*) frəm midcyru*: ““i*, naɪt angel.”*.” ˈfiʧərɪŋ kylar*. ðɪs meɪ bi ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ə nu naɪt ˈeɪnʤəl ˈnɑvəl. 2b*) prɪˈfər audiobooks*, ər ʤɪst lɔŋ tɪ hir ðə toʊnz əv maɪ ˈrəgəd mɑnˈtænə ˈækˌsɛnt? ju kən ˈiðər rɛd ər ˈlɪsən tɪ mi ˈnɛˌreɪt ““i*, naɪt angel.”*.” ər goʊ waɪld ənd du boʊθ. aɪ ʤəʤ. 3 oʊ, ənd wən mɔr θɪŋ. ˈkʊkɪŋ əp ə nu ə nis ˈstɪkər tɪ pʊt ɪn ðə frənt əv jʊr bʊk wɪθ ˈkəstəm ɑrt ɔn ɪt. fər ðə fərst ˈθaʊzənd ˈpipəl, meɪl ju wən. saɪnd baɪ mi. fri. ˈpoʊstɪʤ ɔn ˈjuˈɛs. bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ boʊθ ˈstɔriz frəm jʊr kəmˈpjutər, jʊr smɑrt foʊn, jʊr ˈkɪndəl nʊk, ər ˈəðər e-reader*. tɪ faɪnd aʊt haʊ tɪ gɪt jʊr lut, goʊ jɛt???? goʊ hir fər ə lɔŋ lɪst əv ˈriˌteɪlərz. ˈkərəntli juz., u.k*., ənd ˈkænədə ˈoʊnli. ˈfʊlər ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən hir.

planning to buy the broken eye? already got the book on order? awesome. let me give you free stuff! as a special thank-you to those of you who pre-order, giving away a thousand signed bookplates and two brand-new pieces of fiction. 1) from the lightbringer universe: “gunner’s apprentice.” a short story featuring kip. 2a) from midcyru: “i, night angel.” featuring kylar. this may be the beginning of a new night angel novel. 2b) prefer audiobooks, or just long to hear the honeyed-gravel tones of my rugged montana accent? you can either read or listen to me narrate “i, night angel.” or go wild and do both. i judge. 3) oh, and one more thing. we’re cooking up a new bookplate — that’s a nice sticker to put in the front of your book with custom art on it. for the first thousand people, we’ll mail you one. signed by me. free. postage on us. you’ll be able to enjoy both stories from your computer, your smart phone, your kindle nook, or other e-reader. to find out how to get your loot, go here.* haven’t pre-ordered yet???? go here for a long list of retailers. * currently u.s., u.k., and canada only. fuller explanation here.

4.56* ˈbɪljən? ju lʊk ə deɪ ˈoʊvər 6000 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ tiʧ ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi ˈtiˌsərt kwɪk ˈbækˌgraʊnd: ɪn 2008 gəv. ˈbɑbi saɪnd ðə luˌiziˈænə saɪəns ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ækt ˈɪntu lɔ. ɪf ðɛr ɪz ə mɔr lɔ, ˌənəˈwɛr əv ɪt: ə ˈbleɪtənt əˈtɛmpt tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtərz tɪ tiʧ kriˈeɪʃəˌnɪzəm ɪn ˈpəblɪk skul saɪəns ˈklæsɪz. saɪəns ˈædvəˌkeɪt zæk ˈkɑplɪn (hu ɪz naʊ 21 həz traɪd tɪ gɪt ðə lɔ rɪˈpild ˈɛvəri jɪr, ənd ˈɛvəri jɪr ðə əˈpil ɪz dɪˈnaɪd baɪ ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər. ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˈfʊtɪʤ əv ðə ˈhirɪŋz ɪz, kwaɪt ˈsɪmpli, brain-exploding*. ɪn 2013 wən ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtər æst ɪf i. ˈkoʊli bækˈtɪriə wʊd ɪˈvɑlv ˈɪntu ə ˈjumən ənd əˈnəðər tɔkt wɪθ ˈdrɪpɪŋ kənˈtɛmpt fər ˈsaɪəntɪsts. ə θərd ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈtiʧɪŋz əv ə wɪʧ ˈdɔktər ɪn ðə ˈklæsˌrum. ðət læst ˈgɪləri, æt ɪt əˈgɛn ðɪs jɪr, seɪɪŋ proʊˈfaʊndli rɪˈdɪkjələs θɪŋz æt ðə ˈsɪriəsli, wɔʧ: traɪd ˈrɪli hɑrd, ənd ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈpipəl hæv juzd saɪəns fər ɔl sɔrts əv bæd θɪŋz, aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ˈsaɪəntɪsts ˈɛvər ˈbərnɪŋ dɪˈsɛnərz æt ðə steɪk. ənd ˈgɪləri ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈjuzɪz ðə wərd ““heretic”*” unironically*, əˈpɛrəntli ˈkluləs ɛz tɪ ðə ˈɔrəʤɪnz. θæŋk ˈhɛvənz fər sɛn. mɔˈrɛl, 3 hu skulz ˈgɪləri əˈbaʊt hu hɪˈstɔrɪkəli bərnd hum æt ðə steɪk. ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli, ðə ˈvɛri ˈɑrgjuəbli ˌənˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl education”*” lɔ wɑz əˈphɛld, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈkɑplɪn, du tɪ wən əv courage.”*.” maɪnd ju, ðɪs ɪz dɪˈspaɪt ˈkɑplɪn ˈhævɪŋ ˈækʧəwəl ˈɛvədəns biɪŋ juzd tɪ tiʧ kriˈeɪʃəˌnɪzəm ɪn skulz! bi blənt: ɪf aɪ wər ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈteɪkɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz frəm ˈstudənts hu ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd frəm luˌiziˈænə ˈpəblɪk skulz, kæst ə ˈkɛrfəl aɪ ˈoʊvər ðɛr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ðə ˈsaɪənsɪz. ðət maɪt bi ˈdɪfəkəlt fər luˌiziˈænə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, sɪns ɪz ˈplænɪŋ ɔn ˈbrutəli ˈkətɪŋ ðɛr ˈbəʤɪts, bət ə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈkɑnsəkwəns əv ðɪs sɔrt əv ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ðə students’*’ fɔlt, əv kɔrs, bət əv ðə luˌiziˈænə ˈsɪtɪzənz hu vote—or*, mɔr ˈlaɪkli, ɪˈlɛkʃən taɪm. ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈmætərz, ˈpipəl. ˈloʊkəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz ər ˈkrɪtɪkəl. ˈɛʤəˌkeɪt ˈjɔrsɛlf ɔn ðə ˈɪʃuz ənd ˈkænədɪts, ənd wɪn ðə taɪm kəmz, voʊt fər ðoʊz hu stɪk tɪ ˈrizənɪŋ. noʊ ɪgˌzæʤərˈeɪʃən tɪ seɪ ɑr fˈjuʧər dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ɪt. kərˈɛkʃən, meɪ 12 2015 æt utc*: aɪ ərˈɪʤənəli mɪˈsteɪtɪd ðət ˈgɪləri wɑz ə ˈdɛməˌkræt; ɛz hi wɑz ðə læst taɪm aɪ roʊt əˈbaʊt ɪm. hi ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt hɪz kərɪr ɛz ə rɪˈpəblɪkən, swɪʧt tɪ biɪŋ ə ˈdɛməˌkræt ɪn 2007 ðɛn ʧeɪnʤd ˈpɑrtiz əˈgɛn ɪn 2013 bæk tɪ rɪˈpəblɪkən.

4.56 billion? you don’t look a day over 6000. photo by teach the controversy t-shirt quick background: in 2008, creationist gov. bobby jindal signed the louisiana science education act into law. if there is a more orwellian-named law, i’m unaware of it: a blatant attempt to allow educators to teach creationism in public school science classes. science advocate zack kopplin (who is now 21) has tried to get the law repealed every year, and every year the appeal is denied by the legislature. watching footage of the hearings is, quite simply, brain-exploding. in 2013, one legislator asked if e. coli bacteria would evolve into a human and another talked with dripping contempt for scientists. a third actually advocated using the teachings of a witch doctor in the classroom. that last one—elbert guillory, r–district 24—was at it again this year, saying profoundly ridiculous things at the hearing.* seriously, watch: i’ve tried really hard, and although people have used science for all sorts of bad things, i can’t remember scientists ever burning dissenters at the stake. and guillory actually uses the word “heretic” unironically, apparently clueless as to the word’s origins. thank heavens for sen. jp morrell, d–district 3, who schools guillory about who historically burned whom at the stake. incredibly, the very arguably unconstitutional “science education” law was upheld, according to kopplin, due to one senator’s “lack of courage.” mind you, this is despite kopplin having actual evidence being used to teach creationism in schools! i’ll be blunt: if i were a university taking applications from students whoaduated from louisiana public schools, i’d cast a careful eye over their application, especially in the sciences. that might be difficult for louisiana universities, since jindal is planning on brutally cutting their budgets, but a necessary consequence of this sort of legislative environment. this is not the students’ fault, of course, but of the louisiana citizens who vote—or, more likely, don’t vote—at election time. voting matters, people. local elections are critical. educate yourself on the issues and candidates, and when the time comes, vote for those who stick to evidence-based reasoning. no exaggeration to say our future depends on it. correction, may 12, 2015, at 15:00 utc: i originally misstated that guillory was a democrat; as he was the last time i wrote about him. he started out his career as a republican, switched to being a democrat in 2007, then changed parties again in 2013 back to republican.

ˈrɛləvənt ˈɑrtɪkəl səˈlɛktɪd frəm ðə ˈɑrˌkaɪv, fərst ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2014 ʃɛdz laɪt ɔn ðə ənˈfoʊldɪŋ wɔr ɪn ˈsɪriə, ðə ˈkraɪsəs ɪn ðə gəlf steɪts ənd ðə ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˈrəʃə ənd ðə ˈjuˈɛs. ðə ˈditeɪlz ər ˈimərʤɪŋ əv ə nu ˈsikrɪt ənd kwaɪt ˈstupɪd dil ɔn ˈsɪriə ənd ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈaɪsəs. ɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ɔɪl ənd gæs kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈriʤən ənd ðə ˈwikənɪŋ əv ˈrəʃə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn baɪ ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiən ˈflədɪŋ ðə wərld ˈmɑrkɪt wɪθ ʧip ɔɪl. ˈditeɪlz wər kənˈkludɪd ɪn ðə sɛpˈtɛmbər ˈmitɪŋ baɪ ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ʤɑn ˈkɛri ənd ðə ˈsɔdi kɪŋ. ðə ˌənɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈkɑnsəkwəns wɪl bi tɪ pʊʃ ˈrəʃə ˈivɪn ˈfæstər tɪ tərn ist tɪ ˈʧaɪnə ənd jʊˈreɪʒə. wən əv ðə ˈwɪrdəst əˈnɑməliz əv ðə ˈrisənt ˈneɪtoʊ ˈbɑmɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn, əˈlɛʤədli əˈgɛnst ðə ˈaɪsəs ər ɪz ər ər daash*, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn jʊr ˈprɛfərəns, ɪz ðə fækt ðət wɪθ ˈmeɪʤər wɔr ˈreɪʤɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈrɪʧəst ɔɪl ˈriʤən, ðə praɪs əv krud ɔɪl həz bɪn ˈdrɑpɪŋ, drəˈmætɪkəli soʊ. sɪns ʤun wɪn ˈaɪsəs ˈsədənli ˈkæpʧərd ðə ˈriʤən əv ˌɪˈrɑk əraʊnd ˈmoʊsəl ənd ˌkɪrˈkʊk, ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk brɛnt praɪs əv krud ɔɪl drɑpt səm 20 frəm 112 tɪ əˈbaʊt 88 wərld ˈdeɪli dɪˈmænd fər ɔɪl həz nɑt drɑpt baɪ 20 ˌhaʊˈɛvər. ˈʧaɪnə ɔɪl dɪˈmænd həz nɑt ˈfɑlən 20 nɔr həz ˈjuˈɛs dəˈmɛstɪk ʃeɪl ɔɪl stɑk ˈrɪzən baɪ 21 wət həz ˈhæpənd ɪz ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈælaɪ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈoʊˌpɛk, ðə ˈkɪŋdəm əv ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, həz bɪn ˈflədɪŋ ðə ˈmɑrkɪt wɪθ dip ˈdɪˌskaʊnɪd ɔɪl, ˈtrɪgərɪŋ ə praɪs wɔr wɪˈθɪn ˈoʊˌpɛk, wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ sut ənd ˈpænɪk ˈsɛlɪŋ ʃɔrt ɪn ɔɪl fˈjuʧərz ˈmɑrkɪts. ðə ˈsɔdiz ər ˈtɑrgətɪŋ seɪlz tɪ ˈeɪʒə fər ðə ˈdɪˌskaʊnts ənd ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ɪts ˈmeɪʤər ˈeɪʒən ˈkəstəmər, ˈʧaɪnə wɛr ɪt ɪz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈɔfərɪŋ ɪts krud fər ə mɪr 50 tɪ 60 ə ˈbɛrəl ˈrəðər ðən ðə ˈərliər praɪs əv əraʊnd 100 1 ðət ˈsɔdi ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈdɪˌskaʊnɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ɪn tərn ɪz baɪ ɔl əˈpɪrəns biɪŋ koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈtrɛʒəri ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈwɔrˌfɛr ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən, ˈviə ɪts ˈɔfəs əv ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, ɪn kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˌɪnˈsaɪd pleɪərz ɔn wɔl strit hu kənˈtroʊl ɔɪl dərˈɪvətɪvz ˈtreɪdɪŋ. ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz ə ˈmɑrkɪt ˈpænɪk ðət ɪz ˈgeɪnɪŋ moʊˈmɛntəm ˈdeɪli. ˈʧaɪnə ɪz kwaɪt ˈhæpi tɪ baɪ ðə ʧip ɔɪl, bət hər kloʊz ˈælaɪz, ˈrəʃə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn, ər biɪŋ hɪt səˈvɪrli. ðə dil əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rəˈʃid abanmy*, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ɔɪl ˈpɑləsiz ənd strəˈtiʤɪk ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ˈsɛnər, ðə drəˈmætɪk praɪs kəˈlæps ɪz biɪŋ dɪˈlɪbərətli kɔzd baɪ ðə ˈsɔdiz, ˈlɑrʤəst prəˈdusər. ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈrizən kleɪmd ɪz tɪ geɪn nu ˈmɑrkɪts ɪn ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈmɑrkɪt əv ˈwikənɪŋ ɔɪl dɪˈmænd. ðə ril ˈrizən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ abanmy*, ɪz tɪ pʊt ˈprɛʃər ɔn ˌɪˈrɑn ɔn hər ˈnukliər ˈproʊˌgræm, ənd ɔn ˈrəʃə tɪ ɛnd hər səˈpɔrt fər bəˈʃɑr ɪn wɪn kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈlɔsɪz əv ˈrəʃən steɪt ˈnæʧərəl gæs seɪlz tɪ juˈkreɪn ənd ˈprɑspɛkts əv ə ˈkəˌtɔf əv ðə ˈtrænzɪt əv ˈrəʃən gæs tɪ ðə juʤ ˈmɑrkɪt ðɪs ˈwɪntər ɛz ˈstɑkˌpaɪlz bɪˈkəm loʊ, ðə ˈprɛʃər ɔn ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz hɪts ˈmɔˌskaʊ ˈdəbli. mɔr ðən 50 əv ˈrəʃən steɪt ˈrɛvəˌnu kəmz frəm ɪts ˈɛkspɔrt seɪlz əv ɔɪl ənd gæs. ðə ɔɪl praɪs məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən ɪz eɪmd æt dɪˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl strɔŋ əˈpoʊnənts əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈpɑləsiz. ˈtɑrgəts ˌɪnˈklud ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ˈsɪriə, boʊθ ˈælaɪz əv ˈrəʃə ɪn əˈpoʊzɪŋ ə ˈjuˈɛs soʊl ˌsupərˈpaʊər. ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈtərgət, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ˈrəʃə, ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈgreɪtəst θrɛt təˈdeɪ tɪ ðət ˌsupərˈpaʊər hiˈʤɛməni. ðə ˈstrætəʤi ɪz ˈsɪmələr tɪ wət ðə ˈjuˈɛs dɪd wɪθ ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ɪn 1986 wɪn ðeɪ ˈflədɪd ðə wərld wɪθ ˈsɔdi ɔɪl, kəˈlæpsɪŋ ðə praɪs tɪ bɪˈloʊ 10 ə ˈbɛrəl ənd dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi əv ˈælaɪ, ˈsɑdəm huˈseɪn ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk ənd, ˈəltəmətli, əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ɪˈkɑnəmi, ˈpeɪvɪŋ ðə weɪ fər ðə fɔl əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən. təˈdeɪ, ðə hoʊp ɪz ðət ə kəˈlæps əv ˈrəʃən ɔɪl ˈrɛvəˌnuz, kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ səˈlɛkt ˈsæŋkʃənz dɪˈzaɪnd baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɔfəs əv ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns wɪl drəˈmætɪkəli ˈwikən ɪˈnɔrmɪs dəˈmɛstɪk səˈpɔrt ənd kriˈeɪt kənˈdɪʃənz fər hɪz ˈəltəmət ˈoʊvərθˌroʊ. ɪt ɪz dumd tɪ feɪl fər ˈmɛni ˈrizənz, nɑt ðə list, bɪˈkəz ˈrəʃə həz ˈteɪkən ˈmeɪʤər strəˈtiʤɪk stɛps təˈgɛðər wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə ənd ˈəðər ˈneɪʃənz tɪ ˈlɛsən ɪts dɪˈpɛndəns ɔn ðə wɛst. ɪn fækt ðə ɔɪl ˈwɛpən ɪz ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈrisənt ˈrəʃən muvz tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɪts ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk paʊər ɔn ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪntərɪsts ənd ˈlɛsən dɪˈpɛndəns ɔn ðə ˈdɔlər ˈsɪstəm. ɪf ðə ˈdɔlər ˈsisɪz biɪŋ ðə ˈkərənsi əv wərld treɪd, əˈspɛʃəli ɔɪl treɪd, ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈtrɛʒəri ˈfeɪsɪz ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl kəˈtæstrəfi. fər ðɪs ˈrizən, aɪ kɔl ðə ɔɪl wɔr ə ˈvɛri ˈstupɪd ˈtæktɪk. ðə ˈsikrɪt dil ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 11 ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ˈkɛri mɛt ˈsɔdi kɪŋ ˌæbˈdələ æt hɪz ˈpæləs ɔn ðə rɛd si. ðə kɪŋ ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ˈfɔrmər hɛd əv ˈsɔdi ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, prɪns ˈbændɑr tɪ əˈtɛnd. ðɛr ə dil wɑz ˈhæmərd aʊt wɪʧ sɔ ˈsɔdi səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈsɪriən ˈɛrˌstraɪks əˈgɛnst ˈaɪsəs ɔn kənˈdɪʃən ˈwɔʃɪŋtən bækt ðə ˈsɔdiz ɪn ˈtɑpəlɪŋ əˈsɑd, ə fərm ˈælaɪ əv ˈrəʃə ənd də ˈfæktoʊ əv ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ən ˈɑbstəkəl tɪ ˈsɔdi ənd plænz tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə ˈimərʤɪŋ ˈnæʧərəl gæs ˈmɑrkɪt ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈlukrətɪv treɪd. ə rɪˈpɔrt ɪn ðə wɔl strit ˈʤərnəl ˈnoʊtɪd ðɛr hæd bɪn əv wərk baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ˈærəb ˈlidərz, hu əˈgrid ɔn ðə nid tɪ kˈwɑpərˌeɪt əˈgɛnst ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, bət nɑt haʊ ər wɪn. ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs geɪv ðə ˈsɔdiz ˈlɛvərɪʤ tɪ ˈɛkˌstrækt ə frɛʃ ˈjuˈɛs kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ bif əp ˈtreɪnɪŋ fər ˈrɛbəlz ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈmɪstər. əˈsɑd, huz dɪˈmaɪz ðə ˈsɔdiz stɪl si ɛz ə tɔp priority.”*.” 3 fər ðə ˈsɔdiz ðə wɔr ɪz bɪtˈwin tu kəmˈpitɪŋ ˈvɛktərz əv ˌɪsˈlɑm. ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, hoʊm tɪ ðə ˈseɪkrɪd ˈsɪtiz əv ˈmɛkə ənd məˈdinə, kleɪmz də ˈfæktoʊ səˈprɛməsi ɪn ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk wərld əv ˈsuni ˌɪsˈlɑm. ðə ˈsɔdi ˈsuni fɔrm ɪz, neɪmd fər ən ˈsɛnʧəri ˈbɛdəwən ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˌfəndəˈmɛnəlɪst ər neɪmd mʊˈhɑməd ˈɪbən al-wahha*. ðə ˈtælɪˌbæn dəraɪv frəm wɪθ ðə eɪd əv rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən. ðə gəlf ˈɛmərˌeɪts ənd kuˈweɪt ˈɔlsoʊ əˈdhɪr tɪ ðə ˈsuni əv ðə ˈsɔdiz, ɛz dɪz ðə ɪˈmɪr əv ˌkəˈtɑr. ˌɪˈrɑn ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd hɪˈstɔrɪkəli ɪz ðə hɑrt əv ðə sˈmɔlər brænʧ əv ˌɪsˈlɑm, ðə. ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪz səm 61 məˈʤɔrəti. ˈprɛzɪdənt, bəˈʃɑr ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ə ˈsætəˌlaɪt əv ðə brænʧ noʊn ɛz. səm 23 əv ˈtərki ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈməzlɪm. tɪ ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪt ðə ˈpɪkʧər mɔr, əˈkrɔs ə brɪʤ frəm ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə sɪts ðə ˈtaɪni ˈaɪlənd ˈkəntri, bɑˈreɪn wɛr ɛz ˈmɛni ɛz 75 əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪz bət ðə ˈrulɪŋ ˈfæməli ɪz ˈsuni ənd ˈfərmli taɪd tɪ ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə. mɔˈroʊvər, ðə ˈrɪʧəst ˈsɔdi ɔɪl ˈriʤən ɪz ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ ˈməzlɪmz hu wərk ðə ɔɪl ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃənz əv ræs tanura*. ən ɔɪl ənd gæs ˈpaɪˌplaɪn wɔr ðiz hɪˈstɔrɪk fɔlt laɪnz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˌɪsˈlɑm wɪʧ leɪ ˈdɔrmənt, wər brɔt ˈɪntu ə steɪt əv ˈoʊpən ˈwɔrˌfɛr wɪθ ðə ˈlɔnʧɪŋ əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ənd ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈhoʊli wɔr, ˈəðərˌwaɪz noʊn ɛz ðə ˈærəb spərɪŋ. ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ɛmˈbɛdɪd ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn ə fɔrm əv state”*” ˈsikrɪt ˈnɛtˌwərk, ənd ðɛr ˈæˌlaɪd ˈmidiə səʧ ɛz ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst, ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd ˈjuˈɛs ˈkoʊvərt ˈbækɪŋ əv ə pɛt siaɪeɪ ˈprɑʤɛkt noʊn ɛz ðə ˈməzlɪm ˈbrəðərˌhʊd. ɛz aɪ ˈditeɪl ɪn maɪ moʊst ˈrisənt bʊk, amerikas’*’ krig, ðə siaɪeɪ hæd ˈkəltəˌveɪtɪd taɪz tɪ ðə ˈtɛrərɪst ˈməzlɪm ˈbrəðərˌhʊd dɛθ kəlt sɪns ðə ˈərli 1950’s*. naʊ ɪf wi mæp ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz əv noʊn ˈnæʧərəl gæs rɪˈzərvz ɪn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈpərʒən gəlf ˈriʤən, ðə ˈmoʊtɪvz əv ðə ˌkəˈtɑr ənd ɪn fɪˈnænsɪŋ wɪθ ˈbɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ əˈsɑd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈsuni ˈaɪsəs, bɪˈkəmz ˈklɪrər. ˈnæʧərəl gæs həz bɪˈkəm ðə ˈfeɪvərd energy”*” sɔrs fər ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ənd ðə ɪz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst groʊθ ˈmɑrkɪt fər gæs, ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈrizən ˈwɔʃɪŋtən wɔnts tɪ breɪk ðə səˈplaɪ dɪˈpɛndənsi tɪ ˈwikən ˈrəʃə ənd kip kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈviə lɔɪəl ˈprɑksiz laɪk ˌkəˈtɑr. ðə ˈlɑrʤəst noʊn ˈnæʧərəl gæs ˈrɛzəvˌwɑr sɪts ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə ˈpərʒən gəlf ˈstrædlɪŋ pɑrt ɪn ðə ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl ˈwɔtərz əv ˌkəˈtɑr ənd pɑrt ɪn ˌɪˈrɑn. ðə ˌɪˈrɑniən pɑrt ɪz kɔld nɔrθ pɑrz. ɪn 2006 saɪnd ən əˈgrimənt wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑn tɪ dɪˈvɛləp nɔrθ pɑrz ənd bɪld ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər tɪ brɪŋ ðə gæs tɪ ðə ˌkəˈtɑr saɪd əv ðə ˈpərʒən gəlf, kɔld nɔrθ fild, kənˈteɪnz ðə θərd ˈlɑrʤəst noʊn ˈnæʧərəl gæs rɪˈzərvz bɪˈhaɪnd ˈrəʃə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn. ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2011 ðə ˈgəvərnmənts əv ˈsɪriə, ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ˌɪˈrɑk saɪnd ən hɪˈstɔrɪk gæs ˈpaɪˌplaɪn ˈɛnərʤi əˈgrimənt wɪʧ wɛnt ˈlɑrʤli ənˈnoʊtɪst ɪn ðə mɪst əv ðə wɔr tɪ riˈmuv əˈsɑd. ðə ˈpaɪˌplaɪn, ɛnˈvɪʒənd tɪ kɔst 10 ˈbɪljən ənd teɪk θri jɪrz tɪ kəmˈplit, wʊd rən frəm ðə ˌɪˈrɑniən pɔrt nɪr ðə saʊθ pɑrz gæs fild ɪn ðə ˈpərʒən gəlf, tɪ dəˈmæskəs ɪn ˈsɪriə ˈviə ˌɪˈrɑk ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri. ðə əˈgrimənt wʊd meɪk ˈsɪriə ðə ˈsɛnər əv əˈsɛmbli ənd pərˈdəkʃən ɪn kənˈʤəŋkʃən wɪθ ðə rɪˈzərvz əv ˈlɛbənən. ðɪs ɪz ə ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkli strəˈtiʤɪk speɪs ðət ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəli ˈoʊpənz fər ðə fərst taɪm, ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ frəm ˌɪˈrɑn tɪ ˌɪˈrɑk, ˈsɪriə ənd ɛz ˈeɪʒə taɪmz ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənt ˈpɛpi ˈɛskəˌbɑr pʊt ɪt, ˈpaɪˌplaɪn ɪf ˈɛvər bɪlt wʊd səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ ə ˌprɪˈdɑmənənˌtli ˈæksəs θru ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, stil əmˈbɪlɪkəl ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ˈsaɪnɪŋ wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ˌɪˈrɑk, ɔn ˈɔgəst 16 2011 bəˈʃɑr ˈsɪriən ˈmɪnɪstri əv ɔɪl əˈnaʊnst ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri əv ə gæs wɛl ɪn ðə ˈɛriə əv ɪn ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈriʤən əv ˈsɪriə nɪr hɑmz. ˈgæzˌprɑm, wɪθ əˈsɑd ɪn paʊər, wʊd bi ə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪnˈvɛstər ər ˈɑpərˌeɪtər əv ðə nu gæs fildz ɪn ˈsɪriə. 7 ˌɪˈrɑn ˈəltəmətli plænz tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd ðə ˈpaɪˌplaɪn frəm dəˈmæskəs tɪ ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən pɔrt wɛr ɪt wʊd bi dɪˈlɪvərd tɪ ðə juʤ ˈmɑrkɪt. ˈsɪriə wʊd baɪ ˌɪˈrɑniən gæs əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə ˈkɑrənt ˌɪˈræki əˈgrimənt tɪ baɪ ˌɪˈrɑniən gæs frəm pɑrt əv saʊθ pɑrz ˌkəˈtɑr, təˈdeɪ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ɪkˈspɔrtər əv, ˈlɑrʤli tɪ ˈeɪʒə, wɔnts ðə seɪm ˈmɑrkɪt ðət ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ˈsɪriə aɪ. fər ðət, ðeɪ wʊd bɪld ˈpaɪˌplaɪnz tɪ ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən. hir ɪz wɛr ˈgɪtɪŋ rɪd əv ðə əˈsɑd ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəl. ɪn 2009 ˌkəˈtɑr əˈproʊʧt bəˈʃɑr tɪ prəˈpoʊz kənˈstrəkʃən əv ə gæs ˈpaɪˌplaɪn frəm nɔrθ fild θru ˈsɪriə ɔn tɪ ˈtərki ənd tɪ ðə. əˈsɑd rɪfˈjuzd, ˈsaɪtɪŋ lɔŋ ˈfrɛndli riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ˈrəʃə ənd ˈgæzˌprɑm. ðət rɪfˈjuzəl kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ðə gæs ˈpaɪˌplaɪn əˈgrimənt ɪn 2011 ˌɪgˈnaɪtɪd ðə ˌfʊlˈskeɪl ˈsɔdi ənd əˈsɔlt ɔn paʊər, fɪˈnænsɪŋ æl ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts, rɪˈkruts əv ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst fəˈnætɪks ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ kɪl ənd ““infidels”*” fər 100 ə mənθ ənd ə kalishnikov*. ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ɪn ənd əraʊnd ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə waɪt haʊs, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðɛr ˈælaɪz ɪn ðə ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu ˈgəvərnmənt, wər ˈʧɪrɪŋ frəm ðə ˈbliʧərz ɛz ˈsɪriə wɛnt əp ɪn fleɪmz ˈæftər spərɪŋ 2011 təˈdeɪ ðə wɔrz ɪn juˈkreɪn ənd ɪn ˈsɪriə ər bət tu frənts ɪn ðə seɪm strəˈtiʤɪk wɔr tɪ ˈkrɪpəl ˈrəʃə ənd ˈʧaɪnə ənd tɪ ˈrəpʧər ˈɛni jʊˈreɪʒɪn tɪ ə nu wərld ˈɔrdər. ɪn iʧ, kənˈtroʊl əv ˈɛnərʤi ˈpaɪˌplaɪnz, ðɪs taɪm praɪˈmɛrəli əv ˈnæʧərəl gæs ˈrəʃə tɪ ðə ˈviə juˈkreɪn ənd frəm ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ˈsɪriə tɪ ðə ˈviə ðə strəˈtiʤɪk goʊl. ðə tru eɪm əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ˈɪzriəl bækt ˈaɪsəs ɪz tɪ gɪv ðə ˈpriˌtɛkst fər ˈbɑmɪŋ ˈvaɪtəl greɪn ˈsaɪˌloʊz ənd ɔɪl rɪˈfaɪnəriz tɪ ˈkrɪpəl ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪn ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən fər ə ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən əv ˈrəʃə ənd ˈʧaɪnə ənd bəˈʃɑr. ɪn ə ˈnɛroʊ sɛns, ɛz ˈwɔʃɪŋtən si ɪt, hu kənˈtroʊlz ˈsɪriə kʊd kənˈtroʊl ðə ˈmɪdəl ist. ənd frəm ˈsɪriə, ˈgeɪtˌweɪ tɪ ˈeɪʒə, hi wɪl hoʊld ðə ki tɪ ˈrəʃə haʊs, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðət əv ˈʧaɪnə ˈviə ðə sɪlk roʊd. rɪˈlɪʤəs wɔrz hæv hɪˈstɔrɪkəli bɪn ðə moʊst ˈsævɪʤ əv ɔl wɔrz ənd ðɪs wən ɪz noʊ ɪkˈsɛpʃən, əˈspɛʃəli wɪn ˈtrɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz ɪn ɔɪl ənd gæs ˈrɛvəˌnuz ər æt steɪk. waɪ ɪz ðə ˈsikrɪt dil ɔn ˈsɪriə riʧt ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 11 ˈstupɪd? bɪˈkəz ðə ˈbrɪljənt tækˈtɪʃənz ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ənd riɑd ənd ˈdoʊˌhɑ ənd tɪ ən ɪkˈstɛnt ɪn ˈæŋkərə ər əˈneɪbəl tɪ lʊk æt ðə əv ɔl ðə ənd dɪˈstrəkʃən ðeɪ ˈfoʊmɛnt, tɪ lʊk bɪɔnd ðɛr ˈvɪʒənz əv kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ɔɪl ənd gæs floʊz ɛz ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðɛr ˌɪlɪˈʤɪtəmɪt paʊər. ðeɪ ər ˈplæntɪŋ ðə sidz əv ðɛr oʊn dɪˈstrəkʃən ɪn ðə ɛnd. ˈwɪljəm ˈɛŋdɑl ɪz ˈɔθər əv ə ˈsɛnʧəri əv wɔr: ɔɪl ˈpɑləˌtɪks ɪn ðə nu wərld ˈɔrdər. hi ɪz ə kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ ˈɔθər æt ənd meɪ bi ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd θru hɪz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt æt wɛr ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpəblɪʃt. noʊts: 1 ɛm. rochan*, krud ɔɪl drɑps əˈmɪd ˈgloʊbəl dɪˈmænd kənˈsərnz, ˈaɪˈbi taɪmz, ɑkˈtoʊbər 11 2014 2 cabbaroglu*, ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə tɪ ˈprɛʃər ˈrəʃə ˌɪˈrɑn wɪθ praɪs əv ɔɪl, 10 ɑkˈtoʊbər 2014 ˈtərkɪʃ ˈeɪʤənsi, 3 ˈædəm ənd ˈʤuljən i. bɑrnz, dil wɪθ ˈsɔdiz peɪvd weɪ fər ˈsɪriən ˈɛrˌstraɪks: tɔks wɪθ ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə wər ˈlɪnʧˌpɪn ɪn juz. ˈɛfərts tɪ gɪt ˈærəb steɪts ˈɪntu faɪt əˈgɛnst ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, wɔl strit ˈʤərnəl, sɛpˈtɛmbər. 24 2014 4 pogc*, nɔrθ pɑrz gæs fild, pɑrz ɔɪl ənd gæs ˈkəmpəˌni ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, 5 wɔr ˈoʊvər ˈoʊvər ðə ˈmɪdəl ist: gæs ræŋks fərst, 17 ˈeɪprəl, 2012 6 ˈpɛpi ˈɛskəˌbɑr, waɪ ˌkəˈtɑr wɔnts tɪ ˌɪnˈveɪd ˈsɪriə, ˈeɪʒə taɪmz, sɛpˈtɛmbər 27 2012 7 ibid*.

relevant article selected from the gr archive, first published by gr in october 2014 sheds light on the unfolding war in syria, the crisis in the gulf states and the confrontation between russia and the us. the details are emerging of a new secret and quite stupid saudi-us deal on syria and the so-called isis. it involves oil and gas control of the entire region and the weakening of russia and iran by saudi arabian flooding the world market with cheap oil. details were concluded in the september meeting by us secretary of state john kerry and the saudi king. the unintended consequence will be to push russia even faster to turn east to china and eurasia. one of the weirdest anomalies of the recent nato bombing campaign, allegedly against the isis or is or isil or daash, depending on your preference, is the fact that with major war raging in the world’s richest oil region, the price of crude oil has been dropping, dramatically so. since june when isis suddenly captured the oil-rich region of iraq around mosul and kirkuk, the benchmark brent price of crude oil dropped some 20% from $112 to about $88. world daily demand for oil has not dropped by 20% however. china oil demand has not fallen 20% nor has us domestic shale oil stock risen by 21%. what has happened is that the long-time us ally inside opec, the kingdom of saudi arabia, has been flooding the market with deep discounted oil, triggering a price war within opec, with iran following suit and panic selling short in oil futures markets. the saudis are targeting sales to asia for the discounts and in particular, its major asian customer, china where it is reportedly offering its crude for a mere $50 to $60 a barrel rather than the earlier price of around $100. [1] that saudi financial discounting operation in turn is by all appearance being coordinated with a us treasury financial warfare operation, via its office of terrorism and financial intelligence, in cooperation with a handful of inside players on wall street who control oil derivatives trading. the result is a market panic that is gaining momentum daily. china is quite happy to buy the cheap oil, but her close allies, russia and iran, are being hit severely. the deal according to rashid abanmy, president of the riyadh-based saudi arabia oil policies and strategic expectations center, the dramatic price collapse is being deliberately caused by the saudis, opec’s largest producer. the public reason claimed is to gain new markets in a global market of weakening oil demand. the real reason, according to abanmy, is to put pressure on iran on her nuclear program, and on russia to end her support for bashar al-assad in syria.[2] when combined with the financial losses of russian state natural gas sales to ukraine and prospects of a us-instigated cutoff of the transit of russian gas to the huge eu market this winter as eu stockpiles become low, the pressure on oil prices hits moscow doubly. more than 50% of russian state revenue comes from its export sales of oil and gas. the us-saudi oil price manipulation is aimed at destabilizing several strong opponents of us globalist policies. targets include iran and syria, both allies of russia in opposing a us sole superpower. the principal target, however, is putin’s russia, the single greatest threat today to that superpower hegemony. the strategy is similar to what the us did with saudi arabia in 1986 when they flooded the world with saudi oil, collapsing the price to below $10 a barrel and destroying the economy of then-soviet ally, saddam hussein in iraq and, ultimately, of the soviet economy, paving the way for the fall of the soviet union. today, the hope is that a collapse of russian oil revenues, combined with select pin-prick sanctions designed by the us treasury’s office of terrorism and financial intelligence will dramatically weaken putin’s enormous domestic support and create conditions for his ultimate overthrow. it is doomed to fail for many reasons, not the least, because putin’s russia has taken major strategic steps together with china and other nations to lessen its dependence on the west. in fact the oil weapon is accelerating recent russian moves to focus its economic power on national interests and lessen dependence on the dollar system. if the dollar ceases being the currency of world trade, especially oil trade, the us treasury faces financial catastrophe. for this reason, i call the kerry-abdullah oil war a very stupid tactic. the kerry-abdullah secret deal on september 11, us secretary of state kerry met saudi king abdullah at his palace on the red sea. the king invited former head of saudi intelligence, prince bandar to attend. there a deal was hammered out which saw saudi support for the syrian airstrikes against isis on condition washington backed the saudis in toppling assad, a firm ally of russia and de facto of iran and an obstacle to saudi and uae plans to control the emerging eu natural gas market and destroy russia’s lucrative eu trade. a report in the wall street journal noted there had been “months of behind-the-scenes work by the us and arab leaders, who agreed on the need to cooperate against islamic state, but not how or when. the process gave the saudis leverage to extract a fresh us commitment to beef up training for rebels fighting mr. assad, whose demise the saudis still see as a top priority.” [3] for the saudis the war is between two competing age-old vectors of islam. saudi arabia, home to the sacred cities of mecca and medina, claims de facto supremacy in the islamic world of sunni islam. the saudi sunni form is ultra-conservative wahhabism, named for an 18th century bedouin islamic fundamentalist or salafist named muhammad ibn abd al-wahha. the taliban derive from wahhabism with the aid of saudi-financed religious instruction. the gulf emirates and kuwait also adhere to the sunni wahhabism of the saudis, as does the emir of qatar. iran on the other hand historically is the heart of the smaller branch of islam, the shi’ite. iraq’s population is some 61% majority shi’ite. syria’s president, bashar al-assad is a member of a satellite of the shi’ite branch known as alawite. some 23% of turkey is also alawite muslim. to complicate the picture more, across a bridge from saudi arabia sits the tiny island country, bahrain where as many as 75% of the population is shi’ite but the ruling al-khalifa family is sunni and firmly tied to saudi arabia. moreover, the richest saudi oil region is dominated by shi’ite muslims who work the oil installations of ras tanura. an oil and gas pipeline war these historic fault lines inside islam which lay dormant, were brought into a state of open warfare with the launching of the us state department and cia’s islamic holy war, otherwise known as the arab spring. washington neo-conservatives embedded inside the obama administration in a form of “deep state” secret network, and their allied media such as the washington post, advocated us covert backing of a pet cia project known as the muslim brotherhood. as i detail in my most recent book, amerikas’ heiliger krieg, the cia had cultivated ties to the terrorist muslim brotherhood death cult since the early 1950’s. now if we map the resources of known natural gas reserves in the entire persian gulf region, the motives of the saudi-led qatar and uae in financing with billions of dollars the opposition to assad, including the sunni isis, becomes clearer. natural gas has become the favored “clean energy” source for the 21st century and the eu is the world’s largest growth market for gas, a major reason washington wants to break the gazprom-eu supply dependency to weaken russia and keep control over the eu via loyal proxies like qatar. the world’s largest known natural gas reservoir sits in the middle of the persian gulf straddling part in the territorial waters of qatar and part in iran. the iranian part is called north pars. in 2006 china’s state-owned cnooc signed an agreement with iran to develop north pars and build lng infrastructure to bring the gas to china.[4] the qatar side of the persian gulf, called north field, contains the world’s third largest known natural gas reserves behind russia and iran. in july 2011, the governments of syria, iran and iraq signed an historic gas pipeline energy agreement which went largely unnoticed in the midst of the nato-saudi-qatari war to remove assad. the pipeline, envisioned to cost $10 billion and take three years to complete, would run from the iranian port assalouyeh near the south pars gas field in the persian gulf, to damascus in syria via iraq territory. the agreement would make syria the center of assembly and production in conjunction with the reserves of lebanon. this is a geopolitically strategic space that geographically opens for the first time, extending from iran to iraq, syria and lebanon.[5] as asia times correspondent pepe escobar put it, “the iran-iraq-syria pipeline – if it’s ever built – would solidify a predominantly shi’ite axis through an economic, steel umbilical cord.”[6] shortly after signing with iran and iraq, on august 16, 2011, bashar al-assad’s syrian ministry of oil announced the discovery of a gas well in the area of qarah in the central region of syria near homs. gazprom, with assad in power, would be a major investor or operator of the new gas fields in syria. [7] iran ultimately plans to extend the pipeline from damascus to lebanon’s mediterranean port where it would be delivered to the huge eu market. syria would buy iranian gas along with a current iraqi agreement to buy iranian gas from iran’s part of south pars field.[8] qatar, today the world’s largest exporter of lng, largely to asia, wants the same eu market that iran and syria eye. for that, they would build pipelines to the mediterranean. here is where getting rid of the pro-iran assad is essential. in 2009 qatar approached bashar al-assad to propose construction of a gas pipeline from qatar’s north field through syria on to turkey and to the eu. assad refused, citing syria’s long friendly relations with russia and gazprom. that refusal combined with the iran-iraq-syria gas pipeline agreement in 2011 ignited the full-scale saudi and qatari assault on assad’s power, financing al qaeda terrorists, recruits of jihadist fanatics willing to kill alawite and shi’ite “infidels” for $100 a month and a kalishnikov. the washington neo-conservative warhawks in and around the obama white house, along with their allies in the right-wing netanyahu government, were cheering from the bleachers as syria went up in flames after spring 2011. today the us-backed wars in ukraine and in syria are but two fronts in the same strategic war to cripple russia and china and to rupture any eurasian counter-pole to a us-controlled new world order. in each, control of energy pipelines, this time primarily of natural gas pipelines—from russia to the eu via ukraine and from iran and syria to the eu via syria—is the strategic goal. the true aim of the us and israel backed isis is to give the pretext for bombing assad’s vital grain silos and oil refineries to cripple the economy in preparation for a “ghaddafi-”style elimination of russia and china and iran-ally bashar al-assad. in a narrow sense, as washington neo-conservatives see it, who controls syria could control the middle east. and from syria, gateway to asia, he will hold the key to russia house, as well as that of china via the silk road. religious wars have historically been the most savage of all wars and this one is no exception, especially when trillions of dollars in oil and gas revenues are at stake. why is the secret kerry-abdullah deal on syria reached on september 11 stupid? because the brilliant tacticians in washington and riyadh and doha and to an extent in ankara are unable to look at the interconnectedness of all the dis-order and destruction they foment, to look beyond their visions of control of the oil and gas flows as the basis of their illegitimate power. they are planting the seeds of their own destruction in the end. * william engdahl is author of a century of war: anglo-american oil politics in the new world order. he is a contributing author at bfp and may be contacted through his website at www.engdahl.oilgeopolitics.net where this article was originally published. notes: [1] m. rochan, crude oil drops amid global demand concerns, ib times, october 11, 2014 http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/crude-oil-drops-amid-global-demand-concerns-1469524 [2] nihan cabbaroglu, saudi arabia to pressure russia iran with price of oil, 10 october 2014, turkish anadolu agency, http://www.aa.com.tr/en/economy/402343–saudi-arabia-to-pressure-russia-iran-with-price-of-oil [3] adam entous and julian e. barnes, deal with saudis paved way for syrian airstrikes: talks with saudi arabia were linchpin in u.s. efforts to get arab states into fight against islamic state, wall street journal, september. 24, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/deal-with-saudis-paved-way-for-syrian-airstrikes-1411605329?mod=wsj_hp_lefttopstories [4] pogc, north pars gas field, pars oil and gas company website, http://www.pogc.ir/northparsgasfield/tabid/155/default.aspx [5] imad fawzi shueibi , war over gas–struggle over the middle east: gas ranks first, 17 april, 2012. http://www.voltairenet.org/article173718.html [6] pepe escobar, why qatar wants to invade syria, asia times, september 27, 2012, http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article32576.htm [7] ibid.

benghazi*, ˈlɪˌbiə waɪl ə ˈrægˌtæg fɔrs əv ˈlɪˌbiən ˈrɛbəlz həz ˈmænɪʤd tɪ geɪn səm graʊnd ɪn ðə ɛmˈbætəld ˈsɪtiz əv ənd ajdabiya*, ðɛr læk əv ˈfɔrməl ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd klɪr ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˈstrəkʧər həz soʊ fɑr prɪˈvɛnɪd ˈɛni sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt səkˈsɛs ɪn ˈfaɪtɪŋ bæk ðə ˈɑrmi kənˈtroʊld baɪ ˈlɪˌbiən ˈlidər muˈæmər. ˈælaɪz, ˈæftər faɪv deɪz əv ɛr straɪks, keɪm tɪ ən əˈgrimənt ˈθərzˌdeɪ tɪ ʃɪft riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kæmˈpeɪn tɪ ˈneɪtoʊ ˈfɔrsɪz ˈæftər ˈizɪŋ kənˈsərnz frəm ˈtərki ðət ðə grup wɑz ɪkˈsidɪŋ ɪts əˈθɔrəti. ˈneɪtoʊ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ naʊ bɪˈgɪn ˈtɑrgətɪŋ graʊnd ˈfɔrsɪz, tæŋks ənd ɑrˈtɪləri tɪ hɛlp ðə ˈrɛbəl ˈfɔrsɪz pʊʃ bæk əˈgɛnst. frɛnʧ ˈwɔrˌpleɪnz ʃɑt daʊn ə ˈlɪˌbiən ʤɛt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ɪn ðə fərst ˈɪnsədənt əv ɪts kaɪnd sɪns ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əv ðə u.n*. zoʊn bɪˈgæn ɔn mɑrʧ 17 soʊ fɑr, ðoʊ, ðə ɛr straɪks ənd ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃənz hæˈphæzərd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən hæv feɪld tɪ stɑp ˈfɔrsɪz frəm ˈʃɛlɪŋ taʊnz. ˈəndər ðə ˈkəvər əv naɪt ənd ˈɪntu ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ˈfɔrsɪz roʊld ˈɪntu ənd bɪˈgæn ˈʃɛlɪŋ ðə ˈɛriə əraʊnd ðə meɪn ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. ˈrɛbəl ˈlidərz ədˈmɪt ðət ə mɔr ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd fɔrs wɪl hæv tɪ bi reɪzd ɪf ðeɪ ər tɪ pʊʃ ɔl ðə weɪ tɪ ˈtrɪpəli, ˈlɪˌbiəz ˈkæpɪtəl, ənd ənˈsit, hu həz ˈruθləsli hɛld paʊər fər mɔr ðən fɔr ˈdɛkeɪdz. ˈkərəntli, ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən rɪˈlaɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈhoʊli ɔn ə jəŋ, ˈpurli treɪnd bænd əv ˈrɛbəlz ðət ˈreɪsɪz tɪ ənd frəm ðə frənt laɪnz ɪn ˈpɪˌkəp trəks. ðɛr fju ˈvɪktəriz ər ˈrɛgjələrli ˈpɑkˌmɑrkt baɪ ˈæməˌʧərɪʃ, ənd ˈɔfən ˈdɛdli, mɪˈsteɪks. ɔn ˈsɛvərəl ɔˈkeɪʒənz, jəŋ ˈfaɪtərz hæv kɪld ðɛr oʊn ənd ˈɪnʤərd ˈəðərz waɪl ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ɛr ɪn ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən, ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ ən ɔˈrɛdi ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmd ˈsɛntrəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɪn benghazi*. ‘‘intifada’*’ bɪˈgæn ɔn ə ˈpisfəl ˈbeɪsɪs. ðeɪ wər fɔrst tɪ ɑrm themselves,”*,” sɛd, ə ˈspoʊksmən fər wət ɪz naʊ noʊn ɛz ðə ˈnæʃənəl trænˈzɪʃənəl ˈkaʊnsəl, əv ðə jəŋ mɛn naʊ ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə fild. tɪ ðɪs ɛnd, ðeɪ wər fɔrst tɪ lərn ɔn ðɛr oʊn haʊ tɪ faɪt ənd fɔrm ˈfaɪtɪŋ bodies.”*.” ˈfɔrmər ˈlɪˌbiən ˈɑrmi ˈsoʊlʤərz ər naʊ ˈtreɪnɪŋ səm əv ðə ˈjəŋgər ˈrɛbəlz, grupt ˈəndər ə ˈjunɪt kɔld ““shebeb,”*,” bət ðeɪ ər nɑt jɛt ɪn ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl kənˈtroʊl æt ðə frənt, ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈlidərz sɛd. ðə ˈrɛbəl ˈlidərˌʃɪp sɛd ðeɪ bɪˈlivd ðɛr ˈmɑtli kru əv ən ˈɑrmi ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ mɔr ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd, ˈbɛtər koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd ənd mɔr ˈsɪriəs wɪθ ˈɛvəri ˈbætəl ɪt faɪts. plæn ˈhoʊpfəli ɪz ðə jəŋ mɛn ər ˈgeɪnɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd wɪθ ˈɛvəri ˈsɪti ðeɪ geɪn momentum,”*,” sɛd ˈmidiə koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər muˈstɑfə gheriani*, ə ˈlɪˌbiən hu lɪvd fər mɔr ðən ə ˈdɛkeɪd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ˈmænɪʤ ðiz ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛriz ɪz noʊ ˈizi tæsk. traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ˈpipəl ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ daɪ. ɪt teɪks sɪks mənθs tɪ treɪn ə soldier.”*.” moʊst əv ðə ˈrɛbəlz hæv ˈoʊnli iʧ ˈəðər tɪ lərn frəm. moʊˈhɑmɛd elgarguri*, ə ˌkælɪˈfɔrnjən wɪθ ˈlɪˌbiən ruts, soʊld hɪz ˈnisɑn tɪ teɪk pɑrt ɪn ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. ˈtiʧɪz mɔr ðən ə class,”*,” hi sɛd. elgarguri*, hu hɛlps koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ˈnaɪtˌtaɪm pəˈtroʊlz ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌskərts əv benghazi*, sɛd hi həz ˈlərnɪd haʊ tɪ juz ə ənd grəˈneɪdz sɪns ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə faɪt. ˈnɛvər faɪərd ˈrɑkəts ɪn maɪ laɪf. naʊ ˈlərnɪŋ frəm ðiz guys,”*,” hi sɛd ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪkli. ˈrɛbəl ˈlidərz sɛd ɪt teɪks taɪm tɪ fɔrm ə ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ˈɑrmi, waɪl æt ðə seɪm taɪm ədˈmɪtɪŋ ðət taɪm ɪz nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðeɪ hæv ɔn ðɛr saɪd. ˈstɑrtɪd frəm ə vacuum,”*,” sɛd ˈaɪmən buigaighis*, ə ˈfɔrmər prəˈfɛsər əv ˈdɛntɪstri hu ɪz naʊ ˈæktɪŋ ɛz ə ˈrɛbəl ˈspoʊksmən. ər nɑt əˈʃeɪmd tɪ seɪ wi ər learning.”*.” ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˌɪtˈsɛlf, baɪ ɔl əˈkaʊnts, ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlərnɪŋ ɔn ðə flaɪ. ˈstrætəʤiz əˈpɪr tɪ ʧeɪnʤ frəm aʊər tɪ aʊər. dɪsˈmɪst ˈrumərz ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət ðə trænˈzɪʃənəl ˈlidər, jebril*, hæd rɪˈtərnd tɪ ˈlɪˌbiə tɪ fɔrm ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈgəvərnmənt. ““today*, bɪn ə misconception,”*,” sɛd. ɪz ʤɪst kəmˈplitɪŋ ə ˈwərkɪŋ tim əv ˈsəbkəˈmɪtiz fər ɔɪl, ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ənd ˈəðər ˈsɪvəl pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊz tɪ rən ðə ˈkəntri ɔn ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri basis.”*.” ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz əv ðə ˈkaʊnsəl sɛd ðeɪ hæd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ dɪˈleɪ ˈfɔrməˌlaɪzɪŋ ɪts ˈstrəkʧər ɪn ˈɛni weɪ ðət maɪt kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə breɪk əp əv ðə ˈkəntri. ˈrɛbəl ˈlidərz sɛd ðeɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt ðət ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ tərn wət bɪˈgæn ɛz ə ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈmuvmənt ˈɪntu ə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, wɛr ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən wʊd kənˈtroʊl ðə ˈistərn pɑrt əv ðə ˈkəntri ənd ðə ˈwɛstərn pɑrt. wɔnt tɪ bi ɪn ˈtrɪpəli wɪn wi neɪm ə government,”*,” æbˈdul kərˈim, ðə trænˈzɪʃənəl ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri, sɛd təˈdeɪ. ˈplænɪŋ ə pɑrˈtɪʃən əv ist frəm wɛst. ˈtrɪpəli ɪz stɪl ðə capital.”*.” ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɔn ðə graʊnd ɪn ðə ɛmˈbætəld ˈsɪti əv ənd ˈəðər ˈnɪrˈbaɪ taʊnz ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ soʊ bæd ðət səm səˈvɪljənz ɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər ʃɪft ɪn ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪnjən ər naʊ ˈkɔlɪŋ ɔn ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kəmˈjunɪti tɪ prəˈvaɪd graʊnd ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə zoʊn ɪt həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈbeɪgən tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs. ɪn ðə strits ər ˈivɪn ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ seɪ ðeɪ əˈpruv ə fʊl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv ˈfɔrən trups bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər suffering,”*,” sɛd. kənˈfərmd ðət 28 ˈpipəl hæd daɪd ɪn ˈfaɪtɪŋ bɪtˈwin ˈrɛbəl ˈfaɪtərz ənd ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn ðə læst 24 aʊərz. ˈsɪkˈstin səˈvɪljənz, hi sɛd, wər kɪld ɪn ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. həz bɪn ˈəndər kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈʃɛlɪŋ ənd sˈnaɪpər faɪər fər deɪz, ˈkətɪŋ ɔf ɛˈsɛnʃəl səˈplaɪz laɪk fud, ˈwɔtər ənd fjuəl frəm ðə səˈvɪljən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ðə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈdaʊnɪŋ əv ə ˈlɪˌbiən pleɪn rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈhæpənd nɪr ðə. ə juz. əˈfɪʃəl kˈwoʊtɪd baɪ ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs sɛd ə frɛnʧ rəˈfeɪl ˈfaɪtər ʃɑt daʊn ə ˈlɪˌbiən g-2/galeb*, ə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈɛrˌkræft wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɪnʤən. ɔn steɪt ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, rɪˈmeɪnd dɪˈfaɪənt. ðə ʃɔrt tərm, wi wɪl bit ðɛm. ɪn ðə lɔŋ tərm, wi wɪl bit them,”*,” hi sɛd ɪn ə rɛr ˈpəblɪk ˈæˌdrɛs frəm hɪz ˈkɑmpaʊnd ɪn bæb al-aziziya*.

benghazi, libya while a ragtag force of libyan rebels has managed to gain some ground in the embattled cities of misurata and ajdabiya, their lack of formal training and clear leadership structure has so far prevented any significant success in fighting back the army controlled by libyan leader muammar gaddafi. allies, after five days of air strikes, came to an agreement thursday to shift responsibility for the military campaign to nato forces after easing concerns from turkey that the group was exceeding its authority. nato is expected to now begin targeting gaddafi's ground forces, tanks and artillery to help the rebel forces push back against gaddafi. french warplanes shot down a libyan jet on thursday in the first incident of its kind since enforcement of the u.n. no-fly zone began on march 17. so far, though, the air strikes and the opposition's haphazard operation have failed to stop gaddafi's forces from shelling rebel-held towns. under the cover of night and into thursday morning, gaddafi's forces rolled into misurata and began shelling the area around the main hospital. rebel leaders admit that a more organized force will have to be raised if they are to push all the way to tripoli, libya's capital, and unseat gaddafi, who has ruthlessly held power for more than four decades. currently, the opposition relies almost wholly on a young, poorly trained band of rebels that races to and from the front lines in pickup trucks. their few victories are regularly pockmarked by amateurish, and often deadly, mistakes. on several occasions, young fighters have killed their own and injured others while firing into the air in celebration, overwhelming an already overwhelmed central hospital in benghazi. “this ‘intifada’ began on a peaceful basis. they were forced to arm themselves,” said adelhafed ghoga, a spokesman for what is now known as the national transitional council, of the young men now fighting in the field. “so to this end, they were forced to learn on their own how to fight and form fighting bodies.” former libyan army soldiers are now training some of the younger rebels, grouped under a unit called “shebeb,” but they are not yet in operational control at the front, opposition leaders said. the rebel leadership said they believed their motley crew of an army is becoming more organized, better coordinated and more serious with every battle it fights. “the plan hopefully is the young men are gaining experience and with every city they gain momentum,” said media coordinator mustafa gheriani, a libyan who lived for more than a decade in the united states. “to manage these revolutionaries is no easy task. you’re trying to manage people willing to die. it takes six months to train a soldier.” most of the rebels have only each other to learn from. mohamed elgarguri, a californian with libyan roots, sold his nissan 350i to take part in the revolution. “experience teaches more than a class,” he said. elgarguri, who helps coordinate nighttime patrols on the outskirts of benghazi, said he has learned how to use a soviet-model ak-47 and rocket-propelled grenades since joining the fight. “i’ve never fired rockets in my life. now i’m learning from these guys,” he said enthusiastically. rebel leaders said it takes time to form a functioning army, while at the same time admitting that time is not something they have on their side. “it started from a vacuum,” said iman buigaighis, a former professor of dentistry who is now acting as a rebel spokesman. “we are not ashamed to say we are learning.” the opposition’s leadership itself, by all accounts, is also learning on the fly. strategies appear to change from hour to hour. ghoga dismissed rumors on wednesday that the transitional council’s leader, mamoud jebril, had returned to libya to form a permanent revolutionary government. “today, there’s been a misconception,” ghoga said. “jebril is just completing a working team of subcommittees for oil, financial and other civil portfolios to run the country on a temporary basis.” representatives of the council said they had decided to delay formalizing its structure in any way that might contribute to the break up of the country. rebel leaders said they suspect that gaddafi is trying to turn what began as a protest movement into a civil war, where the opposition would control the eastern part of the country and gaddafi the western part. “we want to be in tripoli when we name a government,” abdul karim bazama, the transitional council’s secretary, said today. “we aren’t planning a partition of east from west. tripoli is still the capital.” meanwhile, the situation on the ground in the embattled city of misurata and other nearby towns is getting so bad that some civilians in a major shift in public opinion are now calling on the international community to provide ground forces in addition to the no-fly zone it has already begun to enforce. “people in the streets are even starting to say they approve a full military invasion of foreign troops because they are suffering,” bazama said. ghoga confirmed that 28 people had died in fighting between rebel fighters and gaddafi forces in the last 24 hours. sixteen civilians, he said, were killed in misurata on wednesday. misurata has been under continuous shelling and sniper fire for days, cutting off essential supplies like food, water and fuel from the civilian population. the successful downing of a libyan plane reportedly happened near the misurata. a u.s. official quoted by the associated press said a french rafale fighter shot down a libyan g-2/galeb, a training aircraft with a single engine. on state television on wednesday, gaddafi remained defiant. “in the short term, we will beat them. in the long term, we will beat them,” he said in a rare public address from his compound in bab al-aziziya.

ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə blæk ˈstudənt ˈproʊˌtɛst grup kənˈsərnd ˈstudənt 1950 ˈʤɛsʧərz waɪl æˈdrɛsɪŋ ə kraʊd æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv məˈzʊri. ˈrɑbərsən) æt ðə rɪsk əv oʊvərˈsɪmplɪˌfaɪɪŋ ə ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ˈkɑmplɛks ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, nu ˈdætə frəm pju ˈrisərʧ ˈɔfərz səm ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈɪntu ðə speɪt əv ˈproʊˌtɛsts æt ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkɑlɪʤɪz əˈkrɔs ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ˈproʊˌtɛsts æt ˈprɪnstən, ˈæmərst, məˈzʊri, ˌɑksəˈdɛntəl, ˈʤɔrʤˌtaʊn, ʤɑnz ˈhɑpkɪnz, pərˈdu ənd jeɪl əˈməŋ ˈdəzənz əv ˈəðərz hæv hæd ˈdɪspərɪt ˈkɔzɪz ənd əˈbʤɛktɪvz, bət ˈjuʒəwəli ʃɛr ə ˈkɑmən θrɛd: frəˈstreɪʃən wɪθ ˈkɑrənt ənd hɪˈstɔrɪk ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv ˈreɪʃəl ˈprɛʤədɪs. ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz, ˈstudənts ənd ðɛr ˈælaɪz hæv dɪˈmændɪd ðət ˈkɑlɪʤɪz riˈneɪm ˈbɪldɪŋz ər faɪər ædˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtərz ðət ðeɪ ˈɑrgju kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ə ˈhɑstəl ˈætməsˌfɪr ɔn ˈkæmpəs. ˈɔfən, ðə dɪˈmændz əv ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz hæv simd tɪ ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪθ ðə ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv ˈfridəm əv spiʧ ənd əv ðə prɛs, səʧ ɛz wɪn ˈstudənts (ənd wən ˈfækəlti ˈmɛmbər) blɑkt ˈmidiə ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ə ˈpəblɪk speɪs æt məˈzʊri ənd wɪn wən grup əv ˈproʊˌtɛstərz dɪˈmændɪd ðət ðə ˈmidiə ˈpəblɪkli ɛnˈdɔrs ðɛm æt smɪθ ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn ˌmæsəˈʧusəts. tɪ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əbˈzərvərz, ðiz dɪˈmændz wər ˈɔfən kənfˈjuzɪŋ. ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈoʊvərˌlæp bɪtˈwin ðə kɔz ənd ðə ˈæktɪvɪsts, ðoʊ, pərˈhæps ɪt ˈʃʊdənt bi. pju æst ˈvɛriəs grups əv ˈpipəl ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ɪt wɑz əˈproʊpriˌeɪt fər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ˌɪntərˈvin tɪ ˈsɛnsər əˈfɛnsɪv ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt məˈnɔrəti grups. ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, noʊ tu grups wər mɔr ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk tɪ ˈlɛtɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt du soʊ ðən (dɪˈfaɪnd hir ɛz ðoʊz ˈeɪʤɪd 18 tɪ 34 ənd ˈnɑnˈwaɪts. wər ˈæˌkʧuəli əˈbaʊt ɛz ˈlaɪkli tɪ ɛnˈdɔrs səm ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp æt reɪts ˈgreɪtər ðən ˈkəntriz ðət hæv noʊ əˈmɛndmənt ər ɪts ɪkˈwɪvələnt. ðə ˈbɪgəst sprɛd əˈməŋ əˈmɛrɪkənz wɑz bɪtˈwin ənd ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈsaɪlənt ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ðoʊz ˈeɪʤɪd 70 ər ˈoʊvər. ðɛrz ˈoʊvərˌlæp ðɛr wɪθ pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən, əv kɔrs; ˈdɛməˌkræts ənd rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈdɪfərd ˈgreɪtli. (waɪ ˈʤərməni sɔ ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ ˈsɛnsər ˈnɛgətɪv ˈkɑmənˌtɛri əˈbaʊt məˈnɔrətiz ʃʊd bi ˈɑbviəs.) ɪf wi peɪnt wɪθ brɔd stroʊks, wi kən si haʊ ðɪs ˈoʊvərˌlæps wɪθ wəts ˈhæpənɪŋ ɔn ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈkæmpəsɪz. jəŋ ˈpipəl ənd ˈpipəl əv ˈkələr səˈpɔrt ˈlɪmətɪŋ fri spiʧ wɪn ðə ˈtərgət ɪz əˈfɛnsɪv ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt məˈnɔrətiz. ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən æt ðiz skulz ɪz mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən ə ˈstrəgəl bɪtˈwin fri spiʧ ənd ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈseɪfti. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ əˈsɛsɪŋ waɪ ðət ˈstrəgəl ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ ənd waɪ ˈsərtən grups ər ɔn wən saɪd ər ðə ˈəðər, ðoʊ, ðiz ˈdætə ˈɔfər səm ˈɪnˌsaɪt.

a member of the black student protest group concerned student 1950 gestures while addressing a crowd at the university of missouri. (ap/jeff roberson) at the risk of oversimplifying a necessarily complex situation, new data from pew research offers some insight into the spate of protests at a number of colleges across the united states. protests at princeton, amherst, missouri, occidental, georgetown, johns hopkins, purdue and yale — among dozens of others — have had disparate causes and objectives, but usually share a common thread: frustration with current and historic examples of racial prejudice. in some cases, students and their allies have demanded that colleges rename buildings or fire administrators that they argue contribute to a hostile atmosphere on campus. often, the demands of the protesters have seemed to conflict with the principles of freedom of speech and of the press, such as when students (and one faculty member) blocked media access to a public space at missouri and when one group of protesters demanded that the media publicly endorse them at smith college in massachusetts. to outside observers, these demands were often confusing. given the overlap between the cause and the activists, though, perhaps it shouldn't be. pew asked various groups of people whether or not it was appropriate for the government to intervene to censor offensive comments about minority groups. in the united states, no two groups were more sympathetic to letting the government do so than millennials (defined here as those aged 18 to 34) and non-whites. millennials were actually about as likely to endorse some censorship at rates greater than countries that have no 1st amendment or its equivalent. the biggest spread among americans was between millennials and members of the silent generation — those aged 70 or over. there's overlap there with political affiliation, of course; democrats and republicans differed greatly. (why germany saw the greatest willingness to censor negative commentary about minorities should be obvious.) if we paint with broad strokes, we can see how this overlaps with what's happening on college campuses. young people and people of color support limiting free speech when the target is offensive comments about minorities. the situation at these schools is more complex than a struggle between free speech and emotional safety. when it comes to assessing why that struggle is happening and why certain groups are on one side or the other, though, these data offer some insight.

flickr.com* biɪŋ ə fəˈtɑgrəfər simz ˈglæmərəs æt taɪmz, bət ðə ˌriˈæləˌti ɪz, wi pʊt ɪt ɔl ɔn ðə laɪn. ɑr bləd, swɛt, tɪrz, ənd moʊst kənˈsərnɪŋ, ɑr ˈpərsɪnəl ˈigoʊz. ɛz fəˈtɑgrəfərz, wi hæv tɪ teɪk rɪsks, rɪsks wɪθ ɑr ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz, ənd rɪsks wɪθ ɑr ˈbɪznɪsɪz. hir ər fju rɪsks aɪ θɪŋk ˈɛvəri fəˈtɑgrəfər ʃʊd teɪk æt səm pɔɪnt ɪn ðɛr kərɪrz. 1 ˈsəmˌtaɪmz jul hæv tɪ weɪt fər ðə raɪt taɪm 2 ˈæŋgəl əv pərˈsɛpʃən.. 3 wɪn ju hæv tɪ ʃut ə ˈkɪŋˌfɪʃər 4 laɪk aɪ weɪt 5 ju nid tɪ hæv ə greɪt ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti ənd ˈbɑdi kənˈtroʊl 6 ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈfɪrləs 7 ˈɛvəri ˈæŋgəl ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl 8 zum..... 9 aɪ toʊld ju, ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl ˈæŋgəl 10 gɪt sɛt goʊ 11 ðə ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti tɪ ˈkæpʧər ə ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈleɪdi 12 rɑk ˈklaɪmɪŋ ɪz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ə veɪˈkeɪʃən θɪŋ 13 ənd soʊ ɪz ˈmaʊntɪˌnɪrɪŋ 14 ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ju wɪl hæv tɪ ˈtrænsfɔrm 15 ˈfoʊkɪs ˈfoʊkɪs, ənd ˈnəθɪŋ bət ˈfoʊkɪs 16 ju wɪl rɪsk jʊr laɪf 17 ə fəˈtɑgrəfər ʃʊd bi ˈdɛrɪŋ ɪˈnəf 18 ɪts laɪk ə du ər daɪ 19 ə fəˈtɑgrəfər wɪl lɪv θru hɪz gaɪ noʊz ɪt 20 aɪ meɪ sɪŋk, bət aɪ woʊnt stɑp 21 ˈivɪn ɪf ɪts ən ˈɑrmi pəreɪd 22 ju hæv tɪ bɛr ə lɪl ˈstrəgəl fər ə greɪt ˈwɛdɪŋ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ 23 lænd ər ˈwɔtər, ðeɪ kən ˈɔlˌweɪz əˈdæpt 24 ər əˈʤəst 25 ɪz ðət wət ju kɔl ə spaɪ ˈkæmərə? 26 əp əˈbəv ðə tri ər 27 dip ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈwɔtər noʊ peɪn noʊ geɪn

flickr.com being a photographer seems glamorous at times, but the reality is, we put it all on the line. our blood, sweat, tears, and most concerning, our personal egos. as photographers, we have to take risks, risks with our emotions, and risks with our businesses. here are few risks i think every photographer should take at some point in their careers. 1 sometimes you'll have to wait for the right time amazon.com 2 angle of perception.. flickr.com 3 when you have to shoot a kingfisher flickr.com 4 like i said,patiently wait flickr.com 5 you need to have a great flexibility and body control flickr.com 6 sometimes fearless flickr.com 7 every angle is possible flickr.com 8 zoom..... flickr.com 9 i told you, every single angle flickr.com 10 get set go flickr.com 11 the difficulty to capture a walking lady flickr.com 12 rock climbing is not always a vacation thing flickr.com 13 and so is mountaineering flickr.com 14 sometimes you will have to transform flickr.com 15 focus focus, and nothing but focus flickr.com 16 you will risk your life flickr.com 17 a photographer should be daring enough flickr.com 18 it's like a do or die flickr.com 19 a photographer will live through his photographs....this guy knows it flickr.com 20 i may sink, but i won't stop flickr.com 21 even if its an army parade flickr.com 22 you have to bear a lil struggle for a great wedding photo flickr.com 23 land or water, they can always adapt flickr.com 24 or adjust flickr.com 25 is that what you call a spy camera? flickr.com 26 up above the tree or flickr.com 27 deep inside the water wikimedia.org no pain no gain

ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ˈɔfən gɪt ˌɪntərˈəptɪd, bət ˈrɛrli baɪ ðɛr oʊn əˈpærəl. bət wət ˈhæpənd tɪ ˈaɪrɪʃ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ waɪl hi wɑz ˈgɪvɪŋ ə spiʧ tɪ ˈfɛloʊ ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz. wɑz dɪˈskəsɪŋ ðə ˈsɪriəs ˈtɑpɪk əv æsˈbɛstəs ɪkˈspoʊʒər, bət hi kɛpt biɪŋ ˌɪntərˈəptɪd baɪ ðə mˈjuzɪkəl ˈkrɪsməs taɪ hi wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdəblɪn lɪv. ɛz ðə ˈlɔˌmeɪkər spoʊk, hɪz taɪ kɛpt ˈbipɪŋ aʊt ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt rɛnˈdɪʃənz əv wɪʃ ju ə ˈmɛri christmas”*” ənd klɔz ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ town”*” ɪn toʊnz ˈjuʒəwəli əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz. ðə taɪ stɑpt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɛnd ðə spiʧ, bət ðət stɑp ˈfɛloʊ ˈlɔˌmeɪkər ʤæn frəm ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ hər ˈkɑlig tɪ wɛr lɛs ˈnɔɪzi taɪz. ʃʊd ɔf ðoʊz ties,”*,” ˈsəlɪvən ʤoʊkt, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˌɪnərˈfɪr wɪθ flaɪt path.”*.” simz laɪk dɪd ðə nɛkst bɛst θɪŋ ənd geɪv ðə mˈjuzɪkəl mɑnˈstrɑsəti əˈweɪ tɪ ˈfɛloʊ ˈlɔˌmeɪkər ʤɪm ˈdeɪli.

politicians often get interrupted, but rarely by their own apparel. but that’s what happened to irish politician aengus ó snodaigh on friday while he was giving a speech to fellow lawmakers. ó snodaigh was discussing the serious topic of asbestos exposure, but he kept being interrupted by the musical christmas tie he was wearing, according to dublin live. as the lawmaker spoke, his tie kept beeping out cheerily inappropriate renditions of “we wish you a merry christmas” and “santa claus is coming to town” in tones usually associated with 1980s video games. the tie stopped bleating before the end the speech, but that didn’t stop fellow lawmaker jan o’sullivan from encouraging her colleague to wear less noisy ties. ó snodaigh should “turn off those ties,” sullivan joked, because they “might interfere with santa’s flight path.” seems like ó snodaigh did the next best thing and gave the musical monstrosity away to fellow lawmaker jim daly.

aɪ θɪŋk maɪ ˈsænə məst bi səm sɔrt əv ˈstɔkər, bɪˈkəz əm stɪl əˈmeɪzd æt haʊ greɪt ənd əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ðə gɪfts aɪ gɑt wər tɪ maɪ teɪsts ənd ˈɪntərɪsts! maɪ ˈsænə sɛnt mi tu ˈpɑrsəlz. ðə fərst keɪm wɪˈθɪn deɪz əv biɪŋ mɑrkt, ənd frəm maɪ ˈsænə ɪn ˈskɑtlənd ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ɪt hæd ˈbeɪsɪkli ɔl maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt trits ɪn ɪt fəʤ, shortbread*, ənd ˈʧɔklət ˈkəvərd ˈmɑrʃˌmɛloʊz. ðə ˈmɑrvəl ˈkɑmɪk ɪz greɪt, bɪˈkəz ɪts ðə kæp ənd hiz maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt əv ðə hoʊl bənʧ! ənd aɪ ləv kəˈlɛktɪŋ ˈpoʊˌskɑrdz ɪf ˈɛniˌwən aɪ noʊ goʊz ˈɛniˌwɛr ðeɪ sɛnd mi bæk wən, soʊ ðɪs ɪz əˈnəðər fər maɪ ˈmɛˌmoʊ bɔrd kəˈlɛkʃən! ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈpɑrsəl ˌæbsəˈlutli drɑpt maɪ ʤɔ. aɪ ləv soʊ, soʊ məʧ. ɪts rɪˈdɪkjələs haʊ məʧ aɪ əˈdɔr ˈtɛri pratchett*, ənd ˈoʊnli ə fju wiks əˈgoʊ aɪ meɪd ə ˈspɛʃəl ənd ˈprɪti lɔŋ trɪp tɪ ˈvɪzɪt ðə ˌɛmˈpɔriəm... ðæts haʊ məʧ aɪ ləv! aɪ hæv soʊ məʧ stəf, bət nən əv ðə geɪmz! ɪt lʊks ˈgɔrʤəs, naʊ əm ʤɪst goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv tɪ həræŋ maɪ frɛndz tɪ pleɪ ɪt wɪθ mi;) θæŋks tɪ wən əv ðə bɛst ˈsæntəs aɪ kʊd hæv wɪʃt fər!!!

i think my santa must be some sort of stalker, because i'm still amazed at how great and appropriate the gifts i got were to my tastes and interests! my santa sent me two parcels. the first came within days of being marked, and from my santa in scotland itself. it had basically all my favourite treats in it - fudge, shortbread, and chocolate covered marshmallows. the marvel comic is great, because it's the cap and he's my favourite of the whole bunch! and i love collecting postcards - if anyone i know goes anywhere they send me back one, so this is another for my memo board collection! the second parcel absolutely dropped my jaw. i love discworld so, so much. it's ridiculous how much i adore terry pratchett, and only a few weeks ago i made a special and pretty long trip to visit the discworld emporium... that's how much i love discworld! i have so much discworld stuff, but none of the games! it looks gorgeous, now i'm just going to have to harangue my friends to play it with me;) thanks to one of the best santas i could have wished for!!!

ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ sɪz juˈtɪləti poʊl sərˈveɪləns kæm loʊˈkeɪʃənz məst bi kɛpt ˈsikrɪt əv ˈivɪn ˈmaɪnər ˈditeɪlz əˈbaʊt ðɛm meɪ kɔz jeopardy,”*,” ˈbjʊroʊ sɪz. ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ sɪz juˈtɪləti poʊl sərˈveɪləns kæm loʊˈkeɪʃənz məst bi kɛpt ˈsikrɪt. ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈfɛdərəl ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən həz səkˈsɛsfəli kənˈvɪnst ə ˈfɛdərəl ʤəʤ tɪ blɑk ðə dɪˈskloʊʒər əv wɛr ðə ˈbjʊroʊ həz əˈtæʧt sərˈveɪləns ɔn siˈætəl juˈtɪləti poʊlz. ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈstɑpɪŋ siˈætəl ˈsɪti laɪt frəm dɪˈvəlʤɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪd, ɛz kleɪmz əv ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti tɛnd tɪ trəmp ðə raɪt tɪ noʊ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ˈpraɪvəsi dɪˈspjut ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ə ˈpaʊərfəl ənd klænˈdɛstɪn tul ðə əˈθɔrətiz ər ɪmˈplɔɪɪŋ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri tɪ snup ɔn ðə wɪθ ˈwɔrənts, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz wɪˈθaʊt. ʤɪst læst mənθ, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðɪs ˈpaʊərfəl sərˈveɪləns ˈsəmˌtaɪmz əˈlaʊz ðə əˈθɔrətiz tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə ˈfoʊkɪs pɔɪnt kræk ə sɛks ˈtræfɪkɪŋ rɪŋ ɪn səˈbərbən ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ. ˈminˌwaɪl, ɪn ˈstɑpɪŋ ðə riˈlis əv ðə siˈætəl sərˈveɪləns kæm loʊˈkeɪʃən ə ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛkərdz ækt keɪs rɪkˈwɛst brɔt baɪ ˈæktɪvɪst fɪl ˈdɪstrɪkt ʤəʤ ˈrɪʧərd (pdf*) wɪθ ðə kənˈtɛnʃən ðət riˈlisɪŋ ðə ˈdætə wʊd hɑrm ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti. ðə prəˈtɛktɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz riˈlist, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɪl nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ əbˈteɪn ɪts rɪˈtərn; ðə ˌkɑnfəˌdɛnʃiˈæləti əv ðə prəˈtɛktɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪl bi dɪˈstrɔɪd, ənd ðə rɪˈsɪpiənts wɪl bi fri tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ɪt ər poʊst ðə ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɛˈrɛvər ðeɪ ʧuz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt, wɛr ɪt wʊd hɑrm ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfɛdərəl lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl ˈɪntərɪsts ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈpraɪvəsi əv ˈɪnəsənt θərd parties,”*,” ʤoʊnz ruld. ˈpitər wɪn, əˈsɪstənt ˈjuˈɛs əˈtərni ɪn siˈætəl, wən ðə ˌɪnˈʤəŋʃən ˈæftər ˈtɛlɪŋ ʤəʤ ʤoʊnz ðət juz əv ðə poʊl ˈkæmərə tɛkˈnik ɪz ə ˈpaʊərfəl tul ɪn ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz əv ˈkrɪmənəl vaɪəˈleɪʃənz ənd ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti θrɛts. dɪˈskloʊʒər əv ˈivɪn ˈmaɪnər ˈditeɪlz əˈbaʊt ðɛm meɪ kɔz ˈʤɛpərdi tɪ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfɛdərəl ˈɪntərɪsts bɪˈkəz, məʧ laɪk ə ˈʤɪgˌsɔ ˈpəzəl, iʧ ˈditeɪl meɪ eɪd ˈædvərˌsɛriz ɪn ˈpisɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz, ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz, ənd ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz əv juz, ənd wʊd əˈlaʊ lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈsəbʤɪkts, ər ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈædvərˌsɛriz, tɪ əˈkjumjəˌleɪt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd drɔ kənˈkluʒənz əˈbaʊt ðə juz əv ðɪs tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ɪˈveɪd ˈifɛktɪv, ˈlɔfəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ðə fbi”*” (pdf*). ðə dɪˈplɔɪmənt əv səʧ ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkæmərəz əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd. mɔr, ðə siˈætəl əˈθɔrətiz seɪɪŋ ˈwɛðər ðeɪ hæv əbˈteɪnd kɔrt ˈwɔrənts tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl ðə sərˈveɪləns. ənd ðə lɔ ɔn ðə ˈmætər ɪz ˈmərki æt bɛst. kənˈsɪdər ðət ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri, ən ˈfɛdərəl əˈpilz kɔrt əˈphɛld ðə ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz kənˈvɪkʃən əv ə ˌtɛnəˈsi mæn huz ˈrʊrəl fɑrm wɑz ˈmɑnətərd fər 10 wiks streɪt baɪ ə ˈkæmərə ðət ðə əˈθɔrətiz ˌɪnˈstɔld ɔn ə juˈtɪləti poʊl 200 jɑrdz əˈweɪ wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈwɔrənt. ðət ˈrulɪŋ kənˈflɪktɪd wɪθ wən ˈɪʃud baɪ ə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən steɪt ˈfɛdərəl ʤəʤ hu ɪn 2014 tɔst ən əˈlɛʤd drəg kənˈvɪkʃən ðət wɑz geɪnd ˈəndər ðə seɪm ˈwɔrəntləs spaɪɪŋ ɔn ə ˈsəˌspɛkt ˈviə ə əˈtæʧt tɪ ə juˈtɪləti poʊl nɪr hɪz ˈrʊrəl ˈwɔʃɪŋtən steɪt ˈprɑpərti. ɪn meɪ, ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ drɑpt ɪts əˈpil əv ðət dɪˈsɪʒən wɪˈθaʊt prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈɛni ˈrizən. ˌbiˈfɔr əˈbændənɪŋ ɪts əˈpil, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt sɛd (pdf*) ðət ɪt hæd ðə raɪt tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ ðə wɪˈθaʊt ə kɔrt ˈwɔrənt bɪˈkəz ðə dɪˈvaɪs wɑz ɔn ðə ənd wɑz ˈeɪkɪn tɪ ə ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz frəm ðə strit. ðə ʤəʤ ɪn ðə keɪs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɛd ðə fɔrθ əˈmɛndmənt rikˈwaɪərd ðət ðə pəˈlis ˈnidɪd ə ˈwɔrənt tɪ spaɪ. ɪn ən ˈiˌmeɪl tɪ, siˈætəl ˈsɪti əˈtərni ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən ˈkɪmbərli mɪlz dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ seɪ ˈwɛðər ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ əbˈteɪnd ˈwɔrənts tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl sərˈveɪləns ɔn siˈætəl ˈsɪti laɪt juˈtɪləti poʊlz. ˈsɪti ɪz ɪn ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən ənd wɪl hæv noʊ ˈfərðər comment,”*,” ʃi sɛd. mɪlz səˈʤɛstɪd wi spik wɪθ ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈɔfəs ɪn siˈætəl, ənd wi dɪd. eɪn dietrich-williams*, ən ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən ɪn siˈætəl, sɛd ðət ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən, ɪt wʊd nɑt bi əˈproʊpriˌeɪt fər ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ tɪ comment.”*.” ʃi ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ˈfaɪlɪŋ ɛz ə sɔrs əv ˈpɑsəbəl ˈænsərz. ɪn brif, wi dɪˈskəvərd ə lɪŋk tɪ əˈtərni ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz fər dəˈmɛstɪk ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ operations.”*.” ˈəndər ðə methods”*” ˈsɛkʃən, ðɪs ˈrɛfərəns: juz əv ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən, dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ˈfaɪndərz, ənd ˈəðər ˈmɑnətərɪŋ dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈligəl ˌrivˈju baɪ ðə ʧif dɪˈvɪʒən ˈkaʊnsəl ər ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈɔfəs əv ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkaʊnsəl. (ðə ˈmɛθədz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðɪs ˈpɛrəˌgræf ˈjuʒəwəli du nɑt ˌrikˈwaɪər kɔrt ˈɔrdərz ər ˈwɔrənts ənˈlɛs ðeɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈtrɛˌspæs ər ˈmɑnətərɪŋ əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz, bət ˈligəl ˌrivˈju ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr kəmˈplaɪəns wɪθ ɔl ˈæpləkəbəl ˈligəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənts.) toʊld ðət ɛz pɑrt əv hɪz juˈtɪləti poʊl kæm ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, hæv ˈlərnɪd ˈnəθɪŋ əv rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈwɔrənts ər əv ə læk thereof.”*.” wɪn, ˈminˌwaɪl, roʊt tɪ ʤəʤ ʤoʊnz ðət ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə dɪsˈgaɪzd sərˈveɪləns ʃʊd bi wɪθˈhɛld bɪˈkəz ðə ˈpəblɪk maɪt θɪŋk ðeɪ ər ən əv privacy.”*.” əv ðɛr kloʊz prɑkˈsɪməti tɪ ðə ˈsəbʤɪkts əv sərˈveɪləns, əˈnɔθərˌaɪzd dɪˈskloʊʒər əv ðə loʊˈkeɪʃənz əv ˈkɑrənt ər ˈpriviəsli ˌɪnˈstɔld poʊl ˈkæmərəz kən ˈrizənəbli bi ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˈkɑnstəˌtut ən ənˈwɔrəntɪd ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv ˈpraɪvəsi fər ðoʊz ˈpərsənz ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən hu hæv nɑt jɛt bɪn ʧɑrʤd. ɪt kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrizənəbli bi ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˈkɑnstəˌtut ən ənˈwɔrəntɪd ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv ðə ˈpraɪvəsi əv ˈɪnəsənt θərd ˈpɑrtiz nɑt ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən bət ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəli nɪr ðə ˈkɑrənt ər pæst loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ˈkæmərə, hu meɪ ˈfɔlsli bi əˈsumd tɪ bi ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ən ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ investigation,”*,” wɪn roʊt. wɪn ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðət rɪˈvilɪŋ ðə cameras’*’ loʊˈkeɪʃənz kʊd θˈrɛtən ðə ˈseɪfti əv ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈeɪʤənts. əv ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ən ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ðə əˈnɔθərˌaɪzd dɪˈskloʊʒər əv ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ə ˈkɑrənt ər ˈpriviəsli ˌɪnˈstɔld poʊl ˈkæmərə kən hæv ə ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ən investigation,”*,” wɪn toʊld ʤəʤ ʤoʊnz. wɪθ səʧ ˈnɑlɪʤ, ə ˈsəbʤɪkt wʊd nɑt ˈoʊnli bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪˈveɪd ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ bət wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪmˈplɔɪ ˈkaʊntərˌmɛʒərz tɪ ˌɪmˈpid ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən səʧ ɛz dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ, ˈhaɪdɪŋ, ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz kənˈsilɪŋ ˈɛvədəns; ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪtɪŋ ər rɪˈtæliˌeɪtɪŋ əˈgɛnst koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈwɪtnəsɪz; ər baɪ ˈsɪmpli fliɪŋ ðə ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən. səʧ dɪˈskloʊʒər wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊ ˈɛni ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈəðər ðən ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən hu ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɔn ˌɪnərˈfɪrɪŋ wɪθ ər θˈwɔrtɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən tɪ du soʊ. ɛz səʧ, əˈnɔθərˌaɪzd dɪˈskloʊʒər əv ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ə poʊl ˈkæmərə kʊd θˈrɛtən ðə ˈseɪfti əv ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈeɪʤənts ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ðə investigation.”*.” ənd ɪf ðə ˈkæmərəz bɪˈkəm identifiable,”*,” wɪn sɛd, əv ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ənd ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈædvərˌsɛriz əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɪl noʊ wət tɪ lʊk fər tɪ dɪˈsərn ˈwɛðər ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ɪz kənˈdəktɪŋ sərˈveɪləns ɪn ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr location.”*.” sɔrs: ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkɑmɛnts ˈkɑmɛnts

fbi says utility pole surveillance cam locations must be kept secret “disclosure of even minor details about them may cause jeopardy,” bureau says. the fbi says utility pole surveillance cam locations must be kept secret. the us federal bureau of investigation has successfully convinced a federal judge to block the disclosure of where the bureau has attached surveillance cams on seattle utility poles. the decision monday stopping seattle city light from divulging the information was expected, as claims of national security tend to trump the public’s right to know. however, this privacy dispute highlights a powerful and clandestine tool the authorities are employing across the country to snoop on the public—sometimes with warrants, sometimes without. just last month, for example, this powerful surveillance measure—which sometimes allows the authorities to control the camera’s focus point remotely—helped crack a sex trafficking ring in suburban chicago. meanwhile, in stopping the release of the seattle surveillance cam location information—in a public records act case request brought by activist phil mocek—us district judge richard jonesagreed (pdf) with the fbi’s contention that releasing the data would harm national security. “if the protected information is released, the united states will not be able to obtain its return; the confidentiality of the protected information will be destroyed, and the recipients will be free to publish it or post the sensitive information wherever they choose, including on the internet, where it would harm important federal law enforcement operational interests as well as the personal privacy of innocent third parties,” jones ruled. peter winn, assistant us attorney in seattle, won the injunction after telling judge jones that “the fbi’s use of the pole camera technique is a powerful tool in fbi investigations of criminal violations and national security threats. disclosure of even minor details about them may cause jeopardy to important federal interests because, much like a jigsaw puzzle, each detail may aid adversaries in piecing together information about the capabilities, limitations, and circumstances of equipment’s use, and would allow law enforcement subjects, or national security adversaries, to accumulate information and draw conclusions about the fbi’s use of this technology, in order to evade effective, lawful investigation by the fbi” (pdf). the deployment of such video cameras appears to be widespread. what’s more, the seattle authorities aren’t saying whether they have obtained court warrants to install the surveillance cams. and the law on the matter is murky at best. consider that in february, an ohio-based federal appeals court upheld the firearms conviction of a tennessee man whose brother’s rural farm was monitored for 10 weeks straight by a remote-controlled camera that the authorities installed on a utility pole 200 yards away without a warrant. that ruling conflicted with one issued by a washington state federal judge who in 2014 tossed an alleged drug dealer’s conviction that was gained under the same circumstances—the warrantless spying on a suspect via a webcam attached to a utility pole near his rural washington state property. in may, the fbi dropped its appeal of that decision without providing any reason. before abandoning its appeal, the government said (pdf) that it had the right to deploy the webcam without a court warrant because the device was on the public’s right-of-way and was akin to a cop’s observations from the street. the judge in the case, however, said the fourth amendment required that the police needed a warrant to spy. in an e-mail to ars, seattle city attorney spokeswoman kimberly mills declined to say whether the fbi obtained warrants to install surveillance cams on seattle city light utility poles. “the city is in litigation and will have no further comment,” she said. mills suggested we speak with the fbi office in seattle, and we did. ayn dietrich-williams, an fbi spokeswoman in seattle, said that “given the ongoing litigation, it would not be appropriate for the fbi to comment.” she pointed to winn’s filing as a source of possible answers. in winn’s brief, we discovered a link to “the attorney general’s guidelines for domestic fbi operations.” under the “particular methods” section, there’s this reference: use of closed-circuit television, direction finders, and other monitoring devices, subject to legal review by the chief division counsel or the fbi office of the general counsel. (the methods described in this paragraph usually do not require court orders or warrants unless they involve physical trespass or non-consensual monitoring of communications, but legal review is necessary to ensure compliance with all applicable legal requirements.) mocek told ars that as part of his utility pole cam investigation, “i have learned nothing of related warrants or of a lack thereof.” winn, meanwhile, wrote to judge jones that the location information about the disguised surveillance cams should be withheld because the public might think they are an “invasion of privacy.” “because of their close proximity to the subjects of surveillance, unauthorized disclosure of the locations of current or previously installed pole cameras can reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of privacy for those persons under investigation who have not yet been charged. it can also reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of the privacy of innocent third parties not under investigation but geographically near the current or past location of the camera, who may falsely be assumed to be the subject of an fbi investigation,” winn wrote. winn also said that revealing the cameras’ locations could threaten the safety of fbi agents. “revelation of the subject of an fbi investigation by the unauthorized disclosure of the location of a current or previously installed pole camera can have a devastating impact on an investigation,” winn told judge jones. “armed with such knowledge, a subject would not only be able to evade further investigation by the fbi but would also be able to employ countermeasures to impede further investigation such as destroying, hiding, or otherwise concealing evidence; intimidating or retaliating against cooperating witnesses; or by simply fleeing the jurisdiction. such disclosure would also allow any individual other than the subject of an investigation who is intent on interfering with or thwarting the investigation to do so. as such, unauthorized disclosure of the location of a pole camera could threaten the safety of the fbi agents involved with the investigation.” and if the cameras become “publicly identifiable,” winn said, “subjects of the criminal investigation and national security adversaries of the united states will know what to look for to discern whether the fbi is conducting surveillance in a particular location.” source: david kravets / ars technica comments comments

wɪθ ˈʧɛrmən ˈmaɪkəl stil ɔˈrɛdi ə ˈlæfɪŋˌstɑk ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈbɛltˌweɪ, hi simz dɪˈtərmənd tɪ sɪˈmɛnt ðət ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd. ˈtɛkiz wɪl roʊl ðɛr aɪz ˈoʊvər ə prəˈpoʊzəl stil sɛnt aʊt fər ə nu ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ɪts ˌəndərˈstændəbəl ðət ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɔnt tɪ gɪt hɪp tɪ ðɪs ˈɪntərˌnɛt θɪŋ. ɪts ˌjunəˈvərsəli ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑməz wɛb ˈɛfərt fərst ˈstimˌroʊlərd ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntənz ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl bət ˌoʊldˈskul pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən, ðɛn leɪt tˈwɪtər əˈdɑptər ʤɑn məˈkeɪn ɪn ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. ˈivɪn naʊ, ˈɛniˌwən ˈivɪn tænˈʤɛnʃəli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə kæmˈpeɪn ɪz ˈkleɪmɪŋ tɪ bi ðə wɛb ˈguˌru hu gɑt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪˈlɛktɪd. ðə wɛb ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz ər ɛz ˈludəkrəsli æmˈbɪʃəs ɛz ðeɪ ər ˈmædənɪŋli veɪg. ˈʧɛrmən stil meɪd hɪz tɛk praɪˈɔrətiz klɪr... "ˈbɑtəm laɪn ɪz ɪf wi ˈhævənt dən ɪt lɛts du ɪt. ɪf wi ˈhævənt θɔt əv ɪt θɪŋk əv ɪt. ɪf ɪt ˈhæzənt bɪn traɪd waɪ nɑt? ɪf ɪts goʊɪŋ tɪ bi 'ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə bɑks' ðɛn nɑt ˈoʊnli kip ɪt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə bɑks, bət teɪk ɪt tɪ ˈsəmˌpleɪs ðə bɑks ˈhæzənt ˈivɪn riʧt jɛt. ɪn ˈfɛrnəs, ˈsəmˌwən ˈprɑbəˌbli wəns toʊld stil ðət ˈpipəl hu lɪv ɪn ˈhɪˌphɔp ˈsɛtɪŋz tɔk kræp laɪk ðət. bət ɪf stil wɔnts tɪ kæʧ əp tɪ ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts' ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈɛfərts, hil hæv tɪ du ˈbɛtər ðən ðə rɪkˈwɛst fər prəˈpoʊzəl hi sɛnt aʊt. səm ˈhaɪˌlaɪts frəm ðə ˈhoʊpləsli veɪg ənd rɪkˈwaɪrmənts: ˈɪnəˌgreɪt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈprɑdəkts θru ˈkɑmən api's*, ˈwɪʤɪts, ər (ɪgˈzæmpəlz: ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ, ˈvoʊtər vɔlt, widgetbox*, nɪŋ). flæʃ ˈɪnərˌfeɪsɪz kən ˈɔfən meɪk mənˈdeɪn tæsks ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ, ənd ˈhævɪŋ flæʃ dɪˈvɛləpərz hu ˌəndərˈstænd ˈjuzər bɪˈheɪvjər wɪl meɪk ðə saɪt mɔr user-friendly*. noʊ ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz ɔn dɪˈzaɪn; ðə wɪl bi ɪn ɔn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd wɪl ɪnˈʃʊr ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz tɪ ɑr ɪgˈzækt ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz. oʊ, ənd dɪd ðə ˈmɛnʃən ðeɪ wɔnt ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt wɪˈθɪn 45 deɪz, ɔn ə fɪkst ˈbəʤɪt? deɪl fræŋks æt ðə nɛkst raɪt kɔlz ðə ˈɑpərətɪvz hu pʊt ðə prəˈpoʊzəl aʊt "ˈkluləs ˈluzərz." ðæts biɪŋ kaɪnd. ðə læst θɪŋ ˈɛni dɪˈzaɪnər wɔnts ɪz ə klaɪənt huz "ɪn ɔn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈprɔˌsɛs," θroʊɪŋ aʊt ˈbəzwərdz ðeɪ rɛd ɪn səm ˈɑrtɪkəl əˈbaʊt ðə wɛb klɪpt frəm ə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər. ðə fʊl prəˈpoʊzəl:

with rnc chairman michael steele already a laughingstock inside the beltway, he seems determined to cement that reputation nationwide. techies will roll their eyes over a proposal steele sent out for a new gop website. it's understandable that the republicans want to get hip to this internet thing. it's universally acknowledged that barack obama's social-network-savvy web effort first steamrollered hillary clinton's formidable but old-school political operation, then sledgehammered late twitter adopter john mccain in the general election. even now, anyone even tangentially involved in the campaign is claiming to be the web guru who got obama elected. the gop's web aspirations are as ludicrously ambitious as they are maddeningly vague. chairman steele made his tech priorities clear... "bottom line is if we haven't done it — let's do it. if we haven't thought of it — think of it. if it hasn't been tried — why not? if it's going to be 'outside the box' — then not only keep it outside the box, but take it to someplace the box hasn't even reached yet. in fairness, someone probably once told steele that people who live in urban-surburban hip-hop settings talk crap like that. but if steele wants to catch up to the democrats' online efforts, he'll have to do better than the risible request for proposal he sent out. some highlights from the document's hopelessly vague and self-contradictory requirements: integrate outside products through common api's, widgets, or iframes (examples: kimbia fundraising, voter vault, widgetbox, ning). flash interfaces can often make mundane tasks exciting, and having flash developers who understand user behavior will make the site more user-friendly. no limitations on design; the rnc will be in on the entire process and will ensure everything is to our exact specifications. oh, and did the rnc mention they want the website within 45 days, on a fixed budget? dale franks at the next right calls the gop operatives who put the proposal out "clueless losers." that's being kind. the last thing any designer wants is a client who's "in on the entire process," throwing out buzzwords they read in some two-year-old article about the web clipped from a newspaper. the full proposal:

ˌplænˈtrɑnɪks ˈoʊpən ˈwɪnər ˈbrækɪts ˈfaɪnəl raʊnd əp ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ brɔt ˈjuˈɛs ə greɪt geɪm bɪtˈwin tim ˌɪnfˈjuzd ənd gɪf mi ˈmɑnə ɪn wɪʧ geɪv ˈjuˈɛs wən əv ðə moʊst ənˈjuˌʒuəl dræfts əv ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt tɪ feɪs ɔf əˈgɛnst ˈsɑləd dræft. ˈvərsəz tim ˌɪnfˈjuzd mi ˈmɑnə bænz pɪks ðə geɪm ɔˈrɛdi pruvd tɪ bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ θru ðə ˌɪnˈkluʒən əv ɪn ðə dræfts ˌhaʊˈɛvər ɪt wɑz ˈteɪkən tɪ ðə nɛkst ˈlɛvəl wɪn pərˈfɔrmd ə ˈlɛvəl 1 kɪl. ˈmɪdəl leɪn wɑz ˈhɛvəli wən ˈsaɪdɪd fər ɛz həz greɪt ˈdɑmənəns ɪn ə mæʧ əp prəˈpɛld baɪ ðə ˈərli ˈlɛvəl ædˈvæntɪʤ frəm. dɪˈspaɪt ðɛr greɪt ˈɛfərts ɔn ðə saɪd leɪnz ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˌɪnfˈjuzd lɔst ðɛr tɪ ðə ˈgɪvɪŋ fərst bləd tɪ ðə. θɪŋz bɪˈgæn tɪ teɪk ə tərn fər ðə wərst fər ˌɪnfˈjuzd ɛz wɪˈθɪn ə splɪt ˈsɛkənd ðɛr ˈvɪzəʤ wɑz kɪld ˈbɑtəm baɪ ə roʊˈteɪʃən frəm lɪʧ waɪlst ɪn pɪkt əp ə ˈsoʊˌloʊ kɪl ɔn ðə nɪks. iʧ əv ðiz kɪlz fər pleɪst ðɛm lips ənd baʊndz əˈhɛd æt ðɪs pɔɪnt. ðɛr wər ə fju bæk ənd fɔrθ kɪlz ɛz ðə geɪm ˈsɛtəld daʊn bət kənˈtɪnjud tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðɛr ˈdɑmənənt pəˈzɪʃən ənd ðɪs wɑz ʃoʊn wɪn tʊk ˈbɑtəm ˈbɛrəks æt 19 ˈmɪnəts. frəm ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪt wɑz ʤɪst əˈnəðər 6 ˈmɪnəts dɛθ ˌænəˈmeɪʃən fər ˌɪnfˈjuzd ɛz ðeɪ prəˈsidəd tɪ luz əˈnəðər ˈbɛrəks 2 ˈmɪnəts wɪθ kənˈfərmɪŋ ðə wɪn ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər. vod*, kæst baɪ ˈmɪstər ənd durka*. ðə loʊər ˈbrækɪt geɪmz wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ bi pleɪd təˈdeɪ ənd ðə ˈwɪnər əv ðə loʊər ˈbrækɪt ˈfaɪnəl wɪl feɪs mi ˈmɑnə ɪn ðə grænd ˈfaɪnəl ðɪs ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ðə əv noʊˈvɛmbər æt gmt*. mi ˈmɑnə wɪl bɪˈgɪn wɪθ ə ˈwɪnərz ˈbrækɪt ædˈvæntɪʤ, ˈminɪŋ ðət ðɛr wɪl hæv tɪ bit ðɛm twaɪs tɪ wɪn ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt ənd teɪk hoʊm 5 sɛts əv ˌplænˈtrɑnɪks rɪg ˈhɛdˌsɛts. ju kən kip træk əv ðə geɪmz ənd ðɛr ˈvɪktərz ɔn binarybeast*. pɑ ɑrt baɪ ˈædəm wʊd

plantronics ukdota.net open winner brackets final round up yesterday brought us a great game between team infused and giff me mana in which gmm gave us one of the most unusual drafts of the tournament to face off against infused’s solid draft. versus team infused gief me mana bans picks the game already proved to be interesting through the inclusion of bristleback in the drafts however it was taken to the next level when gmm performed a level 1 roshan kill. middle lane was heavily one sided for gmm as od has great dominance in a 1v1 match up propelled by the early level advantage from roshan. despite their great efforts on the side lanes however, infused lost their timbersaw to the tri-lane giving first blood to the bristleback. things began to take a turn for the worst for infused as within a split second their visage was killed bottom by a rotation from lich whilst in mid-lane od picked up a solo kill on the nyx. each of these kills for gmm placed them leaps and bounds ahead at this point. there were a few back and forth kills as the game settled down but gmm continued to maintain their dominant position and this was shown when gmm took infused’s bottom barracks at 19 minutes. from this point it was just another 6 minutes death animation for infused as they proceeded to lose another barracks 2 minutes with gmm confirming the win shortly after. twitch.tv vod, cast by mr blakadder and durka. the lower bracket games will continue to be played today and the winner of the lower bracket final will face gief me mana in the best-of-three grand final this friday, the 22nd of november at 20:00 gmt. gief me mana will begin with a winners bracket advantage, meaning that their oponents will have to beat them twice to win the tournament and take home 5 sets of plantronics rig headsets. you can keep track of the games and their victors on binarybeast. pa art by adam wood

ˈɛksət poʊlz: waɪ ðeɪ hæv bɪn sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ɔf ðə pæst ˈdɛkeɪdz, ˈɛksət ˈpoʊlɪŋ həz ɪˈvɑlvd ˈɪntu ən ɪgˈzækt saɪəns. ˌɪnˈdid, əˈməŋ ˈpoʊlstərz ənd ˌstætɪˈstɪʃənz, səʧ ˈsərˌveɪz ər θɔt tɪ bi ðə moʊst poʊlz ɪn ˈʤərməni, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, hæv ˈnɛvər mɪst ðə mɑrk baɪ mɔr ðən əv wən pərˈsɛnt. poʊlz ər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈnɛvər wrong,’*,’ dɪk ˈmɔrɪs, ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsəltənt hu həz wərkt fər boʊθ rɪˈpəblɪkənz ənd ˈdɛməˌkræts, ˈnoʊtɪd ˈæftər ðə 2004 voʊt. səʧ ˈsərˌveɪz ər reliable,’*,’ hi ˈædɪd, ðeɪ ər juzd ɛz gaɪdz tɪ ðə ˈrɛlətɪv ˈɑnəsti əv ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪn θərd wərld countries.’*.’ ɪn 2003 voʊt ˈtæmpərɪŋ rɪˈvild baɪ ˈɛksət ˈpoʊlɪŋ ɪn ðə riˈpəblɪk əv ˈʤɔrʤə fɔrst ˈɛdwərd ˌʃɛvərdˈnɑdzi tɪ stɛp daʊn. ənd ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2004 ˈɛksət ˈpoʊlɪŋ ɪn ðə juˈkreɪn peɪd fər baɪ ðə bʊʃ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪkˈspoʊzd ɪˈlɛkʃən frɔd ðət dɪˈnaɪd ˈvɪktər ðə presidency.”*.” ˈrɑbərt ɛf. ˈkɛnədi, jr*. ðɛr ər tu meɪn taɪps əv ɪˈlɛkʃən poʊlz: ənd ˈɛksət. poʊlz prɪˈdɪkt haʊ ˈpipəl wɪl voʊt; ˈɛksət poʊlz tɛl haʊ ˈpipəl ˈvoʊtɪd. ɛz ˈɛdɪsən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt ʤoʊ steɪts, ɔl ˈɛksət poʊlz ər kənˈdəktəd baɪ ˈɛdɪsən ˈrisərʧ ənd dɪˈstrɪbjətəd tɪ sɪks ˈmidiə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz: fɑks, ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn, ˈeɪˌbiˌsi, ˈsiˌbiˌɛs, ˈɛnˌbiˈsi, ənd ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs. ˈɛksət poʊlz ər ˈpraɪvət, əˈnɑnəməs, ənd əˈʤəstɪd ˌbiˈfɔr riˈlis tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ˈɛvəri grup ər ˌdɛməˈgræfɪk ðət ˈʧuzɪz nɑt tɪ rɪˈspɑnd fər ˈɛni ˈrizən. wɪn ðə poʊlz kloʊz ɪn iʧ ˈpraɪˌmɛri, ˈmidiə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz riˈlis ðə fʊl ˈɛksət ˈpoʊlɪŋ ˈdætə. ˈæftərwərdz, ˈɛdɪsən ˈrisərʧ kəmˈpɛrz ðɛm tɪ ˈækʧəwəl ˈvoʊtɪŋ rɪˈzəlts ənd meɪks əˈʤəstmənts. fər ˈɪnstəns, ðə ˈɛksət poʊlz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ʃoʊd ə 4 pɔɪnt wɪn baɪ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ɪn nu jɔrk æt 9 piɛm, bət wər ʧeɪnʤd tɪ 12 pɔɪnts æt wəns ˈɛdɪsən əbˈteɪnd ˈvoʊtɪŋ rɪˈzəlts. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ðə bɛst taɪm tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈɛksət poʊl rɪˈzəlts ɪz raɪt ˈæftər ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈkloʊzɪz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs jɪr ɪn ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpraɪˌmɛriz, ðə ˈɛksət poʊlz hæv bɪn kənˈsɪstəntli, sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli, ənd səˈstɛmɪkli ɔf: ˈteɪbəl kəmˈpaɪld baɪ ˈθiəˌdɔr ˈsɔrɛs ənd əˈteɪnd frəm aɪ ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ðə ˈteɪbəl wɪθ frəm ənd əv ðə fərst ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈɛksət ˈpoʊlɪŋ ˈdætə, ˈɔlsoʊ ækˈsɛsəbəl ɛz ˈɪmɪʤɪz. ðɪs ˈteɪbəl wɑz əˈteɪnd θru ɪˈlɛkʃən ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti, ə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd ˈgugəl grup əv ˈoʊvər ˈpipəl ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ənˈkəvərɪŋ ənd prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ɪˈlɛkʃən frɔd. waɪl səm kənˈfɛst ðət ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈrisərʧ ənd ˈdætə kən bi ə ˈmaɪnˌfild, ðeɪ juˈnænəməsli əˈgrid əˈpɑn ðɪs: wɪn ðə ˈɛksət poʊlz ər weɪ ɔf, ˈiðər ðə poʊlz ər rɔŋ, ɪˈlɛktərəl frɔd wɑz kəˈmɪtɪd, ər boʊθ. ɛz ˈrɑbərt ɛf. ˈkɛnədi, jr*. ˈmɛnʃənd, ˈrisərʧ ʃoʊz ðət ˈɛksət poʊlz ər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz spɑt ɔn. wɪn wən ər tu ər ˌɪnkərˈɛkt, ðeɪ kʊd bi stəˈtɪstɪkəl əˈnɑməliz, bət ðə mɔr ˌɪnkərˈɛkt ðeɪ ər, ðə mɔr ɪt səbˈstænʧiˌeɪts ɪˈlɛktərəl frɔd. ðɪs ɪz ʃoʊn baɪ ðə ˈdætə, wɪʧ ɪz ɪkˈstrimli səˈspɪʃəs: dɪˈskrɛpənsiz ɪn eɪt əv ðə ˈsɪkˈstin ˈpraɪˌmɛriz ˈfeɪvərɪŋ ˈklɪntən ɪn ˈvoʊtɪŋ rɪˈzəlts ˈoʊvər ˈɛksət ˈpoʊlɪŋ ˈdætə ər ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈmɑrʤən əv ˈɛrər. hæf əv ðɛm ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈmɑrʤən əv ˈɛrər: ˈgreɪtər ɪn ˌtɛnəˈsi, ɪn ˌmæsəˈʧusəts, 4 ɪn ˈtɛksəs, ɪn ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi, ɪn oʊˈhaɪoʊ, ɪn nu jɔrk, 7 ɪn ˈʤɔrʤə, ənd ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə. ðɪs ɪz ɪkˈstrimli, ɪkˈstrimli æbˈnɔrməl. ðə ˈmɑrʤən əv ˈɛrər ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðɪs, əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn pərˈsɛnɪʤ ˈtoʊtəlz bɪtˈwin ðə fərst ˈɛksət poʊlz ənd ˈækʧəwəl ˈvoʊtɪŋ rɪˈzəlts fər boʊθ ˈkænədɪts kəmˈbaɪnd (ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd baɪ ðə θərd ˈfʊtˌnoʊt). fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪf ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ˈaʊtpərˈfɔrmz ðə ˈɛksət poʊlz baɪ ənd ˈbərni ˈsændərz baɪ ənd ðə ˈmɑrʤən əv ˈɛrər ɪz 5 ðɛn ðə ˈɛksət poʊl ɪz ɪgˈzæktli ɔn ðə ˈmɑrʤən əv ˈɛrər. wɪn ən ˈɛksət poʊl ər tu ɪz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈmɑrʤən, ðɪs dɪˈnoʊts ˈfeɪljər ɪn ðə ˈpoʊlɪŋ; wɪn eɪt dɪˈfaɪ ɪt ɪˈgriʤəsli soʊ ðət ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts sɪˈstɛmɪk ɪˈlɛktərəl frɔd. kip ɪn maɪnd, ðiz ər ðə dɪˈskrɛpənsiz ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˈklɪntən bɪtˈwin ˈɛksət poʊlz ənd ˈvoʊtɪŋ rɪˈzəlts, frəm loʊəst tɪ haɪəst: 8 10 ənd ə ˈwɑpɪŋ 14 ðə dɪˈskrɛpənsiz əˈloʊn dɪˈmænd ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv ɪˈlɛktərəl frɔd. ðiz ər nɑt ʤɪst smɔl, ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ˈɛrərz, bət sɪˈstɛmɪk ənd əˈlɑrmɪŋ ˈdɪfərənsɪz ðət pɔɪnt təˈwɔrdz ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ˈbitɪŋ ˈɛksət poʊlz ɪn ən ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl weɪ. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, wən meɪ stɪl kənˈtɛnd ðət 1 ˈɛksət poʊlz ər ““unreliable”*” ənd 2 ˈbərni səˈpɔrtərz ər mɔr ““enthusiastic”*” tɪ teɪk ˈɛksət poʊlz ðən ˈklɪntən səˈpɔrtərz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪf ˈɛksət poʊlz wər dən ðət ˈpurli, wi ˈbɑðər ˈjuzɪŋ ðɛm ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðeɪ wʊd bi ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə pleɪs nuˈmɛrɪkli, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv kənˈsɪstəntli ənd kənˈsɪdərəbli skjud təˈwɔrdz ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən. ˌbiˈsaɪdz, ˈɛksət ˈpoʊlstərz ər, ˈfræŋkli, nɑt ˈɪˌdiəts; hæd ˈdɛkeɪdz tɪ hoʊn, əˈʤəst, ənd ˈpərˌfɪkt ðɛr ˈmɛθədz, ənd hæv ˈmɛni ɪˈlɛkʃənz tɪ kəmˈpɛr rɪˈzəlts tɪ. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ðeɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ˈɛni ənd ɔl ənˈlaɪkli ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ rɪˈspɑns baɪəs ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ˈbərni səˈpɔrtərz ər mɔr ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk. mɔˈroʊvər, ˈdɑnəld trəmp səˈpɔrtərz ər ˈɑrgjuəbli mɔr ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk waɪl dərˈaɪvɪŋ frəm ə ˈsɪmələr beɪs. sɪns ˈɛdɪsən ˈrisərʧ kəmˈpaɪlz ðə ˈɛksət poʊlz ˌsɪŋgəˈlhændɪdli ənd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən reɪs həz ˈizəli bɪn mɔr ˈpoʊlərˌaɪzɪŋ, dɪˈvaɪsɪv, ənd kənˈtɛnʃəs, wən wʊd ɪkˈspɛkt ðət rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈɛksət poʊlz wʊd bi ˈivɪn mɔr skjud. ɪkˈsɛpt ðeɪ bɪn. bɪn spɑt ɔn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvəri taɪm. aɪ wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ faɪnd əv ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl əv ðə fərst rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈɛksət poʊlz frəm, ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi ˈstudənt ənd ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈtrækər taniel*, ənd ˈsiˌbiˌɛs lɪv blɔgz. hir ɪz ə ˈteɪbəl kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ðɛr ˈdætə ənd ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈvoʊtɪŋ rɪˈzəlts: ɪf ju hæv mɔr ˈdætə, fil fri tɪ æd ɪt ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts. ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈpraɪˌmɛri aɪ kʊd faɪnd ˈdætə fər, ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpraɪˌmɛriz hæv bɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪgˈzæktli raɪt, wɪθ ˈɛvəri ˈdætə pɔɪnt ɪn ðə ˈmɑrʤən əv ˈɛrər, ˈdʊrɪŋ ə mɔr ˈpoʊlərˌaɪzɪŋ, kənˈtɛnʃəs, ənd reɪs. hɛns, ðɪs ʃʊd bi ɪˈnəf tɪ pruv maɪ pɔɪnt: ɪf ˈɛksət poʊlz wər ˌənrɪˈlaɪəbəl, ðɛn ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpraɪˌmɛriz wʊd hæv ˈikwəli bæd ˈɛksət ˈpoʊlɪŋ ˈdætə, bət ðeɪ don’t*, nɑt ˈivɪn baɪ ə lɔŋ ʃɑt. ɪt dɪˈmændz ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, wɪθ ðə ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən rɪˈzəlts ənd ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈbæləts ˈθəroʊli, ˈfɛrli, ənd ˈprɑpərli ˈɔdɪtɪd. bət ðɪs ðə ˈoʊnli ˈɛvədəns əv ɪˈlɛktərəl fraud…*…

exit polls: why they have been significantly off “over the past decades, exit polling has evolved into an exactience. indeed, among pollsters and statisticians, such surveys are thought to be the most reliable…exit polls in germany, for example, have never missed the mark by more than three-tenths of one percent. ‘exit polls are almost never wrong,’ dick morris, a political consultant who has worked for both republicans and democrats, noted after the 2004 vote. such surveys are ‘so reliable,’ he added, ‘that they are used as guides to the relative honesty of elections in third world countries.’ in 2003, vote tampering revealed by exit polling in the republic of georgia forced eduard shevardnadze to step down. and in november 2004, exit polling in the ukraine — paid for by the bush administration — exposed election fraud that denied viktor yushchenko the presidency.” — robert f. kennedy, jr. there are two main types of election polls: pre-election and exit. pre-election polls predict how people will vote; exit polls tell how people voted. as edison research’s executive vice president joe lenski states, all exit polls are conducted by edison research and distributed to six media organizations: fox, cnn, abc, cbs, nbc, and the associated press. exit polls are private, anonymous, and adjusted before release to account for every group or demographic that chooses not to respond for any reason. when the polls close in each primary, media organizations release the full exit polling data. afterwards, edison research compares them to actual voting results and makes adjustments. for instance, the exit polls initially showed a 4 point win by hillary clinton in new york at 9 pm, but were changed to 12 points at 9:45 once edison obtained voting results. therefore, the best time to determine the actual exit poll results is right after voting closes. however, this year in the democratic primaries, the exit polls have been consistently, significantly, and systemically off: table compiled by theodore soares and attained from richardcharnin.wordpress.com i verified the table with tweets from fivethirtyeight.com and pdfs of the first reported exit polling data, also accessible as images. this table was attained through election integrity, a facebook and google group of over 1,000 people dedicated to uncovering and preventing election fraud. while some confessed that election research and data can be a minefield, they unanimously agreed upon this: when the exit polls are way off, either the polls are wrong, electoral fraud was committed, or both. as robert f. kennedy, jr. mentioned, research shows that exit polls are almost always spot on. when one or two are incorrect, they could be statistical anomalies, but the more incorrect they are, the more it substantiates electoral fraud. this is shown by the data, which is extremely suspicious: discrepancies in eight of the sixteen primaries favoring clinton in voting results over exit polling data are outside of the margin of error. that’s half of them outside the margin of error: 2.3% greater in tennessee, 2.6% in massachusetts, 4% in texas, 4.7% in mississippi, 5.2% in ohio, 6.2% in new york, 7% in georgia, and 7.9% in alabama. this is extremely, extremely abnormal. the margin of error is designed to prevent this, accounting for the difference in percentage totals between the first exit polls and actual voting results for both candidates combined (as noted by the table’s third footnote). for instance, if hillary clinton outperforms the exit polls by 2.5% and bernie sanders underperforms by 2.5%, and the margin of error is 5%, then the exit poll is exactly on the margin of error. when an exit poll or two is outside of the margin, this denotes failure in the polling; when eight defy it — egregiously so — that indicates systemic electoral fraud. keep in mind, these are the discrepancies in favor of clinton between exit polls and voting results, from lowest to highest: -6.1%, -1.9%, 1.1%, 1.7%, 3.4%, 3.9%, 4.1%, 4.3%, 4.6%, 5.2%, 8%, 8.3%, 9.3%, 9.9%, 10%, 11.6%, 12.2%, and a whopping 14%. the discrepancies alone demand an investigation of electoral fraud. these are not just small, isolated errors, but systemic and alarming differences that point towards hillary clinton beating exit polls in an impossible way. nevertheless, one may still contend that 1) exit polls are “unreliable” and 2) bernie supporters are more “enthusiastic” to take exit polls than clinton supporters. however, if exit polls were done that poorly, we wouldn’t bother using them in the first place. in addition, they would be all over the place numerically, instead of consistently and considerably skewed towards hillary clinton. besides, exit pollsters are, frankly, not idiots; they’ve had decades to hone, adjust, and perfect their methods, and have many elections to compare results to. therefore, they account for any and all unlikely changes, including response bias — the possibility that bernie supporters are more enthusiastic. moreover, donald trump supporters are arguably more enthusiastic while deriving from a similar anti-establishment base. since edison research compiles the exit polls singlehandedly and the republican race has easily been more polarizing, divisive, and contentious, one would expect that republican exit polls would be even more skewed. except they haven’t been. they’ve been spot on almost every time. i was able to find tweets of almost all of the first republican exit polls from fivethirtyeight.com, phd student and election tracker taniel, and cbs live blogs. here is a table comparing their data and the actual voting results: if you have more data, feel free to add it in the comments. in every primary i could find data for, the republican primaries have been almost exactly right, with every data point in the margin of error, during a more polarizing, contentious, and hard-to-predict race. hence, this should be enough to prove my point: if exit polls were unreliable, then the republican primaries would have equally bad exit polling data, but they don’t, not even by a long shot. it demands an independent investigation, with the nomination results and voting ballots thoroughly, fairly, and properly audited. but this isn’t the only evidence of electoral fraud…

xvixen* ˈproʊˌfaɪl blɔg ʤɔɪnd noʊˈvɛmbər 2011 juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts 102 poʊsts 1 ðɪs taɪm aɪ æm ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ ju tɪ səbˈmɪt kˈwɛsʧənz fər ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər ˈrɑtərˌdæm. ɛz aɪ hæv hərd ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ˌbiˈfɔr "waɪ æm aɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz frəm ðə kəmˈjunɪti ənd nɑt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛm əp ˌmaɪˈsɛlf?" wɛl ˈsɪmpəl! ðə hoʊl pɔɪnt əv gɪts ˈpərsɪnəl" ɪz fər ðə kəmˈjunɪti tɪ gɪt tɪ noʊ ðiz pleɪərz ənd ˈkæstərz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈgeɪmɪŋ ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈænsərz tɪ kˈwɛsʧənz ðə kəmˈjunɪti ɪz ˈkjʊriəs əˈbaʊt ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ˈɛniˌθɪŋ juv ˈɛvər ˈwəndərd əˈbaʊt ˈrɑtərˌdæm, hir ɪz jʊr ʧæns tɪ gɪt ən ˈænsər fər (wɪˈθɪn ˈrizən). pliz kip ɪn maɪnd ðət wi ˈoʊnli hæv ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd əˈmaʊnt əv taɪm ðəs aɪ ˈkænɑt ˈprɑməs tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ɔl kˈwɛsʧənz səbˈmɪtəd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər wi ˈdɛfənətli wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ æsk ə fju soʊ fil fri tɪ æsk əˈweɪ ənd ˈfɑloʊ mi ɔn tˈwɪtər ənd tɪ kip ˈpoʊstɪd!! ɪf ju hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə wət gɪts ˈpərsɪnəl" ɪz ʧɛk aʊt səm ɪgˈzæmpəlz ɪn ðiz lɪŋks! heɪ ɔl! jɛs wəns əˈgɛn əˈnəðər wən əv ðiz taɪm aɪ æm ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ ju tɪ səbˈmɪt kˈwɛsʧənz fər ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər ˈrɑtərˌdæm. ɛz aɪ hæv hərd ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ˌbiˈfɔr "waɪ æm aɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz frəm ðə kəmˈjunɪti ənd nɑt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛm əp ˌmaɪˈsɛlf?" wɛl ˈsɪmpəl! ðə hoʊl pɔɪnt əv gɪts ˈpərsɪnəl" ɪz fər ðə kəmˈjunɪti tɪ gɪt tɪ noʊ ðiz pleɪərz ənd ˈkæstərz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈgeɪmɪŋ ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈænsərz tɪ kˈwɛsʧənz ðə kəmˈjunɪti ɪz ˈkjʊriəs əˈbaʊt juv ˈɛvər ˈwəndərd əˈbaʊt ˈrɑtərˌdæm, hir ɪz jʊr ʧæns tɪ gɪt ən ˈænsər fər (wɪˈθɪn ˈrizən). pliz kip ɪn maɪnd ðət wi ˈoʊnli hæv ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd əˈmaʊnt əv taɪm ðəs aɪ ˈkænɑt ˈprɑməs tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ɔl kˈwɛsʧənz səbˈmɪtəd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər wi ˈdɛfənətli wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ æsk ə fju soʊ fil fri tɪ æsk əˈweɪ ənd ˈfɑloʊ mi ɔn tˈwɪtər ənd tɪ kip ju hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə wət gɪts ˈpərsɪnəl" ɪz ʧɛk aʊt səm ɪgˈzæmpəlz ɪn ðiz lɪŋks! "ˈvɛntrəl sæk ˌɪnˈsaɪd maɪ frɛnd

xvixen profile blog joined november 2011 united states 102 posts #1 this time i am inviting you to submit questions for sc commentator rotterdam. as i have heard several times before "why am i taking questions from the community and not making them up myself?" well simple! the whole point of "xvixen gets personal" is for the community to get to know these players and casters outside of gaming as well as getting answers to questions the community is curious about etc. anything you've ever wondered about rotterdam, here is your chance to get an answer for (within reason). please keep in mind that we only have a limited amount of time thus i cannot promise to include all questions submitted, however we definitely will be able to ask a few so feel free to ask away and follow me on twitter @x_vixen and @teamdignitas to keep posted!! glhf xvixen www.team-dignitas.net if you have no idea what "xvixen gets personal" is check out some examples in these links! http://www.team-dignitas.org/articles/blogs/starcraft-ii/1367/xvixen-gets-personal-with-day9/ http://www.team-dignitas.net/articles/blogs/starcraft-ii/1160/xvixen-gets-personal-with-destiny http://www.team-dignitas.net/articles/news/league-of-legends/1231/xvixen-gets-personal-with-dignitasscarra-lol-edition hey all! yes once again another one of these posts!!this time i am inviting you to submit questions for sc commentator rotterdam. as i have heard several times before "why am i taking questions from the community and not making them up myself?" well simple! the whole point of "xvixen gets personal" is for the community to get to know these players and casters outside of gaming as well as getting answers to questions the community is curious about etc.anything you've ever wondered about rotterdam, here is your chance to get an answer for (within reason). please keep in mind that we only have a limited amount of time thus i cannot promise to include all questions submitted, however we definitely will be able to ask a few so feel free to ask away and follow me on twitter @x_vixen and @teamdignitas to keep posted!!glhfxvixenif you have no idea what "xvixen gets personal" is check out some examples in these links! twitter.com/x_vixen "ventral sack upgrade....come inside >.>"- my zerg friend

ˈgɛri ɪz ə bɪg ˈθiətər fæn ənd wɔnts tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ mɔr ˈfʊtˌbɔl fænz ˈɪntu ðə ɑrts (ˈpɪkʧər: ˈgɛti) ˈgɛri ɪz ə ˈpæʃənət ˈθiətər fæn ənd həz ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd mɔr ˈfʊtˌbɔl fænz ʃʊd gɪv lɪv pərˈfɔrməns ə traɪ. ðə ˈfɔrmər pleɪər ənd ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈpəndət toʊld ðət ˈθiətər ənd ˈfʊtˌbɔl ər ˈsɪmələr bɪˈkəz ˈnɛvər noʊ wət goʊɪŋ tɪ get’*’. ˈspikɪŋ ˈæftər ˈpætrɪk ðə rɛd laɪən, ə ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd pleɪ əˈbaʊt ˈfʊtˌbɔl, ˈgɛri sɛd: ˈɔlˌweɪz ləvd ˈθiətər ənd aɪ wɪʃ aɪ gɑt ˈɪntu ɪt ə lɔt younger.’*.’ ðə rɛd laɪən ɪz ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈlɑkər rum (ˈpɪkʧər: mɑrk douet*) gɑt ˈrɪli ˈɪntu ɪt, ənd aɪ goʊ æt list wəns ə mənθ tɪ wɔʧ pleɪz, soʊ aɪ wʊd ˈθəroʊli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ɪt. greɪt, ʃʊr ˈəðər pleɪərz wɪl bi ðə same’*’. ˈgɛri wɑz fərst wən ˈoʊvər baɪ ˈmɛni similarities’*’ bɪtˈwin ˈfʊtˌbɔl ənd ˈθiətər. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈgɛri sɪz: si ˈpipəl ˈwərkɪŋ təˈgɛðər, ˌɛnərˈteɪnɪŋ: laɪk ˈfʊtˌbɔl, ju ˈnɛvər kwaɪt noʊ wət goʊɪŋ tɪ get’*’. wɔʧ ðə ˈtreɪlər fər ðə rɛd laɪən baɪ ˈpætrɪk marber*. ækˈnɑlɪʤɪŋ ðə ˈʧælənʤ əv ˈgɪtɪŋ bəmz ɔn sits ɪn ˈθiətərz, ənd ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ nu ˈɔdiənsəz, ˈgɛri θɪŋks ðə rɛd laɪən pleɪ ɪz ə ˈgeɪtˌweɪ tɪ ənd ˈfʊtˌbɔl fans’*’ tɪ ˈθiətər. ˈgɛri θɪŋks ðə rɛd laɪən ɪz ə gʊd ˈgeɪtˌweɪ tɪ ˈθiətər fər ˈfʊtˌbɔl fænz (ˈpɪkʧər: ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz fər ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɛrˌweɪz) ðə pleɪ, əˈbaʊt ðə weɪ ˈfʊtˌbɔl əˈfɛkts θri mɛn hu kəm æt ðə geɪm frəm ˈdɪfərənt pərˈspɛktɪvz, rɪˈsivd ˈvɛri gʊd rəvˈjuz wɪn ɪt ˈoʊpənd æt ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈθiətər ɪn 2015 wɪn æst wət hɪz ˈmɛsɪʤ tɪ ˈfʊtˌbɔl fænz wɑz, ˈgɛri sɛd: ˈlɪsən tɪ mi ɔl ðə time!’*!’ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ləv ɪt, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz heɪt ɪt, bət əˈbaʊt ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ lɪv. rɛd laɪən həz gɑt ˈmɛsɪʤɪz, gɑt ˌriˈæləˌti ənd gɑt ə greɪt dil əv humour’*’. ə sin frəm ðə rɛd laɪən, trəˈfælgər ˈstudiˌoʊz (ˈpɪkʧər: mɑrk douet*) ˈpætrɪk pleɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈreɪzɪz ˈɪʃuz əˈbaʊt ˌmæskjəˈlɪnəti, ənd ðə trænˈspɛrənsi əv ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks ðət goʊz ɔn wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈlɑkər rum. ðət ɪnˈkərəʤəz ˈpipəl tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ˈɪʃuz əv ɪkˈwɑləti həz tɪ bi ə gʊd thing,’*,’ sərˈmaɪzd. mɔr: ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈʤeɪmi ˌrivˈju: ˌɪnˈtɛnsli ˈrɛləvənt ənd ˈpaʊərfli mɔr: ðə ˈɛksərsɪst, ˈfinɪks ˈθiətər, ˌrivˈju: nɑt ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈskɛri bət ən ɛkˌstrævəˈgænzə ˌnənðəˈlɛs

gary lineker is a big theatre fan and wants to encourage moreotball fans into the arts (picture: getty) gary lineker is a passionate theatre fan and has insisted moreotball fans should give live performance a try. thermer player and tv pundit told metro.co.uk that theatre andotball are similar because ‘you never know what going to get’. speaking after patrick marber’s the red lion, a celebrated play aboutotball, gary said: ‘i’ve always loved theatre and i wish i got into it a lot younger.’ the red lion is aotball play about the locker room (picture: mark douet) ‘i got really into it, and i go at least once a month to watch plays, so i would thoroughly recommend it. great, sure other players will be the same’. gary was first won over by ‘the many similarities’ betweenotball and theatre. advertisement advertisement gary says: ‘you see people working together, entertaining: likeotball, you never quite know what going to get’. watch the trailerr the red lion by patrick marber. acknowledging the challenge of getting bums on seats in theatres, and encouraging new audiences, gary thinks the red lion play is ‘certainly a gateway tootballers andotball fans’ to theatre. gary lineker thinks the red lion is a good gateway to theatrerotball fans (picture: getty imagesr british airways) the play, about the wayotball affects three men who come at the game from different perspectives, received very good reviews when it opened at the national theatre in 2015. when asked what his message tootball fans was, gary said: ‘they listen to me all the time!’ sometimes love it, sometimes hate it, but about experiencing something live. ‘the red lion has got messages, got reality and got a great deal of humour’. a scene from the red lion, trafalgar studios (picture: mark douet) patrick marber’s play also raises issues about masculinity, and the transparency of the politics that goes on within the locker room. ‘anything that encourages people to explore issues of equality has to be a good thing,’ lineker surmised. more: everybody’s talking about jamie review: intensely relevant and powerfully feel-good more: the exorcist, phoenix theatre, review: not particularly scary but an audio-visual extravaganza nonetheless

7 maɪnd trɪks nid wɪn ju fil laɪk ˈgɪvɪŋ əp krɪs blɑkt ˈfɑloʊ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ 9 2016 wɪn goʊɪŋ θru hɛl. kip goʊɪŋ. ˈwɪnstən ˈʧərʧɪl (ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt) fɛlt laɪk kˈwɪtɪŋ ə lɔt ˈrisəntli. ɪn ðə læst fju wiks wɛnt ˌɪnkɔgˈnitoʊ ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈɔfəs aʊərz ˈməltəpəl taɪmz tɪ ɪˈskeɪp tɪ ðə ˈsɪnəmə. aɪ wɔʧt ˈrɪzən ənd ˈləndən həz ˈfɑlən. aɪ ˈbeɪsɪkli swɔpt wən pərˈsivd ˈtɔrʧər fər ən ˈækʧəwəl ril wən. kˈwɪtɪŋ gʊd ˈhæbəts ðət wərkt ɔn fər mənθs ɪz ə rɪˈdɪkjələs ˈɔpʃən. soʊ aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ riʧ aʊt tɪ frɛndz wɪθ ə kˈwɛʃən: wɪn ju fil laɪk kˈwɪtɪŋ bət ˈmænɪʤ tɪ goʊ ɔn ˈɛniˌweɪ, wət ɪz ɪt ju du ɪn jʊr hɛd ˈθɪŋi? wət du ju du tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðə ˈfilɪŋ ðət sɪz ʤɪst gɪv əp? ðɪs wɑz ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən ““wisdom”*” aɪ gɑt bæk wɑz ðət wɪn ju fil laɪk kˈwɪtɪŋ ʤɪst breɪk ðə ˈʧælənʤ daʊn tɪ ðə sˈmɔləst fərst stɛp, ənd ðɛn du ðət. toʊld ˈpipəl ðɪs ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ɪt saʊnz waɪz. ʤɪst stɑrt smɔl, ɪz ˈbʊlˌʃɪt. waɪ: ðɪs græf əv ˈtoʊtəli ˈlɛʤɪt ˈdætə ðət aɪ meɪd əp ʃoʊz ðət ər tu taɪmz wɪn duɪŋ ə θɪŋ ɪz æt ˈhɑrdəst. 1 wɪn bɪn duɪŋ θɪŋ fər soʊ lɔŋ ðət ju ər soʊ ɪgˈzɔstɪd ðət ju kəˈlæps ɪn ə bɔl əv ˈgɪvɪŋ əp. 2 raɪt æt ðə ˈvɛri ˈvɛri ˈvɛri bɪˈgɪnɪŋ wɪn ju du ðə ˈvɛri fərst pɑrt əv θɪŋ. nɑt ˈrənɪŋ ðə ˈmɛrəˌθɑn ðət ɪz hɑrd. ˈpʊtɪŋ ɔn ðə dæm ʃuz. soʊ ju ər goʊɪŋ tɪ nid səm ˈmɛntəl trɪks ɪn jʊr tɪ hɛlp ju ɔn ðoʊz deɪz wɪn ju hæv ˈmæsɪv rɪˈzɪstəns tɪ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ θru wɪθ jʊr ˈhæbət ˈbɪldɪŋ. ˈprɑbəˌbli juz ðə ʤɪm ɛz maɪ goʊ tɪ ˈhæbət ɪgˈzæmpəl frəm hir ɔn aʊt) 1 ðə sˈlɪpəri sloʊp ˈnɛvər fərˈgɛt ðət moʊˈmɛntəm ɪz ə kruəl ˈmɪstrəs, ʃi kən tərn ɔn ə daɪm wɪθ ðə sˈmɔləst mɪˈsteɪk. wəns ju pɑp ju stɑp. waɪ ə rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ˌælkəˈhɑlɪk teɪk ʤɪst wən sɪp. waɪ aɪ steɪ əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈʧizˌkeɪk ˈfæktəri. ðə sˈlɪpəri sloʊp ɪz tɪ riˈmaɪnd ˈjɔrsɛlf (θru ə ˈlɪtəl ˌɪnˈtərnəl tɔk, ər ɪkˈstərnəl, ɪf haʊ ju roʊl) ðət ɪf ju skɪp jʊr ˈsɛʃən təˈdeɪ ðɛn təˈmɑˌroʊ bi ˈiziər tɪ skɪp ɪt əˈgɛn ənd ˈivɪn ˈhɑrdər tɪ goʊ. ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz goʊ tɪ ðə ʤɪm ɪz tɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz goʊ. ““chris*, təˈdeɪ ɪf ju skɪp ðə ʤɪm ðɛn təˈmɑˌroʊ faɪnd ɪt ˈivɪn ˈhɑrdər tɪ ˈfɑloʊ θru ənd əv sɛt ə ˈprɛsɪdənt ðət əˈlaʊz ju tɪ skɪp wɪθ lɛs gɪlt. bi ˈiziər tɪ skɪp! ðɛn it səm keɪk, ðɛn stɑrt ɔn ðə ˈʃʊgər, ðɛn fɔl soʊ fɑr bæk əˈgɛn ðət goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə ʤɪm wɪl fil laɪk səʧ ə bɪg ˈʧælənʤ ðət ju maɪt ˈnɛvər goʊ bæk. ðɛn gɪt fæt ənd daɪ young.”*.” ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ˈskɪpɪŋ wəns ər ˈbɪgər ðən aɪ θɔt. goʊ. ðət. ɪz ə drəˈmætɪk sˈlɪpəri sloʊp. ənd ɪt wərks. 2 ðə aɪ ləv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈmæntrə ˈkeɪməl wɑz laɪɪŋ ɪn bɛd, kloʊz tɪ dɛθ ənd ˈrɛdi tɪ gɪv əp (hɪz ˈstɑrˌtəp hæd ɪkˈsploʊdɪd aɪ θɪŋk). ðɛn hi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈtɛlɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf: ləv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. aɪ ləv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. aɪ ləv myself.”*.” fæst ˈfɔrwərd ə fju jɪrz ənd ə ˌbɪljəˈnɛr wɪθ ə fʊl hɛd əv hɛr. nɑ, ʤoʊks. bət hi simz ˈhɛlθi ənd ˈhæpi. ɪt wʊd sim ðət ðə aɪ ləv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈmæntrə ɪz mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs ðən ɪt ʃʊd bi. ðə wərdz aɪ ləv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf kən fil in-congruent*, ˈɔkwərd, fɔls. ðɪs kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi ə ˈsoʊəli ˈbrɪtɪʃ treɪt. bət ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə paʊər ənd bɪn duɪŋ ɪt. wərk bɪˈkəz ðeɪ blɑk aʊt ˈɛnəmi ˈnəmbər 1 ðət gaɪ hu əˈpɪrz moʊst wɪn ju ər kloʊz tɪ kˈwɪtɪŋ. ju. rɪˈpitɪŋ ðə ˈmæntrə aɪ ləv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, ɔn ə lup, fər ˈmɪnəts æt ə taɪm, ənˈtɪl ju stɑp ˈhirɪŋ ɪt laɪk ən ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈifɛktɪv weɪ tɪ blɑk aʊt ðə ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈdaɪəˌlɔg. faʊnd ðət ɪt wərks moʊst ˈifɛktɪvli ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈtrɛdˌmɪl rənz ənd ðə rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv əv ə sɛt. maɪ ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈdaɪəˌlɔg ləvz tɪ pɑp əp wɪθ: oʊ, ræn 30 ˈmɪnəts, aɪ heɪt ðɪs, ˈbɔrɪŋ, əg maɪ ləŋz bərn, maɪ lɛgz hərt, dən ɪˈnəf, kwɪt yeah…*… kwɪt.. stɑp naʊ. ɪt wɪθ ə ˈkɑnstənt ˈmæntrə. aɪ ləv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, aɪ ləv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, aɪ ləv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. 3 ˌrivˈju jʊr ˈprɑˌgrɛs wɪʧ ɪz ˈmɛʒərd improves.”*.” lɔ. dən ˈɔsəm ˈgɪtɪŋ ðɪs fɑr. rɪˈmɛmbər wɪn ju juzd tɪ bi fæt? jæ, ðət səkt. ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ə sloʊ ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd wi tɛnd tɪ fərˈgɛt ʤɪst haʊ fɑr kəm. wɪn ju fil laɪk kˈwɪtɪŋ ənd nid ən ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃən əv ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən, pʊl aʊt ðə rɪˈzəlts bɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ənd ˌrivˈju ðɛm. bət ðɪs ɪz dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn ˈsəmθɪŋ: meɪk ʃʊr ˈmɛʒərɪŋ. teɪk ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ˈjɔrsɛlf. raɪt daʊn jʊr ˈwərˌkaʊt. snæp ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv jʊr milz. teɪk əv jʊr ˈərli ˈwɛbˌsaɪt dɪˈzaɪnz. kip ðə fərst drɔɪŋz ju dɪd. træk. træk. træk. ðɛn ˌrivˈju ðə ˈprɑˌgrɛs ˈɛvəri soʊ ˈɔfən tɪ fil greɪt ənd pʊʃ ˈjɔrsɛlf θru ˈɛni rɪˈzɪstəns ðət meɪks ju fil laɪk təˈdeɪ wɑz ə gʊd deɪ tɪ kwɪt. 4 rɪˈwɔrd ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈfɔrwərd tɔkt əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˌbiˈfɔr ɛz ə weɪ tɪ əˈvɔɪd self-sabotage*. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf wɪθ θɪŋz ðət pʊʃ ju bæk: laɪk, ə slaɪs əv keɪk ˈæftər ðə ʤɪm. rɪˈwɔrd ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈfɔrwərd ɪf aɪ bit maɪ bɛst taɪm goʊɪŋ tɪ baɪ səm nu ˈrənɪŋ ʃuz. nu ˈrənɪŋ ʃuz wɪl meɪk ju ˈivɪn ˈbɛtər æt ˈrənɪŋ ənd pʊʃ ju ˈfɔrwərd. wɪn ju fil laɪk kˈwɪtɪŋ, sɛt ˈjɔrsɛlf ə nu rɪˈwɔrd ðət wɪl ɪnˈtaɪs ju tɪ gɪt θru ðə ˈfilɪŋ əv ˈgɪvɪŋ əp. 5 ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪt jʊr waɪ ɔn ə ˈpɔdˌkæst wɪθ ʤeɪmz ælˈtəkər, ˈʧɑrəlz ðə ˈɔθər əv ðə paʊər əv ˈhæbət, tɔks əˈbaʊt ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪŋ jʊr waɪ soʊ ðət ə mənˈdeɪn tæsk teɪks ɔn ˌmɑnjəˈmɛnəl ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns. ɪt wərks ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs. aɪ heɪt ˈgreɪdɪŋ ˈstudənts ˈpeɪpərz. aɪ wɔnt tɪ du ɪt. aɪ wɔnt tɪ bi ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn maɪ ˈrisərʧ tɪ kjʊr ˈkænsər ˌɪnˈstɛd. bət weɪt. aɪ greɪd ˈpeɪpərz soʊ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti kən rən ˈkɔrsɪz, soʊ ðət ˈstudənts wɪl peɪ ˈməni tɪ bi ɔn ðoʊz ˈkɔrsɪz, soʊ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti wɪl hæv fəndz tɪ peɪ mi ənd fənd maɪ ˈrisərʧ, soʊ ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈməni fər maɪ kjʊr fər ˈkænsər ˈrisərʧ ənd aɪ du ðət soʊ ðət aɪ kən seɪv lɪvz. ˈgreɪdɪŋ ˈpeɪpərz ˈseɪvɪŋ lɪvz. 6 gɪt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɔrni ðɪs maɪt ʤɪst bi mi. bət wɪn aɪ nid ðət ˈɛkstrə bust aɪ tərn tɪ ðə greɪts. ˈtoʊni ˈrɑbɪnz wɪl du. θroʊ ɔn ə ˈjuˌtub klɪp əv ðɪs mæn ʤɪst biɪŋ əˈlaɪv ənd ˈrɛdi tɪ wɔk θru wɔlz. aɪ seɪ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɔrni ɛz ə ˈkɑmpləmɛnt. noʊ wən kwaɪt dɪz laɪk ðə əˈmɛrɪkənz. ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ ɪz ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈfeɪvərɪt əv ˈmɪljənz əv ˈpipəl. meɪk ɪt jʊr əˈlɑrm klɑk. ˌgɛrənˈtid tɪ gɪv ju ðə ənd liv ju ˈfilɪŋ laɪk ˈbɛŋgəl ˈfəkɪŋ ˈtaɪgər. rawwwwr*. 7 du ə ˌriˈæləˌti ʧɛk ðɛr ər ˈpipəl ˈwɪlɪŋli ˈwərkɪŋ (ˈsəmˈwət, dəˈbeɪtəbəl) ɪn sˈwɛtˌʃɑps tɪ meɪk ˈməni tɪ bɪld ˈbɛtər lɪvz fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd ðɛr ˈfæməliz. nɛkst taɪm goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə ʤɪm filz laɪk, jæ, ju know…*… ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt hɑrd, hæv ə ˌriˈæləˌti ʧɛk. du ə kwɪk rən θru əv ˈləki ju wər tɪ wɪn ðə ʤəˈnɛrɪk ˈlɑtəri ənd bi bɔrn wɪθ ˌwəˈtɛvər ædˈvæntɪʤɪz ju hæv. kwɪk rən daʊn fər mi: bɔrn ɪn fərst wərld ˈkəntri, ɪn ə soʊˈsaɪɪti wɪθ fri hɛlθ kɛr ənd ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti, tɪ ˈpɛrənts hu wər hɑrd ˈwərkɪŋ, æt ə taɪm wɪn tɛkˈnɑləʤi wɑz ˈgɪtɪŋ ənd ðɛn ˈgɪvɪn ə kəmˈpjutər wɪθ ˈɪntərˌnɛt æt eɪʤ 11 ənd ðɛn hæv bɪn ˈləki ɪˈnəf tɪ nɑt daɪ ˌbiˈfɔr 30 ˌriˈæləˌti ʧɛk. maɪ ʤɪm həz 8 hɑt təbz, ə ˈklaɪmɪŋ wɔl ənd fri bəˈnænəz fər seɪk. hu æm aɪ tɪ nɑt wɔnt tɪ goʊ? ˈoʊˈkeɪ, ʤɪm taɪm. aɪ gɛs raɪd əˈlɔŋ 2 wɪl ʤɪst hæv tɪ weɪt.

7 mind tricks you’ll need when you feel like giving up chris blocked unblock follow following apr 9, 2016 when you’re going through hell. keep going. — winston churchill (probably not) i’ve felt like quitting a lot recently. in the last few weeks i’ve went incognito during office hours multiple times to escape to the cinema. i watched risen and london has fallen. i basically swapped one perceived torture for an actual real one. quitting good habits that i’ve worked on for months is a ridiculous option. so i started to reach out to friends with a question: when you feel like quitting but manage to go on anyway, what is it you do in your head thingy? what do you do to overcome the feeling that says just give up? this was the most common “wisdom” i got back was that when you feel like quitting just break the challenge down to the smallest first step, and then do that. i’ve told people this myself. it sounds wise. just start small, is bullshit. here’s why: this graph of totally legit data that i made up shows that are two times when doing a thing is at it’s hardest. 1. when you’ve been doing thing for so long that you are so exhausted that you collapse in a ball of giving up. 2. right at the very very very beginning when you do the very first part of thing. it’s not running the marathon that is hard. it’s putting on the dam shoes. so you are going to need some mental tricks in your toolkit to help you on those days when you have massive resistance to following through with your habit building. (i’ll probably use the gym as my go to habit example from here on out) 1. the slippery slope never forget that momentum is a cruel mistress, she can turn on a dime with the smallest mistake. once you pop you can’t stop. it’s why a recovering alcoholic doesn’t take just one sip. it’s why i stay away from the cheesecake factory. the slippery slope is to remind yourself (through a little internal talk, or external, if how you roll) that if you skip your session today then tomorrow it’ll be easier to skip it again and even harder to go. the only way to always go to the gym is to always go. “chris, today if you skip the gym then tomorrow you’ll find it even harder to follow through and you’ll of set a precedent that allows you to skip with less guilt. it’ll be easier to skip! then you’ll eat some cake, then you’ll start on the sugar, then you’ll fall so far back again that going to the gym will feel like such a big challenge that you might never go back. then you’ll get fat and die young.” the consequences of skipping once are bigger than i thought. let’s go. that. is a dramatic slippery slope. and it works. 2. the i love myself mantra kamal ravikant was lying in bed, close to death and ready to give up (his startup had exploded i think). then he started telling himself: “i love myself. i love myself. i love myself.” fast forward a few years and he’s a billionaire with a full head of hair. nah, jokes. but he seems healthy and happy. it would seem that the i love myself mantra is more difficult for many of us than it should be. vocalising the words i love myself can feel in-congruent, awkward, false. this could also be a solely british trait. but it also has a power and i’ve been doing it. mantras work because they block out enemy number 1. that guy who appears most when you are close to quitting. you. repeating the mantra i love myself, on a loop, for minutes at a time, until you can’t stop hearing it like an earworm is a very effective way to block out the negative internal dialogue. i’ve found that it works most effectively during treadmill runs and the 10th rep of a set. my internal dialogue loves to pop up with: oh, you’ve ran fo 30 minutes, i hate this, it’s boring, ugh my lungs burn, my legs hurt, i’ve done enough, let’s quit … yeah… quit.. let’s stop now. over-ride it with a constant mantra. i love myself, i love myself, i love myself. 3. review your progress “that which is measured improves.” — pearson’s law. you’ve done awesome getting this far. remember when you used to be fat? yeah, that sucked. change is a slow process and we tend to forget just how far we’ve come. when you feel like quitting and need an injection of motivation, pull out the results you’ve been recording and review them. but this is dependent on something: make sure you’re measuring. take photos of yourself. write down your workout. snap a photo of your meals. take screenshots of your early website designs. keep the first drawings you did. track. track. track. then review the progress every so often to feel great and push yourself through any resistance that makes you feel like today was a good day to quit. 4. reward yourself forward i’ve talked about this before as a way to avoid self-sabotage. instead of rewarding yourself with things that push you back: like, a slice of cake after the gym. reward yourself forward — i.e if i beat my best time i’m going to buy some new running shoes. new running shoes will make you even better at running and push you forward. when you feel like quitting, set yourself a new reward that will entice you to get through the feeling of giving up. 5. exaggerate your why on a podcast with james altucher, charles duhigg the author of the power of habit, talks about exaggerating your why so that a mundane task takes on monumental importance. it works something like this. i hate grading students papers. i don’t want to do it. i want to be working on my research to cure cancer instead. but wait. i grade papers so the university can run courses, so that students will pay money to be on those courses, so the university will have funds to pay me and fund my research, so that there is money for my cure for cancer research and i do that so that i can save lives. ∴ grading papers = saving lives. 6. get american corny this might just be me. but when i need that extra boost i turn to the 80s greats. tony robbins will do. throw on a youtube clip of this man just being alive and i’m ready to walk through walls. i say american corny as a compliment. no one quite does pullyourselfupandgofuckingdoit like the americans. this video is a particular favourite of millions of people. make it your alarm clock. guaranteed to give you the tingles and leave you feeling like bengal fucking tiger. rawwwwr. 7. do a reality check there are people willingly working (somewhat, it’s debatable) in sweatshops to make money to build better lives for themselves and their families. next time going to the gym feels like, yeah, you know… a little bit hard, have a reality check. do a quick run through of lucky you were to win the generic lottery and be born with whatever advantages you have. quick run down for me: born in first world country, in a society with free health care and social security, to parents who were hard working, at a time when technology was getting super-cool and then given a computer with internet at age 11 and then have been lucky enough to not die before 30. reality check. my gym has 8 hot tubs, a climbing wall and free bananas for god’s sake. who am i to not want to go? ok, it’s gym time. i guess ride along 2 will just have to wait.

ɪts nɑt ˈwɔkɪŋ ɔn ˈwɔtər, bət kloʊz ɪˈnəf (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈæməˌzɑn) ðɛr ər fju θɪŋz wərs ɪn ˈmɑdərn laɪf ðən wɛt sɑks. ˈwɛðər ɪts əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ steɪ draɪ waɪl ˈkæmpɪŋ ər ˈgɪtɪŋ soʊkt θru jʊr ʃuz ɪn ðət ˈsaɪdˌwɔk ˈpədəl ju əˈtɛmptəd tɪ fɔrd ɔn ðə weɪ tɪ wərk, ə wɛt pɛr əv sɑks kən tərn ən ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈævərɪʤ deɪ ˈɪntu ə ˈmɪzərəbəl, dæmp hɛl. wɛr ˈwɔtərˌpruf kru sɑks kəm ɪn. ˈæməˌzɑn ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt θæŋks fər ˈwɑʧɪŋ! ˈvɪzɪt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ðiz fænˈtæstɪk sɑks ˈɑrənt ʤɪst ˈkəmfərtəbəl, bət kəmˈplitli ˈwɔtərˌpruf θæŋks tɪ ə juˈnik dɪˈzaɪn dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ʃaʊər pæs. ˈæməˌzɑn ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt θæŋks fər ˈwɑʧɪŋ! ˈvɪzɪt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt θæŋks fər ˈwɑʧɪŋ! ˈvɪzɪt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ðə sɑks kənˈsɪsts əv θri dɪˈstɪŋkt laters*: ə ɪkˈstɪriər ˈsɪmələr tɪ jʊr ˈklæsɪk pɛr əv kru sɑks; ə ˈkəmfərtəbəl ənd ˈlaɪnɪŋ ɔn ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd; ənd, ˈsænˌwɪʧt ɪn bɪtˈwin, ə ˈwɔtərˌpruf ˈmɛmˌbreɪn ðət kips jʊr fit draɪ waɪl əˈlaʊɪŋ ðɛm tɪ brið. ʃaʊər pæs ðə sɑks kəmz ɪn ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈkələrz (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə braɪt niɑn dɪˈzaɪn fər wɪn jʊr əˈgrɛsɪvli æt ðə ʤɪm). ˈæməˌzɑn ðɛr ˈkərəntli ˈsɛlɪŋ fər bɪtˈwin 28 ənd 35 ɔn ˈæməˌzɑn, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə staɪl.

it's not walking on water, but close enough (photo: amazon) there are few things worse in modern life than wet socks. whether it's attempting to stay dry while camping or getting soaked through your shoes in that sidewalk puddle you attempted to ford on the way to work, a wet pair of socks can turn an otherwise average day into a miserable, damp hell. that’s where crosspoint waterproof crew socks come in. amazon advertisement thanks for watching! visit website these fantastic socks aren't just comfortable, but completely waterproof thanks to a unique design developed by the rainwear company shower pass. amazon advertisement thanks for watching! visit website advertisement thanks for watching! visit website the socks consists of three distinct laters: a wear-resistant exterior similar to your classic pair of crew socks; a comfortable merino-wool wicking and anti-bacterial lining on the inside; and, sandwiched in between, a waterproof artex membrane that keeps your feet dry while allowing them to breathe. shower pass the socks comes in a handful of different colors (including a bright neon design for when you're aggressively peacocking at the gym). amazon they're currently selling for between $28 and $35 on amazon, depending on the style.

ˈbreɪkɪŋ nuz iˈmeɪlz gɪt ˈbreɪkɪŋ nuz əˈlərts ənd ˈspɛʃəl rɪˈpɔrts. ðə nuz ənd ˈstɔriz ðət ˈmætər, dɪˈlɪvərd ˈwikˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋz. meɪ 11 2017 piɛm ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd meɪ 13 2017 piɛm baɪ ˈkɔrtni kjub ənd ˈælən ə ˈrəʃən ˈfaɪtər ʤɛt twaɪs keɪm wɪˈθɪn ə ʃɔrt ˈdɪstəns frəm ə juz. ˈneɪvi sərˈveɪləns ˈɛrˌkræft ˈoʊvər ðə blæk si ðɪs wik, juz. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd. ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ə ˈrəʃən ʤɛt əˈproʊʧt ðə juz. ˈneɪvi pəˈsaɪdən waɪl ɪt wɑz "kənˈdəktɪŋ ruˈtin ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛrˌspeɪs," əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ capt*. ˈpæmələ kənz, ə ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən fər juz. ˈneɪvəl ˈfɔrsɪz ˈjʊrəp. kənz ˈædɪd ðət ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən "wɑz kənˈsɪdərd seɪf ənd prəˈfɛʃənəl" baɪ ðə ˈmɪʃən kəˈmændər. ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈɪʃud ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈrəʃəz ˈmɪnɪstri əv dɪˈfɛns sɛd ə ʤɛt hæd "ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd ə 'ˈgritɪŋ' məˈnuvər" təˈwɔrd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpaɪləts. ə ˈrəʃən ˈfaɪtər ʤɛt. ˈsɛrʤi ˌeɪˈpi faɪl ɪt ˈædɪd ðət ðə ˈfaɪtər hæd bɪn ˈskræmbəld ˈæftər "ən ɛr ˈtərgət əˈproʊʧɪŋ ðə ˈrəʃən steɪt ˈbɔrdər hæd bɪn ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd əˈbəv blæk si ˈnutrəl ˈwɔtərz." ðə ˈsteɪtmənt sɛd ðət ðə juz. riˈkɑnəsəns pleɪn ˈsəbsəkwəntli "ʧeɪnʤd ɪts kɔrs tɪ muv əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈrəʃən ˈbɔrdər." ðɛn ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ə pəˈsaɪdən hæd əˈnəðər kloʊz ɪnˈkaʊnər wɪθ ən ˈoʊvər ðə blæk si, əˈbaʊt 120 maɪəlz ˌsaʊˈθist əv kraɪˈmiə, sɛd ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ˈspoʊkspərsən cmdr*. ˈsɛrə ˈhɪgɪnz. dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðə tu ˈɛrˌkræft keɪm wɪˈθɪn əˈprɑksəmətli 45 fit əv wən əˈnəðər, ˈhɪgɪnz sɛd ðə ˈɪnsədənt wɑz kənˈsɪdərd "seɪf ənd prəˈfɛʃənəl" ʤɪst laɪk ˈtuzˌdeɪz ˈɪnsədənt. rɪˈleɪtɪd: trəmps ˈrɛtərɪk həz ðɪs taʊn 'ˈrɛdi fər wɔr' kənz ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ðət juz. ˈneɪvi ˈɛrˌkræft ənd ʃɪps ruˈtinli ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ˈrəʃən ˈvɛsəlz ənd ˈɛrˌkræft ɪn ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, 20 fit ɪz ɪkˈstrimli kloʊz ənd ˈəðər ɪnˈkaʊnərz æt məʧ ˈgreɪtər ˈdɪstənsɪz hæv bɪn dimd ənˈseɪf ənd ˌənprəˈfɛʃənəl baɪ ðə juz. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɪn ðə pæst. kənz sɛd ðət ˈdɪstəns ɪz "ˈoʊnli wən əv ˈmɛni ˈvɛriəbəlz kənˈsɪdərd wɪn dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ wət ɪz seɪf ənd prəˈfɛʃənəl." spid, ˈæltəˌtud, ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti ənd ˈəðər ˈfæktərz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈteɪkən ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt.

breaking news emails get breaking news alerts and special reports. the news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings. may 11, 2017, 9:35 pm gmt / updated may 13, 2017, 6:21 pm gmt by courtney kube and alan kaytukov a russian fighter jet twice came within a short distance from a u.s. navy surveillance aircraft over the black sea this week, u.s. military officials said. on tuesday, a russian su-27 jet approached the u.s. navy p-8a poseidon while it was "conducting routine operations in international airspace," according to capt. pamela kunze, a spokeswoman for u.s. naval forces europe. kunze added that the interaction "was considered safe and professional" by the p-8a's mission commander. in a statement issued friday, russia's ministry of defense said a su-30 jet had "executed a 'greeting' maneuver" toward the american pilots. a russian su-27 fighter jet. sergey venuavsky / ap file it added that the fighter had been scrambled after "an air target approaching the russian state border had been located ... above black sea neutral waters." the statement said that the u.s. reconnaissance plane subsequently "changed its course to move away from the russian border." then on friday morning, a p-8 poseidon had another close encounter with an su-27 over the black sea, about 120 miles southeast of crimea, said pentagon spokesperson cmdr. sarah higgins. despite the fact the two aircraft came within approximately 45 feet of one another, higgins said the incident was considered "safe and professional" — just like tuesday's incident. related: trump's rhetoric has this town 'ready for war' kunze highlighted that u.s. navy aircraft and ships routinely interact with russian vessels and aircraft in international territory. however, 20 feet is extremely close and other encounters at much greater distances have been deemed unsafe and unprofessional by the u.s. military in the past. kunze said that distance is "only one of many variables considered when defining what is safe and professional." speed, altitude, visibility and other factors are also taken into account.

©* səˈbæsʧən ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd ˈkipɪŋ ə ˈbɪzi ˈskɛʤʊl meɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt ðə breɪn wən əv ðə bɛst weɪz tɪ kip jʊr wən əv ðə bɛst weɪz tɪ kip jʊr breɪn ʃɑrp ɛz ju gɪt ˈoʊldər meɪ bi tɪ steɪ ˈbɪzi, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ nu ˈrisərʧ. waɪl ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv ˈpriviəsli ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ˈmɛnəli ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪtiz ə nu ˈstədi səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈkipɪŋ ə pækt ˈskɛʤʊl meɪ ˈɔfər ˈsɪmələr ˈbɛnəfɪts. ɪn ə ˈsərˌveɪ əv ˈoʊvər 300 ˈpipəl pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈdæləs ˈlaɪfˌspæn breɪn ˈstədi, ˈstədi ˈɔθərz faʊnd ðət əˈməŋ ˈædəlts ˈoʊvər ðə eɪʤ əv 50 ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈbɪzi ˈskɛʤʊl wɑz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈbɛtər breɪn ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ, ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈmɛməri, ˈʃɑrpər ˈrizənɪŋ ənd ˈbɛtər voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri. ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈstədi reɪnʤd frəm 50 tɪ 89 jɪrz oʊld, ənd ðə ˈpɑzətɪv ˈifɛkt əv ɔn ðə breɪn wɑz kənˈsɪstənt əˈkrɔs eɪʤ. ðɪs, ðə ˈstədi ˈɔθərz kənˈklud, səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈkipɪŋ ə ˈbɪzi ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ˈmɪdəl eɪʤ ɛz wɛl ɛz oʊld eɪʤ. ˈpɑsəbəl ðət steɪɪŋ ˈbɪzi ˌɪnˈkrisɪz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ lərn nu θɪŋz, ɛz ðeɪ meɪ bi ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ ˈdɪfərənt ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz, ˈpipəl, ənd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ə ˈdeɪli ˈbeɪsɪs, ðə ˈrisərʧərz səˈʤɛst. bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ˈpipəl wɪθ haɪər ˈkɑgnɪtɪv əˈbɪləˌtiz ər ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈbɪziər. ðə ˈstədi ˈkænɑt dɪˈfɪnɪtɪvli dɪˈtərmən ðət əˈloʊn ˈkɔzɪz ˈbɛtər breɪn hɛlθ. ənd wət əˈbaʊt ðə strɛs ðət kən kəm frəm meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ə taɪt ˈskɛʤʊl? ˈsərtənli kənˈsɪdərd ðət biɪŋ ˈvɛri ˈbɪzi kʊd hərt cognition,”*,” sɪz ˈstədi ˈɔθər dɪˈnis pɑrk, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈrisərʧ æt ðə ˈsɛnər fər ˈvaɪtəl lɔnˈʤɛvəti æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtɛksəs æt ˈdæləs. ““basically*, ðə ˈdætə səˈʤɛst ðət ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈaʊtˌweɪ ðə downside.”*.” pɑrk sɪz hər tim plænz tɪ ˈfərðər ˈstədi ðə ˈifɛkts əv ɔn ðə breɪn tɪ ˈhoʊpfəli ˈfərðər ənˈtæŋgəl ðə ˈfæktərz ðət ˌɪmˈpruv ər ˈhæmpər kɑgˈnɪʃən ˈleɪtər ɪn laɪf.

© sebastian kaulitzki/hemera/getty images undefined keeping a busy schedule may benefit the brain one of the best ways to keep your one of the best ways to keep your brain sharp as you get older may be to stay busy, according to new research. while scientists have previously recommended engaging in mentally challenging activities , a new study suggests that keeping a packed schedule may offer similar benefits. in a survey of over 300 people participating in the dallas lifespan brain study, study authors found that among adults over the age of 50, having a busy schedule was associated with better brain processing, improved memory, sharper reasoning and better vocabulary. people in the study ranged from 50 to 89 years old, and the positive effect of busyness on the brain was consistent across age. this, the study authors conclude, suggests that keeping a busy lifestyle is important in middle age as well as old age. it’s possible that staying busy increases people’s ability to learn new things, as they may be exposed to different situations, people, and information on a daily basis, the researchers suggest. but also possible that people with higher cognitive abilities are also more likely to be busier. the study cannot definitively determine that busyness alone causes better brain health. and what about the stress that can come from maintaining a tight schedule? “we certainly considered that being very busy could hurt cognition,” says study author denise park, director of research at the center for vital longevity at the university of texas at dallas. “basically, the data suggest that the benefits of busyness outweigh the downside.” park says her team plans to further study the effects of busyness on the brain to hopefully further untangle the factors that improve or hamper cognition later in life.

ðə ˈsɪti əv ˈsæskəˌtun wɪl ˈlaɪkli nid tɪ ʃɛl aʊt æt list ˈmɪljən mɔr ðən ɪt dɪd læst jɪr tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈsɪvɪk ˈsərvɪsɪz ə muv ðət wʊd lɛd tɪ ə ˈprɑpərti tæks ˌɪnˈkris əv ˈrəfli fɔr pər sɛnt. ædˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtərz ʃɛrd ə 2017 ˈbəʤɪt ˈəpˌdeɪt wɪθ ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl æt ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈmitɪŋ ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈəpˌdeɪt, wɪʧ ɪz ə prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðət dɪz nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ˈɛkstrə kɔsts ðə ˈsɪti wɪl ˌɪnˈkər nɛkst jɪr bɪˈkəz əv groʊθ, ðə ˈsɪti wɪl brɪŋ ɪn 10 ˈmɪljən mɔr ɪn 2017 kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 2016 bət wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ nid tɪ spɛnd ˈmɪljən mɔr. ðət wʊd bi ə pər sɛnt ˈprɑpərti tæks ˌɪnˈkris. ðə ˈrɛvəˌnu ˌɪnˈkris ɪz nɑt ɛz haɪ ɛz ɪt həz bɪn ɪn ðə pæst bɪˈkəz ˈgɪtɪŋ lɛs ˈməni frəm ðə prəˈvɪnʃəl ˈgəvərnmənt ðən ɪt dɪd læst jɪr ənd bɪˈkəz fjuər nu ˈhaʊsɪz ənd ˈbɪznɪsɪz wər bɪlt læst jɪr ðən ɪn ˈpriviəs jɪrz. səm ˈɛvədəns ðɛr ðət ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk sˈloʊˌdaʊn ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ kriˈeɪt səm fˈjuʧər ˈʧælənʤɪz fər fˈjuʧər ˈkaʊnsɪlz ənd goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ bi ɛz ˈθɔtfəl ənd ɛz kriˈeɪtɪv ɛz wi kən ɪn tərmz əv ˈmænəʤɪŋ fˈjuʧər kɔsts ənd fˈjuʧər revenues,”*,” ənd meɪərəl ˈkænədɪt ˈʧɑrli klɑrk sɛd. nu ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌskərts əv ðə ˈsɪti ər nɑt peɪɪŋ fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd klɑrk sɛd bɪt frustrated”*” ðə ˈsɪti ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ tɪ meɪk ðət wərk. hi sɛd ˈsɪtɪzənz ənd meɪ nɑt ˌəndərˈstænd ðə tru ˈbəʤɪˌtɛri ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz əv ˈbɪldɪŋ nu ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ənd ðət ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd ˈɛriəz ɪz ə tru ənd ˈtɛstɪd weɪ tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ˈrɛvəˌnuz ˈfæstər ðən ˌɪnˈkərɪŋ kɔsts. meɪərəl ˈkænədɪt ˈkɛli mʊr, hu əˈtɛndəd ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmitɪŋ, sɛd ðə ˈsɪti həz ““overextended”*” ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ nu ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ɪn ðə ˈsəbərbz. bɪˈliv wi hæv ˈstɑrtɪd ðət dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪf wi peɪ fər ɪt ɪn ðə fərst place,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ɪf ɪˈlɛktɪd, ʃi wʊd ˈædvəˌkeɪt ðət noʊ əˈdɪʃənəl səˈbərbən ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz bi dɪˈvɛləpt, ʃi ˈædɪd. si ˈjuˈɛs ˈnidɪŋ ˈɛni mɔr bɪg ˈlɛgəsi ˈprɑʤɛkts ər ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ aʊt æt ðɪs taɪm. wi noʊ ðət nɑt peɪɪŋ fər ˌɪtˈsɛlf ənd goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə ˈbərdən ɔn ɑr taxpayers,”*,” mʊr sɛd. hæv tɪ gɪt ðə ˈbeɪsɪks raɪt ˌbiˈfɔr wi stɑrt ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ aʊt æt ðɪs taɪm ˈɛni further.”*.” ˌɪnˈkəmbənt meɪər dɑn ˈæʧɪsən sɛd ðə dəˈbeɪt əˈbaʊt groʊθ ““amazed”*” ɪm. ɪf ðɛr hæd bɪn mɔr groʊθ ɪn ðə ˈsɪti, ðɛr wʊd bi mɔr ˈrɛvəˌnu ənd ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈprɑpərti tæks ˌɪnˈkris wʊd bi loʊər, hi sɛd. ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ hæv ən əˈpɪnjən ɔn ðə ˈbəʤɪt æt ðɪs pɔɪnt bɪˈkəz nɑt ɔl ðə ˈnəmbərz ər ðɛr, ˈæʧɪsən sɛd. ˈnoʊtəbli, ðə pəˈlis ˈbəʤɪt wɑz nɑt ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈəpˌdeɪt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi sɛd hi wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz straɪv fər ðə loʊəst ˈprɑpərti tæks ˌɪnˈkris ˈpɑsəbəl. meɪərəl ˈkænədɪt ˈhɛnri wɑz nɑt ˈprɛzənt æt ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmitɪŋ. ðə ˈpəblɪk wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli nɑt ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ hæv ə pik æt ðə prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈbəʤɪt ənˈtɪl ˈæftər ðə ɔkt. 26 mjuˈnɪsəpəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, bət klɑrk ənd mʊr kɔld fər ɪt tɪ bi riˈlist ˌbiˈfɔr ˈrɛzɪdənts hɛd tɪ ðə poʊlz. ðeɪ ˈɑrgjud ɪt wɑz trænˈspɛrənt fər ˈrɛzɪdənts tɪ noʊ əˈbaʊt ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈprɑpərti tæks ˌɪnˈkris ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ voʊt. ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈbəʤɪt ənd əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd ˈprɑpərti tæks ˌɪnˈkris wɪl bi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd baɪ ə nu ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər. ə pər sɛnt ˈprɑpərti tæks haɪk wʊd bi ðə loʊəst ˌɪnˈkris sɪns 2010 wɪn ɪt wɑz pər sɛnt. læst ˌɪnˈkris wɑz pər sɛnt.

the city of saskatoon will likely need to shell out at least $7.9 million more than it did last year to provide civic services — a move that would lead to a property tax increase of roughly four per cent. administrators shared a 2017 budget update with city council at a special meeting monday morning. according to the update, which is a preliminary estimate that does not include extra costs the city will incur next year because of growth, the city will bring in $10 million more in 2017 compared to 2016, but will also need to spend $17.9 million more. that would be a 3.89 per cent property tax increase. the city’s revenue increase is not as high as it has been in the past because it’s getting less money from the provincial government than it did last year and because fewer new houses and businesses were built last year than in previous years. “there’s some evidence there that the economic slowdown is going to create some future challenges for future councils and it’s going to be very important to be as thoughtful and as creative as we can in terms of managing future costs and future revenues,” councillor and mayoral candidate charlie clark said. new neighbourhoods on the outskirts of the city are not paying for themselves and clark said he’s “a bit frustrated” the city can’t figure out how to make that work. he said citizens and councillors may not understand the true budgetary implications of building new neighbourhoods and that building in populated areas is a true and tested way to generate revenues faster than incurring costs. mayoral candidate kelley moore, who attended monday’s council meeting, said the city has “overextended” itself in building new neighbourhoods in the suburbs. “i believe we shouldn’t have started that development if we couldn’t pay for it in the first place,” she said. if elected, she would advocate that no additional suburban neighbourhoods be developed, she added. “i see us needing any more big legacy projects or extending out at this time. we know that that’s not paying for itself and it’s going to be a burden on our taxpayers,” moore said. “they have to get the basics right before we start extending out at this time any further.” incumbent mayor don atchison said the debate about growth “amazed” him. if there had been more growth in the city, there would be more revenue and the proposed property tax increase would be lower, he said. it’s difficult to have an opinion on the budget at this point because not all the numbers are there, atchison said. notably, the police budget was not included in the preliminary update. however, he said he will always strive for the lowest property tax increase possible. mayoral candidate henry dayday was not present at the council meeting. the public was initially not scheduled to have a peek at the preliminary budget until after the oct. 26 municipal election, but clark and moore called for it to be released before residents head to the polls. they argued it was transparent for residents to know about a potential property tax increase before they vote. the final budget and associated property tax increase will be decided by a new city council in december. a 3.89 per cent property tax hike would be the lowest increase since 2010, when it was 3.86 per cent. last increase was 3.96 per cent. ahill@postmedia.com twitter.com/msandreahill

baɪ ðə taɪm ðeɪ ˈɛnər ˈkɪndərˌgɑrtən, 1 aʊt əv 4 ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən bɔɪz ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ ˈnɛvər bi səkˈsɛsfəl, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ læst ˈfaɪndɪŋz baɪ ðə əˈsɛmbli. ɪn rɪˈspɑns, skulz ənd ˈvɛriəs ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ɪn ˈoʊklənd ər ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ðɛr ˈɛnərʤiz tɪ rɪˈvərs ðə ˈfɔrʧənz əv jəŋ blæk bɔɪz ənd mɛn ɪn ðə steɪt. si ˈɔlsoʊ: ˈprɛzɪdənt əˈnaʊnsɪz nu kəˈnɛktɪd ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ˈnuˌzaʊr ɛrd ə ˈspɛʃəl rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈɛfərts əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈprɑʤɛkt grup, wɪʧ ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ rɪˈvərs ðə trɛnd əv haɪ skul ˈdrɑˌpaʊts. ɛz hoʊst gwɛn ˌaɪˈfil ˈoʊpənd ðə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt, ðə klɪp kˈwɪkli ˈoʊpənd wɪθ, hu ˈtiʧɪz ðə ˈmænˌhʊd dɪˈvɛləpmənt klæs æt ˈskaɪˌlaɪn haɪ skul. ɪz wən əv ə ˈdəzən ˈtiʧərz ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ hɛlp ðə bɔɪz ˈgræʤəˌweɪt. traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk transformations,”*,” ʃɛrz. lɔt əv ɑr ˈbrəðərz ər ˈfeɪlɪŋ ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənətli. laɪk, ɪf wi lʊk æt ðə stəˈtɪstɪks ɪn ˈoʊklənd, ðə haɪəst ɪn ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ wi nid tɪ bi in.”*.” ðɪs ˈsoʊbərɪŋ fækt wɑz bækt əp baɪ ˈwɪljəmz, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə ˈərbən ˈstrætəʤiz ˈkaʊnsəl. wɪl si haɪər reɪts əv ˈdrɑˌpaʊt, loʊər reɪts əv ˌgræʤəˈweɪʃən, haɪər reɪts əv ˈkrɑnɪk ˈæbsəns, haɪər reɪts əv suspension,”*,” sɛd ˈwɪljəmz. williams’*’ grup ʤɔɪnd ˈfɔrsɪz wɪθ ðə ˈoʊklənd skul ˈdɪstrɪkt, wɪʧ ˈleɪtər spɔnd ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən meɪl əˈʧivmənt. əv ðə ˈstrætəʤiz wɪθ ɑr ˈklæsɪz ənd ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ aɪ ˈlɛvəl wɪθ ðə juθ ɪz, haʊ du wi pʊt kaɪnd əv ðə bæk ɪn ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ɪn learning,”*,” sɛd krɪs ˈʧætmən, ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən meɪl əˈʧivmənt ˈsiˌiˈoʊ. wɔʧ ˌsɛgˈmɛnt ɔn skul ɪkˈspɪriəns fər ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən boys”*” hir: ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhɛvi ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈjəŋgər bɔɪz tɪ əˈvərt ðə ˈdrɑˌpaʊt ˈkraɪsəs. ðə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt swɪʧt gɪrz ənd ˈproʊˌfaɪld ə ˈʧɑrtər skul nɑt fɑr frəm ˈskaɪˌlaɪn haɪ. ðə 100 blæk mɛn əv ðə beɪ ˈɛriə kəmˈjunɪti 75 ɛnˈroʊld ˈstudənts ər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl ˈæfrɪkɑn əˈmɛrɪkən. ˈdɑktər. mɑrk ˌælɪgˈzændər, bɔrd ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə skul, spoʊk əˈbaʊt hɪz dɪˈvoʊʃən tɪ ðə ˈmɪʃən. gru əp ɪn ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri təf ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. aɪ juzd tɪ faɪt ə lot,”*,” sɛd ˌælɪgˈzændər. juzd tɪ gɪt səˈspɛndɪd. ənd soʊ aɪ si ə lɔt əv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪn ðiz bɔɪz. ənd aɪ si ðə ˈʤinjəs ɪn ə lɔt əv ðiz kɪdz. aɪ noʊ ðət ɪt ˈoʊnli teɪks ə fju ˈpipəl tɪ ʤɪst gɪv ˈsəmˌwən ðə ɛnˈkərɪʤmənt ðət ðeɪ nid tɪ ˈrɪli thrive.”*.” ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən meɪl əˈʧivmənt sɛd ðət waɪl geɪnz hæv bɪn meɪd ɪn ˈoʊklənd ənd əˈkrɔs ðə steɪt, ðɛr ər ˈfərðər ˈɑbstəkəlz tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm əˈhɛd. lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈprɑʤɛkt hir. si ˈɔlsoʊ: tæsk fɔrs ˌrɛkəˈmɛndz ɔl blæk meɪl skul ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn nuz wən:

by the time they enter kindergarten, 1 out of 4 african-american boys in california expect to never be successful, according to last year’s findings by the state’s assembly. in response, schools and various organizations in oakland are focusing their energies to reverse the fortunes of young black boys and men in the state. see also: president announces new connected digital education initiative pbs newshour aired a special report on tuesday focusing on the efforts of american graduate project group, which is working to reverse the trend of high school dropouts. as host gwen ifill opened the segment, the clip quickly opened with sizwe abakah, who teaches the manhood development class at oakland’s skyline high school. abakah is one of a dozen teachers working to help the boys graduate. “we’re trying to make transformations,” shares abakah. “a lot of our brothers are failing disproportionately. like, if we look at the statistics in oakland, we’re the highest in everything we don’t need to be in.” this sobering fact was backed up by junious williams, ceo of the urban strategies council. “you will see higher rates of dropout, lower rates of graduation, higher rates of chronic absence, higher rates of suspension,” said williams. williams’ group joined forces with the oakland school district, which later spawned the office of african-american male achievement. “one of the strategies with our manhood-development classes and just getting eye level with the youth is, how do we put kind of the swag back in education, in learning,” said chris chatmon, the office of african-american male achievement ceo. watch pbsnewshour’s segment on “transforming school experience for african-american boys” here: there is also heavy emphasis on working with the younger boys to avert the dropout crisis. the segment switched gears and profiled a charter school not far from skyline high. the 100 black men of the bay area community school’s 75 enrolled students are almost all african american. dr. mark alexander, board chairman of the school, spoke about his devotion to the mission. “i grew up in very, very tough situations. i used to fight a lot,” said alexander. “i used to get suspended. and so i see a lot of myself in these boys. and i see the genius in a lot of these kids. i know that it only takes a few people to just give someone the encouragement that they need to really thrive.” the office of african-american male achievement said that while gains have been made in oakland and across the state, there are further obstacles to overcome ahead. learn more about the american graduate project here. see also: task force recommends all black male school also on news one:

ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈmɑdəlz məst naʊ prəˈvaɪd ə ˈdɑktərz noʊt wɪn əˈplaɪɪŋ fər ʤɑbz frɛnʧ hæv əˈdɑptəd ə bɪl eɪmd æt ˈbænɪŋ ðə juz əv ˈfæʃən ˈmɑdəlz dimd tɪ bi "ɪkˈsɛsɪvli θɪn". ˈmɑdəlz wɪl nid ə ˈdɑktərz sərˈtɪfɪkət ðət ðɛr hɛlθ ɪz "kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ ðə ˈpræktɪs əv ðə prəˈfɛʃən". ɪmˈplɔɪərz hu breɪk ðə lɔ kʊd feɪs əp tɪ sɪks mənθs ɪn ʤeɪl ənd ə faɪn ə ˈpriviəs ˈvərʒən əv ðə bɪl hæd səˈʤɛstɪd ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈbɑdi mæs ˈɪndɛks (bmi*) fər ˈmɑdəlz, ˈprɑmptɪŋ ˈproʊˌtɛsts frəm ˈeɪʤənsiz ɪn fræns. bət ðə ˈfaɪnəl dræft əˈpruvd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ əˈlaʊz ˈdɑktərz tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ˈwɛðər ə ˈmɑdəl ɪz tu θɪn baɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ðɛr weɪt, eɪʤ, ənd ˈbɑdi ʃeɪp. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ sɪz ðət ˈdɪʤətəli ˈɔltərd ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈmɑdəlz ˌsɪləˈwɛt "ˈnɛroʊər ər ˈwaɪdər" ʃʊd bi ˈleɪbəld "təʧt əp". fræns ɪz nɑt ðə fərst ˈkəntri tɪ ˈlɛʤɪsˌleɪt ɔn ˈəndərˌweɪt ˈmɑdəlz ˈɪtəli, speɪn ənd ˈɪzriəl hæv ɔl dən soʊ. ˌænərˈɛksiə əˈfɛkts bɪtˈwin tɪ ˈpipəl ɪn fræns, 90 əv hum ər ˈwɪmən.

image copyright getty images image caption models must now provide a doctor's note when applying for jobs french mps have adopted a bill aimed at banning the use of fashion models deemed to be "excessively thin". models will need a doctor's certificate that their health is "compatible with the practise of the profession". employers who break the law could face up to six months in jail and a €75,000 fine (£54,000, $81,000). a previous version of the bill had suggested a minimum body mass index (bmi) for models, prompting protests from modelling agencies in france. but the final draft approved on thursday allows doctors to decide whether a model is too thin by taking into account their weight, age, and body shape. it also says that digitally altered images making a model's silhouette "narrower or wider" should be labelled "touched up". france is not the first country to legislate on underweight models - italy, spain and israel have all done so. anorexia affects between 30,000 to 40,000 people in france, 90% of whom are women.

ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈkɑrltən weɪənd (sɛpˈtɛmbər 15 1916 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 10 wɑz ə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi. weɪənd wɑz ðə læst kəˈmændər əv juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ðə viˌɛtˈnɑm wɔr frəm 1972 tɪ 1973 ənd sərvd ɛz ðə ʧif əv stæf əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi frəm 1974 tɪ ˈərli laɪf ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈɛdət weɪənd wɑz bɔrn ɪn ˈɑrbəkəl, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 15 1916 hi wɑz kəˈmɪʃənd ə ˈsɛkənd luˈtɛnənt ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi θru ðə rɪˈzərv ˈɔfɪsərz ˈtreɪnɪŋ kɔrz ˈproʊˌgræm æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə æt ˈbərkli, wɛr hi ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd ɪn meɪ 1938 hi ˈmɛrid ˈɑˌrlaɪn ɪn 1940 ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kərɪr ˈɛdət luˈtɛnənt ˈʤɛnərəl weɪənd ɛz kəˈmændər əv fild fɔrs ɪn viˌɛtˈnɑm 1975 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ˈʤɛnərəl frɛd si. weɪənd wərld wɔr, ˌkɔˈriən wɔr ənd ˈɛdət frəm 1940 tɪ 1942 weɪənd wɑz əˈsaɪnd tɪ ˈæktɪv ˈduti ənd sərvd wɪθ ðə fild ɑrˈtɪləri. hi ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd frəm ðə kəˈmænd ənd ˈʤɛnərəl stæf ˈkɑlɪʤ æt fɔrt ˈlɛvənˌwərθ ɪn 1942 ənd sərvd ɛz ˈæʤətənt əv ðə ˈhɑrbər dɪˈfɛns kəˈmænd ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ frəm 1942 tɪ 1943 hi muvd ɔn tɪ ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə ʧif əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns fər ðə ˈjuˈɛs wɔr dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈʤɛnərəl stæf ɪn 1944 hi bɪˈkeɪm əˈsɪstənt ʧif əv stæf fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɪn ðə ˈθieɪtər frəm 1944 tɪ 1945 ɪn ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈæftərˌmæθ əv ðə wɔr hi wɑz ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsərvɪs ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. frəm 1945 tɪ 1946 weɪənd wɑz ʧif əv stæf fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi ˈfɔrsɪz, ˈmɪdəl pəˈsɪfɪk frəm 1946 tɪ 1949 hi ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd frəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi ˈɪnfəntri skul æt fɔrt ˈbɛnɪŋ ɪn 1950 hi bɪˈkeɪm kəˈmændər əv ðə bəˈtæljən, ˈɪnfəntri ˈrɛʤəmənt ənd ðə əˈsɪstənt ʧif əv stæf, əv ðə ˈɪnfəntri dɪˈvɪʒən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌkɔˈriən wɔr frəm 1950 tɪ 1951 weɪənd sərvd ɔn ðə ˈfækəlti əv ðə ˈɪnfəntri skul frəm 1952 tɪ 1953 ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðɪs əˈsaɪnmənt hi əˈtɛndəd ðə ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz stæf ˈkɑlɪʤ, ənd əˈpɑn ˌgræʤəˈweɪʃən bɪˈkeɪm ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈsɪstənt ɪn ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə əˈsɪstənt ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ðə ˈɑrmi fər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmænɪʤmənt ənˈtɪl 1954 hi muvd ɔn tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈsɪstənt ənd ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv tɪ ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ðə ˈɑrmi frəm 1954 tɪ 1957 hi ðɛn ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd frəm ðə ˈɑrmi wɔr ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn 1958 ˈmuvɪŋ ɔn tɪ kəˈmænd ðə bəˈtæljən, ˈɪnfəntri ˈrɛʤəmənt, ɪn ˈjʊrəp hi sərvd ɪn ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kəˈmændər ɪn bərˈlɪn ɪn 1960 ðɛn bɪˈkeɪm ʧif əv stæf fər ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz zoʊn, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi, ˈjʊrəp frəm 1960 tɪ 1961 hi wɑz ðə ˈdɛpjəti ʧif ənd ʧif əv ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv liˈeɪˌzɑn fər ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ðə ˈɑrmi frəm 1961 tɪ 1964 viˌɛtˈnɑm wɔr ˈɛdət weɪənd bɪˈkeɪm kəˈmændər əv ðə ˈɪnfəntri dɪˈvɪʒən, ˈsteɪʃənd ɪn həˈwaɪˌi, ɪn 1964 hi kənˈtɪnjud tɪ lɛd ðə dɪˈvɪʒən ɛz ɪt wɑz ˌɪntrəˈdust ˈɪntu ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn viˌɛtˈnɑm ɪn 1965 ənd 1966 hi sərvd ɛz ðə hɛd əv ðə dɪˈvɪʒən ənˈtɪl 1967 wɪn hi bɪˈkeɪm ˈdɛpjəti, ðɛn ˈæktɪŋ kəˈmændər, ənd ˈfaɪnəli kəˈmændər əv fild fɔrs, viˌɛtˈnɑm riˈspɑnsəbəl fər kɔrz ˈtæktɪkəl zoʊn kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ ðə 11 ˈprɑvənsəz əraʊnd ˌsaɪˈgɑn. ɪn 1968 hi bɪˈkeɪm ʧif əv ðə ˈɔfəs əv rɪˈzərv kəmˈpoʊnənts. ə dɪˈsɛntər frəm ˈʤɛnərəl ˈwɪljəm mɔr kənˈvɛnʃənəl wɔr ˈstrætəʤi, ɪkˈspɪriəns ɛz ə ˈfɔrmər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈɔfɪsər geɪv ɪm ə sɛns əv ðə ˈɛnəmiz ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz. hi ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət "ðə ki tɪ səkˈsɛs ɪn viˌɛtˈnɑm wɑz ɪn sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ ənd ðə taʊnz ənd ˈvɪlɪʤɪz əv saʊθ viˌɛtˈnɑm" (mɑrk ˈsɔltər, ʤɑn məˈkeɪn "hɑrd kɔl: ðə ɑrt əv greɪt dɪˈsɪʒənz"). weɪənd ˈmænɪʤd tɪ kənˈvɪns ə rɪˈləktənt ˈʤɛnərəl wɛstˈmɔrlənd tɪ əˈlaʊ ɪm tɪ ˌridɪˈplɔɪ trups əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˌkæmˈboʊdiən ˈbɔrdər ˈɛriə ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˌsaɪˈgɑn, sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ tɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə 1968 tɛt əˈfɛnsɪv ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kəˈtæstrəfi fər nɔrθ viˌɛtˈnɑm. 3 ɪn 1969 weɪənd wɑz neɪmd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ædˈvaɪzər tɪ æmˈbæsədər ˈhɛnri ˈkæbət lɑʤ, jr*. æt ðə ˈpɛrɪs pis tɔks. ɪn 1970 hi bɪˈkeɪm əˈsɪstənt ʧif əv stæf fər fɔrs dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ˈleɪtər ɪn 1970 hi bɪˈkeɪm ˈdɛpjəti kəˈmændər əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈsɪstəns kəˈmænd, viˌɛtˈnɑm (macv*). 22 mɑrʧ 1969 ˈfrɛdərɪk weɪənd stɑps ɪn saʊθ viˌɛtˈnɑm fər ˈəpˌdeɪt ˈbrifɪŋz æt sfg(a*) ɪn træŋ. weɪənd səkˈsidɪd ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkreɪtən ˈeɪbrəmz, hu wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd ɛz ˈɑrmi ʧif əv stæf, ɛz kəˈmændər əv ɔn ʤun 30 1972 baɪ ðə ɛnd əv 1972 ˈʤɛnərəl weɪənd hæd ˈoʊvərˌsin ðə wɪθˈdrɔəl əv ɔl juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈfɔrsɪz frəm saʊθ viˌɛtˈnɑm. ɪn mɑrʧ 1973 weɪənd wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɔrdər əv viˌɛtˈnɑm, fərst klæs ənd ðə viˌɛtnɑˈmis ˈgæləntri ˈsinjər kəˈmændz ənd ʧif əv stæf ˈɛdət weɪənd sərvd ɛz kəˈmændər ɪn ʧif əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi pəˈsɪfɪk ɪn 1973 ənd wɑz vaɪs ʧif əv stæf əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi frəm 1973 tɪ 1974 weɪənd wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd ɛz ʧif əv stæf əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi frəm ɑkˈtoʊbər 3 1974 tɪ sɛpˈtɛmbər 30 1976 ɛz ʧif əv stæf hi ˈsupərˌvaɪzd ˈɑrmi muvz tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðə trup ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ, tɪ əˈʧiv ə fɔrs, tɪ ɛnˈhæns ðə ˈifɛktɪvnəs əv ˈjunɪts, ənd tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˌpərsəˈnɛl ənd ləˈʤɪstɪkəl ˈrɛdinəs. weɪənd rɪˈtaɪrd frəm ˈæktɪv ˈsərvɪs ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 1976 ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl sɔrs fər 1967 nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈɛdət ɪn ən ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl ɪn ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 11 2006 ˈməri, ə rɪˈpɔrtər fər ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə viˌɛtˈnɑm wɔr, ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ˈʤɛnərəl weɪənd hæd əˈgrid tɪ rɪˈvil hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ðə ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl sɔrs fər nu jɔrk taɪmz rɪˈpɔrtər r.w*. ˈæpəl, ˈɔgəst 7 1967 ˈstɔri "viˌɛtˈnɑm: ðə saɪnz əv ˈʤɛnərəl weɪənd, ðɛn kəˈmændər əv kɔrz ɪn viˌɛtˈnɑm, wɑz ðə ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈɔfɪsər hu toʊld ˈæpəl ənd (rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈstɔri fər ˈsiˌbiˌɛs) ðət: aɪv dɪˈstrɔɪd ə ˈsɪŋgəl dɪˈvɪʒən θri taɪmz aɪv ʧeɪst ˈjunɪts ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəntri ənd ðə ˌɪmˈpækt wɑz zɪlʧ. ɪt mɛnt ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈpipəl. ənˈlɛs ə mɔr ˈpɑzətɪv ənd mɔr stərɪŋ θim ðən ˈsɪmpəl kən bi faʊnd, ðə wɔr əˈpɪrz ˈlaɪkli tɪ goʊ ɔn ənˈtɪl ˈsəmˌwən gɪts taɪərd ənd kwɪts, wɪʧ kʊd teɪk ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz. ðə ˈstɔri wɑz ðə fərst ˌɪntɪˈmeɪʃən ðət wɔr wɑz ˈriʧɪŋ ə ˈsteɪlˌmeɪt, ənd kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈsɛnəmənt əˈbaʊt ðə 7 əˈwɔrdz ənd ˌdɛkərˈeɪʃənz ˈɛdət hɪz əˈwɔrdz ənd ˌdɛkərˈeɪʃənz ˈpərsɪnəl laɪf ˈɛdət weɪənd (lɛft) ɪn 2005 ˈæftər rɪˈtaɪrɪŋ frəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi ɪn 1976 weɪənd muvd tɪ ˌhɑnəˈlulu, həˈwaɪˌi, wɪʧ wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə hoʊm əv ðə ˈɪnfəntri dɪˈvɪʒən. hi bɪˈkeɪm ˈæktɪv ɪn kəmˈjunɪti əˈfɛrz ənd hɛld ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈprɑmənənt ˈbɪznɪs pəˈzɪʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkɔrpərət ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ənd ˈsinjər vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv fərst həˈwaɪən bæŋk bɪtˈwin 1976 ənd 1982 hi wɑz ən ˈæktɪv ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈroʊtəri kləb əv ˌhɑnəˈlulu ənd ə ˌtrəˈsti əv ðə ˈsæmjul ɛm. ˈdeɪmən ɛˈsteɪt, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə əˈmɛrɪkən rɛd krɔs həˈwaɪˌi ˈʧæptər, wɛr hi sərvd ɛz ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə bɔrd ɪn 1992 ənd dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˌhɑnəˈlulu ˈsɪmfəni. hi wɑz ˈæktɪv ɪn ðə ˈsoʊni ˈoʊpən gɔlf ˈtʊrnəmənt, ʃˈraɪnərz kləb, ðə ˈsɛnər, ðə ˈsɛnər fər sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈstədiz, ənd ðə həˈwaɪˌi ˈθiətər. weɪənd wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə viˌɛtˈnɑm ˈvɛtərənz ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˈproʊˌgræm ənd ə ˈmɛmbər əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd ˈvɛtərən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz, səʧ ɛz ðə əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi, ðə ɛr fɔrs əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɔfɪsərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv əˈmɛrɪkə, ðə ˈɪnfəntri dɪˈvɪʒən əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ðə goʊ fər broʊk əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˈɪnfəntri bəˈtæljən, ˈɪnfəntri ˈrɛʤəmənt), ðə ˈɪnfəntri dɪˈvɪʒən əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ənd ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd ˈɪnfəntri ˈrɛʤəmənt əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. ˈæftər hɪz fərst waɪf daɪd ɪn 2001 weɪənd ˈmɛrid ˈmɛri ˈfɑstər. hi daɪd ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 10 2010 əv ˈnæʧərəl ˈkɔzɪz æt ðə rɪˈtaɪərmənt ˈrɛzɪdəns ɪn ˌhɑnəˈlulu,

frederick carlton weyand (september 15, 1916 february 10, 2010)[1] was a general in the united states army. weyand was the last commander of united states military operations in the vietnam war from 1972 to 1973, and served as the 28th chief of staff of the united states army from 1974 to 1976.[2] early life and education [ edit ] weyand was born in arbuckle, california, on september 15, 1916. he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the united states army through the reserve officers training corps program at the university of california at berkeley, where he graduated in may 1938. he married arline langhart in 1940. military career [ edit ] lieutenant general weyand as commander of ii field force in vietnam 1975 photo of general fred c. weyand world war ii, korean war and interbellum [ edit ] from 1940 to 1942, weyand was assigned to active duty and served with the 6th field artillery. he graduated from the command and general staff college at fort leavenworth in 1942 and served as adjutant of the harbor defense command in san francisco from 1942 to 1943. he moved on to the office of the chief of intelligence for the us war department general staff in 1944. he became assistant chief of staff for intelligence in the china-burma-india theater from 1944 to 1945. in the immediate aftermath of the war he was in the military intelligence service in washington, d.c. from 1945 to 1946. weyand was chief of staff for intelligence, united states army forces, middle pacific from 1946 to 1949. he graduated from the united states army infantry school at fort benning in 1950. he became commander of the 1st battalion, 7th infantry regiment and the assistant chief of staff, g–3, of the 3d infantry division during the korean war from 1950 to 1951. weyand served on the faculty of the infantry school from 1952 to 1953. following this assignment he attended the armed forces staff college, and upon graduation became military assistant in the office of the assistant secretary of the army for financial management until 1954. he moved on to become military assistant and executive to the secretary of the army from 1954 to 1957. he then graduated from the army war college in 1958, moving on to command the 3d battalion, 6th infantry regiment, in europe (1958–1959). he served in the office of the united states commander in berlin in 1960 then became chief of staff for the communications zone, united states army, europe from 1960 to 1961. he was the deputy chief and chief of legislative liaison for the department of the army from 1961 to 1964. vietnam war [ edit ] weyand became commander of the 25th infantry division, stationed in hawaii, in 1964. he continued to lead the division as it was introduced into operations in vietnam in 1965 and 1966. he served as the head of the 25th division until 1967, when he became deputy, then acting commander, and finally commander of ii field force, vietnam responsible for iii corps tactical zone comprising the 11 provinces around saigon. in 1968, he became chief of the office of reserve components. a dissenter from general william westmoreland's more conventional war strategy, weyand's experience as a former intelligence officer gave him a sense of the enemy's intentions. he realized that "the key to success in vietnam was in securing and pacifying the towns and villages of south vietnam" (mark salter, john mccain "hard call: the art of great decisions"). weyand managed to convince a reluctant general westmoreland to allow him to redeploy troops away from the cambodian border area closer to saigon, significantly contributing to making the 1968 tet offensive a military catastrophe for north vietnam. [3] in 1969, weyand was named the military advisor to ambassador henry cabot lodge, jr. at the paris peace talks. in 1970 he became assistant chief of staff for force development. later in 1970, he became deputy commander of military assistance command, vietnam (macv). 22 march 1969, ltg frederick weyand stops in south vietnam for update briefings at hq 5th sfg(a) in nha trang. weyand succeeded general creighton abrams, who was appointed as army chief of staff, as commander of macv on june 30, 1972. by the end of 1972 general weyand had overseen the withdrawal of all united states military forces from south vietnam. in march 1973, weyand was awarded the national order of vietnam, first class and the vietnamese gallantry cross.[4] senior commands and chief of staff [ edit ] weyand served as commander in chief of the united states army pacific in 1973 and was vice chief of staff of the united states army from 1973 to 1974. weyand was appointed as chief of staff of the united states army from october 3, 1974 to september 30, 1976. as chief of staff he supervised army moves to improve the combat-to-support troop ratio, to achieve a sixteen-division force, to enhance the effectiveness of roundout units, and to improve personnel and logistical readiness. weyand retired from active service in october 1976. confidential source for 1967 new york times article [ edit ] in an editorial in the new york times on december 11, 2006, murray fromson, a reporter for cbs during the vietnam war, stated that general weyand had agreed to reveal himself as the confidential source for new york times reporter r.w. apple, jr.'s august 7, 1967 story "vietnam: the signs of stalemate."[5] general weyand, then commander of iii corps in vietnam, was the unidentified high-ranking officer who told apple and fromson (reporting the same story for cbs) that: i've destroyed a single division three times ... i've chased main-force units all over the country and the impact was zilch. it meant nothing to the people. unless a more positive and more stirring theme than simple anti-communism can be found, the war appears likely to go on until someone gets tired and quits, which could take generations. the story was the first intimation that war was reaching a stalemate, and contributed to changing sentiment about the war.[6] [7] awards and decorations [ edit ] his awards and decorations include:[8] personal life [ edit ] weyand (left) in 2005 after retiring from the united states army in 1976, weyand moved to honolulu, hawaii, which was also the home of the 25th infantry division. he became active in hawai'i community affairs and held a number of prominent business positions, including corporate secretary and senior vice president of first hawaiian bank between 1976 and 1982. he was an active member of the rotary club of honolulu and a trustee of the now-dissolved samuel m. damon estate, as well as the american red cross hawaii chapter, where he served as chairman of the board in 1992 and director of the honolulu symphony. he was active in the sony open golf tournament, shriners club, the east-west center, the asia-pacific center for security studies, and the hawaii theatre. weyand was also a member of the vietnam veterans leadership program and a member of several military and veteran organizations, such as the association of the united states army, the air force association, the military officers association of america, the 25th infantry division association, the go for broke association (100th infantry battalion, 442nd infantry regiment), the 3rd infantry division association, and the associated 7th infantry regiment association. after his first wife died in 2001, weyand married mary foster. he died on february 10, 2010 of natural causes at the kahala nui retirement residence in honolulu, hawaii.[9]

ˌʤuˈlaɪ 7 2015 baɪ ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkɛnədi, ˈɔnˌlaɪn rɪˈpɔrtər æt ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈsɛntərz, ˈtɔɪlɪŋ əˈweɪ æt dəl, rɪˈpɛtɪtɪv ənd ˈɔfən ˈdeɪnʤərəs ʤɑbz, hæv ˈrizən tɪ bi ˈwərid. trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈwərkərz gɪt taɪərd. ðeɪ meɪk mɪˈsteɪks ənd stɛp aʊt fər smoʊk breɪks, drɔ ˈsæləriz, ˌrikˈwaɪər hɛlθ ˈbɛnəfɪts ənd dɪˈmænd ˈpɛnʃən ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz. nu ˈroʊˌbət (ˈleɪtər riˈneɪmd ˈɑˌtoʊ), ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, nid ən aʊər lənʧ, stæt ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ peɪ ər ˈjumən ˈrisɔrs ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃənz. toʊld] teɪk ðɪs ˈpeɪˌloʊd ənd muv ɪt hir, ənd ˈeɪbəl tɪ du ðət ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər again,”*,” ˈsaɪmən ˈdrɛkslər, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈɪnˌdɔr ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈsɪstəmz æt, sɛd. ˈnɛvər teɪks ə breɪk, ənd ɪt kən ˈnævəˌgeɪt ˌɪtˈsɛlf frəm ˈɛni ˈrændəm ˈɔrəʤən tɪ ˈɛni ˈrændəm ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən ˌɪnˈsaɪd əv ə building,”*,” hi ˈædɪd. ðə həz ə ˈkɪləˌgræm ˈpeɪˌloʊd kəˈpæsɪti ˈmɑrkɪdli mɔr ðən ɪts ˈneɪmˌseɪk ənd ɪz praɪˈmɛrəli dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˌɔˈtɑnoʊməsli muv ˈpæləts əraʊnd ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ plænts. ɪt ˈfəŋkʃənz wɪˈθaʊt ən ˈɑpərˌeɪtər, rɪˈsivɪŋ ənd ˈkɛriɪŋ aʊt ˈɔrdərz ˈriˌleɪd baɪ ə ˈwɛˌrhaʊs kənˈtroʊl ˈsɪstəm ər ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ˈrisɔrs ˈplænər. ˌɔlˈðoʊ prɪˈdɪkts ɪts ˈroʊˌbəts wɪl wərk əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈjumənz ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðɛm, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni dɪz θɪŋk ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈsɛktər ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ ˌəndərˈgoʊ jɛt əˈnəðər ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən. ðə ɪz ʤɪst ðə nɛkst stɛp ɪn ðə goʊl əv ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪŋ səm əv ðə ˈdələst, ˈdərtiəst ənd ˈdɛdliəst ʤɑbz. ˈhɪstəri, ˈpipəl hæv tərnd tɪ tɛkˈnɑləʤi tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ɑr kˈwɑləti əv life,”*,” mæt ˈrɛndəl, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ənd sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. bɪˈliv ɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsərvɪs ˈroʊˌbəts tɪ meɪk ðə wərld ə ˈbɛtər place.”*.” ˈboʊlstərd baɪ ɪn ˈfəndɪŋ frəm ˈvɛnʧərz ənd ˈkæpɪtəl ðət wɑz doʊld aʊt ɪn ðə fɔl əv læst jɪr, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz kˈwɪkli ɪkˈspændɪd frəm ɪts kɔr ˈrisərʧ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈbɪznɪs ˈɪntu ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈsɛktər. ðə, wɪʧ ɪz ˈkərəntli ɪn ˈlɪmɪtɪd riˈlis, həz ə ˈziroʊ tərn ˈreɪdiəs, ə tɔp spid əv maɪəlz pər aʊər ənd pæks kwaɪt ə lɔt əv pənʧ fər ɪts saɪz. ðə nu ˈmɛʒərz ˈmitərz baɪ ˈmitərz, ənd stændz ʤɪst ˈmitərz ər sˈlaɪtli mɔr ðən ə fʊt ɔf ðə graʊnd. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈdrɛkslər kʊd nɑt dɪˈskloʊz ˈɛni spɪˈsɪfɪk seɪlz, hi sɛd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz əˈtræktəd ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈmeɪʤər əˈmɛrɪkən ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz. wɪθ ɪts ˌɪmˈpɛndɪŋ ˈfɔreɪ ˈɪntu ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈmɑrkɪt, həz meɪd trɪˈmɛndəs ˈprɑˌgrɛs sɪns ˈrɛndəl ənd θri ˈəðər ˈgræʤəˌweɪts frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɔtərˌlu ˈfaʊndɪd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn 2009 ərˈɪʤənəl ˈbɪznɪs plæn wɑz tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈroʊˌbəts wɪθ ʤəˈnɛrɪk ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ tɪ ˌækəˈdɛmɪks. ðɪs wʊd əˈlaʊ prəˈfɛsərz tɪ ˈfərðər ðɛr ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈrisərʧ wɪˈθaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ bɔgd daʊn dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ˈbeɪsɪk ˈhɑrdˌwɛr. ˈæftər ˈbɪldɪŋ ə strɔŋ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ənd ˈpʊtɪŋ blæk ənd ˈjɛloʊ ˈroʊˌbəts ɪn ˈrisərʧ læbz əraʊnd ðə wərld, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈɛnərd ˈɪntu ˈprɑʤɛkts wɪθ ˈɪndəstri pleɪərz ənd bɪˈgæn ˈbɪldɪŋ fər ə reɪnʤ əv ˈdɪfərənt ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ sərˈveɪləns ɪn ˈɛriəz ˈdeɪnʤərəs ər tɪ sɛnd ˈjumənz. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈrɛʤɪstərd ə ˈprɑfɪt ˈæftər ˈoʊnli 18 mənθs ɪn ˈbɪznɪs ənd həz bɪn ɪkˈspændɪŋ ˈɛvər sɪns. əˈməŋ ɪts ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd ˈviɪkəlz ɔˈrɛdi ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ər ðə ˈgrɪzli, ðə ˈkɪŋˌfɪʃər ənd ən ənˈmænd ˈɛriəl ˈviɪkəl noʊn ɛz ðə ˈhəmɪŋˌbərd. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz ˈoʊvər 500 ˈkəstəmərz ɪn 40 ˈkəntriz ənd hoʊps tɪ bɪld ɔn ðət səbˈstænʃəli wɪθ ðə fʊl riˈlis əv ðə ðɪs sɛpˈtɛmbər. wən θɪŋ ɪz ˈsərtən, wɪl hæv ə lɑrʤ ˈmɑrkɪt tɪ groʊ ˈɪntu. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni, ðə ˈɪndəstri, dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz ə ˈblɛndɪŋ təˈgɛðər əv məˈkænɪkəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ənd kənˈtroʊld ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ə ˈmɑrkɪt baɪ 2020 groʊθ ˈprɑspɛkts teɪk ɔf frəm ðɛr. ə 2013 məˈkɪnzi koʊ. rɪˈpɔrt ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈgloʊbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə ədˈvænst ˌroʊˈbɑtɪks ˈɪndəstri wʊd riʧ ˈɛniˌwɛr frəm tɪ ˈtrɪljən baɪ 2025 ðə ˈlɪmət fər ðɪs industry,”*,” ˈdrɛkslər sɛd. ˈfərmli bɪˈliv hir æt ðət raɪt ɔn ðə kəsp əv mæs əˈdɑpʃən əv əˈtɑnəmi ɪn ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl space…*… ənd ɪn ˈmɛni ˈspeɪsɪz əraʊnd ðə world.”*.” əˈmɪd plænz tɪ ˈfaɪnəˌlaɪz ðə riˈlis, ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlʊkɪŋ əˈhɛd tɪ ɪts nɛkst ˈvɛnʧər ɪn wɪʧ ɪt wɪl lʊk tɪ ˈɔtəˌmeɪt ˈivɪn mɔr ˈfæktəri ənd ˈwɛˌrhaʊs məˈʃinəri. ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈtækəl ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ˌɔˈtɑnoʊməsli trænˈspɔrtɪŋ məˈtɪriəl ju nid ə vərˈaɪəti əv fɔrm ˈfæktərz bɪˈkəz ə vərˈaɪəti əv payloads,”*,” ˈdrɛkslər sɛd. ˈsɪmpli pʊt, gʊdz ər nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈnitli əreɪnʤd ɔn ˈpæləts. tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ðɪs, trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪn ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl speɪs ɪmˈplɔɪ ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈviɪkəlz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔn ˈdɪfərənt ˈpeɪˌloʊdz. wɔnts tɪ ˈɔtəˌmeɪt ðɛm ɔl. ˈæftər ɪz kriˈeɪtɪŋ ən ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm əv ˈdraɪvərlɪs ˈviɪkəlz ðət ər ɔl ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈəndər wən ˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd kənˈtroʊl system,”*,” ˈdrɛkslər sɛd. ðət breɪn ənd ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪt ɔn ə fɔrk trək ər ə ər ən [ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd ˈgaɪdɪd ˈviɪkəl] ər ɑr ˈroʊˌbəts, ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪn between.”*.” ˈəltəmətli, wɔnts tɪ bɪld ə flit əv ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd ˈviɪkəlz kənˈtroʊld baɪ ə ˈwɛˌrhaʊs kənˈtroʊl ˈsɪstəmz ər ˈoʊvər ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt əv θɪŋz. dɪˈspaɪt ɪts ˈlɔfti goʊlz, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ ə ˈpræktɪkəl əˈproʊʧ tɪ ðə ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ˈpipəl tɪ teɪk ə lip frəm ˌwəˈtɛvər duɪŋ raɪt naʊ tɪ operation,”*,” ˈdrɛkslər sɛd. ˈvɛri ˈhæpi tɪ hɛlp ɑr ˈpɑrtnərz wɔk ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ rən, ənd teɪk ə ˈsɪŋgəl stɛp təˈwɔrd fʊl ɔtəˈmeɪʃən, ənd ðɛn ə ˈsɛkənd stɛp, ənd ə θərd stɛp, ənd ɛz ˈmɛni stɛps ɛz ɪt nidz tɪ bi ənˈtɪl fʊl automated.”*.”

july 7, 2015 by david kennedy, online reporter waterloo—workers at industrial centres, toiling away at dull, repetitive and often dangerous jobs, have reason to be worried. traditional workers get tired. they make mistakes and step out for smoke breaks, draw salaries, require health benefits and demand pension contributions. clearpath robotics’s new silverback robot (later renamed otto), on the other hand, doesn’t need an hour lunch, stat holiday pay or semi-annual human resource consultations. “[it’s told] take this payload and move it here, and it’s able to do that over and over and over again,” simon drexler, director of indoor industrial systems at clearpath, said. “it never takes a break, and it can navigate itself from any random origin to any random destination inside of a building,” he added. the silverback has a 1,500 kilogram payload capacity – markedly more than its namesake – and is primarily designed to autonomously move pallets around manufacturing plants. it functions without an operator, receiving and carrying out orders relayed by a warehouse control system or enterprise resource planner. although clearpath predicts its robots will work alongside humans as opposed to replace them, the company does think the industrial sector is about to undergo yet another technological transformation. the silverback is just the next step in the company’s goal of automating some of the world’s dullest, dirtiest and deadliest jobs. “throughout history, people have turned to technology to improve our quality of life,” matt rendall, clearpath ceo and co-founder said in a statement. “we believe in using service robots to make the world a better place.” bolstered by $14-million in funding from rre ventures and inovia capital that was doled out in the fall of last year, the company has quickly expanded from its core research and development business into the industrial sector. the silverback, which is currently in limited release, has a zero turn radius, a top speed of 4.47 miles per hour and packs quite a lot of punch for its size. the new bot measures 1.7 metres by 1.1 metres, and stands just 0.35 metres – or slightly more than a foot – off the ground. although drexler could not disclose any specific sales, he said the company has attracted the interest of several major american manufacturers. with its impending foray into the industrial market, clearpath has made tremendous progress since rendall and three other mechatronics graduates from the university of waterloo founded the company in 2009. clearpath’s original business plan was to provide robots with generic programming to academics. this would allow professors to further their software research without getting bogged down designing basic hardware. after building a strong following and putting black and yellow robots in research labs around the world, the company entered into co-development projects with industry players and began building bots for a range of different applications, including surveillance in areas it’s dangerous or cost-inhibitive to send humans. the company registered a profit after only 18 months in business and has been expanding ever since. among its automated vehicles already on the market are the land-based grizzly, the seafaring kingfisher and an unmanned aerial vehicle known as the hummingbird. the company has over 500 customers in 40 countries and hopes to build on that substantially with the full release of the silverback this september. one thing is certain, clearpath will have a large market to grow into. according to the company, the mechatronics industry, defined as a blending together of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and controlled engineering, is expected to be a $200-billion market by 2020. growth prospects take off from there. a 2013 mckinsey & co. report estimated the potential global economic impact of the advanced robotics industry would reach anywhere from us$1.7 to $4.5 trillion by 2025. “the sky’s the limit for this industry,” drexler said. “we firmly believe here at clearpath that we’re right on the cusp of mass adoption of autonomy in the industrial space… and in many spaces around the world.” amid plans to finalize the silverback’s release, clearpath is also looking ahead to its next venture in which it will look to automate even more factory and warehouse machinery. “in order to tackle the problem of autonomously transporting material you need a variety of form factors because there’s a variety of payloads,” drexler said. simply put, goods are not always neatly arranged on pallets. to account for this, traditional companies in the industrial space employ a variety of vehicles capable of taking on different payloads. clearpath wants to automate them all. “what we’re after is creating an ecosystem of driverless vehicles that are all operating under one centralized control system,” drexler said. “taking that brain and putting it on a fork truck or a tugger or an [automated guided vehicle] or our robots, or anything in between.” ultimately, clearpath wants to build a fleet of automated vehicles controlled by a warehouse control systems or over the internet of things. despite its lofty goals, the company is taking a practical approach to the robotic revolution. “it’s sometimes difficult for people to take a leap from whatever they’re doing right now to fully-autonomous operation,” drexler said. “and we’re very happy to help our partners walk before they run, and take a single step toward full automation, and then a second step, and a third step, and as many steps as it needs to be until they’re full automated.”

ə blu ʃɑrk, ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈlɑrʤəst ˈɛvər kɔt ɔf ðə koʊst əv ˈbrɪtən, həz bɪn rild ɪn baɪ ən ˈæməˌʧər ˈfɪʃərˌmæn, ˈreɪzɪŋ fɪrz ðət ðə lɑrʤ ˈprɛdətərz ər biɪŋ lʊrd ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˈʃæloʊər ˈwɔtərz. ðə juʤ fɪʃ wɑz ˈkæpʧərd 20 maɪəlz ɔf ðə wɛlʧ koʊst nɪr ˈmɪlfərd ˈheɪvən ɪn pembrokeshire*, baɪ ˈbɪldər ˈdæni fɪʧ. ðə kæʧ keɪm ɛz ˈɛkspərts wɔrnd sˈwɪmərz ðət ðə hɑt ˈwɛðər ənd ðə ˈbɪgəst hɔl əv ˈmækərəl ɪn ˈwɔtərz ɪn 30 jɪrz kʊd əˈtrækt ʃɑrks tɪ ˈʃæloʊər dɛpθs. ˈmɪstər fɪʧ, 49 spɛnt 45 ˈmɪnəts ˈrilɪŋ ɪn ðə juʤ 2 ˈaɪˈɛˈnɛs blu ʃɑrk ənd ˈstrəgəld tɪ hiv ɪt ɔn tɪ ðə ˈʧɑrtər boʊt tɪ weɪ ənd ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ɪt ˌbiˈfɔr rɪˈtərnɪŋ ɪt seɪf ənd wɛl ˈɪntu ðə si. "ðɪs wɑz maɪ fərst ʃɑrk ˈfɪʃɪŋ trɪp ənd aɪ hæd hoʊpt tɪ kæʧ wən əv əˈbaʊt soʊ tɪ kæʧ ə fɪʃ əv ðə saɪz aɪ dɪd ɪz ˈprɪti unbelievable,”*,” ʃi sɛd "ɪt wɑz ˈrɪli hɑrd, ˈtaɪrɪŋ wərk. aɪ gɑt ɪt ˈɪntu ðə boʊt fɔr taɪmz, ənd fɔr taɪmz ɪt ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ɪt ˈwəzənt ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn ənd ʃɑt ɔf əˈgɛn. "aɪ wɑz ˈlɪtərəli ˈhæŋɪŋ aʊt əv ðə saɪd əv ðə boʊt traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ɪt in.”*.”

a 9ft blue shark, the second largest ever caught off the coast of britain, has been reeled in by an amateur fisherman, raising fears that the large predators are being lured closer to shallower waters. the huge fish was captured 20 miles off the welsh coast near milford haven in pembrokeshire, by builder danny fitch. the catch came as experts warned swimmers that the hot weather and the biggest haul of mackerel in uk waters in 30 years could attract sharks to shallower depths. mr fitch, 49, spent 45 minutes reeling in the huge 9ft 2 ins blue shark and struggled to heave it on to the charter boat to weigh and photograph it before returning it safe and well into the sea. "this was my first shark fishing trip and i had hoped to catch one of about 100lbs so to catch a fish of the size i did is pretty unbelievable,” she said "it was really hard, tiring work. i got it into the boat four times, and four times it decided it wasn't coming in and shot off again. "i was literally hanging out of the side of the boat trying to get it in.”

wɛr ər ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈproʊˌtɛstərz? wɔl strit ənd ðə əˈbjuzɪz əv ˈkɔrpərət əˈmɛrɪkə kræʃt ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, ˈlivɪŋ ˈrɛgjələr ˈpipəl ˈæŋʃəs ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli ˈɪnsəkjər. jɛt ðə fɑr raɪt, nɑt ðə rɪˈfɔrmɪst lɛft, ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈwɪndˌfɔl. ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪz səˈvɪrli ɔf wɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli strɛst əˈmɛrɪkənz kənˈfrənt ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈkɑŋgrəs əˈbaʊt "dɛθ ˈpænəlz" ɪn ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə hɛlθ plæn. ðə ˈrumərz, fænd baɪ tɔk ˈreɪdiˌoʊ wɪθ ə ˈlɪtəl hɛlp frəm rɪˈpəblɪkənz, ər fɔls ənd ˈivɪn dɪˈluʒənəl. jɛt ðə ˈæŋgər, ɪf mɪsdɪˈrɛktɪd, ɪz ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn. ˈpipəl ʃʊd bi ˈplɛnti ˈæŋgri əˈbaʊt ðɛr ʤɑbz ənd ðɛr ˈmɔrgɪʤɪz ənd ðɛr hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns. wɪθ hɛlθ kɛr, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈvərʧuəli ɔl əv ðə fɪrz əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə hɛlθ rɪˈfɔrm ˈɛfərts mɔr ˈækjərətli dɪˈskraɪb ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈpraɪvət ˈsɪstəm. ɪt ɪz ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət ˈræʃən kɛr baɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ wət ɪz ˈkəvərd ənd wət ɪz nɑt. ˈpraɪvət plænz ˈlɪmət wɪʧ ˈdɔktər ənd ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ju kən juz, dɪˈfaɪn "ˈpriɪgˈzɪstɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz" ənd meɪk ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ənəˈfɔrdəbəl fər tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz. fər ˈmɛni, ɔl ðɪs kən kɔz ˈsəfərɪŋ ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈivɪn dɛθ. ɑr wən oʊˈeɪsɪs əv ˈsoʊʃəˌlaɪzd ˈmɛdəsən, ˈmɛdəˌkɛr, həz ðə moʊst ʧɔɪs ənd ðə list ɪkˈskluʒən. ðə mɪsdɪˈrɛktɪd ˈsɪtɪzən ˈæŋgər æt ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə hɛlθ rɪˈfɔrm ˈɛfərts ɪz ə ˈsərəˌgeɪt fər ˈbrɔdər, ɪnˈtaɪərli ləˈʤɪtəmət, ˈpɑpjələr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈbæˌklæʃ. ˈæftər rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈnɪrli ə ˈtrɪljən ˈdɔlərz əv ˈtækˌspeɪər eɪd, wɔl strit ɪz rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ˈbɪznɪs ɛz ˈjuʒəwəl. kənˈsɪdər: fərmz ðət rɪˈsivd ˈgəvərnmənt hɛlp, ˈæftər ˈluzɪŋ ˈfɔrʧənz ɪn 2008 stɪl faʊnd ˈməni tɪ peɪ aʊt ɪgˈzɔrbɪtənt ˈboʊnəsɪz æt ˈpəblɪk ɪkˈspɛns. fɑr tu ˈlɪtəl əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənts eɪd tɪ wɔl strit ɪz ˈtrɪklɪŋ daʊn. bɪˈkəz əv ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃənz dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˈtərgət 75 ˈbɪljən ɪn eɪd tɪ bæŋks ənd ˈmɔrgɪʤ ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈrəðər ðən tɪ bɪˈligərd ˈhoʊˌmoʊnərz, fɔrˈkloʊʒərz ər stɪl ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ fɑr ˈfæstər ðən loʊn ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz. dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˌpriməˈʧʊr əˈbaʊt ə ˈtrɪviəl drɔp ɪn ðə ˈmɛʒərd ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪt ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, mɔr ðən 25 ˈmɪljən əˈmɛrɪkənz ər ˈiðər ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd, aʊt əv ðə ˈleɪbər fɔrs, ər ˈwərkɪŋ pɑrt taɪm wɪn ðeɪ nid ə ˈfʊlˌtaɪm ʤɑb. noʊ ˈwəndər ðɛr ɪz ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˈpɑkətˌbʊk ˈæŋgər. wɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli strɛst ənd ˈfraɪtənd ˈpipəl ər ˈæŋʃəs ənd ˈsələn, ju ˈnɛvər noʊ hu wɪl ˈkæpʧər ðɛr fɪrz ənd hoʊps. ɪn ðə 1930s*, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk æŋˈzaɪəti prəˈdust ˈlidərz ɛz ˈdɪfərənt ɛz ˈfræŋklɪn ˈruzəˌvɛlt ənd ˈeɪdɑlf ˈhɪtlər. ˈhɪstəri ʃoʊz ðət ɪf ðə rɪˈfɔrmɪst lɛft ˈdəzənt ˈɔfər ə ˈplɔzəbəl ˈstɔri ənd ˈstrætəʤi əv rɪˈfɔrm, ðə ˈlunəˌtɪk raɪt wɪl geɪn graʊnd ˈivɪn wɪθ ən ˌɪmˈplɔzəbəl wən. soʊ wɛr ər ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈproʊˌtɛstərz? ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv həz pæst tɪ ðə raɪt fər tu bɪg ˈrizənz. wən ɪz ˌoʊˈbɑmə hɪmˈsɛlf. ðɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt riˈkɔɪlz frəm ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən, ˈivɪn wɪθ ðoʊz hu ər aʊt tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ɪm. hi həz hæd ˈæmpəl ˌɑpərˈtunətiz tɪ pʊt hɪmˈsɛlf ɔn ðə saɪd əv ˈpɑpjələr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈgrivənsɪz ənd tɪ kəˈnɛkt əˈmɛrɪkəz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈtrəbəlz tɪ ðə ˈfɔrsɪz ðət ˈruzəˌvɛlt kɔld "ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk royalists*." bət ˌoʊˈbɑmə, huz prəˈpɛnsɪti fər kənˈsɛnsəs ɪz hard-wired*, kips ˈpæsɪŋ əp ðoʊz ˌɑpərˈtunətiz. ˈivɪn naʊ, hi woʊnt meɪk klɪr ðət ðə ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈɪndəstri ɪz ðə ˈprɑbləm. ˈrisənt ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈsteɪtmənts ɔn ðə "ˈpəblɪk" ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈɔpʃən hæv bɪn ˈklæsɪks əv mɪkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪŋ. ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk tim ɪz fɑr tu ˈkoʊzi wɪθ wɔl strit, ˈfænɪŋ ˈpɑpjələst səˈspɪʃənz. dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈprɛzɪdənts ˈhɪstəri ɛz ə kəmˈjunɪti ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzər, hɪz staɪl ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪz tɪ tæmp daʊn ˈpɑpjələr ˈproʊˌtɛst, nɑt rɛv ɪt əp. aɪ noʊ əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈkeɪsɪz ɪn wɪʧ ðə waɪt haʊs rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˈæˌlaɪd prəˈgrɛsɪv grups tɪ kul ɪt. wɪn peɪd ˈkəlpəbəl ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz "riˈtɛnʃən ˈboʊnəsɪz," ˌoʊˈbɑmə dɪˈspæʧt ˈlɛri ˈsəmərz tɪ ðə ˈsənˌdi tɔk ʃoʊz tɪ ˈhɛlpfəli ɪkˈspleɪn ðət "wi ər ə ˈkəntri əv lɔ. ðɛr ər ˈkɑnˌtrækts." tɛl ðət tɪ ənd ˌaʊtˈsɔrst ˈfæktəri ˈwərkərz. ɪts ˈhɑrdli səˈpraɪzɪŋ ðət ˈrɛgjələr ˈpipəl rɪˈzɛnt ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən əv ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə. ˈsɛkənd, ðə prəˈgrɛsɪv græs ruts hæv bɪn ˈwikənd baɪ ðə seɪm wɔl ɪˈkɑnəmi. ðə ˈleɪbər ˈmuvmənt, ðə bɛst ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɪnstrəmənt fər ˈtərnɪŋ ˈpɑpjələr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈstrɛs ˈɪntu rɪˈfɔrm, həz bɪn ˈsævɪʤd baɪ ˌɪˈligəl ˈkɔrpərət union-busting*. waɪl ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈɔfərz kaɪnd wərdz tɪ ˈjunjənz, rɪˈfɔrm tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ˈwərkərz' raɪts tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ɪz nɑt wən əv ɪts praɪˈɔrətiz. tu ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈɪntəˌrɛst grups hæv bɪˈkəm ˈbɛltˌweɪ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ˈpækɪʤd ənd pəˈlaɪt əˈfɛrz ˌdɪskəˈnɛktɪd frəm ðə ril græs ruts. ðə ˈrɛmədi ɪz nɑt mɑbz tɪ ˈkɑntɛst wənz. ɪn ˈʤərməni ɪn ðə 1930s*, ˈfæʃɪsts ˈtɪltɪd ɪn ðə strit wɪθ ˈkɑmjənəsts, ənd boʊθ wər ˈrɛsəpiz fər dɪˈzæstər. wən weɪ ər əˈnəðər, hɑrd taɪmz ˈproʊdus ˈpɑpjələr ˈæŋgər æt ˈkæləs ɪˈlits. ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈlidərˌʃɪp ənd prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈɛnərʤi tɪ kəˈnɛkt ðə ˈmaʊntɪŋ ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ tɪ ðə ril ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk əˈbjuzɪz ər ˈoʊvərˈdu. ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ˈivɪn ə ˈtɪkɪt əv ˈsɛrə ˈpælɪn ənd mɑrk ˈsænfərd kʊd pɪk əp ðə ˈpisɪz. ˈrɑbərt ˈkətnər ɪz əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈprɑspɛkt, ə ˈsinjər ˈfɛloʊ æt ˈdɛˌmoʊz ənd ðə ˈɔθər əv "ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈʧælənʤ."

where are the liberal protesters? wall street and the abuses of corporate america crashed the economy, leaving regular people anxious and financially insecure. yet the far right, not the reformist left, is getting the political windfall. something is severely off when economically stressed americans confront members of congress about "death panels" in the obama health plan. the rumors, fanned by talk radio with a little help from republicans, are false and even delusional. yet the anger, if misdirected, is genuine. people should be plenty angry about their jobs and their mortgages and their health insurance. with health care, however, virtually all of the fears attributed to the obama health reform efforts more accurately describe the existing private system. it is private insurance companies that ration care by deciding what is covered and what is not. private plans limit which doctor and hospital you can use, define "preexisting conditions" and make insurance unaffordable for tens of millions. for many, all this can cause suffering and sometimes even death. our one oasis of socialized medicine, medicare, has the most choice and the least exclusion. the misdirected citizen anger at the obama health reform efforts is a surrogate for broader, entirely legitimate, popular economic backlash. after receiving nearly a trillion dollars of taxpayer aid, wall street is returning to business as usual. consider: firms that received government help, after losing fortunes in 2008, still found money to pay out exorbitant bonuses at public expense. far too little of the government's aid to wall street is trickling down. because of the administration's decision to target $75 billion in mortgage-relief aid to banks and mortgage companies rather than to beleaguered homeowners, foreclosures are still increasing far faster than loan modifications. despite the premature triumphalism about a trivial drop in the measured unemployment rate in july, more than 25 million americans are either unemployed, out of the labor force, or working part time when they need a full-time job. no wonder there is widespread pocketbook anger. when economically stressed and frightened people are anxious and sullen, you never know who will capture their fears and hopes. in the 1930s, economic anxiety produced leaders as different as franklin roosevelt and adolf hitler. history shows that if the reformist left doesn't offer a plausible story and strategy of reform, the lunatic right will gain ground even with an implausible one. so where are the liberal protesters? the initiative has passed to the know-nothing right for two big reasons. one is obama himself. this president recoils from confrontation, even with those who are out to destroy him. he has had ample opportunities to put himself on the side of popular economic grievances and to connect america's economic troubles to the forces that roosevelt called "economic royalists." but obama, whose propensity for consensus is hard-wired, keeps passing up those opportunities. even now, he won't make clear that the private insurance industry is the problem. recent administration statements on the "public" insurance option have been classics of mixed messaging. obama's economic team is far too cozy with wall street, fanning populist suspicions. despite the president's history as a community organizer, his style as president is to tamp down popular protest, not rev it up. i know of several cases in which the white house requested allied progressive groups to cool it. when government-subsidized aig disgracefully paid culpable executives "retention bonuses," obama dispatched larry summers to the sunday talk shows to helpfully explain that "we are a country of law. there are contracts." tell that to laid-off and outsourced factory workers. it's hardly surprising that regular people resent the corporate-connected washington of barack obama. second, the progressive grass roots have been weakened by the same wall street-dominated economy. the labor movement, the best single instrument for turning popular economic distress into reform, has been savaged by illegal corporate union-busting. while the obama administration offers kind words to unions, reform to ensure workers' rights to organize is not one of its priorities. too many other liberal interest groups have become beltway operations, packaged and polite affairs disconnected from the real grass roots. the remedy is not left-wing mobs to contest right-wing ones. in germany in the 1930s, fascists tilted in the street with communists, and both were recipes for disaster. one way or another, hard times produce popular anger at callous elites. presidential leadership and progressive organizing energy to connect the mounting outrage to the real economic abuses are overdue. otherwise, even a ticket of sarah palin and mark sanford could pick up the pieces. robert kuttner is co-editor of the american prospect, a senior fellow at demos and the author of "obama's challenge."

ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz əˈkɑmplɪʃt, hi həz meɪd ˈlɪtəl ˈhɛdˌweɪ ɔn ðə goʊl hi ˈvæljuz moʊst: ˈgəvərnmənt ˈækʃən tɪ lɪft ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈprɑspɛkts fər ˈævərɪʤ əˈmɛrɪkənz. ˈmɪstər. ˌoʊˈbɑmə kɔlz ɪt ər break,”*,” dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˈɪʃu əv ɑr time”*” ənd hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl ˈmɛʒər əv səkˈsɛs ɪn ðə waɪt haʊs. bət hɪz steɪt əv ðə ˈjunjən ˈæˌdrɛs ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, wɪʧ ɪz ʃʊr tɪ ˈhaɪˌlaɪt wəns əˈgɛn ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə ˈmɪdəl klæs ənd ðə pur, kʊd ˌəndərˈskɔr hɪz ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti soʊ fɑr tɪ ˈkɑnvərt tɔk ˈɪntu ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ðət hi ənd ˈəðər ˈdɛməˌkræts bɪˈliv kən meɪk ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈdɪfərəns. ˈkɑŋgrəs həz ʃənd ə 75 ˈbɪljən plæn tɪ ɪkˈspænd ˈərli ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ðət ˈmɪstər. ˌoʊˈbɑmə prəˈpoʊzd ɪn læst steɪt əv ðə ˈjunjən, ənd ðə ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər bæŋk hi həz pʊʃt fər fɔr jɪrz. ɛz eɪdz dræft ðɛr 2015 ˈbəʤɪt plæn, ðɛr 2014 ˈvərʒən ʃoʊz ðɪs ˈbɑtəm laɪn fər ˈmɪstər. sɪksθ jɪr ɪn ˈɔfəs: ˈgəvərnmənt ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ɪn ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər, ˈrisərʧ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ, æt pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, mæʧ ðə ˈlɛvəl frəm ˈprɛzɪdənt ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. sɪksθ jɪr ɪn ˈɔfəs. ðət rɪˈflɛkts ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈimərʤənsi ðət kənˈsumd ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ əv ˈmɪstər. ˈprɛzɪdənsi ənd ðə ˈifɛktɪvnəs əv kənˈgrɛʃənəl rɪˈpəblɪkənz hu ʃɛr democrats’*’ ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ˈgəvərnmənt. ɪn ən ˈɪrə ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ kənˈsərn ˈoʊvər ˈdɛfɪsɪts, rɪˈpəblɪkənz hæv ˈlɑrʤli kənˈtroʊld ðə dəˈbeɪt, ˈivɪn ɛz ˈdɛməˌkræts hæv wən fɔr əv ðə læst sɪks ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz.

washington — whatever president obama has accomplished, he has made little headway on the goal he values most: government action to lift long-term economic prospects for average americans. mr. obama calls it “make or break,” “the defining issue of our time” and his personal measure of success in the white house. but his state of the union address on tuesday, which is sure to highlight once again the challenges facing the middle class and the poor, could underscore his inability so far to convert talk into the taxpayer-financed investments that he and other democrats believe can make the biggest difference. congress has shunned a $75 billion plan to expand early childhood education that mr. obama proposed in last year’s state of the union, and the infrastructure bank he has pushed for four years. as aides draft their 2015 budget plan, their 2014 version shows this bottom line for mr. obama’s sixth year in office: government investments in infrastructure, research and development, and education and training, at 3.3 percent of the economy, match the level from president george w. bush’s sixth year in office. that reflects the impact of the economic emergency that consumed the opening of mr. obama’s presidency and the effectiveness of congressional republicans who don’t share democrats’ confidence in government. in an era dominated by concern over deficits, republicans have largely controlled the debate, even as democrats have won four of the last six presidential elections.

aɪˈdiəz mʊr ɪz ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə ˈrɑbɪn hʊd faʊnˈdeɪʃən aɪ gru əp ɔn ðə brɪŋk əv ˈpɑvərti ɪn ˈbɔltəˌmɔr ənd ðə brɑŋks ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ənd ’90s*. aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ðoʊz strits ju pæs θru ˈæftər dɑrk, ˈnævəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðɛm æt ə dɛd sprɪnt, traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt hoʊm ˈseɪfli ənd wɪˈθaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪn ˈtrəbəl wɪθ maɪ mɑm. ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ə ˈkrɑnɪkəli nɪˈglɛktɪd kəmˈjunɪti fɛlt laɪk ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ə steɪt əv ˈkɑnstənt siʤ. ˈpɑvərti ɪz ə ˈhɔrəbəl, fɔrs ðət ˌɪnˈveɪdz ənd ˌɪnˈfɛkts ˈɛvəri ˈæˌspɛkt əv ɑr lɪvz ənd kəmˈjunɪtiz ɑr hoʊmz, ɑr pantries*, ɑr skulz, ɑr kərɪrz, ənd ɑr hɛlθ. mɔr ðən ə hæf ˈsɛnʧəri əˈgoʊ, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈlɪndən bi. ˈʤɑnsən kɔld fər ɪgˈzæktli ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˈɛfərt ɪt wɪl teɪk tɪ ɛnd ðə pleɪg əv ˈpɑvərti ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˌənkənˈdɪʃənəl wɔr ɔn poverty.”*.” ɛz ə ˈvɛtərən əv ðə wɔr ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn, aɪ noʊ ˈfərsthænd ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˈɛfərt ðət əˈmɛrɪkə kəˈmɪts tɪ ˈwɪnɪŋ wɔrz. bət ɪn ðə 53 jɪrz sɪns hɪˈstɔrɪk plɛʤ, əˈmɛrɪkə həz əˈbændənd ðət kəˈmɪtmənt ənd ðət riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti. ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz ðət wi ər noʊ ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˈvɪktəri naʊ ðən wi wər ˌbiˈfɔr. sɪns 1973 ðə reɪt əv ɑr ˈneɪbərz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈpɑvərti həz ˈbɛrli bəʤd waɪl ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi həz mɔr ðən ˈdəbəld. wərs jɛt, wət wɑz wəns ə wɔr ɔn ˈpɑvərti həz bɪˈkəm ə wɔr ɔn ðə pur. aɪ seɪ ðɪs nɑt tɪ kæst ˈʤəʤmənt ɔn ˈɛni ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrti. frəm ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈpɑləsiz əv ðə ’70s*, θru ðə tækˈseɪʃən ˈpɑləsiz əv ðə, ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr ənd ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs rɪˈfɔrm ˈɛfərts əv ðə ’90s*, ðə ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈpɑləsiz əv ðɪs ˈdɛkeɪd, tɪ ðɪs nu prəˈpoʊzd hɛlθ kɛr bɪl; əˈmɛrɪkə həz ə ˈʃeɪmfəl ˈhɪstəri əv ˈɪnstɪˌtutɪŋ ˈpɑləsiz ðət hæv pʊt ˈpipəl ˈɪntu ˈpɑvərti ənd kɛpt ðɛm ðɛr. wi nid tɪ bi əˈbəndəntli klɪr ɔn ðɪs ˈpipəl ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈpɑvərti ər ðə ˈvɪktɪmz, nɑt ðə ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz əv ɪt. ˈpɑvərti ɪz nɑt ə steɪt əv maɪnd, ənd ɪˈskeɪpɪŋ ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd ənd ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənəl ˈhɑrdʃɪp ɪz ən ˌənɪˈmæʤɪnəbəl ˈmaʊntən tɪ klaɪm. fər mi, maɪ ˈməðər wərkt θri ʤɑbz ənd skreɪpt ənd ˈsækrəˌfaɪst tɪ kip ˈjuˈɛs əˈfloʊt, ənd ˈivɪn ðɛn, aɪ ˈnidɪd ə wərθ əv lək tɪ gɪt wɛr aɪ æm təˈdeɪ. ðɪs ˈneɪʃən nidz ə ˈbætəl plæn soʊ ɑr pur ˈsɪtɪzənz kən faɪt ðɛr weɪ ˈɪntu prɑˈspɛrəti. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ˈæftər ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt ˈpɑləsiz ənd dɪˈspɛrɪʤɪŋ ˈrɛtərɪk, ðə 45 ˈmɪljən əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈpɑvərti təˈdeɪ ər mɔr ˈvəlnərəbəl ðən æt ˈɛni pɔɪnt ɪn ðɪs ˈhɪstəri. ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti əˈloʊn, ðɛr ər ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈpɑvərti. ɪn ðə brɑŋks, wɛr aɪ wɑz wəns ə ʧaɪld, ðə reɪt əv ʧaɪld ˈpɑvərti ɪz tu ɪn faɪv. ɪf ðə pur ˈrɛzɪdənts əv nu jɔrk fɔrmd ðɛr oʊn ˈsɪti, ɪt wʊd bi ðə fɪθ ˈlɑrʤəst ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ˈrɑbɪn hʊd, ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən aɪ æm naʊ praʊd tɪ lɛd, həz bɪn ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈpɑvərti fər ˈnɪrli 30 jɪrz. ənd ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈjuˈɛs; ˈəðər greɪt ˌfɪlənθˈrɑpɪk ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz laɪk ðə fɔrd faʊnˈdeɪʃən, ðə ˈɛdnə məˈkɑnəl klɑrk faʊnˈdeɪʃən ənd ðə ˈoʊpən soʊˈsaɪɪti faʊnˈdeɪʃənz hæv ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ˈhɛvəli ənd ˈsəbstəntɪvli ˈɪntu ðɪs faɪt. ɔn ɑr ɛnd, ɑr ˈoʊvər 200 kəmˈjunɪti ˈpɑrtnərz ər breɪv ˈfrənˌtlaɪn ˈsoʊlʤərz hu ˈnɛvər əˈbændənd ðɪs wɔr ɔn ˈpɑvərti ˈtiʧərz, ˈnərsɪz, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈwərkərz, feɪθ ˈlidərz, ʤɑb ˈtreɪnərz, ənd ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz. bət ðeɪ ˈkænɑt ənd ʃʊd nɑt hæv tɪ weɪʤ ðɪs wɔr əˈloʊn. ˈrɑbɪn lɔŋ ˈhɪstəri ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈpɑvərti pruvz ˈtɑrgətɪd fɪˈlænθrəpi ənd ˈʧɛrɪti hæv ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl tɪ pleɪ, bət ər nɑt ɪˈnəf tɪ tərn ðə taɪd əv ðɪs wɔr. ðə ˈkrɑnɪk ənd sɪˈstɛmɪk ˈneɪʧər əv ˈpɑvərti dɪz nɑt ɪgˈzɪst bɪˈkəz ðɛr ɪz nɑt ɪˈnəf fɪˈlænθrəpi; ɪt ɪgˈzɪsts ɛz ə dɪˈrɛkt rɪˈzəlt əv feɪld ˈpɑləsiz. wi məst faɪt ðə wɔr ɔn ˈpɑvərti ɪn ə ˈmænər ðət rɪˈflɛkts ðə greɪt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈspɪrɪt: wɪθ ˌɪmˈpeɪʃəns, ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, ənd ənˈweɪvərɪŋ riˈzɑlv. ðɪs ɪz ə wɔr wərθ ˈfaɪtɪŋ; ənd əˈmɪd ˈfərðər ˈsɛtˌbæks ɪn ðə faɪt əˈgɛnst ˈpɑvərti, ɪt ɪz taɪm fər ə nu kɔl tɪ ɑrmz. ˈpɑvərti ɪz ə ˈkraɪsəs ðət əˈflɪkts ˈərbən ənd ˈrʊrəl əˈmɛrɪkənz əv ˈɛvəri ˈkələr, krid, ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən. ˈpipəl ɪn ˈpɑvərti ˈniðər nid nɔr wɔnt ˈsɪmpəθi ðeɪ nid ˈɛmpəθi bækt əp baɪ ˈækʃən. wi məst rɪˈvaɪz ˈpɑləsiz ðət hæv pərˈmɪtɪd ˈpɑvərti tɪ ˈfɛstər ənd groʊ, ənd əˈdɑpt nu wənz ðət kənˈfrənt ɪt head-on*. ðət minz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr ˈfæməliz ənd ˈʧɪldrən du nɑt goʊ ˈhəŋgri, ɪt minz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr ə ˈækˌsɛs tɪ kˈwɑləti ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən dɪz nɑt dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ðɛr zɪp koʊd, ənd ɪt minz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr ˈpipəl hu ər ˌɪnˈkɑrsərˌeɪtɪd hæv ðə tulz ðeɪ nid tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti wɪn ðeɪ kəm hoʊm, əˈməŋ soʊ ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˌɪmˈpɛrətɪv ˈɛfərts. əˈmɛrɪkə faɪt wɔrz wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə pɔɪnt wi faɪt wɔrz tɪ wɪn, ənd ðə wɔr ɔn ˈpɑvərti ʃʊd bi noʊ ˈdɪfərənt. ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈjuˈɛs æt editors@time.com*.

ideas moore is ceo of the robin hood foundation i grew up on the brink of poverty in baltimore and the bronx during the ’80s and ’90s. i remember those streets you couldn’t pass through after dark, navigating them at a dead sprint, trying to get home safely and without getting in trouble with my mom. living in a chronically neglected community felt like living in a state of constant siege. poverty is a horrible, bedeviling force that invades and infects every aspect of our lives and communities – our homes, our pantries, our schools, our careers, and our health. more than a half century ago, president lyndon b. johnson called for exactly the level of effort it will take to end the plague of poverty in the united states – “an unconditional war on poverty.” as a veteran of the war in afghanistan, i know firsthand the level of effort that america commits to winning wars. but in the 53 years since johnson’s historic pledge, america has abandoned that commitment and that responsibility. the result is that we are no closer to victory now than we were before. since 1973, the rate of our neighbors living in poverty has barely budged while our economy has more than doubled. worse yet, what was once a war on poverty has become a war on the poor. i say this not to cast judgement on any particular administration or political party. from the housing policies of the ’70s, through the taxation policies of the ’80s, the welfare and criminal justice reform efforts of the ’90s, the education policies of this decade, to this new proposed health care bill; america has a shameful history of instituting policies that have put people into poverty and kept them there. we need to be abundantly clear on this – people living in poverty are the victims, not the perpetrators of it. poverty is not a state of mind, and escaping concentrated and generational hardship is an unimaginable mountain to climb. for me, my mother worked three jobs and scraped and sacrificed to keep us afloat, and even then, i needed a lottery’s worth of luck to get where i am today. this nation needs a battle plan so our poor citizens can fight their way into prosperity. instead, after decades of inconsistent policies and disparaging rhetoric, the 45 million americans living in poverty today are more vulnerable than at any point in this nation’s history. in new york city alone, there are million people living in poverty. in the bronx, where i was once a child, the rate of child poverty is two in five. if the poor residents of new york formed their own city, it would be the fifth largest in the united states. robin hood, the organization i am now proud to lead, has been dedicated to fighting poverty for nearly 30 years. and it is not only us; other great philanthropic organizations like the ford foundation, the edna mcconnell clark foundation and the open society foundations have invested heavily and substantively into this fight. on our end, our over 200 community partners are brave frontline soldiers who never abandoned this war on poverty – teachers, nurses, social workers, faith leaders, job trainers, and volunteers. but they cannot – and should not have to – wage this war alone. robin hood’s long history fighting poverty proves targeted philanthropy and impactful charity have an important role to play, but are not enough to turn the tide of this war. the chronic and systemic nature of poverty does not exist because there is not enough philanthropy; it exists as a direct result of failed policies. we must fight the war on poverty in a manner that reflects the great american spirit: with impatience, investment, and unwavering resolve. this is a war worth fighting; and amid further setbacks in the fight against poverty, it is time for a new call to arms. poverty is a 50-state crisis that afflicts urban and rural americans of every color, creed, and political affiliation. people in poverty neither need nor want sympathy – they need empathy backed up by action. we must revise policies that have permitted poverty to fester and grow, and adopt new ones that confront it head-on. that means making sure families and children do not go hungry, it means making sure a child’s access to quality education does not depend on their zip code, and it means making sure people who are incarcerated have the tools they need to re-enter society when they come home, among so many other imperative efforts. america doesn’t fight wars with the intention of making a point – we fight wars to win, and the war on poverty should be no different. contact us at editors@time.com.

ˈdɔktər ˈbitən əp baɪ ə mɑb bɪˈkəz əv 'əˈlɛʤd' ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈnɛglɪʤəns ənd dɪˈleɪ ɪn ˈtritmənt ˈdɔktər ˈbitən əp baɪ ə mɑb bɪˈkəz əv 'əˈlɛʤd' ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈnɛglɪʤəns ənd dɪˈleɪ ɪn ˈtritmənt ə ˈdɔktər ɪn wɑz ˈbitən blæk ənd blu baɪ ðə ˈrɛlətɪvz əv ðə ˈpeɪʃənt du tɪ əˈlɛʤd dɪˈleɪ ɪn ðə ˈtritmənt. ðə ˈɪnsədənt tʊk pleɪs ɔn ˈsənˌdi naɪt æt ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈkɑlɪʤ (gmc*) ɪn. ə ˈsiˌsiˈtiˌvi ˈfʊtɪʤ ʃoʊz ðə mɑb əv ˈɔlˌmoʊst 20 ˈpipəl, ɔl əv ðɛm əˈlɛʤədli ˈrɛlətɪvz əv ðə ˈpeɪʃənt, ˈreɪnɪŋ daʊn bloʊz æt ðə ˈrɛzɪdənt ˈdɔktər. #wɔʧ: ˈpeɪʃənts ˈrɛlətɪv bit əp ə ˈdɔktər du tɪ əˈlɛʤd dɪˈleɪ ɪn ˈtritmənt æt ə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɪn (ˌmɑhərˈɑʃˌtrə); 9 ərˈɛstɪd. sɔrs: ˈsiˌsiˈtiˌvi (@ani_news*) 14 mɑrʧ 2017 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts, ðə ˈsinjər ˈrɛzɪdənt ˈdɔktər, ˈdɑktər. roʊən hæd əˈpɛrəntli æst ðə ˈrɛlətɪvz tɪ teɪk ðə ˈpeɪʃənt tɪ əˈnəðər ˈhɑˌspɪtəl sɪns ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈnʊroʊˌsərʤən ɔn ˈduti. ðə ˈpeɪʃənt hæd bɪn brɔt ɪn wɪθ ˈɪnʤəri tɪ hɪz hɛd ənd ðə ˈrɛlətɪvz wər mɪft ˈoʊvər əˈlɛʤd ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈnɛglɪʤəns əv ðə ˈdɔktər. doʊnt mɪs 204 ʃɛrz 222 ʃɛrz 66 keɪ ʃɛrz 776 ʃɛrz keɪ ʃɛrz rɪˈpɔrts steɪt ðət ðə ˈdɔktər həz ˈsəfərd ˈməltəpəl ˈɪnʤəriz hɪz ˈæbdəmən, ʧɛst ənd hɛd. hi ˈɔlsoʊ lɔst ˈvɪʒən ɪn wən aɪ ənd həz bɪn ədˈmɪtəd ɪn ðə icu*. ðə ˈɪnsədənt spɑrkt ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ əˈməŋ ðə ˌmɑhərˈɑʃˌtrə əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˈrɛzɪdənt ˈdɑktərz (mard*). ɛz ə saɪn əv ˈproʊˌtɛst, ðeɪ wɔr blæk ˈrɪbənz tɪ wərk ənd ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈdəktəd ˈkændəˌllaɪt ˈvɪʤəlz. wɪθ ˈeɪʤənsi ˈɪnˌpʊts

doctor beaten up by a mob because of 'alleged' medical negligence and delay in treatment doctor beaten up by a mob because of 'alleged' medical negligence and delay in treatment a doctor in maharashtra’s dhule was beaten black and blue by the relatives of the patient due to alleged delay in the treatment. the incident took place on sunday night at the government medical college (gmc) in dhule. a cctv footage shows the mob of almost 20 people, all of them allegedly relatives of the patient, raining down blows at the resident doctor. #watch: patient's relative beat up a doctor due to alleged delay in treatment at a hospital in dhule (maharashtra); 9 arrested. source: cctv pic.twitter.com/spdl9pkpug — ani (@ani_news) 14 march 2017 according to reports, the orthopaedic senior resident doctor, dr. rohan mamunkar , had apparently asked the relatives to take the patient to another hospital since there was no neurosurgeon on duty. the patient had been brought in with injury to his head and the relatives were miffed over alleged medical negligence of the doctor. don't miss 204 shares 222 shares 66 k shares 776 shares 1.8 k shares reports state that the doctor has suffered multiple injuries his abdomen, chest and head. he also lost vision in one eye and has been admitted in the icu. the incident sparked outrage among the maharashtra association of resident doctors (mard). as a sign of protest, they wore black ribbons to work and also conducted candlelight vigils. with agency inputs

ðə fˈjuʧər əv ðə ˈpɑpjələr ˈbəʤɪt ˈɛˌrlaɪn, ˈraɪəˌnɛr, flaɪɪŋ tɪ duˈbrɑvnɪk naʊ simz ənˈlaɪkli. ˈspikɪŋ æt ðə ˌsaʊˈθist ˈjʊrəp ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən ˈsəmɪt ˈkərəntli biɪŋ hɛld ɪn ˈbɛlˌgrɑd ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə duˈbrɑvnɪk ˈɛrˌpɔrt,, ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ðət ˈraɪəˌnɛr hæd dɪˈmændɪd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kəˈnɛkt duˈbrɑvnɪk wɪθ ˌloʊˈkɔst flaɪts wɑz ““unacceptable.”*.” ˈraɪəˌnɛr hæd hɛld tɔks wɪθ ðə duˈbrɑvnɪk ˈɛrˌpɔrt ənd ðə ˈsɪti əv duˈbrɑvnɪk ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr ənd ɪt hæd simd ðət ə dil kʊd bi ˈbroʊkərd; ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðə tərmz ðət ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈɛˌrlaɪn hæd rikˈwaɪərd wər ˈɔlˌweɪz ə ˈstɪkɪŋ pɔɪnt. ˈædɪd æt ðə ˈkɑnfərəns təˈdeɪ ðət həz ðə seɪm kənˈdɪʃənz ənd ˈtritmənt æt ɑr airport.”*.” ˈraɪəˌnɛr ˈkərəntli ˈɔpərˌeɪt tɪ ˈzeɪˌdɑr ˈɛrˌpɔrt ənd ðə ˈsɪti əv ˈzeɪˌdɑr əˈgrid tɪ peɪ ðə ˈɛˌrlaɪn ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz tɪ flaɪ. ɪt kən bi əˈsumd, ɪf ðə ˈzeɪˌdɑr keɪs ɪz juzd ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðət wən əv ðə ˈstɪkɪŋ pɔɪnts ɪn ðə nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ɪz ðə əˈmaʊnt əv kæʃ ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz ðə ˈɛˌrlaɪn ɪz dɪˈmændɪŋ frəm duˈbrɑvnɪk ˈɛrˌpɔrt.

the future of the popular budget airline, ryanair, flying to dubrovnik now seems unlikely. speaking at the southeast europe aviation summit currently being held in belgrade the director of the dubrovnik airport, roko tolic, stated that the conditions that ryanair had demanded in order to connect dubrovnik with low-cost flights was “unacceptable.” ryanair had held talks with the dubrovnik airport and the city of dubrovnik earlier this year and it had seemed that a deal could be brokered; however the terms that the irish airline had required were always a sticking point. tolic added at the conference today that “everyone has the same conditions and treatment at our airport.” ryanair currently operate to zadar airport and the city of zadar agreed to pay the airline incentives to fly. it can be assumed, if the zadar case is used as an example, that one of the sticking points in the negotiations is the amount of cash incentives the airline is demanding from dubrovnik airport.

ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 2008 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn, ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˈæŋkərˌmæn lu dɑbz ˈhoʊstɪd hɪz ˈivnɪŋ ˈbrɔdˌkæst frəm ðə ʤɪmˈneɪziəm əv ˈraɪdɪŋ haɪ ɪn ˈkaʊnti. ˈpeɪnɪd ɔn ðə wɔl wɑz ðə skulz əˈfɪʃəl ˈloʊgoʊ ə blæk ənd goʊld ˈigəl wɪθ wɪŋz sprɛd ˈoʊpən ənd ˈflæʃɪŋ ɪts ˈtælənz. wən əv ðoʊz ˈwɑʧɪŋ ɔn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən wɑz ə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt əv ˈʤɔrʤə ˈsəðərn ˌjunəˈvərsəti hu ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ðət ðə ˈigəl wɑz ðə seɪm wən juzd baɪ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈpɑrtmənt ənd kɔld ðə skul tɪ əˈlərt ɪt. wɪn wərd riʧt li ˈdeɪvɪs, ˈʤɔrʤə ˈsəðərnz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt fər ˈligəl əˈfɛrz, hi ˈprɪnɪd ə ˈkɑpi əv ˈloʊgoʊ frəm ɪts wɛb saɪt ənd kəmˈpɛrd ɪt tɪ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz dɪˈzaɪn. "aɪ blu ðɛm əp ənd pʊt ðɛm ɔn tɔp əv iʧ ˈəðər," ˈdeɪvɪs rɪˈkɔld. "ənd noʊ kˈwɛʃən ɪt wɑz ə ˈtreɪsɪŋ." ˈdeɪvɪs ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ðə haɪ skul ənd dɪˈmændɪd ðət ɪt stɑp ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈigəl. ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪt "ən ˌɪnədˈvərtənt ˈɛrər," ˈraɪdɪŋ həz sɪns riˈmuvd ðə ˈloʊgoʊ frəm tim ˈjunəˌfɔrmz, ˈhɛlməts ənd ˈəðər gɪr. ˈfridəm peɪd ˈʤɔrʤə ˈsəðərn 1 fər ðə juz əv ðə ˈigəl fər 10 jɪrz ɔn ˈaɪtəmz ðət wər tu ɪkˈspɛnsɪv tɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˌriˈpleɪs, səʧ ɛz ðə ʤɪmz wɔl ənd flɔr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ skul əˈfɪʃəlz. wət ˈraɪdɪŋ hæd təʧt ɔn wɑz ə ˈbɛrli rɪˈmɑrkt əˈpɑn ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk dɪˈspjut ðət ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈpɪtɪŋ haɪ skulz əˈgɛnst ˌjunəˈvərsətiz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri. haɪ skulz hæv fər jɪrz ˈkɑpid ðə ˈloʊˌgoʊz əv ˈbɪgˌtaɪm ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ənd prəˈfɛʃənəl timz, ər tərnd tɪ ðɛm fər ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən. bət ɛz ðoʊz hæv bɪˈkəm mɔr ˈvæljəbəl θru ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ fər ˈmərʧənˌdaɪz ənd əˈpærəl dilz ðət kən bi wərθ ˈmɪljənz tɪ ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈmɛni ˈkæmpəsɪz hæv bɪˈkəm mɔr ˈvɪʤələnt ɪn prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðɛm. "ɪts bɪˈkəm mɔr əv ən ˈɪʃu," sɛd ˈgeɪbriəl ˈfɛldmən, dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə spɔrts lɔ ˈproʊˌgræm æt tuˈleɪn ˌjunəˈvərsəti. "ənd aɪ θɪŋk pɑrt əv ɪt ɪz bɪˈkəz ðə ˈvælju əv ðiz ˈtreɪdˌmɑrks ɪz soʊ haɪ ðət ðiz ˈlaɪsənsɪz ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈməni frəm ðɛr mɑrks." waɪl ðɛr ɪz noʊ kaʊnt əv haʊ ˈmɛni haɪ skulz hæv ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤd ɔn ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈtreɪdˌmɑrks, ə ˈkæʒəwəl lʊk æt ˈɛni ˈriʤənz haɪ skulz rɪˈvilz ə ˈliʤən əv ˈmɪnɪˌʧʊr ˈkɑpiˌkæts, moʊst ˈvɪzəbli ˈɛvədənt ɔn ðə ˈhɛlməts əv ðɛr ˈfʊtˌbɔl timz. ðə w.t*. ˈwʊdsən ˌkævəˈlɪrz ɪn ˈfɛrˌfæks ˈkaʊnti, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, juz ə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv vərˈʤɪnjəz ˈloʊgoʊ ɔn ðɛr ˈhɛlməts ənd ˈjunəˌfɔrmz, rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ə "ˈdəbəlju" fər vərˈʤɪnjəz "vi." ˈwɪlsən haɪ ɪn ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt ˈjuzɪz ə ˈloʊgoʊ ðət rɪˈzɛmbəlz ˈklɛmsən ˌjunəˈvərsətiz pɔ ˈsɪmbəl, bət ɪn grin ənd waɪt ˈrəðər ðən ˈɔrɪnʤ ənd waɪt. ɪn prɪns ˈʤɔrʤɪz ˈkaʊnti, pəˈtoʊmək haɪ ˈmɑdəld ɪts ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈhɛlmət ɔn ðət əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgənz wolverines*, ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgənz meɪz ənd blu. nən əv ðə θri skulz həz æst fər pərˈmɪʃən tɪ juz ðə, ənd soʊ fɑr nən həz feɪst ˈɛni ˈʧælənʤɪz fər ɪt. ðət ˈwəzənt ðə keɪs wɪθ haɪ. wɪn ɪt wɑz kɔt ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈbɑbˌkæt dɪˈzaɪn əv oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɔn ɪts əˈpærəl sɪks jɪrz əˈgoʊ, əˈfɪʃəlz frəm ðə ˈfɛrˌfæks ˈkaʊnti skul ʤɔɪnd ə ˈproʊˌgræm rən baɪ ˈkænzəs steɪt ðət əˈlaʊz haɪ skulz tɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ "powercat*" ˈloʊgoʊ wɪˈθaʊt fɪr əv ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk infrigement*. ɔl ˈnidɪd wɑz tɪ peɪ ðə skul 1 ˈɛvəri tu jɪrz. "wi dɪd ɪt əˈfɪʃəli bɪˈkəz, gɑd fərˈbɪd, wi du ˈsəmθɪŋ, səm əˈləmˌnaɪ siz ˈsəmθɪŋ ənd səm əˈtərni sɛndz ˈjuˈɛs ə ˈlɛtər," sɛd ˈʤɪmi səˈnæbriə, æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈrɛktər.

during the 2008 presidential campaign, cnn anchorman lou dobbs hosted his evening broadcast from the gymnasium of freedom-south riding high in loudoun county. painted on the wall was the school's official logo - a black and gold eagle with wings spread open and flashing its talons. one of those watching on tv was a graduate of georgia southern university who recognized that the eagle was the same one used by the university's athletic department and called the school to alert it. when word reached lee davis, georgia southern's associate vice president for legal affairs, he printed a copy of freedom-south riding's logo from its web site and compared it to the university's design. "i blew them up and put them on top of each other," davis recalled. "and no question it was a tracing." davis contacted the three-year-old high school and demanded that it stop using the eagle. calling it "an inadvertent error," freedom-south riding has since removed the logo from team uniforms, helmets and other gear. freedom paid georgia southern $1 for the use of the eagle for 10 years on items that were too expensive to immediately replace, such as the gym's wall and floor, according to school officials. what freedom-south riding had touched on was a barely remarked upon trademark dispute that is increasingly pitting high schools against universities across the country. high schools have for years copied the logos of big-time universities and professional teams, or turned to them for inspiration. but as those insignias have become more valuable through licensing for merchandise and apparel - deals that can be worth millions to a university - many campuses have become more vigilant in protecting them. "it's become more of an issue," said gabriel feldman, director of the sports law program at tulane university. "and i think part of it is because the value of these trademarks is so high that these licenses and universities are making money from their marks." while there is no count of how many high schools have infringed on university trademarks, a casual look at any region's high schools reveals a legion of miniature copycats, most visibly evident on the helmets of their football teams. the w.t. woodson cavaliers in fairfax county, for example, use a variation of the university of virginia's distincitive cross-swords logo on their helmets and uniforms, replacing a "w" for virginia's "v." wilson high in the district uses a logo that resembles clemson university's paw symbol, but in green and white rather than clemson's orange and white. in prince george's county, potomac high modeled its football helmet on that of the university of michigan's wolverines, in michigan's maize and blue. none of the three schools has asked for permission to use the insignias, and so far none has faced any challenges for it. that wasn't the case with centreville high. when it was caught using the bobcat design of ohio university on its apparel six years ago, officials from the fairfax county school joined a program run by kansas state that allows high schools to borrow ksu's "powercat" logo without fear of trademark infrigement. all centreville needed was to pay the school $1 every two years. "we did it officially because, god forbid, we do something, some alumni sees something and some attorney sends us a cease-and-desist letter," said jimmy sanabria, centreville's athletic director.

ˈbreɪkɪŋ nuz iˈmeɪlz gɪt ˈbreɪkɪŋ nuz əˈlərts ənd ˈspɛʃəl rɪˈpɔrts. ðə nuz ənd ˈstɔriz ðət ˈmætər, dɪˈlɪvərd ˈwikˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋz. ˌʤuˈlaɪ 20 2016 æm ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˌʤuˈlaɪ 20 2016 æm sɔrs: ˈrɔɪtərz baɪ ˈrɔɪtərz tˈwɪtər sɛd ˈtuzˌdeɪ ɪt hæd muvd tɪ ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli səˈspɛnd ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈjuzər əˈkaʊnts fər əˈbjuz ənd hərˈæsmənt ˈæftər ˈgoʊstˌbəstərz ˈæktər ˈlɛsli ʤoʊnz ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ dru rɪˈnud əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə ˈɪʃu ənd əˈnaʊnst ʃi wʊd kwɪt ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə saɪt. ʤoʊnz ənd ʃɛrd ˈsɛvərəl əˈbjusɪv ʃi rɪˈsivd ˈmənˌdeɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtɛlɪŋ hər ˈfɑloʊərz: "aɪ liv tˈwɪtər təˈnaɪt wɪθ tɪrz ənd ə ˈvɛri sæd hɑrt. ɔl ðɪs kɔz aɪ dɪd ə ˈmuvi. ju kən heɪt ðə ˈmuvi bət ðə aɪ gɑt təˈdeɪ... rɔŋ." kæst ˈmɛmbər ˈlɛsli ʤoʊnz ˈpoʊzɪz æt ðə prɛˈmɪr əv ðə fɪlm "ˈgoʊstˌbəstərz" ɪn ˈhɑliˌwʊd, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə juz., ˌʤuˈlaɪ 9 2016 əˈməŋ ðoʊz bænd ˈtuzˌdeɪ wɑz tɛk ˈɛdɪtər ˈmaɪloʊ, hu həz bɪn ə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈfɪgjər ɔn ðə saɪt ənd hɛlpt lɛd ðə əˈbjuz əˈgɛnst ʤoʊnz. dɪd nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ə rɪkˈwɛst fər ˈkɑmɛnt. tˈwɪtər həz lɔŋ kəm ˈəndər ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm fər nɑt duɪŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ pəˈlis əˈbjusɪv bɪˈheɪvjər ɔn ðə ˈmɛsɪʤɪŋ ˈsərvɪs. ˈəðər səˈlɛbrɪtiz hæv ˈteɪkən ˈɪʃu wɪθ əˈbjuz ɔn ðə saɪt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈraɪtər ənd ˈæktrəs ˈlinə ˈdənəm, hu sɛd ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər ʃi hæd haɪərd ˈsəmˌwən tɪ twit ɔn hər bɪˈhæf bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə "seɪf speɪs" fər hər. tˈwɪtər sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈtuzˌdeɪ ðət ɪt hæd sin ən "ˈəpˌtɪk" ɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv əˈkaʊnts ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ ɪts əˈbjuz ənd hərˈæsmənt ˈpɑləsiz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 48 aʊərz, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ɪt hæd ɛnˈfɔrst ɪts ˈpɑləsiz ˈiðər baɪ ˈɪʃuɪŋ ˈwɔrnɪŋz ər ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli səˈspɛndɪŋ ˈjuzərz. "wi noʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl bɪˈliv wi hæv nɑt dən ɪˈnəf tɪ kərb ðɪs taɪp əv bɪˈheɪvjər ɔn tˈwɪtər. wi əˈgri," tˈwɪtər sɛd ɪn ðə ˈsteɪtmənt. "wi ər kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst ˈhɛvəli ɪn ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ɑr tulz ənd ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈsɪstəmz tɪ ˈbɛtər əˈlaʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ənd teɪk ˈfæstər ˈækʃən ɔn əˈbjuz ɛz ɪts ˈhæpənɪŋ ənd prɪˈvɛnt rɪˈpit əˈfɛndərz." ʤoʊnz, hu ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈrɛgjələr kæst ˈmɛmbər ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt lɪv, ˈpəblɪkli ˈpɑndərd ˈoʊvər ˈsɛvərəl wət wʊd prɑmpt ˈpipəl tɪ "spju heɪt." "aɪ juzd tɪ ˈwəndər waɪ səm səˈlɛbz doʊnt hæv tˈwɪtər naʊ aɪ noʊ," ʃi roʊt ɪn wən twit. ɪn ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt poʊst, ʃi ˈædɪd: "tˈwɪtər aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ju gɑt fri spiʧ aɪ gɪt ɪt. bət ðɛr həz tɪ bi səm ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz wɪn ju lɛt [heɪt] sprɛd laɪk ðət."

breaking news emails get breaking news alerts and special reports. the news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings. july 20, 2016, 11:18 am gmt / updated july 20, 2016, 11:47 am gmt / source: reuters by reuters twitter said tuesday it had moved to permanently suspend a number of user accounts for abuse and harassment after ghostbusters actor leslie jones on monday drew renewed attention to the issue and announced she would quit the social media site. jones retweeted and shared several abusive tweets she received monday before telling her 250,000 followers: "i leave twitter tonight with tears and a very sad heart. all this cause i did a movie. you can hate the movie but the s**t i got today... wrong." cast member leslie jones poses at the premiere of the film "ghostbusters" in hollywood, california u.s., july 9, 2016. reuters/mario anzuoni among those banned tuesday was breitbart tech editor milo yiannopoulos, who has been a controversial figure on the site and helped lead the abuse against jones. yiannopoulos did not immediately respond to a request for comment. twitter has long come under criticism for not doing enough to police abusive behavior on the often-freewheeling messaging service. other celebrities have taken issue with abuse on the site, including writer and actress lena dunham, who said in september she had hired someone to tweet on her behalf because it was no longer a "safe space" for her. twitter said in a statement tuesday that it had seen an "uptick" in the number of accounts violating its abuse and harassment policies over the past 48 hours, noting it had enforced its policies either by issuing warnings or permanently suspending users. "we know many people believe we have not done enough to curb this type of behavior on twitter. we agree," twitter said in the statement. "we are continuing to invest heavily in improving our tools and enforcement systems to better allow us to identify and take faster action on abuse as it's happening and prevent repeat offenders." jones, who is also a regular cast member on saturday night live, publicly pondered over several tweets what would prompt people to "spew hate." "i used to wonder why some celebs don't have twitter accts now i know," she wrote in one tweet. in a separate post, she added: "twitter i understand you got free speech i get it. but there has to be some guidelines when you let [hate] spread like that."

it’s* ðət taɪm əˈgɛn, ju gaɪz! ˈglæmər ˈmægəˌzin həz ənˈveɪld ðɛr lɪst əv 2017 ˈwɪmən əv ðə jɪr əˈwɔrd ˈwɪnərz! squee*! mɔr frəm ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ˈtrɪbjun: leive*, editor-in-chief*, kɔld ðɛm dɪˈvərs changemakers”*” hu rɪˈflɛkt ðɪs ənd ɪˈlɛktrɪk jɪr fər women.”*.” ɔl wɪl bi ɔn hænd fər ðə ˈænjuəl əˈwɔrdz naɪt, wɪθ ə ˈsəmɪt ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈʧɛlsi ˈklɪntən, ləˈvərn kɑks, sɪˈsil ˈrɪʧərdz ənd ˈəðər pæst ˈwɪnərz plænd fər ˈərliər ðə seɪm deɪ. ðɪs ɑnərˈiz wɪl bi ˈfiʧərd ɔn ˈməltəpəl ˈglæmər ˈkəvərz ənd ɪn ə sprɛd fər dɪˈsɛmbər. hæv ə lʊk æt səm əv ðiz ɑnərˈiz, ʃæl wi? ˈglæmər ɪz ˈgɪvɪŋ "ˈwʊmən əv ðə jɪr" əˈwɔrd tɪ hu ˈædvəˌkeɪts fər ˈʃɑriə ˈsɪstəm ðət əˈprɛsɪz ˈæmbər ˈæθi (@amber_athey*) ɑkˈtoʊbər 30 2017 hu ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðət ʃi wɪʃt ʃi kʊd teɪk ˈbrɪʤɪt ˈgeɪbriəl ənd ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈʤɛnətəl mˌjutəˈleɪʃən ˈvɪktɪm əˈweɪ. ˈɔkwərd. noʊlz, hu bit əp ɪn ən ˈɛləˌveɪtər, wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi əˈwɔrdɪd ˈæmbər ˈæθi (@amber_athey*) ɑkˈtoʊbər 30 2017 ˈɔkwərd. ənd doʊnt fərˈgɛt səˈmænθə bi, hu meɪd fən əv ə jəŋ mæn fər ˈhævɪŋ "ˈnɑtsi ˈæˌkʧuəli wɑz ʤɪst ˈluzɪŋ hɪz hɛr du tɪ ˈkænsər ˈæmbər ˈæθi (@amber_athey*) ɑkˈtoʊbər 30 2017 ˈɔkwərd. ˈʤiʤi hɑˈdid ɪz ɔn ðɛr ənd ɪz preɪzd fər biɪŋ wɪn ʃi mɑkt trəmps ˈækˌsɛnt? ˈæmbər ˈæθi (@amber_athey*) ɑkˈtoʊbər 30 2017 ˈɔkwərd. ɑr gʊd frɛnd rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. mækˈsin ˈwɔtərz, hu ˈpʊʃɪz trəmps ˌɪmˈpiʧmənt æt hər frɛndz' fˈjunərəlz, wɪl bi ˈgɪtɪŋ ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əˈʧivmənt əˈwɔrd ˈæmbər ˈæθi (@amber_athey*) ɑkˈtoʊbər 30 2017 ˈɔkwərd. 27 ˈwɪmənz mɑrʧ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz ər rɪˈsivɪŋ əˈwɔrdz fər ðɛr greɪt wərk ɪn ɪkˈskludɪŋ ˈwɪmən ˈæmbər ˈæθi (@amber_athey*) ɑkˈtoʊbər 30 2017 ˈɔkwərd. ɪts ˈbeɪsɪkli ə ˈkætəˌlɔg əv ðə wərst ˈwɪmən ˈɛvər. ˈmɑli (@commondecencyyo*) ɑkˈtoʊbər 30 2017 ðɪs ɪz ɔl ˈvɛri ˈɔkwərd, ˈglæmər. wət gɪvz?

it’s that time again, you guys! glamour magazine has unveiled their list of 2017 women of the year award winners! squee! more from the chicago tribune: cindi leive, glamour’s editor-in-chief, called them “wildly diverse changemakers” who reflect this “tumultuous and electric year for women.” all will be on hand for the magazine’s annual awards night, with a summit featuring chelsea clinton, laverne cox, cecile richards and other past winners planned for earlier the same day. this year’s honorees will be featured on multiple glamour covers and in a spread for december. let’s have a look at some of these change-making honorees, shall we? glamour is giving "woman of the year" award to @lsarsour who advocates for sharia law–a system that oppresses womenhttps://t.co/l0ytajwt5i — amber athey (@amber_athey) october 30, 2017 who also said that she wished she could take brigitte gabriel and female genital mutilation victim ayaan hirsi ali’s vaginas away. awkward. solange knowles, who beat jay-z up in an elevator, will also be awarded — amber athey (@amber_athey) october 30, 2017 awkward. and don't forget samantha bee, who made fun of a young man for having "nazi hair"–he actually was just losing his hair due to cancer — amber athey (@amber_athey) october 30, 2017 awkward. gigi hadid is on there and is praised for being pro-immigrant–remember when she mocked melania trump's accent? — amber athey (@amber_athey) october 30, 2017 awkward. our good friend rep. maxine waters, who pushes trump's impeachment at her friends' funerals, will be getting a lifetime achievement award — amber athey (@amber_athey) october 30, 2017 awkward. 27 women's march organizers are receiving awards for their great work in excluding pro-life women — amber athey (@amber_athey) october 30, 2017 awkward. it's basically a catalogue of the worst women ever. — molly (@commondecencyyo) october 30, 2017 this is all very awkward, glamour. what gives?

re-opening* ðə oʊld ˈaɪlənd brɪʤ fər ə cycleway*, ˈwɔkɪŋ pæθ ənd træm ðət kʊd kəˈnɛkt tɪ ɪz wən ˈɔpʃən biɪŋ kənˈsɪdərd tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˈtrænspɔrt lɪŋks tɪ ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld beɪz ˈpriˌsɪŋkt ɪn ˈɪnər ˈsɪdni. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ə ˈfɛri wɔrf nɪr ðə waɪt beɪ paʊər ˈsteɪʃən, wɪʧ ɪt həz sɛd ɪt wɔnts tɪ tərn ˈɪntu ə tɛkˈnɑləʤi həb, ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd bəs leɪnz ɔn ðə brɪʤ, ənd ˈpɑsəbli ə nu ˈmɛˌtroʊ reɪl laɪn θru ðə ˈɛriə. ðiz ˈditeɪlz ˈimərʤ ɪn ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈtaɪtəl "waɪt beɪ paʊər ˈsteɪʃən: ˈtrænspɔrt prəˈpoʊzəlz" priˈpɛrd ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər læst jɪr ənd əbˈteɪnd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən lɔz. ðət ˈstədi wɑz priˈpɛrd tɪ ˌkoʊɪnˈsaɪd wɪθ ə ˈtɛndər ˈprɔˌsɛs ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈrənɪŋ fər ˈkəmpəˌniz tɪ ridɪˈvɛləp ðə oʊld paʊər ˈsteɪʃən. ɪt ɪz ˌəndərˈstʊd tɛkˈnɑləʤi ʤaɪənt ˈgugəl ɪz wən əv ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsteɪʃən ɛz ə ˈloʊkəl hɛd ˈɔfəs.

re-opening the old glebe island bridge for a cycleway, walking path and tram that could connect to balmain is one option being considered to improve transport links to the so-called bays precinct in inner sydney. the government is also considering a ferry wharf near the white bay power station, which it has said it wants to turn into a technology hub, dedicated bus lanes on the anzac bridge, and possibly a new metro rail line through the area. these details emerge in a document title "white bay power station: transport proposals" prepared in october last year and obtained using freedom of information laws. that study was prepared to coincide with a tender process the government is running for companies to redevelop the old power station. it is understood technology giant google is one of a number of companies interested in using the former coal-powered station as a local head office.

ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈpaɪrəsi səks. æsk ˈɛni dɪˈvɛləpər: æp ˈpaɪrəsi ɪz ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈprɑbləm ɔn ˈænˌdrɔɪd, ənd mɔr soʊ ɔn ˈænˌdrɔɪd ðən ɔn ˈəðər ˈmoʊbəl ˈplætˌfɔrmz, θæŋks tɪ ðə ˈrɛlətɪv iz əv ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈgugəl pleɪ stɔr. bət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs ɪz nɑt ˈtərnɪŋ ə blaɪnd aɪ tɪ ˈmoʊbəl ˈpaɪrəsi. ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt ʧɑrʤd fɔr mɛn wɪθ kənˈspɪrəsi tɪ kəˈmɪt ˈkrɪmənəl ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt ˈərliər ðɪs wik ɪn ˈʤɔrʤəz ˈnɔrðərn ˈfɛdərəl ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt. ʤɑn ˈpitərsən, ə frəm ˈflɔrɪdə, wɑz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ wən kaʊnt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. ˈtɑməs ˈælən daɪ 21 ənd ˈnɪkələs ˈænθɔˌni 26 frəm ˈflɔrɪdə ənd ˈtɑməs peɪs 38 frəm ˈɔrəˌgɑn wər ʧɑrʤd ˈsɛpərətli ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ˈpitərsən wɑz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ðə grup" ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn meɪ 2011 ənd ðə ˈəðərz fɔrmd ðə grup" ɪn ˈɔgəst 2010 ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˈkɛri ə ˈmæksəməm ˈsɛntəns əv faɪv jɪrz ɪn ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɪzən. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪsɪz rɪˈpɔrt, ənd dɪˈsɛməˌneɪtəd ˈoʊvər wən ˈmɪljən ˈstoʊlən ˈkɑpiz əv ˈænˌdrɔɪd æps iʧ. boʊθ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt doʊˈmeɪnz əˈlɔŋ wɪθ wər sizd ɔn ˈɔgəst 21st*, 2012 ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, wɪʧ ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɪz ɪz ðə fərst taɪm ðət ðə paʊər tɪ siz doʊˈmeɪnz həz bɪn juzd tɪ faɪt ˈmoʊbəl ˈpaɪrəsi. ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɑz ˈkɛrid aʊt baɪ ðə wɪθ hɛlp frəm ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪz æˈtlæntə fild ˈɔfəs. ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈeɪʤənt ˈrɪˌki ˈmæksˌwɛl hæd ðɪs tɪ seɪ: ðə prəˈtɛkʃən əv ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈprɑpərti ɪz ðə ˈkɔrnərˌstoʊn əv ə fri ˈmɑrkɪt ðət rɪˈwɔrdz ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ənd ˈfɔrwərd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ. ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈʧɑrʤɪz pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ðɪs keɪs ˈɪləˌstreɪts ðə ˈprɑbləmz ˈfeɪsɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤi beɪst ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ənd juz. ˈgəvərnmənt rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðoʊz ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn səʧ ˈhoʊlˌseɪl ˈkrɪmənəl ækˈtɪvɪti ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ðə ˈpaɪrəsi əv ˈkɑpiˌraɪtɪd ˈprɑdəkts. ðoʊ boʊθ ˈwɛbˌsaɪts wər ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ɛz ˈizi ˈsɔrsəz əv ˈpaɪrətɪd æps, ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛm daʊn wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli du ˈlɪtəl tɪ dɪsˈweɪd ˈpaɪrəts, ˈmɛni əv hum ər ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd bɪɔnd ˈjuˈɛs ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən. ˈivɪn naʊ ɪts dɪˈprɛsɪŋli ˈizi tɪ faɪnd əˈnɔθərˌaɪzd ənd krækt faɪlz ˈskætərd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. hɪrz ˈhoʊpɪŋ ðət ðɪs ɪz ˈoʊnli ðə fərst pɑrt əv ə ˈlɑrʤər ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt kæmˈpeɪn. sɔrs:

software piracy sucks. ask any developer: app piracy is a major problem on android, and more so on android than on other mobile platforms, thanks to the relative ease of installing applications outside of the google play store. but the united states department of justice is not turning a blind eye to mobile piracy. the department charged four men with conspiracy to commit criminal copyright infringement earlier this week in georgia's northern federal district court. kody jon peterson, a 22-year-old from florida, was charged with one count on thursday. thomas allen dye (21) and nicholas anthony narbone (26) from florida and thomas pace (38) from oregon were charged separately on friday. peterson was involved with the "snappzmarket group" starting in may 2011, and the others formed the "appbucket group" in august 2010. the charges carry a maximum sentence of five years in federal prison. according to the department of justice's report, snappzmarket.com and appbucket.com disseminated over one million stolen copies of android apps each. both website domains along with applanet.com were seized on august 21st, 2012 as part of the investigation, which the report says is the first time that the doj's power to seize domains has been used to fight mobile piracy. the investigation was carried out by the doj with help from the fbi's atlanta field office. fbi agent ricky maxwell had this to say: the protection of intellectual property is the cornerstone of a free market that rewards innovation and forward thinking. the federal charges presented in this case illustrates the problems facing technology based companies in particular but also highlights the fbi and u.s. government response to those engaged in such wholesale criminal activity involving the piracy of copyrighted products. though both websites were particularly well-known as easy sources of pirated apps, taking them down will probably do little to dissuade pirates, many of whom are located beyond us jurisdiction. even now it's depressingly easy to find unauthorized and cracked apk files scattered across the internet. here's hoping that this is only the first part of a larger anti-copyright infringement campaign. source: justice.gov

ə hu sərˈvaɪvd biɪŋ ʃɑt ɪn ðə hɛd læst ˌʤuˈlaɪ baɪ ə ˈhoʊˌmoʊnər wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ (meɪ 2 ɪn ə ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈbərgləri ɪn ðə, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ tu lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əˈfɪʃəlz. ˈmɑrʃəl ˈkoʊltər wɑz ʃɑt læst ˌʤuˈlaɪ baɪ ˈhoʊˌmoʊnər ˈmɛrɪt ˈlændri, hu ˈleɪtər toʊld pəˈlis hi hɪz hoʊm. ðə əˈfɪʃəlz spoʊk ɔn kənˈdɪʃən əv ˌænəˈnɪmɪti bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wər nɑt ˈɔθərˌaɪzd tɪ spik əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ðeɪ sɛd ˈkoʊltər wɑz dɪˈteɪnd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun baɪ ˈdɪstrɪkt dɪˈtɛktɪvz ˈæftər ə ˈrɛzɪdənt ɪn ðə 2000 blɑk əv rɔɪəl strit ˌriˈpɔrtəd ə ˈbərgləri əv ðɛr hoʊm. ɪt wɑz nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli klɪr haʊ pəˈlis lɪŋkt ɪm tɪ ðə kraɪm. nu ˌɔˈrlinz pəˈlis ˈspoʊksmən ˈɔfɪsər fræŋk ˈrɑbərtsən sɛd ˈɔfɪsərz dɪˈteɪnd ə bɔɪ əraʊnd p.m*. ənd bʊkt ɪm ɔn ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈbərgləri ʧɑrʤ. hi sɛd ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɑz ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ənd ðət noʊ mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wʊd bi ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ. noʊ kɔrt ər ʤeɪl ˈrɛkərdz wər əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ðə keɪs. ðə ˈkoʊltər ˈfæməli kʊd nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli bi riʧt. ə ˈfɔrmər ˈneɪbər sɛd ðeɪ muvd ɪn ˈrisənt mənθs. ˈkoʊltər wɑz lɛft wɪθ ˈsɪriəs ˈɪnʤəriz ˈæftər ðə ˈʃutɪŋ, hɪz ˈfæməli həz sɛd. ˈkoʊltər wɑz stɪl ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə rɪˈmuvəl əv pɑrt əv hɪz skəl, ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər, hɪz ˈməðər toʊld ðə æt ðə taɪm. ʃi sɛd hər sən hæd ˈtrəbəl ˈwɔkɪŋ, ˈtɔkɪŋ ənd ˈitɪŋ. ˈlændri wɑz bʊkt wɪθ əˈtɛmptəd ˈmərdər ðə deɪ əv ðə ˈʃutɪŋ, bət həz nɑt bɪn ʧɑrʤd sɪns. ən ˌɔˈrlinz ˈpɛrɪʃ grænd ˈʤʊri ðə ˈpoʊlərˌaɪzɪŋ ˈlændri keɪs, bət həz nɑt rɪˈtərnd ən ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt. ˌɔˈrlinz ˈpɛrɪʃ ˈdɪstrɪkt əˈtərni liɑn kɑnitˈsɑroʊ həz sɛd hi wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ hɪz taɪm wɪθ ðə keɪs. ˈkoʊltər ɪz blæk; ˈlændri ɪz waɪt. ðə ˌʤuˈlaɪ 26 ˈʃutɪŋ, wɪʧ keɪm ɔn ðə hilz əv ðə nɑt ˈgɪlti ˈvərdɪkt ɪn ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪv ʤɔrʤ ˈmɑrtɪn keɪs ɪn ˈflɔrɪdə, təʧt ɔf ə ˈfaɪrˌstɔrm əv ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi ɪn nu ˌɔˈrlinz. əˈpoʊnənts əˈkjuzd ˈlændri əv ˈoʊvərriˌæktɪŋ wɪθ ˈdɛdli fɔrs; səˈpɔrtərz sɛd hi hæd ðə raɪt tɪ dɪˈfɛnd hɪmˈsɛlf ənd hɪz ˈfæməli. ə ˈbɪldɪŋ ˌɪnˈspɛktər fər ðə hɪˈstɔrɪk ˈdɪstrɪkt ˈlændˌmɑrks kəˈmɪʃən, ˈlændri, 33 toʊld pəˈlis hi wɑz hoʊm wɪθ hɪz ˈprɛgnənt waɪf ənd ˈdɔtər wɪn hi θɔt hi hərd ðə ˈwɪndoʊ ˈʃətərz ɔn hɪz ˈʃɑtˌgən ˈrəsəl ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr 2 a.m*., ə sɔrs kloʊz tɪ ˈlændri sɛd. ˈlændri toʊld pəˈlis ðət hi kənˈfrəntɪd ðə tin ɪn ðə ˈdraɪvˌweɪ ʤɪst ə fju fit frəm ðə ˈhaʊsɪz ˈbækˌdɔr. səm ˈpipəl kloʊz tɪ ˈlændri sɛd ðət hi toʊld ðɛm ðət hi ðɛn jɛld aʊt, "friz! gɪt daʊn!" pəˈlis rɪˈpɔrts ˈsɪmpli steɪt ðət ˈlændri toʊld pəˈlis ðət hi sɔ ðə tin meɪk ə "muv, ɛz ɪf tɪ riʧ fər ˈsəmθɪŋ." pəˈlis ˈrɛkərdz steɪt ðət ˈlændri ðɛn ʃɑt ˈkoʊltər frəm 30 fit əˈweɪ. ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈbʊlət strək ˈkoʊltər ɪn ðə hɛd. ðə tin wɑz rəʃt tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl wɛr hi wɑz ˈlɪstɪd ɛz biɪŋ ɪn ən ˌɪnˈdust ˈkoʊmə fər ˈmɛni wiks ˈleɪtər. ˈlændri sɛd hi bɪˈlivd ðə tin wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ breɪk ˈɪntu hɪz haʊs, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ərˈɛst ˈwɔrənt. dɪˈtɛktɪvz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɛd ðət ðɛr ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ʃoʊd ðət ˈkoʊltər, hu wɑz nɑt ɑrmd, dɪd nɑt poʊz ən "ˈɪmənənt θrɛt" tɪ ˈlændri. dɪˈtɛktɪvz ˈɔlsoʊ spoʊk wɪθ ən ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈwɪtnəs huz əˈkaʊnt ˈdɪfərd frəm ˈlændriz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ərˈɛst ˈwɔrənt. ˈfæməli həz ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈbərgləri ərˈɛsts. ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz æt ðə taɪm əv ðə ˈʃutɪŋ sɛd ˈkoʊltər wɑz əˈweɪtɪŋ traɪəl bət wʊd nɑt seɪ wət ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz wər. ˈbrəðər ˈivɪn wɛnt soʊ fɑr ɛz tɪ kɔl hɪz ˈlɪtəl ˈbrəðər ə "prəˈfɛʃənəl θif," bət sɛd ðət hi wʊd ˈnɛvər pɪk əp ə gən. ˈkrɪstəfər ˈboʊmən, ə ˈspoʊksmən fər kɑnitˈsɑroʊ, dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ. stæf ˈraɪtər ˈhɛlən frund kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt.

a 15-year-old who survived being shot in the head last july by a marigny homeowner was arrested friday (may 2) in a residential burglary in the marigny, according to two law enforcement officials. marshall coulter was shot last july by homeowner merritt landry, who later told police he his home. the officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak about the investigation. they said coulter was detained friday afternoon by 8th district detectives after a resident in the 2000 block of royal street reported a burglary of their home. it was not immediately clear how police linked him to the crime. new orleans police spokesman officer frank robertson iii said officers detained a 15-year-old boy around 3:45 p.m. and booked him on a simple burglary charge. he said the investigation was ongoing and that no more information would be forthcoming. no court or jail records were available in the case. the coulter family could not immediately be reached. a former neighbor said they moved in recent months. coulter was left with serious injuries after the shooting, his family has said. coulter was still including the removal of part of his skull, in december, his mother told nola.com | the times-picayune at the time. she said her son had trouble walking, talking and eating. landry was booked with attempted second-degree murder the day of the shooting, but has not been charged since. an orleans parish grand jury the polarizing landry case, but has not returned an indictment. orleans parish district attorney leon cannizzaro has said he was taking his time with the racially-charged case. coulter is black; landry is white. the july 26 shooting, which came on the heels of the not guilty verdict in the divisive george zimmerman-trayvon martin case in florida, touched off a firestorm of controversy in new orleans. opponents accused landry of overreacting with deadly force; supporters said he had the right to defend himself and his family. a building inspector for the historic district landmarks commission, landry, 33, told police he was home with his pregnant wife and 2-year-old daughter when he thought he heard the window shutters on his single-story shotgun rustle shortly before 2 a.m., a source close to landry said. landry told police that he confronted the teen in the driveway just a few feet from the house's backdoor. some people close to landry said that he told them that he then yelled out, "freeze! get down!" police reports simply state that landry told police that he saw the teen make a "move, as if to reach for something." police records state that landry then shot coulter from 30 feet away. a single bullet struck coulter in the head. the teen was rushed to the hospital where he was listed as being in an induced coma for many weeks later. landry said he believed the teen was trying to break into his house, according to the arrest warrant. detectives, however, said that their investigation showed that coulter, who was not armed, did not pose an "imminent threat" to landry. detectives also spoke with an unidentified witness whose account differed from landry's, according to the arrest warrant. coulter's family has acknowledged the teen's history of burglary arrests. family members at the time of the shooting said coulter was awaiting trial but would not say what the charges were. coulter's brother even went so far as to call his little brother a "professional thief," but said that he would never pick up a gun. christopher bowman, a spokesman for cannizzaro, declined to comment friday evening. staff writer helen freund contributed to this report.

"θæŋks fər ˈstɑpɪŋ baɪ! ɪf ju hæv mɪst ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, pliz kəm ənd ˈvɪzɪt ˈjuˈɛs æt lunatik.com*, ðə nu hoʊm əv -- wɛr ju ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈleɪtəst nuz, ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd ˈpərʧəs ˈprɑdəkt. wi hoʊp ju wɪl ˈfɑloʊ ɑr ˈprɑˌgrɛs! ər ju kən ʧɛk aʊt ɑr nu ˈprɑʤɛkt, ðə priˈsɪʒən prəˈtɛkʃən fər ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn 4 ənd ˈaɪˌfoʊn 5 ˈwɪlsən ənd ðə ˈmɪnəməl ˈwɪlsən ənd ðə ˈmɪnəməl tim" haɪ! θæŋks fər ˈʧɛkɪŋ aʊt ɑr ˈprɑʤɛkt. wɪθ jʊr hɛlp wi wʊd ləv tɪ meɪk ɑr aɪˈdiə ə ˌriˈæləˌti ənd gɪt ðɛm ɔn ɛz ˈmɛni rɪsts ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ənd ˈsɪmpli ˈtrænsfɔrm ðə ˈaɪˌpɔd ˈnɑnoʊ ˈɪntu ðə wərldz ˈkuləst ˈwɑʧɪz. ðə aɪˈdiə tɪ juz ðə ˈnɑnoʊ ɛz ə wɔʧ wɑz ən ˈɑbviəs wən ˈɛvər sɪns ðə ˈprɑdəkt wɑz əˈnaʊnst. bət wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kriˈeɪt ə kəˈlɛkʃən ðət wɑz wɛl dɪˈzaɪnd, ˌɛnʤəˈnird ənd ˌmænjəˈfækʧərd frəm ˈprimiəm məˈtɪriəlz ənd ðət ˈkɑmpləˌmɛntɪd ðə ˌɪmˈpɛkəbəl kˈwɑləti əv ˈæpəl ˈprɑdəkts. nɑt ʤɪst klɪpt ɔn ə ʧip stræp ɛz ən ˈæftərˌθɔt. wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈprɑdəkt ðət jʊr frɛndz ənd ˈstreɪnʤərz wʊd stɑp ju ənd æsk ɪz ðət??? ənd wɛr kən aɪ gɪt wən?!" ɪz ə ˈsɪmpəl dɪˈzaɪn. ɪt əˈlaʊz ðə ˈjuzər tɪ ˈizəli ənd sɪˈkjʊrli snæp ðə ˈnɑnoʊ ˈɪntu ðə rɪst dɑk. ɪt ˈklinli ənd ˈsɪmpli ˈɪnəˌgreɪts ðə ˈnɑnoʊ ənd trænsˈfɔrmz ɪt ˈɪntu ə ˈmɑdərn ˈtaɪmˌpis. ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd ənd ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi ə ˈprimiəm kənˈvərʒən kɪt fər ˈsəmˌwən ðət wɔnts tɪ ˈdɛdəˌkeɪt ðɛr ˈnɑnoʊ tɪ biɪŋ ə wɔʧ ənd ðə nuəst ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən pis wɪθ ðɛr frɛndz. ɪt ɪz fɔrʤd frəm ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs greɪd əˈlumənəm ənd ðɛn məˈʃind ˈviə ˈɪntu ɪts ˈfaɪnəl fɔrm. ðə stræps ər meɪd frəm haɪ greɪd ˈsɪləˌkoʊn ˈrəbər ənd ðə ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ɪz ˈsɑləd ˈsteɪnləs stil nɑt səm kroʊm ˈpleɪtɪd bræs ðət wɪl wɛr ɔf. ðə kˈwɑləti əv ðiz wɔʧ ˈkeɪsɪz ənd stræps wɪl bi ˈskrutəˌnaɪzd ˈvɛri ˈkɛrfəli ənd prəˈdust ɪn ðə seɪm ˈfæktəriz ðət ˈproʊdus ðə bɛst ˈwɑʧɪz fər ˈkəmpəˌniz laɪk ˈnɪksən, ˈdizəl, ˈvɛstəl, ənd ˈnaɪki. soʊ ˈmɛni wɔʧ ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv ˈstrəgəld tɪ meɪk ə ˈkələr dɪˈspleɪ wɔʧ tɪ deɪt. ɪt ɪz noʊ smɔl tæsk. ðə ˈnɑnoʊ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz ən ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ˈwəndər., ˈkələr dɪˈspleɪ, lɔŋ ˈbætəri laɪf, ˈreɪdiˌoʊ, ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, pedometer*, ˈnaɪki+ ənd klɑk ɔl ɪn ən ˌɪmˈpɑsəbli smɔl ˈpækɪʤ. ʤɪst laɪk ˌriɪnˈvɛntɪŋ ðə foʊn ɪt tʊk ˈæpəl tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl. ənd ɪn klɑk moʊd ðə ˈnɑnoʊ ˈbætəri læsts æt list ə wik ˌbiˈfɔr riˈʧɑrʤɪŋ. wi ər ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ hɛlp kəmˈplit ðə ˈɛfərt ɪn kənˈvərtɪŋ ɪt tɪ ə wɔʧ ðət ˈɛvriˌwən kən ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ. soʊ hir ɪz wɛr ju kəm ɪn. dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ˈprɑdəkts ɪz wət wi, ˈmɪnəməl, du ənd fər bɪg brændz. bət laɪk moʊst dɪˈzaɪnərz ɑr drim ɪz tɪ ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli meɪk ɑr oʊn ˈprɑdəkts. bət ˈfəndɪŋ, ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ənd dɪˈstrɪbjutɪŋ ə nu ˈprɑdəkt ɪz ə hoʊl ˈəðər ˈstɔri. ɪz ə greɪt weɪ fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ˈmɛni əv ðə aɪˈdiəz ðət wi hæv ɪn ɑr smɔl ˈstudiˌoʊ ðət wi noʊ ˈpipəl wɪl ləv bət bɪg ˈkəmpəˌniz ər skɛrd tɪ du. wi ləv kriˈeɪtɪŋ kul stəf wɪˈθaʊt ðə bɪg ˈkəmpəˌni ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd ˌɪndɪˈsɪʒən. wi bɪˈliv ɪn ðə ˈimərʤɪŋ paʊər əv kəmˈjunɪti ənd ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl tɪ brɪŋ aɪˈdiəz tɪ laɪf ənd wi hoʊp ðət ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ. baɪ ˈplɛʤɪŋ æt list 25 ju ər ər baɪ ˈplɛʤɪŋ 50 ju ər ðə ənd ˈhɛlpɪŋ meɪk wət wi bɪˈliv ɪz ə ˈvɛri kul ˈaɪˌpɔd ækˈsɛsəri ə ˌriˈæləˌti. ənd ɪf ju plɛʤ æt ðə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪˈdɪʃən ˈlɛvəlz ju wɪl gɪt wən əv ðə rɛd ˈbækər ˈvərʒənz. wɪθ jʊr səˈpɔrt wi ər ˈtɑrgətɪŋ tɪ hæv ðə ˈʃɪpɪŋ tɪ ˈbækərz baɪ leɪt dɪˈsɛmbər ənd ðə baɪ mɪd ˈʤænjuˌɛri. wi hoʊp ðət ju ər ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ənd ɪkˈsaɪtɪd baɪ ðə aɪˈdiə ənd ʧuz tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ˈiðər weɪ pliz sprɛd ðə wərd ənd ʃɛr wɪθ jʊr frɛndz. ˈɛvriˌwən həz æt list wən frɛnd ðət ɪz ə wɔʧ gik. θæŋk ju! noʊt: wɪl ˈriˌteɪl fər ənd wɪl ˈriˌteɪl fər ˈaɪˌpɔd ˈnɑnoʊ nɑt ˌɪnˈkludɪd. ˈaɪˌpɔd ˈnɑnoʊ, ˈæpəl ˈloʊgoʊ ənd ˈæpəl ər ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈtreɪdˌmɑrks əv ˈæpəl ɪŋk.

"thanks for stopping by! if you have missed the tiktok+lunatik project, please come and visit us at lunatik.com, the new home of tiktok + lunatik-- where you check out the latest news, updates and purchase product. we hope you will follow our progress! or you can check out our new kickstarter project, the taktik precision protection for the iphone 4 and iphone 5 —scott wilson and the minimal team—scott wilson and the minimal team" hi! thanks for checking out our project. with your help we would love to make our idea a reality and get them on as many wrists as possible. tiktok and lunatik simply transform the ipod nano into the world's coolest multi-touch watches. the idea to use the nano as a watch was an obvious one ever since the product was announced. but we wanted to create a collection that was well designed, engineered and manufactured from premium materials and that complemented the impeccable quality of apple products. not just clipped on a cheap strap as an afterthought. we wanted to create a product that your friends and strangers would stop you and ask "wtf is that??? and where can i get one?!" tiktok is a simple snap-in design. it allows the user to easily and securely snap the nano into the wrist dock. it cleanly and simply integrates the nano and transforms it into a modern multifunction timepiece. lunatik is designed and intended to be a premium conversion kit for someone that wants to dedicate their nano to being a watch and the newest conversation piece with their friends. it is forged from aerospace grade aluminum and then machined via cnc into its final form. the straps are made from high grade silicone rubber and the hardware is solid stainless steel not some chrome plated brass that will wear off. the quality of these watch cases and straps will be scrutinized very carefully and produced in the same factories that produce the best watches for companies like nixon, diesel, vestal, and nike. so many watch companies have struggled to make a multi-touch color display watch to date. it is no small task. the nano itself is an engineering wonder. multi-touch, color display, long battery life, mp3, radio, photos, pedometer, nike+ and clock all in an impossibly small package. just like reinventing the phone it took apple to make it possible. and in clock mode the nano battery lasts at least a week before recharging. we are excited to help complete the effort in converting it to a watch that everyone can enjoy. so here is where you come in. designing products is what we, minimal, do day-in and day-out for big brands. but like most designers our dream is to eventually make our own products. but funding, manufacturing and distributing a new product is a whole other story. kickstarter is a great way for us to realize many of the ideas that we have in our small studio that we know people will love but big companies are scared to do. we love creating cool stuff without the big company politics and indecision. we believe in the emerging power of community and the individual to bring ideas to life and we hope that this is just the beginning. by pledging at least $25 you are pre-ordering tiktok or by pledging $50 you are pre-ordering the lunatik and helping make what we believe is a very cool ipod accessory a reality. and if you pledge at the limited edition levels you will get one of the red anodized backer versions. with your support we are targeting to have the tiktok shipping to backers by late december and the lunatik by mid january. we hope that you are inspired and excited by the idea and choose to support the project. either way please spread the word and share with your friends. everyone has at least one friend that is a watch geek. thank you! note: tiktok will retail for $34.95 and lunatik will retail for $69.95. ipod nano not included. ipod nano, apple logo and apple are registered trademarks of apple inc.

fifty-eight* ˈpipəl hæv bɪn ərˈɛstɪd ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz fər ˈsɛkʃuəl ɛkˈstɔrʃən ˈoʊvər ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt, ˈloʊkəl pəˈlis ənd ˈɪntərˌpoʊl hæv əˈnaʊnst. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz sɛd ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðət ðə rɪŋ lʊrd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd ˈəðər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈjuzərz ˈɪntu ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ənd rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ baʊts əv "ˈsaɪbərˌsɛks" wɪθ wət ðeɪ θɔt wər jəŋ, əˈtræktɪv ˈwɪmən, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz tɪ ˈblækˌmeɪl ðɛm. ˈsænʤeɪ, əv ˈdɪʤɪtəl kraɪm ˈsɛntər, sɛd ðɪs taɪp əv ɛkˈstɔrʃən wɑz ˈpræktɪst ɔn ə juʤ, ˈgloʊbəl skeɪl. "ðə ˈnɛtˌwərks rən wɪθ ʤɪst wən goʊl ɪn maɪnd tɪ meɪk ˈməni rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðə ˈtɛrəbəl ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈdæmɪʤ ðeɪ ˌɪnˈflɪkt ɔn ðɛr ˈvɪktɪmz. ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ɪz ə rɪˈflɛkʃən əv soʊˈsaɪɪti boʊθ gʊd ənd bæd. ðɪs ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ʃoʊz ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈhaɪdɪŋ pleɪs... noʊ ˈmætər wɛr ˈkrɪmənəlz ˈkɛri aʊt ðɛr kraɪmz." ˈælən, ə ˈfɪləˌpin pəˈlis ʧif, sɛd ðə 58 ˌfɪləˈpinoʊz ərˈɛstɪd wʊd bi ʧɑrʤd wɪθ kraɪmz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ʧaɪld pɔrˈnɑgrəfi, ɛkˈstɔrʃən ənd frɔd. sɛd ðə ˈkɑnfədɛns trɪk ˈtɪpɪkəli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ə "ˈwʊmən" ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ˈpipəl ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈviə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd ˈəðər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. ˈæftər ˈgɪtɪŋ əkˈweɪnɪd wɪθ ðə ˈvɪktɪmz... ðeɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ˈsaɪbərˌsɛks, ənd ðɪs wɪl bi rɪˈkɔrdɪd ənˈnoʊn tɪ ðə ˈvɪktɪmz. ˈsænʤeɪ, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈdɪʤɪtəl kraɪm ˈsɛntər. "ˈæftər ˈgɪtɪŋ əkˈweɪnɪd wɪθ ðə ˈvɪktɪmz... ðeɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ˈsaɪbərˌsɛks, ənd ðɪs wɪl bi rɪˈkɔrdɪd ənˈnoʊn tɪ ðə ˈvɪktɪmz," hi sɛd, ˈædɪŋ wər juzd tɪ ˈrɛkərd ˈsɛkʃuəli ɪkˈsplɪsət ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz ənd ˈækʃənz. "ðeɪ ðɛn θˈrɛtən tɪ riˈlis ɪt tɪ frɛndz ənd ˈrɛlətɪvz." səˈvɪr ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz sɛd ˈvɪktɪmz peɪd bɪtˈwin ˈhənərdz ər ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈdɔlərz, ˈsɛndɪŋ ðɛr ˈpeɪmənts ˈviə ˈtrænsfər rəˈmɪtəns ˈkəmpəˌniz. waɪl hi sɛd ˈɛldərli mɛn wər ˈɔfən ˈtɑrgətɪd, ˈmaɪnərz wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈvɪktɪmz. dɪˈtɛktɪv ʧif ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈgɛri ˈkənɪŋˌhæm, frəm ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ pəˈlis ˈfɔrsɪz ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən tim, sɛd ə ˈtiˌneɪʤər ɪn ˈskɑtlənd hæd kəˈmɪtɪd ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ˈæftər biɪŋ ɛkˈstɔrtɪd. ˈkənɪŋˌhæm sɛd ðə ˈvɪktɪm wɑz 17 wɪn hi daɪd. mɔr ðən 530 ˈpipəl ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg, ˈmɛni ˈeɪʤɪd bɪtˈwin 20 ənd 30 hæv ˈfɑlən ˈvɪktɪm tɪ ðə trɪk sɪns ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv læst jɪr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ luɪs kwɑn, ə ʧif ˌɪnˈspɛktər ɪn ðə ˈtɛrɪˌtɔriz kəˈmərʃəl kraɪm ˈbjʊroʊ. kwɑn sɛd hɔŋ kɔŋg ˈvɪktɪmz hæd peɪd əp tɪ ɪn ˈdɛspərɪt əˈtɛmpts tɪ kip ðə ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪŋ məˈtɪriəl ˈpraɪvət, ənd hæd bɪn fɔrst tɪ peɪ ˈməltəpəl taɪmz ənˈtɪl ðeɪ kʊd peɪ noʊ ˈlɔŋgər. ˈgloʊbəl skæm ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əˈθɔrətiz ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz wɑz nɑt ðə həb əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl skæmz, ˈoʊnli ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən hæd ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒən ˈneɪʃən. "ðiz kraɪmz ər nɑt ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ˈɛni wən ˈkəntri ənd nɔr ər ðə ˈvɪktɪmz. ðæts waɪ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪn ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðiz kraɪmz ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəl," sɛd. sɛd əˈθɔrətiz frəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, hɔŋ kɔŋg, ˈɪntərˌpoʊl, ˈskɑtlənd, ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr ənd ɔˈstreɪljə læst jɪr ɪˈstæblɪʃt "ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən strikeback*", wɪʧ lɛd tɪ ðə 58 ərˈɛsts.

fifty-eight people have been arrested in the philippines for sexual extortion over the internet, local police and interpol have announced. investigators said on friday that the ring lured facebook and other social media users into engaging in and recording bouts of "cybersex" with what they thought were young, attractive women, before using the images to blackmail them. sanjay virmani, of interpol's digital crime centre, said this type of extortion was practised on a huge, global scale. "the networks run with just one goal in mind - to make money regardless of the terrible emotional damage they inflict on their victims. the internet is a reflection of society - both good and bad. this operation shows that there is no hiding place... no matter where criminals carry out their crimes." alan purisima, a philippine police chief, said the 58 filipinos arrested would be charged with crimes including child pornography, extortion and fraud. purisima said the confidence trick typically involved a "woman" making contact with people overseas via facebook and other social media. after getting acquainted with the victims... they engage in cybersex, and this will be recorded unknown to the victims. sanjay virmani, director of interpol's digital crime centre. "after getting acquainted with the victims... they engage in cybersex, and this will be recorded unknown to the victims," he said, adding webcams were used to record sexually explicit conversations and actions. "they then threaten to release it to friends and relatives." severe consequences purisima said victims paid between hundreds or thousands of dollars, sending their payments via transfer remittance companies. while he said elderly men were often targeted, minors were also victims. detective chief inspector gary cunningham, from the scottish police force's major investigation team, said a teenager in scotland had committed suicide after being extorted. cunningham said the victim was 17 when he died. more than 530 people in hong kong, many aged between 20 and 30, have fallen victim to the trick since the beginning of last year, according to louis kwan, a chief inspector in the territory's commercial crime bureau. kwan said hong kong victims had paid up to $15,000 in desperate attempts to keep the sexually compromising material private, and had been forced to pay multiple times until they could pay no longer. global scam however, authorities emphasised the philippines was not the hub of the global scams, only that the current investigation had focused on the southeast asian nation. "these crimes are not limited to any one country and nor are the victims. that's why international co-operation in investigating these crimes is essential," interpol's virmani said. purisima said authorities from the united states, hong kong, interpol, scotland, singapore and australia last year established "operation strikeback", which led to the 58 arrests.

ˈwɛlkəm tɪ əˈnəðər ɪˈdɪʃən əv nɛkst wik ɔn, wɛr wi ˈkəvər ðə greɪt geɪmz ˈkəmɪŋ sun tɪ wən. ðɪs wik wi hæv əˈnəðər bæʧ əv kˈwɑləti ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈkɑntɛnt fər ju tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ɔn wən laɪk ˌrɛvəˈluʃən, ðə gɔlf kləb 2 ənd ˈmɑrvəl ˈhɪroʊz oʊˈmɛgə tɪ neɪm ʤɪst ə fju. laɪk ˈɛvəri wik, waɪər wɪl bi hir tɪ lɛt ju noʊ wɪn ju kən pleɪ ðiz geɪmz ənd mɔr ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ deɪz ɔn wən. soʊ, wɪˈθaʊt ˈfərðər dɪˈleɪ, teɪk ə lʊk æt ˈkəmɪŋ sun wɪθ nɛkst wik ɔn! ðə gɔlf kləb 2 ʤun 27 wɪθ ˈsəmər ɪn fʊl swɪŋ noʊ ˈbɛtər taɪm tɪ sɪt daʊn ənd gɔlf! wɪθ ˈbɛtər dɪˈzaɪn tulz, mɔr ˌriəˈlɪstɪk əˈpoʊnənts, ənd kəmˈjunɪti ˈfiʧərz laɪk gɔlf səˈsaɪɪtiz wɛr ju ənd jʊr frɛndz kən pleɪ əˈgɛnst iʧ ˈəðər (nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ˈəðər pleɪərz), ðə gɔlf kləb 2 ˌɪmˈpruvz əˈpɑn ən ɔˈrɛdi greɪt gɔlf geɪm ɔn wən. ˈfaɪnəl ˈfænəsi: ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ʤun 27 ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd frəm ðə grup ənd əˈloʊn ɪn ðə ˈɑrtɪk, faɪts tɪ dɪˈskəvər ðə truθ əv hɪz ˈɔrəʤən. teɪk daʊn ˈɛnəmiz wɪθ bəˈzukəz, raɪd ðə sˈnoʊmoʊˌbil, ənd snæp ˈsɛlˌfiz əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ! ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈfænəsi ˈsizən pæs. ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ʤun 27 wɪθ ən ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ˈstɔri fʊl əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnˈtrig, ə ˈbætəl ˈsɪstəm ðət ˈmɪksɪz ˈrilˌtaɪm ˈkɑmbæt ənd ˈtæktɪkəl ˈstrætəʤi, ə ˈgɔrʤəs ˈvɪʒəwəl staɪl, ənd mɔr, ˌrɛvəˈluʃən wɪl ˌɪˈmərs pleɪərz ˈɪntu ðə frənt laɪnz əv ə ˈdɛspərɪt wɔr. ʤun 28 ə ˈfiʧərɪŋ tu kɪdz ɔn ə grænd ədˈvɛnʧər tɪ ənˈrævəl ðə ˈmɪstəriz əv ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ gloʊb. ɪkˈsplɔr ənˈʧɑrtɪd lændz, kəmˈpit ɪn ˈʧælənʤ ˈlɛvəlz, mit kˈwərki ˈkɛrɪktərz ənd dɪˈfit ˈkɑmɪkəl ˈkriʧərz ɔn ə ˈʤərni tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈmæstər ɪkˈsplɔrər. ˈkreɪzi straɪk ˈboʊlɪŋ ɛks ʤun 28 ə ˈfæməli ˈfrɛndli ˈboʊlɪŋ geɪm ˈfiʧərɪŋ staɪl ˈkɛrɪktərz ənd ˈwæki ˈboʊlɪŋ ˈæliz. pleɪ ɛz ˌeɪˈdɛn, ˈmɪstər. ˈʤɛŋkɪnz ər ˈəðər kjut ˈkɛrɪktərz ənd pleɪ ɪn səʧ juˈnik loʊˈkeɪʃənz laɪk ðə ˈpɪrəmɪdz əv ˈiʤɪpt ər ðə ˈæməˌzɑn ˈraɪnˌfɔrəst. ˈmɑrvəl ˈhɪroʊz oʊˈmɛgə ʤun 30 wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈgæðərɪŋz əv ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ˌsupərˈhiroʊz, ˈvɪlənz, ənd loʊˈkeɪʃənz frəm ðə ˈmɑrvəl ˈjunəˌvərs ɪn ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈhɪstəri. bænd təˈgɛðər wɪθ ˈfɛloʊ ədˈvɛnʧərərz ɪn ˈmaɪtiəst ˈækʃən, teɪk ðə faɪt tɪ ˈdɔktər dum ɪn ən ˈɛpɪk ˈstɔri kæmˈpeɪn, ənd ɪkˈspɪriəns jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈhɪroʊz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkæptən əˈmɛrɪkə, aɪərn mæn, ˈspaɪdərmæn, ˌwʊlvərˈin, deadpool*, ənd mɔr! goʊst əv ə teɪl (geɪm ˈprivˌju) ʤun 30 pleɪ ɛz tilo*, ə maʊs ənd ˈmɪnstrəl θroʊn ˈɪntu ə ˈpɛrələs ədˈvɛnʧər. goʊst əv ə teɪl ɪz ən ˈækʃən wɛr ju məst juz stɛlθ ənd ˈkənɪŋ tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ðə ˈsikrɪts əv dˈwɪndəlɪŋ haɪts kip ənd səkˈsɛsfəli ˈnævəˌgeɪt (ənd sərˈvaɪv) ɪts ˈmɛni ˈdeɪnʤərz. ʤun 30 ɪn ðɪs ˈækʃən, jʊr ˈmɪʃən ɪz tɪ faɪnd ənd rɪˈtərn ðə naɪn prɪˈmɔrdiəl ˈɪnstrəmənts tɪ rɪˈstɔr ˈbæləns tɪ ðə wərld. sɑlv ˈpəzəlz, kəmˈplit kwɛsts, ənd dɪˈfit ˈbɔsɪz ɪn ðɪs ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv geɪm ɔn wən. gəˈlaɪəθ ʤun 30 ˈwɛlkəm tɪ ðə wərld əv gəˈlaɪəθ, ən əˈbaʊt ˈkræftɪŋ ʤaɪənt ˈroʊˌbəts ənd ˈpənʧɪŋ ˈmɑnstərz ɪn ðə feɪs. ˈskævənʤ ənd ɪkˈsplɔr ruɪnd ˈbɪldɪŋz frəm əˈmɛrɪkə ðət ʃɛr speɪs wɪθ rɛkt ˈpaɪrət ʃɪps ənd ðə ˌoʊvərˈgroʊn rɪˈmeɪnz əv ˈspeɪsˌʃɪps frəm ə fˈjuʧər. faɪnd ðə ˈaɪtəmz ju nid tɪ kræft tulz ənd ˈwɛpənz ðət wɪl hɛlp ju ˈivɪn ðə ɑd əˈgɛnst ðə ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˈkriʧərz ju kənˈfrənt.

welcome to another edition of next week on xbox, where we cover the great games coming soon to xbox one. this week we have another batch of quality gaming content for you to enjoy on xbox one like valkyria revolution, the golf club 2, and marvel heroes omega to name just a few. like every week, xbox wire will be here to let you know when you can play these games and more in the coming days on xbox one. so, without further delay, let’s take a look at what’s coming soon with next week on xbox! the golf club 2 – june 27 with summer in full swing there’s no better time to sit down and golf! with better design tools, more realistic opponents, and community features like golf societies where you and your friends can play against each other (not to mention other players), the golf club 2 improves upon an already great golf game on xbox one. final fantasy xv: episode prompto – june 27 separated from the group and alone in the arctic, prompto fights to discover the truth of his origin. take down enemies with bazookas, ride the snowmobile, and snap selfies along the way! included as part of the final fantasy xv season pass. valkyria revolution – june 27 with an engaging story full of political intrigue, a battle system that mixes real-time combat and tactical strategy, a gorgeous visual style, and more, valkyria revolution will immerse players into the front lines of a desperate war. poi – june 28 a 3d platformer featuring two kids on a grand adventure to unravel the mysteries of the milky way globe. explore uncharted lands, compete in challenge levels, meet quirky characters and defeat comical creatures on a journey to become a master explorer. crazy strike bowling ex – june 28 a family friendly bowling game featuring anime style characters and wacky bowling alleys. play as aiden, mr. jenkins or other cute characters and play in such unique locations like the pyramids of egypt or the amazon rainforest. marvel heroes omega – june 30 one of the largest gatherings of iconic superheroes, villains, and locations from the marvel universe in gaming history. band together with fellow adventurers in earth’s mightiest action rpg, take the fight to doctor doom in an epic nine-chapter story campaign, and experience your favorite heroes, including captain america, iron man, spider-man, wolverine, deadpool, and more! ghost of a tale (game preview) – june 30 play as tilo, a mouse and minstrel thrown into a perilous adventure. ghost of a tale is an action rpg where you must use stealth and cunning to explore the secrets of dwindling heights keep and successfully navigate (and survive) its many dangers. aerea – june 30 in this music-themed action rpg, your mission is to find and return the nine primordial instruments to restore balance to the world. solve puzzles, complete quests, and defeat bosses in this innovative game on xbox one. goliath – june 30 welcome to the world of goliath, an action-adventure about crafting giant robots and punching monsters in the face. scavenge and explore ruined buildings from 1930s america that share space with wrecked pirate ships and the overgrown remains of spaceships from a far-flung future. find the items you need to craft tools and weapons that will help you even the odd against the enormous creatures you confront.

wɪn ˌɪnˈdɪrə ˈgɑndi, praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər, dɪˈklɛrd ə steɪt əv ˈimərʤənsi ɔn ʤun 25 1975 ʃi ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˌɪmˈpoʊzd strɪkt ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp əv ðə prɛs. wɪθ dɪˈfaɪənt ɪkˈsɛpʃənz, məʧ əv ðə prɛs keɪvd ɪn kˈwɪkli tɪ ðə nu rulz, ˈprɑmptɪŋ l.k*. ædˈvɑni, wən əv ðə ˈfaʊndərz əv ðə ʤəˈnɑtə ˈpɑrti, hu wɑz ʤeɪld ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈimərʤənsi, tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ˈleɪtər: wər ˈmɪrli æst tɪ bɛnd, bət ju ʧoʊz tɪ crawl.”*.” prɛs ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp simz tɪ bi bæk wɪθ ə ˈvɛnʤəns ɪn ˈɪndiə, ðɪs taɪm ˌɪmˈpoʊzd nɑt baɪ dɪˈrɛkt ˈgəvərnmənt faɪæt bət baɪ ˈpaʊərfəl ˈpraɪvət ˈoʊnərz ənd ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz. fərst, ðɛr wər ðə foʊn kɔlz rɪˈkɔrdɪd baɪ tæks ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ɪn 2009 bɪtˈwin radia*, ə ˈlɑbiəst fər səm əv moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz, ənd ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈmidiə ɪˈlit ðət rɪˈvild ə ˈkoʊzi riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə tu. læst jɪr, ðə ˈstændɪŋ kəˈmɪti ɔn ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈɪʃud ɪts rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ðə ˈskændəl əv news,”*,” ɪn wɪʧ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz baɪ ˈkəvərɪʤ. mɔr ˈrisəntli, ˈmidiə ˈoʊnərz ər ˈbrɪŋɪŋ dɪˈrɛkt ˈprɛʃər ɔn ˈʤərnəlɪsts tɪ kərb rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ər ʧeɪnʤ ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. ˈsɛvərəl ˈprɑmənənt ˈʤərnəlɪsts hæv bɪn pʊʃt aʊt əv ðɛr ʤɑbz ər hæv rɪˈzaɪnd ɪn ˈproʊˌtɛst bɪˈkəz ðeɪ rɪfˈjuzd tɪ goʊ əˈlɔŋ. ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər, lɛft ðə ˈhɪnˌdu ˈæftər ðə ˈoʊnər tʊk ˈoʊvər ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. sɪŋ bæl wɑz faɪərd baɪ ˈoʊpən ˈmægəˌzin ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər ˈoʊvər ðə ˈproʊˌtɛsts əv hɪz ˈɛdɪtər, ˈmɑˌnu ˈʤoʊzəf, hu hɪmˈsɛlf rɪˈzaɪnd ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ pʊld ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔf ɪts ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ðɪs mənθ baɪ ˈrænə ðət wɑz ˈkrɪtɪkəl əv praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər əˈpɔɪntmənt əv ˌɑˈmit ʃɑ tɪ hɛd ðə ʤəˈnɑtə ˈpɑrti, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ˈmərdər, əˈməŋ ˈəðər kraɪmz, fər wɪʧ ˈmɪstər. ʃɑ ɪz stɪl ˈtɛknɪkəli ɔn traɪəl.

when indira gandhi, india’s prime minister, declared a state of emergency on june 25, 1975, she immediately imposed strict censorship of the press. with defiant exceptions, much of the press caved in quickly to the new rules, prompting l.k. advani, one of the founders of the bharatiya janata party, who was jailed during the emergency, to comment later: “you were merely asked to bend, but you chose to crawl.” press censorship seems to be back with a vengeance in india, this time imposed not by direct government fiat but by powerful private owners and politicians. first, there were the phone calls recorded by tax investigators in 2009 between niira radia, a lobbyist for some of india’s most powerful corporations, and members of the media elite that revealed a dismayingly cozy relationship between the two. last year, the parliament’s standing committee on information technology issued its report on the scandal of “paid news,” in which political parties buy coverage. more recently, media owners are bringing direct pressure on journalists to curb reporting or change editorial direction. several prominent journalists have been pushed out of their jobs or have resigned in protest because they refused to go along. in october, siddharth varadarajan left the hindu after the newspaper’s owner took over editorial direction. hartosh singh bal was fired by open magazine in november over the protests of his editor, manu joseph, who himself resigned in january. the newspaper dna pulled an article off its website this month by rana ayyub that was critical of prime minister narendra modi’s appointment of amit shah to head the bharatiya janata party, citing the charges of murder, among other crimes, for which mr. shah is still technically on trial.

ˌbiˈfɔr ˈstɪmjələnt drəgz səʧ ɛz ˈrɪtəlɪn, ənd bɪˈgæn ðɛr raɪz tɪ ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti ɪn ðə 1970s*, ˈtritmənt fər ˌhaɪpərækˈtɪvɪti dɪˈsɔrdər (adhd*) ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈθɛrəpi. bət ɛz kənˈsərnz bɪld ˈoʊvər ðə ˈmaʊntɪŋ ˈdoʊsɪʤɪz ənd ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈtritmənt ˈpɪriədz ðət kəm wɪθ ˈstɪmjələnt drəgz, ˈklɪnɪkəl ˈrisərʧərz ər riˈvɪzɪtɪŋ bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈθɛrəpi tɛkˈniks. wɛˈræz ˈstɪmjələnt ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz meɪ hɛlp jəŋ ˈpeɪʃənz ˈfoʊkɪs ənd bɪˈheɪv ɪn ðə ˈklæsˌrum, ˈrisərʧ naʊ səˈʤɛsts ðət biˈheɪvjərəli beɪst ˈʧeɪnʤɪz meɪk mɔr əv ə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm. ə nu ˈsɪnθəsəs əv bɪˈheɪvjərəl, ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ənd ˌfɑrməkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈfaɪndɪŋz ˈimərʤd æt ðə ˈrisənt ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl baɪˈɑləʤi ˈmitɪŋ, hɛld læst mənθ ɪn sæn diˈeɪgoʊ, wɛr ˈɛkspərts ɪn ˈrisərʧ ənd ˈtritmənt ˈgæðərd tɪ ˈprɛzənt ðɛr wərk. ðɛr ˈfaɪndɪŋz səˈʤɛst ðət bɪˈheɪvjərəl ənd ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ˈθɛrəpiz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn rɪˈdusɪŋ ənd ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈpɑzətɪv ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈhæbəts meɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ˈkɑrənt haɪ ˈdoʊsɪz əv ˈstɪmjələnt ˈtritmənt ɪn ˈʧɪldrən ənd jəŋ ˈædəlts. ˈrisənt ˈsərˌveɪz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət 9 pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ðə juz. hæv bɪn ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ. ðə kɔr ˈsɪmptəmz ˌɪnˈklud ˌhaɪpərækˈtɪvɪti, ˌɪnəˈtɛnʧən, ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ pərˈfɔrm məˈnɑtənəs tæsks ənd læk əv ˌɪmˈpəls kənˈtroʊl. ˈʧɪldrən wɪθ hæv ˈtrəbəl ɪn skul ənd ˈfɔrmɪŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps, ənd 60 pərˈsɛnt wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈsəfər frəm ðə dɪˈsɔrdər wɛl ˈɪntu əˈdəlˌthʊd. ɛz əv 2007 ˈmɪljən juz. ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˌædəˈlɛsənts wɪθ wər biɪŋ ˈtritɪd wɪθ ˈstɪmjələnt drəgz. bət nu ˈrisərʧ rɪˈvilz ðət ðiz drəgz ər nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ðə ˌpænəˈsiə ðeɪ hæv bɪn θɔt tɪ bi. saɪˈkɑləʤəst klɛr əv luˌiziˈænə steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti həz bɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə ˈifɛkts əv ˈstɪmjələnt ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənts tɪ si wət ˌɪmˈpruvz wɪθ ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən ənd wət dɪz nɑt. ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd, ʃi faʊnd ðət ˈpipəl ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ hæd loʊər greɪdz ənd ækt (əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈtɛstɪŋ) skɔrz; ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ drɑpt mɔr ˈklæsɪz ðən ðɛr pɪrz. bət ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət ðiz ˈɪʃuz wər nɑt ˌɪmˈpruvd baɪ ˈstɪmjələnt ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən ˈtritmənt. ˌɪnˈstɛd, nu ˈfaɪndɪŋz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðə ˈstudənts ˈnæʧərəli dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntu ðoʊz hu hæd gʊd ˈstədi ˈhæbəts ənd ðoʊz hu dɪd nɑt, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈtritmənt. ɪf ˈstudənts hæd gʊd ˈstədi ˈhæbəts, ðeɪ dɪd nɑt nid ðə ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən tɪ ˈboʊlstər ðɛr greɪdz. ɪt ɪz nɑt ðət ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən həz noʊ ˈifɛkt, ðət "ɪt meɪ bi ðət ðə ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz kən hɛlp, nɑt ɪn ˈhɛlpɪŋ ju rɪˈmɛmbər, bət ɪn ˈhɛlpɪŋ ju fɔrm ðə gʊd ˈstədi ˈhæbəts" ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˌɪmˈpruvmənt. ðɪs ˈaʊtˌkəm səˈʤɛsts ðət ɪf ˈpeɪʃənz kʊd lərn gʊd ˈstədi ˈhæbəts ˈərli ɔn, ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən kʊd bɪˈkəm lɛs ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ˈəðər ˈrisərʧ həz ɪgˈzæmənd ðə roʊl əv bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃənz nɑt ˈoʊnli fər ˈʧɪldrən, bət ˈɔlsoʊ fər ðɛr ˈpɛrənts. ˈpɛrənts əv ˈʧɪldrən wɪθ tɛnd tɪ ɪgˈzɪbɪt mɔr strɛs ənd ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ðən du ðoʊz əv ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ. ˈæftər ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈpɛrənts ɪn strɛs ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd ˈgɪvɪŋ ðɛm bɪˈheɪvjərəl tulz tɪ hɛlp ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən, saɪˈkɑləʤəst bɪl ˈpɛləm əv ˈflɔrɪdə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd hɪz ˈkɑligz sɔ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn ðɛr ˈʧɪldrənz bɪˈheɪvjər, səʧ ɛz ðə ˈfrikwənsi əv ˈklæsˌrum dɪˈstərbənsɪz. ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli, ˈpɛləm həz ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊn ðət bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈθɛrəpi fər ˈʧɪldrən ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈdust ˈifɛkts ðət wər ˈikwəl tɪ səm ˈdoʊsɪz əv ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən. hɪz ˈdætə səˈʤɛsts ðət loʊər ˈdoʊsɪʤɪz kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈθɛrəpi meɪ prəˈvaɪd ə fɑr ˈbɛtər ˈaʊtˌkəm ðən ˈstɪmjələnt ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən ər bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈθɛrəpiz əˈloʊn. ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ˈθɛrəpiz meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ bust ˌɪmˈpruvmənt: ɪn ə 2011 wən ʃˈwaɪtsər ənd ˈkɑligz ɪn ðə sɪˈkaɪətri ənd bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈsaɪənsɪz dɪˈpɑrtmənt ənd ðə maɪnd ˈɪnstɪˌtut æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈdeɪvɪs, ʃoʊd ðət ˈʧɪldrən wɪθ ʃoʊ ˈɛkstrə ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn breɪn ˈɛriəz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ "task-irrelevant*" ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈwərkɪŋ ˈmɛməri tæsks (ðoʊz ðət dɪˈpɛnd ɔn wənz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ hoʊld ənd ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈrizənɪŋ ənd ˈriˌkɔl), səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ðeɪ hæv lɛs ɪˈfɪʃənt ˈkɑgnɪtɪv kənˈtroʊl. nu ənˈpəblɪʃt rɪˈzəlts frəm tim hæv ʃoʊn ðət ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ˈθɛrəpi kʊd ˌɪmˈpruv kənˈtroʊl, əˈgɛn pəˈtɛnʃəli rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə nid fər ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən tɪ "draʊn aʊt" ɛkˈstreɪniəs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən., ʃˈwaɪtsər, ˈpɛləm ənd ˈəðər ˈsaɪəntɪsts æt ðɪs jɪrz əˈgrid ðət bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈθɛrəpiz dɪˈzərv ðɛr rɪˈnud ˈfoʊkɪs. ðiz ˈθɛrəpiz kriˈeɪt noʊ ənd kəm wɪθ noʊ kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt fˈjuʧər ˈsəbstəns əˈbjuz. ðə trɪk wɪl bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ wɪʧ əv ðə nu ˈθɛrəpiz ɪz moʊst ˈifɛktɪv, ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðoʊz ˈθɛrəpiz əˈfɔrdəbəl. fər naʊ, ˈstɪmjələnt ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz ər məʧ ˈʧipər ənd ækt ˈfæstər ðən bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈθɛrəpi, ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˈlætər meɪ bi ðə moʊst ˈifɛktɪv ɪn ðə lɔŋ rən. bət ˈɛkspərts ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈpɛrənts noʊ ðət ðə lɔŋ rən ɪz wət ˈmætərz moʊst.

before stimulant drugs such as ritalin, concerta and adderall began their rise to popularity in the 1970s, treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) focused on behavioral therapy. but as concerns build over the mounting dosages and extended treatment periods that come with stimulant drugs, clinical researchers are revisiting behavioral therapy techniques. whereas stimulant medications may help young patients focus and behave in the classroom, research now suggests that behaviorally based changes make more of a difference in the long-term. a new synthesis of behavioral, cognitive and pharmacological findings emerged at the recent experimental biology meeting, held last month in san diego, where experts in adhd research and treatment gathered to present their work. their findings suggest that behavioral and cognitive therapies focused on reducing impulsivity and reinforcing positive long-term habits may be able to replace current high doses of stimulant treatment in children and young adults. recent surveys indicate that 9 percent of all children in the u.s. have been diagnosed with adhd. the condition's core symptoms include hyperactivity, inattention, inability to perform monotonous tasks and lack of impulse control. children with adhd have trouble in school and forming relationships, and 60 percent will continue to suffer from the disorder well into adulthood. as of 2007, 2.7 million u.s. children and adolescents with adhd were being treated with stimulant drugs. but new research reveals that these drugs are not necessarily the panacea they have been thought to be. psychologist claire advokat of louisiana state university has been looking at the effects of stimulant medications in college students to see what improves with medication and what does not. as expected, she found that people diagnosed with adhd had lower grades and act (american college testing) scores; they also dropped more classes than their peers. but she also found that these issues were not improved by stimulant medication treatment. instead, advokat’s new findings indicate that the adhd students naturally divided into those who had good study habits and those who did not, regardless of treatment. if students had good study habits, they did not need the medication to bolster their grades. it is not that medication has no effect, advokat hypothesizes that "it may be that the medications can help, not in helping you remember, but in helping you form the good study habits" necessary for academic improvement. this outcome suggests that if adhd patients could learn good study habits early on, medication could become less necessary. other research has examined the role of behavioral interventions not only for school-age children, but also for their parents. parents of children with adhd tend to exhibit more parenting-related stress and difficulties than do those of non-afflicted offspring. after training parents in stress management and giving them behavioral tools to help their children, psychologist bill pelham of florida international university and his colleagues saw significant improvement in their children's adhd-related behavior, such as the frequency of classroom disturbances. independently, pelham has also shown that behavioral therapy for children also produced effects that were equal to some doses of medication. his data suggests that lower dosages combined with behavioral therapy may provide a far better outcome than stimulant medication or behavioral therapies alone. cognitive therapies may also boost improvement: in a 2011 plos one paper,julie schweitzer and colleagues in the psychiatry and behavioral sciences department and the mind institute at the university of california, davis, showed that children with adhd show extra activity in brain areas associated with "task-irrelevant" information during working memory tasks (those that depend on one's ability to hold and focus on information for immediate reasoning and recall), suggesting that they have less efficient cognitive control. new unpublished results from schweitzer’s team have shown that cognitive therapy could improve control, again potentially reducing the need for medication to "drown out" extraneous information. advokat, schweitzer, pelham and other scientists at this year's confab agreed that behavioral therapies deserve their renewed focus. these therapies create no drug-tolerance and come with no concerns about future substance abuse. the trick will be identifying which of the new therapies is most effective, and making those therapies affordable. for now, stimulant medications are much cheaper and act faster than behavioral therapy, even if the latter may be the most effective in the long run. but experts as well as parents know that the long run is what matters most.

ɛz rɪˈbɛljən ˌɪˈrəpts wəns əˈgɛn ɪn ˈfərgəsən ɛz wɛl ɛz ɪn st*. luɪs ˈsɪti, fəndz ər ˈərʤəntli ˈnidɪd tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˈrɛbəlz ərˈɛstɪd. ˌɪˈnɪʃəl rɪˈpɔrts səˈʤɛst æt list 61 ˈpipəl wər ərˈɛstɪd læst naɪt, ənd wi ɪkˈspɛkt ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈnəmbər ɪz haɪər ənd wɪl tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ groʊ ɛz ðə wik ənˈfoʊldz. pliz sprɛd ðə wərd ˈwaɪdli ənd hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs gɪt səm ˈməni təˈgɛðər tɪ gɪt ðiz ˈpipəl aʊt. ɔl fəndz kəˈlɛktəd wɪl bi juzd tɪ səˈpɔrt ðoʊz ərˈɛstɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə beɪl ˈməni, faɪnz, ˈligəl fəndz, ər ˈəðər rɪˈleɪtɪd ɪkˈspɛnsɪz. ɪn ðə ənˈlaɪkli ɪˈvɛnt ðət ðɛr ər əˈdɪʃənəl fəndz, ðeɪ wɪl bi juzd tɪ səˈpɔrt ˈpipəl rɪˈzɪstɪŋ pəˈlis riˈprɛʃən ənd pəˈlis ˈvaɪələns ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. pliz ˈdoʊˌneɪt wət ju kən tɪ ðə beɪl fənd ɪˈstæblɪʃt baɪ məˈzʊriənz ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ fər rɪˈfɔrm ənd ɪmˈpaʊərmənt.

as rebellion erupts once again in ferguson as well as in st. louis city, funds are urgently needed to support the rebels arrested. initial reports suggest at least 61 people were arrested last night, and we expect the actual number is higher and will to continue to grow as the week unfolds. please spread the word widely and help us get some money together to get these people out. all funds collected will be used to support those arrested during the demonstrations–their bail money, fines, legal funds, or other related expenses. in the unlikely event that there are additional funds, they will be used to support people resisting police repression and police violence in the future. please donate what you can to the bail fund established by missourians organizing for reform and empowerment.

mæn, 57 ʃɑt dɛd ɔn sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ strit ɪn brɔd ˈdeɪˌlaɪt ˈflæʃɪŋ laɪts ɔn pəˈlis kɑr ˈflæʃɪŋ laɪts ɔn pəˈlis kɑr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈstɛfənz ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈstɛfənz ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈɪmɪʤ 1 əv 1 ˈkæpʃən kloʊz mæn, 57 ʃɑt dɛd ɔn sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ strit ɪn brɔd ˈdeɪˌlaɪt 1 1 bæk tɪ ˈgæləri ə sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ mæn wɑz kɪld baɪ ˈgənˌfaɪər ɪn brɔd ˈdeɪˌlaɪt ˈsənˌdi, ʤɪst tu blɑks əˈweɪ frəm sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ haɪ skul, pəˈlis sɛd ˈtuzˌdeɪ. ðə ˈvɪktɪm, ˈɛdwərd ˌgɑrˈsiə jr*., wɑz faʊnd laɪɪŋ ɪn ðə roʊd ɪn ðə ˈɛriə əv nɔrθ ənd ist ˈʤuljən strits ɪn sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ əˈbaʊt p.m*., əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd. hi wɑz ˈteɪkən tɪ ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, wɛr hi wɑz prəˈnaʊnst dɛd, pəˈlis sɛd. pəˈlis hæv nɑt meɪd ˈɛni ərˈɛsts ər riˈlist ə dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ˈɛni ˈsəˌspɛkt. ˈɛniˌwən wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈʃutɪŋ meɪ kɔl dɪˈtɛktɪvz æt 408 ˈkɪmbərli ɪz ə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈkrɑnɪkəl stæf ˈraɪtər. iˈmeɪl: tˈwɪtər:

man, 57, shot dead on san jose street in broad daylight flashing lights on police car flashing lights on police car photo: jacom stephens / getty images photo: jacom stephens / getty images image 1 of / 1 caption close man, 57, shot dead on san jose street in broad daylight 1 / 1 back to gallery a san jose man was killed by gunfire in broad daylight sunday, just two blocks away from san jose high school, police said tuesday. the victim, 57-year-old edward garcia jr., was found lying in the road in the area of north 26th and east julian streets in san jose about 2:45 p.m., officials said. he was taken to a nearby hospital, where he was pronounced dead, police said. police have not made any arrests or released a description of any suspect. anyone with information about the shooting may call detectives at (408) 277-5283. kimberly veklerov is a san francisco chronicle staff writer. email: kveklerov@sfchronicle.com twitter: kveklerov

ˈmaɪkəl goʊv həz rɪfˈjuzd tɪ seɪ ˈwɛðər ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd kʊd gɪt əˈnəðər kæʃ ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃən ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər ˈæftər ðə ˈtɔˌriz əˈgrid ə dil wɪθ ðə tɪ steɪ ɪn paʊər. ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri dɑʤd kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ɔn ˈwɛðər ðeɪ kʊd kəm bæk ənd æsk fər mɔr ˈməni, ˈæftər ə ˈnəmbər əv tɔp pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈfɪgjərz vɔɪst ðɛr kənˈsərnz. 4 ˈmaɪkəl goʊv dɑʤd ə kˈwɛʃən ɔn ˈwɛðər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd gɪv ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd əˈnəðər ˈpeɪmənt ɪn fˈjuʧər ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz 4 ðə saɪnd ə dil wɪθ ðə kənˈsərvətɪvz ɪn ˈdaʊnɪŋ strit ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɪstər goʊv toʊld ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˈændru mɑr ʃoʊ ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɑz ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd du ðə "juˈnik ˈprɑbləmz" ðə ˈkəntri hæd, ənd ɪt wɑz ˈwɛlkəmd baɪ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈspɛktrəm. hi sɛd ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪt "bəŋ" fər ðə wɑz ˌɔnˈfɛr bɪˈkəz ðə ˈməni wʊd bi goʊɪŋ tɪ hɛlp ɔl ˈvoʊtərz ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd. "ðɪs ˈməni ˈkrɔsɪz ɔl sɛkˈtɛriən dɪˈvaɪdz əv ðə pæst," hi sɛd, ənd ɪt wɑz "kwaɪt raɪt tɪ praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪz pɑrts əv ðə ˈkəntri wɪʧ hæv ˈsəfərd," ˈmɪstər goʊv sɛd. bət ɛks ˈtrɛʒəri əˈfɪʃəl nɪk məkˈfɪrsən sɛd ðə wʊd bi "bæk fər mɔr". hi sɛd læst wik ðət ðə dil wɪʧ kən bi rivˈjud ˈɛvəri tu jɪrz wɑz ʤɪst ə "ˌdaʊnˈpeɪmənt". ˈfɔrmər ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˈhoʊpfəl ˈmɪstər goʊv, hu wɑz ˈrisəntli brɔt bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈkæbənət baɪ ˈmɪsɪz meɪ, sɛd təˈdeɪ: "bəŋ ˌɪmˈplaɪz ðət ðɪs ˈməni ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə ɔn ðɛr oʊn, ə ˈpɑrtəzən dil. ɪts nɑt, ɪts əˈbaʊt ˈstrɛŋθənɪŋ ðə hoʊl ənd ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈpipəl ɪn wən əv ɪts moʊst ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈɛriəz. "ɪt ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli raɪt ðət ˈæftər ə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, wi ʃʊd hæv ðə ʧæns tɪ ˌrivˈju haʊ wi hɛlp ðə moʊst ˈvəlnərəbəl ɪn ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti. "ðə ˈməni goʊ tɪ ðə. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ goʊz tɪ sɪn feɪn ˈvoʊtərz, əˈlaɪəns ˈvoʊtərz, ˈvoʊtərz, ðə ˈpipəl əv ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd." moʊst rɛd ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks soʊ ˈbreɪzən ˈmaɪgrənts sˈnikɪŋ ˈɪntu kɔl 999 ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz ðeɪ doʊnt fɪr biɪŋ sɛnt hoʊm bæn aɪr ˈʤɛrəˌmi spɑrks fˈjʊri baɪ seɪɪŋ ðɛrz noʊ 'ˈɛvədəns' tɪ bæk ˌhɛzbɑˈlə bæn ɪkˈsklusɪv aʊt fɔrst tɪ əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz fər ˈhaɪdɪŋ ˈfribi trɪp peɪd fər baɪ grup ˈpɑrtiz 'tu ˈsɑri' ˈkraɪsəs seɪɪŋ bɪn 'tu əˌpɑləˈʤɛtɪk' ɪkˈsklusɪv wɛr ˈkrɛdɪts du sɛt fər ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈkrɛdɪt bust bət ˈəðərz plənʤd ˈɪntu ˈpɑvərti weɪʤ wɔr gɪt ðə ˈloʊˌdaʊn ɔn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈlɪvɪŋ weɪʤ ənd ðə əˈmaʊnt ju ər ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ flaɪɪŋ ˈtɛnʧənz piɛm rɪsks roʊz baɪ ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈiʤɪpt ðət flaɪt bæn tɪ ʃɑrm ɛl ʃik məst steɪ mɑkt fər ˈɔrdərɪŋ ˈsæləd ˈbɑtəld ˈwɔtər æt 'məst du ˈbɛtər' wət ɪz ðə ˈleɪbər roʊ ənd waɪ ər pəˈlis ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ? ˈrədi aʊˈtreɪʤəs sæk rəd ˈoʊvər dɪˈleɪ θrɛt, fˈjʊriəs ˈkæbənət ˈkɑligz dɪˈmænd ˈæftər tərˈisə meɪ feɪld tɪ wɪn ə məˈʤɔrəti æt læst mənθs ɪˈlɛkʃən, ʃi wɑz fɔrst tɪ du ə dil wɪθ ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈpɑrti ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈgɪvɪŋ ðɛm ɪn ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt fər roʊdz, skulz, ðə hɛlθ ˈsərvɪs ənd ˈəðər ˈprɑʤɛkts. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ə ˈprɑməs nɑt tɪ skræp ðə ˈtrɪpəl lɑk ɔn ˈpɛnʃənz, ənd tɪ kip ðə ˈwɪntər fjuəl ˈpeɪmənts ɪn pleɪs, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈɪnˌkəm boʊθ əv wɪʧ wər sɛt tɪ bi dɪʧt baɪ ðə ˈtɔˌriz ˈæftər ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən. "wi wɔnt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðə ɛz ə hoʊl ɪz ˈstrɔŋgər," ˈmɪstər goʊv sɛd ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ. "wi ər ˈɔlsoʊ ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət ˈpɛnʃənərz ər prəˈtɛktɪd, ðə ˈtrɪpəl lɑk ɪz ðɛr, ˈwɪntər fjuəl ˈpeɪmənts ər ɪn pleɪs. "ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðɪs dil, ˈpipəl ɔl əˈkrɔs ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt. aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ˈɛnibədi, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈleɪbər ˈpɑrti, θɪŋks wi ˈʃʊdənt ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd." 4 ðə tru kɔst əv ðə dil kʊd bi məʧ mɔr rɛks ˈfiʧərz 4 ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈmaɪkəl goʊv wɑz brɔt bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈkæbənət læst mənθ ðə ˈsənˌdi taɪmz ˌriˈpɔrtəd təˈdeɪ ðət ˈmɪstər goʊv ˌɪˈnɪʃəli θɔt ə foʊn kɔl ˈsəmənɪŋ ɪm tɪ ˈnəmbər 10 tɪ riˈʤɔɪn ðə ˈkæbənət wɑz ə "wind-up*". hi ðɛn rɪˈsivd ə ˈsɛkənd kɔl ˈæskɪŋ ɪm tɪ mit ə ˈsɪvəl ˈsərvənt nɪr ˈwaɪˌthɔl. ˈmɪstər goʊv toʊld ðə ˈpeɪpər: "aɪ ðɛn θɔt ðɪs ɪz ə ˈmæsɪv wind-up*. "dɑm ˈʤoʊli həz bɪn riˈhaɪərd tɪ du ˈtrɪgər ˈhæpi ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ənd aɪ wɪl wɔk θru ðə ˈəndərˌpæs ənd ðɛr wɪl bi ə ʤaɪənt ɪnˈfleɪtəbəl rɛd bɑks ənd ðeɪ wɪl seɪ 'ˈgɑʧə!'.

michael gove has refused to say whether northern ireland could get another cash injection in the future - after the tories agreed a £1.5bn deal with the dup to stay in power. the environment secretary dodged questioning on whether they could come back and ask for more money, after a number of top political figures voiced their concerns. 4 michael gove dodged a question on whether the government would give northern ireland another payment in future getty images 4 the dup signed a deal with the conservatives in downing street on monday mr gove told the bbc's andrew marr show this morning that the government was investing in northern ireland due the "unique problems" the country had, and it was welcomed by politicians across the spectrum. he said calling it "bung" for the dup was unfair because the money would be going to help all voters in northern ireland. "this money crosses all sectarian divides of the past," he said, and it was "quite right to prioritize parts of the country which have suffered," mr gove said. but ex treasury official nick macpherson said the dup would be "back for more". he said last week that the deal - which can be reviewed every two years - was just a "downpayment". former leadership hopeful mr gove, who was recently brought back into the cabinet by mrs may, said today: "bung implies that this money is going to the dup on their own, a partisan deal. its not, it's about strengthening the whole uk and helping people in one of its most vulnerable areas. "it is absolutely right that after a general election, we should have the chance to review how we help the most vulnerable in our society. "the money doesn’t go to the dup. it also goes to sinn fein voters, alliance voters, sdlp voters, the people of northern ireland." most read in politics so brazen migrants sneaking into uk call 999 themselves as they don't fear being sent home hez ban ire jeremy corbyn sparks fury by saying there's no 'evidence' to back hezbollah ban exclusive corb out corbyn forced to apologise for hiding freebie nyc trip paid for by anti-nuke group party's 'too sorry' mp reignites anti-semitism crisis saying labour's been 'too apologetic' exclusive where credit's due 4m set for £3k universal credit boost - but others plunged into poverty wage war get the lowdown on the national living wage and the amount you are entitled to flying tensions pm risks rows by telling egypt that flight ban to sharm el sheikh must stay tiggers trolled party-split mps mocked for ordering salad & bottled water at nando's 'must do better' what is the labour anti-semitism row and why are police investigating? ruddy outrageous sack rudd over brexit delay threat, furious cabinet colleagues demand after theresa may failed to win a majority at last month's election, she was forced to do a deal with the northern irish party in order to remain in no10. that involved giving them £1.5billion in investment - for roads, schools, the health service and other projects. it also involved a promise not to scrap the triple lock on pensions, and to keep the winter fuel payments in place, regardless of income - both of which were set to be ditched by the tories after the election. "we want to make sure the uk as a whole is stronger," mr gove said this morning. "we are also ensuring that pensioners are protected, the triple lock is there, winter fuel payments are in place. "as a result of this deal, people all across the uk benefit. i don't think anybody, including the labour party, thinks we shouldn't invest in northern ireland." 4 the true cost of the dup deal could be much more rex features 4 environment secretary michael gove was brought back into the cabinet last month the sunday times reported today that mr gove initially thought a phone call summoning him to number 10 to rejoin the cabinet was a "wind-up". he then received a second call asking him to meet a civil servant near whitehall. mr gove told the paper: "i then thought this is a massive wind-up. "dom joly has been rehired to do trigger happy tv and i will walk through the underpass and there will be a giant inflatable red box and they will say 'gotcha!'.

ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈaɪlənd. fər ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, si ˈlæŋgwɪʤ fər ðə ˈsɪriən fɪlm əv moʊˈhɑmɛd malas*, si fər ðə fɪlm, si (fɪlm), noʊn ˈloʊkəli ɛz motu*, ɪz ən ˈaɪlənd ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə ˈbɪzˌmɑrk si əˈkrɔs ðə ˈstɛfən streɪt frəm ɔn ðə ˌnɔrˈθist koʊst əv ˈmeɪnˌlænd ˈpæpjuə nu ˈdɪstrɪkt. ðə ˈaɪlənd ɪz 10 ˈkɪləˌmitərz waɪd, ənd wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ækˈtɪvɪti əv ðə vɑlˈkeɪnoʊ, wən əv ðə moʊst ˈæktɪv. ɪt wɑz ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd ɪn 2004 ənd ɪts ˈrɛzɪdənts riˈsɛtəld ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ˈpæpjuə nu ˈgɪni, bət ˈmɛni hæv ˈbeɪgən tɪ rɪˈtərn dɪˈspaɪt kənˈsərnz əv fˈjuʧər vɑlˈkænɪk ækˈtɪvɪti. ʤiˈɑləʤi ˈɛdət lɑrʤ æʃ plum frəm vɑlˈkeɪnoʊ, noʊˈvɛmbər 2004 ɪz ə stratovolcano*, ənd dɪˈspaɪt rɪˈmɑrkəbli səˈmɛtrɪkəl loʊər flæŋks həz fɔr dɪˈstɪŋkt ˈvæliz, ˈloʊkəli noʊn ɛz "ˈævəˌlænʧ ˈvæliz" du tɪ ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ˈævəˌlænʧɪz ənd ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli floʊz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd æt ðə ˈsəmɪt. ðiz ˈvæliz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə ˈɛriəz ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌɪˈrəpʃənz, ənd, wɪn ðə ˈaɪlənd wɑz ˌɪnˈhæbətəd, wər ˈtɪpɪkəli ðə fərst ˈɛriəz tɪ bi ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈhaɪtənd ækˈtɪvɪti. ðə ˈərliəst ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ˌɪˈrəpʃən əv wɑz ɪn ˈhɪstəri ˈɛdət ðə fərst rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈsaɪtɪŋ baɪ ˌjʊrəˈpiənz əv ˈaɪlənd wɑz baɪ ðə ˈspænɪʃ ˈnævəˌgeɪtər də ɔn 5 ˈɔgəst 1545 wɪn ɔn bɔrd əv ðə sæn wɑn traɪd tɪ rɪˈtərn frəm tɪ nu ˌɪˈrəpʃənz ənd ˈhæzərdz ˈɛdət ˈθərˈtin ˈloʊkəl ˈrɛzɪdənts wər kɪld ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˌɪˈrəpʃən ɔn 3 dɪˈsɛmbər 1996 wɪn floʊz riʧt ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ əv ˈnidɪd] ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2004 ə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪˈrəpʃən fɔrst ðə ˈimərʤənsi ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən əv ˈoʊvər ˌɪnˈhæbɪtənts əv ðə ˈaɪlənd. ðə ˌɪˈrəpʃən bɪˈgæn ɑkˈtoʊbər 24 bət wɑz nɑt sin ɛz ə ˈmeɪʤər θrɛt ənˈtɪl ðə wɪnd ʧeɪnʤd ˈpʊʃɪŋ æʃ ənd dəˈbri təˈwɔrdz ˌɪnˈhæbətəd ˈɛriəz. faɪv ˈpipəl daɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌɪˈrəpʃən. ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 11 ðə θrɛt wɑz ˈdaʊnˈgreɪdəd du tɪ ə rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn ækˈtɪvɪti. ðɛr hæv bɪn sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈprɑbləmz æt ɔn ðə ˈmeɪnˌlænd wɛr ðə ɪˈvækjuiz riˈsɛtəld ɪn kæmps æt mangem*, ənd ɪn mɑrʧ 2007 ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əv ˈpæpjuə nu ˈgɪni meɪd ə lɑrʤ ˈɛriə əv lænd əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt riˈsɛtəlmənt əv dɪˈspleɪst ˈaɪləndərz æt nɪr. ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn mɑrʧ 2007 θri ˈpipəl wər kɪld baɪ ˈmədslaɪdz ɔn ðə ˈnɔrðərn pɑrt əv ðə ˈaɪlənd. ɛz əv 2014 æt list ˈpipəl hæv rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə ˈaɪlənd dɪˈspaɪt kənˈtɪnjud ˈgəvərnmənt kənˈsərnz fər ðɛr ˈnidɪd] mæp əv ˈmænəmə ənd əˈʤeɪsənt koʊst ˈrɛzɪdənts ˈɛdət ˈaɪləndərz hæv ðɛr oʊn ˈlæŋgwɪʤ kɔld paɪl (ˈlɪtərəli tɔk"), wɪʧ ɪz ˈspoʊkən ɔn ənd ðə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈaɪləndz. ˈaɪləndərz hæv ə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən ɪn ˈpæpjuə nu ˈgɪni fər mjuˈzɪʃənʃɪp ənd hæv prəˈdust ˈsɛvərəl ˈloʊkəli rɪˈnaʊnd ˈnidɪd] si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət

this article is about the island. for the manam language, see manam language . for the syrian film of mohammad malas, see al-manam . for the film, see manam (film) manam, known locally as manam motu, is an island located in the bismarck sea across the stephan strait from yawar on the northeast coast of mainland papua new guinea's bogia district. the island is 10 kilometers wide, and was created by the activity of the manam volcano, one of the country’s most active. it was evacuated in 2004 and its residents resettled elsewhere in papua new guinea, but many have begun to return despite concerns of future volcanic activity. geology [ edit ] large ash plume from manam volcano, november 2004 manam is a basaltic-andesitic stratovolcano, and despite remarkably symmetrical lower flanks has four distinct valleys, locally known as "avalanche valleys" due to their ability to focus avalanches and particularly pyroclastic flows generated at the summit. these valleys represent the highest-risk areas during eruptions, and, when the island was inhabited, were typically the first areas to be evacuated during heightened activity. the earliest documented eruption of manam was in 1616.[1] history [ edit ] the first recorded sighting by europeans of manam island was by the spanish navigator iñigo órtiz de retes on 5 august 1545 when on board of the carrack san juan tried to return from tidore to new spain.[4] eruptions and hazards [ edit ] thirteen local residents were killed during an eruption on 3 december 1996, when pyroclastic flows reached the village of budua.[citation needed] in november 2004, a major eruption forced the emergency evacuation of over 9,000 inhabitants of the island. the eruption began october 24 but was not seen as a major threat until the wind changed pushing ash and debris towards inhabited areas. five people died during the eruption. on december 11, the threat was downgraded due to a reduction in activity. there have been significant problems at bogia on the mainland where the evacuees resettled in camps at mangem, asarumba and potsdam.[5] in march 2007 the government of papua new guinea made a large area of land available for permanent resettlement of displaced islanders at andarum near bogia. also in march 2007, three people were killed by mudslides on the northern part of the island. as of 2014, at least 2000-3000 people have returned to the island despite continued government concerns for their safety.[citation needed] map of manama and adjacent coast residents [ edit ] manam islanders have their own language called manam pile (literally "manam talk"), which is spoken on manam and the nearby boisa islands. manam islanders have a reputation in papua new guinea for musicianship and have produced several locally renowned musicians.[citation needed] see also [ edit ]

ɪt ɪz kwaɪt ˈizi tɪ dɪˈspɛr æt ðə steɪt əv ˈpɛrɪʃ ˈwɛbˌsaɪts. ðeɪ ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz sim tɪ bi ən ˈæftərˌθɔt ənd soʊ ˈɔfən sim tɪ bi stək ə ˈdɛkeɪd bɪˈhaɪnd ɪn wɛb dɪˈzaɪn. ɛz fɑnd əv trəˈdɪʃən ɛz wi ˈkæθlɪks ər, ðɪs dɪz nɑt əˈplaɪ tɪ ˈaʊtˌdeɪtɪd wɛb dɪˈzaɪn wɪθ ə ˈʤioʊ ˈsɪtiz lʊk. ɪn maɪ oʊn ˈdaɪəˌsiz aɪ faʊnd wən ˈpɛrɪʃ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ðət ɪz ˈivɪn kloʊz tɪ əkˈsɛptəbəl ənd ˈæˌkʧuəli siɪŋ ə ˈkɑrənt ˈbʊlɪtən ɪz ˈvɛri hɪt ənd mɪs. wi kən əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðoʊz dɪr soʊlz hu ər ˈjuʒəwəli ðə wənz ðət ˌvɑlənˈtɪrd ðɛr taɪm tɪ kriˈeɪt ənd ˈəpˌdeɪt ə ˈpɛrɪʃ saɪt ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ˈpɛrɪʃɪz hæv soʊ ˈmɛni dɪˈmændz ɔn ðɛm ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli peɪɪŋ fər ˈsəmˌwən tɪ ə ˈpɛrɪʃ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ɪz ˌəndərˈstændəbli loʊ ɔn ðə lɪst. ðoʊ ənˈlɛs ˈsəmˌbɑdi wɪθ səm dɪˈgri əv wɛb dɪˈzaɪn prəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz jʊr ˈprɪti məʧ gɪt wət ju peɪ fər wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ fri. daɪˈɑsəsən ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ər ˈnɔrməli məʧ ˈbɛtər, bət laɪk ɔl θɪŋz kən reɪnʤ ɪn quality/functionality*. ðɪs ɪz waɪ aɪ ləv tɪ si θɪŋz laɪk ðɪs ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv frənt ðə ˈɑrʧˈdaɪəsəs əv ˈbɔstən ɔn kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈɛksələnt ˈpɛrɪʃ websites.”*.” ðeɪ hæv ə 2 aʊər dɪˈskəʃən ɔn ðɪs ˈtɑpɪk əˈlɔŋ wɪθ lɪŋks tɪ ðə ˈhænˌdaʊts ðeɪ juzd. ðə ˈɑrʧˈdaɪəsəs əv ˈbɔstən ɪz ə ˈpɑzətɪv ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ə ˈdaɪəˌsiz ðət həz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈjuzɪŋ ˈmidiə ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ nu ˈmidiə tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt.

it is quite easy to despair at the state of parish websites. they almost always seem to be an afterthought and so often seem to be stuck a decade behind in web design. as fond of tradition as we catholics are, this does not apply to outdated web design with a geo cities look. in my own diocese i haven’t found one parish website that is even close to acceptable and actually seeing a current bulletin is very hit and miss. we can appreciate those dear souls who are usually the ones that volunteered their time to create and update a parish site in the first place. parishes have so many demands on them that actually paying for someone to design/maintain a parish website is understandably low on the list. though unless somebody with some degree of web design professionalism volunteers your pretty much get what you pay for when it comes to free. diocesan websites are normally much better, but like all things can range in quality/functionality. this is why i love to see things like this initiative front the archdiocese of boston on creating “creating excellent parish websites.” they have a 2 hour discussion on this topic along with links to the handouts they used. the archdiocese of boston is a positive example of a diocese that has focused on using media including new media to communicate.

ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wɪl stɑrt ɪn 8 ˈkænsəl gɪt ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈæstən ˈvɪlə ˈstɔriz baɪ iˈmeɪl səbˈskraɪb θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ wi hæv mɔr ˈnuzˌlɛtərz ʃoʊ mi si ɑr ˈpraɪvəsi ˈnoʊtɪs kʊd nɑt səbˈskraɪb, traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl pɔl ˈlæmbərt ɪz ˈlɑrʤli rɪˈmɛmbərd baɪ ˈæstən ˈvɪlə fænz fər hɪz ˈstrəgəlz ɪn ðə ˈtrænsfər ˈmɑrkɪt. hɪz θri jɪrz æt ðə ˈvɪlə pɑrk hɛlm ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd wɪθ ˈʧɛrmən ˈrændi ˈlərnər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl kəts. waɪl ðɛr wɑz wən ənˈdaʊtɪd səkˈsɛs ɪn ˈbɛlʤəm ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkrɪsʧɪn, ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈsaɪnɪŋz flɑpt ɪn ənd blu. ʤɪst bæk əp ˈgoʊlˌkipər ʤɛd stɪr rɪˈmeɪnz æt ˈvɪlə pɑrk. əˈhɛd əv hɪz rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈvɪlə pɑrk wɪθ taʊn ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd, hɪrz ə lʊk æt wət bɪˈkeɪm əv hɪz 20 ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈsaɪnɪŋz ɛz ˈvɪlə bɔs. ˈkrɪsʧɪn hɑrd tɪ θɪŋk əv ə mɔr ˈpɑpjələr ˈfɪgjər æt ɪn ˈrisənt ˈhɪstəri ðən ˈbɛlʤən ˈstraɪkər ˈkrɪsʧɪn. ðə ˈfɔrmər ʤɛŋk mæn ˈpləndərd goʊl ˈæftər goʊl ɪn ənd blu ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlivɪŋ fər ˈlɪvərˌpul fər ˈmɪljən ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2015 wɪn ðə rɛdz ˈtrɪgərd hɪz klɔz. əˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪd ɔn ənd meɪd ə swɪʧ tɪ ˈkrɪstəl ˈpæləs ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2016 hi həz ɪnˈdʊrd ə bɪt əv ə stɑp stɑrt taɪm æt pɑrk, wɪθ ˈɪnʤəriz ˈhæmpərɪŋ hɪz ˈprɑˌgrɛs. ʤoʊ ˈbɛnɪt ˈbɛnɪt lɛft æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈsizən ˈæftər ˈlərnɪŋ ðət hi wʊd bi θərd ʧɔɪs ˈəndər rəˈbɛrtoʊ di mɑˈteɪoʊ, bɪˈhaɪnd ˈʤɔrdən ənd ˈeɪli. ərˈɪʤənəli saɪnd frəm ɪn ˈɔgəst 2012 hi ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli wən ˈoʊvər ðə ˈvɪlə pɑrk ˈfeɪθfəl ənd hæd loʊn spɛlz æt ˈbraɪtən ənd hoʊv ˈælbiən, ənd ˈʃɛfild ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ tɪ gɪt fərst tim ˈfʊtˌbɔl. ˈtoʊni blɑkt ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt muv tɪ ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ bɪˈkəz hi ˈdɪdənt wɔnt ɪm tɪ goʊ tɪ ə pərˈmoʊʃən ˈraɪvəl. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ˈvɪlə soʊld ɪm tɪ ˈkɑrdɪf ˈsɪti, hu bit ˈvɪlə tɪ ðə prɛˈmɪr lig baɪ goʊɪŋ əp ɪn wɪn ˈvɪlə lɔst tɪ ðə ˈbluˌbərdz ɪn ˈɔgəst 2017 ˈbɛnɪt tweeted*: "wət ə wɪn! woʊnt ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ə wɪn ɛz məʧ ɛz ðət wən ɔl ˈsizən." mæt mæt, hu əraɪvd ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2012 wɑz ˈpɑpjələr ˈəndər ˈlæmbərt, bət fɛl aʊt əv ˈfeɪvər əˈpɑn tɪm əˈpɔɪntmənt. ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈʃɛfild juˈnaɪtɪd wɑz noʊn fər hɪz dɪˈzaɪər tɪ gɪt ˈfɔrwərd ənd hɪz ənd blu spɛl wɪl bi rɪˈmɛmbərd fər ðət ˈbɛltɪŋ ˈvɑli əˈweɪ æt stoʊk ˈsɪti. hi muvd tɪ ˈbərnli ɪn 2015 ənd hɛlpt ðɛm sɪˈkjʊr pərˈmoʊʃən tɪ ðə prɛˈmɪr lig ˌbiˈfɔr kənˈsɑləˌdeɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə tɔp flaɪt. həz bɪn ˈrɛgjələr pɪk fər fər ðə sɪns ðɛn. ˈʤɔrdən ˈbaʊəri ˈwəzənt ðə ˈoʊnli ənˈnoʊn ˈstraɪkər ˈvɪlə saɪnd ɔn ðə ˈdɛˌdlaɪn deɪ əv ˈɔgəst 31 2012 ˈʤɔrdən ˈbaʊəri ˈɔlsoʊ əraɪvd. hi wɑz pləkt frəm ˈʧɛstərˌfild fər bət hɪz ənd blu kərɪr ˈnɛvər gɑt goʊɪŋ. ˈbaʊəri feɪld tɪ skɔr fər ˈvɪlə ənd ɪn ˈtoʊtəl meɪd ʤɪst sɪks stɑrts ənd 16 ˈsəbstəˌtut əˈpɪrənsəz ɪn lig ənd kəp. hi wɑz sɛnt aʊt ɔn loʊn tɪ juˈnaɪtɪd æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ˈfaɪnəl ˈsizən ɪn ʧɑrʤ ənd ðɛn muvd tɪ ˈɑksfərd sun ˈæftər. ˈɔriˌɛnt pɪkt ɪm əp ɔn ə fri ˈtrænsfər æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈsizən ənd hoʊpt hi wʊd faɪər ðɛm tɪ pərˈmoʊʃən frəm lig tu. bət ʃɑk tɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl lig sɔ ˈbaʊəri meɪk ə muv tɪ kru. hi həz bɪˈkəm ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrt əv ðə tim æt roʊd. ʤoʊ koʊl ɪts fɛr tɪ seɪ ʤoʊ koʊlz bɛst deɪz wər bɪˈhaɪnd ɪm wɪn, æt ðə eɪʤ əv 32 hi saɪnd fər ˈvɪlə ɔn ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪn ʤun 2014 ˈfɑloʊɪŋ hɪz riˈlis frəm wɛst hæm juˈnaɪtɪd. ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈʧɛlsi ənd ˈɪŋglənd stɑr meɪd faɪv stɑrts ənd 11 ˈsəbstəˌtut əˈpɪrənsəz fər ˈvɪlə, ˈskɔrɪŋ wəns ɪn ə drɔ æt ˈbərnli. hi wɑz loʊnd aʊt tɪ ˈkəvəntri ˈsɪti ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2015 ənd ðɛn ʤɔɪnd ðə skaɪ bluz ɔn ə fri ˈtrænsfər ənˈtɪl ðə ˈsəmər əv 2016 ˈæftər ˈvɪlə ˈkænsəld hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt. ˈæftər ˈlivɪŋ ðə ˈrikoʊ ərˈinə, hi wɛnt tɪ pleɪ fər ˈtæmpə beɪ ˈraʊdiz ɪn ðə nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɑkər lig. koʊl əˈnaʊnst hɪz rɪˈtaɪərmənt ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2018 ənd rɪˈtərnd tɪ ˈʧɛlsi ə mənθ ˈleɪtər ɛz ə ˈtɛknɪkəl əˈkædəmi koʊʧ. fɪˈlipeɪ ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2014 ˈvɪləz rɪˈkrutmənt draɪv ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ɪkˈspɪriənst prɛˈmɪr lig pleɪərz. fɪˈlipeɪ ˈfɪtɪd ðət dɪˈskrɪpʃən. hi wɑz ə fri ˈeɪʤənt ˈæftər ˈlivɪŋ vəˈlɛnsiə ənd əˈgrid ə dil æt ˈvɪlə. ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈɑrsənəl, ˈɛvərtən ənd dɪˈfɛndər lɛft sˈwɪtsərləndz wərld kəp kæmp ɪn brəˈzɪl tɪ saɪn fər ˈvɪlə ɪn ˈzʊrɪk. laɪk koʊl hi wɑz ʤɪst ə pleɪər æt ˈvɪlə, ˈmeɪkɪŋ eɪt stɑrts ənd wən ˈsəbstəˌtut əˈpɪrəns ənd hi tu dɪˈpɑrtɪd ˈæftər 18 mənθs. ɪt ˈstɑrtɪd kwaɪt wɛl ɛz hi hɛlpt ˈvɪlə kip θri klin ʃits ɪn ə θri geɪm ˈwɪnɪŋ rən æt ðə stɑrt əv lɛft ˈvɪlə ɪn 2016 tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ sˈwɪtsərlənd wɪθ ˈgræsˌhɑpərz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈreɪnʤərz ɪn ˈsəmər 2016 hi ðɛn ˈhɛdɪd əˈkrɔs ðə pɑnd tɪ pleɪ fər ˈhjustən ˈdaɪnəˌmoʊ ɪn ˈmeɪʤər lig ˈsɑkər. hi ɪz stɪl ˈoʊnli 33 ˈkirən ˈrɪʧərdsən ˈrɪʧərdsən ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ə ʃɔrt spɛl wɪθ ˈkɑrdɪf ˈsɪti ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ riˈlist ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2017 ənd ɪz naʊ bæk ɔn ðə fri ˈeɪʤənt scrapheap*. ˈkəvəntri ˈsɪti hɛld tɔks wɪθ ɪm waɪl hi wɑz ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ treɪn wɪθ lɑ saɪd grəˈnɑdə wɪn ˈtoʊni ˈædəmz wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd ˈmænɪʤər. moʊst ˈrisəntli hi hæd ə traɪəl wɪθ wɛst brɑm bət hiz ˈkərəntli wɪˈθaʊt ə kləb. rɑn ron’*’ lɛft ˈvɪlə ɪn 2015 ˈsəfərɪŋ wɪθ ˈɪnʤəriz. wəns fɪt, hi saɪnd fər dəʧ saɪd ənd həz bɪn pleɪɪŋ fər ðɛm ˈɛvər sɪns. wɑz ˈrisəntli, ˈsəmˈwət bizarrely*, lɪŋkt wɪθ ðə ˌmænɪˈʤɪriəl poʊst æt lig tu saɪd ˈkɑˌrlaɪl juˈnaɪtɪd. ðət muv ˈdɪdənt ənd kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ tərn aʊt fər bæk ɪn hɪz ˈhoʊmˌlænd. ˈsɪlə ˈmɑli ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈsɪlə ˈoʊnli meɪd 22 lig əˈpɪrənsəz ˈdʊrɪŋ tu jɪrz wɪθ ˈvɪlə. sɪns ˈlivɪŋ hiz pleɪd fər montpellier*, ənd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈwaɪndɪŋ əp æt ˈkɑrənt kləb mechelen*. ˈsɪlə ɪz ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli lɪŋkt wɪθ ə rɪˈtərn tɪ ðiz ʃɔrz bət, ənˈlɛs ˈlæmbərt ˈfænsiz əˈnəðər pənt, ɪts ˈlaɪkli hil si aʊt hɪz kərɪr əˈbrɔd. kərˈim ɛl ɑˈmɑdi ðə mərˈɑkən ʤɔɪnd ˈvɪlə ɪn 2012 ənd meɪd 57 əˈpɪrənsəz ɪn tu ˈsizənz, ˈskɔrɪŋ θri taɪmz. hi rɪˈtərnd tɪ hɪz ˈfɔrmər kləb ɪn 2014 ənd lɛd ðɛm tɪ ðə ˈtaɪtəl. ɛl ɑˈmɑdi hæd bɪn ə ˈrɛgjələr fər ðə dəʧ ˈʧæmpiənz ənd pleɪd ˈʧæmpiənz lig ˈfʊtˌbɔl læst ˈsizən. hi ɪz naʊ pleɪɪŋ fər ˈæftər sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ ə muv tɪ ðə ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiən saɪd ɪn ðə ˈsəmər. ænˈtoʊnioʊ ˈlunə ðə ˈspænɪʃ dɪˈfɛndər, hu skɔrd ɔn hɪz prɛˈmɪr lig ˈdeɪbju əˈgɛnst ˈɑrsənəl, wɑz ɛmˈbrɔɪld ɪn ə sɛks teɪp ˈskændəl ɪn hɪz ˈhoʊmˌlænd ˈrisəntli. ˈlunə, 27 ənd hɪz ˈfɔrmər ˈtiˌmeɪt ˈsɛrʤi ɪnˈrɪʧ wər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɪn ə likt ˈvɪdioʊ. ðeɪ riˈlist ə ʤɔɪnt ˈsteɪtmənt dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ðeɪ hæd kənˈsɛnɪd tɪ ɪts riˈlis: wɔnt tɪ steɪt ðət ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ʃoʊz ə rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ əv ə ˈpraɪvət ækt wɪʧ tʊk pleɪs bɪtˈwin ˈfʊli kənˈsɛnɪŋ ˈædəlts, wɪˈθɪn ðə skoʊp əv ðə ˈfridəmz wi ɔl ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ. ˈdipli rɪˈgrɛt ðət ən ˌɪndɪˈskrɛʃən fər wɪʧ wi ər nɑt riˈspɑnsəbəl həz lɛd tɪ ðiz ˈɪmɪʤɪz biɪŋ ˈpəblɪʃt wɪˈθaʊt ɑr ˈnɑlɪʤ ər, fɑr lɛs, ɑr consent.”*.” ˈlunə həz sɪns lɛft fər ˈfɛloʊ lɑ saɪd levante*. ˈnɪkləz ðə ˈstraɪkər ˈstrəgəld tɪ əˈdæpt tɪ laɪf ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ənd bɪˈkeɪm əˈdɪktɪd tɪ sˈlipɪŋ pɪlz. hi muvd bæk tɪ ɔn loʊn ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt swɪʧ ɪn 2015 hi wɑz loʊnd aʊt tɪ dɪˈvɪʒənəl ˈraɪvəlz ənd wɪθ fərst tim ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ˈlɪmɪtɪd. ərnd ə muv tɪ ˈdeɪnɪʃ saɪd ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2017 ðə bəlˈgɛriən əˈlɛʤd ˈreɪsɪst ˈaʊtˌbərst ˈdʊrɪŋ ə loʊn spɛl wɪθ ˈsɛltɪk ɔl bət ˈɛndɪd hɪz hoʊps əv ə kərɪr ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm. hi ɪz naʊ wɪθ ə saɪd crotone*. hi həz meɪd 21 əˈpɪrənsəz fər ðə kləb. ˈæʃli ˈwɛstˌwʊd ˈwɛstˌwʊd dɪˈpɑrtɪd ˈvɪlə ˈæftər fɔr ənd ə hæf jɪrz əv ˈsərvɪs tɪ ʤɔɪn prɛˈmɪr lig saɪd ˈbərnli ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2017 ðə rɪˈmeɪnz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrt əv ðə skwɑd æt tərf mʊr. liˈɑndroʊ lɛft ˈvɪlə pɑrk fər ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ˈraɪvəlz ˈrɛdɪŋ ɪn 2017 ˈæftər stiv brus dimd ɪm ˈsərpləs tɪ rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. dɪˈpɑrʧər ˈɔlsoʊ keɪm ɛz ə bɪt əv ə ʃɑk tɪ ðə ˈvɪlə ˈfeɪθfəl ˈgɪvɪn hɪz ˈlɔfti ˈstændɪŋ ɪn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðə ˈpriviəs ˈsizən. bət wɪθ ðə laɪks əv glɛn ˈwɛlən ənd ʤɑʃ ɔn bɔrd, brus ˈɑptɪd tɪ ðə ˈkjʊrəˌsaʊ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl. ʤɔɪnd ðə rɔɪəlz ɪn ə dil wərθ əraʊnd ənd həz bɪn ə ˈrɛgjələr ˈəndər θri ˈdɪfərənt ˈmænɪʤərz æt ðə madejski*. ˈkɑrloʊs ˈsænʧɛz ˈsænʧɛz spɛnt ðə ˈsizən ɔn loʊn æt ə muv wɪʧ wɑz meɪd ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt wəns ə klɔz wɑz ˈtrɪgərd. ðə kəˈləmbiən faʊnd hɪz geɪm taɪm ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈəndər ˈstɛfənoʊ ðoʊ ənd lɪŋkt əp wɪθ ˌbiˈfɔr rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ðə prɛˈmɪr lig wɪθ wɛst hæm ˈrisəntli. hi həz meɪd faɪv lig əˈpɪrənsəz wɪθ hɪz moʊst ˈrisənt ˈaʊtɪŋ ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈhæmərz' kəp ˈθəmpɪŋ əv ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər. ˈeɪli ə muv tɪ ˈtərki wɪθ wɑz nɛkst stɛp ˈæftər biɪŋ toʊld hi hæd noʊ fˈjuʧər æt ˈvɪlə ˈəndər brus əˈpɑn rɪˈtərnɪŋ frəm ə loʊn spɛl wɪθ olympiakos*. ðə ˈfrɛnʧmæn ʤɔɪnd æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈkɑrənt kæmˈpeɪn ənd həz meɪd 12 əˈpɪrənsəz fər ðə saɪd ɪn eɪθ pleɪs ɪn ðə ˈsupər lig*. ˈliˌbɔr ˈkoʊzək ʤɪst 12 stɑrts ənd 10 ˈsəbstəˌtut əˈpɪrənsəz ɪn jɪrz tɛlz ɪts oʊn ˈstɔri. ˈliˌbɔr ˈkoʊzək wɑz saɪnd tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈkəvər ənd ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən fər bət hɪz ˈvɪlə kərɪr ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli tʊk ɔf. ˈkoʊzək dɪd skɔr fɔr goʊlz fər ˈvɪlə ɪn ən ˈərli ˈfləri ˈfɑloʊɪŋ hɪz ˈdɛˌdlaɪn deɪ muv ɪn ˈɔgəst 2013 bət ðə ˈstraɪkər ˈlæmbərt bɔt frəm həz spɛnt mɔr taɪm ɔn ðə ˈtritmənt ˈteɪbəl ðən ɔn ðə ˈfʊtˌbɔl fild sɪns ðɛn. ˈkoʊzək rɪˈtərnd tɪ ˈɪtəli ɪn 2017 fərst ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈbɑri ənd ðɛn sˈwɪʧɪŋ tɪ ðɛr bi ˈraɪvəlz livorno*. hi ˈhæzənt skɔrd ɪn 11 ˈmæʧɪz ðɪs ˈsizən.

the video will start in 8 cancel get the biggest aston villa fc stories by email subscribe thank you for subscribing we have more newsletters show me see our privacy notice could not subscribe, try again later invalid email paul lambert is largely remembered by aston villa fans for his struggles in the transfer market. his three years at the villa park helm coincided with chairman randy lerner making financial cuts. while there was one undoubted success in belgium international christian benteke, many of the scot's signings flopped in claret and blue. just back up goalkeeper jed steer remains at villa park. ahead of his return to villa park with ipswich town this weekend, here's a look at what became of his 20 permanent signings as villa boss. christian benteke it’s hard to think of a more popular figure at b6 in recent history than belgian striker christian benteke. the former genk man plundered goal after goal in claret and blue before leaving for liverpool for £32.5 million in the summer of 2015 when the reds triggered his buy-out clause. benteke appreciated on merseyside and made a £27million switch to crystal palace in the summer of 2016. he has endured a bit of a stop start time at selhurst park, with injuries hampering his progress. joe bennett bennett left at the beginning of the 2016-17 season after learning that he would be third choice left-back under roberto di matteo, behind jordan amavi and aly cissokho. originally signed from middlesbrough in august 2012, he never really won over the villa park faithful and had loan spells at brighton and hove albion, bournemouth and sheffield wednesday to get first team football. tony xia blocked a permanent move to wednesday because he didn't want him to go to a promotion rival. instead, villa sold him to cardiff city, who beat villa to the premier league by going up in 2017-18. when villa lost to the bluebirds in august 2017, bennett tweeted: "what a win! won't enjoy a win as much as that one all season." matt lowton matt lowton, who arrived in july 2012, was popular under lambert, but fell out of favour upon tim sherwood’s appointment. the former sheffield united right-back was known for his desire to get forward and his claret and blue spell will be remembered for that belting volley away at stoke city. he moved to burnley in 2015 and helped them secure promotion to the premier league before consolidating in the top flight. lowton has been regular pick for for the clarets since then. jordan bowery benteke wasn't the only unknown striker villa signed on the deadline day of august 31 2012. jordan bowery also arrived. he was plucked from chesterfield for £500,000, but his claret and blue career never got going. bowery failed to score for villa and in total made just six starts and 16 substitute appearances in league and cup. he was sent out on loan to rotherham united at the beginning of lambert’s final season in charge and then moved to oxford soon after. leyton orient picked him up on a free transfer at the beginning of the 2016-17 season and hoped he would fire them to promotion from league two. but orient's shock relegation to the national league saw bowery make a move to crewe. he has become an important part of the team at gresty road. joe cole it's fair to say joe cole's best days were behind him when, at the age of 32, he signed for villa on a two-year contract in june 2014 following his release from west ham united. the former chelsea and england star made five starts and 11 substitute appearances for villa, scoring once in a 1-1 draw at burnley. he was loaned out to coventry city in october 2015 and then joined the sky blues on a free transfer until the summer of 2016 after villa cancelled his contract. after leaving the ricoh arena, he went to play for tampa bay rowdies in the north american soccer league. cole announced his retirement in november 2018 and returned to chelsea a month later as a technical academy coach. philippe senderos in the summer of 2014, villa's recruitment drive focused on experienced premier league players. philippe senderos fitted that description. he was a free agent after leaving valencia and agreed a two-year deal at villa. the former arsenal, everton and fulham defender left switzerland's world cup camp in brazil to sign for villa in zurich. like cole he was just a bit-part player at villa, making eight starts and one substitute appearance and he too departed after 18 months. it started quite well as he helped villa keep three clean sheets in a three game winning run at the start of 2014-15. senderos left villa in 2016 to return to switzerland with grasshoppers before joining rangers in summer 2016. he then headed across the pond to play for houston dynamo in major league soccer. he is still only 33! kieran richardson richardson enjoyed a short spell with cardiff city before being released in january 2017 and is now back on the free agent scrapheap. coventry city held talks with him while he was invited to train with la liga side granada when tony adams was appointed manager. most recently he had a trial with west brom but he's currently without a club. ron vlaar ‘concrete ron’ left villa in 2015 suffering with injuries. once fit, he signed for dutch side az alkmaar and has been playing for them ever since. vlaar was recently, somewhat bizarrely, linked with the managerial post at league two side carlisle united. that move didn't materialise and vlaar continues to turn out for az back in his homeland. yacouba sylla mali international sylla only made 22 league appearances during two years with villa. since leaving he's played for montpellier, rennes and panathinaikos before winding up at current club yr kv mechelen. sylla is occasionally linked with a return to these shores but, unless lambert fancies another punt, it's likely he'll see out his career abroad. karim el ahmadi the moroccan midfielder joined villa in 2012 and made 57 appearances in two seasons, scoring three times. he returned to his former club feyenoord in 2014 and led them to the eredivisie title. el ahmadi had been a regular for the dutch champions and played champions league football last season. he is now playing for al-ittihad after securing a move to the saudi arabian side in the summer. antonio luna the spanish defender, who scored on his premier league debut against arsenal, was embroiled in a sex tape scandal in his homeland recently. luna, 27, and his former eibar teammate sergi enrich were identified in a leaked video. they released a joint statement denying they had consented to its release: “we want to state that the video shows a recording of a private act which took place between fully consenting adults, within the scope of the freedoms we all enjoy. “we deeply regret that an indiscretion for which we are not responsible has led to these images being published without our knowledge or, far less, our consent.” luna has since left eibar for fellow la liga side levante. nicklas helenius the striker struggled to adapt to life in england and became addicted to sleeping pills. he moved back to aalborg on loan before making a permanent switch in 2015. he was loaned out to divisional rivals paderborn and silkeborg with first team opportunities limited. helenius earned a move to danish superliga side odense boldklub in the summer of 2017. aleksandar tonev the bulgarian midfielder’s alleged racist outburst during a loan spell with celtic all but ended his hopes of a career in the united kingdom. he is now with serie a side crotone. he has made 21 appearances for the club. ashley westwood westwood departed villa after four and a half years of service to join premier league side burnley in january 2017. the midfielder remains an important part of the squad at turf moor. leandro bacuna bacuna left villa park for championship rivals reading in 2017 after steve bruce deemed him surplus to requirements. bacuna’s departure also came as a bit of a shock to the villa faithful given his lofty standing in bruce’s thinking the previous season. but with the likes of glenn whelan and josh onomah on board, bruce opted to offload the curacao international. groningen-born bacuna joined the royals in a deal worth around £1.5million and has been a regular under three different managers at the madejski. carlos sanchez sanchez spent the 2016/17 season on loan at fiorentina - a move which was made permanent once a clause was triggered. the colombian found his game time limited under stefano pioli though and linked up with espanyol before returning to the premier league with west ham recently. he has made five league appearances with his most recent outing coming in the hammers' 8-0 efl cup thumping of macclesfield in september. aly cissokho a move to turkey with malatyaspor was cissokho’s next step after being told he had no future at villa under bruce upon returning from a loan spell with olympiakos. the frenchman joined antalyaspor at the beginning of the current campaign and has made 12 appearances for the side in eighth place in the super lig. libor kozak just 12 starts and 10 substitute appearances in three-and-a-half years tells its own story. libor kozak was signed to provide cover and competition for benteke but his villa career never really took off. kozak did score four goals for villa in an early flurry following his deadline day move in august 2013. but the striker lambert bought from lazio has spent more time on the treatment table than on the football field since then. kozak returned to italy in 2017, first joining bari and then switching to their serie b rivals livorno. he hasn't scored in 11 matches this season.

avicii* ʃɑks fænz, ˈsaɪlənsɪz ˈkrɪtɪks wɪθ geɪm ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ənd friends’*’ gɛst mɪks tʊk tɪ ənd frɛndz læst naɪt wɪθ ən ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd mɪks ðət ˌɪmˈprɛst fænz, ʃət daʊn ˈkrɪtɪks, ənd prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈɪntu ðə maɪnd əv tɪm bərg. ˈæftər wən aʊər əv wət meɪ hæv bɪn ðə moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt mɪks əv ðə jəŋ kərɪr, ˌriɪnˈfɔrst hɪz ɪˈlit pəˈzɪʃən ɪn dæns mˈjuzɪk ənd riˈmaɪndɪd ðə ˈɪndəstri ðət mɔr tɪ tɪm bərg ðən ““levels.”*.” ˈoʊpənɪŋ wɪθ sɔŋz frəm ðə ˈaɪzli ˈbrəðərz ənd sˈmoʊki ˈrɑbənsən, tɪm hɛld ðə ‘‘electronic’*’ aʊt əv dæns music’*’ fər ðə fərst tɛn ˈmɪnəts ɛz tɪ proʊˈkleɪm ðət ɪz, ɪn fækt, hɪz frɛnd. ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə wɪθ ““d.a.n.c.e”*” ənd pt*. hi muvd ˈɪntu ˈɛrɪk əv ˈpaʊloʊ ˈplənʤɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə dip, ˈgruvi mud ðət wʊd ɪmˈbɑdi ðə rɛst əv hɪz ˈaʊtɪŋ. ˈlipɪŋ ˈɪntu dɔg finger”*” ənd ə ˈbuˌtlɛg əv dreams,”*,” hæd ɔˈrɛdi lɛft ən ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ɔn ˈlɪsənərz ˈwərldˈwaɪd, ɛz fænz ˈræpədli tʊk tɪ tˈwɪtər tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs ˌædmərˈeɪʃən fər hɪz ˈtɛknɪkəl skɪlz. ˈæftər ˈklæsɪk haʊs wɪθ ˈiən əv ˈmɔrɪs ðɪs ðə groove”*” ənd ˈklæsɪk dæns wɪθ ɛz ice,”*,” ˈfaɪnəli tərnd tɪ ən ərˈɪʤənəl pərˈdəkʃən, ðə ˈoʊnli wən əv ðə naɪt, mi ʃoʊ ju love.”*.” goʊɪŋ ɔn tɪ blɛnd dæns flɔr ʤɛmz wɪθ ˈdɪskoʊ ˈvoʊkəlz, ðə mɪks teɪks ɔn ə laɪf əv ɪts oʊn. ðɛn ɪt ˈhæpənz oʊ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, aɪ gɪt ə gʊd ˈfilɪŋ yeah.”*.” bət ɪt ““levels,”*,” ɪt wɑz ˈɛtə gɑt ə hoʊld ɔn me,”*,” ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ɪn ɪts ɪnˈtaɪərti. ˌbibiˈsi ˈreɪdiˌoʊ 1 ˈlɪsənərz wər əˈstaʊndɪd wɪθ tɛn ˈmɪnəts lɛft ɛz hi drɑpt hɪz oʊn ˈbuˌtlɛg əv ˈmeɪʤər free,”*,” rɪˈtərnd tɪ fəŋk wɪθ ˈʤɛsi ənd brɔt ˈdɪskoʊ bæk ɔn krɪs dɪd ə bæd thing.”*.” kənˈkludɪŋ hɪz taɪm slɑt wɪθ teɪk ɔn ɪn paris,”*,” pʊt ðə stæmp ɔn hɪz ˈbɪgəst mɪks sɪns hɪz 2010 ɛˈsɛnʃəl mɪks, ənd ˈpɑsəbli ðə ˈbɪgəst əv hɪz jəŋ kərɪr. ʤɪst ɛz hɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəl mɪks ˌɪntrəˈdust ðə wərld tɪ ðə ˈɑrtɪst wi naʊ noʊ ɛz, hɪz ənd frɛndz mɪks tərnd ðə ˈteɪbəlz, pərˈpɛrɪŋ fænz fər ə ˌriɪnˈvɛntɪd tɪm bərg. ˈkætəˌgɔriz: mˈjuzɪk

avicii shocks fans, silences critics with game changing ‘diplo and friends’ guest mix avicii took to diplo and friends last night with an unexpected mix that impressed fans, shut down critics, and provided insight into the mind of tim berg. after one hour of what may have been the most significant mix of the young producer’s career, avicii reinforced his elite position in dance music and reminded the industry that there’s more to tim berg than “levels.” opening with songs from the isley brothers and smokey robinson, tim held the ‘electronic’ out of ‘electronic dance music’ for the first ten minutes as diplo interluded to proclaim that avicii is, in fact, his friend. breaking the electro-barrier with justice’s “d.a.n.c.e” and “phantom pt. 2,” he moved into eric prydz’s remix of paolo mojo’s “1983,” plunging into the deep, groovy mood that would embody the rest of his outing. leaping into dog blood’s “middle finger” and a bootleg of “sweet dreams,” avicii had already left an impression on listeners worldwide, as fans rapidly took to twitter to express admiration for his technical skills. after classic house with ian carey’s remix of moris & minor’s “is this the groove” and classic dance with foreigner’s “cold as ice,” avicii finally turned to an original production, the only one of the night, “let me show you love.” going on to blend dance floor gems with disco vocals, the mix takes on a life of its own. then it happens — “oh oh sometimes, i get a good feeling yeah.” but it wasn’t “levels,” it was etta james’s “something’s got a hold on me,” the original in its entirety. bbc radio 1 listeners were astounded with ten minutes left as he dropped his own bootleg of major lazer’s “get free,” returned to funk with jessie ware’s “110%,” and brought disco back on chris issak’s “baby did a bad thing.” concluding his time slot with cazzette’s take on “niggas in paris,” avicii put the stamp on his biggest mix since his 2010 essential mix, and possibly the biggest of his young career. just as his essential mix introduced the world to the artist we now know as avicii, his diplo and friends mix turned the tables, preparing fans for a reinvented tim berg. categories: music

nu jɔrk ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ ˈsæləri kæp wɑz sɛt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ fər nɛkst ˈsizən æt 70 ˈmɪljən, ə ˈnəmbər ðət peɪvz ðə weɪ fər fri ˈeɪʤənt ˈkɑnˌtrækts tɪ bi saɪnd. ðə lig sɛd ðə kæp ˌɪnˈkrist baɪ 11 pərˈsɛnt frəm læst ˈsizənz ˈmɪljən ənd ðə kæp wɪl bi ðə haɪəst ˈɛvər ðoʊ ɪt wɪl bi ˈʃætərd nɛkst ˈsəmər. ɪt hæd bɪn prɑˈʤɛktəd tɪ kəm ɪn ˈkloʊzər tɪ 67 ˈmɪljən ənˈtɪl ˈrisəntli. wɪθ ðə kæp sɛt, ðə ligz ˌmɔrəˈtɔriəm wɪl bi ˈlɪftɪd æt ˈmɪdˌnaɪt, ənd dilz ənd treɪdz ðət wər əˈgrid tɪ sɪns fri ˈeɪʤənsi ˈoʊpənd ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1 kən bɪˈkəm əˈfɪʃəl bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ˈθərzˌdeɪ æt a.m*. edt*. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðə tæks ˈlɛvəl ˌɪnˈkrist pərˈsɛnt tɪ ˈmɪljən. timz huz ˈpeɪˌroʊlz ɪkˈsid ɪt wɪl bi səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ˈpɛnəltiz. ðə ˈsæləri kæp ɪz dəraɪvd ɪn pɑrt ɔn lig ˈrɛvəˌnuz. ɪt ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ vɔlt tɪ əˈbaʊt 90 ˈmɪljən fər ðə ˈsizən, wɪn ðə ligz nu ˈnæʃənəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈkɑnˌtrækts bɪˈgɪn. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ðɛrz ˈplɛnti əv ˈməni fər timz ənd pleɪərz nɛkst ˈsizən. ˈmæksəməm ˈsæləriz wɪl raɪz, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər beɪst ɔn ə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ðə kæp, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ə pleɪərz jɪrz əv ˈsərvɪs. ˈlɛbrən ʤeɪmz, ʃʊd hi saɪn fər ðə mæks, wʊd meɪk 23 ˈmɪljən nɛkst ˈsizən wɪθ mɔr ðən 10 jɪrz ɪn ðə lig. ðɛr wɪl bi θri ˈspɛndɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpʃənz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ timz. ðə fər ðɪs ˈsizən ɪz ˈmɪljən, ðə ˈtækˌspeɪər ɪz ˈmɪljən ənd ðə fər ə tim wɪθ rum ˈəndər ðə ˈsæləri kæp ɪz ˈmɪljən.

new york -- the nba salary cap was set wednesday for next season at $70 million, a higher-than-expected number that paves the way for free agent contracts to be signed. the league said the cap increased by 11 percent from last season's $63.1 million and the 2015-16 cap will be the highest ever -- though it will be shattered next summer. it had been projected to come in closer to $67 million until recently. with the cap set, the league's moratorium will be lifted at midnight, and deals and trades that were agreed to since free agency opened on july 1 can become official beginning thursday at 12:01 a.m. edt. also, the tax level increased 10.3 percent to $84.7 million. teams whose payrolls exceed it will be subjected to penalties. the salary cap is derived in part on league revenues. it is expected to vault to about $90 million for the 2016-17 season, when the league's new national tv contracts begin. in the meantime, there's plenty of money for teams and players next season. maximum salaries will rise, because they are based on a percentage of the cap, depending on a player's years of service. lebron james, should he sign for the max, would make $23 million next season with more than 10 years in the league. there will be three spending exceptions available to teams. the non-taxpayer mid-level for this season is $5.5 million, the taxpayer mid-level is $3.4 million and the mid-level for a team with room under the salary cap is $2.8 million.

ʃɛr ðɪs... ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ meɪks ɪt klɪr waɪ ˈpitər ˈɛliət ɪz wən əv ðə ˈdəməst, ɪf nɑt ðə ˈdəməst, ˈgəvərnərz ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. ə ˈprɪti təf əˈkɑmplɪʃmənt wɪθ steɪts laɪk ˈɔrəˌgɑn, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ənd ˈmɛrələnd ɪn ðə fild. ˈvɪdioʊ əv wət ðə wɪnd ˈɪndəstri ɪz duɪŋ tɪ maɪ hoʊm steɪt. ˈʃɛfild ənd loʊəl ˈmaʊntən ər ˈoʊnli ə fju maɪəlz frəm maɪ ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn. ˈklaɪmɪt ˈæktɪvɪsts ɪn vərˈmɑnt, wəns bɪg prəˈpoʊnənts əv wɪnd, ər naʊ ʃɑkt ənd əˈgæst. ˈvɪdioʊ sɔrs: http://vermontenergyoptions.org*/ θɪŋks ðət rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈfɑsəl ˈɛnərʤi kənˈsəmʃən (wɪʧ ɪz nɑt ˈivɪn ˈmɛʒərəbəl ɔn ə ˈgloʊbəl skeɪl) baɪ ə ˈkəpəl əv pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts wɪl lɛd tɪ ə ˈʤɛnəl ˈklaɪmɪt fər hɪz steɪt ənd prɪˈvɛnt ˈflədɪŋ ðɛr wɔʧ ðə ˈvɪdioʊ! aɪ noʊ ɪf ə sˈwɪndələr, ər ə kəmˈplit ˈmɔˌrɑn. soʊ ˈrædɪkəl ɪz wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðə ˈklaɪmɪt wɪθ ˈwɪndˌmɪlz ðət hi həz bɪˈkəm ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ʤɪm ʤoʊnz hu ɪz ˈrɛdi tɪ lɛd ðə steɪt tɪ kəˈmɪt mæs ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈsuɪˌsaɪd. ənd laɪk ðə ˈfɑloʊərz əv ʤɪm ʤoʊnz, ˈmɛni vərˈmɑntərz bɪˈlivd, ənd ðeɪ ɔl laɪnd əp bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ʤɪm ʤoʊnz wɪnd ˈɛnərʤi ˈmuvmənt ˈʧɪrɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈɑrmi əv wɪnd ˈtərbaɪn ˈbɪldərz ðət wʊd sun ˌɪnˈveɪd ðə steɪt ənd dɪsˈfɪgjər ɪt ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪt wʊd brɪŋ ðɛm sælˈveɪʃən. təˈdeɪ ðeɪ ər ʃɑkt ənd ˈhɔrəˌfaɪd. ðeɪ naʊ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðə pənʧ ɪz spaɪkt wɪθ dɛθ. ðə ˈvɪdioʊ əˈbəv ˈɪntərvˌjuz ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈsɪriz əv əˈpoʊnənts, ˈmɛni ər ˈkuki ɛnˈvaɪrənˌmɛnəlɪsts, səm ˈoʊpənli ədˈmɪtɪŋ ðeɪ hæd bɪn dupt baɪ ðə (e.g*. si mɑrk). ðeɪ wər ɔl kɑnd baɪ æl fɪlm. ðeɪ wər ɔl ˈsəkərd baɪ ðə ““consensus”*” saɪəns ðət ˈnɛvər wɑz. ðeɪ wər məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈmidiə ənd ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz. ənd ɪn ə steɪt əv ˈpænɪk, ðeɪ ɔl θɔt ˈsəmθɪŋ hæd tɪ bi dən kˈwɪkli. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈmɛni hæv sɪns ˈwoʊkən əp tɪ ðə tru ˈhɔrər əv ðə wɪnd ˈɛnərʤi pənʧ brud baɪ, moʊst ər stɪl kənˈvɪnst əv ˈmænˌmeɪd ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæv bɪn tu ˈleɪzi (ər tu dæm ˈstupɪd) tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli teɪk ə lʊk æt ðə hɑrd ˈdætə əv hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈklaɪmɪt. haʊ kən ˈpipəl gɪt soʊ ˈnəti? ðə kˈwɛʃən ðət wi ˈɔfən æsk əˈbaʊt ˈnɑtsi ˈʤərməni, ɪt? ɪt həz tɪ du wɪθ ˈriʧɪŋ ə ˈsərtən ˈtɪpɪŋ pɔɪnt. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈmædnəs ˈluzɪz ɪts breɪks ənd tərnz ˈɪntu ə ˈrənəˌweɪ treɪn ðət bi stɑpt. wət ˈhæpənd ɪn vərˈmɑnt. ˈriˌkɔl ðət vərˈmɑnt geɪv ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk 68 əv ðə voʊt ɪn 2008 (ðə ˈgreɪtəst əv ɔl 50 steɪts). soʊ wɪn ðət ˈlɛvəl əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl (cluelessness*) grɪps ə steɪt, ˈlɪtəl ˈwəndər ðət ˈrɪli dəm θɪŋz laɪk kən ˈhæpən. ðə steɪt lɔst ɪts breɪks. ðə steɪt juzd tɪ bi ðət weɪ. θɪŋz ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ gɪt əˈspɛʃəli bæd ˈæftər aɪ lɛft 30 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. təˈdeɪ ðə ˈtaɪni steɪt əv vərˈmɑnt ɪz ˈbɪzi ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ˈɔltərɪŋ ənd 200 maɪəlz əv ˈmaʊntən wɪθ wɪnd ˈtərbaɪnz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðɪs wɪl ˈrɛskju ðə ˈplænət. ðɪs, ɪf əˈlaʊd tɪ kənˈtɪnju, wɪl tərn ðə steɪt ˈɪntu ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl kəˈtæstrəfi əv ˈsoʊviˌɛt dɪˈmɛnʃənz. wət wɪl vərˈmɑntərz geɪn frəm ɪt ɔl ðə ˈsækrəˌfaɪs? ə ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈkulɪŋ əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈklaɪmɪt baɪ ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst 100 jɪrz. stɪl hæv tɪ baɪ fləd ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns. ˈfɔrʧənətli, ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪn vərˈmɑnt ðət ˈpipəl ər ˈsoʊbərɪŋ əp frəm ðɛr drəgd grin ˈstupər ənd ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ðɛr ˈrənəˌweɪ kəˈlɛktɪv ˈmædnəs: ˈɔlsoʊ rɛd:

share this... the following video makes it clear why peter elliott shumlin is one of the dumbest, if not the dumbest, governors in america. that’s a pretty tough accomplishment withates like oregon, california and maryland in the field. video of what the wind industry is doing to my homeate. sheffield and lowell mountain are only a few miles from my hometown. climate activists in vermont, once big proponents of wind, are now shocked and aghast. video source: http://vermontenergyoptions.org/ shumlin thinks that reducing vermont’s fossil energy consumption (which is not even measurable on a global scale) by a couple of percentage points will lead to a gentle climate for hisate and prevent flooding there (2:25). watch the video! i don’t know if he’s a swindler, or a complete moron. so radical shumlin is when it comes to protecting the climate with windmills that he has become an environmental jim jones who is ready to lead theate to commit mass environmental suicide. and like the followers of jim jones, many vermonters believed, and they all lined up behind the jim jones shumlin’s wind energy movement – cheering on the army of wind turbine builders that would soon invade theate and disfigure it permanently – thinking it would bring them salvation. today they are shocked and horrified. they now realise the punch is spiked with death. the video above interviews an entire series of opponents, many are kooky environmentalists, some openly admitting they had been duped by the windpower pipe-dream (e.g. see 7:45 mark). they were all conned by al gore’s ait film. they were all suckered by the “consensus” science that never was. they were manipulated by the media and politicians. and in aate of panic, they all thought something had to be done quickly. although many have since woken up to the true horror of the wind energy punch brewed by shumlin, most areill convinced of man-made climate change. this is because they have been too lazy (or too damnupid) to actually take a look at the hard data of historical climate. how can people get so nutty? that’s the question that we often ask about nazi germany, isn’t it? it has to do with group-think reaching a certain tipping point. eventually madness loses its brakes and turns into a runaway train that can’t beopped. that’s what happened in vermont. let’s recall that vermont gave obama something like 68% of the vote in 2008 (the greatest of all 50ates). so when that level of political onesidedness (cluelessness) grips aate, it’s little wonder that really dumb things like shumlin can happen. theate lost its brakes. theate didn’t used to be that way. thingsarted to get especially bad after i left 30+ years ago. today the tinyate of vermont is busy permanently altering and industrialising 200 miles of mountain ridgelines with 500-foot wind turbines – thinking this will rescue the planet. this, if allowed to continue, will turn theate into an environmental catastrophe of soviet dimensions. what will vermonters gain from it all the sacrifice? a theoretical cooling of the global climate by 0.0000000000041°c over the next 100 years. they’llill have to buy flood insurance. fortunately, it is not only in vermont that people are sobering up from their drugged greenupor and arearting to focus on the consequences of their runaway collective madness: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/energy/9597461/soviet-style-wind-farm-subsidies-to-face-the-axe.html also read: http://suyts.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/the-answer-my-friend-is-not-blowing-in-the-wind

ˈfɔrmər wɛst koʊst ˈfɔrwərd tɑm læm həz faʊnd ə nu hoʊm fər 2018 ˈsaɪnɪŋ wɪθ ˈaʊtˌfɪt sandringham*. ðə pleɪd wən geɪm ɪn θri ˈsizənz æt ðə ˈigəlz, ˈspɛndɪŋ ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv hɪz taɪm wɪθ ðə əˈfɪliˌeɪt ist pərθ wɛr hi ˈbutɪd 57 goʊlz ɪn 48 lig əˈpɪrənsəz. ðə ˈprɑdəkt wɑz ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəl ɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ riˈdræftɪd ˈfɑloʊɪŋ hɪz axing*, dɪˈspaɪt ˈtreɪnɪŋ wɪθ læst mənθ. sandringham*, wɪʧ hæv ən əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən wɪθ ðə seɪnts, kənˈfərmd ðə nuz təˈdeɪ ɔn ðɛr tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnt. læm wɑz ˈdræftɪd baɪ wɛst koʊst wɪθ pɪk 32 ɪn ðə 2014 ˈnæʃənəl dræft. hɪz soʊl əˈpɪrəns keɪm əˈgɛnst ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈbʊlˌdɔgz ɪn raʊnd wən, 2015 læm həz ə ˈfæməli kəˈnɛkʃən æt ðə ˈzibrəz, wɪθ hɪz ˈgrænˌfɑðər ˈiən ˈkupər ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪɪŋ fər ðə kləb. dɪˈfɛndər sæm ˈkɑlɪnz wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfiʧər ɪn ðə nɛkst ˈsizən ˈæftər ˈsaɪnɪŋ wɪθ werribee*.

former west coast forward tom lamb has found a new home for 2018, signing with vfl outfit sandringham. the 21-year-old played one game in three seasons at the eagles, spending the majority of his time with the club’s wafl affiliate east perth where he booted 57 goals in 48 league appearances. the dandenong stingrays product was unsuccessful in getting redrafted following his axing, despite training with st kilda last month. sandringham, which have an affiliation with the saints, confirmed the news today on their twitter account. lamb was drafted by west coast with pick 32 in the 2014 national draft. his sole afl appearance came against the western bulldogs in round one, 2015. lamb has a family connection at the zebras, with his grandfather ian cooper also playing for the club. de-listed fremantle defender sam collins will also feature in the vfl next season after signing with werribee.

ˈɛnˈpiˈɑrz nil ˈkoʊnən, tɔk əv ðə ˈneɪʃən, ˈsɛnsərz tɔks wi ʃʊd hæv baɪ ˈælən ʤoʊnz, ˈwɔʃɪŋtən taɪmz kəmˈjunɪtiz ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 27 2013 ˈɛdɪtərz noʊt: ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr hoʊst nil ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp əv dɪˈskəʃən əˈbaʊt ˈbɪldɪŋ 7 ɪz ˈoʊnli ðə ˈleɪtəst ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ˈmidiə ˈaʊˌtlɛts səˈprɛsɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ɪkˈsploʊsɪv ˈɛvədəns. wi əˈplɔd ðə ˈɔθər əv ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt fər ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðɪs ˈɪʃu tɪ ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ðə ˈpəblɪk. wɔʧ ˈɑrkəˌtɛkts ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz: ˈsɑlvɪŋ ðə ˈmɪstəri əv 7 tɪ lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ðɪs ˈskaɪˌskreɪpər. 7 ənd ˈɛnˈpiˈɑrz nil ˈkoʊnən (sɔrs: ˈwɔʃɪŋtən taɪmz) ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈfaɪnəl ˈbrɔdˌkæst əv tɔk əv ðə ˈneɪʃən, ˈaʊtˌgoʊɪŋ hoʊst nil ˈkoʊnən həŋ əp ɔn ə ˈkɔlər frəm ˈflɔrɪdə hu kˈwɛsʧənd ðə juz. əˈfɪʃəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər ðə kəˈlæps əv wərld treɪd ˈsɛnər ˈbɪldɪŋ 7 ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 11 2001 ˈkoʊnən rɪˈtaɪrd ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ˈæftər 36 jɪrz wɪθ ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr ˈæftər dɪsˈmɪsɪŋ ə kənˈsərnz ɛz nonsense”*”. bət wɑz hi ˈrɪli seɪɪŋ ðət wi dɪˈskəs ˈɛni ˈfərðər? ðə ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən trænˈspaɪərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm kɔld ðə tɔk əv jʊr nation”*”, ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ ˈkɔlərz ər ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ ʃɛr wət ðeɪ ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈɛvriˈdeɪ laɪf ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. rɛd mɔr:

npr's neal conan, talk of the nation, censors talks we should have by alan jones, washington times communities wednesday, july 27, 2013 editor's note: npr host neal conan's censorship of discussion about wtc building 7 is only the latest example of media outlets suppressing information about the explosive 9/11 evidence. we applaud the author of this report for bringing this issue to the attention of the public. watch architects and engineers: solving the mystery of wtc 7 to learn more about the destruction of this 47-story skyscraper. wtc 7 and npr's neal conan (source: washington times) during thursday’s final broadcast of npr’s talk of the nation, outgoing host neal conan hung up on a caller from florida who questioned the u.s. government’s official explanation for the collapse of world trade center building 7 on september 11, 2001. conan retired yesterday after 36 years with npr after dismissing a caller’s concerns as “scientific nonsense”. but was he really saying that we can’t discuss 9/11 any further? the on-air confrontation transpired during a segment of the program called “what’s the talk of your nation”, during which callers are invited to share what they are talking about during everyday life in america. read more: http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/freedom-press-not-free/2013/jun/28/npr-host-neal-conan-hanging-alternate-world-trade-/#ixzz2yihmbcvo

prəˈdusərz mɑrk plæt ənd ˈædəm ˈsigəl ˈɔpʃənd 2005 ˈnɑvəl, ˈæftər ˈsigəl rɛd ə ˌrivˈju frəm ˈpəblɪʃərz ˈwikli əˈdæptɪŋ ðə bʊk pruvd tɪ bi ˈʧælənʤɪŋ fər, ɛz ɪt hæd ə nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈnɛrətɪv , wən əv tɔp ˈkæstɪŋ ˈʧɔɪsɪz, ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli saɪnd ɔn fər ðə lɛd, ɛz hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ stɑr ɪn ən ˈprɑʤɛkt. pleɪd ə ˈpɪvətəl roʊl ɪn ðə fɪlmz pərˈdəkʃən, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈhaɪrɪŋ ɛz dɪˈrɛktər ənd bɛθ ˈmɪkəl ɛz pərˈdəkʃən dɪˈzaɪnər ˈnutən ˈtɑməs ˈsɪgəl ˈoʊvərˌsɔ ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl fəˈtɑgrəfi wɪʧ ˈstɑrtɪd ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 25 2010 wɑz ʃɑt ɔn loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪn ˈvɛriəs pɑrts əv lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ənd ˈɛndɪd ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 12 ðə ˈdraɪvər, dɪsˈgaɪzɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf wɪθ ə ˈrəbər mæsk, ˈfɑloʊz ˈninoʊ frəm ðə ˌpitsərˈiə tɪ ðə pəˈsɪfɪk koʊst ˈhaɪˌweɪ ənd hɪz kɑr ˈɔntu ə biʧ; hi ˈʧeɪsɪz ˈninoʊ frəm ðə rɛk tɪ ðə ˈoʊʃən ənd draʊnz ɪm. hi meɪks ə foʊn kɔl tɪ aɪˈrin tɪ tɛl hər hi ɪz ˈlivɪŋ ənd ðət ˈmitɪŋ hər ənd wɑz ðə bɛst θɪŋ ðət ˈɛvər ˈhæpənd tɪ ɪm. ðə ˈdraɪvər mits ˈbərni, hu ˈprɑməsəz ðət aɪˈrin wɪl bi seɪf ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər ðə ˈməni. hi gɪvz ˈbərni ðə ˈməni, bət ˈbərni stæbz ɪm ɪn ðə ˈstəmək. ðə ˈdraɪvər pʊlz aʊt hɪz oʊn naɪf ənd ˈfeɪtəli stæbz ˈbərni. hi əˈbændənz ðə ˈməni nɛkst tɪ ˈbərniz kɔrps ənd livz. aɪˈrin nɑks ɔn ðə ˈdraɪvərz əˈpɑrtmənt dɔr tɪ noʊ əˈveɪl. ɔlˈbiɪt ˈwundɪd, ðə ˈdraɪvər draɪvz ɔf ˈɪntu ðə naɪt. æt hɪz ˌpitsərˈiə, ˈninoʊ rɪˈvilz tɪ ˈbərni ðət ə ˌloʊˈlɛvəl ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə waɪz gaɪ frəm ðə "ist koʊst mɑb" stæʃt ðə ˈməni æt ðə ˈpɔnˌʃɑp. sɪns ˈɛniˌwən taɪd tɪ ðə ˈrɑbəri kʊd lɛd ðə ist koʊst ˌɪˈtæljən ˈmɑfiə tɪ ðɛm, ðeɪ nid tɪ kɪl ˈɛvriˌwən ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. ˈbərni wɔrnz ˈninoʊ ðət ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi stilz frəm ðə ˌɪˈtæljən mɑb. ˈninoʊ ɪz ˈæŋgri bɪˈkəz ðə ˌɪˈtæljən mɑb həz ˈmɑrʤənəˌlaɪzd ənd ˌɪnˈsəltɪd ɪm bɪˈkəz əv hɪz ʤuɪʃ ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ. hi kənˈvɪnsɪz ˈbərni tɪ ˈfɑloʊ hɪz plæn. ˈbərni ˈmərdərz kʊk, ɛz hi ɪz ðə soʊl ˈwɪtnəs tɪ ðɛr əˈgrimənt. ˈæftər ˈʃænən rɪfˈjuzɪz tɪ dɪˈvəlʤ ðə ˈwɛrəˌbaʊts əv ðə ˈdraɪvər, ˈbərni kɪlz ɪm æt ðə ˈɔtoʊ ʃɑp wɪθ ə streɪt ˈreɪzər. æt ðə ˈɔtoʊ ʃɑp, ˈʃænən ˈɔfərz tɪ haɪd ðə ˈməni, bət ðə ˈdraɪvər rɪfˈjuzɪz. hi hənts daʊn kʊk ɪn ə strɪp kləb, sˈmæʃɪz hɪz ˈfɪŋgərz wɪθ ə ˈhæmər, θˈrɛtənz tɪ kɪl ɪm, ənd ɪm ðə ˈbʊlət ðət wɑz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ. kʊk rɪˈvilz ðət ˈninoʊ wɑz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈrɑbəri. ðə ˈdraɪvər ˌdɪˈsaɪdz tɪ rɪˈtərn ðə ˈməni, bət ˈninoʊ dɪsˈmɪsɪz ðə ˈɔfər ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd sɛndz ə ˈhɪtˌmæn tɪ ðə ˈdraɪvərz əˈpɑrtmənt ˈbɪldɪŋ. ðə ˈdraɪvər ˈɔfərz aɪˈrin tɪ ˈrənəˌweɪ wɪθ ɪm ənd ðə ˈməni bət ʃi slæps ɪm ɪn ˈæŋgər əv hər ˈhəzbəndz dɛθ ənd ðə ˈdraɪvərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt. ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈɛləˌveɪtər wɪθ hər, ðə ˈdraɪvər ɪnˈkaʊnərz ðə ˈhɪtˌmæn. hi ˈkɪsɪz aɪˈrin ənd ˈbrutəli ðə ˈhɪtˌmæn tɪ dɛθ, ˈlivɪŋ hər stənd ənd ˈhɔrəˌfaɪd. səˈpraɪzd ðət ˈninoʊ noʊz hɪz ˈæˌdrɛs, ðə ˈdraɪvər kənˈfrənts ˈʃænən, hu rɪˈvilz ðət hi ˈɔlsoʊ ənˈwɪtɪŋli ˈmɛnʃənd aɪˈrin. ðə ˈdraɪvər ædˈvaɪzɪz ˈʃænən tɪ fli fər hɪz ˈseɪfti. ðə ʤɑb goʊz əraɪ wɪn ðə ˈpɔnˌʃɑp ˈoʊnər ʃuts ənd kɪlz ˈstændərd waɪl ðə ˈdraɪvər ɪz ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ɪm wɪθ kʊks əˈkɑmpləs, blænʧ. pərˈsud baɪ ə mɪˈstɪriəs ˈædvərˌsɛri, ðə ˈdraɪvər ənd blænʧ ɪˈskeɪp ˈæftər ən ˌɪnˈtɛns kɑr ʧeɪs. ðə ˈdraɪvər haɪdz wɪθ blænʧ ɪn ə moʊˈtɛl wɛr hi lərnz frəm ə nuz rɪˈpɔrt ðət ðə ˈpɔnˌʃɑp ˈoʊnər kleɪmz ˈstændərd pərˈfɔrmd ðə ˈrɑbəri baɪ hɪmˈsɛlf ənd noʊ ˈməni hæd bɪn ˈstoʊlən. ðə ˈdraɪvər slæps ənd θˈrɛtənz tɪ hərt blænʧ wɪn ʃi laɪz əˈbaʊt biɪŋ əˈblɪviəs tɪ ðə ˈsɛkənd kɑr. ʃi ədˈmɪts ðət ðə bæg kənˈteɪnz ə ˈmɪljən ˈdɔlərz ənd ðət ʃi ənd kʊk plænd tɪ ðə ˈməni fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə kɑr ðət ʧeɪst ðɛm. tu əv kʊks mɛn ˈæmˌbʊʃ ðɛm ɪn ðɛr rum ənd kɪl blænʧ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈdraɪvər kɪlz ðɛm. ˈstændərd oʊz prəˈtɛkʃən ˈməni frəm hɪz taɪm ɪn ˈprɪzən ənd ɪz ˈbitən əp baɪ ælˈbeɪniən ˈgæŋstər kʊk, hu dɪˈmændz ðət ˈstændərd rɑb ə ˈpɔnˌʃɑp fər tɪ peɪ ɔf ðə dɛt. kʊk gɪvz ə ˈbʊlət ɛz ə ˈsɪmbəl ðət hi ənd hɪz ˈməðər ər ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər. ðə ˈdraɪvər, kənˈsərnd fər ðə ˈseɪfti əv aɪˈrin ənd, ˈɔfərz tɪ ækt ɛz ðə ˈgɛtəˌweɪ ˈdraɪvər fər ðə ˈpɔnˌʃɑp ˈrɑbəri. ən ənˈneɪmd ˈdraɪvər wərks ɛz ə mɪˈkænɪk, ə stənt ˈdəbəl, ə stənt ˈdraɪvər, ənd ə ˈgɛtəˌweɪ kɑr ˈdraɪvər ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. hɪz ʤɑbz ər ɔl ˈmænɪʤd baɪ ˈɔtoʊ ʃɑp ˈoʊnər ˈʃænən, hu pərsˈweɪdz ʤuɪʃ ˈmɑbstərz ˈbərni roʊz ənd ˈninoʊ tɪ ˈpərʧəs ə kɑr fər ðə ˈdraɪvər tɪ reɪs. ðə ˈdraɪvər mits hɪz nu ˈneɪbər, aɪˈrin, ənd groʊz kloʊz tɪ hər ənd hər jəŋ sən,. ðɛr ˈbədɪŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ɪz ˌɪntərˈəptɪd wɪn ˌaɪˈrinz ˈhəzbənd, ˈstændərd ˈgeɪbriəl, ɪz riˈlist frəm ˈprɪzən. dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈɛdət aɪ wɑz ˈvɛri ˈteɪkən wɪθ ðɪs ˈlɪtəl kraɪm ˈstɔri ðət ʤeɪmz ˈsælɪs roʊt. aɪ fɛlt ðət ðə weɪ ðə wərld wɑz pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ðə bʊk dɪˈmændɪd ðət ɪts tru grɪt bi rɪˈteɪnd ɪn ðə skrɪpt. ðə grɪt kəmz frəm siɪŋ ðə wərld frəm ðə pɔɪnt əv vju əv ðə ˈdraɪvər ɪn ðə kɑr. ɪts ðoʊz ˈɛləmənts ðət aɪ fɛlt wər ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ rɪˈteɪn tɪ meɪk ðɪs fɪlm ə ˈvɛri juˈnik ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk ɪkˈspɪriəns. plæt ɔn prɪˈzərvɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti əv ðə bʊk ɪn ðə fɪlm ðə ˈnɑvəl draɪv baɪ ʤeɪmz ˈsælɪs wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn prəˈdusərz mɑrk plæt ənd ˈædəm ˈsigəl əv mɑrk plæt pərˈdəkʃənz ˈɔpʃənd ðə ˈnɑvəl ˈæftər ˈsigəl rɛd ə ˌrivˈju ɪn ˈpəblɪʃərz ðə ˈdraɪvər ˌɪnˈtrigd ˈsigəl bɪˈkəz hi wɑz "ðə kaɪnd əv ˈkɛrɪktər ju ˈrɛrli si ˌɛniˈmɔr hi wɑz ə mæn wɪθ ə ˈpərpəs; hi wɑz ˈvɛri gʊd æt wən θɪŋ ənd meɪd noʊ əˈpɑləˌʤiz fər ɪt". ðə ˈkɛrɪktər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd plæt, bɪˈkəz hi riˈmaɪndɪd ɪm əv ˈmuvi ˈhɪroʊz hi lʊkt əp tɪ ɛz ə ʧaɪld, ˈkɛrɪktərz ˈtɪpɪkəli pɔrˈtreɪd baɪ stiv məkˈwin ər klɪnt əˈkædəmi ˈskrinˌraɪtər ˈhɔˌseɪn əˈdæptɪd ðə ˈnɑvəl fər ðə skrin. hi fɛlt ɪt wɑz ə rɛr bʊk tɪ rɪˈsiv frəm ə ˈstudiˌoʊ bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz ʃɔrt, ˈglumi, ənd laɪk ə poʊəm. sɪns ðə ˈnɑvəl dɪz nɑt ˈprɛzənt ə ˈlɪniər ˈstɔri, bət həz ˈmɛni ˈflæʃˌbæks ənd ʤəmps əraʊnd ɪn taɪm, faʊnd ðə ˌædəpˈteɪʃən ˈʧælənʤɪŋ. hi fɛlt ðə nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈstrəkʧər meɪd ɪt "ə ˈvɛri ˈtrɪki ˈstrəkʧər" fər ə ˈfiʧər ə fɪlm ˌædəpˈteɪʃən əv draɪv wɑz fərst əˈnaʊnst ɪn ˈərli 2008 wɪθ nil ˈmɑrʃəl sɛt tɪ dɪˈrɛkt wət wɑz biɪŋ dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz "ən ˈækʃən ˈmɪstəri", plænd ɛz ə ˈstɑrɪŋ ˈviɪkəl fər ju ˈʤækmən. ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈstudiˌoʊz, wɪʧ hæd traɪd tɪ meɪk ə fɪlm ˈvərʒən fər səm taɪm, wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn baɪ ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2010 ˈmɑrʃəl ənd ˈʤækmən wər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. prəˈdusər mɑrk i. plæt ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ˈæktər raɪən əˈbaʊt draɪv ˈərli ɔn. plæt ɪkˈspleɪnd: "aɪ hæv ðɪs lɪst ðət aɪv kriˈeɪtɪd əv ˈvɛri ˈtæləntɪd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz huz wərk ˌɪnˈspaɪr mi ˈraɪtərz, dɪˈrɛktərz, ˈæktərz hum aɪ hæv tɪ wərk wɪθ ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ goʊ ˈɔntu əˈnəðər kərɪr ər du ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls wɪθ maɪ laɪf." nɪr ðə tɔp əv lɪst wɑz, hu, dɪˈspaɪt ˈhævɪŋ stɑrd ɪn ˈsɛvərəl fɪlmz əv dɪˈvərs ˈʒɑnrəz, hæd ˈnɛvər stɑrd ɪn ˈɛniˌθɪŋ laɪk draɪv. hi hæd ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn duɪŋ ən ˈprɑʤɛkt. sɛd ðət hi hæd bɪn pʊt ɔf baɪ ðə ˈmɛni ˈkɑrənt ˈækʃən ˈʒɑnrə fɪlmz ðət ˈfoʊkɪst mɔr ɔn stənts ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈkɛrɪktərz. bət hi rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ plæt əˈbaʊt tu deɪz ˈleɪtər, ɛz hi wɑz ˈstrɔŋli əˈtræktəd tɪ ðə plɑt ənd ðə ˈlidɪŋ roʊl əv ðə ənˈneɪmd ˈdraɪvər. hi θɔt ðə ˈstɔri hæd ə "ˈvɛri strɔŋ ˈkɛrɪktər" æt ɪts kɔr, ənd ə "ˈpaʊərfəl" ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈrɑtən təˈmɑtoʊz, wɑz æst wət hæd əˈtræktəd ɪm tɪ ðə fɪlm, ənd ˈwɛðər hi hæd rɛd ðə ˈərliər skrɪpt wɪn ˈʤækmən ənd dɪˈrɛktər nil ˈmɑrʃəl wər əˈtæʧt tɪ ɪt. hi sɛd: aɪ θɪŋk ðət maɪt bi ðə ərˈɪʤənəl wən aɪ rɛd. aɪ rɛd ə fju dræfts. aɪ rɛd wən ɛz wɛl wɛr hi ˈwəzənt ə stənt ˈdraɪvər æt ɔl, wɪʧ wɑz ə nuər dræft ˈmeɪbi ðæts ðə wən ju ˈʤækmən hæd; əm nɑt ʃʊr ɪgˈzæktli. ˈbeɪsɪkli wɪn aɪ rɛd ɪt, ɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt hu wʊd du ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs, ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ meɪk sɛns əv ðɪs ɪz ðət ðɪs ɪz ə gaɪ ðæts sin tu ˈmɛni ˈmuviz, ənd hiz ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ kənfˈjuz hɪz laɪf fər ə fɪlm. hiz lɔst ɪn ðə məˈθɑləˌʤi əv ˈhɑliˌwʊd ənd hiz bɪˈkəm ən əˌmælgəˈmeɪʃən əv ɔl ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz ðət hi wɪn saɪnd ɔn fər ðə ˈlidɪŋ roʊl, hi wɑz əˈlaʊd tɪ ʧuz ðə dɪˈrɛktər, ə fərst ɪn hɪz ðə ˈæktər ʧoʊz ðə ˈdeɪnɪʃ ˈfɪlˌmeɪkər ˈnɪkɔləs ˈwaɪndɪŋ, huz wərk hi ədˈmaɪərd. hi sɛd, "ɪt hæd tɪ bi [ɪm]. ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈəðər wɪn rɛd ðə fərst ˈskrinˌpleɪ fər draɪv, hi wɑz mɔr ˌɪnˈtrigd baɪ ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ə mæn ˈhævɪŋ ə splɪt ˌpərsəˈnælɪti, biɪŋ ə baɪ deɪ ənd ə ˈgɛtəˌweɪ ˈdraɪvər æt naɪt, ðən ðə plɑt əv ðə bɪˈlivɪŋ ðət ðə dɪˈrɛktər maɪt bi ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪtɪd baɪ ðə skrɪpt, ɛz ɪt wɑz ənˈlaɪk ˈɛniˌθɪŋ hi hæd dən ˌbiˈfɔr, hæd kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ˈwɔntɪd tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt. tʊk ɔn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt wɪˈθaʊt ˈkæstɪŋ ˈɛdət wɪn ˈkæstɪŋ roʊlz ɪn hɪz fɪlmz, dɪz nɑt wɔʧ ˈkæstɪŋ teɪps ər hæv hɪz ˈæktərz ɑˈdɪʃən fər ɪm. ˌɪnˈstɛd, hi mits wɪθ ðɛm, ənd kæsts ðɛm ɔn ðə spɑt ɪf hi filz ðeɪ ər draɪv wɑz ðə fərst fɪlm ðət ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈæktrəs ˈkɛri ˈməlɪgən saɪnd ɔn tɪ du ˈæftər biɪŋ ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd fər ən əˈkædəmi əˈwɔrd fər hər roʊl ɪn ən ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən 2009 wɪʧ wɑz dɪˈrɛktɪd baɪ loʊn scherfig*, ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈdeɪnɪʃ ˈfɪlˌmeɪkər. juzd tɪ ˈbeɪbisɪt wɪn hi wɑz ə ʧaɪld, ənd ðeɪ hæv bɪˈkəm gʊd æt ðə taɪm əv ˈkæstɪŋ, hæd nɑt sin ən ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. bət hɪz waɪf wɑz ə bɪg fæn əv ðə fɪlm ənd pərˈfɔrməns, ənd ʃi ərʤd ɪm tɪ kæst ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl skrɪpt, ðə ˈkɛrɪktər wɑz ə hɪˈspænɪk ˈwʊmən neɪmd ˌɪˈrinə. ðə ˈkɛrɪktər wɑz ʧeɪnʤd tɪ aɪˈrin ˈæftər ˈməlɪgən wɑz kæst; sɛd ðət hi "ˈkʊdənt faɪnd ˈɛni ˈæktrəs ðət wʊd klɪk wɪθ [ɪm] waɪl ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə fɪlm, hæd səm kæst ənd pərˈdəkʃən ˈmɛmbərz muv ɪn ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli wɪθ ɪm, hɪz waɪf ənd tu ˈdɔtərz ɪn ðɛr hoʊm ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈkɛri ənd ˈhɔˌseɪn, ðə ˈskrinˌraɪtər. ðɪs ɪˈneɪbəld ðɛm tɪ bi ˌɪˈmərst ɪn ðə fɪlm. ənd meɪd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl skrɪpt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs 16 ˈhævɪŋ sin ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv krɪˈstinə ˈhɛndrɪks (ˈpɪkʧərd) ənd ˈfaɪndɪŋ hər ˈvɛri ˈbjutəfəl, waɪf ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd hər fər ðə roʊl əv blænʧ. braɪən ˈkrænstən pleɪz ðə roʊl əv nu hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kæst ˈkrænstən, ɛz hi wɑz ə fæn əv hɪz wərk ɪn ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsɪriz ˈbreɪkɪŋ bæd. noʊɪŋ ˈkrænstən hæd ˈəðər ˌɑpərˈtunətiz, æst ðə ˈæktər haʊ hi wʊd laɪk tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ðə roʊl. ˈæftər nɑt ˈhirɪŋ bæk, kɔld ɪm; ˈkrænstən wɑz ʤɪst ðɛn ˈraɪtɪŋ ðə proʊz ənd kɑnz əv duɪŋ draɪv fər hɪmˈsɛlf. muvd baɪ ˈɪntəˌrɛst, ˈkrænstən ækˈsɛptɪd ðə krɪˈstinə ˈhɛndrɪks pleɪz ðə smɔl roʊl əv "traɪɪŋ tɪ wərk ɪn ə mɔr ˌriˈæləˌti ərˈinə fər ə ˈkɛrɪktər laɪk ðət," ərˈɪʤənəli ˌɔˈdɪʃənd pɔrn stɑrz fər blænʧ. hi wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ faɪnd ˈɛniˌwən wɪθ ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈæktɪŋ ˈtælənt. ˈæftər ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ˈhɛndrɪks, hi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ kæst hər ɛz hi fɛlt hər pərˈsoʊnə wʊd klɪk wɪθ ðə ˈælbərt brʊks pleɪz ðə foul-mouthed*, məroʊs ˈbərni roʊz. wɪn səˈʤɛstɪd ɪm, əˈgrid, bət θɔt ðə ˈæktər maɪt nɑt wɔnt tɪ pleɪ ə ˈkɛrɪktər hu ɪz ˈvaɪələnt ənd ˈsələn, ər əˈpɪr ɪn ə fɪlm ðət hi dɪd nɑt wərk ɔn brʊks ækˈsɛptɪd ðə roʊl tɪ goʊ əˈgɛnst taɪp, ənd bɪˈkəz hi ləvd ðət ˈbərni wɑz nɑt ə cliché*é. ðɛr ər sɪks ˈpipəl ju kʊd ˈɔlˌweɪz gɪt tɪ pleɪ ðɪs kaɪnd əv pɑrt, ənd aɪ laɪk ðət ðə dɪˈrɛktər wɑz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə bɑks. fər mi, ɪt wɑz ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ækt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə bɑks. aɪ laɪkt ðət ðɪs ˈmɑbstər hæd ril staɪl. ˈɔlsoʊ, hi ˈdəzənt gɪt əp ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈkɪlɪŋ ˈpipəl. hiz sæd əˈbaʊt ɪt. ˈəpˌsɛt əˈbaʊt ɪt. ɪts ə keɪs əv, 'lʊk wət ju meɪd mi ˈninoʊ, ə ki ˈvɪlən, ɪz pɔrˈtreɪd baɪ rɑn ˈpərlmən, wən əv ðə læst ˈæktərz tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə kæst. sɛd, "ðə ˈkɛrɪktər əv ˈninoʊ wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli nɑt ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ, soʊ aɪ æst rɑn waɪ hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bi ɪn maɪ ˈmuvi wɪn hiz dən soʊ ˈmɛni greɪt fɪlmz. wɪn ˈpərlmən sɛd, 'aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈwɔntɪd tɪ pleɪ ə ʤuɪʃ mæn hu wɔnts tɪ bi ən ˌɪˈtæljən ˈgæŋstər', ənd aɪ æst waɪ, ənd hi sɛd, 'bɪˈkəz ðæts wət aɪ æm ə ʤuɪʃ bɔɪ frəm nu jɔrk', wɛl, ðət ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli sɪˈmɛntɪd ɪt fər ˈɔskər ˈaɪzɪk pɔrˈtreɪz ə ləˈtinoʊ ˈkɑnvɪkt neɪmd ˈstændərd, hu ɪz ˈmɛrid tɪ aɪˈrin ənd ɪz riˈlist frəm ˈprɪzən ə wik ˈæftər aɪˈrin mits ðə ˈdraɪvər. ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðə roʊl ˈsəmˈwət ˌənəˈpilɪŋ, hi dɪˈvɛləpt ðə ˈɑrkˈtaɪpəl ˈkɛrɪktər ˈɪntu ˈsəmθɪŋ mɔr. hi sɛd əv ðə roʊl: ɛz sun ɛz aɪ sæt daʊn wɪθ ˈnɪkɔləs, hi ɪkˈspleɪnd ðɪs ˈjunəˌvərs ənd wərld əv ðə ˈstɔri, soʊ wi meɪd ðə ˈkɛrɪktər ˈɪntu ˈsəmˌwən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈoʊnɪŋ ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt, ˈsəmˌwən hu meɪd səm rɔŋ dɪˈsɪʒənz ɪn hɪz laɪf, ˈɛndɪŋ əp ɪn ə bæd pleɪs. baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ 'ˈstændərd' mɔr spɪˈsɪfɪk ənd mɔr ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ, wi faʊnd ðət ɪt meɪd ðə ˈstɔri ðət mɔr ˈfɪlmɪŋ ənd ˌsɪnɪməˈtɑgrəfi ˈɛdət ðə fɪlm wɑz meɪd ɔn ə pərˈdəkʃən ˈbəʤɪt əv əˈbaʊt 15 ˈmɪljən ənd ʃɑt ɪn ˈvɛriəs pɑrts əv lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs, bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 25 loʊˈkeɪʃənz wər pɪkt baɪ waɪl droʊv ɪm əraʊnd ðə ˈsɪti æt naɪt. æt ðə dɪˈrɛktərz rɪkˈwɛst, lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs wɑz pɪkt ɛz ðə ˈʃutɪŋ loʊˈkeɪʃən du tɪ ˈbəʤɪt muvd ˈɪntu ə pləʃ lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs hoʊm ənd ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ðə kæst ˈmɛmbərz ənd ˈskrinˌraɪtər muv ɪn wɪθ ɪm. ðeɪ wʊd wərk ɔn ðə skrɪpt ənd fɪlm ɔl deɪ, ðɛn wɔʧ fɪlmz, ˈɛdət, ər draɪv æt æst ðət ðə ˈɛdɪtɪŋ swit bi pleɪst ɪn hɪz hoʊm ɛz wɪθ ə ˈʃutɪŋ skrɪpt əv 81 ˈpeɪʤɪz, ənd kənˈtɪnjud tɪ trɪm daʊn ˈdaɪəˌlɔg ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ʧeɪs sin, ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈkɛrɪktər, wɑz fɪlmd praɪˈmɛrəli baɪ wɪˈθɪn ðə kɑrz ˌɪnˈtɪriər. ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju, hi sɛd hi ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd fər ðɪs sin tɪ ˈɛmjəˌleɪt ðə ˈfilɪŋ əv ə "ˈdaɪvər ɪn ən ˈoʊʃən əv ʃɑrks," ənd ˈnɛvər lɛft ðə ˈviɪkəl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kɑr ʧeɪs soʊ ðət ðə ˈɔdiəns kən si wəts ˈhæpənɪŋ frəm ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz pɔɪnt əv taɪt ɔn ˈməni ənd taɪm, hi ʃɑt ðə sin ɪn tu deɪz. wɪθ tu ˈdɪfərənt ˈsɛˌtəps priˈpɛrd ɪn ðə kɑr, ðə dɪˈrɛktər faʊnd ɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ hæv moʊˈbɪlɪti wɪθ ðə ˈkæmərə, soʊ hi wʊd swɪʧ ðə ˈkæmərə tɪ tu əˈdɪʃənəl ˈsɛˌtəps ˈnɪrˈbaɪ. ɛz ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs hæd bɪn rɪˈʤuvəˌneɪtɪd, əˈvɔɪdɪd ˈsərtən ˈɛriəz tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə ˈnɑvəlz ˈglumi ˈætməsˌfɪr. ðə sin wɑz ʃɑt æt loʊ ˈæŋgəlz wɪθ ˈmɪnəməl ðə ˈɛləˌveɪtər ˈsikwəns wɑz ʃɑt wɪˈθaʊt ɪkˈspleɪnd: ə sin laɪk ðə ˈɛləˌveɪtər ˈsikwəns ɪn draɪv, fər ˈɪnstəns, həz noʊ ˈdaɪəˌlɔg, ʤɪst ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈstənɪŋ ˈvɪʒwəlz ənd ˈgræfɪk ˈɪmɪʤri ðæts ə praɪm ɪgˈzæmpəl əv haʊ ðə fɪlm kənˈveɪz soʊ ˈmɛni aɪˈdiəz ənd ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz θru ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈrəðər ðən wərdz. mæt bəroʊn, ˈkɑmplɛks ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈnɪkələs ˈwaɪndɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈʃutɪŋ ðə sin, spoʊk tɪ ˈgæspər noé*é ənd æst ɪm haʊ hi hæd dən ə ˈsɪmələr sin ɪn hɪz fɪlm ˈkrɔsɪŋ ðə laɪn frəm ˈroʊmæns tɪ ˈvaɪələns, ðə sin bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ðə ˈdraɪvər ənd aɪˈrin ˈkɪsɪŋ ˈtɛndərli. wət ðeɪ ʃɛr ɪz ˈrɪli ə ˌgʊdˈbaɪ ðə ˈdraɪvər bɪˈkəmz ə kaɪnd əv ˈvaɪələntli ˈstɑmpɪŋ ðə hɪt mænz hɛd ɪn. aɪˈrin siz ðə ˈdraɪvər ɪn ə nu əv ðɪs sin sɛd: ˈɛvəri ˈmuvi həz tɪ hæv ə hɑrt ə pleɪs wɛr ɪt dɪˈfaɪnz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ənd ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈmuvi aɪv meɪd ðɛrz ˈɔlˌweɪz ə sin ðət dɪz ðət. ɔn draɪv, ɪt wɑz hɑrd fər mi tɪ ræp maɪ hɛd əraʊnd ɪt. aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd aɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ ʃoʊ ɪn wən ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ðət ˈdraɪvər ɪz ðə ˈhoʊpləsli roʊˈmæntɪk naɪt, bət hiz ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈplitli ˌsaɪˈkɑtɪk ənd ɪz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ juz ˈɛni kaɪnd əv ˈvaɪələns tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈɪnəsəns. bət ðət sin wɑz ˈnɛvər ˈrɪtən. ɛz aɪ wɑz goʊɪŋ əˈlɔŋ, ɪt ʤɪst kaɪnd əv pɑpt ɪn mɑrʧ 2012 ˌɪnˈtɪriərz, ən ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈʤərnəl kənˈsərnd wɪθ ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər ənd fɪlm, ˈpəblɪʃt ən ˈɪʃu ðət dɪˈskəst haʊ speɪs ɪz juzd ɪn ðɪs sin. ðə ˈɪʃu ˈhaɪˌlaɪts juz əv kənˈstrɪktəd speɪs ənd hɪz weɪ əv kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈbæləns bɪtˈwin ˈroʊmæns ənd draɪv ˈdɪʤətəli wɪθ ən əˈlɛksə ˈkæmərə. wɪθ ən əˈlɛksə ˈkæmərə. ˈjuzɪŋ ðə əˈlɛksə ˈkæmərə, ˌsɪnɪməˈtɑgrəfər ˈnutən ˈtɑməs ˈsɪgəl ʃɑt ðə fɪlm əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv prəˈdusər ˈdeɪvɪd ˈlæŋkəstər, ðə fɪlm həz əˈbəndənt, ɪˈvɑkətɪv, ˌɪnˈtɛns ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ðət ər nɑt ˈɔfən sin. "frəm ðə ˈlɪtəl sin bæk strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn lɑ tɪ ðə draɪ ˈɛrəd ˈaʊtˌpoʊsts ɔn ðə piks əv ðə ˈdɛzərt ˈlænˌskeɪp sərˈaʊndɪŋ ɪt, ˈsigəl həz ən lɑ ɔl ðə weɪ daʊn tɪ ðə ˈrɑki klɪfs baɪ ðə kɑr sinz wər fɪlmd wɪθ ə "ˈbɪskət rɪg," ə ˈkæmərə kɑr rɪg dɪˈvɛləpt fər ðə fɪlm 2003 ɪt əˈlaʊd stənt ˈdraɪvər ˈrɑbərt ˈneɪgəl tɪ stɪr ðə kɑr, friɪŋ tɪ ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɔn kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ˈjuʒəwəl ˈvɪʒəwəl staɪl, ˈlɛnzɪz wər juzd ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli baɪ ˌsɪnɪməˈtɑgrəfər ˈsɪgəl, hu əˈvɔɪdɪd ˈhænˌdhɛld ˈkæmərə prɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ kip ðə fɪlm mɔr "ˈgraʊndɪd" ənd əˈθɛnɪk, hi ˈɔlsoʊ əˈvɔɪdɪd ðə juz əv kəmˈpjutərˈʤɛnərˌeɪtəd ˈɪmɪʤri (cgi*). ˈbəʤɪt riˈstrɪkʃənz wər ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈfæktər ɪn ðɪs ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈmɛni stənt ˈdraɪvərz ər ˈkrɛdɪtɪd, dɪd səm stənts ˈæftər kəmˈplitɪŋ ə stənt ˈdraɪvɪŋ kɑr kræʃ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə pərˈdəkʃən, ðə 1973 ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ ˈmæləbu juzd ɪn ðə fɪlm, ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪt əˈpɑrt ənd ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪt bæk ˈfɪlmɪŋ kənˈkludɪd ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 12 bɛθ ˈmɪkəl wɑz haɪərd ɛz ðə fɪlmz pərˈdəkʃən dɪˈzaɪnər ɔn ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən; ðeɪ hæd wərkt təˈgɛðər ɔn hæf ˈnɛlsən. praɪər tɪ ˈfɪlmɪŋ, ˈmɪkəl ˈsupərˌvaɪzd ə kru əv 40 ruˈtinli ˈwərkɪŋ 16 tɪ deɪz. ðɪs wɑz hər moʊst ɪkˈspɛnsɪv fɪlm tɪ deɪt, ənd ˈmɪkəl fɛlt friər sɪns "ðɛr wɑz əˈnəðər ˈziroʊ ˈædɪd tɪ ðə ˈbəʤɪt," kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðət əv hæf ðə kru bɪlt ðə ˈdraɪvərz əˈpɑrtmənt ˈbɪldɪŋ, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə ˈhɔlˌweɪ ənd ˈɛləˌveɪtər ðət lɪŋkt hɪz ˈjunɪt tɪ ˌaɪˈrinz. ˈmɪkəl ˈɔlsoʊ bɪlt ə strɪp kləb sɛt ənd ˈbərni ˈroʊzɪz əˈpɑrtmənt ɪn ən əˈbændənd ˈbɪldɪŋ. ˈtərnɪŋ ə "run-of-the-mill*" lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈɔtoʊ ˈbɑdi ʃɑp ˈɪntu ə ˌgrændiˈoʊs ˈdilərˌʃɪp wɑz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈʧælənʤɪŋ tæsks. ˈpeɪnɪŋ ðə wɔlz ən ɪˈlɛktrɪk blu ˈkələr, ʃi fɪld ðə ˈʃoʊˌrʊm wɪθ ˈvɪntɪʤ waɪl draɪv ɪz sɛt ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt deɪ, ɪt həz ə ˈætməsˌfɪr, ˈəndərˌlaɪnd baɪ ðə ˈviɪkəlz, mˈjuzɪk, ənd kloʊðz, ənd baɪ ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər. ðə pɑrts əv ðə ˈsɪti sin ɪn ðə ˈvæli ənd nɪr ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ər ʧip ˈstəkoʊ ənd ˈmɪrərd glæs; ðə fɪlm ɪkˈskludz ˈbɪldɪŋz kənˈstrəktɪd mɔr dræb ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈsɛtɪŋz ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈsəðərn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə kəˈmərʃəl strɪp. ɛz ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs taɪmz ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, wɛˈnɛvər ˈglimɪŋ ˈbɪldɪŋz ər ʃoʊn, ɪt ɪz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər biɪŋ sin frəm ə ˈdɪstəns. ʃɑt ðoʊz sinz frəm ə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər æt naɪt ɪn ˈbəŋkər hɪl, lɔs mˈjuzɪk ˈɛdət ʧoʊz ˈʤɑni ʤuəl əv dɪˈzaɪər ənd ðə tɪ skɔr ðə fɪlm. hi ˈwɔntɪd ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk mˈjuzɪk ənd tɪ hæv ɪt bi ˈæbˌstrækt, ɔn əˈkeɪʒən, soʊ vjuərz kən si θɪŋz frəm ðə ˈdraɪvərz ɛz wɑz goʊɪŋ θru ˈmɪksər ˈkætəlɔg, hi pɪkt aʊt "ˈəndər jʊr spɛl" ənd "tɪk əv ðə klɑk" bɪˈkəz hi θɔt əv draɪv biɪŋ ə ˈfɛri teɪl. ˈdʊrɪŋ draɪvz ˈklaɪˌmæks, "ə ril ˈkiˌnoʊt ˈmɛlədi, əˈbaʊt bɪˈkəmɪŋ "ə ril ˈjumən biɪŋ, ənd ə ril ˈhɪroʊ", rɪˈfreɪnz bɪˈkəz ðət ɪz wɪn ðə ˈdraɪvər dɪˈspleɪz boʊθ ðoʊz æt fərst, ʤuəl ˈwərid ðət "ˈəndər jʊr spɛl" maɪt bi tu ˈlɪtərəl, bət sun ˈriəˌlaɪzd ɪt ɪz juzd ɪn draɪv "ɪn ðə ɪgˈzækt seɪm weɪ ðət aɪ wɑz ˈfilɪŋ ɪt wɪn aɪ roʊt ɪt. hi ˈdɛfənətli gɑt ðə nuɑns əv ðə sɔŋ, ənd ˌəndərˈstʊd wət ɪt wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ min, ənd hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪv ðət ˈiˌmoʊʃən tɪ ðə vjuər, ðət seɪm ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əv mˈjuzɪk ɪn tərmz əv ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɛləmənts, ʤuəl wʊd tɛl ðə dɪˈrɛktər ðət fər ˈsərtən sinz, ɪt ʃʊd nɑt hæv bæs sɪns, ɛz ən ərθ toʊn, ɪt ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli juzd fər ə mɔr ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ər ˈɑmənəs pɑrt. ʤuəl θɔt ðə mˈjuzɪk ʃʊd bi ɪn ðə ˈəpər ˈrɛʤɪstər ənd rɪˈlæksɪŋ fər ðə "ˈdrimˌlaɪk" sin. tɪ hɛlp hɪmˈsɛlf wɪθ ðə mˈjuzɪk ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs, ənd tɪ ˈkɑnʤər əp ˈmɛlədiz, ðə prəˈdusər wʊd ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ˈmɛni ˈfreɪzɪz frəm ðə ˈnɑvəl, ðɛn prɪnt ðoʊz wərdz ɪn lɑrʤ fɑnt, ənd həŋ ðɛm ɔn hɪz wɔlz ər drɔ ˈpɪkʧərz ˈdʊrɪŋ əv ˌɔlˈðoʊ mˈjuzɪk wɑz juzd ɪn ðə skɔr, æt ðə læst ˈmɪnət ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ haɪərd kəmˈpoʊzər klɪf mɑrˈtinɛz tɪ ˈɪməˌteɪt ðə staɪl ənd fil əv bændz ənd glæs geɪv ɪm ə ˈsæmplɪŋ əv sɔŋz hi laɪkt ənd æst mɑrˈtinɛz tɪ ˈɛmjəˌleɪt ðə saʊnd, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn "ə kaɪnd əv ˈrɛtroʊ, 80ish*, ˈsɪnθəˌsaɪzər europop*". ˈɛdɪtər mæt ˈnumən səˈʤɛstɪd draɪvz ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈkrɛdɪts sɔŋ: "nightcall*" baɪ frɛnʧ ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk mjuˈzɪʃən moʊst əv ɪts ɪˈθɪriəl skɔr wɑz kəmˈpoʊzd baɪ wɑz ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr fæn əv hɪz ˈæmbiənt mˈjuzɪk ɔn ðə sɛks, laɪz, ənd ˈvɪdioʊˈteɪp ðə skɔr kənˈteɪnz træks wɪθ ˈvɪntɪʤ ˈkiˌbɔrdz ənd ˈbləntli dɪˈskrɪptɪv ʤuəl riˈwərkt hɪz ənˈjuzd ˈsaʊnˌtræk fər ðə fɪlm ˈɪntu θimz fər ən ˌɪˈmæʤəˌnɛri fɪlm, ðə ˈdeɪbju ˈælbəm baɪ hɪz ə ˈsaʊnˌtræk fər ðə fɪlm wɑz prəˈdust fər ðə ˌbibiˈsi baɪ zeɪn loʊ fər ɪts ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈbrɔdˌkæst ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2014 ðə ˈsaʊnˌtræk ˌɪnˈkludɪd ərˈɪʤənəl mˈjuzɪk frəm chvrches*, bæŋks, ˌbæˈstɪl, ˈɛrɪk prydz*, sbtrkt*, brɪŋ mi ðə hərˈaɪzən, ðə 1975 ənd ˈlɔrə

producers marc platt and adam siegel optioned sallis's 2005 novel, after siegel read a review from publishers weekly . adapting the book proved to be challenging for amini, as it had a nonlinear narrative . gosling, one of platt's top casting choices, eventually signed on for the lead, as he wanted to star in an action-oriented project. gosling played a pivotal role in the film's production, which included hiring refn as director and beth mickle as production designer . newton thomas sigel oversaw the principal photography , which started on september 25, 2010, was shot on location in various parts of los angeles , and ended on november 12. the driver, disguising himself with a rubber stuntman's mask, follows nino from the pizzeria to the pacific coast highway and t-bones his car onto a beach; he chases nino from the wreck to the ocean and drowns him. he makes a phone call to irene to tell her he is leaving and that meeting her and benicio was the best thing that ever happened to him. the driver meets bernie, who promises that irene will be safe in exchange for the money. he gives bernie the money, but bernie stabs him in the stomach. the driver pulls out his own knife and fatally stabs bernie. he abandons the money next to bernie's corpse and leaves. irene knocks on the driver's apartment door to no avail. albeit wounded, the driver drives off into the night. at his pizzeria, nino reveals to bernie that a low-level philadelphia wise guy from the "east coast mob" stashed the money at the pawnshop. since anyone tied to the robbery could lead the east coast italian mafia to them, they need to kill everyone involved. bernie warns nino that nobody steals from the italian mob. nino is angry because the italian mob has marginalized and insulted him because of his jewish heritage. he convinces bernie to follow his plan. bernie murders cook, as he is the sole witness to their agreement. after shannon refuses to divulge the whereabouts of the driver, bernie kills him at the auto shop with a straight razor. at the auto shop, shannon offers to hide the money, but the driver refuses. he hunts down cook in a strip club, smashes his fingers with a hammer, threatens to kill him, and force-feeds him the bullet that was given to benicio. cook reveals that nino was behind the robbery. the driver decides to return the money, but nino dismisses the offer and instead sends a hitman to the driver's apartment building. the driver offers irene to runaway with him and the money but she slaps him in anger of her husband's death and the driver's involvement. entering the elevator with her, the driver encounters the hitman. he kisses irene and brutally stomps the hitman to death, leaving her stunned and horrified. surprised that nino knows his address, the driver confronts shannon, who reveals that he also unwittingly mentioned irene. the driver advises shannon to flee for his safety. the job goes awry when the pawnshop owner shoots and kills standard while the driver is waiting for him with cook's accomplice, blanche. pursued by a mysterious adversary, the driver and blanche escape after an intense car chase. the driver hides with blanche in a motel where he learns from a news report that the pawnshop owner claims standard performed the robbery by himself and no money had been stolen. the driver slaps and threatens to hurt blanche when she lies about being oblivious to the second car. she admits that the bag contains a million dollars and that she and cook planned to re-steal the money for themselves using the car that chased them. two of cook's men ambush them in their room and kill blanche before the driver kills them. standard owes protection money from his time in prison and is beaten up by albanian gangster cook, who demands that standard rob a pawnshop for $40,000 to pay off the debt. cook gives benicio a bullet as a symbol that he and his mother are in danger. the driver, concerned for the safety of irene and benicio, offers to act as the getaway driver for the pawnshop robbery. an unnamed driver works as a mechanic, a stunt double, a stunt driver, and a criminal-for-hire getaway car driver in los angeles, california. his jobs are all managed by auto shop owner shannon, who persuades jewish mobsters bernie rose and nino to purchase a car for the driver to race. the driver meets his new neighbor, irene, and grows close to her and her young son, benicio. their budding relationship is interrupted when irene's husband, standard gabriel, is released from prison. development edit i was very taken with this little crime story that james sallis wrote. i felt that the way the world was presented in the book demanded that its true grit be retained in the script. the grit comes from seeing the world from the point of view of the driver in the car. it's those elements that i felt were critical to retain to make this film a very unique cinematic experience. —marc platt on preserving the integrity of the book in the film adaptation.[5] the novel drive by james sallis was published in 2005.[6] producers marc platt and adam siegel of marc platt productions optioned the novel after siegel read a review in publishers weekly.[7] the driver intrigued siegel because he was "the kind of character you rarely see anymore he was a man with a purpose; he was very good at one thing and made no apologies for it". the character interested platt, because he reminded him of movie heroes he looked up to as a child, characters typically portrayed by steve mcqueen or clint eastwood.[7] academy award-nominated screenwriter hossein amini adapted the novel for the screen. he felt it was a rare book to receive from a studio because it was short, gloomy, and like a poem. since the novel does not present a linear story, but has many flashbacks and jumps around in time, amini found the adaptation challenging. he felt the non-linear structure made it "a very tricky structure" for a feature film.[5] a film adaptation of drive was first announced in early 2008, with neil marshall set to direct what was being described as "an l.a.-set action mystery", planned as a starring vehicle for hugh jackman. universal studios, which had tried to make a film version for some time, was also on board.[8][9] by february 2010, marshall and jackman were no longer attached to the project. producer marc e. platt contacted actor ryan gosling about drive early on. platt explained: "i have this list that i've created of very talented individuals whose work inspire me writers, directors, actors whom i have to work with before i go onto another career or do something else with my life." near the top of platt's list was gosling, who, despite having starred in several films of diverse genres, had never starred in anything like drive. he had always been interested in doing an action-oriented project. gosling said that he had been put off by the many current action genre films that focused more on stunts instead of characters. but he responded to platt about two days later, as he was strongly attracted to the plot and the leading role of the unnamed driver. he thought the story had a "very strong character" at its core, and a "powerful" romance.[10] in an interview with rotten tomatoes, gosling was asked what had attracted him to the film, and whether he had read the earlier script when jackman and director neil marshall were attached to it. he said: i think that might be the original one i read. i read a few drafts. i read one as well where he wasn't a stunt driver at all, which was a newer draft maybe that's the one hugh jackman had; i'm not sure exactly. basically when i read it, in trying to figure out who would do something like this, the only way to make sense of this is that this is a guy that's seen too many movies, and he's started to confuse his life for a film. he's lost in the mythology of hollywood and he's become an amalgamation of all the characters that he admires.[11] when gosling signed on for the leading role, he was allowed to choose the director, a first in his career.[12] the actor chose the danish filmmaker nicolas winding refn, whose work he admired. he said, "it had to be [him]. there was no other choice."[12][13] when refn read the first screenplay for drive, he was more intrigued by the concept of a man having a split personality, being a stuntman by day and a getaway driver at night, than the plot of the story.[14] believing that the director might be intimidated by the script, as it was unlike anything he had done before, gosling had concerns about whether refn wanted to participate. refn took on the project without hesitation.[14] casting edit when casting roles in his films, refn does not watch casting tapes or have his actors audition for him. instead, he meets with them, and casts them on the spot if he feels they are right.[16] drive was the first film that british actress carey mulligan signed on to do after being nominated for an academy award for her role in an education (2009), which was directed by lone scherfig, also a danish filmmaker. (scherfig used to babysit refn when he was a child, and they have become good friends).[17] at the time of mulligan's casting, refn had not seen an education. but his wife was a big fan of the film and mulligan's performance, and she urged him to cast her.[18] in the original script, the character was a hispanic woman named irina. the character was changed to irene after mulligan was cast; refn said that he "couldn't find any actress that would click with [him] personally".[19] while working on the film, refn had some cast and production members move in temporarily with him, his wife and two daughters in their home in los angeles. this included carey mulligan[20] and hossein amini, the screenwriter. this enabled them to be immersed in the film. refn and amini made significant changes to the original script during this time.[21] [16] having seen photos of christina hendricks (pictured) and finding her very beautiful, refn's wife recommended her for the role of blanche. bryan cranston plays the role of shannon.[22] refn knew he wanted to cast cranston, as he was a fan of his work in the tv series breaking bad. knowing cranston had other opportunities, refn asked the actor how he would like to develop the role. after not hearing back, refn called him; cranston was just then writing the pros and cons of doing drive for himself. moved by refn's interest, cranston accepted the part.[16] christina hendricks plays the small role of blanche.[22] "trying to work in a more reality arena for a character like that," refn originally auditioned porn stars for blanche. he was unable to find anyone with the necessary acting talent. after meeting with hendricks, he decided to cast her as he felt her persona would click with the character.[16] albert brooks plays the foul-mouthed, morose bernie rose. when refn suggested him, gosling agreed, but thought the actor might not want to play a character who is violent and sullen, or appear in a film that he did not work on himself.[22] brooks accepted the role to go against type, and because he loved that bernie was not a cliché. there are six people you could always get to play this kind of part, and i like that the director was thinking outside of the box. for me, it was an opportunity to act outside the box. i liked that this mobster had real style. also, he doesn't get up in the morning thinking about killing people. he's sad about it. upset about it. it's a case of, 'look what you made me do.'[23] nino, a key villain, is portrayed by ron perlman, one of the last actors to join the cast. refn said, "the character of nino was originally not particularly interesting, so i asked ron why he wanted to be in my movie when he's done so many great films. when perlman said, 'i always wanted to play a jewish man who wants to be an italian gangster', and i asked why, and he said, 'because that's what i am a jewish boy from new york', well, that automatically cemented it for me."[22] oscar isaac portrays a latino convict named standard, who is married to irene and is released from prison a week after irene meets the driver. finding the role somewhat unappealing, he developed the archetypal character into something more. he said of the role: as soon as i sat down with nicolas, he explained this universe and world of the story, so we made the character into someone interested in owning a restaurant, someone who made some wrong decisions in his life, ending up in a bad place. by making 'standard' more specific and more interesting, we found that it made the story that more compelling.[22] filming and cinematography edit the film was made on a production budget of about $15 million and shot in various parts of los angeles, beginning on september 25, 2010.[8][24] locations were picked by refn while gosling drove him around the city at night. at the director's request, los angeles was picked as the shooting location due to budget constraints.[25] refn moved into a plush los angeles home and insisted that the cast members and screenwriter amini move in with him. they would work on the script and film all day, then watch films, edit, or drive at night.[26] refn asked that the editing suite be placed in his home as well.[8] with a shooting script of 81 pages, refn and gosling continued to trim down dialogue during filming.[16] the opening chase scene, involving gosling's character, was filmed primarily by refn within the car's interior. in an interview, he said he intended for this scene to emulate the feeling of a "diver in an ocean of sharks," and never left the vehicle during the car chase so that the audience can see what's happening from the character's point of view.[27] tight on money and time, he shot the scene in two days. with two different set-ups prepared in the car, the director found it difficult to have mobility with the camera, so he would switch the camera to two additional set-ups nearby. as downtown los angeles had been rejuvenated, refn avoided certain areas to maintain the novel's gloomy atmosphere. the scene was shot at low angles with minimal light.[27] the elevator sequence was shot without dialogue.[28] refn explained: a scene like the elevator sequence in drive, for instance, has no dialogue, just a series of stunning visuals and graphic imagery that's a prime example of how the film conveys so many ideas and emotions through images rather than words. matt barone, complex interview with nicholas winding refn.[29] before shooting the head-smashing scene, refn spoke to gaspar noé and asked him how he had done a similar scene in his film irréversible (2002).[8] crossing the line from romance to violence, the scene begins with the driver and irene kissing tenderly. what they share is really a goodbye kiss.[30] the driver becomes a kind of "werewolf,"[31] violently stomping the hit man's head in. irene sees the driver in a new light.[28] of this scene refn said: every movie has to have a heart a place where it defines itself and in every movie i've made there's always a scene that does that. on drive, it was hard for me to wrap my head around it. i realized i needed to show in one situation that driver is the hopelessly romantic knight, but he's also completely psychotic and is willing to use any kind of violence to protect innocence. but that scene was never written. as i was going along, it just kind of popped up.[32] in march 2012, interiors, an online journal concerned with the relationship between architecture and film, published an issue that discussed how space is used in this scene. the issue highlights refn's use of constricted space and his way of creating a balance between romance and violence.[33] drive digitally with an arri alexa camera. refn shotdigitally with an arri alexa camera. using the arri alexa camera, cinematographer newton thomas sigel shot the film digitally.[34] according to executive producer david lancaster, the film has abundant, evocative, intense images of los angeles that are not often seen. "from the little seen back streets of downtown la to the dry arid outposts on the peaks of the desert landscape surrounding it, siegel has re-imagined an la all the way down to the rocky cliffs by the sea."[35] car scenes were filmed with a "biscuit rig," a camera car rig developed for the film seabiscuit (2003). it allowed stunt driver robert nagle to steer the car, freeing gosling to concentrate on acting.[36] consistent with refn's usual visual style, wide-angle lenses were used extensively by cinematographer sigel, who avoided hand-held camera work.[35] preferring to keep the film more "grounded" and authentic, he also avoided the use of computer-generated imagery (cgi). budget restrictions were also a factor in this decision.[37] although many stunt drivers are credited, gosling did some stunts himself,[38] after completing a stunt driving car crash course.[39] during the production, gosling re-built the 1973 chevrolet malibu used in the film, taking it apart and putting it back together.[40] filming concluded on november 12, 2010.[24][41] beth mickle was hired as the film's production designer on gosling's recommendation; they had worked together on 2006's half nelson. prior to filming, mickle supervised a crew of 40, routinely working 16- to 18-hour days. this was her most expensive film to date, and mickle felt freer since "there was another zero added to the budget," compared to that of half nelson.[42] the crew built the driver's apartment building, which included a hallway and elevator that linked his unit to irene's. mickle also built a strip club set and bernie rose's apartment in an abandoned building. turning a "run-of-the-mill" los angeles auto body shop into a grandiose dealership was one of the most challenging tasks. painting the walls an electric blue color, she filled the showroom with vintage cars.[42] while drive is set in the present day, it has a 1980s atmosphere, underlined by the vehicles, music, and clothes, and by the architecture. the parts of the city seen in the valley and near downtown los angeles are cheap stucco and mirrored glass; the film excludes buildings constructed more recently.[43] drab background settings include the southern california commercial strip. as the los angeles times pointed out, whenever gleaming buildings are shown, it is because they are being seen from a distance. refn shot those scenes from a helicopter at night in bunker hill, los angeles.[43] music edit refn chose johnny jewel of desire and the chromatics to score the film. he wanted electronic music and to have it be abstract, on occasion, so viewers can see things from the driver's perspective.[44] as refn was going through mixer jewel's catalog, he picked out "under your spell" and "tick of the clock" because he thought of drive being a fairy tale. during drive's climax, "a real hero"'s keynote melody, about becoming "a real human being, and a real hero", refrains because that is when the driver displays both those characteristics.[45] at first, jewel worried that "under your spell" might be too literal, but soon realized it is used in drive "in the exact same way that i was feeling it when i wrote it. he definitely got the nuance of the song, and understood what it was supposed to mean, and he wanted to give that emotion to the viewer, that same feeling."[44] thinking of music in terms of basic elements, jewel would tell the director that for certain scenes, it should not have bass since, as an earth tone, it is usually used for a more emotional or ominous part. jewel thought the music should be in the upper register and relaxing for the "dreamlike" scene. to help himself with the music composition process, and to conjure up melodies, the producer would highlight many phrases from the novel, then print those words in large font, and hung them on his walls or draw pictures during viewings of drive.[44] although jewel's music was used in the score, at the last minute the studio hired composer cliff martinez to imitate the style and feel of jewel's bands chromatics and glass candy.[46] refn gave him a sampling of songs he liked and asked martinez to emulate the sound, resulting in "a kind of retro, 80ish, synthesizer europop". editor mat newman suggested drive's opening credits song: "nightcall" by french electronic musician kavinsky.[8][40] most of its ethereal electronic-pop score was composed by martinez.[47] refn was a particular fan of his ambient music on the sex, lies, and videotape soundtrack.[28] the score contains tracks with vintage keyboards and bluntly descriptive titles.[48] jewel reworked his unused soundtrack for the film into themes for an imaginary film, the debut album by his side-project symmetry.[49] a re-scored soundtrack for the film was produced for the bbc by zane lowe for its television broadcast in october 2014. the soundtrack included original music from chvrches, banks, bastille, eric prydz, sbtrkt, bring me the horizon, the 1975 and laura mvula.[50]

ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ laɪk mi, ˈprɑbəˌbli spɛnt ə fɛr bɪt əv ˈməni ɔn bʊks, ənd kɔrs məˈtɪriəlz ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz. ˈmeɪbi kin tɪ lərn ˈsəmθɪŋ nu kəmˈpjutər ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ər ˈwɛbˌsaɪt dɪˈzaɪn. ˈmeɪbi ju wɔnt tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ ə bɪg goʊl ˈluzɪŋ weɪt ər ˈgɪtɪŋ jʊr ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz ˈsɔrtɪd aʊt. ju ˈprɑbəˌbli gɪt ə ˈlɪtəl sərʤ əv ɪkˈsaɪtmənt wɛˈnɛvər ju pɪk əp ə nu bʊk ər saɪn əp fər ən ˈɔnˌlaɪn kɔrs. ʃʊr ðət goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈfaɪnəli əˈʧiv ˈsəmθɪŋ greɪt. ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz, ˈrɛdɪŋ goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt ju ˈɛniˌwɛr. ju nid tɪ pʊt wət ju rɛd ˈɪntu ˈækʃən. ənd ðət, fər moʊst əv ˈjuˈɛs, ɪz ðə təf bɪt. haʊ tɪ pʊt ɔl ðət greɪt ədˈvaɪs ˈɪntu ˈpræktɪs: 1 du ðə ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz ju noʊ haʊ lɑts əv bʊks hæv ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz fər ju tɪ traɪ aʊt? haʊ ˈɔfən du ju du ðɛm? ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈrɛrli ər ˈnɛvər. ənd ˈmeɪbi ju ˈfɪnɪʃ iʧ bʊk ˈfilɪŋ ə bɪt ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd: ju θɔt ðət ðɪs taɪm, ˈrɪli gɪt ˈsəmˌwɛr. baɪ ˈsɪmpli duɪŋ ðə ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz ˈivɪn ʤɪst ə fju əv ðɛm ˈmæsɪvli ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈvælju ðət ju gɪt frəm ðə bʊk (ər kɔrs). ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈkɑnsɛpts wɪl ˈsədənli bɪˈkəm ˈklɪrər ɛz ju pʊt ðɛm ˈɪntu ˈpræktɪs. faɪnd ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈmeɪkɪŋ ril ˈprɑˌgrɛs təˈwɔrdz jʊr goʊlz. 2 kip ə ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈʤərnəl wɪn ju ˈfɪnɪʃ ə bʊk, ju ˈprɑbəˌbli pʊt ɪt streɪt bæk ɔn ðə ʃɛlf. ju maɪt rɪˈmɛmbər wən ər tu ki pɔɪnts, ər ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ɪt tɪ ə frɛnd ju maɪt ˈivɪn ɪt ɪn ə fju mənθs ər jɪrz. bət ju ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli juz wət ˈlərnɪd. ə ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈʤərnəl gɪvz ju ə speɪs tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ɔn bʊks, waɪl ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɛm ənd ˈæftər ˈfɪnɪʃt. ju kən juz jʊr ˈʤərnəl tɪ: ʤɑt daʊn aɪˈdiəz ðət wər nu tɪ ju ˈkɑpi aʊt ˈɛni ki ˈsɛntənsɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˈɛni ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ wənz dɪˈskraɪb wət ju θɔt ər fɛlt əˈbaʊt ðə bʊk ˈrɛkərd ˈɛni ““aha”*” ˈmoʊmənts ðət əˈkərd waɪl ˈrɛdɪŋ 3 ˌdɪˈsaɪd ɔn ˈækʃən ˈaɪtəmz ənˈlɛs ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈstədi, ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt ˈrɛdɪŋ fər ðə seɪk əv əbˈzɔrbɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˈrɛdɪŋ bɪˈkəz ju wɔnt tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ. nɛkst taɪm ju ˈfɪnɪʃ ə ˈʧæptər əv jʊr bʊk, ər rɛd ə greɪt blɔg poʊst ər ˈmægəˌzin ˈɑrtɪkəl, ˌdɪˈsaɪd ɔn wən ˈækʃən ðət ju kʊd teɪk ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt. raɪt ɪt ɔn jʊr ˌtuˈdu lɪst. wən smɔl ˌtuˈdu ˈaɪtəm maɪt nɑt sim laɪk ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈwərθˈwaɪl bət ɪf ju hæv wən ˈækʃən pər ˈʧæptər, ər wən pər ˈɑrtɪkəl, ðɛn sun bi ˈmeɪkɪŋ fɑr ˈfæstər ˈprɑˌgrɛs ðən ɪf ʤɪst rɛd ðət məˈtɪriəl. 4 teɪk ə ˈriˌllaɪf kɔrs ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈkɔrsɪz ər greɪt fər ˈmɛni ˈrizənz: ˈɔfən ʧip, ju kən pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt frəm ˈɛniˌwɛr wɪθ ən ˈɪntərˌnɛt kəˈnɛkʃən, ənd ˈlɛsənz wɪl ˈnɔrməli bi rɪˈkɔrdɪd soʊ ðət ju ˈivɪn hæv tɪ ʃoʊ əp æt ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr taɪm. ðə ˈdrɔˌbæk tɪ ðɪs ɪz ðət ju meɪ wɛl faɪnd ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈsaɪnɪŋ əp fər ˈkɔrsɪz, əˈtɛndɪŋ wən ˈlɛsən, ənd ðɛn ˈdrɪftɪŋ əˈweɪ. ˈriˌllaɪf ˈkɔrsɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈtərnɪŋ əp æt ə spɪˈsɪfɪk taɪm, ˈɔfən ˈɛvəri wik. ðeɪ meɪ wɛl ˌɪnˈklud əˈsaɪnmənts ənd ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ə bɪt mɔr pricy*. ɔl əv ðɪs minz ðət bi fɑr mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ teɪk ˈækʃən ɔn ðə kɔrs məˈtɪriəlz. 5 fɔrm ə ˈmæstərˌmaɪnd grup ɪf gɑt ə ˈkəpəl əv frɛndz ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə ˈsɪmələr goʊl tɪ ju, gɪt təˈgɛðər wɪθ ðɛm ənd fɔrm ə ˈmæstərˌmaɪnd grup. gɪt hoʊld əv ˈkɑpiz əv ə gʊd kɔrs, ənd əˈgri tɪ rɛd ə ˈsərtən əˈmaʊnt iʧ wik. ˈɛvəri wik (ər ˈɛvəri ˈkəpəl əv wiks), gɪt təˈgɛðər ˈfeɪstuˈfeɪs ər ɔn ðə foʊn ənd dɪˈskəs wət rɛd. meɪk ʃʊr ðət ˈɛvəri ˈmɛmbər steɪts ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈækʃən ðət goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə nɛkst wik. wɪn ju mit əˈgɛn, stɑrt ɔf wɪθ ə soʊ ðət ˈmɛmbərz kən rɪˈpɔrt bæk ɔn ˈwɛðər ðeɪ əˈʧivd ðə goʊlz ðət ðeɪ sɛt fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ˈhævɪŋ ðə səˈpɔrt əv frɛndz ənd ə sɛns əv əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti tɪ ðɛm wɪl hɛlp ju əˈʧiv jʊr goʊlz məʧ ˈfæstər. du ju hæv stæks əv ˈdəsti bʊks ənd ˈmægəˌzinz (ər ˈklɔgɪŋ əp jʊr hɑrd draɪv)? haʊ ər ju goʊɪŋ tɪ stɑrt ˈjuzɪŋ ðə greɪt məˈtɪriəl ðət kəˈlɛktəd? fərˈgɛt tɪ ˈfɑloʊ əv tˈwɪtər! rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈɑrtɪkəlz: wərdz ðət ˈoʊvərˌkəm fɪr ənd drɛd wərdz ðət hil ənd ɪmˈpaʊər

if you’re anything like me, you’ve probably spent a fair bit of money on books, ebooks and course materials over the years. maybe you’re keen to learn something new – computer programming or website design. maybe you want to accomplish a big goal – losing weight or getting your finances sorted out. you probably get a little surge of excitement whenever you pick up a new book or sign up for an online course. you’re sure that you’re going to finally achieve something great. the problem is, reading isn’t going to get you anywhere. you need to put what you read into action. and that, for most of us, is the tough bit. here’s how to put all that great advice into practice: #1: do the exercises you know how lots of books have exercises for you to try out? how often do you do them? probably rarely – or never. and maybe you finish each book feeling a bit disappointed: you thought that this time, you’d really get somewhere. by simply doing the exercises – even just a few of them – you’ll massively increase the value that you get from the book (or course). theoretical concepts will suddenly become clearer as you put them into practice. you’ll find yourself making real progress towards your goals. #2: keep a reading journal when you finish a book, you probably put it straight back on the shelf. you might remember one or two key points, or recommend it to a friend – you might even re-read it in a few months or years. but you don’t necessarily use what you’ve learned. a reading journal gives you a space to reflect on books, while you’re reading them and after you’ve finished. you can use your journal to: jot down ideas that were new to you copy out any key sentences – especially any inspiring ones describe what you thought or felt about the book record any “aha” moments that occurred while reading #3: decide on action items unless you’re engaged in academic study, you’re probably not reading for the sake of absorbing information. you’re reading because you want to do something. next time you finish a chapter of your book, or read a great blog post or magazine article, decide on one action that you could take as a result. write it on your to-do list. one small to-do item might not seem like anything worthwhile – but if you have one action per chapter, or one per article, then you’ll soon be making far faster progress than if you’d just read that material. #4: take a real-life course online courses are great for many reasons: they’re often cheap, you can participate from anywhere with an internet connection, and lessons will normally be recorded so that you don’t even have to show up at a particular time. the drawback to this is that you may well find yourself signing up for courses, attending one lesson, and then drifting away. real-life courses involve turning up at a specific time, often every week. they may well include assignments and deadlines. they’re also likely to be a bit more pricy. all of this means that you’ll be far more likely to take action on the course materials. #5: form a mastermind group if you’ve got a couple of friends who’re working on a similar goal to you, get together with them and form a mastermind group. get hold of copies of a good book/ebook/self-study course, and agree to read a certain amount each week. every week (or every couple of weeks), get together – face-to-face or on the phone – and discuss what you’ve read. make sure that every member states a specific action that they’re going to take during the next week. when you meet again, start off with a check-in so that members can report back on whether they achieved the goals that they set for themselves. having the support of like-minded friends – and a sense of accountability to them – will help you achieve your goals much faster. do you have stacks of dusty books and magazines (or ebooks clogging up your hard drive)? how are you going to start using the great material that you’ve collected? don’t forget to follow pickthebrain of twitter! related articles: words that overcome fear and dread words that heal and empower

ˈæftər ə lɔŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˌkɔrəˈspɑndəns bɪtˈwin ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli geɪ ˈfɑðərz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ənd ðə ˈɪzriəl dɪˈfɛns ˈfɔrsɪz, ðə kəˈmændz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈsəmənɪŋ boʊθ geɪ dædz əv ðə seɪm ˈfæməli ˈjunɪt fər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈsərvɪs æt ðə seɪm taɪm ɪz naʊ ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ. ledergor*, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv geɪ ˈfɑðərz ˈɪzriəl, wɪθ hɪz ˈfæməli ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, ə nu ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ðə, wɪθ ə spɪˈsɪfɪk kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən əv geɪ dædz ɪn ðə ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈfæməli ˈjunɪt. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə nu ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən, ˈpɑrtnərz hu ər ɪn public”*” ənd hæv ˈʧɪldrən wɪl nɑt bi ˈsəmənd fər ˈsərvɪs æt ðə seɪm taɪm. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə geɪ ˈfɑðərz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, ˌbiˈsaɪdz ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə lɔz əv ðə, fər ðə fərst taɪm nɑt ˈoʊnli dɪz ɪt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈfæməliz, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤ ðət wɑz kənˈdəktəd ɪn ˈkəntriz wɛr ˈligəl, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ɪn ˈɪzriəl ər stɪl nɑt ˈligəl. aʊt ðət wɪn ju straɪk ə rɑk ɪˈnəf taɪmz, ˈwɔtər ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli kəmz aʊt əv it,”*,” roʊt ledergor*, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ˌɪzˈreɪli geɪ ˈfɑðərz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən. ənˈtɪl təˈdeɪ, ðə kəˈmɪti ðət ju məst əˈproʊʧ tɪ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ poʊstˈpoʊn ər ˈkænsəl ˈmændəˌtɔri ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈsərvɪs kˈwɑləˌfaɪd tɪ dɪˈskəs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈsərvɪs rɪkˈwɛsts rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ biɪŋ ə geɪ ˈpɛrənt. ˈkəpəlz ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd baɪ ðə ɪf ðə ˈkəpəl ˈlɪstɪd ɛz ˈmɛrid baɪ ðə ˈmɪnɪstri əv ˌɪnˈtɪriər.

after a long process of correspondence between the israeli gay fathers organization and the israel defense forces, the idf commands regarding summoning both gay dads of the same family unit for military service at the same time is now changing. udi ledergor, executive director of gay fathers israel, with his family yesterday, a new regulation was published by the idf, with a specific consideration of gay dads in the same-sex family unit. according to the new regulation, partners who are “known in public” and have children will not be summoned for service at the same time. according to the gay fathers organization, besides the revolutionary change in the laws of the idf, for the first time not only does it recognize same-sex families, it also recognizes same-sex marriage that was conducted in countries where it’s legal, even though same-sex marriages in israel are still not legal. “turns out that when you strike a rock enough times, water eventually comes out of it,” wrote udi ledergor, executive director of israeli gay fathers organization. until today, the committee that you must approach to in order to postpone or cancel mandatory military service wasn’t qualified to discuss military service requests related to being a gay parent. moreover,same-sex couples weren’t recognized by the idf if the couple wasn’t listed as married by the ministry of interior.

sɛn. ˈlɪndzi oʊ. græm (r-s.c*.), ˈpɪkʧərd æt ðə juz. ˈkæpɪtəl, æst ə ˈpænəl əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈfɪʃəlz ˈwɛðər hɪz kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz hæd bɪn ˌɪnərˈsɛptɪd wɪn hi tɔkt tɪ ˈfɔrən əˈfɪʃəlz əˈbrɔd. (ʤeɪ. skɑt prɛs) ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmˈjunɪti ɪz ˈsikɪŋ ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt əˈθɔrəti fər ə kənˈtɛstəd sərˈveɪləns ˈproʊˌgræm æt ə taɪm wɪn ˈsɛnətərz ɪn boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd ɪn ðɛr əˈtɛmpts tɪ lərn haʊ məʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən spaɪ ˈeɪʤənsiz kəˈlɛkt ɔn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪtɪzənz ənd ˈivɪn ɔn ˈsɛnətərz ðɛmˈsɛlvz. æt ə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti ˈhirɪŋ ˈtuzˌdeɪ, sɛn. ˈlɪndzi oʊ. græm (r-s.c*.) æst ə ˈpænəl əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈfɪʃəlz ˈwɛðər hɪz kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz hæd ˈɛvər bɪn swɛpt əp wɪn hi wɑz ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ə ˈfɔrən ˈlidər əˈbrɔd. aɪ ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ know?”*?” hi dɪˈmændɪd. aɪ ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ noʊ ɪf maɪ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz wər collected?”*?” ðə əˈfɪʃəlz frəm ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈnæʃənəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (odni*), ðə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈeɪʤənsi, ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ənd ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈstrəgəld tɪ ˈænsər ðə senators’*’ kˈwɛsʧənz, ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz seɪɪŋ ðeɪ kʊd ˈbɛtər rɪˈplaɪ ɪn ə ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˈsɛʃən ˌbiˈfɔr ðə seɪm ˈpænəl ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. æt ˈɪʃu ɪz ə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈɔθərˌaɪzd baɪ ˈsɛkʃən 702 əv ðə əˈmɛndmənts ækt, ə 2008 lɔ ðət ˈkɑŋgrəs əˈpruvd ˈæftər jɪrz əv ˌækrəˈmoʊniəs dəˈbeɪt əˈbaʊt ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈlɛkʃən ɔn juz. sɔɪl wɪˈθaʊt ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəlaɪzd ˈwɔrənts. ðə lɔ əˈlaʊz ðə tɪ kəˈlɛkt ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz əv ““non-u.s*. persons”*” ðoʊz hu ər nɑt juz. ˈsɪtɪzənz, ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd ˈrɛzɪdənts hu ər ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts fər ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈpərpəsɪz. [haʊ hɑrd ɪz ɪt tɪ gɪt ən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈwaɪərˌtæp? ˈprɪti hɑrd.] rɪˈnuəl əv ˈsɛkʃən 702 wɪʧ wɪl ɪkˈspaɪr ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər, ɪz ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns haɪəst ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv praɪˈɔrəti ðɪs jɪr. ənd ðə əˈfɪʃəlz ˈsaɪtɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˈpriviəsli ˌəndɪˈskloʊzd ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv ðə ˈvælju əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn ˈkæʧɪŋ ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts ənd θˈwɔrtɪŋ plɑts. kɑrl ˈgɑˌtəs, hɛd əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti brænʧ, sɛd ðət ˈsɛkʃən 702 wɑz ˌɪnstrəˈmɛnəl ɪn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ʃɔn ˈpɑrsən, ən ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈmɛmbər frəm ˈtrɪnɪˌdæd ənd təˈbeɪgoʊ, ənd ˈmɛmbərz əv hɪz ˈnɛtˌwərk. ˈnɛtˌwərk pʊʃt aʊt amounts”*” əv ˈɪŋlɪʃ- ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈtɛrərɪst ˌprɑpəˈgændə, ənd ɪnˈkərəʤd ˈfɑloʊərz tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt əˈtæks ɪn ˈwɛstərn ˈjʊrəp ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈgɑˌtəs sɛd. ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈkɑnˌtækts wɪθ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈpɑrtnərz lɛd tɪ ðə aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ˈəðər ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt fəˈsɪləˌteɪtərz ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli prɪˈvɛnɪd əˈtæks ɪn ˈsɛvərəl ˈkəntriz, hi sɛd. ˈpɑrsən wɑz kɪld ɪn ˈsɪriə ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2015 ðə əˈfɪʃəlz toʊld ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ðət ðeɪ wʊd laɪk ðə lɔ tɪ bi meɪd ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt wɪˈθaʊt ə nid fər riˌɔθərɪˈzeɪʃən ˈɛvəri fju jɪrz. bət səm ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz frəm boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz hæv kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðə ˈpraɪvəsi əv juz. ˈsɪtɪzənz ənd ˈrɛzɪdənts, ənd səm rɪˈpəblɪkənz hæv juzd ðə dəˈbeɪt ɛz ə ˈplætˌfɔrm tɪ səˈʤɛst wɪˈθaʊt ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈɛvədəns ðət ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈfɪʃəlz ˌɪnəˈprɑpriətli ˈhændəld ənd ðɛn likt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ hɑrm trəmp trænˈzɪʃən əˈfɪʃəlz. sɛn. daɪæn ˈfaɪnˌstin (ˈkælɪf.), ðə ˈræŋkɪŋ ˈdɛməˌkræt, sɛd ʃi wʊd nɑt voʊt tɪ riˈɔθərˌaɪz ðə lɔ wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈsənˌsɛt deɪt. ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ʧeɪnʤ, ənd ə ˈsənˌsɛt əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˌrivˈju ənd rɪˈvaɪz səʧ ɛz meɪ bi necessary,”*,” ʃi sɛd. hɔlts ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl iˈmeɪl kəˈlɛkʃən ˈpræktɪs tɪ prɪˈzərv ˈlɑrʤər sərˈveɪləns ˈproʊˌgræm] ə ki pɔɪnt əv kənˈtɛnʃən wɑz ðə prəˈfɛst ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ˈproʊdus ˈivɪn ə rəf ˈɛstəˌmeɪt əv ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts huz iˈmeɪlz ər foʊn kɔlz ər ˈgæðərd wɪn ðə ɪz ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈfɔrənərz əˈbrɔd. ə ˈpərsən ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈkænɑt bi ˈtɑrgətɪd wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈwɔrənt, bət ɪf ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ɪz kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈvælɪd ˈfɔrən ˈtərgət, hɪz ər hər kɔlz ər iˈmeɪlz ər kəˈlɛktəd ““incidentally.”*.” ˈbrædli ˈbrʊkər, ˈæktɪŋ ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkaʊnsəl fər ðə, sɛd ðə həz meɪd efforts”*” tɪ dɪˈvaɪz ə ˈkaʊntɪŋ ˈmɛθəd tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ə ˈnəmbər. ““unfortunately*, wi wər əˈneɪbəl tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ən ˈækjərət, ˈminɪŋfəl ənd methodology,”*,” hi sɛd. hi sɛd duɪŋ soʊ wʊd min ˈæskɪŋ ˈænəlɪsts ˈkɑndəkt ˌɪnˈtɛns aɪˈdɛntəˌti ˌvɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən research”*” ɔn ˈpipəl hu ər nɑt ˈtɑrgəts. ə ˈpraɪvəsi ənd ˈsɪvəl ˈlɪbərˌtiz pərˈspɛktɪv, wi faɪnd ðɪs unpalatable,”*,” hi sɛd. bət ˈleɪtər ɪn ðə ˈhirɪŋ, ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ goitein*, əv nu jɔrk ˌjunəˈvərsəti skul əv ˈbrɛnən ˈsɛnər fər ˈʤəstɪs, sɛd ðət ˈsinjər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈfɪʃəlz ɪn ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən hæd kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə ˈnəmbər ɪn ˈərli 2017 fækt, ɔl əˈkaʊnts, ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈpraɪvət, səˈʤɛstɪd ðeɪ wər ɔn ðə verge”*” əv prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ɪt, ʃi sɛd. hæd ə ʧeɪnʤ əv ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ənd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz naʊ bækt ɔf əv prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ðət information.”*.” sɛn. ˈrɪʧərd ʤeɪ. ˈdərbɪn (d-ill*.) ˈʧaɪdɪd ðə əˈfɪʃəlz fər seɪɪŋ ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz hæv bɪn trænˈspɛrənt ɪn ðɛr rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ. ər wi səˈpoʊzd tɪ bɪˈliv wi hæv greɪt trænˈspɛrənsi ɪf ju ˈivɪn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ fər ˈjuˈɛs haʊ ˈmɛni əˈmɛrɪkənz hæv bɪn swɛpt up?”*?” hi sɛd. ɪn hɪz ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ wɪθ græm, ˈbrʊkər sɛd ðət hi həz bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ stæf tɪ gɪt ɪm ən ˈænsər tɪ ˈwɛðər hɪz kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz wər kəˈlɛktəd. ˈbrʊkər sɛd ðət ɪf ðɛr ɪz ən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns rɪˈpɔrt beɪst ɔn ən ˌɪnərˈsɛpt əv ə ˈfɔrən əˈfɪʃəl ˈspikɪŋ wɪθ ɪm, ðɛn hɪz aɪˈdɛntəˌti wʊd bi mæskt. wʊd ɪt bi ˈpɑsəbəl fər ˈsəmˌwən ɪn ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən tɪ ə hoʊld əv ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ənd unmask”*” hɪz aɪˈdɛntəˌti? græm æst. ɪf ðɛr ɪz ə rɪkˈwɛst tɪ ənˈmæsk ə aɪˈdɛntəˌti, ðɛr ɪz ə prəˈsiʤər ðət rikˈwaɪərz ðə ˈrɛləvənt ˈeɪʤənsi tɪ sik əˈpruvəl frəm ðə ˌbiˈfɔr unmasking*, ˈbrʊkər sɛd. ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈʤɛnərəli goʊz tɪ kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈlidərz ənd ðə ˈlidərz əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈmɪtiz, hi sɛd. ˈʤuli teɪt kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt.

Sen. Lindsey O. Graham (R-S.C.), pictured at the U.S. Capitol, asked a panel of intelligence officials whether his communications had been intercepted when he talked to foreign officials abroad. (J. Scott Applewhite/Associated PRess) The intelligence community is seeking permanent authority for a contested surveillance program at a time when senators in both parties are increasingly frustrated in their attempts to learn how much information spy agencies collect on American citizens — and even on senators themselves. At a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing Tuesday, Sen. Lindsey O. Graham (R-S.C.) asked a panel of intelligence officials whether his communications had ever been swept up when he was talking to a foreign leader abroad. “Am I entitled to know?” he demanded. “Am I entitled to know if my communications were collected?” The officials — from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), the National Security Agency, the FBI and the Justice Department — struggled to answer the senators’ questions, in some cases saying they could better reply in a classified session before the same panel on Wednesday. At issue is a program authorized by Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act, a 2008 law that Congress approved after years of acrimonious debate about foreign intelligence collection on U.S. soil without individualized warrants. The law allows the NSA to collect the communications of “non-U.S. persons” — those who are not U.S. citizens, companies and residents — who are outside the United States for foreign intelligence purposes. [How hard is it to get an intelligence wiretap? Pretty hard.] Renewal of Section 702, which will expire in December, is the intelligence community’s highest legislative priority this year. And the officials cited several previously undisclosed examples of the value of the program in catching terrorists and thwarting plots. Carl Ghattas, head of the FBI’s national security branch, said that Section 702 was instrumental in identifying Shawn Parson, an Islamic State member from Trinidad and Tobago, and members of his network. Parson’s network pushed out “prolific amounts” of English- language terrorist propaganda, and encouraged followers to carry out attacks in Western Europe and the United States, Ghattas said. Sharing Parson’s contacts with international partners led to the identification of other Islamic State facilitators and potentially prevented attacks in several countries, he said. Parson was killed in Syria in September 2015. The officials told lawmakers that they would like the law to be made permanent without a need for reauthorization every few years. But some lawmakers from both parties have concerns about protecting the privacy of U.S. citizens and residents, and some Republicans have used the debate as a platform to suggest — without offering evidence — that Obama administration officials inappropriately handled and then leaked intelligence to harm Trump transition officials. Sen. Dianne Feinstein (Calif.), the panel’s ranking Democrat, said she would not vote to reauthorize the law without a sunset date. “Technology and communications change, and a sunset allows us to review and revise such as may be necessary,” she said. [NSA halts controversial email collection practice to preserve larger surveillance program] A key point of contention was the NSA’s professed inability to produce even a rough estimate of the number of people in the United States whose emails or phone calls are gathered when the NSA is targeting foreigners abroad. A person in the United States cannot be targeted without a warrant, but if the American is communicating with a valid foreign target, his or her calls or emails are collected “incidentally.” Bradley Brooker, acting general counsel for the ODNI, said the NSA has made “significant efforts” to devise a counting method to come up with a number. “Unfortunately, we were unable to develop an accurate, meaningful and cost-effective methodology,” he said. He said doing so would mean asking NSA analysts “to conduct intense identity verification research” on people who are not targets. “From a privacy and civil liberties perspective, we find this unpalatable,” he said. But later in the hearing, Elizabeth Goitein, of New York University School of Law’s Brennan Center for Justice, said that senior intelligence officials in the Obama administration had committed to providing a number in early 2017. “In fact, all accounts, public and private, suggested they were on the verge” of providing it, she said. “We’ve had a change of administration, and the government has now backed off of providing that information.” Sen. Richard J. Durbin (D-Ill.) chided the officials for saying the agencies have been transparent in their reporting. “How are we supposed to believe we have great transparency if you can’t even identify for us how many Americans have been swept up?” he said. In his exchange with Graham, Brooker said that he has been working with Graham’s staff to get him an answer to whether his communications were collected. Brooker said that if there is an intelligence report based on an intercept of a foreign official speaking with him, then his identity would be masked. Would it be possible for someone in the administration to “get a hold of the conversation and unmask” his identity? Graham asked. If there is a request to unmask a lawmaker’s identity, there is a procedure that requires the relevant agency to seek approval from the ODNI before unmasking, Brooker said. That information generally goes to congressional leaders and the leaders of the intelligence committees, he said. Julie Tate contributed to this report.

ɪn ˈɛsəns pʊt ə fju prɛs rɪˈlisɪz aʊt seɪɪŋ wɪr əˈgɛnst ðɪs. ðɛn ðeɪ tʊk ə ʃoʊ voʊt ənd ˈəltəmətli ˈnəθɪŋ ˈhæpənd. ðæts ðə pɔɪnt. ɪts kəm tɪ ðə pɔɪnt wɛr ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp ənˈfɔrʧənətli ɪn boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz bət ðɛrz ðoʊz hu naʊ bɪˈliv ðət wi kænt wɪn ən ˈɑrgjəmənt. wi kænt wɪn goʊɪŋ aʊt ðɛr ənd ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪŋ fər ðiz pəˈzɪʃənz ɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl. soʊ lɛts nɑt ˈivɪn traɪ. ɪf ju seɪ wɪr goʊɪŋ tɪ du ðə bɛst wi kən bət ðɛrz noʊ weɪ wɪr goʊɪŋ tɪ wɪn, ɪn ˈɛsəns juv ɔˈrɛdi ˈgɪvɪn əp. haʊ du wi sɑlv ðɪs? ðæts maɪ ˈprɑbləm. wi ʃʊd hæv sɛd ˈərli ɔn wɪr nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ du ɪt. goʊ əˈhɛd, əm ˈsɑri. bət rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈɛndɪd əp ˈfəndɪŋ obamacare*. ðeɪ hæv ðə paʊər əv ðə pərs. ðæts ðə weɪ aɪ rɛd ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən. aɪ bɪˈliv ðɛl ˈprɑbəˌbli ɛnd əp ˈfəndɪŋ plænd ˈpɛrənˌthʊd ʤɪst laɪk ju ˈfəndɪd ˌɪˈligəl ənd ˌənˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈæmnəsti. ˈboʊnər həz naʊ ˈprɪti məʧ bɪn pʊʃt aʊt ɛz fɑr ɛz əm kənˈsərnd. hiz ˈlivɪŋ. wɪl ʧɛk ɪn wɪθ ˈkɛvɪn məˈkɑrθi təˈnaɪt. bət ɪz mɪʧ məˈkɑnəl ˈfaɪtɪŋ? dɪz hi nid tɪ goʊ? əm nɑt ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ðət

in essence put a few press releases out saying we're against this. then they took a show vote and ultimately nothing happened. that's the point. it's come to the point where the leadership unfortunately in both parties but there's those who now believe that we can't win an argument. we can't win going out there and advocating for these positions in the american people. so let's not even try. if you say we're going to do the best we can but there's no way we're going to win, in essence you've already given up. >> how do we solve this? >> that's my problem. we should have said early on we're not going to do it. go ahead, i'm sorry. >> but republicans ended up funding obamacare. they have the power of the purse. that's the way i read the constitution. i believe they'll probably end up funding planned parenthood just like you funded illegal and unconstitutional executive amnesty. boehner has now pretty much been pushed out as far as i'm concerned. he's leaving. we'll check in with kevin mccarthy tonight. but is mitch mcconnell fighting? does he need to go? >> i'm not calling for that

ɛz ðə ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl eɪʤ muvz tɪ fʊl swɪŋ, wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈkəmpəˌniz ɛmˈbreɪsɪŋ nu ˈdætə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ səˈluʃənz, ɪt maɪt bi taɪm fər jʊr ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪts pəˈzɪʃən əˈməŋ ɪts ˈpɑrtnərz. ðɛr həz bɪn ə lɔt əv ˈrisəntli əˈbaʊt ˈmænjuəl ˈleɪbər ənd ɪts ɪn ðə səˈplaɪ ʧeɪn, wɪθ ˈmɛni waɪt ˈpeɪʤɪz ənd poʊsts ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðə ˈprɑbləmz ðət kən əraɪvz wɪθ ˈɪnˌvɔɪsɪŋ, ˈpərʧəs ˈɔrdərz ənd ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən biɪŋ ˈraɪfəld baɪ ðə ˌɪmpərˈfɛkʃən əv ˈjumən ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt. ˈmænjuəl kɔsts ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈraɪzɪŋ æt ən ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri reɪt, wɪθ ðə kɔst əv ˈmænjuəl ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ ˈʤəmpɪŋ 100 ɪn ðə læst ˈdɛkeɪd. ˈklɪrli ɪts taɪm tɪ ʤəmp tɪ ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈdætə səˈluʃənz. bət, ðət sɛd nɑt ɔl ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd səˈluʃənz ər raɪt. fər ðə læst 3 ˈdɛkeɪdz, ˈkɑmən ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈkɑmərs səˈluʃən ˈidi (ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈdætə ˌɪnərˈʧeɪnʤ) həz bɪn ə ki pleɪər ɪn ɔtəˈmeɪʃən. ˈidi, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz frɔt wɪθ ˈprɑbləmz (ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪkˈspoʊzd baɪ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪstəm, wɪʧ ʃoʊd ðə ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz əv rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn ənd trænzˈleɪʃən). du tɪ eɪʤ, ɪt ˈsəfərz frəm ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz (ˈoʊnli ˈsərtən faɪlz kən bi sɛnt), sloʊ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ (bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz ˈrɪtən ɪn ðə ɪt həz tɪ trænzˈleɪt bɪtˈwin ˈmɑdərn deɪ ˈɪnərˌfeɪsɪz ənd ɪts ərˈɪʤənəl ˈstrəkʧər), ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈəpˌdeɪts wɪʧ ˌrikˈwaɪər ə klin ˈsɪstəm (ˈjuzərz ˈkænɑt bi ɔn ðə ˈsɪstəm ər pərˈfɔrm ˈɛni ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən waɪl ˈəpˌdeɪts əˈkər) ənd ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ ɔl ˈkɑrənt ˈsɪstəmz. ˈkərəntli 85 əv ˈkɑmərs ɪz pərˈfɔrmd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈidi, wɪʧ ɪz ˈʃɑkɪŋ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ɪts ˈpɪtˌfɔlz (əˈspɛʃəli ɪn 2016 ju maɪt æsk, "ər ðɛr noʊ ˈəðər səˈluʃənz"? əv kɔrs ðɛr ər, ðiz ˈsɪstəmz kən ˈɔlsoʊ kət ðə kɔst əv ˈmænjuəl ˈdætə ˈɛntri 4 foʊld ənd kən pərˈfɔrm ˈbɛtər ðən ˈidi. ðɪs ˈnəmbər əv ˈidi ˈjuzərz ˈklɪrli ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ðə ˈleɪzinəs ɪn ˈkɑmərs ənd ɪts læk əv əˌdæptəˈbɪləti ɪn rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ tɛkˈnɑləʤi. ðə moʊst ˈɑbviəs ˈrizən fər səʧ ə ˈdætə məˈnɑpəli, ɪz ðə ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ə fɪr əv ðə ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl du tɪ naivety*. ˈʧuzɪŋ ə gʊd ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl səˈluʃən ʃʊd nɑt bi ə ˈfɪrfəl ɪnˈdɛvər, laɪk ˈstɛpɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈkæpɪtəl land-mines*. ˌɪnˈstɛd ɪt ʃʊd bi ən ˈwɪlɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ rɪˈdus kɔsts ənd ˌɪmˈpruv ɪˈfɪʃənsi. tɪ hɛlp jʊr ˈkəmpəˌni ˈfɪgjər aʊt wɪʧ ˈsɪstəm tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt, ju ʃʊd teɪk noʊt əv ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈfæktərz: 1 ˈpɑrtnərz ənd ˈmænɪʤmənt: meɪk ʃʊr ðət ju ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈɪnəˌgreɪt jʊr nu səˈluʃən wɪθ ðət əv jʊr ˈkɑrənt ˈpɑrtnərz ənd ðət jʊr səˈluʃən wɪl hæv ˈrɛləvənt ˈɪnərˌfeɪsɪz fər ɔl ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ʧeɪn. 2 ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz: ˈɛni ˈfɔrˌmæt, ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ər ˈproʊtəˌkɔl (ftp*, http*, klaʊd ˌɛtˈsɛtərə) ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪd bɪtˈwin jʊr ˈsɪstəm ənd ˈkəstəmərz. ju ʃʊd nɑt hæv tɪ ˈkɑnvərt faɪlz ˈjɔrsɛlf. 3 sɪˈkjʊrəti: ɔl trænˈzækʃənz, ˈwɛðər ˌɪnˈtərnəl ər ɪkˈstərnəl ʃʊd bi sɪˈkjʊrli stɔrd ɪn jʊr ˈsɪstəm. 4 ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˌmæliəˈbɪləti: ˈəpˌdeɪts tɪ ˈsɔfˌwɛr ər ʃʊd bi un-intruisive*, jɛt kip jʊr ˈsɪstəm əp tɪ deɪt wɪθ kəˈmərʃəl trɛnz tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈmɪnəməl ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪsˈrəpʃənz ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. 5 ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsərvɪs: ju ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈfrili ˈkɑnˌtækt ə səˈpɔrt tim hu ˈmænɪʤ ðə tɛk saɪd əv jʊr səˈluʃən. ðɪs wɪl ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ɪf ju hæv ˈɛni nidz ðət ðeɪ wɪl bi mɛt ˈprɑmptli ənd wɪθ fju ˈprɑbləmz. ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt θɪŋ wɪn ˈʧuzɪŋ ə səˈluʃən ɪz ðət ɪts raɪt fər jʊr ˈkəmpəˌni, ɪf ɪt filz ənd rikˈwaɪərz ˈmæsɪv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ haʊ jʊr ˈbɪznɪs ɪz rən ˈmeɪbi ðət səˈluʃən ˈɪzənt raɪt fər ju. æt ðə ɛnd əv deɪ ðiz ˈproʊˌgræmz ər mɛnt tɪ əˈlaʊ ju iz əv ˈbɪznɪs, ðeɪ ər ə səˈluʃən, nɑt ə ˈstrəkʧərəl ɔlˈtərnətɪv. sɔrs: kənˈsəltɪŋ

as the technological age moves to full swing, with many companies embracing new data exchange solutions, it might be time for your company to think about its position among its partners. there has been a lot of scepticism recently about manual labour and its detriments in the supply chain, with many white pages and posts noting the problems that can arrives with invoicing, purchase orders and documentation being rifled by the imperfection of human involvement. manual costs are also rising at an extraordinary rate, with the cost of manual processing jumping 100% in the last decade. clearly it's time to jump to electronic data solutions. but, that said not all automated solutions are right. for the last 3 decades, common electronic commerce solution edi (electronic data interchange) has been a key player in b2b automation. edi, however, is fraught with problems (particularly exposed by the american healthcare.gov system, which showed the limitations of edi's reliance on formatting and translation). due to edi's age, it suffers from formatting specifications (only certain files can be sent), slow language processing (because it was written in the 80's it has to translate between modern day interfaces and its original structure), administration updates which require a clean system (users cannot be on the system or perform any operation while updates occur) and it is also not compatible with all current systems. currently 85% of b2b commerce is performed using edi, which is shocking considering it's pitfalls (especially in 2016). you might ask, "are there no other solutions"? of course there are, these systems can also cut the cost of manual data entry 4 fold and can perform better than edi. this number of edi users clearly highlights the laziness in commerce and its lack of adaptability in regards to technology. the most obvious reason for such a data monopoly, is the technological scepticism - a fear of the technological due to naivety. choosing a good technological solution should not be a fearful endeavour, like stepping over capital land-mines. instead it should be an willing opportunity to reduce costs and improve efficiency. to help your company figure out which system to implement, you should take note of the following factors: 1) partners and management: make sure that you are able to integrate your new solution with that of your current partners and that your solution will have relevant interfaces for all involved in the chain. 2) specifications: any format, document or protocol (ftp, http, cloud etc) should be able to communicated between your system and customers. you should not have to convert files yourself. 3) security: all transactions, whether internal or external should be securely stored in your system. 4) software malleability: updates to software or firmware should be un-intruisive, yet keep your system up to date with commercial trends to allow minimal technological disruptions in the future. 5) technological service: you should be able to freely contact a support team who manage the tech side of your solution. this will ensure that if you have any needs that they will be met promptly and with few problems. the most important thing when choosing a solution is that it's right for your company, if it feels unintuitive and requires massive changes to how your business is run maybe that solution isn't right for you. at the end of day these programs are meant to allow you ease of business, they are a solution, not a structural alternative. source: ilcs consulting

trəmp rɪˈspɑndz tɪ əˈlaɪəns: wɑz ˈhæpi ɪt ʃoʊz haʊ wik ðeɪ are”*” (ˈvɪdioʊ) ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɪz ə ˈləvər nɔr ə ˈheɪtər. hi spoʊk aʊt əˈbaʊt ðə əˈlaɪəns ˈmənˌdeɪ æt hɪz ˈræli. təˈdeɪ æt hɪz ˈræli ɪn ˈwɔrwɪk, roʊd ˈaɪlənd ˈdɑnəld trəmp rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrts əv ə əˈlaɪəns. trəmp sɛd hi wɑz glæd tɪ hir əˈbaʊt ɪt. ʃoʊz haʊ wik ðeɪ are.”*.” dɪd ju si wɛr ðeɪ bænd təˈgɛðər, wɛr ðeɪ kəˈlud. kəˈluʒən. ju noʊ ɪf ju kəˈlud ɪn ˈbɪznɪs ər ɪf ju kəˈlud ɪn ðə stɑk ˈmɑrkɪt ðeɪ pʊt ju ɪn ʤeɪl. bət, ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks, bɪˈkəz ə rɪgd ˈsɪstəm, bɪˈkəz ə kərəpt ˈɛnərˌpraɪz, ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks əˈlaʊd tɪ kəˈlud. soʊ ðeɪ kəˈludɪd. ˈæˌkʧuəli, aɪ wɑz ˈhæpi. bɪˈkəz ɪt ʃoʊz haʊ wik ðeɪ ər.

trump responds to cruz-kasich alliance: “i was happy – it shows how weak they are” (video) donald trump is a lover nor a hater. he spoke out about the cru-sich alliance monday at his pre-election rally. today at his rally in warwick, rhode island donald trump responded to the reports of a cruz-kasich #nevertrump alliance. trump said he was glad to hear about it. “it shows how weak they are.” did you see where they banned together, where they collude. it’s collusion. you know if you collude in business or if you collude in the stock market they put you in jail. but, in politics, because it’s a rigged system, because it’s a corrupt enterprise, in politics you’re allowed to collude. so they colluded. actually, i was happy. because it shows how weak they are.

fænˈtæstɪk! ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ hoʊld hɪz əkˈsɛptəns spiʧ æt ə ˈklivlənd ˈsteɪdiəm. trəmp wɪl bi ˈɪntɪmətli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈplænɪŋ əv ðə ɪˈvɛnt ənd hoʊps tɪ gɪv ɪt ə ˈhɑliˌwʊd flɛr. ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˌriˈpɔrtəd: ˈdɑnəld kæmˈpeɪn ɪz kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈbʊkɪŋ wən əv bɪg spɔrts ˈvɛnuz fər hɪz əkˈsɛptəns spiʧ ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, tu ˈsɔrsəz fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðə ˈplænɪŋ əv ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ kənˈvɛnʃən seɪ. ðə ˈsɔrsəz sɛd fərst ˈɛnərʤi ˈsteɪdiəm, hoʊm əv ðə ˈklivlənd braʊnz, ənd prəˈgrɛsɪv fild, hoʊm əv ðə ˈɪndiənz ˈbeɪsˈbɔl tim, ər ðə tu saɪts ˈəndər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən fər əkˈsɛptəns spiʧ ɔn ðə ˈfaɪnəl naɪt əv ðə kənˈvɛnʃən. wən əv ðə ˈsɔrsəz sɛd ðə kæmˈpeɪn ɪz ˈkloʊzɪŋ ɪn ɔn ˈsaɪnɪŋ ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt fər juz əv wən əv ðə tu ˈvɛnuz, wɪθ ðə ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈsteɪdiəm ˈkərəntli ðə ˈfeɪvərɪt fər spiʧ. goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə bɪg production,”*,” ə trəmp kæmˈpeɪn ædˈvaɪzər toʊld ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn. ˈproʊˌfaɪl ənd haʊ hi ˈhændəlz θɪŋz, ˈnəθɪŋ ɪz ɔf ðə table.”*.” goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈɪntɪmətli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn it,”*,” ðə ædˈvaɪzər ˈædɪd.

fantastic! donald trump is looking to hold his acceptance speech at a cleveland stadium. trump will be intimately involved in the planning of the event and hopes to give it a hollywood flair. cnn reported: donald trump’s campaign is considering booking one of cleveland’s big sports venues for his acceptance speech in july, two gop sources familiar with the planning of the upcoming gop convention say. the sources said first energy stadium, home of the cleveland browns, and progressive field, home of the city’s indians baseball team, are the two sites under consideration for trump’s acceptance speech on the final night of the convention. one of the sources said the campaign is closing in on signing a contract for use of one of the two venues, with the football stadium currently the favorite for trump’s speech. “it’s going to be a big production,” a trump campaign adviser told cnn. “given trump’s profile and how he handles things, nothing is off the table.” “and he’s going to be intimately involved in it,” the adviser added.

clojure* ɪz ə nu lɪsp, kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ rɪʧ ˈhɪki. ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpɔrtəl tɪ ɔl θɪŋz ɪz hir ɔn sɔrs fɔrʤ. aɪ ʤɪst gɑt θru ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪpɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl æp ðət teɪks ɪn saʊnd ˈsæmpəlz, ənd dɪˈspleɪz ə stækt ˈsɪriz əv ˈfrikwənsi ˈspɛktrə, ənd ə ‘‘sonogram’*’ taɪp dɪˈspleɪ. ðə ˈrənɪŋ æp lʊks laɪk: nɑt soʊ ˈizi tɪ si, bət ðə loʊər pɑrt əv ðə skrin ɪz ə ˈsɔnəˌgræm. wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri (wɪʧ həz ə ɔn sourceforge*), ðə æp rənz ɪn taɪm, ənd dɪz ə ˈkrɛdətəbəl ʤɑb əv dɪˈspleɪɪŋ ˈfrikwənsi ˈspɛktrə. aɪ hoʊpt tɪ traɪ ənd gɪt ɪt ˈrənɪŋ ɔn ˈwɪndoʊz tu, bət ðə ˈʤɑvə ˈsæmplɪŋ ˈəndər ˈwɪndoʊz həz dɪˈfitɪd mi fər naʊ. ðə koʊd bɪˈloʊ wərks ɔn ə mæk bʊk proʊ. ˈnəθɪŋ ɛls ɪz ˈtɛstɪd. ðə koʊd ɪz splɪt ˈɪntu tu meɪn pɑrts, wɪʧ dil wɪθ ˈgɪtɪŋ saʊnd ˈsæmpəlz, ənd wɪθ dɪˈspleɪɪŋ ə ˈsɪmpəl gui*. ˌriprəˈdust ðə koʊd bɪˈloʊ. noʊt ðət ðɪs koʊd kəmˈplit, sɪns aɪ hæv ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ʤɑr wɪʧ həz ðə koʊd, ənd ə frənt ɛnd ðət prəˈvaɪdz (kənˈtroʊlz: stɑrt, stɑp, test:jbutton*, inputs:jcombobox*, isopanel*, sonopanel:jpanel*).

clojure is a new lisp, created by rich hickey. the primary portal to all things clojure is here on source forge. i just got through prototyping a little app that takes in sound samples, and displays a stacked series of frequency spectra, and a 2d ‘sonogram’ type display. the running app looks like: not so easy to see, but the lower part of the screen is a 2d sonogram. with the help of the kj dsp library (which has a homepage on sourceforge), the app runs in real-ish time, and does a creditable job of displaying frequency spectra. i hoped to try and get it running on windows too, but the java sampling api under windows has defeated me for now. the code below works on a mac book pro. nothing else is tested. the code is split into two main parts, which deal with getting sound samples, and with displaying a simple gui. i’ve reproduced the code below. note that this code isn’t complete, since i have a separate jar kj.jar which has the fft code, and a netbeans front end that provides isometric.gui (controls: start, stop, test:jbutton, inputs:jcombobox, isopanel, sonopanel:jpanel).

ə pəˈlismən hoʊldz hɪz ˈwɛpən ɛz hi teɪks əp ə pəˈzɪʃən, ˈæftər ə ˈfɛloʊ pəˈlismən, hu ɪz haɪ ɔn drəgz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər, rən bərˈsərk æt məˈnɪlə pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪn məˈnɪlə, ˈfɪləˌpinz ˌʤuˈlaɪ 3 2016 məˈnɪlə (ˈrɔɪtərz) ðə ˈfɪləˌpin pəˈlis hæv sækt ˈnɪrli 100 pəˈlismɪn sɪns ðə stɑrt əv ðə jɪr bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wər faʊnd tɪ bi drəg ˈjuzərz, ə tɔp əˈfɪʃəl sɛd ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ɪn ə əv ðə ræŋks ˈæftər ˈprɛzɪdənt rəˈdrigoʊ ˈhɔltɪd pəˈlis ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. mɔr ðən ˈpipəl hæv bɪn kɪld sɪns ənˈliʃt hɪz ˈblədi wɔr ɔn drəgz ˈsɛvən mənθs əˈgoʊ, əˈbaʊt ɪn pəˈlis ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, waɪl ðə rɛst ər biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd. hæd bɪn ənˈweɪvərɪŋ ɪn dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ðə pəˈlis ɪn ðə feɪs əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ˈoʊvər ðə toʊl, bət hɪz feɪθ wɑz ˈʃeɪkən baɪ ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ əv ə saʊθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn leɪt læst jɪr baɪ roʊg ˈɔfɪsərz. ˈnaɪnti pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz hæv bɪn faɪərd sɪns ðə stɑrt əv ðə jɪr ənd naɪn wər riˈmuvd læst jɪr, ˌɪnˈtərnəl əˈfɛrz ˈsərvɪs ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl sɛd ɪn ˈkɑmɛnts ˈbrɔdˌkæst ɔn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. kɔt ˈjuzɪŋ ˌɪˈligəl drəgz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsɪvəl ˈsərvɪs rulz, məst bi ɪz ə greɪv offence,”*,” hi sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət hi hæd ˈprɑməst ðə ʧif əv pəˈlis ðət hi wʊd kˈwɪkli riˈzɑlv ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈkeɪsɪz. sɛd hi wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd nɛkst wik ðə dɪsˈmɪsəl əv 40 mɔr pəˈlismɪn tɪ ðə ʧif əv pəˈlis. læst mənθ, dɪˈnaʊnst ðə pəˈlis ɛz tɪ ðə core”*” ənd səˈspɛndɪd ðɛr roʊl ɪn ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi vaʊd tɪ fɔrʤ əˈhɛd wɪθ ðə drəg kæmˈpeɪn. ˈjumən raɪts grups ˈsəˌspɛkt ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈkɪlɪŋz biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd wər kəˈmɪtɪd baɪ ˌvɪʤəˈlæntiz ər səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə pəˈlis. ðə ˈfɪləˌpin drəgz ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsi həz bɪn pʊt ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd həz ˈɔlsoʊ reɪzd ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri tɪ hɛlp.

a policeman holds his weapon as he takes up a position, after a fellow policeman, who is high on drugs according to a police officer, run berserk at manila police department in manila, philippines july 3, 2016. reuters/czar dancel manila (reuters) - the philippine police have sacked nearly 100 policemen since the start of the year because they were found to be drug users, a top official said on saturday, in a clean-up of the ranks after president rodrigo duterte halted police anti-drug operations. more than 7,700 people have been killed since duterte unleashed his bloody war on drugs seven months ago, about 2,500 in police operations, while the rest are being investigated. duterte had been unwavering in defending the police in the face of international outrage over the toll, but his faith was shaken by the killing of a south korean businessmen late last year by rogue officers. ninety police officers have been fired since the start of the year and nine were removed last year, internal affairs service inspector general alfegar triambulo said in comments broadcast on anc tv. “those caught using illegal drugs, according to the civil service rules, must be dismissed...that is a grave offence,” he said, adding that he had promised the chief of police that he would quickly resolve outstanding cases. triambulo said he would recommend next week the dismissal of 40 more policemen to the chief of police. last month, duterte denounced the police as “corrupt to the core” and suspended their role in anti-drug operations, although he vowed to forge ahead with the drug campaign. human rights groups suspect many of the killings being investigated were committed by vigilantes or hitmen supported by the police. the philippine drugs enforcement agency has been put in charge of anti-drug operations and duterte has also raised the possibility of getting the military to help.

ˈɪzriəl ɪz homeland”*” fər ðə ʤuz, ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈlidər ənd ˈleɪbər ˈpɑrti ˈlidər ɛd sɛd ˈθərzˌdeɪ ɪn ʤərˈusələm, ˈθæŋkɪŋ ðə ˈkəntri fər biɪŋ ə ““sanctuary”*” fər hɪz ˈgrændˌməðər, hu lɪvd ɪn tɛl ɑˈviv fər ˈoʊvər ə ˈdɛkeɪd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi ʧoʊz nɑt tɪ steɪt ˈwɛðər hi kənˈsɪdərz hɪmˈsɛlf ə ˈzaɪənɪst. mi, ˈɪzriəl ɪz ə ˈhoʊmˌlænd fər ðə ʤuɪʃ people,”*,” hi toʊld ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈstudənts, ˈæftər wən əv ðɛm æst ɪm tɪ ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ ə ˈsteɪtmənt hi hæd meɪd læst jɪr səˈʤɛstɪŋ hi siz hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ə ˈzaɪənɪst. dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ˈɪzriəl ɛz ə ˈhoʊmˌlænd fər ʤuz ɪz ʤɪst ə ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl aɪˈdiə fər mi, maɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns. sɔrt əv ðə weɪ aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt, ənd bɪn maɪ ˈfæməli ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd maɪ ˈfæməli ˈbækˌgraʊnd. ðə weɪ aɪ laɪk tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt it,”*,” hi sɛd. ɪn mɑrʧ 2013 ðə sən əv ˈpɑlɪʃ ʤuɪʃ ˈɪməgrənts hæd bɪn æst ˈwɛðər hi wɑz ə ˈzaɪənɪst, ənd rɪˈplaɪd: ““yes*. aɪ kənˈsɪdər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ə səˈpɔrtər əv israel.”*.” bət lɛs ðən 24 aʊərz ˈæftər hi ˈətərd ðiz wərdz, ˈɔfəs ˈklɛrəˌfaɪd ðət hɪz ˈkɑmɛnts wər mɪsɪnˈtərprətɪd, ənd ðət hi ˈmɪrli mɛnt tɪ ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz hɪz strɔŋ səˈpɔrt fər ˈɪzriəl. gɪt ðə taɪmz əv ˈɪzriəlz ˈdeɪli ɪˈdɪʃən baɪ iˈmeɪl ənd ˈnɛvər mɪs ɑr tɔp ˈstɔriz fri saɪn əp ˈdʊrɪŋ ən kˈwɛʃən ənd ˈænsər ˈsɛʃən ˈθərzˌdeɪ æt ðə ˈhibru ˌjunəˈvərsəti, wɪʧ reɪnʤd frəm groʊɪŋ ɪn ˈbrɪtən tɪ ˈpɑləsiz kraɪˈmiə ənd ðə ˈfɔkləndz, wɑz æst ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ˈwɛðər ə ˈzaɪənɪst. bət ðə ˈleɪbər ˈlidər, hu həz ə ˈrizənəbəl ʧæns əv səkˈsidɪŋ ˈkɑrənt praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmərən ˈæftər ðə nɛkst ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn meɪ 2015 wʊd nɑt bi drɔn. ə ˈdɪfərənt weɪ əv ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈɪʃu, aɪ səˈpoʊz maɪ oʊn weɪ əv ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt it,”*,” hi sɛd, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ hɪz ˌfɔrmjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈɪzriəl biɪŋ ə ʤuɪʃ ˈhoʊmˌlænd. ðə weɪ aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ˈɪzriəl, ðeɪ weɪ aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪn tərmz əv maɪ ˈfæməli ˈhɪstəri. soʊ maɪ prɪˈfərd weɪ əv ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt it.”*.” ˈdʊrɪŋ ə spiʧ ɪn ðə ˈnɛsət læst mənθ, ˈkæmərən ˈɔlsoʊ spoʊk əv ˈɪzriəl ɛz ˈhoʊmˌlænd fər ðə ʤuɪʃ people.”*.” ˈkæmərən stɑpt ʃɔrt əv ɛnˈdɔrsɪŋ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈbɛnʤəmən dɪˈmænd ðət ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ˈɪzriəl ɛz ðə əv ðə ʤuɪʃ ˈpipəl. ɪn 2007 θri jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr bɪˈkeɪm praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər, ˈkæmərən rɪˈpɔrtədli rɪˈfərd tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ə ˈzaɪənɪst æt ðə ˈænjuəl ˈlənʧən əv ðə kənˈsərvətɪv frɛndz əv ˈɪzriəl. baɪ ˈzaɪənɪst ju min ðət ðə ʤuz hæv ðə raɪt tɪ ə ˈhoʊmˌlænd ɪn ˈɪzriəl ənd ðə raɪt tɪ ə ˈkəntri ðɛn aɪ æm ə zionist,”*,” hi sɛd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ haaretz*. læst wik, ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈmaɪkəl goʊv (kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpɑrti) rɪˈpɔrtədli preɪzd ˈsɛvərəl ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz fər ðɛr vjuz, seɪɪŋ ju bi ə ˈzaɪənɪst? ˈkɑmən sense.”*.”, 44 ɪz ɪn ˈɪzriəl fər ə ˈvɪzɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ hi wɑz ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ mit wɪθ ˈsinjər ˌɪzˈreɪli ənd ˌpælɪˈstɪniən əˈfɪʃəlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu, ˈleɪbər ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈlidər ˈaɪzɪk ˈhərzɑg ənd ʧif pis nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtər livni*. ðə ˈvɪzɪt ɪz hɪz fərst ˈmeɪʤər ˈfɔrən trɪp sɪns hi bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈlidər əv ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ɪn 2010 ˌbiˈfɔr ˈænsərɪŋ ðə kˈwɛsʧənz frəm ðə ˈstudənts ˈθərzˌdeɪ, tɔkt ˈbrifli əv hɪz ˈfilɪŋz əˈbaʊt biɪŋ ɪn ə ˈkəntri hi fərst ˈvɪzɪtɪd wɪn hi wɑz ˈsɛvən jɪrz oʊld, tɪ si hɪz ˈgrændˌməðər, huz ˈhəzbənd hæd bɪn kɪld baɪ ðə ˈnɑtsiz. kəm hir ˈvɛri ˈkɑnʃəs əv maɪ ˈhɪstəri ənd ˈɔlsoʊ wɪθ ə dip sɛns əv ˈgrætəˌtud tɪ ˈɪzriəl fər ðeɪ dɪd fər maɪ grandmother,”*,” sɛd. wɑz ə ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri fər hər frəm ðə moʊst ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbəl grif. soʊ ə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈʤərni fər mi ɛz well.”*.” ˈɔlsoʊ əˈdrɛst ðə pis ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd ðə liˈgæləti əv ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈsɛtəlmənts bɪɔnd ðə 1967 ˈbɔrdərz. waɪl hi ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv hɪz tɔk wɪθ ðə ˈstudənts ðət hi hæd kəm ˈlɪsən ənd tɪ lərn, nɑt tɪ lecture,”*,” hi ɛnˈdɔrst ə səˈluʃən ənd sɛd ðət ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs moment”*” ɪn ðə pis ˈprɔˌsɛs, ɪt wɑz ədˈvaɪzəbəl tɪ ˈrɛzəˌmeɪ ðə ˈdaɪəˌlɔg bɪtˈwin ðə ˈpɑrtiz. bɛst ˈfɔrwərd fər ˈɪzriəl, ðə bɛst weɪ ˈfɔrwərd fər ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən ˈpipəl ɪz ðət ˈdaɪəˌlɔg rɪˈzumɪŋ, ˈkɛriɪŋ ɔn ənd ˈgɪtɪŋ tɪ ə ˈfrutfəl outcome,”*,” hi sɛd, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðə pis tɔks, wɪʧ hæv bɪn ɔn ðə brɪŋk əv kəˈlæps. rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ə kˈwɛʃən əˈbaʊt ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈsɛtəlmənts, sɛd ðət ðɛr ɪkˈspænʧən wɑz ““illegal,”*,” bət stɑpt ʃɔrt əv əˈplaɪɪŋ ðət tərm tɪ ɔˈrɛdi ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈsɛtəlmənts. du bɪˈliv ðət ðə groʊθ əv ˈsɛtəlmənts ɪz ə ˈsɪriəs ˈɪʃu fər ðə pis process,”*,” hi sɛd. groʊθ əv ˈsɛtəlmənts, nu ˈsɛtəlmənts [ər] ˌɪˈligəl ˈəndər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl lɔ. ɪt ɪz ə ril ˈɪʃu, ənd ɛz ˈɪzriəl siks ə ˈsɛtəlmənt, ə səˈluʃən wɪʧ gɪvz ɪt ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti ðət ɪt ˈraɪtli dɪˈzərvz ənd wɔnts, aɪ θɪŋk ɪt ɪz ən ˈɪʃu ðət nidz tɪ bi addressed.”*.”

israel is “a homeland” for the jews, british opposition leader and labour party leader ed miliband said thursday in jerusalem, thanking the country for being a “sanctuary” for his grandmother, who lived in tel aviv for over a decade. however, he chose not to state whether he considers himself a zionist. “for me, israel is a homeland for the jewish people,” he told israeli students, after one of them asked him to clarify a statement he had made last year suggesting he sees himself as a zionist. describing israel as a homeland for jews is “not just a theoretical idea for me, it’s my family’s experience. that’s sort of the way i think about it, and that’s been my family experience and my family background. that’s the way i like to talk about it,” he said. in march 2013, miliband — the son of polish jewish immigrants — had been asked whether he was a zionist, and replied: “yes. i consider myself a supporter of israel.” but less than 24 hours after he uttered these words, miliband’s office clarified that his comments were misinterpreted, and that he merely meant to emphasize his strong support for israel. get the times of israel's daily edition by email and never miss our top stories free sign up during an hour-long question and answer session thursday at the hebrew university, which ranged from growing islamism in britain to london’s policies vis-à-vis crimea and the falklands, miliband was asked several times whether a zionist. but the labor leader, who has a reasonable chance of succeeding current prime minister david cameron after the next general election in may 2015, would not be drawn. “it’s a different way of talking about this issue, i suppose it’s my own way of talking about it,” he said, referring to his formulation of israel being a jewish homeland. “that’s the way i think about israel, that’s they way i think about it in terms of my family history. so that’s my preferred way of talking about it.” during a speech in the knesset last month, cameron also spoke of israel as “a homeland for the jewish people.” cameron stopped short of endorsing prime minister benjamin netanyahu’s demand that the palestinians recognize israel as the nation-state of the jewish people. in 2007, three years before became prime minister, cameron reportedly referred to himself as a zionist at the annual luncheon of the conservative friends of israel. “if by zionist you mean that the jews have the right to a homeland in israel and the right to a country then i am a zionist,” he said, according to haaretz. last week, uk education secretary michael gove (conservative party) reportedly praised several british politicians for their pro-zionist views, saying “why shouldn’t you be a zionist? it’s common sense.” miliband, 44, is in israel for a three-day visit during which he was scheduled to meet with senior israeli and palestinian officials, including netanyahu, labor opposition leader isaac herzog and israel’s chief peace negotiator tzipi livni. the visit is his first major foreign trip since he became the leader of the opposition in 2010. before answering the unscreened questions from the students thursday, miliband talked briefly of his feelings about being in a country he first visited when he was seven years old, to see his grandmother, whose husband had been killed by the nazis. “i come here very conscious of my family’s history and also with a deep sense of gratitude to israel for they did for my grandmother,” miliband said. “israel was a sanctuary for her from the most indescribable grief. so it’s a personal journey for me as well.” miliband also addressed the peace process and the legality of israeli settlements beyond the 1967 borders. while he emphasized at the beginning of his talk with the students that he had come “to listen and to learn, not to lecture,” he endorsed a two-state solution and said that during this “sensitive moment” in the peace process, it was advisable to resume the dialogue between the parties. “the best forward for israel, the best way forward for the palestinian people is that dialogue resuming, carrying on and getting to a fruitful outcome,” he said, referring to the us-brokered peace talks, which have been on the brink of collapse. responding to a question about labor’s criticism of israeli settlements, miliband said that their expansion was “illegal,” but stopped short of applying that term to already existing settlements. “i do believe that the growth of settlements is a serious issue for the peace process,” he said. “the growth of settlements, new settlements [are] illegal under international law. it is a real issue, and as israel seeks a settlement, a two-state solution which gives it the security that it rightly deserves and wants, i think it is an issue that needs to be addressed.”

wɪn səm taɪm əˈgoʊ noʊm ənd aɪ mɛt æt ˈɛˈmaɪˈti, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ raɪt ə bʊk ˈwɛstərn ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm: frəm ˌhɪˈroʊʃɪmə tɪ droʊn warfare”*” ənd tɪ ˈproʊdus ə fɪlm wɪθ ðə seɪm ˈtaɪtəl təˈgɛðər, ðə ˈtɑpɪk wi ˈmeɪnli eɪmd æt dɪˈskəsɪŋ wɑz ðət əv ðə ˈkaʊntləs ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪdz ðə wɛst həz kəˈmɪtɪd ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld sɪns ðə ɛnd əv ðə wwii*. ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈtɑpɪk wɑz ˌɪmˈpjunɪti. bət noʊ ˈmætər wət əˈtrɑsətiz wi re-visited*, ɑr ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən kɛpt sˈlɪpɪŋ təˈwɔrdz wən ˈkruʃəl θim: ðə ˌprɑpəˈgændə ðət həz bɪn ˌmænjəˈfækʧərd ɪn ˈmidiə ˈsɛnərz laɪk nu jɔrk, ˈpɛrɪs, ˈləndən ənd ˈəðər nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ənd ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈsɪtiz; ðə ˌprɑpəˈgændə kriˈeɪtɪd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ twɪst boʊθ ðə pæst ənd ðə ˈprɛzənt. wɪˈθaʊt səʧ ˈbreɪnˌwɑʃɪŋ ənd ðə ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈtoʊtəl ˌɪnˌdɑktrəˈneɪʃən əv ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈʤɛnərəl ˈpəblɪk ənd ðə ‘‘elites’*’ ɪn ɔl əv ðə ‘‘client’*’ steɪts, noʊ ˌɪmˈpɪriəlɪst ənd ˈpɑləsiz wʊd hæv bɪˈkəm ˈtruli səkˈsɛsfəl. wi spoʊk əˈbaʊt ˈjuˈɛs kəˈmərʃəl ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ənd ɪts ˈɪnfluəns ɔn ˈʤərmən ˈnɑtsi ˌprɑpəˈgændə, ənd əˈbaʊt ˈnɑtsi ˌprɑpəˈgændə ˈɪnˌfluənsɪŋ baɪ rɪˈtərn boʊθ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ˌjʊrəˈpiən propaganda-makers*. noʊm kɛpt ˈæskɪŋ mi əˈbaʊt maɪ ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd ɪn ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˌʧɛkəsloʊˈvɑkiə, ənd aɪ ɪkˈspleɪnd tɪ ɪm, ˈɑnəstli, haʊ ˌɪnˈdɑktrəˌneɪtɪd aɪ wɑz ɛz ə ˈtiˌneɪʤər: nɑt baɪ ðə ˈkɑmjənəst dogmas*, bət baɪ ðə ˌbibiˈsi, ðə vɔɪs əv əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ fri ˈjʊrəp ɔl əv ðɛm rɪˈlɛntləsli ˈsprɛdɪŋ ðə ˈwɛstərn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈmɑrkɪt ˈgɔspəl tɪ ɔl ˈkɔrnərz əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst wərld. boʊθ noʊm ənd aɪ hæv kriˈeɪtɪd ˈdəzənz əv ˈɛˌseɪz ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈsɛvərəl bʊks. maɪ ˈleɪtəst wən, ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt ɔl ðə ˈkɔrnərz əv ðə wərld wɛr ðə ˈɛmpaɪər ɪz ˈsprɛdɪŋ dɪˈstrəkʃən ənd ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˌɪnˌdɑktrəˈneɪʃən, həz mɔr ðən 800 ˈpeɪʤɪz, ənd ɪz kɔld laɪz əv ðə empire”*”. ənd aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz fil ðət ˈivɪn ðɪs ˈmæsɪv bʊk ʤɪst ˈtəʧɪz ðə tɪp əv ðə ˈaɪsbərg, ðət ɪt ɪz ˈoʊnli ə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ! ˈwɛstərn ˌprɑpəˈgændə ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˌæpərˈætəs! ɪt ɪz ˈifɛktɪv ənd ɪt ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈfʊli ‘‘bulletproof’*’. ɪt ‘‘works’*’! ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈɛmpaɪərz hæv bɪn rɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ɪt fər ˈmɛni lɔŋ ˈsɛnʧəriz, ənd ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts həz ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd ɪt tɪ ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈtoʊtəl pərˈfɛkʃən. wən ˌprikənˈdɪʃən fər ɪts səkˈsɛs ɪz, əv kɔrs, ðət ðə ˈwɛstərn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rəˈʒim oʊnz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈmidiə ˈʧænəlz ənd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ˈaʊˌtlɛts əv ðə wərld. dɪˈvərsɪti kən ˈnɛvər bi ˈtɑlərˌeɪtəd. ɪt kʊd smæʃ ðə ˈɪdiəsi! wəns ðɪs priˈrɛkwəzət ɪz kəmˈplitɪd, θɪŋz gɪt ˈrɛlətɪvli rɪˈlækst ənd ˈkoʊzi fər ðə ˈdɛməˌgɑgz ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˈləndən ənd ˈpɛrɪs. hir ɪz ʤɪst ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv haʊ ˈizi ɪt ɪz tɪ smɪr ə wərld ˈlidər hu rɪˈzɪsts ðə ˌɪmˈpɪriəlɪst dɪˈzaɪnz əv ðə ˈɛmpaɪər: ˌɪˈmæʤən ðət wən ˈsəni ˈmɔrnɪŋ, səm 10 ˈmeɪʤər ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz ənd ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈsteɪʃənz dɪˈklɛr ðət ˈvɛriəs əˈnɑnəməs bət ˈhaɪli rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈsɔrsəz ɪn ˈmɔˌskaʊ hæv ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ðɛm ðət ðə ˈrəʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn ɪz ə ˈvæmpaɪr! ðɪs ‘‘news’*’ wʊd flaɪ ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld. ˈmɛni ˈridərz ənd vjuərz wʊd æt fərst roʊl əraʊnd ɔn ðə flɔr ˈlæfɪŋ, bət səm wʊd nɑt. ənd ˈivɪn ˈsɛvərəl əv ðoʊz hu faʊnd ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈθəroʊli bɪˈzɑr ənd ˌənbəˈlivəbəl wʊd æt səm pɔɪnt ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət sidz əv daʊt wər bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ groʊ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɛr breɪnz: ““ok*, ɪt ɪz əbˈsərd, əv kɔrs, bət wət ɪf? wət ɪf? haʊ ˈɔfəl ðət wʊd be!”*!” bət haʊ kən wən ˈrɪli pruv ðət hi ər ʃi ɪz nɑt ə ˈvæmpaɪr? ər haʊ kən wən pruv ðət hi ər ʃi həz nɑt bɪn ˈvɪzɪtɪd baɪ səm ˈivəl flaɪɪŋ ˈsɔsərz ɔn ˈsɛvərəl ɔˈkeɪʒənz? æt səm pɔɪnt, ðə ˈrəʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt wʊd fil ðət hi hæd ɪˈnəf əv ðə ʃəreɪd. goʊ tɪ ðə bɛst ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈklɪnɪk ɪn ˈmɔˌskaʊ, ənd æsk fər ə sərˈtɪfɪkət ðət ˈklɪrli ˈsteɪtɪd ðət hi ɪz nɑt ə ˈvæmpaɪr. ˈsɛvərəl ˈlidɪŋ ˌækəˈdɛmɪks ənd ˈdɑktərz wʊd gɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ənd ˈproʊdus ə ˈkɑmplɛks ənd θəroʊ ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk kənˈkluʒən, ˈrɛzəˌlutli ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðət ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈputɪn ɪz nɑt ə ˈvæmpaɪr. ʃɑkt baɪ ənd riˈæktɪŋ tɪ ðə vəlˈgɛrɪti ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈwɛstərn ˌprɑpəˈgændə, moʊst əv ðə ˈrəʃən ˈmidiə ˈaʊˌtlɛts wʊd ˈɔfər səm ˌkɑmənˈsɛns ənd ˈlɑʤɪk: wi ɔl si ˈklɪrli ðət hi ˈkænɑt bi ə ˈvæmpaɪr? ɔl hɪz tiθ ər əv əˈprɑksəmətli ˈikwəl lɛŋθ, hi ˈsoʊʃəˌlaɪzd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə deɪ, hi dɪz nɑt slip ɪn ə ˈkɔfɪn, hi its ˈgɑrlɪk ənd hi ɪz nɑt skɛrd əv ˈkrɔsɪz; bi ðeɪ ˈɔrθəˌdɑks, ˈprɑtəstənt ər ˈkæθlɪk ones!”*!” ˈəðərz wʊd ˈɑrgju ðət ðɛr ər ˈæˌkʧuəli noʊ ril ˈvæmpaɪrz ˌɪnˈhæbɪtɪŋ ɑr ˈplænət. ðɪs ɪz wɪn ðə ˈwɛstərn mæs ˈmidiə wʊd goʊ ˈɪntu ˈoʊvərˌdraɪv. sɑrˈkæstɪkli ɪt wʊd dɪˈklɛr ðət ðə ˈrəʃən ˌækəˈdimiə, ˈrəʃən ˈdɑktərz ənd ˈrəʃən ˈmidiə ˈkænɑt bi ˈtrəstɪd ðeɪ ər ɔl ˈəndər ðə hil əv ðə steɪt, ənd ɔn tɔp əv ɪt ðeɪ hæv bɪn ˈɪnfɪlˌtreɪtɪd baɪ ˈsikrɪt ˈsərvɪsɪz ənd ˈfɔrmər ˌkeɪˌʤiˈbi ˈeɪʤənts. ‘‘vlad’*’ saʊnd ˈsəmˌhaʊ ˈsɪmələr tɪ ‘‘bran’*’, wɪʧ ɪz ðə ˈkæsəl ɪn roʊˈmeɪniə, wɪʧ ɪn tərn juzd tɪ bi ðə hoʊm beɪs əv ðə əv ɔl ˈmɪlətənt ˈvæmpaɪrz kaʊnt dracula?”*?” ðɛr wʊd stɪl bi səm ˈræʃənəl rɪˈzɪstəns: ““no*, ‘‘vlad’*’ dɪz nɑt ˈrɪli saʊnd laɪk ‘‘bran’*’, ənd ˈɛniˌweɪ, ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ɪn ˈrəʃə kɔlz ˈmɪstər. ˈputɪn ‘‘vlad’*’ ˈoʊnli ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈmidiə does.”*.” bət səʧ ˈvɔɪsɪz əv ˈrizən wʊd ˈnɛvər riʧ ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈpəblɪk ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld! ənd ɔn ɪt goʊz. ɪn ðə ɛnd, ə fju ˈbɪljənz əv ˈjumən breɪnz wʊd ˈrɛʤɪstər ənd səbˈkɑnʃəsli stɔr ðə theory’*’, ənd ðeɪ wʊd ˈnɛvər əˈgɛn lʊk æt ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈrəʃə, ər æt hɪz ˈkəntri, wɪθ ðə seɪm aɪz! əv kɔrs ðə ˈrəʃən ˈlidərˌʃɪp ɪz nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli wən ðət ðə wɛst ɪz ˈtɑrgətɪŋ. ðɛr ɪz ə rɪˈlɛntlɪs floʊ əv ‘‘shocking’*’ ˈrumərz ənd dərˈɑgəˌtɔri rɪˈmɑrks meɪd baɪ ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈmidiə əˈgɛnst ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈʧaɪnə, əv ˌbaɪˈɛloʊˈrəʃə, əˈgɛnst ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp əv ˌɪˈrɑn, saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ, ˌɛrɪˈtriə, zɪmˈbɑbweɪ, ˈsɪriə, ənd nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ɛz wɛl ɛz əˈgɛnst ɔl ðə ˈgəvərnmənts əv ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkə. ˈæftər biɪŋ rɪˈpitɪd ˈhənərdz əv taɪmz, ðə ˈrumərz, æt list fər ˈmɛni ˈpipəl, gɪt kənfˈjuzd wɪθ fækts, ənd gɪt ækˈsɛptɪd ɛz fækts. wɪn stɪl ˈlidɪŋ ˈkjubə, fɪˈdɛl ˈkæstroʊ wɑz ˈkɑnstəntli ‘‘dying’*’ ər ‘‘disappearing’*’. ðə nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈgəvərnmənt həz bɪn rɪˈlɛntləsli pɔrˈtreɪd ɛz ə ˈdɛspərɪt gæŋ əv ˈblədˌθərsti ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈmeɪniˌæks, ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ ənd ˈreɪpɪŋ ɔl ðət muvz. ðə ənd əˈspɛʃəli ˈprɛzɪdənt hæv dən tɪ kloʊz ðət ˈstægərˌɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl dɪˈvaɪd ɪn saʊθ africa’*’. ɪn saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə, ðə ˈmidiə ˈaʊˌtlɛts ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd ənd ðɛn pərˈfɛktəd ə nu ˈlukrətɪv ˈɪndəstri: ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ kərˈəpʃən ˈskændəlz ənd ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪtɪŋ ɪn ðɛm ˈvərʧuəli ɔl əv ðə ˈpɑpjələr ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈlidərz. ˈnaɪəˌlɪzəm, ˈdɑrkəst ‘‘news’*’, ənd sɪˈnɛrioʊz hæv bɪn tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ɪˈrædəˌkeɪt ɔl zil ənd ˈɑptɪˌmɪzəm ðət kəmz wɪn wən ɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ ə greɪt ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ənd ɪˌgæləˈtɛriən ˈneɪʃən. ˈnɛvər fərˈgɛt ðət day,”*,” ən ˌɛrɪˈtriən ˈkæmərəmən ɪkˈskleɪmd, ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ ˈvɪzɪt tɪ hɪz ˈkəntri. hæd ʤɪst ˈfɪnɪʃt ən əˈsaɪnmənt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈpæləs. ðɛn aɪ mɛt maɪ frɛndz ənd wi wər ˈhævɪŋ ˈkɔfi ɪn frənt əv ðə meɪn geɪt. ˈsədənli ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈnɛtˌwərks bɪˈgæn ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ ðət ɪz ə ku ɪn asmara’*’. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə wɛnt bəˈnænəz. ɪt wɑz ðə news”*” ˈstɔri ˈɛvriˌwɛr. ənd hir wi wər, raɪt ðɛr, ɔn ə ˈleɪzi ˈsəni ˌæftərˈnun, ɪn frənt əv ðə palace…*… aɪ hæd ʤɪst sin ðə president…*…. ɔl wɑz kwaɪət! ðeɪ ʤɪst ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd ɪt, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ gɪt ˈpipəl aʊt ˈɔntu ðə strits! ðeɪ wər traɪɪŋ tɪ ˌmænjəˈfækʧər ə ku ˈviə ðɛr ˈmidiə outlets.”*.” ɪt ɪz ˈmeɪnli fɪr, ˌɪmˈplæntɪd ˈɪntu ðə breɪnz əv ɪts ˈsəbʤɪkts ənd sleɪvz; fɪr ðət əˈlaʊz ðə ˈɛmpaɪər tɪ kənˈtroʊl ˈɔlˌmoʊst ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈplænət. ˈɔfən ɪt ɪz səbˈkɑnʃəs fɪr, bət ɪt ɪz fɪr ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs. fɪr kən bi ðət əv ðə ˈɛmpaɪər ɛz ə hoʊl, ər əv ɪts maɪt ənd bruˈtælɪti, ər ˈivɪn əv ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪvz, pɔrˈtreɪd ɪn ðə moʊst ənˈseɪvəri ənd ˈfraɪtənɪŋ ˈkələrz baɪ ðə ˌprɑpəˈgændə. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ rul ˌənəˈpoʊzd, wən həz tɪ bi fɪrd! ənd wən həz tɪ smɪr ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪvz. ðə tæsk tɪ sprɛd fɪr, sˈlændər dɪˈvərsɪti ənd dɪˈsɛnt, wɑz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈmidiə, ˌækəˈdimiə ənd ‘‘artists’*’. əv kɔrs ðə ˈbɪgəst ‘‘threat’*’ tɪ ðə ˈɛmpaɪər həz bɪn ðə tu ˈsɪstərz hu wər bɔrn ˈəndər ðə seɪm stɑr, frəm ðə seɪm ˈməðər kɔld ˈhjuməˌnɪzəm. ðɛr neɪmz ər ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm ənd ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm. ənd aɪ æm nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈmɑrksɪst ˈkɑnsɛpt. ðɛr ər ˈmɛni greɪt ˈkɑnsɛpts ðət pʊt laɪf ənd ðə ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əv ðə ˈpipəl fərst, ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld! ɪn fækt, ə fju ˈdɛkeɪdz əˈgoʊ, ɪt wɑz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈkrɪstəl klɪr ðət ˈwɛstərn kəˈloʊniəˌlɪzəm, ˌɪmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm ənd ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm wər ˈfɪnɪʃt. ðɛr taɪm wɑz əp! ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm wɑz ðə ˈnæʧərəl ənd ˈlɑʤɪkəl weɪ ˈfɔrwərd fər moʊst əv juˈmænɪti. bət ðɛn ðə wɛst ənd ɪts ˈɛmpaɪər fɔt bæk. ðeɪ ɪmˈplɔɪd ɪkˈstrim ˈvaɪələns ənd bruˈtælɪti, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈkənɪŋ ənd rule’*’ ˈtæktɪks. tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz daɪd, ənd ˈprɑˌgrɛs wɑz stɑpt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈhoʊpfəli, ˈoʊnli fər ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm. ənd nɑt ˈɛvriˌwɛr! wən əv ˈmɛni ˈrizənz waɪ ˈrəʃə ɪz pərˈsivd ɛz ə greɪt ‘‘threat’*’ ɪz bɪˈkəz ɪt ˌɪnˈhɛrətɪd ðə ˈhjumənɪst ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənəlɪst ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən. bət, ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈkəz ɪt ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəlɪst əˈgɛn (ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt ɪz ˈmuvɪŋ ɪn ðət dɪˈrɛkʃɪn baɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪkˈstrimli ʃɔrt stɛps). ˈrəʃə ɪz rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ˌɪrɪˈvərsəbli frəm ðoʊz dɑrk deɪz əv ðə fri ˈmɑrkətər ənd ˈlæki, ˈbɔrɪs ˈjɛltsən. ˈrəʃə ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈheɪtɪd bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ˈsɛtɪŋ ðə example’*’; ˈpruvɪŋ tɪ ðə wərld ðət wən kən dɪˈvɛləp ənd ˈprɑspər wɪˈθaʊt ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɔrdərz frəm ðə wɛst, wɪˈθaʊt ˈsərvɪŋ ɪts ˈgəvərnmənts ənd ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz. ər mɔr prɪˈsaɪsli: ɪt kən du ɪt ɪgˈzæktli bɪˈkəz ɪt broʊk ˌɪtˈsɛlf fri! ðə ˌdimənəˈzeɪʃən əv ˈrəʃə ɪz rɪˈlɛntlɪs. ˈɛvəri ˈlɪtəl ˈnɛgətɪv ˈditeɪl ɪz ˈməltəˌplaɪd ənd ˈmægnəˌfaɪd baɪ ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈmidiə ənd fɪlm ˈɪndəstri. ðə ˈpəblɪk ɪz biɪŋ nərɪʃt baɪ bɪˈzɑr ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪps ənd ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃənz. ənd soʊ wən əv ðə moʊst kəmˈpæʃənət, dip, ɑrˈtɪstɪk ənd ˈpæʃənət ˈneɪʃənz ɔn ərθ, ˈrəʃə, ɪz dɪˈpɪktɪd ɛz biɪŋ koʊld, ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk, ˈhɑrtləs ənd ˌɪnˈhɛrəntli ˈivəl. ˈmæsɪv ˈneɪtoʊ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈfɔrsɪz ər naʊ dɪˈspæʧt əˈlɔŋ ˈwɛstərn ˈbɔrdər, ənd ðeɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈʤərmən trups. ˌpiriˈɑdɪkəli ðɛr ər məˈnuvərz ənd ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz, nɑt fɑr frəm ðə ˈbɔrdərˌlaɪn. ɪt ɪz ˈklɪrli ə ˌprɑvəˈkeɪʃən, ənd ɪt ɔl brɪŋz bæk ðə hɔˈrɪfɪk ˈmɛməriz əv ðə jɪrz raɪt ˌbiˈfɔr wərld wɔr ii*, ðə wɔr ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈrəʃən ˈneɪʃən lɔst bɪtˈwin 25 ənd 30 ˈmɪljən lɪvz. ə fju ˈhənərd ˈkɪləˌmitərz saʊθ, ən oʊld ˈælaɪ, ɪn fækt ə sˈlɑvɪk ˈsɪstər, juˈkreɪn, ɪz biɪŋ fɔrst tɪ kənˈfrənt ˈrəʃə baɪ ɪts ˈwɛstərn ˈhændələrz, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ɪz biɪŋ dən əˈgɛnst ðə wɪl əv ðə greɪt məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə juˈkreɪniən ˈpipəl. ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɪz ˈhɛvəli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə dɪˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzɪŋ əv ˈsɛntrəl ˈeɪʒə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə grup əv ˈneɪʃənz ðət juzd tɪ fɔrm pɑrt əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən. bət θæŋks tɪ ˌmɑkjəˈvɛliən ˈwɛstərn ˌprɑpəˈgændə, ɪt ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈrəʃə ðət ɪz biɪŋ pɔrˈtreɪd ɛz ðə əˈgrɛsər ənd ə ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ wərld pis! ənd ɪt ɪz ˈʧaɪnə, wɪʧ ɪz biɪŋ dɪˈpɪktɪd ɛz səm kaɪnd əv ə ˈruθləs ənd ˌənprɪˈdɪktəbəl ˈmɑnstər ðət ɪz naʊ ˈrɛdi tɪ sˈwɔloʊ ðə wərld! ɪn fækt ˈʧaɪnə ɪz ən ɪkˈstrimli prɪˈdɪktəbəl ˈkəntri, ənd ˈɛni ˌənˈbaɪəst ˈstudənt əv wərld ˈhɪstəri wʊd ˈklɪrli si haʊ ˈpisfəli ɪt həz bɪn bɪˈheɪvɪŋ, fər ˈsɛnʧəriz! bət tɪ ‘‘prove’*’ ðət ˈʧaɪnə ɪz nɑt ə ˈkɑmjənəst ˈkəntri, ˌɛniˈmɔr, ənd æt ðə seɪm taɪm ðət ɪt ɪz wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst θrɛts tɪ wərld pis ənd ‘‘stability’*’ (rɛd: tɪ ˈwɛstərn kənˈtroʊl əv ðə wərld), ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tæsks ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈmidiə, ˌækəˈdimiə ənd ˌprɑpəˈgændə baɪ ðə ˈɛmpaɪər. ənd ðeɪ ər səkˈsidɪŋ! ˌɪnˌdɑktrəˈneɪʃən ˈtæktɪks ər ˈwərkɪŋ ˈflɔləsli. ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈpjubɪk ɪz baɪ naʊ ˈθəroʊli ˈbreɪnˌwɑʃt (æt wərst) ər kənfˈjuzd (æt bɛst) wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈʧaɪnə. ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz aɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤd ˈhənərdz əv frɛnʧ, ˌɪˈtæljən, ˈspænɪʃ, ˈʤərmən, ˈbrɪtɪʃ ənd ʧɛk ˈpipəl ɪn dɪˈskəʃənz əˈbaʊt ˈʧaɪnə, ʤɪst tɪ rɪˈsiv (wɪθ ɪkˈstrimli fju ɪkˈsɛpʃənz) ə bərɑʒ əv ˈstændərˌdaɪzd, ˈpeɪtrəˌnaɪzɪŋ, ‘‘opinions’*’. ɪt ˈɔfən fɛlt laɪk ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈpipəl hu wər fɔrst tɪ lɪv fər ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈəndər ðə ˈtælɪˌbæn ər ˈəndər ðə guidance’*’ əv səm ˌfəndəˈmɛnəlɪst ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl ˈprɑtəstənt sɛkt. ɪn fækt, ˈʧaɪnə ɪz boʊθ ˈkɑmjənəst (ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm ər ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm, bət wɪθ ʧaɪˈniz ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks) ɛz ɪt ɪz ˈbrɛθˌteɪkɪŋli səkˈsɛsfəl! ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðɪs ˈmɑrvələs ˈkəntri, təˈgɛðər wɪθ maɪ ˈkɑligz ənd ˈkɑmˌrædz, aɪ æm ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə kənˈkluʒən ðət ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ ˈɔfən ˈjuzɪz minz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈʧiv ˈsoʊʃəlɪst goals”*” (tɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ ə kwoʊt frəm ʤɛf ʤeɪ braʊn, wɪʧ ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ðə sub-title’*’ əv hɪz ˈleɪtəst bʊk). ənd ən ɪˈnɔrmɪs, ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt, səkˈsɛsfəl ˈkɑmjənəst ər ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈkəntri ðət ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli ðə wərst ˈnaɪtˌmɛr fər ðə ˈɛmpaɪər! ɪt ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət həz tɪ bi stɑpt, dɪˈreɪld, dɪˈstrɔɪd, ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ənd ˈdiməˌnaɪzd baɪ ɔl minz! ˈkɑmjənəst success…*… ju wʊd ˈnɛvər hir əˈbaʊt ðət ɔn ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn, ˌbibiˈsi ər fɑks ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən! ʤɪst ɛz ju wʊd ˈnɛvər hir ðət ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə, ˈɪndiə, ˌruˈɑndə ənd ˈɛni əv ðə ˈəðər ˈælaɪz ənd klaɪənt ˈneɪʃənz, ər ɪn fækt ðə moʊst ˈbrutəl ˈfæʃɪst ‘‘failed’*’ steɪts, ənd ðət ðə ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪdz ɪn ˈpæpjuə, ˈkæʃmɪr ənd ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk riˈpəblɪk əv ˈkɑŋgoʊ (drc*) ər ðə ˈblədiəst ɪkˌstərməˈneɪʃən kæmˈpeɪnz ˈɛniˌwɛr ɪn ðə wərld. aɪ hæv wərkt ɪn ɔl ðiz ˈkəntriz, ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪvli, aɪ kən ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ. ɛz ðɪs ɪz biɪŋ ˈrɪtən, ðə ˈpipəl əv ˈkæʃmɪr ər biɪŋ ˈmərdərd ənd ˈtɔrʧərd. raɪt æt ðɪs ˈmoʊmənt! aɪ æm ˈwəndərɪŋ haʊ ˈmɛni əv maɪ ˈridərz ər əˈwɛr əv ɪt? pərˈhæps əbˈsɛst wɪθ laɪz əv ðə empire”*”. ə ˈsɛkənd ˈvɑljum wɪl sun ˈfɑloʊ maɪ lɔŋ bʊk. aɪ ˈkænɑt stɑp ˈtrævəlɪŋ, ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ənd əˈmæsɪŋ ðə ˈɛvədəns. bɪˈkəz aɪ æm ʃɑkt; bɪˈkəz aɪ æm ˈaʊˌtreɪʤd ənd bɪˈkəz ðɛr ər soʊ fju, soʊ ˈdɛspərətli fju ˈpipəl ðət ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ðə moʊst ˈdɛspərɪt pɑrts əv ðə wərld! ˈvərʧuəli ɔl ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪps əˈbaʊt ðə wərld ðət hæv bɪn dəˈmɛstəˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə wɛst ər rɔŋ, ˈtɛrəbli rɔŋ. ðə ˈstɔri əv ðə ˈrəʃən ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ɪz toʊld ɪn ðə moʊst tˈwɪstɪd weɪ, ənd soʊ ɪz ðə ˈstɔri əv ðə juˈkreɪniən ˈfæmən ənd əv ðə gulags*. nɑt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz rɔŋ, əv kɔrs, bət ðə fækts ənd ˈnəmbərz ər tˈwɪstɪd. aɪ wɪl sun ˈrɛzəˌmeɪ maɪ wərk ɪn ðə ˈrəʃən fɑr ist, tɪ raɪt ɔn ðɪs ˈsəbʤɪkt. ðə ˈstɔri əv ˈʧaɪnə ɪz groʊˈtɛskli rɔŋ, frəm ðə greɪt mɑrʧ tɪ ðə ˈprɛzənt deɪ! ðə ˈstɔri əv slaughter”*” ˈəndər ðə kmɛr ruʒ ɪz ə ˈθəroʊli ˌɪdiˈɑtɪk məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən! ðə sˈlɔtər wɑz ðɛr, bət mɔr ˈpipəl daɪd frəm ðə ˈjuˈɛs carpet-bombing*, ənd ðɛn frəm biɪŋ dɪˈspleɪst frəm ðɛr fɑrmz baɪ ˈjuˈɛs maɪnz ənd ˈkləstər ‘‘bombies’*’, ðən frəm pɔl əˈtrɑsətiz. ðə greɪt məˈʤɔrəti əv kmɛr ruʒ mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən hæd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm. ðeɪ wər ʤɪst ˈsɛtəlɪŋ skɔrz wɪθ ðə ˈkæpɪtəl, wɪʧ ðeɪ sɔ ɛz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈsɛlɪŋ ðə ˈkəntri tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ənd fər ðə ˈbɑmɪŋ əv ðə ˈkəntriˌsaɪd. ɪn ðə ˈʤəŋgəl, aɪ ˈrisəntli mɛt pɔl ˈpərsɪnəl gɑrd. hi toʊld mi ˈfræŋkli ðət hi wɑz ˈsɪmpli pɪst ɔf (ðə ˈbɑmɪŋ kɪld hɪz ˈrɛlətɪvz), ənd hæd noʊ klu wət ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm wɑz: pɑt keɪm ənd sɛd ‘‘communism*! faɪt ðə traitors!’*!’ ənd wi dɪd. haʊ kʊd ˈsəmˌwən kɔl ˈjuˈɛs ə ˈkɑmjənəst ˈkəntri ɪf wi dɪd nɑt ˈivɪn noʊ wət ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm was?”*?” wət wi ˈhɑrdli ˈɛvər hir ɪz ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈstɔri əv ˈmænˈkaɪnd: ðə ˈstɔri əv ˈwɛstərn kəˈloʊniəl plunders*, əv ˌɪmˈpoʊzd sˈleɪvəri, ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪdz ðət ˈlæstɪd fər ˈsɛnʧəriz, əv ˈfæmənz ðət kɪld tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz ɪn ðə sub-continent*, əv ˈvərʧuəli ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈjʊrəp ənd ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli kəˈmɪtɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl ˈhɔləˌkɔst. wi ər nɑt toʊld ðət ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈhæpənd, ənd ðət ɪt ɪz stɪl goʊɪŋ ɔn ənd ɔn ənd ɔn! ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ‘‘shelter’*’ ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈpəblɪk frəm ðə ˌhɔˈrɛndəs truθ əˈbaʊt ðə pæst ənd ðə ˈprɛzənt əv ðɛr ˈkəntriz ənd ˈkəlʧər, nu ənd nuər ˈstɔriz əˈbaʊt ðoʊz others”*” ər biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd ənd ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪd. pərˈhæps, sun, wi wɪl bi ˈrɪli toʊld ðət ˈmɪstər. ˈputɪn ɪz ə ˈvæmpaɪr, ər ðət kɪm ʤɔŋ ˈjuˈɛn ɪz ˈitɪŋ ˌkɔˈriən ˈvərʤənz fər ˈbrɛkfəst. wi meɪ nɑt bi fɑr frəm səʧ ə nu weɪv əv ˌprɑpəˈgændə zil. ɪt ɔl meɪks sɛns: ðə mɔr ˈivəl ðə ˈɛmpaɪər bɪˈkəmz; ðə mɔr ɪt həz tɪ smɪr ɪts ˈædvərˌsɛriz. ðə mæs ˈmidiə ənd ˈhɑliˌwʊd ər æst tɪ pərˈfɔrm. ənd ðeɪ du! ˌriˈæləˌti ənd ˈfɪkʃən ər naʊ biɪŋ ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli mɪkst, ənd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ gɪts blərd ənd ˈfaɪnəli ðə greɪt kənfˈjuʒən ənd ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl keɪɑs ər ˈmænəʤɪŋ tɪ ˌoʊvərˈwɛlm boʊθ ˈrizən ənd ˈlɑʤɪk. ðə ˈɛmpaɪər ɪz ˈkɪlɪŋ ˈmɪljənz ənd dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ˈkəntriz ənd ˈkɑntənənts. bət ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ɪz ˈfɑlɪŋ ɔf ə klɪf, ənd klaʊdz əv juʤ ˈɪnˌsɛkts ər ˌɪnˈveɪdɪŋ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə. waɪl ˈmɪljənz əv ˈeɪliən ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts ər naʊ ɪnˈgəlfɪŋ ðə ‘‘tolerant’*’ ənd ‘‘democratic’*’ ˈjʊrəp! soʊ wət ɪz mɔr ˈtɛrəbəl? pləs ðɛr ər ðoʊz ˈsɪnɪstər ˈmɑnstərz laɪk kaʊnt vlæd ənd ˈkɑmˌræd kɪm, ˈweɪtɪŋ wɪθ ðɛr ˈdægərz bɪˈhaɪnd ə ˈkɔrnər! ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ðə ˈɛmpaɪər ənd ɪts ˈpipəl hæv tɪ ‘‘protect’*’ ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ðeɪ hæv tɪ bi təf, ˈivɪn ˈtəfər ðən ˌbiˈfɔr! ənd tɪ pʊt ðɛr ˈɪntərɪsts fərst! əˈmɛrɪkə (nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə) fərst! ˈʤərməni fərst! fræns fərst! ˈprɪmɪtɪv? dɪz ɪt ɔl saʊnd ˈprɪmɪtɪv? jɛs, ˈsərtənli. bət ɪt wərks! æt list fər ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiənz ənd nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkənz ɪt dɪz. ənd ðə ˈrulərz gɪv ə dæm wət wərks ər fər ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈplænət. ˈɑnˌdreɪ ɪz fəˈlɑsəfər, ˈnɑvələst, ˈfɪlˌmeɪkər ənd ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv ˈʤərnəlɪst, ə kriˈeɪtər əv wərld ən ə ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tˈwɪtər ˈjuzər, əˈspɛʃəli fər ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈmægəˌzin ˈistərn outlook.”*.”

when some time ago noam chomsky and i met at mit, in order to write a book “on western terrorism: from hiroshima to drone warfare” and to produce a film with the same title together, the topic we mainly aimed at discussing was that of the countless genocides the west has committed all over the world since the end of the wwii. the second topic was impunity. but no matter what atrocities we re-visited, our conversation kept slipping towards one crucial theme: the propaganda that has been manufactured in media centers like new york, paris, london and other north american and european cities; the propaganda created in order to twist both the past and the present. without such brainwashing and the almost total indoctrination of the western general public and the ‘elites’ in all of the ‘client’ states, no imperialist and neo-colonialist policies would have become truly successful. we spoke about us commercial advertising and its influence on german nazi propaganda, and about nazi propaganda influencing by return both the us and european propaganda-makers. noam kept asking me about my childhood in socialist czechoslovakia, and i explained to him, honestly, how indoctrinated i was as a teenager: not by the communist dogmas, but by the bbc, the voice of america and the radio free europe all of them relentlessly spreading the western political and market gospel to all corners of the socialist world. both noam and i have created dozens of essays on the topic, as well as several books. my latest one, basically written about all the corners of the world where the empire is spreading destruction and followed by indoctrination, has more than 800 pages, and is called “exposing lies of the empire”. and i always feel that even this massive book just touches the tip of the iceberg, that it is only a beginning! * western propaganda is actually a perfect apparatus! it is effective and it is almost fully ‘bulletproof’. it ‘works’! european empires have been refining it for many long centuries, and the european offspring the united states has elevated it to almost total perfection. one precondition for its success is, of course, that the western political and economic regime owns almost all the major media channels and distribution outlets of the world. diversity can never be tolerated. it could smash the idiocy! once this prerequisite is completed, things get relatively relaxed and cozy for the demagogues in washington, london and paris. here is just an example of how easy it is to smear a world leader who resists the imperialist designs of the empire: imagine that one sunny morning, some 10 major newspapers and television stations declare that various anonymous but highly reliable sources in moscow have informed them that the russian president vladimir putin is a vampire! this ‘news’ would fly all over the world. many readers and viewers would at first roll around on the floor laughing, but some would not. and even several of those who found the information thoroughly bizarre and unbelievable would at some point realize that seeds of doubt were beginning to grow inside their brains: “ok, it is absurd, of course, but what if? what if? how awful that would be!” but how can one really prove that he or she is not a vampire? or how can one prove that he or she has not been visited by some evil extra-terrestrial flying saucers on several occasions? at some point, the russian president would feel that he had enough of the charade. he’d go to the best university clinic in moscow, and ask for a certificate that clearly stated that he is not a vampire. several leading academics and doctors would get involved and produce a complex and thorough scientific conclusion, resolutely stating that president putin is not a vampire. shocked by and reacting to the vulgarity demonstrated by the western propaganda tsars, most of the russian media outlets would offer some commonsense and logic: “can’t we all see clearly that he cannot be a vampire? all his teeth are of approximately equal length, he socialized during the day, he does not sleep in a coffin, he eats garlic and he is not scared of crosses; be they orthodox, protestant or catholic ones!” others would argue that there are actually no real vampires inhabiting our planet. this is when the western mass media would go into overdrive. sarcastically it would declare that the russian academia, russian doctors and russian media cannot be trusted they are all under the heel of the state, and on top of it they have been infiltrated by nation’s secret services and former kgb agents. “and doesn’t ‘vlad’ sound somehow similar to ‘bran’, which is the castle in romania, which in turn used to be the home base of the commander-in-chief of all militant vampires count dracula?” there would still be some rational resistance: “no, ‘vlad’ does not really sound like ‘bran’, and anyway, nobody in russia calls mr. putin ‘vlad’ only the western media does.” but such voices of reason would never reach the general public all over the world! and on it goes. in the end, a few billions of human brains would register and subconsciously store the ‘vampire theory’, and they would never again look at the president of russia, or at his country, with the same eyes! * of course the russian leadership is not the only one that the west is targeting. there is a relentless flow of ‘shocking’ rumors and derogatory remarks made by the mainstream media against the president of china, of byelorussia, against the leadership of iran, south africa, eritrea, zimbabwe, syria, and north korea as well as against all the left-wing governments of latin america. after being repeated hundreds of times, the rumors, at least for many people, get confused with facts, and get accepted as facts. when still leading cuba, fidel castro was constantly ‘dying’ or ‘disappearing’. the north korean government has been relentlessly portrayed as a desperate gang of bloodthirsty sexual maniacs, executing and raping all that moves. the anc and especially president zuma have done ‘nothing to close that staggering social divide in south africa’. in south america, the pro-western media outlets invented and then perfected a new lucrative industry: manufacturing corruption scandals and implicating in them virtually all of the popular socialist leaders. nihilism, darkest ‘news’, and scenarios have been force-fed to the public, in order to eradicate all zeal and optimism that comes when one is building a great independent and egalitarian nation. “i never forget that day,” an eritrean cameraman exclaimed, during my visit to his country. “i had just finished an assignment inside the presidential palace. then i met my friends and we were having coffee in front of the main gate. suddenly the western networks began broadcasting that ‘there is a coup in asmara’. social media went bananas. it was the “breaking news” story everywhere. and here we were, right there, on a lazy sunny afternoon, in front of the palace… i had just seen the president…. all was quiet! they just invented it, in order to get people out onto the streets! they were trying to manufacture a coup via their media outlets.” * it is mainly fear, implanted into the brains of its subjects and slaves; fear that allows the empire to control almost the entire planet. often it is subconscious fear, but it is fear nevertheless. fear can be that of the empire as a whole, or of its might and brutality, or even of the alternatives, portrayed in the most unsavory and frightening colors by the propaganda. in order to rule unopposed, one has to be feared! and one has to smear the alternatives. the task to spread fear, slander diversity and dissent, was given to the official media, academia and ‘artists’. of course the biggest ‘threat’ to the empire has been the two sisters who were born under the same star, from the same mother called humanism. their names are communism and socialism. and i am not only talking about the western marxist concept. there are many great concepts that put life and the well-being of the people first, all over the world! in fact, a few decades ago, it was becoming crystal clear that western colonialism, imperialism and capitalism were finished. their time was up! socialism was the natural and logical way forward for most of humanity. but then the west and its empire fought back. they employed extreme violence and brutality, as well as cunning ‘divide and rule’ tactics. tens of millions died, and progress was stopped, although hopefully, only for a limited period of time. and not everywhere! one of many reasons why russia is perceived as a great ‘threat’ is because it inherited the humanist and internationalist foreign policy of the soviet union. but, also because it itself is actually becoming socialist again (although it is moving in that direction by taking extremely short steps). russia is recovering irreversibly from those dark days of the free marketer and west’s lackey, boris yeltsin. russia is also hated because it is setting the ‘wrong example’; proving to the world that one can develop and prosper without taking orders from the west, without serving its governments and corporations. or more precisely: it can do it exactly because it broke itself free! the demonization of russia is relentless. every little negative detail is multiplied and magnified by the mainstream media and film industry. the world’s public is being nourished by bizarre stereotypes and fabrications. and so one of the most compassionate, deep, artistic and passionate nations on earth, russia, is depicted as being cold, robotic, heartless and inherently evil. massive nato military forces are now dispatched along russia’s western border, and they include german troops. periodically there are maneuvers and exercises, not far from the borderline. it is clearly a provocation, and it all brings back the horrific memories of the years right before world war ii, the war in which the russian nation lost between 25 and 30 million lives. a few hundred kilometers south, an old ally, in fact a slavic sister, ukraine, is being forced to confront russia by its western handlers, something that is being done against the will of the great majority of the ukrainian people. the us is heavily involved in the destabilizing of central asia, including a group of nations that used to form part of the soviet union. but thanks to machiavellian western propaganda, it is actually russia that is being portrayed as the aggressor and a danger to world peace! and it is china, which is being depicted as some kind of a ruthless and unpredictable monster that is now ready to swallow the world! in fact china is an extremely predictable country, and any unbiased student of world history would clearly see how peacefully it has been behaving, for centuries! but to ‘prove’ that china is not a communist country, anymore, and at the same time that it is one of the greatest threats to world peace and ‘stability’ (read: to western control of the world), is one of the most important tasks given to the western media, academia and propaganda tsars by the empire. and they are succeeding! indoctrination tactics are working flawlessly. the western pubic is by now thoroughly brainwashed (at worst) or confused (at best) when it comes to china. in recent years i engaged hundreds of french, italian, spanish, german, british and czech people in discussions about china, just to receive (with extremely few exceptions) a barrage of standardized, patronizing, mass-produced ‘opinions’. it often felt like talking to the people who were forced to live for decades under the taliban or under the ‘spiritual guidance’ of some fundamentalist evangelical protestant sect. in fact, china is both communist (communism or socialism, but with chinese characteristics) as it is breathtakingly successful! analyzing this marvelous country, together with my china-based colleagues and comrades, i am coming to the conclusion that beijing often uses “capitalist means in order to achieve socialist goals” (to borrow a quote from jeff j brown, which is actually the sub-title’ of his latest book). and an enormous, independent, successful communist or socialist country that is absolutely the worst nightmare for the empire! it is something that has to be stopped, derailed, destroyed, isolated and demonized by all means! china’s communist success… you would never hear about that on cnn, bbc or fox tv! just as you would never hear that indonesia, india, rwanda and any of the other empire’s allies and client nations, are in fact the most brutal fascist ‘failed’ states, and that the genocides in papua, kashmir and the democratic republic of congo (drc) are the bloodiest extermination campaigns anywhere in the world. i have worked in all these countries, intensively, i can testify. as this is being written, the people of kashmir are being murdered and tortured. right at this moment! i am wondering how many of my readers are aware of it? * perhaps i’m obsessed with “exposing lies of the empire”. a second volume will soon follow my 820-page long book. i cannot stop travelling, investigating and amassing the evidence. because i am shocked; because i am outraged and because there are so few, so desperately few people that are actually working in the most desperate parts of the world! virtually all stereotypes about the world that have been domesticated in the west are wrong, terribly wrong. the story of the russian revolution is told in the most twisted way, and so is the story of the ukrainian famine and of the gulags. not everything is wrong, of course, but the facts and numbers are twisted. i will soon resume my work in the russian far east, to write on this subject. the story of china is grotesquely wrong, from the great march to the present day! the story of cambodia’s “commie slaughter” under the khmer rouge is a thoroughly idiotic manipulation! the slaughter was there, but more people died from the us carpet-bombing, and then from being displaced from their farms by us mines and cluster ‘bombies’, than from pol pot’s atrocities. the great majority of khmer rouge men and women had nothing to do with communism. they were just settling scores with the capital, which they saw as responsible for selling the country to the us, and for the bombing of the countryside. in the jungle, i recently met pol pot’s personal guard. he told me frankly that he was simply pissed off (the bombing killed his relatives), and had no clue what communism was: “pol pot came and said ‘communism! let’s fight the traitors!’ and we did. how could someone call us a communist country if we did not even know what communism was?” what we hardly ever hear is the most important story of mankind: the story of western colonial plunders, of imposed slavery, genocides that lasted for centuries, of british-triggered famines that killed tens of millions in the sub-continent, of virtually the entire europe and christianity systematically committing global holocaust. we are not told that it actually happened, and that it is still going on and on and on! in order to ‘shelter’ the western public from the horrendous truth about the past and the present of their countries and culture, new and newer stories about those “evil others” are being invented and circulated. * perhaps, soon, we will be really told that mr. putin is a vampire, or that kim jong un is eating korean virgins for breakfast. we may not be far from such a new wave of propaganda zeal. it all makes sense: the more evil the empire becomes; the more it has to smear its adversaries. the mass media and hollywood are asked to perform. and they do! reality and fiction are now being systematically mixed, and everything gets blurred and finally the great confusion and intellectual chaos are managing to overwhelm both reason and logic. the empire is killing millions and destroying countries and continents. but california is falling off a cliff, and clouds of huge insects are invading the entire north america. while millions of alien terrorists are now engulfing the ‘tolerant’ and ‘democratic’ europe! so what is more terrible? plus there are those sinister monsters like count vlad and comrade kim, waiting with their daggers behind a corner! therefore, the empire and its people have to ‘protect’ themselves. they have to be tough, even tougher than before! and to put their interests first! america (north america) first! germany first! france first! primitive? does it all sound primitive? yes, certainly. but it works! at least for the europeans and north americans it does. and the rulers don’t give a damn what works or doesn’t for the rest of the planet. andre vltchek is philosopher, novelist, filmmaker and investigative journalist, he’s a creator of vltchek’s world an a dedicated twitter user, especially for the online magazine “new eastern outlook.”

haɪ ɔl, θæŋks fər ˈrɛdɪŋ maɪ blɔgz soʊ fɑr. ɔn tɔp əv maɪ blɔg əˈbaʊt ˈhævɪŋ ə gʊd wɔrm əp ˈɛksərˌsaɪz, ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ hæv wən tɪ dɪˈvɛləp jʊr ˈlɪtəl ˈfɪŋgər strɛŋθ. ˈmɛni ˈpipəl sim tɪ nɪˈglɛkt ðɛr ˈlɪtəl ˈfɪŋgər, bət ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ bɪˈkəm ən əˈkɑmplɪʃt ˌgɪˈtɑrɪst ju nid tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ɔl jʊr ˈfrɛtɪŋ ˈfɪŋgərz. hæv ə goʊ æt ðə bɪˈloʊ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz wɛr juz ʤɪst jʊr ənd ˈfɪŋgərz ˈoʊnli. ðə ˈpætərn ɪz ɪn grups əv 3 ənd ju kən si bɪn dɪˈspleɪd ‘‘ascending’*’ (goʊɪŋ əp ɪn pɪʧ) ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ‘‘descending’*’ (goʊɪŋ daʊn ɪn pɪʧ) ðə wən dɪˈsɛndɪŋ ɪz wɛr ju stɑrt wɪθ jʊr ˈlɪtəl ˈfɪŋgər ənd ðə wən əˈsɛndɪŋ ju stɑrt wɪθ ðə. ju ʃʊd faɪnd ðət ðɪs hɛlps ˈmæsɪvli θɪŋk əv ɪt ɛz ə ˈfɪŋgər ʤɪm ˈɛksərˌsaɪz fər ðə gɪˈtɑr. (ɪf ju wɔnt ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈpɪkʧər klɪk ɔn ðə ˈpɪkʧər əˈbəv) rɑk ɛn roʊl ju kən faɪnd mi twit ˈrɛgjələrli ɔn ɔl θɪŋz gɪˈtɑr ɔn tˈwɪtər ˈmɛni θæŋks ʤeɪmz ˈskoʊfild

hi all, thanks for reading my blogs so far. on top of my blog about having a good warm up exercise, it’s also important to have one to develop your little finger strength. many people seem to neglect their little finger, but if you want to become an accomplished guitarist you need to take advantage of all your fretting fingers. have a go at the below exercise where you’ll use just your 3rd and 4th fingers only. the pattern is in groups of 3 and you can see it’s been displayed ‘ascending’ (going up in pitch) and also ‘descending’ (going down in pitch) the one descending is where you start with your little finger and the one ascending you start with the 3rd. you should find that this helps massively – think of it as a finger gym exercise for the guitar. (if you want a larger picture click on the picture above) rock n roll you can find me tweet regularly on all things guitar @jsmusicschool on twitter many thanks james schofield

aɪ bɛt ɪf pɛˈloʊsi hɛld hər taʊn hɔl bæk ɪn hər sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈdɪstrɪkt ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ɔn ə ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn sɛt wɪθ krɪs kˈwoʊmoʊ, ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn ə ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt ɪˈvɛnt. aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt ʃi wʊd hæv feɪst ə ˈsɪmələr rɪˈspɑns frəm ˈæktɪvɪsts ðət ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈkɑŋgrəs hæv ˈgɔtən frəm ðɛr kənˈstɪʧuənts. fərst əv ɔl, ɔl kˈwoʊmoʊz kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə deɪz trəmp ˌɪnfoʊˈteɪnmənt kræp wʊd nɑt hæv ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ faɪnd aʊt wət pɛˈloʊsi stændz fər ənd wɛr ʃi wɔnts tɪ teɪk hər ˈpɑrti ənd ɑr ˈkəntri. ˈsɪkˈstin ˈmɪnəts ɪn ənd ðeɪ wər stɪl əˈbaʊt ðə ˈditeɪlz əv trəmps ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz tɪ ðə ˈrəʃən spaɪz-- greɪt fər ˈbrɛθləs ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˈkəvərɪʤ bət ˈmoʊstli ə weɪst əv taɪm ɪn tərmz əv wət kənˈstɪʧuənts-- boʊθ ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ənd ˈivɪn ˈnæʃənəli-- ər ˈrɪli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn. jɛs, "lus lɪps kən sɪŋk ʃɪps," θæŋk ju ˈnænsi ənd krɪs. ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst əˈsərʃənz əˈbaʊt trəmps bɪˈheɪvjər wɪθ ˈputɪn. ʃi ˈdɪdənt seɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ rɔŋ, bət kˈwoʊmoʊ juzd hər ɛz ə nuz ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər ɔn ðə ˈpɑpɪŋ nuz ˈstɔri əv ðə deɪ. ʃi ʃʊd hæv noʊn ˈbɛtər ənd stɪrd təˈwɔrdz ə ˈpɑzətɪv ˈmɛsɪʤ. ˈivɪn ðə fərst ˈmɛsɪʤ kˈwoʊmoʊ pre-arranged*, wɑz mɔr əv ðɪs stəf. ənd ðɛn kˈwoʊmoʊ brɔt əp ˌɪmˈpiʧmənt-- spəˈsɪfɪkli ɪf ʃiz traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt aʊt ə ˈmɛsɪʤ ðət ˌɪnˈspaɪrz ˈmɪdˌtərm ˈvoʊtərz, ʃi feɪld baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ə θərd əv hər taɪm tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt əˈbaʊt trəmps bɪˈheɪvjər wɪθ ˈputɪn. ʃi ˈdɪdənt seɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ rɔŋ, bət kˈwoʊmoʊ juzd hər ɛz ə nuz ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər ɔn ðə ˈpɑpɪŋ nuz ˈstɔri əv ðə deɪ. ʃi ʃʊd hæv noʊn ˈbɛtər ənd stɪrd təˈwɔrdz ə ˈpɑzətɪv ˈmɛsɪʤ. ˈivɪn ðə fərst ˈmɛsɪʤ kˈwoʊmoʊ pre-arranged*, wɑz mɔr əv ðɪs stəf. ənd ðɛn kˈwoʊmoʊ brɔt əp ˌɪmˈpiʧmənt-- spəˈsɪfɪkli rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. æl grinz kɔl ðə ˈəðər deɪ tɪ stɑrt ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ nu ˈpoʊlɪŋ ə plərˈælɪti əv əˈmɛrɪkənz naʊ wɔnt tɪ ˌɪmˈpiʧ trəmp-- 48 ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ 41 hu əˈpoʊz ˌɪmˈpiʧmənt. ənd əˈməŋ ˈpipəl hu səˈpɔrtɪd ˈhɪləri læst jɪr, 81 wɔnt tɪ ˌɪmˈpiʧ trəmp. bət nɑt ˈlidər pɛˈloʊsi, hu wəns, ɛz ˈspikər, tʊk ˌɪmˈpiʧmənt "ɔf ðə ˈteɪbəl" ɪn rɪˈgɑrd tɪ bʊʃ. rɪˈmɛmbər? ɪn rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ˌɪmˈpiʧɪŋ trəmp: "ðeɪ [hər ˈkɔkəs] noʊ aɪ doʊnt səbˈskraɪb tɪ ðət... wi oʊ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl səm stəˈbɪlɪti ɪn ɔl əv ðɪs. ðɪs ɪz ðə taɪm hiz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ˈhævɪŋ hɪz ˈhəniˌmun." hər ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv trəmp simz tɪ bi ðət hiz "sˈlɑpi." ˈsɛkənd kˈwɛʃən ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn sɛt əp-- mɔr ˈputɪn kræp. ðɪs wɑz soʊ ˈɑbviəsli əˈbaʊt ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˌɪnfoʊˈteɪnmənt ˈrəðər ðən əˈbaʊt wət ˈpipəl ər ˈæskɪŋ ɪn taʊn hɔlz. ˈfaɪnəli-- 30 ˈmɪnəts ɪn-- ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt ə weɪ tɪ brɪŋ əp hɛlθ kɛr baɪ ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ ə oʊld ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənt, ən ˈɔrfən frəm ˈɑrkənˌsɑ hu hæd ˈgɪvɪn tɑm ˈkɑtən ə rəf taɪm æt hɪz taʊn hɔl ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr. ʃiz həz ə ˈhɔrəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈpərsɪnəl hɛlθ ˈstɔri ənd filz ðət ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt ɪz ɔl ðət stændz bɪtˈwin hər ənd ˈsərtən dɛθ. hər kˈwɛʃən, prɪˈsaɪsli, wɑz "wət wɪl ju du tɪ ˌɪnˈspaɪr loʊər ɪkˈspɛnsɪz, nɑt haɪər, wɪθ ðə seɪm ər ˈbɛtər ˈbɛnəfɪts, rəˈgɑrdləs əv eɪʤ, ˈɪnˌkəm ər ˈpriɪgˈzɪstɪŋ kənˈdɪʃən, ənd səˈsteɪnɪŋ ˈmɛdəˌkɛr ənd ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ɪkˈspænʧən... wət wɪl ju du, ˈkɑŋgrəsˌwʊmən, tɪ seɪv maɪ laɪf ənd ðə lɪvz əv əˈmɛrɪkənz laɪk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf?" ˈfaɪnəli ðə kaɪnd əv kˈwɛʃən ril ˈpipəl-- ˈrəðər ðən ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn hoʊsts-- ˈæˌkʧuəli wɔnt tɪ gɪt səm ˈænsərz tɪ! ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ʤɑn ˈkɑnjərz' bɪl ʤəmpt tɪ 110 ɔl əv ðɛm ˈdɛməˌkræts-- wɪn saɪrz (nj*) ənd tɛd dɔɪʧ (fl*) saɪnd ɔn. pɛˈloʊsi ɪz wən əv ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli sˈmɔlər ˈnəmbər əv ˈdɛməˌkræts hu əˈpoʊzɪz ˈsɪŋgəl peɪər. ɔl ʃi kʊd tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪz dɪˈfitɪŋ ənd dɪd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ muv ðə bɔl ˈfɔrwərd ər ˈprɛzənt ə prəˈgrɛsɪv ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈvɪʒən ər ˈprɛzənt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət meɪks ðə ˈvɛri flɔd əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt ˈɛni ˈbɛtər (i.e*.- ˈsɪŋgəl peɪər). ʃi rɪˈpitɪd ɔl ðə ˈtɔkɪŋ pɔɪnts-- ɔl tru-- əˈbaʊt wəts rɔŋ wɪθ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən əˈproʊʧ, haʊ ɪts ə "dɛθ ˈpænəl bɪl" ənd ə "tæks bɪl dɪsˈgaɪzd ɛz ə ˈhɛlθˌkɛr bɪl." ʃiz raɪt bət wət əˈbaʊt ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv, ðə weɪ ˈkɑnjərz həz ər ðə weɪ ˈbərni həz ˈmeɪbi ʃi ʃʊd stɑrt ˈtɔkɪŋ laɪk ðɪs:

i bet if pelosi held her town hall back in her san francisco district instead of on a cnn set with chris cuomo, it would have been a very different event. i suspect she would have faced a similar response from activists that other members of congress have gotten from their constituents. first of all, all cuomo's questions about the day's trump infotainment crap would not have dominated an opportunity to find out what pelosi stands for and where she wants to take her party and our country. sixteen minutes in and they were still jibber-jabbering about the details of trump's revelations to the russian spies-- great for breathless cnn coverage but mostly a waste of time in terms of what pelosi's constituents-- both in san francisco and even nationally-- are really interested in. yes, "loose lips can sink ships," thank you nancy and chris. washington post assertions about trump's oafish behavior with putin. she didn't say anything wrong, but cuomo used her as a news commentator on the popping news story of the day. she should have known better and steered towards a positive message. even the first message cuomo pre-arranged, was more of this trump/russia stuff. and then cuomo brought up impeachment-- specifically if she's trying to get out a message that inspires midterm voters, she failed by using a third of her time to talk about theassertions about trump's oafish behavior with putin. she didn't say anything wrong, but cuomo used her as a news commentator on the popping news story of the day. she should have known better and steered towards a positive message. even the first message cuomo pre-arranged, was more of this trump/russia stuff. and then cuomo brought up impeachment-- specifically rep. al green's call the other day to start the process. according to new polling a plurality of americans now want to impeach trump-- 48%, as opposed to 41% who oppose impeachment. and among people who supported hillary last year, 81% want to impeach trump. but not leader pelosi, who once, as speaker, took impeachment "off the table" in regard to bush. remember? in regard to impeaching trump: "they [her caucus] know i don't subscribe to that... we owe the american people some stability in all of this. this is the time he's supposed to be having his honeymoon." her criticism of trump seems to be that he's "sloppy." second question cnn set up-- more putin crap. this was so obviously about cnn infotainment rather than about what people are asking in town halls. finally-- 30 minutes in-- cnn managed to figure out a way to bring up health care by inviting a 26-year old college student, an orphan from arkansas who had given tom cotten a rough time at his town hall earlier this year. she's has a horrifying personal health story and feels that the affordable care act is all that stands between her and certain death. her question, precisely, was "what will you do to inspire lower out-of-pocket expenses, not higher, with the same or better benefits, regardless of age, income or preexisting condition, and sustaining medicare and medicaid expansion... what will you do, congresswoman, to save my life and the lives of americans like myself?" finally the kind of question real people-- rather than cnn hosts-- actually want to get some answers to! yesterday the number of congressmembers co-sponsoring john conyers' medicare-for-all bill jumped to 110-- all of them democrats-- when albio sires (nj) and ted deutch (fl) signed on. pelosi is one of the increasingly smaller number of democrats who opposes single payer. all she could talk about is defeating trumpcare and did nothing to move the ball forward or present a progressive alternative vision or present anything that makes the very flawed affordable care act any better (i.e.- single payer). she repeated all the talking points-- all true-- about what's wrong with the republican approach, how it's a "death panel bill" and a "tax bill disguised as a healthcare bill." she's right but what about giving us an alternative, the way conyers has or the way bernie has ? maybe she should start talking like this:

baɪ kæst noʊ ɔl ðə ˈænsərz tɪ ðə ˌəˈnænsərəbəl. ðeɪ ˌrikˈwaɪər ðət ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl ˈfæsət əv ðɛr feɪθ bi ˌæbsəˈlutli ““true;”*;” ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈnəθɪŋ ˈdəbəlju. ˈteɪlər, aɪ ain’t*, nɔr ˈniðər aɪ hæv bɪn ˈrɛdɪŋ maɪ weɪ θru ˈdəzənz əv ˈnɑvəlz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf əv ðə ˈnaɪnˈtinθ ˈsɛnʧəri. ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət aɪ kʊd nɑt hæv dən ˈivɪn tɛn jɪrz əˈgoʊ wɪˈθaʊt flaɪɪŋ ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəntri ənd ˈhæŋɪŋ aʊt ɪn rumz wɛr ju hæv tɪ wɛr ˈleɪˌtɛks gləvz ənd ə sut tɪ təʧ ə bʊk. bət ðɛn ˈgugəl ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈdɪʤəˌtaɪz ðət ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə wərld noʊ ˈlɔŋgər prəˈtɛktɪd baɪ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt, ənd naʊ ɪt ɪz ɛz ˈizi ɛz ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ ˈivɪn ˈstɑrtɪd ˈrɛdɪŋ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ nu ɪgˈzæktli wət aɪ wʊd faɪnd: ə ˈsɛˌspul ˈvɪrələnt ɪn ðə veɪn əv ə ˈstədi ɪn ˈskɑrlət ənd ˈraɪdərz əv ðə ˈpərpəl seɪʤ. aɪ nu ðɪs bɪˈkəz əv ɔl əv ðə sˈmɑrtər ənd ˈskɑlərz hu hæv gɔn ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəntri tɪ rɛd ðiz laɪk ˈlɛnərd ˈɛrɪŋtən ənd mi soʊ, wɪθ ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˌbɪbliˈɑgrəfiz ənd lɔŋ lɪsts ˈdɑkjəmənɪŋ ðə əv ˈprɪti məʧ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt ˈmɔrmənz əp ənˈtɪl ˈændərsən ˈpəblɪʃt ˈædɪd əˈpɑn. soʊ ðə θɪŋ: ʤɪst nɑt tru. ə lɔt əv ðiz bʊks ““anti-mormon”*” æt list nɑt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈɛni ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən ðət aɪ wʊd kənˈsɪdər ˈræʃənəl. səm əv ðɛm ˈvɪgərəsli dɪˈfɛnd ðə seɪnts əˈgɛnst ðɛr məˈzʊri ənd ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ˈpərsəˌkjutərz. ˈəðərz juz ˈmɔrmən ˈkɛrɪktərz ɛz ˈhɪroʊz ər sɛt ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ roʊˈmæntɪk ər ədˈvɛnʧər ˈstɔriz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈbækˌdrɑp əv ˈmɔrmən pəˈlɪgəˌmi. ənd ˈnɪrli ɔl əv ðə səˈtɪrɪkəl wərks (ˈɑrtəməs wɔrd, mɑrk tweɪn, mæks adeler*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) ər mɔr əˈfɛkʃənət ðən ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri. əv kɔrs, nən əv ðiz ˈɔθərz bɪˈlivd ðət ˈʤoʊzəf smɪθ wɑz ˈrɪli ə ˈprɑfət, ər ðət ðə bʊk əv ˈmɔrmən ɪz ən ˈækʧəwəl ˈrɛkərd əv ˈeɪnʧənt ˈpipəl. ðeɪ ər nɑt bʊks ˈæftər ɔl. bət ðə ˈproʊmɪskwəs juz əv tərmz laɪk ““anti-mormon”*” meɪks ɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈlɪtərəʧər ðət ˈrɪli wɑz ˈvɪʃəs, stəf ðət wɑz juzd tɪ reɪz mɑbz ɪn ənd ˈɑrmiz ə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˈleɪtər. baɪ ˈləmpɪŋ ðɪs stəf ɪn wɪθ bʊks ðət ˈsɪmpli dɪsəˈgri wɪθ ˈmɔrmən hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ənd ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkəl kleɪmz, wi ɛnd əp ˈmɪnəˌmaɪzɪŋ ril baɪ ˌɪnˈfleɪtɪŋ ɑr ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ənd ˈpreɪzɪŋ wɪθ feɪnt dæmˈneɪʃən wət wi noʊ ˈlɔŋgər hæv ðə voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri tɪ kənˈdɛm ˈprɑpərli. ðɪs seɪm sɔrt əv θɪŋ ˈhæpənz ɪn ˈəðər ˈvɛnuz tu, səm əv ðɛm məʧ lɛs ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ðən ðə əbˈskjʊr əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfɪkʃən ðət aɪ ˈstədi prəˈfɛʃənəli. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪn ðə pæst fju mənθs aɪ hæv ˈwɪtnəst ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz, ɪn ˈpərsən ənd ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ɪn wɪʧ ðə tərm ““anti-mormon”*” wɑz juzd tɪ dɪˈskraɪb 1 ən ˈɛˌseɪ ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈpipəl məst mit ə haɪ ˈbərdən əv pruf wɪn ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðə raɪt tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn dɪˈskrɪmənəˌtɔri ˈpræktɪsɪz; 2 ə mˈjuzɪkəl ðət əˈfɛkʃənətli ˈsætərˌaɪzɪz ˈmɔrmən ˈmɪʃəˌnɛriz; ənd 3 ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn ðə bʊk əv ˈmɔrmən, ˈrɪtən baɪ ə ˈskɑlər, ðət feɪlz tɪ əˈfərm ɪts ənd ɪts prəˈfɛtɪk ˈprɑvənəns. iʧ əv ðiz ˌkɛrɪktərɪˈzeɪʃənz wi faɪnd ðə ˈtæsɪt əˈsəmpʃən ðət ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət dɪz nɑt əˈdɑpt ðə ˈhaɪli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd əˈʤɛndə ʃʊd bi dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz ““anti-mormon”*” ənd ˈəðər fɔrmz əv ˈprɛʤədɪs ər ˈsəmθɪŋ bɪɔnd ðə peɪl əv ˈsɪvəˌlaɪzd ˈdɪskɔrs. wɪn wi kɔl ˈsəmθɪŋ ““anti-mormon,”*,” wi əˈkjuz ə ˈspikər ər ˈraɪtər əv ˈbɪgətri, əv ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ə grup əv ˈpipəl ˈsoʊəli ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðɛr rɪˈlɪʤəs aɪˈdɛntəˌti. ɑr ˈkəlʧər ˈraɪtli kənˈdɛmz ðoʊz hu ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn heɪt spiʧ, bət ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈluzɪz wɪn wi kənfˈjuz ˌɪˈræʃənəl ˈheɪtrəd wɪθ ˈsɪmpəl dɪsəˈgrimənt. ðɪs ɪz waɪ ˈsɛnsəbəl ˈpipəl kəmˈpɛr ə lɔt əv stəf tɪ ˈhɪtlər. ˈsɪmələrli, ðɛr ər ˈsɛvərəl ˈrɪli gʊd ˈrizənz nɑt tɪ pleɪ ðə kɑrd ˈɛvəri taɪm ðət ˈsəmˌbɑdi dɪsəˈgriz wɪθ ðə pəˈzɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs, ɪt ɪz ən ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəli ˈleɪzi θɪŋ tɪ du. ɪt ˈsəbstəˌtuts ən ˈæʤɪktɪv fər ən ˈɑrgjəmənt ənd əˈvɔɪdz ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti əv ˈæˌkʧuəli rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ θɪŋz. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ɪt ʃrɪŋks ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti speɪs əv ləˈʤɪtəmət dɪˈskəʃən baɪ ˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈɛvriˌbɑdi hu ˌɪnərˈækts wɪθ ˈmɔrmənɪzəm ɪn ˈɛni ˈvɛnju tɪ ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ wən əv tu ˈæbsəˌlut rɪˈtɔrɪkəl ˈkætəˌgɔriz kɔld ““pro-mormon”*” ənd ““anti-mormon.”*.” ənd ðɛn ðɛr ɪz ðə fækt ðət ɪt meɪks ˈjuˈɛs lʊk laɪk ə ˈpɛrəˌnɔɪd wæk ʤɑbz. bət ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈrizən tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr fɔls daɪˈkɑtəmi ɪz ðət ðɛr ˈrɪli ɪz səʧ ə θɪŋ ɛz ɪn ðə wərld. ðɛr ər ˈpipəl hu bɪˈliv ðət ˈmɔrmənɪzəm ɪz ə dɪˈstrəktɪv kəlt ðət məst bi əˈpoʊzd wɪθ ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl fɔrs. ðɛr ər ˈfɔrsɪz ðət wʊd əˈtæk ðə ˈligəl ˈstændɪŋ ɪn səm ˈkəntriz ənd əˈtɛmpt tɪ dɪˈpraɪv ɪts æˈdhɪrənts əv ðɛr ˈsɪvəl raɪts. ðɛr ər ˈskuˌljɑrd ˈbʊliz hu pɪk ɔn ˈmɔrmən kɪdz fər spɔrt ənd ðɛn groʊ əp tɪ bi ˈlɔjərz ənd ˈgəvərnərz əv ˈsəðərn steɪts. ənd ðɛr ɪz stɪl, ɪn səm ˈkɔrnərz əv ðə ərθ, ə rəˈflɛksɪv ˈheɪtrəd fər ɔl θɪŋz ˈmɔrmənz ðət ɪz nɑt ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɛz ə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ər ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪsəˈgrimənt. ˈsikɪŋ θru aʊˈtlændɪʃ haɪˈpərbəˌli ɪz ɔl kaɪnz əv fən ənˈtɪl ˈsəmˌbɑdi gɪts hərt. bət ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðɛr ˈrɪli ɪz ɪn ðə wərld, seɪnts wɪl du wɛl tɪ prɪˈzərv ðə kənˈsɪdərəbəl rɪˈtɔrɪkəl fɔrs əv ðə tərm fər θɪŋz ðət ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli əˈplaɪz tɪ. wɪn wi pleɪ ðə kɑrd tu ˈɔfən ər tu kˈwɪkli, ər dil ɪt frəm ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə dɛk, wi dəˈbeɪs ðə ˈkərənsi əv ɑr ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ənd ɪkˈspɛnd ɑr ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ənˈwaɪzli ɔn θɪŋz laɪk nʊˈrɑtɪk ˈsɪŋɪŋ ˈmɪʃəˌnɛriz ənd ˈskɑlərz huz vjuz əv ðə bʊk əv ˈmɔrmən du nɑt kwaɪt mæʧ ɑr oʊn.

by “the cast iron-rodders know all the answers to the unanswerable. they require that every single facet of their faith be absolutely “true;” otherwise nothing is.”–samuel w. taylor, aunty-mormon i ain’t, nor ante-mormon neither i have been reading my way through dozens of anti-mormon novels published in the second half of the nineteenth century. this is something that i could not have done even ten years ago without flying all over the country and hanging out in special-collections rooms where you have to wear latex gloves and a hazmat suit to touch a book. but then google decided to digitize that portion of the world no longer protected by copyright, and now it is as easy as watching tv. before i even started reading, however, i knew exactly what i would find: a half-century-long cesspool virulent anti-mormonism in the vein of a study in scarlet and riders of the purple sage. i knew this because of all of the smarter and better-funded scholars who have gone all over the country to read these books—people like leonard arrington and terryl givens—told me so, with extensive bibliographies and long lists documenting the cesspoolishness of pretty much everything written about mormons up until nephi anderson published added upon. so here’s the thing: it’s just not true. a lot of these books aren’t “anti-mormon” at all–at least not according to any definition that i would consider rational. some of them vigorously defend the saints against their missouri and illinois persecutors. others use mormon characters as heroes or set interesting romantic or adventure stories against the backdrop of mormon polygamy. and nearly all of the satirical works (artemus ward, mark twain, max adeler, etc.) are more affectionate than inflammatory. of course, none of these authors believed that joseph smith was really a prophet, or that the book of mormon is an actual record of ancient people. they are not pro-mormon books after all. but the promiscuous use of terms like “anti-mormon” makes it difficult to talk about the literature that really was anti-mormon—the vicious, mean-spirited stuff that was used to raise mobs in nauvoo and armies a generation later. by lumping this stuff in with books that simply disagree with mormon historical and theological claims, we end up minimizing real anti-mormonism by inflating our outrage and praising with faint damnation what we no longer have the vocabulary to condemn properly. this same sort of thing happens in other venues too, some of them much less specialized than the obscure post-bellum american fiction that i study professionally. for example, in the past few months i have witnessed conversations, in person and online, in which the term “anti-mormon” was used to describe 1) an op-ed essay arguing that religious people must meet a high burden of proof when claiming the right to engage in discriminatory practices; 2) a musical that affectionately satirizes mormon missionaries; and 3) an article on the book of mormon, written by a non-mormon scholar, that fails to affirm its historicity and its prophetic provenance. each of these characterizations we find the tacit assumption that anything that does not adopt the lds church’s highly correlated agenda should be defined as “anti-mormon” and dismissed—as other forms of prejudice are dismissed—as something beyond the pale of civilized discourse. when we call something “anti-mormon,” we accuse a speaker or writer of bigotry, of targeting a group of people solely on the basis of their religious identity. our culture rightly condemns those who engage in hate speech, but everybody eventually loses when we confuse irrational hatred with simple disagreement. this is why sensible people don’t compare a lot of stuff to hitler. similarly, there are several really good reasons not to play the anti-mormon card every time that somebody disagrees with the church’s position about anything. in the first place, it is an intellectually lazy thing to do. it substitutes an adjective for an argument and avoids the responsibility of actually responding to things. furthermore, it shrinks the possibility space of legitimate discussion by forcing everybody who interacts with mormonism in any venue to occupy one of two absolute rhetorical categories called “pro-mormon” and “anti-mormon.” and then there is the fact that it makes us look like a paranoid wack jobs. but the most important reason to avoid this particular false dichotomy is that there really is such a thing as anti-mormonism in the world. there are people who believe that mormonism is a destructive cult that must be opposed with physical and institutional force. there are forces that would attack the church’s legal standing in some countries and attempt to deprive its adherents of their civil rights. there are schoolyard bullies who pick on mormon kids for sport and then grow up to be lawyers and governors of southern states. and there is still, in some corners of the earth, a reflexive hatred for all things mormons that is not the same thing as a historical or theological disagreement. victim-status seeking through outlandish hyperbole is all kinds of fun until somebody gets hurt. but as long as there really is anti-mormonism in the world, latter-day saints will do well to preserve the considerable rhetorical force of the term for things that it actually applies to. when we play the anti-mormon card too often or too quickly, or deal it from the bottom of the deck, we debase the currency of our language and expend our outrage unwisely on things like neurotic singing missionaries and scholars whose views of the book of mormon do not quite match our own.

ɪt maɪt nɑt sim laɪk ɪt, bət ɛr həz weɪt. ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wɪθ mæs həz weɪt, ənd wi noʊ ɛr həz mæs bɪˈkəz (fər ɪgˈzæmpəl) wi kən fil ɪt wɪn ðə wɪnd bloʊz. ðə ˈtoʊtəl weɪt əv ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr ɪgˈzərts ə ˈprɛʃər əv əˈbaʊt paʊnz pər skwɛr ɪnʧ æt si ˈlɛvəl. ju doʊnt ˈnoʊtɪs ðɪs weɪt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, bɪˈkəz ju ər juzd tɪ ɪt. ɪf ju lɪv ɪn ˈdɛnvər, ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ, wɪʧ ɪz æt ən ˌɛləˈveɪʃən əv əˈbaʊt fit, ðɛn əˈbaʊt 85 əv ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr ɪz əˈbəv ju, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ən ɛr ˈprɛʃər əv əˈbaʊt paʊnz pər skwɛr ɪnʧ. æt ðə tɔp əv maʊnt ˈɛvərəst (ˈoʊvər fit), ˈoʊnli 30 əv ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr laɪz əˈbəv ju, ˈlivɪŋ ən ɛr ˈprɛʃər əv ˈoʊnli paʊnz pər skwɛr ɪnʧ. səm ˈpipəl θɪŋk ɛr dɪz nɑt hæv weɪt sɪns ə ˈpɑrsəl əv ɛr (seɪ, ɛr ɪn ə θɪn, ˈlaɪtˈweɪt bəˈlun) ʤɪst 'floʊts' əraʊnd. ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz ðə ˈpɑrsəl əv ɛr ɪz ɛmˈbɛdɪd ɪn sərˈaʊndɪŋ ɛr ðət həz ðə seɪm ˈdɛnsɪti (mæs pər ˈjunɪt ˈvɑljum). bət ˌɪˈmæʤən ðət wi riˈmuv ðət ˈpɑrsəl əv ɛr frəm ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr wʊd ðɛn weɪ ˈvɛri sˈlaɪtli lɛs. ɪf wi kʊd prɪˈsaɪsli ˈmɛʒər ðə ˌbærəˈmɛtrɪk ˈprɛʃər ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɔn ðə ˈsərfəs əv ðə ərθ, wi wʊd si ə ˈvɛri ˈtaɪni ˈdiˌkris ɪn ðə weɪt əv ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr (ðə ˌbærəˈmɛtrɪk ˈprɛʃər). ɪf wi kʊd riˈmuv 50 əv ðə mæs əv ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr, ðə ˌbærəˈmɛtrɪk ˈprɛʃər æt ðə ərθs ˈsərfəs wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi rɪˈdust baɪ 50

it might not seem like it, but air has weight. anything with mass has weight, and we know air has mass because (for example) we can feel it when the wind blows. the total weight of the atmosphere exerts a pressure of about 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level. you don't notice this weight, however, because you are used to it. if you live in denver, colorado, which is at an elevation of about 5,000 feet, then about 85% of the atmosphere is above you, resulting in an air pressure of about 12.5 pounds per square inch. at the top of mount everest (over 29,000 feet), only 30% of the atmosphere lies above you, leaving an air pressure of only 4.4 pounds per square inch. some people think air does not have weight since a parcel of air (say, air in a thin, lightweight balloon) just 'floats' around. this is because the parcel of air is embedded in surrounding air that has the same density (mass per unit volume). but imagine that we remove that parcel of air from the atmosphere...the atmosphere would then weigh very slightly less. if we could precisely measure the barometric pressure everywhere on the surface of the earth, we would see a very tiny decrease in the weight of the atmosphere (the barometric pressure). if we could remove 50% of the mass of the atmosphere, the global-average barometric pressure at the earth's surface would also be reduced by 50%.

ˈklɛmənt lɛrd 1 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 29 1820 ʤun 17 1871 wɑz ən oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən ənd ˈlidər əv ðə ˈkɑpərˌhɛd ˈfækʃən əv ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪvəl wɔr. hi sərvd tu tərmz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz. ɪn 1863 hi wɑz kənˈvɪktəd æt ən ˈɑrmi kɔrt ˈmɑrʃəl əv əˈpoʊzɪŋ ðə wɔr, ənd ˈɛkˌsaɪld tɪ ðə kənˈfɛdərəsi. hi ræn fər ˈgəvərnər əv oʊˈhaɪoʊ ɪn 1863 frəm ˈɛkˌsaɪl ɪn ˈkænədə, bət wɑz dɪˈfitɪd. ˈərli laɪf ˈɛdət ˈklɛmənt lɛrd wɑz bɔrn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 29 1820 ɪn nu ˈlɪzbən, oʊˈhaɪoʊ (naʊ ˈlɪzbən, oʊˈhaɪoʊ), tɪ ˈklɛmənt ənd rəˈbɛkə lɛrd. hɪz ˈfɑðər, ə ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪriən ˈmɪnɪstər, ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd hɪz sən æt ɪn 1841 hæd ə dɪˈspjut wɪθ ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈprɛzɪdənt æt ˈʤɛfərsən ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn canonsburg*, ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə. hi wɑz ˈɑnərəbli dɪsˈmɪst, bət hi ˈnɛvər rɪˈsivd ə dɪˈgri. ˈɛdwɪn ɛm. ˈstæntən, ðə fˈjuʧər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv wɔr ˈəndər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈlɪŋkən, wɑz kloʊz frɛnd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr. ˈstæntən lɛnt 500 fər ə lɔ kɔrs ənd tɪ bɪˈgɪn hɪz oʊn boʊθ ənd ˈstæntən wər ˈdɛməˌkræts, bət ðeɪ hɛld əˈpoʊzɪŋ vjuz ɔn sˈleɪvəri. ˈstæntən wɑz ən ˌæbəˈlɪʃənəst ən anti-abolitionist*. pəˈlɪtɪkəl kərɪr ˈɛdət oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər ˈɛdət ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ ˈpræktɪs lɔ ɪn ˈdeɪtən, ˈɛnərd ˈpɑləˌtɪks. hi wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd ɛz ə ˈdɛməˌkræt tɪ ðə oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər ɪn 1845 ənd 1846 ənd sərvd ɛz ˈɛdɪtər əv ə ˈwikli ˈnuzˌpeɪpər, ðə ˈdeɪtən ˈɛmpaɪər, frəm 1847 ənˈtɪl 1849 waɪl ɪn ðə oʊˈhaɪoʊ steɪt ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər, ˈvoʊtɪd əˈgɛnst ðə rɪˈpil əv ðə "blæk lɔz" (lɔz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈsɪvəl raɪts əv ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkənz), bət hi dɪd wɔnt ðə kˈwɛʃən pʊt tɪ ə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm baɪ ðə ˈvoʊtərz. ɪn 1851 sɔt ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən tɪ bi oʊˈhaɪoʊz luˈtɛnənt ˈgəvərnər, bət ðə ˈpɑrti dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈnɑməˌneɪt haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ˈɛdət ræn fər ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪn 1856 bət hi wɑz ˈnɛroʊli dɪˈfitɪd. hi əˈpild tɪ ðə kəˈmɪti əv ɪˈlɛkʃənz əv ðə haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz, ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðət ˌɪˈligəl voʊts hæd bɪn kæst. ðə haʊs ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli əˈgrid, ənd wɑz ˈsitɪd ɔn ðə nɛkst tɪ læst deɪ əv ðə tərm. ðə dɪˈleɪ wɑz du tɪ "ðə dɪˈvɪʒən wɪʧ hæd ərˈɪzən ɪn ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti əˈpɑn ðə kˈwɛʃən." hi wɑz riɪˈlɛktɪd baɪ ə smɔl ˈmɑrʤən ɪn 1858 ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 1859 ˈrædɪkəl ˌæbəˈlɪʃənəst ʤɑn braʊn ˈreɪdɪd ˈhɑrpərz ˈfɛri, vərˈʤɪnjə, ˈsizɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi ˈɑrsənəl. wɑz ˈmɛmbər əv ə grup əv ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz hu ˌɪnˈtɛrəˌgeɪtɪd ðə ˈkæpʧərd braʊn ɛz tɪ hɪz eɪmz, wɪʧ braʊn ˈsteɪtɪd wər ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ sɛt ɔf ə rɪˈbɛljən əv sleɪvz tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ə ˈvɪgərəs səˈpɔrtər əv ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl steɪts' hi bɪˈlivd ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt hæd noʊ paʊər tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ˈɛni ˈligəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, wɪʧ sˈleɪvəri æt ðə taɪm wɑz. hi ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈlivd ðə steɪts hæd ən ˌɪmˈplaɪd raɪt tɪ sɪˈsid ənd ðət, ˈligəli, ðə kənˈfɛdərəsi kʊd nɑt ˌmɪləˈtɛrəli bi ˈkɑŋkərd. wɑz ə bɪˈlivər ɪn loʊ ˈtɛrəfs ənd ðət sˈleɪvəri wɑz ə ˈmætər fər iʧ steɪt tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈɛnsuɪŋ wɔr, hi wʊd bɪˈkəm wən əv ˈlɪŋkənz moʊst ˈaʊtˈspoʊkən hi wɑz tɪ ðə haʊs ɪn 1860 ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 1860 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn, hi səˈpɔrtɪd ˈstivən ə. ˈdəgləs, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi dɪsəˈgrid wɪθ ˈdəgləsɪz pəˈzɪʃən ɔn "skˈwɑtər ˈsɑvrənti", wɪʧ wɑz juzd baɪ dɪˈtræktərz tɪ dɪˈskraɪb ˈpɑpjələr ˈsɑvrənti. ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 20 1861 dɪˈlɪvərd ə spiʧ ˈtaɪtəld "ðə greɪt əˈmɛrɪkən ˌrɛvəˈluʃən" tɪ ðə haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz. hi əˈkjuzd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti əv biɪŋ "bəˈlɪʤərənt" ənd ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd ə "ʧɔɪs əv ˈpisəbəl dɪsˈjunjən əˈpɑn ðə wən hænd, ər ˈjunjən θru əˈʤəstmənt ənd kənˌsɪliˈeɪʃən əˈpɑn ðə ˈəðər." səˈpɔrtɪd ðə krɪˈtɛndən ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz, wɪʧ wɑz ə læst ˈmɪnət ˈɛfərt tɪ əˈvərt ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr. hi bleɪmd ənd ˈsɛnəmənt fər ðə sɪˈsɛʃən ˈkraɪsəs. prəˈpoʊzd ə ˈsɪriz əv əˈmɛndmənts tɪ ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wʊd bi dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntu fɔr ˈsɛkʃənz: nɔrθ, saʊθ, wɛst, ənd pəˈsɪfɪk. ðə fɔr ˈsɛkʃənz wʊd iʧ hæv ðə paʊər ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt tɪ ˈviˌtoʊ ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. ðə ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkɑlɪʤ wʊd bi ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd, wɪθ ðə tərm əv ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ˈvaɪˈsprɛzədənt ˌɪnˈkrist tɪ sɪks jɪrz ənd ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ wən tərm ənˈlɛs ˌtuˈθərdz əv ðə ɪˈlɛktərz əˈgrid. sɪˈsɛʃən baɪ ə steɪt kʊd ˈoʊnli bi əˈgrid tɪ ɪf ðə ˈlɛʤɪsˌleɪʧərz əv ðə ˈsɛkʃənz əˈpruvd ɪt. ˈmuvɪŋ bɪtˈwin ðə ˈsɛkʃənz wɑz ə ˌgɛrənˈtid ˈstrɔŋli əˈpoʊzd ˈɛvəri ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri bɪl, ˈlidɪŋ hɪz əˈpoʊnənts tɪ ʧɑrʤ ðət hi ˈwɔntɪd ðə kənˈfɛdərəsi tɪ wɪn ðə wɔr. hi bɪˈkeɪm ðə ækˈnɑlɪʤd ˈlidər əv ðə ˈkɑpərˌhɛdz, ənd ɪn ən ˈæˌdrɛs ɔn meɪ 8 1862 hi kɔɪnd ðɛr sˈloʊgən: "tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən ɛz ɪt ɪz, ənd tɪ rɪˈstɔr ðə ˈjunjən ɛz ɪt wɑz." ɪt wɑz ɛnˈdɔrst baɪ ˈfɪfˈtin ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkɑŋgrəsmɪn. lɔst hɪz bɪd fər ə θərd fʊl tərm ɪn 1862 baɪ ə ˈrɛlətɪvli lɑrʤ voʊt, wɪʧ lɔs mɛnt hi wʊd bi aʊt əv ˈɔfəs ˈərli ɪn 1863 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hɪz lɔs wɑz æt list ˈpɑrʃəli du tɪ riˈdɪstrɪktɪŋ hɪz kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈdɪstrɪkt. dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs lɔs, səm stɪl kənˈsɪdərd ɪm tɪ bi ə fˈjuʧər ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɛz ə leɪm dək ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv, dɪˈlɪvərd ə spiʧ ɪn ðə haʊs ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 14 1863 ɛnˈtaɪtəld "ðə constitution-peace-reunion*". ɪn ɪt, hi ˈsteɪtɪd hɪz ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˌæbəˈlɪʃəˌnɪzəm frəm ðə "bɪˈgɪnɪŋ". hi dɪˈnaʊnst ˈlɪŋkənz vaɪəˈleɪʃənz əv ˈsɪvəl ˈlɪbərˌtiz, "wɪʧ hæv meɪd ðɪs ˈkəntri wən əv ðə wərst ɔn ərθ". ˈoʊpənli ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ˈlɪŋkənz prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ɪˌmænsəˈpeɪʃən ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃən, ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ðət "wɔr fər ðə ˈjunjən wɑz əˈbændənd; wɔr fər ðə ˈnigroʊ ˈoʊpənli ˈbeɪgən." hi ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈdɛmd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɪntərɪsts ðət wər ˈprɑfətɪŋ frəm ðə wɔr. "ənd lɛt nɑt wɔl strit, ər ˈɛni ˈəðər greɪt ˈɪntəˌrɛst, ˈmərkənˌtaɪl, ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ, ər kəˈmərʃəl, ˌɪˈmæʤən ðət ɪt ʃæl hæv paʊər ɪˈnəf ər wɛlθ ɪˈnəf tɪ stænd ɪn ðə weɪ əv riˈunjən θru pis." ˈædɪd, "dɪˈfit, dɛt, tækˈseɪʃən, sepulchers*, ðiz ər jʊr ˈtroʊfiz." spiʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə prəˈpoʊzəl tɪ ɛnd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈkɑnflɪkt. hi ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd ən ˈɑrməstəs ənd ðə diˌmoʊbələˈzeɪʃən əv ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈfɔrsɪz əv boʊθ ðə ˈjunjən ənd ækˈtɪvɪtiz ˈɛdət ˈæftər ˈʤɛnərəl ˈæmˌbroʊz i. ˈbərnˌsaɪd ˈɪʃud ˈʤɛnərəl ˈɔrdər ˈnəmbər 38 ˈwɔrnɪŋ ðət ðə "ˈhæbət əv dɪˈklɛrɪŋ ˈsɪmpəθiz fər ðə ˈɛnəmi" wʊd nɑt bi ˈtɑlərˌeɪtəd ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈdɪstrɪkt əv oʊˈhaɪoʊ, geɪv ə ˈmeɪʤər spiʧ ɔn meɪ 1 1863 hi ʧɑrʤd ðət ðə wɔr wɑz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər biɪŋ fɔt tɪ seɪv ðə ˈjunjən, bət ɪt hæd bɪˈkəm ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ fri ðə sleɪvz baɪ ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪŋ ðə ˈlɪbərˌti əv waɪt əˈmɛrɪkənz tɪ "kɪŋ ˈbərnˌsaɪd ˈɔlsoʊ səˈprɛst ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən əv ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ðə əˈθɔrəti fər ˈbərnˌsaɪdz ˈɔrdər keɪm frəm ə ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃən əv sɛpˈtɛmbər 24 1862 ɪn wɪʧ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈlɪŋkən səˈspɛndɪd ˈhæbiəs ˈkɔrpəs ənd meɪd dɪˈskərɪʤɪŋ enlistments*, dræfts, ər ˈɛni ˈəðər "dɪsˈlɔɪəl" ˈpræktɪsɪz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈmɑrʃəl lɔ ənd traɪəl baɪ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ərˈɛst ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri traɪəl ˈɛdət ərˈɛst, 1863 ɔn meɪ 5 1863 wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɛz ə ˈvaɪəˌleɪtər əv ˈʤɛnərəl ˈɔrdər ˈnəmbər 38 hɪz ɪnˈreɪʤd səˈpɔrtərz bərnd ðə ˈɔfəsɪz əv ðə ˈdeɪtən ˈʤərnəl, ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈraɪvəl tɪ ðə ˈɛmpaɪər. wɑz traɪd baɪ ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kɔrt ɔn meɪ 6 ənd 7 spiʧ æt maʊnt ˈvərnən, oʊˈhaɪoʊ, wɑz ˈsaɪtɪd ɛz ðə sɔrs əv ðə ərˈɛst. hi wɑz ʧɑrʤd baɪ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kəˈmɪʃən wɪθ "ˈpəblɪkli ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ, ɪn vaɪəˈleɪʃən əv ˈʤɛnərəl ˈɔrdərz noʊ. 38 frəm dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ðə oʊˈhaɪoʊ, ˈsɪmpəθi fər ðoʊz ɪn ɑrmz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ənd dɪˈklɛrɪŋ dɪsˈlɔɪəl ˈsɛnəmənts ənd əˈpɪnjənz, wɪθ ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ənd ˈpərpəs əv ˈwikənɪŋ ðə paʊər əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn ɪts ˈɛfərts tɪ səˈprɛs ən ənˈlɔfəl rɪˈbɛljən." ðə ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz əv ðə ʧɑrʤ əˈgɛnst wər: dɪˈklɛrɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzənt wɔr "ə ˈwɪkəd, kruəl, ənd ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri wɔr"; "ə wɔr nɑt biɪŋ weɪʤd fər ðə ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən əv ðə ˈjunjən"; "ə wɔr fər ðə ˈpərpəs əv ˈkrəʃɪŋ aʊt ˈlɪbərˌti ənd ɪˈrɛktɪŋ ə ˈdɛspəˌtɪzəm"; "ə wɔr fər ðə ˈfridəm əv ðə blæks ənd ðə ɛnsˈleɪvmənt əv ðə waɪts"; ˈsteɪtɪŋ "ðət ɪf ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən hæd soʊ wɪʃt, ðə wɔr kʊd hæv bɪn ˈɑnərəbli ˈtərməˌneɪtɪd mənθs əˈgoʊ"; ðət "pis maɪt hæv bɪn ˈɑnərəbli əbˈteɪnd baɪ ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ðə prəˈpoʊzd əv fræns"; ðət "ˌprɑpəˈzɪʃənz baɪ wɪʧ ðə ˈnɔrðərn steɪts kʊd bi wən bæk, ənd ðə saʊθ ˌgɛrənˈtid ðɛr raɪts ˈəndər ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən, hæd bɪn rɪˈʤɛktɪd ðə deɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə leɪt ˈbætəl əv ˈfrɛdərɪksbərg, baɪ ˈlɪŋkən ənd hɪz ˈmɪnjənz", ˈminɪŋ ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ənd ðoʊz ˈəndər ɪm ɪn əˈθɔrəti; ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ "ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɑz əˈbaʊt tɪ əˈpɔɪnt ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈmɑrʃəlz ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈdɪstrɪkt, tɪ riˈstreɪn ðə ˈpipəl əv ðɛr ˈlɪbərˌtiz, tɪ dɪˈpraɪv ðɛm əv ðɛr raɪts ənd ˈprɪvɪˌlɪʤɪz"; ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzɪŋ ˈʤɛnərəl ˈɔrdərz noʊ. 38 frəm ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ðə oʊˈhaɪoʊ, ɛz "ə beɪs ˌjusərˈpeɪʃən əv ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri əˈθɔrəti", ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ hɪz ˈhirərz tɪ rɪˈzɪst ðə seɪm, baɪ seɪɪŋ, "ðə ˈsunər ðə ˈpipəl ˌɪnˈfɔrm ðə ˈmɪnjənz əv ˌjuˈsərpt paʊər ðət ðeɪ wɪl nɑt səbˈmɪt tɪ səʧ riˈstrɪkʃənz əˈpɑn ðɛr ˈlɪbərˌtiz, ðə ˈbɛtər"; dɪˈklɛrɪŋ "ðət hi wɑz æt ɔl taɪmz, ənd əˈpɑn ɔl ɔˈkeɪʒənz, riˈzɑlvd tɪ du wət hi kʊd tɪ dɪˈfit ðə əˈtɛmpts naʊ biɪŋ meɪd tɪ bɪld əp ə ˈmɑnɑrki əˈpɑn ðə ruɪnz əv ɑr fri ˈgəvərnmənt"; əˈsərtɪŋ "ðət hi ˈfərmli bɪˈlivd, ɛz hi sɛd sɪks mənθs əˈgoʊ, ðət ðə mɛn ɪn paʊər ər əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə ˈdɛspəˌtɪzəm ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri, mɔr kruəl ənd mɔr əˈprɛsɪv ðən ˈɛvər ɪgˈzɪstəd ˌbiˈfɔr." ɔl əv wɪʧ əˈpɪnjənz ənd ˈsɛnəmənts hi wɛl nu dɪd eɪd, ˈkəmfərt, ənd ɪnˈkərəʤ ðoʊz ɪn ɑrmz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, ənd kʊd bət ˌɪnˈdus ɪn hɪz ˈhirərz ə dɪˈstrəst əv ðɛr oʊn ˈgəvərnmənt, ˈsɪmpəθi fər ðoʊz ɪn ɑrmz əˈgɛnst ɪt, ənd ə ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən tɪ rɪˈzɪst ðə lɔz əv ðə lænd. ðə pis prəˈpoʊzəl əv fræns wɑz tru; hæd bɪn rɪkˈwɛstɪd baɪ ˈhɔrɪs ˈgrili tɪ əˈsɪst ɪn ðə pis ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə traɪəl, ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni wɑz ˈgɪvɪn baɪ ˈjunjən ˈɑrmi ˈɔfɪsərz hu əˈtɛndəd ðə spiʧ ɪn səˈvɪljən kloʊðz, ðət kɔld ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt "kɪŋ ˈlɪŋkən". hi wɑz ˈsɛntənst tɪ kənˈfaɪnmənt ɪn ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈprɪzən "ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kənˈtɪnjuəns əv ðə wɔr" æt fɔrt ˈwɔrən ɪn ˌmæsəˈʧusəts. ɔn meɪ 11 1863 ən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən fər ə rɪt əv ˈhæbiəs ˈkɔrpəs wɑz faɪld ɪn ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt fər baɪ ˈfɔrmər oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˈsɛnətər ʤɔrʤ i. pju. ʤəʤ ˈhəmfri eɪʧ. ˈlɛvɪt əv ðə ˈsərkət kɔrt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts fər ðə ˈsəðərn ˈdɪstrɪkt əv oʊˈhaɪoʊ əˈphɛld ərˈɛst ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri traɪəl ɛz ə ˈvælɪd ˈɛksərˌsaɪz əv ðə ˈprɛzɪdənts wɔr paʊərz. ˈkɑŋgrəs hæd pæst ən ækt ˈɔθərˌaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt tɪ səˈspɛnd ˈhæbiəs ˈkɔrpəs ɔn mɑrʧ 3 ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi ənd ˈproʊˌtɛsts ɪnˈsud. ɔn meɪ 16 1863 ðɛr wɑz ə ˈmitɪŋ æt ˈɔlbəni, nu jɔrk, tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst ðə ərˈɛst əv. ə ˈlɛtər frəm ˈgəvərnər hərˈeɪʃoʊ ˈsimɔr əv nu jɔrk wɑz rɛd tɪ ðə kraʊd. ˈsimɔr ʧɑrʤd ðət "ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈdɛspəˌtɪzəm" hæd bɪn ɪˈstæblɪʃt. ˌrɛzəˈluʃənz baɪ ðə hɑn. ʤɑn vi. ɛl. wər əˈdɑptəd. ðə ˌrɛzəˈluʃənz wər sɛnt tɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈlɪŋkən baɪ ɪˈræstəs ˈkɔrnɪŋ. ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə ˈpəblɪk ˈlɛtər ˈɪʃud æt ðə ˈmitɪŋ əv ˈæŋgri ˈdɛməˌkræts ɪn ˈɔlbəni, ˈlɪŋkənz "ˈlɛtər tɪ ɪˈræstəs ˈkɔrnɪŋ ɛt æl." əv ʤun 12 1863 ɪkˈspleɪnz hɪz ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən fər səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə kənˈvɪkʃən. ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1864 ðə səˈprim kɔrt ruld ðət ɪt hæd noʊ paʊər tɪ ˈɪʃu ə rɪt əv ˈhæbiəs ˈkɔrpəs tɪ ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kəˈmɪʃən (ɛks ˈpɑrteɪ, 1 ˈwɔlɪs, 243 ɪkˈspəlʃən ˈɛdət ˈlɪŋkən, hu kənˈsɪdərd ə "ˈwaɪli ˈæʤəˌteɪtər", wɑz ˈwɛri əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪm ə ˈmɑrtər tɪ ðə ˈkɑpərˌhɛd kɔz ənd ɔn meɪ 19 1863 ˈɔrdərd ɪm sɛnt θru ðə ˈɛnəmi laɪnz tɪ ðə wɪn hi wɑz wɪˈθɪn kənˈfɛdərˌeɪt laɪnz, sɛd: "aɪ æm ə ˈsɪtɪzən əv oʊˈhaɪoʊ, ənd əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. aɪ æm hir wɪˈθɪn jʊr laɪnz baɪ fɔrs, ənd əˈgɛnst maɪ wɪl. aɪ ˈðɛrˌfɔr sərˈɛndər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf tɪ ju ɛz ə ˈprɪzənər əv wɔr." ɔn meɪ 30 1863 ə ˈmitɪŋ wɑz hɛld æt ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri pɑrk ɪn nuərk, nu ˈʤərzi, wɛr ə ˈlɛtər wɑz rɛd frəm nu ˈʤərzi ˈgəvərnər ʤoʊəl ˈpɑrkər. ˈpɑrkərz ˈlɛtər kənˈdɛmd ðə ərˈɛst, traɪəl ənd ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən əv, seɪɪŋ ðeɪ "wər ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri ənd ˌɪˈligəl ækts. ðə hoʊl prəˈsidɪŋ wɑz rɔŋ ɪn ˈprɪnsəpəl ənd ˈdeɪnʤərəs ɪn ɪts ˈtɛndənsi." ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈmitɪŋ wɑz ˈspɑrsli ðə nu jɔrk wərld ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ðə ˈmitɪŋ ɪn ˈɔlbəni. ˈbərnˌsaɪd səˈprɛst ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən əv ðə wərld. ɔn ʤun 1 1863 əˈnəðər ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈmitɪŋ wɑz hɛld ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə. ɔn ʤun 2 1863 wɑz sɛnt tɪ ˈwɪlmɪŋtən, nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə, baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdeɪvɪs ənd wɑz ˈbrifli pʊt ˈəndər gɑrd ɛz ən "ˈeɪliən ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈlɪŋkən roʊt ðə "ˈbərkərd ˈlɛtər" əv ʤun 29 1863 tɪ ˈsɛvərəl oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˈkɑŋgrəsmɪn, ˈɔfərɪŋ tɪ rɪˈvoʊk ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən ˈɔrdər ɪf ðeɪ wʊd əˈgri tɪ səˈpɔrt ˈsərtən ˈpɑləsiz əv ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ˈtrævəld tɪ ˈrɪʧmənd, vərˈʤɪnjə, wɛr hi mɛt wɪθ ˈrɑbərt, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈklæsˌmeɪt. hi ədˈvaɪzd ðət ðə kənˈfɛdərˌeɪt ˈɑrmi ʃʊd nɑt ˌɪnˈveɪd ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə, sɪns ɪt wʊd ˈjuˌnaɪt ðə nɔrθ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkɑpərˌhɛdz ɪn ðə 1864 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə ˈɛdɪtər əv ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz geɪv ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈvərʒən, seɪɪŋ ðət ɪnˈkərəʤd ðə ðɛn lɛft ðə kənˈfɛdərəsi ɔn ə ˌblɑˈkeɪd ˈrənər tɪ bərmˈjudə, ənd frəm ðɛr wɛnt tɪ hi naʊ dɪˈklɛrd hɪmˈsɛlf ə ˈkænədɪt fər ˈgəvərnər əv oʊˈhaɪoʊ, ənd ˈæˌkʧuəli wən ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən ɪn æbˈsɛnʃə. (ˈaʊˌtreɪʤd æt hɪz ˈtritmənt baɪ ˈlɪŋkən, oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˈdɛməˌkræts baɪ ə voʊt əv ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd fər æt ðɛr ʤun 11 kənˈvɛnʃən.) hi ˈmænɪʤd hɪz kæmˈpeɪn frəm ə hoʊˈtɛl ɪn ˈwɪnzər, ɑnˈtɛrioʊ, wɛr hi rɪˈsivd ə ˈstɛdi strim əv ˈvɪzɪtərz ənd æst ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪn hɪz ˈæˌdrɛs ər ˈlɛtər əv ˌʤuˈlaɪ 15 1863 "tɪ ðə dɪˈmɑkrəsi əv oʊˈhaɪoʊ": "ʃæl ðɛr bi fri spiʧ, ə fri prɛs, ˈpisəbəl əv ðə ˈpipəl, ənd ə fri ˈbælət ˈɛni ˈlɔŋgər ɪn oʊˈhaɪoʊ?" lɔst ðə 1863 oʊˈhaɪoʊ guˌbərnəˈtɔˌriəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn ə ˈlænsˌlaɪd tɪ wɔr ˈdɛməˌkræt ʤɑn braʊ baɪ ə voʊt əv tɪ bət hɪz ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm hæd lɛft ðə ˈpipəl əv ˈdeɪtən dɪˈvaɪdɪd bɪtˈwin proʊ- ənd ˈnidɪd] ðə ˌnɔrθˈwɛstərn kənˈfɛdərəsi ˈɛdət waɪl ɪn ˈkænədə, mɛt wɪθ ˈʤeɪkəb ˈtɑmsən, hu wɑz ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv əv ðə kənˈfɛdərˌeɪt ˈgəvərnmənt. hi tɔkt tɪ ˈtɑmsən əˈbaʊt plænz fər ˈfɔrmɪŋ ə ˌnɔrθˈwɛstərn kənˈfɛdərəsi, kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv ðə steɪts əv oʊˈhaɪoʊ, kənˈtəki, ˌɪndiˈænə, ənd ˌɪləˈnɔɪz, baɪ ˈoʊvərθˌroʊɪŋ ðɛr ˈgəvərnmənts. hi rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˈməni fər ˈwɛpənz frəm ðə confederates*. rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ˈhændəl ðə ˈməni hɪmˈsɛlf, ənd ɪt wɑz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ hɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ʤeɪmz ə. ˈbɛrɪt. pɑrt əv ðə kənˈfɛdərˌeɪt plæn wɑz tɪ ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪt kənˈfɛdərˌeɪt ˈprɪzənərz əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd rɪˈvoʊlt ˈnɛvər məˈtɪriəˌlaɪzd. rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts "ˈəndər ˈhɛvi dɪsˈgaɪz" ənd ˈpəblɪkli əˈpɪrd æt ən oʊˈhaɪoʊ kənˈvɛnʃən ɔn ʤun 15 1864 ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈlɪŋkən wɑz ˌɪnˈfɔrmd əv hɪz rɪˈtərn. ɔn ʤun 24 1864 ˈlɪŋkən ˈdræftɪd ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈgəvərnər braʊ ənd ˈʤɛnərəl ˈhaɪntzəlmən ˈsteɪtɪŋ "wɔʧ ənd ˈəðərz ˈkloʊsli" ənd ərˈɛst ðɛm ɪf ˈnidɪd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi dɪd nɑt sɛnd ðə ˈlɛtər, ənd ɪt əˈpɪrz hi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ du ˈnəθɪŋ əˈbaʊt rɪˈtərn. ɪn leɪt ˈɔgəst, ˈoʊpənli əˈtɛndəd ðə 1864 ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈnæʃənəl kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ. hi wɑz ə ˈdɪstrɪkt ˈdɛləˌgeɪt fər ðə rɪˈsɛpʃən baɪ ðə kənˈvɛnʃən tɪ wɑz mɪkst. rɪˈsivd "ˈviəmənt əˈplɔz". æt wən pɔɪnt neɪm wɑz kɔld aʊt baɪ ðə ˈɔdiəns ənd ðə rɪˈspɑns wɑz "əˈplɔz ənd ˈhɪsɪz". ðɛr wər "ʧɪrz ənd ˈhɪsɪz" ɔn əˈnəðər əˈkeɪʒən wɪn hi spoʊk. prəˈmoʊtəd ðə "pis plæŋk" əv ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm, dɪˈklɛrɪŋ ðə wɔr ə ˈfeɪljər ənd dɪˈmændɪŋ ən ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ɛnd əv hɑˈstɪlətiz. ɪn hɪz əkˈsɛptəns ˈlɛtər, ʤɔrʤ bi. məˈklɛlən meɪd pis kənˈdɪʃənəl ɔn ðə kənˈfɛdərəsi biɪŋ ˈrɛdi fər pis ənd ˈrɛdi tɪ riˈʤɔɪn ðə ˈjunjən. stæns kənˈflɪktɪd wɪθ ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti ˈplætˌfɔrm əv 1864 wɪʧ ˈsteɪtɪd ðət "ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈɛfərts bi meɪd fər ə ˌsɛˈseɪʃən əv hɑˈstɪlətiz, wɪθ ə vju tɪ ən ˈəltəmət kənˈvɛnʃən əv ðə steɪts, ər ˈəðər ˈpisəbəl minz, tɪ ðə ɛnd ðət, æt ðə ˈərliəst ˈpræktəkəbəl ˈmoʊmənt, pis meɪ bi rɪˈstɔrd ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈjunjən əv ðə səˈpɔrtɪd hɪz ˈpɑrtiz ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən əv məˈklɛlən fər ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi bət wɑz "ˈhaɪli ˌɪnˈdɪgnənt" wɪn məˈklɛlən riˈpjudiˌeɪtəd ðə ˈpɑrti ˈplætˌfɔrm ɪn hɪz ˈlɛtər əv əkˈsɛptəns əv ðə ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən. fər ə taɪm, wɪθˈdru frəm kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ fər məˈklɛlən. ðə ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ˈpɑrti ˈplætˌfɔrm ənd vjuz ˈwikənd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈɛfərts tɪ wɪn ˈvoʊtərz ˈoʊvər. ðə naɪts əv ðə ˈgoʊldən ˈsərkəl bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈɔrdər əv əˈmɛrɪkən naɪts ənd ðɛn ɪˈvɑlvd ˈɪntu ðə sənz əv ˈlɪbərˌti. ɪn leɪt sɛpˈtɛmbər 1864 ðə traɪəl əv sɪks ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə naɪts əv ðə ˈgoʊldən ˈsərkəl, ˈhɛrɪsən eɪʧ. dɑd, ˈwɪljəm ə. boʊlz, ˈændru ˈhəmfriz, ˈhɔrɪs heffren*, ənd ˈlæmdɪn pi. ˈmɪlɪgən bɪˈgæn ɪn ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kəˈmɪʃən. ʤɔrʤ i. pju ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd æt ðə traɪəl ɛz ə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈwɪtnəs. ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ðət kənˈfərmd ðət wɑz "səˈprim kəˈmændər" ənd ʤeɪmz ə. ˈbɛrɪt wɑz ðə "ʧif əv stæf" tɪ. ˈwɪtnəsɪz ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ðət ə mɪˈstɪriəs ˈmɪstər. ˈpaɪpər hæd kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪd tɪ ðɛm ɔn bɪˈhæf əv. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni əv ˈfilɪks ʤi. stidger*, ən ˌəndərˈkəvər ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənt hu ˈɪnfɪlˌtreɪtɪd ðə naɪts əv ðə ˈgoʊldən ˈsərkəl, ðə plæn əv wɑz tɪ bɪˈgɪn ə rɪˈvoʊlt ˈsəmˌtaɪm bɪtˈwin noʊˈvɛmbər 3 ənd 17 rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə naɪts əv ðə ˈgoʊldən ˈsərkəl (ˈleɪtər riˈneɪmd ðə ˈɔrdər əv əˈmɛrɪkən naɪts). ˈsəmˌtaɪm əraʊnd mɑrʧ 1864 hi bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈlidər əv ðə sənz əv ˈlɪbərˌti. ɪn ˈeɪprəl 1865 ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd æt ðə kənˈspɪrəsi traɪəl əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən naɪts ɪn ˌsɪnsəˈnæti, oʊˈhaɪoʊ. hi ədˈmɪtəd tɪ kənˈvərsɪŋ wɪθ ˈʤeɪkəb ˈtɑmsən, ðə kənˈfɛdərˌeɪt ˈeɪʤənt ɪn ɪn 1867 kənˈtɪnjud hɪz stæns əˈgɛnst ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən ˈsəfrɪʤ ənd ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hɪz vjuz ˈleɪtər ʧeɪnʤd wɪθ ðə nu dɪˈpɑrʧər ˈpɑləsi. rɪˈtərnd tɪ oʊˈhaɪoʊ, lɔst hɪz kæmˈpeɪnz fər ðə ˈsɛnɪt əˈgɛnst ʤəʤ ˈælən ʤi. ˈθərmən ənd ðə haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz əˈgɛnst ˈrɑbərt si. ʃɛŋk ɔn ən ˈplætˌfɔrm, ənd ðɛn rɪˈzumd hɪz lɔ ˈpræktɪs. ɪn 1871 wən ðə oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə "nu dɪˈpɑrʧər" ˈpɑləsi ðət wʊd ɛˈsɛnʃəli nɪˈglɛkt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, "ðəs ˈbɛriɪŋ aʊt əv saɪt ɔl ðət ɪz əv ðə dɛd pæst, ˈneɪmli, ðə raɪt əv sɪˈsɛʃən, sˈleɪvəri, ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ˌbiˈfɔr ðə lɔ, ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti; ənd ˈfərðər, naʊ ðət ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ɪz kəmˈplit, ənd ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈjunjən rɪˈstɔrd", bət ˈɔlsoʊ əˈfərmd "ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti ˈplɛʤɪz ˌɪtˈsɛlf tɪ ðə fʊl, ˈfeɪθfəl, ənd ˈæbsəˌlut ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən ənd ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əv ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən ɛz ɪt naʊ ɪz, soʊ ɛz tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ˈikwəl raɪts tɪ ɔl ˈpərsənz ˈəndər ɪt, wɪˈθaʊt dɪˈstɪŋkʃən əv reɪs, ˈkələr, ər kənˈdɪʃən." ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld fər ˈsɪvəl ˈsərvɪs rɪˈfɔrm ənd ə prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈɪnˌkəm tæks (ˈaɪtəmz 10 12 ɪt wɑz əˈgɛnst ðə bɪl" (ˈaɪtəm 17 "nu dɪˈpɑrʧər" wɑz ɛnˈdɔrst baɪ ˈsæmən pi. ʧeɪs, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈlɪŋkən ˈkæbənət ˈmɛmbər ənd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. dɛθ ˈɛdət daɪd ɪn 1871 ɪn ˈlɛbənən, oʊˈhaɪoʊ, æt ðə eɪʤ əv 50 ˈæftər ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ˈʃutɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn ðə ˈæbdəmən wɪθ ə ˈpɪstəl. hi wɑz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ə dɪˈfɛndənt, ˈtɑməs mcgehean*, ɪn ə ˈmərdər keɪs fər ˈkɪlɪŋ ə mæn ɪn ə ˈbɑˌrrum brɔl ɪn ˈhæməltən, oʊˈhaɪoʊ. əˈtɛmptəd tɪ pruv ðə ˈvɪktɪm, tɑm maɪərz, hæd ɪn fækt ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ʃɑt hɪmˈsɛlf waɪl drɔɪŋ hɪz ˈpɪstəl frəm ə ˈpɑkət waɪl ˈraɪzɪŋ frəm ə ˈnilɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən. ɛz kənˈfərd wɪθ ˈfɛloʊ dɪˈfɛns əˈtərniz ɪn hɪz hoʊˈtɛl rum æt ðə ˈlɛbənən haʊs, ˈtudeɪz ˈgoʊldən læm ɪn, hi ʃoʊd ðɛm haʊ hi wʊd ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðɪs tɪ ðə ˈʤʊri. səˈlɛktɪŋ ə ˈpɪstəl hi bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ənˈloʊdɪd, hi pʊt ɪt ɪn hɪz ˈpɑkət ənd ɛˈnæktəd ðə ɪˈvɛnts ɛz ðeɪ maɪt hæv ˈhæpənd, sˈnægɪŋ ðə ˈloʊdɪd gən ɔn hɪz ˈkloʊðɪŋ ənd ˌənɪnˈtɛnʃənəli ˈkɔzɪŋ ɪt tɪ ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤ ˈɪntu hɪz ˈbɛli. ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi wɑz ˈfeɪtəli ˈwundɪd, ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən pruvd hɪz pɔɪnt, ənd ðə dɪˈfɛndənt, ˈtɑməs mcgehean*, wɑz əkˈwɪtɪd ənd riˈlist frəm ˈkəstədi (ˈoʊnli tɪ bi ʃɑt tɪ dɛθ fɔr jɪrz ˈleɪtər ɪn hɪz ˈsərʤənz proʊbd fər ðə ˈpɪstəl bɔl, θɔt tɪ hæv lɑʤd ɪn ðə vɪˈsɪnɪti əv ˈblædər, bət wər əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ɪt, ənd daɪd ðə nɛkst deɪ əv peritonitis*. hɪz læst wərdz ɪkˈsprɛst hɪz feɪθ ɪn "ðət gʊd oʊld ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪriən ˈdɔktərɪn əv ˌpriˌdɛstəˈneɪʃən". sərˈvaɪvd baɪ hɪz waɪf, luˈizə ˈænə (məkˈmæn), ənd hɪz sən ˈʧɑrəlz, hi wɑz ˈbɛrid ɪn ˈwʊˌdlænd ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri ɪn ˈdeɪtən, oʊˈhaɪoʊ. wɑz ˈjuləˌʤaɪzd baɪ ʤeɪmz ˈdəbəlju. wɔl, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈsɛnətər frəm nu ˈʤərzi, hu ˈmɛnʃənd ˈrisəntli ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ɪm əˈbaʊt "nu dɪˈpɑrʧər". wɔl hæd bɪn ˌɪmˈprɪzənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr baɪ ˈjunjən əˈθɔrətiz. ʤɑn ə. məkˈmæn, ˈnɛfju, wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə juz. ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv frəm oʊˈhaɪoʊ. ˈlɛgəsi ˈɛdət ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən tɪ ðə kənˈfɛdərəsi ˈprɑmptɪd ˈɛdwərd ˈɛvərət heɪl tɪ raɪt "ðə mæn wɪˈθaʊt ə ðɪs ʃɔrt ˈstɔri, wɪʧ əˈpɪrd ɪn ðə əˈtlæntɪk ˈmənθli ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 1863 wɑz ˈwaɪdli republished*. ɪn 1898 heɪl meɪd ðə əˈsərʃən ðət ˈsteɪtɪd "hi dɪd nɑt wɔnt tɪ bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ɪn wɔrd mʊrz 1953 ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˈhɪstəri ˈnɑvəl brɪŋ ðə ˌʤubəˈli, ðə kənˈfɛdərəsi wɪnz ðə ˈbætəl əv ˈgɛtizbərg, wɪnz ɪts ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ənd ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪz ə hjuˈmɪliˌeɪtɪŋ pis ɔn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. wɪnz ðə 1864 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, ənd ðə ɪˈlɛktərət tərnz ˈʃɑrpli əˈgɛnst ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz, hɛld riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə dɪˈzæstər. ˈprɛzɪdənsi ɪz ˈhɔntɪd baɪ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈkraɪsəs ənd haɪ ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən, du tɪ ðə ˌrɛpərˈeɪʃənz ˌɪmˈpoʊzd baɪ ðə vɪkˈtɔriəs kənˈfɛdərəsi. ðə ˈjuˈɛs wʊd bi ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ˈkrɪpəld baɪ ðə ˈkraɪsəs ənd lɛft ə ˈbækwərd ˈkəntri, ənd fˈjuʧər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz wʊd hoʊld ˈpɑrʃəli riˈspɑnsəbəl. ɪn ˈwɪljəm ˈgɪbsən ənd brus ˈstərlɪŋz 1991 ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˈhɪstəri ˈnɑvəl ðə ˈdɪfərəns ˈɪnʤən, ɪz ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ə brif vɪnˈjɛt ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs ɪn 1870 ɪn ðə vɪnˈjɛt, hi ɪz "ðə ɛks ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈjunjən," ənd bɪˈkəmz ˌɪnˈtɑksɪˌkeɪtɪd æt ə ˈpɑrti ɪn ˈləndən ənd kriˈeɪts ən ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ sin. ɪn ˈhɛri 1992 ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˈhɪstəri ˈnɑvəl ðə gənz əv ðə saʊθ, wɑz ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkænədɪt hərˈeɪʃoʊ ˈsimɔrz ˈrənɪŋ meɪt ɪn ðə 1864 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. ðə ˈtɪkɪt dɪˈfitɪd rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌɪnˈkəmbənt ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈeɪbrəˌhæm ˈlɪŋkən ənd vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈhænɪbəl ˈhæmlɪn baɪ ə ˈnɛroʊ ˈmɑrʤən. ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət ˈsɔrsəz ˈɛdət ˈfərðər ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈɛdət

clement laird vallandigham ( ;[1] july 29, 1820 – june 17, 1871) was an ohio politician and leader of the copperhead faction of anti-war democrats during the american civil war. he served two terms in the united states house of representatives. in 1863, he was convicted at an army court martial of opposing the war, and exiled to the confederacy. he ran for governor of ohio in 1863 from exile in canada, but was defeated. early life [ edit ] clement laird vallandigham was born july 29, 1820, in new lisbon, ohio (now lisbon, ohio), to clement and rebecca laird vallandigham. his father, a presbyterian minister, educated his son at home.[3] in 1841, vallandigham had a dispute with the college president at jefferson college in canonsburg, pennsylvania. he was honorably dismissed, but he never received a degree. edwin m. stanton, the future secretary of war under president lincoln, was vallandigham's close friend before the civil war. stanton lent vallandigham $500 for a law course and to begin his own practice.[5] both vallandigham and stanton were democrats, but they held opposing views on slavery. stanton was an abolitionist - vallandigham an anti-abolitionist. political career [ edit ] ohio legislature [ edit ] shortly after beginning to practice law in dayton, vallandigham entered politics. he was elected as a democrat to the ohio legislature in 1845 and 1846, and served as editor of a weekly newspaper, the dayton empire, from 1847 until 1849. while in the ohio state legislature, vallandigham voted against the repeal of the "black laws" (laws against the civil rights of african-americans), but he did want the question put to a referendum by the voters. in 1851, vallandigham sought the democratic nomination to be ohio's lieutenant governor, but the party declined to nominate him.[3] house of representatives [ edit ] vallandigham ran for congress in 1856, but he was narrowly defeated. he appealed to the committee of elections of the house of representatives, claiming that illegal votes had been cast. the house eventually agreed, and vallandigham was seated on the next to last day of the term. the delay was due to "the division which had arisen in the democratic party upon the lecompton question." he was reelected by a small margin in 1858. in october 1859, radical abolitionist john brown raided harper's ferry, virginia, seizing the united states army arsenal. vallandigham was member of a group of government officials who interrogated the captured brown as to his aims, which brown stated were an attempt to set off a rebellion of slaves to secure their freedom.[8] vallandigham was always a vigorous supporter of constitutional states' rights.[9] he believed the federal government had no power to regulate any legal institution, which slavery at the time was. he also believed the states had an implied right to secede and that, legally, the confederacy could not militarily be conquered. vallandigham was a believer in low tariffs and that slavery was a matter for each state to decide. during the ensuing war, he would become one of lincoln's most outspoken critics.[3][10] he was re-elected to the house in 1860. during the 1860 presidential campaign, he supported stephen a. douglas, although he disagreed with douglas's position on "squatter sovereignty", which was used by detractors to describe popular sovereignty. on february 20, 1861, vallandigham delivered a speech titled "the great american revolution" to the house of representatives. he accused the republican party of being "belligerent" and advocated a "choice of peaceable disunion upon the one hand, or union through adjustment and conciliation upon the other." vallandigham supported the crittenden compromise, which was a last minute effort to avert the civil war. he blamed sectionalism and anti-slavery sentiment for the secession crisis. vallandigham proposed a series of amendments to the constitution. the united states would be divided into four sections: north, south, west, and pacific. the four sections would each have the power in the senate to veto legislation. the electoral college would be modified, with the term of president and vice-president increased to six years and limited to one term unless two-thirds of the electors agreed. secession by a state could only be agreed to if the legislatures of the sections approved it. moving between the sections was a guaranteed right.[12] vallandigham strongly opposed every military bill, leading his opponents to charge that he wanted the confederacy to win the war. he became the acknowledged leader of the anti-war copperheads, and in an address on may 8, 1862, he coined their slogan: "to maintain the constitution as it is, and to restore the union as it was." it was endorsed by fifteen democratic congressmen. vallandigham lost his bid for a third full term in 1862 by a relatively large vote, which loss meant he would be out of office early in 1863. however, his loss was at least partially due to redistricting his congressional district. despite this loss, some still considered him to be a future presidential candidate.[15] as a lame duck representative, vallandigham delivered a speech in the house on january 14, 1863, entitled "the constitution-peace-reunion". in it, he stated his opposition to abolitionism from the "beginning". he denounced lincoln's violations of civil liberties, "which have made this country one of the worst despotisms on earth". vallandigham openly criticized lincoln's preliminary emancipation proclamation, charging that "war for the union was abandoned; war for the negro openly begun." he also condemned financial interests that were profiting from the war. "and let not wall street, or any other great interest, mercantile, manufacturing, or commercial, imagine that it shall have power enough or wealth enough to stand in the way of reunion through peace." vallandigham added, "defeat, debt, taxation, sepulchers, these are your trophies." vallandigham's speech included a proposal to end the military conflict. he advocated an armistice and the demobilization of the military forces of both the union and confederacy.[16] post-congressional activities [ edit ] after general ambrose e. burnside issued general order number 38, warning that the "habit of declaring sympathies for the enemy" would not be tolerated in the military district of ohio, vallandigham gave a major speech on may 1, 1863. he charged that the war was no longer being fought to save the union, but it had become an attempt to free the slaves by sacrificing the liberty of white americans to "king lincoln".[17] burnside also suppressed circulation of the chicago times.[18] the authority for burnside's order came from a proclamation of september 24, 1862, in which president lincoln suspended habeas corpus and made discouraging enlistments, drafts, or any other "disloyal" practices subject to martial law and trial by military commissions.[19] arrest and military trial [ edit ] vallandigham's arrest, 1863 on may 5, 1863, vallandigham was arrested as a violator of general order number 38. his enraged supporters burned the offices of the dayton journal, the republican rival to the empire. vallandigham was tried by a military court on may 6 and 7. vallandigham's speech at mount vernon, ohio, was cited as the source of the arrest. he was charged by the military commission with "publicly expressing, in violation of general orders no. 38, from head-quarters department of the ohio, sympathy for those in arms against the government of the united states, and declaring disloyal sentiments and opinions, with the object and purpose of weakening the power of the government in its efforts to suppress an unlawful rebellion." the specifications of the charge against vallandigham were: declaring the present war "a wicked, cruel, and unnecessary war"; "a war not being waged for the preservation of the union"; "a war for the purpose of crushing out liberty and erecting a despotism"; "a war for the freedom of the blacks and the enslavement of the whites"; stating "that if the administration had so wished, the war could have been honorably terminated months ago"; that "peace might have been honorably obtained by listening to the proposed intermediation of france"; that "propositions by which the northern states could be won back, and the south guaranteed their rights under the constitution, had been rejected the day before the late battle of fredericksburg, by lincoln and his minions", meaning thereby the president of the united states, and those under him in authority; charging "that the government of the united states was about to appoint military marshals in every district, to restrain the people of their liberties, to deprive them of their rights and privileges"; characterizing general orders no. 38, from headquarters department of the ohio, as "a base usurpation of arbitrary authority", inviting his hearers to resist the same, by saying, "the sooner the people inform the minions of usurped power that they will not submit to such restrictions upon their liberties, the better"; declaring "that he was at all times, and upon all occasions, resolved to do what he could to defeat the attempts now being made to build up a monarchy upon the ruins of our free government"; asserting "that he firmly believed, as he said six months ago, that the men in power are attempting to establish a despotism in this country, more cruel and more oppressive than ever existed before." all of which opinions and sentiments he well knew did aid, comfort, and encourage those in arms against the government, and could but induce in his hearers a distrust of their own government, sympathy for those in arms against it, and a disposition to resist the laws of the land. the peace proposal of france was true; vallandigham had been requested by horace greeley to assist in the peace plan.[22] during the trial, testimony was given by union army officers who attended the speech in civilian clothes, that vallandigham called the president "king lincoln". he was sentenced to confinement in a military prison "during the continuance of the war" at fort warren in massachusetts. on may 11, 1863, an application for a writ of habeas corpus was filed in federal court for vallandigham by former ohio senator george e. pugh. judge humphrey h. leavitt of the circuit court of the united states for the southern district of ohio upheld vallandigham's arrest and military trial as a valid exercise of the president's war powers. congress had passed an act authorizing the president to suspend habeas corpus on march 3, 1863.[27] controversy and protests ensued. on may 16, 1863, there was a meeting at albany, new york, to protest the arrest of vallandigham. a letter from governor horatio seymour of new york was read to the crowd. seymour charged that "military despotism" had been established. resolutions by the hon. john v. l. pruyin were adopted. the resolutions were sent to president lincoln by erastus corning. in response to a public letter issued at the meeting of angry democrats in albany, lincoln's "letter to erastus corning et al." of june 12, 1863, explains his justification for supporting the court-martial's conviction. in february 1864, the supreme court ruled that it had no power to issue a writ of habeas corpus to a military commission (ex parte vallandigham, 1 wallace, 243). expulsion [ edit ] lincoln, who considered vallandigham a "wily agitator", was wary of making him a martyr to the copperhead cause and on may 19, 1863, ordered him sent through the enemy lines to the confederacy.[9] when he was within confederate lines, vallandigham said: "i am a citizen of ohio, and of the united states. i am here within your lines by force, and against my will. i therefore surrender myself to you as a prisoner of war." on may 30, 1863, a meeting was held at military park in newark, new jersey, where a letter was read from new jersey governor joel parker. parker's letter condemned the arrest, trial and deportation of vallandigham, saying they "were arbitrary and illegal acts. the whole proceeding was wrong in principle and dangerous in its tendency." however, the meeting was sparsely attended.[31] the new york world reported on the meeting in albany. burnside suppressed publication of the world. on june 1, 1863, another protest meeting was held in philadelphia. on june 2, 1863, vallandigham was sent to wilmington, north carolina, by president davis and was briefly put under guard as an "alien enemy".[34] president lincoln wrote the "birchard letter" of june 29, 1863, to several ohio congressmen, offering to revoke vallandigham's deportation order if they would agree to support certain policies of the administration. vallandigham travelled to richmond, virginia, where he met with robert ould, a former classmate. he advised ould that the confederate army should not invade pennsylvania, since it would unite the north against the copperheads in the 1864 presidential election.[35] however, a letter to the editor of the new york times gave a different version, saying that vallandigham encouraged the invasion.[36] vallandigham then left the confederacy on a blockade runner to bermuda, and from there went to canada.[37] he now declared himself a candidate for governor of ohio, and actually won the democratic nomination in absentia. (outraged at his treatment by lincoln, ohio democrats by a vote of 411-11 nominated vallandigham for governor[38] at their june 11 convention.) he managed his campaign from a hotel in windsor, ontario, where he received a steady stream of visitors and supporters.[39] vallandigham asked the question in his address or letter of july 15, 1863, "to the democracy of ohio": "shall there be free speech, a free press, peaceable assemblages of the people, and a free ballot any longer in ohio?" vallandigham lost the 1863 ohio gubernatorial election in a landslide to pro-union war democrat john brough by a vote of 288,374 to 187,492, but his activism had left the people of dayton divided between pro- and anti-slavery factions.[citation needed] the northwestern confederacy [ edit ] while in canada, vallandigham met with jacob thompson, who was a representative of the confederate government. he talked to thompson about plans for forming a northwestern confederacy, consisting of the states of ohio, kentucky, indiana, and illinois, by overthrowing their governments. he requested money for weapons from the confederates. vallandigham refused to handle the money himself, and it was given to his associate james a. barrett. part of the confederate plan was to liberate confederate prisoners of war.[42] the intended revolt never materialized. vallandigham returned to the united states "under heavy disguise" and publicly appeared at an ohio convention on june 15, 1864. president lincoln was informed of his return. on june 24, 1864, lincoln drafted a letter to governor brough and general heintzelman stating "watch vallandigham and others closely" and arrest them if needed. however, he did not send the letter, and it appears he decided to do nothing about vallandigham's return. in late august, vallandigham openly attended the 1864 democratic national convention in chicago. he was a district delegate for ohio.[45] the reception by the convention to vallandigham was mixed. vallandigham received "vehement applause". at one point vallandigham's name was called out by the audience and the response was "applause and hisses". there were "cheers and hisses" on another occasion when he spoke. vallandigham promoted the "peace plank" of the platform, declaring the war a failure and demanding an immediate end of hostilities. in his acceptance letter, george b. mcclellan made peace conditional on the confederacy being ready for peace and ready to rejoin the union. mcclellan's stance conflicted with the democratic party platform of 1864 which stated that "immediate efforts be made for a cessation of hostilities, with a view to an ultimate convention of the states, or other peaceable means, to the end that, at the earliest practicable moment, peace may be restored on the basis of the federal union of the states."[51] vallandigham supported his party's nomination of mcclellan for the presidency but was "highly indignant" when mcclellan repudiated the party platform in his letter of acceptance of the nomination. for a time, vallandigham withdrew from campaigning for mcclellan. the contradiction between the party platform and mcclellan's views weakened democratic efforts to win voters over. the knights of the golden circle became the order of american knights and then evolved into the sons of liberty. in late september 1864, the trial of six members of the knights of the golden circle, harrison h. dodd, william a. bowles, andrew humphreys, horace heffren, and lambdin p. milligan began in indianapolis before a military commission. george e. pugh testified at the trial as a government witness. testimony was given that confirmed that vallandigham was "supreme commander" and james a. barrett was the "chief of staff" to vallandigham. witnesses testified that a mysterious mr. piper had communicated to them on behalf of vallandigham. according to the testimony of felix g. stidger, an undercover federal agent who infiltrated the knights of the golden circle, the plan of vallandigham was to begin a revolt sometime between november 3 and 17. vallandigham refused to join the knights of the golden circle (later renamed the order of american knights). sometime around march 1864, he became the leader of the sons of liberty. in april 1865, vallandigham testified at the conspiracy trial of the american knights in cincinnati, ohio. he admitted to conversing with jacob thompson, the confederate agent in canada.[60] in 1867, vallandigham continued his stance against african-american suffrage and equality.[61] however, his views later changed with the new departure policy. vallandigham returned to ohio, lost his campaigns for the senate against judge allen g. thurman and the house of representatives against robert c. schenck on an anti-reconstruction platform, and then resumed his law practice. in 1871, vallandigham won the ohio democrats over to the "new departure" policy that would essentially neglect to mention the civil war, "thus burying out of sight all that is of the dead past, namely, the right of secession, slavery, inequality before the law, and political inequality; and further, now that reconstruction is complete, and representation within the union restored", but also affirmed "the democratic party pledges itself to the full, faithful, and absolute execution and enforcement of the constitution as it now is, so as to secure equal rights to all persons under it, without distinction of race, color, or condition." it also called for civil service reform and a progressive income tax (items 10 & 12). it was against the "ku-klux bill" (item 17). "new departure" was endorsed by salmon p. chase, a former lincoln cabinet member and chief justice of the united states. death [ edit ] vallandigham died in 1871 in lebanon, ohio, at the age of 50, after accidentally shooting himself in the abdomen with a pistol. he was representing a defendant, thomas mcgehean, in a murder case for killing a man in a barroom brawl in hamilton, ohio. vallandigham attempted to prove the victim, tom myers, had in fact accidentally shot himself while drawing his pistol from a pocket while rising from a kneeling position. as vallandigham conferred with fellow defense attorneys in his hotel room at the lebanon house, today's golden lamb inn, he showed them how he would demonstrate this to the jury. selecting a pistol he believed to be unloaded, he put it in his pocket and enacted the events as they might have happened, snagging the loaded gun on his clothing and unintentionally causing it to discharge into his belly. although he was fatally wounded, vallandigham's demonstration proved his point, and the defendant, thomas mcgehean, was acquitted and released from custody (only to be shot to death four years later in his saloon).[67] surgeons probed for the pistol ball, thought to have lodged in the vicinity of vallandigham's bladder, but were unable to locate it, and vallandigham died the next day of peritonitis. his last words expressed his faith in "that good old presbyterian doctrine of predestination". survived by his wife, louisa anna (mcmahon) vallandigham, and his son charles vallandigham, he was buried in woodland cemetery in dayton, ohio. vallandigham was eulogized by james w. wall, a former senator from new jersey, who mentioned recently meeting with him about "new departure". wall had been imprisoned during the civil war by union authorities. john a. mcmahon, vallandigham's nephew, was also a u.s. representative from ohio. legacy [ edit ] vallandigham's deportation to the confederacy prompted edward everett hale to write "the man without a country".[70] this short story, which appeared in the atlantic monthly in december 1863, was widely republished. in 1898, hale made the assertion that vallandigham stated "he did not want to belong to the united states".[71] in ward moore's 1953 alternate history novel bring the jubilee, the confederacy wins the battle of gettysburg, wins its independence and imposes a humiliating peace on the united states. vallandigham wins the 1864 presidential election, and the electorate turns sharply against the republicans, held responsible for the disaster. vallandigham's presidency is haunted by economic crisis and high inflation, due to the reparations imposed by the victorious confederacy. the us would be permanently crippled by the post-war crisis and left a backward country, and future generations would hold vallandigham partially responsible. in william gibson and bruce sterling's 1991 alternate history novel the difference engine, vallandigham is mentioned in a brief vignette taking place in 1870. in the vignette, he is "the ex president of the american union," and becomes intoxicated at a party in london and creates an embarrassing scene. in harry turtledove's 1992 alternate history novel the guns of the south, vallandigham was democratic candidate horatio seymour's running mate in the 1864 presidential election. the ticket defeated republican incumbent president abraham lincoln and vice president hannibal hamlin by a narrow margin. references [ edit ] sources [ edit ] further reading [ edit ]

wɪθ ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈmɑrkɪt biɪŋ wərθ ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd 300 ˈbɪljən ənd ˈdɪfərənt taɪps əv ɪn ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən, ðə ˈsɛktər ɪz ˈbumɪŋ. səˈpraɪzɪŋ nuz ˌhaʊˈɛvər ɪz ðət juʤ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ həz ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ɪts ˈjuzərz tɪ wɔrn əˈgɛnst ˈgɪtɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈsoʊˈkɔld 'pəmp ənd dəmp' ə minz əv məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə ˈmɑrkɪt fər ˈpərsɪnəl geɪn, ðə 'pəmp ənd dəmp' həz bɪn əraʊnd fər ə lɔŋ taɪm. wəns sin ɪn ðə stɑk ˈmɑrkɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt wɑz bænd, ɪt həz naʊ ˈsimɪŋli ɪn ðə wərld. ðə ˈʤɛnərəl aɪˈdiə ɪz ðət ə grup əv ˌɪnˈvɛstərz wɪl baɪ lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnts əv ə səˈlɛktɪd kɔɪn ˈʧipli wɪʧ wɪl ðɛn lɛd tɪ ən ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ˌɪnˈkris ɪts praɪs. ðeɪ wɪl ðɛn sɛl ðɛr kɔɪnz tɪ ˈəðər ˌɪnˈvɛstərz nɑt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə skim æt ðə nu haɪ praɪs tɪ meɪk ðɛr ˈməni. əv kɔrs, ðə ˈnæsti ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd tɪ ðɪs ɪz ðət ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ðeɪ sɛl tu ər lɛft wɪθ kɔɪnz ðət ər wərθ fɑr lɛs ðən ðeɪ ˈrisənt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ðə wɛl rɪˈspɛktɪd ˈbɪznɪs ˌɪnˈsaɪdər ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən faʊnd ðət səm ˈjuzərz ɔn wər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ðɪs taɪp əv skæm. ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ ɪˈrædəˌkeɪt ɪt frəm ðɛr ˈplætˌfɔrm, ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ɔl ðɛr ˈjuzərz. ɪn ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ, ɔl ˈjuzərz wər wɔrnd ðət ðɛr əˈkaʊnt wʊd bi ˈfroʊzən ər səˈspɛndɪd ɪf ðeɪ wər faʊnd tɪ bi ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn 'pəmp ənd dəmp' wən əv ðə wərldz ˈlɑrʤəst ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz, tərnz ˈoʊvər ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd 1 ˈbɪljən pər deɪ ɪn treɪdz. ˈnæʧərəli, ɪt ɪz nɑt səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðeɪ ər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn ˈɛni səʧ ækˈtɪvɪti bət hæv ˈteɪkən ðiz stɛps tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ˈɛni ˈpipəl hu juz ðɛr ˈplætˌfɔrm ˈɑrənt ɪz nɑt ʤɪst hu hæv səm ˈjuzərz hu juz ðɪs məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪv ˈtæktɪk. ˈəðər ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz laɪk ənd wər ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd tɪ hæv ˈjuzərz hu wər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə seɪm skim. ɛz wɪθ, ðɛr ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli noʊ səˈʤɛsʧən ðət ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz ðɛmˈsɛlvz ər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈmɛni naʊ bɪˈliv ðət ðɪs ˈpræktɪs ʃʊd bi meɪd ˌɪˈligəl ˈəndər əˈfɪʃəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən tɪ stæmp ɪt aʊt fər gʊd.

with the current cryptocurrency market being worth an estimated $300 billion and 1,300 different types of cryptocurrency in circulation, the sector is booming. surprising news however is that huge cryptocurrency exchange bittrex has contacted its users to warn against getting involved so-called 'pump and dump' scams.as a means of manipulating the market for personal gain, the 'pump and dump' has been around for a long time. once seen in the stock market before it was banned, it has now seemingly re-surfaced in the cryptocurrency world. the general idea is that a group of investors will buy large amounts of a selected coin cheaply which will then lead to an artificial increase its price. they will then sell their coins to other investors not involved in the scheme at the new high price to make their money. of course, the nasty downside to this is that the investors they sell too are left with coins that are worth far less than they paid.a recent investigation by the well respected business insider organisation found that some users on bittrex were involved with this type of scam. in an effort to eradicate it from their platform, bittrex decided to contact all their users. in the message, all bittrex users were warned that their account would be frozen or suspended if they were found to be involved in 'pump and dump' schemes.as one of the world's largest cryptocurrency exchanges, bittrex turns over an estimated $1 billion per day in trades. naturally, it is not suggested that they are involved themselves in any such activity but have taken these steps to ensure any people who use their platform aren't either.it is not just bittrex who have some users who use this manipulative tactic. other cryptocurrency exchanges like indorse and chillcoin were also found to have users who were involved in the same scheme. as with bittrex, there is absolutely no suggestion that the companies themselves are involved. however, many now believe that this practice should be made illegal under official regulation to stamp it out for good.

haʊ əˈmɛrɪkənz gɪt ðɛr nuz əˈmɛrɪkənz ər ˈækˌsɛsɪŋ ðə nuz θruaʊt ðə deɪ ənd əˈkrɔs dɪˈvaɪsɪz fər ˈmɛni əˈmɛrɪkənz, ˈkipɪŋ əp wɪθ ðə nuz ɪz ən ækˈtɪvɪti ðət əˈkərz θruaʊt ðə deɪ ənd əˈkrɔs ˈdɪfərənt ˈfɔrˌmæts, dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤiz. wɪn æst wɪn ðeɪ prɪˈfər tɪ wɔʧ, rɛd, ər hir nuz, ə plərˈælɪti 33 pərˈsɛnt) rɪˈpɔrt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə nuz ɔl θruaʊt ðə deɪ. ə sˈmɔlər bət ˈsaɪzəbəl ˈnəmbər əv əˈmɛrɪkənz kənˈtɪnju tɪ prɪˈfər tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðə nuz ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ 24 pərˈsɛnt) ənd ɪn ðə ˈivnɪŋ 26 pərˈsɛnt), waɪl stɪl ˈlɛsər ˈnəmbərz seɪ ðeɪ moʊst ˈɔfən gɪt nuz ɪn ðə ˌæftərˈnun 4 pərˈsɛnt) ənd raɪt ˌbiˈfɔr bɛd 9 pərˈsɛnt). ˈpipəl hu oʊn ənd juz mɔr dɪˈvaɪsɪz ər noʊ mɔr ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ juz prɪnt ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz, ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən, ər ˈreɪdiˌoʊ tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ðə nuz. ɪz ðɛr ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr taɪm ðət ˈpipəl goʊ fər mɔr nuz, bɪɔnd ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz? ˈoʊvərˌɔl, 4 ɪn 10 əˈmɛrɪkənz rɪˈpɔrt ðət ðeɪ dɛlvd ˈdipər ˈɪntu ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr nuz ˈsəbʤɪkt bɪɔnd ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ɪn ðə læst wik. wɪn ðeɪ dɪd, ðət ˈrɛdɪŋ, ˈwɑʧɪŋ, ər ˈlɪsənɪŋ ˈfɑloʊd ə ˈsɪmələr ˈpætərn tɪ nuz kənˈsəmʃən ˈʤɛnərəli, wɪθ ə plərˈælɪti 34 pərˈsɛnt) seɪɪŋ ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr taɪm ðeɪ prɪˈfər tɪ rɛd nuz. ðət ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈʧælənʤɪz ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət waɪl əˈmɛrɪkənz meɪ gɪt ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz kənˈtɪnjuəsli, ðeɪ rɪˈzərv ðə ˈivnɪŋ fər ˈlərnɪŋ mɔr. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ə sˈlaɪtli ˈlɑrʤər ˈnəmbər, 49 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈædəlts, sɛd ðeɪ dɛlvd ˈdipər tɪ lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ðə læst ˈbreɪkɪŋ nuz ˈstɔri ðeɪ peɪd əˈtɛnʃən tɪ, ðoʊ taɪm əv deɪ wɑz nɑt proʊbd fər ðɪs, ˈgɪvɪn ðət nuz meɪ breɪk æt ˈɛni taɪm. taɪm əv deɪ wɪn ˈpipəl gɪt ðɛr nuz əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈfɑloʊ ðə nuz ɔn ə waɪd vərˈaɪəti əv dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ θru ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən, ˈreɪdiˌoʊ, prɪnt ˈvərʒənz əv ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz ənd ˈmægəˌzinz, kəmˈpjutərz, sɛl foʊnz, ˈtæbləts, e-readers*, ənd dɪˈvaɪsɪz səʧ ɛz ən ər ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən ðət lɪŋk ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt tɪ ə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən. əˈmɛrɪkənz ɔn ˈævərɪʤ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət, ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə pæst wik, ðeɪ ˈfɑloʊd ðə nuz ˈjuzɪŋ fɔr ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈvaɪsɪz ər tɛkˈnɑləʤiz. ðə moʊst ˈfrikwɛntli ˈjutəˌlaɪzd dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˌɪnˈklud ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən 87 pərˈsɛnt), 69 pərˈsɛnt), ˈreɪdiˌoʊ 65 pərˈsɛnt), ənd prɪnt ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz ər ˈmægəˌzinz 61 pərˈsɛnt). moʊst əˈmɛrɪkənz juz ˈmɛni ˈmidiə dɪˈvaɪsɪz fər nuz əˈməŋ ɔl ˈædəlt əˈmɛrɪkənz, 56 pərˈsɛnt ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈjuzɪŋ ə sɛl foʊn ənd 29 pərˈsɛnt ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈtæblət tɪ ˈækˌsɛs nuz ɪn ðə læst wik. (ðət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts 78 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə 69 pərˈsɛnt əˈmɛrɪkənz hu oʊn ə, ənd 73 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə 39 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz hu oʊn ər juz ə ˈtæblət dɪˈvaɪs). ˈoʊnli 10 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈjuzɪŋ ən tɪ gɪt ðɛr nuz ɪn ðə læst wik ənd 11 pərˈsɛnt ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈjuzɪŋ ə smɑrt ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðə nuz ɪn ðə læst wik. trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈmidiə rɪˈmeɪn ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈivɪn fər ðoʊz əˈmɛrɪkənz wɪθ ðə moʊst ˈgæʤəts. ˈpipəl hu oʊn ənd juz mɔr dɪˈvaɪsɪz ər noʊ mɔr ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ juz prɪnt ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz, ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən, ər ˈreɪdiˌoʊ tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ðə nuz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, 62 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈpipəl hu juz ˈoʊnli wən ˈɪntərˌnɛt ɪˈneɪbəld dɪˈvaɪs seɪ ðeɪ juzd ðə prɪnt ˈvərʒən əv ə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən tɪ gɪt nuz ɪn ðə læst wik, ɛz du 60 pərˈsɛnt əv ðoʊz hu juz θri ər mɔr ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz. ˈmɛni əˈmɛrɪkənz prɪˈfər tɪ rɪˈsiv nuz əˈkrɔs dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ˈjuzɪŋ ˌwəˈtɛvər dɪˈvaɪs ər tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz moʊst kənˈvinjənt wɪn ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðə nuz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɛz ðə ˈnəmbər əv dɪˈvaɪsɪz ə ˈpərsən oʊnz ˌɪnˈkrisɪz, ðeɪ ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ðət ðeɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˈkipɪŋ əp wɪθ ðə nuz ənd ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ seɪ ðət ˈiziər tɪ kip əp wɪθ ðə nuz təˈdeɪ ðən ɪt wɑz faɪv jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈæskɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkənz əˈbaʊt ɔl ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪz ðeɪ juz tɪ gɪt ðə nuz, ðə ˈsərˌveɪ æst wət dɪˈvaɪs ər tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈpipəl prɪˈfər moʊst. ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən wɑz moʊst ˈpɑpjələr 24 pərˈsɛnt), ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈdɛskˌtɑp ər ˈlæpˌtɑp kəmˈpjutər 12 pərˈsɛnt), sɛl foʊn 12 pərˈsɛnt), ənd ˈtæblət kəmˈpjutər 4 pərˈsɛnt). ðə ˈlɑrʤəst grup, 45 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðeɪ hæv noʊ ˈprɛfərəns ɪn ðə dɪˈvaɪs ər tɛkˈnɑləʤi ðeɪ juz tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðə nuz. ðɪs səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈmɛni əˈmɛrɪkənz prɪˈfər tɪ rɪˈsiv nuz əˈkrɔs dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ˈjuzɪŋ ˌwəˈtɛvər dɪˈvaɪs ər tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz moʊst kənˈvinjənt wɪn ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðə nuz. ˈpipəl juz ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈdɪfərənt tulz tɪ faɪnd aʊt əˈbaʊt ðə nuz, bət trəst səm mɔr ðən ˈəðərz rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðə dɪˈvaɪs juzd, ˈpipəl faɪnd ər dɪˈskəvər nuz θru ˈdɪfərənt oʊld- ˈfæʃənd tɪ ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk əˈlərts ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. ðə ˈsərˌveɪ rɪˈvilz ðət moʊst əˈmɛrɪkənz ər dɪˈskəvərɪŋ nuz ɪn mɔr ðən wən weɪ. mɔr ðən hæf əv ɔl əˈmɛrɪkənz rɪˈpɔrt ˈjuzɪŋ bɪtˈwin θri ənd faɪv ˈmɛθədz əv ˌdɪˈskəvri tɪ faɪnd aʊt əˈbaʊt ðə nuz (ðə ˈævərɪʤ əˈkrɔs ɔl rɪˈspɑndənts wɑz bɪtˈwin θri ənd fɔr ˈdɪfərənt ˈmɛθədz ɪn ðə læst wik [min ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr weɪ ðət əˈmɛrɪkənz rɪˈpɔrt ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðɛr nuz ɪz dɪˈrɛkli frəm ə nuz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, səʧ ɛz ə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər, ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈnuzˌkæst, ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ər ˈnuzˌwaɪr 88 pərˈsɛnt). ˈpipəl kənˈtɪnju tɪ dɪˈskəvər nuz θru trəˈdɪʃənəl word-of*- maʊθ 65 pərˈsɛnt) ˈiðər ɪn ˈpərsən ər ˈoʊvər ðə foʊn, ənd du soʊ æt haɪər reɪts ðən mɔr ˈmɑdərn ˈmɛθədz əv ˈʃɛrɪŋ laɪk iˈmeɪl, tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤ, ər ˈəðər weɪz ˈɔnˌlaɪn 46 pərˈsɛnt), ər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə 44 pərˈsɛnt). ənd ˈrəfli hæf əv əˈmɛrɪkənz sɛd ðeɪ gɑt nuz ɪn ðə læst wik frəm sərʧ ˈɛnʤənz ənd ˈɔnˌlaɪn nuz 51 pərˈsɛnt fər iʧ). haʊ ˈpipəl dɪˈskəvərd nuz ɪn ðə læst wik bət waɪl əˈmɛrɪkənz ər dɪˈskəvərɪŋ nuz θru ə vərˈaɪəti əv minz, ðeɪ ər dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ɪn haʊ məʧ trəst ðeɪ hæv ɪn ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðeɪ gɪt frəm iʧ ˈmɛθəd. əˈmɛrɪkənz trəst ðə nuz ðeɪ hir dɪˈrɛkli frəm ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz, wɪθ 43 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈpipəl seɪɪŋ ðeɪ trəst ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əkˈwaɪərd ðɪs weɪ ˈiðər ˈvɛri məʧ ər kəmˈplitli, 44 pərˈsɛnt seɪɪŋ ðeɪ trəst ɪt ˈmɑdərətli, ənd 13 pərˈsɛnt seɪɪŋ ðeɪ ˈoʊnli trəst ɪt sˈlaɪtli ər nɑt æt ɔl. trəst ɪn ˈdɪfərənt weɪz əv dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ðə nuz bɪtˈwin dɪˈskəvərɪŋ nuz θru ər sərʧ ˈɛnʤənz, əˈmɛrɪkənz hu juz ðɛm seɪ ðeɪ hæv mɔr feɪθ ɪn sərʧ ˈɛnʤənz. ɪn ɔl, 32 pərˈsɛnt hu gɪt nuz ˈviə sərʧ seɪ ðeɪ trəst ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðeɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈiðər ˈvɛri məʧ ər kəmˈplitli kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ʤɪst 24 pərˈsɛnt hu juz nuz. ənd ˈʤɛnərəli, ˈlɛvəlz əv trəst ɪn ðə nuz dɪˈskəvərd θru ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈiðər vərˈbæli ər ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪkəˌli ər loʊ. ʤɪst 27 pərˈsɛnt seɪ ðeɪ trəst ə gʊd dil (ˈvɛri məʧ ər kəmˈplitli) ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðeɪ rɪˈsiv θru ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈʃɛrɪŋ wɪθ frɛndz, ənd 21 pərˈsɛnt hæv ˈsɪmələr ˈlɛvəlz əv trəst fər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðeɪ rɪˈsiv baɪ. ˈsɪmələrli, waɪl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt minz əv dɪˈskəvərɪŋ nuz, ˈivɪn ðoʊz hu juz ɪt brɪŋ səm ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm tɪ ɪt. ˈoʊnli 15 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈædəlts hu gɪt nuz θru ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə seɪ ðeɪ hæv haɪ ˈlɛvəlz əv trəst ɪn ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðeɪ gɪt frəm ðət minz əv ˌdɪˈskəvri. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ənd ər ðə minz əv dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ðə nuz, wɪθ 37 pərˈsɛnt əv ðoʊz hu gɑt nuz ðɪs weɪ ɪn ðə læst wik mɪˈstrəstɪŋ ər ˈtrəstɪŋ ˈoʊnli sˈlaɪtli ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ənd 33 pərˈsɛnt mɪˈstrəstɪŋ. ˈlɛvəlz əv trəst ɪn ðə nuz dɪˈskəvərd θru ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈiðər vərˈbæli ər ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪkəˌli ər loʊ. lɛs ðən ˌwənˈθərd 31 pərˈsɛnt) əv əˈmɛrɪkənz rɪˈpɔrt ðət ðeɪ dɪˈskəvərd ðə nuz ɪn ðə læst wik θru ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk nuz əˈlərts ər səbˈskrɪpʃənz saɪnd əp fər (mɔr əˈmɛrɪkənz, 47 pərˈsɛnt, rɪˈpɔrt ðət ðeɪ ˈɛvər rɪˈsiv nuz əˈlərts θru tɛkst, iˈmeɪl, ər æps), bət ðeɪ trəst ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən æt haɪər reɪts 50 pərˈsɛnt) ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər ˌdɪˈskəvri ˈmɛθəd. moʊst ˈpipəl hu gɪt nuz frəm ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk nuz əˈlərts 92 pərˈsɛnt) ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈpɔrt ˈgɪtɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən dɪˈrɛkli frəm nuz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ðət rɪˈpɔrt ðə nuz. ðə ˈsərˌveɪ ˈdætə ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊ ðə ˈpaʊərfəl kəˈnɛkʃən bɪtˈwin ðə groʊθ ɪn ˈmoʊbəl ˈɪntərˌnɛt tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. ðoʊz ˈædəlts wɪθ ə sɛl foʊn ðət kəˈnɛkts tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ər məʧ mɔr ˈlaɪkli ðən ðoʊz wɪˈθaʊt wən tɪ faɪnd nuz θru ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə 56 pərˈsɛnt ˈvərsəz. 22 pərˈsɛnt). ˈsɪmələrli, ˈædəlts wɪθ ər ˈɔlsoʊ məʧ mɔr ˈlaɪkli ðən ˈjuzərz tɪ gɪt nuz θru sərʧ ˈɛnʤənz 61 pərˈsɛnt ˈvərsəz. 31 pərˈsɛnt); ˈɔnˌlaɪn nuz 61 pərˈsɛnt ˈvərsəz. 33 pərˈsɛnt); ˈʃɛrɪŋ wɪθ frɛndz ˈviə iˈmeɪl, tɛkst, ər ˈəðər ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈmɛθədz 54 pərˈsɛnt ˈvərsəz. 29 pərˈsɛnt); ənd ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk nuz əˈlərts 38 pərˈsɛnt ˈvərsəz. 19 pərˈsɛnt). ˈsɪmələr ˈpætərnz ˈimərʤd fər ˈoʊnərz ər ˈjuzərz əv ˈtæbləts. ˈtæblət ˈoʊnərz ər ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ rɪˈpɔrt dɪˈskəvərɪŋ nuz θru ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə, sərʧ ˈɛnʤənz, ˈɔnˌlaɪn nuz, ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz wɪθ frɛndz, ənd nuz əˈlərts ðən ˈpipəl hu oʊn ˈtæbləts. mɔr ðən 6 ɪn 10 əˈmɛrɪkənz seɪ ðeɪ prɪˈfər ˈgɪtɪŋ nuz dɪˈrɛkli frəm ə nuz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈɛni ˈəðər weɪ. fər ðə moʊst pɑrt, ˈmoʊbəl ˈjuzərz ər nɑt mɔr ˈlaɪkli ðən tɪ trəst ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk minz əv dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ðə nuz. ˈlɛvəlz əv trəst ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə, sərʧ ˈɛnʤənz, ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz wɪθ frɛndz, ənd nuz əˈlərts ər ˈsɪmələr bɪtˈwin ˈjuzərz ənd. ðə wən ɪkˈsɛpʃən ɪz ðət ˈoʊnərz ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli ðən tɪ seɪ ðeɪ trəst nuz frəm ˈɔnˌlaɪn 27 pərˈsɛnt ˈvərsəz. 17 pərˈsɛnt). waɪl ˈpipəl juz ˈdɪfərənt ˈmidiə fər nuz iʧ wik, ənd ˈoʊnli hæf ɪkˈsprɛs ə ˈprɛfərəns fər ə dɪˈvaɪs, moʊst əˈmɛrɪkənz du kɛr əˈbaʊt ðə minz əv ˌdɪˈskəvri, ər wɛr ðeɪ fərst hir ðə nuz. mɔr ðən 6 ɪn 10 əˈmɛrɪkənz 61 pərˈsɛnt) seɪ ðeɪ prɪˈfər ˈgɪtɪŋ nuz dɪˈrɛkli frəm ə nuz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈɛni ˈəðər weɪ. ðət ˈprɛfərəns dwɔrfs ɔl ˈəðər ˌdɪˈskəvri ˈmɛθədz. ˈɛvəri ˈəðər minz əv dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ðə nuz wɑz prɪˈfərd baɪ fjuər ðən 1 ɪn 10 ˈædəlts, wɪθ sərʧ ˈɛnʤənz 7 pərˈsɛnt), ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈpəblɪʃərz ðət ˈmoʊstli ˈkɑmbaɪn nuz frəm ˈəðər ˈsɔrsəz 7 pərˈsɛnt), ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə 4 pərˈsɛnt), ɪn ˈɔrdər əv ˈprɛfərəns. ˈsɪmələrli, waɪl əˈmɛrɪkənz saɪt ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk nuz əˈlərts ɛz ə ˈhaɪli ˈtrəstɪd ˈmɛθəd əv dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ðə nuz, ˈoʊnli 3 pərˈsɛnt ˌvɑlənˈtɪr nuz əˈlərts ɛz ðɛr moʊst prɪˈfərd weɪ tɪ dɪˈskəvər ðə nuz. (ˈnoʊtəbli, ˈnɪrli ˈɛvriˌwən, 92 pərˈsɛnt, hu gɪts nuz frəm ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk nuz əˈlərts ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈpɔrts ˈgɪtɪŋ nuz dɪˈrɛkli frəm nuz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz.) ɪn ˈpərsən ər ˈoʊvər ðə foʊn 2 pərˈsɛnt) ənd ˈʃɛrɪŋ nuz wɪθ frɛndz θru iˈmeɪl, tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤ, ər ˈəðər weɪz ˈɔnˌlaɪn 1 pərˈsɛnt) ər ˈsaɪtɪd baɪ ˈvɛri fju əˈmɛrɪkənz ɛz ðɛr moʊst prɪˈfərd weɪ tɪ gɪt ðɛr nuz. haʊ ˈpipəl prɪˈfər tɪ faɪnd nuz ˈpipəl ər dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ɪn tərmz əv ðə sɔrs əv ðə nuz ənd huz nuz ðeɪ trəst bɪɔnd ðə weɪ ɪn wɪʧ əˈmɛrɪkənz dɪˈskəvər ðə nuz ənd ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪz ðeɪ juz tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ɪt, ˈpipəl ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈʧɔɪsɪz ɪn ðə sɔrs əv ðɛr nuz ðə taɪp əv nuz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən duɪŋ ðə rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ðət ðeɪ tərn tɪ. ənd, wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ hu dɪz ðə rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ, əˈmɛrɪkənz tɛnd tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ə ˈsɪŋgəl sɔrs. ðə ˈsərˌveɪ faɪndz ðət ðə ˈævərɪʤ əˈmɛrɪkən rɪˈkɔld ˈgɪtɪŋ ðɛr nuz frəm bɪtˈwin fɔr ənd faɪv əv eɪt ˈdɪfərənt taɪps əv nuz ˈsɔrsəz ɪn ðə læst wik (min ənd, ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə weɪ ðeɪ dɪˈskəvər nuz, nuz kənˈsumərz dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪt bɪtˈwin rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈsɔrsəz ɪn tərmz əv ðɛr ˈlɛvəl əv trəst. ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən nuz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ər ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr nuz sɔrs fər əˈmɛrɪkənz. ˈwɛðər frəm ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈbrɔdˌkæst ər ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, 93 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz seɪ ðeɪ juzd səm kaɪnd ə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən nuz ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ɛz ə sɔrs əv nuz ɪn ðə læst wik. əˈməŋ ðə ˈdɪfərənt taɪps əv ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən nuz, mɔr əˈmɛrɪkənz 82 pərˈsɛnt) tərn tɪ ðɛr ˈloʊkəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən nuz ˈsteɪʃənz ˈiðər θru ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈbrɔdˌkæst ər ˈɔnˌlaɪn ðən əˈnəðər ˈəðər taɪp. ˈsaɪzəbəl məˈʤɔrɪtiz ˈɔlsoʊ saɪt ðə θri ˈnæʃənəl ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈbrɔdˌkæst nuz ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz 73 pərˈsɛnt) ɪn ðɛr ˈvɛriəs fɔrmz ənd ˈkeɪbəl nuz ˈʧænəlz 62 pərˈsɛnt) səʧ ɛz fɑks nuz, ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn, ər ɛz ˈsɔrsəz əv nuz, ˈiðər ɔn ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ər ˈdɪʤətəli. ə məˈʤɔrəti əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈɔlsoʊ saɪt ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈkɑntɛnt ɪn ɪts ˈvɛriəs fɔrmz 66 pərˈsɛnt) ənd nuz rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈsɔrsəz 56 pərˈsɛnt) ɛz nuz ˈsɔrsəz ðeɪ ˈækˌsɛst ɪn ðə pæst wik. sˈlaɪtli lɛs ðən hæf əv əˈmɛrɪkənz 47 pərˈsɛnt) seɪ ðeɪ juzd rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈsɔrsəz səʧ ɛz ˈjɑˌhu! nuz, buzzfeed*, ðə ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst, ər ˈəðər blɔgz ɪn ðə læst wik. pərˈsɛnt rɪˈpɔrt ˈjuzɪŋ ˈmægəˌzinz prɪnt ər ˈɔnˌlaɪn ɛz ə sɔrs əv nuz ɪn ðə læst wik. ənd, ə θərd əv əˈmɛrɪkənz seɪ ðeɪ naʊ gɪt nuz frəm waɪər ˈsərvɪsɪz səʧ ɛz ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs (ˌeɪˈpi) ər ˈrɔɪtərz, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət wɑz nɑt ˈizi tɪ du dɪˈrɛkli ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. wət nuz ˈsɔrsəz ˈpipəl ɪnˈkaʊnər tɪ iʧ wik jɛt ˈpipəl hæv ˈvɛriɪŋ ˈlɛvəlz əv trəst ɪn ðiz ˈdɪfərənt ˈsɔrsəz, ənd, fər ðə moʊst pɑrt, ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt hæf ər lɛs əv əˈmɛrɪkənz seɪ ðeɪ ˈvɛri məʧ ər kəmˈplitli trəst ˈɛni əv ðiz ˈsɔrsəz. ˈoʊvərˌɔl, əˈmɛrɪkənz rɪˈpɔrt ðət ðeɪ trəst ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðeɪ gɪt frəm ˈloʊkəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən nuz ˈsteɪʃənz tɪ ə ˈgreɪtər dɪˈgri ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər sɔrs əv nuz, wɪθ 52 pərˈsɛnt hu sik aʊt ˈloʊkəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən nuz seɪɪŋ ðət ðeɪ trəst ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈvɛri məʧ ər kəmˈplitli. æt ˈsɪmələr ˈlɛvəlz, 51 pərˈsɛnt əv ðoʊz hu juz ðə ˈnuzˌwaɪrz seɪ ðeɪ trəst ðɛm, 48 pərˈsɛnt trəst ˈreɪdiˌoʊ nuz, ənd 47 pərˈsɛnt trəst ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz ənd ðə θri ˈbrɔdˌkæst ˈnɛtˌwərks, ˈɛnˌbiˈsi, ˈeɪˌbiˌsi, ənd ˈsiˌbiˌɛs. pərˈsɛnt əv ðoʊz hu juz ˈkeɪbəl nuz seɪ ðeɪ hæv ə haɪ ˈlɛvəl əv trəst ɪn ɪt. ˈjuzərz əv ˈmægəˌzinz (prɪnt ər ˈɔnˌlaɪn) ɛz ə sɔrs əv nuz rɪˈpɔrt sˈlaɪtli mɔr ˈmɑdəst ˈlɛvəlz əv trəst 40 pərˈsɛnt kəmˈplitli ər ˈvɛri məʧ). ˈsɔrsəz əv ðə nuz səʧ ɛz ˈjɑˌhu! nuz, buzzfeed*, ər ðə ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst, ənd blɔgz ˈgɑrnər loʊər ˈlɛvəlz əv trəst. wən ɪn 4 ˈjuzərz əv ðiz nuz ˈsɔrsəz seɪ ðeɪ trəst ðɛm kəmˈplitli ər ˈvɛri məʧ, waɪl 1 ɪn 5 ˈjuzərz seɪ ðeɪ trəst ðɛm ˈoʊnli sˈlaɪtli ər nɑt æt ɔl. ˈlɛvəlz əv trəst ɪn ˈdɪfərənt nuz ˈsɔrsəz ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ˈpipəl naʊ tɛnd tɪ trəst nuz ˈsɔrsəz ðət ʃɛr ðɛr pɔɪnt əv vju, ˈteɪkən təˈgɛðər ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋz səˈʤɛst ðət reɪts əv trəst ər haɪəst fər nuz ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ðət hæv lɛs ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl əˈpɪnjən bɪlt ˈɪntu ðɛr ˈmɑdəl, səʧ ɛz ˈloʊkəl ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən nuz ənd waɪər ˈsərvɪsɪz. əˈgɛn ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋz səˈʤɛst ðət nuz kənˈsumərz wɪθ ə ˈplɛθərə əv ˈʧɔɪsɪz ər dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈsɔrsəz ðət fɪt ðɛr ˈhæbəts. fər ˈɪnstəns, əˈmɛrɪkənz hu rɪˈpɔrt ðət ðeɪ wɔʧ, rɛd, ər hir ðə nuz æt list wəns ə deɪ ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli ðən ˈəðərz tɪ saɪt ə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən nuz ˈʧænəl ɛz ə rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ sɔrs ðeɪ juz 67 pərˈsɛnt ˈvərsəz. 50 pərˈsɛnt). ˈdeɪli nuz kənˈsumərz ər ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr ˈlaɪkli ðən ˈəðərz tɪ saɪt ˈgɪtɪŋ nuz frəm ˈreɪdiˌoʊ nuz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz 60 pərˈsɛnt ˈvərsəz. 47 pərˈsɛnt) ənd ˈnuzˌwaɪrz səʧ ɛz ˌeɪˈpi ər ˈrɔɪtərz 37 pərˈsɛnt ˈvərsəz. 21 pərˈsɛnt). nuz kənˈsumərz wɪθ ə ˈplɛθərə əv ˈʧɔɪsɪz ər dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈsɔrsəz ðət fɪt ðɛr ˈhæbəts. ˈfərðər, ˈkeɪbəl nuz kənˈsumərz ər ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ seɪ ðeɪ gɪt nuz ðə day”*” ˈrəðər ðən æt dɪˈfaɪnd taɪmz əv deɪ. ˈnɪrli 73 pərˈsɛnt) əv ˈkeɪbəl nuz kənˈsumərz seɪ ðeɪ prɪˈfər tɪ wɔʧ, rɛd, ər hir ðə nuz θruaʊt ðə deɪ, sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli haɪər ðən ðoʊz hu seɪ ðə morning”*” 58 pərˈsɛnt), ðə evening”*” 56 pərˈsɛnt), ər læst θɪŋ æt night”*” 51 pərˈsɛnt). ˈsɪmələrli, ðoʊz hu gɪt nuz frəm ˈnuzˌwaɪrz səʧ ɛz ˌeɪˈpi ər ˈrɔɪtərz tɛnd tɪ bi kənˈtɪnjuəs nuz kənˈsumərz 42 pərˈsɛnt θruaʊt ðə deɪ ˈvərsəz. 32 pərˈsɛnt ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ, 25 pərˈsɛnt ɪn ðə ˈivnɪŋ, ənd 26 pərˈsɛnt læst θɪŋ æt naɪt). ˈmoʊbəl tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ˈsɪmələrli, ˈkɔrələts wɪθ ˈhɛviər juz əv ˌnɑntrəˈdɪʃənəl ˈsɔrsəz. ˈpipəl wɪθ ə ər məʧ mɔr ˈlaɪkli ðən ðoʊz hu du nɑt hæv tɪ seɪ ðeɪ gɪt nuz frəm ˈsɔrsəz laɪk ˈjɑˌhu! nuz, buzzfeed*, ðə ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst, ər ˈəðər blɔgz 58 pərˈsɛnt ˈvərsəz. 26 pərˈsɛnt). ˈmoʊbəl nuz kənˈsumərz ər ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr ˈlaɪkli ðən ˈəðərz tɪ seɪ ðeɪ gɪt nuz dɪˈrɛkli frəm ˈnuzˌwaɪrz səʧ ɛz ðə ˌeɪˈpi ər ˈrɔɪtərz 36 pərˈsɛnt ˈvərsəz. 27 pərˈsɛnt).

how americans get their news americans are accessing the news throughout the day and across devices for many americans, keeping up with the news is an activity that occurs throughout the day and across different formats, devices, and technologies. when asked when they prefer to watch, read, or hear news, a plurality (33 percent) report following the news all throughout the day. a smaller but sizable number of americans continue to prefer to follow the news in the morning (24 percent) and in the evening (26 percent), while still lesser numbers say they most often get news in the afternoon (4 percent) and right before bed (9 percent). “ people who own and use more devices are no more or less likely to use print publications, television, or radio to access the news. ” is there a particular time that people go for more in-depth news, beyond the headlines? overall, 4 in 10 americans report that they delved deeper into a particular news subject beyond the headlines in the last week. when they did, that in-depth reading, watching, or listening followed a similar pattern to news consumption generally, with a plurality (34 percent) saying there is no particular time they prefer to read in-depth news. that finding challenges the notion that while americans may get headlines continuously, they reserve the evening for learning more. in addition, a slightly larger number, 49 percent of adults, said they delved deeper to learn more about the last breaking news story they paid attention to, though time of day was not probed for this, given that news may break at any time. time of day when people get their news americans follow the news on a wide variety of devices, including through television, radio, print versions of newspapers and magazines, computers, cell phones, tablets, e-readers, and devices such as an xbox or playstation that link the internet to a television. americans on average reported that, during the past week, they followed the news using four different devices or technologies. the most frequently utilized devices include television (87 percent), laptops/computers (69 percent), radio (65 percent), and print newspapers or magazines (61 percent). most americans use many media devices for news among all adult americans, 56 percent reported using a cell phone and 29 percent reported using a tablet to access news in the last week. (that represents 78 percent of the 69 percent americans who own a smartphone, and 73 percent of the 39 percent of americans who own or use a tablet device). only 10 percent of americans reported using an e-reader to get their news in the last week and 11 percent reported using a smart tv to follow the news in the last week. traditional media remain important even for those americans with the most gadgets. people who own and use more devices are no more or less likely to use print publications, television, or radio to access the news. for example, 62 percent of people who use only one internet enabled device say they used the print version of a publication to get news in the last week, as do 60 percent of those who use three or more mobile devices. “ many americans prefer to receive news across devices, using whatever device or technology is most convenient when they want to follow the news. ” however, as the number of devices a person owns increases, they are more likely to report that they enjoy keeping up with the news and are more likely to say that it’s easier to keep up with the news today than it was five years ago. in addition to asking americans about all the devices they use to get the news, the survey asked what device or technology people prefer most. television was most popular (24 percent), followed by desktop or laptop computer (12 percent), cell phone (12 percent), and tablet computer (4 percent). the largest group, 45 percent of americans indicate that they have no preference in the device or technology they use to follow the news. this suggests that many americans prefer to receive news across devices, using whatever device or technology is most convenient when they want to follow the news. people use a number of different tools to find out about the news, but trust some more than others regardless of the device used, people find or discover news through different means—from old- fashioned word-of-mouth to electronic alerts and social media. the survey reveals that most americans are discovering news in more than one way. more than half of all americans report using between three and five methods of discovery to find out about the news (the average across all respondents was between three and four different methods in the last week [mean =3.8]). the most popular way that americans report finding their news is directly from a news organization, such as a newspaper, tv newscast, website, or newswire (88 percent). people continue to discover news through traditional word-of- mouth (65 percent) either in person or over the phone, and do so at higher rates than more modern methods of sharing like email, text message, or other ways online (46 percent), or social media (44 percent). and roughly half of americans said they got news in the last week from search engines and online news aggregators (51 percent for each). how people discovered news in the last week but while americans are discovering news through a variety of means, they are discriminating in how much trust they have in the information they get from each method. americans trust the news they hear directly from news-gathering organizations, with 43 percent of people saying they trust the information acquired this way either very much or completely, 44 percent saying they trust it moderately, and 13 percent saying they only trust it slightly or not at all. people’s trust in different ways of discovering the news between discovering news through aggregators or search engines, americans who use them say they have more faith in search engines. in all, 32 percent who get news via search say they trust the information they provide either very much or completely compared to just 24 percent who use news aggregators. and generally, levels of trust in the news discovered through sharing — either verbally or electronically — are low. just 27 percent say they trust a good deal (very much or completely) the information they receive through electronic sharing with friends, and 21 percent have similar levels of trust for information they receive by word-of-mouth. similarly, while social media is becoming an important means of discovering news, even those who use it bring some skepticism to it. only 15 percent of adults who get news through social media say they have high levels of trust in information they get from that means of discovery. social media and word-of-mouth are the least-trusted means of discovering the news, with 37 percent of those who got news this way in the last week mistrusting or trusting only slightly social media and 33 percent mistrusting word-of-mouth. “ levels of trust in the news discovered through sharing — either verbally or electronically — are low. ” less than one-third (31 percent) of americans report that they discovered the news in the last week through electronic news alerts or subscriptions they’ve signed up for (more americans, 47 percent, report that they ever receive news alerts through text, email, or apps), but they trust this information at higher rates (50 percent) than any other discovery method. most people who get news from electronic news alerts (92 percent) also report getting information directly from news organizations that report the news. the survey data also show the powerful connection between the growth in mobile internet technology and social media. those adults with a cell phone that connects to the internet are much more likely than those without one to find news through social media (56 percent vs. 22 percent). similarly, adults with smartphones are also much more likely than non-mobile users to get news through search engines (61 percent vs. 31 percent); online news aggregators (61 percent vs. 33 percent); sharing with friends via email, text, or other online methods (54 percent vs. 29 percent); and electronic news alerts (38 percent vs. 19 percent). similar patterns emerged for owners or users of tablets. tablet owners are also more likely to report discovering news through social media, search engines, online news aggregators, electronic communications with friends, and news alerts than people who don’t own tablets. “ more than 6 in 10 americans say they prefer getting news directly from a news organization compared with any other way. ” for the most part, mobile users are not more likely than non-users to trust electronic means of discovering the news. levels of trust in social media, search engines, electronic communications with friends, and news alerts are similar between users and non-users. the one exception is that smartphone owners are more likely than non-owners to say they trust news from online aggregators (27 percent vs. 17 percent). while people use different media for news each week, and only half express a preference for a device, most americans do care about the means of discovery, or where they first hear the news. more than 6 in 10 americans (61 percent) say they prefer getting news directly from a news organization compared with any other way. that preference dwarfs all other discovery methods. every other means of discovering the news was preferred by fewer than 1 in 10 adults, with search engines (7 percent), online publishers that mostly combine news from other sources (7 percent), and social media (4 percent), in order of preference. similarly, while americans cite electronic news alerts as a highly trusted method of discovering the news, only 3 percent volunteer news alerts as their most preferred way to discover the news. (notably, nearly everyone, 92 percent, who gets news from electronic news alerts also reports getting news directly from news organizations.) word-of-mouth in person or over the phone (2 percent) and sharing news with friends through email, text message, or other ways online (1 percent) are cited by very few americans as their most preferred way to get their news. how people prefer to find news people are discriminating in terms of the source of the news and whose news they trust beyond the way in which americans discover the news and the devices they use to access it, people also have choices in the source of their news — the type of news organization doing the reporting that they turn to. and, when it comes to who does the reporting, americans don’t tend to rely on a single source. the survey finds that the average american recalled getting their news from between four and five of eight different types of news sources in the last week (mean = 4.56). and, similar to the way they discover news, news consumers discriminate between reporting sources in terms of their level of trust. television news organizations are the most popular news source for americans. whether from the tv broadcast or the station’s website, 93 percent of americans say they used some kind a tv news operation as a source of news in the last week. among the different types of tv news, more americans (82 percent) turn to their local tv news stations either through the tv broadcast or online than another other type. sizeable majorities also cite the three national network broadcast news operations (73 percent) in their various forms and 24-hour cable news channels (62 percent) — such as fox news, cnn, or msnbc — as sources of news, either on television or digitally. a majority of americans also cite newspaper content in its various forms (66 percent) and radio-based news reporting sources (56 percent) as news sources they accessed in the past week. slightly less than half of americans (47 percent) say they used online-only reporting sources such as yahoo! news, buzzfeed, the huffington post, or other blogs in the last week. thirty-seven percent report using magazines — print or online — as a source of news in the last week. and, a third of americans say they now get news from wire services such as the associated press (ap) or reuters, something that was not easy to do directly before the internet. what news sources people encounter to each week yet people have varying levels of trust in these different sources, and, for the most part, only about half or less of americans say they very much or completely trust any of these sources. overall, americans report that they trust the information they get from local tv news stations to a greater degree than any other source of news, with 52 percent who seek out local tv news saying that they trust the information very much or completely. at similar levels, 51 percent of those who use the newswires say they trust them, 48 percent trust radio news, and 47 percent trust newspapers and the three broadcast networks, nbc, abc, and cbs. forty-four percent of those who use cable news say they have a high level of trust in it. users of magazines (print or online) as a source of news report slightly more modest levels of trust (40 percent completely or very much). online-only sources of the news such as yahoo! news, buzzfeed, or the huffington post, and blogs garner lower levels of trust. one in 4 users of these news sources say they trust them completely or very much, while 1 in 5 users say they trust them only slightly or not at all. levels of trust in different news sources contrary to the idea that people now tend to trust news sources that share their point of view, taken together the findings suggest that rates of trust are highest for news operations that have less editorial opinion built into their model, such as local television news and wire services. again the findings suggest that news consumers with a plethora of choices are discriminating — utilizing sources that fit their habits. for instance, americans who report that they watch, read, or hear the news at least once a day are more likely than others to cite a 24-hour tv news channel as a reporting source they use (67 percent vs. 50 percent). daily news consumers are also more likely than others to cite getting news from radio news organizations (60 percent vs. 47 percent) and newswires such as ap or reuters (37 percent vs. 21 percent). “ news consumers with a plethora of choices are discriminating — utilizing sources that fit their habits. ” further, cable news consumers are also more likely to say they get news “throughout the day” rather than at defined times of day. nearly three-fourths (73 percent) of cable news consumers say they prefer to watch, read, or hear the news throughout the day, significantly higher than those who say “in the morning” (58 percent), “in the evening” (56 percent), or “the last thing at night” (51 percent). similarly, those who get news from newswires such as ap or reuters tend to be continuous news consumers (42 percent throughout the day vs. 32 percent in the morning, 25 percent in the evening, and 26 percent last thing at night). mobile technology, similarly, correlates with heavier use of non-traditional sources. people with a smartphone are much more likely than those who do not have smartphones to say they get news from online-only sources like yahoo! news, buzzfeed, the huffington post, or other blogs (58 percent vs. 26 percent). mobile news consumers are also more likely than others to say they get news directly from newswires such as the ap or reuters (36 percent vs. 27 percent).

ˈræli ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz ɪnˈfleɪt ə trəmp ˈʧɪkən ˌbiˈfɔr tæks deɪ ˈræli ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, ˈkælɪf., ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈeɪprəl 15 2017 ˈræli ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz ɪnˈfleɪt ə trəmp ˈʧɪkən ˌbiˈfɔr tæks deɪ ˈræli ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, ˈkælɪf., ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈeɪprəl 15 2017 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: skɑt strazzante*, ðə ˈkrɑnɪkəl baɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: skɑt strazzante*, ðə ˈkrɑnɪkəl ˈɪmɪʤ 1 əv 15 ˈkæpʃən kloʊz plænz ˌəndərˈweɪ tɪ floʊt ɪnˈfleɪtəbəl trəmp ˈʧɪkən əˈkrɔs sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ beɪ ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈræli 1 15 bæk tɪ ˈgæləri plænz ər ˌəndərˈweɪ tɪ floʊt ə ˈmæsɪv ɪnˈfleɪtəbəl ˈʧɪkən rɪˈzɛmbəlɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp əˈkrɔs sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ beɪ ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈræli æt fild ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. ə kæmˈpeɪn tɪ reɪz ˈməni fər ə bɑrʤ ˈrɛntəl, kru ənd ˈəðər ɪkˈspɛnsɪz sərˈpæst ɪts ˌɪˈnɪʃəl goʊl əv ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, 15 aʊərz ˈæftər biɪŋ ˈpoʊstɪd. "ðiz ˈnɑtsi ˈsɪmpəˌθaɪzərz wɔnt tɪ juz ðə ˈsɪmbəl əv ðə ˈgoʊldən geɪt brɪʤ tɪ prəˈmoʊt ðɛr kɔz ənd wɪr nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ lɛt ðɛm du ɪt," sɪz dəˈnɛl ˈmɔrtən əv vɑˈleɪjoʊ, wən əv ðə ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz əv ðə ɪˈvɛnt. "wɪr goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ bɔm ðɛm soʊ ˈɛvəri taɪm ˈsəmˌwən traɪz tɪ teɪk ə ˈpɪkʧər ðə trəmp ˈʧɪkən ɪz ðɛr." ˈmɔrtən ənd hər pɪrz ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlpt ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ðə ˈeɪprəl 15 tæks mɑrʧ ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ wɛr ðə fərst əˈpɪrd ɪn frənt əv ˈsɪti hɔl, ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈproʊˌtɛst dɪˈmændɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt riˈlis hɪz tæks rɪˈtərnz. ˈmɔrtən ˈwɔntɪd ə ˈmæˌskɑt fər ðə ɪˈvɛnt, ənd waɪl ˈbraʊzɪŋ ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt alibaba*, ʃi keɪm əˈkrɔs ən ɪnˈfleɪtəbəl ˈʧɪkən dɪˈzaɪnd baɪ siˈætəl ˈɑrtɪst ˈkeɪsi ˈlætiəleɪ fər jɪr əv ðə ˈrustər ˈlunər ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən. grups ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈəðər tæks ˈmɑrʧɪz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri ˈpərʧəst bəˈlunz ɪn ˈvɛriəs ˈsaɪzɪz ɛz wɛl ənd ðə trəmp ˈʧɪkən bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈsɪmbəl əv dɪskənˈtɛnt eɪmd æt ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt. wən əv ðə ˈpləki əˈpɪrd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə waɪt haʊs ɔn ˈɔgəst. 9 (si ˈvɪdioʊ əˈbəv). ˈmɔrtən sɪz ðə ˈʧɪkənz ˈpərpəs ɪz tɪ meɪk ˈpipəl læf ˈdʊrɪŋ wət ʃi kɔlz ə "ˈpɪriəd əv əˈprɛʃən." "soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl aɪ noʊ ər seɪɪŋ aɪ kænt ˈlɪsən tɪ ðə nuz ˌɛniˈmɔr, aɪ kænt ˈtɑlərˌeɪt ðət," ˈmɔrtən sɛd. "bət ju kænt du ðət ɪf ju ˈrɪli kɛr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkəntri. ju hæv tɪ faɪt fər wəts raɪt bət ju gɪt ɪgˈzɔstɪd. ˈhjumər ɪnˈgeɪʤɪz ju ənd pʊts ju bæk ɪn paʊər." "ju maɪt fil əˈprɛst, bət ɪf ju kən stænd bæk ənd seɪ lʊk æt ðiz ˈstupɪd ʤərks wɪθ ðɛr ˌpɑmˈpɑsɪti ju gɪt tɪ læf ənd ju doʊnt lɛt ðɛm dɪˈfaɪn ðə wərld." ðə kæmˈpeɪn wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli lɔnʧt ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt wɪθ ə goʊl əv ˈreɪzɪŋ ˈæftər ðət əˈmaʊnt wɑz riʧt, ðə goʊl wɑz ˌɪnˈkrist tɪ ɛz əv ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, hæd bɪn ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd frəm 239 ˈsɔrsəz. ðə plæn ɪz fər ə boʊt tɪ ˈkɛri ðə ˈʧɪkən ˈɪntu ðə beɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈræli stɑrts æt 2 p.m*. ənd kənˈtɪnju tɪ floʊt əraʊnd fər æt list fɔr aʊərz. ðə ˈnæʃənəl pɑrk ˈsərvɪsɪz əˈpruvəl əv ə ˈpərˌmɪt fər ðə ˈræli wɑz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl, wɪθ sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ meɪər ɛd li seɪɪŋ hi wɑz ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ðə ˈræli wɑz əˈlaʊd tɪ pərˈsid. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈkrɑnɪkəl: "ðə ɪˈvɛnt, dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðə ˈpərˌmɪt ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ɛz ə 'free-speech*' ˈræli fər əˈbaʊt 300 ˈpipəl, rənz frəm 2 tɪ 5 p.m*. ˈpeɪtriət prɛr həz ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ɪt dɪz nɑt prəˈmoʊt ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ər ˈbɪgətri, traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈdɪstəns ˌɪtˈsɛlf frəm waɪt suˈprɛməsɪsts hu ˈgæðərd ɪn ˈʃɑrlətsˌvɪl ˌbiˈfɔr ən ˈproʊˌtɛstər wɑz kɪld, bət ðə grups pæst ɪˈvɛnts hæv drɔn ˈpipəl ɪˈspaʊzɪŋ ˈheɪtfəl vjuz. rɛd fʊl ˈɑrtɪkəl

rally organizers inflate a trump chicken before tax day rally in san francisco, calif., on saturday, april 15, 2017. rally organizers inflate a trump chicken before tax day rally in san francisco, calif., on saturday, april 15, 2017. photo: scott strazzante, the chronicle buy photo photo: scott strazzante, the chronicle image 1 of / 15 caption close plans underway to float inflatable trump chicken across san francisco bay during far-right rally 1 / 15 back to gallery plans are underway to float a massive inflatable chicken resembling president donald trump across san francisco bay during a far-right rally at crissy field on saturday. a gofundme campaign to raise money for a barge rental, crew and other chicken-related expenses surpassed its initial goal of $5,000 thursday morning, 15 hours after being posted. "these alt-right nazi sympathizers want to use the symbol of the golden gate bridge to promote their cause and we're not going to let them do it," says danelle morton of vallejo, one of the organizers of the event. "we're going to photo bomb them so every time someone tries to take a picture the trump chicken is there." morton and her peers also helped organize the april 15 tax march in san francisco where the 30-foot-fowl first appeared in front of city hall, during the protest demanding the president release his tax returns. morton wanted a mascot for the event, and while browsing the website alibaba, she came across an inflatable chicken designed by seattle artist casey latiolais for year of the rooster lunar celebration. groups organizing other tax marches across the country purchased balloons in various sizes as well and the trump chicken became a symbol of discontent aimed at the 45th president. one of the plucky inflatables appeared outside the white house on aug. 9 (see video above). morton says the chicken's purpose is to make people laugh during what she calls a "period of oppression." "so many people i know are saying i can't listen to the news anymore, i can't tolerate that," morton said. "but you can't do that if you really care about the country. you have to fight for what's right but you get exhausted. humor engages you and puts you back in power." "you might feel oppressed, but if you can stand back and say look at these stupid jerks with their pomposity you get to laugh and you don't let them define the world." the campaign was initially launched on wednesday night with a goal of raising $5,000. after that amount was reached, the goal was increased to $8,000. as of thursday morning, $6,355 had been donated from 239 sources. the plan is for a boat to carry the chicken into the bay before the right-wing rally starts at 2 p.m. and continue to float around for at least four hours. the national park service's approval of a permit for the rally was controversial, with san francisco mayor ed lee saying he was disappointed the rally was allowed to proceed. according to the san francisco chronicle: "the event, described in the permit application as a 'free-speech' rally for about 300 people, runs from 2 to 5 p.m. patriot prayer has insisted it does not promote racism or bigotry, trying to distance itself from white supremacists who gathered in charlottesville before an antiracism protester was killed, but the group's past events have drawn people espousing hateful views. read full article

ɔl frəm, hoʊld əp. lʊk æt ðɪs ˈbeɪbi. ɪt ɪz əˈdɔrəbəl. ɪts ˈkɪndə bɪg fər ə ˈbeɪbi bət əm ˈkɪndə bɪg tu soʊ wi kul. aɪ eɪt ə ˈsænwɪʧ əv ˈsɪmələr saɪz wɪn wi wər ɪn ðə ˈɛləˌveɪtər. pərˈhæps ju ˈnoʊtɪst. fər ril, aɪ hoʊp ɪt doʊnt ɔn mi ðoʊ. heɪ ˈlɛmə æsk ju, wɛrd ju gɪt ðɛm læb koʊts? ˈpipəl rɪˈspɛkt ə dud ɪn ə læb koʊt soʊ ˈmeɪbi aɪ kʊd wɛr wən ɔn ðə ˈsaɪˌdlaɪn. pləs ðeɪ lʊk slɪk. du hæv wən ɪn xxxxxxl*? oʊ ˈsɑri wi ər ə ˈpɪkʧər. heɪ ˈʤɑrvɪs ʧɛk ɪt mæn wi ər sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˈtaɪni dɪˈsɪntrɪstɪd ˈpipəl. soʊ ðɪs ɪz wət ɪts laɪk tɪ pleɪ ɔn dɪˈfɛns ooooooooooh*.. lʊk æt ðiz gləvz. ðiz gləvz ər ˈlævəndər. ðiz ər ˈlævəndər gləvz. ðɪs ɪz bloʊɪŋ maɪ maɪnd raɪt naʊ. ˈʤɑrvɪs, ju si ðɪs mæn? wi ər ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈlævəndər gləvz æt ðɪs ˈvɛri ˈmoʊmənt. ˈlævəndər ɪz maɪ. ənd hu ˈdəzənt laɪk gləvz. ɪkˈskjuz mi nərs? pliz kən aɪ hæv ə bɑks əv ðiz ˈlævəndər gləvz tɪ teɪk hoʊm? [ɪz ˈgɪvɪn bɑks] jæ! kænt weɪt tɪ ʃoʊ ðiz ˈlævəndər gləvz tɪ ðə tim. oʊ maɪ gɑd ðɪs gərl ɪz faɪn. bi kul jadeveon*. ju ər ə ənd ɔn ə fæst træk tɪ ˈmɛgə ˈstɑrdəm. ju gɑt noʊ ˈrizən tɪ bi ˈnərvəs ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt ɪz mɪs ˈtɛksəs. mæn haʊ ɪz ˈʤɑrvɪs ˈɔlˌweɪz soʊ dæm smuð. aɪ nid tɪ gɪt smuð ˈlɛsənz frəm ɪm laɪk ɪn hɪʧ. aɪ noʊ waɪ ðeɪ toʊld mi tɪ pʊt ðɪs ˈprɛtzəl roʊl ɔn maɪ hɛd bət wɪr hir tɪ hæv fən raɪt? hoʊld əp ðɪs ɪz ə ˈhɛlmət? ðæts ˈkreɪzi. wʊd daɪ laɪk 4 taɪmz ˈɛvəri geɪm ɪf wi stɪl juzd ðiz θɪŋz. ˈprɑbəˌbli stɪl ˈseɪfər ðən ˈəndər ˈɑrmər ðoʊ.

all pics from @gamecockfb yall, hold up. look at this baby. it is adorable. it's kinda big for a baby but i'm kinda big too so we cool. i ate a sandwich of similar size when we were in the elevator. perhaps you noticed. for real, i hope it don't sh*t on me tho. hey yall lemme ask you, where'd you get them lab coats? people respect a dude in a lab coat so maybe i could wear one on the sideline. plus they look slick. do yall have one in xxxxxxl? oh sorry we are takin a picture. hey jarvis check it man we are surrounded by tiny disinterested people. so this is what it's like to play on clemsons defense ooooooooooh. sh*t. look at these gloves. these gloves are lavender. these are lavender gloves. this is blowing my mind right now. jarvis, you see this man? we are wearing lavender gloves at this very moment. lavender is my sh*t. and who doesn't like gloves. excuse me nurse? please can i have a box of these lavender gloves to take home? [is given box] oooooh yeah! cant wait to show these lavender gloves to the team. oh my god this girl is fine. be cool jadeveon. you are a godlike 6'5" and on a fast track to mega stardom. you got no reason to be nervous even if it is miss texas. man how is jarvis always so damn smooth. i need to get smooth lessons from him like in hitch. i dont know why they told me to put this pretzel roll on my head but we're here to have fun right? hold up this is a helmet? that's crazy. dj would die like 4 times every game if we still used these things. probably still safer than under armor tho.

ə faɪər ɪz biɪŋ ˌriˈpɔrtəd æt ðə ʤɑn ˈhænˌkɑk ˈsɛnər ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ə ˈskaɪˌskreɪpər ənd ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ðə juz. ˈtʊrɪsts ənd ˈɔnˌlʊkərz hæv bɪn ˈpoʊstɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðə bleɪz ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə, wɪθ səm ˈjuzərz rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ðət ðə faɪər ɪz ɔn ðə flɔr. ˈhænˌkɑk taʊər ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ɪz ɔn faɪər. ˈɛni aɪˈdiə wət ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔn? @ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˈʤeɪsən kɪd noʊˈvɛmbər 21 2015 faɪərz ˈgɪtɪŋ wərs æt ʤɑn ˈhænˌkɑk ˈbɪldɪŋ ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ (@therealtblake*) noʊˈvɛmbər 21 2015 wi hæv riʧt aʊt tɪ ðə ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd wɪl ˈəpˌdeɪt ðɪs poʊst wɪn wi hir bæk. ˈəpˌdeɪt p.m*. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən, ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz hæv ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ðə faɪər. æt list wən ˈpərsən wɑz ˈɪnʤərd, ənd həz bɪn ˈteɪkən tɪ ˌnɔrθˈwɛstərn ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. ðə kɔz əv ðə faɪər həz nɑt jɛt bɪn əˈnaʊnst. [ˈɪmɪʤ ˈviə instagram*]

a fire is being reported at the john hancock center in chicago, a 100-story skyscraper and the seventh-tallest building in the u.s. tourists and onlookers have been posting images of the blaze on social media, with some users reporting that the fire is on the 50th floor. hancock tower in chicago is on fire. any idea what is going on? @cnn @wgn pic.twitter.com/tbsuwstph6 — jason kidd (@jkidd955) november 21, 2015 fires getting worse at john hancock building chicago pic.twitter.com/fzys4mpc6p — tblake (@therealtblake) november 21, 2015 we have reached out to the building’s management and will update this post when we hear back. update 4:37 p.m. according to chicago’s wgn tv, firefighters have extinguished the fire. at least one person was injured, and has been taken to northwestern hospital. the cause of the fire has not yet been announced. [image via instagram]

juz. drəg ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən (di) ʧif ʧək ˈroʊzənbərg sɛd hɪz ˈeɪʤənsi ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ harass”*” hɛmp ˈfɑrmərz ənd ˈprɑˌsɛsərz ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðeɪ əˈbaɪd baɪ ˈsɛkʃən 7606 əv ðə fɑrm bɪl. ˈkɑmɛnts keɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ ə juz. haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti ˈhirɪŋ læst wik ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ baɪ ˈʧɛrmən ˈrɑbərt, ə vərˈʤɪnjə rɪˈpəblɪkən, hu ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ flægd ə ˈrisənt ˈlɔˌsut əˈgɛnst ðə di faɪld baɪ ðə juz. hɛmp ˈɪndəstriz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ hɛmp ɪn fud. faɪld ə ˈmoʊʃən ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 6 2017 tɪ hoʊld ðə di ɪn kənˈtɛmpt əv kɔrt fər ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ ə 2004 ˈɔrdər ðət proʊˈhɪbəts ðə ˈeɪʤənsi frəm ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ hɛmp fud ˈprɑdəkts ɛz ˈskɛʤʊl aɪ kənˈtroʊld ˈsəbstəns. ðə 2004 ˈɔrdər wɑz ˈɪʃud baɪ ðə juz. kɔrt əv əˈpilz ˈdɪstrɪkt ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, wɛr ðə moʊst ˈrisənt pəˈtɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ wɑz faɪld. ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ traɪ tɪ meɪk ɪt klɪr ðət ðɛr ʃʊd bi ən ˈiziər pæθ fər ˈpipəl wɪθ ə ˈprɑdəkt ðət ɪz kəˈmərʃəli ˈvaɪəbəl fər ə lɔt əv purposes,”*,” sɛd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈhirɪŋ, ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ bi prəˈdust ɪn ə mɔr kənˈvinjənt weɪ ənd bi mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl tɪ ðə market.”*.” wərkt wɪθ jʊr stæf, sər, tɪ traɪ ənd wərk θru səm əv ðoʊz ˈɪʃuz ənd kənˈtɪnju tɪ du so,”*,” ˈroʊzənbərg rɪˈspɑndɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə brif ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ, wɪʧ wɑz pɑrt əv ə 2-hour*, ˈhirɪŋ ɔn ə brɔd reɪnʤ əv di ˈɪʃuz. ˈmɛni ɪn ðə ˈkænəbəs ˈɪndəstri hæd fɪrd haʊ ðə di wʊd trit hɛmp ˈəndər ˈroʊzənbərg, neɪmd baɪ ðə juz. ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən tɪ hɛd ðə drəg ˈeɪʤənsi ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr, ənd hu læst jɪr blɑkt əˈtɛmpts tɪ riˈmuv ˈkænəbəs frəm ɪts ˈskɛʤʊl aɪ ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən ɛz ə ˈdeɪnʤərəs drəg.

u.s. drug enforcement administration (dea) chief chuck rosenberg said his agency is “not looking to harass” hemp farmers and processors as long as they abide by section 7606 of the farm bill. rosenberg’s comments came during a u.s. house of representatives judiciary committee hearing last week in response to questioning by chairman robert goodlatte, a virginia republican, who during the questioning flagged a recent lawsuit against the dea filed by the u.s. hemp industries association regarding hemp in food. hia filed a motion feb. 6, 2017 to hold the dea in contempt of court for violating a 2004 order that prohibits the agency from regulating hemp food products as schedule i controlled substance. the 2004 order was issued by the u.s. court of appeals 9th district in san francisco, where the hia’s most recent petition also was filed. “we’re looking to try to make it clear that there should be an easier path for people with a product that is commercially viable for a lot of purposes,” goodlatte said during the hearing, “they should be able to be produced in a more convenient way and be more accessible to the market.” “we’ve worked with your staff, sir, to try and work through some of those issues and we’ll continue to do so,” rosenberg responded during the brief exchange, which was part of a 2-hour, 30-minute hearing on a broad range of dea issues. many in the cannabis industry had feared how the dea would treat hemp under rosenberg, named by the u.s. administration to head the drug agency earlier this year, and who last year blocked attempts to remove cannabis from its schedule i classification as a dangerous drug.

ˈsɛvərəl ˈhənərd ɑrmd mɛn ɪn grin ˈkæməˌflɑʒ, wɪˈθaʊt ˌɪnˈsɪgˌniə ənd ˈkɛriɪŋ ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˈraɪfəlz, ˈɛnərd ənd sɪˈkjʊrd ˈɛriəz əv ðə səˈvɪljən ˈɛrˌpɔrt ɪn ˈriʤənəl ˈkæpɪtəl əv ˈərli ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ˈvɪdioʊ ˈteɪkən æt ðə sin ʃoʊd ðə mɛn pəˈtroʊlɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt ənd ˈstændɪŋ gɑrd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd. flaɪts kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt; noʊ ʃɑts wər faɪərd. ɪn kiɛv, nu ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmɪnɪstər,, sɛd ðə ɑrmd mɛn wər ˈrəʃən trups. ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ kən bi kɔld ən ɑrmd ˌɪnˈveɪʒən ənd ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən. ɪn vaɪəˈleɪʃən əv ɔl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈtritiz ənd nɔrmz. ðɪs ɪz ə dɪˈrɛkt ˌprɑvəˈkeɪʃən fər ɑrmd ˈblədˌʃɛd ɪn ðə ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri əv ə ˈsɑvrən state,”*,” sɛd. sɛd trups frəm ðə ˈrəʃən blæk si flit, ˈprɪnsɪpli æt ðə ˌkraɪˈmiən pɔrt əv, hæd ˈɔlsoʊ sɪˈkjʊrd ˈɛntrənsəz tɪ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɛrˌpɔrt nɪr ðə ˈsɪti. 1 əv 44 fʊl skrin kloʊz skɪp æd ˈproʊˌtɛsts ɪn juˈkreɪn: ˈæktɪvɪsts klæʃ ɛz pəˈlis fɔrs ɪz ˈgɪvɪn ˈrɛfjuʤ vju ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈvɪktər, hu wɑz ɛz ˈaʊstɪd ˈprɛzɪdənt əv juˈkreɪn bət rɪˈpɔrtədli stɪl kleɪmz hɪmˈsɛlf ɪts ˈraɪtfəl ˈlidər, kɔld ɔn ðə juˈkreɪniən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri tɪ rɪˈzɪst ˈɛni ˈɔrdərz tɪ ˌɪnərˈfɪr ɪn ˈproʊˌtɛsts ɪn ˈistərn ənd ˈsəðərn juˈkreɪn. ˈtɛnʧənz ɪn, ðə ˈkæpɪtəl əv ðə kraɪˈmiə, wər ˈhaɪtənd ˈθərzˌdeɪ wɪn ə bænd əv ɑrmd mɛn sizd tu ˈgəvərnmənt ˈbɪldɪŋz. ˈkæpʃən ˈrəʃən ˈfɔrsɪz, ɔˈrɛdi ɪn kənˈtroʊl əv məʧ əv kraɪˈmiə, tʊk pəˈzɛʃən əv ə ˈfɛri ˈtərmənəl ɪn kerch*, ɪn ðə ˈistərn pɑrt əv ðə pəˈnɪnsələ ʤɪst əˈkrɔs ə streɪt frəm ˈrəʃən ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts frəm ðə ˈɛriə. ðə ˈtərmənəl kʊd bi juzd tɪ sɛnd ˈivɪn mɔr ˈrəʃən trups ˈɪntu kraɪˈmiə. baɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ weɪt 1 ˈsɛkənd tɪ kənˈtɪnju. ɪz stɪl noʊ dɪˈrɛkt ɑrmd ˈkɑnflɪkt. ˈdɪpləˌmæts ʃʊd speak,”*,” sɛd. ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə blæk si flit dɪˈnaɪd ðə rɪˈpɔrts ðət ɪts trups ər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈblɑkɪŋ ðə ˈɛrˌfild, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌfæks nuz ˈeɪʤənsi. ˈsəbdɪˌvɪʒən əv ðə blæk si flit həz bɪn ədˈvænst ˈɪntu ðə ˈɛriə, lɛt əˈloʊn ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈblɑkɪŋ it,”*,” ðə ˈspoʊksmən sɛd. ðə ənˈsteɪbəl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən əraʊnd ðə blæk si flit ˈbeɪsɪz ɪn ðə kraɪˈmiə, ənd ðə ˈpleɪsɪz wɛr ɑr ˈsərvɪs ˈmɛmbərz lɪv wɪθ ðɛr ˈfæməliz, sɪˈkjʊrəti həz bɪn stɛpt baɪ ðə blæk si units.”*.” ə kraɪˈmiə nuz wɛb saɪt, krym*, ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə ɑrmd mɛn ˈkɛrid əˈsɔlt ˈraɪfəlz. ˈʤərnəlɪsts əˈtɛmptəd tɪ əˈproʊʧ ðɛm, wən əv ðə ˈsərvəsmɛn wɔrnd ðət ðeɪ wʊd ʃut tɪ kill,”*,” ðə wɛb saɪt sɛd. æt ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt, ɑrmd mɛn ənd ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈtrænspɔrt trək blɑkt ðə ˈɛntrəns. huˈɛvər ðə mɛn wər, ðeɪ dɪd nɑt əˈpɪr tɪ bi səˈvɪljən məˈlɪʃəmɪn, bət treɪnd ˈsoʊlʤərz. wɪn ə mæn hu əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ə ˈrəʃən ˈɔfɪsər wɪθ tu ˈbɑdiˌgɑrdz əˈproʊʧt ðɛm, ðeɪ sprɛd aʊt ɪn dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃənz, ənd ˈweɪtɪd fər ˈɔrdərz. ˈdəzənz əv trup ˈtrænspɔrt trəks wər ˈskætərd əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈhaɪˌweɪ bɪtˈwin ənd. ɪn ˈmɔˌskaʊ, ˈrəʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn broʊk hɪz ˈsaɪləns ɔn juˈkreɪn wɪθ ə mɪkst ˈmɛsɪʤ. hi ˈɔrdərd ˈrəʃən əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ kənˈsəlt wɪθ ˈəðər ˈneɪʃənz ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑnəˌtɛri fənd ɔn minz əv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl əˈsɪstəns fər juˈkreɪn. hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðət ˈɛfərts tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ənd prəˈmoʊt treɪd bɪtˈwin ˈrəʃə ənd juˈkreɪn ʃʊd kənˈtɪnju. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈputɪn sɛd ˈmɔˌskaʊ wʊd kənˈsɪdər ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈsɛndɪŋ ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən səˈplaɪz tɪ kraɪˈmiə. ə juˈkreɪniən ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtər frəm ðə ˈpɑrti əv ˈaʊstɪd ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈvɪktər sɛd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðət ðə ˈriʤən, əˈfɪʃəli kɔld ðə ɔˈtɑnəməs riˈpəblɪk əv kraɪˈmiə, ɪz nɑt traɪɪŋ tɪ sɪˈsid frəm juˈkreɪn. ˈnɛstər əv ðə ˈpɑrti əv ˈriʤənz sɛd ðə ˈspikər əv ðə ˌkraɪˈmiən ˈriʤənəl ˈpɑrləmɛnt, konstantynov*, hæd toʊld ɪm baɪ ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ðət kraɪˈmiə wɑz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ˈoʊnli ɪn ˈbrɔdənɪŋ ðə tərmz əv ɪts ˈkɑrənt ɔˈtɑnəməs ˈstætəs. ər nɑt ˈæskɪŋ fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ more,”*,” sɛd. ɔˈtɑnəməs ˈpɑsəbəl sɪˈsɛʃən frəm ɑr ˈkəntri ɪz kəmˈplitli aʊt əv ðə question.”*.” ðə juˈkreɪniən dɪˈfɛns ˈmɪnɪstər, adm*. tenyukh*, sɛd hi plænd tɪ goʊ tɪ kraɪˈmiə ˈleɪtər ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ðə ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər həz rɪkˈwɛstɪd tɔks wɪθ hɪz ˈrəʃən ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt kənˈsərnɪŋ kraɪˈmiə. hæv nɑt rɪˈsivd ə rɪˈplaɪ frəm ðə ˈrəʃən saɪd soʊ far,”*,” sɛd ðə ˈæktɪŋ ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər, deshchytsa*. ər ˈoʊpən tɪ nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ənd wɪʃ ən ɪkˈsklusɪvli ˈpisfəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən əv ðɪs problem.”*.” ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri əˈphivəl ɪn ˈfɑrəˈweɪ ˈkæpɪtəl həz əˈweɪkənd ðə ˈsɛpərətɪst drimz əv ˈɛθnɪk ˈrəʃənz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɔn ðə ˌkraɪˈmiən pəˈnɪnsələ, wɛr ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈgənˌmɛn hu ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ðə ˈriʤənəl ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˈbɪldɪŋ wər mɛt wɪθ ən ˌaʊtˈpɔrɪŋ əv səˈpɔrt. ə grup əv mɛn drɛst ɪn ˈkæməˌflɑʒ ənd ɑrmd wɪθ grəˈneɪdz ˈɛnərd ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈərli ˈθərzˌdeɪ ɪn ðə ˈkæpɪtəl əv kraɪˈmiə ˈriʤən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈloʊkəl rɪˈpɔrtərz, ðɛn ˈbɛrəˌkeɪdɪd ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ənd reɪzd ðə ˈrəʃən flæg ɔn ðə rʊf ə səkˈsɪŋkt ˈænsər tɪ ˈwɔrnɪŋz frəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈjʊrəp ðət juˈkreɪn məst rɪˈmeɪn juˈnaɪtɪd ənd ˈrəʃə məst stænd bæk. ɪn ðə ˈfrizɪŋ ˈwɛðər ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ˈsɛpərətɪst ˈfivər wɑz ˈrənɪŋ hɑt, ɛz ˈnuli fɔrmd ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns mɪˈlɪʃəz pərˈeɪdɪd ˈəndər ˈrəʃən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈkələrz. ðeɪ ˈʃaʊtɪd θæŋks tɪ ðɛr ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈgrænˌfɑðərz hu hæd fɔt əˈgɛnst ðə ˈʤərmənz ɪn wərld wɔr ɪn ðə siʤ əv ˈnɪrˈbaɪ, ə ˈbrutəl kæmˈpeɪn ðət lɛft tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz dɛd ənd ðə ˈsɪti ɪn ˈrəbəl. wɔnt kraɪˈmiə tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈrəʃə, pjʊr ənd simple,”*,” sɛd ˌɪˈgɔr, ə ˈlidər əv ə mɪˈlɪʃə grup kəmˈpoʊzd əv mɛn hu hæd fɔt ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn fər ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən. laɪk ˈəðər ˈsɪtɪzən məˈlɪʃəmɪn, hi dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ gɪv hɪz læst neɪm. ðə ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz ɪn ənˈnərvd ðə ˈnuli əˈpɔɪntɪd ˈgəvərnmənt mɔr ðən 400 maɪəlz əˈweɪ ɪn ðə ˈkæpɪtəl, kiɛv, wɛr mənθs əv ˈproʊˌtɛsts lɛd tɪ ðə ˈaʊstər læst wik əv ˈprɛzɪdənt, ˈvɪktər. hæv bɪn ˈteɪkən tɪ ˈkaʊntər ɪkˈstrimɪst ˈækʃənz ənd nɑt əˈlaʊ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən tɪ ˈɛskəˌleɪt ˈɪntu ən ɑrmd confrontation”*” ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər əv, sɛd, ðə ˈɪnərəm ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmɪnɪstər. baɪ ˈərli ˈmɔrnɪŋ, pəˈlis hæd sərˈaʊndɪd ðə ˌkraɪˈmiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt, bət ðeɪ dɪd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ aʊst ðə mɛn hu hæd stɔrmd ˌɪnˈsaɪd. ðə ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən bɪˈgæn tɪ sim laɪk ə bɪt əv ə ʃoʊ; ɪt wɑz ˈpɑsəbəl ðə ˈgənˌmɛn hæd ɔˈrɛdi dɪˈpɑrtɪd. pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz aʊt frənt ʃoʊd noʊ fɪr əv ˈɛniˌwən ˌɪnˈsaɪd ənd, ˌɪnˈstɛd, tərnd ðɛr bæks tɪ ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ, ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈfrikˌwɛnt breɪks tɪ smoʊk ˌsɪgəˈrɛts ənd drɪŋk ti. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈɛθnɪk ˈrəʃənz hu meɪk əp əˈbaʊt hæf əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əraɪvd tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt. ðeɪ ˈɪʃud ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ tɪ rɪˈkælsɪtrənt ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz hir tɪ gɪv ɪn tɪ ðə noʊ. 1 dɪˈmænd: ə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ɔn, æt ˈmɪnəməm, ˈwɛðər tɪ əˈlaʊ ðə ˌkraɪˈmiən pəˈnɪnsələ ən ɔˈtɑnəməs steɪt tɪ bɪˈkəm ən ˈivɪn mɔr ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈriʤən, wɪθ ɪts oʊn ˈlidərˌʃɪp, wɪʧ ˈmɛni ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtərz hoʊpt wʊd ɛnʃˈraɪn ˈrəʃən ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ənd ˈkəlʧər. ˈəðərz hu keɪm tɪ ðə ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˈklɪrli ˈwɔntɪd məʧ mɔr, ˈkɔlɪŋ fər kraɪˈmiə tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ɑrmz əv ðə ˈrəʃən ˈməðərˌlænd. ˈkrɪmənəlz hæd ðɛr ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ɪn kiɛv, ənd naʊ wi ər ˈhævɪŋ ɑrz ɪn crimea,”*,” sɛd alexandr*, ə ˈmɛmbər əv əˈnəðər ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns brɪˈgeɪd. ˈrəʃən, ənd wi bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ russia.”*.” fər ɔl ðɛr ˈfərvər, ðə kraʊdz hæv nɑt bɪn juʤ, ənd ɪt ɪz hɑrd tɪ ʤəʤ haʊ məʧ səˈpɔrt ðə kɔz əv ˈsɛpərəˌtɪzəm ər ə mɔr ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈriʤən maɪt hæv əˈkrɔs kraɪˈmiə. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ðət wɑz əˈpruvd ɪn kiɛv ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ɪz ˈstɛpɪŋ ˈʤɪnʤərli tɪ əˈvɔɪd ərˈaʊzɪŋ ˈpæʃənz. sektor*, ðə ˈnæʃənəlɪst grup, həz sɛd ɪt wɪl nɑt sɛnd ɪts ˈmɛmbərz tɪ ðə pəˈnɪnsələ, tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃənz. ˈmɔˌskaʊ həz ɪkˈsprɛst dɪˈsplɛʒər wɪθ ðə əˈphivəlz ɪn juˈkreɪn, kˈwɛsʧənd ðə lɪˈʤɪtəməsi əv ðə nu ˈgəvərnmənt ənd strɛst ðət ðə wɛst ʃʊd kip aʊt əv ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl əˈfɛrz. bət ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈrəʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈputɪn ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈɔrdərd ə ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪn ˈriʤənz ˈbɔrdərɪŋ ˈəðər pɑrts əv juˈkreɪn, ˈtrɪgərɪŋ kənˈsərn əˈbaʊt ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən, ˈrəʃə həz nɑt ˈsɪgnəld ˈɛni dɪˈzaɪər tɪ brɪŋ kraɪˈmiə bæk ˈɪntu ɪts foʊld. ˈivɪn soʊ, ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈsɛpərətɪst mɪˈlɪʃəz ɪn kraɪˈmiə, ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈəndər ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrti kɔld ðə ˈrəʃən blɑk, hæv ˈbeɪgən tɪ flɛks ðɛr ˈməsəlz. ðeɪ θru əp ˈʧɛkˌpɔɪnts ˈθərzˌdeɪ əˈlɔŋ ðə meɪn ˈhaɪˌweɪ bɪtˈwin ənd, ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd baɪ mɛn ɪn mɪsˈmæʧt ˈkæməˌflɑʒ hu stʊd ˌbiˈfɔr ə saɪn ˈwɔrnɪŋ: hu əˈproʊʧ wɪθ ə sɔrd wɪl daɪ baɪ ðə sword.”*.” ənˈtɪl naʊ, ɪt kʊd bi ˌɪˈligəl, ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈdeɪnʤərəs, tɪ ˈædvəˌkeɪt ˈsɛpərəˌtɪzəm ɪn juˈkreɪn. naʊ ɪt ɪz ɔl ðə reɪʤ, wɪθ grups hir dɪˈmændɪŋ ðət ˈrəʃə riˈkleɪm ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ðət ˈsoʊviˌɛt prɛˈmɪr ˌnɪˈkitə ˈkrusˌʧɛv ˈgɪftɪd tɪ ðə juˈkreɪniən ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈsoʊʃəlɪst riˈpəblɪk ɪn 1954 ðə ˈrəʃən blæk si ˈneɪvəl flit ɪz praɪˈmɛrəli ɪn ənd səˈpɔrts ˈseɪlərz ənd səˈpɔrt stæf. ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ˈvɔɪsɪz ɪn ðə kraʊd ˈʃaʊtɪd, ˈjuˈɛs back!”*!” ɛz ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtərz ənˈfərld ə lɑrʤ ˈrəʃən flæg, sæŋ ˌpeɪtriˈɑtɪk ˈrəʃən sɔŋz ənd dɪˈnaʊnst ɛz ““hooligans”*” ðə ˈfɔrsɪz bɪˈhaɪnd ˈaʊstər., ɔn ðə rən fər ˈsɛvərəl deɪz, əˈpɪrd ˈθərzˌdeɪ ɪn ˈmɔˌskaʊ, wɛr hi wɑz əˈpɛrəntli ˈgrænɪd prəˈtɛkʃən. æst wət hi θɔt wʊd ˈhæpən nɛkst, ə ˈrəʃən blɑk ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən frəm,, sɛd, hæv noʊ idea.”*.” sɛd ðə mɪˈlɪʃəz ɪn ðə kraɪˈmiə priˈpɛrd tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ɑr hoʊmz ənd families”*” frəm ˈɛni ˈfɔrsɪz sɛnt baɪ ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn kiɛv. ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt əv kiɛv ɪz illegal,”*,” sɛd. hi ənd ˈəðərz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈpɑrləmɛnt, stoʊkt ɔn ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri ˈrəʃən ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən nuz ʃoʊz ðət rɪˈpitɪdli ˈbrɔdˌkæst ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ɪn kiɛv ˈhərlɪŋ ˈgæsəˌlin bɑmz ənd ədˈvænsɪŋ wɪθ kləbz, wɔrnd ðət ɪf ðeɪ lɛt ðɛr gɑrd daʊn, hɔrdz əv ““fascists”*” wʊd dɪˈsɛnd ɔn kraɪˈmiə. wʊd kəm tɪ stil, reɪp ənd kill,”*,” wən mæn sɛd. ə ˈwʊmən hu dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ gɪv hər neɪm bət dɪˈskraɪbd hərˈsɛlf ɛz ˈrəʃən ˈhaʊsˌwaɪf frəm ­­simferopol”*” ˈboʊstɪd ðət ðə ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtərz hir wər ˈpisfəl ənd ˌənəˈfreɪd tɪ ʃoʊ ðɛr ˈfeɪsɪz ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ fər ə ˈmoʊmənt ðət ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz hæd ˈgæðərd tɪ səˈpɔrt ənˈnoʊn ˈgənˌmɛn ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈpɑrləmɛnt. ɪn kiɛv,, ˈɪnərəm ˈprɛzɪdənt, wɔrnd ˈmɔˌskaʊ ðət ˈɛni ˈmuvmənt əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌpərsəˈnɛl ɔf ˈneɪvəl beɪs ɪn bi vjud ɛz ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri aggression.”*.” ˈspikɪŋ ɪn ðə juˈkreɪniən ˈpɑrləmɛnt ɪn kiɛv ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, sɛd, ˈɛnəmiz ʃʊd nɑt traɪ tɪ dɪˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ʃʊd nɑt ɪnˈkroʊʧ ɔn ɑr ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns, ˈsɑvrənti ənd territory.”*.” wɪl ˈɪŋlənd ɪn kiɛv kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt.

several hundred armed men in green camouflage, without insignia and carrying military-style automatic rifles, entered and secured areas of the civilian airport in crimea’s regional capital of simferopol early friday. video taken at the scene showed the men patrolling inside the airport and standing guard outside. flights continued to operate; no shots were fired. in kiev,raine’s new interior minister, arsen avakov, said the armed men were russian troops. “what is happening can be called an armed invasion and occupation. in violation of all international treaties and norms. this is a direct provocation for armed bloodshed in the territory of a sovereign state,” avakov said. avakov said troops from the russian navy’s black sea fleet, berthed principally at the crimean port of sevastopol, had also secured entrances to the belbek military airport near the city. 1 of 44 full screen autoplay close skip ad × protests inraine: activists clash as police force is given refuge view photos viktor yanukovych, who was as ousted president ofraine but reportedly still claims himself its rightful leader, called on therainian military to resist any orders to interfere in pro-russian protests in eastern and southernraine. tensions in simferopol, the capital of the crimea, were heightened thursday when a band of armed men seized two government buildings. caption russian forces, already in control of much of crimea, took possession of a ferry terminal in kerch, in the eastern part of the peninsula just across a strait from russian territory, according to reports from the area. the terminal could be used to send even more russian troops into crimea. buy photo wait 1 second to continue. “there is still no direct armed conflict. diplomats should speak,” avakov said. a spokesman for the black sea fleet denied the reports that its troops are involved in blocking the belbek airfield, according to the interfax news agency. “no subdivision of the black sea fleet has been advanced into the belbek area, let alone involved in blocking it,” the spokesman said. “given the unstable situation around the black sea fleet bases in the crimea, and the places where our service members live with their families, security has been stepped by the black sea fleet’s anti-terror units.” a crimea news web site, argumenty nedeli krym, reported that the armed men carried m-4 assault rifles. “as journalists attempted to approach them, one of the servicemen warned that they would shoot to kill,” the web site said. at the belbek airport, armed men and a military transport truck blocked the entrance. whoever the men were, they did not appear to be civilian militiamen, but trained soldiers. when a man who appeared to be a russian officer with two bodyguards approached them, they spread out in defensive positions, squatted and waited for orders. dozens of troop transport trucks were scattered along the highway between sevastopol and simferopol. in moscow, russian president vladimir putin broke his week-long silence onraine with a mixed message. he ordered russian officials to consult with other nations as well as the international monetary fund on means of financial assistance forraine. he also said that efforts to maintain and promote trade between russia andraine should continue. at the same time, putin said moscow would consider the possibility of sending humanitarian supplies to crimea. arainian legislator from the party of ousted pro-russian president viktor yanukovych said friday that the region, officially called the autonomous republic of crimea, is not trying to secede fromraine. nestor shufrych of the party of regions said the speaker of the crimean regional parliament, volodymyr konstantynov, had told him by telephone that crimea was interested only in broadening the terms of its current autonomous status. “they are not asking for anything more,” shufrych said. “the autonomous republic’s possible secession from our country is completely out of the question.” therainian defense minister, adm. ihor tenyukh, said he planned to go to crimea later on friday. the foreign minister has requested talks with his russian counterpart concerning crimea. “we have not received a reply from the russian side so far,” said the acting foreign minister, andriy deshchytsa. “we are open to negotiations and wish an exclusively peaceful resolution of this problem.” the revolutionary upheaval inraine’s faraway capital has awakened the separatist dreams of ethnic russians living on the crimean peninsula, where on thursday pro-russia gunmen who occupied the regional parliament building were met with an outpouring of support. a group of men dressed in camouflage and armed with rocket-­propelled grenades entered the building early thursday in the capital ofraine’s crimea region, according to local reporters, then barricaded themselves inside and raised the russian flag on the roof — a succinct answer to warnings from the united states and europe thatraine must remain united and russia must stand back. in the freezing weather outside the parliament, separatist fever was running hot, as newly formed self-defense militias paraded under russian military colors. they shouted thanks to their soviet grandfathers who had fought against the germans in world war ii in the siege of nearby sevastopol, a brutal 250-day campaign that left tens of thousands dead and the city in rubble. “we want crimea to return to russia, pure and simple,” said igor, a leader of a militia group composed of men who had fought in afghanistan for the soviet union. like other citizen militiamen, he declined to give his last name. the demonstrations in simferopol unnerved the newly appointed government more than 400 miles away in the capital, kiev, where months of protests led to the ouster last week ofraine’s pro-russia president, viktor yanukovych. “measures have been taken to counter extremist actions and not allow the situation to escalate into an armed confrontation” in the center of simferopol, said avakov, the interim interior minister. by early morning, police had surrounded the crimean parliament, but they did nothing to oust the men who had stormed inside. the occupation began to seem like a bit of a show; it was possible the gunmen had already departed. police officers out front showed no fear of anyone inside and, instead, turned their backs to the building, taking frequent breaks to smoke cigarettes and drink tea. meanwhile, thousands of ethnic russians — who make up about half of crimea’s population — arrived to demonstrate. they issued a warning to recalcitrant lawmakers here to give in to the crowd’s no. 1 demand: a referendum on, at minimum, whether to allow the crimean peninsula — an autonomous state — to become an even more independent region, with its own leadership, which many demonstrators hoped would enshrine russian language and culture. others who came to the parliament clearly wanted much more, calling for crimea to return to the arms of the russian motherland. “the criminals had their revolution in kiev, and now we are having ours in crimea,” said alexandr, a member of another self-defense brigade. “we’re russian, and we belong to russia.” for all their fervor, the crowds have not been huge, and it is hard to judge how much support the cause of separatism or a more independent region might have across crimea. the government that was approved in kiev on thursday is stepping gingerly to avoid arousing passions. pravy sektor, the right-wing nationalist group, has said it will not send its members to the peninsula, to avoid confrontations. moscow has expressed displeasure with the upheavals inraine, questioned the legitimacy of the new government and stressed that the west should keep out of the internal affairs. but although russian president vladi­mir putin on wednesday ordered a large-scale military exercise in regions bordering other parts ofraine, triggering concern about a possible intervention, russia has not signaled any desire to bring crimea back into its fold. even so, members of separatist militias in crimea, organized under a political party called the russian bloc, have begun to flex their muscles. they threw up checkpoints thursday along the main highway between sevastopol and simferopol, operated by men in mismatched camouflage who stood before a hand-painted sign warning: “those who approach with a sword will die by the sword.” until now, it could be illegal, and sometimes dangerous, to advocate separatism inraine. now it is all the rage, with groups here demanding that russia reclaim territory that soviet premier nikita khrushchev gifted to therainian soviet socialist republic in 1954. the russian black sea naval fleet is berthed primarily in sevastopol and supports 15,000 sailors and support staff. outside the parliament, voices in the crowd shouted, “take us back!” as demonstrators unfurled a large russian flag, sang patriotic russian songs and denounced as “hooligans” the forces behind yanukovych’s ouster. yanukovych, on the run for several days, appeared thursday in moscow, where he was apparently granted russia’s protection. asked what he thought would happen next, a russian bloc politician from sevastopol, gennadiy basov, said, “i have no idea.” basov said the pro-russia militias in the crimea “are prepared to defend our homes and families” from any forces sent by the central government in kiev. “everything coming out of kiev is illegal,” basov said. he and others outside the parliament, stoked on inflammatory russian tv news shows that repeatedly broadcast images of protesters in kiev hurling gasoline bombs and advancing with clubs, warned that if they let their guard down, hordes of “fascists” would descend on crimea. “they would come to steal, rape and kill,” one man said. a woman who declined to give her name but described herself as “a russian housewife from ­simferopol” boasted that the demonstrators here were peaceful and unafraid to show their faces — ignoring for a moment that the protesters had gathered to support unknown gunmen inside the parliament. in kiev, oleksandr turchynov,raine’s interim president, warned moscow that any movement of military personnel off russia’s naval base in sevastopol “will be viewed as military aggression.” speaking in therainian parliament in kiev on thursday, turchynov said, “ukrainian enemies should not try to destabilize the situation, should not encroach on our independence, sovereignty and territory.” will englund in kiev contributed to this report.

ˈseɪkrɪd ˈspeɪsɪz ɪgˈzæmənz ðə ˈkruʃəl roʊl saʊnd həz pleɪd ɪn ɑr ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ənd rɪˈlɪʤəs lɪvz fər ˈθaʊzənz əv jɪrz, ənd ɪkˈsplɔrz ðə ˈsɑnɪk ˌsɪməˈlɛrətiz bɪtˈwin ˈdɪfərənt riˈlɪʤənz, ənd ˈdɪfərənt taɪps əv ˈseɪkrɪd speɪs frəm əˈkrɔs ðə wərld. klɪk ɔn ə saʊnd ˈlɪsən tɪ ɪts saʊnz klɪk ɔn ðə ‘‘information’*’ ˈbətən waɪl ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ə saʊnd tɪ rɛd əˈbaʊt haʊ ɪt wɑz prəˈdust ənd ðə kriˈeɪtɪv ˈkɑntɛkst ənd aɪˈdiəz bɪˈhaɪnd ɪt. skroʊl θru ðə ˈdɪfərənt ˈpeɪʤɪz tɪ hir ˈdɪfərənt taɪps əv saʊnz, frəm ˈʧərʧɪz, ˈtɛmpəlz ənd kəˈθidrəlz tɪ prɛrz, ˈɔrgənz, mˈjuzɪk ənd sɔŋz. ɪkˈsplɔr ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪkˈsplɔr ðə wərld əv saʊnz ɔn ɑr ˈseɪkrɪd ˈspeɪsɪz saʊnd mæp ˈbækˌgraʊnd ənd ˈkɑntɛkst ˈseɪkrɪd ˈspeɪsɪz ɪgˈzæmənz ðə roʊl ðət saʊnd həz pleɪd ɪn ɑr ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ənd rɪˈlɪʤəs lɪvz fər ˈθaʊzənz əv jɪrz, ənd lʊk æt səm əv ðə ˌsɪməˈlɛrətiz ənd ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin haʊ saʊnd ɪz juzd fər prɛr ənd ˈwərʃɪp əˈkrɔs riˈlɪʤənz ənd frəm ˈkəntri tɪ ˈkəntri. wi ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd kənˈtrɪbjətərz tɪ prəˈvaɪd fild rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz əv ˈseɪkrɪd ˈspeɪsɪz ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər ənd dɪˈsɛmbər 2016 ənd ʃɛrd ðoʊz saʊnz wɪθ mjuˈzɪʃənz, saʊnd dɪˈzaɪnərz ənd saʊnd ˈɑrtɪsts, hu hæv ənd ðə saʊnz əv ɑr ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl lɪvz. ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪz ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈsɪtiz ənd ˈmɛməri ˈprɑʤɛkt soʊ fɑr, wɪθ 123 ˈɑrtɪsts ənd fild frəm əraʊnd ðə wərld prɪˈzɛntɪŋ saʊnz frəm 34 ˈkəntriz. θæŋks goʊ tɪ ðə ˈʧərʧɪz ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən trəst, hu prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈmɛni əv ðɛr ˈʧərʧɪz əˈkrɔs ˈɪŋglənd ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, kəˈlɛktɪŋ ˈɔrgən ənd bɛl saʊnz frəm səm əv ðə ˈbjutəfəl rɪˈstɔrd ənd prəˈtɛktɪd ˈʧərʧɪz. ˈseɪkrɪd ˈspeɪsɪz: fʊl əv saʊnz kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ ˈɑrtɪsts mɔr ðən 100 saʊnd dɪˈzaɪnərz, mjuˈzɪʃənz ənd saʊnd ˈɑrtɪsts hæv kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, ˈwɛðər baɪ ə saʊnd, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə fild rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ frəm ə ˈseɪkrɪd speɪs, ər boʊθ. kənˈtrɪbjətərz kəm frəm ɔl əraʊnd ðə wərld frəm ɔˈstreɪljə ənd ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ tɪ ˈɪndiə ənd ˈlɛbənən ˈviə ˈpɔrʧəgəl, fræns, speɪn, ðə ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈkəntriz. ðɛr ɪz mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðɛm ɔn ɑr kənˈtrɪbjətərz peɪʤ, bət ə fʊl lɪst. fild rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ: ˈeɪdɑn ˈdɪri bɔrn ˈæləks ˈbɛnʤəmən geɪl ˈbɛnʤəmən ˈrɪʧərdz kloʊi krɪˈstin ˈsɪtiz ənd ˈmɛməri ˈkɑnstənˌtin ˈdeɪvɪd ɪˈmænjuəl ˈɛrɪk bɔɪˈvæn ˈiθən ʤoʊnz ˈfeɪbiən əˈvɪlə ɛliˈzɑldi ʤeɪmz kɛnt ˈkɑmɛn keɪt ˈleɪəti ˈkoʊstəz ˈlɑrvə liɑn ˈlɛsli ˈrɑlɪnz ɛm. mɑnˈwɛl gərˈɛroʊ mərˈiə mərˈiə ˈpɑnseɪ ˈmɑrtɪn smɪθ məˈlɪsə pɑnz ˈmaɪkəl moʊd ˈænəˌlɔg nɪk st*. ʤɔrʤ ˈɑlɪvər hɔl ˈpætrɪk ˈfræŋki ˌʤɛrəˈzɪnski ˈpɑnˌdeɪ ˈrɑbərt naɪt ˈsaɪmən ˈprɑfɪt ˈsaɪmən saʊnd ɑrk stɛˈfɑn ˈmɛrɪn ˈstivən stɔrt ˈboʊdɪʧ ˌtɑˈrik ˈtoʊni ˈwaɪˌthɛd vərˈɑnɪkə səˈlinəz ˈwʊlfˌgæŋ saʊnz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ: ˈɛrən ˈrigər ˈædəm frɪk fril ˈeɪˈmi ˈʧæpmən bɔrn ˈælən ˌɑləˈsænˌdroʊ ˈæləks ˈæləks ˈhɛhɪr ˈæləks ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈbeɪkər ˌɑnˈdreɪə ʧæŋ ˈændi ˈbɪlɪŋtən ˈændi laɪən ˈeɪnʤəl mˈjunɪz ˈænθɔˌni laɪənz ænˈtoʊniə ˈbɑli ˈbɑrni bɪl məˈkɛnə krɪs ˌæˈstɔriə saʊnd ˈsɪtiz ənd ˈmɛməri dæn poʊp ˈdeɪnə ˈdeɪvɪd wɛb ˈidən greɪ ˈɛlən ˈsəðərn ˈɛrɪk bɔɪˈvæn ˈiən din ˈiən ˈiən pɪrs ˈaɪzɪk ˈstreɪdər ʤeɪmz kɛnt ˈʤeɪmi ˈlɔsən ˈwɔrnər ʤɛf ʤɑn ˈwɪgɪnz ˈkɑmɛn kɪm ˈrʊgər ˈlæmbroʊz ˌliəˈnɑrdoʊ rəˈsɑdoʊ ˈlɛsli ˈrɑlɪnz luis mɑnˈwɛl gərˈɛroʊ mɑrk ˈteɪlər mɑrk ˈwɪljəmsən ˈmɑrʃəl məˈgi mæt ˈhɑrdɪŋ maɪk ˈpərsli ˈmɔrgən ˈdeɪviz ˈnɑˌʧoʊ ˈroʊmən nɪk st*. ʤɔrʤ ˈnɪkɔləs ˈneɪˌdu ˈɑlɪvər smɪθ ˈpaʊloʊ zuˈnigə pɔl ˈpitər ˈpitər ˈneɪgəl fɪˈlipeɪ ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈhəmɪŋˌbərd ˈrɪʧərd fɛr ˈrɪʧərd wɑts rɑb naɪt ˈrɑbɪn ˈpɑrˌmɑr ˈsæmjul ˈtərnər ˈsɛrə goʊld skɑt ˈlɔlər siɑn ˈglɛˌdhɪl ˈsaɪmən lə soʊˈfiə boʊˈtɛroʊ ˈstænɪslɑv ˈstɛfəni stɔrt ˈboʊdɪʧ ˌtɑˈrik ˈtɛri frɛnʧ tɪm ˌlɑfənˈteɪn tɪm ˈwɔtərfild tɑm ˈtɑmsən pɛˈdrɛti ˈwɔrən ˈdeɪli ʃɛr ðɪs: ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər iˈmeɪl ˈtɛləˌgræm skaɪp mɔr ˈpɑkət ˈtəmblər prɪnt

sacred spaces examines the crucial role sound has played in our spiritual and religious lives for thousands of years, and explores the sonic similarities between different religions, and different types of sacred space from across the world. click on a sound listen to its sounds – click on the ‘information’ button while listening to a sound to read about how it was produced and the creative context and ideas behind it. scroll through the different pages to hear different types of sounds, from churches, temples and cathedrals to prayers, organs, music and songs. explore the project explore the world of sounds on our sacred spaces sound map background and context sacred spaces examines the role that sound has played in our spiritual and religious lives for thousands of years, and look at some of the similarities and differences between how sound is used for prayer and worship across religions and from country to country. we invited contributors to provide field recordings of sacred spaces in november and december 2016, and shared those sounds with musicians, sound designers and sound artists, who have reimagined and recontexualised the sounds of our spiritual lives. the project is the biggest cities and memory project so far, with 123 artists and field recordists from around the world presenting sounds from 34 countries. thanks go to the churches conservation trust, who provided us with access to many of their churches across england as part of the project, collecting organ and bell sounds from some of the country’s beautiful restored and protected churches. sacred spaces: full playlist of sounds contributing artists more than 100 sound designers, musicians and sound artists have contributed to the project, whether by reimagining a sound, providing a field recording from a sacred space, or both. contributors come from all around the world – from australia and the usa to india and lebanon via portugal, france, spain, the uk and many other countries. there is more information about them on our contributors page, but here’s a full list. field recordings provided by: aidan deery aj born alex hegyesi benjamin gale benjamin richards chinowski garachana chloe despax christine renaudat cities and memory constantine katsiris david korsten emmanuel mieville eric boivin ethan jones fabian avila elizalde james kent kamen nedev kate laity kostas loukovikas larva peruzzotti leon muraglia leslie rollins m. qaro manuel guerrero maria papadomanolaki maria ponce martin smith melissa pons michael gatonska mode analogue nick st. george oliver hall patrick franke pawel gozdziewicz piotr jaroszynski protyasha pandey robert knight simon proffitt simon serc sound ark stephane marin stephen shiell stuart bowditch tariq emam tolga balci tony whitehead veronica salinas wolfgang dorninger reimagined sounds created by: aaron rieger adam frick aengus friel aimee chapman aj born alan bleay alessandro mimetik alex hegyesi alex hehir alex mchattie alexander baker andrea chang andy billington andy lyon angel muniz anthony lyons antonia bustamente antriksh bali barney spigel bill mckenna chris astoria sound cities and memory dan pope dana papachristou david webb eden grey ellen southern eric boivin hazal elif yalvac ian dean ian haygreen ian pearce isaac strader james kent jamie lawson jase warner jean-philippe drecourt jeff dungfelder john wiggins kamen nedev kim rueger lambros taklis leonardo rosado leslie rollins luis antero manuel guerrero mark taylor mark williamson marshall mcgee matt harding mike pursley morgan davies museleon nacho roman nick st. george nicolas vermeulin nimmi naidoo oliver smith paolo zuniga paul verschooten peter annear peter nagle philippe neau radio hummingbird richard fair richard watts rob knight robin parmar samuel turner sara gold scott lawlor sequencial sian gledhill simon le boggit sofia botero stanislav nikolov stefana fratila stephanie merchak stuart bowditch tariq emam terry french tim lafontaine tim waterfield tom thompson valmor pedretti jr warren daly share this: facebook twitter whatsapp reddit email telegram skype more pocket tumblr pinterest print linkedin

ˈsaɪmən ənd spɛk: nu ɛnˈkrɪpʃən ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ðə həz ˈpəblɪʃt səm nu ˈælgərˌɪðəmz: ˈæbˌstrækt: ɪn ðɪs ˈpeɪpər wi prəˈpoʊz tu ˈfæməliz əv blɑk, ˈsaɪmən ənd spɛk, iʧ əv wɪʧ kəmz ɪn ə vərˈaɪəti əv wɪdθs ənd ki ˈsaɪzɪz. waɪl ˈmɛni ˈlaɪtˈweɪt blɑk ɪgˈzɪst, moʊst wər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ pərˈfɔrm wɛl ɔn ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈplætˌfɔrm ənd wər nɑt mɛnt tɪ prəˈvaɪd haɪ pərˈfɔrməns əˈkrɔs ə reɪnʤ əv dɪˈvaɪsɪz. ðə eɪm əv ˈsaɪmən ənd spɛk ɪz tɪ fɪl ðə nid fər sɪˈkjʊr, ˈflɛksəbəl, ənd ˈænəˌlaɪzəbəl ˈlaɪtˈweɪt blɑk. iʧ ˈɔfərz ˈɛksələnt pərˈfɔrməns ɔn ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ənd ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈplætˌfɔrmz, ɪz ˈflɛksəbəl ɪˈnəf tɪ ədˈmɪt ə vərˈaɪəti əv ɔn ə ˈgɪvɪn ˈplætˌfɔrm, ənd ɪz əˈmɛnəbəl tɪ æˈnælɪsɪs ˈjuzɪŋ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ tɛkˈniks. boʊθ pərˈfɔrm ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli wɛl əˈkrɔs ðə fʊl ˈspɛktrəm əv ˈlaɪtˈweɪt ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, bət ˈsaɪmən ɪz tund fər ˈɑptɪməl pərˈfɔrməns ɪn ˈhɑrdˌwɛr, ənd spɛk fər ˈɑptɪməl pərˈfɔrməns ɪn ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ɪts ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ tɪ ˈstədi. aɪ wɑz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəmz' ˌsɪməˈlɛrəti tɪ threefish*, ənd haʊ ðeɪ ˌɪmˈpruvd ɔn wət wi dɪd. aɪ wɑz moʊst ˌɪmˈprɛst wɪθ ðɛr ki ˈskɛʤʊl. aɪ æm ˈɔlˌweɪz ˌɪmˈprɛst wɪθ haʊ ðə dɪz ki ˈskɛʤʊlz. ənd aɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ðə dɪˈskəʃən əv rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ˈmɪsɪŋ, əv kɔrs, ɪz ˈɛni æˈnælɪsɪs. aɪ doʊnt noʊ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ðɪs ˈpeɪpər. waɪ wɑz ðə wərk dən, ənd waɪ ɪz ɪt biɪŋ meɪd ˈpəblɪk? əm ˈkjʊriəs. ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1 2013 æt æm 32 ˈkɑmɛnts

simon and speck: new nsa encryption algorithms the nsa has published some new symmetric algorithms: abstract: in this paper we propose two families of block ciphers, simon and speck, each of which comes in a variety of widths and key sizes. while many lightweight block ciphers exist, most were designed to perform well on a single platform and were not meant to provide high performance across a range of devices. the aim of simon and speck is to fill the need for secure, flexible, and analyzable lightweight block ciphers. each offers excellent performance on hardware and software platforms, is flexible enough to admit a variety of implementations on a given platform, and is amenable to analysis using existing techniques. both perform exceptionally well across the full spectrum of lightweight applications, but simon is tuned for optimal performance in hardware, and speck for optimal performance in software. it's always fascinating to study nsa-designed ciphers. i was particularly interested in the algorithms' similarity to threefish, and how they improved on what we did. i was most impressed with their key schedule. i am always impressed with how the nsa does key schedules. and i enjoyed the discussion of requirements. missing, of course, is any cryptanalytic analysis. i don't know anything about the context of this paper. why was the work done, and why is it being made public? i'm curious. posted on july 1, 2013 at 6:24 am • 32 comments

ɔɪl həz ʃeɪpt ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkɑnflɪkt fər ˈdɛkeɪdz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wən ˈɛstəˌmeɪt, tˈwɛntiˌfaɪv tɪ ˈfɪfti pərˈsɛnt əv ˌɪntərˈsteɪt wɔrz bɪtˈwin 1973 ənd 2012 hæd ˈlɪŋkɪʤɪz. 1 bət ðə ˈsɪklɪkəl ˈneɪʧər əv ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ˈgloʊbəl ˈkɑnflɪkt ɪz nɑt wɛl ˌəndərˈstʊd. nɑt ˈoʊnli ər ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ˈsɪklɪkəl, bət ðə ˌʤioʊˈpɑlətɪks əv ɔɪl ər lɪŋkt ˌɪˈnɛksərəbli tɪ ðə seɪm bum ənd bəst praɪs ˈsaɪkəl. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ædˈvɛnʧərˌɪzəm, ˈprɑksi wɔrz ənd ˈriʤənəl pəˈθɑləʤiz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ɪkˈspænd ənd ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ ðə ɛb ənd floʊ əv ˈmæsɪv ˈpɛtroʊˌdɑlər əˌkjumjəˈleɪʃənz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ɔɪl praɪs ˈsaɪkəl. ðə ˈmæsɪv ˈɪnˌfloʊ əv ˈpɛtroʊˌdɑlər ˈrɛvəˌnuz wɪn ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ər haɪ kriˈeɪts dɪˈspoʊzəbəl ˈɪnˌkəmz ðət kən bi ˈizəli dɪˈspɛnst ɔn ˈriʤənəl ɑrmz ˈreɪsɪz, əˈspɛʃəli sɪns ɔɪl kənˈsumɪŋ ˈkəntriz laɪk ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ər tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ɑrmz seɪlz ɛz ə minz əv ˈsɑlvɪŋ ɔɪl ˌɪmˈpɔrt rɪˈleɪtɪd treɪd ˈdɛfɪsɪts. ˌbiˈsaɪdz trænsˈfərɪŋ wɛlθ frəm ˌɪnˈdəstriəˌlaɪzd ˈkəntriz tɪ ɔɪl prəˈdusərz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ənd nɔrθ ˈæfrɪkɑn (ˈminə) ˈriʤən ənd ˈrəʃə (ənd ˈstɪmjəˌleɪtɪŋ rɪˈnud ˈdrɪlɪŋ fər ɔɪl ənd gæs ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə), haɪ ˈgloʊbəl ɔɪl ənd ˈnæʧərəl gæs ˈpraɪsɪz ˈɔlsoʊ sloʊ ˈgloʊbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ ənd ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈɛnərʤi ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən. ðɪs ˈkɔzɪz pəˈtroʊliəm dɪˈmænd tɪ sloʊ ˈgloʊbəli, loʊərɪŋ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz. ˈsoʊʃəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈprɑbləmz ɪn ðə ˈriʤən riɪˈmərʤ ɛz ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz rɪˈsid. ˈriʤənəl ˈgəvərnmənts hæv fjuər ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ spɛnd ɔn ˈrɛstɪv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ðət hæv bɪˈkəm əˈkəstəmd tɪ ˈʤɛnərəs ˈhænˌdaʊts ɪˈneɪbəld baɪ haɪ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz. ʤɑb kriˈeɪʃən ənd ˈvɪzəbəl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈproʊˌgræmz sloʊ, ˌdɪsætɪsˈfækʃən ˈraɪzɪz, ənd ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈdaʊnˌtərnz ˌɪnˈsaɪt səˈpɔrt fər ˈmɪlətənts. ˈɛnsuɪŋ ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti ˈfɔrsɪz ˈgəvərnmənts tɪ juz ˈnuli ˈpərʧəst ɑrmz, wɪʧ aɪˈrɑnɪkli bɪˈgɪnz ðə ˈsaɪkəl jɛt əˈgɛn, ɛz nu ˈkɑnflɪkts dɪsˈrəpt ɔɪl səˈplaɪz. ɪn ðɪs ˈmænər, ðə wərld ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪtɪŋ ˈpætərnz əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈkɑnflɪkt, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ɔɪl səˈplaɪ ˈkraɪsiz, ənd əˈkəmpəniɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti. ɪn ˈifɛkt, ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ˈrisɔrs kərs həz bɪˈkəm ˈgloʊbəˌlaɪzd. ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz ðɪs ɪz prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ɔn ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən, sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk frənts hæv bɪˈkəm ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈdeɪnʤərəs. ðə ɑrmz reɪs ðət həz əˈkəmpənid ðə raɪz əv ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ˈoʊvər ðə həz bɪn noʊ ɪkˈsɛpʃən ənd ɪz naʊ ɔl ðə mɔr ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd du tɪ ðə ˈvaɪələnt pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən əv ˈrædɪkəˌlaɪzd grups ðət ər lɛs səˈsɛptəbəl tɪ ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈprɛʃərz ər ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz. ɪn ðɪs ˈimərʤɪŋ ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkɑntɛkst, ðə raɪz əv ˈvaɪələnt grups laɪk ˈaɪsəs ənd ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈpʊtɪŋ ɔɪl ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər æt rɪsk, leɪɪŋ ðə ˈgraʊndˌwərk fər ə fˈjuʧər ɔɪl ˈkraɪsəs ðət meɪ pruv ˈhɑrdər tɪ sɑlv ðən ɪn ðə pæst. ɛz ˈbɔrdərz ənd ˈrulɪŋ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz hæv bɪˈkəm kənˈtɛstəd, soʊ həz kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ɔɪl ənd gæs fəˈsɪlɪtiz. ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ən ˈaʊtˌgroʊθ əv dɪsˈjunəti ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˌɪˈrɑk, ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt ˈoʊvər ɔɪl ənd gæs fəˈsɪlɪtiz ɪz naʊ ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ əˈkrɔs ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz, wɪθ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz fər ˈgloʊbəl ˈɛnərʤi ˈmɑrkɪts. ˈmɪˌdist ɔɪl ənd gæs pərˈdəkʃən kəˈpæsɪti, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈsərfəs fəˈsɪlɪtiz, ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli biɪŋ ˈdæmɪʤd ɪn weɪz ðət wɪl meɪk ðɛm hɑrd tɪ rɪˈpɛr. ˈɛkspɔrt dɪsˈrəpʃənz, wɪʧ wər wəns spərˈædɪk, ər bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə mɔr ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈfiʧər əv ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈlænˌskeɪp. ðə ˈlɛvəl əv dɪˈstrɔɪd kəˈpæsɪti ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd æt əˈbaʊt 2 ˈmɪljən ənd ðə ˈlɔŋgər ˈmɪˌdist ˈkɑnflɪkts ˈfɛstər, ðə mɔr ðət ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər kʊd bɪˈkəm æt rɪsk. ðɛr ɪz ən əˈdɪʃənəl ˈɛləmənt tɪ ðɪs ɔɪl ənd wɔr ˈstɔri ðət lɪŋks ˈstrəkʧərəli wɪθ ðə ɔɪl bum ənd bəst ˈsaɪkəl. ɛz ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz rɪˈsid, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə ˈdiˌkrist dɪˈmænd fər ɔɪl ənd ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈriʤənəl ˈkɑnflɪkt, ˈwɛlθi ɔɪl prəˈdusərz səʧ ɛz ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈærəb ˈɛmərˌeɪts, ənd kuˈweɪt, ər ˈɔfən ˈtɛmptɪd tɪ juz lɑrʤ ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən kəˈpæsɪti ɛz ə strəˈtiʤɪk ˈæˌsɛt. ðeɪ fləd ðə ˈmɑrkɪt wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrist səˈplaɪz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ loʊər ˈpraɪsɪz, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˈhərtɪŋ ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈraɪvəlz. ðɪs praɪs wɔr ˈstrætəʤi, wɪʧ wɑz ˈnoʊtəbli ˈprɛzənt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə prəˈlɔŋd ˈsoʊviˌɛt wɔr ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn ənd ðə eɪt jɪr wɔr, ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli ðə ʃɔrt rən ˈifɛkts əv wɔr ɔn ˈsərfəs ˈɛkspɔrt fəˈsɪlɪtiz θru ɪkˈsɛsɪv pərˈdəkʃən reɪts. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ɪt leɪz ðə sidz fər ðə fˈjuʧər ˈəpˌtɪk ɪn ðə ɔɪl ˈmɑrkɪt, baɪ dɪˈskərɪʤɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn fˈjuʧər ɔɪl pərˈdəktɪv kəˈpæsɪti ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈmɪdəl ist wɪn ˈpraɪsɪz ər ɪkˈstrimli loʊ. ɪn ðə keɪs əv ðə, ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən kɔzd baɪ ˈaɪsəs ɔn ðə ɔɪl ˈsɛktər ɪn ˈmɛni loʊˈkeɪʃənz əraʊnd ðə ˈmɪdəl ist, kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈlɔsɪz ɪn ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn ˈəðər pɑrts əv ðə wərld (laɪk ɔɪl sændz ənd ðə ˈɑrtɪk du tɪ ˈkɑrənt loʊ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz), meɪ bi kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə kənˈdɪʃənz fər ə fˈjuʧər ɔɪl səˈplaɪ krənʧ. ðɪs həz ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz ɔn juz. ˈpɑləsi. ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl əˈsərts ðət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪt wʊd bi, ɪn laɪt əv ðiz ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist, ənˈwaɪz tɪ dɪsˈmænəl ɪts strəˈtiʤɪk pəˈtroʊliəm rɪˈzərv (spr*) ɛz həz bɪn səˈʤɛstɪd ɔn ˈkæpɪtəl hɪl. ɪt wʊd bi ˈsɪmələrli ənˈwaɪz fər ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts tɪ luz ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈɛfərts ɪn ðə ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈsɛktər wɪʧ həz boʊθ ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈklaɪmɪt ˈbɛnəfɪts. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt strəˈtiʤɪkli frəm ə riɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən əv ɪts bæn ɔn ɔɪl ˈɛkspɔrts. ˈfaɪnəli, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ʃʊd pleɪs ə ˈgreɪtər ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn ˈkɑnflɪkt ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ɪn ˈtrəbəld steɪts. baɪ riˈzɑlvɪŋ ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈkɑnflɪkts ˈoʊvər ðə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ɔɪl ˈrɛvəˌnuz, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kən ˈbɛtər peɪv ðə weɪ fər ˈlɔŋˈtərm səˈluʃənz wɛrˈbaɪ ðoʊz seɪm ˈrɛvəˌnuz kən bi ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ˈɪntu ˈnæʃənəl ˈbəʤɪts ɪn weɪz ðət brɪŋz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk prɑˈspɛrəti tɪ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɪkˈspɛndɪʧər. wɔr ənd ðə ɔɪl ˈsaɪkəl ˈoʊvər ðə pæst fɔr ˈdɛkeɪdz, ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz hæv bɪn ˈgəvərnd baɪ ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ðə ril ˈbɪznɪs ˈsaɪkəl ənd ðə bum ənd bəst ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈsaɪkəlz əv ɔɪl ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən ənd pərˈdəkʃən (e&p*). ɛz ɪˈkɑnəmiz ɪkˈspænd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈəpsˌwɪŋz ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈsaɪkəl, ɔɪl dɪˈmænd ˈraɪzɪz ɪn ˈpɛrəˌlɛl, ˈɔfən fˈjulɪŋ fɪrz ðət ˈʃɔrtɪʤɪz wɪl ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ðɛn raɪz, ˈʤɛnərəli ɪn ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən wɪθ ˌɪˈræʃənəl ɪgˈzubərəns ənd ˈmɑrkɪt haɪ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈstɪmjəˌleɪts mɔr ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn ɔɪl ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən ənd ˈdrɪlɪŋ, ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ˈəndər ðə ˈprɛʃərz əv ə rɪˈnud bɪˈlif ðət haɪ ˈpraɪsɪz min ɔɪl ɪz ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ˈrənɪŋ aʊt. bət ˈgrævɪti ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli teɪks ɪts kɔrs. ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli haɪ ˈpraɪsɪz ðət ˈfɑloʊ ðə bum ˈsaɪkəl ðɛn ˈhɪndər kənˈtɪnjud ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌækˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən. kəˈmɑdəti ənd ˈæˌsɛt ˈmɑrkɪt ˈbəbəlz bərst ənd ˌriˈsɛʃən ɪnˈsuz, ˈlɪmətɪŋ nu dɪˈmænd fər ɔɪl ənd ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz tɪ ə kəˈlæps. ðɪs læsts ənˈtɪl ʧip ˈɛnərʤi ənd ˈgəvərnmənt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmɑrkɪt ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃənz jɛt əˈgɛn rɪˈstɔr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌikwəˈlɪbriəm ənd groʊθ. prəˈdusərz, kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ˈlɔsɪz ɪn ðɛr ˈmɑrkɪt ʃɛrz, ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt praɪs wɔrz, wɪʧ liv ˈmɑrkɪts ˈivɪn mɔr ˌoʊvərsəˈplaɪd, ənˈtɪl loʊ ˈpraɪsɪz ˈstɪmjəˌleɪt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ ənd ɔɪl dɪˈmænd wəns mɔr. ðə ɔɪl ˈsaɪkəl həz brɔt wɪθ ɪt ə ˈsɪmələrli ˈvɑlətəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈsaɪkəl fər ðə əv ðə ˈmɪdəl ist, huz ˈgəvərnmənts hæv ˈræpədli ˈfləkʧəˌweɪtɪd bɪtˈwin ʤaɪˈgænɪk kæʃ ˈsərpləsɪz əv ˈsoʊˈkɔld ““petrodollars”*” ənd ˈsoʊʃəli ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈbəʤɪt ˈdɛfɪsɪts. dəbd ðə ˈrisɔrs kərs, ðə ˈmæsɪv ˈɪnˌfləks əv ɔɪl ˈrɛvəˌnuz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kəˈmɑdətiz praɪs əp ˈsaɪkəl dɪˈskərɪʤɪz pərˈdəktɪv, ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, wɪʧ ɪz ˈnidɪd fər lɔŋ term-growth*. ðə ˈɪnˌfləks əv ˈpɛtroʊˌdɑlərz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfɑstərz kərˈəpʃən ənd ˈpætrənɪʤ, draɪvz ril ɛˈsteɪt ənd stɑk ˈmɑrkɪt ˈbəbəlz, ɛz wɛl ɛz prəˈvaɪdz ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz fər ˈweɪstfəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔn waɪt ˈɛləfənt ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɪkˈspænʧən. ðə ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl kəmˈpoʊnənt əv ðɪs ɔɪl kən bi ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˌɪnˈsɪˌdiəs. ɛz ɔɪl ˈkæpɪtəlz laɪk ˈmɔˌskaʊ, riɑd, ˈæbu ˈdɑbi, ˈdoʊˌhɑ ənd ˌteɪˈrɑn rip ˈmæsɪv ˈprɑfɪts wɪθ ə ˈsədən ˈɪnˌfləks əv ˈpɛtroʊˌdɑlərz nɑt ˈizəli riˈsaɪkəld ˈɪntu dəˈmɛstɪk ɪˈkɑnəmiz, sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl rɪˈzərvz bɪˈkəm əˈveɪləbəl fər ɑrmz ˈpərʧəsɪz ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ædˈvɛnʧərˌɪzəm. səʧ ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz ər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈrulɪŋ klæs frəm boʊθ ɪkˈstərnəl θrɛts (ril ənd ˌɪˈmæʤənd) ənd ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈʧælənʤɪz θru roʊˈbəst ˌɪnˈtərnəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈspɛndɪŋ. təˈdeɪ, ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli haɪ æt θri pərˈsɛnt waɪl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɪkˈspɛndɪʧərz ɛz ə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv groʊs dəˈmɛstɪk ˈprɑdəkt (gdp*) ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈstraɪkɪŋli fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪt ɪz əˈbəv tɛn pərˈsɛnt ɪn ˈsɔdi ðə ˈriʤənəl ɑrmz reɪs ðət əˈkəmpəniz haɪ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz busts nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈɑrsənəlz əv ki ˈkəntriz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðɛr ˈprɑksiz ənd ˈivɪn ˈtɛrərɪst ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ðət əraɪz tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ðə ˈstætəs kwoʊ. aɪˈrɑnɪkli, ðə floʊ əv ˈwɛpənz ˈdrɪvən baɪ ðə ɔɪl praɪs bum ðɛn ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ðə ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl rɪsk tɪ ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən, wəns əˈgɛn leɪɪŋ ðə ˈgraʊndˌwərk fər ə fˈjuʧər raɪz ɪn ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ɛz fɪrz groʊ ðət ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪl wəns əˈgɛn dɪsˈrəpt səˈplaɪz. ɪn ðɪs weɪ, ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd baɪ hɪˈstɔriən ˈtoʊbi kreɪg ʤoʊnz: ənd wɔr hæv bɪˈkəm ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˌɪntərkəˈnɛktɪd ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl east,”*,” wɪθ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪn ðə middle”*” bət əˈproʊʧ tɪ ɔɪl həz əˈbɛtɪd ðə ɪn fækt, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ðə wɛst ənˈwɪtɪŋli pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn prəˈpɛlɪŋ ðə ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ɔɪl ˈsaɪkəl baɪ riˈsaɪkəlɪŋ ˈpɛtroʊˌdɑlərz ˈviə ðə seɪlz əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɪkˈwɪpmənt. ɪn ðə mid-2000s*, tɪ rɪˈdus ðə ˈprɛʃər əv ðə treɪd ˈdɛfəsət ɔn ðə juz. ˈdɔlər, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɔfərd ðə gəlf kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən ˈkaʊnsəl (gcc*) ˈkəntriz ə 20 ˈbɪljən ɑrmz dil ðət naʊ ɪkˈwɪps ˈrisəntli, ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkɑnflɪkt ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ðə ˈmɪdəl ɔɪl ˈmɛgə ˈsaɪkəl ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈdeɪnʤərəs, ˈkəpəld wɪθ ðə ˈærəb spərɪŋ ˈəˌpraɪzɪŋz ənd ðə dæʃt ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz əv ə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv juθ. nɑt ˈoʊnli hæv ˈbɔrdərz ənd aɪˈdɛntəˌti ˈpɑləˌtɪks ɪn ðə ˈriʤən blərd ɪn ə ˈmænər ðət wɪl bi hɑrd tɪ riˈkɑnstəˌtut, bət ki ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ənd ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ər biɪŋ ˈræpədli dɪˈstrɔɪd. fər ɔɪl ˈrisɔrs dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ə ˈbɪznɪs ðət rikˈwaɪərz juʤ ˈkæpɪtəl ˈɪnˌfloʊz, lɔŋ lɛd taɪmz ənd ˈkɑmplɛks ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, ðə ˈraɪzɪŋ ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti ənd kəˈlæps əv ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ɪn ˈsərtən ˈmɪdəl ist ˈkəntriz boʊdz ɪl fər fˈjuʧər ˈriʤənəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈprɑˌgrɛs. rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðə ˈprɑməs əv nu ɔɪl ənd gæs səˈplaɪz frəm ʃeɪl fɔrˈmeɪʃənz ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə ənd bɪɔnd, ə θərd əv ˈgloʊbəl ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən ɪz stɪl frəm ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ənd nɔrθ ˈæfrɪkɑ (ˈminə) ˈriʤən. waɪl ðɪs maɪt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ bi rɪˈdust ˈoʊvər taɪm, fər ðə nɛkst fju jɪrz, ðə feɪt əv ˈmɪdəl ist ɔɪl wɪl stɪl hæv juʤ ˌɪmˈpækts ɔn ðə ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi. ˈriʤənəl ˈbætəlz ənd ɔɪl fəˈsɪlɪtiz ðə ɔɪl praɪs spaɪks əv ðə ər prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ˈkɑmplɛks ˈɛnərʤi ənd ˈkɑnflɪkt ˈʧælənʤɪz, ˈprɑbləmz ðət ˈhɑrkən bæk tɪ ˈpriviəs ˈpɪriədz. ʤɪst ɛz ˈvaɪələns ɪn ðə ˈriʤən ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd ki ɔɪl fəˈsɪlɪtiz ɪn ðə ənd ˈərli 1990s*, ˈbætəlz kənˈtɪnju tɪ dɪˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɛnərʤi prəˈdusɪŋ ˈsɛnərz. ˈkɑrənt ˈriʤənəl ɑrmd ˈkɑnflɪkts ˈoʊvər ɔɪl fildz reɪz ə ˈsɪriəs nu rɪsk ðət ɔɪl fəˈsɪlɪtiz ər bɪˈkəmɪŋ strəˈtiʤɪk ˈæˌsɛts ənd spɔɪlz əv wɔr. ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˈdæmɪʤ wɪl bi taɪd tɪ ðə ˈifɛktɪvnəs əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ɪts ˈælaɪz tɪ kənˈteɪn ðə sprɛd əv ˈaɪsəs tɪ nu loʊˈkeɪʃənz ənd ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈpisfəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən əv ˈriʤənəl ˈprɑksi wɔrz. ˈbɪlˌdəp əv trups ɪn ˈsɪriə ædz əˈnəðər ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈɔpʃənz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɛz ɪt traɪz tɪ bɪld ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃənz fər ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl trænˈzɪʃən ɪn ˈsɪriə. dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈɛnərʤi ˈsərpləs, ˈwɔʃɪŋtən nidz tɪ əˈvɔɪd kəmˈpleɪsənsi əˈbaʊt ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈɛnərʤi ˈbæləns ər ɪt wɪl faɪnd ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɪθ fju ˈɔpʃənz ɪn ðə kənˈtɪnjud dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist. ənˈlaɪk pæst ˈriʤənəl wɔrz, wɪʧ wər ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzd baɪ ɑrmd ˈkɑnflɪkt, ˈfrɪkʃən pɔɪnts ˈlɑrʤli ˌɪnˈvɑlv grups səʧ ɛz ˈaɪsəs, æl ənd ˈəðər ˈloʊkəl mɪˈlɪʃəz. ðiz grups ər ðə wənz ðɪs taɪm əraʊnd ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈgeɪnɪŋ kənˈtroʊl əv ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən ənd rɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃənz ɪn kənˈtɛstəd ˈɛriəz. ðɛr pəˈlɪtɪkəl həz kriˈeɪtɪd juˈnik ˈprɑbləmz, nɑt ðə list əv wɪʧ ɪz ðə ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən tɪ juz fɔrs tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə fəˈsɪlɪtiz baɪ ˈriʤənəl ˈraɪvəlz ər ðə dɪˈvɑlvd steɪt ˈgəvərnmənt. ɪn ðə læst jɪr, ˈmɪljən əv ɔɪl pərˈdəktɪv kəˈpæsɪti həz bɪn lɔst ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist du ˈlɑrʤli tɪ ənd, ðɛr ɪz ə lɔt mɔr æt steɪk, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ðə ˈminə ˈriʤən prəˈdusɪz ˈmɪljən, əˈbaʊt ə θərd əv ˈtoʊtəl wərld ˈsɔdi ˈistərn ˈprɑvɪns, wɪʧ həz bɪn ˈtɑrgətɪd baɪ ˈaɪsəs, ɪz ðə hoʊm tɪ ˈoʊvər 90 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən ənd ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv spɛr ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən ðə ˈkɑrənt peɪs əv ɑrmz baɪɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈriʤən gɪvz ˈlɪtəl ˈrizən fər ˈɑptɪˌmɪzəm. ˈivɪn ɛz ˈsɔdi ɔɪl ˈrɛvəˌnuz wər dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ ˌpriˈsɪpɪtəsli təˈwɔrdz ðə ɛnd əv 2014 ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə wɑz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ɪts ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈspɛndɪŋ tɪ mɔr ðən tɛn pərˈsɛnt əv ɪts ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈærəb ˈɛmərˌeɪts ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈspɛndɪŋ wɑz ˈsɪmələrli haɪ æt θri tɪ fɔr pərˈsɛnt əv ɪts gdp*, wɪθ ˌkəˈtɑr æt tu tɪ θri juz. ˈpɑləsi fɛd ˈɪntu ðɪs ˈrɪski trɛnd wɪθ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈprɑməsɪŋ nu seɪlz ɪn ɑrmz tɪ ðə gcc*, ɪn ðə ˈæftərˌmæθ əv ðə hɪˈstɔrɪk ˈnukliər dil wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑn, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə 5 ˈbɪljən dil wɪθ ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə fər 600 ˈpeɪtriət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ə ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈɛfərt tɪ rɪˈdus hɑˈstɪlətiz əˈməŋ ki pleɪərz ənd ˈjunəˌfaɪ ðə ˈɛfərt tɪ stɑp ˈaɪsəs. ˈrəʃə fər ɪts pɑrt simz tɪ hæv rɪˈʤɛktɪd ə ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk səˈluʃən fər ðə taɪm biɪŋ, kəˈmɪtɪŋ mɔr trups ənd məˈtɪriəl tɪ ðə əˈsɑd rəˈʒim ɪn ɑr hɪˈstɔrɪkəl æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˈriʤənəl wɔrz ɔn lɔŋ tərm ɔɪl ˈmɑrkɪt trɛnz wʊd səˈʤɛst ðət ðə kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən əv ˈkɑrənt ˈkɑnflɪkts kʊd hæv ˈmeɪʤər ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz fər ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl ɔɪl səˈplaɪ. ɪn ə ˈstədi wɪθ ˈkoʊˈɑθər ˈmæmud el-gamal*, hu ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪz dɪˈskrit ˈtrænsfɔrm (dwt*) æˈnælɪsɪs tɪ ˈmɛʒər ðə ˈifɛkts əv praɪs ənd ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt rɪˈtərn ˈvɛriəbəlz ɔn ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən æt ˈvɛriəs ˈfrikwənsiz, wi faʊnd ðət wɔrz ɪn wɪʧ ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən ənd ˈɛkspɔrt ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər wər ˈdæmɪʤd, rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt dɪˌskɑntɪˈnuɪti ɪn ɔɪl ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ˈdætə səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈkɑnflɪkts ˈoʊvər ɔɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt dɪsˈrəpʃənz ɪn ɔɪl kəˈpæsɪti ɪn ðə ˈmidiəm tərm ənd bɪɔnd, ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz haɪər fər səm ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm ənˈtɪl ˈmɑrkɪts kən əˈʤəst. æˈnælɪsɪs kənˈdəktəd baɪ ˈpitər tɑft ɪkˈsplɔrz ðə lɪŋk bɪtˈwin ˌɪntrəˈsteɪt ˈkɑnflɪkt ənd ɔɪl səˈplaɪ dɪsˈrəpʃənz ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈdɪfərənt ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi. baɪ rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kɔrs əv ðə 39 ˈsɪvəl wɔrz ɪn ɔɪl prəˈdusɪŋ ˈkəntriz bɪtˈwin 1965 ənd 2007 tɑft kənˈkludz ðət ˌɪntrəˈsteɪt ˈkɑnflɪkt ˌɪntərˈmɪtəntli lidz tɪ ɔɪl səˈplaɪ dɪsˈrəpʃənz əraʊnd ˈfɪfti pərˈsɛnt əv ðə taɪm. 17 waɪl əˈsɛsmənt sərvz ɛz ə ˈvæljəbəl ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər əv ðə ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˌɪmˈpækts əv ˈsɪvəl wɔr, ɪt feɪlz tɪ teɪk ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðət draɪv daʊn ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən. ðɛr ɪz ən ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ðət ə proʊˈtræktɪd ˈprɔˌsɛs əv kənˈsɑləˌdeɪtɪŋ paʊər ðət ˈfɑloʊz ðə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən əv ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈpɑləˌtɪks kən bi fɑr mɔr ˈhɑrmfəl tɪ ɔɪl ˈsɛktər ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ənd ðəs pərˈdəkʃən kəˈpæsɪti ðən ˈsɪmpli ðə ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧərəl ˈdæmɪʤ ˌɪnˈkərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl kɔrs əv ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt. ɑr æˈnælɪsɪs ʃoʊz ðət wɔr ˈdæmɪʤd fəˈsɪlɪtiz ˈɔfən rɪˈmeɪn ˈɔˌflaɪn fər prəˈlɔŋd ˈpɪriədz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈkɑnflɪkt, ɪf nɑt fər ən ˌɪnˈdɛfənət mɪˈlɪʃəz θruaʊt ðə ˈmɪdəl ist hæv ˈlərnɪd ðeɪ kən ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə əˈθɔrəti əv ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈlidərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə ˈriʤən baɪ ˈoʊvərˌteɪkɪŋ ɔɪl ə praɪm ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðɪs ˈstrætəʤi həz bɪn ˈæmpli ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ɪn ˈlɪˌbiə wɛr wət maɪt hæv bɪn ə səkˈsɛsfəl trænˈzɪʃənɪŋ ˈgəvərnmənt fɛl ˈɪntu ˌdɪsəˈreɪ ɛz ˈrɛbəl ˈfækʃənz græbd ənd tərnd ɔf ki ɔɪl ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃənz, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈistərn ˈlɪˌbiən ə mɔr θˈrɛtənɪŋ trɛnd ɪz ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ˈaɪsəs ɔn ə ˈsɪmələr ˈstrætəʤi, wən ðət ɪz ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ɔɪl ənd gæs pərˈdəkʃən kəˈpæsɪti ɪn kənˈtɛstəd ˈɛriəz ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk, ˈsɪriə, ˈjɛmən, ənd ˈlɪˌbiə. ðɛr ɪz ə duəl θrɛt tɪ ˈriʤənəl ɔɪl fəˈsɪlɪtiz frəm boʊθ ðə raɪz əv ˈaɪsəs ənd ˈɛskəˌleɪtɪŋ ˈprɑksi wɔrz əraʊnd ðə ˈmɪdəl ist. nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz ˈmeɪʤər pərˈdəkʃən ənd ˈɛkspɔrt ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk, ˈsɪriə ənd ˈlɪˌbiə æt rɪsk, bət ˈaɪsəs ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ θˈrɛtənɪŋ ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈkəntriz ʃʊd ˈkɑnflɪkt sprɛd tɪ ɪts ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈspɑnsərz. ˈaɪsəs həz ɔˈrɛdi əˈtækt səˈvɪljən ˈʃiə kəmˈjunɪtiz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈtɑrgəts ɪn ˈsɔdi ˈistərn ˈprɑvɪns ənd ɪn kuˈweɪt. ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə həz ˈfɔrtəˌfaɪd ɪts ˈnɔrðərn ˈbɔrdərz wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑk wɪθ mɔr ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ənd trups, waɪl ˌɪˈrɑniən ˈfɔrsɪz hæv muvd ˈɪntu pəˈzɪʃənz nɪr ðə ˈsəðərn ˌɪˈræki ɔɪl fildz, ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə rɪsks əv ˈbɔrdər ðə əv ˈbɔrdər ˈɛriəz soʊ ˈhɛvəli ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd wɪθ ɔɪl fildz ənd ˈɛkspɔrt ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər brɪŋz wɪθ ɪt juˈnik rɪsks. ʤɛf ˈkoʊlgən, ɪn hɪz keɪs ˈstədi əˈproʊʧ tɪ haʊ ɔɪl kən fjuəl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈkɑnflɪkt, rɪˈfərz tɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz æt pleɪ ɪn ðə ˈriʤən təˈdeɪ: əv ˈsɪvəl wars”*” ɪn ənd fər insurgencies”*” ər kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ tɪ ˈvaɪələns əˈkrɔs ðə ənd ðə ɔɪl ˈrɛvəˌnu əv ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈærəb ˈɛmərˌeɪts, ˌkəˈtɑr, ˈrəʃə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn həz tɪ səm dɪˈgri ˈɪnsəˌleɪtɪd ˈrulərz frəm dəˈmɛstɪk ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən, pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛm, ɛz ʤɛf ənd others’*’ æˈnælɪˌsiz wʊd səˈʤɛst, ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ˈrɪski ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi ˈaɪsəs ənd ɔɪl ˈkɑnflɪkt ðə ˌækˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən əv ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ɔɪl fəˈsɪlɪtiz baɪ grups ɪz ˈrutɪd ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri ðə riˈprɛʃən əv sɛkˈtɛriən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪntərɪsts ɪn ˈkəntriz səʧ ɛz ˌɪˈrɑk, ˈlɪˌbiə ənd ˈsɪriə. ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz, sɛkˈtɛriən kəmˈjunɪtiz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ɔɪl prəˈdusɪŋ ˈriʤənz dɪd nɑt rɪˈsiv ən ˈɛkwɪtəbəl ʃɛr ɪn ˈwaɪdər ˈnæʃənəl ˈbəʤɪts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə reɪn əv əˌθɔrəˈtɛriən rəˈʒimz, ənd ðɪs həz kriˈeɪtɪd ˈlɑrʤər ˈprɑbləmz ɪn ðə spərɪŋ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ˌdɪsəˈgrimənts ˈoʊvər ðə dɪˈvɪʒən əv steɪt ɔɪl ˈrɛvəˌnuz hæv ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪtɪd ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ sɛkˈtɛriən ˈkɑnflɪkt ɪn nɑt ˈoʊnli ˌɪˈrɑk, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ˈlɪˌbiə ənd ˈsɪriə. ɪn ðə keɪs əv wɪn muˈæmər ruld ˈlɪˌbiə, ˈsɪtɪzənz ɪn ðə ist hæd hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈgrivənsɪz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈʃɛrɪŋ əv ɔɪl ˈrɛvəˌnuz wɪʧ ˌəndərˈmaɪnd ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈgəvərnmənt ənd pʊt ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən fər kənˈtroʊl əv ɔɪl fəˈsɪlɪtiz æt ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə ˈsɪvəl ˈkɑnflɪkt. ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv ən ˈifɛktɪv ˈlɪˌbiən ˈgəvərnmənt, ə ˈprɑksi wɔr ˌɪˈrəptɪd ɛz ˈraɪvəl ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈærəb steɪts səˈpɔrtɪd kəmˈpitɪŋ ˈlidərz ənd mɪˈlɪʃəz (ˌkəˈtɑr ənd ˈtərki bækt ðə prəˈvɪʒənəl ˈgəvərnmənt beɪst ɪn ˈtrɪpəli waɪl ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈærəb ˈɛmərˌeɪts ənd ˈiʤɪpt bækt ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈgəvərnmənt ˈsɪʧuˌeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈistərn pɑrt əv ðə ˈkəntri). ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ keɪɑs kriˈeɪtɪd ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ɪkˈstrimɪst grups laɪk æl ənd ˈaɪsəs ðət hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ skeɪl əp ðɛr ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ənd ər ˈkərəntli ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kæmˈpeɪn tɪ siz kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ˈlɪˌbiən ɔɪl ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ər dɪˈnaɪ ɪt tɪ kəmˈpitɪŋ ˈfækʃənz. wən ˈθɪri səˈʤɛsts ðət dɪˈpraɪvɪŋ ˈɛni pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈlɪˌbiən ˈjunɪti ˈgəvərnmənt əv ɔɪl wɛlθ eɪmz tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ə nu ˈgəvərnmənt frəm ˈifɛktɪvli ˈfaɪtɪŋ ənd dɪˈfitɪŋ ˈgɪvɪn ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti ənd ðə fækt ðət ɑrmd mɪˈlɪʃəz frəm boʊθ saɪdz ˈtərgət ðə ɔɪl ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər, ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən həz ˌəndərˈstændəbli ˈfləkʧəˌweɪtɪd ˈwaɪdli, wɪθ ˈaʊtˌpʊt ˈkərəntli æt əraʊnd, daʊn frəm 1 ˈmɪljən prəˈdust ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər ˈaɪsəs ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ə tərf ˈbætəl ɪn ˈjɛmən wɪθ ðə mɔr ɪˈstæblɪʃt æl ɪn ðə əˈreɪbiən pəˈnɪnsələ (aqap*), wɪʧ fərst meɪd ɪts ˈprɛzəns noʊn ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ðɪs mɑrʧ baɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈkrɛdɪt fər ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ˈbɑmɪŋz æt tu səˈnɑ ʃiaɪt mɔsks ɪn wɪʧ 137 ˈpipəl wər kɪld ənd əˈnəðər 357 ðə dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪtɪŋ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən kɔzd baɪ ðə ˈməltəˌtud əv ˈwɔrɪŋ ˈfækʃənz ɪn ˈjɛmən həz reɪzd ðə ˈspɛktər əv ɪkˈstrimɪst grups ˈkæpʧərɪŋ ɔɪl ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər. ɪn əv 2015 ðə ˈjɛməni ˈɑrmi ˈsidɪd kənˈtroʊl əv ə grup əv ɔɪl fildz tɪ ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən əv ɑrmd traɪbz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈɛriə frəm biɪŋ ˈkæpʧərd baɪ ðə ˈprɑksi wɔr biɪŋ fɔt bɪtˈwin ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn ɪn ˈjɛmən həz kɔzd ðə ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən tɪ fɔl ɔf ˈʃɑrpli, frəm kəˈpæsɪti əv ɪn ðə fərst kˈwɔrtər əv 2015 tɪ əraʊnd æt ˈprɛzənt wɪθ pərˈdəkʃən pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈtoʊtəli ˈstɑpɪŋ ɛz ˈstɔrɪʤ bɪˈkəmz fʊl ənd ˈɛkspɔrts ər ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt həz ˈprɑmptɪd ˈjɛmən koʊ. tɪ dɪˈklɛr fɔrs məˈʤur, ˈhɔltɪŋ ˈaʊtˌpʊt ənd ˈɛkspɔrts frəm ðə ˈsɪŋgəl wɪn ˈaɪsəs bɪˈgæn ɪts kæmˈpeɪn ɪn ʤun 2014 tɪ fɔrm ən ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk baɪ ˈsizɪŋ lɑrʤ əv lænd ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˌɪˈrɑk ənd ˈistərn ˈsɪriə, əv ˈpɛrəˌmaʊnt ˈɪntəˌrɛst tɪ ðə grup wɑz ˈgeɪnɪŋ kənˈtroʊl əv ɔɪl fildz ənd ˈkæpɪtəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɔn ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ɔɪl sˈməgəlɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ˌɪˈnɪʃəl haɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪts əv 1 tɪ 3 ˈmɪljən ə deɪ fər isis’*’ ɔɪl ˈərnɪŋz wər beɪst ɔn ə ˈwəˌtaɪm geɪn frəm daʊn ˈpaɪˌplaɪnz, ˈstɔrɪʤ tæŋks ənd ˈpəmpɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ˈnɔrðərn bət mɔr ˈrisəntli, ðə ɪkˈstrimɪst grup ɪz ˈfaɪndɪŋ ɪt ˈkænɑt səˈsteɪn ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən, boʊθ bɪˈkəz ɪt læks ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈnoʊˌhaʊ ənd bɪˈkəz ɪts ˈfaɪtərz ˈkænɑt steɪv ɔf əˈtæks tɪ riˈkæpʧər ki fju ˈpipəl wɪθ strɔŋ ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌɛkspərˈtiz hæv rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ənd ðə ˈɛfərts tɪ koʊərs skɪld stæf ˈɪntu steɪɪŋ hæv pruvd ˈsɪriəs rɪˈpɛr ər mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks prəˈsiʤərz, səʧ ɛz ˈwɔtər ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃən æt məˈʧʊr prəˈdusɪŋ fildz, ɪz ˈpruvɪŋ ə ˈʧælənʤ fər ɛz əv ðə ˈsəmər əv 2014 ˈaɪsəs hæd kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər hæf ə ˈdəzən ˈsɪriən ˈɔɪlˌfildz (al-furat*, al-omar*, ənd ez-zor*) ðət praɪər tɪ ðə wɔr hæd ə kəˈpæsɪti əv æt ˈprɛzənt, ˈaɪsəs pərˈdəkʃən ɪn ˈsɪriə həz ʃrəŋk tɪ ə ˈtrɪkəl, wɪθ moʊst fildz pərˈdəktɪv kəˈpæsɪti dɪˈstrɔɪd fər ɔl ˈpræktɪkəl ˈpərpəsɪz. ə ˈsɪmələr feɪt həz bəˈfɑlən ˈsɛvərəl sˈmɔlər ɔɪl fildz ˈkæpʧərd baɪ ˈaɪsəs ɪn ˈnɔrðərn wɛr ðə ɪkˈstrimɪst grup sɛt ɔɪl wɛlz ɔn faɪər ɛz ðeɪ riˈtritɪd frəm ˈbætəl. ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ɛz ə tul əv ˈprɑksi wɔr ðə ˈvaɪələns ðət ɪz ˈrikɪŋ ˈhævək ɔn ðiz ˈriʤənəl ɔɪl fəˈsɪlɪtiz həz ə ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɛləmənt. ɛz ɪn ðə, ˈriʤənəl ˈprɑksi wɔrz ər ˈprɑmptɪŋ ə praɪs wɔr frəm ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ənd ɪts gəlf ˈælaɪz ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ ˈwikən ðə ˈəðər saɪd, ˈnoʊtəbli ˈrəʃə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn. ˈrəʃə həz bɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər ɑrmz səˈplaɪər ənd ˈælaɪ tɪ ˈsɪriə ənd həz prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈtɛknɪkəl ənd ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk səˈpɔrt fər ˈnukliər ˈproʊˌgræm ənd ˈriʤənəl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈrəʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn ˌɪˈnɪʃəli traɪd tɪ pleɪ ɔl saɪdz baɪ ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ə reɪnʤ əv ˈnukliər ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈsɪstəns ɪn ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈdʊrɪŋ ə 2008 ˈvɪzɪt, ðɛn ˈsɔdi ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər, ðə leɪt prɪns sɔd al-faisal*, meɪd ɪt klɪr ðət ˈɛni ˌræˌproʊʃˈmɑn hæd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈmɔˌskaʊ kərˈteɪlɪŋ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ˈsɪriə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈdrɑpɪŋ ðə seɪl əv ˈrəʃən ˈmɪsəlz ˈsɪstəmz tɪ ˈrəʃə spərnd ðə ˈsɔdi kənˈdɪʃənz, ˈskətəlɪŋ ðə ˈʧænsɪz əv ˈgreɪtər kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən ɔn ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz æt ðət taɪm. ˈɛvədəns səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈrəʃə faʊnd ðət ɪts ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪz ɛnˈhænst baɪ ɪts ˈfrɛndli riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑn. baɪ ˈbækɪŋ ˌɪˈrɑn ˌmɪləˈtɛrəli, ˈrəʃə geɪnd ˈlɛvərɪʤ θru ə ˈriʤənəl ˈprɑksi hu kʊd dɪˈrɛkli ˈɪnfluəns ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti əv ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ənd ˌkəˈtɑr, meɪn kəmˈpitɪŋ ˈɛnərʤi səˈplaɪərz. əˈlaɪəns wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑn, waɪl ˈsəmˈwət ˈtɛnjəwəs, prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈkaʊntərˌweɪt tɪ ðə θrɛt ðət ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ənd ˌkəˈtɑr wʊd kəˈlud wɪθ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts tɪ ˈwikən ˈmɔˌskaʊ ˈviə ən ˈɛnərʤi ˈmɑrkɪt ʃɛr wɔr. ˈrəʃə ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd tɪ səˈpɔrt ˌɪˈrɑn tɪ kənˈstreɪn ðə səkˈsɛs əv ˈsuni ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst ˈmuvmənts ðət maɪt sprɛd tɪ ɪts ˌɪnˈdid, baɪ 2009 ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə bɪˈgæn ˈhɪntɪŋ ðət ən ɔɪl praɪs wɔr kʊd bi ɪn ðə kɑrdz, ʃʊd ˈmɔˌskaʊ kənˈtɪnju tɪ θˈrɛtən ðə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti θru ɪts ɑrmz seɪlz tɪ ˌɪˈrɑn ənd səˈpɔrt əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əv bəˈʃɪr əv ˈsɪriə. ðə ˈsɔdi θrɛt wɑz məˈtɪriəl tɪ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈaʊˌtlʊk, ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈsɪmələr ˈsɔdi strəˈtiʤɪk muvz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən ənd ˌɪˈrɑn. ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə həz səkˈsɛsfəli prəˈvaɪdɪd səˈpɔrt tɪ ˈriʤənəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈmuvmənts, mɪˈlɪʃəz, ər ðət kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈfeɪljər ɪn ˈsɔdi əˈbɪləˌti tɪ fləd ɔɪl ˈmɑrkɪts æt wɪl həz ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪd ə roʊl ɪn ˈvɛriəs ˈɛfərts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ loʊərɪŋ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz tɪ ˈprɛʃər ˌɪˈrɑn ˈdʊrɪŋ ɪts wɔr wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑk, tɪ ˈwikən ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən ˈæftər ɪts ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv æfˈgænəˌstæn, ənd tɪ iz ðə ˈprɛʃər ɔn ˈgloʊbəl ˈmɑrkɪts əˈhɛd əv ðə juz. ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv ɪn 2013 dɪˈskərɪʤd ðət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɑz nɑt ˌɪntərˈvinɪŋ ɪn ˈsɪriə ənd ənˈhæpi wɪθ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən fər pərˈsuɪŋ ə ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk əˈgrimənt wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑn, ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə əˈproʊʧt ˈmɔˌskaʊ tɪ si ˈwɛðər ə ˈdaɪəˌlɔg kʊd kənˈvɪns ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn tɪ ˈɔltər ɪts səˈpɔrt fər ðə rəˈʒimz ɪn dəˈmæskəs ənd ˌteɪˈrɑn. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wən ˈmidiə əˈkaʊnt, ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ˈɔfərd ə ˌgɛrənˈti nɑt tɪ juz ə ˈsɪriə ɛz ə ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən həb fər kəmˈpitɪŋ ˈnæʧərəl gæs ˈʃɪpmənts tɪ ˈjʊrəp ɪf ˈrəʃə wʊd wɪθˈdrɔ ɪts ˈkɑrənt ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈsɪriən ˈəðər ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən əˈsumd ðət riɑd wʊd ˈɔfər əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən ɔn ɔɪl praɪs ˈlɛvəlz ɪf ˈrəʃə wʊd bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ treɪd ɪts pəˈlɪtɪkəl stæns ɔn ˈsɪriə fər səm sɔrt əv kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˈsɔdiz ɪn ˈɛnərʤi ˈmɑrkɪts. ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv wɑz ə nɑnˈstɑrtər. baɪ 2014 ɪn laɪn wɪθ ˈpɑləsiz sin bæk ɪn ðə, ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə wɑz sˈlæʃɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ˈmɑrkɪt ʃɛr ɪn ə ˈmænər ðət wɑz ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkli kənˈvinjənt. ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə bɪˈgæn tɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt praɪs rɪˈdəkʃənz fər juz. ənd ˈeɪʒən ˈkəstəmərz ɪn muvz ˈwaɪdli ˌɪnˈtərprətəd æt ðə taɪm ɛz ə saɪn ðət ðə ˈkɪŋdəm wɑz ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ə praɪs wɔr dɪˈrɛktɪd, ɪn lɑrʤ ˈmɛʒər, æt ˈrəʃə ənd baɪ ˈərli 2015 ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz hæd ˈkreɪtərd tɪ 50 ə ˈbɛrəl. ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkli, ðə fɔl ɪn ˈpraɪsɪz tɪ 50 ə ˈbɛrəl həz bɪn ˈifɛktɪv bət nɑt dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv. kræks ˌɪˈnɪʃəli bɪˈkeɪm əˈpɛrənt ɪn ðə ˈjunɪti əv ðə ˈɪnər ˈsərkəl əv ˈprɛzɪdənt vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn ɛz loʊər ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ənd juz. ˈsæŋkʃənz tʊk ðɛr toʊl ɔn ðə ˈrəʃən ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd ˈwɛlθiəst ˈoʊlɪˌgɑrks. bət loʊ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz dɪd nɑt dɪˈtərd ˈrəʃə frəm ɪts səˈpɔrt fər rəˈʒim. mɔˈroʊvər, ˈdʊrɪŋ ɪts dɪˈskəʃənz əˈbaʊt ɪts ˈnukliər ˈproʊˌgræm wɪθ ðə paʊərz, ˌteɪˈrɑn wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ stɪl ɪkˈspændɪŋ ɪts ˈriʤənəl paʊər θru ˈprɑksi wɔrz, kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrist səˈpɔrt fər ən ˌɛskəˈleɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈjɛmən wɔr, wɪʧ ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ə riˈbaʊnd ɪn ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz tɪ 60 ə ˈbɛrəl. ɔɪl ˈmuvmənts θru ðə ˈsuɛz kəˈnæl hæv tɪ ˈtrævərs ðə bæb chokepoint*, wɪʧ ˈbɔrdərz ˈjɛmən ənd ˈrəfli θri tɪ fɔr ˈmɪljən əv ɔɪl ˈtrævəlz ðət waɪl ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl fər ˈʃɪpərz tɪ ˈbaɪˌpæs ðə ˈsuɛz kəˈnæl, ˌɛskəˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt ɪn ˈjɛmən ənˈnərvd ɔɪl ˈmɑrkɪts fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈrizənz. ˈfərstli, ɪt ʃoʊd ðət ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt bɪtˈwin ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ sprɛd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈriʤən, wɪθ ˈnɛgətɪv ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz fər ˈriʤənəl pərˈdəkʃən. ˈsɛkəndli ənd moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, ɪt ʃoʊd ðət ˈrəʃə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn wər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ juz ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri fɔrs tɪ ˈkaʊntər ˈsɔdi ˈɛfərts tɪ loʊər ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz. ðə səkˈsɛsfəl kənˈkluʒən əv ðə ˈnukliər dil nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑn peɪvd ðə weɪ fər rɪˈnud ˈɛfərts baɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts tɪ ˈbroʊkər ə pis ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ɪn ˈsɪriə. ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wərkt ˈoʊvərˌtaɪm tɪ gɪt ˈmɪdəl ist dɪˈploʊməsi ɔf ðə graʊnd tɪ pruv ðət ðə ˈplɪtɪkli ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˌɪˈrɑniən dil kʊd peɪv ðə weɪ fər ə ˈbɛtər ˈmɪdəl ist. ə ˈfləri əv ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ækˈtɪvɪti ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl ˈmitɪŋz bɪtˈwin ˈrəʃən ənd ˈsɔdi ˈdɪpləˌmæts, ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər ənd ˈsɪriən ˈprɛzɪdənt bəˈʃɪr ənd ˌɪˈrɑniən ənd ˈlɛbəˌniz əˈfɪʃəlz. ðə ˈblɔgɔsˈfir wɑz ˈbəzɪŋ wɪθ ˈrumərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wən ðət riɑd ənd ˌteɪˈrɑn maɪt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈgri ɔn ə ˈfɔrmjələ ðət wʊd riˈstrɪkt ˌhɛzbɑˈlə bæk tɪ ˈlɛbənən, ˈkɔrdən bəˈʃɪr ɔf tɪ ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈtɪʧələr roʊl ənd bɪˈgɪn ˈsɪriəs nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz fər ən ˌɪnˈklusɪv pəˈlɪtɪkəl trænˈzɪʃən ɪn ˈsɪriə. wən rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ðə dil pərˈpɔrts ən ˌɪˈrɑniən prəˈpoʊzəl ðət ɛnˈkəmpəsəz ə ˈsisˈfaɪər ənd ˌfʊlˈskeɪl, fri ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪn ˈrəʃə ˈædɪd tɪ ðə pərˈsivd moʊˈmɛntəm æt ðə taɪm wɪn fˈjoʊdər ˈlukjənɑv, ˈʧɛrmən əv ə ˈkaʊnsəl ðət ædˈvaɪzɪz ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn ɔn ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi, ˈətərd ə saɪn əv ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti ɔn roʊl ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz, proʊˈkleɪmɪŋ: stɪl bɪˈlivz ðət əˈsɑd ʃʊd goʊ, bət naʊ ðeɪ ər ə ˈlɪtəl lɛs ʃʊr ðət ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪv wɪl bi stɪl bɪˈlivz hi ʃʊd steɪ, bət ˈkænɑt ˌɪgˈnɔr ðət ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ, ðət ðə strəˈtiʤɪk pəˈzɪʃən əv ˈsɪriə ɪz məʧ wərs naʊ ðən ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ɔl ˈpɑrtiz maɪt kənˈsɪdər ə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˈsɪriə lɛd tɪ ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən ðət ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn meɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ wərk mɔr koʊˈɑprətɪvli ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən əv pəˈtroʊliəm ɪkˈspɔrtɪŋ ˈkəntriz (ˈoʊˌpɛk), wɪθ ˈrumərz ðət ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə meɪ bi ˌɪnˈklaɪnd tɪ kənˈsɪdər ən ˈoʊˌpɛk flɔr praɪs əv 60 tɪ 65 ə ˈbɛrəl ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər ə ˈsɪriəs ˌɪˈrɑniən kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ə pis ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪn ˈsɪriə. waɪl loʊ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz hæv fɔrst ˈmɔˌskaʊ tɪ teɪk drəˈkoʊniən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk stɛps, soʊ fɑr ɪt həz nɑt ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli prəˈdust ðə dɪˈzaɪərd ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk kəˌpɪʧəˈleɪʃən. ɛz prɪˈdɪktɪd baɪ ˈrɑbərt ənd ˈmɛgən, ə ˈwikər ˈrəʃə wɪl nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli min ə lɛs ˈʧælənʤɪŋ kʊd sik tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ɪts ˈriʤənəl ˈɪnfluəns ɪn mɔr dɪˈrɛkt weɪz θru ðə prɑˈʤɛkʃən əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌɪnˈdid, juz. ˈsəmər ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈɛfərts ˈfɪzəld kˈwɪkli baɪ ˈɔtəm, wɪθ ˈrəʃə ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə fækts ɔn ðə graʊnd θru dɪˈrɛkt ˈrəʃən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən. ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃənz ər ənd ˈsərtənli ˌɪnˈklud prəˈtɛktɪŋ ɪts səbˈstænʃəl ˈɪntərɪsts ɪn ˈsɪriə ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪts prɪˈfərd ˈaʊtˌkəm ðət meɪnˈteɪnz ˈsɪriə ɛz ən ˌɪˈrɑniən ˈbʊlwərk əˈgɛnst ˈsuni səm ˈænəlɪsts ər səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ˈmɔˌskaʊ ɪz ˈoʊvərli ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk əˈbaʊt dɪˈfitɪŋ ˈsɪriən ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən grups. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ɪt ɪz səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˈpriviəs ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ˈdʊrɪŋ ɪts ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv æfˈgænəˌstæn meɪ pruv ˌɪnˈstrəktɪv, wɪθ ɔl ˈsɪriən ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈfɔrsɪz stɪl ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɪn ˈərnɪst ɔn ðə əˈsɑd kæmp, ənd ˈseɪvɪŋ ˈɛnərʤiz əˈgɛnst iʧ ˈəðər fər ə ˈleɪtər ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt ɪz stɪl nɑt klɪr ɛz ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɛnt tɪ prɛs ˈwɛðər ˈrəʃə ˌɪnˈtɛndz tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ðə ˈsɔdiz baɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn pis nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz, ər ˈwɛðər ðə ˈrəʃən ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt ɔn bɪˈhæf əv əˈsɑd ɪz mɛnt tɪ hoʊld ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ˈmɔˌskaʊ ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən tɪ juz ˈsɪriə tɪ əˈsərt ðɛmˈsɛlvz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkɪŋdəm ənd rɪˈstɔr ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz. waɪl ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm ɪn ˈsɪriə ɪz ənˈsərtən, ðə ˈrəʃən muv ˈklɪrli ˈkɑmplɪˌkeɪts ðə ˈlænˌskeɪp ɪn ðə ˈriʤən, ənd livz ˈoʊpən ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈɛskəˌleɪtɪŋ ˈvaɪələns. ˈpævəl ənd ˈʤɛrəˌmi ʃəˈpɪroʊ əv ˈbrʊkɪŋz səˈʤɛst ˌɪnˈkrist ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən meɪ ˈsɪmpli bi dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ə pəˈzɪʃən əv strɛŋθ frəm wɪʧ tɪ brɪŋ ˈmɔˌskaʊ bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈsɛnər əv dɪˈploʊməsi ˈoʊvər bət ðeɪ ər ˈskɛptɪkəl ðət ˈrəʃə wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ɪts pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt tɪ riʧ ə dɪˈzaɪərd goʊl. ˈrəʃə meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈbrɔdər goʊlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪtɪŋ juz. ˈælaɪz boʊθ ɪn ðə ˈriʤən ənd ɪn ˈjʊrəp, tɪ ˈɪnfluəns ɔɪl ˈpɑləsi ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɔŋgər tərm, ɛz wɛl ɛz tɪ ˈwikən strəˈtiʤɪk əˈlaɪənsɪz ðət kʊd bi juzd əˈgɛnst ˈrəʃə, ɪts ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪntərɪsts ər ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt rəˈʒim. ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ˈrəʃə həz ˈæktɪd tɪ ˌriəˈsərt ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɔn ðə wərld steɪʤ boʊθ θru ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri minz ənd baɪ ˈtæpɪŋ ˈɛnərʤi ɛz ə ˈwɛpən fər ˈlɛvərɪʤ tɪ ɛnˈhæns ɪts ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər juz. ˈstrætəʤi ɛz ˈkɑnflɪkts kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈsɪmər ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist, mɪˈlɪʃəz ənd ɪkˈstrimɪst grups wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ traɪ tɪ ˈkæpʧər ɔɪl fildz ənd ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər. ðɪs tərn əv ɪˈvɛnts ɪz ə ˈsɪriəs ˈʧælənʤ tɪ stəˈbɪlɪti əˈkrɔs ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ənd tɪ ðə ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi. jɪrz əv ˈkɑnflɪkt hæv ˈteɪkən ðɛr toʊl ɔn ðə steɪt əv ðə ɔɪl ˈɪndəstriz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈmɪdəl ist. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, teɪk ðə keɪs əv ˌɪˈrɑn: ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən ˈævrɪʤd əraʊnd sɪks ˈmɪljən ɪn ðə leɪt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˌɪˈrɑniən ˌrɛvəˈluʃənz frəm 1978 ˌɪˈrɑniən ˈaʊtˌpʊt fɛl tɪ ˈmɪljən; θri ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈleɪtər, ðə ɔɪl ˈaʊtˌpʊt kəˈpæsɪti stændz æt lɛs ðən ˈsɪksti pərˈsɛnt əv ɪts ɪn naɪˈʤɪriə, rəˈʒim ʧeɪnʤ ˈprɑmptɪd ə ˈsɪmələr ˈaʊtˌkəm: ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ɪn 1967 sæŋk ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən baɪ əraʊnd ˈfɔrti ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə trænˈzɪʃən frəm ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri rul ɪn 1979 ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən drɑpt ˈθərˌdi pərˈsɛnt, kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ɪts dɪˈklaɪn ənˈtɪl ɪn ˈlɪˌbiə, ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl lɪŋks bɪtˈwin rəˈʒim ʧeɪnʤ ənd ɔɪl ˈaʊtˌpʊt ˈɔfər ə ˈpreɪˌlud fər ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri steɪt: muˈæmər əˈsɛnʃən tɪ paʊər ɪn 1969 lɛd tɪ ə ˈræpɪd ɪˌvæpərˈeɪʃən əv ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ənd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ðə ɔɪl ˈsɛktər. baɪ 1975 ðə ˈpriviəs ˈaʊtˌpʊt ˈævərɪʤ əv ˈmɪljən hæd səŋk ˈoʊvər ˈfɪfti pərˈsɛnt, ənd baɪ 1985 ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən hæd drɑpt tɪ ə mɪr ðə ˈpɑrtiz tɪ ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt ɪn ˈsɪriə meɪ bi soʊ ˈnumərəs ənd ðə daɪˈnæmɪks fˈjulɪŋ ˈkɑnflɪkt soʊ ˈkɑmplɛks, ðət ɪt ɪz hɑrd tɪ si haʊ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈɪnfluəns ðə ˈaʊtˌkəmz ɪt maɪt kənˈsɪdər dɪˈzaɪərəbəl. ɪt həz bɪn ˈɑrgjud ðət ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɪʃənz tɪ dɪˈgreɪd ˈaɪsəs frəm ðə ɛr, ənd treɪn ənd ɪkˈwɪp ðə ˈloʊkəl adversaries,”*,” ər ðə ki tɪ ðə ˈnidɪd ˌɪnˈgridiənts əv bət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kən priˈpɛr ˌɪtˈsɛlf fər ðə ˈɛnərʤi ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz ðət maɪt kəm frəm kənˈtɪnjud ˈvaɪələns ənd dɪˈstrəkʃən ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts həz ˈhæmpərd ɪts pəˈtɛnʃəli ɛnˈhænst ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈstæʧər baɪ ˈkipɪŋ ɪts oʊn ɔɪl ˈsərpləs ʃiðd. juz. taɪt ɔɪl kʊd bi ə ˈgreɪtər ˈbɛnəfɪt tɪ juz. ˈælaɪz ənd fri ˈmɑrkɪts, ɪf ˈkɑŋgrəs wər tɪ lɪft ðə 40 jɪr oʊld ˈɛkspɔrt bæn. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kən du məʧ mɔr tɪ juz ɪts ˌædvənˈteɪʤəs ˈɛnərʤi pəˈzɪʃən tɪ ɛnˈhæns ɪts ˈgloʊbəl ˈlidərˌʃɪp. ɛz ənd noʊt, ðə juz. ʃeɪl bum prəˈvaɪdz ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɪθ ðə tulz tɪ ðə ˈɪnstrəmənts əv juz. ˈkɑrənt ˈpɑləsiz əv ˈlɪmətɪŋ ˈnæʧərəl gæs ˈɛkspɔrts ənd ˈbænɪŋ krud ɔɪl ˈɛkspɔrts məst bi kənˈsɪdərd ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv juz. ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈlidərˌʃɪp ənd nɑt ʤɪst ɪn ðə ˈkɑnˌfaɪnz əv juz. dəˈmɛstɪk pəˈlɪtɪkəl praɪˈɔrətiz. ɪn ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈkɑntɛkst, ˈhɔrdɪŋ ˈɛnərʤi səˈplaɪz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ɑr ˈbɔrdərz sɛndz ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ tɪ ˈəðər ˈkəntriz ðət ðeɪ tu ʃʊd bi ˈhɔrdɪŋ ðɛr ˈɛnərʤi. səʧ ˈætəˌtudz wər prɪˈsaɪsli wət ˈwərsənd ðə ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 1979 ɔɪl ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz baʊnd baɪ ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛnərʤi ˈeɪʤənsi (iea*) ˈimərʤənsi ˈstɑkˌpaɪl ˈsɪstəm tɪ ʃɛr ˈɛnərʤi ɪn taɪmz əv ˈimərʤənsi ər ˈmeɪʤər dɪsˈrəpʃən, soʊ ɪt simz ɔl ðə mɔr ˈludəkrəs ðət ɑr ˈhɔrdɪŋ əv səˈplaɪz wɪl bi ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ˈpɪriədz wɛr ˈɛnərʤi səˈplaɪ ɪz səˈfɪʃənt. stɪl, ðə juz. ɔɪl ˈbaʊnti ɪz nɑt ə səˈluʃən ˈəntu ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ɛz ɪt tu ɪz ˈvəlnərəbəl tɪ ðə ˈgloʊbəˌlaɪzd ɔɪl ˈsaɪkəl ənd əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈfɔˌlaʊt. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts məst ˈɔlsoʊ səˈsteɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈtɛndənsi tɪ loʊər ɪts ɔɪl dɪˈmænd, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈrisɔrs kərs baɪ ðə ˈsɪklɪkəl raɪz ɪn fjuəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ənd diˈkəplɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ frəm ˈkəstəˌmɛri dɪˈmænd ˈprɛʃərz. baɪ loʊərɪŋ ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ɔɪl ðət maɪt bi ˈnidɪd ɪn θri tɪ faɪv jɪrz θru ɪˈfɪʃənsi ənd ˌsəbstɪˈtuʃən, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kʊd ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˈkʊʃən ˌɪtˈsɛlf ənd ðə ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi frəm ðə nɛkst səˈplaɪ gæp ˈlaɪkli tɪ kəm ɪf ˈkɑnflɪkts ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈɛskəˌleɪt. ɛz juz. ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən (eia*) ˈænəlɪsts ˈʃərli nɛf ənd ˈmɑrgərɪt ˈkoʊlmən ʃoʊ ɪn ðə lɛd ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪn ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈɪʃu əv ˈɛnərʤi ˈstrætəʤi rəvˈjuz ɔn ““u.s*. ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns: ˈprɛzənt ənd ˈimərʤɪŋ issues,”*,” juz. ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈpɑləsiz ər ˈfaɪnəli peɪɪŋ ɔf, wɪθ juz. ɔɪl kənˈsəmʃən ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈɔlˌmoʊst 10 pərˈsɛnt bɪtˈwin 2005 ənd 2013 ənd ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ faɪnd ˈdipər rɪˈdəkʃənz ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ ˈdɛkeɪdz. juz. ɔɪl dɪˈmænd ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ dɪˈklaɪn baɪ mɔr ðən tˈwɛnti tɪ ˈθərˌdi pərˈsɛnt ɪn ðə nɛkst tˈwɛnti jɪrz, nɛf ənd ˈkoʊlmən ˈɑrgju, ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈpɑləsiz. 61 ðɛr ɪz noʊ kˈwɛʃən ðət ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ənd nu ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈstrætəʤiz baɪ juz. ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv brɔt əˈbaʊt ə ˌrɛnəˈsɑns ɪn juz. dəˈmɛstɪk ɔɪl ənd gæs pərˈdəkʃən, kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə proʊˈlɪfɪk juz. ˈɛnərʤi səˈplaɪ ˈaʊˌtlʊk. bət wɪˈθaʊt ˈgəvərnmənt ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən tɪ kərb ɑr ˈæpəˌtaɪt fər ɔɪl, ðɪs ˈraɪzɪŋ pərˈdəkʃən maɪt hæv dən ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən mit ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ˌɪnkrəˈmɛntəl dɪˈmænd. ðə ˈkɑnsəkwəns əv ðə juz. ɔɪl ˈɛkspɔrt bæn həz ˈʤɛnərəli bɪn ðə əˌkjumjəˈleɪʃən əv haɪ, ˈsərpləs krud ɔɪl ˌɪnvənˈtɔriz ðət tɛnd tɪ dɪˈprɛs juz. krud ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ ˈgloʊbəl ˈmɑrkɪts. ðə ˈɛkstrə ˈrɛvəˌnu ðət maɪt kəm frəm ˈɛkspɔrt ˈækˌsɛs wʊd nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈbɛnəfɪt ðə dəˈmɛstɪk juz. ɪˈkɑnəmi bət ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈdus səm ɔɪl ðət maɪt hæv ˈgɔtən bɪˈkəz əv ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks. ɪf ənd wɪn ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən kəˈpæsɪti ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist kənˈtrɪbjuts tɪ ə ˈtaɪtənɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪt, ˈælaɪz səʧ ɛz ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ənd ˈjʊrəp wɪl bi ˈigər tɪ hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ juz. ˈkɑndənˌseɪts ənd taɪt ɔɪl. səʧ ˈɛnərʤi treɪd ˈstrɛŋθənz ɑr taɪz tɪ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈælaɪz ənd ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈpɑrtnərz, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ɛnˈhænsɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkən paʊər ənd ˈɪnfluəns. ðə rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn ðə ˈlɛvəl əv juz. ɔɪl ˌɪmˈpɔrts ɪn laɪt əv ðə ʃeɪl bum ɪz ˈprɑmptɪŋ ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈkɑŋgrəs tɪ səˈʤɛst ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti maɪt ɪgˈzɪst tɪ sɛl ɔf ɔl ər pɑrt əv ðə ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ðə wɑz ə spɪˈsɪfɪk rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ənd ðə 1973 ˈærəb ɔɪl ˈɛni seɪlz frəm ðə rɪˈzərv məst kənˈsɪdər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈfæktərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ə ˈmɪdəl ist ɔɪl səˈplaɪ dɪsˈrəpʃən kʊd riɪˈmərʤ ɛz ə ˈprɑbləm fər ðə ɔˈrɛdi ˈtɛnjəwəs ˈgloʊbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈsɪstəm. ðə kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ pleɪ ə ˈvaɪtəl roʊl ɪn juz. ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz stɪl ə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈkəntri ənd ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈimərʤənsi ˈstɑkˌpaɪlɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm wɪθ ɑr ˈwɛstərn ˈælaɪz. ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ðə, kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ sərʤ pərˈdəkʃən pəˈtɛnʃəl fər juz. krud ɔɪl ˈɛkspɔrts, kən pəˈzɪʃən ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˌdɪpləˈmætɪkli ənd strəˈtiʤɪkli tɪ pleɪ ən ɛnˈhænst ˈlidərˌʃɪp roʊl ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ɔɪl səˈplaɪ ˈkraɪsəs. ˈfaɪnəli, ɛz ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kənˈtɪnjuz ɪts pərˈsut əv pis ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist, ɪt nidz tɪ bi mɔr ˈkɑgnəzənt əv ðə nid fər ˈæktɪv dɪˈploʊməsi rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ɔɪl ˈrɛvəˌnuz ˌɪnˈsaɪd wɔr tɔrn səˈsaɪɪtiz. tɪ deɪt, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts həz nɑt dən ə gʊd ʤɑb ɪn ɪts ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈɛfərts tɪ əˈsɪst ˈloʊkəl ˈlidərz ɪn ˈmænəʤɪŋ ɔɪl ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈkɑnflɪkts, ənd ðɪs ˈfeɪljər həz ˈkrɪpəld juz. ˈɛfərts tɪ ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz ˈfeɪlɪŋ steɪts səʧ ɛz ˌɪˈrɑk ənd ˈlɪˌbiə. ðə juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv steɪt ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˈɛnərʤi əˈfɛrz həz ˈwoʊfəli ˌɪgˈnɔrd ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˈwɔrɪŋ ˈpɑrtiz təˈgɛðər tɪ ˈfæʃən ə mɔr ˈlæstɪŋ ˈsɪstəm tɪ dɪˈvaɪd fˈjuʧər ɔɪl rɪˈsits ɛz pɑrt əv ˈkɑnflɪkt ˌrɛzəˈluʃən dɪˈploʊməsi. ɛz ðɪs ˈpeɪpər ənd ˈəðər ˈstədiz ɔn ðə lɪŋks bɪtˈwin ɔɪl ənd wɔr ʃoʊz, ˈkɑnflɪkt ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ðət ˈfoʊkɪsɪz spəˈsɪfɪkli ɔn ɔɪl ˈæˌspɛkts kʊd pruv ˈfrutfəl tɪ ˈlɑrʤər ˈɛləmənts əv ˈkɑnflɪkt. file="http://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/jia/files/2016/03/jaffeelass_warandoil.pdf*"] saɪˈteɪʃənz 1 ʤɛf di. ˈkoʊlgən, ðə faɪər: ˈpæθˌweɪz frəm ɔɪl tɪ war,”*,” ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl sɪˈkjʊrəti, voʊ. 38 noʊ. 2 (fɔl 2013 2 ˈɛstəˌmeɪts kəmˈpaɪld baɪ ˈɔθərz frəm ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈmidiə ənd ˈænəlɪsts rɪˈpɔrts ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsɪtiˌbæŋk, ˈsɛrə, ˌɪˈrɑk ɔɪl rɪˈpɔrt, ˌɪˈrɑk ˈɛnərʤi ˈɪnstɪˌtut, ˈhɑrvərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˌʤioʊˈpɑlətɪks əv ˈɛnərʤi ˈprɑʤɛkt (keɪs ˈstədi ˈɔθər al-khatteeb*), ˈrɔɪtərz, ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns grup, ˈɛnərʤi ˈkəmpəs, ˈmɪdəl ist ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈsərˌveɪ, ˌeɪˈpi, ənd nuz. ˈɔlsoʊ ɔf ðə ˈrɛkərd ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ ˈriʤənəl ənd juz. ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ɔɪl ˈɪndəstri ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz 3 bleɪk si. ˈkleɪtən, ˈmɑrkɪt ˈmædnəs, (ˈɑksfərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 2015 170 4 ənd el-gamal*, ˈmæmud ənd ˈeɪmi maɪərz ˈʤæfi, ɔɪl, ˈdɔlərz, dɛt ənd ˈkraɪsiz: ðə ˈgloʊbəl kərs əv blæk goʊld, (ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 2010 23 5 fækt ʃit ˈeɪprəl, 2015 ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 ˈmæmud el-gamal*, (ˈlɛkʧər, ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 20 2015 6. fækt ʃit. 7 ˈtoʊbi kreɪg ʤoʊnz, ““america*, ɔɪl ənd wɔr ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl east,”*,” ðə ˈʤərnəl əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri, 99 1 (ʤun 2012 8 ˈmæmud ə. ɛl gəˈmɑl ənd ˈeɪmi maɪərz ˈʤæfi, ɔɪl, ˈdɔlərz, dɛt ənd ˈkraɪsiz: ðə ˈgloʊbəl kərs əv blæk goʊld (ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 2010 162 9 ˈɛstəˌmeɪts kəmˈpaɪld baɪ ˈɔθərz frəm ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈmidiə ənd ˈænəlɪsts rɪˈpɔrts ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsɪtiˌbæŋk, ˈsɛrə, ˌɪˈrɑk ɔɪl rɪˈpɔrt, ˌɪˈrɑk ˈɛnərʤi ˈɪnstɪˌtut, ˈhɑrvərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˌʤioʊˈpɑlətɪks əv ˈɛnərʤi ˈprɑʤɛkt (keɪs ˈstədi ˈɔθər al-khatteeb*), ˈrɔɪtərz, ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns grup, ˈɛnərʤi ˈkəmpəs, ˈmɪdəl ist ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈsərˌveɪ, ˌeɪˈpi, ənd nuz. ˈɔlsoʊ ɔf ðə ˈrɛkərd ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ ˈriʤənəl ənd ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˈɪndəstri ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz, 2015 10 ˈɔθərz ˈɛstəˌmeɪts beɪst ɔn ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən ˈfɪgjərz ˈækˌsɛst frəm ɔɪl ˈmɑrkɪt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əv ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns grup ənd stəˈtɪstɪks. 11 məˈhɑməd bazzi*,, ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, ənd ə nu weɪv ˈtɛrərɪst violence”*” ðə nu ˈjɔrkər, ʤun 29 2015 www.newyorker.com/news/new-desk/a-new-wave-of-terrorist-violence*, (ˈækˌsɛst ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 23 2015 12 svɛn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈspɛndɪŋ roʊz 17 pərˈsɛnt ɪn 2014 study,”*,” ˈrɔɪtərz (ˈeɪprəl 12 2015 (ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 ˈɔlsoʊ si fækt ʃit ˈeɪprəl, 2015 ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 13 ˈænθɔˌni. eɪʧ. ˈkɔrdəsmən ˈspɛndɪŋ ənd ɑrmz seɪlz ɪn ðə gulf,”*,” ˈsɛnər fər strəˈtiʤɪk ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈstədiz (ˈeɪprəl 28 2015 http://csis.org/publication/military-spending-and-arms-sales-gulf*, (ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 14 tɪ spid əp ɑrmz seɪlz tɪ gəlf ˈæftər ˌɪˈrɑn dil: kerry,”*,” prɛs (ˈɔgəst 3 2015 http://www.gulf-times.com/qatar/178/details/449807/us-to-speed-up-arms-sales-to-gulf-after-iran-deal%3a-kerry*- (ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 15 ˈmaɪkəl ɑr. ˈgɔrdən ““u.s*. wɔrnz ˈrəʃə ˈoʊvər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri səˈpɔrt fər assad,”*,” nu jɔrk taɪmz (sɛpˈtɛmbər 5 2015 (ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 16 el-gamal*, ˈmæmud ənd ˈeɪmi maɪərz ˈʤæfi, dɪˈmænd, səˈplaɪ ənd ˈmidiəm tərm ˈprɑspɛkts: ə analysis,”*,” ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈstədiz, ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈdeɪvɪs (ʤun 2013 (ˈækˌsɛst ɑkˈtoʊbər 23 2015 17 tɑft, pi., ˈkɑnflɪkt ɪn ɔɪl prəˈdusɪŋ steɪts: ə θrɛt tɪ ˈgloʊbəl ɔɪl supply?”*?” ˈɛnərʤi ˈpɑləsi 39 11 (noʊˈvɛmbər 2011 18 el-gamal*, ˈmæmud ənd ˈeɪmi maɪərz ˈʤæfi, dɪˈmænd, səˈplaɪ ənd ˈmidiəm tərm ˈprɑspɛkts: ə analysis,”*,” (ʤun 2013 19 ʤɛf di. ˈkoʊlgən, ˈpɛtroʊ əˈgrɛʃən: wɪn ɔɪl ˈkɔzɪz wɔr, (ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 2013 21 20 malsin*, ˈælaɪz traɪ tɪ kət ɔf ɔɪl revenue,”*,” taɪm, mɑrʧ 16 2015 http://time.com/3745911/isis-oil-libya*/ ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 21 ˈɔθərz ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ ˈriʤənəl ɔɪl ˈɪndəstri əˈfɪʃəlz ənd juz. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈsɔrsəz. 22 23 ənd ˈmaɪkəl rɔs, ðə ɔɪl kərs, (ˈprɪnstən ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 2012 12 24 malsin*, ˈælaɪz traɪ tɪ kət ɔf ɔɪl revenue,”*,” taɪm, mɑrʧ 16 2015 http://time.com/3745911/isis-oil-libya*/ ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 25 ˈbætəlz θrɛts ˌɪnˈtərnəl ənd external”*” pəˈtroʊliəm ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈwikli, ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns grup, ˈɔgəst 3 2015 (ˈækˌsɛst ɑkˈtoʊbər 23 2015 26 moʊˈhæmɪd ənd moʊˈhæmɪd mukhashaf*, ˈbɑmərz kɪl 137 ɪn ˈjɛmən mɔsk attacks,”*,” ˈrɔɪtərz, mɑrʧ 20 2015 (ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 27 sɑid ənd ˈdeɪvɪd di. kərˈpætrɪk, ˈɑrmi traɪz tɪ ˈseɪfˌgɑrd ɔɪl fildz ɛz ˈfaɪtərz advance,”*,” ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl nu jɔrk taɪmz, ˈeɪprəl 17 2015 ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 28 iˈeɪn ˈpækhəm, ɔɪl ˈaʊtˌpʊt kʊd kəm tɪ ə hɔlt baɪ august,”*,” ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɔɪl ˈdeɪli, ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns grup, ʤun 23 2015 29 plænt hɔlts səˈplaɪ ɛz ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈwərsənz security,”*,” ˈɛrən klɑrk ənd ʧu huɪ hɔŋ, ˈblumbərg, ˈeɪprəl 13 2015 ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 30 ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛnərʤi ˈeɪʤənsi, ɔɪl ˈmɑrkɪt rɪˈpɔrt: 14 ɑkˈtoʊbər 2014 31 græbz ɔɪl ənd gæs fildz ɪn ˈsɪriə ənd ˌɪˈrɑk, bət ˈʧælənʤɪz remain,”*,” ðə ˈdeɪli stɑr, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 26 2014 32. 33. 34 straɪks ˈwikən ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɔɪl operations,”*,” pəˈtroʊliəm ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈwikli, ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns grup, ɑkˈtoʊbər 6 2014 35 θru ðə kɔrs əv ðə ˈsəmər əv 2014 ˈaɪsəs hæd ˈkæpʧərd sɪks ɔɪl fildz ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ajeel*,, zalah*, safiyah*, batmah*, ənd fildz, wɪʧ kəˈlɛktɪvli hæd ˈneɪmˌpleɪt pərˈdəkʃən kəˈpæsɪti əv. bət baɪ ˈərli sɛpˈtɛmbər əv 2014 ˈaɪsəs hæd rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃt θri əv ðoʊz fildz tɪ ˌɪˈræki ˈfɔrsɪz, ˈlivɪŋ ðə ajeel*, ənd fildz ˈəndər ðə kənˈtroʊl, wɪθ pərˈdəkʃən frəm ðiz fildz ˈævrɪʤɪŋ lɛs ðən. 36 sɑˈlɑm al-saadi*, lɔŋ tərm eɪmz ɪn syria”*” ˌkɑrˈneɪgi ɛnˈdaʊmənt fər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl pis, ɑkˈtoʊbər 6 2015 (ˈækˌsɛst ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 23 2015 ˈɔlsoʊ fæŋ, ˈeɪmi maɪərz ˈʤæfi ənd tɛk loch-temzelides*. əˈlaɪnmənts? ðə ˌʤioʊˈpɑlətɪks əv gæs ənd ɔɪl kɑrˈtɛlz ənd ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈmɪdəl east.”*.” ˈwərkɪŋ ˈpeɪpər, ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈstədiz, (ˈækˌsɛst ɑkˈtoʊbər 23 2015 37 elass*, ənd ˈeɪmi maɪərz ˈʤæfi, ðə ˈhɪstəri ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks əv riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ˈoʊˌpɛk, ˈwərkɪŋ ˈpeɪpər, ʤeɪmz ə. ˈbeɪkər ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi, 2009 əˈveɪləbəl æt http://bakerinstitute.org/research/the-history-and-politics-of-russias-relations-with-opec*/, (ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 38. 39 əˈlaɪnmənts? ðə ˌʤioʊˈpɑlətɪks əv gæs ənd ɔɪl kɑrˈtɛlz ənd ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈmɪdəl east.”*.” fæŋ, ˈeɪmi maɪərz ˈʤæfi ənd tɛk loch-temzelides*. ˈʤərnəl əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks əv ˈɛnərʤi ənd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈpɑləsi. ˈvɑljum 3 ˈnəmbər 1 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 24 2014 40 ˈreɪʧəl ˈbrɑnsən, ˈθɪkər ðən ɔɪl (ˈɑksfərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 2008 41 42 əˈreɪbiə ˈɔfərz ˈrəʃə dil fər ˈbækɪŋ ɔf əˈsɑd support,”*,” ˈrɔɪtərz, ˈɔgəst 7 2013 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/07/saudi-arabia-russia-assad_n_3719215.html?utm_hp_ref=tw*. ˈɔlsoʊ, si ˈæmˌbroʊz evans-pritchard*, ˈɔfər ˈrəʃə ˈsikrɪt ɔɪl dil ɪf ɪt drɑps syria”*” ðə ˈtɛləˌgræf, ˈɔgəst 27 2013 (ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 43 mɑrk mɑtˈsɛti, ˈɛrɪk ʃmɪt ənd ˈdeɪvɪd di. kərˈpætrɪk, ɔɪl ɪz sin ɛz ˈlɛvər tɪ praɪ ˈrəʃən səˈpɔrt frəm assad,”*,” ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz (ˈfɛbruˌɛri 3 2015 (ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 44 ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ pəˈtroʊliəm markets,”*,” (mɑrʧ 2 2011 45 46 ʤin əˈziz, bɪˈhaɪnd ˈvɪzɪt tɪ beirut?”*?” æl ˈmɑnətər, http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/08/lebanon-iran-zarif-visit-messages-implications-repercussions.html*# 47 æn ˈbɑrnɑrd, dɪˈploʊməsi sin ɔn ˈɛfərts tɪ ɛnd ˈsɪriə ˈsɪvəl war”*” ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz, (ˈɔgəst 11 2015 (ˈækˌsɛst ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 23 2015 48 ˈrɑbərt di. ənd ˈmɛgən, ˈɛnərʤi edge,”*,” ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz, 2014 63 49 ˈmɪdəl ist ˈbrifɪŋ, (ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 50. 51 ˈpævəl keɪ. ənd ˈʤɛrəˌmi ʃəˈpɪroʊ, ˈrəʃə ənd əˈmɛrɪkə meɪk ðə seɪm mɪˈsteɪks ɪn syria,”*,” ,(ˈækˌsɛst sɛpˈtɛmbər 7 2015 52 ˈɛdwərdz ɛl. mɔrs ənd ʤeɪmz ˈrɪʧərdz, ˈbætəl fər ˈɛnərʤi dominance,”*,” ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz, 2002 83 ˈɔlsoʊ, ˈeɪmi maɪərz ˈʤæfi ənd ˈrɑbərt ˈmænɪŋ, ““russia*, ˈɛnərʤi ənd ðə west,”*,” sərˈvaɪvəl 43 noʊ. 2 (ˈsəmər 2001 ənd ˈeɪmi maɪərz ˈʤæfi ənd ˈrɑnəld soligo*, sɪˈkjʊrəti: ðə ˈrəʃən connection,”*,” ˈɛnərʤi sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈgloʊbəl ˈpɑləˌtɪks: ðə əv ˈrisɔrs ˈmænɪʤmənt, eds*. ˈdænjəl mɔˈræn ənd ʤeɪmz ə. ˈrəsəl (ˈæbɪŋtən: ˈraʊtlɪʤ, 2008 53 ˈdænjəl ˈjərgən, ðə praɪz, (ˈsaɪmən ənd ˈʃustər, 1994 54 ənd ˈmɑrkɪt intelligence,”*,” ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns grup, (ˈækˌsɛst ɑkˈtoʊbər 23 2015 55. 56 ““nigeria*: overview/data,”*,” juz. ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ˌʤuˈlaɪ 14 2010 http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=ni#pet*> 57 ˈjərgən, ɔp cit*. 58 fromson*, ʤeɪmz ənd ˈstivən ˈsaɪmən,: ðə ˈdubiəs ˈpɛrəˌdaɪs əv əˈpɑkəˌlɪps now,”*,” sərˈvaɪvəl, vol*. 57 2015 59 ɔp cit*. 60 ˈmɑrtɪn ˈhɪlənˌbrænd, ˈdænjəl ˈjərgən, ˈgloʊbəl ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrɪti: ə ˈstrætəʤi fər ˈɛnərʤi ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rɪˈnuəl, (ˈpɛŋgwən bʊks, 1983 61 ˈʃərli nɛf ənd ˈmɑrgərɪt ˈkoʊlmən, ˈaʊˌtlʊk: rɪˈvərsəl ɪn ˈjuˈɛs ɔɪl ˌɪmˈpɔrt dependency,”*,” ˈɛnərʤi ˈstrætəʤi rəvˈjuz, ˈvɑljum 5 dɪˈsɛmbər 2014 62 ðə wɔl strit ˈʤərnəl, tɪ kənˈsɪdər ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtæpɪŋ ðə strəˈtiʤɪk pəˈtroʊliəm reserve,”*,” (sɛpt 18 2015 http://blogs.wsj.com/experts/2015/09/18/what-to-consider-before-tapping-the-strategic-petroleum-reserve*/ 63.

oil has shaped international conflict for decades. according to one estimate, twenty-five to fifty percent of interstate wars between 1973 and 2012 had oil-related linkages. 1 but the cyclical nature of oil’s contribution to global conflict is not well understood. not only are oil prices cyclical, but the geopolitics of oil are linked inexorably to the same boom and bust price cycle. military adventurism, proxy wars and regional pathologies in the middle east expand and contract with the ebb and flow of massive petrodollar accumulations related to the oil price cycle. the massive inflow of petrodollar revenues when oil prices are high creates disposable incomes that can be easily dispensed on regional arms races, especially since oil consuming countries like the united states are incentivized to increase arms sales as a means of solving oil import related trade deficits. besides transferring wealth from industrialized countries to oil producers in the middle east and north african (mena) region and russia (and stimulating renewed drilling for oil and gas in north america), high global oil and natural gas prices also slow global economic growth and encourage energy conservation. this causes petroleum demand to slow globally, lowering oil prices. social and political problems in the region reemerge as oil prices recede. regional governments have fewer resources to spend on restive populations that have become accustomed to generous handouts enabled by high oil prices. job creation and visible social programs slow, dissatisfaction rises, and the consequences of economic downturns incite support for militants. ensuing instability forces governments to use newly purchased arms, which ironically begins the cycle yet again, as new conflicts disrupt oil supplies. in this manner, the world experiences perpetuating patterns of military conflict, followed by oil supply crises, and accompanying global financial instability. in effect, the middle east resource curse has become globalized. the challenges this is presenting on humanitarian, security and economic fronts have become increasingly dangerous. the arms race that has accompanied the rise of oil prices over the 2000s has been no exception and is now all the more complicated due to the violent participation of sub-national radicalized groups that are less susceptible to diplomatic pressures or initiatives. in this emerging geopolitical context, the rise of violent subnational groups like isis and al-qaeda are increasingly putting oil infrastructure at risk, laying the groundwork for a future oil crisis that may prove harder to solve than in the past. as borders and ruling institutions have become contested, so has control of the region’s major oil and gas facilities. initially an outgrowth of disunity inside iraq, the conflict over oil and gas facilities is now accelerating across ungoverned territories, with important long-term consequences for global energy markets. mideast oil and gas production capacity, along with surface facilities, are increasingly being damaged in ways that will make them hard to repair. export disruptions, which were once sporadic, are becoming a more permanent feature of the civil war landscape. the level of destroyed capacity is currently estimated at about 2 million b/d and rising.2 the longer mideast conflicts fester, the more that infrastructure could become at risk. there is an additional element to this oil and war story that links structurally with the oil boom and bust cycle. as oil prices recede, along with a decreased demand for oil and accelerating regional conflict, wealthy oil producers such as saudi arabia, the united arab emirates, and kuwait, are often tempted to use large oil production capacity as a strategic asset. they flood the market with increased supplies in order to lower prices, thereby hurting geopolitical rivals. this price war strategy, which was notably present during the prolonged soviet war in afghanistan and the eight year iran-iraq war, temporarily ameliorates the short run effects of war on surface export facilities through excessive production rates. in addition, it lays the seeds for the future uptick in the oil market, by discouraging investment in future oil productive capacity outside the middle east when prices are extremely low. in the case of the 2000s, the destruction caused by isis on the oil sector in many locations around the middle east, combined with expected losses in investment in other parts of the world (like canada’s oil sands and the arctic due to current low oil prices), may be creating the conditions for a future oil supply crunch. this has major implications on u.s. policy. this article asserts that the united state would be, in light of these circumstances in the middle east, unwise to dismantle its strategic petroleum reserve (spr) as has been suggested on capitol hill. it would be similarly unwise for the united states to lose focus on the importance of conservation efforts in the transportation sector which has both national security and climate benefits. the united states would benefit strategically from a reevaluation of its ban on oil exports. finally, the united states should place a greater emphasis on conflict resolution in troubled states. by resolving internal conflicts over the distribution of oil revenues, the united states can better pave the way for long-term solutions whereby those same revenues can be integrated into national budgets in ways that brings economic prosperity to populations instead of rising military expenditure. war and the oil cycle over the past four decades, oil prices have been governed by a combination of the real business cycle and the boom and bust investment cycles of oil exploration and production (e&p). as economies expand during upswings in the business cycle, oil demand rises in parallel, often fueling fears that shortages will occur.3 oil prices then rise, generally in combination with irrational exuberance and market bubbles.4 high oil prices eventually stimulates more investment in oil exploration and drilling, encouraging technological innovation under the pressures of a renewed belief that high prices mean oil is permanently running out. but gravity eventually takes its course. exceptionally high prices that follow the boom cycle then hinder continued economic acceleration. commodity and asset market bubbles burst and recession ensues, limiting new demand for oil and thereby bringing oil prices to a collapse. this lasts until cheap energy and government financial market interventions yet again restore economic equilibrium and growth. producers, concerned about losses in their market shares, initiate price wars, which leave markets even more oversupplied, until low prices stimulate economic growth and oil demand once more. the oil cycle has brought with it a similarly volatile economic cycle for the petrostates of the middle east, whose governments have rapidly fluctuated between gigantic cash surpluses of so-called “petrodollars” and socially devastating budget deficits. dubbed the resource curse, the massive influx of oil revenues during the commodities price up cycle discourages productive, non-commodities-linked investment, which is needed for long term-growth. the influx of petrodollars also fosters corruption and patronage, drives real estate and stock market bubbles, as well as provides irresistible incentives for wasteful government spending on white elephant projects and military expansion. the geopolitical component of this oil megacycle can be particularly insidious. as oil capitals like moscow, riyadh, abu dhabi, doha and tehran reap massive profits with a sudden influx of petrodollars not easily recycled into domestic economies, significant financial reserves become available for arms purchases and military adventurism. such initiatives are designed to protect the ruling class from both external threats (real and imagined) and internal challenges through robust internal security spending. today, military employment in the middle east is particularly high at three percent while military expenditures as a percentage of gross domestic product (gdp) is also strikingly high.5 for instance, it is above ten percent in saudi arabia.6 the regional arms race that accompanies high oil prices boosts not only arsenals of key countries in the middle east but also their subnational proxies and even terrorist organizations that arise to challenge the status quo. ironically, the flow of weapons driven by the oil price boom then increases the geopolitical risk to oil production, once again laying the groundwork for a future rise in oil prices as fears grow that military conflict will once again disrupt supplies. in this way, as noted by historian toby craig jones: “oil and war have become increasingly interconnected in the middle east,” with the united states not only “mired in the middle” but “its approach to oil has abetted the outcome.”7 in fact, the united states and the west unwittingly participate in propelling the geopolitical nature of the oil cycle by recycling petrodollars via the sales of military equipment. in the mid-2000s, to reduce the pressure of the trade deficit on the u.s. dollar, the united states offered the gulf cooperation council (gcc) countries a $20 billion arms deal that now equips today’s conflicts.8 recently, the level of geopolitical conflict underlying the middle east’s oil mega cycle is particularly dangerous, coupled with the arab spring uprisings and the dashed expectations of a new generation of youth. not only have borders and identity politics in the region blurred in a manner that will be hard to reconstitute, but key institutions and infrastructure are being rapidly destroyed. for oil resource development, a business that requires huge capital inflows, long lead times and complex engineering, the rising instability and collapse of institutions in certain middle east countries bodes ill for future regional economic progress. regardless of the promise of new oil and gas supplies from shale formations in north america and beyond, a third of global oil production is still sourced from the middle east and north africa (mena) region. while this might be able to be reduced over time, for the next few years, the fate of middle east oil will still have huge impacts on the global economy. regional battles and oil facilities the oil price spikes of the 2000s are presenting complex energy and conflict challenges, problems that harken back to previous periods. just as violence in the region devastated key oil facilities in the 1980s and early 1990s, today’s battles continue to destabilize important energy producing centers. current regional armed conflicts over oil fields raise a serious new risk that oil facilities are becoming strategic assets and spoils of war. the level of damage will be tied to the effectiveness of the united states and its allies to contain the spread of isis to new locations and the possibility of peaceful resolution of regional proxy wars. russia’s buildup of troops in syria adds another complication to the limited options facing the united states as it tries to build coalitions for a political transition in syria. despite the current energy surplus, washington needs to avoid complacency about the global energy balance or it will find itself with few options in the continued destruction of energy infrastructure in the middle east. unlike past regional wars, which were characterized by state-to-state armed conflict, today’s friction points largely involve sub-national groups such as isis, al qaeda and other local militias. these sub-national groups are the ones this time around focused on gaining control of oil production and refining installations in contested areas. their political impermanence has created unique problems, not the least of which is the inclination to use force to deny access to the facilities by regional rivals or the devolved state government. in the last year, 1.9 million b/d of oil productive capacity has been lost in the middle east due largely to conflict.9 and, there is a lot more at stake, given that the mena region produces 32.5 million b/d, about a third of total world production.10 saudi arabia’s eastern province, which has been targeted by isis, is the home to over 90 percent of the kingdom’s oil production and the vast majority of world’s spare oil production capacity.11 the current pace of arms buying in the region gives little reason for optimism. even as saudi arabia’s oil revenues were declining precipitously towards the end of 2014, saudi arabia was increasing its military spending to more than ten percent of its gdp.12 the united arab emirates military spending was similarly high at three to four percent of its gdp, with qatar at two to three percent.13 u.s. policy fed into this risky trend with president obama promising new sales in arms to the gcc, in the aftermath of the historic p5+1 nuclear deal with iran, including a $5 billion deal with saudi arabia for 600 patriot missiles.14 the united states is engaged in a diplomatic effort to reduce hostilities among key players and unify the effort to stop isis. russia for its part seems to have rejected a diplomatic solution for the time being, committing more troops and material to the assad regime in syria.15 our historical analysis of the impact of regional wars on long term oil market trends would suggest that the continuation of current conflicts could have major consequences for the upcoming global oil supply. in a study with coauthor mahmoud el-gamal, who utilizes discrete wavelet transform (dwt) analysis to measure the effects of price and investment return variables on oil production at various frequencies, we found that wars in which oil production and export infrastructure were damaged, resulted in a significant discontinuity in oil market trends.16 in other words, data suggests that military conflicts over oil result in significant disruptions in oil capacity in the medium term and beyond, driving prices higher for some period of time until markets can adjust. analysis conducted by peter toft explores the link between intrastate conflict and oil supply disruptions using a different methodology. by recording oil production changes during the course of the 39 civil wars in oil producing countries between 1965 and 2007, toft concludes that intrastate conflict intermittently leads to oil supply disruptions around fifty percent of the time. 17 while toft’s assessment serves as a valuable indicator of the short-term impacts of civil war, it fails to take into account the long-term political and social changes that drive down oil production. there is an indication that a protracted process of consolidating power that follows the transformation of internal politics can be far more harmful to oil sector investment – and thus production capacity – than simply the infrastructural damage incurred during the initial course of the conflict. our analysis shows that war damaged facilities often remain offline for prolonged periods following conflict, if not for an indefinite timeframe.18 militias throughout the middle east have learned they can undermine the authority of existing political leadership in the region by overtaking oil facilities.19 a prime example of this strategy has been amply demonstrated in libya where what might have been a successful transitioning government fell into disarray as rebel factions grabbed and turned off key oil installations, thereby denying access to eastern libyan ports.20 a more threatening trend is the focus of isis on a similar strategy, one that is systematically destroying oil and gas production capacity in contested areas in iraq, syria, yemen, and libya. there is a dual threat to regional oil facilities from both the rise of isis and escalating proxy wars around the middle east. not only is major production and export infrastructure in iraq, syria and libya at risk, but isis is also threatening neighboring countries should conflict spread to its principal sponsors. isis has already attacked civilian shia communities inside saudi arabia including targets in saudi arabia’s eastern province and in kuwait. saudi arabia has fortified its northern borders with iraq with more military hardware and troops, while iranian forces have moved into positions near the southern iraqi oil fields, raising the risks of border skirmishes.21 the militarization of border areas so heavily populated with oil fields and export infrastructure brings with it unique risks. jeff colgan, in his case study approach to how oil can fuel military conflict, refers to several mechanisms at play in the region today: “externalization of civil wars” in petro-states and “financing for insurgencies” are contributing to violence across the region.22 and the oil revenue of saudi arabia, the united arab emirates, qatar, russia and iran has to some degree insulated rulers from domestic opposition, potentially making them, as jeff colgan’s and others’ analyses would suggest, “more willing to engage in risky foreign policy adventurism.”23 isis and oil conflict the acceleration of targeting oil facilities by subnational groups is rooted in the history the repression of sectarian economic interests in countries such as iraq, libya and syria. in many cases, sectarian communities living in oil producing regions did not receive an equitable share in wider national budgets during the reign of authoritarian regimes, and this has created larger problems in the post-arab spring environment. disagreements over the division of state oil revenues have exacerbated ongoing sectarian conflict in not only iraq, but also in libya and syria. in the case of when muammar gaddafi ruled libya, citizens in the east had long-standing historical grievances about the sharing of oil revenues which undermined the initial coalition government and put military competition for control of oil facilities at the center of the civil conflict. in the absence of an effective libyan government, a proxy war erupted as rival nearby arab states supported competing leaders and militias (qatar and turkey backed the provisional government based in tripoli while the united arab emirates and egypt backed the opposition government situated in the eastern part of the country). the resulting chaos created opportunities for extremist groups like al qaeda and isis that have been able to scale up their operations in the country and are currently engaged in a military campaign to seize control over libyan oil infrastructure or deny it to competing factions. one theory suggests that depriving any potential libyan unity government of oil wealth aims to prevent a new government from effectively fighting and defeating isis.24 given the political instability and the fact that armed militias from both sides target the oil infrastructure, libya’s oil production has understandably fluctuated widely, with output currently at around 370,000 b/d, down from 1 million b/d produced in october 2014.25 isis is also engaged in a turf battle in yemen with the more established al qaeda in the arabian peninsula (aqap), which first made its presence known in the country this march by taking credit for suicide bombings at two sanaa shiite mosques in which 137 people were killed and another 357 wounded.26 the deteriorating situation caused by the multitude of warring factions in yemen has raised the specter of extremist groups capturing oil infrastructure. in mid-april of 2015, the yemeni army ceded control of a group of oil fields to a coalition of armed tribes in order to protect the area from being captured by aqap.27 the proxy war being fought between saudi arabia and iran in yemen has caused the oil production to fall off sharply, from capacity of 150,000 b/d in the first quarter of 2015 to around 16,000 b/d at present with production potentially totally stopping as storage becomes full and exports are embargoed.28 the conflict has prompted yemen lng co. to declare force majeure, halting output and exports from the single lng facility.29 when isis began its campaign in june 2014 to form an islamic caliphate by seizing large swaths of land in northern iraq and eastern syria, of paramount interest to the group was gaining control of oil fields and capitalizing on existing oil smuggling operations. initial high estimates of $1 to $3 million a day for isis’ oil earnings were based on a one-time gain from “…draining down pipelines, storage tanks and pumping stations in northern iraq.”30 but more recently, the extremist group is finding it cannot sustain oil production, both because it lacks the technical know-how and because its fighters cannot stave off attacks to recapture key installations.31 few people with strong technical expertise have remained in isis-controlled territory and the group’s efforts to coerce skilled staff into staying have proved ineffective.32 serious repair or more complex procedures, such as water injection at mature producing fields, is proving a challenge for isis.33 as of the summer of 2014, isis had control over half a dozen syrian oilfields (al-furat, al-omar, and deir ez-zor) that prior to the war had a capacity of 114,000 b/d.34 at present, isis production in syria has shrunk to a trickle, with most fields productive capacity destroyed for all practical purposes. a similar fate has befallen several smaller oil fields captured by isis in northern iraq,35 where the extremist group set oil wells on fire as they retreated from battle. oil prices as a tool of proxy war the violence that is wreaking havoc on these regional oil facilities has a geopolitical element. as in the 1980s, regional proxy wars are prompting a price war from saudi arabia and its gulf allies in an effort to weaken the other side, notably russia and iran. russia has been a major arms supplier and ally to syria and has provided technical and diplomatic support for iran’s nuclear program and regional military expansion.36 russian president vladimir putin initially tried to play all sides by offering saudi arabia a range of nuclear and military assistance in 2007.37 however, during a 2008 visit, then saudi foreign minister, the late prince saud al-faisal, made it clear that any saudi-russian rapprochement had to include moscow curtailing military cooperation with iran and syria, including dropping the sale of russian s-300 surface-to-air missiles systems to tehran.38 russia spurned the saudi conditions, scuttling the chances of greater cooperation on oil prices at that time. evidence suggests that russia found that its geopolitical interest is enhanced by its friendly relationship with iran. by backing iran militarily, russia gained leverage through a regional proxy who could directly influence the security of saudi arabia and qatar, russia’s main competing energy suppliers. russia’s alliance with iran, while somewhat tenuous, provides a counterweight to the threat that saudi arabia and qatar would collude with the united states to weaken moscow via an energy market share war. russia is also motivated to support iran to constrain the success of sunni jihadist movements that might spread to its borders.39 indeed, by 2009, saudi arabia began hinting that an oil price war could be in the cards, should moscow continue to threaten the kingdom’s national security through its arms sales to iran and support of the government of bashir al-assad of syria. the saudi threat was material to russia’s economic outlook, given the history of similar saudi strategic moves against the soviet union and iran. saudi arabia has successfully provided support to regional political movements, militias, or counter-insurgents that contributed to the soviet failure in afghanistan.40 saudi arabia’s ability to flood oil markets at will has also played a role in various efforts, including lowering oil prices to pressure iran during its eight-year war with iraq, to weaken the soviet union after its invasion of afghanistan, and to ease the pressure on global markets ahead of the u.s. invasion of iraq.41 in 2013, discouraged that the united states was not intervening in syria and unhappy with washington for pursuing a diplomatic agreement with iran, saudi arabia approached moscow to see whether a dialogue could convince the kremlin to alter its support for the regimes in damascus and tehran. according to one media account, saudi arabia offered a guarantee not to use a post-assad syria as a transportation hub for competing natural gas shipments to europe if russia would withdraw its current military support for the syrian regime.42 other speculation assumed that riyadh would offer accommodation on oil price levels if russia would be willing to trade its political stance on syria for some sort of cooperation with the saudis in energy markets. the initiative was a non-starter. by 2014, in line with policies seen back in the 1980s, saudi arabia was slashing prices to maintain market share in a manner that was geopolitically convenient. saudi arabia began to initiate price reductions for u.s. and asian customers in moves widely interpreted at the time as a sign that the kingdom was starting to implement a price war directed, in large measure, at russia and iran.43 by early 2015, oil prices had cratered to $50 a barrel. geopolitically, the fall in prices to $50 a barrel has been effective but not definitive. cracks initially became apparent in the unity of the inner circle of president vladimir putin as lower oil prices and u.s. sanctions took their toll on the russian economy and russia’s wealthiest oligarchs. but low oil prices did not deterred russia from its support for regime. moreover, during its discussions about its nuclear program with the p5+1 powers, tehran was also still expanding its regional power through proxy wars, contributing increased support for an escalation in the yemen war, which temporarily contributed to a rebound in oil prices to $60 a barrel. oil movements through the suez canal have to traverse the bab el-mandeb chokepoint, which borders yemen and djibouti.44 roughly three to four million b/d of oil travels that route.45 while it is possible for shippers to bypass the suez canal, escalation of the conflict in yemen unnerved oil markets for several reasons. firstly, it showed that the conflict between saudi arabia and iran continues to spread across the region, with negative consequences for regional production. secondly and most importantly, it showed that russia and iran were willing to use military force to counter saudi efforts to lower oil prices. the successful conclusion of the p5+1 nuclear deal negotiations with iran paved the way for renewed efforts by the united states to broker a peace initiative in syria. the obama administration worked overtime to get middle east diplomacy off the ground to prove that the politically controversial iranian deal could pave the way for a better middle east. a flurry of diplomatic activity included high-level meetings between russian and saudi diplomats, iran’s foreign minister javad zarif and syrian president bashir al-assad and iranian and lebanese officials. the blogosphere was buzzing with rumors, including one that riyadh and tehran might be able to agree on a formula that would restrict hezbollah back to lebanon, cordon bashir al-assad off to a limited titular role and begin serious negotiations for an inclusive political transition in syria. one report on the deal purports an iranian proposal that encompasses a cease-fire and full-scale, free elections in syria.46 russia added to the perceived momentum at the time when fyodor lukyanov, chairman of a council that advises the kremlin on foreign policy, uttered a sign of flexibility on assad’s role in an interview with the new york times, proclaiming: “saudi still believes that assad should go, but now they are a little less sure that the alternative will be better…russia still believes he should stay, but cannot ignore that the general situation is changing, that the strategic position of syria is much worse now than before.”47 the possibility that all parties might consider a change in syria led to speculation that saudi arabia and iran may be able to work more cooperatively inside the organization of petroleum exporting countries (opec), with rumors that saudi arabia may be inclined to consider an opec floor price of $60 to $65 a barrel in exchange for a serious iranian commitment to a peace process in syria. while low oil prices have forced moscow to take draconian economic steps, so far it has not fundamentally produced the desired diplomatic capitulation. as predicted by robert blackwill and meghan o’sullivan, “… a weaker russia will not necessarily mean a less challenging russia…russia could seek to secure its regional influence in more direct ways –even through the projection of military power.”48 indeed, u.s. summer diplomatic efforts fizzled quickly by autumn, with russia changing the facts on the ground through direct russian military intervention. russia’s motivations are multifold and certainly include protecting its substantial interests in syria including its preferred outcome that maintains syria as an iranian bulwark against sunni jihadists.49 some analysts are suggesting that moscow is overly optimistic about defeating syrian opposition groups. instead, it is suggested that russia’s previous difficulties during its invasion of afghanistan may prove instructive, with all syrian opposition forces still focusing in earnest on the assad camp, and saving energies against each other for a later day.50 however, it is still not clear as this article went to press whether russia intends to satisfy the saudis by participating in peace negotiations, or whether the russian engagement on behalf of assad is meant to hold iran and moscow in a position to use syria to assert themselves against the kingdom and restore oil prices. while the outcome in syria is uncertain, the russian move clearly complicates the landscape in the region, and leaves open the possibility of escalating violence. pavel baev and jeremy shapiro of brookings suggest russia’s increased intervention may simply be designed to “establish a position of strength from which to bring moscow back into the center of diplomacy over syria,”51 but they are skeptical that russia will be able to manage its participation in the conflict to reach a desired goal. russia may also have broader goals, including intimidating u.s. allies both in the region and in europe, to influence oil policy over the longer term, as well as to weaken strategic alliances that could be used against russia, its national interests or the interests of individuals in the current regime. in recent years, russia has acted to reassert itself on the world stage both through military means and by tapping energy as a weapon for leverage to enhance its geopolitical status.52 implications for u.s. strategy as conflicts continue to simmer in the middle east, militias and extremist groups will continue to try to capture oil fields and infrastructure. this turn of events is a serious challenge to stability across the middle east and to the global economy. years of conflict have taken their toll on the state of the oil industries across the middle east. for example, take the case of iran: iran’s oil production averaged around six million b/d in the late 1970s.53 following the iranian revolutions from 1978 to1979, iranian output fell to 1.5 million b/d; three decades later, the oil output capacity stands at less than sixty percent of its pre-revolutionary levels.54 in nigeria, regime change prompted a similar outcome: the biafran civil war in 1967 sank oil production by around forty percent.55 during the transition from military rule in 1979, oil production dropped thirty percent, continuing its decline until 1983.56 in libya, the historical links between regime change and oil output offer a prelude for today’s revolutionary state: muammar gaddafi’s ascension to power in 1969 led to a rapid evaporation of foreign investment and operations in the oil sector. by 1975, the previous regime’s output average of 3.2 million b/d had sunk over fifty percent, and by 1985, oil production had dropped to a mere 430,000 b/d.57 the parties to the conflict in syria may be so numerous and the dynamics fueling conflict so complex, that it is hard to see how the united states would be able to influence the outcomes it might consider desirable. it has been argued that “complementary international missions to degrade isis from the air, and train and equip the group’s local adversaries,” are the key to the needed ingredients of containment.58 but the united states can prepare itself for the energy consequences that might come from continued violence and destruction in the middle east. the united states has hampered its potentially enhanced international stature by keeping its own oil surplus sheathed. u.s. tight oil could be a greater benefit to u.s. allies and free markets, if congress were to lift the 40 year old export ban. the united states can do much more to use its advantageous energy position to enhance its global leadership. as blackwill and o’sullivan note, the u.s. shale boom provides the united states with the tools to “sharpen the instruments of u.s. statecraft.”59 current policies of limiting natural gas exports and banning crude oil exports must be considered in the context of u.s. international leadership and not just in the confines of u.s. domestic political priorities. in the global context, hoarding energy supplies inside our borders sends the message to other countries that they too should be hoarding their energy. such attitudes were precisely what worsened the global economy during the 1979 oil crisis.60 the united states is bound by membership in the international energy agency (iea) emergency stockpile system to share energy in times of emergency or major disruption, so it seems all the more ludicrous that our hoarding of supplies will be limited to periods where energy supply is sufficient. still, the u.s. oil bounty is not a solution unto itself, as it too is vulnerable to the globalized oil cycle and associated geopolitical fallout. the united states must also sustain the current tendency to lower its oil demand, thereby ameliorating the global resource curse by attenuating the cyclical rise in fuel requirements and decoupling economic growth from customary demand pressures. by lowering the amount of oil that might be needed in three to five years through efficiency and substitution, the united states could thereby cushion itself and the global economy from the next supply gap likely to come if conflicts in the middle east continue to escalate. as u.s. energy information administration (eia) analysts shirley neff and margaret coleman show in the lead article in the special issue of energy strategy reviews on “u.s. energy independence: present and emerging issues,” u.s. demand-side management policies are finally paying off, with u.s. oil consumption falling almost 10 percent between 2005 and 2013 and expected to find deeper reductions in the coming decades. u.s. oil demand is expected to decline by more than twenty to thirty percent in the next twenty years, neff and coleman argue, demonstrating the importance of well-designed transportation policies. 61 there is no question that technological innovation and new investment strategies by u.s. independent oil companies have brought about a renaissance in u.s. domestic oil and gas production, creating a prolific u.s. energy supply outlook. but without government intervention to curb our appetite for oil, this rising production might have done little more than meet increases in incremental demand. the consequence of the u.s. oil export ban has generally been the accumulation of high, surplus crude oil inventories that tend to depress u.s. crude oil prices relative to global markets. the extra revenue that might come from export access would not only benefit the domestic u.s. economy but also reduce some oil that might have gotten shut-in because of negative break-even economics. if and when the destruction of oil production capacity in the middle east contributes to a tightening market, allies such as mexico and europe will be eager to have access to u.s. condensates and tight oil. such energy trade strengthens our ties to important allies and trading partners, thereby enhancing american power and influence. the reduction in the level of u.s. oil imports in light of the shale boom is prompting members of congress to suggest an opportunity might exist to sell off all or part of the spr.62 the creation of the spr was a specific response to the problem of petro-power and the 1973 arab oil embargo.63 any sales from the reserve must consider a number of factors, including the possibility that a middle east oil supply disruption could reemerge as a problem for the already tenuous global economic system. the spr continues to play a vital role in u.s. national security. the united states is still a major importing country and an important member of the iea emergency stockpiling program with our western allies. the existence of the spr, combined with surge production potential for u.s. crude oil exports, can position the united states diplomatically and strategically to play an enhanced leadership role during an oil supply crisis. finally, as the united states continues its pursuit of peace in the middle east, it needs to be more cognizant of the need for active diplomacy regarding the distribution of oil revenues inside war torn societies. to date, the united states has not done a good job in its diplomatic efforts to assist local leaders in managing oil revenue sharing conflicts, and this failure has crippled u.s. efforts to stabilize failing states such as iraq and libya. the u.s. department of state bureau of energy affairs has woefully ignored the benefits of bringing warring parties together to fashion a more lasting system to divide future oil receipts as part of conflict resolution diplomacy. as this paper and other studies on the links between oil and war shows, conflict resolution that focuses specifically on oil aspects could prove fruitful to larger elements of conflict. [gview file="http://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/jia/files/2016/03/jaffeelass_warandoil.pdf"] citations 1 jeff d. colgan, “fueling the fire: pathways from oil to war,” international security, vo. 38, no. 2 (fall 2013) 147-180. 2 estimates compiled by authors from a variety of media and analysts reports including citibank, ihs cera, iraq oil report, iraq energy institute, harvard university geopolitics of energy project (case study author luay al-khatteeb), reuters, energy intelligence group, energy compass, middle east economic survey, ap, and platt’s oilgram news. also off the record interviews with regional and u.s. government officials and oil industry executives 3 blake c. clayton, market madness, (oxford university press, 2015), 170. 4 ibid and el-gamal, mahmoud and amy myers jaffe, oil, dollars, debt and crises: the global curse of black gold, (cambridge university press, 2010), 23. 5 sipri fact sheet april, 2015, http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_id=496, accessed september 7, 2015; mahmoud el-gamal, (lecture, university of california, july 20, 2015). 6 ibid. sipri fact sheet. 7 toby craig jones, “america, oil and war in the middle east,” the journal of american history, 99 (1) (june 2012), 208-218. 8 mahmoud a. el gamal and amy myers jaffe, oil, dollars, debt and crises: the global curse of black gold (cambridge university press, 2010), 162. 9 estimates compiled by authors from a variety of media and analysts reports including citibank, ihs cera, iraq oil report, iraq energy institute, harvard university geopolitics of energy project (case study author luay al-khatteeb), reuters, energy intelligence group, energy compass, middle east economic survey, ap, and platt’s oilgram news. also off the record interviews with regional and us government officials and industry executives, 2015. 10 authors estimates based on oil production figures accessed from oil market intelligence of energy intelligence group and bp.com statistics. 11 mohamad bazzi, “isis, saudi arabia, and a new wave terrorist violence” the new yorker, june 29, 2015, www.newyorker.com/news/new-desk/a-new-wave-of-terrorist-violence, (accessed on october 23, 2015). 12 sven nordenstam “saudi military spending rose 17 percent in 2014: study,” reuters (april 12, 2015), http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/12/us-yemen-security-saudi-spending-iduskbn0n30wv20150412 , (accessed september 7, 2015); also see sipri fact sheet april, 2015 http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_product_id=496, accessed september 7, 2015. 13 anthony. h. cordesman “military spending and arms sales in the gulf,” center for strategic and international studies (april 28, 2015), http://csis.org/publication/military-spending-and-arms-sales-gulf, (accessed september 7, 2015). 14 “us to speed up arms sales to gulf after iran deal: kerry,” agence-france presse (august 3, 2015), http://www.gulf-times.com/qatar/178/details/449807/us-to-speed-up-arms-sales-to-gulf-after-iran-deal%3a-kerry- , (accessed september 7, 2015). 15 michael r. gordon “u.s. warns russia over military support for assad,” new york times (september 5, 2015), http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/06/us/politics/john-kerry-russia-syria.html?_r=0, (accessed september 7, 2015). 16 el-gamal, mahmoud and amy myers jaffe, “oil demand, supply and medium term prospects: a wavelet-based analysis,” institute of transportation studies, university of california davis (june 2013), http://www.its.ucdavis.edu/research/publications/publication-detail/?pub_id=1934 (accessed october 23, 2015). 17 toft, p., “intrastate conflict in oil producing states: a threat to global oil supply?” energy policy 39 (11) , (november 2011), 7265-7274. 18 el-gamal, mahmoud and amy myers jaffe, “oil demand, supply and medium term prospects: a wavelet-based analysis,” (june 2013). 19 jeff d. colgan, petro aggression: when oil causes war, (cambridge university press, 2013), 21. 20 hared malsin, “isis allies try to cut off libya’s oil revenue,” time, march 16, 2015 http://time.com/3745911/isis-oil-libya/ , accessed september 7, 2015. 21 authors interviews with regional oil industry officials and u.s. military sources. 22 ibid 23 ibid and michael ross, the oil curse, (princeton university press, 2012), 12. 24 hared malsin, “isis allies try to cut off libya’s oil revenue,” time, march 16, 2015 http://time.com/3745911/isis-oil-libya/ , accessed september 7, 2015. 25 “libya battles threats internal and external” petroleum intelligence weekly, energy intelligence group, august 3, 2015, (accessed october 23, 2015). 26 mohammed ghobari and mohammed mukhashaf, “suicide bombers kill 137 in yemen mosque attacks,” reuters, march 20, 2015 http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/20/us-yemen-attack-bomb-iduskbn0mg11j20150320 , (accessed september 7, 2015). 27 saeed al-batati and david d. kirkpatrick, “yemeni army tries to safeguard oil fields as qaeda fighters advance,” international new york times, april 17, 2015 http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/18/world/middleeast/aid-agencies-increasingly-alarmed-by-yemen-crisis.html?_r=0 , accessed september 7, 2015. 28 iain packham, “yemen oil output could come to a halt by august,” international oil daily, energy intelligence group, june 23, 2015. 29 “yemen’s lng plant halts supply as fighting worsens security,” aaron clark and chou hui hong, bloomberg, april 13, 2015 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-14/yemen-lng-halts-production-as-fighting-worsens-security-at-plant ,( accessed september 7, 2015). 30 international energy agency, oil market report: 14 october 2014 https://www.iea.org/oilmarketreport/reports/2014/1014/ 31 “isis grabs oil and gas fields in syria and iraq, but challenges remain,” the daily star, july 26, 2014 http://www.dailystar.com.lb/news/middle-east/2014/jul-26/265188-isis-grabs-oil-and-gas-fields-in-syria-and-iraq-but-challenges-remain.ashx 32 ibid. 33 ibid. 34 “air strikes weaken islamic state oil operations,” petroleum intelligence weekly, energy intelligence group, october 6, 2014. 35 through the course of the summer of 2014, isis had captured six oil fields in northern iraq—the ajeel, himrin, ain zalah, safiyah, batmah, and qayara fields, which collectively had pre-war nameplate production capacity of 58,000 b/d. but by early september of 2014, isis had relinquished three of those fields to iraqi forces, leaving the ajeel, himrin and qayara fields under the group’s control, with production from these fields averaging less than 15,000 b/d. 36 salam al-saadi, “russia’s long term aims in syria” carnegie endowment for international peace, october 6 2015, carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=61521, (accessed on october 23, 2015). also songying fang, amy myers jaffe and tec loch-temzelides. “new alignments? the geopolitics of gas and oil cartels and the changing middle east.” working paper, institute of transportation studies, http://www.its.ucdavis.edu/research/publications/publication-detail/?pub_id=1687, (accessed october 23, 2015). 37 elass, jareer and amy myers jaffe, the history and politics of russia’s relations with opec, working paper, james a. baker iii institute for public policy, 2009, available at http://bakerinstitute.org/research/the-history-and-politics-of-russias-relations-with-opec/, (accessed september 7, 2015). 38 ibid. 39 “new alignments? the geopolitics of gas and oil cartels and the changing middle east.” songying fang, amy myers jaffe and tec loch-temzelides. journal of economics of energy and environmental policy. volume 3. number 1, january 24, 2014, http://www.iaee.org/en/publications/eeeparticle.aspx?id=61. 40 rachel bronson, thicker than oil (oxford university press, 2008). 41 ibid 42 “saudi arabia offers russia deal for backing off assad support,” reuters, august 7, 2013 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/07/saudi-arabia-russia-assad_n_3719215.html?utm_hp_ref=tw. also, see ambrose evans-pritchard, “saudis offer russia secret oil deal if it drops syria” the telegraph, august 27, 2013 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/10266957/saudis-offer-russia-secret-oil-deal-if-it-drops-syria.html (accessed september 7, 2015). 43 mark mazzetti, eric schmitt and david d. kirkpatrick, “saudi oil is seen as lever to pry russian support from assad,” the new york times (february 3 2015), http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/04/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-is-said-to-use-oil-to-lure-russia-away-from-syrias-assad.html?smid=tw-share&_r=2 (accessed september 7, 2015). 44 energy information administration, “maritime chokepoints critical to petroleum markets,” (march 2, 2011), www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=330. 45 ibid 46 jean aziz, “what’s behind zarif’s visit to beirut?” al monitor, http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/08/lebanon-iran-zarif-visit-messages-implications-repercussions.html# 47 anne barnard, “new diplomacy seen on u.s.-russian efforts to end syria civil war” the new york times, (august 11, 2015), www.nytimes.com\2015\08\12\world\middleeast ew-diplomacy-seen-on-us-russian-effort-to-end-syria-civil-war.html (accessed on october 23, 2015). 48 robert d. blackwill and meghan o’sullivan, “america’s energy edge,” foreign affairs, march/april 2014, 63 49 middle east briefing, http://mebriefing.com/?p=1914, (accessed september 7, 2015). 50 ibid. 51 pavel k. baev and jeremy shapiro, “how russia and america make the same mistakes in syria,” http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/order-from-chaos/posts/2015/09/11-russia-america-same-mistakes-syria-baev-shapiro ,(accessed september 7, 2015). 52 edwards l. morse and james richards, “the battle for energy dominance,” foreign affairs, march-april 2002, 83; also, amy myers jaffe and robert manning, “russia, energy and the west,” survival 43, no. 2 (summer 2001); and amy myers jaffe and ronald soligo, “energy security: the russian connection,” energy security and global politics: the militarization of resource management, eds. daniel moran and james a. russell (abington: routledge, 2008). 53 daniel yergin, the prize, (simon and schuster, 1994). 54 ibid and “oil market intelligence,” energy intelligence group, (accessed october 23, 2015). 55 ibid. 56 “nigeria: overview/data,” u.s. energy information administration. july 14, 2010, < http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=ni#pet> 57 yergin, op cit. 58 fromson, james and steven simon, “isis: the dubious paradise of apocalypse now,” survival, vol. 57 june-july 2015, 7-56. 59 blackwill op cit. 60 martin hillenbrand, daniel yergin, global insecurity: a strategy for energy and economic renewal, (penguin books, 1983). 61 shirley neff and margaret coleman, “eia outlook: reversal in us oil import dependency,” energy strategy reviews, volume 5, december 2014, 6-13. 62 the wall street journal, “what to consider before tapping the strategic petroleum reserve,” (sept 18, 2015), http://blogs.wsj.com/experts/2015/09/18/what-to-consider-before-tapping-the-strategic-petroleum-reserve/ 63 ibid.

ˈmɔrnərz ˈkɛri ðə ˈbɑdi əv ə ˈsɪriən mæn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ən ˈɛrˌstraɪk baɪ ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn ɔn ʤæn. 16 2016 (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ alhalbi/nurphoto*) mɔr ðən 1 ɪn 10 ˈsɪriənz hæv bɪn ˈwundɪd ər kɪld sɪns ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə wɔr ɪn 2011 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə nu rɪˈpɔrt ðət faɪndz ə ˈstægərˌɪŋ dɛθs hæv bɪn kɔzd baɪ ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt, ˈiðər dɪˈrɛkli ər ˌɪndərˈɛkˌtli. ðə grɪm ˈtæli frəm ðə ˈsɪriən ˈsɛnər fər ˈpɑləsi ˈrisərʧ (scpr*) ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə drəˈmætɪk ˌɪnˈkris frəm ðə ˈtoʊtəl əv fəˈtælɪtiz ˈɔfən ˈsaɪtɪd baɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz, wɪʧ stɑpt ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli ˈkaʊntɪŋ wɔr dɛd ˈərli ɪn 2014 ɪn ɔl, pərˈsɛnt əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən həz bɪn ˈwundɪd ər kɪld sɪns 2011 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə æˈnælɪsɪs. ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv dɛθs wər kɔzd baɪ ˈvaɪələns, waɪl keɪm ɛz ən ˌɪndərˈɛkt rɪˈzəlt əv ðə wɔr ðə kəˈlæps əv ðə ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər, læk əv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈmɛdəsən, pur ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən, ðə sprɛd əv kəmˈjunəkəbəl dɪˈzizɪz, ˈfɑlɪŋ væksəˈneɪʃən reɪts, fud ˈskɛrsɪti ənd ˌmælnuˈtrɪʃən. əˈnəðər ˈmɪljən ˈsɪriənz hæv bɪn ˈɪnʤərd. ðə lɔs əv laɪf wɑz ðə ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈvɪzəbəl ənd direct”*” ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə wɔr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrt, wɪθ laɪf ɪkˈspɛktənsi ˈdrɑpɪŋ frəm jɪrz ɪn 2010 tɪ ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd jɪrz ɪn 2015 əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli meɪl ˈbrɛdˌwɪnərz, hæv [bɪn] kɪld, ˈɪnʤərd, ərˈɛstɪd, ənd ˈkɪdˌnæpt, ɪˈnɔrməsli ɛnˈdeɪnʤərɪŋ ðɛr lɪvz ənd ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz əv ðɛr families,”*,” ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɛd. ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrɪti ənd ənˈbɛrəbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk kənˈdɪʃənz ənd ˈhɑrdʃɪp, hæv fɔrst ˈmɪljənz əv ˈsɪriənz tɪ riˈsɛtəl ˌɪnˈsaɪd ər ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈkəntri ənd tɪ dɪˈpɛnd kəmˈplitli ɔn ˈloʊkəl ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən eɪdz. ðɪs lɔs əv sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪn ɔl ɪts fɔrmz həz ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd ˈjumən raɪts ənd ˈdɪgnəti əv ðə ˈsɪriən population.”*.” ðə ˈɔθər, ˈnæsər, toʊld ðə ˈgɑrdiən ðət ˌɪndərˈɛkt dɛθs wʊd ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. ər ʃʊr əv ðɪs figure,”*,” ˈnæsər sɛd, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ˈərliər kaʊnts frəm ðə u.n*. ˈlaɪkli ðə ˈkæʒəwəltiz du tɪ læk əv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə crisis.”*.” ˈrisərʧ fər ðə ˈstədi wɑz ˈkɛrid aʊt ɔn ðə graʊnd ɪn ˈsɪriə, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈgɑrdiən, wɪʧ fərst ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðə ˈfɪgjərz. ðə æˈnælɪsɪs kəmz ɛz ˈbɑmɪŋ baɪ ðə ˈsɪriən ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈrəʃə əv, ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈlɑrʤəst ˈsɪti, həz ˈprɑmptɪd ə nu ˈɛksədəs əv tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈsɪriənz. ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kəˈmɪti əv ðə rɛd krɔs ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈfaɪtɪŋ həz dɪˈspleɪst ˈsɪriənz ɪn ˈprɑvɪns, wɪθ əraʊnd ˈgæðərɪŋ nɪr ˈbɔrdər wɪθ ˈtərki, wɪʧ rɪˈmeɪnz kloʊzd. ðoʊz hu rɪˈmeɪn ɪn feɪs ə pəˈtɛnʃəl siʤ ɛz ˈfɔrsɪz ˈæˌlaɪd wɪθ ˈprɛzɪdənt bəˈʃɑr æl əˈsɑd sˈloʊli ɛnˈsərkəl ðə ˈɛriə. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, dɪˈploʊməsi həz bɪn ˈfɔltərɪŋ. ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ, ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl tɔks eɪmd æt ˈɛndɪŋ ðə wɔr ˈbɛrli gɑt ɔf ðə graʊnd ɪn ʤəˈnivə ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ wər səˈspɛndɪd. ðə ˈprɑspɛkt fər ˈfərðər nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz əˈpɪr dɪm dɪˈspaɪt plænz tɪ ˈrɛzəˌmeɪ ðɛm ɔn ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 25 waɪl nɑt əˈpɔrʃənɪŋ bleɪm tɪ ˈiðər saɪd ɪn ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt, ðə ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ˈfaɪtɪŋ həz dɪˈstrɔɪd ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər, waɪl ˈsiʤɪz ənd ðə riˈstrɪkʃən əv ˈmuvmənt hæv ˈwərsənd ðə hɛlθ əv ðoʊz wɪθ ˈkrɑnɪk ˈɪlnəsɪz. fɪˈzɪʃənz fər ˈjumən raɪts, ə grup ðət træks ðə dɛθs əv ˈwərkərz ɪn ˈsɪriə, sɛd ɪn ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈrisərʧ riˈlist læst dɪˈsɛmbər ðət 2015 wɑz wən əv ðə wərst jɪrz ɔn ˈrɛkərd fər straɪks ɔn ˈmɛdɪkəl fəˈsɪlɪtiz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri, wɪθ ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz ˈlɔnʧɪŋ mɔr ðən 100 əˈtæks. sɪns mɑrʧ 2011 ðə ˈjumən raɪts grup həz rɪˈkɔrdɪd 336 əˈtæks ɔn ˈmɛdɪkəl fəˈsɪlɪtiz ənd ðə dɛθs əv 697 ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌpərsəˈnɛl ə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv wɪʧ ɪt əˈtrɪˌbjuts tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ɪts ˈælaɪz. ɪn, fɪˈzɪʃənz fər ˈjumən raɪts ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət 95 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈdɑktərz hæv ˈiðər flɛd, bɪn dɪˈteɪnd ər kɪld. ðoʊz hu ər stɪl ðɛr ˈstrəgəl wɪθ ˈʃɔrtɪʤɪz əv səˈplaɪz ənd ɪkˈwɪpmənt, ənd lɪv ˈəndər ðə θrɛt əv ˈbɑmɪŋz. ðə ˈɔlsoʊ lʊkt æt ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə wɔr, ˈpleɪsɪŋ ˈtoʊtəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk lɔs baɪ ðə ɛnd əv 2015 æt ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈbɪljən. mɔr ðən 85 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈkəntri ɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈpɑvərti, wɪθ kloʊz tɪ 7 ɪn 10 ˈsɪriənz stək ɪn ɪkˈstrim ˈpɑvərti əˈneɪbəl tɪ əˈfɔrd ɛˈsɛnʃəlz laɪk fud ər ˈwɔtər. æt ðə stɑrt əv ðə wɔr ɪn 2011 ˈʤɑbləsnəs stʊd æt pərˈsɛnt. baɪ ðə ɛnd əv læst jɪr, ɪt sərʤd tɪ pərˈsɛnt.