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an attack by gunmen on a public bus in ethiopia's western gambella region has left 19 people dead and wounded eight others, an official said. "the attack took place yesterday (monday), around 2pm... i suspect it was an anti-peace element we consider as rebels," omot odeng olol, the regional president, told the afp news agency on tuesday. omot said the suspected rebels armed with machine guns stole money and clothes from the passengers before opening fire on them. he said the gunmen have not yet been caught. "we deployed a number of forces and we are still looking, and they are not yet caught," he said, adding that he does not expect the assaillants to launch further attacks in the area as security has been beefed up. omot said when police arrived at the scene bodies were strewn on the ground as the injured were taken to a nearby hospital. "that kind of thing is the very worst you can imagine," he said. no group has claimed responsibility for the attack. ethiopia's gambella region, which lies some 700km (430 miles) to the west of the capital addis ababa, is one of the most fertile and resource-rich areas of the country. in january the us-based human rights watch accused addis ababa of forcing thousands of villagers from their land to make way for commercial farming developments, leaving people impoverished and hungry. at least 3.6 million hectares (8.8 million acres) have been leased to foreign and state-owned firms since 2008, with state security using force to drive people from off their land, hrw said.

ˈɛdət: ðɪs poʊst ɪz ˌɪnˈklusɪv tɪ ɔl ɑrt fɔrmz. laɪks kən ˈoʊnli goʊ soʊ fɑr fər ˈɑrtɪsts. ˈɑrtɪsts meɪ ɪkˈsklusɪvli ˈəˌploʊd ðɛr ˈɑrtˌwərk tɪ ˈtəmblər, ər hæv ðə taɪm tɪ juz ˈəðər saɪts ənd prɪˈfər ˈtəmblər ˈoʊvər du tɪ ɪts sɪmˈplɪsɪti, bət ðə ˈtægɪŋ ˈsɪstəm kən meɪk ɪt ˈhɑrdər tɪ ˈnævəˌgeɪt. ˈmɛni ˈɑrtɪsts ɔn ˈtəmblər tæg wɪθ tægz ər juz ðɛr oʊn tægz tɪ prɪˈvɛnt tæg ˈklɔgɪŋ wɪʧ ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli bɪˈkəm lɔst. waɪ ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ən wərk. nɑt traɪɪŋ tɪ pʊʃ ju tɪ ruɪn jʊr ɛsˈθɛtɪk ər ˈsəmθɪŋ, nɔr æm aɪ seɪɪŋ ðət məst ˌæbsəˈlutli jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt wərk ər trash”*”, ɔl seɪɪŋ ɪz ɪf ju ˈtruli wɔnt tɪ səˈpɔrt jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈɑrtɪst, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ʤɪst ˈlaɪkɪŋ ðɛr poʊsts, traɪ tɪ ðɛm wəns ɪn ə waɪl. ðə mɔr ðeɪ rɪˈsiv, ðə mɔr ðeɪ meɪ rɪˈsiv, ənd ʤɪst wən əv ðə ˈiziəst weɪz tɪ ʃoʊ ju kɛr əˈbaʊt ðɛm. *ðɪs dɪz nɑt min tɪ ˈɑrtˌwərk ər wərks tɪ əˈnəðər blɔg wɪˈθaʊt pərˈmɪʃən (re:stolen*). nɔr dɪz ðɪs min tɪ ˈɑrtˌwərks wɪˈθaʊt ðə kənˈsɛnt, ˈivɪn ɪf ðɪs keɪs ɪz slɪm.

edit: this post is inclusive to all art forms. likes can only go so far for artists. artists may exclusively upload their artwork to tumblr, or have the time to use other sites and prefer tumblr over deviantart due to its simplicity, but the tagging system can make it harder to navigate. many artists on tumblr tag with high-traffic tags or use their own tags to prevent tag clogging which eventually become lost. why very important to reblog an artist’s work. i’m not trying to push you to ruin your blog’s aesthetic or something, nor am i saying that “you must absolutely reblog your favourite artist’s work or trash”, all saying is if you truly want to support your favourite artist, instead of just liking their posts, try to reblog them once in a while. the more reblogs they receive, the more exposure/notes/followers they may receive, and just one of the easiest ways to show you care about them. *this does not mean to reblog unsourced artwork or works reuploaded to another person’s blog without permission (re:stolen). nor does this mean to reblog artworks without the artist’s consent, even if this case is slim.

dɪr ˈɛvən ˈhænsən ɪz ə ˈkrɪtɪkəli əˈkleɪmd mˈjuzɪkəl əˈbaʊt ən ˈæŋʃəs haɪ skul ˈstudənt neɪmd ˈɛvən, hu filz ˈvɛri əˈloʊn. kwoʊts wɪl bi ˈlɪrɪks frəm ðə mˈjuzɪkəl. ɪn ðɪs ˈkɛrɪktər æˈnælɪsɪs, aɪ wɪl ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv ˈbroʊkən ɑrm, ˈsərtən sɔŋz ənd ˈlɪrɪks, ənd hɪz prəˈgrɛʃən θru ðə kɔrs əv ðə ˈstɔri. *ˈspɔɪlərz fər dɪr ˈɛvən wɪn ðə mˈjuzɪkəl bɪˈgɪnz, ˈɛvən ɪz ˈraɪtɪŋ ə ˈlɛtər tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ən əˈsaɪnmənt frəm hɪz ˈθɛrəpɪst. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wət ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ə sɛlf pɛp tɔk tərnz ˈɪntu ˈæŋʃəs ramblings*. klɪr ðət ˈɛvən həz ə ˈvɛri hɑrd taɪm ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ˈəðər ˈpipəl. ˈməðər kəmz ɪn ənd ðə ˈɔkwərd ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ðət ˈfɑloʊz ʃoʊz ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈdɪstəns ðə tu hæv. æt skul, ˈɛvən bɪˈgɪnz tɪ meɪk ə smɔl kəˈnɛkʃən tɪ əˈnəðər ˈstudənt neɪmd ˈkɑnər. ðət ɪz, ənˈtɪl ˈkɑnər faɪndz wən əv mɔr ˈsɑmbər pɛp tɔk ˈlɛtərz ðət ˈmɛnʃənz ˈsɪstər, hu ɪz krəʃ. ˈkɑnər friks aʊt, teɪks ðə ˈlɛtər, ənd livz. θri deɪz ˈleɪtər, rɪˈvild ðət ˈkɑnər kəˈmɪtɪd ˈsuɪˌsaɪd. ˈfæməli dɪˈskəvərz ðə ˈlɛtər wɪθ ˈkɑnər, mɪˈsteɪk ɪt ɛz ə ˈsuɪˌsaɪd noʊt, ənd θɪŋk ðət hi ənd ˈɛvən wər kloʊz frɛndz. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, aɪ ʃʊd ˈmɛnʃən ðət ˈɛvən həz ə ˈbroʊkən ɑrm. ðɪs fækt dɪz nɑt sim ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt æt fərst, bət ˈæˌkʧuəli wən əv ðə meɪn ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə mˈjuzɪkəl, ənd ˈɛvəri taɪm ɪt kəmz əp, ə nu leɪər ɪz ˈædɪd tɪ ˈkɛrɪktər. wɪn hɪz ˈfæməli frɛnd ˈʤɛrɪd æsks əˈbaʊt hɪz ɑrm, ˈɛvən tɛlz ɪm ðət hi fɛl aʊt ə tri, bət hi steɪd ɔn ðə graʊnd fər tɛn ˈmɪnəts ˈæftərwərdz, ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ˈsəmˌwən tɪ gɪt ɪm. ðɪs ɪz pleɪd ɔf ɛz ˈfəni æt ðə taɪm, (baɪ ˈɛvən hɪmˈsɛlf) bət ɪt sun bɪˈkəmz ə lɔt mɔr ˈsɑmbər. ˈfɑlɪŋ ɪn ə ˈfɔrɪst, ənd ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi əraʊnd, du ju ˈɛvər ˈrɪli kræʃ ər ˈivɪn meɪk ə sound.”*.” nɑt ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ hərt ˈpɛrənts, ˈɛvən ˈvɪzɪts ðɛm ənd plænz tɪ priˈtɛnd ðət hi nu ˈkɑnər, ˈnɑdɪŋ ənd kənˈfərmɪŋ tɪ ˈɛni kˈwɛsʧənz. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, hi meɪks əp ə taɪm wɪn hi ənd ˈkɑnər həŋ aʊt æt ən ˈæpəl ˈɔrʧərd. ˈsəmθɪŋ spɪˈsɪfɪk hi sɪz ɪz ðət hi broʊk hɪz ɑrm, ənd ˈkɑnər wɑz ðɛr fər ɪm. ðɪs ˈhaɪˌlaɪts dɪˈzaɪər fər ˈhævɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn. hi filz əˈloʊn, ənd ɪt bɪˈgɪnz tɪ bi mɔr əˈbaʊt ˈɛvən ˈwɪʃɪŋ hi wɑz frɛndz wɪθ ˈkɑnər, ər ˈɛniˌwən, ˈrəðər ðən ʤɪst ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt əp tɪ hɛlp ˈpɛrənts. ɔn ðə graʊnd. maɪ ɑrm goʊz nəm, aɪ lʊk əraʊnd, ənd aɪ si ɪm kəm tɪ gɪt mi. kəm tɪ gɪt mi, ənd okay,”*,” ðə nɛkst taɪm ɑrm kəmz əp ɪz wɪn ˈgɪvɪŋ ə spiʧ əˈbaʊt ˈkɑnər ənd ˈfilɪŋ əˈloʊn. ðɪs ɪz mɛnt tɪ bi ðə pik ɪn dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɛz ə ˈkɛrɪktər, duɪŋ ə spiʧ ɪn frənt əv ən ɪnˈtaɪər əˈsɛmbli. ðə spiʧ kəmz ɪn ðə fɔrm əv ðə sɔŋ, wɪl bi found”*”. ˈbeɪsɪkli ðə ɪnˈtaɪər sɔŋ riˈvɑlvz əraʊnd ˈkɑnər biɪŋ ðɛr fər ˈɛvən wɪn hi broʊk hɪz ɑrm, ənd ðət ˈɛvriˌwən həz ˈsəmˌwən hu wɪl bi hir fər ðɛm. ðə sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv ˈbroʊkən ɑrm ɪz ˈfaɪnəli rɪˈvild wɪn ˈɛvən sɪz ðət hi ˈæˌkʧuəli fɔl aʊt əv ðə fɔl, bət hi lɛt goʊ... ɔn ˈpərpəs. ðɪs fækt meɪks dɪˈzaɪər fər ˈsəmˌwən tɪ bi ðɛr məʧ mɔr impactful*. ˈɛvən nɑt ˈoʊnli fɛlt əˈloʊn bɪˈkəz noʊ wən hɛlpt ɪm wɪn hi broʊk hɪz ɑrm, bət ˈɛvən fɛlt ˈtruli əˈloʊn. hi fɛlt laɪk hi ˈmætər, ənd ðət noʊ wən wʊd kɛr ɪf hi ʤɪst... lɛt goʊ. ˈɛvən ˈdɛspərətli wɪʃt hi hæd ˈsəmˌwən, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ hi kɛpt əp ðə laɪ əˈbaʊt noʊ ˈkɑnər fər soʊ lɔŋ. hi ˈwɔntɪd ɪt soʊ ˈbædli tɪ bi tru. ðɪs ɪz meɪd klɪr ɪn ðə sɔŋ, fail”*” wɑz ʤɪst ə sæd ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən ɪt ˈwəzənt ril, aɪ noʊ bət wi wər ˈhæpi aɪ gɛs aɪ ˈkʊdənt lɛt ðət goʊ aɪ gɛs aɪ ˈkʊdənt gɪv ðət əp aɪ gɛs aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bɪˈliv 'kɔz ɪf aɪ ʤɪst bɪˈliv ðɛn aɪ doʊnt hæv tɪ si wəts ˈrɪli there”*” wən θɪŋ aɪ ˈrɪli əˈpriʃiˌeɪt əˈbaʊt haʊ ðə ˈstɔri ɪz ˈhændəld ɪz ˈmoʊtɪvz. ˈnɔrməli ɪn ðɪs taɪp əv meɪn ˈkɛrɪktər laɪz əˈbaʊt ə ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ ˈstɔri, ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli wət draɪvz ðɛm. ˈivɪn ɪf nɑt haʊ ɪt ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt (bət ɪt ˈjuʒəwəli ɪz) ɪt ˈɔlˌweɪz ɛndz əp goʊɪŋ tɪ ðɛr hɛd. ˈɛvən ˈnɛvər dɪd ɪt fər ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti, bət ˌɪnˈstɛd, ɪt wɑz tɪ hɛlp ˈfæməli. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, hɪz ˈmoʊtɪvz dɪd bɪˈkəm tˈwɪstɪd, bət ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈkipɪŋ əp ðə laɪ tɪ bi ˈpɑpjələr, hi ˈlɪtərəli priˈtɛndɪd ɪt wɑz tru bɪˈkəz hi ˈwɔntɪd ɪt tɪ bi. hi ˈnidɪd ɪt tɪ bi. fər wəns ɪn hɪz laɪf, ˈɛvən fil əˈloʊn. ˈfæməli ˈwɛlkəmd ɪm laɪk ə sən. ˈpipəl ˈfaɪnəli ˈwɔntɪd ɪm. əˈnəðər θɪŋ ɪz ðət hi kɔt ɪn hɪz laɪ laɪk moʊst ˈsɪmələr ˈstɔriz, bət hi siz haʊ hɪz laɪ ɪz rɔŋ, ənd ədˈmɪts ɪt hɪmˈsɛlf. ˈsɪriəsli, ðə sɔŋ, fail”*” ɪz soʊ əˈmeɪzɪŋ, bɪˈkəz ɪt gɪvz ɪnˈtaɪər ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən fər hɪz ˈækʃənz, ənd ʃoʊz haʊ məʧ ˈhərtɪŋ. baɪ ðə taɪm ðə sɔŋ həz ˈɛndɪd, ˈɛvən ɪz əˈloʊn wəns əˈgɛn. ˈfæməli ɪz fˈjʊriəs ənd hərt, ɛz ðeɪ ʃʊd bi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈɛvən faɪndz ˈkəmfərt ɪn ə pleɪs hi ˈnɛvər ɪkˈspɛktɪd. hɪz ˈməðər. ðɪs ɪz soʊ ˈpaʊərfəl bɪˈkəz ˈɛvən həz sɛd θruaʊt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈstɔri ðət hɪz ˈməðər ɪz ˈnɛvər ðɛr fər ɪm. ʃi wərks ɔl əv ðə taɪm ənd ˈsteɪtɪd ðət biɪŋ wɪθ ˈfæməli wɑz ðə fərst taɪm hi fɛlt laɪk hi əˈloʊn. bət wɪn ˈɛvən həz lɔst ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ, ðə wən ˈpərsən hu wʊd ˈtruli stɪl bi ðɛr, hu əˈbændən ɪm noʊ ˈmætər wət, ɪz ˈməðər. waɪ ɪn ðə sɔŋ, small”*”, ɪt brɪŋz əp ðə taɪm wɪn ˈɛvən wɑz ə ʧaɪld. hɪz ˈfɑðər lɛft, ənd ʧaɪld ˈɛvən wɑz ˈwərid ðət hɪz mɑm wʊd liv tu. ʃi tʊk hɪz hænd, ənd sɪz ðət ˈnɛvər liv ɪm. ðɪs ɪz mɛnt tɪ bi ə ˈpɛrəˌlɛl tɪ ðə ˈprɛzənt. mɑm həz ə tru ˌənkənˈdɪʃənəl ləv fər hər sən, ənd wɪl ˈnɛvər stɑp ˈləvɪŋ ɪm ər liv ɪm. hɑrd tɪ kənˈveɪ ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˌɪmˈpækt ðɪs kən hæv ɔn ə ˈpərsən. ˈfilɪŋ soʊ əˈloʊn, ənd ˈfaɪndɪŋ aʊt ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈsəmˌwən ɪn jʊr laɪf ju kən rɪˈlaɪ ɔn. ˈɛvən spɛnt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈstɔri priˈtɛndɪŋ ðət hi hæd ˈsəmˌwən, ənd ˈoʊnli wɪn ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ fɛl əˈpɑrt dɪd ˈɛvən si wət wɑz ˈrɪli ðɛr. hi hæv tɪ priˈtɛnd. ðɛr ɪz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈmɛsɪʤ biɪŋ kənˈveɪd hir. ðə meɪn wən ɪz ðət wi ər ˈnɛvər əˈloʊn. soʊ ˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ʤɪst θɪŋk ðət ju hæv noʊ wən, ər ˈkɑnstrəkt ə ˈfɪkʃənəl laɪf ðət simz ˈbɛtər ðən ðə wən ju hæv, bət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðɛr ər ˈpipəl ɪn ɑr oʊn lɪvz ðət wi si haʊ məʧ ðeɪ kɛr, ənd wɪl bi ðɛr fər ju. tru ðət nən əv ˈjuˈɛs ər əˈloʊn. ju seɪ jʊr ˈfæməli kɛr? ə gʊd ʧæns ðət ju ʤɪst nid tɪ lʊk ˈdipər. trəst mi, maɪ oʊn ˈfæməli ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə bɛst səˈpɔrt ˈsɪstəm, ənd ˈizi tɪ seɪ ðeɪ kɛr, bət ˈfæməli ɪz ˈɔfən wɛr ju faɪnd tru ˌənkənˈdɪʃənəl ləv, ˈivɪn ɪf hɑrd tɪ ʃoʊ. ɪf ju ˈæˌkʧuəli hæv ə ˈhɑrmfəl ər ˈtɑksɪk riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ jʊr ˈfæməli, ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˈəðər ˈpipəl. frɛndz, ˈneɪbərz, ə ˈθɛrəpɪst, ˈɔnˌlaɪn frɛndz. aɪ noʊ hɑrd tɪ bɪˈliv, bɪˈkəz wɪn ju fil ˈtruli əˈloʊn ðət hɑrd tɪ si ðət ˈpipəl kɛr, bət aɪ θɪŋk ɪf ju lʊk hɑrd ɪˈnəf, bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ faɪnd ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ hoʊld ˈɔntu. soʊ jæ, ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ bɪˈkəm soʊ ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈraɪtɪŋ ðɪs, bət aɪ gɛs ʤɪst wɛl, ˈmeɪbi ˈsəmˌwən aʊt ðɛr hu ˈnidɪd tɪ hir ðɪs. ɪf ju faɪnd ˈɛniˌwən raɪt naʊ, ər nid ˈsəmˌwən tɪ tɔk tɪ, əˈveɪləbəl.

dear evan hansen is a critically acclaimed musical about an anxious high school student named evan, who feels very alone. quotes will be lyrics from the musical. in this character analysis, i will focus on the significance of evan’s broken arm, certain songs and lyrics, and his progression through the course of the story. *spoilers for dear evan hansen* when the musical begins, evan is writing a letter to himself as an assignment from his therapist. however, what is supposed to be a self pep talk turns into anxious ramblings. clear that evan has a very hard time talking to other people. evan’s mother comes in and the awkward conversation that follows shows the emotional distance the two have. at school, evan begins to make a small connection to another student named connor. that is, until connor finds one of evan’s more somber pep talk letters that mentions connor’s sister, who is evan’s crush. connor freaks out, takes the letter, and leaves. three days later, revealed that connor committed suicide. connor’s family discovers the letter with connor, mistake it as a suicide note, and think that he and evan were close friends. at this point, i should mention that evan has a broken arm. this fact does not seem important at first, but actually one of the main aspects of the musical, and every time it comes up, a new layer is added to evan’s character. when his family friend jared asks about his arm, evan tells him that he fell out a tree, but he stayed on the ground for ten minutes afterwards, waiting for someone to get him. this is played off as funny at the time, (by evan himself) but it soon becomes a lot more somber. “when you’re falling in a forest, and nobody around, do you ever really crash or even make a sound.” not wanting to hurt connor’s parents, evan visits them and plans to pretend that he knew connor, nodding and confirming to any questions. eventually, he makes up a time when he and connor hung out at an apple orchard. something specific he says is that he broke his arm, and connor was there for him. this highlights evan’s desire for having someone to rely on. he feels alone, and it begins to be more about evan wishing he was friends with connor, or anyone, rather than just making it up to help connor’s parents. “i’m on the ground. my arm goes numb, i look around, and i see him come to get me. he’s come to get me, and everything’s okay,” the next time evan’s arm comes up is when he’s giving a speech about connor and feeling alone. this is meant to be the peak in evan’s development as a character, doing a speech in front of an entire assembly. the speech comes in the form of the song, “you will be found”. basically the entire song revolves around connor being there for evan when he broke his arm, and that everyone has someone who will be here for them. the significance of evan’s broken arm is finally revealed when evan says that he didn’t actually fall out of the fall, but he let go... on purpose. this fact makes evan’s desire for someone to be there much more impactful. evan not only felt alone because no one helped him when he broke his arm, but evan felt truly alone. he felt like he didn’t matter, and that no one would care if he just... let go. evan desperately wished he had someone, which is why he kept up the lie about know connor for so long. he wanted it so badly to be true. this is made clear in the song, “words fail” “this was just a sad invention it wasn't real, i know but we were happy i guess i couldn't let that go i guess i couldn't give that up i guess i wanted to believe 'cause if i just believe then i don't have to see what's really there” one thing i really appreciate about how the story is handled is evan’s motives. normally in this type of main character lies about a misunderstanding story, popularity is usually what drives them. even if not how it started out (but it usually is) it always ends up going to their head. evan never did it for popularity, but instead, it was to help connor’s family. eventually, his motives did become twisted, but instead of keeping up the lie to be popular, he literally pretended it was true because he wanted it to be. he needed it to be. for once in his life, evan didn’t feel alone. connor’s family welcomed him like a son. people finally wanted him. another thing is that he isn’t caught in his lie like most similar stories, but he sees how his lie is wrong, and admits it himself. seriously, the song, “words fail” is so amazing, because it gives evan’s entire motivation for his actions, and shows how much he’s hurting. by the time the song has ended, evan is alone once again. connor’s family is furious and hurt, as they should be. however, evan finds comfort in a place he never expected. his mother. this is so powerful because evan has said throughout the entire story that his mother is never there for him. she works all of the time and stated that being with connor’s family was the first time he felt like he wasn’t alone. but when evan has lost everything, the one person who would truly still be there, who wouldn’t abandon him no matter what, is evan’s mother. why in the song, “so big/so small”, it brings up the time when evan was a child. his father left, and child evan was worried that his mom would leave too. she took his hand, and says that she’ll never leave him. this is meant to be a parallel to the present. evan’s mom has a true unconditional love for her son, and will never stop loving him or leave him. hard to convey the emotional impact this can have on a person. feeling so alone, and finding out that there is someone in your life you can rely on. evan spent the entire story pretending that he had someone, and only when everything fell apart did evan see what was really there. he didn’t have to pretend. there is an important message being conveyed here. the main one is that we are never alone. so tempting to just think that you have no one, or construct a fictional life that seems better than the one you have, but sometimes there are people in our own lives that we can’t see how much they care, and will be there for you. true that none of us are alone. you say your family doesn’t care? a good chance that you just need to look deeper. trust me, my own family isn’t always the best support system, and easy to say they don’t care, but family is often where you find true unconditional love, even if hard to show. if you actually have a harmful or toxic relationship with your family, there will always be other people. friends, neighbors, a therapist, online friends. i know hard to believe, because when you feel truly alone that hard to see that people care, but i think if you look hard enough, you’ll be able to find something to hold onto. so yeah, didn’t expect to become so emotional writing this, but i guess just well, maybe someone out there who needed to here this. if you can’t find anyone right now, or need someone to talk to, i’m available.

haʊ tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ˈgugəl lɛnz ɪn ˈgugəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz raɪt naʊ [rut] ˈɛnviəs əv ðə nu ˈgugəl ˈpɪksəl 2 ənd ˈpɪksəl 2 ˈoʊnərz? ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈrisənt dɪˈspleɪ ˈtrəbəlz səm ˈjuzərz hæv bɪn ˈhævɪŋ, ˈmeɪbi jʊr ˈɛnvi həz weɪnd ə bɪt. stɪl, ðɛr ər səm ˈpɪksəl ɪkˈsklusɪv ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈfiʧərz ðət ju meɪ ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ traɪ laɪk ˈgugəl lɛnz. ə ˈprɪti nit ˈfiʧər ðət məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤi tɪ skæn ˈɪmɪʤɪz tɪ brɪŋ əp ˈrɛləvənt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ɪt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr kæt brid, fər ˈɪnstəns. wi hæv traɪd, ɔn ˈnumərəs ɔˈkeɪʒənz ɪn ðə pæst, tɪ gɪt ˈgugəl lɛnz ɪn iʧ keɪs ˈgugəl kˈwɪkli ʃəts daʊn ðə ˈmɛθəd. bæk əˈgɛn wɪθ jɛt əˈnəðər weɪ tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ˈgugəl lɛnz ɪn ˈgugəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz. wət ɪz ˈgugəl lɛnz? əˈnaʊnst æt ðɪs ˈgugəl i/o*, ðə ˈfiʧər əˈlaʊz ju tɪ pɔɪnt jʊr ˈkæmərə (ˈviə ˈgugəl əˈsɪstənt) ər ˈænəˌlaɪz ən ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤ (ˈviə ˈgugəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz) tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈjusfəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt wət ju ər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt. ɔn steɪʤ, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ʃoʊd ɔf lɛnz ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ flaʊərz tɪ ʃoʊ wət kaɪnd əv flaʊər ɪt wɑz, ˈpɔɪntɪŋ jʊr foʊn ˈkæmərə æt ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt tɪ si ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən laɪk ˈrisənt rəvˈjuz, ər ˈskænɪŋ ə ˈwiˌfi ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈstɪkər tɪ kəˈnɛkt tɪ ə ˈnɛtˌwərk. ɪt həz bɪn kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈgugəl ˈgɑgəlz baɪ ˈmɛni, bət kən bi ðoʊ əv ɛz ɪts ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl səkˈsɛsər. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ən əv ˈgugəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ðət wi pərˈfɔrmd ə waɪl bæk, hir ɪz wət ˈgugəl lɛnz ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈkeɪpəbəl əv: aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ: ˈɑrtˌwərk bʊks ˈbɪldɪŋz ˈlændˌmɑrks ˈmidiə ˈkəvərz ˈmuviz mˈjuzɪk ˈælbəmz ˈpeɪnɪŋz ˈpleɪsɪz pɔɪnts əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ˈstæˌʧuz ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz pərˈfɔrm: æd ˈkɑnˌtækts frəm ə ˈbɪznɪs kɑrd ˈlæŋgwɪʤ trænzˈleɪʃən lʊk əp ˈprɑdəkt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈoʊpən wɛb ˈæˈdrɛsɪz ɪn jʊr ˈbraʊzər plænt ənd ˈænəməl aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən seɪv deɪts tɪ jʊr ˈkæləndər frəm ə ˈpoʊstər traɪ aʊt ˈgugəl lɛnz ɪn ˈgugəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz raɪt naʊ məʧ laɪk ˈpriviəs ˈmɛθədz, wi wɪl bi ˈtrɪkɪŋ ðə ˈgugəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðə foʊn ɪz ə ˈgugəl ˈpɪksəl 2 wi du ðɪs baɪ ˈædɪŋ faɪlz tɪ ðət ər ɪkˈsklusɪvli faʊnd ɔn ðə ˈgugəl ˈpɪksəl 2 aɪ kənˈfərmd ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ðiz faɪlz ɪn ðə ˈfæktəri ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪz. ðə faɪlz ər kɔld ənd ənd kənˈteɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ laɪnz: <?ˌɛkˌsɛˈmɛl ðiz ər kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃənz ðət ʃʊd ɪgˈzɪst ɔn 2017 ənd nuər ˈnɛksəs dɪˈvaɪsɪz. <config*> ðɪs ɪz mɛnt tɪ bi ðə kəˈnɑnəkəl ˈfiʧər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ 2017 ənd nuər ˈnɛksəs dɪˈvaɪsɪz. <ˈfiʧər name="com.google.android.feature.pixel_2017_experience*" </config*> <?ˌɛkˌsɛˈmɛl ðiz ər kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃənz ðət ʃʊd ɪgˈzɪst ɔn 2017 dɪˈvaɪsɪz (ənd nɑt newer/older*) <config*> ðɪs dɪˈfaɪnz ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈfiʧər fər spəˈsɪfɪkli ðə 2017 ˈpɪksəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz. <ˈfiʧər name="com.google.android.apps.photos.pixel_2017_preload*" </config*> ˈjuzərz kʊd ˈpriviəsli gɪt əˈweɪ wɪθ ˈoʊnli ˈædɪŋ ə faɪl kɔld ““nexus.xml”*” tɪ ðɪs dɪˈrɛktəri, bət ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈwərkɪŋ baɪ ˌɪtˈsɛlf. bət wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈkluʒən əv ðiz tu faɪlz ɪn, ˈgugəl lɛnz ɪn ˈgugəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz wɪl naʊ wərk. soʊ wət du ju ˈæˌkʧuəli du? ˈsɪmpəl! ˈfɑloʊ ðiz stɛps tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ˈgugəl lɛnz ɪn ˈgugəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ɔn ə ˈrutɪd ˈænˌdrɔɪd dɪˈvaɪs (ˈtɛstɪd ɔn maɪ 5 ˈrənɪŋ ɔn ˈænˌdrɔɪd): haʊ tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ˈgugəl lɛnz ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə zɪp faɪl faʊnd ɪn ðɪs θrɛd, meɪd baɪ ˈmɛmbər riˈbut ˈɪntu rɪˈkəvəri flæʃ ðə zɪp faɪl ɪn rɪˈkəvəri but bæk ˈɪntu ˈænˌdrɔɪd ənd ˈoʊpən əp ˈgugəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ju ˈivɪn nid tɪ klɪr æp ˈdætə ɪn ˈgugəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz! hi meɪd ə ʃɔrt skrin rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ju kən vju hir ðət ʃoʊz ɔf ˈæktəˌveɪtɪŋ ˈgugəl lɛnz. noʊt ðət ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi ˈpoʊstɪd ðɪs ɪn ðə 3 ˈfɔrəm, ˈnəθɪŋ spɪˈsɪfɪk ər juˈnik əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən tɪ ðə 3 soʊ ɪt ʃʊd wərk ɔn ˈɛni ˈrutɪd ˈænˌdrɔɪd dɪˈvaɪs! gɪv ˈgugəl lɛnz ə traɪ raɪt naʊ ənd lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ jʊr θɔts bɪˈloʊ! ˈgugəl kʊd ˈvɛri ˈizəli pæʧ ðɪs ˈmɛθəd baɪ ˈəpˌdeɪtɪŋ ˈgugəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ɪn ðə nɛkst fju aʊərz ər deɪz, bət ˈgɪvɪn ðət ˈpɪksəl 2 ər ɔˈrɛdi ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ənd ðə ˈfreɪmˌwərk fər ˈænˌdrɔɪd ɪz aʊt, bi hɑrd fər ðɛm tɪ kip pleɪɪŋ ðɪs geɪm wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs.

how to enable google lens in google photos right now [root] envious of the new google pixel 2 and pixel 2 xl owners? given the recent display troubles some users have been having, maybe your envy has waned a bit. still, there are some pixel exclusive software features that you may really want to try like google lens. it’s a pretty neat feature that leverages google’s machine learning technology to scan images to bring up relevant information. it recognized this redditor’s particular cat breed, for instance. we have tried, on numerous occasions in the past, to get google lens working—though in each case google quickly shuts down the method. we’re back again with yet another way to enable google lens in google photos. what is google lens? announced at this year’s google i/o, the feature allows you to point your camera (via google assistant) or analyze an existing image (via google photos) to provide useful information about what you are looking at. on stage, the company showed off lens analyzing flowers to show what kind of flower it was, pointing your phone camera at a restaurant to see information like recent reviews, or scanning a wifi network sticker to connect to a network. it has been compared to google goggles by many, but can be though of as its spiritual successor. according to an apk teardown of google photos that we performed a while back, here is what google lens is currently capable of: identify: artwork barcodes books buildings landmarks media covers movies music albums paintings places points of interest statues video games perform: add contacts from a business card language translation look up product information open web addresses in your browser plant and animal identification save dates to your calendar from a poster try out google lens in google photos right now much like previous methods, we will be tricking the google photos application into thinking the phone is a google pixel 2. we do this by adding files to /system/etc/sysconfig that are exclusively found on the google pixel 2. i confirmed the existence of these files in the factory images of the devices. the files are called pixel_2017.xml and pixel_2017_exclusive.xml and contain the following lines: pixel_2017.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- these are configurations that should exist on google's 2017 and newer nexus devices. --> <config> <!-- this is meant to be the canonical feature identifying 2017 and newer nexus devices. --> <feature name="com.google.android.feature.pixel_2017_experience" /> </config> pixel_2017_exclusive.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- these are configurations that should exist on google's 2017 devices (and not newer/older) --> <config> <!-- this defines the photos preload feature for specifically the 2017 pixel devices. --> <feature name="com.google.android.apps.photos.pixel_2017_preload" /> </config> users could previously get away with only adding a file called “nexus.xml” to this directory, but it appears that is no longer working by itself. but with the inclusion of these two files in /system/etc/sysconfig, google lens in google photos will now work. so what do you actually do? that’s simple! follow these steps to enable google lens in google photos on a rooted android device (tested on my oneplus 5 running oxygenos on android 7.1 nougat): how to enable google lens download the flashable zip file found in this thread, made by xda member zeevox reboot into twrp recovery flash the zip file in recovery boot back into android and open up google photos according to zeevox, you shouldn’t even need to clear app data in google photos! he made a short screen recording you can view here that shows off activating google lens. note that although he posted this in the oneplus 3 forum, there’s nothing specific or unique about this modification to the oneplus 3 so it should work on any rooted android device! give google lens a try right now and let us know your thoughts below! google could very easily patch this method by updating google photos in the next few hours or days, but given that pixel 2 smartphones are already on the market and the xposed framework for android nougat is out, it’ll be hard for them to keep playing this cat-and-mouse game with us.

ðə kəˈlɛkʃən ɪz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈpraɪvət ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt kəˈlɛkʃən ɪn ðə wərld, ˈmoʊstli ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ˈɑzloʊ ənd ˈləndən. fɔrmd ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri baɪ ˈmɑrtɪn, ɪt kəmˈpraɪzɪz ˈmænjəˌskrɪpts əv ˈgloʊbəl ˈprɑvənəns, ˈspænɪŋ jɪrz əv ˈhɪstəri. ɪt kənˈteɪnz mɔr ðən ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt ˈaɪtəmz; ðə ˈoʊldəst ɪz əˈbaʊt jɪrz oʊld. ðɛr ər ˈmænjəˌskrɪpts frəm 134 ˈdɪfərənt ˈkəntriz ənd ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ 120 dɪˈstɪŋkt ðə vərˈaɪəti əv manuscripts—geographic*, lɪŋgˈwɪstɪk, ˈtɛksˌʧuəl ənd mɔr ðən ɪts saɪz meɪks ðə kəˈlɛkʃən juˈnik. ðə kəˈlɛkʃən həz ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈaɪtəmz ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd ənd dɪˈskraɪbd. ðə ˈprɑvənəns əv ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈkjuniəˌfɔrm məˈtɪriəlz hɛld baɪ ðə kəˈlɛkʃən rɪˈmeɪnz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈnoʊtəbəl ˈmænjəˌskrɪpts ˈɛdət əˈməŋ ðə moʊst ˈnoʊtəbəl ˈaɪtəmz əv ðə kəˈlɛkʃən ər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət ˈmidiə rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ kəˈlɛkʃən æt ˈkɑmənz

the schøyen collection is the largest private manuscript collection in the world, mostly located in oslo and london. formed in the 20th century by martin schøyen, it comprises manuscripts of global provenance, spanning 5,000 years of history. it contains more than 13,000 manuscript items; the oldest is about 5,300 years old. there are manuscripts from 134 different countries and territories, representing 120 distinct languages.[1] the variety of manuscripts—geographic, linguistic, textual and material—even more than its size makes the schøyen collection unique. the collection has a website with many items illustrated and described. the provenance of the various cuneiform materials held by the schøyen collection remains subject to controversy.[2] notable manuscripts [ edit ] among the most notable items of the collection are the following: references [ edit ] media related to schoyen collection at wikimedia commons

ðɪs poʊst ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə bɪt mɔr ˈɪmɪʤ ˈhɛvi ðən wət ju meɪ bi juzd tɪ frəm mi, bət bɪˈkəz aɪ gɑt mi ən ɪkˈsklusɪv tʊr əv ðə brænd spankin’*’ nu ˈbɑtəlɪŋ laɪn æt ˈoʊklənd ˈfəŋki ˈbudə ˈbruəri! bɪn ˈprɪti bɪg nuz əraʊnd hir ˈrisəntli ðət ˈfəŋki ˈbudə wɪl bi ˈbɑtəlɪŋ ənd dɪˈstrɪbjutɪŋ ɪn ðə saʊθ ˈflɔrɪdə ˈmɑrkɪt (pɑm biʧ, braʊərd, miami-dade*, mənˈroʊ) ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 10th*. baɪ ðə ɛnd əv 2015 ðeɪ wɪl bi ɪkˈspændɪŋ state-wide*. ɛz sin əˈbəv, ðə fərst ˈbɑtəlz tɪ roʊl ɔf ðə laɪn wɪl bi ðɛr hɑp gən (ˈɪndiə peɪl eɪl, abv*, 80 ibu*) ənd ˈflægˌʃɪp flɔˈrɪdiən (hefeweizen*, abv*, 12 ibu*). ðiz wɪl bi ʤɔɪnd ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri baɪ zɛn (ˈsɛʃən ˈɪndiə peɪl eɪl, abv*, 35 ibu*), ðɛr ˈnuli ˈkrəʃər ipa*. ɪˈnəf ˈditeɪlz; si səm ˈpɪkʧərz! aɪ wɑz ˈləki ɪˈnəf tɪ faɪnd ˈfəŋki ˈbudə ənd raɪən sɛnts əraʊnd waɪl aɪ wɑz ðɛr. ə bənʧ əv ˈʃaɪni nu tɔɪz ənd ɪkˈwɪpmənt, ənd ju kən ˈdɛfənətli gɪt ðə sɛns ðeɪ ər ˈgɪrɪŋ əp fər ə ˈmæsɪv ˈroʊˌlaʊt əv ˈprɑdəkt. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪt bi ʤɪst flɔˈrɪdiən, hɑp gən, ənd zɛn ˈroʊlɪŋ ɔf ðə laɪn. ʃʊr, ðoʊz wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl jɪr raʊnd, bət ˈfəŋki ˈbudə wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi riˈlisɪŋ əv bɪrz səʧ ɛz swit pəˈteɪˌtoʊ ˈkæsərˌoʊl ənd læst snoʊ (ðə ˈlætər əv wɪʧ wɪl bi ðə fərst ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪˈdɪʃən riˈlis, ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri). bət waɪ ʃʊd ðə tʊr stɑp ðɛr? ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli ɪˈnəf, ðə nu ˈbɑtəlɪŋ pərˈdəkʃən flɔr ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈlɑrʤər ðən ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈbruəri rum. keɪs ɪn pɔɪnt: ˈwɔˌkɪn ˈkulərz. ˈmɛni əv ju hæv ˈteɪkən ˈfəŋki tʊr ənd gɔn θru ðə ˈkulər ðeɪ hæv bɪˈhaɪnd ðɛr ˌfərmənˈteɪʃən tæŋks. wɛl, ʧɛk aʊt ðɛr nu wən: kən ju ˌɪˈmæʤən haʊ ðɪs wɪl lʊk wɪn stɑkt wɪθ bɪr? soʊ ˈbjutəfəl. ənd koʊld, tu. aɪ wɔnt tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ɔl əv ðə ˈgɔrʤəs ˈbɛrəlz ðeɪ hæd, bət fərst laɪk tɪ pɔz fər ə ˈsɛkənd ənd tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈeɪdriən. ˈmɛni əv ju ðət hæv ˈteɪkən ˈfəŋki tʊr hæd ˈeɪdriən ɛz jʊr tʊr gaɪd. ðət ɪz gʊd. ˈeɪdriən ɪz ˈɔsəm. hi wɑz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈpərsənəbəl ðə fju taɪmz wi mɛt, ənd hi wɑz ə wɛlθ əv ˈnɑlɪʤ fər ˈjuˈɛs ɛz wi wɛnt θru ɑr tʊr. ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ɪgˈzæmpəl əv waɪ ðə kræft bɪr ˈmuvmənt ɪz ɪkˈsploʊdɪŋ; ˈpæʃənət ˈpipəl. ju kən tɛl baɪ ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ɪm ðət hi ˈtruli kɛrz əˈbaʊt bɪr ənd ðə bɪrz hi ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ wɪθ ˈfəŋki ˈbudə. ə greɪt taɪm biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ tɔk bɪr wɪθ ˈpipəl laɪk ɪm. aɪ wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ laɪk ɔl əv ju tɪ noʊ ðət ðə ˈbɛrəl hi ɪz ˈstændɪŋ nɛkst tɪ ɪz fʊl əv coquito*, ə ˈpɔrtər ˈrikən drɪŋk sərvd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈhɑləˌdeɪz ðət ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈlɪkwɪd koʊˈkeɪn ˈsɪmələr tɪ ə ˈɛgˌnɔg. wɪn ðɪs gɪts tæpt, aɪ wɔnt tɪ bi ðə fərst ɪn laɪn. ˈfəŋki ˈbudə həz kwaɪt ðə ˈbɛrəl kəˈlɛkʃən goʊɪŋ ɔn. aɪ stɪl hæv ə ˈbɑtəl əv ðɛr ˈæpəl boʊˈnitə ɪn maɪ bɪr frɪʤ. ðə ˈbruəri ɪz groʊɪŋ ɪn ˈbɛrəl vərˈaɪəti, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌkæbərˈneɪ ˈbɛrəlz ðeɪ juzd tɪ eɪʤ ðɛr ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli strɔŋ ˈnɪkoʊˌlaɪ ˌɪmˈpɪriəl staʊt (mɔr ɔn ðət æt ə ˈleɪtər deɪt). soʊ, ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 10th*, ju wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ goʊ tɪ ˈtoʊtəl waɪn ənd mɔr, ˈeɪˌbiˌsi, frɛʃ ˈmɑrkɪt, ənd mɔr ɪn saʊθ ˈflɔrɪdə tɪ pɪk əp ə ˈfəŋki ˈbudə 6-pack*. ənd naʊ ju noʊ wɛr ðət ˈbɑtəl fʊl əv ˈɔsəm keɪm frəm. ˈspɛʃəl θæŋk ju tɪ ʤɑn, ˈæləks, raɪən, ənd ˈeɪdriən fər ɔl əv ðə bɪr ləv. drɪŋk ˈflɔrɪdə kræft, deɪv ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts

this post is going to be a bit more image heavy than what you may be used to from me, but that’s because i got me an exclusive tour of the brand spankin’ new bottling line at oakland park’s funky buddha brewery! it’s been pretty big news around here recently that funky buddha will be bottling and distributing in the south florida market (palm beach, broward, miami-dade, & monroe) starting on december 10th. by the end of 2015 they will be expanding state-wide. as seen above, the first bottles to roll off the line will be their well-loved hop gun (india pale ale, 7.0% abv, 80 ibu) and flagship floridian (hefeweizen, 5.2% abv, 12 ibu). these will be joined in january by zen (session india pale ale, 4.3% abv, 35 ibu), their newly re-christened crusher single-hop ipa. enough details; let’s see some pictures! i was lucky enough to find funky buddha co-founder and brewmaster ryan sentz around while i was there. it’s a bunch of shiny new toys and equipment, and you can definitely get the sense they are gearing up for a massive rollout of product. after all, it won’t be just floridian, hop gun, and zen rolling off the line. sure, those will be available year round, but funky buddha will also be releasing limited-edition 4-packs of beers such as sweet potato casserole and last snow (the latter of which will be the first limited edition release, coming out in january). but why should the tour stop there? interestingly enough, the new bottling production floor is actually significantly larger than the original brewery floor/tap room. case in point: walk-in coolers. many of you have taken funky buddha’s tour and gone through the cooler they have behind their fermentation tanks. well, check out their new one: can you imagine how this will look when it’s stocked with beer? it’s so beautiful. and cold, too. i want to talk about all of the gorgeous barrels they had, but first i’d like to pause for a second and talk about adrian. many of you that have taken funky buddha’s tour had adrian as your tour guide. that is good. adrian is awesome. he was incredibly personable the few times we met, and he was a wealth of knowledge for us as we went through our tour. he’s also the perfect example of why the craft beer movement is exploding; passionate people. you can tell by talking to him that he truly cares about beer and the beers he is making with funky buddha. it’s a great time being able to talk beer with people like him. i would also like all of you to know that the barrel he is standing next to is full of coquito, a puerto rican drink served during the holidays that is basically liquid cocaine similar to a kicked-up eggnog. when this gets tapped, i want to be the first in line. funky buddha has quite the barrel collection going on. i still have a bottle of their apple brandy-aged muy bonita in my beer fridge. the brewery is growing in barrel variety, including cabernet barrels they used to age their incredibly strong nikolai vorlauf imperial stout (more on that at a later date). so, on december 10th, you will be able to go to total wine and more, abc, fresh market, and more in south florida to pick up a funky buddha 6-pack. and now you know where that bottle full of awesome came from. special thank you to john, alex, ryan, and adrian for all of the beer love. drink florida craft, dave @floridabeerblog floridabeerblog@gmail.com advertisements

aɪ hæv ə juʤ gik krəʃ ɔn ˈhɑrli kwɪn. bət hu doesn’t*. ju kən tɛl ðə kriˈeɪtərz əv ðɪs fɪlm tʊk ðət ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ənd bɪlt əˈpɑn ɪt. aɪ wɔʧt ðɪs wɪθ maɪ ˈfɑðər, ðɪs wɑz ðə fərst ˈmuvi wi hæv sæt daʊn təˈgɛðər ɪn ə fju jɪrz tɪ wɔʧ. ɪt wɑz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ si hɪz riˈækʃənz tɪ ðə sinz, ənd tɪ bɪld səm əv maɪ oʊn θɔts əraʊnd hɪz ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz. ɛz ðə fɪlm ˈstɑrtɪd wi ər ˌɪntrəˈdust tɪ ˈɛdwərd ˈɑkə ðə ˈrɪdlər. ðə fərst θɪŋ aɪ ˈnoʊtɪst wɑz wət simd tɪ bi ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ meɪk ðə ˈkɛrɪktər mɔr ˈhjuməˌnaɪzd, ənd nɑt kɑrˈtun ˈɔriˌɛntɪd. ˈmeɪbi ðeɪ wər traɪɪŋ tɪ rɪˈleɪt ɪm tɪ ðə pɔrˈtreɪəl baɪ ʤɪm ˈkɛri ɪn 1995 ˈpɑsəbli, bət ðət dɪd nɑt ˈbɑðər mi. ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli meɪd mi smaɪl ə bɪt tɪ si ðə əv ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz, əˈspɛʃəli ðə dɑrk naɪt hɪmˈsɛlf. fər ðə fərst taɪm ðət aɪ kən ˌrɛkəˈlɛkt ˌbiˈsaɪd ðə lɪv fɪlmz, ju kən si hɪz aɪz bɪɔnd hɪz sut, nɑt ʤɪst ə ˈmɪstəˌfaɪɪŋ waɪt gloʊ. ˈərliər ɪn ðə fɪlm ju si ɪm ˈhævɪŋ səm sɔrt əv ən laɪk həd ˈoʊvər hɪz aɪz ɛz hi ɪz ɪn naɪt ˈvɪʒən moʊd, soʊ ðɪs ɪkˈspleɪnz waɪ ju ˈoʊnli si ə feɪnt ˈpjupəl ɪn hɪz aɪ slɪts. ðə ˈstɔri dɪz nɑt ˈfɑloʊz ˈbætˌmæn, bət ə grup əv ˈkrɪmənəlz traɪɪŋ tɪ ʃeɪv taɪm ɔf ðɛr ˈprɪzən ˈsɛntəns. ðɪs pruvz hɑrd ɛz ˈhərdəlz ər θroʊn æt ðɛm æt ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvəri tərn. ɪt wɑz meɪd bəˈlivəbəl fər ə ˈstɔri, ɛz ˈhərdəlz ər kənˈsərnd, ɛz ðeɪ wər bɪtˈwin ðə grup ənd nɑt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈfɔrsɪz. ðeɪ meɪ hæv ən ˈɪʃu bɪtˈwin iʧ ˈəðər, ər ə ˈrændəm ˈroʊmæns, ənd ðɪs ɔl pleɪd ˈɪntu iʧ əv ðɛr lɔŋ tərm plænz. ju ʤɪst ˈnɛvər ˈriəˌlaɪz ɪt tɪl ɪt ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ. aɪ faʊnd maɪ sɛlf ˈnoʊtɪsɪŋ ə ˈkɑmən ˈpætərn əˈpɪrɪŋ wɪθ ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl ˈkɑmɪk ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd beɪst ˈleɪtli, ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ pʊʃ ðə laɪn əv wət ɪz əˈproʊpriˌeɪt fər ðə juθ ˈwɑʧɪŋ tɪ si. aɪ ˈnoʊtɪst ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ biɪŋ juzd, səʧ ɛz ‘‘bitch’*’ ər ‘‘shit’*’ ənd θɔt tɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf haʊ ˈbætˌmæn ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ˈmuviz hæv ʧeɪnʤd frəm wɪn aɪ wɑz ˈjəŋgər, ðeɪ stɪl hæd ðə seɪm ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn mi ˈmɛnəli, ɛz ðə bæd gaɪz biɪŋ ˈsupər təf bət ðɪs wɑz dən ˈdɪfərˈɛntli. maɪ θɔts wər meɪd ˈivɪn mɔr klɪr ɛz maɪ ˈfɑðər spoʊk əp ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈfɛrli ˈɪnɪmət sin, wɑz ˈnɛvər ˈivɪn ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn maɪ juθ ɪn cartoons!”*!” hi wɑz raɪt. ənd ˈivɪn ɪf ðɛr wɑz, ɪt wɑz bɪtˈwin ˈpipəl hu wər səˈpoʊzd tɪ kɪs, ˈmeɪbi ə ˈməðər ˈwɪʃɪŋ hər ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ wɛl ɔn fərst deɪ əv skul wɪθ ə pɛk ɔn ðə ʧik, ər bɪtˈwin ˈhəzbənd ənd waɪf ˈwɪʃɪŋ wən ər ðə ˈəðər gʊd lək ˌbiˈfɔr ən ˈɪntərvˌju. bət ðɪs wɑz ə ˈdɪfərənt sɪˈnɛrioʊ. məʧ ˈdɪfərənt, ənd ðɪs wɑz ðə fərst taɪm aɪ hæd ˈrɪli bət taɪm ˈɪntu ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪt. ðə ˌænəˈmeɪʃən wɑz ˈbrɪljənt. ɛz ˈmɛnʃən ðɛr wɑz ə ˈdɛfənət ðət həz bɪn ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ ɪn ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈkɑmɪk ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ˈmuviz. ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz wər ˈvɛri aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪəbəl, ɛz ðɛr wɑz ˈɛvədəntli taɪm ˈteɪkən tɪ ʃoʊ ðə ˈditeɪlz ɪn iʧ ˈkɛrɪktər. ðə moʊst ˈprɑmənənt əv wɪʧ ðət aɪ ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn əv kɔrs wɑz ˈbætˌmæn. ɪn ˈmɛni ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz ɪt ɪz hɑrd tɪ ˈpɪkʧər ɪm ɛz brus weɪn, ɛz hɪz ˈbɑdi ˈfɪgjər ɪz ʤɪst tu fɑr fɛʧt ɪn ə bæt sut. bət ɪn ðɪs keɪs hi wɑz nɑt ˈoʊvər ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪd, hɪz ʤɔ laɪn wɑz ˈnæʧərəl, ənd hɪz vɔɪs wɑz nɑt ˈsɪli. ðə ˈdɑrknəs ðət wɑz ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn ðə lɪv ˈækʃən fɪlmz əv ðə dɑrk naɪt wɑz əˈpɛrənt ɪn ðə ˌænəˈmeɪʃən. ðɛr wɑz noʊ fɪr tɪ ʃoʊ ə bloʊn hɛd, ənd ðə ˈʤoʊkər ˈhoʊldɪŋ sɛd hɛd. ˈspikɪŋ əv ðə ˈʤoʊkər, hi wɑz nɑt ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn ðə fɪlm, bət hi gru ˈɪntu ə ˈmeɪʤər plɑt pɔɪnt ɛz wən wʊd əˈsum ɪf ðə fɪlm ˈfiʧərz hɪz ˈbjuti əv ˈsaɪdˌkɪk, ˈhɑrli kwɪn. ɔl ɪn ɔl, ðə fɪlm brɔt ə ˈdɪfərənt aʊt lʊk ˈɪntu ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈfrænˌʧaɪz. ɛz məʧ ɛz ɪt wɑz ə ˈbætˌmæn fɪlm, ɪt ˈhɑrdli ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ɪm. ɪt ˈmɪrli ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪm tɪ ʃoʊ ɪt wɑz stɪl ˈgɑθəm ənd hi wɑz ðə wɔʧ. ɔn ˈmɛni ðiz fɪlmz faɪnd ɪt hɑrd tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ ðə plɑt. bət ɪn ðɪs keɪs ɪt lɛft ju ɪn ˈwəndər fər səm pɑrts, ɛz ðeɪ hæd hoʊpt, ənd geɪv ə dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv ˈænsər tɪ səm lus ɛndz. ɛz ðə fɪlm ˈhɛvəli riˈvɑlvd əraʊnd ðət əv ðə sɛlf ˈtaɪtəld ˈlidər əv ðə ˈkrɪmənəl grup ‘‘deadshot’*’, wɪθ ðət əv hɪz ˈdɔtər, ju si haʊ hɪz ˈstɔri ɛndz, ənd ɪt ɪz ˈsætɪsˌfaɪɪŋ. boʊθ fər ju, ənd ˈbætˌmæn. ˈbætˌmæn: əˈsɔlt ɔn 2014 ˌrivˈju ˈsəməri wɪθ ə greɪt ˈstɔri, ɪˈnəf gɔr, ənd ə lɔt əv ˈhɑrli kwɪn, ðɪs ɪz ə nu, ənd ˈvɛri ˈwɛlkəmd əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə dɑrk naɪt ˈfrænˌʧaɪz.

i have a huge geek crush on harley quinn. but who doesn’t. you can tell the creators of this film took that into account and built upon it. i watched this with my father, this was the first movie we have sat down together in a few years to watch. it was interesting to see his reactions to the scenes, and to build some of my own thoughts around his observations. as the film started we are introduced to edward nigma aka the riddler. the first thing i noticed was what seemed to be an attempt to make the character more humanized, and not cartoon oriented. maybe they were trying to relate him to the portrayal by jim carrey in 1995? possibly, but that did not bother me. it actually made me smile a bit to see the humanization of many of the characters, especially the dark knight himself. for the first time that i can recollect beside the live films, you can see his eyes beyond his suit, not just a mystifying white glow. earlier in the film you see him having some sort of an ironman like hud over his eyes as he is in night vision mode, so this explains why you only see a faint pupil in his eye slits. the story does not follows batman, but a group of criminals trying to shave time off their prison sentence. this proves hard as hurdles are thrown at them at almost every turn. it was made believable for a story, as hurdles are concerned, as they were between the group and not outside forces. they may have an issue between each other, or a random romance, and this all played into each of their long term plans. you just never realize it till it is happening. i found my self noticing a common pattern appearing with almost all comic animated based medias lately, their ability to push the line of what is appropriate for the youth watching to see. i noticed the language being used, such as ‘bitch’ or ‘shit’ and thought to myself how batman animated movies have changed from when i was younger, they still had the same impact on me mentally, as the bad guys being super tough but this was done differently. my thoughts were made even more clear as my father spoke up during a fairly intimate scene, “kissing was never even mentioned in my youth in cartoons!” he was right. and even if there was, it was between people who were supposed to kiss, maybe a mother wishing her offspring well on his/her first day of school with a peck on the cheek, or between husband and wife wishing one or the other good luck before an interview. but this was a different scenario. much different, and this was the first time i had really but time into thinking about it. the animation was brilliant. as mention there was a definite humanization that has been evolving in many of the comic animated movies. the characters were very identifiable, as there was evidently time taken to show the details in each character. the most prominent of which that i focused on of course was batman. in many animations it is hard to picture him as bruce wayne, as his body figure is just too far fetched in a bat suit. but in this case he was not over exaggerated, his jaw line was natural, and his voice was not silly. the darkness that was introduced in the live action films of the dark knight was apparent in the animation. there was no fear to show a blown head, and the joker holding said head. speaking of the joker, he was not a major character in the film, but he grew into a major plot point as one would assume if the film features his beauty of sidekick, harley quinn. all in all, the film brought a different out look into the batman franchise. as much as it was a batman film, it hardly focused on him. it merely included him to show it was still gotham and he was the night’s watch. on many occassions these films find it hard to finish the plot. but in this case it left you in wonder for some parts, as they had hoped, and gave a definitive answer to some loose ends. as the film heavily revolved around that of the self titled leader of the criminal group ‘deadshot’, with that of his daughter, you see how his story ends, and it is satisfying. both for you, and batman. batman: assault on arkham (2014) - review 8.2/10 summary with a great story, enough gore, and a lot of harley quinn, this is a new, and very welcomed addition to the dark knight franchise.

ˈwɪski ˈləvərz wɪl ˈsæmpəl səm əv ðə ˈfaɪnəst ˈsɪŋgəl mɔlts ənd blɛndz ɛz ðeɪ reɪz ə glæs tɪ ˈməltəpəl sklərˈoʊsəs ˈrisərʧ. ðə fɪθ ˈænjuəl mɪz ˈwɪski ˈfɛstɪvəl ˈsərkət ræps əp ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪt ɪn ˈkælgəri ənd ˈfiʧərz ə reɪnʤ əv mɔr ðən 220 frəm əraʊnd ðə wərld, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsæmplɪŋz frəm mɔr ðən 70 ˈskɑtɪʃ dɪˈstɪləriz, ɛz wɛl ɛz wərld klæs səˈlɛkʃənz frəm ˈkænədə, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈaɪərlənd, ʤəˈpæn, ˈtaɪˈwɑn ənd ˈɪndiə. ɔl prəˈsidz frəm ðə ɪˈvɛnt wɪl goʊ tɪ ðə mɪz soʊˈsaɪɪti, ˈkælgəri ənd ˈɛriə ˈʧæptər. "aɪ laɪk tɪ θɪŋk ðət ðɛrz ə lɔt əv greɪt ˈwɪski aʊt ðɛr, ənd ə lɔt əv ɪt ɪz stəf ðət ˈpipəl hæv ˈnɛvər hərd əv ˌbiˈfɔr," sɛd ˈændru ˈfərgəsən, ðə "skɑʧ gaɪ" æt ðə ˈkɛnzɪŋtən waɪn ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn ˈkælgəri. "[ðɪs ˈfɛstɪvəl ɪz] ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˈpipəl tɪ gɪt ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə bɑks, ˈsæmpəl θɪŋz ðət ðeɪ ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈwʊdənt hæv, ənd ˈmeɪbi gɪt əraʊnd ðə aɪˈdiə əv baɪɪŋ beɪst ɔn ˈleɪbəl." tɔp 5 pɪks ˈæftər ˈkoʊmɪŋ θru ðə ɪnˈtaɪər lɪst əv ˈfiʧərd, ˈfərgəsən keɪm əp wɪθ ðiz faɪv səˈlɛkʃənz: ˈfɔrti krik kənˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən oʊk, kəˈneɪdiən ˈsɪŋgəl ˈbɛrəl streɪt raɪ, kənˈtəki streɪt ˈbərbən ˈsɪŋgəl mɔlt skɑʧ, ˈhaɪlənd 15 jɪr ˈsɪŋgəl mɔlt skɑʧ, skɑʧ mɔlt ˈwɪski soʊˈsaɪɪti ˈɛniˌwən fər ˈkrɪkɪt? ˈsɪŋgəl mɔlt skɑʧ, ðə ɪˈvɛnt teɪks pleɪs təˈnaɪt æt ɑrts ˈkɑmənz (ˈfɔrmərli ˈsɛntər). dɔrz ˈoʊpən æt p.m*. ənd kloʊz æt p.m*.

whisky lovers will sample some of the finest single malts and blends as they raise a glass to multiple sclerosis research. the fifth annual ms whiskey festival circuit wraps up thursday night in calgary and features a range of more than 220 whiskies from around the world, including samplings from more than 70 scottish distilleries, as well as world class selections from canada, the united states, ireland, japan, taiwan and india. all proceeds from the event will go to the ms society, calgary and area chapter. "i like to think that there's a lot of great whisky out there, and a lot of it is stuff that people have never heard of before," said andrew ferguson, the "scotch guy" at the kensington wine market in calgary. "[this festival is] an opportunity for people to get a little bit outside the box, sample things that they otherwise wouldn't have, and maybe get around the idea of buying based on label." top 5 picks after combing through the entire list of featured whiskies, ferguson came up with these five must-try selections: forty creek confederation oak, canadian michter's us*1 single barrel straight rye, kentucky straight bourbon glenmorangie tusail single malt scotch, highland springbank 15 year single malt scotch, campbeltown scotch malt whisky society 29.159: anyone for cricket? single malt scotch, islay the event takes place tonight at arts commons (formerly epcor centre). doors open at 6:30 p.m. and close at 9:30 p.m.

ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪkˈspænʧən wʊd ənˈdaʊtɪdli ɪkˈspænd ˈbeɪsˈbɔlz riʧ, bət haʊ ˈpræktɪkəl ɪz ɪt? ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən baɪ əˈlaɪəs staɪn ˈɛdɪtərz noʊt: ɪn ðə deɪz ˈlidɪŋ əp tɪ rɑb ˈwənˌjɪr ˌænəˈvərsəri ɛz kəˈmɪʃənər ɔn ʤæn. 25 wi æst ɑr ˈraɪtərz wət wən ʧeɪnʤ ər ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ðeɪ wʊd meɪk tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ɪf ðə spɔrt ˈstɑrtɪd ˈoʊvər təˈdeɪ. ðə ʧeɪnʤ: ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪkˈspænʧən haʊ ɪt wʊd wərk kəˈmɪʃənər rɑb ˈmænfrɪd həz bɪn əp frənt əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈsprɛdɪŋ ðə ˈgɔspəl əv ˈbeɪsˈbɔl tɪ nu ˈmɑrkɪts sɪns hi tʊk ˈoʊvər fər bəd ˈsɛlɪg ə jɪr əˈgoʊ. "aɪ θɪŋk wi ər ə groʊθ ˈbɪznɪs, ˈbrɔdli dɪˈfaɪnd," ˈmænfrɪd toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz æt ðə ˌɔlˈstɑr geɪm ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ. "ənd ˈoʊvər ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm, groʊθ ˈbɪznɪsɪz lʊk tɪ gɪt ˈbɪgər.'' waɪl ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs; ˈnæʃvɪl, ˌtɛnəˈsi; ˈʃɑrlət, nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə; sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ, ˈtɛksəs; ˈpɔrtlənd, ˈɔrəˌgɑn; ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈsɪti; ənd ˈnɔrðərn nu ˈʤərzi ɔl hæv ðɛr ˈmɛrɪts ɛz pəˈtɛnʃəl nu hoʊmz fər ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz, ˈbeɪsˈbɔl kən ʧɑrt ən ˈivɪn ˈboʊldər ˈlɔŋˈtərm kɔrs baɪ ˈlʊkɪŋ bɪɔnd ðə juz. ˈbɔrdərz tɪ ɪkˈspænd frəm 30 tɪ 32 kləbz. skaʊts ənd ˈpipəl hæv ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈrizən tɪ əˈsɛs ðə ˈprɑdəkt ənd kˈwɛʃən ˈwɛðər ðɛrz ɪˈnəf ˈtælənt tɪ ˈædəkwɪtli stɑk tu mɔr ˈrɑstərz. bət ðə ˈskɛʤʊlɪŋ mæθ ˈsərtənli wərks. ðə əˈdɪʃən əv tu kləbz wʊd əˈlaʊ tɪ goʊ tɪ ə riəˈlaɪnd ˈsɪstəm əv 16 timz ɪn fɔr dɪˈvɪʒənz, ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ˌjunəˈfɔrməti ənd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ðə nid fər ˈdeɪli pleɪ wɪʧ dɪˈluts ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə ˈfɔrˌmæt ənd meɪks fər səm ˈskɛʤʊlɪŋ ˈnaɪtˌmɛrz. ˈpleɪsɪŋ ðə nu timz ɪn ˈfɔrən ˈmɑrkɪts wʊd ɪkˈspænd ðə geɪmz ˈgloʊbəl riʧ ənd bɪld ɔn ðə moʊˈmɛntəm ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ðə wərld ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ˈklæsɪk, ðə ˈsizən ˈoʊpənərz ɪn ʤəˈpæn ənd ɔˈstreɪljə, ənd ðə ˈhaɪli ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd əˈnaʊnsmɛnt əv spərɪŋ ˈtreɪnɪŋ geɪmz ɪn ˈkjubə ɪn mɑrʧ. fər ðə seɪk əv kənˈvinjəns, ˈsɪmətri ənd bæŋ fər ðə bək, wɪl pleɪs wən tim ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ənd ðə ˈəðər ɪn ˈkænədə. waɪ ɪt wʊd hɛlp ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ɛz taɪm ˈpæsɪz, ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ədˈvænsɪz əˈkru ənd ðə wərld gɪts sˈmɔlər, ɪts ˈoʊnli ˈnæʧərəl fər ˈbeɪsˈbɔl tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr nu frənˈtɪrz. ɪn ðə ˈərli 1950s*, timz stɪl ˈtrævəld ɔn sˈlipər kɑz ənd ˈvɛnʧərd noʊ ˈfɑrðər wɛst ðən ðə ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi ˈrɪvər. ðɛn ˈwɔltər oʊˈmæli muvd ðə ˈdɑʤərz frəm ˈbrʊklɪn tɪ lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ɪn 1958 ənd ðə ˈlænˌskeɪp ˌɪˌrɛˈvoʊkəbli ʧeɪnʤd. lʊk æt ðə ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən əv ðə 30 kləb ˈrɑstərz ənd ɪts ˈrɛdəli əˈpɛrənt haʊ ðə geɪm kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ɪˈvɑlv. əv ðə 868 pleɪərz ɔn 2015 ˈoʊpənɪŋ deɪ ˈrɑstərz ənd dɪˈseɪbəld lɪsts, pərˈsɛnt (ər 230 keɪm frəm ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ðə dəˈmɪnəkən riˈpəblɪk ənd ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlə əˈkaʊntɪd fər 148 əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər. ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ɪz ə ˈbɪznɪs, ɛz ˈmænfrɪd ˈfrili ækˈnɑlɪʤɪz, ənd fˈjuʧər ˈfrænˌʧaɪz muvz wɪl lʊk tɪ bɪld əˈpɑn ðə geɪmz 9 ˈrɛvəˌnu. ɪts ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈsɛlɪŋ kæps ənd ˈʤərziz, ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ brændz ənd aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz, ənd ˈgeɪnɪŋ ˈfʊˌthoʊldz ɪn ˈmɑrkɪts wɛr timz kən bi kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv wɪˈθaʊt rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈsəbsɪdiz frəm ðə kləbz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə tɔp juz. ˈkænədɪts ɔl hæv ðɛr ˈpləsɪz, ðeɪ kəm wɪθ ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz. ˈʃɑrlət ɪz ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ, æt noʊ. 33 ɪz wɛʤd ɪn bɪtˈwin kəˈləmbəs, oʊˈhaɪoʊ, ənd sɔlt leɪk ˈsɪti. ənd ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs ʧɛks ɪn æt noʊ. 41 raɪt bɪˈhaɪnd ˈmɪʃɪgənz grænd krik ˈmɑrkɪt. sæn wɑn, ˈpɔrtər ˈrikoʊ, həz bɪn ˈmɛnʃənd ɛz ə praɪm ɪkˈspænʧən ˈtərgət. bət ɪn ə 2012 æˈnælɪsɪs əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪkˈspænʧən saɪts, ˈmɔri braʊn əv ˈbeɪsˈbɔl prəˈspɛktəs ˈsaɪtɪd ðə læk əv ə ˈkɔrpərət beɪs, loʊ ˈmidiən ˈɪnˌkəm ɪn ˈpɔrtər ˈrikoʊ ənd ˈtrævəl kənˈsərnz ɛz ˈrizənz waɪ ɪt maɪt bi ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ pʊl ɔf. waɪl ˌmɑntəˈreɪ, ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, həz geɪnd ˈtrækʃən θru ðə jɪrz ɛz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl hoʊm fər ə tim, ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈsɪti ɪz ðə ˈneɪʃənz tru sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənt. ɪt həz ə ˈmɛˌtroʊ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈrəfli 20 ˈmɪljən, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd ˈsɪti ɪn ðə wərld əˈhɛd əv ˈkaɪroʊ, ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ, oʊˈsɑkə ənd ˌmʊmˈbaɪ. ˌbiˈfɔr kən pleɪs ə tim ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ɪt wɪl hæv tɪ kənˈfrənt ə hoʊst əv ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈɪʃuz ənd ləˈʤɪstɪkəl ˈlændˌmaɪnz nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən raɪz əˈbəv ðə bɑmˈbæstɪk pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈdɪskɔrs ðət həz ˌɪˈrəptɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 2016 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn ˈsizən. fænz ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ hæv ə loʊər ˈstændərd əv ˈlɪvɪŋ ənd ər ˌənəˈkəstəmd tɪ ðə taɪps əv ˈtɪkɪt ˈpraɪsɪz ʧɑrʤd baɪ kləbz. ənd waɪl wʊd hæv tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs kˈwɛsʧənz sərˈaʊndɪŋ pleɪər sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ðə pleɪərz wʊd hæv tɪ əˈdɑpt ə mɔr ˈætəˌtud əˈbaʊt goʊɪŋ θru ˈkəstəmz ənd pleɪɪŋ ɪn ˈpleɪsɪz wɛr ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈɪzənt ðə prɪˈdɑmənənt ˈlæŋgwɪʤ. tɑm ˈɪmɪʤɪz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈəpˈsaɪd ɪz ˈrɛdəli əˈpɛrənt. ə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈsɪti həz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ ˈgælvəˌnaɪz ə ˈneɪʃən əv 122 ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl ənd bɪˈkəm ə tru "ˈnæʃənəl tim.'' ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈstoʊkɪŋ ˈraɪvəlriz, ənd tu kəˈneɪdiən loʊˈkeɪʃənz ər əˈspɛʃəli ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ. ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd rən ɪn ðə leɪt ənd ˈərli 1980s*, ðə ˌməntriˈɔl ˈɛkspoʊz dru mɔr ðən 2 ˈmɪljən fænz pər ˈsizən ənd ræŋkt əˈməŋ ðə ˈlidərz ɪn əˈtɛndəns. ðə ˈsɪti ʃoʊd ɪt kʊd səˈpɔrt ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ˌbiˈfɔr ðə 1994 straɪk ənd ə riˈzəltənt lɛd tɪ ðə ˈɛkspoʊz' dɪˈmaɪz. ə nu tim ɪn ˌməntriˈɔl wʊd bi ə ˈnæʧərəl ˈraɪvəl fər ðə tərˈɑntoʊ blu ʤeɪz, ˈiðər ɛz ə dɪˈvɪʒənəl kəmˈpɛtɪtər ər ɪn pleɪ. ˈsɪmələrli, ə tim ɪn ˈgreɪtər vænˈkuvər, ˈbrɪtɪʃ kəˈləmbiə (ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən: ˈmɪljən), wʊd prəˈvaɪd ə ˈnæʧərəl ˈraɪvəl fər ðə siˈætəl ˈmɛrənərz, hu hæv ðə moʊst ˌhɛˈleɪʃəs ˈtrævəl ˈskɛʤʊl ɪn ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ənd ˈrizən tɪ fil ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd waɪl təkt əˈweɪ ɪn ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ˌnɔrθˈwɛst. haʊ ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ɪz ɪt? tru ˈdrimərz kən ɛnˈvɪʒən ə deɪ wɪn həz ə tru "wərld ˈsɪriz,'' wɪθ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən əˈməŋ timz frəm loʊˈkælz. ɪn ʤun, ə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈɔdiəns ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd æt 180 ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl ˈwərldˈwaɪd tund ɪn tɪ wɔʧ ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə bit əv ˈɪtəli ɪn ðə ˈjunjən əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈfʊtˌbɔl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ˈʧæmpiənz lig fəˈnæli ɪn bərˈlɪn. ɪts fən tɪ ɛnˈvɪʒən ə deɪ wɪn ˈmeɪʤər lig ˈbeɪsˈbɔlz ˈʧæmpiən teɪks ɔn ə tim frəm ˈeɪʒə ɪn ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈspɛktəkəl ɪn ˈərli noʊˈvɛmbər. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ðə ˈdeɪli graɪnd əv ðə ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ˈsizən pʊts ˈlɪmɪts ɔn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ tu fɑr ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə bɑks. waɪl ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl timz meɪk ˈrɛgjələr ˈfɔreɪz tɪ ˈləndən, ðə ˈskɛʤʊl ɪz ˈsɪmpli tu kəmˈprɛst fər ˈkæmiˌoʊz ðət æmˈbɪʃəs. trænzˈleɪʃən: doʊnt hoʊld jʊr brɛθ fər ə ʤun ˈsɪriz ɪn mˈjunɪk bɪtˈwin ðə kəbz ənd rɛd sɑks ər ə ˈnæʃənəl lig saʊθ dɪˈvɪʒən kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv timz ɪn ˈmɛlbərn, ˈsɪdni, bˈweɪnəs ˈɛriz ənd ˈrioʊ də ʤəˈnɛˌroʊ ˈɛniˌtaɪm sun. bət noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ʧeɪnʤ kəmz ˈizəli, ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl mˈjuzɪŋz ər ʤɪst ə fərst stɛp ɪn ˈbrɔdənɪŋ hərˈaɪzənz. ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪkˈspænʧən ɪz ən aɪˈdiə huz taɪm ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ. ðə ˈbɪgəst kˈwɛsʧənz ər wɪn ənd wɛr.

international expansion would undoubtedly expand baseball's reach, but how practical is it? illustration by elias stein editor's note: in the days leading up to rob manfred's one-year anniversary as commissioner on jan. 25, we asked our writers what one change or innovation they would make to improve baseball if the sport started over today. the change: international expansion how it would work mlb commissioner rob manfred has been up front about his interest in spreading the gospel of baseball to new markets since he took over for bud selig a year ago. "i think we are a growth business, broadly defined," manfred told reporters at the all-star game in july. "and over an extended period of time, growth businesses look to get bigger.'' while las vegas; nashville, tennessee; charlotte, north carolina; san antonio, texas; portland, oregon; oklahoma city; and northern new jersey all have their merits as potential new homes for mlb franchises, baseball can chart an even bolder long-term course by looking beyond the u.s. borders to expand from 30 to 32 clubs. scouts and front-office people have legitimate reason to assess the on-field product and question whether there's enough talent to adequately stock two more 25-man rosters. but the scheduling math certainly works. the addition of two clubs would allow mlb to go to a realigned system of 16 teams in four divisions, ensuring uniformity and eliminating the need for daily interleague play -- which dilutes the impact of the format and makes for some scheduling nightmares. placing the new teams in foreign markets would expand the game's global reach and build on the momentum generated by the world baseball classic, the mlb's season openers in japan and australia, and the highly anticipated announcement of spring training games in cuba in march. for the sake of convenience, symmetry and bang for the buck, we'll place one team in mexico and the other in canada. why it would help baseball as time passes, technological advances accrue and the world gets smaller, it's only natural for baseball to explore new frontiers. in the early 1950s, teams still traveled on sleeper cars and ventured no farther west than the mississippi river. then walter o'malley moved the dodgers from brooklyn to los angeles in 1958, and the landscape irrevocably changed. look at the composition of the 30 club rosters and it's readily apparent how the game continues to evolve. of the 868 players on 2015 opening day rosters and disabled lists, 26.5 percent (or 230) came from outside of the united states. the dominican republic and venezuela accounted for 148 of the total number. baseball is a business, as manfred freely acknowledges, and future franchise moves will look to build upon the game's $9 billion-plus revenue. it's all about selling caps and jerseys, establishing brands and identities, and gaining footholds in markets where teams can be competitive without requiring subsidies from the big-market clubs. although the top u.s. candidates all have their pluses, they come with limitations. charlotte is the 24th-ranked market in america. san antonio, at no. 33, is wedged in between columbus, ohio, and salt lake city. and las vegas checks in at no. 41, right behind michigan's grand rapids-kalamazoo-battle creek market. san juan, puerto rico, has been mentioned as a prime expansion target. but in a 2012 analysis of potential expansion sites, maury brown of baseball prospectus cited the lack of a corporate base, low median income in puerto rico and travel concerns as reasons why it might be difficult to pull off. while monterrey, mexico, has gained traction through the years as a potential home for a team, mexico city is the nation's true sleeping giant. it has a metro population of roughly 20 million, making it the 10th most populated city in the world -- ahead of cairo, beijing, osaka and mumbai. before mlb can place a team in mexico, it will have to confront a host of infrastructure issues and logistical landmines -- not to mention rise above the bombastic political discourse that has erupted during the 2016 presidential campaign season. fans in mexico have a lower standard of living and are unaccustomed to the types of ticket prices charged by mlb clubs. and while mlb would have to address questions surrounding player security in mexico, the players would have to adopt a more open-minded attitude about going through customs and playing in places where english isn't the predominant language. tom szczerbowski/getty images the potential upside is readily apparent. a franchise in mexico city has the potential to galvanize a nation of 122 million people and become a true "national team.'' baseball is all about stoking rivalries, and two canadian locations are especially intriguing. during an extended run in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the montreal expos drew more than 2 million fans per season and ranked among the nl leaders in attendance. the city showed it could support baseball before the 1994 strike and a resultant teardown led to the expos' demise. a new team in montreal would be a natural rival for the toronto blue jays, either as a divisional competitor or in interleague play. similarly, a team in greater vancouver, british columbia (population: 2.4 million), would provide a natural rival for the seattle mariners, who have the most hellacious travel schedule in baseball and reason to feel isolated while tucked away in the pacific northwest. how realistic is it? true dreamers can envision a day when mlb has a true "world series,'' with competition among teams from far-flung locales. in june, a tv audience estimated at 180 million people worldwide tuned in to watch barcelona beat juventus of italy in the union of european football associations champions league finale in berlin. it's fun to envision a day when major league baseball's champion takes on a team from asia in an international spectacle in early november. in the meantime, the daily grind of the baseball season puts limits on thinking too far outside the box. while nfl teams make regular forays to london, the 162-game mlb schedule is simply too compressed for cameos that ambitious. translation: don't hold your breath for a three-game june series in munich between the cubs and red sox or a national league south division consisting of teams in melbourne, sydney, buenos aires and rio de janeiro anytime soon. but no significant change comes easily, and manfred's international musings are just a first step in broadening mlb's horizons. international expansion is an idea whose time is coming. the biggest questions are when and where.

two-car* kəˈlɪʒən ə ˈdraɪvər ˈfeɪsɪz ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˈæftər rɪfˈjuzɪŋ ə tɛst ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə kəˈlɪʒən æt kwinz weɪ ənd ˈgəvərnmənt roʊd ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, sɛpt. 29 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rcmp*. ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈtɪnjuz bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈviɪkəl tərnd lɛft ənd kræʃt ˈɪntu əˈnəðər ˈviɪkəl goʊɪŋ θru ðə ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən. ə ˈdraɪvər ənd tu ˈpæsənʤərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə four-year-old*, wər ˈteɪkən tɪ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl fər ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən ənd riˈlist wɪˈθaʊt ˈɪnʤəriz. ˈləgʒəri ˈaɪtəmz ˈstoʊlən tu rɪŋz ˈvæljud æt iʧ, ə ˈklæsɪk wɔʧ, ə ˈsɪlvər ˈmɛdəsən bɑks, ə ˈmaɪkəl pərs, ə swɪs gɪr ˈlæpˌtɑp ənd ənd ə ˈbɑtəl əv skɑʧ, ɛz wɛl ɛz kiz ənd kɑrdz, wər ˈstoʊlən frəm ə ˈviɪkəl pɑrkt æt ˈʃænən fɔlz ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, sɛpt. 29 pəˈlis rɪˈpɔrt. ðə ˈbreɪˌkɪn əˈkərd waɪl ðə ˈɑkjəpənts wər ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ðə fɔlz. ˌlæmbərˈgini ˌɪmˈpaʊndɪd ˈsɛvərəl kɑz wər ˌɪmˈpaʊndɪd fər ɪkˈsɛsɪv spid ˈdʊrɪŋ ə spid ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈfəri krik ˈɛriə əv ˈhaɪˌweɪ 99 ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, sɛpt. 30 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rcmp*. əˈməŋ ðoʊz ˌɪmˈpaʊndɪd wɑz ə ˌlæmbərˈgini klɑkt æt 207 ɪn ə 90 zoʊn. ˈɔfɪsərz wər əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈseɪfli stɑp ə ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪkəl wɪʧ wɑz klɑkt æt 230 ɪn ðə seɪm ˈɛriə, pəˈlis sɛd. æt ˈstɔrɪʤ fəˈsɪlɪti tu ˈbaɪsɪkəlz, fud ənd ˈpərsɪnəl bɪˈlɔŋɪŋz wər ˈstoʊlən frəm ə ˈtreɪlər ɪn ə ˈstɔrɪʤ fəˈsɪlɪti ɪn ðə 1500 blɑk əv ˈpɛmbərtən ˈævəˌnu, pəˈlis sɛd. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈoʊnli ˈrisəntli dɪˈskəvərd, ðə ˈɪnsədənt əˈkərd ˈsəmˌtaɪm bɪtˈwin ˈɔgəst. 1 ənd sɛpt. 28 baɪk θɛfts ə smɔl ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ˈsæfaɪər ˈɛkspərt ˈmaʊntən baɪk wɑz ˈstoʊlən frəm ðə 3200 blɑk əv roʊd ɔn sɛpt. 30 pəˈlis ˌriˈpɔrtəd. ɪn ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈɪnsədənt, ə rɛd ʤaɪənt træns fʊl səˈspɛnʃən ˈmaʊntən baɪk wɑz ˈstoʊlən frəm ə baɪk ræk ɪn ðə 40200 blɑk əv pleɪs ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ɔkt. 3 pəˈlis sɛd.

two-car collision a driver faces charges after refusing a breathalyzer test following a collision at queens way and government road on tuesday, sept. 29, according to squamish rcmp. article continues below the vehicle turned left and crashed into another vehicle going through the intersection. a driver and two passengers, including a four-year-old, were taken to hospital for examination and released without injuries. luxury items stolen two rings valued at $3,500 each, a movado classic watch, a silver medicine box, a michael kors purse, a swiss gear laptop and asus netbook and a bottle of glenlivet scotch, as well as keys and cards, were stolen from a vehicle parked at shannon falls on tuesday, sept. 29, police report. the break-in occurred while the occupants were visiting the falls. lamborghini impounded several cars were impounded for excessive speed during a speed enforcement operation in the furry creek area of highway 99 on wednesday, sept. 30, according to rcmp. among those impounded was a lamborghini huracan clocked at 207 km/h in a 90 km/h zone. officers were unable to safely stop a motorcycle which was clocked at 230 km/h in the same area, police said. b&e at storage facility two bicycles, food and personal belongings were stolen from a fifth-wheel trailer in a storage facility in the 1500 block of pemberton avenue, police said. although only recently discovered, the incident occurred sometime between aug. 1 and sept. 28. bike thefts a small specialized sapphire expert carbon-frame mountain bike was stolen from the 3200 block of mamquam road on sept. 30, police reported. in a separate incident, a red giant trance full suspension mountain bike was stolen from a bike rack in the 40200 block of glenalder place on saturday, oct. 3, police said.

flɔɪd ˈmeɪˌwɛðər əˈlɛʤədli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ ˈbrutəl ˈbitɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈʤuəlri flɔɪd ˈmeɪˌwɛðər əˈlɛʤədli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ ˈbrutəl ˈbitɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈʤuəlri ɪkˈsklusɪv əˈlɛʤədli ˈɔrkɪˌstreɪtɪd ə ˈsævɪʤ əˈtæk ɔn tu əv hɪz ɪmˈplɔɪiz hi səˈspɛktɪd əv ˈstilɪŋ hɪz ˈʤuəlri həz fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən tɛl... ðə tu mɛn hæd bɪn haɪərd tɪ wərk ɔn ˈveɪgəs hoʊmz bət wɪn ˈʤuəlri wɛnt ˈmɪsɪŋ, flɔɪd ˈpɔɪntɪd ðə ˈfɪŋgər æt toʊld ðə mɛn kleɪm ðeɪ wər ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ˈsɛvərəl wiks əˈgoʊ ənd ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd tɪ mit flɔɪd æt ən ðə mɛn əraɪvd, ðeɪ kleɪm flɔɪd wɑz ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðɛm əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə ˈnəmbər əv hɪz "ˈpipəl" hu prəˈsidəd tɪ bit ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ kræp aʊt əv ðɛm wɪθ ˈvɛriəs ˈwɛpənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsɔrsəz seɪ ðə əˈtæk wɑz soʊ ˈbrutəl ðə mɛn kʊd hæv ˈizəli daɪd. boʊθ mɛn hæd ˈbroʊkən ɑrmz ənd lɛgz ənd wər ˈhɑspɪtəˌlaɪzd fər ˈsɛvərəl sɔrs pʊt ɪt ðɪs weɪ, "ɪt wɑz səm 'ˈbreɪkɪŋ bæd' toʊld ðə mɛn ər ˈædəmənt ðeɪ ˈnɛvər tʊk ˈɛniˌθɪŋ frəm flɔɪd ənd ɪt əˈpɪrz flɔɪd ˈriəˌlaɪzɪz ðət naʊ. bət hɪrz ðə ˈprɑbləm fər ðə ʧæmp ˈsɔrsəz fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən seɪ ðə əˈtæk əˈmaʊnts tɪ əˈtɛmptəd ˈmərdər, ˈmeɪˌhɛm ənd ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ. wɪr toʊld ðə mɛn hæv rɪˈteɪnd ə riʧt aʊt tɪ ˈpipəl fər ˈkɑmɛnt soʊ fɑr, noʊ wərd bæk.

floyd mayweather allegedly involved in kidnapping & brutal beating over missing jewelry floyd mayweather -- allegedly involved in kidnapping & brutal beating ... over missing jewelry exclusive allegedly orchestrated a savage attack on two of his employees he suspected of stealing his jewelry ... tmz has learned.sources familiar with the situation tell... the two men had been hired to work on floyd's vegas homes ... but when jewelry went missing, floyd pointed the finger at them.we're told the men claim they were contacted several weeks ago and instructed to meet floyd at an off-site location.when the men arrived, they claim floyd was waiting for them -- along with a number of his "people" -- who proceeded to beat the living crap out of them with various weapons, including clubs.our sources say the attack was so brutal the men could have easily died. both men had broken arms and legs and were hospitalized for several days.one source put it this way, "it was some 'breaking bad' s**t."we're told the men are adamant they never took anything from floyd and it appears floyd realizes that now. but here's the problem for the champ -- sources familiar with the situation say the attack amounts to attempted murder, mayhem and kidnapping. we're told the men have retained a lawyer.we reached out to floyd's people for comment -- so far, no word back.

ˈsəmɪt ˈkaʊnti əˈθɔrətiz ər kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ sərʧ fər ə sˈnoʊˌbɔrdər hu ˈsɪriəsli ˈɪnʤərd ə ˈwʊmən ɪn ə kəˈlɪʒən æt ˈkiˌstoʊn rɪˈzɔrt ˌbiˈfɔr fliɪŋ ðə sin ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ. ðə ˈwʊmən wɑz hɪt ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2 ənd ɪz ə ˈwərkər æt ˈkiˌstoʊn. ʃi wɑz ˌɔfˈduti æt ðə taɪm, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈsteɪtmənt frəm ðə rɪˈzɔrt. ˈkiˌstoʊn ski pəˈtroʊl əˈtɛndəd tɪ ðə ˈvɪktɪm ənd ʃi wɑz trænˈspɔrtəd tɪ ðə ˈstɛdmən ˈklɪnɪk ɪn veɪl, ˈkoʊloʊ. fər ˈfərðər kɛr ənd ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən. ˈpriviəs ˈstɔri: ˈʃɛrɪf wɔnts hɛlp ɪn ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈhɪtænˌrən sˈnoʊˌbɔrdər pər ðə skiər ˈseɪfti lɔ, ɔl skiərz ənd sˈnoʊˌbɔrdərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ə kəˈlɪʒən ər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ stɑp ənd ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ɛz wɛl ɛz kɔl fər hɛlp. ðə ˈsəmɪt ˈkaʊnti ˈɔfəs həz timd əp wɪθ ˈmɛˌtroʊ ˈdɛnvər kraɪm ˈstɑpərz ɪn ˈsikɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm ðə ˈpəblɪk ɔn ðə kəˈlɪʒən. ðə sˈnoʊˌbɔrdər ɪz dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ənd 160 paʊnz. hi wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ ə blæk ənd rɛd ˌɪnˈfərˌnoʊ ˈhɛlmət ənd laɪt braʊn pænts æt ðə taɪm əv ðə kəˈlɪʒən. ˈhɛlmət ðə sˈnoʊˌbɔrdər wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ æt ðə taɪm əv ðə kəˈlɪʒən. ˈwɪtnəsɪz ər ˈɛniˌwən wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə keɪs ɪz æst tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt dɪˈtɛktɪv skɑt ˈwægnər æt ðoʊz hu hæv tɪps ənd wʊd laɪk tɪ rɪˈmeɪn əˈnɑnəməs kən kɔl ˈmɛˌtroʊ ˈdɛnvər kraɪm ˈstɑpərz æt ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2017 ˈkuzə

summit county – authorities are continuing to search for a snowboarder who seriously injured a woman in a collision at keystone resort before fleeing the scene earlier this month. the 52-year-old woman was hit on january 2, and is a worker at keystone. she was off-duty at the time, according to a statement from the resort. keystone ski patrol attended to the victim and she was transported to the steadman clinic in vail, colo. for further care and evaluation. previous story: sheriff wants help in finding hit-and-run snowboarder per the skier safety law, all skiers and snowboarders involved in a collision are required to stop and exchange information, as well as call for help. the summit county sheriff’s office has teamed up with metro denver crime stoppers in seeking information from the public on the collision. the snowboarder is described as 5’9’’ and 160 pounds. he was wearing a black and red ruroc inferno full-face helmet and light brown pants at the time of the collision. helmet the snowboarder was wearing at the time of the collision. witnesses or anyone with information on the case is asked to contact detective scott wagner at 970-423-8913. those who have tips and would like to remain anonymous can call metro denver crime stoppers at 720-913-7867. copyright 2017 kusa

ˈistərn ˈkɑŋgoʊ rɪˈmeɪnz ˈdipli ənˈsteɪbəl mɔr ðən eɪt jɪrz ˈæftər ðə ɛnd əv ə ˈsɪvəl wɔr [ˈrɔɪtərz] eɪt ˈpipəl hæv bɪn kɪld ənd 44 ˈəðərz ˈɪnʤərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ən əˈtɛmptəd ʤeɪl breɪk ɪn ðə ˈkæpɪtəl əv ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk riˈpəblɪk əv ˈkɑŋgoʊz saʊθ ˈprɑvɪns, pəˈlis sɛd. ðə ˈkæʒəwəltiz əˈkərd ɔn ˈsənˌdi æt ðə buˈkɑˌvu ˈsɛntrəl ˈprɪzən ˈæftər ə grəˈneɪd ɪkˈsploʊdɪd ɪn ðə hænz əv ən ˈɪnˌmeɪt, ˈsinjər ˈriʤənəl pəˈlis əˈfɪʃəl ˈgæstən toʊld ðə nuz ˈeɪʤənsi. "ə ˈkərnəl ˈɪnˌmeɪt geɪv ə grəˈneɪd tɪ ə səˈvɪljən ˈɪnˌmeɪt ənd toʊld ɪm tɪ θroʊ ɪt ɪn frənt əv dɔrz tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈpænɪk tɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ðə ɪˈskeɪp," ˈgæstən, ə ˈsinjər ˈriʤənəl pəˈlis əˈfɪʃəl, toʊld. "nɑt biɪŋ ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri mæn, ðə səˈvɪljən tʊk ðə pɪn aʊt əv ðə grəˈneɪd bət kɛpt ɪt ənd ɪt ɪkˈsploʊdɪd ɪn hɪz hænz," sɛd. "ðɛr wər eɪt dɛd fɔr səˈvɪljənz ənd fɔr ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri," hi sɛd. "ðɛr wər ˈɔlsoʊ 44 ˈɪnʤərd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 32 səˈvɪljənz, wɪθ ðə rɛst [biɪŋ] ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri." ˈfrikˌwɛnt hi sɛd θri ˈprɪzənərz ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ɪˈskeɪp ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ wɪθ ðə "kəmˈplɪsɪti" əv ðə hɛd əv ðə ʤeɪl. ðeɪ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə mæn hu wɑz ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv əv ðə ˈprɪzənərz. sɛd ðə ˈkərnəl ðɛn traɪd "tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðɪs ənˈsteɪbəl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən", tɪ lɔnʧ ðə feɪld ʤeɪl breɪk. ə ˈrɔɪtərz ˈwɪtnəs sɛd ðə ˈərli ˈmɔrnɪŋ blæst æt ðə ʤeɪl wɑz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈgənˌfaɪər ənd səm ˈɪnˌmeɪts hu hæd ˈsəfərd ˈsɪriəs ˈɪnʤəriz wər biɪŋ ˈtritɪd æt ə ˈloʊkəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. ˈprɪzən breɪks ənd əˈtɛmptəd ɪˈskeɪps ər ˈfrikˌwɛnt ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, ˈnɪrli ˈɪnˌmeɪts ɪˈskeɪpt frəm ə ˈprɪzən ɪn ðə ˈistərn ˈprɑvɪns ˈæftər ə spɛkˈtækjələr reɪd baɪ mæskt ˈgənˌmɛn tɪ spərɪŋ ə mɪˈlɪʃə ˈlidər frəm dɛθ roʊ. ˈprɪzənz ɪn ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk riˈpəblɪk əv ˈkɑŋgoʊ, wɪʧ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ræŋks ɛz wən əv ðə list dɪˈvɛləpt ˈkəntriz ɪn ðə wərld, ər noʊn fər ˈoʊvərˌkraʊdɪŋ, təf kənˈdɪʃənz ənd ˈʃɑdi sɪˈkjʊrəti. ˈistərn ˈkɑŋgoʊ rɪˈmeɪnz ˈdipli ənˈsteɪbəl mɔr ðən eɪt jɪrz ˈæftər ðə ɛnd əv ə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, wɪθ ˈrɛbəlz ənd ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz boʊθ əˈkjuzd əv ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˌkrɪməˈnælɪti.

eastern congo remains deeply unstable more than eight years after the end of a civil war [reuters] eight people have been killed and 44 others injured during an attempted jail break in the capital of the democratic republic of congo's south kivu province, police said. the casualties occurred on sunday at the bukavu central prison after a grenade exploded in the hands of an inmate, senior regional police official gaston luzembo told the afp news agency. "a colonel inmate gave a grenade to a civilian inmate and told him to throw it in front of doors to create panic to facilitate the escape," gaston luzembo, a senior regional police official, told afp. "not being a military man, the civilian took the pin out of the grenade but kept it and it exploded in his hands," luzembo said. "there were eight dead - four civilians and four military," he said. "there were also 44 injured, including 32 civilians, with the rest [being] military." frequent jailbreaks he said three prisoners managed to escape on saturday with the "complicity" of the head of the jail. they included the man who was the official representative of the prisoners. luzembo said the colonel then tried "to take advantage of this unstable situation", to launch the failed jail break. a reuters witness said the early morning blast at the jail was followed by gunfire and some inmates who had suffered serious injuries were being treated at a local hospital. prison breaks and attempted escapes are frequent in the country. in september, nearly 1,000 inmates escaped from a prison in the eastern katanga province after a spectacular raid by masked gunmen to spring a militia leader from death row. prisons in the democratic republic of congo, which the united nations ranks as one of the least developed countries in the world, are known forrcrowding, tough conditions and shoddy security. eastern congo remains deeply unstable more than eight years after the end of a civil war, with rebels and members of the armed forces both accused of widespread criminality.

ˈæftər 3 jɪrz ɔn ðə roʊd ənd wɪθ ˈoʊvər ˈfɑloʊərz, ˈprɑbəˌbli hərd əv ˈædəm, ˈɛmɪli, ˈkoʊˈlɛt ənd siˈɛrə ˈʃɛrɪŋ ðɛr ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ ˈoʊpən roʊd. ðɛr plæn ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈfaɪnəli bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl! ðɪs laɪf ɔn ðə roʊd brɪŋz ðɛm soʊ məʧ ʤɔɪ ðeɪ hæd tɪ kip goʊɪŋ, ɪn spaɪt əv ðə əps ənd daʊnz ˈkəmɪŋ wɪθ ðə noʊˈmædɪk ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl. rɛd ðɛr ˈstɔri hir: wɛr ər ju naʊ? ənd haʊ du ju səˈlɛkt jʊr nɛkst ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən? wi ər ˈkərəntli ɔn ðə bɪg ˈaɪlənd əv həˈwaɪˌi ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈfæməli ənd wɪl rɪˈtərn tɪ ɑr væn ənd laɪf ɪn saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə ɪn ə fju wiks. ɑr twɪsts ənd tərnz ər dɪˈtərmənd baɪ ˈmɛni spɑnˈteɪniəs ənd plænd, ɪn ðə grænd skim ənd ɔn ðə ˈdeɪli! ˈwɛðər ənd ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz hɛlp dɪˈtərmən wət ækˈtɪvɪtiz wi du. ˈtunɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈɛnərʤi əv ə pleɪs, wi ˌdɪˈsaɪd wɛr tɪ kæmp ənd haʊ lɔŋ tɪ steɪ. wi hæv ə lus aɪˈdiə əv wɛr wi wɔnt tɪ bi fər, seɪ, ə ˈsizən, ər wi nid tɪ bi tɪ ə ˈsərtən pleɪs tɪ mit ˈsəmˌwən ɪn 3 mənθs, soʊ wi əˈʤəst ɑr kɔrs əˈkɔrdɪŋli. ˈərli ɔn wi əˈdɑptəd ə ˈstændɪŋ rul ðət ɪf wən əv ˈjuˈɛs dɪz nɑt laɪk ə ˈkæmpˌsaɪt, wi muv, noʊ kˈwɛsʧənz æst. ɔn ðə roʊd, ju ər strɪpt əv soʊ ˈmɛni ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈfɪltərz ənd jʊr ˌɪntuˈɪʃən ɪz jʊr bɛst, moʊst ˈvaɪtəl gɪft. wi ər ɪn ləv wɪθ ðə brɛdθ ənd dɪˈvərsɪti ɪnˈkaʊnərd ɔn ðə roʊd. wi əˈdɔr haɪ ˈmaʊntənz ənd wɔrm ˈoʊʃənz, ðə ˈkəlʧərəl dɪˈlaɪts ɪn bɪg ˈsɪtiz ənd ðə sloʊ ʧɑrm əv smɔl taʊnz, dip ˈfɔrəsts ənd væst ˈdɛzərts soʊ laɪf ɔn ðə roʊd suts ˈjuˈɛs kwaɪt wɛl, wɛˈrɛvər ðət meɪ bi. wət wɑz jʊr laɪf ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlivɪŋ 3 jɪrz əˈgoʊ? wi lɛft ə laɪf sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ, ˈtæləntɪd foʊks; ə ˈbɪzi laɪf əv əˈlɑrm klɑks ənd rɛnt tɪ peɪ. ə laɪf əv ˈmuvɪŋ ðə kɑr frəm wən saɪd əv ðə strit tɪ ðə ˈəðər tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈsɪti ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈtɪkɪts, əv ɪˈskeɪpɪŋ ðə leɪər əv smɑg ɛz ˈmɛni deɪz ə mənθ ɛz wi kʊd ˈməstər tɪ brið rɪʧ ɛr. ɑrt ʃoʊz ənd biʧ deɪz, ˈfænsi ˈkɑkˌteɪlz ənd ˈfɑrmərz ˈmɑrkɪt, frɛndz ənd ˈfæməli, ˈsɪti ˈstrɛsɪz, pərˈpɛʧuəl ˈwɑndərˌləst. wɪn wi dɪˈpɑrtɪd, ɪt wɑz fər (wət wi θɔt) wʊd bi ə 1 jɪr ˈʤərni æt ðə ɛnd əv wɪʧ wi wʊd rɪˈtərn tɪ ðɪs ‘‘normal’*’ laɪf ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. ˈæftər ˈoʊvər 3 jɪrz ɔn ðə roʊd, wi ər ˈhæpi tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ðɪs laɪf əv ˈfʊlˌtaɪm ˈtrævəl ɪz ɑr nu ˈnɔrməl. haʊ wɑz ɪt tɪ gɪv bərθ tɪ jʊr ˈsɛkənd ʧaɪld waɪl ɔn ðə roʊd? ˈhævɪŋ lɔst ɑr fərst ʧaɪld æt bərθ, ə sən wi neɪmd aaro*, wi noʊ ənd ˌɪnˈtɛnsli rɪˈʤɔɪs ɪn ðə gɪft ðət ɪz laɪf. siˈɛrə ɪz ɑr θərd ʧaɪld. maɪ fərst traɪˈmɛstər ˈprɛgnənt ənd ɔn ðə roʊd wɪθ siˈɛrə wɑz ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt, ɛz moʊst əv ɪt wɑz spɛnt əraʊnd fit. ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz əv ðət ˌɛləˈveɪʃən ˈkəpəld wɪθ ˈərli ˈprɛgnənsi ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz lɛft mi kwaɪt grin. ˈləkəli, ˈædəm wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ spɛnd ə lɔt əv taɪm ˈkɛrɪŋ fər ˈkoʊˌkoʊ, soʊ aɪ wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪt ə lɔt əv rɛst, wɪʧ ɪz ɔl aɪ wɑz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv duɪŋ. maɪ fərst əˈpɔɪntmənt fər siˈɛrə wɑz ɪn ən oʊld ˈʃɪpɪŋ kənˈteɪnər ðət sərvd ɛz ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɪn cusco*, pəru ənd kɔst 6 wəns aɪ hɪt 16 wiks, ɛz wi lɛft ðə ənd ˈɛnərd loʊər ˌɛləˈveɪʃənz, aɪ riˈgeɪnd maɪ strɛŋθ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ðə rɛst əv maɪ ˈprɛgnənsi. aɪ hæd ˈrɛgjələr ˈʧɛˌkəps, ɪn pəru, ˈʧɪli, ˌɑrʤənˈtinə ənd brəˈzɪl, ˈkɛriɪŋ ɪn maɪ faɪl əv ˈpeɪpərz ənd ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ɑr noʊˈmædɪk laɪf tɪ ðə bɪˈwɪldərd ənd bɪmˈjuzd stæf ənd ˈdɑktərz. wi ʧoʊz tɪ hæv siˈɛrə ɪn, brəˈzɪl wɛr ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈspikɪŋ ˈkəntri wi hæv bɪn tɪ ɔn ðə trɪp. wi θɔt ɑr læk əv ˈpɔrʧəˌgiz wʊd bi ə ˈʧælənʤ, bət ɪt pruvd tɪ nɑt bi ɛz ˈdɪfəkəlt ɛz wi ˌɪˈmæʤənd. ɪz ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə ˈnæʧərəl bərθ ˈmuvmənt ɪn brəˈzɪl ənd ðə fri ənd ˈpəblɪk kɛr wi rɪˈsivd wɑz soʊ səˈpɔrtɪv. ˈpɛrəntɪŋ ɔn ðə roʊd (ənd ɪn laɪf) gɪvz ˈjuˈɛs ðə ˈdipəst ʤɔɪ. dɪd ju ˈɛvər ˌɪˈmæʤən ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈpipəl ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jʊr ˈstɔriz ɔn ɪz ɪt ə ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən tɪ kip goʊɪŋ? ɑr ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən fər ɪz nɑt ˈdrɪvən baɪ ə ˈnəmbər; ɪt ɪz ə faɪər wɪˈθɪn, ə ʤɔɪ faʊnd ɔn ðə roʊd, əv ə laɪf lɪvd sloʊ ənd kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ɑr ˈʧɪldrən ənd wɪθ ðə wərld. wi ər ˈtruli ˈflætərd ðət soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ər ˈfɑloʊɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ɛz wi ʃɛr ˈpisɪz əv ɑr laɪf ɔn ðə roʊd. ðə bəˈzɑr ɪz ˈprɪti kul kən ju ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ɔn ðɪs, ənd kən ju meɪk ə ˈlɪvɪŋ aʊt əv ɪt? wɪn 5 mənθs ˈɪntu wət wi plænd tɪ bi ə lɔŋ vɔɪəʤ, ɛz wi wər dɪˈpɑrtɪŋ kəˈləmbiə ˈɛnərɪŋ ˈɛkwəˌdɔr, wi hæd əˈprɑksəmətli 8 wiks tɪ riʧ dɛl ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈwɛðər wʊd meɪk ɪt ˌɪmˈprɑbəbəl tɪ ˈseɪfli riʧ ɑr ˈsəðərnˌmoʊst ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən ushuaia*. soʊ wi ˈoʊpənd tɪ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz sɛt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈjuˈɛs, ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ɪmˈbreɪs ə fˈjuʧər ənˈnoʊn ənd ðə rɪˈwɔrdz əv sloʊ ˈtrævəl. wi nu wi wər (ər!) ɔn ðə ˈʤərni əv ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm ənd ˈrəʃɪŋ tɪ ʧɛk ɔf ˈpleɪsɪz ˈvɪzɪtɪd simd ˈvɛri ənˈlaɪk ðə ˈpərpəs əv ɑr dɪˈpɑrʧər. ðət wɑz ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ðət ʧeɪnʤd ɪt ɔl! wi dɪd nɑt hæv ðə ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz tɪ steɪ ɔn ðə roʊd ˈlɔŋgər, bət fɛlt ˈkɑnfədənt ðət wɪθ ɑr hɑrts ˈoʊpən ənd hɛdz təˈgɛðər, wi kʊd ˈfɪgjər aʊt səm weɪ tɪ səˈpɔrt ɑr laɪf ɔn ðə roʊd. ɑr ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz ər ˈmɪnəməl ˈnidɪŋ fud, fjuəl ənd nɑt məʧ ɛls. wi dɪˈskəst ˈʤəgəlɪŋ æt strit laɪts (ə ˈtælənt wɪʧ ˈniðər əv ˈjuˈɛs pəˈzɛs), ˈtərnɪŋ ðə væn ˈɪntu ə ˈmoʊbəl ˈkɪʧən ənd ˈsɛlɪŋ fud ˈæftər bɑrz kloʊz (nɑt ˈvɛri kənˈdusɪv tɪ ˈhævɪŋ ə jəŋ ʧaɪld), ˈhævɪŋ ˈædəm wərk wɪθ ə ˈskubə ˈaʊtˌfɪtər ɛz ən ˈəndərˌwɔtər ˌsɪnɪməˈtɑgrəfər (fən ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ lɪv ˈsəmˌwɛr, bət kwaɪt un-nomadic*), soʊ wɪn wi məld ˈoʊvər ðə aɪˈdiə fər 24 aʊər bəˈzɑr- wi ˈɪnstəntli nu wi hæd faʊnd ɑr ˈwɪnər! ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtɪŋ tɪ hæv ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd nɑt tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ˈseɪfti əv ˈnɔrməl laɪf ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ənd tɪ si ɑr ˈbreɪnˌstɔrmɪŋ ˈsɛʃən tərnd ˈɪntu ə ˈvaɪəbəl ˈbɪznɪs. 24 aʊər bəˈzɑr həz kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈsərkəl, wɪʧ kəˈnɛkts ðə ˈɑrtəzənz, ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɔdiəns, ənd ˈjuˈɛs. ɔl ðə ˈkræfˌspipəl wi wərk wɪθ ər stoʊkt tɪ ʃɛr ðɛr gʊdz wɪθ ə ˈwaɪdər ˈɔdiəns ənd meɪk ə fɛr weɪʤ duɪŋ soʊ; tɪ səˈpɔrt trəˈdɪʃən ənd ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪn ðə ɑrts ɪz ˈɪnfənətli rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ɛz ˈɑrtɪsts. ðɪs floʊ əv ˈfaɪˌnæns, ɑrt ənd ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən ɪz ə ˈpɛrɪŋ ðət wi kʊd ˈoʊnli hæv drimd əv ˌbiˈfɔr ɑr dɪˈpɑrʧər, ənd ər θrɪld tɪ naʊ kɔl ɑr wərk ˌriˈæləˌti. 24 aʊər bəˈzɑr ɪz ə flæʃ seɪl əv curated*, fɛr treɪd, ˈɑrtəzən gʊdz ðət wi hoʊst wɪn ɪn kræft rɪʧ ˈriʤənz. ˈaɪtəmz ˌɪnˈklud rəgz, ˈtɛkˌstaɪlz, ˈblæŋkəts, ˈkloʊðɪŋ, hæts, ˈʤuəlri, mæsks ənd ˈvɛri əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ɑr loʊˈkeɪʃən. ðə ˈaɪtəmz ər əˈveɪləbəl fər ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd taɪm ənd ʃɪp ˈwərldˈwaɪd dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ɑr customers’*’ dɔr. sɛnd ju iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs tɪ [iˈmeɪl prəˈtɛktɪd] tɪ gɪt ɔn ðə lɪst. ɛz ðət ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzd ɑr ˈɪnˌkəm, wi hæv ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈvərsəˌfaɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈwərkɪŋ ɛz kənˈtrɪbjətərz tɪ ˈvɛriəs ˈɔnˌlaɪn ənd prɪnt ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz ˈviə fəˈtɑgrəfi pɛrd wɪθ ˈraɪtɪŋ. wi ˈɔlsoʊ teɪk peɪd əˈsaɪnmənts, prəˈdusɪŋ ərˈɪʤənəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈkɑntɛnt fər ðə ˈɛvəri ˈhəŋgri ˈgloʊbəl ˈɔdiəns. ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2014 ˈædəm hæd ə ˈsoʊˌloʊ ɑrt ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən ˈtaɪtəld incognita”*” wɪʧ ˈfiʧərd ˈoʊvər 50 nu ərˈɪʤənəl kəˈlɑʒ, ˈfoʊˌtoʊ, ˈpeɪnɪŋ ənd wərks. ˈɛmɪli həz naʊ ˈhoʊstɪd tu cerradas”*” 6 kɔrs ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən ˈdɪnərz ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ɑr taɪm ɔn ðə roʊd, ˈkʊkɪŋ fər əp tɪ 45 foʊks, ˈʃɛrɪŋ ðə ˈstɔriz əv iʧ kɔrs sɛt ɪn ən ˈɪnɪmət ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. haʊ du ju plæn tɪ skul jʊr ˈʧɪldrən? ɛz əˈmɛrɪkənz, wi hæv ˈmɛni ˈɔpʃənz fər ˈskulɪŋ ɑr ˈʧɪldrən; wi ˈhoʊmˈskul ðə gərlz ɔn ðə roʊd ər ““road-school”*” ðɛm. ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪz ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˈædəm aɪ, ɪt ɪz nɑt ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ɪkˈspɪriəns ðət ɪz ˈrɛləˌgeɪtɪd tɪ ˈsɪtɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ə dɛsk ˈrɛdɪŋ ə bʊk (ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi ˈsərtənli rɛd ˈmɛni). ˈkoʊˈlɛt həz ˈmɛni ənd ləvz wɪn wi school’*’ ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˈrɛdɪŋ, ˈraɪtɪŋ ənd ˌɛrɪθˈmɛtɪk. bət bɪɔnd bʊks, wi laɪk tɪ ˈfɑstər ən ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt fər ˈæskɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz θru ˈlərnɪŋ wɪʧ lidz tɪ ˈwəndərfəl dɪˈskəʃənz ðət lɪŋk ˈmɛni ˈsəbʤɪkts təˈgɛðər. vjuɪŋ iʧ ɪkˈspɪriəns wi hæv ɛz ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ lərn, wi dɪˈskəs ʤiˈɑgrəfi wɪn ˈhaɪkɪŋ dɪˈvərs ˈlænˌskeɪps, ˈpræktɪs ˈspænɪʃ wɪθ ˈloʊkəlz, juz ˈməni tɪ lərn ˈriˌllaɪf mæθ, ənd soʊ məʧ mɔr. kən ju dɪˈskraɪb ə ˈrisənt ˈmæʤɪk ˈmoʊmənt ju hæd ɪn jʊr ˈtrævəlz? fər ˈbərθˌdeɪ, wi pɑrkt ðə væn haɪkt daʊn ə rɪˈmoʊt biʧ tɪ ə smɔl koʊv ɪn ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈʧɪliən koʊst. ðɛr wər ˈtərkwɔɪz blumz əˈtɑp ˈmɛni ˈkæktəs ðət simd aʊt əv ə ˈdɑktər. sus bʊk ˈdɑtɪŋ ðə ˈoʊvərˌlʊkɪŋ səm ˈpərfəktli ˈpilɪŋ weɪvz. wi meɪd ə faɪər, kæmpt bɪˈniθ ðə stɑrz ənd ˈrɛlɪʃt ðə sloʊ ˈmoʊmənts əv ˈmæʤɪk. ˈfɑloʊ ˈɛmɪli, ˈædəm, ˈkoʊˌkoʊ ənd siˈɛrə hir əˈfɪʃəl ˈwɛbˌsaɪt: ˈfeɪsˌbʊk facebook.com/ouropen.road*/ əˈkaʊnt:

after 3 years on the road and with over 100,000 instagram followers, you’ve probably heard of adam, emily, colette and sierra sharing their inspiring open road. their 12-month plan project finally became a lifestyle! this life on the road brings them so much joy they had to keep going, in spite of the ups and downs coming with the nomadic lifestyle. read their story here: where are you now? and how do you select your next destination? we are currently on the big island of hawaii visiting family and will return to our van and life in south america in a few weeks. our twists and turns are determined by many factors-both spontaneous and planned, in the grand scheme and on the daily! weather and finances help determine what activities we do. tuning into the energy of a place, we decide where to camp and how long to stay. we have a loose idea of where we want to be for, say, a season, or we need to be to a certain place to meet someone in 3 months, so we adjust our course accordingly. early on we adopted a standing rule that if one of us does not like a campsite, we move, no questions asked. on the road, you are stripped of so many outside filters and your intuition is your best, most vital gift. we are in love with the breadth and diversity we’ve encountered on the road. we adore high mountains and warm oceans, the cultural delights in big cities and the slow charm of small towns, deep forests and vast deserts so life on the road suits us quite well, wherever that may be. what was your life before leaving 3 years ago? we left a life surrounded by inspiring, talented folks; a busy life of alarm clocks and rent to pay. a life of moving the car from one side of the street to the other to avoid city parking tickets, of escaping the layer of smog as many days a month as we could muster to breathe rich air. art shows and beach days, fancy cocktails and farmers market, friends and family, city stresses, perpetual wanderlust. when we departed, it was for (what we thought) would be a 1 year journey at the end of which we would return to this ‘normal’ life in california. after over 3 years on the road, we are happy to report this life of fulltime travel is our new normal. how was it to give birth to your second child while on the road? having lost our first child at birth, a son we named aaro, we know and intensely rejoice in the gift that is life. sierra is our third child. my first trimester pregnant and on the road with sierra was very difficult, as most of it was spent around 12,000 feet. the challenges of that elevation coupled with early pregnancy hormones left me quite green. luckily, adam was able to spend a lot of time caring for coco, so i was able to get a lot of rest, which is all i was capable of doing. my first pre-natal appointment for sierra was in an old shipping container that served as the hospital in cusco, peru and cost $6. once i hit 16 weeks, as we left the alti-plano and entered lower elevations, i regained my strength & enjoyed the rest of my pregnancy. i had regular checkups, in peru, chile, argentina and brazil, carrying in my file of papers and explaining our nomadic life to the bewildered and bemused staff and doctors. we chose to have sierra in florianopolis, brazil where is the only non-spanish speaking country we have been to on the trip. we thought our lack of portuguese would be a challenge, but it proved to not be as difficult as we imagined. florianopolis is the center of the natural birth movement in brazil and the free and public care we received was so supportive. parenting on the road (and in life) gives us the deepest joy. did you ever imagine getting ove 100,000 people following your stories on ig ? is it a motivation to keep going? our motivation for adventuring is not driven by a number; it is a fire within, a joy found on the road, of a life lived slow and connected to our children and with the world. we are truly flattered that so many people are following along as we share pieces of our life on the road. the 24h bazar is pretty cool can you elaborate on this, and can you make a living out of it? when 5 months into what we planned to be a 1-year long voyage, as we were departing colombia entering ecuador, we had approximately 8 weeks to reach tierra del fuego before the weather would make it improbable to safely reach our southernmost destination ushuaia. so we opened to the possibilities set before us, decided to embrace a future unknown and the rewards of slow travel. we knew we were (are!) on the journey of a lifetime and rushing to check off places visited seemed very unlike the purpose of our departure. that was the decision that changed it all! we did not have the finances to stay on the road longer, but felt confident that with our hearts open and heads together, we could figure out some way to support our life on the road. our finances are minimal needing food, fuel and not much else. we discussed juggling at street lights (a talent which neither of us possess), turning the van into a mobile kitchen and selling food after bars close (not very conducive to having a young child), having adam work with a scuba outfitter as an underwater cinematographer (fun if you want to live somewhere, but quite un-nomadic), so when we mulled over the idea for 24 hour bazaar- we instantly knew we had found our winner! it is incredibly liberating to have decided not to return to the safety of normal life in california, and to see our brainstorming session turned into a viable business. 24 hour bazaar has created a circle, which connects the artisans, an international audience, and us. all the craftspeople we work with are stoked to share their goods with a wider audience and make a fair wage doing so; to support tradition and process in the arts is infinitely rewarding to us as artists. this flow of finance, art and inspiration is a pairing that we could only have dreamed of before our departure, and are thrilled to now call our work reality. 24 hour bazaar is a flash sale of curated, fair trade, artisan goods that we host when in craft rich regions. items include rugs, textiles, blankets, clothing, hats, jewelry, masks and vary according to our location. the one-of-a-kind items are available for a limited time and ship worldwide directly to our customers’ door. send you email address to [email protected] to get on the list. as that stabilized our income, we have also diversified to include working as contributors to various online and print publications via adam’s photography paired with emily’s writing. we also take paid assignments, producing original photo content for the every hungry global audience. in october 2014, adam had a solo art exhibition titled “terra incognita” which featured over 50 new original collage, photo, painting and mixed-media works. emily has now hosted two “puertas cerradas” pop-up 6 course vegetarian dinners inspired by our time on the road, cooking for up to 45 folks, sharing the stories of each course set in an intimate environment. how do you plan to school your children? as americans, we have many options for schooling our children; we home-school the girls on the road or “road-school” them. education is very important to adam & i, it is not a separate experience that is relegated to sitting behind a desk reading a book (although we certainly read many). colette has many workbooks and loves when we ‘do school’ practicing reading, writing and arithmetic. but beyond books, we like to foster an environment for asking questions through child-led learning which leads to wonderful discussions that link many subjects together. viewing each experience we have as an opportunity to learn, we discuss geography when hiking diverse landscapes, practice spanish with locals, use money to learn real-life math, and so much more. can you describe a recent magic moment you had in your travels? for adam’s birthday, we parked the van & hiked down a remote beach to a small cove in the central chilean coast. there were fantastical turquoise blooms atop many cactus that seemed out of a dr. seuss book dotting the cliff-side overlooking some perfectly peeling waves. we made a fire, camped beneath the stars and relished the slow moments of magic. follow emily, adam, coco and sierra here : official website: ouropenroad.com facebook facebook.com/ouropen.road/ instagram account: @ouropenroad

ðə ˌɔtəmoʊˈbil ˈɪndəstri ɪz pɔɪzd fər ɪts fərst ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. ənˈlaɪk ˈɛni ˈpriviəs ˌɔtəˈmoʊtɪv ədˈvænsmənt, kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr tɛkˈnɑləʤi wɪl sun ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈvɛri ˈpərpəs əv ðə ˈviɪkəl. ˈrəðər ðən ˈmɪrli ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs frəm pɔɪnt ə tɪ pɔɪnt bi, ˈviɪkəlz wɪl naʊ bi ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈɔrdərɪŋ ɑr milz ənd peɪɪŋ fər ðɛm, ˈskɛʤʊlɪŋ ðɛr oʊn rɪˈpɛrz æt ðə ˈsərvɪs ˈsɛnər, ənd ˈivɪn kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪŋ wɪθ dɪˈvaɪsɪz wɪˈθɪn ɑr hoʊmz. bət ðə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˌɔtəmoʊˈbilz kəm wɪθ səm pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈdɛdli ˈkɑrˌgoʊ: ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˈhækɪŋ. ˈɪndəstri ˈfɔrˌkæsts ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðət mɔr ðən 150 ˈmɪljən kəˈnɛktɪd kɑz wɪl bi ɔn ðə roʊd baɪ 2020 ɛz ˈɔtoʊˌmeɪkərz roʊl aʊt ðə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˈviɪkəlz, kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˈsaɪbər sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪz əˈməŋ ðɛr ʧif kənˈsərnz. ənd ˈraɪtli soʊ. ɛz wi hæv sin, noʊ ˈpərsɪnəl kəmˈpjutər, noʊ ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs, noʊ ˈkɔrpərət ˈnɛtˌwərk, ənd noʊ ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsi ɪz ˌɪmˈjun frəm ˈsaɪbər əˈtæk. wət meɪks ˈjuˈɛs ɪkˈspɛkt kəˈnɛktɪd ˈviɪkəlz wɪl bi ˈɛni mɔr sɪˈkjʊr? technology-wise*, ðeɪ aren’t*. ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ðə ʃɪr ˈnunəs əv kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr tɛkˈnɑləʤi meɪks səʧ ˈsɪstəmz mɔr ˈvəlnərəbəl naʊ ðən ðeɪ wɪl ˈɛvər bi. tɪ mit ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz əv ˌɔtəˈmoʊtɪv ˈsaɪbər sɪˈkjʊrəti, ˈɔtoʊˌmeɪkərz ər ˈpɑrtnərɪŋ wɪθ ˈvɛndərz ənd ˈpɑrti dɪˈvɛləpərz tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈɪʃuz. ɛz wɪθ ˈɛni tɛkˈnɑləʤi stɪl ɪn ɪts ˈɪnfənsi, rɪkˈwaɪrmənts fər kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˈplætˌfɔrmz ənd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ər ˈræpədli ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ. ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wi wɪl ɪkˈsplɔr faɪv rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ðət dɪˈvɛləpərz məst bi priˈpɛrd tɪ mit ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈpɛnəˌtreɪt ðɪs ˈlukrətɪv nu ˈmɑrkɪt. ˈbluˌtuθ ˈhɑrdənɪŋ ðə ˈprɛvələns əv ˈbluˌtuθ kənɛkˈtɪvɪti, ˈivɪn ˌbiˈfɔr ˈviɪkəlz hæd ˈɑnˌbɔrd ˈsɪstəmz, meɪks ɪt ə praɪm ˈtərgət fər ˈsaɪbər ˈkrɪmənəlz. ˈhækərz ɔˈrɛdi ˌəndərˈstænd ˈbluˌtuθ, ənd ðeɪ noʊ haʊ tɪ ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt ɪts ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪtiz. wɪθ iʧ ˈvərʒən ˈɪnkrəmənt kəmz boʊθ ədˈvænsɪz ənd ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪz, wɪθ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɔfən ˈteɪkɪŋ bæk sit tɪ spid, rɪˈdust paʊər, ənd ˈəðər ˈfiʧərz. teɪk ðə nuəst ˈvərʒən, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. ɪt ˈɔfərz twaɪs ðə spid ənd fɔr taɪmz ðə reɪnʤ əv gʊd fər ɪkˈspændɪd ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ənd ˌɪmˈpruvd pərˈfɔrməns, bət bæd fər sɪˈkjʊrəti. ənˈlaɪk ˈərliər ˈvərʒənz, wɪʧ wər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ bi sloʊ, ˈdætə ˈʧænəlz, ðə nu ˈvərʒən wɪl ɪkˈstɛnd ðə reɪnʤ æt wɪʧ ə ˈhækər kən ˈækˌsɛs ðə dɪˈvaɪs, ənd əˈlaʊ ðɛm tɪ ˈtrænsfər məˈlɪʃəs koʊd, ər ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈpraɪvət ˈdætə, ˈfæstər ðən ˈɛvər. hæv ən ˌɔtəˈmoʊtɪv ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪn maɪnd? wi ər hir tɪ dɪˈskəs. ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈjuˈɛs ðə ˌɪnˈkrist spid ənd reɪnʤ əv ˈbluˌtuθ ənd ə ˈbrɔdˌkæst kəˈpæsɪti bust əv 800 pʊt ɪt ɪn dɪˈrɛkt ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən wɪθ ˈwiˌfi tɛkˈnɑləʤi fər kəˈnɛktɪŋ dɪˈvaɪsɪz ɪn ðə hoʊm. ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈmɛni kəˈnɛktɪd ˈviɪkəlz wɪl ˌɪnˈklud ðɛr oʊn ˈwiˌfi ˈhɑtˌspɑt, ˈbluˌtuθ ɪz ˈsərtən tɪ ˈdɑməˌneɪt kəˈnɛkʃənz. ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri rɪsk ˈbluˌtuθ ˈpoʊzɪz tɪ kəˈnɛktɪd kɑz ɪz ðət ˈhækərz kən juz kəˈnɛkʃənz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ˈdipər ˈsɪstəmz. ðə ˈʧælənʤ fər dɪˈvɛləpərz, ðɛn, ɪz tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈbluˌtuθ. ðeɪ məst juz nu ˈbluˌtuθ ˈfiʧərz ənd ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz tɪ ɪmˈpaʊər ðɛr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, waɪl ˈruθləsli ˈsikɪŋ aʊt ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪtiz ənd ˈkloʊzɪŋ ðɛm kˈwɪkli. fər dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈwɪʃɪŋ tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ˈbluˌtuθ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˈɪndəstri, ˈwərkɪŋ fəˌmɪˈljɛrəti wɪθ nu ˈbluˌtuθ ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz ɪz nɑt ɪˈnəf. ðeɪ məst noʊ ðɛm wɛl ɪˈnəf tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kloʊz ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪtiz. mɔˈroʊvər, dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ sɪˈkjʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˌrikˈwaɪər steɪɪŋ ɔn tɔp əv ˈkɑrənt ˈrisərʧ ˈɪntu ˈbluˌtuθ ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪtiz. ˈoʊvər ðə ɛr (ˈoʊtə) ˈəpˌdeɪts ˈkipɪŋ ˈɛni kəmˈpjutərˌaɪzd ˈsɪstəm sɪˈkjʊr bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ˈkipɪŋ ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz ənd ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈkɑrənt. ðɪs ɪz noʊ lɛs tru fər ðə kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ˈoʊnərz tɪ brɪŋ ðɛr ˈviɪkəlz ˈɪntu ðə ʃɑp fər ˈəpˌdeɪts ɪz nɑt ðə weɪ tɪ kip ðɛr ˈviɪkəl ˈsɪstəmz ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd. ˈniðər ɪz ɪt ˈpræktɪkəl tɪ əˈsum ðət ˈdraɪvərz wɪl ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd ˌɪnˈstɔl ðɛm ɔn ðɛr oʊn. ðə ˈnəmbər əv məˈʃinz stɪl ɪn ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən pruv ðət goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈfizəbəl weɪ tɪ kip kəˈnɛktɪd ˈviɪkəl ˈplætˌfɔrmz ənd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɪz tɪ juz over-the-air*, ər ˈoʊtə tɛkˈnɑləʤi, wɛr ˈəpˌdeɪts ər ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd wirelessly*. ˈoʊtə ˈtɪpɪkəli əˈplaɪz tɪ ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz, bət kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi juzd tɪ kip kəˈnɛktɪd ˈviɪkəl ˈsɪstəmz ˈkɑrənt. ɪt ɪz kwaɪt ˈpɑsəbəl ðət kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˈvərʒənz əv ˈoʊtə wɪl ˈimərʤ ɛz ðə ˈɪndəstri məˈʧʊrz ðə ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv dɪˈvɛləpər wɪl si ˌɑpərˈtunəti hir. ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ kip ðɛr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd məst bi ə ˈkruʃəl pɑrt əv ðə dɪˈzaɪn ˈprɔˌsɛs fər dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən speɪs. fɔrst, ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˈoʊtə ˈəpˌdeɪts ɪz haʊ ðeɪ wɪl əˈkɑmplɪʃ ðɪs. ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri kəmˈplaɪəns ɪn 2015 ðə juz. haʊs pæst ðə spaɪ kɑr ækt, wɪʧ kəmˈpɛlz ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈhaɪˌweɪ ˈtræfɪk ˈseɪfti ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən (nhtsa*) tɪ ɪˈnækt rulz ˈgəvərnɪŋ ˌɔtəmoʊˈbil ˈsaɪbər sɪˈkjʊrəti. ðə ˈpərpəs əv ðə bɪl ɪz tɪ ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈmeɪkərz əv ˌɔtəmoʊˈbilz soʊld ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts tɪ prəˈtɛkt kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˈdætə. waɪl ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt həz əˈdɑptəd rulz ðət ˈfoʊkɪs mɔr ɔn ˈdraɪvər ˈdætə ˈpraɪvəsi, ðə groʊɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv kəˈnɛktɪd kɑz wɪl, noʊ daʊt, rɪˈzəlt ɪn mɔr ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən baɪ ˈneɪʃənz əraʊnd ðə wərld. ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz eɪmd æt ˌɔtəmoʊˈbil ˈmeɪkərz wɪl, ɪn tərn, əˈfɛkt ðə əkˈsɛptəns rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ðət ˈmeɪkərz ɪˈstæblɪʃ fər boʊθ ˈpɑrti ənd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. dɪˈvɛləpərz ˌɪnˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ wɪn ˈɔtoʊˌmeɪkər əkˈsɛptəns fər ðɛr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz wɪl kip ə kin aɪ ɔn juz. ənd ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ðət spiks tɪ kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˈdætə sɪˈkjʊrəti. ˈdætə ˈpraɪvəsi əˈpɑrt frəm ˌwəˈtɛvər ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən rɪkˈwaɪrmənts meɪ əˈfɛkt kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˈdætə prəˈtɛkʃən, dɪˈvɛləpərz hæv ə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ˈpərsənz hu juz ðɛr kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. kənˈsumərz ər mɔr ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ðən ˈɛvər tɪ θrɛts ðət kən ˈʤɛpərˌdaɪz ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl ˈdætə, ənd kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr tɛkˈnɑləʤi məst wɪn ðɛr ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪf ɪt ɪz tɪ səkˈsid. wɛˈnɛvər ə kəˈnɛktɪd ˈviɪkəl æp rikˈwaɪərz ər əˈlaʊz ə ˈjuzər tɪ ˈɛnər ˈpərsɪnəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən məst bi prəˈtɛktɪd. səʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˌɪnˈkludz: ˈpərsənəli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪəbəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, səʧ ɛz neɪm, ˈæˌdrɛs, ənd foʊn ˈnəmbər əˈkaʊnt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər kəˈnɛktɪd ˈviɪkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈbæŋkɪŋ ər ˈəðər ˈpeɪmənt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈɛni ˈəðər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðə ˈjuzər kʊd ˌriəˈlɪstɪkli bi ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ wɔnt tɪ kip ˈpraɪvət ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ kip ˈpərsɪnəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən sɪˈkjʊr ɪz tɪ nɑt rɪkˈwɛst ɪt, ər ˈivɪn əˈlaʊ ɪt tɪ bi ˈɛnərd ˈɪntu ən æp, ənˈlɛs ɪt ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ðə ˈjuzər ðə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈsərvɪs ðeɪ dɪˈzaɪər. ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət məst bi ækˈsɛptɪd ʃʊd bi sɪˈkjʊrd wɪn ˈprɑsɛst baɪ ðə æp, ənd ɪnˈkrɪptɪd waɪl ɪn ˈtrænzɪt ənd wɪn stɔrd æt ðə ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən. aɪˈdili, səm fɔrm əv ʃʊd bi juzd tɪ ˈpraɪvət ˈdætə sɪˈkjʊr. ˈkipɪŋ ˈpərsɪnəl ˈdætə sɪˈkjʊr waɪl ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ˈjuzərz tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪz ə ˈbælənsɪŋ ækt, tɪ bi ʃʊr. bət fər dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈwɪʃɪŋ tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ˈɔtoʊˌmeɪkərz ənd ðɛr ˈkəstəmərz, ɪt ɪz ən ækt ðeɪ məst ˈmæstər. əˈtæk ˈkæpʧər riˈtɛnʃən əˈtæk ˈɛvədəns ˈkæpʧər ɪz ə ˈkɑnsɛpt ðət ɪz ˌənfəˈmɪljər tɪ ˈmɛni dɪˈvɛləpərz, fər ɪt həz hæd ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ənˈtɪl naʊ. ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt ˌɪnˈvɑlvz kəˈlɛktɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl ˈdætə frəm ə ˈsɪstəm ənd ˈstɔrɪŋ ðət ˈdætə fər ˈkɔzəl æˈnælɪsɪs ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnt əv ə ˈsɪstəm ˈfeɪljər. θɪŋk ˈɛˌrlaɪn blæk bɑks fər ˈviɪkəlz. ˈæˌkʧuəli, sɪns 2015 ɔl nu ˈviɪkəlz soʊld ɪn ðə juz. hæv bɪn rikˈwaɪərd tɪ hæv ə ˈviɪkəl ɪˈvɛnt ˈdætə rɪˈkɔrdər, ər, fər rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ˈsərtən ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˈviɪkəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən. səʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kən bi juzd baɪ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz wɪn ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ən ˈæksədənt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə dɪz, ˌɪnˈdid, ˈrɛkərd ə greɪt dil əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈviɪkəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ spid, ˌækˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən, ənd ˈviɪkəl ˈɑkjəpənsi, tɪ neɪm ə fju, ɪt ɪz nɑt ɑr ˈfoʊkɪs. wi ʤɪst ˈwɔntɪd ju tɪ noʊ ɪt wɑz ðɛr. ˈɛvədəns ˈkæpʧər, ɛz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˈsɔfˌwɛr, həz wən ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpərpəs: tɪ ˈkæpʧər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ə ˈsaɪbər əˈtæk ɔn ðə ˈviɪkəl ˈsɪstəmz ər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. ðɪs ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, bɪˈkəz wɪn (nɑt ɪf) ˈsaɪbər əˈtæks əˈkər, ðə rɪˈspɑns ˈɔtoʊˌmeɪkərz ənd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ˈvɛndərz teɪk məst ˌɪnˈklud ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ɪgˈzæktli haʊ ðə briʧ əˈkərd soʊ ðət ðə ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪti kən bi kloʊzd kˈwɪkli. ə ˌfɔˈrɛnsɪk æˈnælɪsɪs əv ɔl ˈrɛləvənt ˈdætə ɪz ðə moʊst rɪˈlaɪəbəl weɪ tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ haʊ ən əˈtæk wɑz ˈpərpəˌtreɪtɪd. ðə nid tɪ rɪˈteɪn ˈsərtən ˈdætə fər ðɪs ˈpərpəs prəˈvaɪdz tu ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ðə ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv dɪˈvɛləpər: prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ðət ˌɪnˈklud ˈɛvədəns ˈkæpʧər ɛz ə ˈbɪlˌtɪn ˈfiʧər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ər ˈɛvədəns ˈkæpʧər səˈluʃənz ˈɔtoʊˌmeɪkərz wɪl ʃoʊ ˈfeɪvər tɪ dɪˈvɛləpərz huz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ˌɪnˈklud ðɪs ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti. ˈhævɪŋ jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən prəˈvaɪd ðə ˈdɔrˌweɪ tɪ ə əˈtæk ɔn ðə ˈviɪkəl ˈsɪstəmz wʊd bi bæd ɪˈnəf. wərs, stɪl, wʊd bi ˈhævɪŋ noʊ fər ðə ɪˈvɛnts ðət lɛd tɪ ðə əˈtæk. ə greɪt ˌɑpərˈtunəti ɪgˈzɪsts fər dɪˈvɛləpərz ðət kən kriˈeɪt səˈluʃənz ðət kən bi ˌɪnˈstɔld ɔn ˌtɛləˈmætɪks ˈplætˌfɔrmz, ər ðət kən bi ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd wɪθ ˈplætˌfɔrmz. səʧ ə səˈluʃən maɪt ˈrɛkərd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈdætə ˈtrænsfərz, ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈtræfɪk, dɪˈvaɪs kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən, ənd ˈəðər ˈdætə ðət kən bi juzd tɪ ˌrikənˈstrəkt ðə ɪˈvɛnts ðət prɪˈsidɪd ən əˈtæk. ðə ˈdætə riˈtɛnʃən ˈpɪriəd kʊd bi ˈmɪnəts ər aʊərz, ər ˈivɪn deɪz, bət dɪz nɑt nid tɪ bi ˈlɔŋˈtərm. ˈkipɪŋ ðə ˈdætə stɔr, ˌɪtˈsɛlf, sɪˈkjʊr frəm ˈhækərz wʊd bi ə ˈʧælənʤɪz ðət wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ nid tɪ bi əˈdrɛst. ðə klaʊd wʊd bi ən aɪˈdil ˈplætˌfɔrm fər səʧ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. haʊ ˌɪgˈnaɪt kən hɛlp? wɪθ ðə kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˌrɛvəˈluʃən kəmz nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈlukrətɪv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər dɪˈvɛləpərz, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈʧælənʤ tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ðɛr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈsaɪbər əˈtæk. rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ boʊθ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ənd ˈʧælənʤɪz ɪn ðɪs nu ˈmɑrkɪt wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ə juˈnik ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv skɪlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌɛkspərˈtiz ɪn ˌɔtəˈmoʊtɪv tɛkˈnɑləʤi,, ənd ˈsaɪbər sɪˈkjʊrəti. nɑt ɔl ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt fərmz hæv wət ɪt teɪks. ðət ɪz waɪ tɛkˈnɑləʤi prəˈvaɪdərz əraʊnd ðə wərld ˈpɑrtnər wɪθ ˌɪgˈnaɪt fər ðɛr ˌaʊtˈsɔrs dɪˈvɛləpmənt nidz. wi hæv timz əv ˈɛkspərts ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn læbz əˈkrɔs ˈjʊrəp. wi ər ˈspɛʃəlɪsts ɪn ˌɔtəˈmoʊtɪv tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ˈɪntərˌnɛt əv θɪŋz, ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti əv ˈdætə ənd ˈnɛtˌwərks. ɪf jʊr kəˈnɛktɪd kɑr ˈprɑʤɛkt nidz ə dɪˈvɛləpər tɪ brɪŋ ɪt tɪ laɪf, ənd tɪ ˈmɑrkɪt, waɪ nɑt ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈjuˈɛs təˈdeɪ fər ə ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən?

the automobile industry is poised for its first technological revolution. unlike any previous automotive advancement, connected car technology will soon change the very purpose of the vehicle. rather than merely taking us from point a to point b, vehicles will now be capable of ordering our meals — and paying for them, scheduling their own repairs at the service center, and even communicating with iot-enabled devices within our homes. but the new generation of automobiles come with some potentially deadly cargo: the potential for connected car hacking. industry forecasts estimate that more than 150 million connected cars will be on the road by 2020. as automakers roll out the new generation of internet-enabled vehicles, connected car cyber security is among their chief concerns. and rightly so. as we have seen, no personal computer, no mobile device, no corporate network, and no government agency is immune from cyber attack. what makes us expect connected vehicles will be any more secure? technology-wise, they aren’t. if anything, the sheer newness of connected car technology makes such systems more vulnerable now than they will ever be. to meet the challenges of automotive cyber security, automakers are partnering with oem vendors and 3rd party developers to address the issues. as with any technology still in its infancy, requirements for connected car oem platforms and smartphone applications are rapidly evolving. in this article we will explore five requirements that developers must be prepared to meet in order to penetrate this lucrative new market. bluetooth hardening the prevalence of bluetooth connectivity, even before vehicles had onboard iot systems, makes it a prime target for cyber criminals. hackers already understand bluetooth, and they know how to exploit its vulnerabilities. with each version increment comes both advances and compromises, with security often taking back seat to speed, reduced power, and other features. take the newest version, 5.0, for example. it offers twice the speed and four times the range of v4.2. that’s good for expanded functionality and improved performance, but bad for security. unlike earlier versions, which were designed to be slow, short-range data channels, the new version will extend the range at which a hacker can access the device, and allow them to transfer malicious code, or download private data, faster than ever. have an automotive project in mind? we are here to discuss. contact us the increased speed and range of bluetooth 5.0, and a broadcast capacity boost of 800%, put it in direct competition with wifi technology for connecting iot devices in the home. even though many connected vehicles will include their own wifi hotspot, bluetooth is certain to dominate car-to-device connections. the primary risk bluetooth poses to connected cars is that hackers can use device-to-device connections in order to access deeper connected-car systems. the challenge for developers, then, is to develop a love-hate relationship with bluetooth. they must use new bluetooth features and capabilities to empower their applications, while ruthlessly seeking out vulnerabilities and closing them quickly. for developers wishing to develop bluetooth applications for the connected car industry, working familiarity with new bluetooth specifications is not enough. they must know them well enough to be able to close vulnerabilities. moreover, developing secure applications will also require staying on top of current research into bluetooth vulnerabilities. over the air (ota) updates keeping any computerized system secure begins with keeping operating systems and software current. this is no less true for the connected car. nevertheless, expecting owners to bring their vehicles into the shop for updates is not the way to keep their vehicle iot/oem systems updated. neither is it practical to assume that drivers will download updates and install them on their own. the number of xp machines still in operation prove that isn’t going to happen. the only feasible way to keep connected vehicle platforms and applications updated is to use over-the-air, or ota technology, where updates are downloaded wirelessly. ota typically applies to mobile devices, but can also be used to keep connected vehicle systems current. it is quite possible that connected car versions of ota will emerge as the industry matures — the innovative developer will see opportunity here. the responsibility to keep their applications updated must be a crucial part of the design process for developers entering the connected car application space. forced, automatic ota updates is how they will accomplish this. regulatory compliance in 2015. the u.s. house passed the spy car act, which compels the national highway traffic safety administration (nhtsa) to enact rules governing automobile cyber security. the purpose of the bill is to require makers of automobiles sold in the united states to protect connected car data. while the european parliament has adopted rules that focus more on driver data privacy, the growing number of connected cars will, no doubt, result in more far-reaching legislation by nations around the world. regulations aimed at automobile makers will, in turn, affect the acceptance requirements that makers establish for both 3rd party and oem applications. developers intending to win automaker acceptance for their applications will keep a keen eye on u.s. and european legislation that speaks to connected car data security. data privacy apart from whatever legislation requirements may affect connected car data protection, developers have a responsibility to protect the personal information of persons who use their connected car applications. consumers are more sensitive than ever to threats that can jeopardize their personal data, and connected car technology must win their confidence if it is to succeed. whenever a connected vehicle app requires or allows a user to enter personal information, that information must be protected. such information includes: personally identifiable information, such as name, address, and phone number account information for connected vehicle cloud-based services banking or other payment information medical information any other information the user could realistically be expected to want to keep private the best way to keep personal information secure is to not request it, or even allow it to be entered into an app, unless it is necessary for providing the user the particular service they desire. information that must be accepted should be secured when processed by the app, and encrypted while in transit and when stored at the destination. ideally, some form of tokenization should be used to private data secure. keeping personal data secure while enabling users to access services is a balancing act, to be sure. but for developers wishing to satisfy automakers and their customers, it is an act they must master. attack capture retention attack evidence capture is a concept that is unfamiliar to many developers, for it has had limited applications until now. the concept involves collecting operational data from a system and storing that data for causal analysis in the event of a system failure. think airline black box for vehicles. actually, since 2015, all new vehicles sold in the u.s. have been required to have a vehicle event data recorder, or edr, for recording certain information on vehicle operation. such information can be used by insurance companies and law enforcement agencies when investigating an accident. although the edr does, indeed, record a great deal of information about the vehicle, including speed, acceleration, and vehicle occupancy, to name a few, it is not our focus. we just wanted you to know it was there. evidence capture, as related to connected car software, has one primary purpose: to capture information related to a cyber attack on the vehicle systems or applications. this is important, because when (not if) cyber attacks occur, the response automakers and applications vendors take must include recognizing exactly how the breach occurred so that the vulnerability can be closed quickly. a forensic analysis of all relevant data is the most reliable way to identify how an attack was perpetrated. the need to retain certain data for this purpose provides two opportunities for the innovative developer: providing applications that include evidence capture as a built-in feature developing stand-alone or oem-integrated evidence capture solutions automakers will show favor to developers whose applications include this capability. having your application provide the doorway to a full-on attack on the vehicle systems would be bad enough. worse, still, would be having no traceability for the events that lead to the attack. a great opportunity exists for developers that can create solutions that can be installed on smartphone-based telematics platforms, or that can be integrated with oem platforms. such a solution might record information related to ongoing data transfers, network traffic, device configuration, and other data that can be used to reconstruct the events that preceded an attack. the data retention period could be minutes or hours, or even days, but does not need to be long-term. keeping the data store, itself, secure from hackers would be a challenges that would also need to be addressed. the cloud would be an ideal platform for such applications. how ignite can help? with the connected car revolution comes not only lucrative opportunities for developers, but also the challenge to defend their applications against cyber attack. responding to both opportunities and challenges in this new market will require a unique combination of skills, including expertise in automotive technology, iot, and cyber security. not all software development firms have what it takes. that is why technology providers around the world partner with ignite for their outsource development needs. we have teams of experts working in r&d labs across europe. we are specialists in automotive technology, internet of things, and security of data and networks. if your connected car project needs a developer to bring it to life, and to market, why not contact us today for a no-cost consultation?

ˈwɪmən hu prɪˈfər ˈfɪzɪkəli ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl ənd ˈdɑmənənt meɪts (ppfdm*) tɛnd tɪ fil mɔr æt rɪsk əv kraɪm rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ər rɪsk ˈfæktərz ˈprɛzənt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrisərʧ frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈlɛstər. ˈpriviəs ˈrisərʧ səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈwɪmən hu groʊ əp ɪn ˈɛriəz ənd pərˈsiv ðeɪ ər æt rɪsk əv ˈkrɪmənəl faɪnd ˈdɑmənənt mɛn mɔr əˈpilɪŋ, pərˈhæps bɪˈkəz əv ðə prəˈtɛkʃən ðeɪ kən ˈɔfər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈlɛstər tim səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈwɪmən hu ər əˈtræktəd tɪ ˈdɑmənənt mɛn ˈʤɛnərəli fil mɔr æt rɪsk əv, ˈivɪn wɪn ðɛr rɪsk əv ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli loʊ. ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi ˈrisərʧər ˈhænə ˈraɪdər frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv nˈjʊroʊˌsaɪəns, saɪˈkɑləʤi ənd bɪˈheɪvjər, ɪkˈspleɪnd: əˈpɪrz tɪ bi əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈwɪmənz ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪti. ˈwɪmən wɪθ strɔŋ fil ˈrɛlətɪvli mɔr æt rɪsk, ˈfɪrfəl, ənd ˈvəlnərəbəl tɪ ˈkrɪmənəl kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðɛr ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈwɛðər ðɛr ər ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənəl rɪsk ˈfæktərz ˈprɛzənt. "ɑr ˈrisərʧ səˈʤɛsts ðət ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈfilɪŋz əv ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪti, ɛz ˈmɛʒərd baɪ fɪr əv kraɪm, ənd ˈwɪmənz ˈprɛfərəns fər ˈfɪzɪkəli ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl ənd ˈdɑmənənt meɪts ɪz ˈsteɪbəl, ənd dɪz nɑt ˈəpˌdeɪt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ər ˈrɛlətɪv ˈlɛvəl əv prəˈtɛkʃən ˈnidɪd." ðə ˈstədi ˌɪnˈvɑlvd əˈsɛsɪŋ ˈwɛðər ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin fɪr əv kraɪm ənd wɑz haɪər fər kraɪmz ðət kɔz ˈrɛlətɪvli haɪər ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl peɪn, səʧ ɛz ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt. əˈkrɔs tu ˈstədiz ɪn ðə læb ənd fild, ˈwɪmən əbˈzərvd ˈɪmɪʤɪz ənd ril laɪf ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz ðət ˈvɛrid ɪn ðə rɪsk əv kraɪm, səʧ ɛz kraɪm ənd safespots*, ənd wər æst tɪ reɪt ðɛr pərˈsivd rɪsk əv ə ˈmɛʒər əv fɪr əv kraɪm əv ˈvɛriəs kraɪmz. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludɪd meɪl ənd ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈpərpəˌtreɪtɪd ˈfɪzɪkəl əˈsɔlt ənd ˈrɑbəri ənd reɪp. ɪn boʊθ ˈstədiz, ðə ˈrisərʧ tim ˈɔlsoʊ ədˈmɪnɪstərd ə skeɪl ðət ˈmɛʒərd ˈwɪmənz, ənd əˈsɛst ðə əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˈwɪmənz skɔr ənd ðɛr rɪsk pərˈsɛpʃən skɔrz. ðə ˈstədi faʊnd ðət ˈwɪmənz fɪr əv kraɪm sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈdɪfərd ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ kraɪm kjuz fər ɪgˈzæmpəl loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd taɪm əv deɪ ənd ðət ˈoʊvərˌɔl fɪr əv kraɪm wɑz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ənd fɪr dɪd nɑt ˈvɛri ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ rɪsk ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ˈpərpəˌtreɪtər ˈʤɛndər, ər kraɪm taɪp, səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ðə ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin pərˈsivd rɪsk əv ənd ər ˈʤɛnərəl ɪn ˈneɪʧər. ðə ˈrisərʧ wɑz ˈəndərˌteɪkən ɛz pɑrt əv ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi ˈprɑʤɛkt æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈlɛstər ənd wɑz ˈfəndɪd baɪ ə saɪˈkɑləʤi əˈfɛrz grup (psypag*) ˈrisərʧ grænt. ˈstədi ˌɪnˈklud ˈdɑktər ˈhɛðər floʊ frəm ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ˈdɑktər ʤɑn ˈmæltbi ənd rɑi frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈlɛstər ənd ˈdɑktər fɪl ʤoʊnz frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm. ðə ˈstədi, 'ˈwɪmənz fɪr əv kraɪm ənd ˈprɛfərəns fər ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl meɪts: haʊ spɪˈsɪfɪk ər ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz?' ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl ˌɛvəˈluʃən ənd ˈjumən bɪˈheɪvjər.

women who prefer physically formidable and dominant mates (ppfdm) tend to feel more at risk of crime regardless of the situation or risk factors present, according to research from the university of leicester. previous research suggests that women who grow up in high-crime areas and perceive they are at risk of criminal victimisation find dominant men more appealing, perhaps because of the protection they can offer. however, the university of leicester team suggests that women who are attracted to dominant men generally feel more at risk of victimisation, even when their risk of victimisation is actually low. phd researcher hannah ryder from the university of leicester's department of neuroscience, psychology and behaviour, explained: "ppfdm appears to be associated with women's self-assessed vulnerability. women with strong ppfdm feel relatively more at risk, fearful, and vulnerable to criminal victimisation compared to their counterparts, regardless of whether there are situational risk factors present. "our research suggests that the relationship between feelings of vulnerability, as measured by fear of crime, and women's preference for physically formidable and dominant mates is stable, and does not update according to environmental circumstances or relative level of protection needed." the study involved assessing whether the relationship between fear of crime and ppfdm was higher for crimes that cause relatively higher physical and psychological pain, such as sexual assault. across two studies in the lab and field, women observed images and real life situations that varied in the risk of crime, such as crime hotspots and safespots, and were asked to rate their perceived risk of victimisation - a measure of fear of crime - of various crimes. this included male - and female - perpetrated physical assault and robbery and male-perpetrated rape. in both studies, the research team also administered a scale that measured women's ppfdm, and assessed the association between women's ppfdm score and their risk perception scores. the study found that women's fear of crime significantly differed in response to crime cues - for example location and time of day - and that overall fear of crime was related to ppfdm. however, the relationship between ppfdm and fear did not vary in relation to risk situation, perpetrator gender, or crime type, suggesting that the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between perceived risk of victimisation and ppfdm are general in nature. the research was undertaken as part of hannah's phd project at the university of leicester and was funded by a psychology postgraduate affairs group (psypag) research grant. study co-authors include dr heather flowe from loughborough university, dr john maltby and lovedeep rai from the university of leicester and dr phil jones from the university of birmingham. the study, 'women's fear of crime and preference for formidable mates: how specific are the underlying psychological mechanisms?' published in the journal evolution and human behaviour.

əv ɔl ðə ˈθɪriz ədˈvænst ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ waɪ ðə ˈkæθlɪk ˈpristhʊd əˈtrækts soʊ ˈmɛni jəŋ geɪ mɛn, ðɪs ɪz ðə moʊst ˈvælɪd: ɪt ɪz ə dɪˈrɛkt ˈkɑnsəkwəns əv ðə ˈʧərʧəz əˈfɪʃəl ˈætəˌtud tɪ ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈæləˌti ənd ðə weɪ ðət ðɪs həz ˌɪnˈsɪnjueɪtɪd ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈɪntu ðə ˈfæbrɪk əv wət wi maɪt kɔl ə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈkæθlɪk ˈfæməli wɪθ ɪts ruts ɪn ˈaɪərlənd. ɪn səʧ ən ˈəpˌbrɪŋɪŋ ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈæləˌti ɪz stɪl ˈtritɪd ɛz ðə səm əv ɔl sɪnz. ˈkæθlɪk ˈfæməliz lɔŋ əˈgoʊ faʊnd ə weɪ əv ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ əˈbɔrʃən, ˌɛkstrəˈmɛrətəl sɛks ənd dɪˈvɔrs, ðə ˈəðər θri ˈhɔrsmən əv ðə ˈkæθlɪk əˈpɑkəˌlɪps, wɛˈnɛvər ðeɪ əˈkərd kloʊz tɪ hoʊm, bət nɑt ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈæləˌti. ðə ˈəðərz kʊd ɔl bi ˈprɑsɛst ənd ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz ˈvɛri ˈjumən ˈfeɪlɪŋz ˈstɛmɪŋ frəm ðə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈɪnstɪŋkt əv ˈfɪzɪkəl dɪˈzaɪər ənd ɑr nid fər əˈfɛkʃən ənd ləv. ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈvərʧuz əv ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ, kəmˈpæʃən ənd fərˈgɪvnəs ər bɪlt tɪ ˈaʊˌtlæst ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ʃɑk ənd hərt ɪn ðiz "əkˈsɛptəbəl" ˈmɔrəl ˈfeɪlɪŋz. nɑt soʊ ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈæləˌti. fər haʊ ˈmɛni ˈkæθlɪk ˈpɛrənts hæv ˈsikrɪtli preɪd ðət ðɛr sən "dɪz nɑt tərn aʊt geɪ" ər əbˈsɛs əˈbaʊt ðɛr rɪˈspɑns ɪf ðə ˈɛldəst bɔɪ ʃoʊz noʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈfʊtˌbɔl ənd ˌɪnˈsɪsts ɔn ˈteɪkɪŋ ə ʃaʊər ˈɛvəri deɪ ənd baɪɪŋ ɔl hɪz oʊn kloʊðz? ðə ˈʧərʧəz ˈpæstərəl kɛr ənd ˈgaɪdəns fər ɪts oʊn geɪ kəmˈjunɪti ɪz ˌnɑnəgˈzɪstənt. ˈkæθlɪk geɪz ər ɪn maɪ ʧərʧ; ðeɪ ər "lɔs desaparecidos*" ənd wən deɪ ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs wɪl bi kɔld tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər haʊ wi hæv ˈtritɪd ðɛm. ðə ʧərʧ həz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ seɪ tɪ ə ʧaɪld rɪrd ɪn ðiz ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ənd hu ɪz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ ɪnˈkaʊnər ˈɪʃuz wɪθ hɪz ˈsɛkʃuəl aɪˈdɛntəˌti. ənd soʊ, baɪ ə pərˈvərs ˈaɪrəni, ðə ˈkæθlɪk ˈpristhʊd bɪˈkəmz ə ˈvaɪəbəl ˈɔpʃən fər ɪm. fər wət ˈbɛtər weɪ tɪ səbˈmərʤ jʊr "ˈprɑbləm ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti" ðən baɪ kəˈmɪtɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf tɪ ə laɪf əv ˈsɛləbəsi ənd ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əv rɪˈflɛkʃən ɔn ðə ˈbərdən ðət gɑd həz dimd ju məst bɛr fər jʊr rɪˈdɛmʃən ənd hɪz ˈglɔri? ˈniðər əv ðiz, ðoʊ, ɪkˈspleɪnz waɪ ə ʧərʧ wɪʧ həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈheɪvən fər ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl mɛn həz bɪˈkəm soʊ əbˈsɛsɪv əˈbaʊt ˈwɔrnɪŋ ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv geɪ sɛks. ˈkɑrdɪnəl kiθ oʊˈbraɪɪn, ˈbrɪtənz moʊst ˈsinjər ˈkæθlɪk ˈklɛrɪk, həz bɪn əˈkjuzd əv "ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt bɪˈheɪvjər" təˈwɔrdz fɔr prists, ˈstrɛʧɪŋ bæk jɪrz. ðəs fɑr hi həz rɪfˈjuzd tɪ "dɪˈnaɪ" ðə kleɪmz, ˈmɪrli tɪ "ˈkɑntɛst" ðɛm. ðə prɛs ˈɔfəs fər ðə ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ ɪn ˈskɑtlənd, baɪ weɪ əv ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən, ˈleɪmli ˌɪnˈsɪsts ðət ðə ˈkɑrdɪnəl dɪz nɑt noʊ ðə aɪˈdɛntəˌti əv hɪz əˈkjuzərz, nɔr ðə ˈditeɪlz əv wɪʧ hi ɪz biɪŋ əˈkjuzd. həz səʧ bɪˈheɪvjər əˈkərd soʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz ðət ðə ˈkɑrdɪnəl ˈsɪmpli həz ˈtrəbəl rɪˈkɔlɪŋ spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɪnstənsɪz? ər maɪt hi ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli θɪŋk ðət wət ðə prists dɪˈskraɪb ɛz "ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt bɪˈheɪvjər" wɑz ˈmɪrli ə ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ ərˈaɪzɪŋ frəm ən ɪnˈkaʊnər wɪθ ən ənd ˈtækˌtaɪl bɔs? ðə ˈsələn "noʊ ˈkɑmɛnts" ənd "aɪ kænt hɛlp ju" ər ˈkjʊriəs, tu. ðɪs ɪz ən ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ðət həz bɪˈkəm ðə ˈʧərʧəz də ˈfæktoʊ witchfinder-generals*, ˈɛvər ˈvɪʤələnt fər ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv ˈæntikəˈθɔləˌsɪzəm ənd ˈnɛvər ˈmɪsɪŋ ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ pɔrˈtreɪ ðɪs ˈkəntri ɛz ˈbɪgətɪd ənd ˈbækwərd. laɪk ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈhaɪˌrɑrki əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ, ðeɪ ər ɪn kəmˈplit dɪˈnaɪəl əˈbaʊt ə ˈkəlʧər əv ˈsɛkʃuəl dɪsˈfəŋkʃən ðət həz bɪn ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ æt ɪts kɔr fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈdɛkeɪdz. ˈhɑrdli ə jɪr ˈpæsɪz wɪˈθaʊt ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv groʊˈtɛsk ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər, boʊθ ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl ənd ˌhɛtəroʊˈsɛkˌʃuəl, baɪ ə prist ər ˈbɪʃəp ɪn ðə ʧərʧ. ðə ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ʧərʧ ɪz ˌɪnˈkælkjələbəl. ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ læst wiks əbˈzərvər ˈstɔri, ðə hɪˈstɔriən tɑm dəˈvaɪn, ə ˈkæθlɪk, dɪˈskraɪbd ɪt ɛz ðə ˈʧərʧəz ˈbɪgəst ˈkraɪsəs sɪns ðə ˌrɛfərˈmeɪʃən. ɪt minz ðət ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ həz lɔst ɔl əˈθɔrəti tɪ spik ɔn ˈmætərz əv ˈjumən riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ənˈtɪl ɪt æt list ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ðə rut əv ðə ˈprɑbləm. kwaɪt ˈsɪmpli, ðə ˈkæθlɪk ˈhaɪˌrɑrki ɪn ˈskɑtlənd ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər fɪt fər ˈpərpəs. ɪt ˈhæzənt bɪn fər ə lɔŋ taɪm naʊ: ɪts dɪˈfɔlt pəˈzɪʃən ɪz dɪˈnaɪəl ənd kənˈsilmənt ˌbiˈfɔr əˈkjuzɪŋ ɪts ˈkrɪtɪks əv biɪŋ ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd baɪ ˈbɪgətri. ðə ˈvætɪkən sɪz ɪt wɪl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðə kəmˈpleɪnts əv ðə ˈkɑrdɪnəlz əˈkjuzərz. aɪ hæv ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl feɪθ ðət ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri kənˈdəktəd ɪn əˈnəðər ˈkəntri ənd əv ˌɪndɪˈtərmɪnɪt ˈligəl ˈstrəkʧər ənd ˈəndər ðə əˈθɔrəti əv əˈnəðər oʊld mæn ɪn roʊm aɪˈdɛntəˌti, ɛz jɛt, ənˈnoʊn wɪl dɪˈlɪvər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ rɪˈzɛmbəlɪŋ ə ʤɪst ˈaʊtˌkəm. ˈnəθɪŋ lɛs ðən ə ˌfʊlˈskeɪl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˈstrəkʧər ənd ˈlidərˌʃɪp əv ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ wɪl səˈfaɪs tɪ bɪˈgɪn ðə tæsk əv rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ɪts lɔst əˈθɔrəti. ðə kəˈmɪʃən tɪ ˈoʊvərˌsi ðɪs məst bi ˈhɛdɪd baɪ ən ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈkɑrdɪnəl əv ˌɪmˈpɛkəbəl ˈkɛrɪktər ənd məst kəmˈpraɪz ˈklərʤi ənd leɪ ˈpipəl ɪn ˈikwəl ˈmɛʒər. ɛz ə ˈmætər əv ˈərʤənsi, ðə nu poʊp məst ɪkˈstɛnd ðə gɪft əv ˈmɛrɪʤ tɪ ɔl ˈpristhʊd ˈkænədɪts. ˈfeɪljər tɪ du ðət wɪl min, ɪn lɛs ðən ə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən, ə ˈpristhʊd kəmˈpraɪzd ˈsoʊəli əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmɪsˌfɪts ənd ˈiˌmoʊʃnəli ˈdæmɪʤd ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz frəm ˌriˈæləˌti. ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈkæθlɪks hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈsɛsəntli ˈgroʊsli bɪˈtreɪd baɪ ðə ˈkæθlɪk ˈhaɪˌrɑrki. ɪt ɪz taɪm wi ˌɪgˈnɔrd ðə ˈwikli kəˈlɛkʃən pleɪt ənˈtɪl wi rɪˈsiv səm ˈænsərz.

of all the theories advanced explaining why the catholic priesthood attracts so many young gay men, this is the most valid: it is a direct consequence of the church's official attitude to homosexuality and the way that this has insinuated itself into the fabric of what we might call a traditional catholic family with its roots in ireland. in such an upbringing homosexuality is still treated as the sum of all sins. catholic families long ago found a way of dealing with abortion, extramarital sex and divorce, the other three horsemen of the catholic apocalypse, whenever they occurred close to home, but not homosexuality. the others could all be processed and interpreted as very human failings stemming from the powerful instinct of physical desire and our need for affection and love. the christian virtues of understanding, compassion and forgiveness are built to outlast initial shock and hurt in these "acceptable" moral failings. not so homosexuality. for how many catholic parents have secretly prayed that their son "does not turn out gay" or obsess about their response if the eldest boy shows no interest in football and insists on taking a shower every day and buying all his own clothes? the church's pastoral care and guidance for its own gay community is nonexistent. catholic gays are non-people in my church; they are "los desaparecidos" and one day many of us will be called to account for how we have treated them. the church has nothing to say to a child reared in these circumstances and who is beginning to encounter issues with his sexual identity. and so, by a perverse irony, the catholic priesthood becomes a viable option for him. for what better way to submerge your "problem sexuality" than by committing yourself to a life of celibacy and a lifetime of reflection on the burden that god has deemed you must bear for your redemption and his glory? neither of these, though, explains why a church which has become a haven for homosexual men has become so obsessive about warning the rest of us about the dangers of gay sex. cardinal keith o'brien, britain's most senior catholic cleric, has been accused of "inappropriate behaviour" towards four priests, stretching back 30-odd years. thus far he has refused to "deny" the claims, merely to "contest" them. the press office for the catholic church in scotland, by way of explanation, lamely insists that the cardinal does not know the identity of his accusers, nor the details of which he is being accused. has such behaviour occurred so many times that the cardinal simply has trouble recalling specific instances? or might he genuinely think that what the priests describe as "inappropriate behaviour" was merely a misunderstanding arising from an encounter with an over-affectionate and tactile boss? the sullen "no comments" and "i can't help you" are curious, too. this is an organisation that has become the church's de facto witchfinder-generals, ever vigilant for examples of anti-catholicism and never missing an opportunity to portray this country as bigoted and backward. like the entire hierarchy of the global catholic church, they are in complete denial about a culture of sexual dysfunction that has been operating at its core for several decades. hardly a year passes without an example of grotesque sexual behaviour, both homosexual and heterosexual, by a priest or bishop in the church. the damage to the church is incalculable. in response to last week's observer story, the historian tom devine, a catholic, described it as the church's biggest crisis since the reformation. it means that the scottish catholic church has lost all authority to speak on matters of human relationships until it at least recognises the root of the problem. quite simply, the catholic hierarchy in scotland is no longer fit for purpose. it hasn't been for a long time now: its default position is denial and concealment before accusing its critics of being motivated by bigotry. the vatican says it will investigate the complaints of the cardinal's accusers. i have very little faith that an inquiry conducted in another country and of indeterminate legal structure and under the authority of another old man in rome identity, as yet, unknown will deliver anything resembling a just outcome. nothing less than a full-scale investigation into the structure and leadership of the scottish catholic church will suffice to begin the task of recovering its lost authority. the commission to oversee this must be headed by an overseas cardinal of impeccable character and must comprise clergy and lay people in equal measure. as a matter of urgency, the new pope must extend the gift of marriage to all priesthood candidates. failure to do that will mean, in less than a generation, a priesthood comprised solely of social misfits and emotionally damaged refugees from reality. ordinary catholics have been incessantly grossly betrayed by the catholic hierarchy. it is time we ignored the weekly collection plate until we receive some answers.

ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz ˈoʊvər 1 jɪr oʊld ərˈɪʤənəli ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz ə ˈrɛlətɪv əv ti rɛks, æˈnælɪsɪs ʃoʊz bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt grup, wɪθ ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr ˈfæməli tri ən ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr wɪθ ðə ˌsɪləˈwɛt əv ə vəˈlɔsəˌræptər, huz rɪˈmeɪnz wər əˈnərθt ɪn ˈsəðərn ˈʧɪli 13 jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ɪz ə ˈmɪsɪŋ lɪŋk ɪn ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr ˌɛvəˈluʃən, ˈrisərʧərz hæv sɛd. ə rɪˈvaɪzd əˈsɛsmənt əv ðə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl baɪˈɑləʤi ˈlɛtərz, ˈboʊlstərz ə ˈθɪri ənˈveɪld ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr ðət θˈrɛtənz tɪ ə ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ɔl ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz. ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz wər ðə ˈmɑˌnɑrks əv ərθ fər jɪrz ənˈtɪl ə speɪs rɑk kəˈlaɪdɪd wɪθ ðə ˈplænət jɪrz əˈgoʊ ənd waɪpt aʊt ðoʊz kənˈfaɪnd tɪ lænd. ðə sərˈvaɪvərz, wɪʧ kʊd flaɪ, ər ðə dɪˈrɛkt ˈænˌsɛstər əv bərdz. ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli hɛlps fɪl ən ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri gæp bɪtˈwin tu bɪg ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr groups,”*,” sɛd pɔl ˈbɛrɪt, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ə ˈrisərʧər æt ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈhɪstəri mˈjuziəm. wɪn fərst pərˈzɛnəd tɪ ðə wərld ɪn 2015 dɪˈspaɪt ɪts ˈpɛnʧənt fər plænts wɑz ləmpt təˈgɛðər wɪθ, ðə əv ˈmiˌtitɪŋ ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz ðət nɑt ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈkludz bət tɪrænəˈsɔrəs rɛks, ðə ˈəltəmət ˈkɑrnɪˌvɔr. ˈɛkspərts ækˈnɑlɪʤd æt ðə taɪm, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ɪt wɑz ən ˈɔkwərd fɪt. wən dɪˈskraɪbd ðə bist ɛz moʊst bɪˈzɑr ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr ˈɛvər found.”*.” ən ˈəˌpraɪt ˈpɑsʧər, ˈpaʊərfəl haɪnd lɛgz ənd frənt lɪmz wər ɔl ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt əv. bət ən ˌɪnˈvərtɪd, hɪp ˈstrəkʧər ənd ˈflætənd, tiθ pruf əv ən ɪkˈsklusɪvli ˈvɛʤətəl daɪət səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ʃɛrd treɪts wɪθ əˈnəðər ˈmeɪʤər, ðə. haʊ wi rɪˈvild ə nu ˈfæməli tri fər ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz rɛd mɔr ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ˌɪnˈklud ˌtraɪˈsɛrəˌtɔps ənd ðə ˌstɛgəˈsɔrəs, wɪʧ ˈboʊstɪd lɑrʤ pleɪts əˈlɔŋ ɪts spaɪn ənd ə breɪn ðə saɪz əv ə ˈwɔlˌnət. ˌɪˈnɪʃəli lʊkt laɪk ən ˈərliər ˈɔfˌʃut əv ðə laɪn, bət ɪt simd səˈspɪʃəs ðət ɪt hæd ɔl ðiz ˌædəpˈteɪʃənz fər ˈitɪŋ plants,”*,” ˈbɛrɪt sɛd. ɪt lɪvd əˈbaʊt jɪrz əˈgoʊ, fɑr ˈərliər ðən ðə ˈhændˌfʊl əv noʊn tɪ hæv tərnd əˈweɪ frəm mit, hi ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt. tɪ ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ pleɪs ɪn ðə ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr ˈfæməli tri, ˈbɛrɪt ənd ˈmæθju ˈbɛrən əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ mɔr ðən 450 ˌænəˈtɑmɪkəl ˈfiʧərz əv ˈərli ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz. wət ðeɪ faʊnd kənˈfərmd ə hənʧ. ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ɪt wɑz nɑt ə streɪnʤ, ˈərli, bət ˈrəðər ə streɪnʤ ˈænəməl ðət wɑz ən ˈɔfˌʃut əv ðɪs ˈəðər grup, ornithischia,”*,” ˈbɛrɪt sɛd. ðə nu əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən həz ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz. fər moʊst əv ðə læst ˈsɛnʧəri, ˈɛkspərts hæv əˈgrid ðət wər mɔr ˈkloʊsli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ə θərd ˈmeɪʤər ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri brænʧ, ðə sauropods*, ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd bists səʧ ɛz ənd brachiosaurus*. bət ðə ʃoʊz ðət ðə ˈfɪrsəm ˈkɪlərz ˈəndər ðə ˈəmˌbrɛlə ʃɛrd, ɪn fækt, ə ˈgreɪtər əˈfɪnɪti wɪθ ðə ˈdɑsəl məˈnæʤəri. ðɪs wɑz ðə boʊld ˈθɪri ðət ˈbɛrən ənd ˈbɛrɪt, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈəðər ˈkɑligz, prəˈpoʊzd ɪn ə ˈlændˌmɑrk ˈstədi ˈpəblɪʃt læst mɑrʧ ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl ˈneɪʧər. wɑz ˈpʊtɪŋ ənd məʧ ˈkloʊzər təˈgɛðər, ənd ðɪs nu ˈænəməl hɛlps sɪˈmɛnt ðət relationship,”*,” ˈbɛrɪt ɪkˈspleɪnd. gɪvz ˈjuˈɛs mɔr ˈkɑnfədɛns ðət ðɪs riərˈeɪnʤmənt wɑz kərˈɛkt bɪˈkəz ɪt həz ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ˈfiʧərz faʊnd ɪn ðoʊz tu groups.”*.” ðə fərst ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr ˈimərʤd səm jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ðə nu ˈfaɪndɪŋz səˈpɔrt ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ənd ʃɛrd ə ˈkɑmən ˈænˌsɛstər ɛz ˈərli ɛz jɪrz əˈgoʊ. θraɪvd fər mɔr ðən 100 ˈmɪljən jɪrz, bət wər waɪpt aʊt wɪn ðə roʊg rɑk smæʃt ˈɪntu wət, təˈdeɪ ɪz ðə ˈjukəˌtæn pəˈnɪnsələ ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ. ðə ˌɪmˈpækt ˈprɑbəˌbli kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈmæsɪv ˈfaɪrˌstɔrm ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˈwɪntər ðət dɪˈstrɔɪd ˌvɛʤəˈteɪʃən, ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt ɪn ðə dinosaurs’*’ fud ʧeɪn. moʊst wər waɪpt aʊt tu, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈfɔˌrənərz əv ˈmɑdərn bərdz ˌpərsəˈvɪrd.

this article is over 1 year old originally classified as a relative of t rex, analysis shows chilesaurus belongs to a different dinosaurian group, with implications for the dinosaur family tree an unusual vegetarian dinosaur with the silhouette of a flesh-ripping velociraptor, whose fossilised remains were unearthed in southern chile 13 years ago, is a missing link in dinosaur evolution, researchers have said. a revised assessment of the kangaroo-sized chilesaurus diegosuarezi , reported in the journal biology letters, bolsters a theory unveiled earlier this year that threatens to upend a long-standing classification of all dinosaurs. dinosaurs were the monarchs of earth for 160m years until a space rock collided with the planet 65.5m years ago and wiped out those confined to land. the survivors, which could fly, are the direct ancestor of today’s birds. “chilesaurus genuinely helps fill an evolutionary gap between two big dinosaur groups,” said co-author paul barrett, president of britain’s palaeontographical society and a researcher at the natural history museum. when first presented to the world in 2015, chilesaurus – despite its penchant for plants – was lumped together with theropods, the suborder of meat-eating dinosaurs that not only includes fleet-footed velociraptors but tyrannosaurus rex, the ultimate carnivore. experts acknowledged at the time, however, that it was an awkward fit. one described the beast as “the most bizarre dinosaur ever found.” an upright posture, powerful hind legs and foreshortened front limbs were all reminiscent of theropods. but an inverted, bird-like hip structure and flattened, leaf-shaped teeth – proof of an exclusively vegetal diet – suggested that it also shared traits with another major suborder, the ornithischia. how we revealed a new family tree for dinosaurs read more well-known ornithischians include triceratops and the three-tonne stegosaurus, which boasted large armoured plates along its spine and a brain the size of a walnut. “chilesaurus initially looked like an earlier offshoot of the theropod line, but it seemed suspicious that it had all these adaptations for eating plants,” barrett said. it lived about 150m years ago, far earlier than the handful of theropods known to have turned away from meat, he pointed out. to verify chilesaurus’s place in the dinosaur family tree, barrett and matthew baron of the university of cambridge analysed more than 450 anatomical features of early dinosaurs. what they found confirmed a hunch. “we realised that it was not a strange, early plant-eating theropod, but rather a strange plant-eating animal that was an offshoot of this other group, ornithischia,” barrett said. the new affiliation has major implications. for most of the last century, experts have agreed that theropods were more closely related to a third major evolutionary branch, the sauropods, that included long-necked beasts such as diplodocus and brachiosaurus. but the chilesaurus shows that the fearsome killers under the theropod umbrella shared, in fact, a greater affinity with the docile ornithischia menagerie. this was the bold theory that baron and barrett, along with other colleagues, proposed in a landmark study published last march in the journal nature. “our reorganisation was putting ornithischia and theropods much closer together, and this new animal helps cement that relationship,” barrett explained. “chilesaurus gives us more confidence that this rearrangement was correct because it has a combination of features found in those two groups.” the first dinosaur emerged some 228m years ago. the new findings support the idea that theropods and ornithischians shared a common ancestor as early as 225m years ago. ornithischia thrived for more than 100 million years, but were wiped out when the rogue rock smashed into what, today is the yucatan peninsula in mexico. the impact probably created a massive firestorm followed by a decades-long winter that destroyed vegetation, the starting point in the dinosaurs’ food chain. most theropods were wiped out too, although the forerunners of modern birds persevered.

ə ˈtoʊtəl əv əˈmɛrɪkənz rɪˈnaʊnst ðɛr ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp ɪn ðə θərd kˈwɔrtər əv ðə jɪr, ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈsərvɪs wɪl əˈnaʊns θru ə ˈpoʊstɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈrɛʤɪstər ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ðə ˈtoʊtəl ɔn ˈrɛkərd fər ðə ˈpɪriəd. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri: ðə ˈfɪgjər wɪl brɪŋ ðə ˈnəmbər fər ðə jɪr tɪ ə drɔp əv əˈbaʊt 6 pərˈsɛnt frəm læst jɪrz ˈrɛkərd əv fər ðə seɪm taɪm freɪm. ðə ˈnəmbər tɛndz tɪ ˌɪnˈkris təˈwɔrdz ðə ɛnd əv ðə jɪr, wɪʧ minz ðɛr ɪz stɪl ə ʧæns 2016 kʊd breɪk ðə ˈænjuəl haɪ əv əˈmɛrɪkənz sɛnt ˈpækɪŋ ɪn 2015 tæks ˈɛkspərts hæv səˈʤɛstɪd ðə ˈəpˌtɪk ɪz du, ɪn pɑrt, tɪ ðə ˈfɔrən əˈkaʊnt tæks kəmˈplaɪəns ækt. ðə 2010 lɔ wɑz eɪmd æt ˈfɔrsɪŋ nɑnˈrɛzədənt ˈsɪtɪzənz, ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd tɪ bi bɪtˈwin ˈmɪljən, tɪ rɪˈpɔrt mɔr əv ðɛr ˈɪnˌkəm fər tæks kəˈlɛkʃən. ɛkˌspeɪtriˈeɪʃən ˌɪnˈkrist ɪn ˈsəbsəkwənt jɪrz, ɛz 2015 sɔ ə 560 pərˈsɛnt ˌɪnˈkris ɪn dɪˈpɑrʧərz ˈoʊvər ðə haɪəst ˈnəmbər sin ɪn ðə bʊʃ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ɪt wɑz ðə θərd kənˈsɛkjətɪv jɪr tɪ sɛt ə ˈrɛkərd. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri: ɪn ə muv ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ sloʊ ðə ˈɛksədəs ənd reɪk ɪn mɔr kæʃ fər ðə fɛdz, ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn 2014 ˌɪnˈkrist ðə fi tɪ liv frəm 450 tɪ ðət minz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ʃʊd hæv kəˈlɛktəd frəm soʊ fɑr ɪn 2016 ðə ˈtrɛʒəri dɪˈpɑrtmənt bɪˈgæn kəˈlɛktɪŋ ɛkˌspeɪtriˈeɪʃən ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn 1996 ɛz pɑrt əv ðə hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ækt. ðə ˈdætə dɪz nɑt dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ bɪtˈwin grin kɑrd ənd ˈpæˌspɔrt ˈhoʊldərz, ənd dɪz nɑt prəˈvaɪd dɪˈskrɪptɪv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən bɪɔnd ðə neɪmz əv ðoʊz hu hæv lɛft. əˈnəðər əˈmɛrɪkənz wʊd nid tɪ rɪˈnaʊns ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp baɪ ðə ɛnd əv dɪˈsɛmbər ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ breɪk ðə ˈænjuəl ˈrɛkərd ə fɔrθ kənˈsɛkjətɪv taɪm, ə sɪˈnɛrioʊ ðət ɪz ˈplɔzəbəl. ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt fər kəˈneɪdiən ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈsərvɪsɪz kræʃt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ɛz ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən wɑz biɪŋ hɛld.

a total of 1,380 americans renounced their citizenship in the third quarter of the year, the internal revenue service will announce through a posting in the federal register on thursday, the second-highest total on record for the period. related story: http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/article/2598487 the figure will bring the number for the year to 3,046, a drop of about 6 percent from last year's record of 3,221 for the same time frame. the number tends to increase towards the end of the year, which means there is still a chance 2016 could break the annual high of 4,279 americans sent packing in 2015. tax experts have suggested the uptick is due, in part, to the foreign account tax compliance act. the 2010 law was aimed at forcing nonresident citizens, estimated to be between 2-7 million, to report more of their income for tax collection. expatriation increased in subsequent years, as 2015 saw a 560 percent increase in departures over the highest number seen in the bush administration. it was the third consecutive year to set a record. related story: http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/article/2605399 in a move intended to slow the exodus and rake in more cash for the feds, the administration in 2014 increased the fee to leave from $450 to $2,350. that means the government should have collected $9,899,500 from renunciations so far in 2016. the treasury department began collecting expatriation information in 1996 as part of the health insurance accountability act. the data does not distinguish between green card and passport holders, and does not provide descriptive information beyond the names of those who have left. another 1,234 americans would need to renounce citizenship by the end of december in order to break the annual record a fourth consecutive time, a scenario that is plausible. a website for canadian immigration services crashed on tuesday as the american presidential election was being held.

ɔl θru ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bʊlz' ˈsizən, koʊʧ tɑm ˈθɪbədoʊ juzd ðə seɪm freɪz ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn: "wi hæv mɔr ðən ɪˈnəf tɪ wɪn wɪθ." ənd wɪn ðeɪ dɪd, ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ wɪθ ə taɪ fər ðə ligz bɛst ˈrɛkərd ənd ðə tɔp ˈoʊvərˌɔl sid ɪn ðə pleɪɔfs. əˈlæs, ˈæftər ˈθərzˌdeɪz ˈkrəʃɪŋ lɔs æt ðə ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə 76ers*, ðə ˈgɔdi sid ənd əˈnəðər ˈsɛntrəl dɪˈvɪʒən ˈtaɪtəl ɪz ɔl ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ həz tɪ ʃoʊ fər ɪts səkˈsɛs. ðə bʊlz ˈdɪdənt hæv ɪˈnəf tɪ wɪn wɪθ, nɑt wɪθ ˈdɛrɪk roʊz aʊt, nɑt wɪθ noʊə aʊt, nɑt wɪθ ˈkɑrloʊs ˈbuzər ɔn ðə bɛnʧ fər ðə ˈfaɪnəl əv ðə geɪm. roʊz ənd noʊə ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi bæk. əˈsumɪŋ ˈbɛtər lək wɪθ ðɛr hɛlθ, ðɛr bɛst ˈbæskətˌbɔl deɪz stɪl laɪ əˈhɛd. ðæts nɑt ðə keɪs fər ˈbuzər, hu ˈwɪltɪd wɪn ðə bʊlz ˈnidɪd ɪm moʊst. ˈbuzər meɪd 1 əv 11 ʃɑts ˈθərzˌdeɪ. wɪn ðə bʊlz' θərd kˈwɔrtər rən ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd wɪθ ˈbuzər goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə bɛnʧ ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv tɑʒ ˈgɪbsən, ðət wɑz ðə læst wi sɔ əv ɪm fər ðə ˈsizən.

all through the chicago bulls' injury-plagued season, coach tom thibodeau used the same phrase over and over again: "we have more than enough to win with." and win they did, finishing with a tie for the league's best record and the top overall seed in the playoffs. alas, after thursday's crushing 79-78 loss at the philadelphia 76ers, the gaudy seed and another central division title is all chicago has to show for its regular-season success. the bulls didn't have enough to win with, not with derrick rose out, not with joakim noah out, not with carlos boozer on the bench for the final 16:07 of the game. rose and noah are going to be back. assuming better luck with their health, their best basketball days still lie ahead. that's not the case for boozer, who wilted when the bulls needed him most. boozer made 1 of 11 shots thursday. when the bulls' third quarter run coincided with boozer going to the bench in favor of taj gibson, that was the last we saw of him for the 2011-12 season.

ˈnæsə kənˈsɪdərz juˈnik ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɔp ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌdɪˈskəvri ˈmɪʃən baɪ ˈwɪljəm ˈhɑrˌwʊd ˈstɔri ˈrɪtən fər ˈsiˌbiˌɛs nuz "speɪs pleɪs" juzd wɪθ pərˈmɪʃən ˈpoʊstɪd: ˈfɛbruˌɛri 11 2011 ˈnæsə ˈmænɪʤərz, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ənd ˈkɑnˌtræktərz mɛt ˈfraɪˌdeɪ fər ə ˌrivˈju əv ðə ˈʃətəl dɪˈskəvəriz graʊnd ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ ənd ˈrɛdinəs tɪ lɔnʧ ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 24 ɔn ə speɪs ˈsteɪʃən əˈsɛmbli ˈmɪʃən. ən faɪt ˈrɛdinəs ˌrivˈju ɪz plænd fər ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 18 ðɪs ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən ʃoʊz ðə ˈʃətəl dɑkt tɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl speɪs ˈsteɪʃən. ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈnæsə əˈlɔŋ wɪθ rivˈjuɪŋ graʊnd ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ ənd ɪkˈstərnəl tæŋk rɪˈpɛrz, ˈʃətəl ˈmænɪʤərz ˈɔlsoʊ ər kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈsteɪʤɪŋ wət maɪt bi kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˈəltəmət ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɔp ˈdʊrɪŋ dɪˈskəvəriz ˈmɪʃən tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈkrɪtɪkəl səˈplaɪz ənd ə ˈfaɪnəl juz. ˈmɑʤul tɪ ðə speɪs ˈsteɪʃən. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz tɪ hæv ə ˈrəʃən sɔɪəz ˈspeɪˌskræft ənˈdɑk soʊ ɪts kru kən ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ðə ˈsteɪʃən frəm ə ˈdɪstəns, ʃoʊɪŋ ðə kəmˈplitɪd læb ˈkɑmplɛks wɪθ ðə ˈʃətəl əˈtæʧt, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈrəʃən, ˌjʊrəˈpiən ənd ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈkɑrˌgoʊ ʃɪps ənd kru ˈkæpsəlz. dɪˈskəvəriz ˈmɪʃən ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə læst taɪm ə ˈʃətəl ənd ɔl ˈkɑrənt taɪps əv ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈspeɪˌskræft wɪl bi ˈprɛzənt æt ðə ˈsteɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈʃətəl flit ɪz rɪˈtaɪrd ˈleɪtər ðɪs jɪr. bət ðə plæn wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈrəʃən əˈpruvəl ənd kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən ənd ɪts nɑt jɛt noʊn ɪf ðeɪ wɪl goʊ əˈlɔŋ. ɪt ɪz nɑt ə ˈtrɪviəl ˈəndərˌteɪkɪŋ. ˈɛniˌtaɪm ə mænd ˈspeɪˌskræft, ðɛr ɪz ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ə mælˈfəŋkʃən ðət kʊd prɪˈvɛnt ə re-docking*. ɪn ðət keɪs, ðə sɔɪəz ənd ɪts kru sɔɪəz kəˈmændər ˌælɪgˈzændər kaleri*, ˈoʊləg ənd ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən 26 kəˈmændər skɑt ˈkɛli wʊd bi fɔrst tɪ rɪˈtərn dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ərθ, rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə ˈsteɪʃənz kru frəm sɪks tɪ θri. ðə sɔɪəz ˈspeɪˌskræft ɪz naʊ dɑkt tɪ ə pɔrt ɔn ðə ˈrəʃən ˌsɛgˈmɛnt əv ðə ˈsteɪʃən. ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈnæsə "ðɪs ˈoʊnli hɪt ˈpipəlz ˈreɪˌdɑr æt ðə ɛnd əv læst wik," sɛd wən ˈnæsə ˈmænɪʤər. waɪl ˈvɪdioʊ ənd stɪl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ʃoʊɪŋ ðə kəmˈplitɪd speɪs ˈsteɪʃən wɪθ ə ˈʃətəl əˈtæʧt wʊd noʊ daʊt bi spɛkˈtækjələr, æt list səm ˈeɪʤənsi ˌɪnˈsaɪdərz bɪˈliv ðə rɪsks ˈaʊtˌweɪ ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts. ˈəðərz, siɪŋ ə ʧæns tɪ ˈkæpʧər ə dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤ əv ðə ˈkɑmplɛks, ər ˈhoʊpfəl ðə ˈrəʃənz wɪl əˈpruv. ðə ˈrəʃənz steɪʤd ə ˈsɪmələr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 4 1995 wɪn ðə ˈʃətəl æˈtlænɪs ˈæftər ˈnæsəz fərst ˈlɪŋˌkəp wɪθ ðə ˈrəʃən mɪr speɪs ˈsteɪʃən. ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr æˈtlænɪs ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd, ˈkɔzməˌnɔts ˌænəˈtoʊli ənd ˈnɪkoʊˌlaɪ ɪn ə sɔɪəz ˈspeɪˌskræft ənd ˈfoʊtəˌgræft ðə ˈʃətəlz dɪˈpɑrʧər frəm ə ˈdɪstəns əv əˈbaʊt 300 fit. ʤɪst ˈæftər æˈtlænɪs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, mɪrz ˈsɛntrəl kəmˈpjutər ʃət daʊn, əˈpɛrəntli mɪsɪnˈtərprətɪŋ ðə ˈʤɑrɪŋ kɔzd baɪ ðə ˈʃətəlz ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən ɛz ə fɔlt. ðə ˈkɔzməˌnɔts səkˈsɛsfəli ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ðə kəmˈpjutər. ˈwɛðər ðət ɪkˈspɪriəns maɪt əˈfɛkt haʊ ðə ˈrəʃənz vju ðə ˈkɑrənt prəˈpoʊzəl rɪˈmeɪnz tɪ bi sin. æˈtlænɪs ˈæftər ɪts fərst ˈvɪzɪt æt mɪr. ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈnæsə ərˈɪʤənəli hoʊpt tɪ lɔnʧ ˌdɪˈskəvri noʊv. 1 bət ðə flaɪt wɑz dɪˈleɪd bɪˈkəz əv bæd ˈwɛðər ənd ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈmaɪnər ˈtɛknɪkəl snægz. ə lɔnʧ əˈtɛmpt noʊv. 5 wɑz kɔld ɔf bɪˈkəz əv ə ˈgæsiəs ˈhaɪdrəʤən lik ɪn ə vɛnt laɪn əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə ʃɪps ɪkˈstərnəl tæŋk. ðɛn, ˈdʊrɪŋ prəˈpɛlənt ˈdreɪnɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz dɪˈskəvərd kræks ɪn ˈvərtɪkəl ˈstrɪŋərz ˈmeɪkɪŋ əp ə ˈsɛntrəl kəmˈpɑrtmənt ɪn ðə juʤ tæŋk. lɔnʧ ðɛn wɑz pʊt ɔn ˌɪnˈdɛfənət hoʊld waɪl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz wərkt tɪ rɪˈpɛr ðə kræks ənd ˈfɪgjər aʊt wət kɔzd ðɛm ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ˈæftər ə fˈjulɪŋ tɛst, ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈtɛstɪŋ ənd əˈdɪʃənəl ˌɪnˈspɛkʃənz, ˈnæsə ˈmænɪʤərz kənˈkludɪd ðə rut kɔz wɑz ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ˈfæktərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈifɛkts əv ˈtɛmpərəʧər prəˈpɛlənt, ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ˈɪʃuz ənd juz əv ən ˈæˌlɔɪ ðət wɑz nɑt ɛz strɔŋ ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd. ˈmænɪʤərz ˈəltəmətli ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl ɔn ˈnɪrli ɔl əv ðə 108 ˈstrɪŋərz juzd ɪn ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld "intertank*" ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə ɪkˈstərnəl tæŋk. ðət wərk ɪz kəmˈplit, bət tɛsts ənd æˈnælɪsɪs hæv kənˈtɪnjud tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðə ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd tæŋk həz ðə rikˈwaɪərd ˈmɑrʤən əv ˈseɪfti. ɪn ˈrisənt deɪz, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz hæv rən ˈɪntu ə vərˈaɪəti əv frɛʃ ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ðə ˈgæsiəs ˈhaɪdrəʤən vɛnt laɪn ðət likt noʊv. 5 dɪˈreɪlɪŋ dɪˈskəvəriz læst lɔnʧ əˈtɛmpt. ðə lik wɑz bleɪmd ɔn ˈsətəl əˈlaɪnmənt ˈɪʃuz ðət, ɪn ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈhaɪdrəʤən gæs, ˈoʊpənd ə lik pæθ. kərˈɛktɪv ˈækʃənz wər ˈteɪkən ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə fˈjulɪŋ tɛst dɛk. 18 ðə ˈfɪtɪŋ wərkt ˈnɔrməli, wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈlikɪʤ. bɪˈkəz əv ˈtrəbəl ˌdɪskəˈnɛktɪŋ ðə laɪn ˈleɪtər, tɛkˈnɪʃənz ˌriˈpleɪst ə sil ɪn ðə ˈsɪstəm ðɪs wik. bət ˈdʊrɪŋ wərk tɪ ðə vɛnt laɪn ənd rɪg ɪt fər lɔnʧ, ˈwərkərz ˈnoʊtɪst ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈmuvmənt ɪn ə kəmˈpoʊnənt æt ðə beɪs əv ðə əmˈbɪlɪkəl pleɪt ðət əˈtæʧɪz ðə laɪn tɪ ðə saɪd əv ðə tæŋk. lik ʧɛks wər səkˈsɛsfəli kəmˈplitɪd, bət əˈdɪʃənəl wɑz plænd. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ə tul kɔld ə "ˈfilər geɪʤ," ˈsɪmələr tɪ tulz juzd tɪ ˈmɛʒər ðə gæp ɪn ə spɑrk pləg, əˈpɛrəntli keɪm əˈpɑrt æt ðə pæd ˈdʊrɪŋ wərk tɪ rɪg ðə vɛnt laɪn ˈfɪtɪŋ. səm əv ðə ˈmɛtəl bleɪdz fɛl fri ənd æt list wən əv ðɛm hɪt dɪˈskəvəriz ɪkˈstərnəl tæŋk. bət ə dɪˈteɪld ˈfoʊˌtoʊ æˈnælɪsɪs ʃoʊd ðə ˈdæmɪʤ wɑz ˈmaɪnər ənd noʊ rɪˈpɛrz wər ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ɪn ən ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd ˈɪʃu, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz pərˈpɛrɪŋ tɪ ˈsərvɪs ðə ˈsɪstəm juzd tɪ muv ðə ˈnɑzəlz əv ðə ˈʃətəlz tu ˈbustərz hərd ən ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd nɔɪz ˈmənˌdeɪ. ðɛr wər noʊ ˈɑbviəs saɪnz əv ˈtrəbəl wɪθ ðə ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ənd ɪts ˈpɑsəbəl ðə saʊnd wɑz kɔzd baɪ ə gəst əv wɪnd sˈlæmɪŋ ə dɔr ər ən ˈækˌsɛs ˈpænəl kloʊzd ɔn ðə lɔnʧ pæd ˈgæntri. ðə əˈfɪʃəl ɛmˈbrɔɪdərd kru pæʧ fər ˈʃətəl dɪˈskəvəriz ˈfaɪnəl flaɪt ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ɑr stɔr. fri ˈʃɪpɪŋ tɪ juz. ˈæˈdrɛsɪz! juz. ˈʃɑpərz ˈwərldˈwaɪd əˈdɪʃənəl ˈkəvərɪʤ fər səbˈskraɪbərz: ˈvɪdioʊ: rut kɔz əv ˈʃətəl tæŋk kræks faʊnd pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: wərk ˌəndərˈweɪ tɪ riˈmuv foʊm ənd ˈsɛnsərz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ˈækˌsɛs ˈplætˌfɔrmz əraʊnd tæŋk pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈʃətəl roʊld bæk tɪ əˈsɛmbli ˈbɪldɪŋ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˌdɪˈskəvri dɪˈpɑrts lɔnʧ pæd pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈlunər ɪˈklɪps ˈoʊvər ˌdɪˈskəvri pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈhaɪˌlaɪts frəm ðə fˈjulɪŋ tɛst pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈriˌkæp əv ðə fˈjulɪŋ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: fˈjulɪŋ tɛst ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn ˈəpˌdeɪt pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈkɑmɛnts frəm ˈʃətəl lɔnʧ dɪˈrɛktər pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: graʊnd əmˈbɪlɪkəl ˈkɛriər pleɪt ʧɛkt pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈɪnfoʊ ɔn ɪkˈstərnəl tæŋk ˌɪnstrəˌmɛnˈteɪʃən pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: dɪˈteɪld ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˈspɛʃəl fˈjulɪŋ tɛst pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈʃətəl dɪˈskəvəriz lɔnʧ dɪˈleɪd tɪ ˈfɛbruˌɛri pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈfaɪnəl fər tɛst pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: streɪn ˈgeɪʤɪz əˈtæʧt tɪ tæŋk pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˌɪnˈspɛkʃənz əv tæŋk ˈmɪdˌsɛkʃən pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈstrɪŋərz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈgæsiəs ˈhaɪdrəʤən vɛnt ɑrm rɪˈtərnd pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: tɪ bif əp krækt bimz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈhaɪdrəʤən ˈfɪtɪŋ ɪz ˌriɪnˈstɑld pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp tæŋks ˈɛntrəns dɔr pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: dɪˈtæʧt ənd silz riˈmuvd pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈbroʊkən foʊm riˈmuvd frəm ðə tæŋk pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: vɛnt ɑrm lɛts goʊ frəm ˈliki pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˌdɪˈskəvri əˈweɪts rɪˈpɛrz tɪ tæŋk ˈprɑbləmz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˌɪnˈfɔrmətɪv dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv tæŋk kræk ˈprɑbləm pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: dɪˈskəvəriz lɔnʧ dɪˈleɪd tɪ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈgæsiəs ˈhaɪdrəʤən vɛnt ɑrm dɪˈtæʧt frəm ˈʃətəl pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈmɪʃən ˈprivˌju ˈmuvi pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈʃətəl ˌdɪˈskəvri kru baɪˈɑgrəfiz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən ˈprivˌju ˈmuvi pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: speɪs ˈsteɪʃən kru baɪˈɑgrəfiz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: nuz ˈbrifɪŋ ɔn lik pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈgæsiəs ˈhaɪdrəʤən lik lɔnʧ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: bæd ˈwɛðər dɪˈleɪz ˌdɪˈskəvri lɔnʧ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ˈɪʃu noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə kənˈsərn fər ˌdɪˈskəvri pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: lɔnʧ poʊstˈpoʊnd baɪ ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl kənˈsərn pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋz ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn ˈstætəs ʧɛk pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: dɪˈskəvəriz nuz ˈkɑnfərəns pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn ˈprivˌju ˈbrifɪŋ ənd ˈwɛðər ˈfɔrˌkæst pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: əˈnəðər dɪˈleɪ ˈɔrdərd tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ rɪˈpɛrz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: lɔnʧ dɪˈleɪd 24 aʊərz baɪ lik rɪˈpɛrz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈæstrəˌnɔts əraɪv fər lɔnʧ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: flaɪt ˈrɛdinəs ˌrivˈju sɛts lɔnʧ deɪt pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈʃətəl ənd ˈsteɪʃən ˈproʊˌgræm ˈbrifɪŋ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ðə ˈmɪʃən ˈoʊvərvˌju ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃənz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈprivˌju ˈbrifɪŋ ɔn ˈmɪʃənz ˈspeɪsˌwɑks pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈbækˌgraʊnd ɔn 2 ˈhjuməˌnɔɪd pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ðə ˈæstrəˌnɔts' nuz ˈbrifɪŋ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈpeɪˌloʊd beɪ dɔrz kloʊzd fər lɔnʧ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: kru livz fər trɪp tɪ ˈhjustən pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈæstrəˌnɔts ˌɪnˈspɛkt ðə ˈpeɪˌloʊd beɪ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈʃətəl ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən ˈpræktɪs pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈæstrəˌnɔts ɪˈgrɛs ˈʃətəl ɛz sin lɪv pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈæstrəˌnɔts bɔrd ˌdɪˈskəvri pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: sən ˈraɪzɪz ɔn lɔnʧ pæd pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: lɔnʧ deɪ rɪˈhərsəl bɪˈgɪnz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: kəˈmɛmərˌeɪtɪv wɔl ˈsaɪnɪŋ ɪn pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: kru brift ɔn ˈimərʤənsi prəˈsiʤərz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ɪn ˈʃətəl ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈɛrˌkræfts ˈkɑkˌpɪt pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ən ˈimərʤənsi ˈɑrmərd tæŋk pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ stiv ˈlɪndzi pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈɛrɪk boʊ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ æl dru pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ tɪm pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ maɪk ˈbærət pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ nɪˈkoʊl stɑt pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈpeɪˌloʊdz ˌɪnˈstɔld ˈɪntu ˌdɪˈskəvri pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈmɪʃən ˈpeɪˌloʊdz əraɪv æt lɔnʧ pæd pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈkænɪstər ˈhɔlɪŋ ˈpeɪˌloʊdz tərnd ˈəˌpraɪt pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈmɑʤul ˈhɔɪstɪd ˈɪntu ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˈkænɪstər pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: weɪɪŋ nu speɪs ˈsteɪʃən ˈmɑʤul pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈgæntri pleɪst əraʊnd ˌdɪˈskəvri pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈʃətəl æˈtlænɪs ˈriʧɪz pæd pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: kraʊdz wɔʧ dɪˈskəvəriz ˈfaɪnəl ˈroʊˌlaʊt pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈʃətəl ˈhɔɪstɪd fər əˈtæʧmənt tɪ tæŋk pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: kreɪn ˈroʊˌteɪts ðə ˈɔrbətər ˈvərtɪkli pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˌdɪˈskəvri dɪˈpɑrts ɪts ˈhæŋər pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ʃoʊz ˌdɪˈskəvri əˈsɛndɪŋ ɪn pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ʃoʊz ðə muv tɪ əˈsɛmbli ˈbɪldɪŋ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: dɪˈskəvəriz ˈmeɪdən flaɪt: fərst trɪp tɪ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: dɪˈskəvəriz ˈmeɪdən flaɪt: ˈroʊˌlaʊt tɪ pæd pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: dɪˈskəvəriz ˈmeɪdən flaɪt: ˈɛnʤənz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: dɪˈskəvəriz ˈmeɪdən flaɪt: əˈsɔrtɪd vjuz əv pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈʃətəl ˌdɪˈskəvri pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈʃətəl ɪnˈdɛvər pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈʃətəl æˈtlænɪs pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˌɪnˈspɛkʃən əv ðə ˈmɪʃən ˈpeɪˌloʊdz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: əraɪvz æt ˈkɛnədi speɪs ˈsɛnər pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: speɪs ˈsteɪʃənz spɛr ˈθərməl ˈreɪdiˌeɪtər pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈblæŋkətɪŋ ˌliəˈnɑrdoʊ wɪθ ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ræk ˌɪnˈsərtɪd ˈɪntu ˌliəˈnɑrdoʊ fər lɔnʧ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˌliəˈnɑrdoʊ rɪˈtərnz frəm ɪts ˈpriviəs flaɪt pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈsteɪʃənz spɛr pɑrts ˈdipoʊ əraɪvz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈpeɪˌloʊd beɪ kloʊzd fər ˈroʊˌlaʊt pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈæstrəˌnɔts ˈvɪzɪt ðɛr ˈspeɪˌskræft pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: kru ˌɪnˈspɛkts ˌliəˈnɑrdoʊ ˈmɑʤul pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˌdɪˈskəvri rɪˈsivz ɪts meɪn ˈɛnʤənz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: fjuəl tæŋk ˈmeɪtɪd tɪ ˈsɑləd ˈrɑkət ˈbustərz pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈhɔɪstɪŋ fjuəl tæŋk ˈɪntu ˈʧɛˌkaʊt beɪ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ɪkˈstərnəl fjuəl tæŋk ənˈloʊdɪd frəm bɑrʤ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈmɪʃənz fjuəl tæŋk əraɪvz æt ˈspeɪˌspɔrt pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: deservicing*: pɑd pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: deservicing*: bum pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ: deservicing*: ˈɛnʤənz pleɪ səbˈskraɪb naʊ

nasa considers unique photo op during discovery mission by william harwood story written for cbs news "space place" & used with permission posted: february 11, 2011 nasa managers, engineers and contractors met friday for a program-level review of the shuttle discovery's ground processing and readiness to launch feb. 24 on a long-delayed space station assembly mission. an executive-level fight readiness review is planned for feb. 18. this illustration shows the shuttle docked to the international space station. credit: nasa along with reviewing ground processing and external tank repairs, shuttle managers also are considering the possibility of staging what might be considered the ultimate photo op during discovery's mission to deliver critical supplies and a final u.s. module to the space station. the idea is to have a russian soyuz spacecraft undock so its three-man crew can photograph the station from a distance, showing the completed lab complex with the shuttle attached, along with russian, european and japanese cargo ships and crew capsules. discovery's mission represents the last time a shuttle and all current types of visiting spacecraft will be present at the station before the shuttle fleet is retired later this year. but the plan would require russian approval and cooperation and it's not yet known if they will go along. it is not a trivial undertaking. anytime a manned spacecraft undocks, there is the possibility of a malfunction that could prevent a re-docking. in that case, the soyuz and its three-man crew -- soyuz tma-01m commander alexander kaleri, oleg skripochka and expedition 26 commander scott kelly -- would be forced to return directly to earth, reducing the station's crew from six to three. the soyuz tma-01m spacecraft is now docked to a space-facing port on the russian segment of the station. credit: nasa "this only hit people's radar at the end of last week," said one nasa manager. while video and still photos showing the completed space station with a shuttle attached would no doubt be spectacular, at least some agency insiders believe the risks outweigh the benefits. others, seeing a chance to capture a defining image of the shuttle-station complex, are hopeful the russians will approve. the russians staged a similar photo operation on july 4, 1995, when the shuttle atlantis undocked after nasa's first linkup with the russian mir space station. just before atlantis separated, cosmonauts anatoly solovyev and nikolai budarin undocked in a soyuz spacecraft and photographed the shuttle's departure from a distance of about 300 feet. just after atlantis undocked, however, mir's central computer shut down, apparently misinterpreting the jarring caused by the shuttle's separation as a fault. the cosmonauts successfully redocked and eventually rebooted the computer. whether that experience might affect how the russians view the current proposal remains to be seen. atlantis undocks after its first visit at mir. credit: roscosmos/nasa nasa originally hoped to launch discovery nov. 1, but the flight was delayed because of bad weather and relatively minor technical snags. a launch attempt nov. 5 was called off because of a gaseous hydrogen leak in a vent line attached to the ship's external tank. then, during propellant draining operations, engineers discovered cracks in vertical rib-like stringers making up a central compartment in the huge tank. launch then was put on indefinite hold while engineers worked to repair the cracks and figure out what caused them in the first place. after a fueling test, extensive testing and additional inspections, nasa managers concluded the root cause was a combination of factors, including the effects of ultra-low temperature propellant, manufacturing issues and use of an aluminum-lithium alloy that was not as strong as expected. managers ultimately decided to install stiffeners on nearly all of the 108 stringers used in the so-called "intertank" section of the external tank. that work is complete, but tests and analysis have continued to make sure the modified tank has the required margin of safety. in recent days, engineers have run into a variety of fresh problems with the gaseous hydrogen vent line that leaked nov. 5, derailing discovery's last launch attempt. the leak was blamed on subtle alignment issues that, in the presence of low-temperature hydrogen gas, opened a leak path. corrective actions were taken and during a fueling test dec. 18, the fitting worked normally, without any significant leakage. because of trouble disconnecting the line later, technicians replaced a seal in the system this week. but during work to re-attach the vent line and rig it for launch, workers noticed unexpected movement in a component at the base of the umbilical plate that attaches the line to the side of the tank. leak checks were successfully completed, but additional troubleshooting was planned. in addition, a multi-blade tool called a "feeler gauge," similar to tools used to measure the gap in a spark plug, apparently came apart at the pad during work to rig the vent line fitting. some of the tool's metal blades fell free and at least one of them hit discovery's external tank. but a detailed photo analysis showed the damage was minor and no repairs were necessary. in an unrelated issue, engineers preparing to service the system used to move the nozzles of the shuttle's two solid-fuel boosters heard an unexpected bang-like noise monday. there were no obvious signs of trouble with the hardware and it's possible the sound was caused by a gust of wind slamming a door or an access panel closed on the launch pad gantry. the official embroidered crew patch for shuttle discovery's final flight is available in our store. free shipping to u.s. addresses! u.s. shoppers | worldwide additional coverage for subscribers: video: root cause of shuttle tank cracks found play video: work underway to remove foam and sensors play | hi-def video: setting up access platforms around tank play | hi-def video: shuttle rolled back to assembly building play | hi-def video: discovery departs launch pad 39a play | hi-def video: lunar eclipse over discovery play | hi-def video: highlights from the fueling test play | hi-def video: recap of the fueling exercise play video: fueling test countdown update play video: comments from shuttle launch director play video: ground umbilical carrier plate checked play video: info on external tank instrumentation play video: detailed information on special fueling test play video: shuttle discovery's launch delayed to february play video: final preps for instrumented test play | hi-def video: strain gauges attached to tank play | hi-def video: backscatter inspections of tank midsection play | hi-def video: installing doublers over stringers play | hi-def video: gaseous hydrogen vent arm returned play | hi-def video: doublers to beef up cracked beams play | hi-def video: hydrogen fitting is reinstalled play | hi-def video: opening up tank's entrance door play | hi-def video: gucp detached and seals removed play | hi-def video: broken foam removed from the tank play | hi-def video: vent arm lets go from leaky gucp play | hi-def video: discovery awaits repairs to tank problems play | hi-def video: informative description of tank crack problem play video: discovery's launch delayed to mid-december play video: gaseous hydrogen vent arm detached from shuttle play video: sts-133 mission preview movie play | hi-def video: shuttle discovery crew biographies play | hi-def video: iss expedition 25-26 preview movie play | hi-def video: space station crew biographies play | hi-def video: post-scrub news briefing on leak play video: gaseous hydrogen leak scrubs launch play | hi-def video: bad weather delays discovery launch play video: electrical issue no longer a concern for discovery play video: launch postponed by electrical concern play video: tuesday morning's countdown status check play video: discovery's pre-launch news conference play video: countdown preview briefing and weather forecast play video: another 24-hour delay ordered to finish repairs play video: launch delayed 24 hours by leak repairs play video: astronauts arrive for launch play | hi-def video: flight readiness review sets launch date play video: shuttle and station program briefing play video: the sts-133 mission overview presentations play video: preview briefing on mission's spacewalks play video: in-depth background on robonaut 2 humanoid play video: the astronauts' pre-flight news briefing play video: payload bay doors closed for launch play | hi-def video: crew leaves ksc for trip to houston play | hi-def video: astronauts inspect the payload bay play | hi-def video: shuttle evacuation practice play | hi-def video: astronauts egress shuttle as seen live play video: astronauts board discovery play | hi-def video: sun rises on launch pad 39a play | hi-def video: launch day rehearsal begins play | hi-def video: commemorative wall signing in vab play | hi-def video: crew briefed on emergency procedures play | hi-def video: in shuttle training aircraft's cockpit play | hi-def video: test-driving an emergency armored tank play | hi-def video: pre-launch interview with steve lindsey play video: pre-launch interview with eric boe play video: pre-launch interview with al drew play video: pre-launch interview with tim kopra play video: pre-launch interview with mike barratt play video: pre-launch interview with nicole stott play video: payloads installed into discovery play | hi-def video: mission payloads arrive at launch pad play | hi-def video: canister hauling payloads turned upright play | hi-def video: module hoisted into shipping canister play | hi-def video: weighing new space station module play | hi-def video: gantry placed around discovery play | hi-def video: shuttle atlantis reaches pad 39a play | hi-def video: crowds watch discovery's final rollout play | hi-def video: shuttle hoisted for attachment to tank play | hi-def video: crane rotates the orbiter vertically play | hi-def video: discovery departs its hangar play | hi-def video: time-lapse shows discovery ascending in vab play video: time-lapse shows the move to assembly building play video: discovery's maiden flight: first trip to vab play video: discovery's maiden flight: rollout to pad 39a play video: discovery's maiden flight: test-firing engines play video: discovery's maiden flight: assorted views of frf play video: the history of shuttle discovery play video: the history of shuttle endeavour play video: the history of shuttle atlantis play video: inspection of the mission payloads play | hi-def video: robonaut arrives at kennedy space center play | hi-def video: space station's spare thermal radiator play | hi-def video: blanketing leonardo with insulation play | hi-def video: rack inserted into leonardo for launch play | hi-def video: leonardo returns from its previous flight play | hi-def video: station's spare parts depot arrives play | hi-def video: orbiter's payload bay closed for rollout play | hi-def video: astronauts visit their spacecraft play | hi-def video: crew inspects leonardo module play | hi-def video: discovery receives its main engines play | hi-def video: fuel tank mated to solid rocket boosters play | hi-def video: hoisting fuel tank into checkout bay play | hi-def video: external fuel tank unloaded from barge play | hi-def video: mission's fuel tank arrives at spaceport play | hi-def video: post-flight deservicing: oms pod play | hi-def video: post-flight deservicing: obss boom play | hi-def video: post-flight deservicing: engines play | hi-def subscribe now

nvidia* ɪz rɪˈpɔrtədli pərˈpɛrɪŋ tɪ riˈlis tu nu ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈskrit ˈgræfɪks ʧɪps ðə, ənd ðə wɪʧ wɪl səkˈsid ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ənd rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ðə ɪz sɛt tɪ ˌɪnˈklud mɔr kɔrz ðən ðə, ˈʤəmpɪŋ frəm 1664 tɪ 1536 wɪθ ən əˈkəmpəniɪŋ reɪz ɪn ˈtɛksʧər ˈjunɪts (əp tɪ 104 frəm 96 ðə ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi klɑkt æt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈmɛməri ˈsɪstəm wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ðə seɪm æt ɔn ə bəs, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ 160 əv ˈbændwɪdθ tɪ ˈiðər 4 ər 8 əv vram*. ɛz ju maɪt hæv gɛst, ðə ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ fɪt bɪtˈwin ðə ənd, wɪθ ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn kɔrz 1408 əp frəm 1280 ˈtɛksʧər ˈjunɪts 88 əp frəm 80 ənd rɑps 56 əp frəm 48 kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə. ðə wɪl əˈlɛʤədli bi klɑkt æt 941, wɪθ ˈiðər 3 ər 6 əv ɔn ə bəs, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ 120 əv ˈbændwɪdθ. 980 kɔrz 2048 1664 1536 1408 1280 ˈtɛksʧər ˈjunɪts 128 104 96 88 80 rɑps 64 56 48 klɑk spid 1218 1048 1038 941 924 ˈmɛməri 8 æt 7008 224) æt 5000 160) æt 5000 120) ˈmæksˌwɛl laɪk ðə ənd, ðə nu ʧɪps wɪl juz ə. wɪθ pæˈskæl ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər ʤɪst əraʊnd ðə ˈkɔrnər, boʊθ əv ðiz nu ˈmoʊbəl wɪl ˈlaɪkli bi ðə læst frəm ðə ˈmæksˌwɛl laɪn, ənd ðə læst pɑrts bɪlt ɔn ə ˈprɔˌsɛs. ˈhæzənt əˈfɪʃəli əˈnaʊnst ðə ər ðə æt ðɪs steɪʤ, bət ɪt ˈʃʊdənt bi tu lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr wi gɪt ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən əv ðiz ˈprɑdəkts ənd ðɛr spɛks.

nvidia is reportedly preparing to release two new higher-performance mobile discrete graphics chips – the geforce gtx 980mx, and the gtx 970mx – which will succeed the existing gtx 980m and 970m respectively. the gtx 980mx is set to include more cuda cores than the gtx 980m, jumping from 1664 to 1536, with an accompanying raise in texture units (up to 104 from 96). the gpu is expected to be clocked at 1,048 mhz, although the memory system will remain the same at 5,000 mhz gddr5 on a 256-bit bus, providing 160 gb/s of bandwidth to either 4 or 8 gb of vram. as you might have guessed, the gtx 970mx is designed to fit between the gtx 970m and gtx 980m, with an increase in cuda cores (1408 up from 1280), texture units (88 up from 80) and rops (56 up from 48) compared to the 970m. the gpu will allegedly be clocked at 941 mhz, with either 3 or 6 gb of 5,000 mhz gddr5 on a 192-bit bus, providing 120 gb/s of bandwidth. gtx 980 gtx 980mx gtx 980m gtx 970mx gtx 970m cuda cores 2048 1664 1536 1408 1280 texture units 128 104 96 88 80 rops 64 56 48 clock speed 1218 mhz 1048 mhz 1038 mhz 941 mhz 924 mhz memory 8 gb 256-bit gddr5 at 7008 mhz (224 gb/s) 8/4 gb 256-bit gddr5 at 5000 mhz (160 gb/s) 3/6 gb 192-bit gddr5 at 5000 mhz (120 gb/s) tdp 150w 125w 100w gpu 28nm maxwell gm204 like the 970m and 980m, the new mx-series chips will use a maxwell-based gm204 gpu. with nvidia's pascal architecture just around the corner, both of these new mobile gpus will likely be the last from the maxwell line, and the last high-performance parts built on a 28nm process. nvidia hasn't officially announced the 970mx or the 980mx at this stage, but it shouldn't be too long before we get confirmation of these products and their specs.

ˈəpˌdeɪt: 'aɪ hæv ˈbeɪgən tɪ hir ə ˈlɪtəl əˈgɛn' ˈtɑgəl ˈkæpʃən ˌjoʊʃɪˈkɑzu ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈəpˌdeɪt, ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 12 ˈrɔɪtərz rɪˈpɔrts ðət ɪn ə ˈhænˌdrɪtən əˈpɑləˌʤi sɛnt tɪ ˈmidiə ɪn ʤəˈpæn təˈdeɪ, dɪsˈgreɪst ˌʤæpəˈniz kəmˈpoʊzər ədˈmɪtəd ðət hi ɪz nɑt ɛz dɛf ɛz hi ˈpriviəsli ˈsteɪtɪd, ˈkleɪmɪŋ: "ðə truθ ɪz ðət ˈrisəntli aɪ hæv ˈbeɪgən tɪ hir ə ˈlɪtəl əˈgɛn." naʊ sɪz ðət hi həz riˈgeɪnd səm ˈhirɪŋ ɪn ðə pæst θri jɪrz, ənd kən ˈfɑloʊ ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz ɪn ˈsərtən ˈvɛri spɪˈsɪfɪk kənˈdɪʃənz. ərˈɪʤənəl poʊst, ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 6 ɪt wɑz ə ˈpərˌfɪkt səkˈsɛs ˈstɔri: ə kəmˈpoʊzər ˈoʊvərˌkəmz hɪz ˈdɛfnəs tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈwaɪdli bɪˈləvəd ˈkəlʧərəl ˈaɪkɑn. noʊ, wɪr nɑt ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈbeɪtoʊvən. ðɪs wɑz ðə ˈstɔri ɑrk fər, wən əv ʤəˈpænz moʊst ˈpɑpjələr kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri kəmˈpoʊzərz, huz mˈjuzɪk bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈælbəm ənd ɪz hərd ɪn ðə ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz ˈrɛzɪdənt ˈivəl ənd onimusha*. ˈtɑgəl ˈkæpʃən ˈɪmɪʤɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli həz, hu sɪz hi həz bɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst kəmˈplitli dɛf sɪns eɪʤ 35 bɪˈkəz əv ə dɪˈʤɛnərətɪv ˈɪlnəs, ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ˈhævɪŋ ˈkɑnsərt mˈjuzɪk əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ɪm hərd əraʊnd ðə wərld, bət ˌʤæpəˈniz oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈfɪgjər ˈskeɪtər tɑkɑˈhɑʃi ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ juz ðə fər vaɪəˈlɪn ɪn hɪz ʃɔrt ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn ˈsoʊʧi ˈleɪtər ðɪs mənθ. ɪt wɑz ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti ðət ˈtrɪgərd ən əˈstɑnɪʃɪŋ ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ: ˈsədənli əˈnaʊnst ðət nɑt ˈoʊnli hæd hi nɑt ˈrɪtən ðə, bət moʊst əv hɪz mˈjuzɪk ˈrɪtən ɪn ðə pæst tu ˈdɛkeɪdz wɑz kəmˈpoʊzd baɪ ˈsəmˌwən ɛls. ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ə kəmˈpoʊzər ɪn ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ neɪmd ˌtɑˈkɑʃi stɛpt ˈfɔrwərd tɪ seɪ ðət hi həz bɪn sɪns 1996 ə kəmˈpoʊzər ˈɔlsoʊ neɪmd ˌtɑˈkɑʃi ɪz ˈkrɛdɪtɪd ɛz fər ðə ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd bɑk ʤəˈpæn ənd ɪts ɑnˈsɑmbəl ˈʤɛnəsəs, ðoʊ ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr həz nɑt jɛt bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ kənˈfərm ðət ɪt ɪz ðə seɪm ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl. ˈædɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈʤɛnərəl kənfˈjuʒən wər ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv əˈnəðər frɔd ðət pʊt ˈfɔrwərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns hi hɛld ɪn ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˈθərzˌdeɪ: ðət ˈmeɪbi ˈɪzənt dɛf, ˈiðər. hu sɪz hi həz bɪn peɪd əˈbaʊt 7 ˈmɪljən jɛn (ˈrəfli tɪ raɪt fər sɪz ðət hi həz hæd ˈrɛgjələr ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz wɪθ, ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈəðər mæn ˈlɪsənd tɪ ənd ˈkɑmɛntəd əˈpɑn hɪz wərk, ənd sɛd ɪn ðə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns ðət ðə pərˈpɔrtɪd ˈdɛfnəs wɑz "ən ækt ðət hi wɑz pərˈfɔrmɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd wərld." ˈlɔjərz seɪ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ðeɪ bɪˈliv ðət hi ɪz ˌɪnˈdid dɛf. ˈoʊvər ðə pæst tu ˈdɛkeɪdz, hæd bɪˈkəm ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈstɔri æt hoʊm ənd əˈbrɔd. ɪn ə 2001 taɪm ˈmægəˌzin ˈproʊˌfaɪl ðət trəmpt ɪm ɛz ə ˈbeɪtoʊvən," hi wɑz kˈwoʊtɪd ɛz seɪɪŋ ðət hɪz ˈdɛfnəs hæd pruvd ə "gɪft frəm gɑd." sɛd æt hɪz prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns ðət hi hæd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kəm klin ˈərliər, bət ðət θˈrɛtənd tɪ kəˈmɪt ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ɪf hi dɪd soʊ. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, faʊnd kəˈmərʃəl ənd ˈkrɪtɪkəl səkˈsɛs. hɪz ˈsɪmfəni noʊ. 1 "ˌhɪˈroʊʃɪmə" bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈælbəm ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ənd ɪn 2013 ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈpəblɪk ˈbrɔdˌkæstər ɛrd ə ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri əˈbaʊt ɪm kɔld ˈmɛlədi əv ðə soʊl, ɪn wɪʧ hi wɑz ʃoʊn ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ sərˈvaɪvərz ənd ˈrɛlətɪvz əv ˈpipəl hu ˈpɛrɪʃt ɪn ðə 2011 tsuˈnɑmi. ðə "ˌhɪˈroʊʃɪmə" pis ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr hæd bɪˈkəm ə pɑp ˈkəlʧər ˈtəʧˌstoʊn ˈdʊrɪŋ ʤəˈpænz riˈbɪldɪŋ ˈɛfərts. ɪz saɪnd tɪ ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈleɪbəl ˌnɪˈpɑn kəˈləmbiə, wɪʧ ˈɑpərˌeɪts ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli ɛz ðə səˈvɔɪ ˈleɪbəl grup. (dɪˈskleɪmər: maɪ ˈhəzbənd, ˈʤɑˌʃuə ˈʃərmən, wɑz vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv seɪlz fər ɪn ðə juz. ənd dɪˈrɛktɪd fər səˈvɔɪ ənˈtɪl 2010 ˈæftər ðə ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz, ˌnɪˈpɑn kəˈləmbiə riˈlist ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈsteɪtmənt seɪɪŋ ðət ɪt wɑz "səˈpraɪzd ənd ɪkˈstrimli ˈæŋgri." ˈəpˌdeɪt: ˌnɪˈpɑn kəˈləmbiə həz sɪns stɑpt ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ˈsiˈdiz, ˌdiˌviˈdiz ənd ˈdaʊnˌloʊdz, ənd hɪz ˈpəblɪʃər, ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˈhəsəl, həz ˈkænsəld ðə ˈskɛʤʊld riˈlis əv θri mɔr skɔrz ənd riˈtræktəd pərˈmɪʃənz fər ɪts ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ "samuragochi*" ˈkætəlɔg, seɪɪŋ ðət ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈoʊnər ɪz "ənˈnoʊn." jəŋ ˈpipəlz ˈkɔrəs əv nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˈjuˌtub ðə meɪər əv ˌhɪˈroʊʃɪmə, mɑtˈsui, həz sɛd ðət ðə ˈsɪti wɪl hæv tɪ riˈtrækt ðə ˈsɪtəzənz əˈwɔrd ɪt hæd ˈgɪvɪn ɪn 2008 ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈwəzənt ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ɪn ðə juz., mˈjuzɪk əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ɪm dɪd gɪt pərˈfɔrmd baɪ əˈmɛrɪkən ɑnˈsɑmbəlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðɪs 2013 pərˈfɔrməns əv ˈrɛkwiəm ˌhɪˈroʊʃɪmə baɪ ðə əˈkleɪmd jəŋ ˈpipəlz ˈkɔrəs əv nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, dɪˈrɛktɪd baɪ frænˈsɪskoʊ ʤeɪ. núñez*:

update: 'i have begun to hear a little again' toggle caption yoshikazu tsuno/afp/getty images update, feb. 12: reuters reports that in a handwritten apology sent to media in japan today, disgraced japanese composer mamoru samuragochi admitted that he is not as deaf as he previously stated, claiming: "the truth is that recently i have begun to hear a little again." samuragochi now says that he has regained some hearing in the past three years, and can follow conversations in certain very specific conditions. original post, feb. 6: it was a perfect success story: a composer overcomes his deafness to become a widely beloved cultural icon. no, we're not talking about beethoven. this was the story arc for 50-year-old mamoru samuragochi, one of japan's most popular contemporary composers, whose music became a best-selling album and is heard in the video games resident evil and onimusha. toggle caption jiji press/afp/getty images not only has samuragochi, who says he has been almost completely deaf since age 35 because of a degenerative illness, enjoyed having concert music attributed to him heard around the world, but japanese olympic figure skater daisuke takahashi is also scheduled to use the samuragochi-credited sonatina for violin in his short program in sochi later this month. it was the olympic visibility that triggered an astonishing revelation wednesday: samuragochi suddenly announced that not only had he not written the sonatina, but most of his music written in the past two decades was composed by someone else. thursday, a 43-year-old composer in tokyo named takashi niigaki stepped forward to say that he has been samuragochi's ghostwriter since 1996. a composer also named takashi niigaki is credited as composer-in-residence for the celebrated bach collegium japan and its ensemble genesis, though npr has not yet been able to confirm that it is the same individual. adding to the general confusion were allegations of another fraud that niigaki put forward during a 90-minute press conference he held in tokyo thursday: that maybe samuragochi isn't deaf, either. niigaki — who says he has been paid about 7 million yen (roughly $69,000) to write for samuragochi — says that he has had regular conversations with samuragochi, in which the other man listened to and commented upon his work, and said in the press conference that the purported deafness was "an act that he was performing to the outside world." samuragochi's lawyers say, however, that they believe that he is indeed deaf. over the past two decades, samuragochi had become a major human-interest story at home and abroad. in a 2001 time magazine profile that trumped him as a "digital-age beethoven," he was quoted as saying that his deafness had proved a "gift from god." niigaki said at his press conference that he had wanted to come clean earlier, but that samuragochi threatened to commit suicide if he did so. in the meantime, samuragochi found commercial and critical success. his symphony no. 1, "hiroshima" became a best-selling album in japan, and in 2013, the japanese public broadcaster nhk aired a documentary about him called melody of the soul, in which he was shown meeting with survivors and relatives of people who perished in the 2011 tsunami. the "hiroshima" piece in particular had become a pop culture touchstone during japan's rebuilding efforts. samuragochi is signed to the japanese label nippon columbia, which operates internationally as the savoy label group. (disclaimer: my husband, joshua sherman, was vice president of sales for slg in the u.s. and directed a&r for savoy jazz/slg until 2010.) after the revelations, nippon columbia released an initial statement saying that it was "surprised and extremely angry." update: nippon columbia has since stopped distribution of samuragochi's cds, dvds and downloads, and his publisher, tokyo hustle, has canceled the scheduled release of three more scores and retracted permissions for its existing "samuragochi" catalog, saying that the copyright owner is "unknown." young people's chorus of new york city youtube the mayor of hiroshima, kazumi matsui, has said that the city will have to retract the citizen's award it had given samuragochi in 2008. although samuragochi wasn't well-known in the u.s., music attributed to him did get performed by american ensembles, including this 2013 performance of requiem hiroshima by the acclaimed young people's chorus of new york city, directed by francisco j. núñez:

ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsi ðət kəˈlɛkts ˌpərsəˈnɛl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ˈfɛdərəl ɪmˈplɔɪiz həz sɛd ðət ə briʧ hæd ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd ðə ˈdætə əv əp tɪ fɔr ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl. ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən sɛd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ðət ɪt həz lɔnʧt ə proʊb ənd wʊd hoʊld ðə ˈkəlprɪts əˈkaʊntəbəl, ˈrɔɪtərz ˌriˈpɔrtəd. wi teɪk ɔl pəˈtɛnʃəl θrɛts tɪ ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər ˈsɪstəmz ˈsɪriəsli, ənd wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ənd hoʊld əˈkaʊntəbəl ðoʊz hu poʊz ə θrɛt ɪn ˈsaɪbərˌspeɪs ˈfɛdərəl ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən "ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ɑr ˌɪntərˈeɪʤənsi ˈpɑrtnərz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðɪs ˈmætər," ðə ˈbjʊroʊ sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. "wi teɪk ɔl pəˈtɛnʃəl θrɛts tɪ ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər ˈsɪstəmz ˈsɪriəsli, ənd wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ənd hoʊld əˈkaʊntəbəl ðoʊz hu poʊz ə θrɛt ɪn ˈsaɪbərˌspeɪs." ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˌpərsəˈnɛl ˈmænɪʤmənt (opm*) dɪˈtɛktɪd nu məˈlɪʃəs ækˈtɪvɪti əˈfɛktɪŋ ɪts ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɪstəmz ɪn ˈeɪprəl ənd ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti sɛd ɪt kənˈkludɪd æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv meɪ ðət ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈdætə hæd bɪn ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd. ðə ˈɔfəs ˈhændəlz ɪmˈplɔɪi ˈrɛkərdz ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈklɪrənsɪz. "ðɪs wʊd ˈlaɪkli bi ðə ˈlɑrʤəst θɛft əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt ˈdætə ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts," ˈpæti ˈkəˌlheɪn, æl waɪt haʊs ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənt rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ frəm ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, sɛd. "ˈbeɪsɪkli, ɪz laɪk ðə ˈjumən ˈrisɔrsɪz dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ gɪt sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛks fər ˈpipəl hu wɔnt tɪ gɪt sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈklɪrənsɪz," ʃi sɛd. "ðə bɪg kˈwɛʃən rɪˈmeɪnz ɪgˈzæktli wət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz ˈstoʊlən? wɑz ɪt ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈnəmbər, jʊr ˈfɛdərəl ˈaɪˈdi ər wɑz ɪt ˈsæləri ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. raɪt naʊ ɪz nɑt seɪɪŋ." ə ˈjuˈɛs lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt sɔrs toʊld ˈrɔɪtərz ə "ˈfɔrən ˈɛntɪti ər ˈgəvərnmənt" wɑz bɪˈlivd tɪ bi bɪˈhaɪnd ðə cyberattack*. əˈθɔrətiz wər ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˈpɑsəbəl ʧaɪˈniz kəˈnɛkʃən, ə sɔrs kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈmætər sɛd. ə ʧaɪˈniz ˈɛmbəsi ˈspoʊksmən ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən sɛd ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz wər ˌɪrəˈspɑnsəbəl ənd ˈkaʊnərprəˌdəktɪv. "ˈʤəmpɪŋ tɪ kənˈkluʒənz ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ [ə] ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən ɪz nɑt riˈspɑnsəbəl," ənd ɪz "ˈkaʊnərprəˌdəktɪv", ʧaɪˈniz ˈɛmbəsi ˈspoʊksmən ʒu sɛd ɪn iˈmeɪld ˈkɑmɛnts. sɪˈkjʊrəti priˈkɔʃənz ðə hæd ˈpriviəsli bɪn ðə ˈvɪktɪm əv ə cyberattack*, ɛz hæv ˈvɛriəs ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt kəmˈpjutər ˈsɪstəmz æt ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈpoʊstəl ˈsərvɪs ənd ðə waɪt haʊs. sɪns ðə ˌɪnˈtruʒən, sɛd ɪt hæd ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd əˈdɪʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti priˈkɔʃənz fər ɪts ˈnɛtˌwərks. ɪt sɛd ɪt wʊd ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪ ðə 4 ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl əˈfɛktɪd ənd ˈɔfər ˈkrɛdɪt ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ənd aɪˈdɛntəˌti θɛft ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ ðə ˈpipəl əˈfɛktɪd. "ðə læst fju mənθs hæv sin ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈmæsɪv ˈdætə ˈbriʧɪz ðət hæv əˈfɛktɪd ˈmɪljənz əv əˈmɛrɪkənz," ˈjuˈɛs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ˈædəm ʃɪf, ðə ˈræŋkɪŋ ˈdɛməˌkræt ɔn ðə haʊs ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt səˈlɛkt kəˈmɪti ɔn ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. bət hi kɔld ðə ˈleɪtəst ˌɪnˈtruʒən "əˈməŋ ðə moʊst ˈʃɑkɪŋ bɪˈkəz əˈmɛrɪkənz meɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ðət ˈfɛdərəl kəmˈpjutər ˈnɛtˌwərks ər meɪnˈteɪnd wɪθ steɪt əv ðə ɑrt defences*". ɪt ɪz θɔt ðət ðə ˌræməfəˈkeɪʃənz əv ðə ˈdætə briʧ kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli əˈfɛkt ˈɛvəri ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənsi.

the us government agency that collects personnel information for federal employees has said that a cybersecurity breach had compromised the data of up to four million people. the federal bureau of investigation said on thursday that it has launched a probe and would hold the culprits accountable, reuters reported. we take all potential threats to public and private sector systems seriously, and will continue to investigate and hold accountable those who pose a threat in cyberspace federal bureau of investigation "the fbi is working with our interagency partners to investigate this matter," the bureau said in a statement. "we take all potential threats to public and private sector systems seriously, and will continue to investigate and hold accountable those who pose a threat in cyberspace." the office of personnel management (opm) detected new malicious activity affecting its information systems in april and the department of homeland security said it concluded at the beginning of may that the agency's data had been compromised. the office handles employee records and security clearances. "this would likely be the largest theft of us government data in the history of the united states," patty culhane, al jazeera's white house correspondent reporting from washington, said. "basically, opm is like the human resources department of the entire federal government. they also get security background checks for people who want to get security clearances," she said. "the big question remains exactly what information was stolen? was it social security number, your federal id or was it salary information. right now opm is not saying." a us law enforcement source told reuters a "foreign entity or government" was believed to be behind the cyberattack. authorities were looking into a possible chinese connection, a source close to the matter said. a chinese embassy spokesman in washington said hypothetical accusations were irresponsible and counterproductive. "jumping to conclusions and making [a] hypothetical accusation is not responsible," and is "counterproductive", chinese embassy spokesman zhu haiquan said in emailed comments. security precautions the opm had previously been the victim of a cyberattack, as have various federal government computer systems at the state department, the us postal service and the white house. since the intrusion, opm said it had implemented additional security precautions for its networks. it said it would notify the 4 million people affected and offer credit monitoring and identity theft services to the people affected. "the last few months have seen a series of massive data breaches that have affected millions of americans," us representative adam schiff, the ranking democrat on the house permanent select committee on intelligence, said in a statement. but he called the latest intrusion "among the most shocking because americans may expect that federal computer networks are maintained with state of the art defences". it is thought that the ramifications of the data breach could potentially affect every federal agency.

ˈpræktɪkəli ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn əˈtɛndəns simd tɪ ˈfeɪvər ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈsteɪdiəm ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə girls’*’ ənd boys’*’ ˈsɑkər timz drɛst ɪn træk suts; ˈjunjən ˈmɛmbərz stɪl ɪn hɑrd hæts; ənd ə ˈfɑðər ˈkɛriɪŋ ə ˈbeɪbi huz ˈbɛdˌtaɪm hæd ˈklɪrli pæst. ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈɔdiəns ˈkɛrid ˈhoʊˈmeɪd saɪnz, ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪkli (ɔlˈbiɪt ˌpriməˈʧʊrli) ˈwɛlkəmɪŋ m.l.s*. tɪ kwinz. goʊl ɪz tɪ bi wən əv ðə tɔp ˈsɑkər ligz ɪn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər wərld baɪ ˈgɑrbər sɛd ɪn ə ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən, pɑrts əv wɪʧ wər trænzˈleɪtəd ˈɪntu ˈspænɪʃ. ˈsteɪdiəm wɪl hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs əˈʧiv ðət. ju bi ə ˈdɑmənənt ˈsɑkər lig wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈdɑmənənt tim ɪn ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ənd moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈsɪti ɪn ðə world.”*.” ðə lig həz ə tim ɪn ˈhɛrɪsən, n.j*., ðə rɛd bʊlz. pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈoʊnərz fər ə tim ɪn kwinz ənd ə ˈpɑsəbəl neɪm fər ðə tim wər nɑt əˈnaʊnst. ˈgɑrbər həz sɛd hi ɪkˈspɛkts ðə nu ˈoʊnər tɪ peɪ 100 ˈmɪljən fər ðə raɪt tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt ðə kləb. ˈgɑrbər sɛd ðə ˈsteɪdiəm wʊd bi ˈfaɪˌnænst ˈpraɪvətli ənd kriˈeɪt æt list ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ənd ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ʤɑbz. hi ˈædɪd ðət tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz wʊd bi ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ɪn ðə pɑrk, wɪʧ ˈhoʊstɪd ðə 1939 ənd 1964 fɛrz bət həz sɪns bɪn nɪˈglɛktɪd. ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈsɑkər fildz, ˈfrikwɛntli juzd fər ˈpɪˌkəp geɪmz, ər ɪn pur kənˈdɪʃən. sən pleɪz ɔl jɪr here,”*,” luis ɔrˈteɪgə, 41 sɛd, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ˈfləʃɪŋ pɑrk, wɪʧ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ hoʊm tɪ ðə mets’*’ ˈsɪti fild ənd ðə ˈbɪli ʤin kɪŋ ˈnæʃənəl ˈtɛnɪs ˈsɛnər, wɪʧ hoʊsts ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈoʊpən. səˈpɔrt ə ˈsteɪdiəm ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn. gʊd bɪˈkəz wi hæv ə tim ˌɪnˈsaɪd nu jɔrk. fər ˈspænɪʃ ˈpipəl əraʊnd hir kərˈoʊnə, ˈʤæksən haɪts, ˈɛlmhərst gʊd. bət wət əˈbaʊt ðə fild maɪ sən pleɪz ɪn? wət happens?”*?” m.l.s*. əˈfɪʃəlz əˈliviˌeɪtɪd ðət kənˈsərn, ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪŋ ðət ðə ˈsɑkər fildz wʊd bi ˈrɛnəˌveɪtɪd ˌbiˈfɔr kənˈstrəkʃən ɔn ðə ˈsteɪdiəm bɪˈgæn ənd ðət ðə kəmˈjunɪti kʊd ˈivɪn juz ðɛm ˈdʊrɪŋ geɪm deɪz. fildz wɪl bi kloʊzd ˈdʊrɪŋ construction,”*,” mɑrk ˈæbət, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt, sɛd, ˈspɑrkɪŋ ʧɪrz ənd ˈwɪsəlz. ˈnuzˌlɛtər saɪn əp kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri pliz ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ jʊr nɑt ə ˈroʊˌbət baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ ðə bɑks. ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs. pliz re-enter*. ju məst səˈlɛkt ə ˈnuzˌlɛtər tɪ səbˈskraɪb tɪ. saɪn əp ju wɪl rɪˈsiv iˈmeɪlz kənˈteɪnɪŋ nuz ˈkɑntɛnt ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd pərˈmoʊʃənz frəm ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz. ju meɪ æt ˈɛni taɪm. ju əˈgri tɪ rɪˈsiv ɔˈkeɪʒənəl ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd ˈspɛʃəl ˈɔfərz fər ðə nu jɔrk ˈtaɪmzɪz ˈprɑdəkts ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz. θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ. ən ˈɛrər həz əˈkərd. pliz traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər. vju ɔl nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈnuzˌlɛtərz. ðə lig sɛd ˈɛvəri ɪnʧ əv ˈpɑrˌklænd juzd fər ðə nu ˈsteɪdiəm wʊd bi ˌriˈpleɪst ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti. ðə ˈfʊtˌprɪnt wʊd teɪk əp 10 tɪ 13 ˈeɪkərz, ˈgɑrbər sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət sɪks ənd ə hæf əv ðoʊz ˈeɪkərz wʊd ˌriˈpleɪs ðə ˈfaʊntən əv ˈplænəts, ə saɪt ðət ɪz ˈkərəntli fɛnst ɔf. lɛs ðən tu ˈeɪkərz əv ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈsteɪdiəm saɪt ɪz ˈgræsˌlænd, hi sɛd. ˈəndər ðə prəˈpoʊzəl, m.l.s*. wʊd hæv ðə raɪt tɪ ɪkˈspænd ðə ˈsteɪdiəm tɪ sits ɪn ðə nɛkst 30 jɪrz. bət ðə ˈfʊtˌprɪnt wʊd nɑt ˌɪnˈkris ɪf sits wər ˈædɪd. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri waɪl səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈsteɪdiəm ræn haɪ, kənˈsərnz ˈsərfɪst. ˈtoʊbi æn, ə steɪt ˈsɛnətər frəm ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt, sɛd ðət ʃi səˈpɔrtɪd ðə ˈsteɪdiəm bət ðət mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈnidɪd tɪ bi ɪksˈʧeɪnʤd. hæv kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə ˈsɑkər fild, ˈmeɪʤər lig ˈsɑkər ənd ðə əˈgrimənt ðət goʊɪŋ tɪ riʧ wɪθ ðə ˈsɪti əv nu york,”*,” sɛd. ər ə lɔt əv kˈwɛsʧənz ðət hæv nɑt bɪn answered.”*.” ˈmɛnʃənd ə ˈrisənt rɪˈpɔrt ɪn nu jɔrk ˈbɪznɪs ðət prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈditeɪlz əv ə prəˈspɛktɪv dil ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd baɪ ðə ˈblumbərg ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə lis æt 1 ə jɪr wɪθ noʊ ˈprɑpərti ˈtæksɪz ər ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈʃɛrɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈsɪti. ər ˈɪʃuz ðət hæv tɪ bi resolved,”*,” sɛd, ˈædɪŋ: hæv ˌrɛzərˈveɪʃənz əˈbaʊt ðə tu ˈɛriəz ðət ðeɪ hæv səˈʤɛstɪd ɛz ˈpɑrˌklænd. aɪ θɪŋk ðeɪ kən du better.”*.” æst wɪʧ saɪts hæd bɪn səˈʤɛstɪd ɛz rɪˈpleɪsmənt pɑrks, dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt, seɪɪŋ səʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl. ɪn ðə ˈpɑrkɪŋ lɔt ˈæftər ðə taʊn hɔl ˈmitɪŋ, ðɛr wɑz ən ˈivɪn ˈstrɔŋgər vɔɪs əv ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən., 58 ə ˈrɛzɪdənt əv ˈʤæksən haɪts, hɛld ə saɪn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˈfɛrnəs ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən əv kwinz, wɪʧ əˈpoʊzɪz ðə ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən əv pɑrk speɪs æt ˈfləʃɪŋ pɑrk. ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz kəm hir ˈsɛlɪŋ ðɛr ˈprɑdəkts seɪɪŋ goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪv jobs,”*,” sɛd. məʧ ˈbɛtər? fər hu? fər ðɛm, əv course.”*.” ʃi ˈædɪd: grin speɪs ðət ɑr kəmˈjunɪti nidz, wi məst hæv ðət. ðɪs ɪz ə speɪs fər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz, fər ɑr kids.”*.” ɛz ðə ˈpipəl faɪld aʊt əv kwinz ˈθieɪtər, fju peɪd əˈtɛnʃən tɪ. ðeɪ hæd ɔˈrɛdi sɛt ðɛr saɪts ɔn 2016

practically everyone in attendance seemed to favor the proposed stadium — including the girls’ and boys’ soccer teams dressed in track suits; union members still in hard hats; and a father carrying a baby whose bedtime had clearly passed. many people in the audience carried homemade signs, enthusiastically (albeit prematurely) welcoming m.l.s. to queens. “our goal is to be one of the top soccer leagues in the entire world by 2022,” garber said in a 30-minute presentation, parts of which were translated into spanish. “this stadium will help us achieve that. you can’t be a dominant soccer league without having a dominant team in the largest and most important city in the world.” the 19-team league has a team in harrison, n.j., the red bulls. potential owners for a 20th team in queens and a possible name for the team were not announced. garber has said he expects the new owner to pay $100 million for the right to operate the club. garber said the stadium would be financed privately and create at least 3,000 permanent and temporary jobs. he added that tens of millions of dollars would be invested in the park, which hosted the 1939 and 1964 world’s fairs but has since been neglected. many of the park’s soccer fields, frequently used for pickup games, are in poor condition. “my son plays all year here,” luis ortega, 41, said, referring to flushing meadows-corona park, which is also home to the mets’ citi field and the billie jean king national tennis center, which hosts the united states open. “i support a stadium coming in. that’s good because we don’t have a team inside new york. for spanish people around here — corona, jackson heights, elmhurst — it’s good. but what about the field my son plays in? what happens?” m.l.s. officials alleviated that concern, emphasizing that the soccer fields would be renovated before construction on the stadium began and that the community could even use them during game days. “no fields will be closed during construction,” mark abbott, the league’s president, said, sparking cheers and whistles. newsletter sign up continue reading the main story please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. invalid email address. please re-enter. you must select a newsletter to subscribe to. sign up you will receive emails containing news content , updates and promotions from the new york times. you may opt-out at any time. you agree to receive occasional updates and special offers for the new york times's products and services. thank you for subscribing. an error has occurred. please try again later. view all new york times newsletters. the league said every inch of parkland used for the new stadium would be replaced elsewhere in the community. the stadium’s footprint would take up 10 to 13 acres, garber said, adding that six and a half of those acres would replace the fountain of planets, a site that is currently fenced off. less than two acres of the proposed stadium site is grassland, he said. under the proposal, m.l.s. would have the right to expand the stadium to 35,000 seats in the next 30 years. but the stadium’s footprint would not increase if seats were added. advertisement continue reading the main story while support for the stadium ran high, concerns surfaced. toby ann stavisky, a state senator from the 16th district, said that she supported the stadium but that more information needed to be exchanged. “i have questions about the relationship between the soccer field, major league soccer and the agreement that they’re going to reach with the city of new york,” stavisky said. “there are a lot of questions that have not been answered.” stavisky mentioned a recent report in crain’s new york business that provided details of a prospective deal outlined by the bloomberg administration, including a 35-year lease at $1 a year with no property taxes or revenue sharing with the city. “these are issues that have to be resolved,” stavisky said, adding: “i have reservations about the two areas that they have suggested as parkland. i think they can do better.” asked which sites had been suggested as replacement parks, stavisky declined to comment, saying such information was confidential. in the parking lot after the town hall meeting, there was an even stronger voice of opposition. leandra requena, 58, a resident of jackson heights, held a sign supporting the fairness coalition of queens, which opposes the elimination of park space at flushing meadows-corona park. “the corporations come here selling their products saying we’re going to give jobs,” requena said. “be much better? for who? for them, of course.” she added: “the green space that our community needs, we must have that. this is a space for generations, for our kids.” as the people filed out of queens theater, few paid attention to requena. they had already set their sights on 2016.

ˈkæmərən ˈfeɪsɪz dɪˈmændz tɪ səˈspɛnd 'bæk tɪ wərk' zɑr ˈæftər pəˈlis lɔnʧ frɔd proʊb ˈɪntu ʤɑb ˈpleɪsmənt skim ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmərən ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ dɪˈmændz tɪ səˈspɛnd hɪz 'bæk tɪ wərk' zɑr ˈɛmə ˈhɛrɪsən ˈæftər pəˈlis lɔnʧt ə frɔd ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri. ə ˈsinjər wɪl təˈdeɪ ˈteɪbəl ə ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri kˈwɛʃən ˈæskɪŋ ɪf hi wɪl blɑk ðə ˈkəmpəniz ˈkɑnˌtrækts. ˈmɪsɪz ˈhɛrɪsən, əˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ hɛlp ˈprɑbləm ˈfæməliz faɪnd ʤɑbz, kɔzd ˈəˌprɔr ðɪs mənθ wɪn ɪt wɑz rɪˈvild ʃi hæd peɪd hərˈsɛlf əv ˈmeɪnli ˈtækˌspeɪərz' kæʃ. 'pɑʃ ˈkɑmjun': bɔs ˈmɪsɪz ˈhɛrɪsənz paɪl həz 16 ˈbɛˌdrumz, 100 ˈeɪkərz əv lænd, ə pul, spɑ, ə bɑr, ə ˈnaɪtˌkləb ənd ə lɔŋ ˈdaɪnɪŋ ˈteɪbəl fər ˈbæŋkwəts praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmərən ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ kɔlz tɪ sæk hɪz 'bæk tɪ wərk' zɑr ˈæftər ə frɔd proʊb wɑz lɔnʧt ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, dɪˈtɛktɪvz ˈvɪzɪtɪd hər ˈkəmpəˌni ˈɔfəsɪz əˈmɪd kleɪmz ðət ɪt tʊk ˈfəndɪŋ fər ˈpʊtɪŋ səm klaɪənts bæk tɪ wərk fər ˈoʊnli ə deɪ. ˈwaɪˌthɔl ˈsɔrsəz seɪ ˈmɪnɪstərz ər dɪˈmændɪŋ ˈərʤənt ˌriəˈʃʊrəns ðɛr ɪz noʊ 'ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk frɔd' dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ rɪp ɔf ðə ˈtækˌspeɪər. ˈmɑrgərɪt hɑʤ, ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈpəblɪk əˈkaʊnts kəˈmɪti, wɛnt ˈfərðər. ʃi sɛd ʃi wʊd bi ˈæskɪŋ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv wərk ənd ˈpɛnʃənz 'ˈwɛðər, ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv frɔd, ðeɪ wɪl bi səˈspɛndɪŋ ðɛr ˈkɑnˌtrækts wɪθ ənˈtɪl ðɪs ˈmætər ɪz riˈzɑlvd'. ʃi ˈædɪd: 'aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ʃʊd ˈsərtənli kənˈsɪdər səˈspɛndɪŋ ðɛm. ɪt ɪz əv greɪt kənˈsərn ðət ˈɛni səʧ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri.' ˈfɔrmərli kɔld ˈækʃən fər ɪmˈplɔɪmənt wɑz sɛt əp tɪ riˈtreɪn rɪˈdəndənt ˈʃɛfild ˈstilˌwərkərz ənd ˈmɪsɪz ˈhɛrɪsən bɪlt ɪt ˈɪntu ən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈspænɪŋ 11 ˈkəntriz. ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ pəˈlis ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə ˈkəmpəniz ˈɔfəsɪz ɪn sləf, ˈbərkˌʃaɪr. ðeɪ steɪd fər əp tɪ fɔr aʊərz ənd dɪˈmændɪd stæf hænd ˈoʊvər ˈdɑkjəmənts ənd kəmˈpjutər faɪlz goʊɪŋ bæk tu jɪrz. ə sɔrs æt ðə ˈkəmpəˌni kleɪmd ðə pəˈlis wər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ðət ðə ˈkəmpəˌni hæd bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ˈʤɛnərəs fiz frəm ˈtækˌspeɪərz fər ˈfaɪndɪŋ 'ʤɑbz' ˈlæstɪŋ noʊ mɔr ðən 24 aʊərz. ðə frɔd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɪl meɪk ənˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈrɛdɪŋ fər ˈmɪstər ˈkæmərən, hu həz heɪld ˈmɪsɪz ˈhɛrɪsən ɛz ən ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən ɪn hɪz kæmˈpeɪn tɪ hɛlp ðə ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd. hi meɪd hər 'ˈfæməliz zɑr' ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2010 tɪ ədˈvaɪz ɔn ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈtrəbəld ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz bæk tɪ wərk. hər boʊsts ðət ʃi kən faɪnd ʤɑbz fər ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd hæv wən hər ə strɪŋ əv ˈlukrətɪv ˈwaɪˌthɔl ˈkɑnˌtrækts wərθ ˈmɪljənz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 20 jɪrz. bət ðɛr wɑz ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ wɪn ɪt wɑz rɪˈvild ðət ʃi hæd əˈwɔrdɪd hərˈsɛlf ən ˈdɪvɪˌdɛnd frəm ðə ˈkəmpəˌni, wɪʧ meɪks ɔl ɪts ˈɪnˌkəm frəm steɪt ˈkɑnˌtrækts. wən ˈleɪbər dɪˈskraɪbd ðə bəˈnænzə ə 'rɪˈwɔrd fər ˈfeɪljər' əˈmɪd kəmˈpleɪnts ðət ˈrɛkərd ɔn ʤɑb skimz ɪz 'əˈbɪzməl'. ˈmɑrgərɪt hɑʤ, hu ɪz ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ˈpəblɪk əˈkaʊnts kəˈmɪti, həz lɛd kɔlz fər ˈmɪsɪz ˈhɛrɪsənz ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ hæv ɪts steɪt ˈkɑnˌtrækts səˈspɛndɪd ˈmɪsɪz ˈhɛrɪsən, 48 ɪz wərθ ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd £70million*. ʃi həz əˈpɪrd ɔn ˈsɛvərəl ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən programmes*, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˌriˈæləˌti ˈsɪriz ˈfeɪməs, rɪʧ ənd ˈʤɑbləs, ənd ˈʧænəl ðə ˈsikrɪt ˌmɪljəˈnɛr. ʃi ənd hər ˈhəzbənd ʤɪm ˈmɛrid ɪn ˈɪndiə ənd ʃi ɪz noʊn tɪ wɛr ə ˈsɑri ɔn ˈfɔrməl ɔˈkeɪʒənz. ðə ˈkəpəl ənd ðɛr fɔr ˈʧɪldrən lɪv ɪn ə ˈmænʃən ɔn ə ɛˈsteɪt ɪn ˈdərbiˌʃər, ʃɛrd wɪθ ˈəðər ˈfæməliz ɪn ən ərˈeɪnʤmənt ˈmɪsɪz ˈhɛrɪsən dɪˈskraɪbz ɛz ə 'pɑʃ ˈkɑmjun'. ˈkɔlərz ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ wər toʊld ʃi wɑz nɑt æt hoʊm. ðə pəˈlis ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən həz ˈprɑmptɪd əˈlɑrm ɪn ˈwaɪˌthɔl. ˈmɪnɪstərz ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ æst fər 'ˈərʤənt ˌriəˈʃʊrənsɪz' ðɛr wɑz noʊ 'ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk frɔd' əv ðə ˈpəblɪk pərs, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə dɪˈpɑrtmənt fər wərk ənd ˈpɛnʃənz sɔrs. fiˈoʊnə məkˈtægərt, ðə ˈleɪbər fər sləf hu ˈɔlsoʊ sɪts ɔn ˈmɪsɪz ˈhɑʤɪz kəˈmɪti, sɛd ʃi wɑz 'ˈdipli kənˈsərnd' əˈbaʊt. ʃi ˈædɪd: 'maɪ vju ɪz ðət ðɪs ˈkəmpəˌni həz ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ðət ɪt ɪz ənˈfɪt tɪ hoʊld ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈkɑnˌtrækt.' ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈmɪnɪstər krɪs ˈgreɪlɪŋ sɛd hi bɪˈlivd ðə ˈmætər rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ɪˈvɛnts ˈəndər ðə ˈleɪbər ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. 'ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ənd aɪ ˈoʊnli dɪˈskəvərd əˈbaʊt ðɪs læst naɪt deɪts bæk tu jɪrz tɪ skimz rən baɪ ðə ˈpriviəs ˈgəvərnmənt. 'ɪt wʊd nɑt bi ˈpɑsəbəl fər ɑr wərk ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ hæv ə frɔd əv ðɪs kaɪnd bɪˈkəz ðə prəˈvaɪdərz ˈɑrənt peɪd ənˈtɪl ˈsəmˌbɑdiz bɪn ɪn wərk fər sɪks mənθs. 'ðə truθ ɪz ðət səm əv ðə skimz pʊt ɪn pleɪs ˈəndər ðə ˈpriviəs ˈgəvərnmənt wər ˈkɑntræktəd ˈvɛri ˈbædli ənd mɪsˈmænɪʤd. wiv traɪd tɪ lərn ðə ˈlɛsənz əv ðɛr ˈfeɪljər.' ɪz wən əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈkɑnˌtræktərz wɪʧ ərn ˈpeɪmənts fər ˈhɛlpɪŋ ðə faɪnd ə ʤɑb. hæf əv ɪts wərk ɪz səbˈkɑntræktɪd tɪ ˈʧɛrɪtiz, ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈmɪljənz ɪn ˈmænɪʤmənt fiz. ɪt peɪd ˈmɪsɪz ˈhɛrɪsən ðə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈæftər ˈpoʊstɪŋ ə ˈtərˌnoʊvər əv £234million*, wɪθ ˈprɑfɪts ˈraɪzɪŋ baɪ tɪ ɪn ðə jɪr tɪ mɑrʧ 2011 ðə ˈkəmpəˌni dɪˈfɛndɪd hər ˈʤækˌpɑt peɪaʊt baɪ seɪɪŋ ʃi hæd rɪskt ˈmɪljənz əv hər oʊn ˈməni ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 21 jɪrz ʃi həz bɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ ðə fərm. hæv kˈwɛsʧənd waɪ həz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ wɪn ˈgəvərnmənt ˈkɑnˌtrækts ˈəndər ˈleɪbər ənd ðə kənˈsərvətɪvz dɪˈspaɪt ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ hɪt ɪts ˈtɑrgəts. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈivɪn rɪˈsivd ə ʃɛr əv ɪn 'tərməˈneɪʃən fiz' wɪn ðə ˈɛndɪd ə ˈpriviəs ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn wɪʧ ðə fərm wɑz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ənd ˌriˈpleɪst ɪt wɪθ əˈnəðər wən. læst naɪt kleɪmd ðə əˈlɛʤd frɔd tʊk pleɪs ɪn 2010 ənd ˌɪnˈvɑlvd fɔr ɪmˈplɔɪiz, ənd ðət ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˌɪtˈsɛlf hæd ənˈkəvərd ɪt. ə ˈspoʊksmən sɛd: 'tɛmz ˈvæli pəˈlis ˈvɪzɪtɪd ɑr ˈɔfəsɪz ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ fər ə mˈjuʧuəli əˈgrid ˈmitɪŋ ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ən ˌæləˈgeɪʃən əv frɔd ðət wɑz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd baɪ ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈprɑsɛsəz ənd wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ ðə əˈθɔrətiz baɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. 'ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃən kənˈsərnz ə ˈvɛri smɔl ˈnəmbər əv ˈfɔrmər ɪmˈplɔɪiz ənd deɪts bæk tɪ 2010 ɛz ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ɪz ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ, wi ˈkænɑt ˈkɑmɛnt ˈfərðər.' ɪt ɪz nɑt ðə fərst taɪm həz bɪn ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ə frɔd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ɪn 2008 ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt fər wərk ənd ˈpɛnʃənz lɔnʧt ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈæftər dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪiz æt ɪts ˈɔfəs ɪn həl wər ˈfɔlsəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈdɑkjəmənts. tu rɪˈkrutərz hæd fɪld ɪn fɔrmz mɛnt tɪ bi ˈrɪtən aʊt baɪ ɪmˈplɔɪərz hu əˈgrid tɪ haɪər ən ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd ˈpərsən ˈivɪn ˈfɔrʤɪŋ ˈsɪgnəʧərz tɪ priˈtɛnd ðə ˈʤɑbləs ˈpərsən hæd bɪn faʊnd wərk, ˈtrɪgərɪŋ ə kəˈmɪʃən ˈpeɪmənt.

cameron faces demands to suspend 'back to work' tsar after police launch fraud probe into job placement scheme david cameron is facing demands to suspend his 'back to work' tsar emma harrison after police launched a fraud inquiry. a senior mp will today table a parliamentary question asking if he will block the a4e company's contracts. mrs harrison, appointed to help problem families find jobs, caused uproar this month when it was revealed she had paid herself £8.6million of mainly taxpayers' cash. 'posh commune': a4e boss mrs harrison's £5million pile has 16 bedrooms, 100 acres of land, a pool, spa, a bar, a nightclub and a long dining table for banquets prime minister david cameron is facing calls to sack his 'back to work' tsar after a fraud probe was launched on friday, detectives visited her company a4e's offices amid claims that it took funding for putting some clients back to work for only a day. whitehall sources say ministers are demanding urgent reassurance there is no 'systematic fraud' designed to rip off the taxpayer. margaret hodge, chairman of the influential public accounts committee, went further. she said she would be asking the department of work and pensions 'whether, given the allegations of fraud, they will be suspending their contracts with a4e until this matter is resolved'. she added: 'i think the government should certainly consider suspending them. it is of great concern that any such investigation is necessary.' a4e – formerly called action for employment – was set up to retrain redundant sheffield steelworkers and mrs harrison built it into an operation spanning 11 countries. on friday police visited the company's offices in slough, berkshire. they stayed for up to four hours and demanded staff hand over documents and computer files going back two years. a source at the company claimed the police were investigating allegations that the company had been given generous fees from taxpayers for finding 'jobs' lasting no more than 24 hours. the fraud investigation will make uncomfortable reading for mr cameron, who has hailed mrs harrison as an inspiration in his campaign to help the unemployed. he made her 'families tsar' in december 2010 to advise on getting 120,000 troubled households back to work. her boasts that she can find jobs for the long-term unemployed have won her a string of lucrative whitehall contracts worth millions over the past 20 years. but there was outrage when it was revealed that she had awarded herself an £8.6million dividend from the company, which makes all its uk income from state contracts. one labour mp described the bonanza a 'reward for failure' amid complaints that a4e's record on job schemes is 'abysmal'. labour's margaret hodge, who is chairman of the public accounts committee, has led calls for mrs harrison's company to have its state contracts suspended mrs harrison, 48, is worth an estimated £70million. she has appeared on several television programmes, including the bbc1 reality series famous, rich and jobless, and channel 4's the secret millionaire. she and her husband jim married in india and she is known to wear a sari on formal occasions. the couple and their four children live in a 16-bedroom mansion on a 100-acre estate in derbyshire, shared with other families in an arrangement mrs harrison describes as a 'posh commune'. callers yesterday were told she was not at home. the police investigation has prompted alarm in whitehall. ministers yesterday asked for 'urgent reassurances' there was no 'systematic fraud' of the public purse, according to a department for work and pensions source. fiona mactaggart, the labour mp for slough who also sits on mrs hodge's committee, said she was 'deeply concerned' about a4e. she added: 'my view is that this company has demonstrated that it is unfit to hold this kind of contract.' employment minister chris grayling said he believed the matter related to events under the labour administration. 'the inquiry – and i only discovered about this last night – dates back two years to schemes run by the previous government. 'it would not be possible for our work programme to have a fraud of this kind because the providers aren't paid until somebody's been in work for six months. 'the truth is that some of the schemes put in place under the previous government were contracted very badly and mismanaged. we've tried to learn the lessons of their failure.' a4e is one of several contractors which earn payments for helping the out-of-work find a job. half of its work is subcontracted to charities, generating millions in management fees. it paid mrs harrison the controversial £8.6million after posting a turnover of £234million, with pre-tax profits rising by £5.5million to £15million in the year to march 2011. the company defended her jackpot payout by saying she had risked millions of her own money during the 21 years she has been building the firm. mps have questioned why a4e has continued to win government contracts – under labour and the conservatives – despite failing to hit its targets. the company even received a share of £63million in 'termination fees' when the dwp ended a previous back-to-work programme in which the firm was involved and replaced it with another one. last night a4e claimed the alleged fraud took place in 2010 and involved four employees, and that the company itself had uncovered it. a spokesman said: 'thames valley police visited our offices on friday for a mutually agreed meeting in relation to an allegation of fraud that was identified by a4e's internal processes and was reported to the authorities by the company. 'the allegation concerns a very small number of former employees and dates back to 2010. as the investigation is ongoing, we cannot comment further.' it is not the first time a4e has been involved in a fraud investigation. in 2008, the department for work and pensions launched an inquiry after discovering employees at its office in hull were falsifying documents. two recruiters had filled in forms meant to be written out by employers who agreed to hire an unemployed person – even forging signatures to pretend the jobless person had been found work, triggering a commission payment.

ˈfɔrmər ˈmædɪsən pəˈlis ʧif ˈlɛri ˈmənsi həz lɔst ən əˈpil əv hɪz kənˈvɪkʃən fər kənˈtɛmpt əv kɔrt ɪn ðə traɪəl əv ˈɔfɪsər ˈɛrɪk ˈpɑrkər. ˈmənsi, hu rɪˈzaɪnd ɛz ʧif læst jɪr ˈæftər biɪŋ pleɪst ɔn liv, wɑz faʊnd ɪn kənˈtɛmpt fər ˈɔrdərɪŋ ˈɔfɪsərz hu ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ɪn ðə traɪəl tɪ səbˈmɪt rɪˈpɔrts tɪ ɪm ɔn ðɛr ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni. ˈmənsi wɑz faʊnd ɪn kənˈtɛmpt ənd ˈgɪlti əv ə klæs bi ˌmɪsdəˈminər bɪˈkəz hi ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ðə kɔrts ˌsɛkwəˈstreɪʃən ˈɔrdər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə traɪəl. ˈwɪtnəsɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmənsi ənd ˈəðər ˈɔfɪsərz, wər nɑt səˈpoʊzd tɪ noʊ wət ˈəðərz ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd. ˈmædɪsən pəˈlis ʧif hɛld ɪn kənˈtɛmpt ɪn ˈɛrɪk ˈpɑrkər keɪs, pleɪst ɔn liv ˈmædɪsən pəˈlis ʧif ˈlɛri ˈmənsi wɑz faɪnd ənd ˈɔrdərd tɪ ˌəndərˈgoʊ ˈspɛʃəl ˈtreɪnɪŋ. "bɪˈkəz ðɛr wɑz səˈfɪʃənt ˈɛvədəns tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrts kənˈkluʒən ðət ˈmənsi ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ðə ˈɔrdər, wi əˈfərm ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt," ðə ˈsərkət kɔrt əv əˈpilz roʊt ɪn ə dɪˈsɪʒən riˈlist ðɪs wik. ˈmənsi ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpərsən hu həz bɪn kənˈvɪktəd ɪn ðə sɛpˈtɛmbər 2015 ˈɪndiən ˈgrænˌfɑðər traɪəl. ˈpɑrkər wɑz əˈkjuzd əv ɪkˈsɛsɪv fɔrs fər sˈlæmɪŋ pəˈtɛl tɪ ðə graʊnd waɪl rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ə səˈspɪʃəs ˈpərsən kɔl, bət ðə ˈɔfɪsər ˈleɪtər wɑz əkˈwɪtɪd. ˈmənsi ənd capt*. ˈtɛrəl kʊk sɛnt ˈsɑrʤənt. lɑˈmɑr ˈændərsən tɪ əbˈzərv ðə traɪəl ənd rɪˈpɔrt bæk wət ðə ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni wɑz, ðə kɔrts hæv sɛd. ˈmənsi wɑz kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðə pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈlʊkɪŋ bæd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈpilz kɔrt. hi wɑz ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ˈɔfɪsərz ˈtɛlɪŋ ðə ˈʤʊri ðət ðeɪ bɪˈlivd ˈpɑrkərz ˈkɑndəkt wɑz ɪn laɪn wɪθ dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈpɑləsi ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ, ənd ðət ðeɪ wʊd hæv dən ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɪn ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ˈpɑrkər hæd stɑpt pəˈtɛl, ə ˈneɪtɪv əv ˈɪndiə hu ˈdɪdənt spik ˈɪŋlɪʃ, fər kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ɛz hi wɔkt nɪr hɪz sənz ˈmædɪsən hoʊm. ðə lɛft pəˈtɛl ɪn nid əv ˈspaɪnəl ˈsərʤəri ənd lɔnʧt ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɪnsədənt. ˈmənsi sɛnt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ iˈmeɪl tɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈɔfɪsərz: "əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ 19 ənd ðə ˈhəntsvɪl taɪmz, iʧ əv ju ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ˈəndər oʊθ ðət ˈmædɪsən ˈsɪti pəˈlis ˈpɑləsi səˈpɔrtɪd ˈpɑrkərz juz əv fɔrs ɔn ˈmɪstər. pəˈtɛl, ənd ɪn ðət seɪm ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ju wʊd hæv dən ðə seɪm. pliz prəˈvaɪd mi wɪθ ə ˈrɪtən ˈsteɪtmənt ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ɪf ðiz rɪˈpɔrts ər kərˈɛkt; ɪf ðeɪ ər nɑt kərˈɛkt, ɪkˈspleɪn wət ju dɪd seɪ. sɛnd ðə rɪˈpɔrts dɪˈrɛkli tɪ mi wɪˈθɪn tˈwɛntiˌfɔr aʊərz əv ðə ˈpɑrkər keɪs biɪŋ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd, nɑt ˌbiˈfɔr." ˈmənsi ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ðət ˈpɑrkər, hu wɑz ʧɑrʤd ˈloʊkəli wɪθ ˌmɪsdəˈminər əˈsɔlt, bi faɪərd. ˈpɑrkər ˈəltəmətli wɑz əkˈwɪtɪd əv ðə ɪkˈsɛsɪv fɔrs ˈʧɑrʤɪz bɪˈkəz tu ˈfɛdərəl traɪəlz ˈɛndɪd wɪθ ˈʤʊriz əˈneɪbəl tɪ riʧ juˈnænəməs ˈvərdɪkts. ˈpɑrkər həz sɪns rɪˈtərnd tɪ wərk. ˈɔfɪsər ˈɛrɪk ˈpɑrkər bæk ɔn ðə ʤɑb, əv ˈɪndiən mæn dɪd nɑt ˈvaɪəleɪt ˈpɑləsi "ˈæftər hɪz ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪz kəmˈplit," ˈæktɪŋ ʧif ʤɪm kʊk roʊt, "hi wɪl rɪˈsiv hɪz ˈduti əˈsaɪnmənt." juz. ˈdɪstrɪkt ʤəʤ ˈmædəlɪn juz haikala*, hu əkˈwɪtɪd ˈpɑrkər, ɪz ðə ʤəʤ hu faʊnd ˈmənsi ɪn kənˈtɛmpt. ˈmənsi rɪˈzaɪnd ɛz ʧif dɛk. 1 ˈæftər biɪŋ pleɪst ɔn liv eɪt mənθs ˈərliər baɪ trɔɪ ˈtrələk.

former madison police chief larry muncey has lost an appeal of his conviction for contempt of court in the excessive-force trial of officer eric parker. muncey, who resigned as chief last year after being placed on leave, was found in contempt for ordering officers who testified in the trial to submit reports to him on their testimony. muncey was found in contempt and guilty of a class b misdemeanor because he violated the court's sequestration order during the trial. witnesses, including muncey and other officers, were not supposed to know what others testified. madison police chief held in contempt in eric parker case, placed on leave madison police chief larry muncey was fined $2,500 and ordered to undergo special training. "because there was sufficient evidence to support the district court's conclusion that muncey violated the order, we affirm the district court," the 11th circuit court of appeals wrote in a decision released this week. muncey is the only person who has been convicted in the september 2015 indian grandfather trial. parker was accused of excessive force for slamming sureshbhai patel to the ground while responding to a suspicious person call, but the officer later was acquitted. muncey and capt. terrell cook sent sgt. lamar anderson to observe the trial and report back what the testimony was, the courts have said. muncey was concerned about the police department looking bad, according to the appeals court. he was worried about officers telling the jury that they believed parker's conduct was in line with department policy and training, and that they would have done the same thing in the situation. parker had stopped patel, a native of india who didn't speak english, for questioning as he walked near his son's madison home. the takedown left patel in need of spinal surgery and launched an international incident. muncey sent the following email to several officers: "according to whnt 19 and the huntsville times, each of you testified under oath that madison city police policy supported parker's use of force on mr. patel, and in that same situation, you would have done the same. please provide me with a written statement explaining if these reports are correct; if they are not correct, explain what you did say. send the reports directly to me within twenty-four hours of the parker case being decided, not before." muncey recommended that parker, who was charged locally with misdemeanor assault, be fired. parker ultimately was acquitted of the excessive force charges because two federal trials ended with juries unable to reach unanimous verdicts. parker has since returned to work. officer eric parker back on the job, takedown of indian man did not violate policy "after his training is complete," acting chief jim cooke wrote, "he will receive his duty assignment." u.s. district judge madeline hughes haikala, who acquitted parker, is the judge who found muncey in contempt. muncey resigned as chief dec. 1 after being placed on leave eight months earlier by then-mayor troy trulock.

fər ˈmaɪgrənts ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ ˈɛnər ˈjʊrəp, ɪt ɪz ðə bɛst ˈpɑsəbəl ˈʃɔrtˌkət. ə kwɪk tæp ɔn ðɛr teɪks ðɛm tɪ ðə ˈtrævələrz' ˈplætˌfɔrm, ə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ ðət prəˈvaɪdz ðə ˈænsərz tɪ ɔl ðɛr nidz. ɪf ðoʊz nidz ˈhæpən tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ə feɪk ˈsɪriən ˈpæˌspɔrt soʊ ðeɪ kən poʊz ɛz ə ˈrɛfjuʤi, ɪt wɪl teɪk mɪr ˈmoʊmənts tɪ faɪnd ˈsəmˌwən hu ɪz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ əˈblaɪʤ. ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ən ˌəndərˈkəvər ˈtɛləˌgræf rɪˈpɔrtər rikˈwaɪərd ʤɪst wən foʊn kɔl tɪ ə ˈnəmbər ˈlɪstɪd ɔn ðə saɪt tɪ əreɪnʤ ˈpæsɪʤ frəm ˈtərki tɪ gris, wɪθ ə feɪk ˈsɪriən ˈpæˌspɔrt ˌɪnˈkludɪd, fər all-in*. ə ˈpipəl sˈməgələr ˈjuzɪŋ ðə neɪm hæd rɪˈplaɪd tɪ ə poʊst frəm ə ˈsɪriən ˈwʊmən ˈwɑnɪŋ hɛlp tɪ gɪt tɪ gris ˈæftər ðə fərst boʊt ʃi traɪd sæŋk. ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər "modar*" lɛft ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ, ən ˈtɛləˌgræf rɪˈpɔrtər ˈpoʊzɪŋ ɛz ən ɪˈʤɪpʃən kɔld ðə ˈnəmbər prəˈvaɪdɪd ənd æst haʊ ˈizi ɪt wʊd bi tɪ gɪt tɪ ˈjʊrəp ɛz ən ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈmaɪgrənt. "fər ˈjuˈɛs ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈprɑbləm, bət ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðɛr ɪn ˈjʊrəp," rɪˈplaɪd. "ɪt ɪz ʤɪst wən aʊərz trɪp ənd ˈvɛri seɪf. ɪt ɪz ə ˈrəbər boʊt, ə ˈdɪŋi, ɪt ˈdəzənt sɪŋk." hi ˈɔfərd tɪ teɪk ɑr rɪˈpɔrtər frəm ðə pɔrt əv tɪ ɔn ðə grik ˈaɪlənd əv lesbos*, fər pər ˈpərsən, wɪθ ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər 10 ˈtrævəlɪŋ hæf praɪs. ðə ˈmitɪŋ pɔɪnt wʊd bi ɪn ˌɪstɑnˈbul, ənd frəm ðɛr wʊd əreɪnʤ ˈtrænspɔrt tɪ. ɑr rɪˈpɔrtər sɛd hi wɑz kənˈsərnd ðət hi wʊd bi dɪˈpɔrtəd wɪn hi gɑt tɪ gris. wʊd ɪt bi ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ gɪt feɪk ˈsɪriən ˈpeɪpərz? "ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl," keɪm ðə rɪˈplaɪ, "bət ɪt wɪl kɔst ju ə lɔt əˈbaʊt tɪ ɪts nɑt ˌgɛrənˈtid ðət ɪt wɪl wərk, ɛz ɪts fɔrʤd, soʊ ðɛr ɪz ə ˈdeɪnʤər ju wɪl bi dɪˈskəvərd." ˈəðər ˈpipəl sˈməgələrz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ər mɔr ˈkɑnfədənt, ˈhævɪŋ əbˈteɪnd ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn blæŋk ˈpæˌspɔrts ˈstoʊlən frəm ˈgəvərnmənt ˈbɪldɪŋz ɪn ˈsɪriə əˈmɪd ðə keɪɑs əv ɪts ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈkɑnflɪkt, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə məˈʃinz fər ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ ðɛm. ɔl ðət ɪz ˈnidɪd ɪz ə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf tɪ meɪk ðɛm ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbəl frəm ðə ˈpæˌspɔrts əv ril ˈsɪriənz. ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈlaɪsənsɪz ənd aɪˈdɛntəˌti kɑrdz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn ˈɔfər. ðə ˈtrævələrz' ˈplætˌfɔrm ˈfeɪsˌbʊk grup, wɪʧ ɪz ɪn ˈɛrəbɪk, həz ˈmɛmbərz, wɪθ mɔr ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈɛvəri deɪ. ˈhənərdz əv nu poʊsts əˈpɪr ɔn ə ˈdeɪli ˈbeɪsɪs, boʊθ frəm ˈmaɪgrənts ˈsikɪŋ hɛlp ənd sˈməgələrz ˈtaʊtɪŋ fər ˈbɪznɪs. ðə grups ˈmɛmbərz əˈpɪr tɪ kəm frəm əˈkrɔs ðə ˈærəb wərld, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈlɛbənən, ˈiʤɪpt, ˈsɪriə, ˌɪˈrɑk, ˈʤɔrdən ənd æˈlʤɪriə. ðɛr ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwɔrnɪŋz frəm ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈsɪriənz ðət ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈmaɪgrənts ənd ˈivɪn ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðɛr plaɪt tɪ faɪnd ə weɪ ˈɪntu ˈjʊrəp. wən ˈmɛmbər ˈpoʊstɪd ə ˈpɪkʧər əv tu mɛn frəm ˈlɛbənən hi sɪz hæv lɪŋks tɪ ðə ˈʃiə ˈɪsləmɪst hɪzˈboʊlə grup, hu hæv juzd feɪkt ˈsɪriən ˈdɑkjəmənts tɪ meɪk ɪt tɪ ˈʤərməni. əˈnəðər poʊst ʃoʊz ə jəŋ ˈkəpəl frəm ˈlɛbənən ˈpoʊzɪŋ ɪn ˈʤərməni ˈæftər əˈlɛʤədli ˈjuzɪŋ feɪk ˈsɪriən ˈdɑkjəmənts tɪ gɪt ðɛr. ðə tru ɪkˈstɛnt əv ðə feɪk ˈpæˌspɔrt skæm ɪz nɑt jɛt noʊn, bət ðə fækt ðət feɪk ˈsɪriən ˈpæˌspɔrts wər sizd ɪn bəlˈgɛriə, ʤɪst wən əv ðə ˈkəntriz ɔn ðə ˈmaɪgrənt rut, gɪvz ən aɪˈdiə əv ðə skeɪl əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈfɔrʤəri. ə ˈrɛfjuʤi kɔld ˈritə, 26 hu wəns wərkt æt ə ˈtʊrɪst ˈɔfəs ɪn dəˈmæskəs, sɛd: "ɔl ˈpipəl priˈtɛnd tɪ bi ˈsɪriən. ju kən baɪ ˈsɪriən ˈpæˌspɔrts ɪn lɑts əv ˈpleɪsɪz: ɪn gris, ɪn ˌmæsəˈdoʊniə, ˈsərbiə ənd ˈtərki." əˈlaɪəs, ən frəm al-hasakah*, ˈsɪriə, ˈkrɔsɪŋ frəm ˈsərbiə tɪ kroʊˈeɪʃə, sɛd: "ju kən baɪ ə ˈsɪriən ˈpæˌspɔrt fər 200 ər 300 ˈjuˌroʊz. ˌɪˈræki ˈpipəl sɛl ðɛm ɪn ˌɪstɑnˈbul ɪn ˈsikrɪt ˈpleɪsɪz. ðeɪ kən tɛl ˈpipəlz ˈkəntriz frəm ðɛr lʊk, ənd ðeɪ goʊ tɪ ðɛm ɔn ðə strit. ðɛr ər ˈpipəl frəm ˌɪˈrɑk, ˈʤɔrdən, ˈiʤɪpt hu priˈtɛnd tɪ bi ˈsɪriən." ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈvɪktɪmz ər ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈsɪriən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz, hu ər ˈlɪvɪd ðət ðɛr plaɪt ɪz biɪŋ ˈhaɪˌʤækt baɪ ənˈskrupjələs ˈmaɪgrənts frəm ˈəðər ˈkəntriz hu ˈfænsi ðɛr ˈʧænsɪz əv ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈjʊrəp. ðeɪ fɪr ðət ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkəntriz wɪl kloʊz ðɛr ˈbɔrdərz tɪ ˈmaɪgrənts ˈæftər biɪŋ ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmd baɪ ʃɪr ˈnəmbərz, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsɪriənz ɪn ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn nid kən gɪt ðɛr. ɪn ˈθɪri, ˈpipəl wɪθ feɪk ˈdɑkjəmənts ʃʊd bi ˈwidɪd aʊt baɪ ˈbɔrdər gɑrdz ˈjuzɪŋ kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛrz əˈbaʊt ðə kleɪmd ˈkəntri əv ˈɔrəʤən. krɪb ʃits ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ɪn kəˈleɪ tɪ hɛlp ˈmaɪgrənts gɪv ə teɪst əv wət ðeɪ kən ɪkˈspɛkt: wət dɪz jʊr ˈnæʃənəl flæg lʊk laɪk? wət ɪz ðə neɪm əv ðə nɛkst ˈvɪlɪʤ tɪ jʊrz? kən ju dɪˈskraɪb ðə kɔɪnz ənd noʊts ɪn jʊr ˈkəntri? bət wən ˈfɔrmər ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən əˈfɪʃəl sɛd: "ɪf ˈsəmˌwən sɪz ðeɪ ər frəm ən ˈɛriə əv ˈsɪriə ðət wi doʊnt hæv məʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt, ðeɪ ˈɔfən ˈsɪmpli ɛnd əp ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ðə daʊt. tɪ ˈrɪli ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ˈsəmˌwən ˈprɑpərli ənd ˈʧælənʤ ðɛr ˈvərʒən əv ɪˈvɛnts teɪks ə lɔt əv wərk, ənd ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈnəmbərz əv ˈmaɪgrənts wi ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt naʊ, ðət ɪz ən ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl ʤɑb. fər ə lɔt əv ˈgəvərnmənts ðə ˈizi ˈɔpʃən ɪz ˈsɪmpli tɪ əkˈsɛpt wət əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz seɪ æt feɪs ˈvælju." ˈjʊrəps ˈlidərz əkˈsɛpt ðeɪ hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə haʊ ˈmɛni ˈmaɪgrənts ðɛr ər, ər wɛr ðeɪ ər. ˈleɪtəst ˈfɪgjərz frəm ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kəˈmɪʃən ʃoʊ ðət aʊt əv ˌɪˈligəl ˈɛntriz tɪ gris ɪn ðə fərst hæf əv ðɪs jɪr, ˈoʊnli sɛts əv ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪnts wər sɛnt tɪ eurodac*, ðə ˈsɪstəm əv ˈtrækɪŋ ˈmaɪgrənts. ɪn ˈɪtəli ðə ˈfɪgjər wɑz ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪnts ˈteɪkən frəm ˌɪˈligəl ˈmaɪgrənts. ɛz ˈdɑnəld təsk, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkaʊnsəl, sɛd ɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ˌjʊrəˈpiən prɛˈmɪrz ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd, "wi ɛz ˌjʊrəˈpiənz ər ˈkərəntli nɑt ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ɑr ˈkɑmən ɪkˈstərnəl ˈbɔrdərz". ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz ˈrɪtən baɪ ˈgɔrdən ˈreɪnər ˈkoʊlɪn ˈfrimən ənd dæn ˈnoʊlən ɪn kroʊˈeɪʃə frəm ðə ˈdeɪli ˈtɛləˌgræf ənd wɑz ˈligəli ˈlaɪsənst θru ðə ˈpəblɪʃər ˈnɛtˌwərk.

for migrants looking to enter europe, it is the best possible shortcut. a quick tap on their smartphone takes them to the travellers' platform, a facebook page that provides the answers to all their needs. if those needs happen to include a fake syrian passport so they can pose as a refugee, it will take mere moments to find someone who is willing to oblige. on monday an undercover telegraph reporter required just one phone call to a number listed on the site to arrange passage from turkey to greece, with a fake syrian passport included, for £2,000 all-in. a people smuggler using the name modar alnabwany had replied to a post from a syrian woman wanting help to get to greece after the first boat she tried sank. minutes after "modar" left the message, an arabic-speaking telegraph reporter posing as an egyptian called the number provided and asked how easy it would be to get to europe as an egyptian migrant. "for us there is no problem, but the problem is there in europe," replied modar. "it is just one hour's trip and very safe. it is a rubber boat, a dinghy, it doesn't sink." he offered to take our reporter from the port of izmir to mytilene on the greek island of lesbos, for £800 per person, with children under 10 travelling half price. the meeting point would be in istanbul, and from there modar would arrange transport to izmir. our reporter said he was concerned that he would be deported when he got to greece. would it be possible to get fake syrian papers? "it is possible," came the reply, "but it will cost you a lot - about $1,500 to $2,000 (£1,000 - £1,300). it's not guaranteed that it will work, as it's forged, so there is a danger you will be discovered." other people smugglers, however, are more confident, having obtained genuine blank passports stolen from government buildings in syria amid the chaos of its internal conflict, as well as the machines for processing them. all that is needed is a photograph to make them indistinguishable from the passports of real syrians. driving licences and identity cards are also on offer. the travellers' platform facebook group, which is in arabic, has 120,000 members, with more joining every day. hundreds of new posts appear on a daily basis, both from migrants seeking help and smugglers touting for business. the group's members appear to come from across the arab world, including lebanon, egypt, syria, iraq, jordan and algeria. there are also warnings from genuine syrians that economic migrants and even terrorists are taking advantage of their plight to find a way into europe. one member posted a picture of two men from lebanon he says have links to the shia islamist hizbollah group, who have used faked syrian documents to make it to germany. another post shows a young couple from lebanon posing in germany after allegedly using fake syrian documents to get there. the true extent of the fake passport scam is not yet known, but the fact that 10,000 fake syrian passports were seized in bulgaria, just one of the countries on the migrant route, gives an idea of the scale of potential forgery. a refugee called rita, 26, who once worked at a tourist office in damascus, said: "all people pretend to be syrian. you can buy syrian passports in lots of places: in greece, in macedonia, serbia and turkey." elias, an 18-year-old from al-hasakah, syria, crossing from serbia to croatia, said: "you can buy a syrian passport for 200 or 300 euros. iraqi people sell them in istanbul in secret places. they can tell people's countries from their look, and they go to them on the street. there are people from iraq, jordan, egypt who pretend to be syrian." the biggest victims are genuine syrian refugees, who are livid that their plight is being hijacked by unscrupulous migrants from other arabic-speaking countries who fancy their chances of getting into europe. they fear that european countries will close their borders to migrants after being overwhelmed by sheer numbers, before syrians in genuine need can get there. in theory, people with fake documents should be weeded out by border guards using questionnaires about the claimed country of origin. crib sheets posted on noticeboards in calais to help migrants give a taste of what they can expect: what does your national flag look like? what is the name of the next village to yours? can you describe the coins and notes in your country? but one former immigration official said: "if someone says they are from an area of syria that we don't have much information about, they often simply end up getting the benefit of the doubt. to really investigate someone properly and challenge their version of events takes a lot of work, and given the numbers of migrants we are talking about now, that is an impossible job. for a lot of governments the easy option is simply to accept what asylum seekers say at face value." europe's leaders accept they have no idea how many migrants there are, or where they are. latest figures from the european commission show that out of 160,000 illegal entries to greece in the first half of this year, only 55,000 sets of fingerprints were sent to eurodac, the europe-wide system of tracking migrants. in italy the figure was 30,000 fingerprints taken from 92,000 illegal migrants. as donald tusk, the president of the european council, said in a letter to european premiers this weekend, "we as europeans are currently not able to manage our common external borders". this article was written by gordon rayner colin freeman and dan nolan in croatia from the daily telegraph and was legally licensed through the newscred publisher network.

fər ðoʊz deɪz wɪn jʊr kərlz ər ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈprɪti gʊd, bət tu hɑt tɪ liv jʊr hɛr aʊt, ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈpoʊniˌteɪl ɪz ðə səˈluʃən. bət ə ˈpoʊniˌteɪl ɪz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ðət ˈizi ɪn ˈkərli hɛr. baɪ ðə taɪm drægd jʊr hɛr θru ən ɪˈlæstɪk ɪt lʊk soʊ gʊd ˌɛniˈmɔr. feɪs ɪt, haʊ ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs wɛr ə ˈpoʊniˌteɪl ɛz ə ˈhɛrˌstaɪl moʊst əv ðə taɪm? bət haʊ du ju sɪˈkjʊr jʊr ˈpoʊniˌteɪl ɪn pleɪs? ðɪs ˈsɪmpəl tul wɪl ʧeɪnʤ haʊ ju wɛr jʊr ˈpoʊniˌteɪl. maɪ ˈleɪtəst ˈvɪdioʊz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv jʊr ˈrɛgjələr hɛr ɪˈlæstɪk, juz ə hɛr ˈbənʤi tɪ kriˈeɪt ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈpoʊniˌteɪl fər ˈkərli hɛr. ðə ˈbənʤi ræps əraʊnd jʊr ˈpoʊniˌteɪl soʊ noʊ ˈpʊlɪŋ æt jʊr hɛr. ju kən meɪk ɪt ɛz taɪt ɛz ju nid soʊ ju ˈɔlˌweɪz gɪt ðə raɪt ˈtɛnʃən ɪn jʊr ˈpoʊniˌteɪl. hɛr greɪt fər haɪ ənd fər lɔŋ hɛr. juzd hɛr frəm ðə ˈmɪstər fænˈtæstɪk ˈstaɪlɪŋ pæk fər ðɪs ˈhɛrˌstaɪl. ju kən faɪnd hɛr æt əˈdɔr ˈbjuti ər folica*. ˈkərli ˈhɛrˌstaɪl tuˈtɔriəl: ðə ˈkərli ˈpoʊniˌteɪl ˈgæðər jʊr hɛr ˈlusli wɛr ju wɔnt tɪ pəˈzɪʃən jʊr ˈpoʊniˌteɪl. ə haɪ ˈpoʊniˌteɪl ɪz mɔr fən ənd ˈspɔrti, waɪl ə loʊ ˈpoʊniˌteɪl ɪz mɔr ˈklæsɪk. teɪk jʊr hɛr ˈbənʤi ənd hʊk wən ɛnd ˈɪntu ðə ˈəndərˌsaɪd əv ðə tɔp əv jʊr ˈpoʊniˌteɪl. wɪnd ðə ˈəðər ɛnd əraʊnd ənˈtɪl taɪt ənd hʊk ɪt ɪn pleɪs tɪ sɪˈkjʊr jʊr ˈpoʊniˌteɪl. ˈʤɛntli ˈlusən ðə hɛr əˈbəv jʊr hɛr ɪˈlæstɪk baɪ ˈpʊlɪŋ ɪt aʊt ʤɪst ə ˈlɪtəl. aɪ laɪk tɪ si ðə ˈtɛksʧər əv ˈkərli hɛr ənd θɪŋk ɪt lʊks ˈbɛtər ɪf ju liv ðɪs staɪl wɪθ ə ˈsɔftər, mɔr rɪˈlækst ˈfɪnɪʃ. si maɪ ˈleɪtəst tuˈtɔriəl fər ˈkərli hɛr ðə ˈdəbəl bən hir ənd faɪnd mɔr ˈkərli hɛr poʊsts hir. haʊ ˈɔfən du ju wɛr ə ˈpoʊniˌteɪl?

for those days when your curls are looking pretty good, but it’s too hot to leave your hair out, a simple ponytail is the solution. but a ponytail is not always that easy in curly hair. by the time you’ve dragged your hair through an elastic it look so good anymore. let’s face it, how many of us wear a ponytail as a fall-back hairstyle most of the time? but how do you secure your ponytail in place? this simple tool will change how you wear your ponytail. my latest videos instead of your regular hair elastic, use a hair bungee to create the perfect ponytail for curly hair. the bungee wraps around your ponytail so there’s no pulling at your hair. you can make it as tight as you need so you always get the right tension in your ponytail. hair bungees great for high ponytails and for long hair. i’ve used hair bungees from the evo mister fantastic styling pack for this hairstyle. you can find hair bungees at adore beauty or folica. curly hairstyle tutorial: the curly ponytail step-by-step gather your hair loosely where you want to position your ponytail. a high ponytail is more fun and sporty, while a low ponytail is more classic. take your hair bungee and hook one end into the underside of the top of your ponytail. wind the other end around until it’s tight and hook it in place to secure your ponytail. gently loosen the hair above your hair elastic by pulling it out just a little. i like to see the texture of curly hair and think it looks better if you leave this style with a softer, more relaxed finish. see my latest tutorial for curly hair – the double bun here and find more curly hair posts here. how often do you wear a ponytail?

ˈwɔʃɪŋtən nɛkst mənθ, ðə ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ rɪˈpil ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl əv ðə nɛt nuˈtræləti rulz ðət ˈgəvərn haʊ ˈɪntərˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdərz ˈhændəl ˈtræfɪk ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ðə ˈækʃən ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ ən ˈaʊtˌkraɪ ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. səˈlɛbrɪtiz səʧ ɛz əˈlɪsə miˈlɑnoʊ ənd rɑn ˈpərlmən hæv əˈbaʊt ɪt, ənd ə hoʊst əv ˈpəblɪk ˈɪntəˌrɛst grups plæn tɪ meɪk ə lɔt əv nɔɪz ɪn ðə lɛd əp tɪ ðə dɛk. 14 voʊt. ʤɑn ˈɑlɪvər wɔrnd əv ðə ˌɪmˈpɛndɪŋ ˈækʃən ɪn ˈsɛvərəl ˌsɛgˈmɛnts ɔn hɪz ˈeɪʧbiˈoʊ ʃoʊ wik tonight”*” ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr. ðə wʊd rɪˈvərs ʤɪst əˈbaʊt ɔl əv ðə ˈækʃənz ðət ðə tʊk ɪn 2015 wɪn ɪt ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə sɛt əv roʊˈbəst rul əv ðə roʊd fər ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. bət wət wɪl ɪt min fər ðə ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ˈɪndəstri? ˈstudiˌoʊz, θru ðɛr treɪd əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən mpaa*, hæv ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪn kwaɪt ˈsaɪlənt ɔn ˈwɛðər ðeɪ ˈfeɪvər ər dɪsˈfeɪvər ðə ˈpɛndɪŋ ˈækʃən. ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən ɪz ˈkɑmˌkæst, ðə ˈpɛrənt ˈkəmpəˌni əv nbcuniversal*, wɪʧ, ɛz wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈɪntərˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdərz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri, həz lɔŋ ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt rulz ər ənd səˈpɔrts ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈækʃən tɪ rɪˈpil ðɛm. wət ðə ˈpɛndɪŋ ˈækʃən wʊd du ənd haʊ ɪt wɪl əˈfɛkt ˈhɑliˌwʊd. ˈɪntərˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdərz wɪl noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi bænd frəm ˈblɑkɪŋ ər θˈrɑtəlɪŋ ˈkɑntɛnt. nɛt nuˈtræləti, æt ɪts hɑrt, ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə aɪˈdiə ðət noʊ wən ʃʊd bi əˈlaʊd tɪ riˈstrɪkt wət ˈjuzərz ˈækˌsɛs ər ˈkænɑt ˈækˌsɛs. ðət ɪz wɪˈθɪn ˈrizən, ɛz ðə rulz hæv ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd ðət ɪt əˈplaɪz tɪ ˈlɔfəl ˈkɑntɛnt, i.e*. nɑt ˈkrɪmənəl bɪˈheɪvjər ər ˈpaɪrətɪd məˈtɪriəl. ðə həz ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈvɛstɪd ɪn ðə aɪˈdiə əv dɪˈskloʊʒər. ðə ˈeɪʤənsi wɔnts tɪ rɪˈteɪn rulz ðət ˌrikˈwaɪər ðət rɪˈvil ðɛr ˈtræfɪk ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈpræktɪsɪz, ˈiðər ˈɔnˌlaɪn ər tɪ ðə ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn wət ɪz biɪŋ blɑkt ənd θˈrɑtəld. ˈkɑmˌkæst sɛd ɪt ʃʊd nɑt bi ən ˈɪʃu, ɛz ɪt dɪz nɑt ““block*, θˈrɑtəl, ər dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪt əˈgɛnst ˈlɔfəl content”*” ˈɛniˌweɪ, waɪl ˈəðər ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪntərˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdərz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɑrgjud ðət ðeɪ wʊd nɑt bi ðə ˈgeɪtˌkipərz ɛz tɪ wət kənˈsumərz kən ˈækˌsɛs ənd nɑt ˈækˌsɛs. bət ˈɪntərˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdərz kʊd ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn prioritization.”*.” tɪ pʊt ɪt ˈsɪmpli, ðə fɪr əv nɛt nuˈtræləti ˈædvəˌkeɪts ɪz ðət ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt wɪl bɪˈkəm wət ˈkeɪbəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ɪz ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ stɑrt ə nu ˈʧænəl ənd gɪt sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈpleɪsmənt, ju ˈbɛtər hæv ə lɔt əv ˈməni. ðə ˈkɑrənt rulz bæn wət ɪz kɔld prioritization,”*,” ɪn wɪʧ ən ˈɪntərˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdər kəˈlɛkts ˈməni frəm ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, laɪk ə ər ˈæməˌzɑn, fər ˈspidiər ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðɛr səbˈskraɪbərz. ðə fɪr ɪz ðət ðɪs gɪvz ə lɛg əp tɪ bɪg ˈmidiə, bɪg ˈtɛləkɑm, ənd bɪg ˈɪntərˌnɛt fərmz tɪ geɪn ən ædˈvæntɪʤ, ənd ðət kənˈsumərz meɪ ˈəltəmətli hæv tɪ peɪ tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ˈsərtən ˈɛriəz əv ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. əv kɔrs, səbˈskraɪbərz ɔˈrɛdi hæv tɪ baɪ ə səbˈskrɪpʃən tɪ saɪts laɪk ənd ˈæməˌzɑn, bət ðə ˈwəri əˈməŋ nɛt nuˈtræləti ˈædvəˌkeɪts ɪz ðət bi fər nu ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd ˈstrimɪŋ ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ flərɪʃ. ˈkjʊriəsli, ˈoʊnli wən əv ˈtælənt gɪldz həz weɪd ɪn ɔn ðɪs ðə ˈraɪtərz gɪld əv əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ðeɪ wɔrn ðət ðə rulz, wɪl bi fri tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd wət ˈkɑntɛnt ɪz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ əˈmɛrɪkənz ənd ɔn wət tərmz, ˈstraɪkɪŋ ə bloʊ tɪ kənˈsumərz ənd ˈkɑntɛnt kriˈeɪtərz alike.”*.” əˈgɛn, ðə məˈʤɔrəti bɪˈlivz ðət dɪˈskloʊʒər wɪl gɪv ˈkɑntɛnt kriˈeɪtərz ənd kənˈsumərz ə sɛns əv ˈwɛðər ər ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ˌɔnˈfɛr ər ˌæntɪkəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈkɑndəkt. ˈɪntərˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdərz wɪl hæv tɪ rɪˈvil wɪn ðeɪ ər ˈgɪvɪŋ praɪˈɔrəti tɪ ˈkɑntɛnt ðət ðeɪ oʊn, ər wɪn ðeɪ hæv bɪn peɪd fər ˈbɛtər dɪˈlɪvəri. ðə ˈəðər ˈɑrgjəmənt frəm ɪz ðət ðə ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs wɪl teɪk kɛr əv ɪt ənd ðət bi fulz tɪ ˈɔltər ðə ˈoʊpən ˈplætˌfɔrm. ðət ɪz soʊ ˈfulɪʃ ɛz tɪ sik tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn wɪl bi kˈwɪkli ənd dɪˈsaɪsɪvli kɔld out,”*,” sɛd ʤoʊn mɑrʃ. ðə ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt wɪl bi dɪˈmɪnɪʃt. ðə rɪˈpil prəˈpoʊzəl ˈɔlsoʊ wʊd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðə roʊl ɛz ə ɔn ðə field”*” ɛz ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪˈvɑlv. ðə həz hæd ɪn pleɪs ə conduct”*” rul ðət wʊd əˈlaʊ ɪt tɪ stɛp ɪn ɪf dɪˈvɛləp ˈsərvɪsɪz ðət ər dimd tɪ bi ˌæntɪkəmˈpɛtɪtɪv. ðɪs həz bɪn ən ˈɪʃu ɛz laɪk ˌvɛˈraɪzən ənd ˈɔfərd kənˈsumərz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ vju səm ˈvɪdioʊ ɔn ɪts ˈwaɪrlɪs plænz wɪˈθaʊt ɪt ˈkaʊntɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðɛr ˈdætə kæps, waɪl ˈəðər taɪps əv ˈkɑntɛnt stɪl du. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈwaɪrlɪs səbˈskraɪbərz kən strim dɪˈrɛkˈtiˈvi ˈkɑntɛnt fər fri ənd ɪt ɪz noʊ səˈpraɪz, ɛz oʊnz dɪˈrɛkˈtiˈvi. ðə ˈskrutəˌnaɪzd ðiz ˈpræktɪsɪz ənd ˈʤɛnərəli fraʊnd ɔn ðɛm, ɔn ðə graʊnz ðət ɪn ðə lɔŋ tərm, ðə pleɪɪŋ fild wʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi ˈlɛvəl. bət ðə, lɛd baɪ ˈʧɛrmən pɑi, si ə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ səʧ ˈɔfərɪŋz; ðeɪ vju ɪt ɛz ə ˈbɛnəfɪt tɪ kənˈsumərz hu wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈækˌsɛs fri ˈdætə plænz. pɑi ənd ˈfɛloʊ rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɔn ðə kəˈmɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ faɪnd fɔlt wɪθ ðə conduct”*” rul, ɔn ðə graʊnz ðət ɪt ædz ə leɪər əv ənˈsərtənti fər ɛz ðeɪ dɪˈvɛləp nu ˈsərvɪsɪz. ðə ˈɔlsoʊ wɪl luz ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt ˈoʊvər ˌɪntərkəˈnɛkʃən ər ðə əˈgrimənts ðət riʧ tɪ kəˈnɛkt tɪ ˈəðər ˈnɛtˌwərks. ðɪs wɑz ən ˈɪʃu wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ɛz ɪt kəmˈpleɪnd ðət ˈmeɪʤər wər traɪɪŋ tɪ ʧɑrʤ ˌɪnˈfleɪtɪd reɪts tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ðɛr ˈvɪdioʊ ˈtræfɪk tɪ səbˈskraɪbərz. ðə həz nɑt hæd ˈækʧəwəl rulz ɪn pleɪs ˈgəvərnɪŋ ðiz əˈgrimənts, bət ɪn ɪts 2015 rul ˈmeɪkɪŋ, ɪt meɪd klɪr ðət ɪt wʊd lʊk æt dɪˈspjuts ɔn ə ˈbeɪsɪs. ˈʧæmpiənz əv ðə ˈɛfərt tɪ rɪˈpil nɛt nuˈtræləti seɪ ðət ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˌæntaɪˈtrəst ənd kənˈsumər lɔz wɪl prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈmɑrkɪt frəm ˌæntɪkəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ənd ɪˈgriʤəs ˈkɑndəkt, ənd ðət ðə ənd ðə ˈfɛdərəl treɪd kəˈmɪʃən wɪl ˈʤɔɪntli ˈhændəl kəmˈpleɪnts ɪf trænˈspɛrənsi rulz biɪŋ ˈfɑloʊd. ˈæktɪvɪsts hu səˈpɔrt ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ əˈproʊʧ, ɪn wɪʧ ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsərvɪs ɪz ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz ə ˈkɑmən ˈkɛriər, faɪnd ðət fɑr frəm səˈfɪʃənt. ənˈsərtənti. hæv kəmˈpleɪnd ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈædɪd ə nu ˈlɛvəl əv ənˈsərtənti, ɛz ɪt geɪv wən ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈeɪʤənsi tu məʧ kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðɛr ˈpræktɪsɪz. bət ɛz ðə muvz tɪ rɪˈpil ðə rulz, ðə ˈstɔri ɪz fɑr frəm ˈoʊvər. ə kɔrt ˈʧælənʤ ɪz ˈlaɪkli frəm ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpəblɪk ˈɪntəˌrɛst grups, ɔn ðə graʊnz ðət ðə ɪz rɪˈvərsɪŋ ðə ˈækʃənz əv ɪts ˈpriviəs məˈʤɔrəti ʤɪst tu jɪrz ˈæftər ðə rulz wər ɪˈstæblɪʃt, ənd ðət ðeɪ wɪl hæv tɪ pruv ðət ðɛr ɪz ə ˈrizənəbəl ˌræʃəˈnæl fər duɪŋ soʊ. ðə muv wɪl moʊst ˈsərtənli bi ˈʧælənʤd ɪn kɔrt, wi wɪl ˈlaɪkli ˈɛnər əˈnəðər ˈɪrə əv ənˈsərtənti əraʊnd haʊ ər ɪf nɛt nuˈtræləti ˈprɪnsəpəlz wɪl ˈɛvər bi applied,”*,” sɛd ˈdeɪvɪd sapin*, ˈprɪnsəpəl æt pricewaterhousecoopers’*’ tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ˈmidiə, ənd ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz kənˈsəltɪŋ ˈpræktɪs. meɪ ˈfaɪnəli gɪt ˈdɛməˌkræts ɔn bɔrd tɪ faɪnd ə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv fɪks frəm congress.”*.” soʊ fɑr, səm rɪˈpəblɪkənz ər ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv fɪks, ənd ə ˈnəmbər əv nɛt nuˈtræləti ˈædvəˌkeɪts ər ˈərʤɪŋ səˈpɔrtərz tɪ kɔl ˈkæpɪtəl hɪl, bət ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ˈmuvmənt. ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈænəlɪsts kreɪg ˈmɑfɪt ənd ˈmaɪkəl ˈnæθənsən roʊt ɔn ðɛr blɔg ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət ðə prəˈpoʊzəlz tɪ rɪˈpil nɛt nuˈtræləti wər ““draconian.”*.” ðeɪ, tu, si səm ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ɪn ə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv fɪks, bət ˈɔlsoʊ roʊt, ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɪl ˈlaɪkli bi soʊ ˌɪˈmɛnsli ˌənˈpɑpjələr ðət ɪt wʊd bi ˈʃɑkɪŋ ɪf ðeɪ ər əˈlaʊd tɪ stænd fər long.”*.”

washington next month, the fcc is likely to repeal almost all of the net neutrality rules that govern how internet providers handle traffic online. the action is already generating an outcry on social media. celebrities such as alyssa milano and ron perlman have tweeted about it, and a host of public interest groups plan to make a lot of noise in the lead up to the dec. 14 vote. john oliver warned of the impending action in several segments on his hbo show “last week tonight” earlier this year. the trump-era fcc would reverse just about all of the actions that the obama-era fcc took in 2015, when it established a set of robust rule of the road for the internet. but what will it mean for the entertainment industry? studios, through their trade association mpaa, have actually been quite silent on whether they favor or disfavor the fcc’s pending action. the exception is comcast, the parent company of nbcuniversal, which, as one of the largest internet providers in the country, has long argued that the fcc’s current rules are over-regulation and supports the current action to repeal them. here’s what the fcc’s pending action would do and how it will affect hollywood. internet providers will no longer be banned from blocking or throttling content. net neutrality, at its heart, is based on the idea that no one should be allowed to restrict what users access or cannot access. that is within reason, as the rules have specified that it applies to lawful content, i.e. not criminal behavior or pirated material. the republican-controlled fcc has instead vested in the idea of disclosure. the agency wants to retain rules that require that isps reveal their traffic management practices, either online or to the fcc itself. that includes also providing information on what is being blocked and throttled. comcast said it should not be an issue, as it does not “block, throttle, or discriminate against lawful content” anyway, while other major internet providers also argued that they would not be the gatekeepers as to what consumers can access and not access. but … internet providers could engage in “paid prioritization.” to put it simply, the fear of net neutrality advocates is that the internet will become what cable tv is if you want to start a new channel and get significant placement, you better have a lot of money. the current rules ban what is called “paid prioritization,” in which an internet provider collects money from a website, like a netflix or amazon, for speedier access to their subscribers. the fear is that this gives a leg up to big media, big telecom, and big internet firms to gain an advantage, and that consumers may ultimately have to pay to access certain areas of the internet. of course, subscribers already have to buy a subscription to sites like netflix and amazon, but the worry among net neutrality advocates is that it’ll be next-to-impossible for new companies and streaming services to flourish. curiously, only one of hollywood’s talent guilds has weighed in on this the writers guild of america and they warn that “without the rules, isps will be free to decide what content is available to americans and on what terms, striking a blow to consumers and content creators alike.” again, the fcc’s majority believes that disclosure will give content creators and consumers a sense of whether isps are engaging in unfair or anticompetitive conduct. internet providers will have to reveal when they are giving priority to content that they own, or when they have been paid for better delivery. the other argument from isps is that the marketplace will take care of it and that they’d be fools to alter the open platform. “any isp that is so foolish as to seek to engage in gatekeeping will be quickly and decisively called out,” said at&t’s joan marsh. the fcc’s oversight over the internet will be diminished. the repeal proposal also would eliminate the fcc’s role as a “referee on the field” as internet services evolve. the fcc has had in place a “general conduct” rule that would allow it to step in if isps develop services that are deemed to be anticompetitive. this has been an issue as isps like verizon and at&t offered consumers the ability to view some video on its wireless plans without it counting against their data caps, while other types of content still do. for example, at&t wireless subscribers can stream directv content for free and it is no surprise, as at&t owns directv. the obama-era fcc scrutinized these practices and generally frowned on them, on the grounds that in the long term, the playing field would no longer be level. but the trump-era fcc, led by chairman ajit pai, doesn’t see a problem with such offerings; they view it as a benefit to consumers who will be able to access free data plans. pai and fellow republicans on the commission also find fault with the “general conduct” rule, on the grounds that it adds a layer of uncertainty for isps as they develop new services. the fcc also will lose oversight over interconnection or the agreements that isps reach to connect to other networks. this was an issue with netflix several years ago, as it complained that major isps were trying to charge inflated rates to deliver their video traffic to subscribers. the fcc has not had actual rules in place governing these agreements, but in its 2015 rule making, it made clear that it would look at disputes on a case-by-case basis. champions of the effort to repeal net neutrality say that existing antitrust and consumer laws will protect the market from anticompetitive and egregious conduct, and that the fcc and the federal trade commission will jointly handle complaints if transparency rules aren’t being followed. activists who support the fcc’s existing approach, in which internet service is classified as a common carrier, find that far from sufficient. uncertainty. isps have complained that the fcc’s current regulation also added a new level of uncertainty, as it gave one regulatory agency too much control over their practices. but as the fcc moves to repeal the rules, the story is far from over. a court challenge is likely from a number of public interest groups, on the grounds that the trump-era fcc is reversing the actions of its previous majority just two years after the rules were established, and that they will have to prove that there is a reasonable rationale for doing so. “while the fcc move will most certainly be challenged in court, we will likely enter another era of uncertainty around how or if net neutrality principles will ever be applied,” said david sapin, principal at pricewaterhousecoopers’ technology, media, and telecommunications consulting practice. “this may finally get democrats on board to find a legislative fix from congress.” so far, some republicans are calling for a legislative fix, and a number of net neutrality advocates are urging supporters to call capitol hill, but there is little movement. investment analysts craig moffett and michael nathanson wrote on their blog on wednesday that the fcc’s proposals to repeal net neutrality were “draconian.” they, too, see some possibility in a legislative fix, but also wrote, “these changes will likely be so immensely unpopular that it would be shocking if they are allowed to stand for long.”

əm ʤæzd tɪ si ˌɪndiˈænə ʤoʊnz ənd ðə ˈkɪŋdəm əv ðə ˈkrɪstəl skəl, bət maɪ ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪz dɪmd ˈsəmˈwət baɪ ðə ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl ˈɛnsuɪŋ ˈəpˌtərn ɪn fɪˈdɔrə seɪlz. wɪn aɪ goʊ tɪ sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ðɪs ˌʤuˈlaɪ, aɪ ˈfʊli ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ si ˈpɑpɪŋ əp laɪk ˈməʃrumz ɔn ðə dæmp lɔn əv fandom*. ɪts nɑt ðə ðət əm kənˈsərnd wɪθ æt list ðɛr əˈwɛr ðɛr pleɪɪŋ drɛs əp. ɪts ðə foʊks hu seɪ, "waʊ, ðət hæt lʊks soʊ gʊd ɔn ˈɪndi, əm ʃʊr ɪt wɪl lʊk ʤɪst ɛz gʊd wɪθ maɪ ˈtiˌsərt." ɑlt tɛkst ˈpɔdˌkæst ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈɑdiˌoʊ faɪlz ənd səbˈskraɪb tɪ ðə ɑlt tɛkst ˈpɔdˌkæst. aɪ hir ðə ˈmoʊʃən ˈpɪkʧər əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv əˈmɛrɪkə ɪz naʊ ˈreɪtɪŋ ˈmuviz haɪər ɔn ðə skeɪl ɪf ðeɪ ˈfiʧər sˈmoʊkɪŋ, ɔn ðə graʊnz ðət ˌɑnˈskrin ˌsɪgəˈrɛt ˈpəfɪŋ ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz ˈpipəl tɪ teɪk əp ðə ˈhæbət ðɛmˈsɛlvz. waɪl aɪ θɪŋk ˈmuvi hæv ðə seɪm ˈifɛkt, əm nɑt ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət ˈdræstɪk. aɪ θɪŋk ə dɪˈskleɪmər ɪn ˈlɛtərz æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈmuvi wʊd bi faɪn. ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk: "ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ˌɪndiˈænə ʤoʊnz ɪz ə ˈfɪkʃənəl ˈkɛrɪktər. hɪz ˈmuviz ər ɔl sɛt ˈdɛkeɪdz əˈgoʊ. hi ɪz mɔr ˈfɪzɪkəli əˈtræktɪv ðən 98 pərˈsɛnt əv juˈmænɪti. ðiz ər ɔl ˈrizənz ju ʃʊd nɑt əˈtɛmpt tɪ drɛs laɪk ɪm." si haʊ məʧ ðət wʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt juˈmænɪti (ɪkˈsɛpt fər ðə ˈpɔrʃən əv juˈmænɪti)? ðæts nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli sɑrˈtɔriəl ˈtræʤədi ðət kʊd bi prɪˈvɛnɪd baɪ ə stərn ˈwɔrnɪŋ æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ə ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈblɑkˌbəstər. fər ˈɪnstəns: "ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ðɪs ˈmuvi ɪz sɛt ɪn ə ˈmæʤɪkəl lænd wɪθ ˈsɔrɪŋ ˈdrægənz, ˈpaʊərfəl, ˈwɪzərdz ənd ˈpipəl hu kən wɛr ˈhʊdɪd wɪˈθaʊt ˈlʊkɪŋ laɪk kəmˈplit dorks*. nən əv ðiz θɪŋz ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ril laɪf." "ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ɪn ðɪs ˈmuvi, blæk, ˈdəstərz meɪk ðə meɪn ˈkɛrɪktərz lʊk mɪˈstɪriəs. ɪf ju wɛr wən tɪ ðə ˈloʊkəl 7-eleven*, ðə ˈoʊnli ˈmɪstəri wɪl bi ˈwɛðər ju θɪŋk ju noʊ kərˈɑti bət doʊnt, ər ˈwɛðər ju θɪŋk ju noʊ kəŋ fu bət doʊnt." "ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ðə ɪkˈstrimli kul ˈfeɪʃəl hɛr staɪlz ðə bæd gaɪz hæv ɪn ðɪs ˈmuvi, ɪf wɔrn baɪ ˈsəmˌwən wɪθ ə ˈbɑdi mæs ˈɪndɛks ˈoʊvər 30 wɪl meɪk ðət ˈpərsən lʊk laɪk ə hoʊˈtɛl klərk." kəm tɪ θɪŋk əv ɪt, ˈfæʃən ˈʧɔɪsɪz ˈɑrənt ðə ˈoʊnli ˈprɑbləm. lɑts əv ˈmuviz ər faɪn ɪn ðə ˈθieɪtər, bət hæv ən ənˈfɔrʧənət ˈtɛndənsi tɪ lik ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ril wərld. maɪ səˈluʃən: mɔr ˈwɔrnɪŋz. "ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ə ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn ðɪs ˈkɑmədi tɔks əˈbaʊt sɛks ə lɔt ɪn ə ˈfəni ˈækˌsɛnt. ðɪs ˌgɛrənˈtiz ðət moʊst əv ðə ˈpipəl hu si ɪt wɪl ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli stɑrt kˈwoʊtɪŋ ɪt ɪn ə pur ˌɪməˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈækˌsɛnt. ðɪs wɪl bɪˈkəm ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈtaɪərsəm ˌbiˈfɔr ju ˈivɪn gɪt tɪ ðə kɑr." "ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ðɪs ˈmuvi kənˈteɪnz pənʧ laɪnz. ɪf ju rɪˈpit ðiz pənʧ laɪnz tɪ ˈpipəl hu hæv ɔˈrɛdi sin ðə ˈmuvi, ðeɪ meɪ læf. du nɑt teɪk ðɪs ɛz ə saɪn ðət ju, ˈjɔrsɛlf, ər ˈfəni. ðɪs wɪl ˈoʊnli lɛd tɪ ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt ənd, ɪn ɪkˈstrim ˈkeɪsɪz, dɪsˈmɛmbərmənt." "ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ðɪs ˈmuvi teɪks pleɪs ɪn speɪs. ðɪs minz ðət ɪt wɪl bi ənˌriˈlɪstɪk ɪn əˈbaʊt 500 ˈdɪfərənt weɪz. waɪl wi ɪnˈkərəʤ ju tɪ dəˈbeɪt ðɪs ɪn ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈfɔrəmz, bɪˈkəz səʧ ˈʧætər ˈtrænsˌleɪts ˈɪntu ˈmərʧənˌdaɪz seɪlz ˈviə səm ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm wi doʊnt ˈfʊli ˌəndərˈstænd, wi ər əˈblaɪʤd tɪ ˈkɔʃən ju ðət moʊst ˈpipəl ju ɪnˈkaʊnər wɪl tun ju aʊt fər ðə rɛst əv jʊr laɪf wəns ju juz ðə freɪz ˌɪˈnərʃəl compensators*." "ˈwɔrnɪŋ: jɛs, wi noʊ ˈmɛni əv ju wɔnt tɪ hæv sɛks wɪθ wən ər mɔr ˈæktrəsɪz ɪn ðɪs ˈmuvi. ðæts waɪ wi pʊt ðɛm ɪn ðə fɪlm. dɪˈklɛrɪŋ ðət ju wʊd bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ slip wɪθ ðɛm ɪˈstæblɪʃɪz ˈnəθɪŋ bət jʊr ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən, ənd dɪˈklɛrɪŋ ðət ju wʊd nɑt bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ slip wɪθ ðɛm ɪˈstæblɪʃɪz ˈnəθɪŋ bət jʊr kəˈpæsɪti fər self-delusion*." "ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ðə ki laɪnz frəm ðɪs ˈmuvi wɪl sun bi əˈtæʧt tɪ ˈpɪkʧərz əv əˈdɔrəbəl kitties*. ju wɪl faɪnd ðɪs ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbli ˈfəni, ənd ðɪs fækt wɪl meɪk ju heɪt ˈjɔrsɛlf." bɔrn ˈhɛlpləs, nud ənd əˈneɪbəl tɪ prəˈvaɪd fər hɪmˈsɛlf, lɔr ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈoʊvərˈkeɪm ðiz ˈhændiˌkæps tɪ prɪˈfər ˈfeɪʃəl hɛr ðət meɪks wən lʊk laɪk ə ˈmeɪniˌæk. workin*' æt ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt kəˈfeɪ: ˈlæpˌtɑp dɪˈlɛmə underwire*: ɑlt tɛkst ˈvɪdioʊ ˈskrutəˌnaɪzɪŋ aɪərn mæn ˈvərsəz. ˈvɛriəs nəˈfɛriəs ˈfɛrəs ˈædvərˌsɛriz underwire*: ɑlt tɛkst ˈvɪdioʊ ˈsərˌveɪɪŋ spɛlz sæd ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃənz fər ˌsupərˈnæʧərəl fəˈnɑmənə

i'm jazzed to see indiana jones and the kingdom of the crystal skull, but my anticipation is dimmed somewhat by the inevitable ensuing upturn in fedora sales. when i go to san diego comic-con this july, i fully expect to see fedoras popping up like mushrooms on the damp lawn of fandom. it's not the cosplayers that i'm concerned with – at least they're aware they're playing dress up. it's the folks who say, "wow, that hat looks so good on indy, i'm sure it will look just as good with my pre-faded colecovision t-shirt." alt text podcast download audio files and subscribe to the alt text podcast. i hear the motion picture association of america is now rating movies higher on the adultitude scale if they feature smoking, on the grounds that onscreen cigarette puffing influences people to take up the habit themselves. while i think movie fedoras have the same effect, i'm not calling for anything that drastic. i think a disclaimer in 5-foot-tall letters at the beginning of the movie would be fine. something like: "warning: indiana jones is a fictional character. his movies are all set decades ago. he is more physically attractive than 98 percent of humanity. these are all reasons you should not attempt to dress like him." see how much that would benefit humanity (except for the hat-selling portion of humanity)? that's not the only sartorial tragedy that could be prevented by a stern warning at the beginning of a hollywood blockbuster. for instance: "warning: this movie is set in a magical land with soaring dragons, powerful, reality-warping wizards and people who can wear hooded cloaks without looking like complete dorks. none of these things exist in real life." "warning: in this movie, black, ankle-length dusters make the main characters look mysterious. if you wear one to the local 7-eleven, the only mystery will be whether you think you know karate but don't, or whether you think you know kung fu but don't." "warning: the extremely cool facial hair styles the bad guys have in this movie, if worn by someone with a body mass index over 30, will make that person look like a '40s-era hotel clerk." come to think of it, fashion choices aren't the only problem. lots of movies are fine in the theater, but have an unfortunate tendency to leak all over the real world. my solution: more warnings. "warning: a character in this comedy talks about sex a lot in a funny accent. this guarantees that most of the people who see it will immediately start quoting it in a poor imitation of the accent. this will become incredibly tiresome before you even get to the car." "warning: this movie contains punch lines. if you repeat these punch lines to people who have already seen the movie, they may laugh. do not take this as a sign that you, yourself, are funny. this will only lead to disappointment and, in extreme cases, dismemberment." "warning: this movie takes place in space. this means that it will be unrealistic in about 500 different ways. while we encourage you to debate this in online forums, because such chatter translates into merchandise sales via some mechanism we don't fully understand, we are obliged to caution you that most people you encounter will tune you out for the rest of your life once you use the phrase inertial compensators." "warning: yes, we know many of you want to have sex with one or more actresses in this movie. that's why we put them in the film. declaring that you would be willing to sleep with them establishes nothing but your sexual orientation, and declaring that you would not be willing to sleep with them establishes nothing but your capacity for self-delusion." "warning: the key lines from this movie will soon be attached to pictures of adorable kitties. you will find this inexplicably funny, and this fact will make you hate yourself." - - - born helpless, nude and unable to provide for himself, lore sjöberg eventually overcame these handicaps to prefer facial hair that makes one look like a '90s-era maniac. workin' at the internet cafe: laptop dilemma underwire: alt text video scrutinizing superheroines iron man vs. various nefarious ferrous adversaries underwire: alt text video surveying d&d's entry-level spells sad explanations for supernatural phenomena

kɑb ˈkaʊnti kəˈmɪʃənərz ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ gɑt ðɛr fərst lʊk æt ðə brɪʤ ˈoʊvər ˌɪntərˈsteɪt 285 tɪ ˈsənˌtrəst pɑrk θru ən ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ˈvɪdioʊ ðət ʃoʊz ðə ˈkɑnkrit ˈstrəkʧər wɪθ brɪk pavings*, ˈplæntərz, laɪt poʊlz ənd ə brif strɛʧ əv ˈkænəpi ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə spæn tɪ gɪv fænz ə ˈrɛspɪt frəm ðə sən ər reɪn. ðə brɪʤ kənˈsəltənts ˈɔlsoʊ geɪv ən ˈəpˌdeɪt ɔn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, seɪɪŋ ɪt wɪl kɔst əˈbaʊt 10 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈtoʊtəl ən əˈmaʊnt ðət dɪz nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ˈpərʧəsɪŋ, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, ər ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈmɪljən tɪ ˌriɪnˈfɔrs ə ˌgælərˈiə ˈpɑrkɪŋ dɛk ˈɪntu wɪʧ ðə brɪʤ wɪl taɪ. ðə ˈkaʊnti hæd ˈpriviəsli ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd kɔsts æt 2 ˈmɪljən, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈwɪlgəs sɛd ˈtuzˌdeɪ ðət ɪt kʊd bi loʊər. ðə ˈkəmbərlənd kəmˈjunɪti ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ˈdɪstrɪkt, ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən əv ˈbɪznɪsɪz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə, ˈvoʊtɪd læst wik tɪ prəˈvaɪd 5 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈfəndɪŋ təˈwɔrd brɪʤ kənˈstrəkʃən. ˈɪnərəm ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən dɪˈrɛktər ʤɪm ˈwɪlgəs toʊld kəˈmɪʃənərz ðət ðə breɪvz wɪl peɪ ənd ðə rɛst əv ðə kənˈstrəkʃən wɪl bi ˈkəvərd baɪ ðə ˈænjuəl ˌæləˈkeɪʃən əv ˈfɛdərəl ˈtrænzɪt ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən fəndz. ˈwɪlgəs sɛd ˈkɑnˌtrækts kʊd bi lɛt fər ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ðɪs spərɪŋ, ənd ðət ðə brɪʤ kʊd bi ˈoʊpən fər ðə fərst pɪʧ ɪn ˈsənˌtrəst pɑrk, ɪn ˈeɪprəl 2017 ɪt kəˈnɛkts ðə ˈsteɪdiəm wɪθ ðə kənˈvɛnʃən ənd pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ɑrts ˈsɛnər, ənd ɪz kənˈsɪdərd ˈkrɪtɪkəl fər pəˈdɛstriən ˈseɪfti ɪn ðə ˈɛriə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ fər braves’*’ fænz ɔn geɪm deɪz, ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈvɛnts, ər ʤɪst ˈpeɪtrənz traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt tɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ðə brɪʤ həz tu leɪnz ə pəˈdɛstriən weɪ ɔn wən saɪd ənd ə leɪn fər ðə bəs ðə ˈkaʊnti ɪz ˈplænɪŋ tɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt. ðə tu leɪnz ər ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ə ˈbəfər əv ˈplæntərz ənd ˈdɛkrətɪv ˈlaɪtɪŋ. ðɛr ɪz prəˈtɛktɪv ˈfɛnsɪŋ ɔn iʧ saɪd ðət wɪl bi ˈkəvərd baɪ əˈlumənəm ˈpænəlz ðət wɪl rɪˈdus nɔɪz ənd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðə vju əv ðə ˌɪntərˈsteɪt. ðə brɪʤ əˈpɪrz tɪ hæv bɪn skeɪld bæk frəm ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈkɑnsɛpts ðɛr ər noʊ ˈmɪstərz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə dɪˈzaɪn, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. kəˈmɪʃənərz kʊd əˈpruv ðə brɪʤ ʤæn. 26 ˌɔlˈðoʊ kəˈmɪʃənər bɑb ɑt ɪkˈsprɛst kənˈsərn ðət ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr hu wɪl peɪ ðə ˈmɪljən fər ˈpɑrkɪŋ dɛk ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənts. kəˈmɪʃən ˈʧɛrmən tɪm li hæd ˈpriviəsli əˈnaʊnst ðət ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt wʊd nɑt bi ˈrɛdi fər ðə ˌɪˈnɔgərəl ˈsizən ɪn ˈsənˌtrəst pɑrk. hir ɪz ə ˈtaɪmlaɪn əv ðə brɪʤ ˈprɑʤɛkt.

cobb county commissioners on tuesday got their first look at the bridge over interstate 285 to suntrust park — through an animated video that shows the concrete structure with brick pavings, planters, light poles and a brief stretch of canopy over the center of the 1,100-foot span to give fans a respite from the sun or rain. the county’s bridge consultants also gave an update on the project, saying it will cost about $10 million in total — an amount that does not include purchasing right-of-way, engineering, or an estimated $3.5 million to reinforce a galleria parking deck into which the bridge will tie. the county had previously estimated right-of-way costs at $2 million, although wilgus said tuesday that it could be lower. the cumberland community improvement district, a coalition of self-taxing businesses in the area, voted last week to provide $5 million in funding toward bridge construction. interim transportation director jim wilgus told commissioners that the braves will pay $380,000 and the rest of the construction will be covered by the county’s annual allocation of federal transit administration funds. wilgus said contracts could be let for the project this spring, and that the bridge could be open for the first pitch in suntrust park, in april 2017. it connects the stadium with the county’s convention and performing arts center, and is considered critical for pedestrian safety in the area, including for braves’ fans on game days, during special events, or just patrons trying to get to the team’s mixed-use development. the bridge has two lanes — a 16-foot pedestrian way on one side and a 12-foot lane for the circulator bus the county is planning to initiate. the two lanes are separated by a four-foot buffer of planters and decorative lighting. there is protective fencing on each side that will be covered by aluminum panels that will reduce noise and eliminate the view of the interstate. the bridge appears to have been scaled back from initial concepts — there are no misters included in the design, for example. commissioners could approve the bridge jan. 26, although commissioner bob ott expressed concern that it is unclear who will pay the $3.5 million for parking deck reinforcements. commission chairman tim lee had previously announced that the project would not be ready for the team’s inaugural season in suntrust park. here is a timeline of the bridge project.

ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz ˈæskɪŋ rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈlidərz tɪ hɛlp ɪm sɛl ðə ˈpəblɪk ɔn hɛlθ rɪˈfɔrm. ˌoʊˈbɑmə siks dɪˈvaɪn ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɔn hɛlθ kɛr wɪθ ˈnəθɪŋ ɛls ˈwərkɪŋ, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz ˈæskɪŋ rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈlidərz tɪ hɛlp ɪm sɛl ðə ˈpəblɪk ɔn hɛlθ kɛr rɪˈfɔrm. pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ ˈlɪsənd ɪn tɪ ən ˈoʊvəl ˈɔfəs ˈkɑnfərəns kɔl ˈtuzˌdeɪ, wɛr ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd tɔp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈfɪʃəlz, biˈsiʧt ˈθaʊzənz əv ənd kəmˈjunɪti ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz tɪ priʧ ðə ˈgɔspəl ɔn nu ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns rɪˈfɔrmz, ˈʧifli ðə patients’*’ bɪl əv raɪts. ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjud bɪˈloʊ aʊt ðɛr ənd sprɛd ðə word,”*,” ˌoʊˈbɑmə toʊld ˈlidərz frəm əˈkrɔs ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈspɛktrəm ɔn ðə ˈkɑnfərəns kɔl, ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd baɪ ðə hɛlθ ənd ˈjumən ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈsɛnər fər ənd kəmˈjunɪti ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪps. ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ lʊk bæk ɔn, ʤɪst laɪk wi du ɔn ˈmɛdəˌkɛr ənd ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti, ɛz ə ˈkɔrnərˌstoʊn ðət ˌɪmˈpruvz ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti əv ˈmɪljənz əv əˈmɛrɪkənz, æt ðə seɪm taɪm loʊərz kɔsts ənd gɪts kənˈtroʊl əv kɔsts, boʊθ æt ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈlɛvəl, bət ˈɔlsoʊ fər ˈfæməliz ənd ˈbɪznɪsɪz," hi ˈædɪd. ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd feɪθ ˈlidərz tɪ trit ðə nu lɔ ɛz ˈsɛtəld fækt ənd juz ðɛr ˈpərʧɪz əv paʊər tɪ kənˈveɪ ðət ˈmɛsɪʤ tɪ ˈkɑŋgrəgənts ənd frɛndz. dəˈbeɪt ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ɪz ˈoʊvər, ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt ɪz naʊ lɔ aɪ θɪŋk ɔl əv ju kən bi ˈrɪli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ənd ˈtrəstɪd ˈrisɔrsɪz fər frɛndz ənd ˈneɪbərz, tɪ hɛlp ɪkˈspleɪn naʊ əˈveɪləbəl tɪ them,”*,” hi sɛd. ðə kɔl ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə hɛlθ rɪˈfɔrm əˈfɪʃəlz: ˈjumən ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri kæθˈlin sebelius*, waɪt haʊs ˈɔfəs əv hɛlθ rɪˈfɔrm dɪˈrɛktər ˈnænsi ann-deparle*, ənd əˈsɪstənt tɪ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt fər ˈspɛʃəl ˈprɑdəkts ˈstɛfəni ˈkətər. ˈʤɑˌʃuə duˈbɔɪs, dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə waɪt haʊs ˈɔfəs əv ənd kəmˈjunɪti ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪps, geɪv ˈæktɪvɪsts ə ˈræliɪŋ kraɪ: ðə wərd aʊt ðɛr, gɪt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən aʊt ðɛr. meɪk juz əv ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz dɪˈskraɪbd ɔn ðɪs kɔl: ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, dɔr ˈhæŋərz, wən ˈpeɪʤərz ənd soʊ fɔrθ. gɑt wərk tɪ do.”*.” duˈbɔɪs ˈɛndɪd ðə kɔl baɪ ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈlidərz ə ˈrənˌdaʊn əv ðə nu patients’*’ bɪl əv raɪts ðət roʊlz aʊt ˈθərzˌdeɪ. prəˈtɛkʃənz, ɑr ˈfæməliz nid tɪ noʊ ðiz things,”*,” hi sɛd.

president obama is asking religious leaders to help him sell the public on health reform. obama seeks divine intervention on health care with nothing else working, president barack obama is asking religious leaders to help him sell the public on health care reform. politico listened in to an oval office conference call tuesday, where obama and top administration officials, beseeched thousands of faith-based and community organizations to preach the gospel on new insurance reforms, chiefly the patients’ bill of rights. story continued below “get out there and spread the word,” obama told leaders from across the religious spectrum on the conference call, organized by the health and human services center for faith-based and community partnerships. “this is something that we’ll be able to look back on, just like we do on medicare and social security, as a cornerstone that improves the security of millions of americans, at the same time lowers costs and gets control of costs, both at the government level, but also for families and businesses," he added. obama instructed faith leaders to treat the new law as settled fact and use their perches of power to convey that message to congregants and friends. “the debate in washington is over, the affordable care act is now law ... i think all of you can be really important validators and trusted resources for friends and neighbors, to help explain now available to them,” he said. the call included the administration’s highest-ranking health reform officials: human services secretary kathleen sebelius, white house office of health reform director nancy ann-deparle, and assistant to the president for special products stephanie cutter. joshua dubois, director of the white house office of faith-based and community partnerships, gave activists a rallying cry: “get the word out there, get information out there. make use of the resources described on this call: the website, door hangers, one pagers and so forth. got work to do.” dubois ended the call by giving leaders a point-by-point rundown of the new patients’ bill of rights that rolls out thursday. “these protections, our families need to know these things,” he said.

ˈpɑzətɪv kwoʊts, ˈlidərˌʃɪp kwoʊts, ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ kwoʊts ðə bɛst maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ju ˈrɪli noʊ wɛr ju ər goʊɪŋ ənˈtɪl ju noʊ wɛr ju hæv bɪn. ˈlərnɪd ðət ˈpipəl wɪl fərˈgɛt wət ju sɛd, ˈpipəl wɪl fərˈgɛt wət ju dɪd, bət ˈpipəl wɪl ˈnɛvər fərˈgɛt haʊ ju meɪd ðɛm fil. laɪf ɪz nɑt ˈmɛʒərd baɪ ðə ˈnəmbər əv brɛθs wi teɪk, bət baɪ ðə ˈmoʊmənts ðət teɪk ɑr brɛθ əˈweɪ. ðə ˈʧɪldrən tɪ hum wi rɛd ˈsɪmpəl ˈstɔriz meɪ ər meɪ nɑt ʃoʊ ˈgrætəˌtud, bət iʧ bun wi gɪv ˈstrɛŋθənz ðə ˈpɪlərz əv ðə wərld. ɪf ju laɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ, ʧeɪnʤ ɪt. ɪf ju ʧeɪnʤ ɪt, ʧeɪnʤ jʊr ˈætəˌtud. wɪn ju noʊ ju ər əv wərθ, ju hæv tɪ reɪz jʊr vɔɪs, ju hæv tɪ bɪˈkəm rud, ju hæv tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈvəlgər; ju ʤɪst ər. ənd ju ər laɪk ðə skaɪ ɪz, ɛz ðə ɛr ɪz, ðə seɪm weɪ ˈwɔtər ɪz wɛt. ɪt hæv tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst. maɪ wərk ɪz tɪ bi ˈɑnəst. maɪ wərk ɪz tɪ traɪ tɪ θɪŋk ˈklɪrli, ðɛn hæv ðə kərɪʤ tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət wət aɪ seɪ ɪz ðə truθ. ju kən ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəm ˈtruli əˈkɑmplɪʃt æt ˈsəmθɪŋ ju ləv. meɪk ˈməni jʊr goʊl. ˌɪnˈstɛd, pərˈsu ðə θɪŋz ju ləv duɪŋ, ənd ðɛn du ðɛm soʊ wɛl ðət ˈpipəl teɪk ðɛr aɪz ɔf ju. maɪ greɪt ˈblɛsɪŋ ɪz maɪ sən, bət aɪ hæv ˈdɔtərz. aɪ hæv waɪt wənz ənd blæk wənz ənd fæt wənz ənd θɪn wənz ənd ˈprɪti wənz ənd pleɪn. aɪ hæv geɪ wənz ənd streɪt. aɪ hæv ˈdɔtərz. aɪ hæv ˈeɪʒən wənz, aɪ hæv ʤuɪʃ wənz, aɪ hæv ˈməzlɪm wənz. ju juz əp ˌkrieɪˈtɪvəti. ðə mɔr ju juz, ðə mɔr ju hæv. klɪk tɪ twit æsk fər wət ju wɔnt ənd bi priˈpɛrd tɪ gɪt ɪt! klɪk tɪ twit aɪ wɑz toʊld ˈmɛni jɪrz əˈgoʊ baɪ maɪ ˈgrændˌməðər hu reɪzd mi: ɪf ˈsəmˌbɑdi pʊts ju ɔn ə roʊd ənd ju fil ˈkəmfərtəbəl ɔn ɪt ənd ju lʊk əˈhɛd ənd ju laɪk ðə ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən ənd ju lʊk bɪˈhaɪnd ənd ju wɔnt tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ðət pleɪs, stɛp ɔf ðə roʊd. aɪ nɑt ˈoʊnli hæv ðə raɪt tɪ stænd əp fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, bət aɪ hæv ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti. aɪ æsk ˈsəmˌbɑdi ɛls tɪ stænd əp fər mi ɪf aɪ stænd əp fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ənd wəns ju stænd əp fər ˈjɔrsɛlf, bi səˈpraɪzd ðət ˈpipəl seɪ, aɪ bi əv help?”*?”. aɪ ləv tɪ si ə jəŋ gərl goʊ aʊt ənd græb ðə wərld baɪ ðə ləˈpɛlz. ə bɪʧ. gɑt tɪ goʊ aʊt ənd kɪk æs. səkˈsɛs ɪz ˈlaɪkɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf, ˈlaɪkɪŋ wət ju du, ənd ˈlaɪkɪŋ haʊ ju du ɪt. heɪt, ɪt həz kɔzd ə lɔt əv ˈprɑbləmz ɪn ðə wərld, bət həz nɑt sɑlvd wən jɛt. (ðɪs ɪz wən əv maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊt. liv ə rɪˈplaɪ hir ənd lɛt mi noʊ jʊrz!) si ˈɔlsoʊ: səkˈsɛs kwoʊts tɔp 3 maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts ˈɪmɪʤɪz goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts du ðə bɛst ju kən ənˈtɪl ju noʊ ˈbɛtər. ðɛn wɪn ju noʊ ˈbɛtər, du ˈbɛtər. klɪk tɪ twit ju əˈloʊn ər ɪˈnəf. ju hæv ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ pruv tɪ ˈɛnibədi. klɪk tɪ twit wi meɪ ɪnˈkaʊnər ˈmɛni dɪˈfits bət wi məst nɑt bi dɪˈfitɪd. klɪk tɪ twit pɑrt 2 maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts ðət are…*… ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃənəl, ˈbjutəfəl ənd ˈəˌplɪftɪŋ maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ɪf wən ɪz ˈləki, ə ˈsɑləˌtɛri ˈfænəsi kən ˈtoʊtəli ˈtrænsfɔrm wən ˈmɪljən ˌriˈæləˌtiz. ɔl mɛn ər priˈpɛrd tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ ðə ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ɪf ðɛr aɪˈdilz ər θˈrɛtənd. wən ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli bɔrn wɪθ kərɪʤ, bət wən ɪz bɔrn wɪθ pəˈtɛnʃəl. wɪˈθaʊt kərɪʤ, wi ˈkænɑt ˈpræktɪs ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈvərʧu wɪθ kənˈsɪstənsi. wi bi kaɪnd, tru, ˈmərsɪfəl, ˈʤɛnərəs, ər ˈɑnəst. ˈlərnɪd ðət noʊ ˈmætər wət ˈhæpənz, ər haʊ bæd ɪt simz təˈdeɪ, laɪf dɪz goʊ ɔn, ənd ɪt wɪl bi ˈbɛtər təˈmɑˌroʊ. aɪ lɔŋ, ɛz dɪz ˈɛvəri ˈjumən biɪŋ, tɪ bi æt hoʊm wɛˈrɛvər aɪ faɪnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊ ðə ˈneɪbər nɛkst dɔr ənd ðə ˈpipəl daʊn ðə strit ənd ðə ˈpipəl ɪn əˈnəðər reɪs. ju ʃʊd bi ˈæŋgri. ju məst nɑt bi ˈbɪtər. ˈbɪtərnəs ɪz laɪk ˈkænsər. ɪt its əˈpɑn ðə hoʊst. ɪt du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt əv ɪts dɪˈsplɛʒər. soʊ juz ðət ˈæŋgər. ju raɪt ɪt. ju peɪnt ɪt. ju dæns ɪt. ju mɑrʧ ɪt. ju voʊt ɪt. ju du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪt. ju tɔk ɪt. ˈnɛvər stɑp ˈtɔkɪŋ ɪt. ˈsəmˌwən wɑz hərt ˌbiˈfɔr ju, rɔŋd ˌbiˈfɔr ju, ˈhəŋgri ˌbiˈfɔr ju, ˈfraɪtənd ˌbiˈfɔr ju, ˈbitən ˌbiˈfɔr ju, hjuˈmɪliˌeɪtɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ju, reɪpt ˌbiˈfɔr you…*… jɛt, ˈsəmˌwən survived…*… ju kən du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ju ʧuz tɪ du. wɪn aɪ fərˈgɪv ˈəðər ˈpipəl, aɪ lɛt ðɛm goʊ, aɪ fri ðɛm frəm maɪ ˈɪgnərəns. ənd ɛz sun ɛz aɪ du, aɪ fil ˈlaɪtər, ˈbraɪtər ənd ˈbɛtər. lʊk wət ɔˈrɛdi kəm θru! dɪˈnaɪ ɪt. ɔˈrɛdi kəm θru səm θɪŋz, wɪʧ ər ˈvɛri ˈpeɪnfəl. ɪf bɪn əˈlaɪv ənˈtɪl 35 ju hæv gɔn θru səm peɪn. ɪt kɔst ju ˈsəmθɪŋ. ənd kəm θru ɪt. soʊ æt list lʊk æt ðət. ənd hæv ə sɛns tɪ lʊk æt ˈjɔrsɛlf ənd seɪ, ““well*, weɪt ə ˈmɪnət. ˈstrɔŋgər ðən aɪ θɔt aɪ wɑz. ˈrɪli ˈsædənd baɪ ðə əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ənd ˈpoʊlərˌaɪz. ðɪs ɪz ə taɪm wɪn wi hæv ˈhəŋgri ˈpipəl, ˈpipəl aʊt əv wərk, ənd ˈpipəl aʊt əv ˈspɪrɪt. ðɪs ɪz ə taɪm wɛr wi nid tɪ ˈəplɪft, nɑt tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt. ɔn wət ʃi filz əˈbaʊt ðə wərld təˈdeɪ: aɪ fil ˈvɛri ˈhoʊpfəl, ˈvɛri ɪkˈspɛktənt. ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ɪt. wi nid tɪ nɑt bi ɪn dɪˈnaɪəl əˈbaʊt wət dən, wət kəm θru. ɪt wɪl hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs ɪf wi ɔl du ðət. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz tɪ raɪt ɪt soʊ ðət ˈpipəl hir ɪt ənd ɪt slaɪdz θru ðə breɪn ənd goʊz streɪt tɪ ðə hɑrt. maɪ greɪt hoʊp ɪz tɪ læf ɛz məʧ ɛz aɪ kraɪ; tɪ gɪt maɪ wərk dən ənd traɪ tɪ ləv ˈsəmˌbɑdi ənd hæv ðə kərɪʤ tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðə ləv ɪn rɪˈtərn. maɪ wɪʃ fər ju ɪz ðət ju kənˈtɪnju. kənˈtɪnju tɪ bi hu ənd haʊ ju ər, tɪ əˈstɑnɪʃ ə min wərld wɪθ jʊr ækts əv ˈkaɪndnəs. aɪ wɔnt ɔl maɪ ˈsɛnsɪz ɪnˈgeɪʤd. lɛt mi əbˈzɔrb ðə vərˈaɪəti ənd juˈniknəs. haʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪt ɪz fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ənd ˈsɛləˌbreɪt ɑr ˈhɪroʊz ənd she-roes*! ɪf ə ˈjumən biɪŋ drimz ə greɪt drim, dɛrz tɪ ləv ˈsəmˌbɑdi; ɪf ə ˈjumən biɪŋ dɛrz tɪ bi ˈmɑrtɪn kɪŋ, ər məˈhɑtmə ˈgɑndi, ər ˈməðər tərˈisə, ər ˈmælkəm ɛks; ɪf ə ˈjumən biɪŋ dɛrz tɪ bi ˈbɪgər ðən ðə kənˈdɪʃən ˈɪntu wɪʧ ʃi ər hi wɑz bɔrn ɪt minz soʊ kən ju. ənd soʊ ju kən traɪ tɪ strɛʧ, strɛʧ, strɛʧ ˈjɔrsɛlf soʊ ju kən ˌɪnˈtərnəˌlaɪz, səm, nɪl ə mi puto*. aɪ æm ə ˈjumən biɪŋ, ˈnəθɪŋ ˈjumən kən bi ˈeɪliən tɪ me.’*.’ wən θɪŋ ˈlərnɪŋ. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈgreɪtər ˈægəni ðən ˈbɛrɪŋ ən ənˈtoʊld ˈstɔri ˌɪnˈsaɪd ju. klɪk tɪ twit ju meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kwoʊts ləv kwoʊts ʃɔrt maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ʃɔrt kwoʊts ənd wən ˈlaɪnərz fər jʊr baɪoʊ, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈstætəs, self-talk*, saɪnz, ˌtæˈtuz, ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, whatsapp*, sˈnæˌpʧæt, ˈtəmblər, tˈwɪtər, pinterest*, instagram*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. jʊr bɪˈlif ənd jʊr wərk wɪl spik fər ju. laɪf ləvz ðə ˈlɪvər əv ɪt. ɔl greɪt əˈʧivmənts ˌrikˈwaɪər taɪm. dɪˈtərmən tɪ lɪv laɪf wɪθ flɛr ənd ˈlæftər. bi ə ˈreɪnˌboʊ ɪn ˈsəmˌwən klaʊd. ˈifɛktɪv ˈækʃən ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ənˈʤəst. wi nid məʧ lɛs ðən wi θɪŋk wi nid. ðə ˈɑnərˌɛri ˈduti əv ə ˈjumən biɪŋ ɪz tɪ ləv. wɪn ju lərn, tiʧ, wɪn ju gɪt, gɪv. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɪz wərθ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. əˈʧivmənt brɪŋz ɪts oʊn anticlimax*. sərˈvaɪvɪŋ ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. θˈraɪvɪŋ ɪz ˈɛləgənt. mɔr ʃɔrt kwoʊts ˈwaɪnɪŋ ɪz ʤɪst ˌənbɪˈkəmɪŋ. aɪ bɪˈliv ðət ˈɛvəri ˈpərsən ɪz bɔrn wɪθ ˈtælənt. ðə nid fər ʧeɪnʤ ˈbʊlˌdoʊzd ə roʊd daʊn ðə ˈsɛnər əv maɪ maɪnd. aɪ noʊ waɪ ðə keɪʤd bərd sɪŋz. ðə nidz əv soʊˈsaɪɪti dɪˈtərmən ɪts ˈɛθɪks. ɪf ˈsəmˌwən ʃoʊz ju hu ðeɪ ˈrɪli ər, bɪˈliv ðɛm. ˈnəθɪŋ wɪl wərk ənˈlɛs ju du. ˈfəni maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ðɪs ɪz ə ˈwəndərfəl deɪ, aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər sin ðɪs wən ˌbiˈfɔr. klɪk tɪ twit ðə bɛst ˈkændi ʃɑp ə ʧaɪld kən bi lɛft əˈloʊn ɪn, ɪz ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. ˈlərnɪd ðət ju kən tɛl ə lɔt əˈbaʊt ə ˈpərsən baɪ ðə weɪ ˈhændəlz ðiz θri θɪŋz: ə ˈreɪni deɪ, lɔst ˈləgɪʤ, ənd ˈtæŋgəld ˈkrɪsməs tri laɪts. ˈneɪʧər həz noʊ ˈmərsi æt ɔl. ˈneɪʧər sɪz, goʊɪŋ tɪ snoʊ. ɪf ju hæv ɔn ə bɪˈkini ənd noʊ snowshoes*, təf. aɪ æm goʊɪŋ tɪ snoʊ anyway.’*.’ aɪ trəst ˈɛniˌwən hu læf. klɪk tɪ twit aɪ du nɑt trəst ˈpipəl hu ləv ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd jɛt tɛl mi, ləv you.’*.’ ðɛr ɪz ən ˈæfrɪkɑn seɪɪŋ wɪʧ ɪz: bi ˈkɛrfəl wɪn ə ˈneɪkəd ˈpərsən ˈɔfərz ju ə ʃərt. aɪ ˈnɛvər hæv ˈrɪtən ˈɛvəri deɪ. wɪn ˈraɪtɪŋ ə bʊk, aɪ raɪt ˈmənˌdeɪ θru ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz traɪ tɪ teɪk ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ənd priˈtɛnd tɪ hæv səm ˈsænəti. maɪ laɪf həz bɪn wən greɪt bɪg ʤoʊk, ə dæns wɔkt ə sɔŋ spoʊk, aɪ læf soʊ hɑrd aɪ ˈɔlˌmoʊst ʧoʊk wɪn aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. maɪ ˈmɪʃən ɪn laɪf ɪz nɑt ˈmɪrli tɪ sərˈvaɪv, bət tɪ θraɪv; ənd tɪ du soʊ wɪθ səm ˈpæʃən, səm kəmˈpæʃən, səm ˈhjumər, ənd səm staɪl. ɪf ju hæv ˈoʊnli wən smaɪl ɪn ju, gɪv ɪt tɪ ðə ˈpipəl ju ləv. bi ˈsərli æt hoʊm, ðɛn goʊ aʊt ɪn ðə strit ənd stɑrt ˈgrɪnɪŋ morning’*’ æt ˈtoʊtəl ˈstreɪnʤərz. dip maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts (ðət wɪl meɪk ju θɪŋk) goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts teɪk jʊr taɪm tɪ rɛd ðoʊz. ðeɪ ər dip. (aɪ ˈpərsənəli ðɛm ə fju taɪmz!) wi ər ˈoʊnli ɛz blaɪnd ɛz wi wɔnt tɪ bi. ju kən æsk fərˈgɪvnəs əv ˈəðərz, bət ɪn ðə ɛnd ðə ril fərˈgɪvnəs ɪz ɪn oʊn sɛlf. ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi kən ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ənˈlɛs wi ɔl ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ, ˈtruli ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ. greɪs ɪz laɪk ə leɪk əv ˈdrɪnkəbəl ˈwɔtər raɪt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd jʊr dɔr. bət ju steɪ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ənd daɪ əv θərst. wi ər nɑt ʤɪst flɛʃ ənd bləd. ənd ɑr ər nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ bi sɛt əˈsaɪd ɛz ʤɪst flɛʃ ənd bləd. ɪf ju wɔnt wət seɪɪŋ hərd, ðɛn teɪk jʊr taɪm ənd seɪ ɪt soʊ ðət ðə ˈlɪsənər wɪl ˈæˌkʧuəli hir ɪt. ju maɪt seɪv laɪf. jʊr oʊn, fərst. ˈlɪsən tɪ ˈjɔrsɛlf ənd ɪn ðət ju maɪt hir ðə vɔɪs əv gɑd. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈjunəˌvərs həz ə ˈrɪðəm, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈdænsɪz. ə hɑrt ʃʊd bi soʊ ˈhɪdən ɪn gɑd ðət ə mæn həz tɪ sik ɪm ʤɪst tɪ faɪnd hər. sɪns taɪm ɪz ðə wən ˌɪməˈtɪriəl ˈɑbʤɛkt wɪʧ wi ˈkænɑt ˈɪnfluəns, ˈniðər spid əp nɔr sloʊ daʊn, æd tɪ nɔr dɪˈmɪnɪʃ, ɪt ɪz ən ˈvæljəbəl gɪft. si ˈɔlsoʊ: ðə bɛst dip kwoʊts waɪz maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts (wərdz əv ˈwɪzdəm) goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts maɪ ˈməðər sɛd aɪ məst ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˌɪnˈtɑlərənt əv ˈɪgnərəns bət ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ˌɪˈlɪtərəsi. ˈbɪtərnəs ɪz laɪk ˈkænsər. ɪt its əˈpɑn ðə hoʊst. bət ˈæŋgər ɪz laɪk faɪər. ɪt bərnz ɪt ɔl klin. ˈlərnɪd ðət ju goʊ θru laɪf wɪθ ə mɪt ɔn boʊθ hænz; ju nid tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ θroʊ ˈsəmθɪŋ bæk. ˈlərnɪd ðət ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ““living”*” ɪz nɑt ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɛz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ““life.”*.” ɪf ju ər ˈɔlˌweɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ bi ˈnɔrməl ju wɪl ˈnɛvər noʊ haʊ əˈmeɪzɪŋ ju kən bi. aɪ laɪk tɪ goʊ bæk ənd rɛd poʊəmz ðət aɪ roʊt ˈfɪfti jɪrz əˈgoʊ, tˈwɛnti jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ səˈpraɪz mi aɪ noʊ aɪ nu ðət ðɛn. ər ˈmeɪbi aɪ noʊ ɪt ðɛn, ənd aɪ noʊ mɔr naʊ. ˈlərnɪd ðət fərˈgɪvɪŋ ɪz wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst gɪfts ðət aɪ kən gɪv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ə ˈlidər siz ˈgreɪtnəs ɪn ˈəðər ˈpipəl. hi nɔr ʃi kən bi məʧ əv ə ˈlidər ɪf ɔl ʃi siz ɪz hərˈsɛlf. sik ˈpeɪʃəns ənd ˈpæʃən ɪn ˈikwəl əˈmaʊnts. ˈpeɪʃəns əˈloʊn wɪl nɑt bɪld ðə ˈtɛmpəl. ˈpæʃən əˈloʊn wɪl dɪˈstrɔɪ ɪts wɔlz. ˈnɛvər meɪk ˈsəmˌwən ə praɪˈɔrəti wɪn ɔl ju ər tɪ ðɛm ɪz ən ˈɔpʃən. aɪ du maɪ bɛst bɪˈkəz ˈkaʊntɪŋ ɔn ju ˈkaʊntɪŋ ɔn mi. wi dɪˈlaɪt ɪn ðə ˈbjuti əv ðə ˈbətərˌflaɪ, bət ˈrɛrli ədˈmɪt ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪt həz gɔn θru tɪ əˈʧiv ðət ˈbjuti. mɔr ˈwɪzdəm kwoʊts pɑrt 3 maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts about…*… maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts əˈbaʊt laɪf goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ˈlərnɪd ðət laɪf ˈsəmˌtaɪmz gɪvz ju ə ˈsɛkənd ʧæns. klɪk tɪ twit ðɛr ɪz ə ˈvɛri faɪn laɪn bɪtˈwin ˈləvɪŋ laɪf ənd biɪŋ ˈgridi fər ɪt. mˈjuzɪk wɑz maɪ ˈrɛfjuʤ. aɪ kʊd krɔl ˈɪntu ðə speɪs bɪtˈwin ðə noʊts ənd kərl maɪ bæk tɪ ˈloʊnlinəs. laɪf ləvz tɪ bi ˈteɪkən baɪ ðə ləˈpɛl ənd toʊld, wɪθ ju kɪd. go’*’. ˈjumən biɪŋz ər mɔr əˈlaɪk ðən unalike*. ˈwɛðər ɪn ˈpɛrɪs, ˈtɛksəs, ər ˈpɛrɪs, fræns, wi ɔl wɔnt tɪ hæv gʊd ʤɑbz wɛr wi ər ˈnidɪd ənd rɪˈspɛktɪd ənd peɪd ʤɪst ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən wi dɪˈzərv. wi wɔnt ˈhɛlθi ˈʧɪldrən, seɪf strits, tɪ bi ləvd ənd hæv ðə ənˈmɪtəˌgeɪtɪd gɔl tɪ əkˈsɛpt ləv. moʊst ˈpipəl groʊ əp. moʊst ˈpipəl eɪʤ. ðeɪ faɪnd ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈspeɪsɪz, ˈɑnər ðɛr ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrdz, gɪt ˈmɛrid, hæv ˈʧɪldrən, ənd kɔl ðət məˈʧʊrəti. wət ðət ɪz, ɪz ˈeɪʤɪŋ. wi kən bi ˈbɛtər, wi kən bi ˈwaɪzər, wi kən bi mɔr kaɪnd. jɛs wi hæv tɪ ʧeɪnʤ. wi hæv tɪ groʊ əp ənd stɑp ˈæktɪŋ laɪk 10 jɪrz oʊld. jɛs ðɛr ɪz məʧ tɪ du, məʧ tɪ si, məʧ tɪ goʊ ˈɪntu. ˈoʊpən jʊr aɪz tɪ ðə ˈbjuti əraʊnd ju, ˈoʊpən jʊr maɪnd tɪ ðə ˈwəndərz əv laɪf, ˈoʊpən jʊr hɑrt tɪ ðoʊz hu ləv ju, ənd ˈɔlˌweɪz bi tru tɪ ˈjɔrsɛlf. aɪ θɪŋk ə ˈhɪroʊ ɪz ˈɛni ˈpərsən ˈrɪli ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɔn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɪs ə ˈbɛtər pleɪs fər ɔl ˈpipəl. aɪ bɪˈliv ɪn ˈlɪvɪŋ ə poʊˈɛtɪk laɪf, ən ɑrt fʊl laɪf. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ wi du frəm ðə weɪ wi reɪz ɑr ˈʧɪldrən tɪ ðə weɪ wi ˈwɛlkəm ɑr frɛndz ɪz pɑrt əv ə lɑrʤ ˈkænvəs wi ər kriˈeɪtɪŋ. ɪf wi lɪv lɔŋ ɪˈnəf, wi meɪ ˈivɪn gɪt ˈoʊvər wɔr. aɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ə taɪm wɪn ˈsəmˌbɑdi wɪl ˈmɛnʃən ðə wərd wɔr ənd ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə rum wɪl stɑrt tɪ læf. ənd wət du ju min wɔr? aɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈkərtəsi. tɪ əkˈsɛpt ˈnəθɪŋ lɛs ðən ˈkərtəsi, ənd tɪ gɪv ˈnəθɪŋ lɛs ðən ˈkərtəsi. laɪf ɪz pjʊr ədˈvɛnʧər, ənd ðə ˈsunər wi ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət, ðə kˈwɪkər wi wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ trit laɪf ɛz ɑrt. ðɛr ər ðoʊz hu seɪ ðət poʊəts ʃʊd juz hər ənd hɪz ɑrt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə wərld. əˈgri wɪθ ðət, bət aɪ θɪŋk ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ʃʊd du ðət. aɪ θɪŋk ðə ʃɛf ənd ðə ˈbeɪkər ənd ðə ˈkændəlˌstɪk ˈmeɪkər aɪ θɪŋk ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ʃʊd bi ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ meɪk ɪt ə ˈbɛtər wərld. wi spɛnd ˈprɛʃəs aʊərz ˈfɪrɪŋ ðə ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl. ɪt wʊd bi waɪz tɪ juz ðət taɪm əˈdɔrɪŋ ɑr ˈfæməliz, ˈʧɛrɪʃɪŋ ɑr frɛndz ənd ˈlɪvɪŋ ɑr lɪvz. tɪ ðoʊz hu hæv ˈgɪvɪn əp ɔn ləv: aɪ seɪ, laɪf ə ˈlɪtəl bit”*”. maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts əˈbaʊt ləv, self-love*, riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps, ˈmɛrɪʤ goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ɪf ju faɪnd ɪt ɪn jʊr hɑrt tɪ kɛr fər ˈsəmˌbɑdi ɛls, ju wɪl hæv səkˈsidɪd. klɪk tɪ twit fərˈgɪvnəs ɪz ə gɪft ju gɪv ˈjɔrsɛlf. aɪ hæv faʊnd ðət əˈməŋ ɪts ˈəðər ˈbɛnəfɪts, ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə soʊl əv ðə ˈgɪvər. fərst bɛst ɪz ˈfɑlɪŋ ɪn ləv. ˈsɛkənd bɛst ɪz biɪŋ ɪn ləv. list bɛst ɪz ˈfɑlɪŋ aʊt əv ləv. bət ˈɛni əv ɪt ɪz ˈbɛtər ðən ˈnɛvər ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ɪn ləv. ju kən ˈnɛvər bi greɪt æt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ənˈlɛs ju ləv ɪt. nɑt bi ɪn ləv wɪθ ɪt, bət ləv ðə θɪŋ, ædˈmaɪr ðə θɪŋ. ənd ɪt simz ðət ɪf ju ləv ðə θɪŋ, ənd ju ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ pəˈzɛs ɪt, ɪt wɪl faɪnd ju. bət ɪf ɪn ləv wɪθ ðə θɪŋ, ɪt meɪ rən laɪk hɛl əˈweɪ frəm ju. wɪn wi faɪnd ˈsəmˌwən hu ɪz breɪv, fən, ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt, ənd ˈləvɪŋ, wi hæv tɪ θæŋk ðə ˈjunəˌvərs. ˈvɛri hɑrd fər ˈædəlts tɪ meɪnˈteɪn rɪˈspɛkt ənd ˈroʊmæns soʊ ðət ə ləv əˈfɛr kən bi səˈsteɪnd ˈoʊvər jɪrz. ɪf aɪ æm nɑt gʊd tɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, haʊ kən aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ˈɛniˌwən ɛls tɪ bi gʊd tɪ mi? fərˈgɪvnəs. wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst gɪfts ju kən gɪv ˈjɔrsɛlf, tɪ fərˈgɪv. fərˈgɪv ˈɛvriˌbɑdi. ju ər rɪˈlivd əv ˈkɛriɪŋ ðət ˈbərdən əv rɪˈzɛntmənt. ju ˈrɪli ər ˈlaɪtər. ju fil ˈlaɪtər. ju ʤɪst drɔp ðət. wɪn ˈpipəl si ðə ˈlæfɪŋ feɪs, ˈivɪn ɪf ˈʤɛləs əv ɪt, ðɛr ˈbərdən ɪz ˈlaɪtənd. bət du ɪt fərst fər ˈjɔrsɛlf. læf ənd dɛr tɪ traɪ tɪ ləv ˈsəmˌbɑdi, ˈstɑrtɪŋ wɪθ ˈjɔrsɛlf. ləv ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz noʊ ˈbɛriərz. ɪt ʤəmps ˈhərdəlz, lips ˈfɛnsɪz, ˈpɛnəˌtreɪts wɔlz tɪ əraɪv æt ɪts ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən fʊl əv hoʊp. ɪn ɪts ˈərli ˈsteɪʤɪz ɪz ɛz snəg ɛz ə ˈfɛðər ˈmætrəs. ˈoʊnli wɪn ɪt ˈhɑrdənz dɪz ɪt bɪˈkəm ənˈkəmfərtəbəl. ləv ɪz laɪk ə ˈvaɪrəs. ɪt kən ˈhæpən tɪ ˈɛnibədi æt ˈɛni taɪm. aɪ bɪˈliv ðət ˈpipəl wɔnt ðə sɛnt əv ləv, mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls. ənd aɪ min ˌsɛnəmɛnˈtælɪti, aɪ min məʃ. aɪ min ðət aɪˈdiə, ðət ˈjumən biɪŋz ər mɔr əˈlaɪk ðən wi ər ˈdɪfərənt. hɑrd bɪˈkəz ˈpipəl θɪŋk ðeɪ hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ luz ənd ðə truθ ɪz ðeɪ hæv ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ tɪ geɪn ɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ ləv ˈsəmˌbɑdi. ˌwəˈtɛvər ju wɔnt tɪ du, ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ bi greɪt æt ɪt, ju hæv tɪ ləv ɪt ənd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ meɪk ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪz fər ɪt. baɪ ləv aɪ min ˌɪnˈdəlʤəns. aɪ du nɑt min ˌsɛnəmɛnˈtælɪti. ənd ɪn ðɪs ˈɪnstəns, aɪ ˈivɪn min ˈroʊmæns. aɪ min ðət kənˈdɪʃən ðət əˈlaʊd ˈjumənz tɪ drim əv gɑd. ðət kənˈdɪʃən ðət əˈlaʊd ðə ““dumb”*” tɪ raɪt ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəlz ənd ˈrəʃən sɔŋz ənd ˈaɪrɪʃ lilts*. ðət ɪz ləv, ənd soʊ məʧ ˈlɑrʤər ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ aɪ kən kənˈsiv. hæv ɪˈnəf kərɪʤ tɪ trəst ləv wən mɔr taɪm ənd ˈɔlˌweɪz wən mɔr taɪm. ɪf ju ˈhæpən tɪ fɔl ɪn ləv wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən ɪn əˈnəðər reɪs, mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt, bɪˈkəz ju hæv tɪ trænzˈleɪt ˈjɔrsɛlf. kənˈvɪnst ðət ðə ˈnɛgətɪv həz paʊər. ɪt lɪvz. ənd ɪf ju əˈlaʊ ɪt tɪ pərʧ ɪn jʊr haʊs, ɪn jʊr maɪnd, ɪn jʊr laɪf, ɪt kən teɪk ju ˈoʊvər. soʊ wɪn ðə rud ər kruəl θɪŋ ɪz sɛd ðə læmˈbeɪstɪŋ, ðə geɪ ˈbæʃɪŋ, ðə heɪt aɪ seɪ, ɪt ɔl aʊt əv maɪ house!”*!” ðoʊz ˈnɛgətɪv wərdz klaɪm ˈɪntu ðə ˈwʊdˌwərk ənd ˈɪntu ðə ˈfərnɪʧər, ənd ðə nɛkst θɪŋ ju noʊ bi ɔn maɪ skɪn. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪt ˈsəmˌwən, ləv ðɛm. nɑt bi ɪn ləv wɪθ ðɛm ˈdeɪnʤərəs. ɪf wi luz ləv ənd sɛlf rɪˈspɛkt fər iʧ ˈəðər, ðɪs ɪz haʊ wi ˈfaɪnəli daɪ. maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts əˈbaʊt kərɪʤ, səkˈsɛs goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ˈwaɪnɪŋ lɛts ðə brut noʊ ə ˈvɪktɪm fər ɪm ɪn ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd. klɪk tɪ twit ˈlərnɪd ðət wɛˈnɛvər aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪθ ən ˈoʊpən hɑrt, aɪ ˈjuʒəwəli meɪk ðə raɪt dɪˈsɪʒən. ju ˈoʊnli ər fri wɪn ju ˈriəˌlaɪz ju bɪˈlɔŋ noʊ pleɪs ju bɪˈlɔŋ ˈɛvəri pleɪs noʊ pleɪs æt ɔl. ðə praɪs ɪz haɪ. ðə rɪˈwɔrd ɪz greɪt. aɪ hæv ɪˈnəf əv laɪf ɪn mi tɪ meɪk ˈsəmˌbɑdi ˈʤɛləs ɪˈnəf tɪ wɔnt tɪ nɑk mi daʊn. aɪ hæv soʊ məʧ kərɪʤ ɪn mi ðət aɪ hæv ðə ɪˈfrəntəri, ðə ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl gɔl tɪ stænd əp. ɪt. haʊ ju gɪt tɪ noʊ hu ju ər. ðoʊz hu hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ seɪ əkˈsɛpt ðə fækt ðət ˈloʊnli. wən ɔˈrɛdi noʊz ðət ðɛr wɪl bi ˈædvərˌsɛriz. æt ˈfɪfˈtin laɪf hæd tɔt mi ˌəndɪˈnaɪəbli ðət sərˈɛndər, ɪn ɪts pleɪs, wɑz ɛz ˈɑnərəbəl ɛz rɪˈzɪstəns, əˈspɛʃəli ɪf wən hæd noʊ ʧɔɪs. ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ ju kən bi ə mɑrk ɪz ɪf ju wɔnt ˈsəmθɪŋ fər ˈnəθɪŋ. ɪf ˈgridi, sɛt əp. ju meɪ nɑt kənˈtroʊl ɔl ðə ɪˈvɛnts ðət ˈhæpən tɪ ju, bət ju kən ˌdɪˈsaɪd nɑt tɪ bi rɪˈdust baɪ ðɛm. ɪf hir, bi traɪɪŋ tɪ bi ə ˈbɛtər ˈjumən biɪŋ, ə ˈbɛtər ˈraɪtər, ə ˈbɛtər frɛnd ənd ə ˈbɛtər bɪˈləvəd. kərɪʤ, aɪ θɪŋk ˈɛnibədi ɪz bɔrn wɪθ kərɪʤ. aɪ θɪŋk ju meɪ bi bɔrn wɪθ ə flɛr tɪ ˌbrægəˈdoʊʃiˌoʊ, ju noʊ. nɑt kərɪʤ. wi meɪ ɪnˈkaʊnər ˈmɛni dɪˈfits, bət wi məst nɑt bi dɪˈfitɪd. ɪt meɪ ˈivɪn bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ ɪnˈkaʊnər ðə dɪˈfit, soʊ ðət wi kən noʊ hu wi ər. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz əˈbaʊt ðə wərk. ɪn ðə ˈlætər jɪrz əv jʊr laɪf, jʊr ˈhæpinəs ənd jʊr wɪl bi dɪˈtərmənd baɪ ðə ˈmaʊntənz ju sərˈmaʊntɪd, ðə ˈvæliz ju klaɪmd aʊt əv, ənd ðə laɪf kərɪr ðət ju fɔrʤd fər ˈjɔrsɛlf. ðə kˈwɑləti əv strɛŋθ laɪnd wɪθ ˈtɛndərnəs ɪz ən ˌənˈbitəbəl ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən, ɛz ər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ənd nəˈsɛsɪti wɪn baɪ ˈfɔrməl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. kərɪʤ ɪz ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt əv ɔl ðə ˈvərʧuz, bɪˈkəz wɪˈθaʊt kərɪʤ ju ˈpræktɪs ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈvərʧu kənˈsɪstəntli. ju kən ˈpræktɪs ˈɛni ˈvərʧu ɛˈrætɪkli, bət ˈnəθɪŋ kənˈsɪstəntli wɪˈθaʊt kərɪʤ. ɪf ˈsəmˌbɑdi ɪz ˈrɪli traɪɪŋ tɪ teɪk jʊr hɛd ɔf wɪθ ə ˈbeɪsˈbɔl bæt aɪ noʊ haʊ lɔŋ səˈpoʊzd tɪ stænd ðɛr ənd tərn ðə ˈəðər ʧik, soʊ hi ər ʃi kən gɪt ə ˈbɛtər ˈæŋgəl æt ˈteɪkɪŋ jʊr hɛd ɔf. ɪf aɪ æm goʊɪŋ tɪ du ðə moʊst ˈdɪfəkəlt ənd ˈfraɪtənɪŋ θɪŋ daɪɪŋ ɪz ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl ðət aɪ kʊd du səm ˈdɪfəkəlt ənd ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl θɪŋz ðət ər gʊd? aɪ θɪŋk ðət iʧ əv ˈjuˈɛs ɪz soʊ məʧ əˈlaɪk, ənd jɛt æt ðə seɪm taɪm wi ər soʊ ˈdɪfərənt, ənd aɪ hæv ə ˈfilɪŋ ðət ɪf ju ɪnˈkaʊnərd ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti, ənd aɪ wɪθ maɪ eɪʤ ɪnˈkaʊnərd ðə seɪm ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti, aɪ wʊd rɪˈspɑnd wən weɪ, ənd ju wʊd rɪˈspɑnd əˈnəðər. ˈniðər wʊd bi raɪt ər rɔŋ. ʤɪst ðət iʧ əv ˈjuˈɛs ɪz kərˈeɪʤəs, ənd wət aɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ, kərɪʤ, ənd ðə kərɪʤ tɪ si, ənd ðə kərɪʤ tɪ seɪ tɪ ˌwənˈsɛlf wət wən həz sin. bi ɪn dɪˈnaɪəl. ju hæv tɪ dil wɪθ wət ju ɪnˈkaʊnər. bət ju məst nɑt bi rɪˈdust. ənd soʊ ə weɪ nɑt tɪ bi rɪˈdust ɪz waɪn! lɛt ðə ˈɪnsədənts wɪʧ teɪk pleɪs ɪn laɪf brɪŋ ju loʊ. aɪ dɪd gɪt nɑkt daʊn flæt ɪn frənt əv ðə hoʊl wərld, ənd aɪ roʊz. aɪ rən əˈweɪ aɪ roʊz raɪt wɛr bɪn nɑkt daʊn. ənd ðɛn haʊ ju gɪt tɪ noʊ ˈjɔrsɛlf. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ wɪn, wi peɪ wɪθ ˈɛnərʤi ənd ˈɛfərt ənd ˈdɪsəplən. ɪf wi luz, wi peɪ ɪn ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt, dɪskənˈtɛnt, ənd læk əv fʊlˈfɪlmənt. aɪ æm nɑt kəmˈpitɪŋ wɪθ ˈɛniˌwən ˈəðər ðən ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. aɪ wɔnt tɪ bi ˈɛksələnt æt ˌwəˈtɛvər aɪ du. aɪ bɪˈliv ðət ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈsɪŋgəl θɪŋ, bɪɔnd ˈdɪsəplən ənd ˌkrieɪˈtɪvəti ɪz ˈdɛrɪŋ tɪ dɛr. si ˈɔlsoʊ: ˈɪntroʊˌvərt kwoʊts, ˈkɑnfədɛns kwoʊts maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts əˈbaʊt ˈhæpinəs, ˈgrætəˌtud, ʤɔɪ goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts aɪ hæv rɪˈspɛkt fər ðə pæst, bət ə ˈpərsən əv ðə ˈmoʊmənt. klɪk tɪ twit bi ˈprɛzənt ɪn ɔl θɪŋz ənd ˈθæŋkfəl fər ɔl θɪŋz. aɪ traɪ tɪ si ˈɛvəri deɪ ɛz ə ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən. ðə eɪk fər hoʊm lɪvz ɪn ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs, ðə seɪf pleɪs wɛr wi kən goʊ ɛz wi ər ənd nɑt bi kˈwɛsʧənd. hir, ənd aɪ du maɪ bɛst tɪ bi kəmˈplitli ˈsɛntərd æt ðə pleɪs æt, ðɛn aɪ goʊ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ðə nɛkst pleɪs. lɛt ˈgrætəˌtud bi ðə ˈpɪloʊ əˈpɑn wɪʧ ju nil tɪ seɪ jʊr ˈnaɪtli prɛr. ənd lɛt feɪθ bi ðə brɪʤ ju bɪld tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ˈivəl ənd ˈwɛlkəm gʊd. ˈstɔrmi ər ˈsəni deɪz, ˈglɔriəs ər ˈloʊnli naɪts, aɪ meɪnˈteɪn ən ˈætəˌtud əv ˈgrætəˌtud. ʃi ˌkɑmprɪˈhɛndɪd ðə pərˈvərsəti əv laɪf, ðət ɪn ðə ˈstrəgəl laɪz ðə ʤɔɪ. ɪf ju məst lʊk bæk, du soʊ forgivingly*. ɪf ju wɪl lʊk ˈfɔrwərd, du soʊ prayerfully*. bət ðə ˈwaɪzəst kɔrs wʊd bi tɪ bi ˈprɛzənt ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈgreɪtfəli. ʤɔɪ ɪz ə ˈfridəm. ɪt hɛlps ə ˈpərsən tɪ faɪnd hɪz ər hər oʊn ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən. ðə ˈpərsən hu ɪz ʤɔɪəs teɪks riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər ðə taɪm teɪks əp ənd ðə speɪs ðət ˈɑkjəˌpaɪz. ju ʃɛr ɪt! səm əv ju hæv ɪt ju ʃɛr ɪt! ðət ɪz wət ʤɔɪ ɪz! wɪn ju kənˈtɪnju tɪ gɪv ɪt əˈweɪ ju wɪl stɪl hæv soʊ məʧ mɔr əv ɪt. ˈhæpinəs ɪz ə ʧæns tɪ tɔk tɪ ə frɛnd, tɪ hir gʊd mˈjuzɪk, tɪ hæv ə gʊd glæs əv waɪn. ˈhæpinəs ɪz ə ʧæns tɪ bi ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd tɪ faɪnd ˈpipəl wɪθ hum aɪ əˈgri ər hu aɪ əˈgri bət aɪ kən lərn ˈsəmθɪŋ. ðə ʃɪp əv maɪ laɪf meɪ ər meɪ nɑt bi ˈseɪlɪŋ ɔn kɑm ənd ˈeɪmiəbəl siz. ðə ˈʧælənʤɪŋ deɪz əv maɪ ɪgˈzɪstəns meɪ ər meɪ nɑt bi braɪt ənd ˈprɑməsɪŋ. ˈstɔrmi ər ˈsəni deɪz, ˈglɔriəs ər ˈloʊnli naɪts, aɪ meɪnˈteɪn ən ˈætəˌtud əv ˈgrætəˌtud. ɪf aɪ ˌɪnˈsɪst ɔn biɪŋ ˌpɛsəˈmɪstɪk, ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz təˈmɑˌroʊ. təˈdeɪ aɪ æm blɛst. ðə faɪər ɪn maɪ aɪz, ənd ðə flæʃ əv maɪ tiθ, ðə swɪŋ ɪn maɪ weɪst, ənd ðə ʤɔɪ ɪn maɪ fit. wɪn ju wɪʃ ˈsəmˌwən ʤɔɪ, ju wɪʃ ðɛm pis, ləv, prɑˈspɛrəti, happiness…*… ɔl ðə gʊd θɪŋz. ˈɛvəri deɪ aɪ əˈweɪkən aɪ æm ˈgreɪtfəl. maɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɪz tɪ bi ˈtoʊtəli ˈprɛzənt ɪn ðət deɪ. ənd læf ɛz məʧ ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. wɪn wi gɪv ˈʧɪrfəli ənd əkˈsɛpt ˈgreɪtfəli, ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz blɛst. bi ˈprɛzənt ɪn ɔl θɪŋz ənd ˈθæŋkfəl fər ɔl θɪŋz. maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts əˈbaʊt ˈfrɛndʃɪp goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ə frɛnd meɪ bi ˈweɪtɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ə feɪs. ðə moʊst priˈrɛkwəzət əv ə frɛnd ɪz ən ækˈsɛsəbəl ɪr. iʧ wən əv ˈjuˈɛs həz lɪvd θru səm ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən, səm ˈloʊnlinəs, səm ˈwɛðər ər ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl, wɪn wi lʊk æt iʧ ˈəðər wi məst seɪ, aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd. aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ju fil bɪˈkəz aɪ hæv bɪn ðɛr ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. wi məst səˈpɔrt iʧ ˈəðər ənd ˈɛmpəˌθaɪz wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər bɪˈkəz iʧ əv ˈjuˈɛs ɪz mɔr əˈlaɪk ðən wi ər unalike*. wɪn ˈsəmˌwən ʃoʊz ju hu ðeɪ ər, bɪˈliv ðɛm ðə fərst taɪm. ˈpipəl noʊ ðɛmˈsɛlvz məʧ ˈbɛtər ðən ju du. waɪ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ stɑp ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ðɛm tɪ bi ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈəðər ðən hu ðeɪ ər. ˈlərnɪd ðət ˈɛvəri deɪ ju ʃʊd riʧ aʊt ənd təʧ ˈsəmˌwən. ˈpipəl ləv ə wɔrm həg, ər ʤɪst ə ˈfrɛndli pæt ɔn ðə bæk. ə mæn ər ˈwʊmən hu siz ˈəðər ˈpipəl ɛz hoʊl ənd priˈpɛrd ənd əˈkɔrdz ðɛm rɪˈspɛkt ənd ðə seɪm raɪts həz əreɪnʤd hɪz ər hər oʊn ˈælaɪz. pərˈhæps ˈtrævəl ˈkænɑt prɪˈvɛnt ˈbɪgətri, bət baɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ðət ɔl ˈpipəlz kraɪ, læf, it, ˈwəri, ənd daɪ, ɪt kən ˌɪntrəˈdus ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ɪf wi traɪ ənd ˌəndərˈstænd iʧ ˈəðər, wi meɪ ˈivɪn bɪˈkəm frɛndz. aɪ θɪŋk ðə mɔr wi noʊ ðə ˈbɛtər wi ər. aɪ min nɑt ʤɪst fækts. ðə mɔr wi noʊ əˈbaʊt iʧ ˈəðər, ðə ˈkloʊzər wi ər tɪ lərn ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɑr sɛlvz. aɪ θɪŋk wi ɔt tɪ gɪv ɑrˈsɛlvz mɔr taɪm. wi ʃʊd bi mɔr ˈpeɪʃənt wɪθ ɑrˈsɛlvz ənd wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər. mɔr ˈfrɛndʃɪp kwoʊts maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts əˈbaʊt ˈfæməli goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ˈlərnɪd ðət rəˈgɑrdləs əv jʊr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ jʊr ˈpɛrənts, mɪs ðɛm wɪn gɔn frəm jʊr laɪf. ðə ləv əv ðə ˈfæməli, ðə ləv əv wən ˈpərsən kən hil. ɪt hilz ðə skɑrz lɛft baɪ ə ˈlɑrʤər soʊˈsaɪɪti. ə ˈmæsɪv, ˈpaʊərfəl soʊˈsaɪɪti. hoʊm ɪz ə ˈrɛfjuʤ nɑt ˈoʊnli frəm ðə wərld, bət ə ˈrɛfjuʤ frəm maɪ ˈwəriz, maɪ ˈtrəbəlz, maɪ kənˈsərnz. aɪ du nɑt bɪˈliv ðət ðə ˈæksədənt əv bərθ meɪks ˈpipəl ˈsɪstərz ənd ˈbrəðərz. ɪt meɪks ðɛm ˈsɪblɪŋz. gɪvz ðɛm mˌjuʧuˈæˌlɪti əv ˈpɛrəntəʤ. ˈsɪstərhʊd ənd ˈbrəðərˌhʊd ər kənˈdɪʃənz ˈpipəl hæv tɪ wərk æt. ə ˈsɪriəs ˈmætər. ju ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz, ju gɪv, ju teɪk, ju stænd fərm, ənd ɪt ɪz ən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt. ˈsɪstərhʊd minz ɪf ju ˈhæpən tɪ bi ɪn ˈbərmə ənd aɪ ˈhæpən tɪ bi ɪn sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ənd ˈmɛrid tɪ ˈsəmˌwən hu ɪz ˈvɛri ˈʤɛləs ənd ˈmɛrid tɪ ˈsəmˌbɑdi hu ɪz ˈvɛri pəˈzɛsɪv, ɪf ju kɔl mi ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə naɪt, aɪ hæv tɪ kəm. ðə ˈsɪstərz ənd ˈbrəðərz ðət ju mit gɪv ju ðə məˈtɪriəlz wɪʧ jʊr ˈkɛrɪktər ˈjuzɪz tɪ bɪld ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ɪt ɪz sɛd ðət səm ˈpipəl ər bɔrn greɪt, ˈəðərz əˈʧiv ɪt, səm hæv ɪt θrəst əˈpɑn ðɛm. ɪn truθ, ðə weɪz ɪn wɪʧ jʊr ˈkɛrɪktər ɪz bɪlt hæv tɪ du wɪθ ɔl θri əv ðoʊz. ðoʊz əraʊnd ju, ðoʊz ju ʧuz, ənd ðoʊz hu ʧuz ju. aɪ səˈsteɪn ˌmaɪˈsɛlf wɪθ ðə ləv əv ˈfæməli. ɪf aɪ hæv ə ˈmɑnjəmənt ɪn ðɪs wərld, ɪt ɪz maɪ sən. maɪ praɪd hæd bɪn stɑrʧt baɪ ə ˈfæməli hu əˈsumd ənˈlɪmɪtɪd əˈθɔrəti ɪn ɪts oʊn əˈfɛrz. ə ləv. si ˈɔlsoʊ: ˈfæməli kwoʊts maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts əˈbaʊt ˈməðərz, ˈwʊmənˌhʊd, ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts aɪ bɪˈkeɪm ðə kaɪnd əv ˈpɛrənt maɪ ˈməðər wɑz tɪ mi. moʊst pleɪn gərlz ər ˈvərʧuəs bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈskɛrsɪti əv ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ bi ˈəðərˌwaɪz. aɪ hæv ə ˈfilɪŋ ðət aɪ meɪk ə ˈvɛri gʊd frɛnd, ənd ə gʊd ˈməðər, ənd ə gʊd ˈsɪstər, ənd ə gʊd ˈsɪtɪzən. aɪ æm ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn laɪf ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɔl əv ɪt. ənd aɪ hæv ə lɔt əv ˈɛnərʤi ənd ə lɔt əv nərv. ðə ˈsædnəs əv ðə ˈmuvmənt ɪz ðət ðeɪ əˈlaʊ ðə nəˈsɛsɪti əv ləv. si, aɪ ˈpərsənəli trəst ˈɛni ˌrɛvəˈluʃən wɛr ləv ɪz nɑt əˈlaʊd. ə ˈwʊmən ɪn ˈhɑrməni wɪθ hər ˈspɪrɪt ɪz laɪk ə ˈrɪvər floʊɪŋ. ʃi goʊz wɛr ʃi wɪl wɪˈθaʊt priˈtɛns ənd əraɪvz æt hər ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən priˈpɛrd tɪ bi hərˈsɛlf ənd ˈoʊnli hərˈsɛlf. kərɪʤ əˈlaʊz ðə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈwʊmən tɪ feɪl ənd tɪ lərn ˈpaʊərfəl ˈlɛsənz frəm ðə ˈfeɪljər soʊ ðət ɪn ðə ɛnd, ʃi feɪl æt ɔl. ˈstɛpɪŋ ˈɔntu ə ˈbrændˌnu pæθ ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt, bət nɑt mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt ðən rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ɪn ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, wɪʧ ɪz nɑt ˈnərʧərɪŋ tɪ ðə hoʊl ˈwʊmən. ə waɪz ˈwʊmən ˈwɪʃɪz tɪ bi noʊ ˈɛnəmi; ə waɪz ˈwʊmən rɪfˈjuzɪz tɪ bi ˈvɪktɪm. aɪ æm ə ˈwʊmən fəˈnɑmənəli, fəˈnɑmənəl ˈwʊmən ðət ɪz jʊr ˈgrændˌməðər, ðət ɪz jʊr ˈməðər, ðət ɪz jʊr ˈsɪstər, ðət ɪz ju ənd ðət ɪz mi. maɪ ˈməðər hæd sɛd mi, raɪt, bɪn reɪzd, soʊ lɛt ˈɛnibədi ɛls reɪz ju. ju noʊ ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin raɪt ənd rɔŋ. du raɪt. ənd rɪˈmɛmbər ju kən ˈɔlˌweɪz kəm home.”*.” ənd ʃi kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪt mi ənˈtɪl ʃi daɪd. ɔn hər ˈməðər: ɔn ðə naɪt ʃi daɪd, aɪ wɛnt tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. aɪ toʊld maɪ mɑm, mi tɛl ju əˈbaʊt ˈjɔrsɛlf. ju dɪˈzərvd ə greɪt ˈdɔtər, ənd ju gɑt wən. ənd ju ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtɪd mi tɪ bi wən. soʊ ɪf taɪm fər ju tɪ goʊ, ju meɪ hæv dən ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ gɑd brɔt ju hir tɪ du. wɪn ˈtiʧərz ər ˈpipəl ɪn əˈθɔrəti pʊt mi daʊn ər ɪn wən weɪ ər əˈnəðər traɪd tɪ meɪk mi fil lɛs ðən ˈikwəl tɪ wət ðeɪ θɔt aɪ ʃʊd bi maɪ ˈməðər wɑz ɔn maɪ saɪd. ɪt wɑz əˈmeɪzɪŋ. maɪ ˈməðər reɪzd mi, ənd ðɛn frid mi. maɪ ˈməðər ɪz soʊ fʊl əv ʤɔɪ ənd laɪf. aɪ æm hər ʧaɪld. ənd ðət ɪz ˈbɛtər ðən biɪŋ ðə ʧaɪld əv ˈɛniˌwən ɛls ɪn ðə wərld. maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts əˈbaʊt ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ˈʧɪldrən, ˈlərnɪŋ, ˈtiʧɪŋ goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ˈlərnɪd ðət aɪ stɪl hæv ə lɔt tɪ lərn. klɪk tɪ twit aɪ du hoʊp ðət jəŋ mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən wɪl stɑrt tɪ θɪŋk fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd stɑrt tɪ teɪk riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər ðɛr oʊn θɔts. wi nid tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər tɪ tiʧ ɑr ˈʧɪldrən ðət ˈsɑləˌtud kən bi ə kənˈdɪʃən. nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz ɪt əkˈsɛptəbəl tɪ bi əˈloʊn; æt taɪmz ɪt ɪz ˈpɑzətɪvli tɪ bi wɪʃt ðə ˈsaɪləns wi ˈlɪsən tɪ ɑrˈsɛlvz. ðɛn wi æsk kˈwɛsʧənz əv ɑrˈsɛlvz. wi dɪˈskraɪb ɑrˈsɛlvz tɪ ɑrˈsɛlvz, ənd ɪn ðə wi meɪ ˈivɪn hir ðə vɔɪs əv gɑd. aɪ θɪŋk wi hæv ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli ənd ˈkrɪtɪkəli hɑrmd ɑrˈsɛlvz ənd ˈmɛni jəŋ ˈpipəl baɪ ædˈvaɪzɪŋ ðɛm nɑt tɪ traɪ θɪŋz. maɪ ˈməðər sɛd aɪ məst ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˌɪnˈtɑlərənt əv ˈɪgnərəns bət ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ˌɪˈlɪtərəsi. ðət səm ˈpipəl, əˈneɪbəl tɪ goʊ tɪ skul, wər mɔr ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd ənd mɔr ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt ðən ˈkɑlɪʤ prəˈfɛsərz. ˈɛni bʊk ðət hɛlps ə ʧaɪld tɪ fɔrm ə ˈhæbət əv ˈrɛdɪŋ, tɪ meɪk ˈrɛdɪŋ wən əv hɪz dip ənd kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ nidz, ɪz gʊd fər ɪm. iʧ ʧaɪld bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs ənd ðeɪ wɪl brɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ə təˈmɑˌroʊ ɪn dɪˈrɛkt riˈleɪʃən tɪ ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti wi hæv ʃoʊn tɪ ðɛm. ɪf goʊɪŋ tɪ ə nu ˈkəntri, aɪ traɪ tɪ lərn ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ənd ðə ˈkəlʧər, soʊ aɪ ʤɪst goʊ ˈbəmbəlɪŋ ˈoʊvər θɪŋz. ˈtælənt tɪ ɪnˈdʊr stɛmz frəm ðɛr ˈɪgnərəns əv ɔlˈtərnətɪvz. ðə ril ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ɪz tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm haʊ ju θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ˈjɔrsɛlf. ɪf wi hæv ðət wi ˈnɛvər groʊ, wi ˈnɛvər lərn, ənd ʃʊr ɛz hɛl wi ʃʊd ˈnɛvər tiʧ. ˈpipəl fil ˈgɪlti. ənd gɪlt ɪz stymieing*. gɪlt immobilizes*. gɪlt ˈkloʊzɪz ðə ɛr dəkts ənd ðə veɪnz, ənd meɪks ˈpipəl ˈɪgnərənt. ɪf ə ˈpərsən ˈɛni ˈjumən biɪŋ ɪz toʊld ˈɔfən ɪˈnəf, ər ˈnəθɪŋ. ju ər ˈnəθɪŋ. ju əˈkaʊnt fər ˈnəθɪŋ. ju kaʊnt fər ˈnəθɪŋ. ju ər lɛs ðən ə ˈjumən biɪŋ. aɪ hæv noʊ ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti əv you”*”, ðə ˈpərsən ˈfaɪnəli bɪˈgɪnz tɪ bɪˈliv ɪt. ðɛr ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ soʊ ˈpɪtəfəl ɛz ə jəŋ ˈsɪnɪk bɪˈkəz hi həz gɔn frəm noʊɪŋ ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ bɪˈlivɪŋ ˈnəθɪŋ. ɪf ðə dɔr həz bɪn ˈoʊpənd ənd bɪn ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd, ər ɪf nɑt ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ənd aɪ ˈsəmˌhaʊ noʊ səˈpoʊzd tɪ goʊ ɪn ðɛr, aɪ pʊt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf təˈgɛðər ənd goʊ ɪn, preɪɪŋ ɔl ðə waɪl. aɪ traɪ tɪ lərn ˈsəmθɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ goʊ ɪn. aɪ traɪ tɪ ʃoʊ səm rɪˈspɛkt əv ðə pleɪs goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu. ɪf ɪn ləv wɪθ jʊr ˈʧɪldrən, ɪn ðɛr lɪvz ɔl ðə taɪm. liv ðɛm əˈloʊn. lɛt ðɛm groʊ ənd meɪk səm mɪˈsteɪks. ɔn hər ˈməðər: tɔk tɪ mi ɛz ɪf aɪ hæd səm sɛns. mɔr ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən kwoʊts maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts əˈbaʊt rɪˈlɪʤən goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts gɑd pʊts ˈreɪnˌboʊz ɪn ðə klaʊdz soʊ ðət iʧ əv ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðə ənd moʊst ˈdrɛdɪd ˈmoʊmənts kən si ə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv hoʊp. waɪl aɪ noʊ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɛz ə kriˈeɪʃən əv gɑd, aɪ æm ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɑbləˌgeɪtɪd tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ənd rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls ənd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls ər ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪʃən. stænd əp streɪt ənd ˈriəˌlaɪz hu ju ər, ðət ju taʊər ˈoʊvər jʊr ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. ju ər ə ʧaɪld əv gɑd. stænd əp streɪt. aɪ bɪˈliv ðət iʧ əv ˈjuˈɛs kəmz frəm ðə kriˈeɪtər ˈtreɪlɪŋ əv ˈglɔri. soʊ æt ðɪs ˈwəndərfəl, jəŋ eɪʤ əv 65 aɪ noʊ jɛt wət ðə lɔrd həz fər mi tɪ du. aɪ traɪ tɪ lɪv əp tɪ ðə ˈɛnərʤi ənd tɪ ðə ˈkɔlɪŋ, bət aɪ dɛr seɪ aɪ hæv ˈivɪn skræʧt ðə ˈsərfəs jɛt. ðə moʊst ˈdɪfəkəlt θɪŋ ɪn ðə wərld, ɪt simz tɪ mi, ɪz tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət aɪ æm ə ʧaɪld əv gɑd; tɪ kip ðət ɪn maɪ maɪnd ɔl ðə taɪm. ˈwərkɪŋ æt traɪɪŋ tɪ bi ə ˈkrɪsʧɪn, ənd ˈsɪriəs ˈbɪznɪs. laɪk traɪɪŋ tɪ bi ə gʊd ʤu, ə gʊd ˈməzlɪm, ə gʊd ˈbudəst, ə gʊd shintoist*, ə gʊd zoroastrian*, ə gʊd frɛnd, ə gʊd ˈləvər, ə gʊd ˈməðər, ə gʊd ˈbədi ˈsɪriəs ˈbɪznɪs. si ˈɔlsoʊ: ˈbudə kwoʊts, ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl kwoʊts maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts əˈbaʊt right’*’, ˈʤəstɪs, rɪˈspɛkt, truθ goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts waɪl ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld həz bɪn ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ˈgænə həz bɪn ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə kˈwɑləti əv juˈmænɪti tɪ mæn. ə wərld əv ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin truθ ənd fækts. fækts kən əbˈskjʊr ðə truθ. ðə truθ ɪz ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. noʊ ˈmætər haʊ ˈnɛgətɪv ɪt ɪz, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɛrətɪv ðət ju lərn ðə truθ, nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ðə fækts. aɪ min, ðət, ðət kən kəm, bət fækts kən stænd ɪn frənt əv ðə truθ ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst əbˈskjʊr ðə truθ. ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɛrətɪv ðət ˈstudənts lərn ðə truθ əv ɑr ˈhɪstəri. ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, niccolò*ò ˌmɑkjəˈvɛli ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ gɪt bæk ɪn ðə gʊd ˈgreɪsɪz əv ðə ˈpaʊərfəl roʊt ə slɪm ˈvɑljum kɔld ðə prɪns. ɪn ðət bʊk hi ʃoʊd ðə paʊərz ðət bi haʊ tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə ˈpipəl. ðət bʊk ɪz ə ˈsteɪtmənt: ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ənd rul, dɪˈvaɪd ənd ˈkɑŋkər. faɪv ˈhənərd jɪrz əˈgoʊ ənd ɪt stɪl wərks, bɪˈkəz wi əˈlaʊ ɑrˈsɛlvz tɪ bi lɛd əraʊnd wɪθ hoʊlz θru ɑr ˈnoʊzɪz. wi əˈlaʊ ɑr ˈɪgnərəns tɪ prɪˈveɪl əˈpɑn ˈjuˈɛs ənd meɪk ˈjuˈɛs θɪŋk wi kən sərˈvaɪv əˈloʊn, əˈloʊn ɪn ˈpæʧɪz, əˈloʊn ɪn grups, əˈloʊn ɪn ˈreɪsɪz, ˈivɪn əˈloʊn ɪn ˈʤɛndərz. aɪ bɪˈliv wi ər stɪl soʊ ˈɪnəsənt. ðə ˈspiʃiz ər stɪl soʊ ˈɪnəsənt ðət ə ˈpərsən hu ɪz æpt tɪ bi ˈmərdərd bɪˈlivz ðət ðə ˈmərdərər, ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr hi pʊts ðə ˈfaɪnəl rɛnʧ ɔn hɪz θroʊt, wɪl hæv ɪˈnəf kəmˈpæʃən tɪ gɪv ɪm wən swit kəp əv ˈwɔtər. aɪ wɪʃ ðət wi kʊd lʊk ˈɪntu iʧ ˈfeɪsɪz, ɪn iʧ aɪz, ənd si ɑr oʊn sɛlvz. aɪ hoʊp ðət ðə ˈʧɪldrən hæv nɑt bɪn soʊ skɑrd baɪ ðɛr ˈəpˌbrɪŋɪŋ ðət ðeɪ ˈoʊnli θɪŋk fɪr wɪn ðeɪ si ˈsəmˌwən ɛls hu lʊks ˈsɛpərˌeɪt frəm ðɛm. aɪ preɪ fər hjuˈmɪlɪti bɪˈkəz ðət kəmz frəm ˌɪnˈsaɪd aʊt. ənd wət hjuˈmɪlɪti dɪz fər wən, ɪz ɪt riˈmaɪndz ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðɛr ər ˈpipəl ˌbiˈfɔr mi. aɪ hæv ɔˈrɛdi bɪn peɪd fər. ənd wət aɪ nid tɪ du ɪz priˈpɛr ˌmaɪˈsɛlf soʊ ðət aɪ kən peɪ fər ˈsəmˌwən ɛls hu həz jɛt tɪ kəm, bət hu meɪ bi hir ənd nidz mi. ðɪs ɪz wət aɪ æm ˈlərnɪŋ, æt 82 jɪrz oʊld: ðə meɪn θɪŋ ɪz tɪ bi ɪn ləv wɪθ ðə sərʧ fər truθ. si ˈɔlsoʊ: ðə bɛst rɪˈspɛkt kwoʊts aɪ bɪˈliv wət aɪ hæv tɪ seɪ ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, ənd aɪ bɪˈliv ðə ˈpipəl ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ hir mi ər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, ənd soʊ ðə əˈkeɪʒən əv ˌɪtˈsɛlf əˈloʊn həz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns, wɪʧ ˈfɔrsɪz mi tɪ stɛr daʊn maɪ nərvz. aɪ laɪk tɪ spik ɔn ˈmætərz wɪʧ ˈmætər tɪ ˈjumən biɪŋz, ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈmætərz tɪ ˈjumən biɪŋz. ðə rut kɔz əv ɔl ðə ˈprɑbləmz wi hæv ɪn ðə wərld təˈdeɪ ɪz ˈɪgnərəns əv kɔrs. bət moʊst, ˌpoʊlərɪˈzeɪʃən. ɪt ɪz ˈbɛtər tɪ kənˈtroʊl ˌwənˈsɛlf, ɪf wən kən, ənd nɑt hɪt bæk. bət ɔn ˈsərtən ɔˈkeɪʒənz, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɛrətɪv tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ˌwənˈsɛlf. aɪ θɪŋk fɛr tɪ æsk ˈɛnibədi nɑt tɪ dɪˈfɛnd hərˈsɛlf ər hɪmˈsɛlf. ˈprɛʤədɪs ɪz ə ˈbərdən ðət kənfˈjuzɪz ðə pæst, θˈrɛtənz ðə fˈjuʧər ənd ˈrɛndərz ðə ˈprɛzənt ˌɪnəkˈsɛsəbəl. tɛl ðə truθ tɪ ˈpipəl. wɪn ˈpipəl æsk, ər you?’*?’ hæv ðə nərv ˈsəmˌtaɪmz tɪ ˈænsər ˈtruθfəli. ðə truθ ɪz, raɪt meɪ nɑt bi ɪkˈspidiənt. ɪt meɪ nɑt bi ˈprɑfətəbəl, bət ɪt wɪl ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ jʊr soʊl. maɪ hɑrt ɪz soʊ ˈhɛvi wɪn aɪ si ðə ˌriˈæləˌti əv ðə ˈɪndiən ˌrɛzərˈveɪʃən ənd ɛz ən əˈmɛrɪkən, aɪ noʊ aɪ æm, tu, riˈspɑnsəbəl. ˈpipəl traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈpipəl ˈrəðər ðən brɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs together…*… pliz. ju ʤɪst si ɪt ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld. maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu kwoʊts əˈbaʊt ˈhɪstəri, blæk ˈhɪstəri, ˈreɪˌsɪzəm goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts aɪ æm ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmd baɪ ðə greɪs ənd pərˈsɪstəns əv maɪ ˈpipəl. ˈhɛzəˌteɪt tɪ lərn ðə moʊst ˈpeɪnfəl ˈæˌspɛkts əv ɑr ˈhɪstəri, ˌəndərˈstænd ɪt. ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɛrətɪv ðət jəŋ waɪt mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən ˈstədi ðə blæk əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri. ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɛrətɪv ðət blæks ənd waɪts ˈstədi ðə ˈeɪʒən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri. ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈbjutəfəl əˈbaʊt ðə fækt ðət ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɑz nɑt ʤɪst ɪˈlɛktɪd, bət ɪˈlɛktɪd dɪˈsaɪsɪvli əˈkrɔs ˈreɪʃəl, ənd ənd ˈkəlʧərəl grups ənd ðət wi ɔl ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ɪn hɪz wɪn. ðə ˈkəntri gɪt ðət weɪ ɪn ə wik; hæd jɪrz ənd jɪrz əv ˈgɪtɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ɪn ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi. soʊ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə stɛpt ˈɪntu ə ənd ˈpipəl ˈwɔntɪd ɪm tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ɪt ɛz sun ɛz hi keɪm ɪn. bət gɑt hɪz ˈædvərˌsɛriz tɪ dil wɪθ ɪn ðə haʊs ənd ˈsɛnɪt, soʊ nɑt ˈizi. ɔl əv maɪ ˈhɪstəri ɛz ən ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən ˈwʊmən, ɛz ə ʤuɪʃ ˈwʊmən, ɛz ə ˈməzlɪm ˈwʊmən. ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ aɪ ˈɛvər nu, ənd ɔl ðə ˈstɔriz rɛd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ gʊd, strɔŋ, kaɪnd ənd ˈpaʊərfəl. aɪ brɪŋ ɪt ɔl wɪθ mi ˈɪntu ˈɛvəri ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ənd aɪ wɪl nɑt əˈlaʊ maɪ laɪf tɪ bi ˈmɪnəˌmaɪzd baɪ ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ər ˈsɛksɪzəm ər. ˈhɪstəri, dɪˈspaɪt ɪts ˈrɛnʧɪŋ peɪn, ˈkænɑt bi unlived*, bət ɪf feɪst wɪθ kərɪʤ, nid nɑt bi lɪvd əˈgɛn. aɪ wʊd ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈjuˈɛs ɔl, ˈæfrɪkɑn əˈmɛrɪkənz, ˈeɪʒənz, lɑˈtinoʊs, waɪts, ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz tɪ ˈstədi ˈhɪstəri. aɪ lɔŋ fər ðə taɪm wɪn ɔl ðə ˈjumən ˈhɪstəri ɪz tɔt ɛz wən ˈhɪstəri. aɪ æm ˈstrɔŋgər bɪˈkəz ju ər ˈstrɔŋgər. aɪ æm ˈwikər ɪf ju ər wik. soʊ wi ər mɔr əˈlaɪk ðən wi ər ənˈlaɪk. aɪ hæv greɪt rɪˈspɛkt fər ðə pæst. ðə ˈprɑbləm aɪ hæv wɪθ ˈheɪtərz ɪz ðət ðeɪ si maɪ ˈglɔri, bət ðeɪ noʊ maɪ ˈstɔri. ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ənd ˈsɛksɪzəm ənd ənd ɔl sɔrts əv. bət bæd nuz ɪz nɑt nuz. hæd bæd nuz ɛz ə ˈspiʃiz fər ə lɔŋ taɪm. hæd sˈleɪvəri ənd ˈjumən ˈsækrəˌfaɪs ənd ðə ˈhɔləˌkɔst ənd bruˈtælətiz əv səʧ ˈmɛʒər. maɪ ˈpipəl hæv sərˈvaɪvd sˈleɪvəri wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ hoʊp ðət ɪt wʊd gɪt ˈbɛtər. ə dɪˈsɛndənt əv ˈsəmˌwən bɔt ənd soʊld, ənd brɔt ɪn 1619 ɪn wət wɑz tɪ bɪˈkəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ɛz fɑr ɛz aɪ nu waɪt ˈwɪmən wər ˈnɛvər ˈloʊnli, ɪkˈsɛpt ɪn bʊks. waɪt mɛn əˈdɔrd ðɛm, blæk mɛn dɪˈzaɪərd ðɛm ənd blæk ˈwɪmən wərkt fər ðɛm. wi ər groʊɪŋ əp. wi ər groʊɪŋ əp! aʊt əv ðə ðə əv ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ənd ˈsɛksɪzəm ənd ənd ɔl ðoʊz. fər ˈæfrɪkɑ tɪ me…*… ɪz mɔr ðən ə ˈglæmərəs fækt. ɪt ɪz ə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl truθ. noʊ mæn kən noʊ wɛr hi ɪz goʊɪŋ ənˈlɛs hi noʊz ɪgˈzæktli wɛr hi həz bɪn ənd ɪgˈzæktli haʊ hi əraɪvd æt hɪz ˈprɛzənt pleɪs. wi ɔl ʃʊd noʊ ðət dɪˈvərsɪti meɪks fər ə rɪʧ ˈtæpəstri, ənd wi məst ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ɔl ðə θrɛdz əv ðə ˈtæpəstri ər ˈikwəl ɪn ˈvælju noʊ ˈmætər wət ðɛr ˈkələr. ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈædəlt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈnigroʊ ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈimərʤɪz ə ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl ˈkɛrɪktər ɪz ˈɔfən mɛt wɪθ əˈmeɪzmənt, dɪˈsteɪst ənd ˈivɪn bəˈlɪʤərəns. ɪt ɪz ˈsɛldəm ækˈsɛptɪd ɛz ən ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ðə ˈstrəgəl wən baɪ sərˈvaɪvərz, ənd dɪˈzərvz rɪˈspɛkt ɪf nɑt ɛnt. wi ˈkænɑt ʧeɪnʤ ðə pæst, bət wi kən ʧeɪnʤ ɑr ˈætəˌtud təˈwɔrd ɪt. əˈprut gɪlt ənd plænt fərˈgɪvnəs. tɪr aʊt ˈɛrəgəns ənd sid hjuˈmɪlɪti. ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ləv fər heɪt ˈðɛrˈbaɪ, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈkəmfərtəbəl ənd ðə fˈjuʧər ˈprɑməsɪŋ. ɪt ɪz taɪm fər ˈpɛrənts tɪ tiʧ jəŋ ˈpipəl ˈərli ɔn ðət ɪn dɪˈvərsɪti ðɛr ɪz ˈbjuti ənd ðɛr ɪz strɛŋθ. mɔr ˈhɪstəri kwoʊts pɑrt 4 maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu poʊəmz goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts əˈloʊn, ɔl əˈloʊn. ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi, bət ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi. kən meɪk ɪt aʊt hir əˈloʊn. aɪ tɛl fækt frəm ˈfɪkʃən, ər ɪf ðə drim wɑz tru. maɪ ˈoʊnli ʃʊr priˈdɪkʃən ɪn ðɪs wərld wɑz ju. təʧ jʊr ˈfiʧərz inchly*. bɪrd ləv ənd dɛrd ðə kɔst. ðə spil rild mi ənˈril ənd aɪ faʊnd maɪ ˈsɛnsɪz lɔst. wi nid ʤɔɪ ɛz wi nid ɛr. wi nid ləv ɛz wi nid ˈwɔtər. wi nid iʧ ˈəðər ɛz wi nid ðə ərθ wi ʃɛr. wɪn maɪ boʊnz ər stɪf ənd ˈeɪkɪŋ, ənd maɪ fit klaɪm ðə stɛr, aɪ wɪl ˈoʊnli æsk wən ˈfeɪvər: brɪŋ mi noʊ ˈrɑkɪŋ ʧɛr. wɪn ju si mi ˈwɔkɪŋ, ˈstəmbəlɪŋ, ˈstədi ənd gɪt ɪt rɔŋ. taɪərd min ˈleɪzi ənd ˈɛvəri ˌgʊdˈbaɪ gɔn. ðə seɪm ˈpərsən aɪ wɑz bæk ðɛn, ə ˈlɪtəl lɛs hɛr, ə ˈlɪtəl lɛs ʧɪn, ə lɔt lɛs ləŋz ənd məʧ lɛs wɪnd. bət aɪ ˈləki aɪ kən stɪl brið ɪn. ʤɪst du raɪt. raɪt meɪ nɑt bi ɪkˈspidiənt, ɪt meɪ nɑt bi ˈprɑfətəbəl, bət ɪt wɪl ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ jʊr soʊl. ɪt brɪŋz ju ðə kaɪnd əv prəˈtɛkʃən ðət ˈbɑdiˌgɑrdz gɪv ju. soʊ traɪ tɪ lɪv jʊr laɪf ɪn ə weɪ ðət ju wɪl nɑt rɪˈgrɛt jɪrz əv ˈjusləs ˈvərʧu ənd ˌɪˈnərʃə ənd təˈmɪdəti. teɪk əp ðə ˈbætəl. teɪk ɪt əp. jʊrz. ðɪs ɪz jʊr laɪf. ðɪs ɪz jʊr wərld. aʊt əv ðə həts əv ʃeɪm, aɪ raɪz. əp frəm ə pæst ˈrutɪd ɪn peɪn, aɪ raɪz. ə blæk ˈoʊʃən, ˈlipɪŋ ənd waɪd. ˈwɛlɪŋ ənd sˈwɛlɪŋ aɪ bɛr ɪn ðə taɪd. ˈlivɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd naɪts əv ˈtɛrər ənd fɪr, aɪ raɪz. ˈɪntu ə ˈdeɪˌbreɪk klɪr, aɪ raɪz. ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðə gɪfts ðət maɪ ˈænˌsɛstərz geɪv, aɪ æm ðə drim ənd ðə hoʊp əv ðə sleɪv. aɪ raɪz, aɪ raɪz, aɪ raɪz. ɪf wən həz kərɪʤ, ˈnəθɪŋ kən dɪm ðə laɪt wɪʧ ʃaɪnz frəm wɪˈθɪn. aɪ æm ə ˈwʊmən. fəˈnɑmənəli. fəˈnɑmənəl ˈwʊmən, mi. pɑrt 5 kwoʊts frəm maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu bʊks goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts aɪ noʊ waɪ ðə keɪʤd bərd sɪŋz ˈhoʊpɪŋ fər ðə bɛst, priˈpɛrd fər ðə wərst, ənd baɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪn bɪtˈwin. laɪf ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪv ju ʤɪst wət ju pʊt ɪn ɪt. pʊt jʊr hoʊl hɑrt ɪn ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ju du, ənd preɪ, ðɛn ju kən weɪt. wərdz min mɔr ðən wət ɪz sɛt daʊn ɔn ˈpeɪpər. ɪt teɪks ðə ˈjumən vɔɪs tɪ ˌɪnfˈjuz ðɛm wɪθ ˈdipər ˈminɪŋ. ˈæməˌzɑn lɪŋk fər ðə bʊk mɑm mi mɑm maɪ gɪfts əv kərɪʤ tɪ mi wər boʊθ lɑrʤ ənd smɔl. ðə ˈlætər ər ˈwoʊvən soʊ ˈsətəli ˈɪntu ðə ˈfæbrɪk əv maɪ ˈsaɪki ðət aɪ kən ˈhɑrdli dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ wɛr ʃi stɑps ənd aɪ bɪˈgɪn. aɪ wɪl lʊk ˈæftər ju ənd aɪ wɪl lʊk ˈæftər ˈɛnibədi ju seɪ nidz tɪ bi lʊkt ˈæftər, ˈɛni weɪ ju seɪ. aɪ æm hir. aɪ brɔt maɪ hoʊl sɛlf tɪ ju. aɪ æm jʊr ˈməðər. aɪ wɔnt ju tɪ lərn ðət ju ˈkænɑt hæv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˈwərkɪŋ fər ɪt. du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət ju θɪŋk ɪz rɔŋ. ʤɪst du wət ju θɪŋk ɪz raɪt, ənd ðɛn bi ˈrɛdi tɪ bæk ɪt əp ˈivɪn wɪθ jʊr laɪf. ˈæməˌzɑn lɪŋk fər ðə bʊk ðə kəmˈplit kəˈlɛktəd poʊəmz əv maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu wi ər mɔr əˈlaɪk, maɪ frɛndz, ðən wi ər unalike*. ðə keɪʤd bərd sɪŋz wɪθ ə ˈfɪrfəl trɪl əv θɪŋz ənˈnoʊn bət lɔŋd fər stɪl ənd hɪz tun ɪz hərd ɔn ðə ˈdɪstənt hɪl fər ðə keɪʤd bərd sɪŋz əv ˈfridəm. ə bərd ðət stɔks daʊn hɪz ˈnɛroʊ keɪʤ kən ˈsɛldəm si θru hɪz bɑrz əv reɪʤ hɪz wɪŋz ər klɪpt ənd hɪz fit ər taɪd soʊ hi ˈoʊpənz hɪz θroʊt tɪ sɪŋ. ə keɪʤd bərd stændz ɔn ðə greɪv əv drimz hɪz ˈʃæˌdoʊ ʃaʊts ɔn ə ˈnaɪtˌmɛr skrim hɪz wɪŋz ər klɪpt ənd hɪz fit ər taɪd soʊ hi ˈoʊpənz hɪz θroʊt tɪ sɪŋ. ˈæməˌzɑn lɪŋk fər ðə bʊk ənd stɪl aɪ raɪz: ə bʊk əv poʊəmz ju meɪ ʃut mi wɪθ jʊr wərdz, ju meɪ kət mi wɪθ jʊr aɪz, ju meɪ kɪl mi wɪθ jʊr hatefulness*, bət stɪl, laɪk ɛr, raɪz! hæd aɪ noʊn ðət ðə hɑrt breɪks sˈloʊli, ˌdɪsˈmæntlɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈɪntu ənˌrɛkəgˈnaɪzəbəl plɑts əv misery…*… hæd aɪ noʊn jɛt aɪ wʊd hæv ləvd ju, jʊr bræʃ ənd ˈɪnsələnt ˈbjuti, jʊr ˈhɛvi kəˈmidɪk feɪs ənd ˈnɑlɪʤ əv swit dɪˈlaɪts, bət frəm ə ˈdɪstəns aɪ wʊd hæv lɛft ju hoʊl ənd ˈhoʊli fər ðə əv ðoʊz hu ˈwɔntɪd mɔr ənd kɛrd lɛs. ju meɪ raɪt mi daʊn ɪn ˈhɪstəri wɪθ jʊr ˈbɪtər, tˈwɪstɪd laɪz. ju meɪ trɑd mi ɪn ðə ˈvɛri dərt, bət stɪl laɪk dəst, raɪz. ˈæməˌzɑn lɪŋk fər ðə bʊk ðə hɑrt əv ə ˈwʊmən ju gɪt tu haɪ fər ˈsəmˌbɑdi tɪ brɪŋ ju daʊn. aɪ hæd tɪ trəst laɪf, sɪns aɪ wɑz jəŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ bɪˈliv ðət laɪf ləvd ðə ˈpərsən hu dɛrd tɪ lɪv ɪt. aɪ du ɪt? ˈrəðər nɑt traɪ ənd fail”*”. ˈstupɪd tɔk maɪə. ˈɛvəri traɪ wɪl nɑt səkˈsid. bət ɪf goʊɪŋ tɪ lɪv, lɪv æt ɔl, jʊr ˈbɪznɪs ɪz feɪl, ju gɪt əp ənd traɪ again.”*.” ˈæməˌzɑn lɪŋk fər ðə bʊk fəˈnɑmənəl ˈwʊmən: fɔr poʊəmz ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ ˈwɪmən ˈprɪti ˈwɪmən ˈwəndər wɛr maɪ ˈsikrɪt laɪz. nɑt kjut ər bɪlt tɪ sut ə ˈfæʃən saɪz. bət wɪn aɪ stɑrt tɪ tɛl ðɛm, ðeɪ θɪŋk ˈtɛlɪŋ laɪz. aɪ seɪ, ɪn ðə riʧ əv maɪ ɑrmz ðə spæn əv maɪ hɪps, ðə straɪd əv maɪ stɛp, ðə kərl əv maɪ lɪps. ə ˈwʊmən. fəˈnɑmənəli. fəˈnɑmənəl ˈwʊmən, mi. mɛn ðɛmˈsɛlvz hæv ˈwəndərd wət ðeɪ si ɪn mi. ðeɪ traɪ soʊ məʧ bət ðeɪ təʧ maɪ ˈɪnər ˈmɪstəri. wɪn aɪ traɪ tɪ ʃoʊ ðɛm ðeɪ seɪ ðeɪ stɪl si. aɪ seɪ, ɪn ðə ɑrʧ əv maɪ bæk, ðə sən əv maɪ smaɪl, ðə raɪd əv maɪ brɛsts, ðə greɪs əv maɪ staɪl. ə ˈwʊmən. fəˈnɑmənəli. fəˈnɑmənəl ˈwʊmən, mi. naʊ ju ˌəndərˈstænd ʤɪst waɪ maɪ nɑt boʊd. aɪ ʃaʊt ər ʤəmp əˈbaʊt ər hæv tɪ tɔk ril laʊd. wɪn ju si mi ˈpæsɪŋ ɪt ɔt tɪ meɪk ju praʊd. aɪ seɪ, ɪn ðə klɪk əv maɪ hilz, ðə bɛnd əv maɪ hɛr, ðə pɑm əv maɪ hænd, ðə nid əv maɪ kɛr, ə ˈwʊmən. fəˈnɑmənəli. fəˈnɑmənəl ˈwʊmən, mi. aɪ noʊ ðət nɑt ðə ˈiziəst ˈpərsən tɪ lɪv wɪθ. ðə ˈʧælənʤ aɪ pʊt ɔn ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪz soʊ greɪt ðət ðə ˈpərsən aɪ lɪv wɪθ filz hɪmˈsɛlf ˈʧælənʤd. aɪ brɪŋ ə lɔt tɪ bɛr, ənd aɪ noʊ haʊ nɑt tɪ. ˈæməˌzɑn lɪŋk fər ðə lɪŋk ˈlɛtərz tɪ maɪ ˈdɔtər aɪ kən bi ʧeɪnʤd baɪ wət ˈhæpənz tɪ mi, bət aɪ ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ bi rɪˈdust baɪ ɪt. aɪ bɪˈliv ðət wən kən ˈnɛvər liv hoʊm. aɪ bɪˈliv ðət wən ˈkɛriz ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊz, ðə drimz, ðə fɪrz ənd ðə ˈdrægənz əv hoʊm ˈəndər skɪn, æt ðə ɪkˈstrim ˈkɔrnərz əv aɪz ənd ˈpɑsəbli ɪn ðə ˈgrɪsəl əv ðə earlobe*. meɪk ˈɛvəri ˈɛfərt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ θɪŋz ju du nɑt laɪk. ɪf ju ˈkænɑt meɪk ə ʧeɪnʤ, ʧeɪnʤ ðə weɪ ju hæv bɪn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ. ju maɪt faɪnd ə nu səˈluʃən. ɔl greɪt ˈɑrtɪsts drɔ frəm ðə seɪm ˈrisɔrs: ðə ˈjumən hɑrt, wɪʧ tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs ɔl ðət wi ər mɔr əˈlaɪk ðən wi ər unalike*. wən ˈpərsən, wɪθ gʊd ˈpərpəs, kən, ˈkɑnstəˌtut ðə məˈʤɔrəti. ˈæməˌzɑn lɪŋk fər ðə bʊk pɑrt 6 mɔr ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ ˈɔθərz laɪk maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu gaɪ ˈʤɑnsən (maɪə sən) goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts aɪ gru əp ɪn hər laɪt. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz aɪ ˈwərði əv ɪt, bət ɪt həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ən ɪkˈspɪriəns ðət ɪkˈspændɪd mi. gaɪ ˈʤɑnsən ʃi θɪŋks ðət ðə dɪˈvaɪn hænd ɪz ɪn ɔl θɪŋz. ʃi həz feɪθ laɪk ə rɑk ju kən stænd ɔn ɪt. ʃi spiks tɪ ɑr juˈmænɪti ənd ʃi riˈmaɪndz ˈjuˈɛs ðət wi ər boʊθ ˈbrəðər ənd ˈsɪstər tɪ ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈjumən reɪs. gaɪ ˈʤɑnsən kip ɔn ˈspikɪŋ, mɑ. wi nid ðə ˈlɛsənz, ðə ˈbjutəfəl poʊəmz, bʊks, ˈmuviz, ˈdænsɪz, ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃənz ənd ləv. gaɪ ˈʤɑnsən ɔn hər ˈmɪʃən: ɪt hæd tɪ du wɪθ ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈpipəl ðət wi hæv tɪ gɪv rɪˈspɛkt tɪ iʧ ˈəðər ənd rɪˈspɛkt ðɪs planet…*… ðət wi ər mɔr əˈlaɪk ðən wi ər unalike…*… ənd ðət ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ɪz ə ˈfulɪʃ ənd dɪˈvaɪsɪv ˈkɑnstrəkt. gaɪ ˈʤɑnsən aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˈoʊnli ˈrizən ʃi stək əraʊnd ðɪs lɔŋ ɪz ðət ʃi fɛlt ʃi wɑz ɔn ə dɪˈvaɪn ˈmɪʃən. gaɪ ˈʤɑnsən ʃi wɑz ə ˈwɔrjər fər kɑm, ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ, pis, ənd ləv. gaɪ ˈʤɑnsən ˈoʊprə ˈwɪnfri goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts duɪŋ ðə bɛst æt ðɪs ˈmoʊmənt pʊts ju ɪn ðə bɛst pleɪs fər ðə nɛkst ˈmoʊmənt. ˈoʊprə ˈwɪnfri ðə ˈbɪgəst ədˈvɛnʧər ju kən teɪk ɪz tɪ lɪv ðə laɪf əv jʊr drimz. ˈoʊprə ˈwɪnfri wɛr ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈstrəgəl, ðɛr ɪz noʊ strɛŋθ. ˈoʊprə ˈwɪnfri klɪk tɪ twit ˈælɪs ˈwɔkər goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ɪkˈspɛkt ˈnəθɪŋ. lɪv ˈfrugəli ɔn səˈpraɪz. ˈælɪs ˈwɔkər ɪn ˈneɪʧər, ˈnəθɪŋ ɪz ˈpərˌfɪkt ənd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz ˈpərˌfɪkt. triz kən bi kənˈtɔrtəd, bɛnt ɪn wɪrd weɪz, ənd stɪl ˈbjutəfəl. ˈælɪs ˈwɔkər ɪn sərʧ əv maɪ ˈgɑrdən, aɪ faʊnd maɪ oʊn. ˈælɪs ˈwɔkər ˈɛmɪli ˈdɪkɪnsən goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts tɛl ðə truθ, bət tɛl ɪt slænt. ˈɛmɪli ˈdɪkɪnsən seɪɪŋ ˈnəθɪŋ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz sɪz ðə moʊst. ˈɛmɪli ˈdɪkɪnsən hoʊp ɪz ðə θɪŋ wɪθ ˈfɛðərz ðət ˈpərʧɪz ɪn ðə soʊl ənd sɪŋz ðə tun wɪˈθaʊt ðə wərdz ənd ˈnɛvər stɑps æt ɔl. ˈɛmɪli ˈdɪkɪnsən ˈtoʊni ˈmɔrɪsən goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ləv ɪz ər ɪt. θɪn ləv ləv æt ɔl. ˈtoʊni ˈmɔrɪsən friɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf wɑz wən θɪŋ, ˈkleɪmɪŋ ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp əv ðət frid sɛlf wɑz əˈnəðər. ˈtoʊni ˈmɔrɪsən ju ˈwɑnə flaɪ, ju gɑt tɪ gɪv əp ðə ʃɪt ðət weɪz ju daʊn. ˈtoʊni ˈmɔrɪsən ʤeɪmz ˈbɔldwən goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ˈpipəl ər træpt ɪn ˈhɪstəri ənd ˈhɪstəri ɪz træpt ɪn ðɛm. ʤeɪmz ˈbɔldwən ləv dɪz nɑt bɪˈgɪn ənd ɛnd ðə weɪ wi sim tɪ θɪŋk ɪt dɪz. ləv ɪz ə ˈbætəl, ləv ɪz ə wɔr; ləv ɪz ə groʊɪŋ əp. ʤeɪmz ˈbɔldwən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri ɪz ˈlɔŋgər, ˈlɑrʤər, mɔr ˈvɛriəs, mɔr ˈbjutəfəl, ənd mɔr ˈtɛrəbəl ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈɛniˌwən həz ˈɛvər sɛd əˈbaʊt ɪt. ʤeɪmz ˈbɔldwən ˈnɛlsən ˌmænˈdɛlə goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈglɔri ɪn ˈlɪvɪŋ laɪz nɑt ɪn ˈnɛvər ˈfɑlɪŋ, bət ɪn ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈɛvəri taɪm wi fɔl. ˈnɛlsən ˌmænˈdɛlə wɪn ə mæn ɪz dɪˈnaɪd ðə raɪt tɪ lɪv ðə laɪf hi bɪˈlivz ɪn, hi həz noʊ ʧɔɪs bət tɪ bɪˈkəm ən ˈaʊˌtlɔ. ˈnɛlsən ˌmænˈdɛlə rɪˈzɛntmənt ɪz laɪk ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈpɔɪzən ənd ðɛn ˈhoʊpɪŋ ɪt wɪl kɪl jʊr ˈɛnəmiz. ˈnɛlsən ˌmænˈdɛlə ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ. goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs ˈɛniˌwɛr ɪz ə θrɛt tɪ ˈʤəstɪs ˈɛvriˌwɛr. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ ˈdɑrknəs ˈkænɑt draɪv aʊt ˈdɑrknəs; ˈoʊnli laɪt kən du ðət. heɪt ˈkænɑt draɪv aʊt heɪt; ˈoʊnli ləv kən du ðət. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ aɪ hæv ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ stɪk tɪ ɪz tu greɪt ə ˈbərdən tɪ bɛr. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ ɑr lɪvz bɪˈgɪn tɪ ɛnd ðə deɪ wi bɪˈkəm ˈsaɪlənt əˈbaʊt θɪŋz ðət ˈmætər. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ ˈoʊnli ɪn ðə ˈdɑrknəs kən ju si ðə stɑrz. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ baɪ maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu: ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ wɑz ə ˈjumən biɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈbrɪljənt maɪnd, ə ˈpaʊərfəl hɑrt, ənd ˈɪnˌsaɪt, ənd kərɪʤ ənd ˈɔlsoʊ wɪθ ə sɛns əv ˈhjumər. soʊ hi wɑz ækˈsɛsəbəl. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ. ˈmælkəm ɛks goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ɪf nɑt ˈrɛdi tɪ daɪ fər ɪt, pʊt ðə wərd ‘‘freedom’*’ aʊt əv jʊr voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri. ˈmælkəm ɛks klɪk tɪ twit ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪz ðə ˈpæˌspɔrt tɪ ðə fˈjuʧər, fər təˈmɑˌroʊ bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ðoʊz hu priˈpɛr fər ɪt təˈdeɪ. ˈmælkəm ɛks fər truθ, noʊ ˈmætər hu tɛlz ɪt. fər ˈʤəstɪs, noʊ ˈmætər hu ɪt ɪz fər ər əˈgɛnst. ə ˈjumən biɪŋ, fərst ənd ˈfɔrˌmoʊst, ənd ɛz səʧ fər huˈɛvər ənd ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈbɛnəfɪts juˈmænɪti ɛz ə hoʊl. ˈmælkəm ɛks ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈbɛtər ðən ædˈvərsɪˌti. ˈɛvəri dɪˈfit, ˈɛvəri ˈhɑrtˌbreɪk, ˈɛvəri lɔs, kənˈteɪnz ɪts oʊn sid, ɪts oʊn ˈlɛsən ɔn haʊ tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv jʊr pərˈfɔrməns ðə nɛkst taɪm. ˈmælkəm ɛks ɪf ˈsəmˌwən pʊts ðɛr hænz ɔn ju meɪk ʃʊr ðeɪ ˈnɛvər pʊt ðɛr hænz ɔn ˈɛnibədi ɛls əˈgɛn. ˈmælkəm ɛks baɪ maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu: ˈmælkəm stʊd æt ðə ˈmaɪkrəˌfoʊn. ˈpərsən ˈəndər ðə saʊnd əv maɪ vɔɪs ɪz ə ˈsoʊlʤər. ju ər ˈiðər ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər jʊr ˈfridəm ər bɪˈtreɪɪŋ ðə faɪt fər ˈfridəm ər ˌɛnˈlɪstɪd ɪn ðə ˈɑrmi tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ˈsəmˌbɑdi freedom.’*.’ ˈmælkəm ɛks ˈroʊzə pɑrks goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ərˈɛst mi fər ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔn ə bəs? ju meɪ du ðət. ˈroʊzə pɑrks aɪ wʊd laɪk tɪ bi noʊn ɛz ə ˈpərsən hu ɪz kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ˈfridəm ənd ɪkˈwɑləti ənd ˈʤəstɪs ənd prɑˈspɛrəti fər ɔl ˈpipəl. ˈroʊzə pɑrks aɪ hæv ˈlərnɪd ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz ðət wɪn maɪnd ɪz meɪd əp, ðɪs dɪˈmɪnɪʃɪz fɪr; noʊɪŋ wət məst bi dən dɪz əˈweɪ wɪθ fɪr. ˈroʊzə pɑrks ðə ˈoʊnli taɪərd aɪ wɑz, wɑz taɪərd əv ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪn. ˈroʊzə pɑrks ju məst ˈnɛvər bi ˈfɪrfəl əˈbaʊt wət ju ər duɪŋ wɪn ɪt ɪz raɪt. ˈroʊzə pɑrks mɪˈʃɛl ˌoʊˈbɑmə goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ðɛr ər stɪl ˈmɛni ˈkɔzɪz wərθ ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪŋ fər, soʊ məʧ ˈhɪstəri jɛt tɪ bi meɪd. mɪˈʃɛl ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈpipəl hu ər ˈtruli strɔŋ lɪft ˈəðərz əp. ˈpipəl hu ər ˈtruli ˈpaʊərfəl brɪŋ ˈəðərz təˈgɛðər. mɪˈʃɛl ˌoʊˈbɑmə maɪ moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈtaɪtəl ɪz stɪl ““mom-in-chief.”*.” maɪ ˈdɔtərz ər stɪl ðə hɑrt əv maɪ hɑrt ənd ðə ˈsɛnər əv maɪ wərld. mɪˈʃɛl ˌoʊˈbɑmə ju meɪk dɪˈsɪʒənz beɪst ɔn fɪr ənd ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv wət maɪt ˈhæpən. mɪˈʃɛl ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ju noʊ, maɪ feɪθ ɪz wən ðət ədˈmɪts səm daʊt. ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ʧeɪnʤ wɪl nɑt kəm ɪf wi weɪt fər səm ˈəðər ˈpərsən, ər ɪf wi weɪt fər səm ˈəðər taɪm. wi ər ðə wənz bɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ fər. wi ər ðə ʧeɪnʤ ðət wi sik. ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ nɑt fil ˈhoʊpləs ɪz tɪ gɪt əp ənd du ˈsəmθɪŋ. weɪt fər gʊd θɪŋz tɪ ˈhæpən tɪ ju. ɪf ju goʊ aʊt ənd meɪk səm gʊd θɪŋz ˈhæpən, ju wɪl fɪl ðə wərld wɪθ hoʊp, ju wɪl fɪl ˈjɔrsɛlf wɪθ hoʊp. ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪf ˈwɔkɪŋ daʊn ðə raɪt pæθ ənd ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ kip ˈwɔkɪŋ, ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli meɪk ˈprɑˌgrɛs. ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə pɑrt 7 kənˈkluʒən goʊ tɪ ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ɪf aɪ kʊd gɪv ju wən θɔt, ɪt wʊd bi tɪ lɪft ˈsəmˌwən əp. lɪft ə ˈstreɪnʤər əp lɪft hər əp. aɪ wʊd æsk ju, ˈməðər ənd ˈfɑðər, ˈbrəðər ənd ˈsɪstər, ˈləvərz, ˈməðər ənd ˈdɔtər, ˈfɑðər ənd sən, lɪft ˈsəmˌwən. ðə ˈvɛri aɪˈdiə əv ˈlɪftɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən əp wɪl lɪft ju, ɛz wɛl. wɪn wɑz ðə læst taɪm ˈɛniˌwən toʊld ju haʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ju ər? ðə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ riʧ fər ðə stɑrz ɪz æmˈbɪʃəs. ðə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ riʧ hɑrts ɪz waɪz.

positive quotes, leadership quotes, martin luther king jr quotes the best maya angelou quotes go to table of contents you can’t really know where you are going until you know where you have been. i’ve learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel. life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the moments that take our breath away. the children to whom we read simple stories may or may not show gratitude, but each boon we give strengthens the pillars of the world. if you don’t like something, change it. if you can’t change it, change your attitude. when you know you are of worth, you don’t have to raise your voice, you don’t have to become rude, you don’t have to become vulgar; you just are. and you are like the sky is, as the air is, the same way water is wet. it doesn’t have to protest. my work is to be honest. my work is to try to think clearly, then have the courage to make sure that what i say is the truth. you can only become truly accomplished at something you love. don’t make money your goal. instead, pursue the things you love doing, and then do them so well that people can’t take their eyes off you. my great blessing is my son, but i have daughters. i have white ones and black ones and fat ones and thin ones and pretty ones and plain. i have gay ones and straight. i have daughters. i have asian ones, i have jewish ones, i have muslim ones. you can’t use up creativity. the more you use, the more you have. click to tweet ask for what you want and be prepared to get it! click to tweet i was told many years ago by my grandmother who raised me: if somebody puts you on a road and you don’t feel comfortable on it and you look ahead and you don’t like the destination and you look behind and you don’t want to return to that place, step off the road. i not only have the right to stand up for myself, but i have the responsibility. i can’t ask somebody else to stand up for me if i won’t stand up for myself. and once you stand up for yourself, you’d be surprised that people say, “can i be of help?”. i love to see a young girl go out and grab the world by the lapels. life’s a bitch. you’ve got to go out and kick ass. success is liking yourself, liking what you do, and liking how you do it. hate, it has caused a lot of problems in the world, but has not solved one yet. (this is one of my favorite maya angelou quote. leave a reply here and let me know what’s yours!) see also: success quotes top 3 maya angelou quotes images go to table of contents do the best you can until you know better. then when you know better, do better. click to tweet you alone are enough. you have nothing to prove to anybody. click to tweet we may encounter many defeats but we must not be defeated. click to tweet part 2. maya angelou quotes that are… inspirational, beautiful and uplifting maya angelou quotes go to table of contents if one is lucky, a solitary fantasy can totally transform one million realities. all men are prepared to accomplish the incredible if their ideals are threatened. one isn’t necessarily born with courage, but one is born with potential. without courage, we cannot practice any other virtue with consistency. we can’t be kind, true, merciful, generous, or honest. i’ve learned that no matter what happens, or how bad it seems today, life does go on, and it will be better tomorrow. i long, as does every human being, to be at home wherever i find myself. it’s very important to know the neighbor next door and the people down the street and the people in another race. you should be angry. you must not be bitter. bitterness is like cancer. it eats upon the host. it doesn’t do anything to the object of its displeasure. so use that anger. you write it. you paint it. you dance it. you march it. you vote it. you do everything about it. you talk it. never stop talking it. someone was hurt before you, wronged before you, hungry before you, frightened before you, beaten before you, humiliated before you, raped before you… yet, someone survived… you can do anything you choose to do. when i forgive other people, i let them go, i free them from my ignorance. and as soon as i do, i feel lighter, brighter and better. look what you’ve already come through! don’t deny it. you’ve already come through some things, which are very painful. if you’ve been alive until you’re 35, you have gone through some pain. it cost you something. and you’ve come through it. so at least look at that. and have a sense to look at yourself and say, “well, wait a minute. i’m stronger than i thought i was. i’m really saddened by the attempts to separate and polarize. this is a time when we have hungry people, people out of work, and people out of spirit. this is a time where we need to uplift, not to separate. on what she feels about the world today: i feel very hopeful, very expectant. i’m looking forward to it. we need to not be in denial about what we’ve done, what we’ve come through. it will help us if we all do that. the idea is to write it so that people hear it and it slides through the brain and goes straight to the heart. my great hope is to laugh as much as i cry; to get my work done and try to love somebody and have the courage to accept the love in return. my wish for you is that you continue. continue to be who and how you are, to astonish a mean world with your acts of kindness. i want all my senses engaged. let me absorb the world’s variety and uniqueness. how important it is for us to recognize and celebrate our heroes and she-roes! if a human being dreams a great dream, dares to love somebody; if a human being dares to be martin king, or mahatma gandhi, or mother theresa, or malcolm x; if a human being dares to be bigger than the condition into which she or he was born – it means so can you. and so you can try to stretch, stretch, stretch yourself so you can internalize, ‘homo sum, humani nil a me alienum puto. i am a human being, nothing human can be alien to me.’ that’s one thing i’m learning. there is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you. click to tweet you may also likeinspirational quotesmotivational quotes love quoteshappiness quoteslife quotes short maya angelou quotes go to table of contents short quotes and one liners for your bio, social status, self-talk, signs, tattoos, facebook, whatsapp, snapchat, tumblr, twitter, pinterest, instagram, etc. your belief and your work will speak for you. life loves the liver of it. all great achievements require time. determine to live life with flair and laughter. be a rainbow in someone else’s cloud. effective action is always unjust. we need much less than we think we need. the honorary duty of a human being is to love. when you learn, teach, when you get, give. everybody is worth everything. achievement brings its own anticlimax. surviving is important. thriving is elegant. more short quotes whining is just unbecoming. i believe that every person is born with talent. the need for change bulldozed a road down the center of my mind. i know why the caged bird sings. the needs of society determine its ethics. if someone shows you who they really are, believe them. nothing will work unless you do. funny maya angelou quotes go to table of contents this is a wonderful day, i have never seen this one before. click to tweet the best candy shop a child can be left alone in, is the library. i’ve learned that you can tell a lot about a person by the way (s)he handles these three things: a rainy day, lost luggage, and tangled christmas tree lights. nature has no mercy at all. nature says, ‘i’m going to snow. if you have on a bikini and no snowshoes, that’s tough. i am going to snow anyway.’ i don’t trust anyone who doesn’t laugh. click to tweet i do not trust people who don’t love themselves and yet tell me, ‘i love you.’ there is an african saying which is: be careful when a naked person offers you a shirt. i never have written every day. when i’m writing a book, i write monday through friday. i always try to take saturday and pretend to have some sanity. my life has been one great big joke, a dance that’s walked a song that’s spoke, i laugh so hard i almost choke when i think about myself. my mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, some humor, and some style. if you have only one smile in you, give it to the people you love. don’t be surly at home, then go out in the street and start grinning ‘good morning’ at total strangers. deep maya angelou quotes (that will make you think) go to table of contents take your time to read those. they are deep. (i personally re-read them a few times!) we are only as blind as we want to be. you can ask forgiveness of others, but in the end the real forgiveness is in one’s own self. nobody can enjoy unless we all enjoy, truly enjoy. grace is like a lake of drinkable water right outside your door. but you stay inside and die of thirst. we are not just flesh and blood. and our hungers are not going to be set aside as just flesh and blood. if you want what you’re saying heard, then take your time and say it so that the listener will actually hear it. you might save somebody’s life. your own, first. listen to yourself and in that quietude you might hear the voice of god. everything in the universe has a rhythm, everything dances. a woman’s heart should be so hidden in god that a man has to seek him just to find her. since time is the one immaterial object which we cannot influence, neither speed up nor slow down, add to nor diminish, it is an imponderably valuable gift. see also: the best deep quotes wise maya angelou quotes (words of wisdom) go to table of contents my mother said i must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of illiteracy. bitterness is like cancer. it eats upon the host. but anger is like fire. it burns it all clean. i’ve learned that you shouldn’t go through life with a catcher’s mitt on both hands; you need to be able to throw something back. i’ve learned that making a “living” is not the same thing as making a “life.” if you are always trying to be normal you will never know how amazing you can be. i like to go back and read poems that i wrote fifty years ago, twenty years ago, and sometimes they surprise me – i didn’t know i knew that then. or maybe i didn’t know it then, and i know more now. i’ve learned that forgiving is one of the greatest gifts that i can give myself. a leader sees greatness in other people. he nor she can be much of a leader if all she sees is herself. seek patience and passion in equal amounts. patience alone will not build the temple. passion alone will destroy its walls. never make someone a priority when all you are to them is an option. i do my best because i’m counting on you counting on me. we delight in the beauty of the butterfly, but rarely admit the changes it has gone through to achieve that beauty. more wisdom quotes part 3. maya angelou quotes about… maya angelou quotes about life go to table of contents i’ve learned that life sometimes gives you a second chance. click to tweet there is a very fine line between loving life and being greedy for it. music was my refuge. i could crawl into the space between the notes and curl my back to loneliness. life loves to be taken by the lapel and told, ‘i’m with you kid. let’s go’. human beings are more alike than unalike. whether in paris, texas, or paris, france, we all want to have good jobs where we are needed and respected and paid just a little more than we deserve. we want healthy children, safe streets, to be loved and have the unmitigated gall to accept love. most people don’t grow up. most people age. they find parking spaces, honor their credit cards, get married, have children, and call that maturity. what that is, is aging. we can be better, we can be wiser, we can be more kind. yes we have to change. we have to grow up and stop acting like 10 years old. yes there is much to do, much to see, much to go into. open your eyes to the beauty around you, open your mind to the wonders of life, open your heart to those who love you, and always be true to yourself. i think a hero is any person really intent on making this a better place for all people. i believe in living a poetic life, an art full life. everything we do from the way we raise our children to the way we welcome our friends is part of a large canvas we are creating. if we live long enough, we may even get over war. i imagine a time when somebody will mention the word war and everyone in the room will start to laugh. and what do you mean war? i encourage courtesy. to accept nothing less than courtesy, and to give nothing less than courtesy. life is pure adventure, and the sooner we realize that, the quicker we will be able to treat life as art. there are those who say that poets should use her and his art to change the world. i’d agree with that, but i think everybody should do that. i think the chef and the baker and the candlestick maker – i think everybody should be hoping to make it a better world. we spend precious hours fearing the inevitable. it would be wise to use that time adoring our families, cherishing our friends and living our lives. to those who have given up on love: i say, “trust life a little bit”. maya angelou quotes about love, self-love, relationships, marriage go to table of contents if you find it in your heart to care for somebody else, you will have succeeded. click to tweet forgiveness is a gift you give yourself. i have found that among its other benefits, giving liberates the soul of the giver. first best is falling in love. second best is being in love. least best is falling out of love. but any of it is better than never having been in love. you can never be great at anything unless you love it. not be in love with it, but love the thing, admire the thing. and it seems that if you love the thing, and you don’t just want to possess it, it will find you. but if you’re in love with the thing, it may run like hell away from you. when we find someone who is brave, fun, intelligent, and loving, we have to thank the universe. it’s very hard for adults to maintain respect and romance so that a love affair can be sustained over years. if i am not good to myself, how can i expect anyone else to be good to me? forgiveness. it’s one of the greatest gifts you can give yourself, to forgive. forgive everybody. you are relieved of carrying that burden of resentment. you really are lighter. you feel lighter. you just drop that. when people see the laughing face, even if they’re jealous of it, their burden is lightened. but do it first for yourself. laugh and dare to try to love somebody, starting with yourself. love recognizes no barriers. it jumps hurdles, leaps fences, penetrates walls to arrive at its destination full of hope. self-pity in its early stages is as snug as a feather mattress. only when it hardens does it become uncomfortable. love is like a virus. it can happen to anybody at any time. i believe that people want the scent of love, more than anything else. and i don’t mean sentimentality, i don’t mean mush. i mean that idea, that human beings are more alike than we are different. it’s hard because people think they have something to lose and the truth is they have everything to gain in trying to love somebody. whatever you want to do, if you want to be great at it, you have to love it and be able to make sacrifices for it. by love i don’t mean indulgence. i do not mean sentimentality. and in this instance, i don’t even mean romance. i mean that condition that allowed humans to dream of god. that condition that allowed the “dumb” to write spirituals and russian songs and irish lilts. that is love, and it’s so much larger than anything i can conceive. have enough courage to trust love one more time and always one more time. if you happen to fall in love with someone in another race, it’s more difficult, because you have to translate yourself. i’m convinced that the negative has power. it lives. and if you allow it to perch in your house, in your mind, in your life, it can take you over. so when the rude or cruel thing is said – the lambasting, the gay bashing, the hate – i say, “take it all out of my house!” those negative words climb into the woodwork and into the furniture, and the next thing you know they’ll be on my skin. if you want to liberate someone, love them. not be in love with them – that’s dangerous. if we lose love and self respect for each other, this is how we finally die. maya angelou quotes about courage, success go to table of contents whining lets the brute know there’s a victim for him in the neighborhood. click to tweet i’ve learned that whenever i decide something with an open heart, i usually make the right decision. you only are free when you realize you belong no place – you belong every place – no place at all. the price is high. the reward is great. i have enough of life in me to make somebody jealous enough to want to knock me down. i have so much courage in me that i have the effrontery, the incredible gall to stand up. that’s it. that’s how you get to know who you are. those who have something to say accept the fact that that’s lonely. one already knows that there will be adversaries. at fifteen life had taught me undeniably that surrender, in its place, was as honorable as resistance, especially if one had no choice. the only way you can be a mark is if you want something for nothing. if you’re greedy, you’re set up. you may not control all the events that happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them. if i’m here, i’ll be trying to be a better human being, a better writer, a better friend and a better beloved. courage, i don’t think anybody is born with courage. i think you may be born with a flair to braggadocio, you know. that’s not courage. we may encounter many defeats, but we must not be defeated. it may even be necessary to encounter the defeat, so that we can know who we are. it is always about the work. in the latter years of your life, your happiness and your self-esteem will be determined by the mountains you surmounted, the valleys you climbed out of, and the life and/or career that you forged for yourself. the quality of strength lined with tenderness is an unbeatable combination, as are intelligence and necessity when unblunted by formal education. courage is the most important of all the virtues, because without courage you can’t practice any other virtue consistently. you can practice any virtue erratically, but nothing consistently without courage. if somebody is really trying to take your head off with a baseball bat – i don’t know how long you’re supposed to stand there and turn the other cheek, so he or she can get a better angle at taking your head off. if i am going to do the most difficult and frightening thing – dying – is it possible that i could do some difficult and impossible things that are good? i think that each of us is so much alike, and yet at the same time we are so different, and i have a feeling that if you encountered difficulty, and i with my age encountered the same difficulty, i would respond one way, and you would respond another. neither would be right or wrong. it’s just that each of us is courageous, and that’s what i encourage, courage, and the courage to see, and the courage to say to oneself what one has seen. don’t be in denial. you have to deal with what you encounter. but you must not be reduced. and so a way not to be reduced is don’t whine! don’t let the incidents which take place in life bring you low. i did get knocked down flat in front of the whole world, and i rose. i didn’t run away – i rose right where i’d been knocked down. and then that’s how you get to know yourself. in order to win, we pay with energy and effort and discipline. if we lose, we pay in disappointment, discontent, and lack of fulfillment. i am not competing with anyone other than myself. i want to be excellent at whatever i do. i believe that the most important single thing, beyond discipline and creativity is daring to dare. see also: introvert quotes, confidence quotes maya angelou quotes about happiness, gratitude, joy go to table of contents i have respect for the past, but i’m a person of the moment. click to tweet be present in all things and thankful for all things. i try to see every day as a celebration. the ache for home lives in all of us, the safe place where we can go as we are and not be questioned. i’m here, and i do my best to be completely centered at the place i’m at, then i go forward to the next place. let gratitude be the pillow upon which you kneel to say your nightly prayer. and let faith be the bridge you build to overcome evil and welcome good. stormy or sunny days, glorious or lonely nights, i maintain an attitude of gratitude. she comprehended the perversity of life, that in the struggle lies the joy. if you must look back, do so forgivingly. if you will look forward, do so prayerfully. but the wisest course would be to be present in the present gratefully. joy is a freedom. it helps a person to find his or her own liberation. the person who is joyous takes responsibility for the time he/she takes up and the space that he/she occupies. you share it! some of you have it … you share it! that is what joy is! when you continue to give it away you will still have so much more of it. happiness is a chance to talk to a friend, to hear good music, to have a good glass of wine. happiness is a chance to be myself and to find people with whom i agree or who i don’t agree but i can learn something. the ship of my life may or may not be sailing on calm and amiable seas. the challenging days of my existence may or may not be bright and promising. stormy or sunny days, glorious or lonely nights, i maintain an attitude of gratitude. if i insist on being pessimistic, there is always tomorrow. today i am blessed. it’s the fire in my eyes, and the flash of my teeth, the swing in my waist, and the joy in my feet. when you wish someone joy, you wish them peace, love, prosperity, happiness… all the good things. every day i awaken i am grateful. my intent is to be totally present in that day. and laugh as much as possible. when we give cheerfully and accept gratefully, everyone is blessed. be present in all things and thankful for all things. maya angelou quotes about friendship go to table of contents a friend may be waiting behind a stranger’s face. the most called-upon prerequisite of a friend is an accessible ear. each one of us has lived through some devastation, some loneliness, some weather superstorm or spiritual superstorm, when we look at each other we must say, i understand. i understand how you feel because i have been there myself. we must support each other and empathize with each other because each of us is more alike than we are unalike. when someone shows you who they are, believe them the first time. people know themselves much better than you do. that’s why it’s important to stop expecting them to be something other than who they are. i’ve learned that every day you should reach out and touch someone. people love a warm hug, or just a friendly pat on the back. a man or woman who sees other people as whole and prepared and accords them respect and the same rights has arranged his or her own allies. perhaps travel cannot prevent bigotry, but by demonstrating that all peoples cry, laugh, eat, worry, and die, it can introduce the idea that if we try and understand each other, we may even become friends. i think the more we know the better we are. i mean not just facts. the more we know about each other, the closer we are to learn something about our selves. i think we ought to give ourselves more time. we should be more patient with ourselves and with each other. more friendship quotes maya angelou quotes about family go to table of contents i’ve learned that regardless of your relationship with your parents, you’ll miss them when they’re gone from your life. the love of the family, the love of one person can heal. it heals the scars left by a larger society. a massive, powerful society. home is a refuge not only from the world, but a refuge from my worries, my troubles, my concerns. i do not believe that the accident of birth makes people sisters and brothers. it makes them siblings. gives them mutuality of parentage. sisterhood and brotherhood are conditions people have to work at. it’s a serious matter. you compromise, you give, you take, you stand firm, and you’re relentless…and it is an investment. sisterhood means if you happen to be in burma and i happen to be in san diego and i’m married to someone who is very jealous and you’re married to somebody who is very possessive, if you call me in the middle of the night, i have to come. the sisters and brothers that you meet give you the materials which your character uses to build itself. it is said that some people are born great, others achieve it, some have it thrust upon them. in truth, the ways in which your character is built have to do with all three of those. those around you, those you choose, and those who choose you. i sustain myself with the love of family. if i have a monument in this world, it is my son. my pride had been starched by a family who assumed unlimited authority in its own affairs. a mother’s love liberates. see also: family quotes maya angelou quotes about mothers, womanhood, feminism go to table of contents i became the kind of parent my mother was to me. most plain girls are virtuous because of the scarcity of opportunity to be otherwise. i have a feeling that i make a very good friend, and i’m a good mother, and a good sister, and a good citizen. i am involved in life itself – all of it. and i have a lot of energy and a lot of nerve. the sadness of the women’s movement is that they don’t allow the necessity of love. see, i don’t personally trust any revolution where love is not allowed. a woman in harmony with her spirit is like a river flowing. she goes where she will without pretense and arrives at her destination prepared to be herself and only herself. courage allows the successful woman to fail – and to learn powerful lessons from the failure – so that in the end, she didn’t fail at all. stepping onto a brand-new path is difficult, but not more difficult than remaining in a situation, which is not nurturing to the whole woman. a wise woman wishes to be no one’s enemy; a wise woman refuses to be anyone’s victim. i am a woman phenomenally, phenomenal woman that is your grandmother, that is your mother, that is your sister, that is you and that is me. my mother had said me, “all right, you’ve been raised, so don’t let anybody else raise you. you know the difference between right and wrong. do right. and remember – you can always come home.” and she continued to liberate me until she died. on her mother: on the night she died, i went to the hospital. i told my mom, “let me tell you about yourself. you deserved a great daughter, and you got one. and you liberated me to be one. so if it’s time for you to go, you may have done everything god brought you here to do. when teachers or people in authority put me down or in one way or another tried to make me feel less than equal to what they thought i should be – my mother was on my side. it was amazing. my mother raised me, and then freed me. my mother is so full of joy and life. i am her child. and that is better than being the child of anyone else in the world. maya angelou quotes about education, children, learning, teaching go to table of contents i’ve learned that i still have a lot to learn. click to tweet i do hope that young men and women will start to think for themselves and start to take responsibility for their own thoughts. we need to remember to teach our children that solitude can be a much-to-be-desired condition. not only is it acceptable to be alone; at times it is positively to be wished for…..in the silence we listen to ourselves. then we ask questions of ourselves. we describe ourselves to ourselves, and in the quietude we may even hear the voice of god. i think we have systematically and critically harmed ourselves and many young people by advising them not to try things. my mother said i must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of illiteracy. that some people, unable to go to school, were more educated and more intelligent than college professors. any book that helps a child to form a habit of reading, to make reading one of his deep and continuing needs, is good for him. each child belongs to all of us and they will bring us a tomorrow in direct relation to the responsibility we have shown to them. if i’m going to a new country, i try to learn something about the language and the culture, so i don’t just go bumbling over things. children’s talent to endure stems from their ignorance of alternatives. the real difficulty is to overcome how you think about yourself. if we don’t have that we never grow, we never learn, and sure as hell we should never teach. people feel guilty. and guilt is stymieing. guilt immobilizes. guilt closes the air ducts and the veins, and makes people ignorant. if a person – any human being – is told often enough, “you are nothing. you are nothing. you account for nothing. you count for nothing. you are less than a human being. i have no visibility of you”, the person finally begins to believe it. there is nothing so pitiful as a young cynic because he has gone from knowing nothing to believing nothing. if the door has been opened and i’ve been invited, or if i’m not invited and i somehow know i’m supposed to go in there, i put myself together and go in, praying all the while. i try to learn something before i go in. i try to show some respect of the place i’m going into. if you’re in love with your children, you’re in their lives all the time. leave them alone. let them grow and make some mistakes. on her mother: she’d talk to me as if i had some sense. more education quotes maya angelou quotes about religion go to table of contents god puts rainbows in the clouds so that each of us – in the dreariest and most dreaded moments – can see a possibility of hope. while i know myself as a creation of god, i am also obligated to realize and remember that everyone else and everything else are also god’s creation. stand up straight and realize who you are, that you tower over your circumstances. you are a child of god. stand up straight. i believe that each of us comes from the creator trailing wisps of glory. so at this wonderful, young age of 65, i don’t know yet what the lord has for me to do. i try to live up to the energy and to the calling, but i wouldn’t dare say i have even scratched the surface yet. the most difficult thing in the world, it seems to me, is to realize that i am a child of god; to keep that in my mind all the time. i’m working at trying to be a christian, and that’s serious business. it’s like trying to be a good jew, a good muslim, a good buddhist, a good shintoist, a good zoroastrian, a good friend, a good lover, a good mother, a good buddy – it’s serious business. see also: buddha quotes, spiritual quotes maya angelou quotes about ‘doing right’, justice, respect, truth go to table of contents while the rest of the world has been improving technology, ghana has been improving the quality of man’s humanity to man. there’s a world of difference between truth and facts. facts can obscure the truth. the truth is very important. no matter how negative it is, it is imperative that you learn the truth, not necessarily the facts. i mean, that, that can come, but facts can stand in front of the truth and almost obscure the truth. it is imperative that students learn the truth of our history. in the 16th century, niccolò machiavelli – in an attempt to get back in the good graces of the powerful – wrote a slim volume called the prince. in that book he showed the powers that be how to control the people. that book is a statement: separate and rule, divide and conquer. that’s five hundred years ago and it still works, because we allow ourselves to be lead around with holes through our noses. we allow our ignorance to prevail upon us and make us think we can survive alone, alone in patches, alone in groups, alone in races, even alone in genders. i believe we are still so innocent. the species are still so innocent that a person who is apt to be murdered believes that the murderer, just before he puts the final wrench on his throat, will have enough compassion to give him one sweet cup of water. i wish that we could look into each other’s faces, in each other’s eyes, and see our own selves. i hope that the children have not been so scarred by their upbringing that they only think fear when they see someone else who looks separate from them. i pray for humility because that comes from inside out. and what humility does for one, is it reminds us that there are people before me. i have already been paid for. and what i need to do is prepare myself so that i can pay for someone else who has yet to come, but who may be here and needs me. this is what i am learning, at 82 years old: the main thing is to be in love with the search for truth. see also: the best respect quotes i believe what i have to say is important, and i believe the people coming to hear me are important, and so the occasion of itself alone has an importance, which forces me to stare down my nerves. i like to speak on matters which matter to human beings, and almost everything matters to human beings. the root cause of all the problems we have in the world today is ignorance of course. but most, polarization. it is better to control oneself, if one can, and not hit back. but on certain occasions, it is imperative to defend oneself. i don’t think it’s fair to ask anybody not to defend herself or himself. prejudice is a burden that confuses the past, threatens the future and renders the present inaccessible. let’s tell the truth to people. when people ask, ‘how are you?’ have the nerve sometimes to answer truthfully. the truth is, right may not be expedient. it may not be profitable, but it will satisfy your soul. my heart is so heavy when i see the reality of the indian reservation and as an american, i know i am, too, responsible. people trying to separate people rather than bring us together… please. you don’t just see it in america. it’s all over the world. maya angelou quotes about history, black history, racism go to table of contents i am overwhelmed by the grace and persistence of my people. don’t hesitate to learn the most painful aspects of our history, understand it. it is imperative that young white men and women study the black american history. it is imperative that blacks and whites study the asian american history. there’s something beautiful about the fact that obama was not just elected, but elected decisively across racial, and socio-economic and cultural groups and that we all celebrated in his win. the country didn’t get that way in a week; we’ve had years and years of getting behind in our economy. so president obama stepped into a hellhole and people wanted him to change it as soon as he came in. but he’s got his adversaries to deal with in the house and senate, so it’s not easy. all of my history as an african-american woman, as a jewish woman, as a muslim woman. i’m bringing everything i ever knew, and all the stories i’ve read – everything good, strong, kind and powerful. i bring it all with me into every situation, and i will not allow my life to be minimized by anybody’s racism or sexism or ageism. history, despite its wrenching pain, cannot be unlived, but if faced with courage, need not be lived again. i would encourage us all, african americans, asians, latinos, whites, native americans to study history. i long for the time when all the human history is taught as one history. i am stronger because you are stronger. i am weaker if you are weak. so we are more alike than we are unlike. i have great respect for the past. the problem i have with haters is that they see my glory, but they don’t know my story. there’s racism and sexism and ageism and all sorts of idiocies. but bad news is not news. we’ve had bad news as a species for a long time. we’ve had slavery and human sacrifice and the holocaust and brutalities of such measure. my people couldn’t have survived slavery without having hope that it would get better. i’m a descendant of someone bought and sold, and brought in 1619 in what was to become the united states. as far as i knew white women were never lonely, except in books. white men adored them, black men desired them and black women worked for them. we are growing up. we are growing up! out of the idiocies – the ignorances of racism and sexism and ageism and all those ignorances. for africa to me… is more than a glamorous fact. it is a historical truth. no man can know where he is going unless he knows exactly where he has been and exactly how he arrived at his present place. we all should know that diversity makes for a rich tapestry, and we must understand that all the threads of the tapestry are equal in value no matter what their color. the fact that the adult american negro female emerges a formidable character is often met with amazement, distaste and even belligerence. it is seldom accepted as an inevitable outcome of the struggle won by survivors, and deserves respect if not ent. we cannot change the past, but we can change our attitude toward it. uproot guilt and plant forgiveness. tear out arrogance and seed humility. exchange love for hate – thereby, making the present comfortable and the future promising. it is time for parents to teach young people early on that in diversity there is beauty and there is strength. more history quotes part 4. maya angelou poems go to table of contents alone, all alone. nobody, but nobody. can make it out here alone. i couldn’t tell fact from fiction, or if the dream was true. my only sure prediction in this world was you. i’d touch your features inchly. beard love and dared the cost. the sented spiel reeled me unreal and i found my senses lost. we need joy as we need air. we need love as we need water. we need each other as we need the earth we share. when my bones are stiff and aching, and my feet won’t climb the stair, i will only ask one favor: don’t bring me no rocking chair. when you see me walking, stumbling, don’t study and get it wrong. ‘cause tired don’t mean lazy and every goodbye ain’t gone. i’m the same person i was back then, a little less hair, a little less chin, a lot less lungs and much less wind. but ain’t i lucky i can still breathe in. just do right. right may not be expedient, it may not be profitable, but it will satisfy your soul. it brings you the kind of protection that bodyguards can’t give you. so try to live your life in a way that you will not regret years of useless virtue and inertia and timidity. take up the battle. take it up. it’s yours. this is your life. this is your world. out of the huts of history’s shame, i rise. up from a past that’s rooted in pain, i rise. i’m a black ocean, leaping and wide. welling and swelling i bear in the tide. leaving behind nights of terror and fear, i rise. into a daybreak that’s wondrously clear, i rise. bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave, i am the dream and the hope of the slave. i rise, i rise, i rise. if one has courage, nothing can dim the light which shines from within. i am a woman. phenomenally. phenomenal woman, that’s me. part 5. quotes from maya angelou books go to table of contents i know why the caged bird sings hoping for the best, prepared for the worst, and unsurprised by anything in between. life is going to give you just what you put in it. put your whole heart in everything you do, and pray, then you can wait. words mean more than what is set down on paper. it takes the human voice to infuse them with deeper meaning. amazon link for the book mom & me & mom my mother’s gifts of courage to me were both large and small. the latter are woven so subtly into the fabric of my psyche that i can hardly distinguish where she stops and i begin. i will look after you and i will look after anybody you say needs to be looked after, any way you say. i am here. i brought my whole self to you. i am your mother. i want you to learn that you cannot have anything without working for it. don’t do anything that you think is wrong. just do what you think is right, and then be ready to back it up even with your life. amazon link for the book the complete collected poems of maya angelou we are more alike, my friends, than we are unalike. the caged bird sings with a fearful trill of things unknown but longed for still and his tune is heard on the distant hill for the caged bird sings of freedom. a bird that stalks down his narrow cage can seldom see through his bars of rage his wings are clipped and his feet are tied so he opens his throat to sing. a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream his wings are clipped and his feet are tied so he opens his throat to sing. amazon link for the book and still i rise: a book of poems you may shoot me with your words, you may cut me with your eyes, you may kill me with your hatefulness, but still, like air, i’ll rise! had i known that the heart breaks slowly, dismantling itself into unrecognizable plots of misery… had i known yet i would have loved you, your brash and insolent beauty, your heavy comedic face and knowledge of sweet delights, but from a distance i would have left you whole and wholly for the delectation of those who wanted more and cared less. you may write me down in history with your bitter, twisted lies. you may trod me in the very dirt, but still like dust, i’ll rise. amazon link for the book the heart of a woman you can’t get too high for somebody to bring you down. i had to trust life, since i was young enough to believe that life loved the person who dared to live it. “can i do it? i’d rather not try and fail”. that’s stupid talk maya. every try will not succeed. but if you’re going to live, live at all, your business is trying…you fail, you get up and try again.” amazon link for the book phenomenal woman: four poems celebrating women pretty women wonder where my secret lies. i’m not cute or built to suit a fashion model’s size. but when i start to tell them, they think i’m telling lies. i say, it’s in the reach of my arms the span of my hips, the stride of my step, the curl of my lips. i’m a woman. phenomenally. phenomenal woman, that’s me. men themselves have wondered what they see in me. they try so much but they can’t touch my inner mystery. when i try to show them they say they still can’t see. i say, it’s in the arch of my back, the sun of my smile, the ride of my breasts, the grace of my style. i’m a woman. phenomenally. phenomenal woman, that’s me. now you understand just why my head’s not bowed. i don’t shout or jump about or have to talk real loud. when you see me passing it ought to make you proud. i say, it’s in the click of my heels, the bend of my hair, the palm of my hand, the need of my care, ’cause i’m a woman. phenomenally. phenomenal woman, that’s me. i know that i’m not the easiest person to live with. the challenge i put on myself is so great that the person i live with feels himself challenged. i bring a lot to bear, and i don’t know how not to. amazon link for the link letters to my daughter i can be changed by what happens to me, but i refuse to be reduced by it. i believe that one can never leave home. i believe that one carries the shadows, the dreams, the fears and the dragons of home under one’s skin, at the extreme corners of one’s eyes and possibly in the gristle of the earlobe. make every effort to change things you do not like. if you cannot make a change, change the way you have been thinking. you might find a new solution. all great artists draw from the same resource: the human heart, which tells us all that we are more alike than we are unalike. one person, with good purpose, can, constitute the majority. amazon link for the book part 6. more inspiring authors like maya angelou guy johnson (maya angelou’s son) go to table of contents i grew up in her light. sometimes i wasn’t worthy of it, but it has always been an experience that expanded me. guy johnson she thinks that the divine hand is in all things. she has faith that’s like a rock – you can stand on it. she speaks to our humanity and she reminds us that we are both brother and sister to the rest of the human race. guy johnson keep on speaking, ma. we need the lessons, the beautiful poems, books, movies, dances, celebrations and love. guy johnson on her mother’s mission: it had to do with teaching people that we have to give respect to each other and respect this planet… that we are more alike than we are unalike… and that racism is a foolish and divisive construct. guy johnson i think the only reason she stuck around this long is that she felt she was on a divine mission. guy johnson she was a warrior for calm, understanding, peace, and love. guy johnson oprah winfrey go to table of contents doing the best at this moment puts you in the best place for the next moment. oprah winfrey the biggest adventure you can take is to live the life of your dreams. oprah winfrey where there is no struggle, there is no strength. oprah winfrey click to tweet alice walker go to table of contents expect nothing. live frugally on surprise. alice walker in nature, nothing is perfect and everything is perfect. trees can be contorted, bent in weird ways, and they’re still beautiful. alice walker in search of my mother’s garden, i found my own. alice walker emily dickinson go to table of contents tell the truth, but tell it slant. emily dickinson saying nothing sometimes says the most. emily dickinson hope is the thing with feathers that perches in the soul and sings the tune without the words and never stops at all. emily dickinson toni morrison go to table of contents love is or it ain’t. thin love ain’t love at all. toni morrison freeing yourself was one thing, claiming ownership of that freed self was another. toni morrison you wanna fly, you got to give up the shit that weighs you down. toni morrison james baldwin go to table of contents people are trapped in history and history is trapped in them. james baldwin love does not begin and end the way we seem to think it does. love is a battle, love is a war; love is a growing up. james baldwin american history is longer, larger, more various, more beautiful, and more terrible than anything anyone has ever said about it. james baldwin nelson mandela go to table of contents the greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. nelson mandela when a man is denied the right to live the life he believes in, he has no choice but to become an outlaw. nelson mandela resentment is like drinking poison and then hoping it will kill your enemies. nelson mandela martin luther king jr. go to table of contents injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. martin luther king jr darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that. martin luther king jr i have decided to stick to love…hate is too great a burden to bear. martin luther king jr our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter. martin luther king jr only in the darkness can you see the stars. martin luther king jr by maya angelou: martin luther king was a human being with a brilliant mind, a powerful heart, and insight, and courage and also with a sense of humor. so he was accessible. martin luther king jr. malcolm x go to table of contents if you’re not ready to die for it, put the word ‘freedom’ out of your vocabulary. malcolm x click to tweet education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today. malcolm x i’m for truth, no matter who tells it. i’m for justice, no matter who it is for or against. i’m a human being, first and foremost, and as such i’m for whoever and whatever benefits humanity as a whole. malcolm x there is no better than adversity. every defeat, every heartbreak, every loss, contains its own seed, its own lesson on how to improve your performance the next time. malcolm x if someone puts their hands on you make sure they never put their hands on anybody else again. malcolm x by maya angelou: malcolm stood at the microphone. ‘every person under the sound of my voice is a soldier. you are either fighting for your freedom or betraying the fight for freedom or enlisted in the army to deny somebody else’s freedom.’ malcolm x rosa parks go to table of contents arrest me for sitting on a bus? you may do that. rosa parks i would like to be known as a person who is concerned about freedom and equality and justice and prosperity for all people. rosa parks i have learned over the years that when one’s mind is made up, this diminishes fear; knowing what must be done does away with fear. rosa parks the only tired i was, was tired of giving in. rosa parks you must never be fearful about what you are doing when it is right. rosa parks michelle obama go to table of contents there are still many causes worth sacrificing for, so much history yet to be made. michelle obama people who are truly strong lift others up. people who are truly powerful bring others together. michelle obama my most important title is still “mom-in-chief.” my daughters are still the heart of my heart and the center of my world. michelle obama you can’t make decisions based on fear and the possibility of what might happen. michelle obama barack obama go to table of contents you know, my faith is one that admits some doubt. barack obama change will not come if we wait for some other person, or if we wait for some other time. we are the ones we’ve been waiting for. we are the change that we seek. barack obama the best way to not feel hopeless is to get up and do something. don’t wait for good things to happen to you. if you go out and make some good things happen, you will fill the world with hope, you will fill yourself with hope. barack obama if you’re walking down the right path and you’re willing to keep walking, eventually you’ll make progress. barack obama part 7. conclusion go to table of contents if i could give you one thought, it would be to lift someone up. lift a stranger up – lift her up. i would ask you, mother and father, brother and sister, lovers, mother and daughter, father and son, lift someone. the very idea of lifting someone up will lift you, as well. when was the last time anyone told you how important you are? the desire to reach for the stars is ambitious. the desire to reach hearts is wise.

ə nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈwʊmən ənd ˈhoʊstəs stændz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ˈkəstəmərz ɪn dandong*, ˈʧaɪnəz ˈlɑrʤəst ˈbɔrdər ˈsɪti wɪθ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə. nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈwərkərz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə kip ə kloʊz wɔʧ ɔn iʧ ˈəðər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrt. faɪl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ ˈstivən ˈlaɪsəns ˈfoʊˌtoʊ soʊl, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 7 (upi*) nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə kips sərˈveɪləns əv ɪts fɔrst ˈleɪbərərz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə θru ə ˈtaɪtli ˈmɑnətərd ˈnɛtˌwərk, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrt. ə sɔrs ɔn nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ɪn ˈʧaɪnə toʊld ˈreɪdiˌoʊ fri ˈeɪʒə sərˈveɪləns həz bɪn "ɛnˈhænst" ənd ðə ˈsɪstəm kənˈsɪsts əv nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈwərkərz ˈmɑnətərɪŋ iʧ ˈəðər. ɪn grups əv faɪv, nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈwərkərz mˈjuʧuəli wɔʧ iʧ ˈəðərz ˈmuvmənts. ðə ˈwərkər hɛld riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ ðə ˈmænɪʤmənt əv ðə grup ɪz kɔld "ʧif," ənd tu "əˈsɪstənt ˈmænɪʤərz" rɪˈpɔrt tɪ ɪm ər hər, ðə sɔrs ˈædɪd. iʧ grups sərˈveɪləns ˈdutiz ˈkrɪˌskrɔs ˈɪntu ˈəðər grups. grup ʧifs ˈmɑnətər iʧ ˈəðər, ənd ðeɪ ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ðə ˈəðər grups wəns ə deɪ, ər wəns ˈɛvəri tu deɪz. əˈnəðər sɔrs toʊld ðə "mˈjuʧuəl ˈmɑnətərɪŋ kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən" ɪz ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðoʊz ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə. iʧ wərk ˈjunɪt ʧif noʊz hu ɪz ðə ˈtərgət əv ðɛr sərˈveɪləns, bət dɪz nɑt noʊ hu ɪz ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðɛm, ðə sɔrs sɛd. sərˈveɪləns həz ˌɪnˈkrist sɪns 13 nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈwərkərz flɛd ə loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪn ˈʧaɪnə ɪn ˈeɪprəl, ənd əˈnəðər smɔl grup əv nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈweɪtrəsɪz flɛd ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ɪn meɪ. nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈwərkərz ər ˈəndər ˈhɛvi ˈprɛʃər frəm ðə kɪm ʤɔŋ ˈjuˈɛn rəˈʒim tɪ fɪl ˈɪnˌkəm kˈwoʊtəz. ɪf ˈrɛˌstrɑnts du nɑt ərn ɪˈnəf ˈɪnˌkəm, nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈeɪʤənts kəm tɪ wɔrn ðə ˈwərkərz ənd ðeɪ ˈkænɑt əˈvɔɪd ˈpɛnəltiz wəns ðeɪ ər riˈpeɪtriˌeɪtɪd tɪ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ saʊθ ˌkɔˈriən prɛs rɪˈpɔrts. ˈəðər ˈwərkərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ fɔrst ˈleɪbərərz æt kənˈstrəkʃən saɪts, feɪs ˈdeɪnʤərəs kənˈdɪʃənz ənd rɪˈsiv ˈlɪtəl tɪ noʊ peɪ. nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈlidər kɪm ʤɔŋ ˈjuˈɛn ɪz ˈəndər ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd juz. ˈsæŋkʃənz fər ˈjumən raɪts əˈbjuzɪz.

a north korean woman and hostess stands outside a north korean restaurant waiting for customers in dandong, china's largest border city with north korea. north korean workers in china keep a close watch on each other, according to a report. file photo by stephen shaver/upi | license photo seoul, july 7 (upi) -- north korea keeps surveillance of its forced laborers in china through a tightly monitored network, according to a report. a source on north korea in china told radio free asia surveillance has been "enhanced" and the system consists of north korean workers monitoring each other. in groups of five, north korean workers mutually watch each other's movements. the worker held responsible for overseeing the management of the group is called "chief," and two "assistant managers" report to him or her, the source added. each group's surveillance duties crisscross into other groups. group chiefs monitor each other, and they are expected to report on the other groups once a day, or once every two days. another source told rfa the "mutual monitoring configuration" is similar to those operating in north korea. each work unit chief knows who is the target of their surveillance, but does not know who is watching them, the source said. surveillance has increased since 13 north korean restaurant workers fled a location in china in april, and another small group of north korean waitresses fled a state-run restaurant in may. north korean overseas workers are under heavy pressure from the kim jong un regime to fill income quotas. if restaurants do not earn enough income, north korean security agents come to warn the workers and they cannot avoid penalties once they are repatriated to north korea, according to south korean press reports. other workers, including forced laborers at construction sites, face dangerous conditions and receive little to no pay. north korean leader kim jong un is under unprecedented u.s. sanctions for human rights abuses.

ɪn ə stənt soʊ prɪˈpɑstərəs ɪt kʊd ˈoʊnli hæv bɪn drimd əp baɪ ə ˈhɑrvərd mæn, ðə jeɪl kləb əv nu jɔrk ˈsɪti əˈnaʊnst ˈərliər ðɪs ˈsəmər ɪt wʊd ˈpərˌmɪt ˈmɛmbərz tɪ wɛr ðə rəf twɪl ˈfæbrɪk əv ɪn səˈlɛkt ˈɛriəz əv ðə ˈkləˌbhaʊs æt ˈsərtən taɪmz. jeɪl, wɪʧ, noʊ əˈfɛns, ɪz ˈlɪtərəli ə skul ðət ˈoʊnli ˈɔfərz naɪt ˈklæsɪz, ɪz ˈfrikwɛntli ræŋkt əˈməŋ ðə tɔp ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri du tɪ ə ˈklɛrɪkəl ˈɛrər. æt wən taɪm ɪt sərvd ɛz ə ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ skul fər əˈmɛrɪkəz ɪˈlit. ɪn ˈrisənt ˈdɛkeɪdz ɪt həz ˈfɑlən ˈɪntu ˈfeɪvər wɪθ ðə kaɪnd əv ˈpipəl hu wʊd bi sin ɪn ˈdɛnəm ɔn ðə ˈsæbəθ. ˈpriviəsli, ðə jeɪl kləb əbˈzərvd ə bæn ɔn ˈdɛnəm ɪn ɔl ˈɛriəz wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv æθˈlɛtɪk ənd gɛst rum flɔrz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈrisəntli wɪθ ˈkæləst hænz ənd ˈbækˈwʊdz ˈmænərz hæd ˈbeɪgən ˈgrəntɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɛr dɪˈzaɪər tɪ wɛr təkˈsiˌdoʊz əv ðə kəˈneɪdiən vərˈaɪəti. tɪ hæv ˈrɛsəlɪŋ ˈmæʧɪz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə kləbz faɪn ˈdaɪnɪŋ rum. tɪ tərn ˈkɑkˌteɪl aʊər ˈɪntu səm kaɪnd əv fit hootenanny*. əˈkɔrdɪŋli, ðə lɔrd əv ðə kləb, ˈmɪstər. jeɪl hɪmˈsɛlf, riˈlist ə ˈsərˌveɪ tɪ ˈmɛmbərz əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ geɪʤ haʊ fɑr ðeɪ wər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ dəˈbeɪs ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ðə rɪˈzəlts wər ˈfəkɪŋ. ˈhɔrəˌfaɪɪŋ. ˈoʊvər hæf ðə rɪˈspɑndənts ˌriˈpɔrtəd ə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ wɛr ʤinz ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli bɪˈkini tɑps ənd ˈbɛˌdrum sˈlɪpərz ðət lʊk laɪk ˈkʊʃi ˈoʊvərˌsaɪzd sˈnikərz ɔl ðə taɪm, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪn bɛd ənd ɪn ðə ʃaʊər. ˈminˌwaɪl, ə mɪr 40 pərˈsɛnt əv rɪˈspɑndənts fɛlt ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈligəl tɪ ʃut ənd kɪl ə ˈpərsən ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈdɛnəm ɔn saɪt. əv ðoʊz hu rɪˈspɑndɪd, 60 ˈfeɪvərd ə mɔr rɪˈlækst [drɛs] ˈpɑləsi ənd 40 wɪʃt fər ˈgreɪtər ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əv ðə ˈstætəs kwoʊ. ðɪs ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd məʧ ˈpæʃən ənd daɪˈvərʤɪŋ əˈpɪnjən əˈməŋst ˈmɛmbərz, ənd ðə kləb həz wərkt ˈkɛrfəli tɪ kræft ə ˈpɑləsi ðət ɪz rɪˈspɛktfəl əv ɔl pɔɪnts əv view...accordingly*, wi wɪl naʊ əˈlaʊ ˈdɛnəm nit, klin ənd ɪn gʊd rɪˈpɛr [ˈɛmfəsɪs ɪn ərˈɪʤənəl] tɪ bi wɔrn ɔn ðə rʊf ðɪs ˈsəmər, ɔn ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri flɔr æt ɔl taɪmz, ənd ɪn ðə grɪl rum ɔn ˈwiˌkɛndz. ˈθæŋkfəli, ðə ˈɛriəz əv ðə kləb wɪl rɪˈmeɪn business-casual*. ðə jeɪl kləb ˈwɛbˌsaɪt noʊts ðət æθˈlɛtɪk wɛr ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ "ˈrəgbi ʃərts," "stərəp pænts," ənd, prɪˈzuməbli, ˈfɛnsɪŋ ˈnɪkərz, ɪz stɪl bænd. jeɪl kləb mæks ˈɪmɪʤ ˈviə ˈgɛti]

in a stunt so preposterous it could only have been dreamed up by a harvard man, the yale club of new york city announced earlier this summer it would permit members to wear the rough twill fabric of nîmes in select areas of the clubhouse at certain times. yale, which, no offense, is literally a third-rate vocational-technical school that only offers night classes, is frequently ranked among the top universities in the country due to a long-standing clerical error. at one time it served as a finishing school for america's elite. in recent decades it has fallen into favor with the kind of people who would be seen in denim out-of-doors on the sabbath. previously, the yale club observed a ban on denim in all areas with the exception of athletic and guest room floors. however, recently plain-faced yalies with calloused hands and backwoods manners had begun grunting about their desire to wear tuxedos of the canadian variety. to have shirtless wrestling matches in the middle of the club's fine dining room. to turn cocktail hour into some kind of stockinged feet hootenanny. accordingly, the lord of the club, mr. yale himself, released a survey to members attempting to gauge how far they were willing to debase themselves. the results were fucking. horrifying. over half the respondents reported a desire to wear jeans and probably bikini tops and bedroom slippers that look like cushy oversized sneakers all the time, including in bed and in the shower. meanwhile, a mere 40 percent of respondents felt it should be legal to shoot and kill a person wearing denim on sight. of those who responded, 60% favored a more relaxed [dress] policy and 40% wished for greater enforcement of the status quo. this subject generated much passion and diverging opinion amongst members, and the club has worked carefully to craft a policy that is respectful of all points of view...accordingly, we will now allow denim – neat, clean and in good repair [emphasis in original] – to be worn on the roof this summer, on the library floor at all times, and in the grill room on weekends. thankfully, the non-brothel areas of the club will remain business-casual. the yale club website notes that athletic wear including "rugby shirts," "stirrup pants," and, presumably, fencing knickers, is still banned. [ yale club nyc h/t max // image via getty]

prəˈvaɪdɪŋ rɪˈlif tɪ ˈsɪtɪzənz ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈbɪznɪs ˈoʊnərz, ðə rɪˈzərv bæŋk əv ˈɪndiə (rbi*), ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ du əˈweɪ wɪθ kæʃ wɪθˈdrɔəl ˈlɪmɪts pleɪst ɔn ˈkɑrənt əˈkaʊnts, ˈoʊvərˌdræft əˈkaʊnts ənd kæʃ ˈkrɛdɪt əˈkaʊnts wɪθ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈifɛkt. ðə ˈsɛntrəl bæŋk sɛd ðə dɪˈsɪʒən wɑz ˈteɪkən poʊst ə ˌrivˈju əv ðə əv remonetisation”*”. wɪθˈdrɔəl riˈstrɪkʃənz hæd bɪn pʊt ɪn pleɪs ˈæftər ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ 500 ənd 1000 noʊts frəm ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 8 sɪns ðɛn, ɛz nu noʊts hæv ˌriˈpleɪst ðə skræpt ˈkərənsi, wɪθˈdrɔəl riˈstrɪkʃənz hæv bɪn sˈloʊli izd. ənˈtɪl təˈdeɪ, ðə ˈlɪmət fər wɪθˈdrɔəlz frəm ˈkɑrənt əˈkaʊnts wɑz sɛt æt 1 pər wik. ˈlɪmɪts ɔn ˈseɪvɪŋz əˈkaʊnt rɪˈmeɪn; frid əp ðə ˈlɪmɪts ɔn wɪθˈdrɔəlz frəm ˈseɪvɪŋz əˈkaʊnts, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hæv bɪn kɛpt ɪn pleɪs fər ˈlɪmɪts ɔn ˈseɪvɪŋz bæŋk əˈkaʊnts wɪl kənˈtɪnju fər ðə ˈprɛzənt ənd ər ˈəndər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən fər wɪθˈdrɔəl ɪn ðə nɪr future,”*,” ðə sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. ˈkərəntli, ˈseɪvɪŋz əˈkaʊnt hæv ə wɪθˈdrɔəl ˈlɪmət əv pər wik pər əˈkaʊnt. ðɪs ˈlɪmət ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kɪk ɪn wɪn ˈkəstəmərz traɪ tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ kæʃ frəm ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 1 ɪn ðə keɪs əv ˈeɪˌtiˈɛm wɪθˈdrɔəlz, ðə həz ˈlɪftɪd ðə riˈstrɪkʃən əv wɪθˈdrɔəlz ˈoʊnli pər deɪ pər kɑrd. ðɪs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ˌsəpləˌmɛntɪd baɪ ə ˈkeɪviˌæt ðət bæŋks ʃæl rɪˈmeɪn fri tɪ pleɪs ðɛr oʊn ˈlɪmɪts dɪˈpɛndɪŋ əˈpɑn ðə kæʃ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən.

providing relief to citizens as well as business owners, the reserve bank of india (rbi), on monday, decided to do away with cash withdrawal limits placed on current accounts, overdraft accounts and cash credit accounts with immediate effect. the central bank said the decision was taken post a review of the “pace of remonetisation”. withdrawal restrictions had been put in place after the government’s decision to withdraw rs 500 and rs 1000 notes from circulation on november 8. since then, as new notes have replaced the scrapped currency, withdrawal restrictions have been slowly eased. until today, the limit for withdrawals from current accounts was set at rs 1 lakh per week. limits on savings account remain; atms freed up the limits on withdrawals from savings accounts, however, have been kept in place for now.“the limits on savings bank accounts will continue for the present and are under consideration for withdrawal in the near future,” the rbi said in a statement. currently, savings account have a withdrawal limit of rs 24,000 per week per account. this limit is likely to also kick in when customers try to withdraw cash from the atms starting feb 1. in the case of atm withdrawals, the rbi has lifted the restriction of withdrawals only upto rs 10,000 per day per card. this, however, is supplemented by a caveat that banks shall remain free to place their own limits depending upon the cash situation.

here’s* əˈnəðər wən frəm ðə foʊks æt ˈrɛkərd ˈʧaɪnə nuz ɪn ʤəˈpæn θæŋk ju! maɪ sən ɪz ə ˈrɪli bɪg fæn əv. gɑt ˈɛvəri neɪm, wət ðeɪ ɪˈvɑlv ˈɪntu ənd ɔl lɔr stəft ɪn ðət breɪn əv hɪz! ɪf ˈɛni əv ju ˈrɛdɪŋ hæv kɪdz ðət laɪk, ju noʊ əv wət aɪ spik. wɛl, ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪt səm ˈnudəlz fər ɪm ənd ðɪs ɪz ðə fərst! aɪ noʊ ðɛr ər mɔr aʊt ðɛr ənd ˈhoʊpfəli faɪnd ðɛm ˈsunər ər ˈleɪtər! ʧɛk ɪt aʊt! ðə lɪd (klɪk ˈɪmɪʤ tɪ ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ) noʊt ðə ˈlɪtəl ənd! ðə saɪd ˈpænəlz (klɪk tɪ ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ). ə ˈlɪtəl ˈboʊnəs? ə ˈlɪtəl ˈtreɪdɪŋ pis! ˈændi həz ˌɪnˈfɔrmd mi ðət ðə ɔn ðə frənt ɪz kɔld glaceon*, ðə snow’*’. ən aɪs taɪp ənd ɪˈvɑlvz frəm. frəm ðə ˈriʤən, bət ɪz frəm ˈriʤən. ðə ˈnudəl blɑk. ɔl ðə ˈsizənɪŋ ənd ˈsɑləd ˌɪnˈgridiənts frəm ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə kəp. ˈprɪti ræd! ðə hɪmˈsɛlf! ˈɔlsoʊ gɑt ə nit ˈlɪtəl boʊl frəm ðə ˈrɛkərd ˈʧaɪnə foʊks sˈmɔlər ðən ɪkˈspɛktɪd bət ˈdɛfənətli fən! ˈfɪnɪʃt (klɪk ˈɪmɪʤ tɪ ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ). ˌənəˈdəltərˌeɪtɪd. ðə ˈnudəlz ər ˈprɪti ˈdisənt ˈæˌkʧuəli θɪn, ˈnudəlz ɪn ə kəp fɛr ðət hæd bɪn pre-seasoned*. nɑt tɔp əv ðə laɪn bət fɑr frəm ˈbɑtəm əv ðə ˈbɛrəl. ðə brɔθ ɪz nis sɔɪ sɔs ˈfleɪvər wɪθ nis ˈraʊndɪd ˈfleɪvər. ðə kɔrn ənd grin ˌɔˈlraɪt ənd ðə? wɛl, ə ˈlɪtəl ɔn ðə ˈrəbəri saɪd, bət haʊ ɪz ˈɑnəstli. aɪ wʊd seɪ ɔn ðə ˈbɛtər ðən moʊst saɪd əv dɪˈhaɪdreɪtəd. aʊt əv stɑrz. bɑr koʊd 4901734016458 gɑt ˈændi wən əv ðiz ənd bɪn pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ðɛm fər ə lɔŋ taɪm. ə ˈrɪli gʊd dil ˈivɪn ɪf ðɛr ər ˈdjupləˌkeɪts, sɪns ðə kɑrdz æt ðə stɔr ər ˈprɪti ɪkˈspɛnsɪv. ɪt ˈsædənz mi ðət ðeɪ pʊt ðət ˈkræˌpi ˈbəbəl gəm wi juzd tɪ gɪt ɪn ˈbeɪsˈbɔl kɑrdz anymore.[/amazonproducts*] ə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən spɑt fər əˈnəðər ˈnudəl kəp!

here’s another one from the folks at record china news in japan – thank you! my son is a really big fan of pokemon. he’s got every one’s name, what they evolve into and all pokemon lore stuffed in that pokedex brain of his! if any of you reading have kids that like pokemon, you know of what i speak. well, i’ve wanted to get some pokemon noodles for him and this is the first! i know there are more out there and hopefully i’ll find them sooner or later! let’s check it out! here’s the lid (click image to enlarge) – note the little pikachu and tepig kamaboko! the side panels (click to enlarge). a little bonus? a little trading piece! andy has informed me that the pokemon on the front is called glaceon, the ‘fresh snow’ pokemon. it’s an ice type and evolves from eevee. it’s from the sinnoh region, but eevee is from kanto region. the noodle block. here’s all the seasoning and solid ingredients from the bottom of the cup. pretty rad kamaboko! here’s the pokemaniac himself! also got a neat little pokemon bowl from the record china folks – it’s smaller than expected but it’s definitely fun! finished (click image to enlarge). unadulterated. the noodles are pretty decent actually – thin, noodles in a cup fare that had been pre-seasoned. not top of the line but far from bottom of the barrel. the broth is nice – soy sauce flavor with nice rounded flavor. the corn and green onion’s alright and the kamaboko? well, it’s a little on the rubbery side, but that’s how kamaboko is honestly. i would say they’re on the better than most side of dehydrated kamaboko. 3.5 out of 5.0 stars. upc bar code 4901734016458. [amazonproducts asin=”b000wd3xbi”]we got andy one of these and he’s been playing with them for a long time. it’s a really good deal even if there are duplicates, since the cards at the store are pretty expensive. it saddens me that they don’t put that crappy bubble gum we used to get in baseball cards anymore.[/amazonproducts] a tv spot for another pokemon noodle cup!

leamington*, meɪ 9 2017 nɑt fər ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən tɪ juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈnuzˌwaɪr ˈsərvɪsɪz ər dɪˌsɛməˈneɪʃən ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪŋk. ("aphria*" ər ðə "ˈkəmpəˌni") (tsx:aph)(otcqb:aphqf*) ɪz plizd tɪ əˈnaʊns ɪt həz kloʊzd ɪts ʃɔrt fɔrm prəˈspɛktəs ˈɔfərɪŋ, ɔn ə bɔt dil ˈbeɪsɪs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪn fʊl əv ðə ˈəndərˌraɪtərz' ˈɔpʃən. ə ˈtoʊtəl əv ˈkɑmən ʃɛrz (ðə "ʃɛrz") əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wər soʊld æt ə praɪs əv pər ʃɛr, fər ˈægrəgət groʊs prəˈsidz əv (ðə "ˈɔfərɪŋ"). ðə ˈɔfərɪŋ wɑz ˈəndərˌrɪtən baɪ ə ˈsɪndɪkət əv ˈəndərˌraɪtərz lɛd baɪ sɪˈkjʊrətiz ɪŋk. ənd ˌɪnˈkludɪd sɪˈkjʊrətiz ɪŋk., ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən., ənd paɪ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən (kəˈlɛktɪvli, ðə "ˈəndərˌraɪtərz"). 50 əv ðə nɛt prəˈsidz frəm ðə ˈɔfərɪŋ wɪl bi ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈkərəntli ənˈfəndɪd ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈplænɪŋ, dɪˈzaɪn, dɪˈvɛləpmənt, kənˈstrəkʃən ənd ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈpərʧəs əv ˈsərtən ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd ˈkæpɪtəl ɪkˈwɪpmənt) əv ðə ˈkəmpəniz' pɑrt ɪkˈspænʧən. 10 əv ðə nɛt prəˈsidz frəm ðə ˈɔfərɪŋ wɪl bi ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈwərkɪŋ ˈkæpɪtəl ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wəns pɑrt ɪkˈspænʧən ɪz kəmˈplit ənd ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ 40 wɪl bi ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd təˈwɔrdz strəˈtiʤɪk ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts. ənˈtɪl spɛnt baɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni, ə ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə nɛt prəˈsidz əv ðə ˈɔfərɪŋ wɪl bi hɛld ɛz kæʃ ˈbælənsɪz ɪn ðə ˈkəmpəniz bæŋk əˈkaʊnt ənd ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈpɔrʃən wɪl bi ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd æt ðə dɪˈskrɛʃən əv ðə ˈkəmpəniz bɔrd əv dɪˈrɛktərz. ðə ʃɛrz wər ˈɔfərd fər seɪl ɪn iʧ əv ðə ˈprɑvənsəz əv ˈkænədə, ˈəðər ðən ðə ˈprɑvɪns əv kwəˈbɛk, baɪ ʃɔrt fɔrm prəˈspɛktəs, ənd ɪn ðoʊz ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃənz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈkænədə ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɪʧ wər əˈgrid tɪ baɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ənd ðə ˈəndərˌraɪtərz, wɛr ðə ʃɛrz wər ˈɪʃud ɔn ə ˈpraɪvət ˈpleɪsmənt ˈbeɪsɪs, ɪgˈzɛmpt frəm ˈɛni prəˈspɛktəs, ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ər ˈəðər ˈsɪmələr rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ðɪs nuz riˈlis dɪz nɑt ˈkɑnstəˌtut ən ˈɔfər tɪ sɛl ər ə səˌlɪsɪˈteɪʃən əv ən ˈɔfər tɪ baɪ ˈɛni əv ðə sɪˈkjʊrətiz əv ɪŋk. ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, nɔr ʃæl ðɛr bi ˈɛni seɪl əv ðə sɪˈkjʊrətiz ɪn ˈɛni ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən ɪn wɪʧ səʧ ˈɔfər, səˌlɪsɪˈteɪʃən ər seɪl wʊd bi ənˈlɔfəl. ðə sɪˈkjʊrətiz ˈɔfərd hæv nɑt bɪn ənd wɪl nɑt bi ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈəndər ðə juz. sɪˈkjʊrətiz ækt ər ˈɛni juz. steɪt sɪˈkjʊrətiz lɔz ənd meɪ nɑt bi ˈɔfərd ər soʊld wɪˈθɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ər tɪ, ər fər ðə əˈkaʊnt ər ˈbɛnəfɪt əv, juz. ˈpərsənz ənˈlɛs ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈəndər ðə juz. sɪˈkjʊrətiz ækt ənd ˈæpləkəbəl steɪt sɪˈkjʊrətiz lɔz ər ənˈlɛs ən ɪgˈzɛmpʃən frəm səʧ ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz əˈveɪləbəl. əˈbaʊt ɪŋk., wən əv ˈkænədəz loʊəst kɔst prəˈdusərz, prəˈdusɪz, səˈplaɪz ənd sɛlz ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈkænəbəs. ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn leamington*, ɑnˈtɛrioʊ, ðə ˈgrinˌhaʊs ˈkæpɪtəl əv ˈkænədə. ɪz ˈtruli paʊərd baɪ ˈsənˌlaɪt, əˈlaʊɪŋ fər ðə moʊst ˈnæʧərəl groʊɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz əˈveɪləbəl. wi ər kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈkænəbəs, suˈpɪriər ˈpeɪʃənt kɛr waɪl ˈbælənsɪŋ ˈpeɪʃənt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ənd rɪˈtərnz tɪ ˈʃɛˌrhoʊldərz. wi ər ðə fərst ˈpəblɪk prəˈdusər tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ˈpɑzətɪv kæʃ floʊ frəm ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd ðə fərst tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ˈpɑzətɪv ˈərnɪŋz ɪn kənˈsɛkjətɪv kˈwɔrtərz. wi hæv ə gʊd θɪŋ groʊɪŋ. ˈkɔʃəˌnɛri noʊt rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈsteɪtmənts: ˈsərtən ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn ðɪs nuz riˈlis ˈkɑnstəˌtuts ˈsteɪtmənts ˈəndər ˈæpləkəbəl sɪˈkjʊrətiz lɔz. ˈɛni ˈsteɪtmənts ðət ər kənˈteɪnd ɪn ðɪs nuz riˈlis ðət ər nɑt ˈsteɪtmənts əv hɪˈstɔrɪkəl fækt meɪ bi dimd tɪ bi ˈsteɪtmənts. ˈsteɪtmənts ər ˈɔfən aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd baɪ tərmz səʧ ɛz "meɪ", "ʃʊd", "ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪt", "ɪkˈspɛkt", "bɪˈliv", "ˌɪnˈtɛnd" ər ðə ˈnɛgətɪv əv ðiz tərmz ənd ˈsɪmələr ɪkˈsprɛʃənz. ˈsteɪtmənts ɪn ðɪs nuz riˈlis ˌɪnˈklud, bət ər nɑt ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ, ˈsteɪtmənts wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz, ðə juz əv prəˈsidz əv ðə ˈɔfərɪŋ ənd ðə ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd ɪkˈspænʧən əv ðə ˈkəmpəniz fəˈsɪlɪti ənd ðə ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ˈtaɪmɪŋ wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ səʧ ɪkˈspænʧən. ˈsteɪtmənts ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ˌɪnˈvɑlv noʊn ənd ənˈnoʊn rɪsks, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ, wɪˈθaʊt ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən, rɪsks əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈʤɛnərəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk kənˈdɪʃənz; ˌædˈvərs ˈɪndəstri ɪˈvɛnts; ˈmɑrkətɪŋ kɔsts; lɔs əv ˈmɑrkɪts; fˈjuʧər ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ənd ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri dɪˈvɛləpmənts ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə; ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ˈækˌsɛs səˈfɪʃənt ˈkæpɪtəl frəm ˌɪnˈtərnəl ənd ɪkˈstərnəl ˈsɔrsəz, ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ˈækˌsɛs səˈfɪʃənt ˈkæpɪtəl ɔn tərmz; ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˈɪndəstri ɪn ˈkænədə ˈʤɛnərəli, ˈɪnˌkəm tæks ənd ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈmætərz; ðə əˈbɪləˌti əv tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ɪts ˈbɪznɪs ˈstrætəʤiz; ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən; krɑp ˈfeɪljər; ˈkərənsi ənd ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪt ˌfləkʧuˈeɪʃənz ənd ˈəðər rɪsks. ˈridərz ər ˈkɔʃənd ðət ðə fɔrˈgoʊɪŋ lɪst ɪz nɑt ɪgˈzɔstɪv. ˈridərz ər ˈfərðər ˈkɔʃənd nɑt tɪ pleɪs ənˈdu rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn ˈsteɪtmənts ɛz ðɛr kən bi noʊ əˈʃʊrəns ðət ðə plænz, ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz ər ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz əˈpɑn wɪʧ ðeɪ ər pleɪst wɪl əˈkər. səʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ˌɔlˈðoʊ kənˈsɪdərd ˈrizənəbəl baɪ ˈmænɪʤmənt æt ðə taɪm əv ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən, meɪ pruv tɪ bi ˌɪnkərˈɛkt ənd ˈækʧəwəl rɪˈzəlts meɪ ˈdɪfər məˈtɪriəli frəm ðoʊz ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd. ˈsteɪtmənts kənˈteɪnd ɪn ðɪs nuz riˈlis ər ɛkˈsprɛsli kˈwɑləˌfaɪd baɪ ðɪs ˈkɔʃəˌnɛri ˈsteɪtmənt.

leamington, ontario--(marketwired - may 9, 2017) - not for distribution to united states newswire services or dissemination in the united states aphria inc. ("aphria" or the "company") (tsx:aph)(otcqb:aphqf) is pleased to announce it has closed its short form prospectus offering, on a bought deal basis, including the exercise in full of the underwriters' over-allotment option. a total of 13,269,252 common shares (the "shares") of the company were sold at a price of $6.50 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $86,250,138 (the "offering"). the offering was underwritten by a syndicate of underwriters led by clarus securities inc. and included cormark securities inc., canaccord genuity corp., and pi financial corp (collectively, the "underwriters"). 50% of the net proceeds from the offering will be allocated towards the currently unfunded portion of the planning, design, development, construction and implementation (including the purchase of certain designated capital equipment) of the company's' part iv expansion. 10% of the net proceeds from the offering will be allocated to the working capital necessary to support the company once part iv expansion is complete and the remaining 40% will be allocated towards strategic investments. until spent by the company, a portion of the net proceeds of the offering will be held as cash balances in the company's bank account and the remaining portion will be invested at the discretion of the company's board of directors. the shares were offered for sale in each of the provinces of canada, other than the province of quebec, by short form prospectus, and in those jurisdictions outside of canada and the united states which were agreed to by the company and the underwriters, where the shares were issued on a private placement basis, exempt from any prospectus, registration or other similar requirements. this news release does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of the securities of aphria inc. in the united states, nor shall there be any sale of the securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful. the securities offered have not been and will not be registered under the u.s. securities act or any u.s. state securities laws and may not be offered or sold within the united states or to, or for the account or benefit of, u.s. persons unless registered under the u.s. securities act and applicable state securities laws or unless an exemption from such registration is available. about aphria aphria inc., one of canada's lowest cost producers, produces, supplies and sells medical cannabis. located in leamington, ontario, the greenhouse capital of canada. aphria is truly powered by sunlight, allowing for the most natural growing conditions available. we are committed to providing pharma-grade medical cannabis, superior patient care while balancing patient economics and returns to shareholders. we are the first public licenced producer to report positive cash flow from operations and the first to report positive earnings in consecutive quarters. we have a good thing growing. cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements: certain information in this news release constitutes forward-looking statements under applicable securities laws. any statements that are contained in this news release that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. forward-looking statements are often identified by terms such as "may", "should", "anticipate", "expect", "believe", "intend" or the negative of these terms and similar expressions. forward-looking statements in this news release include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to internal expectations, the use of proceeds of the offering and the intended expansion of the company's facility and the anticipated timing with respect to such expansion. forward-looking statements necessarily involve known and unknown risks, including, without limitation, risks associated with general economic conditions; adverse industry events; marketing costs; loss of markets; future legislative and regulatory developments involving medical marijuana; inability to access sufficient capital from internal and external sources, and/or inability to access sufficient capital on favourable terms; the medical marijuana industry in canada generally, income tax and regulatory matters; the ability of aphria to implement its business strategies; competition; crop failure; currency and interest rate fluctuations and other risks. readers are cautioned that the foregoing list is not exhaustive. readers are further cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as there can be no assurance that the plans, intentions or expectations upon which they are placed will occur. such information, although considered reasonable by management at the time of preparation, may prove to be incorrect and actual results may differ materially from those anticipated. forward-looking statements contained in this news release are expressly qualified by this cautionary statement.

ˈstɔri ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ˈhɛvi wɪndz ˈərliər fɔrst ðə pleɪn tɪ ʧeɪnʤ kɔrs, rɪˈpɔrts ðə pleɪn wɑz ə ˈtərboʊˌprɑp ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd baɪ ˈneɪʧər ɛr (ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn) ə smɔl pleɪn kræʃ ˈsənˌdi ɪn ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikə kɪld 12 ˈpipəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 10 ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɪtɪzənz, əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd. ðə tu ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikən ˈpaɪləts ˈɔlsoʊ daɪd ɪn ðə kræʃ, ˈprɛzɪdənt luis gwɪˈljɛrmoʊ ˈsoʊlɪs rɪˈvɛrə sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ðɛr wər noʊ sərˈvaɪvərz. ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikəz ˈmɪnɪstri əv ˈpəblɪk sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈpoʊstɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðə ˈrɛkɪʤ ɔn ɪts əˈfɪʃəl ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ, ʃoʊɪŋ ðə pleɪn ɪnˈgəlft ɪn fleɪmz ɪn ə ˈwʊdɪd ˈɛriə, wɪθ smoʊk ˈbɪloʊɪŋ frəm ʧɑrd ˈrəbəl. ə ˈspoʊkspərsən fər ðə ˈjuˈɛs steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt kənˈfərmd ðə dɛθs əv "ˈməltəpəl ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɪtɪzənz" ɪn ðə kræʃ. "wi ɪkˈsprɛs ɑr kənˈdoʊlənsəz tɪ ɔl ðoʊz əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðɪs ˈtræʤədi. wi ər ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikən ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən əˈθɔrətiz ənd wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈmɑnətər ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən," ðə ˈspoʊkspərsən sɛd. rɛd mɔr

story highlights heavy winds earlier forced the plane to change course, teletica reports the plane was a single-engine turboprop operated by nature air (cnn) a small plane crash sunday in northwest costa rica killed 12 people, including 10 us citizens, officials said. the single-engine turboprop's two costa rican pilots also died in the crash, president luis guillermo solis rivera said in a statement posted on social media . there were no survivors. costa rica's ministry of public security posted several images of the wreckage on its official facebook page, showing the plane engulfed in flames in a wooded area, with smoke billowing from charred rubble. a spokesperson for the us state department confirmed the deaths of "multiple us citizens" in the crash. "we express our condolences to all those affected by this tragedy. we are in contact with costa rican aviation authorities and will continue to monitor the situation," the spokesperson said. read more

ˈkænədə ɪz biɪŋ ərʤd tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈdrægɪŋ ˈpɑləˌtɪks ˈɪntu ˈtudeɪz ˈɑrtɪk ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmitɪŋ ɪn iqaluit*. bət ɛz ˈsinjər ˈdɪpləˌmæts ənd ˈmɪnɪstərz frəm eɪt ˈɑrtɪk ˈneɪʃənz əraɪv ɪn ðə ˈkæpɪtəl əv nunavut*, ðɛr ər ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz ˈkænədə həz ɔˈrɛdi əˈlaʊd ˈtɛnʧənz wɪθ ˈrəʃə tɪ əˈfɛkt ðə əˈʤɛndə. ðə ˌmɪnɪˈstiriəl ˈmitɪŋ hɛld ˈɛvəri tu jɪrz wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi prɪˈsidɪd baɪ ə ɪˈvɛnt ɪn ˈɑtəˌwɑ ðɪs wik tɪ ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ˈkænədəz əˈkɑmplɪʃmənts ˈoʊvər ɪts ˈʧɛrmənˌʃɪp əv ðə ˈkaʊnsəl, wɪʧ ɪz naʊ ˈɛndɪŋ. ðət ɪˈvɛnt wɑz əˈbrəptli ˈkænsəld ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri ˈæftər mənθs əv ˈplænɪŋ. ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈmɪnɪstər ˈlioʊnə saɪts ləˈʤɪstɪkəl ˈrizənz. "aɪˈdiəz wər baʊnst əraʊnd əˈbaʊt ˈʃoʊkeɪsɪŋ ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz əv ðə ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz hir ɪn ˈɑtəˌwɑ," sɛd ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈsiˌbiˈsi nuz. "fər ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz əv ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈhæpənɪŋ ɔl æt wəns, wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd wi ˈwʊdənt du ðət." ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈmɪnɪstər ənd ˈaʊtˌgoʊɪŋ ʧɛr əv ðə ˈɑrtɪk ˈkaʊnsəl ˈlioʊnə sɪz ðə ˈɑrtɪk ˈkaʊnsəl ˈɑpərˌeɪts ɔn ə kənˈsɛnsəs ˈbeɪsɪs. kənˈsərnz ɪn 'ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkɑntɛkst' ˈdɑkjəmənts əbˈteɪnd baɪ ˈsiˌbiˈsi səˈʤɛst ðə dɪˈsɪʒən wɑz pəˈlɪtɪkəl. ə tɔp ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz əˈfɪʃəl, ˈsuzən ˈhɑrpər, sɛnt ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈɑrtɪk ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmɛmbərz ɔn ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 28 ˌɪnˈfɔrmɪŋ ðɛm əv "ə dɪˈsɪʒən təˈdeɪ, æt ˈsinjər ˈlɛvəlz əv ðə kəˈneɪdiən ˈgəvərnmənt, tɪ nɑt pərˈsid wɪθ ðə ˈɑtəˌwɑ ˈɑrtɪk ˈkaʊnsəl ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs, plænd fər ˈeɪprəl 23 "ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkɑntɛkst, ðɛr wər groʊɪŋ kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ðɪs ɪˈvɛnt." ˈsɔrsəz tɛl ˈsiˌbiˈsi ðət ðeɪ ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɑptɪks əv ˈsinjər ˈrəʃən əˈfɪʃəlz ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈɑtəˌwɑ, ˈgɪvɪn kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ˈtɛnʧənz ˈoʊvər juˈkreɪn. ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈmɪnɪstər ˈlioʊnə sɪz ən ˈɑrtɪk ˈkaʊnsəl ɪˈvɛnt ˈskɛʤʊld fər ˈɑtəˌwɑ ðɪs wik wɑz ˈkænsəld fər ləˈʤɪstɪkəl ˈrizənz. bət ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ʃɛrd wɪθ ˈsiˌbiˈsi nuz səˈʤɛst ˈpɑləˌtɪks spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈkænədəz dɪˈspjut wɪθ ˈrəʃə ˈoʊvər juˈkreɪn wɑz æt pleɪ. (ˈsiˌbiˈsi nuz) ˈrəʃə ˈrisəntli əˈnaʊnst ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz ˈmɪnɪstər ˈsɛrˌgeɪ lavrov*, hu həz bɪn tɪ ˈɛvəri ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmitɪŋ sɪns 2004 woʊnt bi ɪn iqaluit*. ðɛr ˌdɛləˈgeɪʃən wɪl bi lɛd baɪ ˈrəʃəz ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈmɪnɪstər, ˈsɛrˌgeɪ donskoi*. sɛd ʃi plænz tɪ reɪz juˈkreɪn wɪθ ðə ˈrəʃənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈmitɪŋ. ðət wʊd bi ə mɑrkt dɪˈpɑrʧər: ðə ˈkaʊnsəl həz ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd fər ˈnɪrli 20 jɪrz ɔn kənˈsɛnsəs ənd həz ˈɔlˌweɪz əˈvɔɪdɪd ˈgɪtɪŋ bɔgd daʊn baɪ ˌʤioʊˈpɑlətɪks. hu sɪts ɔn ðə ˈɑrtɪk ˈkaʊnsəl? ˈkænədə, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈrəʃə, ˈdɛnˌmɑrk, sˈwidən, ˈnɔrˌweɪ, ˈfɪnˌlænd, ˈaɪslənd. ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs grups ər ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈmɛmbərz. ðə ˈkaʊnsəlz ˈmænˌdeɪt ɪz tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈɑrtɪk ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ənd prəˈmoʊt səˈsteɪnəbəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ðə ˈnɔrðərn kəmˈjunɪtiz ðət ʃɛr ðə tɔp əv ðə wərld. ðə fəˈlɑsəfi ɪz ðət ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ səkˈsid ɪn səʧ ə rɪˈmoʊt ˈɛriə ɪz tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər. dɪsˈfəŋkʃən rɪsks fjuəl spɪl ɛnˈvaɪrənˌmɛnəlɪsts wɔrn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈtɛnʧənz meɪk ɪt hɑrd tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl θrɛts. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈkænədə (ðə wərld ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf fənd) sɪz ən əˈbændənd, bɑrʤ həz bɪn əˈlaʊd tɪ drɪft θru ðə ˈɑrtɪk ˈoʊʃən ənd ɪz naʊ ˈfroʊzən ɪn ðə aɪs əˈbaʊt 80 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz ɔf ˈrəʃəz ˌnɔrˈθist koʊst. ðə bɑrʤ ɪz oʊnd baɪ ə kəˈneɪdiən ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈnɔrðərn ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈkəmpəˌni ˈlɪmɪtɪd (ntcl*.) ɪt broʊk fri frəm ɪts toʊ boʊt ˈdʊrɪŋ ə stɔrm læst ɑkˈtoʊbər ɪn ðə ˈboʊfərt si nɪr tuktoyaktuk*, nwt*, ənd ˈdrɪftɪd θru əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwɔtərz, ðɛn ˈɪntu ˈrəʃəz ˈʧukʧi si. ðɪs mæp frəm ðə ʃoʊz haʊ ə kəˈneɪdiən bɑrʤ broʊk fri frəm ɪts toʊ laɪn ənd ˈdrɪftɪd θru kəˈneɪdiən ənd əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwɔtərz ˌbiˈfɔr bɪˈkəmɪŋ træpt ɪn aɪs ɪn ən ˈɛriə ˈəndər ˈrəʃən ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən. naʊ ˈɛfərts tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ə fjuəl spɪl ər ˈhɪndərd baɪ ˌʤioʊˈpɑlətɪks. (wwf*) ðə juz. koʊst gɑrd drɑpt ə ˈgipiˈɛs dɪˈvaɪs ɔn ðə bɑrʤ tɪ kip træk əv ɪts ˈmuvmənts. bət ðə juz. ənd kəˈneɪdiən koʊst gɑrdz ˈɑrənt ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ˈrəʃə. soʊ ðə ɪz ˈæktɪŋ ɛz ə go-­between*, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən., hɛd əv ˈɪndəstri ənd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈpɑləsi fər ˈrəʃə, kɔlz ɪt "bɪˈzɑr." "wi si ɪt ɛz ˈwiknəs əv ðə ˈɑrtɪk steɪts' əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ʤɔɪnt ˈrɛskju ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ˈsæŋkʃənz əv ðə ˈrəʃən rəˈʒim," hi sɛd ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju frəm ˈmɔˌskaʊ. ðə bɑrʤ həz əv fjuəl. nɑt ə lɔt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, bət ɪˈnəf tɪ θˈrɛtən ðə ˈsəmər ˈhæbəˌtæt əv ˈkɑləniz əv pəˈsɪfɪk ˈwɔlrəs ðət lɪv ðɛr ɪn ðə ˈsəmər. "ˈivɪn ə smɔl əˈmaʊnt əv fjuəl kʊd bi ˈtɑksɪk fər ðə ˈfidɪŋ ˈɛriə," sɛd sɪz ɪt wɪl rɪˈtriv ðə ˈvɛsəl ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ wɪn ðə aɪs mɛlts. ˈɪzənt ʃʊr haʊ ðət wɪl ˈhæpən ɪf ðə ˈkəntriz ˈɑrənt ˈtɔkɪŋ. əˈmɛrɪkənz ˌənɪmˈprɛst? ðə juz., naʊ ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ʧɛr, ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˈprɛʃər ˈkænədə tɪ bæk ɔf ɔn ˈrəʃə. "ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən həz bɪn ˈvɛri klɪr ðət ˈɑrtɪk məst kənˈtɪnju," sɛd ˈmaɪkəl baɪərz, ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˈfɛrz prəˈfɛsər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ kəˈləmbiə, "ðət ðə ˈɪʃuz əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə ˈɑrtɪk ər ˈsɪmpli tu ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ bi kɔt əp ɪn ðə ˈtɛnʧənz ɪn juˈkreɪn ənd ˈistərn ˈjʊrəp. "ðə kəˈneɪdiən ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl bi ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈsɪriəs ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ɪts riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ɛz wɛl ɛz wɪθ ˈmɔˌskaʊ, ɪf ɪt siks tɪ brɪŋ ðə juˈkreɪniən ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˈɑrtɪk ˈkaʊnsəl," baɪərz sɛd. bət, hu hænz ðə hɛlm tɪ juz. ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ʤɑn ˈkɛri ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, sɪz ˈtɛnʧənz woʊnt gɪt ɪn ðə weɪ. "wi kənˈdɛm wət ˈrəʃə ɪz duɪŋ tɪ juˈkreɪn ənd ˈsæŋkʃənz hæv bɪn ˈteɪkən əˈgɛnst ˈrəʃə" ʃi toʊld ˈsiˌbiˈsi. "wiv bɪn ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri klɪr ɛz ə ˈkəntri." bət ʃi ˈædɪd, "ðə ˈɑrtɪk ˈkaʊnsəl ˈɑpərˌeɪts ɔn ə kənˈsɛnsəs ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz ðət wi ˌəndərˈtʊk ˈdʊrɪŋ ɑr ˈʧɛrmənˌʃɪp, ðoʊz wər ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ'' lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈleɪtəst dɪˈspjuts wɪθ ˈrəʃə. "laɪk ˈɛni ˈkɑnfərəns ðɛr ər ˈʧælənʤɪz," ʃi sɛd.

canada is being urged to avoid dragging politics into today's arctic council meeting in iqaluit. but as senior diplomats and ministers from eight arctic nations arrive in the capital of nunavut, there are indications canada has already allowed tensions with russia to affect the agenda. the one-day ministerial meeting held every two years was supposed to be preceded by a day-long event in ottawa this week to highlight canada's accomplishments over its two-year chairmanship of the council, which is now ending. that event was abruptly cancelled in february after months of planning. environment minister leona aglukkaq cites logistical reasons. "ideas were bounced around about showcasing the initiatives of the territories here in ottawa," said aglukkaq in an interview with cbc news. "for the challenges of everything happening all at once, we decided we wouldn't do that." environment minister and outgoing chair of the arctic council leona aglukkaq says the arctic council operates on a consensus basis. 1:20 concerns in 'geopolitical and security context' documents obtained by cbc suggest the decision was political. a top foreign affairs official, susan harper, sent a letter to arctic council members on feb. 28, informing them of "a decision today, at senior levels of the canadian government, to not proceed with the ottawa arctic council showcase, planned for april 23." "in the current geopolitical and security context, there were growing concerns about this event." sources tell cbc that they worried about the optics of senior russian officials visiting ottawa, given continuing tensions over ukraine. environment minister leona aglukkaq says an arctic council event scheduled for ottawa this week was cancelled for logistical reasons. but a document shared with cbc news suggest politics - specifically canada's dispute with russia over ukraine - was at play. (cbc news) russia recently announced foreign affairs minister sergei lavrov, who has been to every council meeting since 2004, won't be in iqaluit. their delegation will be led by russia's environment minister, sergei donskoi. aglukkaq said she plans to raise ukraine with the russians during the meeting. that would be a marked departure: the council has operated for nearly 20 years on consensus and has always avoided getting bogged down by geopolitics. who sits on the arctic council? canada, united states, russia, denmark, sweden, norway, finland, iceland. circumpolar indigenous groups are permanent members. the council's mandate is to protect the arctic environment and promote sustainable development in the northern communities that share the top of the world. the philosophy is that the only way to succeed in such a remote area is to work together. dysfunction risks fuel spill environmentalists warn political tensions make it hard to manage environmental threats. for example, wwf canada (the world wildlife fund) says an abandoned, fuel-­laden barge has been allowed to drift through the arctic ocean and is now frozen in the ice about 80 kilometres off russia's northeast coast. the barge is owned by a canadian company, northern transportation company limited (ntcl.) it broke free from its tow boat during a storm last october in the beaufort sea near tuktoyaktuk, nwt, and drifted through american waters, then into russia's chukchi sea. this map from the wwf shows how a canadian barge broke free from its tow line and drifted through canadian and american waters before becoming trapped in ice in an area under russian jurisdiction. now efforts to prevent a fuel spill are hindered by geopolitics. (wwf) the u.s. coast guard dropped a gps device on the barge to keep track of its movements. but the u.s. and canadian coast guards aren't talking to russia. so the wwf is acting as a go-­between, providing information. alexey knizhnikov, head of extractive industry and environmental policy for wwf russia, calls it "bizarre." "we see it as weakness of the arctic states' ability to conduct joint rescue operations because of the problem of sanctions of the russian regime," he said in an interview from moscow. the barge has 3,500 litres of fuel. not a lot, according to knizhnikov, but enough to threaten the summer habitat of colonies of pacific walrus that live there in the summer. "even a small amount of fuel could be toxic for the feeding area," said knizhnikov ntcl says it will retrieve the vessel in july when the ice melts. knizhnikov isn't sure how that will happen if the countries aren't talking. americans unimpressed? the u.s., now taking over the chair, is expected to pressure canada to back off on russia. "the obama administration has been very clear that arctic co-operation must continue," said michael byers, international affairs professor at the university of british columbia, "that the issues of climate change in the arctic are simply too important to be caught up in the tensions in ukraine and eastern europe. "the canadian government will be causing serious problems with its relationship with washington, as well as with moscow, if it seeks to bring the ukrainian situation into the arctic council," byers said. but aglukkaq, who hands the helm to u.s. secretary of state john kerry on friday, says tensions won't get in the way. "we condemn what russia is doing to ukraine and sanctions have been taken against russia" she told cbc. "we've been very, very clear as a country." but she added, "the arctic council operates on a consensus basis.the initiatives that we undertook during our chairmanship, those were decided two years ago'' — long before the latest disputes with russia. "like any conference ... there are challenges," she said.

ðɪs wik hysteria”*” ˈriʧɪz əˈmɛrɪkən ʃɔrz wɪθ ðə riˈlis əv ðə sɪkˈwɛstərd blæk ˈnoʊtˌbʊks fəˈlɑsəfər, kənˈfərmɪŋ hɪz ənd unambiguous”*”. ənd jɛt, ɛz məʧ ɛz ˈmɑrtɪn ɪz skɔrnd fər hɪz ˈnɑtsi ˈsɪmpəθiz, hi rɪˈmeɪnz wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl fəˈlɑsəfərz əv ðə tˈwɛnˌtiɛθ ˈsɛnʧəri. aɪ wʊd meɪnˈteɪn ðət ɔl ˈsɪriəs ʤuɪʃ fəˈlɑsəfi məst ˈgræpəl wɪθ ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪtɪŋ ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin sɛlf ənd ˈəðər ɪn ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊ əv ˈkɑnsɛpt əv biɪŋ ɛz ˈɛvəri kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ʤuɪʃ ˈθɪŋkər ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli məst ɪnˈgeɪʤ ðɪs ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈtɛnʃən ɪn ðə ˈstədi əv rɪˈlɪʤən bɪtˈwin ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ðə ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl. aɪ ˈrisəntli ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪd wɪθ rɪˈnaʊnd ˈskɑlər əv ʤuɪʃ ˈmɪstɪˌsɪzəm ənd fəˈlɑsəfi, ˈɛliət ɑr. ˈwʊlfsən, huz rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˈgɪvɪŋ bɪɔnd ðə gɪft: ənd ˈoʊvərˌkəmɪŋ həz ˈrisəntli kəm aʊt frəm ˈfɔrdəm prɛs, ə reɪnʤ ˈəðər ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz əv ðə ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz fər ʤuɪʃ fəˈlɑsəfi ənd ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp. ðə skoʊp əv ˈrisənt ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz tɪ ˈmɑdərn ʤuɪʃ fəˈlɑsəfi ɪz ˈsɪmpli əˈstaʊndɪŋ; ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əv hɪz kəmˈpærətɪv æˈnælɪsɪs əv ənd ˌmɑhəˈjɑnə ˈbudɪzəm ɪn ˈoʊpən ˈsikrɪt: ənd ðə ˈmɪstɪkəl riˈvɪʒən əv ˈmɛndəl ʃˈnɪrsən 2009 ənd hɪz ˈstədi əv ðə ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən ɪn ʤuɪʃ ˈmɪstɪˌsɪzəm ənd ˌsaɪkoʊəˈnælɪsɪs ɪn ə drim ˌɪnˈtərprətəd wɪˈθɪn ə drim: ənd ðə ˈprɪzəm əv ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən 2011 boʊθ əv wɪʧ wɪl səˈsteɪn ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz əv ˈθɪŋkərz tɪ kəm. ɪn nu bʊk, wɪʧ wɪl ˈʃʊrli bɪˈkəm ə ˈtəʧˌstoʊn fər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz əv ˌɪnˈtərprətərz, hi əˈlərts ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ðə ˈdeɪnʤər əv wət ˈmɑrtɪn ˈæptli kɔlz əbˈsɛʃən wɪθ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt gɑd, ˈbɔrdərɪŋ ɔn aɪˈdɑlətri. ɑr ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən əv ˈdɛkeɪdz naʊ ˈrisəntli keɪm tɪ ə hɛd ɪn ˈiˌmeɪl wɪθ ðɪs ˈpɪnəkəl ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən, ənd həz bɪn ˈɛdɪtɪd fər lɛŋθ, ɪn wət ˈfɑloʊz: tɪ bɪˈgɪn, haʊ du ðə ˈrisənt ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz əˈbaʊt blæk ˈnoʊtˌbʊks əˈfɛkt jʊr oʊn ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɛz ə ʤu ənd wət dɪz ɪt min (ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ) fər ðə nɛkst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ʤuɪʃ ˈθɪŋkərz, children”*”? aɪ hæv nɑt jɛt ɪgˈzæmənd ðə ˈrisəntli ˈpəblɪʃt ˈdaɪəriz əv ənd aɪ æm loʊð tɪ drɔ ˈɛni dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv kənˈkluʒən beɪst ɔn ðə fju ˌʤərnəˈlɪstɪk əˈkaʊnts ðət aɪ hæv rɛd. aɪ wɪl seɪ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ənd hɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt wɪθ ðə ˈnɑtsi ˈpɑrti ər ˈɑbviəsli nɑt nu. ɪn ðə ˈdaɪəriz, wi əˈpɛrəntli faɪnd mɔr ˈɛvədəns əv ðə juz əv ˌɪnˈsɪˌdiəs rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈrutləs ʤuz, hu əˈlɛʤədli pleɪ ə ˈkruʃəl roʊl ɪn ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kənˈspɪrəsiz əv boʊθ ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ənd ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm. mɪsˈgaɪdɪd ənd vaɪl ˈætəˌtud tɪ ðə ʤuz ɪz səbˈstænʧiˌeɪtɪd baɪ ˈəðər tɛksts frəm ðɪs ˈpɪriəd. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪn ðə ˈproʊtəˌkɔlz əv ðə ˈsɛməˌnɑr ðə ˈɛsəns ənd ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˈneɪʧər, ˈhɪstəri, ənd state”*” ˈæftər dɪˈskəsɪŋ ðə ˈɪntrəkət riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp əv ˈhoʊmˌlænd, ˈfɑðərˌlænd, ənd ðə steɪt, weɪz ɪn ɔn ðə ˈstætəs əv ˈnoʊˌmædz, dɪˈplɔɪɪŋ ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli dɪˈspɛrɪʤɪŋ wərdz əˈbaʊt nomads”*” tɪ hum ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə space”*” wɪl ˈnɛvər bi rɪˈvild. ɪt laɪz bɪɔnd ðə skoʊp əv ðɪs ˈɪntərvˌju tɪ trit ðɪs ˈkɑmplɛks ənd ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ˈtɑpɪk, bət lɛt mi seɪ ˌənikˈwɪvəkəli ðət aɪ hæv noʊ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən əv ˈræʃənəˌlaɪzɪŋ ər ɪkˈskjuzɪŋ əˈnərvɪŋ ˈrɛtərɪk. ˈmɔrəl ˈʃɔrtˌkəmɪŋz ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈbləndərz əˈtɛstɪd ɪn hɪz ɪkˈsplɪsət kəmˈplɪsɪti wɪθ ˈnæʃənəl ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm ər wɛl noʊn ənd ˈkænɑt bi ˈizəli ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd ər dɪsˈmɪst ɛz ˌɪˈnɑkjuəs mɪˈskælkjəˈleɪʃənz beɪst ɔn ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt ˈnɑlɪʤ. ðə mɪsˈdidz ənd ˈlæpsɪz ɪn ˈʤəʤmənt wər dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt ənd rɪˈflɛkt ˈpurli ɔn. ɛz greɪt ə ˈθɪŋkər ɛz hi wɑz, hi fɛl preɪ tɪ ðə ˈkəlʧərəl saɪˈkoʊsəs ðət grɪpt soʊ ˈmɛni ˈʤərmənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs dɑrk taɪm. tɪ æd ˌɪnˈsəlt tɪ ˈɪnʤəri, hi ˈnɛvər ˈpəblɪkli ækˈnɑlɪʤd hɪz ˈfeɪlɪŋz. ənd jɛt, aɪ bɪˈliv ɪt ɪz ɪkˈsɛsɪvli tɪ ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt hɪz θɔt ˈsɪmpli ɪn laɪt əv hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ənd ðə ˌɛgˌzɪˈstɛnʃəl dɪˈsɪʒənz ðeɪ ɪˈlɪsɪtɪd. aɪ ˈkænɑt əkˈsɛpt, fər ˈɪnstəns, ˌkætəˈgɔrɪkəl əˈsərʃən ðət fəˈlɑsəfi rɛsts ɔn ə enrootedness”*” ðət ˈglɔrəˌfaɪz ðə ““pagan”*” ɪgˈzɪstəns ˌɛmbləˈmætɪk əv ˈnæzɪzəm ər hɪz kənˈvɪkʃən ðət ðə ˈbɑrbərˌɪzəm əv ðə ˈlætər stɛmz frəm ən ˌɛləˈmɛnəl ˈivəl ˌɪnˈskraɪbd wɪˈθɪn ðə ɑnˈtɑləʤi əv biɪŋ tɪ wɪʧ wɑz stɪl bɪˈhoʊldən. rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðə pəˈzɪʃən wən teɪks wɪθ rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp əv ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ðə ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl, ðə gɪft əv θɔt həz bɪn ɪˈnɔrmɪs, ənd soʊ, tu, ðə dɛt əv ðoʊz sizd baɪ ðə ˈhɔntɪŋ rɪˌvərbərˈeɪʃənz əv hɪz vɔɪs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈʧɪldrən əv, ðət ɪz, ðə ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ˈægrəgət əv ʤuɪʃ ˈstudənts. ənd soʊ ɪt ɪz wɪθ maɪ oʊn wərk ɔn ʤuɪʃ ˈmɪstɪˌsɪzəm. ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ðiz ˈmɛni jɪrz, aɪ hæv əˈveɪld ˌmaɪˈsɛlf əv ˈsərtən θimz ɪn ˈuvrə tɪ ɪˈlusəˌdeɪt ˈæˌspɛkts əv ənd. lɛt mi noʊt, ˈfaɪnəli, ənd pərˈhæps moʊst proʊˈvɑkətɪvli, ðət ɪn boʊθ ənd ðə wi faɪnd ə əv ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ɛz əv ðə ˈneɪʧər əv biɪŋ ənd ðə ˈkɑnsəkwənt ˌæfərˈmeɪʃən əv ə juˈnik ˈkəlʧərəl ˈdɛstəni əv ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈɛθnoʊs, ə pəˈzɪʃən ðət ˈhɑrbərz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər ðə əv ˈəðərz ˈəndər ðə gaɪz əv ˈreɪʃəl ˌɪnfɪriˈɔrɪˌti. tɪ deɪt, noʊ wən həz hæd ðə kərɪʤ tɪ drɔ ðɪs kəmˈpɛrəsən. ɪn ə ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ ˈmɑnəˌgræf ɔn ənd ðə kəˈbɑlə, aɪ hoʊp tɪ ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ðɪs pɔɪnt. səˈfaɪs ɪt hir tɪ saɪt ðə ərˈɛstɪŋ wərdz frəm ʤɑn braʊn, ðə θɪŋ ðət skɛrd mi moʊst wɑz wɪn maɪ ˈɛnəmi keɪm kloʊz ənd aɪ sɔ ðət hɪz feɪs lʊkt ʤɪst laɪk mine.”*.” baɪ ˈrɛdɪŋ ʤuɪʃ tɛksts θru ðə lɛnz əv ənd ˈrɛdɪŋ θru ðə lɛnz əv ʤuɪʃ tɛksts, maɪ hoʊp həz bɪn tɪ ˈrɛktəˌfaɪ ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv ˌɪndɪˈskrɛʃənz. wən əv moʊst praɪzd ˈʧɪldrən, ˈhænə ˈɛrɪnt, ɪn hər ˈɛˌseɪ, ɛnˈtaɪtəld, ʤu ɛz pəraɪə: ə ˈhɪdən tradition”*” 1944 wəns ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ðə tru ˈθɪŋkər ɛz ˈiðər ðə hu bɪˈtreɪz hər ˈpipəl ˈaʊˈtraɪt, ər ɛz ðə pəraɪə hu hoʊldz ðɛm əp tɪ bi mɔr ðən ðə ˈprɛzənt, bət jʊr ˈθɪŋkɪŋ straɪks mi ɛz bɪɔnd ðoʊz categories—*— waɪ? aɪ ˈsərtənli du nɑt θɪŋk əv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɛz ə bət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz pəraɪə dɪz sim tɪ fɪt maɪ lɔt ɪn laɪf ɛz wən fər hum biɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd həz kənˈsɪstɪd əv biɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd. ɪf aɪ meɪ kwoʊt maɪ oʊn æˈnælɪsɪs ɪn ðə θərd ˈʧæptər əv ˈvɛnʧərɪŋ bɪɔnd: lɔ ənd ˌmɔˈræləˌti ɪn ʤuɪʃ ˈmɪstɪˌsɪzəm 2006 əv ðə ˈdaɪəˌlɔg bɪtˈwin ðə ˈdɔrˌkipər ənd ðə oʊld mæn ɪn ˈfeɪməs ˈpɛrəbəl ðə law”*”, ɪz ðə ˈlɛsən ðə prist sɛt aʊt tɪ tiʧ keɪ. θru ðə ˈpɛrəbəl: ðə əbˈsɛsɪv dɪˈzaɪər tɪ gɪt aʊt frəm ˈəndər ðə əˈθɔrəti əv lɔ ɪz ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈtræktəbəl ərʤ tɪ ˈɛnər ðə dɔr θru wɪʧ wən wʊd ˈækˌsɛs ðə lɔ ðət ˈkænɑt bi ˈækˌsɛst. ðə mæn ɪz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə lɔ nɑt bɪˈkəz hi wɔnts tɪ goʊ ɪn bət prɪˈsaɪsli bɪˈkəz hi ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˌɪnˈsaɪd, ðət ɪz, ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd ɪz ðə ˈvæntɪʤ pɔɪnt frəm wɪʧ hi ˌɪˈmæʤənz ðət hi ɪz outside.”*.” fər ˈmɛni jɪrz naʊ, aɪ hæv bɪˈlɔŋd tɪ ðə kəmˈjunɪti baɪ not-belonging*. ˈmeɪbi ðət ɪz ðə ki tɪ jʊr dɪˈpɪktɪŋ maɪ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɛz bɪɔnd. tɪ bi prɪˈsaɪs, aɪ hæv sɔt tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd bɪɔnd ðə bɪɔnd, ˌɪˈnæsmək ɛz ðə ˈkætəˌgɔri əv ðə bɪɔnd stɪl prəˈzumz ðə poʊˈlɛrəti əv ˌɪnˈtɪriər ənd ɪkˈstɪriər, ər ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈrɛʤɪstər, ðə bɪɔnd ɪz ə ˈspeɪʃəl ˌdimɑrˈkeɪʃən əv trænˈsɛndəns ðət ɪz tɪ bi dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt frəm ˈɪmənəns. maɪ pæθ həz bɪn mɑrkt baɪ ðə ˈɛfərt tɪ trænˈsɛnd trænˈsɛndəns, wɪʧ ɪz tɪ seɪ, tɪ kəˈlæps ðə dɪˈstɪŋkʃən ənd ðəs tɪ ˌɛnərˈteɪn ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv trænˈsɛndəns ðət ɪz ˈɪmənənt ənd əv ˈɪmənəns ðət ɪz trænˈsɛndənt. tɪ wɔk ðɪs laɪn ðət ɪz noʊ tɪ ˈvɛnʧər bɪɔnd ðə bɪɔnd. hir wi maɪt ˈriˌkɔl ðət ðə tərm ““hebrew,”*,” ivri*, ˈlaɪkli rɪˈflɛkts ən ˌɛtɪˈmɑləʤi, ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ɪn ˈlɪtərəʧər, dəraɪvd frəm ðə ˈskrɪpʧərəl ˈvərsɪz ˈeɪnʧənt taɪmz, jʊr forefathers—terah*, ˈfɑðər əv ˈeɪbrəˌhæm ənd ˈfɑðər əv bɪɔnd ðə ˈrɪvər ha-nahar*] ənd ˈwərʃɪpt ˈəðər gɑdz. bət aɪ tʊk jʊr ˈfɑðər ˈeɪbrəˌhæm frəm bɪɔnd ðə ˈrɪvər ənd lɛd ɪm θru ðə hoʊl lænd əv ˈkeɪnən ənd ˈməltəˌplaɪd hɪz offspring”*” (ˈʤɑˌʃuə tɪ bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ən ivri*, ə ˈhibru, minz ðət wən həz dɪˈsɛndɪd frəm ˈeɪbrəˌhæm hu tɪ ˈkeɪnən frəm ˌmɛsəpəˈteɪmiə, wɪʧ ɪz ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv ðə juˈfreɪtiz. ˈɪntərˌprɛtɪŋ ðə tɛkst gnostically*, ðɪs ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈsɪmpli ə ˌdimɑrˈkeɪʃən; ɪt ɪz, praɪˈmɛrəli, ə sɪmˈbɑlɪk ðət dɪˈnoʊts ðət ðə ʤu ɪz ðə kˌwɪntɪˈsɛnʃəl ˈəðər, nɑt ɪn ə sɛns əv dˈwɛlɪŋ ɪn ə lænd ðət ɪz nɑt ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəsˌli oʊn, bət ɪn ən sɛns əv biɪŋ ðə məˈnɔrəti ðət rɪˈzɪsts bət æt ðə seɪm taɪm hɛlps tɪ ˈfɔrtɪˌfaɪ ðə hiˈʤɛməni əv ðə məˈʤɔrəti. tɪ bi ə ˈhibru, ɪn ʃɔrt, ɪz tɪ bi ðə wən hu bɛrz ðə sɛns əv ˈdɪfərəns ðət dɪˈlɪniˌeɪts ðə ˈkɑnˌtʊrz əv ðə seɪm. frəm ðə pərˈspɛktɪv, ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈɛsəns əv wət ɪt ɪz tɪ bi ʤuɪʃ. ˈsɛnʧəriz ˈleɪtər geɪv vɔɪs tɪ ðɪs ˈsɛnəmənt ɪn hɪz ˌɛkspləˈkeɪʃən əv vju ðət ðə ʤu dɪz nɑt pəˈzɛs ˈɛni ˌɪˈneɪt ˈprɑpərtiz: ʤu ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈəðər, ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd ðə ˈəðər; aɪ æm ʤuɪʃ ɪn seɪɪŋ: ðə ʤu ɪz ðə ˈəðər hu həz noʊ ˈɛsəns, hu həz ˈnəθɪŋ əv hɪz oʊn ər huz oʊn ˈɛsəns ɪz nɑt tɪ hæv one.”*.” ju hæv ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt ənd rɪˈflɛktɪd æt lɛŋθ əˈbaʊt ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ʤuɪʃ fəˈlɑsəfi ənd ɪts ˈkænən. wət ˌɪnˈspaɪərd jʊr ˈkɑrənt ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt wɪθ ənd, ənd wət ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz dɪz ɪt hæv fər fəˈlɑsəfi əv rɪˈlɪʤən æt lɑrʤ? maɪ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn, ər ˈnɛgətɪv θiˈɑləʤi, ɪz long-standing*, goʊɪŋ bæk tɪ maɪ ˈərli ˈstədiz əv ənd ɪts ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl ənd ˈmɪstɪkəl kərənts əv ˈʤudiˌɪzəm, ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti, ənd ˌɪsˈlɑm. ˈərli ɔn, aɪ wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ strək baɪ ðə dɪˈmɛnʃənz faʊnd ɪn ˈhɪnʤuˌɪzəm, ˈdaʊɪzəm, ənd səm fɔrmz əv ˈbudɪzəm. maɪ ˈstədi əv ənd həˈsɪdɪk tɛksts ˈoʊnli ˌriɪnˈfɔrst ðɪs ˈɪntəˌrɛst. beɪst ɔn ðə ˈmɛni jɪrz əv rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ɔn ðə, aɪ keɪm tɪ ðə kənˈkluʒən ðət ˈrisənt əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˈhɑrnɪs ðə trəˈdɪʃən əv ˈwɛstərn təˈgɛðər wɪθ dikənˈstrəkʃən ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈkɑnstrəkt ə ˈvaɪəbəl poʊstˈmɑdərn ˈnɛgətɪv theology—*— ə rɪˈlɪʤən wɪˈθaʊt nɑt ˈrædɪkəl ɪˈnəf! nɑt ˈoʊnli ər ðiz fəˈlɑsəfiz əv trænˈsɛndəns ˈgɪlti əv ə tərn tɪ θiˈɑləʤi ðət dɪˈfaɪz ðə ˌprisəpəˈzɪʃən əv ən ˈɪmənənt phenomenality*, bət ðeɪ fɔl ʃɔrt ɔn ðɛr oʊn tərmz, sɪns ðeɪ pərˈsɪst ɪn ɪmˈplɔɪɪŋ ˌmɛtəˈfɔrɪkəl ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ðət ˈpərsənəˌlaɪzɪz trænˈsɛndəns ənd ˈðɛrˈbaɪ rən ðə rɪsk əv ˈəndərˌmaɪnɪŋ ðə ənd ˌɪnˌvɪzəˈbɪləti əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ðə trænˈsɛndənt ˈəðər. ðə ˈlɑʤɪk əv, ɪf pərˈmɪtɪd tɪ rən ɪts kɔrs wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən əv ˈpriɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkəl bɪˈlifs, wʊd sərˈpæs ðə ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪkəl daɪæd əv ˈprɛzəns ənd ˈæbsəns ɪn ðə əv ðə mæsk ənd ðə ˈkɑnsəkwənt trænˈsɛndɪŋ əv ðə nid tɪ ˈpɑzət səm fɔrm əv trænˈsɛndəns ðət ɪz nɑt ˈəltəmətli ə ˈfæsət əv ˈɪmənəns, ə ˈsəmθɪŋ mɔr ðət ɪz nɑt ɪn fækt ˈmɪrli əˈnəðər ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv ðə toʊˈtæləti əv wət ðɛr ɪz, prəˈvaɪdɪd wi ˌəndərˈstænd ðət toʊˈtæləti ɛz ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ˌɪnˈdɛfənət ənd ˈpætərnz əv ˈrəðər ðən ɛz ə fɪkst ˈsɪstəm əv prɪˈdɪktəbəl ənd kˌwɑntɪˈfaɪəbɛl ˈdætə. theologies*, əˈkɔrdɪŋli, məst bi səˈplæntəd baɪ ə mɔr ðət sərˈpæsɪz ðə ˌɪmˈpəls ðət laɪz kɔɪld ɪn ðə krəks əv ˈθiɪzəm, ən əv ðə, beɪst ɔn ðə əkˈsɛptəns əv ən ˈæbsəˌlut bi dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt frəm ðə ˈnəθɪŋnəs əv ən dɪz nɑt ˈsɪgnəˌfaɪ ðə ənˈnoʊəbəl wən bət ðə ˈmænɪˌfoʊld ðət ɪz ðə əˈbɪs æt kɔr, ðə ˈziroʊ ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənəl ˈɛnərʤi əv ˈɛmti speɪs, ðə ˈɛfluənt ˈɛmtinəs ðət ɪz ðə wum əv ɔl bɪˈkəmɪŋ. ɔn ðɪs skɔr, ðə məʧ ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ˈmɛtəfɔr əv ðə gɪft wʊd gɪv weɪ tɪ ðə mɔr ˈnutrəl ənd lɛs ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkli ʧɑrʤd ˈnoʊʃən əv ən ˌənkənˈdɪʃənəl ˈgɪvənəs ɪn wɪʧ ðə dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪtˈwin ˈgɪvər ənd ˈgɪvɪn kəˈlæpsɪz. tɪ θɪŋk ˈgɪvənəs ɪn ɪts moʊst ˌɛləˈmɛnəl sɛns ɪz tɪ əˈlaʊ ðə əˈpɛrənt tɪ əˈpɪr ɛz ˈgɪvɪn wɪˈθaʊt prɪˈzumɪŋ ə ˈkɔzəl ˈeɪʤənsi ðət wʊd tərn ðət ˈgɪvɪn ˈɪntu ə gɪft. ðɪs, aɪ hoʊp, wɪl bi ðɪs ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə fəˈlɑsəfi əv rɪˈlɪʤən æt lɑrʤ, ənd ɪt ɪz wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ðɪs əv ðə gɪft ðət maɪ ˌɪnˈdɛtɪdnɪs tɪ (ənd tɪ, hu ɪz ˈsɪmələrli ˌɪnˈdɛtɪd tɪ) ɪz moʊst dɪˈsərnəbəl. ɛz aɪ səˈʤɛst ɪn ðə sɪksθ ˈʧæptər, aɪˈdiə əv ɛs gibt*, gives,”*,” ˌɪmˈplaɪz ə ˈgɪvɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˈeɪʤənsi əv ˈgɪvənəs, ðət ɪz, ə ˈgɪvɪŋ ðət gɪvz wɪθ noʊ wɪl tɪ gɪv ənd noʊ dɪˈzaɪər tɪ bi ˈgɪvɪn. jʊr ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈmɑdərn ʤuɪʃ fəˈlɑsəfi əˈtɛndz tɪ ˈklæsɪk ˈθɪŋkərz ɛz wɛl ɛz ðoʊz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈmɑrʤənz (laɪk ənd wyschogrod*). tɪ wət dɪˈgri ər ju ˈsikɪŋ tɪ spik tɪ ðoʊz hu ər ɛnˈtæŋgəld ɪn ðə ɪnˈkaʊnər bɪtˈwin ˈmɪstɪˌsɪzəm ənd ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm? haʊ du ju fil ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈrædɪkəl, ˈmɪstɪkəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ maɪt riʧ aʊt ənd hænz wɪθ atheism”*”? aɪ trəst ðət maɪ bʊk wɪl ˌɪmˈplɔr ˈəðərz tɪ ɪkˈspænd ðə ˈbaʊndəriz əv ˈmɑdərn ənd poʊstˈmɑdərn ʤuɪʃ θɔt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈtɪnju tɪ dɪˈzaɪər ðət ðə bʊk wɪl bi əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst tɪ ə ˈbrɔdər ˈɔdiəns, ðət ðə ˈθɪŋkɪŋ æt pleɪ wɪl nɑt bi ɛz əv ˈrɛləvəns ˈoʊnli tɪ ˈstudənts əv ˈmɑdərn ʤuɪʃ θɔt. ˈnidləs tɪ seɪ, aɪ kʊd hæv ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈθɪŋkərz ɪn ðɪs ˈvɑljum. aɪ dɪd nɑt ˈɔpərˌeɪt wɪθ ˈɛni ˈprɪnsəpəl əv ˌɪnˈkluʒən ər ɪkˈskluʒən, bət aɪ wʊd əˈsɛnt tɪ jʊr ˈsɪŋgəlɪŋ aʊt ðə pleɪs əv ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm ənd əˈspɛʃəli ɪts ˈkjʊriəs kəˈnɛkʃən tɪ ˈmɪstɪˌsɪzəm ɛz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈkætəˌlɪst ɪn maɪ ˈɛfərt tɪ ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪt ə ˈvaɪbrənt ʤuɪʃ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ bɪɔnd ðə ˈbaɪnəˌri əv ˈθiɪzəm ənd ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm. ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈθɪŋkərz hæv riʧt ðə kənˈkluʒən ðət ðə ˌræməfəˈkeɪʃən əv ðə krid ɪz ðə ənˈduɪŋ ənd əv ˈθiɪzəm wɛns ɪt ˈfɑloʊz ðət ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˌaɪkənəˈklæstɪk əˈʧivmənt əv ˈmɑnəˌθiɪzəm wʊd kɔl fər dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ðə ˈaɪdəl əv ðə ˈvɛri gɑd pərˈsɑnəˌfaɪd ɛz ðə ˈdiəti ðət məst bi ˈwərʃəpt wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ ˈaɪdəˌlaɪzd. hæd ðɪs ɪn maɪnd wɪn hi roʊt ɪn toʊˈtæləti ənd ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti ðət feɪθ ˌɪmˈplaɪz ə ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪkəl ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm, ðət ɪz, ðə tru ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv ˈmɑnəˌθiɪzəm rikˈwaɪərz wən tɪ dɪˈvɛst ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv gɑd əv ɔl ˈmɪθɪk ənd ɔl ˈpɑzətɪv ˌkɛrɪktərɪˈzeɪʃənz. ɪn ðə proʊˈfaʊndli aɪˈrɑnɪk ˌfɔrmjəˈleɪʃən əv ˌɔˈri ˈætlən, ˈəltəmət ˈaɪdəl ɪz ðə ˈpərsɪnəl gɑd əv θiˈɑləʤi ðə ˈoʊnli ˈdɪskɔrs əˈbaʊt gɑd ðət ɪz nɑt aɪˈdɑlətrəs ɪz ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ən ˌeɪθiˈɪstɪk ˈdɪskɔrs. ɔlˈtərnətɪvli, ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə ˈdɪskɔrs, ðə ˈoʊnli gɑd hu ɪz nɑt ən ˈaɪdəl ɪz ə gɑd hu ɪz nɑt ə god.”*.” ɛz ɪt ɪz ðə keɪs wɪθ ˈəðər ˈmɪstɪkəl trəˈdɪʃənz, soʊ ðə kəˈbɑlə ædz tɪ ðɪs ˈɪnˌsaɪt tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ˈmæstərz əv ðɪs ˌɛsəˈtɛrɪk hæv ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ əv ˈɪntu ðɛr ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ðə ˈɪnfənət. kwɪp ðət ðə pæθ əv ðə ˈviə lidz tɪ ðə ˈɪnˌsaɪt ðət ˈmɪstɪˌsɪzəm ənd ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm ʃeɪk hænz səkˈsɪŋktli ˈkæpʧərz ðə sɛns ðət ðə ˌprɑpəˈzɪʃən ðət gɑd kən bi dɪˈfaɪnd ˈoʊnli ɪn hɪz ˌɪndɪˈfaɪnəbəl ˈneɪʧər ɪz ɔn ə pɑr wɪθ boʊθ ðə ˈmɪstɪkəl əv ðə ˌɪˈnɛfəbəl ənd ðə ˌeɪθiˈɪstɪk læk əv bɪˈlif, ðə kənˈvɪkʃən əv feɪθ ənd ðə ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm əv daʊt. ɔn ðɪs ˈkruʃəl pɔɪnt, ə reɪnʤ əv ˈθɪŋkərz həz bɪn ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ˌɪnˈsɪstəns ðət ðə əv ˈdɪskɔrs, wɪʧ ɪz ˈkɑmən ɪn ˈmɪstɪkəl ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊniz, həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn səˈspɛktɪd əv ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli, ˈɔlsoʊ spoʊk əv kəˈbɑlə ɛz ə kaɪnd əv ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm, baɪ wɪʧ hi ˌɪnˈtɛndz ðə ðət səbˈvərts ðə əv gɑd ɛz ðə ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪkəl ˈæbsəˌlut ðət ɪz ˈfʊli ˈprɛzənt. ˈmɪstɪkəl ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm, baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ɪnˈteɪlz ə ˌpɛrəˈdɑksɪkəl rɪˈvərsəl: gɑd ɪz moʊst ˈprɛzənt ɪn ðə pleɪs frəm wɪʧ gɑd ɪz moʊst ˈæbsənt. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, ðə kleɪmz əˈbaʊt super-essentiality*, biɪŋ mɔr ðən biɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz stɪl ə ðə biɪŋ əv ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv əv wət neɪmd ontotheology*. ɔn ðə feɪs əv ɪt, ɪz kərˈɛkt ənd wi məst dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ ðə ˈlɑʤɪk əv ənd trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈnɛgətɪv θiˈɑləʤi: ɪn ðə keɪs əv ðə ˈlætər, ˈnəθɪŋ kən bi ˈspoʊkən bɪˈkəz ðə əv biɪŋ ɪz bɪɔnd ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, wɛˈræz ɪn ðə keɪs əv ðə ˈfɔrmər, ðə ˈlɪmət əv ˈlæŋgwɪʤ bɪˈspiks ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ əv wɪʧ tɪ spik, ˈniðər ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈæbsəns nɔr ðə ˈæbsəns əv ˈprɛzəns. aɪ ˈɔfər ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ðə gæp bɪtˈwin ðiz tu maɪt bi ˈnɛroʊd ɔn ðə graʊnz ðət ðə prəˈnaʊnsmənt, ˈlɪtərəli, ə speaking-away*, kəˈnoʊts nɑt ˈsɪmpli ðə ˌæfərˈmeɪʃən əv wət ɪz ˈnigeɪtɪd bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðə nəˈgeɪʃən əv wət ɪz əˈfərmd: ðə biɪŋ ðət ɪz bɪɔnd biɪŋ ɪz ə biɪŋ ˈoʊnli ˈɪnsəfɑr ɛz ɪt ɪz nɑt ə biɪŋ, ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ɪz nɑt tɪ bi. tɪ ˈɛmti ðə ˈfʊlnəs əv ˈɛmtinəs əv ðə ˈɛmtinəs əv ɪts ˈfʊlnəs ɪz ðə tæsk ðət ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈmeɪnz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈjuˈɛs. waɪ dɪz ɪt sim ðət ðə moʊst ˈrɪgərəs ˈθɪŋkərz təˈdeɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ðə ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkəl kˈwɛsʧənz ju ər ˈgræpəlɪŋ wɪθ ər ˈiðər frəm fræns ər ˈʤərməni ˈrəðər ðən əˈmɛrɪkə? ðɛr ər səm ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈθɪŋkərz ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ðɪs bʊk, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ju ər kərˈɛkt ðət ðə kɔr əv ðə bʊk dilz wɪθ ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈθɪŋkərz, hu roʊt ɪn ˈʤərmən ənd frɛnʧ. ɔn ðə moʊst ˌɛləˈmɛnəl ˈlɛvəl, maɪ ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl ˈtreɪnɪŋ wɑz praɪˈmɛrəli ɪn wət juzd tɪ bi kɔld ˌkɑntəˈnɛnəl fəˈlɑsəfi, ənd əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ənd fəˈnɑməˌnɑlɑˌgi. aɪ wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən θɔt, əˈspɛʃəli ðə ˈprægməˌtɪzəm əv ʤeɪmz, pɪrs ənd dui, ənd ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs θɔt əv ˈwaɪˌthɛd, bət ðə ˈsɛnər əv ˈgrævɪti wɑz wɪθ ˈʤərmən ənd frɛnʧ fəˈlɑsəfi əv ðə ˈnaɪnˈtinθ ənd tˈwɛnˌtiɛθ ˈsɛnʧəriz. ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪn ə ˈsəmˈwət ˈdipər ˈrɛʤɪstər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ wʊd seɪ ðət ɪn ðiz ˈmɛni ˈəðərz kʊd hæv bɪn ˈædɪd, səʧ ɛz ˈbɛnʤəmən, ɑˈdɔrnoʊ, horkheimer*, blɑk, wittgenstein*, merleau-ponty*, ʤɪst tɪ neɪm ə faɪnd, tɪ ˈjutəˌlaɪz əˈnəðər moʊˈtif, ðə unthought*, wɪʧ ɪz nɑt ðə ˈlɪmət əv wət ɪz thinkable*, ðət ɪz, ðə ənˈθɪŋkəbəl ðət kən ˈnɛvər bi θɔt, bət ðə ɪˈnɪgmə ðət laɪz æt ðə ˈsɛnər əv ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪz θɔt, ðə ˈpraɪməl ˈmɪstəri əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðət kən bi θɔt ˈoʊnli ɛz wət ɪz jɛt tɪ bi θɔt. ɪn ˈriʧɪŋ ðə pleɪs bɪɔnd ðə ˈgɪvɪŋ ənd rɪˈsivɪŋ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ɪˈkɑnəmi əv ðə gɪft, ju teɪk ðə ˈridər ˈɪntu ə steɪt əv ““givenness”*”; tɪ wət dɪˈgri ɪz ˈɛnərɪŋ ˈɪntu səʧ ə steɪt ɛkˌspɛriˈɛnʃəl fər ju ɛz ə ˈθɪŋkər ənd haʊ dɪz ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt wɪθ səʧ steɪts (ˈwɛðər θru ˈpeɪnɪŋ, ˈpoʊətri, ˌmɛdəˈteɪʃən ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) ˈɪnfluəns jʊr ˈθɪŋkɪŋ? aɪ prɪˈfər tɪ dæns ðən tɪ spik əˈbaʊt ˈdænsɪŋ. ˌɪnˈdid, ðɛr hæv bɪn ðoʊz hu hæv ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ðə ˈlætər ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl, ðət ðə əv dæns lidz wən ˌɪnˈvɛriəbli tɪ ðə ˈʤəʤmənt, tɪ dæns wən məst ˈsɪmpli dæns. ənd jɛt, ɛz ju hæv ˈrɪtən ɪn ˈmɪstɪkəl ˈvərtɪˌgoʊ 2013 ðə dæns həz sərvd səm ənd kəm tɪ ən æpt ˈmɛtəfɔr tɪ dɪˈpɪkt ðə laɪf əv ðə maɪnd. ɪn ðɪs ˈspɪrɪt, aɪ wʊd stɛp bæk ənd spik əˈbaʊt ðə dæns. aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈspɛkjələtɪv ənd ðə ɛkˌspɛriˈɛnʃəl. aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðɪs meɪ kənfˈjuz səm ˈpipəl ənd ɪt meɪ bi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər maɪ biɪŋ lɛft aʊt əv ˈsərtən grups, bət aɪ hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ðə bɪˈlif ðət ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪz ə kənˈtɛmplətɪv ˈɛksərˌsaɪz. aɪ vju ˈraɪtɪŋ, tu, ɪn ðɪs veɪn. maɪ ˌkrieɪˈtɪvəti ɪkˈsprɛsɪz ˌɪtˈsɛlf praɪˈmɛrəli ɪn θri ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp, ˈpoʊətri, ənd ˈpeɪnɪŋ. ðə ˈkɑmən dɪˈnɑməˌneɪtər əv ðiz ˈdɪspərɪt fildz əv ˈmɛntəl ækˈtɪvɪti ɪz ðət ɪn iʧ aɪ æm ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈhæbət ðət pleɪs əv no-place*, ðə pleɪs ðət aɪ kən ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ ˈoʊnli baɪ biɪŋ ˌdɪspəˈzɛst, ðə pleɪs wɛns aɪ dɪˈsərn ðət wət ɪz moʊst ˈprɑksəmət ɪz moʊst ˈdɪstənt. aɪ əkˈsɛpt ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv ðə poʊˈɛtɪk ɛz ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ðət ɪkˈsidz ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ðə fɔrm ðət teɪks ʃeɪp bɪɔnd ðə fəˈnɑmənəl ˈlɪmɪts əv ðə gæp ˈtrævərst baɪ ə ˈvərbəl lip frəm ðə ˈvɪzəbəl tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl. maɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ˈpeɪnɪŋ əˈkɔrdz wɪθ ðɪs dɪˈskrɪpʃən. ɪn ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈkələrz ɪn maɪ maɪnd, aɪ traɪ tɪ lip frəm ðə əˈpɛrənt tɪ ðə inapparent*, wɪʧ ɪz nɑt səm ˈhɪdən ˈɑbʤɛkt bət ˈrəðər ðə ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl əv ðə ˈvɪzəbəl, ðə ðət ˈɛvəri ækt əv siɪŋ. jʊr ˈfluənsi ɪn ðə dɪˈvərs fəˈlɑsəfiz əv wərld riˈlɪʤənz ɪz astounding—*— frəm ðə ˈmɪstɪkəl əv ˌmɑhəˈjɑnə ˈbudɪzəm tɪ ðə ˈrædɪkəl θiˈɑləʤi əv ˈpitər wərk ɪn ðə ˈimərʤɪŋ ʧərʧ ˈmuvmənt tɪ ˌɔˈri wərk ɪn ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈmɪstɪˌsɪzəm. tɪ wət dɪˈgri dɪz ðə ˈpɔrəs ˈneɪʧər əv ˈʤudiˌɪzəm əˈfɛkt jʊr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ bi æt hoʊm ɪn soʊ ˈmɛni trəˈdɪʃənz waɪl rɪˈteɪnɪŋ ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈdɪstəns ɛz ə ˈθɪŋkər? aɪ juzd tɪ seɪ tɪ maɪ ˈstudənts ðət ɪt teɪks ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm tɪ noʊ wət ˈʤudiˌɪzəm ɪz nɑt. aɪ hæv ˈlɪtəl daʊt ðət ðə ˈpɔrəs ˈneɪʧər əv ˈʤudiˌɪzəm həz ˌɪnˈspaɪərd mi sɪns ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd tɪ ˌɪnˈhæbət ðə speɪs əv ˈməltəpəl ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈjunəˌvərsɪz. aɪ wɑz ˈrɛdɪŋ fəˈlɑsəfi, saɪˈkɑləʤi, ənd ðə ˈskrɪpʧərz əv ˈəðər rɪˈlɪʤəs trəˈdɪʃənz frəm ə ˈrɛlətɪvli jəŋ eɪʤ. ɪn ðə kɔrs əv taɪm, aɪ bɪˈgæn tɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðət ðə ˈbɔrdərz əv ˈʤudiˌɪzəm ər ˈpərˌmiəbəl. ˌɪnˈdid, ɛz aɪ hæv ˈɑrgjud ɪn prɪnt, wət ɪz ““outside”*” æt wən hɪˈstɔrɪkəl steɪʤ bɪˈkəmz əˈproʊpriˌeɪtɪd ənd əˈsɪməˌleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ““inside”*” æt əˈnəðər. ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃən ənd əv ən ɪkˈstərnəl ˈɪnfluəns əˈkərz baɪ minz əv ə kriˈeɪtɪv lip θru wɪʧ ðə ˈbaʊndəriz ər ˈtrævərst, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ðə diˌsteɪbələˈzeɪʃən əv ðə daɪˈkɑtəmi. tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ðɪs diˌsteɪbələˈzeɪʃən ɪz ˈmɑləˌfaɪd ənd ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd bɪˈkəmz ˌɪnˈsaɪd, ðə ˈbæləns ɪz riˈgeɪnd ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli soʊ ðət fər ðə ˈmoʊmənt wən noʊz ˈbɛrɪŋz. ɪn ðə ˈprɛfəs tɪ ˈoʊpən ˈsikrɪt, aɪ rɪˈmɑrkt ðət baɪ ˈdɪgɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə sɔɪl əv ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈkəlʧərəl ˈmeɪtrɪks wən meɪ ənˈkəvər ruts ðət lɛd tɪ ˈəðərz. aɪ hæv rɪˈmeɪnd ˈstɛdˌfæstli kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ðɪs hermeneutic*. maɪ ˈtiʧɪŋ ənd ˈraɪtɪŋ ər ˈæŋkərd ɪn ðə bɪˈlif ðət ðə ˈkɑmən ruts səˈsteɪn ˈrəðər ðən dɪˈmɪnɪʃ ðə rɪʧ ənd əv iʧ pæθ.

this week “heidegger hysteria” reaches american shores with the release of the sequestered black notebooks [schwarzen hefte]of thisgerman philosopher, confirming his “deep-rooted and unambiguous” anti-semitism. and yet, as much as martin heidegger is scorned for his nazi sympathies, he remains one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century. i would maintain that all serious jewish philosophy must grapple with articulating a relationship between self and other in the shadow of heidegger’s concept of being [dasein]—just as every contemporary jewish thinker inevitably must engage this ongoing tension in theudy of religion between the political and the philosophical. i recently corresponded with renowned scholar of jewish mysticism and philosophy, elliot r. wolfson, whose remarkable giving beyond the gift: apophasis and overcoming theomania has recently come out from fordham press, about—among a range other things—the implications of the heidegger revelations for jewish philosophy and scholarship. the scope of wolfson’s recent contributions to modern jewish philosophy is simply astounding; in particular, i’m thinking of his comparative analysis of chabad hasidism and mahayana buddhism in open secret: postmessianic messianism and the mystical revision of menahẹm mendel schneerson (2009), and hisudy of the imagination in jewish mysticism and psychoanalysis in a dream interpreted within a dream: oneiropoiesis and the prism of imagination (2011), both of which will sustain generations of thinkers to come. in wolfson’s new book, which will surely become a touchstone for generations of interpreters, he alerts us to the danger of what martin buber aptly calls theomania—the obsession with thinking about god, bordering on idolatry. our conversation of decades now recently came to a head in e-mail with this pinnacle publication, and has been edited for length, in what follows: to begin, how do the recent revelations about heidegger’s black notebooks affect your own philosophical thinking as a jew and what does it mean (if anything) for the next generation of jewish thinkers, “heidegger’s children”? i have not yet examined the recently published diaries of heidegger and i am loathe to draw any definitive conclusion based on the few journalistic accounts that i have read. i will say, however, that the charges of heidegger’s anti-semitism and his involvement with the nazi party are obviously not new. in the diaries, we apparently find more evidence of the use of insidious anti-semitic tropes regarding the rootless jews, who allegedly play a crucial role in the international conspiracies of both capitalism and communism. heidegger’s misguided and vile attitude to the jews is substantiated by other texts from this period. for example, in the protocols of the seminar “on the essence and concept of nature, history, andate” (1933-34), after discussing the intricate relationship of homeland, fatherland, and theate, heidegger weighs in on theatus of nomads, deploying particularly disparaging words about “semitic nomads” to whom the nature of the “german space” will never be revealed. it lies beyond the scope of this interview to treat this complex and sensitive topic, but let me say unequivocally that i have no intention of rationalizing or excusing heidegger’s unnerving rhetoric. heidegger’s moral shortcomings and political blunders attested in his explicit complicity with national socialism are well known and cannot be easily justified or dismissed as innocuous miscalculations based on insufficient knowledge. the misdeeds and lapses in judgment were deliberate and reflect poorly on heidegger. as great a thinker as he was, he fell prey to the cultural psychosis that gripped so many germans during this dark time. to add insult to injury, he never publicly acknowledged his failings. and yet, i believe it is excessively reductive to evaluate his thought simply in light of historical circumstances and the existential decisions they elicited. i cannot accept, for instance, levinas’s categorical assertion that heidegger’s philosophy rests on a “peasant enrootedness” that glorifies the “pagan” existence emblematic of nazism or his conviction that the barbarism of the latterems from an elemental evil inscribed within the ontology of being to which heidegger wasill beholden. regardless of the position one takes with regard to the relationship of the political and the philosophical, the gift of heideggerian thought has been enormous, and so, too, the debt of those seized by the haunting reverberations of his voice, including the so-called children of heidegger, that is, the impressive aggregate of jewishudents. and so it is with my own work on jewish mysticism. over the course of these many years, i have availed myself of certain themes in heidegger’s oeuvre to elucidate aspects of kabbalistic esotericism and hermeneutics. let me note, finally, and perhaps most provocatively, that in both heidegger and the kabbalists we find a privileging of a particular language as disclosive of the nature of being and the consequent affirmation of a unique cultural destiny of a particular ethnos, a position that harbors the potential for the disvaluing of others under the guise of racial inferiority. to date, no one has had the courage to draw this comparison. in a forthcoming monograph on heidegger and the kabbalah, i hope to elaborate this point. suffice it here to cite the arresting words from dylan’s john brown, “but the thing that scared me most was when my enemy came close / and i saw that his face looked just like mine.” by reading jewish texts through the lens of heidegger and reading heidegger through the lens of jewish texts, my hope has been to rectify their respective indiscretions. one of heidegger’s most prized children, hannah arendt, in her essay, entitled, “the jew as pariah: a hidden tradition” (1944), once classified the true thinker as either the parvenu who betrays her people outright, or as the pariah who holds them up to be more than the present, but your thinkingrikes me as beyond those categories— why? i certainly do not think of myself as a parvenu but sometimes pariah does seem to fit my lot in life as one for whom being inside has consisted of being outside. if i may quote my own analysis in the third chapter of venturing beyond: law and morality in jewish mysticism (2006) of the dialogue between the doorkeeper and the old man in kafka’s famous parable “before the law”, “this is the lesson the priest set out to teach k. through the parable: the obsessive desire to get out from under the authority of law is equivalent to the intractable urge to enter the door through which one would access the law that cannot be accessed. the man is outside the law not because he wants to go in … but precisely because he is already inside, that is, the inside is the vantage point from which he imagines that he is outside.” for many years now, i have belonged to the community by not-belonging. maybe that is the key to your depicting my thinking as beyond. to be precise, i have sought to extend beyond the beyond, inasmuch as the category of the beyondill presumes the polarity of interior and exterior, or in a different terminological register, the beyond is a spatial demarcation of transcendence that is to be distinguished from immanence. my path has been marked by the effort to transcend transcendence, which is to say, to collapse the distinction and thus to entertain the possibility of transcendence that is immanent and of immanence that is transcendent. to walk this path—the line that is no line—is to venture beyond the beyond. here we might recall that the term “hebrew,” ivri, likely reflects an etymology, also found in rabbinic literature, derived exegetically from the scriptural verses “in ancient times, your forefathers—terah, father of abraham and father of nahor—lived beyond the river [me-ever ha-nahar] and worshiped other gods. but i took your father abraham from beyond the river and led him through the whole land of canaan and multiplied his offspring” (joshua 24:2-3). to be identified as an ivri, a hebrew, means that one has descended from abraham who sojourned to canaan from mesopotamia, which is on the other side of the euphrates. interpreting the text gnostically, this is no longer simply a topographical demarcation; it is, primarily, a symbolic taxonomy that denotes that the jew is the quintessential other, not in a politico-geographic sense of dwelling in a land that is not indigenously one’s own, but in an ethno-cultural sense of being the minority that resists but at the same time helps to fortify the hegemony of the majority. to be a hebrew, in short, is to be the one who bears the sense of difference that delineates the contours of the same. from the gnostic perspective, this inessentiality is the essence of what it is to be jewish. centuries later derrida gave voice to this sentiment in his explication of celan’s view that the jew does not possess any innate properties: “the jew is also the other, myself and the other; i am jewish in saying: the jew is the other who has no essence, who has nothing of his own or whose own essence is not to have one.” you have written about and reflected at length about the possibility of jewish philosophy and its canon. what inspired your current engagement with theomania and apophasis, and what implications does it have for philosophy of religion at large? my interest in apophasis, or negative theology, is long-standing, going back to my earlyudies of neoplatonism and its impact on the philosophical and mystical currents of judaism, christianity, and islam. early on, i was alsoruck by the apophatic dimensions found in hinduism, taoism, and some forms of buddhism. myudy of kabbalistic and hasidic texts only reinforced this interest. based on the many years of reflecting on the apophatic, i came to the conclusion that recent attempts to harness the apophatic tradition of western neoplatonism together with derridean deconstruction in order to construct a viable postmodern negative theology— a religion without religion—are not radical enough! not only are these philosophies of transcendence guilty of a turn to theology that defies the phenomenological presupposition of an immanent phenomenality, but they fall short on their own terms, since they persist in employing metaphorical language that personalizes transcendence and thereby run the risk of undermining the irreducible alterity and invisibility attributed to the transcendent other. the logic of apophasis, if permitted to run its course without the intervention of preexisting theological beliefs, would surpass the metaphysical dyad of presence and absence in the atheological unmasking of the mask and the consequent transcending of the need to posit some form of transcendence that is not ultimately a facet of immanence, a something more that is not in fact merely another expression of the totality of what there is, provided we understand that totality as the network of indefinite and ever-evolving patterns of interconnectivity rather than as a fixed system of predictable and quantifiable data. apophatic theologies, accordingly, must be supplanted by a more far-reaching apophasis that surpasses the theolatrous impulse that lies coiled in the crux of theism, an apophasis of the apophasis, based on the acceptance of an absolute nothingness—to be distinguished from the nothingness of an absolute—that does not signify the unknowable one but the manifold that is the pleromatic abyss at being’s core, the zero gravitational energy of empty space, the effluent emptiness that is the womb of all becoming. on this score, the much celebrated metaphor of the gift would give way to the more neutral and less theologically charged notion of an unconditional givenness in which the distinction between giver and given collapses. to think givenness in its most elemental phenomenological sense is to allow the apparent to appear as given without presuming a causal agency that would turn that given into a gift. this, i hope, will be this book’s contribution to the philosophy of religion at large, and it is with respect to this ungifting of the gift that my indebtedness to heidegger (and to derrida, who is similarly indebted to heidegger) is most discernible. as i suggest in the sixth chapter, heidegger’s idea of es gibt, “it gives,” implies a giving without any agency of givenness, that is, a giving that gives with no will to give and no desire to be given. your thinking about modern jewish philosophy attends to classic thinkers as well as those thinking in the margins (like derrida and wyschogrod). to what degree are you seeking to speak to those who are entangled in the encounter between mysticism and atheism? how do you feel this kind of radical, mystical apophatic thinking might reach out and “shake hands with atheism”? i trust that my book will implore others to expand the boundaries of modern and postmodern jewish thought, although i also continue to desire that the book will be of interest to a broader audience, that the thinking at play will not be ghettoized as of relevance only toudents of modern jewish thought. needless to say, i could have included many other thinkers in this volume. i did not operate with any principle of inclusion or exclusion, but i would assent to your singling out the place of atheism and especially its curious connection to mysticism as an important catalyst in my effort to articulate a vibrant jewish thinking beyond the binary of theism and atheism. a number of thinkers have reached the conclusion that the aniconic ramification of the monotheistic creed is the undoing and demythologization of theism whence it follows that the final iconoclastic achievement of monotheism would call for destroying the idol of the very god personified as the deity that must be worshipped without being idolized. levinas had this in mind when he wrote in totality and infinity that monotheistic faith implies a metaphysical atheism, that is, the true expression of monotheism requires one to divest the notion of god of all mythic personifications and all positive characterizations. in the profoundly ironic formulation of henri atlan, “the ultimate idol is the personal god of theology . . . the only discourse about god that is not idolatrous is necessarily an atheistic discourse. alternatively, whatever the discourse, the only god who is not an idol is a god who is not a god.” as it is the case with other mystical traditions, so the kabbalah adds to this insight to the extent that masters of this esoteric gnosis have incorporated the apophatic heritage of neoplatonism into their experience and description of the infinite. rosenzweig’s quip that the path of the via negativa leads to the insight that mysticism and atheism shake hands succinctly captures the sense that the proposition that god can be defined only in his indefinable nature is notionally on a par with both the mystical avowal of the ineffable and the atheistic lack of belief, the conviction of faith and the skepticism of doubt. on this crucial point, a range of thinkers has been influenced by derrida’s insistence that the unsaying of apophatic discourse, which is common in mystical testimonies, has always been suspected of atheism. interestingly, derrida also spoke of kabbalah as a kind of atheism, by which he intends the polysemic indeterminacy that subverts the monosemic essentializing of god as the metaphysical absolute that is fully present. mystical atheism, by contrast, entails a paradoxical reversal: god is most present in the place from which god is most absent. nevertheless, the apophatic claims about god’s super-essentiality, god’s being more than being, which isill a being—albeit the being of nonbeing—are indicative of what heidegger named ontotheology. on the face of it, derrida is correct and we must distinguish the deconstructive logic of dénégation and traditional negative theology: in the case of the latter, nothing can be spoken because the infinitude of being is beyond language, whereas in the case of the former, the limit of language bespeaks that there is nothing of which to speak, neither the presence of absence nor the absence of presence. i offer the possibility that the gap between these two worldviews might be narrowed on the grounds that the apophatic pronouncement, literally, a speaking-away, connotes not simply the affirmation of what is negated but also the negation of what is affirmed: the being that is beyond being is a being only insofar as it is not a being—its being, in other words, is not to be. to empty the fullness of emptiness of the emptiness of its fullness is the task that always remains before us. why does it seem that the most rigorous thinkers today engaged in the philosophical theological questions you are grappling with are either from france or germany rather than america? there are some important american thinkers engaged in this book, although you are correct that the core of the book deals with european thinkers, who wrote in german and french. on the most elemental level, my philosophical training was primarily in what used to be called continental philosophy, and especially in hermeneutics and phenomenology. i was also interested in american thought, especially the pragmatism of james, peirce and dewey, and in the anglo-saxon process thought of whitehead, but the center of gravity was with german and french philosophy of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. thinking about the question in a somewhat deeper register, however, i would say that in these thinkers—and many others could have been added, such as benjamin, adorno, horkheimer, bloch, wittgenstein, merleau-ponty, just to name a few—we find, to utilize another heideggerian motif, the unthought, which is not the limit of what is thinkable, that is, the unthinkable that can never be thought, but the enigma that lies at the center of whatever is thought, the primal mystery of thinking that can be thought only as what is yet to be thought. in reaching the place beyond the giving and receiving exchange economy of the gift, you take the reader into aate of “givenness”; to what degree is entering into such aate experiential for you as a thinker and how does engagement with suchates (whether through painting, poetry, meditation etc.) influence your thinking? i prefer to dance than to speak about dancing. indeed, there have been those who have insisted that the latter is impossible, that the singularity of dance leads one invariably to the tautological judgment, to dance one must simply dance. and yet, as you have written in mystical vertigo (2013), the dance has served some thinkers—nietzsche and badiou come to mind—as an apt metaphor to depict the life of the mind. in this spirit, i wouldep back and speak about the dance. i have never separated the speculative and the experiential. i realize this may confuse some people and it may be responsible for my being left out of certain groups, but i have always been committed to the belief that thinking is a contemplative exercise. i view writing, too, in this vein. my creativity expresses itself primarily in three domains—philosophical scholarship, poetry, and painting. the common denominator of these disparate fields of mental activity is that in each i am seeking to inhabit that place of no-place, the place that i can occupy only by being dispossessed, the place whence i discern that what is most proximate is most distant. i accept the notion of the poetic as the language that exceeds language, the nonphenomenal form that takes shape beyond the phenomenal limits of the metaphoric—an unbridgeable gap traversed by a verbal leap from the visible to the invisible. my experience of painting accords with this description. in listening to the colors in my mind, i try to leap from the apparent to the inapparent, which is not some hidden object but rather the invisible of the visible, the unseeing that enframes every act of seeing. your fluency in the diverse philosophies of world religions is astounding— from the tetralemic mystical hermeneutics of mahayana buddhism to the radical theology of peter rollin’s work in the emerging church movement to henri corbin’s work in islamic mysticism. to what degree does the porous nature of judaism affect your ability to be at home in so many traditions while retaining a critical distance as a thinker? i used to say to myudents that it takes a lifetime to know what judaism is not. i have little doubt that the porous nature of judaism has inspired me since childhood to inhabit the space of multiple intellectual universes. i was reading philosophy, psychology, and the scriptures of other religious traditions from a relatively young age. in the course of time, i began to appreciate that the borders of judaism are permeable. indeed, as i have argued in print, what is “outside” at one historicalage becomes appropriated and assimilated to the “inside” at another. the process of appropriation and internalization of an external influence occurs by means of a creative leap through which the boundaries are traversed, resulting in the destabilization of the inside-outside dichotomy. to the extent that this destabilization is mollified and the outside becomes inside, the balance is regained temporarily so that for the moment one knows one’s bearings. in the preface to open secret, i remarked that by digging into the soil of a specific cultural matrix one may uncover roots that lead to others. i have remainedeadfastly committed to this hermeneutic. my teaching and writing are anchored in the belief that the common roots sustain rather than diminish the rich and irreducible singularity of each path.

ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr wət ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt ɛz ə ˈhæpi əˈkeɪʒən tʊk ən ˈəgli tərn fər ə grup əv ˈwɛdɪŋ ˈrɛvələrz ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ (ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1 ˈmɔrnɪŋ wɪn ə ˈpərsən əˈlɛʤədli faɪərd ˈpɛləts æt ðə ˈviɪkəlz. ðə ˈɪnsədənt əˈkərd əraʊnd æt blɑk 762 ˈwʊˌdlændz ˈævəˌnu 6 ʧaɪˈniz ˈivnɪŋ ˈdeɪli ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. tu ˈviɪkəlz wər hɪt baɪ ˈpɛləts ðət strək ðə ənd freɪmz əv ðə kɑz mɛnt tɪ fɛʧ ðə braɪd. ðə pəˈlis toʊld ðə streɪts taɪmz ðət ðeɪ wər əˈlərtɪd tɪ ə keɪs əv ˈmɪsʧəf æt ə ˌbiˈsaɪd blɑk 762 ˈwʊˌdlændz ˈævəˌnu 6 æt 7.45am*. ˌəndərˈstændz ðət ˈmɛtəl ˈpɛləts wər faʊnd æt ðə sin. ðeɪ ər bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ðə sɔrt faʊnd frəm ɛr gənz. noʊ wən wɑz ˈɪnʤərd. wɪn əraɪvd æt ðə sin, mɔr ðən 10 pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz ənd ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz hæd ˈkɔrdənd ɔf ðə ˈɛriə. ˈpɛlət hoʊlz wər ˈklɪrli ˈvɪzəbəl ɔn ə waɪt ənd ˈsɪlvər kɑr, wɪʧ wər ˌfɛˈstund wɪθ ˈwɛdɪŋ ˌdɛkərˈeɪʃənz. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri mæn faɪnd fər dɪˈspleɪɪŋ θˈrɛtənɪŋ bɪˈheɪvjər baɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ aʊt ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ˈrɛplɪkə gən ðə ˈsɪlvər kɑr bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ˈmɪstər lju yuanqi*, ə hu wərks ɪn ðə ɪt ˈɪndəstri. hi toʊld ðət ˈsɛvən droʊv faɪv kɑz tɪ ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən tɪ ˈɛskɔrt ðə braɪd. waɪl ðeɪ wər pleɪɪŋ geɪmz ˈdaʊnˈstɛrz, wən əv ðə ˈbraɪdzˌmeɪdz hərd ə ˈʃutɪŋ saʊnd. ˈmɪstər lju sɛd: "aɪ ˈhərid ənd ʧɛkt maɪ kɑr ənd faʊnd ðət ðə kɑr ˈwɪndoʊ wɑz ˈbroʊkən. æt fərst aɪ θɔt ɪt wɑz ʤɪst mi hu gɑt hɪt, bət maɪ frɛndz kɑr wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ʃɑt." hɪz frɛnd, ˈmɪstər li jinyong*, ə ˈstɑkˌbroʊkər, sɛd hɪz waɪt kɑr rɪˈsivd æt list sɪks ʃɑts. ˈmɪstər lju sɛd ðɛr wər æt list 17 ˈpipəl ˈprɛzənt wɪn ðə ʃɑts wər faɪərd. "aɪv hərd ðət səʧ ˈpɛləts kən bi kwaɪt ˈdɛdli, ɪt kən ˈivɪn ʃut θru ðə kɑr ˈwɪndoʊ, ɪts soʊ ˈdeɪnʤərəs," hi sɛd. "ˈləkəli, noʊ wən wɑz hərt ənd ðə ˈbraɪdəl kɑr wɑz nɑt hɪt, ˈəðərˌwaɪz ðə ˈwɛdɪŋ ˈkænɑt goʊ θru ɛz plænd." hi sɛd ðeɪ wər nɑt ˈæŋʃəs əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈviɪkəlz bət ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈwərid ðeɪ kʊd nɑt əˈtɛnd ðɛr gʊd frɛndz ˈwɛdɪŋ lənʧ ˈbæŋkwət, ɛz ðeɪ steɪd tɪ eɪd ɪn pəˈlis ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz. ə ˈrɛzɪdənt hu lɪvz ɪn ðə nɛkst blɑk, blɑk 761 toʊld ðə streɪts taɪmz ðət ʃi hərd ə grup əv ˈwɪmən ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈvɛri laʊd nɔɪz fər əˈbaʊt 15 ˈmɪnəts. sɛd ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri skul ˈtiʧər hu geɪv hər neɪm ˈoʊnli ɛz ˈmædəm noor*: hir ðə kɑz ˈhɔŋkɪŋ. ʤɪst ə lɔt əv ˈleɪdiz ˈʧɪrɪŋ rɪˈpitɪdli. ðeɪ wər ˈvɛri laʊd ənd aɪ noʊ wət ðə nɔɪz wɑz about.”*.” ˈmædəm noor*, hu ʃɛrd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ðə pəˈlis ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˈdaʊnˈstɛrz, sɛd ˈhæpənz ɪn hər ˈneɪbərˌhʊd θri ər fɔr months”*”. fju mənθs bæk, ðɛr wɑz ðə seɪm θɪŋ, bət wɪθ ˈvɛri laʊd ˈhɔŋkɪŋ," ʃi sɛd. "ˈmeɪbi ðə seɪm ˈrɛzɪdənt gɑt ˈɪrəˌteɪtəd. ɪt simz ðət ˈvɛri ˈərli ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz nɑt ˈivɪn bət ˈərliər ðən that.”*.” pəˈlis ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ər ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ.

singapore - what started out as a happy occasion took an ugly turn for a group of wedding revellers on saturday (july 1) morning when a person allegedly fired pellets at the groomsmen's vehicles. the incident occurred around 7am at block 762, woodlands avenue 6, chinese evening daily lianhe wanbao reported on saturday. two vehicles were hit by pellets that struck the windscreens and frames of the cars meant to fetch the bride. the police told the straits times that they were alerted to a case of mischief at a carpark beside block 762, woodlands avenue 6, at 7.45am. st understands that metal pellets were found at the scene. they are believed to be the sort found from air guns. no one was injured. when wanbao arrived at the scene, more than 10 police officers and investigators had cordoned off the area. pellet holes were clearly visible on a white and silver car, which were festooned with wedding decorations. related story man fined $1,000 for displaying threatening behaviour by taking out realistic replica gun the silver car belongs to mr liu yuanqi, a 31-year-old who works in the it industry. he told wanbao that seven groomsmen drove five cars to the location to escort the bride. while they were playing gatecrashing games downstairs, one of the bridesmaids heard a shooting sound. mr liu said: "i hurried and checked my car and found that the car window was broken. at first i thought it was just me who got hit, but my friend's car was also shot." his friend, mr li jinyong, a 31-year-old stockbroker, said his white car received at least six shots. mr liu said there were at least 17 people present when the shots were fired. "i've heard that such pellets can be quite deadly, it can even shoot through the car window, it's so dangerous," he said. "luckily, no one was hurt and the bridal car was not hit, otherwise the wedding cannot go through as planned." he said they were not anxious about their vehicles but instead worried they could not attend their good friend's wedding lunch banquet, as they stayed to aid in police investigations. a resident who lives in the next block, block 761, told the straits times that she heard a group of women making a very loud noise for about 15 minutes. said the 43-year-old primary school teacher who gave her name only as madam noor: “i hear the cars honking. just a lot of ladies cheering repeatedly. they were very loud and i don’t know what the noise was about.” madam noor, who shared photos of the police investigating downstairs, said gatecrashing happens in her neighbourhood “every three or four months”. “a few months back, there was the same thing, but with very loud honking," she said. "maybe the same resident got irritated. it seems that very early in the morning - sometimes not even 7am but earlier than that.” police investigations are ongoing.

ə flaɪt əˈtɛndənt ˈwərkɪŋ fər əˈlæskə ˈɛˌrlaɪnz həz bɪn preɪzd ˈæftər dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ haʊ hər kwɪk ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈlaʊd ə jəŋ ˈpæsənʤər tɪ ɪˈskeɪp ðə ˈkləʧɪz əv ə ˈjumən ˈtræfɪkər. ˈʃɪljə ˈfɛdrɪk, 49 wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə flaɪt frəm siˈætəl tɪ sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ɪn 2011 wɪn ʃi ˈnoʊtɪst ə ˈtiˌneɪʤ gərl, ˈeɪʤɪd əraʊnd 14 ˈtrævəlɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈoʊldər mæn. ðə gərl hæd ˈgrisi blɑnd hɛr ənd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈfɛdrɪk, "lʊkt laɪk ʃi hæd bɪn θru pjʊr hɛl". ˈspikɪŋ tɪ wtsp*, ˈfɛdrɪk sɛd ʃi traɪd tɪ spik tɪ ðə pɛr bət ðə gərl rɪˈmeɪnd ˈsaɪlənt ənd ðə mæn rɪˈspɑndɪd dɪˈfɛnsɪvli. ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈɛˌrlaɪnz ˈspikɪŋ ˈəndər hər brɛθ, ˈfɛdrɪk ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd ðə gərl tɪ ˈvɪzɪt wən əv ðə pleɪnz ˈtɔɪləts, wɛr ʃi lɛft ə noʊt fər hər ɔn ðə ˈmɪrər. ðə gərl lɛft ə ˈmɛsɪʤ ɪn ðə seɪm pleɪs kənˈfərmɪŋ ðət ʃi ˈnidɪd hɛlp. ˈfɛdrɪk ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ðə ˈpaɪlət, hu əˈlərtɪd pəˈlis. ˈɔfɪsərz wər ˈweɪtɪŋ æt ðə ˈtərmənəl wɪn ðə pleɪn əraɪvd ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ənd ɪt wɑz ˈsəbsəkwəntli dɪˈskəvərd ðət ðə gərl wɑz ðə ˈvɪktɪm əv ˈjumən ˈtræfɪkɪŋ. ˈfɛdrɪk sɛd: bɪn ə flaɪt əˈtɛndənt fər 10 jɪrz ənd laɪk aɪ æm goʊɪŋ ɔl ðə weɪ bæk tɪ wɪn aɪ wɑz ɪn ˈtreɪnɪŋ. "ənd aɪ wɑz laɪk, aɪ kʊd hæv sin ðiz jəŋ gərlz ənd jəŋ bɔɪz ənd ˈivɪn noʊ. ɪf ju si ˈsəmθɪŋ, seɪ something.”*.” ˈfɛdrɪk ɪz stɪl ɪn təʧ wɪθ ðə gərl, hu ɪz naʊ əˈtɛndɪŋ ˈkɑlɪʤ: "aɪ pʊt maɪ foʊn ˈnəmbər ɔn ðə noʊt ðət aɪ lɛft fər hər ənd aɪ gɛs ʃi ɪt, soʊ ə fju wiks ˈleɪtər, ʃi kɔld mi," ʃi sɛd. ɪn 2016 ˈpipəl wər ərˈɛstɪd fər ˈjumən ˈtræfɪkɪŋ baɪ ˈjuˈɛs ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ənd ˈkəstəmz ɛnˈfɔrsmənt, wɪθ 400 ˈvɪktɪmz frid.

a flight attendant working for alaska airlines has been praised after describing how her quick thinking allowed a young passenger to escape the clutches of a human trafficker. shelia fedrick, 49, was working on a flight from seattle to san francisco in 2011 when she noticed a teenage girl, aged around 14, travelling with a well-dressed older man. the girl had greasy blonde hair and, according to fedrick, "looked like she had been through pure hell". speaking to wtsp, fedrick said she tried to speak to the pair - but the girl remained silent and the man responded defensively. credit: alaksa airlines speaking under her breath, fedrick instructed the girl to visit one of the plane's toilets, where she left a note for her on the mirror. the girl left a message in the same place confirming that she needed help. fedrick informed the pilot, who alerted police. officers were waiting at the terminal when the plane arrived in san francisco and it was subsequently discovered that the girl was the victim of human trafficking. fedrick said: “i’ve been a flight attendant for 10 years and it’s like i am going all the way back to when i was in training. "and i was like, i could have seen these young girls and young boys and didn’t even know. if you see something, say something.” fedrick is still in touch with the girl, who is now attending college: "i put my phone number on the note that i left for her and i guess she memorised it, so a few weeks later, she called me," she said. in 2016, 2,000 people were arrested for human trafficking by us immigration and customs enforcement, with 400 victims freed.

ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz hæv ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd nɑt tɪ prɛs ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst tu ˈfɔrmər ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz æt ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈvɛtərənz əˈfɛrz hu wər əˈkjuzd əv məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈhaɪrɪŋ ˈsɪstəm fər ðɛr oʊn geɪn. ðə juz. əˈtərniz ˈɔfəs fər ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt əv kəˈləmbiə sɛd ˈθərzˌdeɪ ɪt həz dɪˈklaɪnd ə rɪˈfərəl frəm ðə ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl fər ˈkrɪmənəl ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən əv daɪˈænə ˈrubənz ənd ˈkɪmbərli greɪvz. ðə ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl sɛd ɪn ə rɪˈpɔrt ðɪs fɔl ðət ˈrubənz ənd greɪvz fɔrst ˈriʤənəl ˈmænɪʤərz tɪ əkˈsɛpt ʤɑb ˈtrænsfərz əˈgɛnst ðɛr wɪl. ˈrubənz ənd greɪvz ðɛn stɛpt ˈɪntu ðə ˈveɪkənt pəˈzɪʃənz ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ˈkipɪŋ ðɛr peɪ waɪl rɪˈdusɪŋ ðɛr riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz. ˈrubənz hæd bɪn ˈərnɪŋ ɛz dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ˈriʤənəl ˈɔfəs fər ðə ˈvɛtərənz ˈbɛnəfɪts ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, waɪl greɪvz ərnd ɛz ˈlidər əv ðə st*. pɔl, ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə, ˈriʤənəl ˈɔfəs. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈriʤənəl ʤɑbz, ˈrubənz wɑz ə ˈdɛpjəti ˌəndərˈsɛkrɪˌtɛri æt ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz, waɪl greɪvz wɑz dɪˈrɛktər əv nɔrθ əˈtlæntɪk ˈriʤən. ˈrubənz ənd greɪvz wər əˈkjuzd əv əbˈteɪnɪŋ mɔr ðən ɪn kˈwɛsʧənəbəl ˈmuvɪŋ ɪkˈspɛnsɪz θru ə ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən ˈproʊˌgræm fər ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz, ðə ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəlz rɪˈpɔrt sɛd. ðə juz. əˈtərniz ˈɔfəs sɛd ɪt həz "rɪˈfərd ðə ˈmætər tɪ ðə fər ˈɛni ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˈækʃən ðət ɪz dimd əˈproʊpriˌeɪt."

washington — federal prosecutors have decided not to press criminal charges against two former executives at the department of veterans affairs who were accused of manipulating the agency's hiring system for their own gain. the u.s. attorney's office for the district of columbia said thursday it has declined a referral from the va inspector general for criminal prosecution of diana rubens and kimberly graves. the inspector general said in a report this fall that rubens and graves forced lower-ranking regional managers to accept job transfers against their will. rubens and graves then stepped into the vacant positions themselves, keeping their pay while reducing their responsibilities. rubens had been earning $181,497 as director of the philadelphia regional office for the veterans benefits administration, while graves earned $173,949 as leader of the st. paul, minnesota, regional office. before taking the regional jobs, rubens was a deputy undersecretary at the va's washington headquarters, while graves was director of vba's 14-state north atlantic region. rubens and graves were accused of obtaining more than $400,000 in questionable moving expenses through a relocation program for va executives, the inspector general's report said. the u.s. attorney's office said it has "referred the matter to the va for any administrative action that is deemed appropriate."

fərˈgɛt ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈreɪsɪŋ geɪmz fər ə ˈmoʊmənt ənd ˌɪˈmæʤən ə geɪm ɪn wɪʧ ju kʊd bɪld jʊr kɑr frəm ðə graʊnd əp ənd pərˈfɔrm ˈɪnfənət mods*. ju kʊd tɛst jʊr kɑr ˈæftər sˈwɑpɪŋ pɑrts, ʃoʊ ɔf jʊr raɪd ənd reɪs ˈəðər pleɪərz. ju maɪt bi ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðɪs saʊnz ən ˈɔfəl lɔt laɪk strit ˈligəl ˈreɪsɪŋ, ənd raɪt. strit ˈtunɪŋ ˌɛvəˈluʃən wɪl bi ðə ˈsikwəl tɪ wɪθ ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɔl əraʊnd. ɪf ˌənfəˈmɪljər wɪθ ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈvɪdioʊ bɪˈloʊ: ðə dɪˈvɛləpər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ɪz. ɪt ɪz meɪd əv əˈbaʊt 50 ˈpipəl hu hæv ə ˈpæʃən fər kɑz ənd ˈgeɪmɪŋ ənd hæv bɪn ɪn ˈbɪznɪs sɪns 1992 gɑt ə lɔŋ ˈhɪstəri əv dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ kɑr geɪmz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hit ˈɔnˌlaɪn ənd 1nsane*. wɪn wi hərd wɑz ˈgɪtɪŋ ə ˈsikwəl wi hæd tɪ noʊ mɔr, soʊ gɑt ɪn təʧ wɪθ kəmˈjunɪti ˈmænɪʤər, deɪv sɪŋ. hir ɪz wət hi hæd tɪ seɪ: kɔrt: ɛz ju noʊ, ɔl ə bənʧ əv hir, soʊ gɪt ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈbeɪsɪks. wət wɑz ju fərst kɑr? dɪd ju wərk ɔn ɪt yourself?‏*?‏ deɪv: fərst kɑr wɑz ə rɛd ˈbiˌɛmˈdəbəlju 1987 :d‏*‏ wɛl ɪt wɑz maɪ fərst ‘‘real’*’ kɑr. aɪ gɛs ðə ˈoʊldzmoʊˌbil maɪ mɑm geɪv mi wɑz maɪ fərst kɑr bət ðɛr məʧ tɪ seɪ əˈbaʊt ðət aɪ dɪd jɛs, bət aɪ hæv ɪt lɔŋ, aɪ gɑt ə waɪt ˈbiˌɛmˈdəbəlju ˈæftər ðət, wɪʧ ɪz ðə kɑr aɪ stɪl hæv naʊ ˈæftər ˈmɛni jɪrz ənd dən ə lɔt əv wərk tɪ ðət, ˈɪnʤən swɑp ə fju taɪmz etc.‏*.‏ [si ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ɪts ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən hir] ˈkərəntli aɪ hæv ðə waɪt ˈɛmˈfaɪv ənd ə ˈpɔrʃə 944 turbo‏*‏. kɔrt: wət ɪz jʊr ˈbækˌgraʊnd wɪθ ˈgeɪmɪŋ? ənd wɛr dɪd ðə aɪˈdiə spɔn from?‏*?‏ deɪv: ɪt ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ strit ˈligəl ˈreɪsɪŋ ˈæˌkʧuəli, ɪn 2003 aɪ sɛt əp ɑr saɪt (streetlegalmods.com*) ɪn 2005 wi hæv bɪn ˈɔnˌlaɪn sɪns ənd ɪts ðə ˈbɪgəst kəmˈjunɪti əˈməŋ ˈmɛni ˈəðər greɪt wənz fər ðə game.‏*.‏ ðə aɪˈdiə spɔnd sɪns ðɛr wɑz soʊ ˈmɛni rɪkˈwɛsts frəm ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈdɛkeɪd tɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz geɪmz tɪ kriˈeɪt ə nu geɪm, ə sequel.‏*.‏ jɛs, ðə geɪm ɪz soʊ oʊld bət ju noʊ.. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈrizən ɪt həz səʧ ə ‘‘cult’*’ following.‏*.‏ ju faɪnd ðət hænz ɔn məˈkænɪkəl ˈtunɪŋ ɪn ˈtudeɪz geɪmz, ənd wɪn ju θɪŋk ju hæv.. ɪt ʤɪst ðə same.‏*.‏ kɔrt: ˈvɛri tru. spɛnt taɪm ˈlʊkɪŋ ənd ˈʧeɪsɪŋ feɪld əˈtɛmpts æt ðət kaɪnd əv ˈditeɪl ənd ˈnəθɪŋ tərnz out‏*‏.

forget the mainstream racing games for a moment and imagine a game in which you could build your car from the ground up and perform infinite mods. you could test your car after swapping parts, show off your ride and race other players. you might be thinking this sounds an awful lot like street legal racing redline, and you’re right. street tuning evolution will be the sequel to slrr with improvements all around. if you’re unfamiliar with slrr check out the video below: the developer responsible for slrr is hungary-based invictus. it is made of about 50 people who have a passion for cars and gaming and have been in business since 1992. it’s got a long history of developing car games including heat online and 1nsane. when we heard slrr was getting a sequel we had to know more, so got in touch with slrr community manager, dave singh. here is what he had to say: ct: as you know, we’re all a bunch of petrolheads here, so let’s get started with the basics. what was you first car? did you work on it yourself?‏ dave: first car was a red bmw e30, 1987 :d‏ well it was my first ‘real’ car. i guess the oldsmobile my mom gave me was my first car but there isn’t much to say about that haha….and i did yes, but i didn’t have it long, i got a white bmw e30 after that, which is the car i still have now after many years and i’ve done a lot of work to that, engine swap a few times etc.‏ [see photos of its transformation here] currently i have the white e30, e39 m5 and a porsche 944 turbo‏. ct: what is your background with gaming? and where did the idea spawn from?‏ dave: it started with street legal racing redline actually, in 2003. i set up our site (streetlegalmods.com) in 2005. we have been online since and its the biggest community among many other great ones for the game.‏ the idea spawned since there was so many requests from the community over the last decade to the developers - invictus games to create a new game, a sequel.‏ yes, the game is so old , but you know.. there is a reason it has such a ‘cult’ following.‏ you can’t find that hands on mechanical tuning in todays games, and when you think you have.. it just isn’t the same.‏ ct: very true. i’ve spent time looking and chasing failed attempts at that kind of detail and nothing turns out‏.

ðə nu ʤɔɪnt ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ, saɪnd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ʤɑn ˈkɛriz trɪp tɪ ˈʧaɪnə læst wik, ɪz ə rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˈdɑkjəmɛnt. ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˈpɑsəbəl ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ðə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈklɪrli dɪˈspleɪz ə nu sɛns əv ˈərʤənsi əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ənd ðə nid fər ˈstrɔŋgər koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd ˈɛfərts ɪn æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə ˈɪʃu. əv noʊt, ðə tu ˈkəntriz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər mɔr ðən 40 əv ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈmɪʃənz ˌəndərˈskɔrd ðə brɔd kənˈsɛnsəs əˈməŋ ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk kəmˈjunɪti əˈbaʊt ˌænθrəpəˈʤɛnɪk ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ənd ɪts ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ ˌɪmˈpækts, ˈkɔlɪŋ fər "ˈfɔrsfəl, ˈnæʃənəli əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈækʃən baɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈʧaɪnə ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪv ˈækʃən" ðət kʊd "sɛt ðə kaɪnd əv ˈpaʊərfəl ɪgˈzæmpəl ðət kən ˌɪnˈspaɪr ðə wərld." wi hoʊp ðət ðə tu saɪdz kən lɪv əp tɪ ðɪs strɔŋ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ wɪθ ðə kaɪnz əv ˈækʃən ðət sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli kət juz. ənd ʧaɪˈniz ˈkɑrbən pəˈluʃən. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv steɪt hir ər səm ˈrizənz waɪ ðɪs nu ʤɔɪnt ˈsteɪtmənt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. ɪt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ðə ˌɪˈnædɪkwəsi əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl rɪˈspɑns: ɪn ɪts nu rɪˈpɔrt, ˈtrækɪŋ klin ˈɛnərʤi ˈprɑˌgrɛs 2013 ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛnərʤi ˈeɪʤənsi dɪˈlɪvərz ə stɑrk ˈmɛsɪʤ: ðət ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən tɪ ˈɛnərʤi ɪz ədˈvænsɪŋ tu sˈloʊli tɪ ˈlɪmət ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ. ðə sɛd ðət "ənˈlɛs wi gɪt 'ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz' ˈpraɪsɪz ənd ˈpɑləsiz raɪt, ə trænˈzɪʃən ʤɪst wɪl nɑt ˈhæpən." ðə ʤɔɪnt ˈsteɪtmənt kɔlz fər ə fast-track*, ənd ˈfoʊkɪst ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ðət wɪl rɪˈflɛkt ðɪs kəmˈpɛlɪŋ kɔl tɪ ˈækʃən. sɔrs: ɪt kɔlz fər ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪd, skeɪld əp kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən: ˈʧaɪnə ɔˈrɛdi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ðə nid fər ə ˈmæsɪv ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈɛfərt tɪ ˈtækəl ɪts ˈwərsənɪŋ ɛr pəˈluʃən ˈkraɪsəs. dɔɪʧ bæŋk sɪz ðət "bɪg bæŋ ˈmɛʒərz" ər ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpɑləsiz ðət wɪl rɪˈdus koʊl ˈjusɪʤ baɪ hæf ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst fɔr jɪrz, kət ˌɔtəmoʊˈbil dɪˈmænd, ənd "ˈmæsɪvli" ˌɪnˈkris ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn ˈɛnərʤi ɪˈfɪʃənsi, klin ˈɛnərʤi, ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈtrænzɪt. ðə gʊd nuz ɪz ðət ðə ˈmɛʒərz ˈʧaɪnə nidz tɪ teɪk tɪ əˈliviˌeɪt piɛm ɛr pəˈluʃən wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈdus ˈgrinˌhaʊs gæs ɪˈmɪʃənz ənd vaɪs ˈvərsə. sɔrs: dɔɪʧ ˈæˌsɛt wɛlθ ˈmænɪʤmənt ɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə ˈmeɪʤər ʃɪft ɪn baɪˈlætərəl ˈklaɪmɪt riˈleɪʃənz: ðə juz. ənd ˈʧaɪnə hæv bɪn ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈklaɪmɪt ˈdaɪəˌlɔg ənd koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪv ˈprɑʤɛkts fər jɪrz, wɪθ ə ˈbreɪkθˌru ɪn 2009 wɪn ðə tu ˈkəntriz saɪnd ðɛr fərst əˈgrimənt (wɪʧ aɪ əˈbaʊt hir), ɛz wɛl ɛz ə ˈpækɪʤ əv klin ˈɛnərʤi ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə klin ˈɛnərʤi ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər (cerc*) ɪz ə ˈpɑrtnər ɪn ðə fər ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈɛnərʤi ɪˈfɪʃənsi). jɛt ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn ˈkoʊpənˌhɑgən, ðə tu ˈkəntriz hæv ˈɔfən bɪn æt ɑdz ɪn ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈklaɪmɪt nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz, ənd baɪ ðə taɪm ðə tu ˈkəntriz mɛt fər ðɛr læst strəˈtiʤɪk &ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈdaɪəˌlɔg (s&ed*) ɪn meɪ 2012 ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ˈmɛrɪtɪd ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ə ˈmɛnʃən nɪr ðə ɛnd əv ə lɔŋ lɪst əv baɪˈlætərəl ˈɪʃuz. ðə nu ʤɔɪnt ˈsteɪtmənt, ɪn ˈkɑntræst, ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ðət "ˈwərkɪŋ təˈgɛðər boʊθ ɪn ðə ˌməltɪˈlætərəl nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ənd tɪ ədˈvæns ˈkɑnkrit ˈækʃən ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ kən sərv ɛz ə ˈpɪlər əv ðə baɪˈlætərəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, bɪld mˈjuʧuəl trəst ənd rɪˈspɛkt, ənd peɪv ðə weɪ fər ə ˈstrɔŋgər ˈoʊvərˌɔl kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən." ɛz wən ˈfɔrmər ˈklaɪmɪt nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtər sɛd, "aɪ bɛt huˈɛvər hɛlpt dræft ðə ˈsteɪtmənt wɑz nɑt ɪn ˈkoʊpənˌhɑgən." ðət ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt kəmˈplitli tru, sɪns ðə ʤɔɪnt ˈsteɪtmənt ɪˈstæblɪʃɪz ə ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ˈwərkɪŋ grup lɛd baɪ ðə tu ˈpipəl hu hæv bɪn ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ðə baɪˈlætərəl ˈklaɪmɪt nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz fər jɪrz: juz. ˈspɛʃəl ˈɛnvɔɪ fər ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ tɑd stərn, ənd vaɪs ˈʧɛrmən əv ˈʧaɪnəz ˈnæʃənəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd rɪˈfɔrm kəˈmɪʃən (ndrc*) zi. aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt ðət ɪt wɪl bi ə ˈwɛlkəm əˈsaɪnmənt fər ðə tu əˈfɪʃəlz, hu ər wɛl əˈwɛr əv ðə wərk boʊθ ˈkəntriz ər duɪŋ tɪ rɪˈdus ɪˈmɪʃənz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə mˈjuʧuəl ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈwərkɪŋ təˈgɛðər tɪ ˈstrɛŋθən ðoʊz ˈɛfərts. ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ˈmɪnɪstər zi æt ən ɛŋˈgoʊ ˈbrifɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə tiˈænʤɪn ˈklaɪmɪt tɔks ɪn 2010 aɪ du nɑt bɪˈliv, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ˈiðər saɪd wɪl juz ðɪs nu ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp ɛz ə ˈviɪkəl tɪ sik ə ˈtæsɪt əˈgrimənt ðət kʊd ˈʤɛpərˌdaɪz ə ˈminɪŋfəl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈklaɪmɪt əˈgrimənt. ɪn ˈnɪrli θri ˈdɛkeɪdz ɪn ðə juz. ˈsɛnɪt, ʤɑn ˈkɛri həz dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ə ˈʧæmpiən fər ˈækʃən əˈgɛnst ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈminɪŋfəl kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə. ɪn ə 2009 rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈfɔrən riˈleɪʃənz kəˈmɪti, ˈbrɔdənɪŋ ðə baɪˈlætərəl: ˈsizɪŋ ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˈminɪŋfəl kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ, ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈkɛri ˈsteɪtɪd ˈpleɪnli: "ɪt ɪz wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ðiz baɪˈlætərəl nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz səˈpɔrt ənd du nɑt səˈplænt ðə ˌməltɪˈlætərəl səm kaɪnd əv ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ bɪtˈwin ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈʧaɪnə ɪn ədˈvæns əv ðiz tɔks, ɪt wɪl bi ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ riʧ ə roʊˈbəst ˈtriti." ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ˈkɛri ɪn ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ æt ðə 2009 klin ˈɛnərʤi ˈfɔrəm ɪn ðə seɪm rɪˈpɔrt, tɑd stərn ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd, "ɪf ðə tu ˈgoʊliæθs ɔn ðə wərld steɪʤ kən ʤɔɪn hænz ənd kəˈmɪt iʧ ˈəðər æt ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl tɪ ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm, ˈvɪgərəs ˈklaɪmɪt ənd ˈɛnərʤi ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp, ɪt wɪl ˈtruli ʧeɪnʤ ðə wərld." ɛz maɪ ˈkɑlig ʤeɪk ʃmɪt həz ɪkˈspleɪnd, ril ˈklaɪmɪt ˈprɑˌgrɛs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə strɔŋ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈklaɪmɪt əˈgrimənt, wɪl ˈoʊnli əˈkər ɪf ki ˈkəntriz wərk tɪ tərn ðɛr ˈklaɪmɪt kəˈmɪtmənts ˈɪntu spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈækʃənz æt hoʊm. θru ðɪs ʤɔɪnt ˈsteɪtmənt, ðə juz. ənd ˈʧaɪnə hæv ˈsɪgnəld ðət ðɛl teɪk ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ənd ˈdɛspərətli ˈnidɪd stɛp ˈfɔrwərd. bət ðeɪ məst naʊ wərk hɑrd ənd fæst tɪ trænzˈleɪt ðiz ˈprɑməsɪŋ wərdz ˈɪntu ˈkɑnkrit ˈækʃən. nɛkst əp: səm dɪˈteɪld ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz fər ˈkɑnkrit kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈkəntriz.

the new joint u.s.-china statement on climate change, signed during secretary of state john kerry's trip to china last week, is a remarkable document. using the strongest possible diplomatic language, the statement clearly displays a new sense of urgency about the dangers of climate change and the need for stronger coordinated efforts in addressing the issue. of note, the two countries responsible for more than 40% of global ghg emissions underscored the broad consensus among the scientific community about anthropogenic climate change and its accelerating impacts, calling for "forceful, nationally appropriate action by the united states and china - including large-scale cooperative action" that could "set the kind of powerful example that can inspire the world." we hope that the two sides can live up to this strong language with the kinds of action that significantly cut u.s. and chinese carbon pollution. photo credit: u.s. department of state here are some reasons why this new joint statement is important. it recognizes the inadequacy of the global response: in its new report, tracking clean energy progress 2013, the international energy agency delivers a stark message: that the global transformation to low-carbon energy is advancing too slowly to limit global warming. the iea said that "unless we get 'carbon emissions' prices and policies right, a cost-effective clean-energy transition just will not happen." the joint statement calls for a fast-track, scaled-up and focused initiative that will reflect this compelling call to action. source: iea it calls for intensified, scaled up cooperation: china already recognizes the need for a massive long-term effort to tackle its worsening air pollution crisis. deutsche bank says that "big bang measures" are necessary, including policies that will reduce coal usage by half over the next four years, cut automobile demand, and "massively" increase investment in energy efficiency, clean energy, and public transit. the good news is that the measures china needs to take to alleviate pm 2.5 air pollution will also reduce greenhouse gas emissions and vice versa. source: deutsche asset & wealth management it represents a major shift in bilateral climate relations: the u.s. and china have been engaged in climate dialogue and cooperative projects for years, with a breakthrough in 2009 when the two countries signed their first climate-focused agreement (which i blogged about here), as well as a package of clean energy partnership initiatives including the us-china clean energy research center (cerc) (nrdc is a partner in the cerc for building energy efficiency). yet starting in copenhagen, the two countries have often been at odds in the international climate negotiations, and by the time the two countries met for their last strategic &economic dialogue (s&ed) in may 2012, climate change merited little more than a mention near the end of a long list of bilateral issues. the new joint statement, in contrast, recognizes that "working together both in the multilateral negotiation and to advance concrete action on climate change can serve as a pillar of the bilateral relationship, build mutual trust and respect, and pave the way for a stronger overall collaboration." as one former climate negotiator said, "i bet whoever helped draft the statement was not in copenhagen." that is probably not completely true, since the joint statement establishes a climate change working group led by the two people who have been in charge of the bilateral climate negotiations for years: u.s. special envoy for climate change todd stern, and vice chairman of china's national development and reform commission (ndrc) xie zhenhua. i suspect that it will be a welcome assignment for the two officials, who are well aware of the work both countries are doing to reduce emissions, as well as the mutual benefits of working together to strengthen those efforts. meeting with minister xie zhenhua at an ngo briefing during the tianjin climate talks in 2010 i do not believe, however, that either side will use this new partnership as a vehicle to seek a tacit agreement that could jeopardize a meaningful international climate agreement. in nearly three decades in the u.s. senate, john kerry has distinguished himself as a champion for action against climate change, including meaningful cooperation with china. in a 2009 report by the senate foreign relations committee, broadening the bilateral: seizing the opportunity for meaningful u.s.-china collaboration on climate change, secretary kerry stated plainly: "it is worth noting that these bilateral negotiations support and do not supplant the multilateral process...[w]ithout some kind of understanding between the united states and china in advance of these talks, it will be very difficult to reach a robust treaty." meeting with then-senator kerry in beijing at the 2009 u.s.-china clean energy forum in the same report, todd stern also noted, "if the two goliaths on the world stage can join hands and commit each other - at the highest level - to a long-term, vigorous climate and energy partnership, it will truly change the world." as my colleague jake schmidt has explained, real climate progress, including a strong international climate agreement, will only occur if key countries work to turn their climate commitments into specific actions at home. through this joint statement, the u.s. and china have signaled that they'll take a significant and desperately needed step forward. but they must now work hard and fast to translate these promising words into concrete action. next up: some detailed recommendations for concrete cooperation between the two countries.

waɪl moʊst əv ðə ˈpætənt ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən əˈtɛnʃən ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈæpəlz ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈlɔˌsut əˈgɛnst ˈsæmˌsəŋ, ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈmeɪkər həz skɔrd səm priˈtraɪəl ˈsəməri ˈʤəʤmənts ɪn ə wɪˈskɑnsən keɪs əˈgɛnst ˌmoʊtərˈoʊlə moʊˈbɪlɪti ˈoʊvər fɛr ˈpætənt ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ tərmz. ˈæpəl sud ˌmoʊtərˈoʊlə moʊˈbɪlɪti ɪn mɑrʧ 2011 ˈæftər ˌmoʊtərˈoʊlə sɔt tɪ kəˈlɛkt pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl nɛt seɪlz ɔn ˈioʊs ˈprɑdəkts ðət juz ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈɪndəstri ˈstændərd ˈpætənts. ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət hoʊld ˈpætənts dimd tɪ bi ˈɪndəstri ɛˈsɛnʃəl ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˈɔfər ðɛm tɪ ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət nid ðɛm ˈəndər ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ tərmz ðət ər fɛr, ˈrizənəbəl, ənd ˈnɑndɪˈskrɪmənəˌtɔri (frand*). ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈæpəl əˈkjuzd ˌmoʊtərˈoʊlə əv ənˈfɛrli ˈsikɪŋ ɪkˈsɛsɪv ˈrɔɪəlti ˈpeɪmənts fər ðə ˈpætənts, wɪʧ ˈkəvər ˈvɪdioʊ ˈstrimɪŋ ənd ˈwaɪˌfaɪ tɛkˈnɑləʤi. ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, juz. ˈdɪstrɪkt ʤəʤ ˈbɑrbərə bi. kræb fər ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈdɪstrɪkt əv wɪˈskɑnsən ruld ðət ˌmoʊtərˈoʊləz ˈpætənts ɪn kˈwɛʃən wər ənd ðət ˌmoʊtərˈoʊlə wɑz ˈɑbləˌgeɪtɪd tɪ ˈlaɪsəns ðɛm ɔn tərmz ˈəndər kənˈtrækʧuəl ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃənz wɪθ ənd ieee*, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə fɑs ˈpætənts blɔg. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət ˈæpəl wɑz ə ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃiˌɛri əv ðoʊz ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃənz. ðoʊz ˈfaɪndɪŋz ər ˈsɪmələr tɪ juz. ˈdɪstrɪkt ʤəʤ ʤeɪmz ˈrulɪŋz ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈpætənts ɪn ə ˈpætənt dɪˈspjut bɪtˈwin ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ənd ˌmoʊtərˈoʊlə. kræb ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət wɪn səbˈmɪtɪŋ ðə ˈpætənts tɪ fər ˈstændərdz dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən, ˌmoʊtərˈoʊlə dɪd nɑt aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈprɑpərti raɪts ɪt hɛld ðət maɪt bi rikˈwaɪərd baɪ ðə prəˈpoʊzəl ˌbiˈfɔr ɪts əˈdɑpʃən ɛz ə ˈstændərd. kræb dɪd grænt ə pɛr əv ˌmoʊtərˈoʊlə moʊˈbɪlɪti ˈmoʊʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈpɑrʃəl ˈsəməri ˈʤəʤmənt əv ˈæpəlz ˌæntaɪˈtrəst kənˈsərnz bɪˈkəz ˈæpəl kʊd nɑt pruv ˈɛni ˈækʧəwəl ˈdæmɪʤɪz. kræb ˈɔlsoʊ dɪsˈmɪst ˈæpəlz kleɪm ðət ˌmoʊtərˈoʊlə ˌɪnərˈfɪrd wɪθ ˈæpəlz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈʧɪpˌmeɪkər kˈwɑlˌkɑm, əˈgɛn bɪˈkəz ˈæpəl kʊd nɑt pruv ˈɛni ˈækʧəwəl hɑrm. ˌmoʊtərˈoʊlə həz mɪkst ɪt əp wɪθ ˈæpəl ɪn ˈsɛvərəl ˈkɔrˌtrumz əraʊnd ðə wərld. ðə tu ˈrisəntli klæʃt ˈoʊvər ˈpætənts ɪn ˈʤərməni, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈæpəl tɪ ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli riˈmuv ˈoʊldər ˈaɪˌfoʊnz frəm ɪts ˈɔnˌlaɪn stɔr ɪn ðət ˈkəntri. ðə kɔrt ˈleɪtər ˈgrænɪd ˈæpəl ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri hɔlt ɔn ðə bæn. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgugəl kloʊzd ɪts ˈbɪljən ˌækwəˈzɪʃən əv ˌmoʊtərˈoʊlə moʊˈbɪlɪti ɪn meɪ, ðə wɛb ʤaɪənt ˈprɑməst ɪt wʊd ˈlaɪsəns ðə ˈtrəbəld sɛl foʊn ˈmeɪkərz ˈpætənts ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl praɪz ɪn ðə ˈmərʤər ɔn ˈrizənəbəl tərmz. ðə keɪs ɪz ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ goʊ tɪ traɪəl noʊˈvɛmbər 5 həz ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ˈæpəl ənd ˌmoʊtərˈoʊlə fər ˈkɑmɛnt ənd wɪl ˈəpˌdeɪt ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt wɪn wi lərn mɔr.

while most of the patent litigation attention is currently focused on apple's ongoing lawsuit against samsung, the iphone maker has scored some pretrial summary judgments in a wisconsin case against motorola mobility over fair patent licensing terms. apple sued motorola mobility in march 2011 after motorola sought to collect 2.25 percent of all net sales on ios products that use essential industry standard patents. companies that hold patents deemed to be industry essential are expected to offer them to companies that need them under licensing terms that are fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory (frand). however, apple accused motorola of unfairly seeking excessive royalty payments for the patents, which cover video streaming and wi-fi technology. on friday, u.s. district judge barbara b. crabb for the western district of wisconsin ruled that motorola's patents in question were frand and that motorola was obligated to license them on frand terms under contractual obligations with etsi and ieee, according to the foss patents blog. she also found that apple was a third-party beneficiary of those obligations. those findings are similar to u.s. district judge james robart's rulings in february regarding the same patents in a patent dispute between microsoft and motorola. crabb also found that when submitting the patents to etsi for standards determination, motorola did not identify essential intellectual property rights it held that might be required by the proposal before its adoption as a standard. crabb did grant a pair of motorola mobility motions, including a partial summary judgment of apple's antitrust concerns because apple could not prove any actual damages. crabb also dismissed apple's claim that motorola interfered with apple's relationship with chipmaker qualcomm, again because apple could not prove any actual harm. motorola has mixed it up with apple in several courtrooms around the world. the two recently clashed over patents in germany, forcing apple to temporarily remove older iphones from its online store in that country. the court later granted apple a temporary halt on the ban. before google closed its $12.5 billion acquisition of motorola mobility in may, the web giant promised it would license the troubled cell phone maker's patents -- the principal prize in the merger -- on reasonable terms. the apple-motorola case is scheduled to go to trial november 5. cnet has contacted apple and motorola for comment and will update this report when we learn more.

1 ɪn ə ˈmɑrkɪt ɪˈkɑnəmi, loʊər ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts ər ə saɪn ðət mɔr wɛlθ ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti fər nu ˈbɪznɪs ˈprɑʤɛkts. ˈiðər soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪz mɔr ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈseɪvɪŋ mɔr wɪˈθaʊt loʊərɪŋ ɪts ˈmɛmbərz ər ˈseɪvɪŋ ˈkɑrənt kənˈsəmʃən ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv fˈjuʧər kənˈsəmʃən, ənd ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli prəˈvaɪdɪŋ fəndz fər ˈprɑʤɛkts ðət wɪl bi soʊld fər fˈjuʧər kənˈsəmʃən. 2 ɪn ˈiðər keɪs, ðə loʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts ər ə saɪn əv əˈdɪʃənəl ˈðɛrˌfɔr ə saɪn ðət mɔr ˈməni wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl fər fˈjuʧər kənˈsəmʃən. ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ðɪs baɪ ˈstɑrtɪŋ ər ɪkˈspændɪŋ ˈbɪznɪs laɪnz eɪmd æt fˈjuʧər ɪz, ˈprɑʤɛkts ðət teɪk taɪm ənd ˈlɑrʤər əˈmaʊnts əv ˈməni tɪ kəmˈplit. 3 ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkts sim ˈprɑfətəbəl ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz loʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts meɪk ðɛm ʧip tɪ fənd ənd ðə əˈsəmpʃən əv fˈjuʧər kənˈsumər ˈspɛndɪŋ aʊt əv ˌɪnˈkrist ˈseɪvɪŋz ˈprɑməsəz dɪˈmænd fər ðɛr ˈprɑdəkts. fər ˈbɪznɪsɪz, ðɪs ɪz ə kaɪnd əv ˈpɛrəˌdaɪs: ðeɪ gɪt tɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ ˈʧipli ənd sɛl tɪ ˈwɛlθiər ˈpipəl ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. 4 loʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ˈbɪznɪs ɪkˈspænʧən sprɛdz θru ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ðə kɔst əv ˈleɪbər ənd məˈtɪriəlz goʊz əp, wɪʧ prəˈvaɪdz ˈpipəl wɪθ mɔr ˈməni tɪ spɛnd ər seɪv. ˈriˌteɪl ˈbɪznɪsɪz ɪkˈspænd ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ, ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ənd ˈrisərʧ dɪˈzaɪn ˈprɑʤɛkts. ðɪs kriˈeɪts wət lʊks laɪk ə bɪˈnaɪn ˈsaɪkəl: ɪkˈspænʧən fˈjulɪŋ ɪkˈspænʧən. 5 wɪn ðə loʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts ər kɔzd baɪ ˈsɛntrəl bæŋk ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ˈpɛrəˌdaɪs tərnz aʊt tɪ bi ən ˌɪˈluʒən. ðə wɛlθ ðət wʊd hæv lɛd tɪ fˈjuʧər ˈspɛndɪŋ dɪz nɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli ðə loʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts kɔzd baɪ ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈseɪvɪŋz. bɪˈkəz wi ɔˈrɛdi noʊ ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts kɔzd ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə ˈseɪvɪŋz reɪts, fɛr tɪ əˈsum ðət ðə əˈdɪʃənəl wɛlθ kriˈeɪtɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə bum ˈmoʊstli wɛnt tɪ ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈrəðər ðən ˌɪnˈkrist ˈseɪvɪŋz. (ˌɪnˈdid, ˈseɪvɪŋz maɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli hæv ˈdiˌkrist ɛz ˈpipəl ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ fˈjuʧər wɛlθ ˈræʃənəli spɛnd mɔr naʊ bɪˈkəz ðeɪ pərˈsiv lɛs nid fər ˈseɪvɪŋz tɪ ˈfaɪˌnæns fˈjuʧər ˈspɛndɪŋ.) 6 ɛz ɪt ɪz rɪˈvild ðət dɪˈmænd ɪz loʊər ðən ɪkˈspɛktɪd, ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkts goʊ bəst. ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ɪn ðɛm nid tɪ bi ˈlɪkwɪˌdeɪtɪd, səm æt ə ˈtoʊtəl lɔs. ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ɪn ðoʊz lɔŋ tərm ˈprɑʤɛkts naʊ lʊk laɪk ˌɪrəˈspɑnsəbəl ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən ɔn ən əˈsəmpʃən əv fˈjuʧər groʊθ. ðə ˈɔstriənz kɔl ðɛm ““malinvestments.”*.” 7 ðə ˌlɪkwɪˈdeɪʃən əv ðoʊz minz ðə lɔs əv ˈvælju ɪn ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz ðoʊz ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts wʊd hæv juzd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə lɔs əv ʤɑbz ɪn ðoʊz ˈbɪznɪsɪz. ðɪs sprɛdz ðə ““bust”*” frəm ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈspɛkjələtɪv ˈɛriəz tɪ ˈkəvər ðə ə rɪˈvərs əv ðə bum ˈsaɪkəl. 8 ə saɪd noʊt hir: ˈsəmˌtaɪmz æst waɪ ə kənˈsumər bum ˈfɑloʊ ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈprɑʤɛkt bəst. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪf ðə ˈprɑbləm wɑz ən əˈsəmpʃən baɪ ˈbɪznɪsɪz əv ˌɪnˈkrist ˈseɪvɪŋz, ˈlərnɪŋ ðə ˌriˈæləˌti ðət ˈpipəl ˈseɪvɪŋ kɔz ðə ˈriˌteɪl ˈsɛktər tɪ bum? ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ðɪs ˈhæpən. ɪn fækt, ðə rɪˈvərs ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ðə keɪs. ðə ˈrizən ɪz straight-forward*: ðə mɪˈsteɪk ˌəndərˈɛstɪˌmeɪtɪŋ ˈspɛndɪŋ, ɪt wɑz ˌoʊvərˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪŋ ˈseɪvɪŋz. mɔr, ðə ˌlɪkwɪˈdeɪʃən əv ˈkɔzɪz ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt, ˈɔfən ˈtrɪgərɪŋ kənˈsumərz tɪ stɑrt ˈseɪvɪŋ mɔr ənd ˈspɛndɪŋ lɛs. 9 ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi dɪˈvɛləps wət lʊks laɪk ən ˈaʊtˌpʊt gæp. ɪt ɪz prəˈdusɪŋ fɑr lɛs ðən ɪt wəns dɪd ənd ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ɪz æt ə fɑr loʊər ˈlɛvəl. ðɪs ɪz ˈmeɪnli bɪˈkəz pɑrt əv ðə oʊld ˈaʊtˌpʊt wɑz gɪrd təˈwɔrd fˈjuʧər kənˈsəmʃən ðət ɪz naʊ ˌəndərˈstʊd tɪ bi ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl. ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt gæp ɪz ʤɪst ə ˈʃæˌdoʊ əv ðə oʊld, ˌənsəˈsteɪnəbəl bum. ˌoʊˈkeɪ. lɛt mi seɪ ðət ðɪs ɪz ə sˈlaɪtli ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈɔstriən ˈθɪri əv ˈbɪznɪs ˈsaɪkəlz. bɪn ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd ˈmoʊstli tɪ teɪk aʊt ðə əv ˈɔstriən kaɪnd əv ˈpraɪvət ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ðət ˈpipəl hu hæv rɛd ə lɔt əv ˈlədwɪg vɔn ˈmaɪzɪz juz tɪ tɔk tɪ iʧ ˈəðər. noʊ daʊt ˈstrɛnjuəsli ˈɑbʤɛkt tɪ wən pɑrt əv əˈnəðər əv maɪ dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv wət ðeɪ laɪk tɪ kɔl ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈsaɪkəl. ˈstudənts əv ˈeɪˌbiˌsi wɪl ˈnoʊtɪs ðət aɪ lɛft aʊt wən ˈkruʃəl ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðə ˈɔstriən ˈθɪri əv ˈbɪznɪs ˈsaɪkəlz hir: aɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə roʊl əv ðə ˈsɛntrəl bæŋk ɪn ˈspɑrkɪŋ ðə bəst baɪ ˈreɪzɪŋ ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts. ˈtɪpɪkəli, ˈɔstriənz seɪ ðət ðə ˈsɛntrəl bæŋk ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli ˈreɪzɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts tɪ wɔrd ɔf ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən. bət aɪ θɪŋk ˈɛni ˈreɪzɪŋ əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ bɪˈgɪn ðə bəst ðət ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ɪz fər ðə fˈjuʧər ˈspɛndɪŋ tɪ bi loʊər ðən ɪt wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi. (aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ɪkˈspleɪnz ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ bəst, fər ˈɪnstəns.) ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst krɪˈtik əv ðə ˈɔstriən ˈθɪri əv ˈbɪznɪs ˈsaɪkəlz həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ðət ɪt meɪks ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn aʊt tɪ bi ə bɪt ˈfulɪʃ. waɪ ər ðeɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ trɪkt baɪ ðə loʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts əv ˈsɛntrəl bæŋks ˈɪntu ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌənsəˈsteɪnəbəl ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts? ə smɑrt ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv loʊ reɪts tɪ meɪk ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ðət kʊd wɪθˈstænd ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl reɪt ˈreɪzɪz? ðɛr ər lɑts əv ˈpɑsəbəl rɪˈspɑnsɪz tɪ ðɪs. ðə ˈɔstriən ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts hæv ˈɔfərd ˈplɛnti, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə fækt ðət loʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts kriˈeɪt ə kaɪnd əv keɪɑs ðət meɪks ɪf ˈvɛri hɑrd tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt wɪʧ ˈprɑʤɛkts ər səˈsteɪnəbəl ənd wɪʧ ər tu ˈrɪski. wən əv ðə ˈfeɪvərd rɪˈspɑnsɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, həz ʤɪst bɪn ðət ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn dɪd nɑt ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈsaɪkəl ˈvɛri wɛl. ˈæftər ɔl, ˈɔstriən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks həz lɔŋ bɪn rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə rɛlm əv ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks. ˈmɛni ˈprɑbəˌbli hæv ˈnəθɪŋ bət ə veɪg sɛns əv ðə ˈɔstriən ˈbɪznɪs ˈsaɪkəl ˈθɪri. soʊ ðə ˈrizən ˈbɪznɪsɪz ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ənd rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ðə ˈsaɪkəl ɪz ðət ðeɪ noʊ məʧ əˈbaʊt ɪt. ðɛr ˈɛrərz wər beɪst ɪn ˈɪgnərəns. ə kənˈspɪrəsi θiərɪst maɪt pɔɪnt aʊt ðət ðɪs ˈɪgnərəns sərvd ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ˈsɛntrəl ˈbæŋkərz ˈvɛri wɛl. ɪt meɪd ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl fər ˈsɛntrəl ˈbæŋkərz tɪ juz ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts tɪ məˈnɪpjəˌleɪt ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ðeɪ kʊd loʊər ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts ənd kaʊnt ɔn ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn tɪ rɪˈspɑnd ɛz ðeɪ ˈstɑrtɪŋ ənd ɪkˈspændɪŋ ˈbɪznɪs laɪnz. ðɪs brɪŋz mi əraʊnd tɪ maɪ pɔɪnt təˈdeɪ. aɪ θɪŋk ðət wi meɪ hæv ˈɛnərd ə nu ˈɪrə. wi meɪ ɔl bi ˈɔstriənz naʊ. nɑt sɪns ðə nu dil həz ˈɔstriən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti ɪt dɪz naʊ. ˈɔstriən ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts ər ˈɔfəli ˈpɑpjələr wɪθ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti, əˈspɛʃəli ɪts ti ˈpɑrti wɪŋ. ˈpitər ʃɪf, ðə ˈɔstriən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ædˈvaɪzər, ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈpɑpjələr gɛst ɔn ˈbɪznɪs ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən. tɑm wʊdz' bʊk prəˈvaɪdɪd ən ˈɔstriən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ə bɛst ˈsɛlər. ˈkɑŋgrəsmən rɑn pɔl ənd rænd pɔl ər boʊθ ˈdɛvəˈtiz. pərˈhæps mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, ðɛr həz bɪn ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd bleɪm əˈsaɪnd tɪ ˈælən ˈfɛdərəl rɪˈzərv fər ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈbəbəl wɪθ ɪts loʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪt ˈpɑləsiz. aɪ ˈkænɑt rɪˈmɛmbər wɪn ðə læst taɪm wɑz ðət ðɛr wɑz ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˈpəblɪk əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən əv ðə roʊl əv ˈsɛntrəl bæŋks ɪn ˈkɔzɪŋ ðə ˈsaɪkəl. tɔp ðət ɔf wɪθ ðə ˈvɛri ˈpəblɪk ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv bɛn reɪt pləs kˈwɑntɪˌteɪtɪv ˈizɪŋ ˈpɑləsi. waɪl məʧ əv ðɪs ɪz ˈsɛntərd ɔn ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən, ɪt həz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈgɪvɪn raɪz tɪ fɪrz əv ““bubbles”*” ɪn ˈvɛriəs ˈæˌsɛts. ɔl əv wɪʧ pɔɪnts tɪ mi tɪ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ˈɔstriən ˈbɪznɪs ˈsaɪkəl ˈθɪri həz gɔn ˈmeɪnˌstrim. aɪ θɪŋk ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri ˈlaɪkli ðət ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn ər ˈfaɪnəli ˈweɪkɪŋ əp tɪ ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv əˈvɔɪdɪŋ səm əv ðə ˈɛrərz ðət ðə ˈkrɪtɪks əv ˈeɪˌbiˌsi ˈθɪri ˈɔlˌweɪz θɔt ðeɪ ʃʊd. ɪf raɪt əˈbaʊt ðɪs, ɪt kʊd min ðət bɛn plænz tɪ pʊʃ əˈlɔŋ ðə rɪˈkəvəri θru ˈfərðər ˈizɪŋ kʊd bi æt list dɪˈleɪd. nɑt ʃʊr haʊ lɔŋ ˈbɪznɪs wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ hoʊld aʊt əˈgɛnst ðə lʊr əv loʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɛz ˌɪnˈvɛstərz pʊʃ bæŋks ənd ˈbɪznɪsɪz tɪ pʊt ðə ˈməni ɔn ðɛr ˈbæləns ʃits tɪ wərk. bət ðə ˈdaʊnˌtərn kʊd læst məʧ ˈlɔŋgər ðən ˈhɪstəri wʊd səˈʤɛst. gɪt mi rɔŋ. aɪ θɪŋk ðə fɛd həz ˈtoʊtəli lɔst ɪts paʊər tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈmɪsʧəf fər ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ɪf ðə paʊər əv ˈsɛntrəl ˈbæŋkərz tɪ məˈnɪpjəˌleɪt ˈbɪznɪsɪz θru loʊər ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts wɑz dɪˈmɪnɪʃt, ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi wʊd bi fɑr ˈhɛlθiər. bət ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪt məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən stɪl wɪl bi ə sɔrs əv keɪɑs ðət wɪl meɪk ˈbɪznɪs ˈplænɪŋ mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt ənd ˈlaɪkli lɛd tɪ ˈkləstərd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɛrərz. bət ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ɑr ˈɔstriən ˈmoʊmənt læsts, wi maɪt bi ˈhɛdɪd tɪ ə ðən wi wʊd hæv hæd ɪf kʊd gɪt hɪz weɪ. kˈwɛsʧənz? ˈkɑmɛnts? iˈmeɪl ˈjuˈɛs ˈfɑloʊ ʤɑn ɔn tˈwɪtər ˈfɑloʊ ɔn tˈwɪtər ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈjuˈɛs

1) in a market economy, lower interest rates are a sign that more wealth is available in society for new business projects. either society is more wealthy—and therefore saving more without lowering spending—or its members are saving more—delaying current consumption in favor of future consumption, and incidentally providing loanable funds for projects that will be sold for future consumption. 2) in either case, the low interest rates are a sign of additional savings—and therefore a sign that more money will be available for future consumption. businessmen respond to this by starting or expanding business lines aimed at future consumption—that is, projects that take time and larger amounts of money to complete. 3) many of the projects seem profitable only because low interest rates make them cheap to fund and the assumption of future consumer spending out of increased savings promises demand for their products. for businesses, this is a kind of paradise: they get to borrow cheaply and sell to wealthier people in the future. 4) low interest rate-fueled business expansion spreads through the economy. the cost of labor and materials goes up, which provides people with more money to spend or save. retail businesses expand as well as the higher-order long-term manufacturing, investment and research & design projects. this creates what looks like a benign cycle: expansion fueling expansion. 5) when the low interest rates are caused by central bank intervention, however, this paradise turns out to be an illusion. the wealth that would have led to future spending does not actually exist—because the low interest rates aren’t caused by an increase in the amount of savings. because we already know the interest rates weren’t caused an increase in the savings rates, it’s fair to assume that the additional wealth created during the boom mostly went to spending rather than increased savings. (indeed, savings might actually have decreased as people anticipating future wealth rationally spend more now because they perceive less need for savings to finance future spending.) 6) as it is revealed that savings-fueled demand is lower than expected, many of the projects go bust. investments in them need to be liquidated, some at a total loss. the investments in those long term projects now look like irresponsible speculation on an assumption of future growth. the austrians call them “malinvestments.” 7) the liquidation of those malinvestments means the loss of value in the resources those investments would have used, including the loss of jobs in those businesses. this spreads the “bust” from the original speculative areas to cover the economy—in a reverse of the boom cycle. 8) a side note here: it’s sometimes asked why a consumer boom doesn’t follow a long-term project bust. after all, if the problem was an assumption by businesses of increased savings, shouldn’t learning the reality that people weren’t saving cause the retail sector to boom? unfortunately, this doesn’t happen. in fact, the reverse is usually the case. the reason is straight-forward: the mistake wasn’t underestimating spending, it was overestimating savings. what’s more, the liquidation of malinvestments causes unemployment, often triggering consumers to start saving more and spending less. 9) the economy develops what looks like an output gap. it is producing far less than it once did and employment is at a far lower level. this is mainly because part of the old output was geared toward future consumption that is now understood to be impossible. the output gap is just a shadow of the old, unsustainable boom. okay. let me say that this is a slightly modified version of the austrian theory of business cycles. it’s been modified mostly to take out the shibboleths of austrian economics—the kind of private language that people who have read a lot of ludwig von mises use to talk to each other. no doubt they’ll strenuously object to one part of another of my description of what they like to call the abc—austrian business cycle. students of abc will notice that i left out one crucial aspect of the austrian theory of business cycles here: i didn’t mention the role of the central bank in sparking the bust by raising interest rates. typically, austrians say that the central bank inevitably raises interest rates to ward off inflation. but i don’t think any raising of interest rates is necessary to begin the bust cycle—all that is necessary is for the future spending to be lower than it was expected to be. (i think this explains the housing bust, for instance.) the strongest critique of the austrian theory of business cycles has always been that it makes businessmen out to be a bit foolish. why are they always getting tricked by the low interest rates of central banks into making unsustainable investments? wouldn’t a smart businessman take advantage of low rates to make investments that could withstand inevitable rate raises? there are lots of possible responses to this. the austrian economists have offered plenty, including the fact that low interest rates create a kind of calculational chaos that makes if very hard to figure out which projects are sustainable and which are too risky. one of the favored responses, however, has just been that businessmen did not understand the business cycle very well. after all, austrian economics has long been regarded as outside the realm of mainstream economics. many mba’s probably have nothing but a vague sense of the austrian business cycle theory. so the reason businesses didn’t anticipate and respond to the boom-bust cycle is that they didn’t know much about it. their errors were based in ignorance. a conspiracy theorist might point out that this ignorance served the purposes of central bankers very well. it made it possible for central bankers to use interest rates to manipulate the economy. they could lower interest rates and count on businessmen to respond as they expected—by starting and expanding business lines. this brings me around to my point today. i think that we may have entered a new era. we may all be austrians now. not since the new deal has austrian economics enjoyed the political popularity it does now. austrian economists are awfully popular with the republican party, especially its tea party wing. peter schiff, the austrian economics-inflected investment advisor, is a very popular guest on business television. tom woods' book “meltdown”—which provided an austrian economics explanation for the financial crisis—was a best seller. congressman ron paul and senator-elect rand paul are both devotees. perhaps more importantly, there has been widespread blame assigned to alan greenspan’s federal reserve for initiating the housing bubble with its low interest rate policies. i cannot remember when the last time was that there was widespread public appreciation of the role of central banks in causing the boom-bust cycle. top that off with the very public criticism of ben bernanke’s zero-interest rate plus quantitative easing policy. while much of this is centered on the dangers of inflation, it has also given rise to fears of “bubbles” in various assets. all of which points to me to the possibility that austrian business cycle theory has gone mainstream. i think it is very likely that businessmen are finally waking up to the dangers of malinvestment—and avoiding some of the errors that the critics of abc theory always thought they should. if i’m right about this, it could mean that ben bernanke’s plans to push along the recovery through further easing could be stymied—or at least delayed. i’m not sure how long business will be able to hold out against the lure of low interest rates—especially as investors push banks and businesses to put the money on their balance sheets to work. but the downturn could last much longer than history would suggest. don’t get me wrong. i don’t think the fed has totally lost its power to create mischief for the economy. if the power of central bankers to manipulate businesses through lower interest rates was diminished, the economy would be far healthier. but interest rate manipulation still will be a source of calculational chaos that will make business planning more difficult and likely lead to clustered economic errors. but as long as our austrian moment lasts, we might be headed to a healthier—if slower—recovery than we would have had if bernanke could get his way. __________________________________________________________ questions? comments? email us atnetnet@cnbc.com follow john on twitter @ twitter.com/carney follow netnet on twitter @ twitter.com/cnbcnetnet facebook us @ www.facebook.com/netnetcnbc

ðə ˈɪzriəl ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən (iec*) wɪl ˈlɪmət ðə səˈplaɪ əv paʊər tɪ ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən əˈθɔrəti ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈoʊvər ə dɛt əv səm ˈbɪljən. ˈfɑloʊ ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈilaɪ ˈglɪkmən ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ˈɪzriəlz sɪˈkjʊrəti ʧifs əv ðə muv ɪn ə ˈlɛtər sɛnt ɪn ˈərli ˈʤænjuˌɛri ənd sɛt ðə deɪt fər ɪts ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən fər ðə ɛnd əv ðə mənθ. ðə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ðə dɛts tɪ ðə hæd əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ baɪ dɪˈsɛmbər 31 2014 wɪʧ livz ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɪθ noʊ ʧɔɪs bət tɪ kət ðə paʊər səˈplaɪ tɪ ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz baɪ 50 pərˈsɛnt fər tu aʊərz ˈɛvəri deɪ ən aʊər ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ ənd ən aʊər ɪn ðə ˈivnɪŋ. ðə ˈɪzriəl ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən. ðə ˈlɛtər wɑz əˈdrɛst tɪ ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzər ˈjoʊsi koʊən, ʃɪn bɛt ʧif ˈjɔrəm koʊən, koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər əv ˈgəvərnmənt ækˈtɪvɪtiz ɪn ðə ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz maj.-gen*. ˈmɔrdəˌkaɪ, hɛd əv ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz dɪˈrɛktərət əv ðə maj.-gen*. har-even*, ənd pəˈlis kəˈmɪʃənər maj.-gen*. danino*, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈrɛləvənt ˈgəvərnmənt ˈmɪnɪstriz. ðə muv tɪ kət paʊər fər ə fju aʊərz ˈɛvəri deɪ ɪz nɑt ə nu wən ðə ˈkəmpəˌni sɔt tɪ goʊ əˈhɛd wɪθ səʧ ə muv ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ɪn ðə pæst bət wɑz stɑpt baɪ ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstərz ˈɔfəs, du tɪ kənˈsərn əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈprɛʃər ɔn ˈɪzriəl nɑt tɪ hərt ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪn ðə wɛst bæŋk. ðə ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ɪt kənˈtɪnjud prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti tɪ ðə ˈgɑzə strɪp θruaʊt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən prəˈtɛktɪv ɛʤ ənd ˈivɪn rɪˈpɛrd ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈdæmɪʤd frəm bɑmˈbɑrdmənts ɔn boʊθ saɪdz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə wɔr. ðə sɛd ɪn rɪˈspɑns: "ðə ˈɪzriəl ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən əˈlərtɪd ðə pɑ ənd ˈəðər ˈrɛləvənt ˈgəvərnmənt ˈmɪnɪstriz əv ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən dɛts, ˈtoʊtəlɪŋ ˈbɪljən, ˈoʊvər ə lɔŋ ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm. soʊ fɑr, noʊ səˈluʃən həz bɪn faʊnd tɪ peɪ ɔf ðə dɛt. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, aʊt əv ðə wɪʃ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈhərtɪŋ ðə paʊər səˈplaɪ fər ðə səˈvɪljən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪn ðə wɛst bæŋk ɛz məʧ ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, ɔn ðə wən hænd, ənd ˈkərbɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ dɛt ɛz məʧ ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ɪt wɑz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈlɪmət ðə paʊər səˈplaɪ æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, wɪθ ðə hoʊp ðət ə səˈluʃən ɪz faʊnd sun."

the israel electric corporation (iec) will limit the supply of power to the palestinian authority starting thursday over a debt of some nis 1.8 billion. follow ynetnews on facebook and twitter ceo eli glickman informed israel's security chiefs of the move in a letter sent in early january and set the date for its implementation for the end of the month. the ceo explained that the pa's debts to the iec had amounted to nis 1,700,843,315 by december 31, 2014, which leaves the company with no choice but to cut the power supply to the palestinians by 50 percent for two hours every day - an hour in the morning and an hour in the evening. the israel electric corporation. the letter was addressed to national security advisor yossi cohen, shin bet chief yoram cohen, coordinator of government activities in the territories maj.-gen. yoav mordechai, head of the operations directorate of the idf maj.-gen. yoav har-even, and police commissioner maj.-gen. yohanan danino, as well as relevant government ministries. the iec move to cut power for a few hours every day is not a new one - the company sought to go ahead with such a move several times in the past but was stopped by the prime minister's office, due to concern of international pressure on israel not to hurt the population in the west bank. the iec noted that it continued providing electricity to the gaza strip throughout operation protective edge and even repaired infrastructure damaged from bombardments on both sides during the war. the iec said in response: "the israel electric corporation alerted the pa and other relevant government ministries of the palestinian authority’s debts, totaling nis 1.8 billion, over a long period of time. so far, no solution has been found to pay off the debt. therefore, out of the wish to avoid hurting the power supply for the civilian population in the west bank as much as possible, on the one hand, and curbing the increasing debt as much as possible, on the other hand, it was decided to limit the power supply at this point, with the hope that a solution is found soon."

godong/getty* ˌhɑgɪˈwɑrə wən deɪ, ə ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈpeɪʃənt wɔkt ˈɪntu ˈlisə pænz ˈɔfəs ˈkɛriɪŋ ə ˈbækˌpæk fʊl əv rɑks. hi toʊld hər ðət ˈæftər ðɛr əˈpɔɪntmənt hi plænd tɪ ʤəmp ɔf ə brɪʤ ənd lɛt ðə loʊd ˈkɛri ɪm tɪ ðə ˈbɑtəm əv wən əv ˈpɪtsbərgz ˈrɪvərz. "baɪ ðət taɪm, wi hæd ɔˈrɛdi traɪd 17 ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz ənd hi ˈwəzənt ˈɛni ˈbɛtər," ˈriˌkɔlz pæn, ə səˈkaɪətrəst æt ðə ˈwɛstərn ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk ˈɪnstɪˌtut ənd ˈklɪnɪk. hi hæd ˈstɑrtɪd ˈkətɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf æt eɪʤ 11 ənd wɑz ˈpriviəsli ˈhɑspɪtəˌlaɪzd ˈæftər sˈwɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv pɪlz frəm hɪz ˈgrændˌməðərz ˈmɛdəsən ˈkæbənət ɪn ə ˈsuɪˌsaɪd əˈtɛmpt. "aɪ nu aɪ ˈkʊdənt lɛt ɪm liv," pæn sɪz. ʃi ˈhɑspɪtəˌlaɪzd ɪm əˈgɛn, ɛz ən ˌɪˈmiˌdiət səˈluʃən. ɛz fər wət tɪ du ɪn ðə ˈlɔŋgər tərm, ðæts ˈɔlˌweɪz ə ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪn pænz ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr dɪˈpɑrtmənt æt ˈwɛstərn saɪk, ðə stɑr (ˈsərvɪsɪz fər tinz æt rɪsk) ˈsɛnər. stɑr sərvz səˈvɪrli dɪˈprɛst ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˈtiˌneɪʤərz frəm əˈkrɔs ðə ˈriʤən. ˈpɛrənts ˈɔfən kənˈsəlt ðə ˈklɪnɪk fər əˈsɛsmənt, rɪˈfərəlz, ənd ˈtritmənt ˈæftər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛr ʧaɪld tɪ ə ˈθɛrəpɪst, traɪɪŋ ˈməltəpəl ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz, ər ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˌhɑspɪtələˈzeɪʃən. ɪts nɑt ənˈkɑmən fər səm ˈfæməliz tɪ hæv lɑkt əp ɔl ðə ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz, naɪvz, roʊps ənd ɪkˈstɛnʃən kɔrdz æt hoʊm, ˌriərˈeɪnʤɪŋ ðɛr lɪvz tɪ ˈmɑnətər ðɛr ʧaɪldz bɪˈheɪvjər. skulz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈfər ˈstudənts ˈæftər ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈæbsənsɪz, ər wɪn bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈprɑbləmz prɪˈvɛnt ðɛm frəm ˈmuvɪŋ əp ə greɪd. səm stɑr ˈpeɪʃənz ər stɪl ˌsuəˈsaɪdəl ˈæftər ə ˈdəzən ˈtritmənts, bət stɑr ˈdɑktərz prɛs ɔn wɪn ə ˈstægərˌɪŋ ˈmɛnju əv ˈɔpʃənz hæv ɔˈrɛdi bɪn traɪd. ðɪs ˈmaɪndˌsɛt lɛd pæn, ə səˈkaɪətrəst hu həz bɪn əˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ˈwɛstərn saɪk sɪns ʃi əraɪvd fər hər ˈrɛzɪdənsi ɪn 2000 tɪ traɪ ə nu əˈproʊʧ, wən ðət ˈkɑligz ər naʊ ˈkɔlɪŋ ə ˈbreɪkθˌru. pæn bɪˈgæn tɪ ʧɛk ðə ˈlɛvəlz ɪn ðə fluɪd əv hər ˈpeɪʃənz. "ðɛr hæd bɪn ˈrisərʧ frəm bæk ɪn ðə ʃoʊɪŋ loʊ sərəˈtoʊnɪn wɑz lɪŋkt tɪ dɪˈprɛʃən," ʃi sɪz. pæn ˈriˌkɔlz ˈrɛdɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪn ˈmɛdɪkəl skul. ʃi əˈproʊʧt ˈdeɪvɪd ˈfaɪnˌgoʊld, ə prəˈfɛsər əv ˈjumən ʤəˈnɛtɪks ɪn ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈpɪtsbərgz ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ, əˈbaʊt duɪŋ ə ˈləmˌbɑr ˈpəŋkʧər (ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ə ˈspaɪnəl tæp) əv ðə bɔɪ wɪθ ðə bæg əv rɑks. ðə læb wərk ɪz ˈkɑmən fər ˈʧɪldrən hu ʃoʊ saɪnz əv ə ˌnʊrəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪˈsɔrdər, bət nɑt fər ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk ˈpeɪʃənz. pæn rɪˈsivd pərˈmɪʃən fər ðə bɔɪ tɪ goʊ tɪ ˈʧɪldrənz ˈhɑˌspɪtəl əv ˈpɪtsbərg, wɪˈθɪn ðə seɪm ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈnɛtˌwərk ɛz ˈwɛstərn saɪk, fər ðə ˈləmˌbɑr ˈpəŋkʧər. ʃi faʊnd hi wɑz səˈvɪrli dɪˈfɪʃənt ɪn biopterin*, ə ˈkɛmɪkəl ðət ˈmɛni neurotransmitters*. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈgæn tɪ faɪnd ðət ˈmɛni əv hər ˈpeɪʃənz hæd ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk dɪˈfɪʃənsiz, ˈminɪŋ ðeɪ lækt səm ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈproʊˌtinz ənd smɔl ˈmɑləˌkjulz ˈnidɪd tɪ ˈprɔˌsɛs neurotransmitters*, laɪk sərəˈtoʊnɪn ənd ˈdɑpəˌmaɪn. ðɪs dɪˈfɪʃənsi kən bi ˈtritɪd wɪθ ˈæsəd (ə taɪp əv bi ˈvaɪtəmən) ənd ˈəðər ˈvaɪtəmənz juzd ɛz riˈpleɪsmənts fər ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈproʊˌtinz ənd smɔl ˈmɑləˌkjulz, ə ˈtritmənt ðət həz ˈɔlˌmoʊst noʊ saɪd ˈifɛkts. ˈæftər jɪrz əv ˈtritɪŋ ˈpeɪʃənz wɪθ ðɪs əˈproʊʧ ənd ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ keɪs ˈstədiz, pæn ˈpəblɪʃt, wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl ˈkoʊˈɑθərz, ə ˈstədi əv ɪts ˈifɛktɪvnəs ɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈʤərnəl əv sɪˈkaɪətri læst jɪr. ɪt juzd ɛz ə ˈsæmpəl 33 ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈpeɪʃənz wɪθ dɪˈprɛʃən (ðə kaɪnd ðət rɪˈmeɪnz ˈæftər æt list θri ˈtritmənt əˈʤəstmənts). tˈwɛntiˌwɔn hæd səm kaɪnd əv ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk dɪˈfɪʃənsi. noʊ wən ɪn ðə kənˈtroʊl grup hæd ˈɛni kaɪnd. ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən dɪˈfɪʃənsi wɑz ˈsɛrəbrəl ənd ˈɛvəri ˈpeɪʃənt wɪθ ðət kaɪnd ʃoʊd ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ˈæftər ˈtritmənt wɪθ ˈæsəd. "ɪf ðə ˈɪzənt ðɛr, ju kænt meɪk ˈhɛlθi waɪt ˈmætər," pæn sɪz, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ə pɑrt əv ðə breɪn ðət koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts əˈməŋ ɪts ˈriʤənz ənd ækts ɛz ə ˈhaɪˌweɪ əv ˈsɪgnəlz. "ɪts ˈvɛri ˈfrəˌstreɪtɪŋ fər ˈpeɪʃənz tɪ bi toʊld ðɛr duɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ rɔŋ wɪn ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən wɪˈθɪn ðə breɪn ʤɪst ˈɪzənt ˈhæpənɪŋ." wən səʧ ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd ˈpeɪʃənt wɑz bɛn ˈfaɪndər əv ˈpɪtsbərg, ə ˈfɔrmər stɑr ˈpeɪʃənt. ðoʊ hi hæd ə ˈnɔrməl ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd, bɛn fɛl ˈɪntu ə səˈvɪr dɪˈprɛʃən æt eɪʤ 13 "əˈkrɔs ðə bɔrd, aɪ wɑz lɛs ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn θɪŋz, lɛs ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn skul," sɪz ˈfaɪndər, naʊ 17 "mɔr ɪn ˈfrɛʃmən jɪr, aɪ hæd ə lɔt əv æŋˈzaɪəti ənd spɛnt ə bənʧ əv taɪm aʊt əv skul. ɪt gɑt təf tɪ gɪt aʊt əv bɛd." hɪz ˈməðər, ˈʤænə ˈfaɪndər, ə ˈhɛlθˌkɛr əˈtərni, sɪz ɔl bɛn ˈɛvər ˈwɔntɪd tɪ wɑz pleɪ ɔn ðə kəmˈpjutər. "wɪn hi ˈwəzənt ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðət, wi nu wi wər ɪn ˈtrəbəl." bɛn toʊld hɪz ˈpɛrənts hi wɑz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əv ˈsuɪˌsaɪd. ˈoʊvər tu jɪrz, hi wɑz ˈhɑspɪtəˌlaɪzd fɔr taɪmz. bɛnz ˈfɑðər, ˈʤɑnəθən, ɪz ə ˌpidiəˈtrɪʃən æt ˈʧɪldrənz ˈhɑˌspɪtəl əv ˈpɪtsbərg (ðə seɪm ˈhɑˌspɪtəl wɛr pæn tʊk ˈpeɪʃənz fər ˈspaɪnəl tæps) ənd sɪz biɪŋ ə ˈdɔktər dɪd nɑt priˈpɛr ɪm fər ðə sərˈil rɛlm əv ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk ˈtritmənt. "ɪts ðɪs bɪˈzɑr wərld wɛr ˈpɛrənts ər ˈskrutəˌnaɪzd," hi sɪz, "wɛr wi wər riˈstrɪktɪd ɪn haʊ məʧ taɪm wi kʊd spɛnd wɪθ ɪm ənd haʊ məʧ ˈkɑnˌtækt wi wər toʊld wɑz gʊd fər ɪm." θruaʊt bɛnz dɪˈprɛʃən, ðə ˈfaɪndərz ˈɔlsoʊ traɪd mɔr ðən 20 ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz ənd peɪd fər mægˈnɛtɪk ˌstɪmjəˈleɪʃən. ˈʤænə ˈfaɪndər meɪd ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃənz fər ðə taɪmz bɛn wɑz æt hoʊm. "aɪ wɛnt tɪ hoʊm ˈdipoʊ ənd bɔt ə lockbox*," ʃi sɪz. "aɪ pʊt ɔl ðə naɪvz, ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ʃɑrp, ˈivɪn ə ˈkɔrkˌskru waɪn ˈoʊpənər ɪn ɪt." mɔr frəm ˈtɑnɪk: ˈæftər ɔl ðiz ˈɛfərts, bɛn əˈtɛmptəd tɪ hæŋ hɪmˈsɛlf wɪθ ən ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl kɔrd ɪn 2014 ˈlidɪŋ tɪ hɪz ˈlɔŋgɪst ˌhɑspɪtələˈzeɪʃən, ˈsɛvən wiks æt ˈwɛstərn saɪk. "hi ˈdɪdənt ˈivɪn kɛr ɪf hi lɛft ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl," ˈʤænə sɪz. "ðət wɑz ə nu loʊ." ˈʤɑnəθən ˈfaɪndər ˈhæpənd əˈpɑn stɑrz ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk dɪˈsɔrdər ˈtritmənt baɪ ʧæns. hi baɪks wɪθ ə grup əv ˈdɑktərz frəm hɪz ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈnɛtˌwərk, ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈpɪtsbərg ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsɛnər. ˈhirɪŋ bɛnz plaɪt, wən əv hɪz ˈkɑligz ˈmɛnʃənd ðə juˈnik əˈproʊʧ. ðoʊ bɛn wɑz nɑt ə ˈpeɪʃənt əv pæn (ənd ɪz nɑt wən əv ðə ˈsəbʤɪkts ɪn ðə ˈstədi), ə ʤəˈnɛtəsəst skrind ɪm fər ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk dɪˈsɔrdərz. bɛnz keɪs wɑz əˈnəðər wən əv loʊ ˈsɛrəbrəl. hi bɪˈgæn ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈæsəd. "wi wɛnt tɪ si ɪm fər ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ ənd hi wɑz ˈlæfɪŋ ənd ˈfilɪŋ ˈbɛtər," ˈʤænə sɪz. "aɪ æst ɪm ɪf hi ˈfaɪnəli ˈwɔntɪd tɪ liv ənd hi smaɪld ənd ˈnɑdɪd." bɛn bɪˈkeɪm ˈæktɪv ənd ɪnˈgeɪʤd əˈgɛn, ˈivɪn ˈhɛlpɪŋ tɪ lɛd grup ˈθɛrəpi, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈfaɪndərz. "biɪŋ ɪn ˈmɛdəsən, ju doʊnt gɪt tɪ wɔʧ ˈmɪrəkəlz ˈvɛri ˈɔfən, ənd siɪŋ bɛn goʊ frəm ˌsuəˈsaɪdəl tɪ ˈnɔrməl ɪz ɛz kloʊz tɪ ə ˈmɪrəkəl ɛz aɪ hæv sin," ˈʤɑnəθən sɪz. "ənd tɪ θɪŋk ɪt wɑz ʤɪst hɪz ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈdɪfərənt neurochemicals*. ju kən ˈmɛʒər fər neurotransmitters*. ju kən ˈmɛʒər fər." ðə ˈfaɪndərz hæv gɔn ˈpəblɪk wɪθ ðɛr ˈstɔri tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈəðər ˈklɪnɪks ənd fɪˈzɪʃənz tɪ tɛst fər ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk dɪˈfɪʃənsiz. pæn sɪz ɪt kən bi ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ kənˈvɪns ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈkəmpəˌniz əv ðə ˈvælju əv ðə ˈtritmənt. ðə ˈtoʊtəl kɔst əv ə ˈspaɪnəl tæp ˈreɪnʤɪz bɪtˈwin ənd səm əv ðə ˈproʊˌtin ənd riˈpleɪsmənts ər nɑt ʧip ˈiðər. ceprotin*, ə ˈmɪksʧər ʃi həz juzd, kɔsts tɪ ə mənθ. gəˈstɑvoʊ turecki*, ʧɛr əv ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv sɪˈkaɪətri æt məˈgɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti (ənd ənəˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd wɪθ pænz ˈrisərʧ), sɪz hi wɔnts tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ðɪs ˈrisərʧ. "ɪt ɪz ˈgraʊnˌbreɪkɪŋ tɪ noʊ soʊ ˈmɛni ˌsuəˈsaɪdəl ˈtiˌneɪʤərz hæv ðiz dɪˈfɪʃənsiz," hi sɪz. pæn sɪz ʃi wʊd nɛkst laɪk tɪ ʧɛk fər ðə ʤəˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑrkərz ənd ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ baɪˈɑləʤi əv ðiz dɪˈfɪʃənsiz, wɪʧ maɪt rɪˈvil ˈwaɪdər ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər hər ˈfaɪndɪŋz. ʃi ˈkɔʃənz ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈrisərʧ ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ tinz, ənd ɪz nɑt ən ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər əv ə strɔŋ ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən ɪn ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk dɪˈfɪʃənsiz ənd ˌsuəˈsaɪdəl dɪˈprɛʃən ɪn ˈædəlts. "ðɛr ɪz stɪl soʊ məʧ tɪ dɪˈskəvər əˈbaʊt ðə breɪn," ʃi sɪz. "wi doʊnt noʊ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkɪdni, bət wi noʊ ə lɔt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkɪdni. ðə breɪn ɪz stɪl ɪn ˈmɛni weɪz ˌəndɪˈskəvərd." ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ʃi steɪz ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ˈfɔrmər ˈpeɪʃənz, ˈkipɪŋ træk əv ðɛr ˌgræʤəˈweɪʃənz ənd dɪˈgriz ənd kərɪrz. ʃi sɪz ðə ˈtərnərˌaʊnd ʃiz sin wɑz ə gərl hu wɑz ˈhɑspɪtəˌlaɪzd ɔn ənd ɔf fər ˈsɛvən jɪrz. ə fju mənθs ˈæftər ˈtritmənt fər ə ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk dɪˈfɪʃənsi ənd riˈlis, ʃi wɛnt tɪ ˈdɪzni wərld. ənd ɛz fər ðə bɔɪ wɪθ ðə ˈbækˌpæk fʊl əv rɑks, ˈæftər ˈtritmənt fər ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk dɪˈfɪʃənsiz, hi ˌɪmˈpruvd. pæn kips ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ɪm. hi wɛnt ɔn tɪ lɛd ə ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈnɔrməl laɪf, ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli əˈtɛndɪŋ ˈkɑlɪʤ. "hi həz ə dɪˈgri ɪn baɪˈɑləʤi naʊ," pæn sɪz, "ənd wərks ɪn ˈbɑtəni." kərˈɛkʃən ə ˈpriviəs ˈvərʒən əv ðɪs ˈstɔri ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ðə ˈfaɪndərz spɛnt ɔn ˈθɛrəpi. ðeɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli spɛnt ɪt ɔn mægˈnɛtɪk ˌstɪmjəˈleɪʃən. ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsteɪtɪd ðət bɛn ˈfaɪndərz səˈkaɪətrəst skrind ɪm fər ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk dɪˈsɔrdərz. ɪt wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ə ʤəˈnɛtəsəst hu pərˈfɔrmd ðə ˈskrinɪŋ. ˈtɑnɪk rɪˈgrɛts ðə ˈɛrərz.

godong/getty images/brian hagiwara one day, a teenage patient walked into lisa pan's office carrying a backpack full of rocks. he told her that after their appointment he planned to jump off a bridge and let the load carry him to the bottom of one of pittsburgh's rivers. "by that time, we had already tried 17 medications and he wasn't any better," recalls pan, a psychiatrist at the western psychiatric institute and clinic. he had started cutting himself at age 11 and was previously hospitalized after swallowing a handful of pills from his grandmother's medicine cabinet in a suicide attempt. "i knew i couldn't let him leave," pan says. she hospitalized him again, as an immediate solution. as for what to do in the longer term, that's always a difficult process in pan's particular department at western psych, the star (services for teens at risk) center. star serves severely depressed children and teenagers from across the region. parents often consult the clinic for assessment, referrals, and treatment after taking their child to a therapist, trying multiple medications, or following a hospitalization. it's not uncommon for some families to have locked up all the medications, knives, ropes and extension cords at home, rearranging their lives to monitor their child's self-harming behavior. schools also refer students after frequent absences, or when behavioral problems prevent them from moving up a grade. some star patients are still suicidal after a dozen treatments, but star doctors press on when a staggering menu of options have already been tried. this mindset led pan, a dartmouth-trained psychiatrist who has been affiliated with western psych since she arrived for her residency in 2000, to try a new approach, one that colleagues are now calling a breakthrough. pan began to check the neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of her patients. "there had been research from back in the 1980s showing low serotonin metabolites was linked to depression," she says. pan recalls reading about it in medical school. she approached david finegold, a professor of human genetics in the university of pittsburgh's graduate school of public health, about doing a lumbar puncture (also known as a spinal tap) of the boy with the bag of rocks. the lab work is common for children who show signs of a neurological disorder, but not for psychiatric patients. pan received permission for the boy to go to children's hospital of pittsburgh, within the same hospital network as western psych, for the lumbar puncture. she found he was severely deficient in biopterin, a chemical that synthesizes many neurotransmitters. she also began to find that many of her patients had metabolic deficiencies, meaning they lacked some the basic proteins and small molecules needed to process mood-stabilizing neurotransmitters, like serotonin and dopamine. this deficiency can be treated with folinic acid (a type of b vitamin) and other vitamins used as replacements for the missing proteins and small molecules, a treatment that has almost no side effects. after years of treating patients with this approach and publishing case studies, pan published, with several coauthors, a study of its effectiveness in the american journal of psychiatry last year. it used as a sample 33 teenage patients with treatment-resistant depression (the kind that remains after at least three treatment adjustments). twenty-one had some kind of metabolic deficiency. no one in the control group had any kind. the most common deficiency was cerebral folate and every patient with that kind showed improvement after treatment with folinic acid. "if the folate isn't there, you can't make healthy white matter," pan says, referring to a part of the brain that coordinates among its regions and acts as a highway of signals. "it's very frustrating for patients to be told they're doing something wrong when the communication within the brain just isn't happening." one such frustrated patient was ben finder of pittsburgh, a former star patient. though he had a normal childhood, ben fell into a severe depression at age 13. "across the board, i was less interested in things, less interested in school," says finder, now 17. "more in freshman year, i had a lot of anxiety and spent a bunch of time out of school. it got tough to get out of bed." his mother, jana finder, a healthcare attorney, says all ben ever wanted to was play on the computer. "when he wasn't interested in that, we knew we were in trouble." ben told his parents he was thinking of suicide. over two years, he was hospitalized four times. ben's father, jonathan, is a pediatrician at children's hospital of pittsburgh (the same hospital where pan took patients for spinal taps) and says being a doctor did not prepare him for the surreal realm of in-patient psychiatric treatment. "it's this bizarre world where parents are scrutinized," he says, "where we were restricted in how much time we could spend with him and how much contact we were told was good for him." throughout ben's depression, the finders also tried more than 20 medications and paid $16,000 out-of-pocket for transcranial magnetic stimulation. jana finder made preparations for the times ben was at home. "i went to home depot and bought a lockbox," she says. "i put all the knives, anything sharp, even a corkscrew wine opener in it." more from tonic: after all these efforts, ben attempted to hang himself with an electrical cord in 2014, leading to his longest hospitalization, seven weeks at western psych. "he didn't even care if he left the hospital," jana says. "that was a new low." jonathan finder happened upon star's metabolic disorder treatment by chance. he bikes with a group of doctors from his hospital network, the university of pittsburgh medical center. hearing ben's plight, one of his colleagues mentioned the unique approach. though ben was not a patient of pan (and is not one of the subjects in the study), a geneticist screened him for metabolic disorders. ben's case was another one of low cerebral folate. he began taking folinic acid. "we went to see him for thanksgiving and he was laughing and feeling better," jana says. "i asked him if he finally wanted to leave and he smiled and nodded." ben became active and engaged again, even helping to lead group therapy, according to the finders. "being in medicine, you don't get to watch miracles very often, and seeing ben go from suicidal to normal is as close to a miracle as i have seen," jonathan says. "and to think it was just his levels of different neurochemicals. you can measure for neurotransmitters. you can measure for metabolites." the finders have gone public with their story to encourage other clinics and physicians to test for metabolic deficiencies. pan says it can be difficult to convince insurance companies of the value of the treatment. the total cost of a spinal tap ranges between $3,000 and $5,000. some of the protein and small-molecule replacements are not cheap either. ceprotin, a mixture she has used, costs $7,000 to $10,000 a month. gustavo turecki, chair of the department of psychiatry at mcgill university (and unaffiliated with pan's research), says he wants to replicate this research. "it is groundbreaking to know so many suicidal teenagers have these deficiencies," he says. pan says she would next like to check for the genetic markers and underlying biology of these deficiencies, which might reveal wider implications for her findings. she cautions that the current research is limited to teens, and is not an indicator of a strong correlation in metabolic deficiencies and suicidal depression in adults. "there is still so much to discover about the brain," she says. "we don't know everything about the kidney, but we know a lot about the kidney. the brain is still in many ways undiscovered." in the meantime, she stays in contact with former patients, keeping track of their graduations and degrees and careers. she says the starkest turnaround she's seen was a girl who was hospitalized on and off for seven years. a few months after treatment for a metabolic deficiency and release, she went to disney world. and as for the boy with the backpack full of rocks, after treatment for metabolic deficiencies, he improved. pan keeps in contact with him. he went on to lead a relatively normal life, eventually attending college. "he has a degree in biology now," pan says, "and works in botany." correction 8/17/2017: a previous version of this story stated that the finders spent $16,000 out-of-pocket on electroconvulsive therapy. they actually spent it on transcranial magnetic stimulation. the article also stated that ben finder's psychiatrist screened him for metabolic disorders. it was actually a geneticist who performed the screening. tonic regrets the errors.

ə ˈloʊkəl əˈtərni ɪz kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ waɪ ˈɛvədəns frəm ə 2013 ˈdɛdli ˈʃutɪŋ həz bɪn dɪˈstrɔɪd ənd ˈpɑsəbli mɪˈspleɪst. stɔrt ˈkæplən ɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə ˈfæməli əv ˈrɪʧərd ˈhæstən, hu wɑz ʃɑt ənd kɪld baɪ ˈmɑrtɪn ˈkaʊnti ˈdɛpjəti ʤeɪmz ˈwɔrən ɪn 2013 rɪˈleɪtɪd: ˈfæməli tɪ su ˈmɑrtɪn koʊ. ˈʃɛrɪfs ˈɔfəs ˈwɔrən wɑz klɪrd baɪ ə grænd ˈʤʊri əv ˈɛni ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʧɑrʤɪz, bət ˈfæməli ɪz pərˈsuɪŋ ə ˈsɪvəl ˈlɔˌsut əˈgɛnst ðə ˈmɑrtɪn ˈkaʊnti ˈɔfəs. ˈkæplən sɪz ɛz hi həz bɪn pərˈpɛrɪŋ fər ðə ˈlɔˌsut, hi həz nɑt bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪt hɪz hænz ɔn ə ˈkəpəl ˈpisɪz əv ki ˈɛvədəns, hi sɪz. ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ən ˈɛriəl mæp, wɪʧ ˈkæplən sɪz ˈwɔrən wʊd hæv juzd tɪ mɑrk wɛr hi wɑz ɪn loʊˈkeɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈvɪktɪm æt ðə taɪm əv ðə ˈʃutɪŋ. mæp, wi bɪˈliv, ɪz ˈvɛri ˈkrɪtɪkəl bɪˈkəz wi bɪˈliv ɪt wɑz ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈɛvədəns ðət wɑz lɛft behind,”*,” ˈkæplən sɛd. hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɪz ən ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv rɪˈpɔrt frəm ən ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər wɪθ ðə steɪt ˈɔfəs wɑz dɪˈstrɔɪd. ˈkæplən sɛd ɪt wʊd hæv ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ˈlərnɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kɔrs əv ðɛr ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ʧoʊz fər ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈrizən tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ðət report,”*,” ˈkæplən sɛd. ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ɪz ðət ðeɪ ˈoʊnli rɪˈteɪn ðoʊz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv rɪˈpɔrts fər ˈoʊnli wən year.”*.” ˈkæplən sɪz ðə ˈfæməli əv ərˈɪʤənəl əˈtərni sɛnt ə ˈlɛtər əv ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈmɑrtɪn ˈkaʊnti ˈɔfəs ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə ˈʃutɪŋ, wɪʧ ˈkæplən sɪz sərvz ɛz ə ˈfɔrməl rɪkˈwɛst tɪ prɪˈzərv ˈɛni ənd ɔl ˈɛvədəns juzd ɪn ðə keɪs. bɪˈkəz əv ðət rɪkˈwɛst, ˈkæplən sɪz ˈnəθɪŋ ʃʊd hæv bɪn dɪˈstrɔɪd. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈkaʊnti ˈɔfəs sɪz wi hæv ə ˈkɑpi əv ɪt. ənd ðə steɪt ˈɔfəs ækˈnɑlɪʤɪz ənd kənˈsidz ðət ðeɪ dɪˈstrɔɪd it,”*,” ˈkæplən sɛd. ˈkæplən ɪz naʊ ˈplænɪŋ tɪ brɪŋ ðiz kənˈsərnz tɪ ə ˈfɛdərəl ʤəʤ ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈhirɪŋ ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər, ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ɔl ˈɛvədəns kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi kɛpt. θɪŋk ðət ɪn ðə wərld ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn, ðɛr nidz tɪ bi ə haɪər ˈlɛvəl əv ˈskrutəni nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪn ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈprɔˌsɛs, bət ɪn ðə ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv process,”*,” ˈkæplən sɛd. ðə ˈmɑrtɪn ˈkaʊnti ˈɔfəs ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt seɪɪŋ ðə ˈʃɛrɪf wʊd tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈɪʃu ənd rɪfˈjut ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃən, bət ɪz prɪˈvɛnɪd baɪ ˈvərʧu əv ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈmætər ɪn ˈəndər investigation.”*.”

a local attorney is questioning why evidence from a 2013 deputy-involved deadly shooting has been destroyed and possibly misplaced. stuart kaplan is representing the family of richard haston, who was shot and killed by martin county deputy james warren in 2013. related: haston's family to sue martin co. sheriff's office warren was cleared by a grand jury of any criminal charges, but haston’s family is pursuing a civil lawsuit against the martin county sheriff’s office. kaplan says as he has been preparing for the lawsuit, he has not been able to get his hands on a couple pieces of key evidence, he says. that includes an aerial map, which kaplan says warren would have used to mark where he was in location to the victim at the time of the shooting. “that map, we believe, is very critical because we believe it was inconsistent with the physical evidence that was left behind,” kaplan said. he also says an investigative report from an investigator with the state attorney’s office was destroyed. kaplan said it would have included information investigators learned during the course of their investigation. “they chose for whatever reason to destroy that report,” kaplan said. “their explanation is that they only retain those investigative reports for only one year.” kaplan says the family of haston’s original attorney sent a letter of preservation to the martin county sheriff’s office shortly after the shooting, which kaplan says serves as a formal request to preserve any and all evidence used in the case. because of that request, kaplan says nothing should have been destroyed. “the martin county sheriff’s office says we don’t have a copy of it. and the state attorney’s office acknowledges and concedes that they destroyed it,” kaplan said. kaplan is now planning to bring these concerns to a federal judge during a hearing in november, wanting to make sure all evidence continues to be kept. “i think that in the world living in, there needs to be a higher level of scrutiny not only in the criminal process, but in the administrative process,” kaplan said. the martin county sheriff’s office issued wptv a statement saying the sheriff would “love to address the issue and refute the allegation, but is prevented by virtue of the fact that the matter in under investigation.”

jɛs, bɪn əˈwaɪl sɪns hərd frəm ˈjuˈɛs, ənd wi sɪnˈsɪrli əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz fər ðɪs. nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ meɪk ɪkˈskjuzɪz ɪkˈsɛpt tɪ seɪ ðət ɪf wi toʊld ju bɪn ˈvɛri ˈbɪzi, ɪt wʊd bi ə səˈprim ˈəndərˌsteɪtmənt. bət, tɪ ˈænsər ˈmɛni əv jʊr ɪn ə ˈsɪŋgəl bloʊ, wi wʊd laɪk tɪ steɪt wi ər ˌɪnˈdid stɪl ɔn ˈskɛʤʊl tɪ stɑrt ˈʃɪpɪŋ jʊr ˈsɪstəmz ɪn ˈeɪprəl. ˈmeɪbi leɪt ˈeɪprəl, bət ˈeɪprəl ˌnənðəˈlɛs. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ɔl ˈgæðər əraʊnd ənd ʧæt ə bɪt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ geɪm dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈkɑnfərəns 2016 wi wɪl bi æt, buθ 502 ənd wɪl bi ʃoʊɪŋ ɑr ˈleɪtəst ənd ˈgreɪtəst geɪm ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp:. ə ˈvɛri kul beɪst ˈɑrʧəri geɪm (ɪf ðɛr wɑz ˈɛni ˈbɛnəfɪt tɪ ðə ˈhɑrdˌwɛr dɪˈleɪz wi ɪkˈspɪriənst, ɪt əˈlaʊd ˈjuˈɛs ðə taɪm tɪ dɪˈvɛləp səm ˈrɪli ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz). wɪl ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs tu ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ˈməltiˌpleɪər æt. ðə fərst ˈsteɪʃən wɪl hæv pleɪərz ɪn ə mɪˈdjivəl ˈɑrʧəri ˈtreɪnɪŋ graʊnd ˈʃutɪŋ ˈsteɪʃəˌnɛri, ˈmuvɪŋ, ˈbreɪkəbəl, ənd ɪkˈsploʊsɪv ˈtɑrgəts, kəmˈpitɪŋ fər ðə haɪəst skɔr. ðɪs ɪz ə fər ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈsteɪʃən wɪʧ həz pleɪərz ɪn ə mɔr ˈstrɛsfəl, koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪv ˈkæsəl dɪˈfɛns sɪˈnɛrioʊ. pleɪərz wɪl hæv tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər, ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈmɪksʧər əv ˈrɛgjələr, ɪkˈsploʊsɪv, ənd ˌɪnˈsɛndiɛri ˈɛroʊz tɪ fɛnd ɔf ə hɔrd əv əˈtækərz. dɪd wi ˈmɛnʃən ðeɪ hæv siʤ ˈwɛpənz? bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæv siʤ ˈwɛpənz. hoʊp ɔl ðət ˈpræktɪs ɪn ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ graʊnd peɪd ɔf... ənd jɛs, ɪn keɪs ˈwəndərɪŋ, ðɪs geɪm wɪl bi fri fər ɔl ˈbækərz wɪn riˈlist. əˈsaɪd frəm ðə ɔl ðə fən ənd geɪmz wi, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ɑr ˈpɑrtnər, wɪl bi ɔf ə ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈsɪstəm. hir ɪz ə bɪt əv ˈbækˌgraʊnd ənd səm ˈditeɪlz: ɪn 2015 entertainment®*® ənd ˈkəstəm kəmˈpjutərz ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ðɛr ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp tɪ ɛnˈhæns ðə ˈvərʧuəl ˌriˈæləˌti ˈlænˌskeɪp baɪ ˈmərʤɪŋ ðɛr ˈkəmpəˌniz' ˈvɪʒənz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈɪndəstri. ðə sixense®*® stɛm ˈsɪstəm ɪz ə ˈwaɪrlɪs ˈmoʊʃən ˈtrækɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrm ðət ɪˈneɪbəlz ˈgeɪmərz tɪ ˌɪnərˈækt ˈnæʧərəli ənd ˌɪnˈtuɪtɪvli baɪ ˈtrækɪŋ fʊl pəˈzɪʃənz ənd ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən æt ɔl taɪmz. ðə stɛm ˈsɪstəm ɪˈneɪbəlz ðə ˈfridəm əv ˈmuvmənt fər ˈɛni ækˈtɪvɪti, ˈspænɪŋ ðə ˈspɛktrəm frəm ˈdɛskˌtɑp kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈgeɪmɪŋ tɪ wɪθ fʊl ˈbɑdi ˈtrækɪŋ ənd ˌloʊkəˈmoʊʃən. ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪz ɪn ðə dɪˈzaɪn, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, ənd ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ əv ˈkəstəˌmaɪzd, kəmˈpjutərz. ðə ˈeɪvə ˈdɛskˌtɑp ˈsɪriz ɪz bɪlt ˈjuzɪŋ ðə prɛˈmɪr ˈhɑrdˌwɛr kəmˈpoʊnənts, ˈkəpəld wɪθ ɑr ˈstændərd ˈtɛstɪŋ tɪ mit ðə moʊst dɪˈmændɪŋ ˈvərʧuəl ˌriˈæləˌti rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. fər 2016 ənd ər ˈvɛri ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ əˈnaʊns ðət wən ˈləki ˈwɪnər wɪl bi rɪˈsivɪŋ ə stɛm ənd ən ˈeɪvə ˈəltəmət ˈdɛskˌtɑp. əˈgɛn, wi əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz fər ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən gæp ənd wi ˈwɔrmli ˌɪnˈvaɪt ˈɛni əv ju əˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ drɔp baɪ ðə buθ, 502 tɪ traɪ ðə nu geɪm ənd ˈɛnər fər ə ʧæns tɪ wɪn jʊr ˈvɛri oʊn ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈsɪstəm: drɔɪŋ wɪl bi hɛld æt piɛm ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, mɑrʧ 18th*, ɪn ðə buθ 502 ˈwɪnər nid nɑt bi ˈprɛzənt æt taɪm əv drɔɪŋ. wi hoʊp tɪ si ju ðɛr! stiv

yes, it’s been awhile since you’ve heard from us, and we sincerely apologize for this. we’re not going to make excuses except to say that if we told you we’ve been very busy, it would be a supreme understatement. but, to answer many of your questions/comments in a single blow, we would like to state we are indeed still on schedule to start shipping your long-awaited systems in april. maybe late april, but april nonetheless. in the meantime, let’s all gather around and chat a bit about the upcoming game developers conference 2016. we will be at gdc, booth #502, and will be showing our latest and greatest game prototype: siegevr. it’s a very cool ue4 based multi-player archery game (if there was any benefit to the hardware delays we experienced, it allowed us the time to develop some really exciting applications). siegevr will showcase two stages of multiplayer game-play at gdc. the first two-player station will have players in a medieval archery training ground shooting stationary, moving, breakable, and explosive targets, competing for the highest score. this is a warm-up for the second station which has players in a more stressful, cooperative castle defense scenario. players will have to work together, using a mixture of regular, explosive, and incendiary arrows to fend off a horde of undead attackers. did we mention they have siege weapons? because they have siege weapons. let’s hope all that practice in the training ground paid off... and yes, in case you’re wondering, this game will be free for all kickstarter backers when it’s released. aside from the all the fun and games we, along with our partner avadirect, will be raffling off a vr gaming system. here is a bit of background and some details: in 2015, sixense entertainment® and avadirect custom computers initiated their partnership to enhance the virtual reality landscape by merging their companies' visions within the industry. the sixense® stem system is a wireless motion tracking platform that enables gamers to interact naturally and intuitively by tracking full positions and orientation at all times. the stem system enables the freedom of movement for any activity, spanning the spectrum from desktop competitive gaming to vr with full body tracking and locomotion. avadirect specializes in the design, engineering, and manufacturing of customized, high-performance computers. the ava sixense vr desktop series is built using the industry’s premier hardware components, coupled with our standard testing to meet the most demanding virtual reality requirements. for gdc 2016, sixense and avadirect are very excited to announce that one lucky winner will be receiving a 5-tracker sixense stem devkit and an ava sixense vr ultimate desktop. again, we apologize for the communication gap and we warmly invite any of you attending gdc to drop by the sixense booth, #502, to try the new multi-player siegevr game and enter for a chance to win your very own vr gaming system: drawing will be held at 3:00 pm pst on friday, march 18th, in the sixense booth #502. winner need not be present at time of drawing. we hope to see you there! steve --)----------

pɛp gɑrdiˈoʊlə həz ərʤd rəˈhim ˈstərlɪŋ tɪ stɛp əp ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv ˈkɛvɪn də, wɪθ ˈmænˌʧɛstər ˈsɪti ˈfɪrɪŋ ðə ˈbɛlʤəm kʊd bi aʊt fər ˈnɪrli ə mənθ bɪˈkəz əv ə ˈhæmˌstrɪŋ ˈɪnʤəri. ˈmænˌʧɛstər ˈsɪti kip ˈpərˌfɪkt stɑrt ɛz ˈsərˌʤjoʊ ˈpənɪʃəz ˈsɪti rɛd mɔr də lɪmpt aʊt əv sɪksθ səkˈsɛsɪv prɛˈmɪr lig ˈvɪktəri ˈəndər gɑrdiˈoʊlə ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ə wɪn æt ˈsɪti ˈæftər səˈsteɪnɪŋ ðə ˈprɑbləm. ðə ˈmænɪʤər ədˈmɪtəd ˈæftərwərdz ðət ðə prɑgˈnoʊsəs dɪd nɑt lʊk gʊd, wɪθ ˈmɛdɪkəl stæf du tɪ əˈsɛs hɪz kənˈdɪʃən ɔn ˈsənˌdi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, waɪl ðə pleɪər wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk hi hæd ˈsəfərd ˈoʊnli ə ˈmaɪnər streɪn ənd wʊd bi ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnd fər ə ˈkəpəl əv wiks, ɪt ɪz ˌəndərˈstʊd ðət ðə ˈɪnʤəri ɪz ə ˈmaɪnər tɪr ənd hi ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi aʊt fər əp tɪ ə mənθ. ˈsɪti ər nɑt ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ tɪ hæv ə fʊl prɑgˈnoʊsəs əv də ˈhæmˌstrɪŋ ˈprɑbləm fər æt list ðə nɛkst 48 aʊərz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪf ə tɪr ɪz kənˈfərmd ɪt wʊd rul ɪm aʊt əv ˈʧæmpiənz lig taɪ æt ˈsɛltɪk, mæʧ æt ˈtɑtənˌhæm ənd ðə ˈfɪksʧər əˈgɛnst ˈɛvərtən ˈæftər ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl breɪk, wɪθ ðə ˈʧæmpiənz lig geɪm əˈgɛnst ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ɔn 19 ɑkˈtoʊbər ɪn fər hɪz rɪˈtərn. gɑrdiˈoʊlə ədˈmɪtəd hɪz ˈæbsəns wɪl bi ə bloʊ bət bɪˈlivz ˈstərlɪŋ hu skɔrd hɪz fɔrθ prɛˈmɪr lig goʊl əv ðə ˈsizən ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ kən fɪl ðə briʧ. ɪz nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ pleɪ ðə nɛkst geɪmz ənd naʊ wi nid tɪ kip goʊɪŋ ənd wɪn ðə geɪmz wɪˈθaʊt ɪm. wi hæv tɪ du that,”*,” hi sɛd. filz ðət. hi filz ðət hɪz əˈpriʃiˌeɪt hɪz ˈɛfərts ðə stæf, ðə ˈkoʊʧɪz wi ər soʊ ˈhæpi əˈbaʊt wət hi həz. bət əˈgɛn ðɪs ɪz ˈoʊnli sɛpˈtɛmbər. aɪ wʊd laɪk tɪ bi ɪn meɪ wɪθ wən geɪm lɛft bət wi ər ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər ənd wi hæv ˈoʊnli pleɪd sɪks geɪmz. wi hæv ə lɔt əv geɪmz tɪ play.”*.” ˈstərlɪŋ wɑz fər hɪz pərˈfɔrmənsɪz æt ˈjʊrə 2016 ˈæftər ə ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn ðət ˈɛndɪd wɪθ ˈɪŋglənd biɪŋ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪd baɪ ˈaɪslənd ɪn ðə læst 16 jɛt ðə pleɪər hu kɔst frəm ˈlɪvərˌpul ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv gɑrdiˈoʊlə, ðə ˈfɔrmər ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ənd mˈjunɪk ˈmænɪʤər, ɪn ðə ˈsəmər həz hɛlpt tɪ ˈtrænsfɔrm hɪz əˈproʊʧ. ˈmænɪʤər həz toʊld mi tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˈskɔrɪŋ goʊlz ənd siɪŋ ðə bɔl goʊ ˈɪntu ðə bæk əv ðə nɛt. hi gɪvz ˈɛvriˌwən ðə ˈkɑnfədɛns, nɑt ʤɪst me,”*,” ˈstərlɪŋ sɛd. gɪvz ˈɛvriˌwən ðə bɪˈlif ənd ðə ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən. hɪz spiʧ ˌbiˈfɔr [ðə geɪm] wɑz fænˈtæstɪk ənd ɪt minz ðət wɪn ju goʊ aʊt ɔn tɪ ðə pɪʧ ju ər ˈrɪli faɪərd əp fər ðə geɪm. ðɪs ɪz ə tim ðət ɪz fərˈɛvər groʊɪŋ ənd dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ. ðoʊz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ, ðə tim ˈspɪrɪt ɪz greɪt ɪn ðə ˈdrɛsɪŋ rum, ɔn ðə pɪʧ, wi ər ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər iʧ ˈəðər ənd wi nid tɪ kip ðət goʊɪŋ. wi ər traɪɪŋ tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ənd nɑt rɪˈlæks, ðət ɪz wət ðə ˈmænɪʤər ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈjuˈɛs tɪ do.”*.” hi ˈædɪd: hæv hæd ə fju ˈʧænsɪz ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz ənd aɪ nid tɪ bi ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ ðɛm ɔf. wət ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ meɪk mi ðə pleɪər aɪ wɔnt tɪ bi ɪz ˈskɔrɪŋ mɔr goʊlz, biɪŋ kul ɪn frənt əv goʊl ənd ˈskɔrɪŋ ɛz ˈmɛni ɛz aɪ can.”*.” ˈsɪti wɪl ˈvɪzɪt ˈsɛltɪk ˈeɪmɪŋ tɪ əˈʧiv ən səkˈsɛsɪv ˈvɪktəri ɪn ɔl ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃənz ˈəndər gɑrdiˈoʊlə. ˈstərlɪŋ wɪl kəm əp əˈgɛnst ˈbrɛndən ˈrɑʤərz, hu geɪv ɪm hɪz fʊl prɛˈmɪr lig ˈdeɪbju æt ˈlɪvərˌpul ɪn 2012 ənd hi ədˈmɪtəd hɪz ˈfɔrmər ˈmænɪʤər həz pleɪd ə ˈkruʃəl roʊl ɪn hɪz dɪˈvɛləpmənt. wɑz ˈmæsɪv fər mi. aɪ traɪ tɪ lərn frəm ˈɛvəri ˈmænɪʤər aɪ wərk wɪθ ənd hi ɪz ə mæn aɪ ˈdɛfənətli ˈlərnɪd ə lɔt from,”*,” ˈstərlɪŋ sɛd. hi fərst muvd frəm ˈlɪvərˌpul aɪ spoʊk tɪ ɪm ðɛn ənd hæv ˈspoʊkən tɪ ɪm ə ˈkəpəl əv taɪmz sɪns. aɪ hæv ʧeɪnʤd maɪ ˈnəmbər ə ˈkəpəl əv taɪmz sɪns ðɛn, soʊ aɪ lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈkæʧɪŋ əp wɪθ ɪm ənd ˈhoʊpfəli ˈgɪtɪŋ hɪz nu ˈnəmbər. ɪz ə fænˈtæstɪk gaɪ. hi pleɪd mi ɪn ˈdɪfərənt pəˈzɪʃənz tɪ hɛlp mi ˌəndərˈstænd ðoʊz roʊlz ənd wət ɪt tʊk. hi geɪv mi ə lɔt əv ˈkɑnfədɛns. ɪt wɪl bi gʊd tɪ si ɪm əˈgɛn ənd aɪ wɪʃ ɪm wɛl bət ɔn ðə deɪ ɪt ɔl kəmz daʊn tɪ ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə game.”*.”

pep guardiola has urged raheem sterling to step up in the absence of kevin de bruyne, with manchester city fearing the belgium playmaker could be out for nearly a month because of a hamstring injury. manchester city keep perfect start as sergio agüero punishes swansea city read more de bruyne limped out of city’s sixth successive premier league victory under guardiola on saturday a 3-1 win at swansea city after sustaining the problem. the manager admitted afterwards that the prognosis did not look good, with medical staff due to assess his condition on sunday. however, while the player was initially optimistic he had suffered only a minor strain and would be sidelined for a couple of weeks, it is understood that the injury is a minor tear and he is likely to be out for up to a month. city are not expecting to have a full prognosis of de bruyne’s hamstring problem for at least the next 48 hours, although if a tear is confirmed it would rule him out of wednesday’s champions league tie at celtic, sunday’s top-of-the-table match at tottenham hotspur and the fixture against everton after the international break, with the champions league game against barcelona on 19 october pencilled in for his return. guardiola admitted his absence will be a blow but believes sterling who scored his fourth premier league goal of the season on saturday can fill the breach. “kevin is not going to play the next games and now we need to keep going and win the games without him. we have to do that,” he said. “raheem feels that. he feels that his team-mates appreciate his efforts the staff, the coaches we are so happy about what he has. but again this is only september. i would like to be in may with one game left but we are in september and we have only played six games. we have a lot of games to play.” sterling was criticised for his performances at euro 2016 after a disappointing campaign that ended with england being eliminated by iceland in the last 16. yet the player who cost £49m from liverpool acknowledged that the arrival of guardiola, the former barcelona and bayern munich manager, in the summer has helped to transform his approach. “the manager has told me to enjoy scoring goals and seeing the ball go into the back of the net. he gives everyone the confidence, not just me,” sterling said. “he gives everyone the belief and the motivation. his speech before [the game] was fantastic and it means that when you go out on to the pitch you are really fired up for the game. this is a team that is forever growing and developing. those relationships are developing, the team spirit is great in the dressing room, on the pitch, we are fighting for each other and we need to keep that going. we are trying to improve and not relax, that is what the manager is trying to get us to do.” he added: “i have had a few chances over the last couple of years and i need to be finishing them off. what is going to make me the player i want to be is scoring more goals, being cool in front of goal and scoring as many as i can.” city will visit celtic aiming to achieve an 11th successive victory in all competitions under guardiola. sterling will come up against brendan rodgers, who gave him his full premier league debut at liverpool in 2012, and he admitted his former manager has played a crucial role in his development. “he was massive for me. i try to learn from every manager i work with and he is a man i definitely learned a lot from,” sterling said. “when he first moved from liverpool i spoke to him then and have spoken to him a couple of times since. i have changed my number a couple of times since then, so i look forward to catching up with him and hopefully getting his new number. “he is a fantastic guy. he played me in different positions to help me understand those roles and what it took. he gave me a lot of confidence. it will be good to see him again and i wish him well but on the day it all comes down to winning the game.”

stɑr wɔrz ridz deɪ ɪz bæk ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd, wɪθ ɑkˈtoʊbər biɪŋ sɛt ɛz ðə əˈfɪʃəl deɪt tɪ ˈsɛləˌbreɪt stɑr wɔrz ənd ˈrɛdɪŋ. wət ə greɪt aɪˈdiə tɪ ˈkɑmbaɪn ðə tu ənd græb kɪdz əˈtɛnʃən ˈhoʊpfəli ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ðoʊz hu ər rɪˈləktənt tɪ spɛnd taɪm wɪθ bʊks, ənd ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ ˈrɛdɪŋ fər ðoʊz hu ɔˈrɛdi ləv ɪt. tɪ mɑrk ðə əˈkeɪʒən, wi wər sɛnt ə səˈlɛkʃən əv stɑr wɔrz bʊks frəm ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ. ɔl əv ðə bʊks ər ˈprɪti ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ənd hæv bɪn lɑts əv fən fər maɪ bɔɪz. ðə bʊks ʃoʊn əˈbəv ər: stɑr wɔrz ˈdudəlz stɑr wɔrz stɑr wɔrz ðə ˈɛmpaɪər straɪks bæk ækˈtɪvɪti bʊk maɪ bɔɪz 4 5 ənd 7 hæv ʤɪst bɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu stɑr wɔrz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪr ənd ðeɪ wər ɔl ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ ʧɛk aʊt ðiz bʊks, ənd spɛnt ˈplɛnti əv taɪm wɪθ ðɛm ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈlʊkɪŋ θru iʧ əv ðə bʊks ənd kəmˈplitɪŋ ðə ækˈtɪvɪtiz. sɪns ɔl əv ðə bʊks ər ˈvɛri ˌɪnərˈæktɪv, wɪθ ˈlʊkɪŋ ənd ˈsərʧɪŋ, ənd ˈsɑlvɪŋ ˈpəzəlz, ðeɪ wʊd bi ə greɪt ˈɔpʃən fər ˈʧɪldrən hu du ʃaɪ əˈweɪ frəm ˈsɪtɪŋ ənd ˈrɛdɪŋ lɔŋ bʊks baɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ðɪs taɪp əv bʊk ɪz lɛs ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪtɪŋ, ənd wɪn ðə bʊks hæv ˈkɛrɪktərz ðət ðeɪ ləv laɪk stɑr wɔrz, ðɛn ðeɪ hɛlp ðɛmˈsɛlvz frəm ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd! ðə stɑr wɔrz reɪnʤ əv bʊks frəm ɪz greɪt, wɪθ ˈplɛnti əv ˈditeɪl ɪn iʧ wən. ju maɪt ˈɔlsoʊ laɪk səm əv ðiz stɑr wɔrz geɪmz ənd bʊks: stɑr wɔrz ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ju nid tɪ noʊ tɑps ˈʤərni tɪ stɑr wɔrz ðə fɔrs əˈweɪkənz ˈtreɪdɪŋ kɑrd ˈstɑrtər pæk dɑrθ ˈveɪdər ənd frɛndz stɑr wɔrz workbooks*: ˈeɪˌbiˌsi fən ɪf ju ˈfænsi ˈwɪnɪŋ ə ˈbəndəl əv ɔl əv ðiz stɑr wɔrz bʊks, ˈɛnər ˈviə ðə glim ˈwɪʤɪt æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə poʊst. gʊd lək ənd meɪ ðə fɔrs bi wɪθ ju! wi pʊt təˈgɛðər ə ʃɔrt ˈvɪdioʊ soʊ ðət zi kən gɪv ju ə pik ˌɪnˈsaɪd səm əv ðə bʊks ənd wɔʧ aʊt fər hɪz laɪt ˈseɪbər ˈækʃən æt ðə ɛnd! klɪk hir tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈprɪntəbəl ˈsæmpəl ˈpeɪʤɪz frəm ðə ækˈtɪvɪti bʊks ʃoʊn, ənd ˈəðərz! stɑr wɔrz ridz ˈgɪvəˌweɪ fər jʊr ʧæns tɪ wɪn ə ˈbəndəl əv ɔl əv ðə bʊks ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ðɪs poʊst, ˈɛnər ˈviə ðə glim ˈwɪʤɪt bɪˈloʊ. stɑr wɔrz ridz fər fʊl tərmz ənd kənˈdɪʃənz si ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə glim ˈwɪʤɪt. ˈgɪvəˌweɪ ənd poʊst ˈspɑnsərd baɪ

star wars reads day is back this weekend, with 10th october being set as the official date to celebrate star wars and reading. what a great idea to combine the two and grab kids attention – hopefully encouraging those who are reluctant to spend time with books, and celebrating reading for those who already love it. to mark the occasion, we were sent a selection of star wars books from egmont publishing. all of the books are pretty interactive and have been lots of fun for my boys. the books shown above are: star wars doodles star wars where’s wookie star wars the empire strikes back activity book my boys (4, 5 and 7) have just been getting into star wars over the past year and they were all excited to check out these books, and spent plenty of time with them over the weekend looking through each of the books and completing the activities. since all of the books are very interactive, with looking and searching, doodling and solving puzzles, they would be a great option for children who do shy away from sitting and reading long books by themselves – this type of book is less intimidating, and when the books have characters that they love like star wars, then they can’t help themselves from getting interested! the star wars range of books from egmont is great, with plenty of detail in each one. you might also like some of these star wars games and books: star wars absolutely everything you need to know topps journey to star wars the force awakens trading card starter pack darth vader and friends star wars workbooks: abc fun if you fancy winning a bundle of all of these star wars books, enter via the gleam widget at the end of the post. good luck – and may the force be with you! 😉 we put together a short video so that z can give you a sneek peek inside some of the books – and watch out for his light sabre action at the end! click here to download printable sample pages from the activity books shown, and others! star wars reads giveaway for your chance to win a bundle of all of the books mentioned in this post, enter via the gleam widget below. star wars reads for full terms and conditions see inside the gleam widget. giveaway and post sponsored by egmont uk

geɪm əv ɪz ˈsupər ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd. ɪt simz laɪk ˈɛvəri ˈkɛrɪktər ɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd ər ˈfəkɪŋ ər boʊθ. tɪ hɛlp ˈɑptɪˌmaɪz jʊr vjuɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns, wiv kəˈlɛktəd ðə bɛst geɪm əv ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt həz tɪ ˈɔfər. ðə fərst peɪʤ həz ðət ˈriˌkæp ðə pæst fɔr ˈsizənz. ðə ˈsɛkənd peɪʤ həz əˈbaʊt bɪˈhaɪnd ðə sinz ˈtrɪviə. ənd ðə θərd peɪʤ wɪl fɪl ju ɪn ɔn kənfˈjuzɪŋ ˈhɪstəri. klɪk hir fər əˈbaʊt bɪˈhaɪnd ðə sinz ˈtrɪviə! klɪk hir fər əˈbaʊt ðə ˈhɪstəri əv! 1 ðə geɪm əv sɛks baɪ kul məˈtɪriəl 2 ɔn saɪz baɪ ðə ˈdeɪli dɑt 3 reɪl ˈtrænzɪt mæp baɪ ˈmaɪkəl 4 ˈsizən 5 dɛθ priˈdɪkʃənz baɪ ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst 5 geɪm əv haɪt ʧɑrts baɪ 6 baɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ ðə nɛkst peɪʤ tɪ lərn əˈbaʊt wət goʊz ɔn bɪˈhaɪnd ðə sinz əv geɪm əv! ər klɪk hir tɪ rɛd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈhɪstəri əv!

game of thrones is super complicated. it seems like every character is related or fucking or both. to help optimize your viewing experience, we've collected the best game of thrones infographics the internet has to offer. the first page has infographics that recap the past four seasons. the second page has infographics about behind the scenes trivia. and the third page will fill you in on westeros's confusing history. click here for infographics about behind the scenes trivia! click here for infographics about the history of westeros! 1. the game of thrones sex infographic by cool material 2. infographics on size by the daily dot 3. westeros rail transit map by michael tyznik 4. season 5 death predictions by huffington post 5. game of thrones height charts by lossietereinos 6. dothraki phrasebook by neomam continue to the next page to learn about what goes on behind the scenes of game of thrones! or click here to read about the history of westeros!

ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑrt əv ðə prəˈtɛktɪŋ ə ˈpaɪθɑn ˈsɪriz. ðɪs taɪm wi wɪl bi pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ˈpaɪθɑn ˈæbˌstrækt ˈsɪnˌtæks triz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ərˈɪʤənəl koʊd əv ə ˈpaɪθɑn beɪst ˈprɑʤɛkt. ˈpaɪθɑn ˈæbˌstrækt ˈsɪnˌtæks triz ɛz ðə ˈpaɪθɑn ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən sɪz: ðə æst ˈmɑʤul hɛlps ˈpaɪθɑn ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz tɪ ˈprɔˌsɛs triz əv ðə ˈpaɪθɑn ˈæbˌstrækt ˈsɪnˌtæks ˈgræmər. ðə ˈæbˌstrækt ˈsɪnˌtæks ˌɪtˈsɛlf maɪt ʧeɪnʤ wɪθ iʧ ˈpaɪθɑn riˈlis; ðɪs ˈmɑʤul hɛlps tɪ faɪnd aʊt wət ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈgræmər lʊks laɪk. ðə ˈbɪlˌtɪn ˈmɑʤul prəˈvaɪdz ðə tulz tɪ ˈnævəˌgeɪt, kriˈeɪt ər ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ə tri. ə ˈpaɪθɑn æst ɪz ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈpaɪθɑn koʊd ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ðən ðə sɔrs koʊd ˌɪtˈsɛlf. teɪk fər ˈɪnstəns ðə koʊd ɪn ə ˈlɪtəl ˈpaɪθɑn ˈmɑʤul neɪmd 1 2 neɪm 'wərld' prɪnt 'hɛˈloʊ 0 ˈfɔrˌmæt neɪm wi kən gɪt ðə tri ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən ˈjuzɪŋ ðə æst ˈmɑʤul: 1 2 3 4 5 ˌɪmˈpɔrt æst wɪθ ˈoʊpən 'hello.py*' ɛz ɛf koʊd ʤɔɪn ɛf rut æst pɑrs koʊd wi kən ˈɔlsoʊ raɪt ə noʊd ˈvɪzɪtər tɪ ˌɪnˈspɛkt ðə tri ˈstrəkʧər: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ˌɪmˈpɔrt æst klæs ˈvɪzɪtər æst __init*__ sɛlf sɛlf stæk 0 ˈvɪzɪt sɛlf noʊd prɪnt sɛlf stæk noʊd sɛlf stæk 1 ˈsupər ˈvɪzɪtər sɛlf ˈvɪzɪt noʊd sɛlf stæk 1 əˈplaɪɪŋ ðə ˈvɪzɪtər tɪ ðə pɑrst koʊd wɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk: visitor().visit(node*) ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ˈɑbʤɛkt æt iʧ ˈɛləmənt həz ɪts oʊn sɛt əv əˈtrɪˌbjuts tɪ fʊlˈfɪl ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən, ˈmɑʤul ˈɑbʤɛkts hæv ə ˈbɑdi əˈtrɪˌbjut wɪʧ ɪz ə lɪst wɪθ ðə ˈdɪfərənt ˈɛləmənts dɪˈfaɪnd ɪn ɪt. kɔl hæv ðə ˈfəŋkʃən neɪm tɪ kɔl (ɪn ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl əˈbəv ɪt rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə ˈfɔrˌmæt ˈmɛθəd ɪn strɪŋ ə _fild ˈprɑpərti wɪθ ðə lɪst əv əˈtrɪˌbjuts səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə ˈdɪfərənt taɪps. ˈpaɪθɑn ˈæbˌstrækt ˈsɪnˌtæks triz ər ə ˈrɪli ˈpaʊərfəl tul, wi kən bɪld ˈrɪli nit tulz wɪθ ðɛm, tulz tɪ ˈgæðər koʊd stəˈtɪstɪks, tulz tɪ trænzˈleɪt ˈpaɪθɑn tɪ ˈəðər ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz. wi wɪl juz ɪt tɪ raɪt ə koʊd ˈskræmbəlɪŋ ənd tul, ðət kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ən ˌɪmˈpɔrt hʊk wɪl sərv ɛz ə prəˈtɛkʃən ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm. fər ðət wi nid ə klæs: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 frəm æst ˌɪmˈpɔrt klæs ˈhɛdər ˈskræmbəld' __init*__ sɛlf ˈskræmbəl tru sɛlf ˈskræmbəl ˈvɪzɪt sɛlf noʊd ˈsupər sɛlf ˈvɪzɪt noʊd ɪf 'ˈbɑdi' ənd ˈbɑdi lɪst ɪf sɛlf ˈbɑdi sɛlf ˈskræmbəl ˈbɑdi ɛls ˈbɑdi sɛlf ənˈskræmbəl ˈbɑdi rɪˈtərn ˈskræmbəl sɛlf ˈaɪtəmz rɪˈtərn sɛlf sɛlf ˈaɪtəmz ənˈskræmbəl sɛlf ˈaɪtəmz rɪˈtərn sɛlf sɛlf ˈaɪtəmz sɛlf ˈaɪtəmz aɪ 0 lɛŋθ lɛn ˈaɪtəmz waɪl aɪ 1 lɛŋθ ˈaɪtəmz aɪ ˈaɪtəmz aɪ 1 ˈaɪtəmz aɪ 1 ˈaɪtəmz aɪ aɪ 2 rɪˈtərn ˈaɪtəmz sɛlf ˈaɪtəmz lɛŋθ lɛn ˈaɪtəmz ɪf lɛŋθ 2 0 ˈaɪtəmz lɛŋθ 2 ˈaɪtəmz lɛŋθ 2 ˈaɪtəmz lɛŋθ 2 ˈaɪtəmz lɛŋθ 2 ɛls ˈaɪtəmz lɛŋθ 1 2 ˈaɪtəmz lɛŋθ 1 2 ˈaɪtəmz lɛŋθ 1 2 ˈaɪtəmz lɛŋθ 1 2 rɪˈtərn ˈaɪtəmz ðɪs koʊd wɪl teɪk ə ˈpaɪθɑn æst, ənd ˈskræmbəl ɪt baɪ sˈwɑpɪŋ ðɛm ˈaɪtəmz ɪn ðoʊz wɪθ ə ˈbɑdi əˈtrɪˌbjut əv taɪp lɪst ðə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən əˈplaɪd wɪl bi ˈsɪmələr tɪ: ərˈɪʤənəl 1 2 3 4 5 6 step1(original*) 2 1 4 3 6 5 3 6 5 2 1 4 wɪʧ ɪz ˈizi tɪ ˈtrænsfɔrm bæk, ɪˈnəf tɪ əˈplaɪ ðə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃənz ɪn ðə rɪˈvərs ˈɔrdər tɪ gɪt ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɑbʤɛkt. ɪf wi əˈplaɪ ɪt tɪ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ koʊd: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ˌɪmˈpɔrt ɑs ˌɪmˈpɔrt pæθ nən aʊt pæθ pæθ ər ɑs faɪlz ɑs pæθ fər faɪl ɪn faɪlz ɪf faɪl kənˈtɪnju ɑs pæθ ʤɔɪn pæθ faɪl ɪf ɑs pæθ ˈvælju ɛls ˈvælju aʊt faɪl ˈvælju rɪˈtərn aʊt tri prɪnt 'ˈaɪtəmz ɪn ðə tɔp ˈlɛvəl: 0 ˈfɔrˌmæt lɛn tri kiz prɪnt 'ˈaɪtəmz ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈlɛvəl: 0 ˈfɔrˌmæt səm lɛn væl kiz fər væl ɪn tri ˈvæljuz ɪf væl tri ɪt wɪl kəm aʊt ɛz: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ˈskræmbəld prɪnt 'ˈaɪtəmz ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈlɛvəl: 0 ˈfɔrˌmæt səm lɛn væl kiz fər væl ɪn tri ˈvæljuz ɪf væl prɪnt 'ˈaɪtəmz ɪn ðə tɔp ˈlɛvəl: 0 ˈfɔrˌmæt lɛn tri kiz tri pæθ nən faɪlz ɑs pæθ rɪˈtərn aʊt fər faɪl ɪn faɪlz aʊt faɪl ˈvælju ɪf ɑs pæθ ˈvælju ɛls ˈvælju ɑs pæθ ʤɔɪn pæθ faɪl ɪf faɪl kənˈtɪnju pæθ pæθ ər ɑs aʊt ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˌɪmˈpɔrt ɑs tri ənd ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst ə ˈsɪmpəl ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən, mɔr ˈʧeɪnʤɪz kən bi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ meɪk θɪŋz ə bɪt mɔr ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ, səm ˈɔpʃənz tɪ teɪk ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ər: ʧeɪnʤ pərˈæmətərz ˈɔrdər ɪn ˈfəŋkʃənz ʧeɪnʤ ˈdɛkərˌeɪtərz ˈɔrdər ɪn ˈfəŋkʃənz ʧeɪnʤ ˈɑrgjəmənts ˈɔrdər ɪn ˈfəŋkʃən kɔlz ʧeɪnʤ ˈɑrgjəmənts ˈɔrdər ɪn klæs kriˈeɪʃənz riˈneɪm ˈvɛriəbəl neɪmz ɛnˈkoʊd strɪŋz wɪθ ər ˈsɪmələr ðɪs wɪθ ðə ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ ˌɪmˈpɔrt hʊk ər ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə kəmˈpænjən ɪgˈzæmpəlz riˈpɑzəˌtɔri. kənˈkluʒən ˈpaɪθɑn ˈæbˌstrækt ˈsɪnˌtæks triz ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈvərsətəl tul ðət əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ kriˈeɪt ə səˈluʃən ðət ˈbɛtər fɪts ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt wɛr juzd. bət, ɛz ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs ˈɑrtɪkəl, ðə koʊd kən bi ˌɪnˈspɛktɪd frəm ə ʃɛl wəns ɪt wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd. ɪf ju plæn ˈdɪgɪŋ mɔr ɪn ˈpaɪθɑn æst, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd grin tri sneɪks ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈpaɪθɑn æst dɑks dɑks.

this is the second part of the protecting a python codebase series. this time we will be playing with python abstract syntax trees in order to protect the original code of a python based project. python abstract syntax trees as the python documentation says: the ast module helps python applications to process trees of the python abstract syntax grammar. the abstract syntax itself might change with each python release; this module helps to find out programmatically what the current grammar looks like. the built-in module provides the tools to navigate, create or modify a tree. a python ast is tree-like representation of the python code that’s closer to the bytecode implementation than the source code itself. take for instance the code in a little python module named hello.py : 1 2 def hello_world ( name = 'world' ): print ( 'hello {0}' . format ( name )) we can get the tree representation using the ast module: 1 2 3 4 5 import ast with open ( 'hello.py' ) as f : code = '' . join ( f . readlines ()) root = ast . parse ( code ) we can also write a node visitor to inspect the tree structure: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 import ast class visitor ( ast . nodevisitor ): def __init__ ( self ): self . stack = 0 def visit ( self , node ): print " " * self . stack , node self . stack += 1 super ( visitor , self ) . visit ( node ) self . stack -= 1 applying the visitor to the parsed code will result in something like: >>> visitor().visit(node) <_ast.module object at 0x7fb5200282d0> <_ast.functiondef object at 0x7fb5200281d0> <_ast.arguments object at 0x7fb520028210> <_ast.name object at 0x7fb520028d90> <_ast.param object at 0x7fb521c46810> <_ast.str object at 0x7fb520028550> <_ast.print object at 0x7fb520028dd0> <_ast.call object at 0x7fb520028ed0> <_ast.attribute object at 0x7fb520028f10> <_ast.str object at 0x7fb520028f50> <_ast.load object at 0x7fb521c46590> <_ast.name object at 0x7fb520028f90> <_ast.load object at 0x7fb521c46590> each element has its own set of attributes to fulfill the operation, module objects have a body attribute which is a list with the different elements defined in it. call have the function name to call (in the example above it refers to the format method in string ). there’s a _field property with the list of attributes supported by the different types. python abstract syntax trees are a really powerful tool, we can build really neat tools with them, tools to gather code statistics, tools to translate python to other languages. we will use it to write a code scrambling and unscrambling tool, that combined with an import hook will serve as a protection mechanism. for that we need a nodetransformer class: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 from ast import nodetransformer class scrambler ( nodetransformer ): header = '# scrambled' def __init__ ( self , scramble = true ): self . do_scramble = scramble def visit ( self , node ): node_out = super ( scrambler , self ) . visit ( node ) if hasattr ( node_out , 'body' ) and isinstance ( node_out . body , list ): if self . do_scramble : node_out . body = self . scramble ( node_out . body ) else : node_out . body = self . unscramble ( node_out . body ) return node_out def scramble ( self , items ): return self . _step2 ( self . _step1 ( items [:])) def unscramble ( self , items ): return self . _step1 ( self . _step2 ( items [:])) def _step1 ( self , items ): i = 0 length = len ( items ) while ( i + 1 ) < length : items [ i ], items [ i + 1 ] = items [ i + 1 ], items [ i ] i += 2 return items def _step2 ( self , items ): length = len ( items ) if length % 2 == 0 : items [: length / 2 ], items [ length / 2 :] = \ items [ length / 2 :], items [: length / 2 ] else : items [:( length - 1 ) / 2 ], items [( length + 1 ) / 2 :] = \ items [( length + 1 ) / 2 :], items [:( length - 1 ) / 2 ] return items this code will take a python ast, and scramble it by swapping them items in those with a body attribute that’s of type list . the transformation applied will be similar to: >>> original = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] >>> after_step_1 = step1(original) [2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 5] >>> after_step_2 = step2(after_step_1) [3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4] which is easy to transform back, it’s enough to apply the transformations in the reverse order to get the original object. if we apply it to the following code: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 import os import pprint def files_tree ( path = none ): out = {} path = path or os . getcwd () files = os . listdir ( path ) for file in files : if file . startswith ( '.' ): continue sub_path = os . path . join ( path , file ) if os . path . isdir ( sub_path ): value = files_tree ( sub_path ) else : value = sub_path out [ file ] = value return out tree = files_tree () print 'items in the top level: {0}' . format ( len ( tree . keys ())) print 'items in the second level: {0}' . format ( sum ( len ( val . keys ()) for val in tree . values () if isinstance ( val , dict )) ) pprint . pprint ( tree ) it will come out as: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 # scrambled print 'items in the second level: {0}' . format ( sum (( len ( val . keys ()) for val in tree . values () if isinstance ( val , dict )))) print 'items in the top level: {0}' . format ( len ( tree . keys ())) pprint . pprint ( tree ) def files_tree ( path = none ): files = os . listdir ( path ) return out for file in files : out [ file ] = value if os . path . isdir ( sub_path ): value = files_tree ( sub_path ) else : value = sub_path sub_path = os . path . join ( path , file ) if file . startswith ( '.' ): continue path = ( path or os . getcwd ()) out = {} import pprint import os tree = files_tree () and this is just a simple transformation, more changes can be implemented in order to make things a bit more interesting, some options to take into account are: change parameters order in functions change decorators order in functions change arguments order in function calls change arguments order in class creations rename variable names encode strings with rot13 or similar this scrambler with the corresponding import hook are published in the companion examples repository. conclusion python abstract syntax trees is a very versatile tool that allows us to create a solution that better fits the project where it’s used. but, as it’s mentioned in the previous article, the code can be inspected from a shell once it was imported. if you plan digging more in python ast, i recommend green tree snakes - the missing python ast docs docs.

wɛst hæm juˈnaɪtɪd ˈstraɪkər ˈændi ˈkɛrəl wɑz θˈrɛtənd æt ˈgənˌpɔɪnt ɔn hɪz weɪ hoʊm frəm ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. ˈkɛrəl, 27 wɑz ˈdraɪvɪŋ hoʊm əˈloʊn tɪ ˈɛsɪks ɪn hɪz mərˈseɪdiz wɪn hi wɑz kənˈfrəntɪd æt ə ˈʤəŋkʃən baɪ tu ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪklɪsts, wən ˈbrændɪʃɪŋ ə gən. ðeɪ θˈrɛtənd ˈkɛrəl ənd dɪˈmændɪd hi pʊl ˈoʊvər bət ðə wɛst hæm ˈstraɪkər, ˈfɪrɪŋ fər hɪz laɪf, spɛd ɔf ɪn ə bɪd tɪ ɪˈskeɪp. ˈændi ˈkɛrəl wɑz fɔrst tɪ fli ˈæftər biɪŋ θˈrɛtənd æt ˈgənˌpɔɪnt baɪ ɑrmd ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪklɪsts wɛst ˈkɛrəl wɑz lɛft 'ˈʃeɪkən ənd stənd' ɛz hi flɛd ðə ɑrmd ˈreɪdərz ɪn fɪr əv hɪz laɪf ˈkɛrəlz mərˈseɪdiz ɪn ˈditeɪl meɪk: mərˈseɪdiz ˈmɑdəl: kɔst: tɔp spid: 129 maɪəlz pər aʊər 0-60mph*: naɪn ˈsɛkəndz ˈkɛrəl wɑz ˈdraɪvɪŋ ə mərˈseɪdiz, ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə wən ˈpɪkʧərd əˈbəv, wɪn hi wɑz θˈrɛtənd æt ˈgənˌpɔɪnt. ðə kɑr ɪz ˈpɑpjələr əˈməŋ səˈlɛbrɪtiz ənd həz ə tɔp spid əv 129 maɪəlz pər aʊər. ˈdraɪvɪŋ ɪn ə steɪt əv ˈpænɪk pərˈsud baɪ ðə ˈmoʊtərˌbaɪks, ˈkɛrəl, ə sɔrs kleɪmz, strək ˈsɛvərəl ˈviɪkəlz ɛz hi tərnd ənd ˈhɛdɪd bæk tɪ wɛst ˈtreɪnɪŋ graʊnd æt rəʃ grin ɪn ˈɛsɪks, ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ riʧ ˈseɪfti ənd rɪˈsiv hɛlp frəm ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti stæf. ðə əˈseɪlənts feɪld tɪ kip əp wɪθ ˈkɛrəl ɛz hi droʊv æt spid. ɔn ˈriʧɪŋ ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ graʊnd hi lɛft hɪz ˌɛsˌjuˈvi ˈviɪkəl ənd ræn tɪ rɪˈsɛpʃən ˈsikɪŋ hɛlp. ˈsɔrsəz seɪ ˈkɛrəl wɑz ənd stunned’*’. wər əˈlɑrmd ɛz ðeɪ ˈstrəgəld tɪ teɪk ɪn ɪˈvɛnts ənd kləb stæf ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli rəʃt tɪ hɪz eɪd. ə kɔl tɪ pəˈlis wɑz meɪd æt ənd ə rɪˈspɑns tim wɑz sɛnt tɪ roʊd, chigwell*, fɔr maɪəlz frəm wɛst ˈtreɪnɪŋ graʊnd. ˈkɛrəl, hu həz ˈsəfərd ˈplɛnti əv ˈɪnʤəri ˈtrəbəl ɪn hɪz kərɪr, ɪz ˈkərəntli ɔn ðə ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnz ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈlɪvərˌpul mæn həz ˈstɑrtɪd ˈoʊnli 38 geɪmz sɪns ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ wɛst hæm fər ɪn 2013 ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt ə pəˈlis ˈsteɪtmənt sɛd: tu mɛn θˈrɛtənd ðə ˈdraɪvər. ðə ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪklɪsts əˈtɛmptəd tɪ blɑk ðə kɑr ɛz ðə ˈdraɪvər sɔt tɪ gɪt əˈweɪ. ðə ˈsəˌspɛkts roʊd ɔf praɪər tɪ ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv pəˈlis. ðɛr həz bɪn noʊ arrest.’*.’ ˈkɛrəl fər wɛst hæm əˈpɪrənsəz: 96 goʊlz: 23 əˈsɪsts: 16 ˈjɛloʊ kɑrdz: 11 rɛd kɑrdz: 1 ˈmɪnəts pleɪd: pəˈlis ər kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ðɛr ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz. ˈkɛrəl ɪz ˈɪnʤərd ənd həz nɑt pleɪd ɪn ðə prɛˈmɪr lig sɪns ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ deɪ əv ðə ˈsizən. ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt hi wɑz rɪˈkəvərɪŋ frəm hɪz ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ ɔrˈdil æt hoʊm wɛr hi lɪvz wɪθ hɪz fiˈænsi, ˌriˈæləˌti ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən stɑr mucklow*, ənd ðɛr sən arlo*. ə kləb ˈsteɪtmənt sɛd: hæm juˈnaɪtɪd kən kənˈfərm ən ˈɪnsədənt ˈtɑrgətɪŋ wən əv ɑr pleɪərz ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ 2 noʊˈvɛmbər. ðə ˈmætər ɪz naʊ biɪŋ ˈhændəld baɪ ðə police.’*.’ ðeɪ ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ stɛp əp pəˈtroʊlz ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪn ðə ˈɛriə. ɪt həz bɪn ə ˈdɪfəkəlt wik fər ðə kləb ˈfɑloʊɪŋ sinz æt ðə ˈləndən ˈsteɪdiəm ˈæftər ðɛr kəp ˈvɪktəri əˈgɛnst ˈʧɛlsi. wɛst hæm pleɪ stoʊk ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ bət ˈkɛrəl ɪz nɑt ˈrɛdi tɪ rɪˈtərn ˈæftər hɪz ni ˈɪnʤəri, ðə ˈleɪtəst ɪn ə lɔŋ laɪn əv ˈsɛtˌbæks.

west ham united striker andy carroll was threatened at gunpoint on his way home from training on wednesday. carroll, 27, was driving home alone to essex in his £100,000 mercedes g-wagon when he was confronted at a junction by two motorcyclists, one brandishing a gun. they threatened carroll and demanded he pull over but the west ham striker, fearing for his life, sped off in a bid to escape. andy carroll was forced to flee after being threatened at gunpoint by armed motorcyclists west ham's carroll was left 'shaken and stunned' as he fled the armed raiders in fear of his life carroll's mercedes g-wagon in detail make: mercedes model: g-wagon cost: £100,000 top speed: 129 miles per hour 0-60mph: nine seconds carroll was driving a mercedes g-wagon, similar to the one pictured above, when he was threatened at gunpoint. the car is popular among celebrities and has a top speed of 129 miles per hour. driving in a state of panic pursued by the motorbikes, carroll, a source claims, struck several vehicles as he turned and headed back to west ham’s training ground at rush green in essex, hoping to reach safety and receive help from the club’s security staff. the would-be assailants failed to keep up with carroll as he drove at speed. on reaching the training ground he left his top-of-the-range suv vehicle and ran to reception seeking help. sources say carroll was ‘shaken and stunned’. team-mates were alarmed as they struggled to take in events and club staff immediately rushed to his aid. a call to police was made at 12.45pm and a response team was sent to romford road, chigwell, four miles from west ham’s training ground. carroll, who has suffered plenty of injury trouble in his career, is currently on the sidelines the former liverpool man has started only 38 games since joining west ham for £15m in 2013 on wednesday night a police statement said: ‘the two men threatened the driver. the motorcyclists attempted to block the car as the driver sought to get away. the suspects rode off prior to the arrival of police. there has been no arrest.’ carroll for west ham appearances: 96 goals: 23 assists: 16 yellow cards: 11 red cards: 1 minutes played: 6,571 police are continuing their investigations. carroll is injured and has not played in the premier league since the opening day of the season. on wednesday night he was recovering from his terrifying ordeal at home where he lives with his fiancee, reality tv star billi mucklow, and their one-year-old son arlo. a club statement said: ‘west ham united can confirm an incident targeting one of our players on wednesday 2 november. the matter is now being handled by the police.’ they are expected to step up patrols and security in the area. it has been a difficult week for the club following scenes at the london stadium after their efl cup victory against chelsea. west ham play stoke on saturday but carroll is not ready to return after his knee injury, the latest in a long line of setbacks.

ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən noʊˈvɛmbər 13 2015 ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl həz bɪn ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd. hɛlθ kɛr ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ə ˈlidɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ə səkˈsɛsfəl, ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ˈɛvəri ˈrɛzɪdənt hæd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ hɛlθ kɛr. ˈmɛrələnd ɔˈrɛdi hæd ɪˈstæblɪʃt ən ˈsɪstəm ˈsɛtɪŋ ˈjunəˌfɔrm reɪts fər ˈmɛdɪkəl prəˈsiʤərz, soʊ ɛmˈbreɪsɪŋ ˌjunəˈvərsəl hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ɛz pɑrt əv ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt, ər ““obamacare,”*,” wɑz ðə ˈlɑʤɪkəl nɛkst stɛp. ənd gəv. ˈmɑrtɪn o’malley*, ə ˈdɛməˌkræt, sun tɪ sik ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi, wɑz ˈigər tɪ gɪt ðə ˈproʊˌgræm lɔnʧt. bət ðə ˈmɛrələnd ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈstəmbəld ˈbædli ˈɔlˌmoʊst ðə ˈmɪnət ɪt ˈoʊpənd fər ˈbɪznɪs ɪn 2013 fɛld baɪ tɛkˈnɑləʤi, nɑt ˈmɛdɪkəl saɪəns. ə ˈsɪriz əv kəmˈpjutər ˈglɪʧɪz ˈpɛrəˌlaɪzd ðə ˈsɪstəm ənd tʊk mənθs tɪ riˈzɑlv. səm əv ðə ˈkɑnˌtrækts fər ðə feɪld 2013 ˈroʊˌlaʊt hæd bɪn əˈwɔrdɪd wɪˈθaʊt kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈbɪdɪŋ, ə muv əˈlaʊd baɪ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əˈpruvd ɪn 2011 baɪ ðə steɪt ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər wɪθ ˈlɪtəl ˈfænˌfɛr. ðət mɛnt mɔr ðən 1 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈkɑnˌtrækts fər ðə hɛlθ kɛr ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ kʊd goʊ əˈhɛd wɪˈθaʊt ˈkəstəˌmɛri ˌrivˈju baɪ ðə bɔrd əv ˈpəblɪk wərks, kəmˈpoʊzd əv ðə ˈgəvərnər, ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli ɪˈlɛktɪd steɪt ˈkɑmˌtroʊlər, ənd ðə steɪt ˈtrɛʒərər əˈpɔɪntɪd baɪ ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər. ˈkɑmˌtroʊlər ˈpitər ˈfrænkət, ə ˈdɛməˌkræt, wɑz ə loʊn vɔɪs ɔn ðə bɔrd wɪn hi kˈwɛsʧənd ðə nu ˈkɑntræktɪŋ ˈsɪstəm fər ðə hɛlθ kɛr ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ə steɪt ˈɔdɪt əv hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ faʊnd ðət ðə steɪt ˌɪmˈprɑpərli bɪld ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈmɪljən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈtrəbəld lɔnʧ. ðə ˈɔdɪt rɪˈpɔrt əˈtrɪbjətəd ðə ˈoʊvərˌbɪlɪŋ tɪ ə læk əv steɪt ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt ənd ˌɪnˈtərnəl kənˈtroʊlz. ˈæftər ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ, ðə ˈmɛrələnd hɛlθ ˈbɛnəfɪt ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ bɔrd əv ˌtrəˈstiz, wɪʧ ˈoʊvərˌsɔ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs, ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈkɑnˌtrækts ənd əˈwɔrdɪd nu wənz ɪn ˈmitɪŋz ðət ðə ˈmɛrələnd ˈoʊpən ˈmitɪŋz kəmˈplaɪəns bɔrd ˈleɪtər sɛd wər vaɪəˈleɪʃənz əv steɪt lɔ. dɪˈzæstrəs hɛlθ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈroʊˌlaʊt kəmˈbaɪnd tu ˈɛləmənts proʊˈkjʊrmənt ˈprɑbləmz ənd læk əv trænˈspɛrənsi ðət ər əˈməŋ ˈsɛvərəl rɪˈkərɪŋ θimz ðət lɛd tɪ ðə steɪt ˈərnɪŋ ə skɔr əv 64 ər ə di greɪd, ˈræŋkɪŋ ɪt taɪd fər əˈməŋ ðə 50 steɪts ɪn ðə steɪt ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ə əˈsɛsmənt əv steɪt ˈgəvərnmənt əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ənd trænˈspɛrənsi baɪ ðə ˈsɛnər fər ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti ənd ˈgloʊbəl ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti. ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs əˈsɛsmənt ɪn 2012 ˈmɛrələnd rɪˈsivd ə skɔr əv 61 ə greɪd əv di-, ənd ræŋkt aʊt əv 50 steɪts. ðə tu skɔrz ər nɑt dɪˈrɛkli ˈkɑmprəbəl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, du tɪ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn kˈwɛsʧənz ənd ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi, səʧ ɛz ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ðə ˈkætəˌgɔri fər riˈdɪstrɪktɪŋ, ə ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət ˈʤɛnərəli əˈkərz ˈoʊnli wəns ˈɛvəri 10 jɪrz. ənd waɪl ˈmɛrələnd muvd əp ɪn ðə steɪt ˈræŋkɪŋz ðɪs jɪr, ɪt wɑz du tɪ ˈəðər steɪts ˈfɑlɪŋ, nɑt bɪˈkəz əv ˈɛni sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn səʧ ˈɛriəz ɛz ˈgəvərnmənt trænˈspɛrənsi ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl dɪˈskloʊʒər. wərst skɔr ðɪs jɪr wɑz ə 34 fər ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, wɪʧ pleɪst ɪt 41st*. ɪts wərst ˈræŋkɪŋ, 49th*, keɪm wɪθ ə skɔr əv 55 fər ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈɑdətɪŋ, ˈpɑrtli bɪˈkəz steɪt ˈeɪʤənsiz du nɑt ˈkɑndəkt ril ˈɑdəts ðət goʊ bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈdætə tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈdɑkjəmənts. waɪl ˈwərkərz æt ˈmɛni ˈeɪʤənsiz vju ˈɑdətɪŋ ɛz pɑrt əv ðɛr ʤɑbz, ˈɑdətərz wɪθ ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv brænʧ kʊd juz mɔr hɛlp. mi, ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt θɪŋ ɪz ðət ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ðə læst θri jɪrz ər soʊ, θɪŋz hæv nɑt ˈgɔtən better,”*,” sɛd tɑd ˈɛbərli, ən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt prəˈfɛsər əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl saɪəns æt st*. ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn st*. ˈsɪti. hi sɛd ˈstægˌneɪtɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈreɪtɪŋz nɑt ə gʊd θɪŋ. wi wɔnt tɪ si mɔr ˈoʊpənəs, wi wɔnt tɪ si əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ənd wi wɔnt tɪ si transparency.”*.” ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ saɪnz ðɛr wər səm braɪt spɑts ɪn ðə nu rɪˈpɔrt kɑrd. ðə steɪt skɔrd ˈrɛlətɪvli wɛl ɪn ˈmænəʤɪŋ ˈlɑbiɪŋ ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt pleɪs wɪθ ə 74 skɔr) ənd ɪn kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈsɪstəm əv əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti fər steɪt ˈʤəʤɪz (taɪd fər pleɪs wɪθ ə 64 ɪn ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt, ðə steɪt keɪm ɪn taɪd fər wɪθ ə skɔr əv 75 ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər dɪd teɪk səm stɛps ɪn 2015 tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv trænˈspɛrənsi, əˈmɛndɪŋ ɪts ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ækt, wɪʧ hæd ˌəndərˈgɔn ˈɔlˌmoʊst noʊ riˈvɪʒənz sɪns ɛˈnæktmənt ɪn 1970 ðə nu lɔ, ˈifɛktɪv ɔkt. 1 ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə kəmˈplaɪəns ˌrivˈju bɔrd ənd ən ˈɑmbədzmən tɪ ˈmidiˌeɪt dɪˈspjuts. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ rikˈwaɪərz steɪt ˈeɪʤənsiz tɪ ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪt ə ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈpərsən fər ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən rɪkˈwɛsts. bət wən ˈprɑbləm: rɪˈpəblɪkən gəv. ˈlɛri ˈhoʊˌgɑn jr*. həz jɛt tɪ æsk ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər fər ˈməni tɪ fɪl ðə nu pəˈzɪʃənz. hɪz ˈɔfəs dɪd nɑt rɪˈtərn rɪˈpitɪd rɪkˈwɛsts fər ˈkɑmɛnt. ˈmɛrələnd əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl braɪən frosh*, ə ˈdɛməˌkræt, sɛd ðə nu lɔ ʃʊd hɛlp, æt list ə bɪt. ɪz səm ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ðə lɔ, wəns ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd, wɪl hæv ə ˈfeɪvərəbəl ˌɪmˈpækt, bət ɪt wɪl nɑt ˈkætəˌpəlt ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ðə top,”*,” hi sɛd. loʊ tɛk wən ˈrizən ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl skɔr həz rɪˈmeɪnd ˈstægnənt ɪz ə læk əv ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd tɛkˈnɑləʤi ər ən ənˈwɪlɪŋnɪs tɪ əˈplaɪ ˈmɑdərn ˈmɛθədz tɪ ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪt həz. ˈmɛrələnd, fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli steɪt ðət stɪl ˈfɔrsɪz ðə ˈpəblɪk tɪ ˈtrævəl tɪ əˈnæpəlɪs, ðə steɪt ˈkæpɪtəl, tɪ lʊk əp ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl dɪˈskloʊʒər fɔrmz əv əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz, ɔl əv wɪʧ rɪˈmeɪn ˈpeɪpər ˈrɛkərdz. ənd ˈɛniˌwən huz fɔrmz ər ɪgˈzæmənd kən æsk ðə steɪt ˈɛθɪks ˈɔfəs əˈbaʊt hu ɪz duɪŋ ðə ˈlʊkɪŋ. wɪθ ˈmɛni pɑrts əv ˈmɛrələnd ˈgəvərnmənt ˈstrəgəlɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl eɪʤ, tu ˈɛriəz ˈlɑbiɪŋ ˈdætə, wɪʧ ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ənd kæmˈpeɪn ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈdætəˌbeɪs ˈɔfər ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈsɪstəmz. bət waɪl ðə ˈdætə ɪz ðɛr, ɪts riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti ɪz ənˈsərtən. rɪˈpɔrts ər skænd ˈoʊnli fər kəmˈplitnəs ənd ər ˈrɛrli ˈfɔrməli ˈɔdɪtɪd ər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd. ðə ˈmɛrələnd steɪt ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər, ðə steɪt ˈɔfəs ðət moʊst ˈɔfən ˈhændəlz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv vaɪəˈleɪʃənz əv kæmˈpeɪn ˈfaɪˌnæns lɔz ənd ˈlɑbiɪŋ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz, rɪˈpɔrts ðət məʧ əv ɪts wərk ɪz kəmˈpleɪnt ˈdrɪvən. ðə smɔl stæf ˈrɛrli ɪz ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt ə kæmˈpeɪn ˈfaɪˌnæns proʊb wɪˈθaʊt ˈprɑmptɪŋ frəm ˈəðər ˈsɔrsəz. mɪkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ðə ˈgəvərnər, hu tʊk ˈɔfəs ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri ˈæftər kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ ɔn ə ˈplætˌfɔrm ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈgreɪtər trænˈspɛrənsi, həz ˈgɪvɪn mɪkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz əˈbaʊt ʤɪst haʊ ˈoʊpən hi wɪl bi. hɪz ʧif ˈligəl ˈkaʊnsəl həz ərʤd ˈeɪʤənsi hɛdz ənd stæf tɪ mɑrk ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌkɔrəˈspɑndəns, iˈmeɪlz ənd ˈdɑkjəmənts ɛz ““confidential”*” ənd baɪ ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv privilege.”*.” ə ˈsɪmələr kleɪm əv ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ wɑz meɪd ɪn 2013 wɪn then-lt*. gəv. ˈænθɔˌni braʊn, ə ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈrənɪŋ əˈgɛnst ˈhoʊˌgɑn fər ˈgəvərnər, ˈfɛndɪd ɔf ə rɪkˈwɛst frəm ðə ˈbɔltəˌmɔr sən fər hɪz iˈmeɪlz əˈbaʊt ðə feɪld lɔnʧ əv ðə hɛlθ kɛr ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈproʊˌgræm. ˈminˌwaɪl, lt*. gəv. bɔɪd ˈrəθərfərd hɛld ə ˈbrifɪŋ wɪθ rɪˈpɔrtərz ɪn ˈɔgəst, bət rɪfˈjuzd tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, ˈvɪdioʊz ər ˈɑdiˌoʊ rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz. ɔl əv wɪʧ livz ˌəˈnænsərd ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ˈwɛðər ˈmɛrələnd wɪl bɪˈkəm mɔr trænˈspɛrənt, ə ki tɪ ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ɪts gʊd ˈgəvərnmənt ˈreɪtɪŋz. ˈgreɪtər trænˈspɛrənsi ˈjuʒəwəli lidz tɪ ˈgreɪtər əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti, sɛd ˈʤɛnəfər bevan-dangel*, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈædvəkəsi grup ˈkɑmən kɔz ˈmɛrələnd. ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ səm progress,”*,” ʃi sɛd. wi ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðət gɪv ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈgreɪtər oversight.”*.” ˈəpˌdeɪt, noʊˈvɛmbər 13 2015 p.m*.: ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl həz bɪn ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ræŋk, du tɪ ə kərˈɛkʃən ɪn wən ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər ɪn rɪˈpɔrt kɑrd. ðə steɪt ɪz naʊ taɪd fər ˈoʊvərˌɔl. ˈraʊndɪd skɔr ənd greɪd hæv nɑt ʧeɪnʤd.

introduction november 13, 2015: this article has been updated. maryland’s health care insurance exchange was supposed to be a leading example of a successful, state-supported program to ensure every resident had access to health care. maryland already had established an all-payer system setting uniform rates for medical procedures, so embracing universal health insurance as part of the affordable care act, or “obamacare,” was the logical next step. and gov. martin o’malley, a democrat, soon to seek the presidency, was eager to get the program launched. but the maryland exchange stumbled badly almost the minute it opened for business in 2013, felled by technology, not medical science. a series of computer glitches paralyzed the system and took months to resolve. some of the contracts for the failed 2013 rollout had been awarded without competitive bidding, a move allowed by changes approved in 2011 by the state legislature with little fanfare. that meant more than $1 million in contracts for the health care exchange could go ahead without customary review by the state’s board of public works, composed of the governor, the independently elected state comptroller, and the state treasurer appointed by the legislature. comptroller peter franchot, a democrat, was a lone voice on the board when he questioned the new contracting system for the health care exchange. in addition, a state audit of maryland’s health insurance exchange found that the state improperly billed the federal government $28.4 million during the troubled launch. the audit report attributed the overbilling to a lack of state oversight and internal controls. after the initial problems with the exchange, the maryland health benefit exchange board of trustees, which oversaw the process, extended contracts and awarded new ones in closed-door meetings that the maryland open meetings compliance board later said were violations of state law. maryland’s disastrous health exchange rollout combined two elements — procurement problems and lack of transparency — that are among several recurring themes that led to the state earning a score of 64, or a d grade, ranking it tied for 22nd among the 50 states in the state integrity investigation, a data-driven assessment of state government accountability and transparency by the center for public integrity and global integrity. in the previous assessment in 2012, maryland received a score of 61, a grade of d-, and ranked 40th out of 50 states. the two scores are not directly comparable, however, due to changes in questions and methodology, such as eliminating the category for redistricting, a process that generally occurs only once every 10 years. and while maryland moved up in the state rankings this year, it was due to other states falling, not because of any significant improvements in such areas as government transparency and financial disclosure. maryland’s worst score this year was a 34, for access to public information, which placed it 41st. its worst ranking, 49th, came with a score of 55 for internal auditing, partly because state agencies do not conduct real audits that go behind the data to examine supporting documents. while workers at many agencies view auditing as part of their jobs, auditors with the legislative branch could use more help. “to me, the most important thing is that over the course of the last three years or so, things have not gotten better,” said todd eberly, an associate professor of political science at st. mary’s college in st. mary’s city. he said maryland’s stagnating position in the ratings “is not a good thing. we want to see more openness, we want to see accountability and we want to see transparency.” encouraging signs there were some bright spots in the new report card. the state scored relatively well in managing lobbying oversight (7th place with a 74 score) and in creating a system of accountability for state judges (tied for 7th place with a 64). in electoral oversight, the state came in tied for 9th with a score of 75. the legislature did take some steps in 2015 to improve transparency, amending its public information act, which had undergone almost no revisions since enactment in 1970. the new law, effective oct. 1, established a compliance review board and an ombudsman to mediate disputes. it also requires state agencies to designate a contact person for public information requests. but there’s one problem: republican gov. larry hogan jr. has yet to ask the legislature for money to fill the new positions. his office did not return repeated requests for comment. maryland attorney general brian frosh, a democrat, said the new law should help, at least a bit. “there is some possibility that the law, once implemented, will have a favorable impact, but it will not catapult us to the top,” he said. low tech one reason the state’s overall score has remained stagnant is a lack of updated technology or an unwillingness to apply modern methods to the technology it has. maryland, for instance, is the only state that still forces the public to travel to annapolis, the state capital, to look up financial disclosure forms of officials and lawmakers, all of which remain paper records. and anyone whose forms are examined can ask the state ethics office about who is doing the looking. with many parts of maryland government struggling to get into the digital age, two areas — lobbying data, which is available online, and maryland’s campaign finance database — offer relatively user-friendly systems. but while the data is there, its reliability is uncertain. reports are scanned only for completeness and are rarely formally audited or investigated. the maryland state prosecutor, the state office that most often handles allegations of violations of campaign finance laws and lobbying regulations, reports that much of its work is complaint driven. the small staff rarely is in a position to initiate a campaign finance probe without prompting from other sources. mixed messages the governor, who took office in january after campaigning on a platform that included greater transparency, has given mixed messages about just how open he will be. his chief legal counsel has urged agency heads and staff to mark internal correspondence, emails and documents as “confidential” and “protected by executive privilege.” a similar claim of privilege was made in 2013 when then-lt. gov. anthony brown, a democrat running against hogan for governor, fended off a request from the baltimore sun for his emails about the failed launch of the health care exchange program. meanwhile, lt. gov. boyd rutherford held a briefing with reporters in august, but refused to allow photos, videos or audio recordings. all of which leaves unanswered the question of whether maryland will become more transparent, a key to improving its good government ratings. greater transparency usually leads to greater accountability, said jennifer bevan-dangel, executive director of the advocacy group common cause maryland. “we are making some progress,” she said. “but we aren’t making fundamental changes that give the public greater oversight.” update, november 13, 2015, 3:00 p.m.: this article has been updated to reflect a change in rank, due to a correction in one indicator in maryland’s report card. the state is now tied for 22nd overall. rounded score and grade have not changed.

ˈrænʧoʊ ə ˈbɪldɪŋ æt vɪkˈtɔriə ˈgɑrdənz həz bɪn dɪˈmɑlɪʃt tɪ meɪk weɪ fər əˈnəðər əˈlɔŋ saʊθ meɪn strit, mɔl əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd. kənˈstrəkʃən wɪl kənˈtɪnju θru ˈsəmər 2018 ɪn ə speɪs nɪr ðə ˈæpəl stɔr. ðə ˈaʊtˌdɔr mɔl həz ɔˈrɛdi saɪnd ə ˈtɛnənt fər ðə speɪs: ˈzærə, ə ˈkloʊðɪŋ ənd ækˈsɛsəriz ˈriˌteɪlər wɪθ ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ɪn speɪn. ðə ˈrænʧoʊ stɔr, ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˈoʊpən ɪn 2018 wɪl bi fərst ɪn ðə ˈɪnˌlænd ˈɛmpaɪər. ɪts ˈnɪrəst loʊˈkeɪʃənz ər ɪn ɑrˈkeɪdiə ənd ˌpæsəˈdinər. ˈɔnˌlaɪn rəvˈjuz ər mɪkst, wɪθ ˈʃɑpərz ˈləvɪŋ ðə kloʊðz ɪf nɑt ðə ˈʃɑpɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns. ðə ˈfæʃən ˈriˌteɪlər həz mɔr ðən ə ˈdəzən loʊˈkeɪʃənz ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ənd ˈɔrɪnʤ ˈkaʊntiz, ənd ə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ˈsɛnər ɪn redlands*. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz əˈbaʊt stɔrz ˈwərldˈwaɪd əˈkrɔs 88 ˈkəntriz, wɪθ ˈflægˌʃɪp loʊˈkeɪʃənz ɔn fɪθ ˈævəˌnu ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ənd ˈɑksfərd strit ɪn ˈləndən. θɪŋk greɪt tɪ si ə ˈriˌteɪlər ðət ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd θruaʊt ðə wərld, ənd (hir), ˈmoʊstli ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ənd ˈɔrɪnʤ counties,”*,” sɛd ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈɛkspərt bræd əˈmænski, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈrænʧoʊ kəˈmərʃəl ril ɛˈsteɪt fərm prəˈgrɛsɪv ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈpɑrtnərz. θɪŋk (ˈzærə æt vɪkˈtɔriə ˈgɑrdənz) ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ əˈpil tɪ jəŋ ˈwɪmən ɪn ðɛr tinz ənd 20s*, ənd ɪt ˈdɛfənətli wɪl brɪŋ ən əˈpil ənd ˌɪnˈkrist fʊt ˈtræfɪk tɪ ðət pɑrt əv vɪkˈtɔriə gardens.”*.” nid fər ə ˈsɛkənd ˈstɔri ˈprɑmptɪd ðə ˌdɛməˈlɪʃən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ əˈfɪʃəlz wɪθ ˈfɔrɪst ˈsɪti ˈriəlˌti trəst, wɪʧ oʊnz vɪkˈtɔriə ˈgɑrdənz. ən iˈmeɪl sɛd ɪt wɑz nɑt ðə fərst taɪm ðə mɔl nɑkt daʊn ə ˈbɪldɪŋ tɪ əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ə nu ˈtɛnənt. pænˈdɔrə ənd lɔft, wɪʧ ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ naʊ dɪˈmɑlɪʃt, wər ˌriˈloʊkeɪtɪd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ mɔl əˈfɪʃəlz. ˈniðər ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv fər ˈzærə nɔr ðə mɔl kʊd bi ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli riʧt fər ən ˈɪntərvˌju. ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt əv ˈzærə kəmz ɛz mɔlz ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd hæv bɪn əˈlɑtɪŋ mɔr əv ðɛr speɪs fər ˈdaɪnɪŋ ənd ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ɛz ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈʃɑpɪŋ kəts ˈɪntu trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈriˌteɪl seɪlz. vɪkˈtɔriə ˈgɑrdənz sɔ ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ɪn meɪ əv ðə pənʧ boʊl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ənd bɑr. ɪn mɑrʧ, ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt kɔld ʤæks ˈərbən its ˈoʊpənd. greɪt tɪ si ˈfɔrɪst ˈsɪti ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ˌriɪnˈvɛst ɪn (vɪkˈtɔriə ˈgɑrdənz, wɪʧ ɪz) ˈrɛlətɪvli nu, ənd aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz ˈvɛri ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv əv ðə weɪ ðə ˈriˌteɪl ˈɪndəstri ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ɛnd əp biɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz, ðɛr ər fjuər kˈwɑləti ˈtɛnənts aʊt ðɛr, ənd wɪn ju hæv ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ə kˈwɑləti ˈriˌteɪlər, goʊɪŋ tɪ nid tɪ ˌriɪnˈvɛst ɪn jʊr property,”*,” əˈmænski sɛd. hu du ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi səkˈsɛsfəl ɪn ðə lɔŋ rən. ðoʊz hu ər ˈdɛfənətli goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈfeɪsɪŋ mɔr challenges.”*.”

rancho cucamonga >> a building at victoria gardens has been demolished to make way for another along south main street, mall officials said. construction will continue through summer 2018 in a space near the apple store. the outdoor mall has already signed a tenant for the space: zara, a clothing and accessories retailer with headquarters in spain. the rancho cucamonga store, expected to open in 2018, will be zara’s first in the inland empire. its nearest locations are in arcadia and pasadena. online reviews are mixed, with shoppers loving the clothes if not the shopping experience. the fashion retailer has more than a dozen locations in los angeles and orange counties, and a distribution center in redlands. the company has about 2,100 stores worldwide across 88 countries, with flagship locations on fifth avenue in new york city and oxford street in london. “i think it’s great to see a retailer that is located throughout the world, and (here), mostly in los angeles and orange counties,” said real estate expert brad umansky, president of the rancho cucamonga-based commercial real estate firm progressive real estate partners. “i think (zara at victoria gardens) is going to appeal to young women in their teens and 20s, and it definitely will bring an appeal and increased foot traffic to that part of victoria gardens.” zara’s need for a second story prompted the demolition, according to officials with cleveland-based forest city realty trust, which owns victoria gardens. an email said it was not the first time the mall knocked down a building to accommodate a new tenant. pandora and loft, which occupied the building now demolished, were relocated, according to mall officials. neither a representative for zara nor the mall could be immediately reached for an interview. the announcement of zara comes as malls nationwide have been allotting more of their space for dining and entertainment as online shopping cuts into traditional brick-and-mortar retail sales. victoria gardens saw the opening in may of the 19,000-square-foot punch bowl social restaurant and bar. in march, a cafeteria-style restaurant called jacks urban eats opened. “it’s great to see forest city making a commitment to reinvest in (victoria gardens, which is) relatively new, and i think this is very indicative of the way the retail industry is going to end up being, which is, there are fewer quality tenants out there, and when you have an opportunity to secure a quality retailer, you’re going to need to reinvest in your property,” umansky said. “those who do are going to be successful in the long run. those who don’t are definitely going to be facing more challenges.”

wɪθ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsɪstəm ɪn prɪˈdɪktəbəl keɪɑs ˈəndər ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈlidərˌʃɪp (ər læk ˌðɛˈrəv) ˈɔfərd baɪ ˈdɑnəld trəmp ˈdɑnəld ʤɑn trumpread*: koʊən ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni əˈlɛʤɪz trəmp nu stoʊn tɔkt wɪθ əˈbaʊt ˈdiˌɛnˌsi iˈmeɪlz trəmp ˈərʤɪz nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə tɪ əˈhɛd əv ˈsəmɪt ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪləz sɪz hi fɪrz 'bæd' ˈpipəl əraʊnd trəmp mɔr, ɪt ɪz noʊ səˈpraɪz ðət ˈkænədɪts ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈlaɪnɪŋ əp tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ɪm ɪn 2020 ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈɑpərətɪvz, ˈwɑʧɪŋ fənd ˈreɪzɪŋ ənd ˈərli trɪps tɪ ˈaɪəwə, toʊld ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ɪt wɑz ðə ˈərliəst stɑrt ðeɪ hæd ˈɛvər sin tɪ ðə ˈʤɑkiɪŋ ðət ˈtɪpɪkəli prɪˈsidz ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈkɪˌkɔf tɪ ðə kæmˈpeɪn fər ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl nomination.”*.” fər ə ˈdɛməˌkræt tɪ wɪn ɪn 2020 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt wɪl teɪk mɔr ðən ʤɪst ˈməni frəm ˈwɛlθi ˈdoʊnərz. ˈdɛməˌkræts nid tɪ meɪk ˈsɪriəs ˈɪnˌroʊdz wɪθ ˈpipəl əv feɪθ. ˈɑrgjuəbli, wən əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈrizənz fər ˌɪmˈprɑbəbəl ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈvɪktəri ɪn 2016 wər ðə waɪt kənˈsərvətɪv ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl ˈvoʊtərz ðət flɑkt tɪ ðə saɪd dɪˈspaɪt hɪz læk əv rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti. trəmp kleɪmd ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪriən ʧərʧ ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ɪn 2016 bət ðət dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃən ˌriˈpɔrtəd noʊ ˈrɛkərdz əv hɪz ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ɪn ˈɛni əv ðɛr ˈʧərʧɪz. hi wɑz ˈbæpˌtaɪzd bət nɑt ˈæktɪv θruaʊt hɪz laɪf. wət hi dɪd du ɪn 2016 wɑz bɪld ə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈnɛtˌwərk əv kənˈsərvətɪv ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl ˈsərəˌgeɪts hu toʊld pərˈɪʃənərz tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr hɪz ˈkələrfəl, səm maɪt seɪ ˈsɪnfəl, laɪf ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv hɪz ˈprɑməs tɪ əˈpɔɪnt ˈʤəʤɪz ðət wʊd prəˈmoʊt kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈprɪnsəpəlz ˈoʊvər ˌplʊrəˈlɪstɪk aɪˈdilz əv rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm mɔr ɪn tun wɪθ ˈmeɪnˌstrim əˈmɛrɪkə. ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ˈhɪləri daɪæn ˈrɔdəm clintonread*: koʊən ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni əˈlɛʤɪz trəmp nu stoʊn tɔkt wɪθ əˈbaʊt ˈdiˌɛnˌsi iˈmeɪlz ˈkaʊnti ɪn ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ʃɛrz ˈɪmɪʤ kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˈsændərz tɪ ˈhɪtlər ˈhoʊldər: 'taɪm tɪ meɪk ðə ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkɑlɪʤ ə ˈvɛstɪʤ əv ðə pæst' mɔr, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, wɑz wɛl noʊn ɛz ə ˈfeɪθfəl ˈmɛmbər əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈmɛθədɪst ʧərʧ ʃi gru əp ɪn. ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt tɔkt əˈbaʊt hər feɪθ ɔn ðə kæmˈpeɪn treɪl, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈsizən, bət ˈnɛvər dɪˈvɛləpt ə ˈfʊli flɛʤd ˈaʊˌtriʧ ˈɛfərt tɪ drɔ ɪn rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈvoʊtərz ɪn ðə weɪ ðət ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈbɑrək huˈseɪn nɛkst meɪər wɪl bi ə blæk ˈwʊmən ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈpɔrtrəts brɔt mɔr ðən 1 ˈmɪljən ˈvɪzɪtərz tɪ ˈnæʃənəl ˈpɔrtrət ˈgæləri ɪn fərst jɪr wɪθ loʊ bərθ reɪt, əˈmɛrɪkə nidz fˈjuʧər ˈmaɪgrənts mɔr, əˈnəðər ˈæktɪv ˈkrɪsʧɪn, hæd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 2008 kæmˈpeɪn. ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ˈklɪntən boʊθ hæd ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ kənˈsərvətɪv ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl ˈvoʊtərz. fər ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ðə ˈɪʃu wɑz reɪs. fər ˈklɪntən, ðə ˈɪʃu wɑz ˈʤɛndər. ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ɪn 2008 ðət ə ˈdɛməˌkræt hu ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ɪn ðə feɪθ kəmˈjunɪti ənd wərkt hɑrd kʊd bɪld ˈbrɪʤɪz wɪθ feɪθ ˈvoʊtərz ˈkrɪsʧɪnz, ʤuz, ˈməzlɪmz ənd sˈmɔlər feɪθ trəˈdɪʃənz ɔn ˈɪʃuz əv ˈkɑmən graʊnd ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ɔl, ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən rɪˈfɔrm ənd ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. pju ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 5 2008 ˌoʊˈbɑmə, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wən ðə ˈkæθlɪk voʊt ɪn 2008 ˈkɛri, ə ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪk hɪmˈsɛlf, lɔst ðə ˈkæθlɪk voʊt ɪn hɪz 2004 reɪs əˈgɛnst ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ. ˈkɛri ˈɔfərd noʊ rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈaʊˌtriʧ tɪ spik əv ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz kæmˈpeɪn. ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌɪnˈkris hɪz ʃɛr əv ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈprɑtəstənt voʊt baɪ 5 pərˈsɛnt kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ 2004 pərˈfɔrməns. ɪn kloʊz ɪˈlɛkʃənz, səʧ ˈaʊtˌkəmz ˈmætər. ɪn 2012 feɪθ ˈaʊˌtriʧ wɑz ˈdaʊnˌsaɪzd ɪn ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns ɪn ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə kæmˈpeɪn. ðə ““a”*” tim wɑz ˈbɪzi æt ðə waɪt haʊs. tʊk ðə hɛlm ɪn 2012 wɪn ɪt keɪm tɪ feɪθ ˈaʊˌtriʧ. ðə ˈoʊnli braɪt laɪt wɑz ðə ˈhaɪrɪŋ əv ðə rɛv. ˈdɑktər. ˈdɛrɪk ˈhɑrkɪnz tɪ wərk ɔn rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈaʊˌtriʧ æt ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈnæʃənəl kəˈmɪti. soʊ ɪt wɑz noʊ səˈpraɪz tɪ si ˈoʊvərˌɔl ʃɛr əv ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs voʊt ʃrɪŋk ɪn 2012 ðɪs ʃʊd hæv bɪn ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈlɛsən fər 2016 bət ðə ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn dɪd nɑt hid ɪt. wət feɪθ ˈaʊˌtriʧ ðət dɪd əˈkər ˈhæpənd ˈlɑrʤli wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv grups ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə kæmˈpeɪn. wət ˈklɪntən ˈnidɪd wɑz ə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈaʊˌtriʧ ˈɛfərt ˈhɛdɪd baɪ ˈsəmˌwən laɪk ˈʤɑˌʃuə duˈbɔɪs ər bərnz ˈstraɪdər, tu ˈvɛtərənz əv ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪnz. pərˈhæps ɪt wɑz prɪˈdɪktəbəl ðət ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl ˈkrɪsʧɪnz wʊd voʊt fər ðə ˌnɑməˈni. bət ˈklɪntən lɔst ðə ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪk voʊt ðət ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈkɛrid ɪn 2008 ənd 2012 kæmˈpeɪn ˈɔlsoʊ sɔ ðɛr ʃɛr əv ðə ˈprɑtəstənt voʊt drɔp, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ pju. ˈərli kaʊnts ˈspɛkjəˌleɪt ðət ɛz ˈmɛni ɛz 20 ˈdɛməˌkræts ər kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ə rən əˈgɛnst trəmp. ˈfɔrmər ˈvaɪˈsprɛzədənt ʤoʊ ˈbaɪdən ˈʤoʊzəf (ʤoʊ) ˈrɑbɪˌnɛt tɪ ˌəndɪˈsaɪdɪd ˈbaɪdən: 'ʤɪst seɪ jɛs' tɪ 2020 bɪd poʊl ʃoʊz ˈbaɪdən lidz ˈdɛməˌkræts vaɪɪŋ fər 2020 ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən ðə hɪlz ˈmɔrnɪŋ rɪˈpɔrt əˈpɪr tɪ hæv voʊts tɪ ˈkaʊntər trəmp ɔn ˈimərʤənsi mɔr ənd ˈfɔrmər həd ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈkæstroʊ, boʊθ ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪks, wʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ðɛr feɪθ ˈstɔriz ənd ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˌdɛməˈgræfɪks ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkəlʧər ðət wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli meɪk waɪt kənˈsərvətɪv ˌiˌvænˈʤɛlɪkəlz lɛs ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðən ləˈtinoʊ ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪks. ʤɛf ˈmərkli ˈʤɛfri (ʤɛf) ˈælən kənˈfərmz trəmp kɔrt pɪk dɪˈspaɪt ˈmɪsɪŋ tu 'blu slɪps' ˈsɪkˈstin jɪrz ˈleɪtər, lɛts ˈfaɪnəli hid ðə kɔl əv ðə kəˈmɪʃən ˈsɛnɪt blu slɪp wɔr ˈoʊvər trəmp kɔrt pɪks mɔr, ðə juz. ˈsɛnətər frəm ˈɔrəˌgɑn ənd ˈfeɪvərɪt əv ðə ˈbərni ˈsændərz ˈbərnərd (ˈbərni) sik tɪ tərn ˈteɪbəlz ɔn ɪn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ faɪt ˈbərni ˈsændərz taʊn hɔl ˈfɪnɪʃɪz θərd ɪn ˈkeɪbəl nuz reɪs, drɔz ˈmɪljən vjuərz ˈwʊmən tɪ ˌəndɪˈsaɪdɪd ˈbaɪdən: 'ʤɪst seɪ jɛs' tɪ 2020 bɪd mɔr wɪŋ əv ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti, həz ˈnɛvər ʃaɪd əˈweɪ frəm ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs feɪθ ɛz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl ˈluθərən ʧərʧ əv əˈmɛrɪkə (ðə ˈlɑrʤəst juz. ˈluθərən dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃən). juz. ˈsɛnətər ˈhɛrɪs ˌɪntrəˈdusɪz bɪl tɪ pʊʃ bæk oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈpraɪˌmɛri koʊən grɪld baɪ ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈpænəl ˈbərni ˈsændərz taʊn hɔl ˈfɪnɪʃɪz θərd ɪn ˈkeɪbəl nuz reɪs, drɔz ˈmɪljən vjuərz mɔr, hu aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪz ɛz ˈbæptɪst, toʊld ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs taɪmz ɪn 2015 ðət: "aɪ gru əp goʊɪŋ tɪ ə blæk ˈbæptɪst ʧərʧ ənd ə ˈhɪnˌdu ˈtɛmpəl." ˈhɛrɪs kʊd bi ðə moʊst ˌɔˈθɛnɪkli ˌɪntərˈfeɪθ ˈkænədɪt ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri. fər ðoʊz ðət hæv rɛd ɛnd əv waɪt ˈkrɪsʧɪn america”*” baɪ ˈrɑbərt pi. ʤoʊnz, ðə aɪˈdiə əv ə ˈkænədɪt wɪθ ən ˌɪntərˈfeɪθ ˈbækˌgraʊnd ɪz ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ ɪn ə ˈneɪʃən bɪˈkəmɪŋ mɔr ənd mɔr rɪˈlɪʤəsli ənd ˈkəlʧərəˌli ˌplʊrəˈlɪstɪk. wɪθ soʊ ˈmɛni ˈkænədɪts əv dip feɪθ pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈrənɪŋ, ðə kˈwɛʃən fər ˈdɛməˌkræts ɪn boʊθ ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ɪn 2018 ənd ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən əv 2020 ɪz wɪl ðeɪ wəns əˈgɛn ɪnˈgeɪʤ feɪθ ˈvoʊtərz ɛz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪf nɑt ˈkrɪtɪkəl pɑrt əv ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən, ər wɪl ðeɪ kənˈtɪnju ə ˈpætərn əv bɪˈheɪvjər ənd ˈlɑrʤli ˌɪgˈnɔr ˈpipəl əv feɪθ? ɛz ˈkɛri ənd ˈklɪntən ˈlərnɪd ðə hɑrd weɪ, biɪŋ ə ˈpərsən əv feɪθ ɪz nɑt ðə seɪm ɛz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈpipəl əv feɪθ tɪ voʊt fər ju. ðə rɛv. ˈdɑktər. ʧək ˈkəri ɪz ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈʧæplən, dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈsɛnər fər pis ənd ˌspɪrɪˌʧuˈæləˌti ənd əˈsɪstənt prəˈfɛsər əv rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈstədiz æt pəˈsɪfɪk ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˈfɔrɪst groʊv, ˈɔrəˌgɑn. ˈkəri ɪz ən ɔrˈdeɪnd ˈmɪnɪstər ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ʧərʧ əv kraɪst. hi sərvd ɛz ə ˈsərəˌgeɪt fər ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər əˈmɛrɪkə ɪn 2008 ənd wɑz ə ˈsərəˌgeɪt fər kərˈɛkt ðə ˈrɛkərd ɪn 2016 ðə vjuz ɪkˈsprɛst baɪ kənˈtrɪbjətərz ər ðɛr oʊn ənd nɑt ðə vjuz əv ðə hɪl.

with the american political system in predictable chaos under the presidential leadership (or lack thereof) offered by donald trump donald john trumpread: cohen testimony alleges trump knew stone talked with wikileaks about dnc emails trump urges north korea to denuclearize ahead of summit venezuela's maduro says he fears 'bad' people around trump more, it is no surprise that candidates are already lining up to challenge him in 2020. democratic operatives, watching fund raising and early trips to iowa, told the new york times “that it was the earliest start they had ever seen to the jockeying that typically precedes the official kickoff to the campaign for the party’s presidential nomination.” for a democrat to win in 2020, however, it will take more than just money from wealthy donors. democrats need to make serious inroads with people of faith. arguably, one of the major reasons for trump’s improbable electoral college victory in 2016 were the white conservative evangelical voters that flocked to the gop candidate’s side despite his lack of religiosity. trump claimed membership in the presbyterian church usa in 2016 but that denomination reported no records of his membership in any of their churches. he was baptized but not active throughout his life. what he did do in 2016 was build a successful network of conservative evangelical surrogates who told parishioners to ignore his colorful, some might say sinful, life in favor of his promise to appoint judges that would promote conservative christian principles over pluralistic ideals of religious freedom more in tune with mainstream america. hillary clinton hillary diane rodham clintonread: cohen testimony alleges trump knew stone talked with wikileaks about dnc emails county gop in minnesota shares image comparing sanders to hitler holder: 'time to make the electoral college a vestige of the past' more, on the other hand, was well known as a faithful member of the united methodist church she grew up in. the former secretary of state talked about her faith on the campaign trail, particularly during the primary season, but never developed a fully fledged outreach effort to draw in religious voters in the way that barack obama barack hussein obamachicago's next mayor will be a black woman obama portraits brought more than 1 million visitors to national portrait gallery in first year with low birth rate, america needs future migrants more, another active christian, had during the 2008 campaign. obama and clinton both had problems with conservative evangelical voters. for obama, the issue was race. for clinton, the issue was gender. obama, however, demonstrated in 2008 that a democrat who organized in the faith community and worked hard could build bridges with faith voters — christians, jews, muslims and smaller faith traditions — on issues of common ground including economic opportunity for all, immigration reform and climate change. pew research center reported on november 5, 2008: obama, for example, won the catholic vote in 2008. kerry, a roman catholic himself, lost the catholic vote in his 2004 race against george w. bush. kerry offered no religious outreach to speak of during his campaign. obama was also able to increase his share of the overall protestant vote by 5 percent compared with kerry’s 2004 performance. in close elections, such outcomes matter. in 2012, faith outreach was downsized in importance in the obama campaign. the president’s “a” team was busy at the white house. backbenchers took the helm in 2012 when it came to faith outreach. the only bright light was the hiring of the rev. dr. derrick harkins to work on religious outreach at the democratic national committee. so it was no surprise to see obama’s overall share of the religious vote shrink in 2012. this should have been an important lesson for 2016 but the clinton campaign did not heed it. what faith outreach that did occur happened largely with the help of groups outside the campaign. what clinton needed was a obama 2008-style outreach effort headed by someone like joshua dubois or burns strider, two veterans of the obama and clinton campaigns. perhaps it was predictable that evangelical christians would vote for the gop nominee. but clinton lost the roman catholic vote that obama carried in 2008 and 2012. clinton’s campaign also saw their share of the protestant vote drop, according to pew. early counts speculate that as many as 20 democrats are considering a run against trump. former vice-president joe biden joseph (joe) robinette bidenwoman to undecided biden: 'just say yes' to 2020 bid poll shows biden leads democrats vying for 2020 nomination the hill's morning report - dems appear to have votes to counter trump on emergency more and former hud secretary julián castro, both roman catholics, would benefit from their faith stories and changing demographics in american culture that will eventually make white conservative evangelicals less important than latino roman catholics. jeff merkley jeffrey (jeff) alan merkleysenate confirms trump court pick despite missing two 'blue slips' sixteen years later, let's finally heed the call of the 9/11 commission senate reignites blue slip war over trump court picks more, the u.s. senator from oregon and favorite of the bernie sanders bernard (bernie) sanderssenate dems seek to turn tables on gop in climate change fight bernie sanders town hall finishes third in cable news race, draws 1.4 million viewers woman to undecided biden: 'just say yes' to 2020 bid more wing of the democratic party, has never shied away from talking about this faith as a member of the evangelical lutheran church of america (the largest u.s. lutheran denomination). u.s. senator kamala harris kamala devi harrisdem introduces bill to push back ohio presidential primary cohen grilled by senate intelligence panel bernie sanders town hall finishes third in cable news race, draws 1.4 million viewers more, who identifies as baptist, told the los angeles times in 2015 that: "i grew up going to a black baptist church and a hindu temple." harris could be the most authentically interfaith candidate in american history. for those that have read “the end of white christian america” by robert p. jones, the idea of a candidate with an interfaith background is intriguing in a nation becoming more and more religiously and culturally pluralistic. with so many candidates of deep faith potentially running, the question for democrats in both the upcoming mid-terms in 2018 and the presidential election of 2020, is will they once again engage faith voters as an important if not critical part of the democratic coalition, or will they continue a pattern of self-defeating behavior and largely ignore people of faith? as kerry and clinton learned the hard way, being a person of faith is not the same as getting people of faith to vote for you. the rev. dr. chuck currie is university chaplain, director of the center for peace and spirituality and assistant professor of religious studies at pacific university in forest grove, oregon. currie is an ordained minister in the united church of christ. he served as a surrogate for obama for america in 2008 and was a surrogate for correct the record in 2016. the views expressed by contributors are their own and not the views of the hill.

ðə prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈhirɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkrɪmənəl keɪs əˈgɛnst ˈfɔrmər ˈmɪʃɪgən steɪt ənd ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ʤɪmˈnæstɪks fəˈzɪʃən ˈlɛri ˈnæsər kənˈtɪnjud təˈdeɪ ɪn ə ˈmɪʃɪgən kɔrt, wɪθ fɔr ˈvɪktɪmz ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪɪŋ əˈbaʊt haʊ ðeɪ seɪ ðə ˈdɔktər ˈsɛkʃuəli əˈbjuzd ðɛm ˈəndər ðə gaɪz əv ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtritmənts. ðɪs ˈhirɪŋ wɑz ə kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən əv ðə prəˈsidɪŋz ðət ˈstɑrtɪd ɔn meɪ 12 ˈnæsər hæd ˈplidɪd nɑt ˈgɪlti tɪ ɔl əv ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz. ˈhirɪŋ bɪˈgæn wɪθ ðə krɔs ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv ˈvɪktɪm di baɪ ðə dɪˈfɛns əˈtərniz. (ʃi hæd bɪn kˈwɛsʧənd baɪ ðə ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən θri wiks praɪər.) ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ðə kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ, æt list ˌɪˈnɪʃəli, wɑz ˈvɪktɪm ˈɪnʤəri ˈhɪstəri ənd ˈwɛðər ər nɑt hər kənˈdɪʃən ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈæftər biɪŋ ˈtritɪd baɪ ˈnæsər. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðə dɪˈfɛns ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kˈwɛʃən ðə ˈvɪktɪm ɛz tɪ ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ʃi hæd faɪld ə ˈsɪvəl sut əˈgɛnst ˈnæsər, bət ðə ʤəʤ stɑpt ðət laɪn əv kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ bɪˈkəz ðə ˈvɪktɪm ɪz ə ˈmaɪnər ənd haɪər ən əˈtərni fər hərˈsɛlf. ɔn ˌridərˈɛkt, ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər æst ðə ˈwɪtnəs ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ˈnæsər hæd æst fər hər kənˈsɛnt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌpɛnəˈtreɪʃən. ʃi sɛd hi hæd nɑt, ənd ʃi ðɛn ˌdɪfərˈɛnʧiˌeɪtəd bɪtˈwin ðə pɑrts əv ðə ““treatment”*” ənd ðə pɑrts. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈæftər ə brif ˈrisɛs tɪ dɪˈtərmən wɪʧ ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈmidiə kʊd rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðə ˈkɔrˌtrum, ðə ˈhirɪŋ kənˈtɪnjud wɪθ ðə kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ əv ˈvɪktɪm ə, ə ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈʤɪmnəst æt, ðə kləb ðət ˈnæsər hæd bɪn əˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ənˈtɪl ðə fərst raʊnd əv əˈbjuz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz læst sɛpˈtɛmbər. æt ðət ˈvɪktɪm ə fərst ɪnˈkaʊnərd ˈnæsər, wɛr hi ˈtritɪd hər fər ə rɪb ˈɪnʤəri. ˈleɪtər, wɪn ˈvɪktɪm ə wɑz 11 ənd ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ə fʊt ˈɪnʤəri, ʃi wɛnt tɪ ˈklɪnɪk ˈɔfəs wɪθ hər ˈfɑðər. ʃi sɛd hər ˈfæməli nu ˈnæsər prəˈfɛʃənəli θru ˈmɪʃɪgən steɪt. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈnæsər toʊld ðə ˈfɑðər ðət hər ˈtritmənt wʊd teɪk əˈwaɪl ənd geɪv hər ə pɛr əv ˈbægi ʃɔrts tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈɪntu. ðə ˈvɪktɪm wɑz nɑt ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈɛni ˈəndərˌwɛr. wɪn ˈnæsər rɪˈtərnz, hi wɑz əˈloʊn ənd nɑt ˈwɛrɪŋ gləvz, ʃi sɛd. ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli, hi ˈdɪʤətəli ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪd hər, wɪʧ ˈgreɪtli kənfˈjuzd hər. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ʃi sɛd noʊ wən ɛls wɑz ɪn ðə rum ˌbiˈfɔr ðə məˈsɑʒ ənd noʊ kənˈsɛnt ər praɪər ˈnoʊtɪs hæd bɪn ˈgɪvɪn. ˈvɪktɪm ə sɛd ðət ʃi tɛl hər ˈpɛrənts bɪˈkəz ʃi bɪˈlivd ɪt wɑz ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtritmənt. ˈvɪktɪm ə dɪd noʊt ðət wɪn hər ˈməðər, ə ˈdɔktər, əˈkəmpənid hər tɪ ˈnæsər, hi ˈpɛnəˌtreɪt hər ɔn ðoʊz ˈvɪzɪts. ˈvɪktɪm ə sɛd ðət ðə ˈʤɪmnæsts æt wʊd dɪˈskəs ˈmɛθədz əˈməŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt wɪn ˈvɪktɪm ə hərd əˈbaʊt ˈreɪʧəl ənd ʤeɪn ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈnæsər ɪn ðə ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs stɑr læst jɪr, ʃi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ tɛl hər ˈpɛrənts əˈbaʊt wət hæd ˈhæpənd tɪ hər. hər ˈməðər kɔld ðə pəˈlis, hu ˈɪntərvˌjud hər æt smɔl tɔk, ə pleɪs fər kɪdz hu hæd bɪn ˈsɛkʃuəli əˈbjuzd. ʃi ˌɪˈnɪʃəli toʊld ðə pəˈlis ʃi ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪd bɪˈkəz ʃi noʊ wət ɪt mɛnt. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈvɪktɪm ə ˈɔlsoʊ spoʊk əˈbaʊt haʊ ðə ˈriləˈzeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə əˈbjuz həz əˈfɛktɪd hər. ˈvɪktɪm ə sɛd ðət ɪt ənˈtɪl ʃi rɛd ðə əˈkaʊnt ɪn ðə stɑr ðət ʃi ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstʊd wət hæd ˈhæpənd tɪ hər bɪˈkəz ðə ˈditeɪlz ɪn ˈstɔri ˈkloʊsli rɪˈzɛmbəld hər oʊn ɪkˈspɪriəns. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈæftər lənʧ, tu mɔr ˈvɪktɪmz ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd. ˈvɪktɪm i, naʊ 18 ˈstɑrtɪd ʤɪmˈnæstɪks æt eɪʤ 2 ʃi wɑz 12 wɪn ʃi fərst ˈstɑrtɪd siɪŋ ˈnæsər. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈvɪktɪm i sɛd ðət wɪn ʃi wɑz 13 ˈnæsər ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪd hər ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈtritmənt, ˈkleɪmɪŋ ɪt wɑz riˈlis. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈvɪktɪm, ˈnæsər ˈnɛvər dɪˈskəst ˌpɛnəˈtreɪʃən wɪθ hər ər hər ˈfɑðər. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈnæsər ˈɔlsoʊ ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈgrumɪŋ bɪˈheɪvjərz, ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ˈvɪktɪm ə ˈprɛzənt ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə 2012 oʊˈlɪmpɪks. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðɪs wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli taɪm ðət ˈnæsər ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪd hər. ʃi sɛd ʃi ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd tɪ hər ˈfɑðər ˈæftərwərdz ðət ˈnæsər hæd dən ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪrd. ˈvɪktɪm i sɛd ðət ðə ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz ˈnæsər geɪv hər tɪ du æt hoʊm hɛlpt hər bət ʃi fil ðət wət hi dɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə əˈpɔɪntmənts dɪd məʧ tɪ əˈliviˌeɪt hər peɪn. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt laɪk ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər ˈwɪmən hu hæv kəm ˈfɔrwərd, ˈvɪktɪm i sɛd ðət ðə əˈkaʊnt ɪn ðə stɑr hɛlpt hər ˈriəˌlaɪz ʃi hæd bɪn ˈsɛkʃuəli əˈbjuzd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðət əˈpɔɪntmənt. ˈdʊrɪŋ krɔs ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən, ˈʃænən smɪθ, wən əv tu dɪˈfɛns ˈlɔjərz ɔn tim, ˈoʊpənd baɪ ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə fækt ðət ʃi həz ə ˈdɔtər hu dɪz ʤɪmˈnæstɪks æt ˈvɪktɪm ʤɪm. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt smɪθ ðɛn ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu əv gləvz, ər ðə læk ˌðɛˈrəv, ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈtritmənts. (ðeɪ dɪd ðɪs wɪθ ðə ˈpriviəs ˈwɪtnəs.) ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈvɪktɪmz hæv sɛd ðət ðə ˈæbsəns əv gləvz ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈtritmənts tɪ ðə ˈʤɛnətəl ˈɛriə wɑz wən əv ðə ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz ðət ˈsəmθɪŋ wɑz əˈmɪs; ðə dɪˈfɛns ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk ðə keɪs ðət ðɪs ɪz nɑt ɛz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ɛz ðə ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən ənd ˈvɪktɪmz ər seɪɪŋ ɪt ɪz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt smɪθ ˈɔlsoʊ kˈwɛsʧənd hər əˈbaʊt ðə gɪft ˈnæsər geɪv hər, ˈpɔɪntɪŋ aʊt ðət ˈnæsər geɪv ɪt tɪ hər ɪn frənt əv hər ˈfɑðər ənd ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət ˈnæsər brɔt bæk pɪnz fər ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈpeɪʃənz. ˈvɪktɪm i əˈgrid ðət ðɪs wɑz ˈækjərət ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈwɪtnəs tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ wɑz ˈvɪktɪm bi, hu wɑz ˈtritɪd baɪ ˈnæsər fər səˈvɪr bæk peɪn wɪn ʃi wɑz 11 laɪk ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðərz ˌbiˈfɔr hər, ʃi sɛd ðət ə ˈpɛrənt wɑz ɪn ðə rum waɪl ˈnæsər ˈtritɪd hər bət ðət hər vju wɑz əbˈstrəktɪd. ʃi sɛd ðət ˈnæsər ˈdɪʤətəli ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪd vəˈʤaɪnə ˈdʊrɪŋ hər ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈtritmənt ənd ʃi ˈnɛvər geɪv ɪm pərˈmɪʃən tɪ du ðɪs. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ʃi sɛd ðət ˈdʊrɪŋ hər læst ˈvɪzɪt, hi geɪv hər ˈliəˌtɑrd. ˈvɪktɪm bi sɛd ʃi fərst toʊld hər ˈpɛrənts əˈbaʊt wət ˈnæsər hæd dən tɪ hər ˈæftər ʃi rɛd ðə ˈstɔri ɔn ðə fərst ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðə dɪˈfɛns wʊd siz əˈpɑn ˈvɪktɪm bɪˈleɪtɪd əˈwɛrnəs ðət ʃi hæd bɪn əˈbjuzd (ɛz ðeɪ dɪd wɪθ ˈpriviəs ˈwɪtnəsɪz) tɪ səˈʤɛst ðət ðə stɑr ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈɪnfluənst ðɛm. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈvɪktɪm bi sɛd ðət ðə fækt ðət ˈnæsər ˈnɛvər sɔt kənˈsɛnt fər ˌpɛnəˈtreɪʃən wɑz ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk. ðə dɪˈfɛns əˈtərni ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət hər ˈməðər droʊv hər tɪ hər əˈpɔɪntmənts wɪθ ˈnæsər, bət dɪˈrɛkli ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈɪʃu əv ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ʃi ənd hər ˈməðər, sɪns ʃi wɑz ə ˈmaɪnər, kənˈsɛnɪd tɪ ən ˌɪnˈveɪsɪv prəˈsiʤər ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˌpɛnəˈtreɪʃən. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðə nɛkst prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈhirɪŋ ɪz ˈskɛʤʊld fər ʤun 23

the preliminary hearing in the criminal case against former michigan state and usa gymnastics physician larry nassar continued today in a michigan court, with four victims testifying about how they say the doctor sexually abused them under the guise of medical treatments. this hearing was a continuation of the proceedings that started on may 12. nassar had pleaded not guilty to all of the charges. today’s hearing began with the cross examination of victim d by the defense attorneys. (she had been questioned by the prosecution three weeks prior.) the focus of the questioning, at least initially, was victim d’s injury history and whether or not her condition improved after being treated by nassar. advertisement the defense also wanted to question the victim as to whether or not she had filed a civil suit against nassar, but the judge stopped that line of questioning because the victim is a minor and hire an attorney for herself. on redirect, the prosecutor asked the witness whether or not nassar had asked for her consent before the penetration. she said he had not, and she then differentiated between the penetrative parts of the “treatment” and the non-penetrative parts. advertisement after a brief recess to determine which members of the media could remain in the courtroom, the hearing continued with the questioning of victim a, a teenage gymnast at twistars, the club that nassar had been affiliated with until the first round of abuse allegations last september. it’s at twistars that victim a first encountered nassar, where he treated her for a rib injury. later, when victim a was 11 and dealing with a foot injury, she went to nassar’s clinic office with her father. she said her family knew nassar professionally through michigan state. advertisement nassar told the victim’s father that her treatment would take awhile and gave her a pair of baggy shorts to change into. the victim was not wearing any underwear. when nassar returns, he was alone and not wearing gloves, she said. almost immediately, he digitally penetrated her, which greatly confused her. advertisement she said no one else was in the room before the massage and no consent or prior notice had been given. victim a said that she didn’t tell her parents because she believed it was legitimate medical treatment. victim a did note that when her mother, a doctor, accompanied her to nassar, he didn’t penetrate her on those visits. victim a said that the gymnasts at twistars would discuss nassar’s methods among themselves. advertisement when victim a heard about rachael denhollander’s and jane doe’s allegations against nassar in the indianapolis star last year, she decided to tell her parents about what had happened to her. her mother called the police, who interviewed her at small talk, a place for kids who had been sexually abused. she initially told the police she wasn’t penetrated because she didn’t know what it meant. advertisement victim a also spoke about how the realization about the abuse has affected her. victim a said that it wasn’t until she read the account in the star that she better understood what had happened to her because the details in denhollander’s story closely resembled her own experience. advertisement after lunch, two more victims testified. victim e, now 18, started gymnastics at age 2. she was 12 when she first started seeing nassar. advertisement victim e said that when she was 13, nassar penetrated her during treatment, claiming it was myofascial release. according to the victim, nassar never discussed penetration with her or her father. advertisement nassar also engaged in grooming behaviors, giving the victim a present shortly after the 2012 olympics. advertisement this was the only time that nassar penetrated her. she said she indicated to her father afterwards that nassar had done something weird. victim e said that the exercises nassar gave her to do at home helped her but she didn’t feel that what he did during the appointments did much to alleviate her pain. advertisement like several other women who have come forward, victim e said that the account in the star helped her realize she had been sexually abused during that appointment. during cross examination, shannon smith, one of two defense lawyers on nassar’s team, opened by talking about the fact that she has a daughter who does gymnastics at victim e’s gym. advertisement smith then focused on the issue of gloves, or the lack thereof, during nassar’s penetrative treatments. (they did this with the previous witness.) many of the victims have said that the absence of gloves during treatments to the genital area was one of the indications that something was amiss; the defense is trying to make the case that this is not as significant as the prosecution and victims are saying it is. advertisement advertisement smith also questioned her about the gift nassar gave her, pointing out that nassar gave it to her in front of her father and indicated that nassar brought back pins for many other patients. victim e agreed that this was accurate the final witness to testify was victim b, who was treated by nassar for severe back pain when she was 11. like several others before her, she said that a parent was in the room while nassar treated her but that her mother’s view was obstructed. she said that nassar digitally penetrated vagina during her during treatment and she never gave him permission to do this. advertisement she said that during her last visit, he gave her leotard. victim b said she first told her parents about what nassar had done to her after she read the star’s story on the first allegations. advertisement the defense would seize upon victim b’s belated awareness that she had been abused (as they did with previous witnesses) to suggest that the star article influenced them. advertisement victim b said that the fact that nassar never sought consent for penetration was problematic. the defense attorney pointed out that her mother drove her to her appointments with nassar, but didn’t directly address the issue of whether or not she and her mother, since she was a minor, consented to an invasive procedure involving penetration. advertisement the next preliminary hearing is scheduled for june 23.

ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz kənˈtɪnju tɪ meɪk ˈɛrərz ɪn ðə traɪəl əv ˈsɛrʤi aleynikov*, ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈgoʊldmən sɑks ˈproʊˌgræmər hu ɪz biɪŋ traɪd fər ðə ˈsɛkənd taɪm ɔn ˈʧɑrʤɪz hi stoʊl səm əv ðə sɔrs koʊd tɪ ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm. ə nu jɔrk səˈprim kɔrt ˈʤəstɪs ruld ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ðət ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz fər ðə mænˈhætən ˈdɪstrɪkt əˈtərni, ˈsaɪrəs væns jr*., kʊd nɑt kɔl ən ˈɛkspərt ˈwɪtnəs tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ bɪˈkəz ðə ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən tim hæd toʊld ˈmɪstər. ˈlɔjər ˈərliər ðət ɪt hæd noʊ plænz tɪ kɔl ˈɛni ˈɛkspərt ˈwɪtnəsɪz. rɪˈmɛmbər ðə læst taɪm aɪ prɪˈkludɪd ən expert,”*,” sɛd ˈʤəstɪs ˈdænjəl pi. sɛd ɪn ə ˈrulɪŋ frəm ðə bɛnʧ. æm ˈvɛri ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd aɪ hæv tɪ du ðɪs thing.”*.” bət ðə ʤəʤ sɛd hi hæd tɪ teɪk ðə ənˈjuˌʒuəl stɛp əv prɪˈkludɪŋ ˈspɛnsər lɪnʧ, ə kəmˈpjutər ˌfɔˈrɛnsɪks ˈspɛʃəlɪst, frəm ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪɪŋ bɪˈkəz ɪt maɪt ˈprɛʤədɪs ˈmɪstər. əˈbɪləˌti tɪ rɪˈsiv ə fɛr traɪəl. ðə ʤəʤ, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ðə traɪəl həz bɪn ˌəndərˈweɪ fər ˈsɛvərəl deɪz, sɛd ˈmɪstər. ˈlɔjər, ˈkɛvɪn mərˈinoʊ, wɑz nɑt ˈgɪvɪn ˈædəkˌweɪt taɪm tɪ priˈpɛr fər ər əreɪnʤ tɪ hæv hɪz oʊn ˈɛkspərt ˈwɪtnəs teɪk ðə stænd tɪ rɪˈbət ˈmɪstər. ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni.

prosecutors continue to make unforced errors in the trial of sergey aleynikov, the former goldman sachs programmer who is being tried for the second time on charges he stole some of the source code to goldman’s high-frequency trading program. a new york supreme court justice ruled on tuesday that prosecutors for the manhattan district attorney, cyrus vance jr., could not call an expert witness to testify because the prosecution team had told mr. aleynikov’s lawyer earlier that it had no plans to call any expert witnesses. “i can’t remember the last time i precluded an expert,” said justice daniel p. conviser said in a ruling from the bench. “i am very disappointed i have to do this thing.” but the judge said he had to take the unusual step of precluding spencer lynch, a computer forensics specialist, from testifying because it might prejudice mr. aleynikov’s ability to receive a fair trial. the judge, noting that the trial has been underway for several days, said mr. aleynikov’s lawyer, kevin marino, was not given adequate time to prepare for cross-examination or arrange to have his own expert witness take the stand to rebut mr. lynch’s testimony.

““the* mechanic”*” rɪˈvilz wət ˈrɪli ˈhæpənz ɪn ðə hit əv ə ˈfɔrmjələ wən gərɑʒ frəm ˈfɔrmər ˈnəmbər wən mɪˈkænɪk mɑrk ˈpristli. ðə bʊk wɪl bi ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər bət ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt hɪts ðə ʃɛlvz hir ɪz ə ɪkˈsklusɪv ˈɛksərpt fər fəˈnætɪk ˈridərz frəm ðə θərd ˈʧæptər. ˌpɛrəˈnɔɪə ənd ˈænərˌki ˈɔfən ruld bɪˈhaɪnd ðə sinz, dɪˈspaɪt ðə priˈsɪʒən ənd kˈwɑləti əv wərk ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs ɪn ðə gərˈɑʒɪz. aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt məˈklɛrən ləvd ə tim əv ˈpərfəktli kloʊnd, ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk məˈkænɪks ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ðət kʊd mit ðə juˈnik ənd ˈkɑnstənt dɪˈmændz fər əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈditeɪl; ə kru ðət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn ə ˈpɑlɪʃt ˈkɔrpərət ˈmænər. wət rɑn ˈdɛnɪs hæd ˌɪnˈstɛd wɑz ə grup ðət wərkt ˌɪmˈpɛkəbli ɪn ðə tim colours*, bət wəns sɛt fri frəm ðə ˈʃækəlz əv ðə ˈreɪˌstræk, ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl, ˈlævɪʃ bɪˈheɪvjər ðət ˈfɔrmjələ wən ˌɪnˈsaɪdərz θraɪvd ɔn æt ðə taɪm. aɪ sun ˈlərnɪd ðət ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn brɔt wɪθ ɪt ən ˈɔfən ənd ˌhidəˈnɪstɪk ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl. faʊnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪn ðə bæk əv ə strɛʧ ˈlɪməˌzin ɛz drəgz wər pæst əraʊnd ˈfrili, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə timz ˈɑbviəsli hæd ə ˈtoʊtəl bæn ɔn drəg juz. ɔn wən əˈkeɪʒən ən ˈdraɪvər wɑz ˈdæŋgəld aʊt əv ðə ˈwɪndoʊ əv ə ˈmuvɪŋ kɑr fər ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ˈnɑkɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈsəmˌwən laɪn əv koʊˈkeɪn. aɪ ˈvɪzɪtɪd ˈpɑrtiz wɛr ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst noʊ əˈtɛmpt tɪ kənˈsil ðə klæs ə ˈhæpənɪŋ ɔn ðə dæns flfloor*, ənd æt ˈəðərz, ˈmɑdəlz ənd ˈprɑstəˌtuts wər səˈlɛktɪd ənd peɪd fər baɪ timz tɪ əˈdɔrn ðɛr ˈglæmərəs ˈvɛnuz. hərd əv æt list wən ˈdraɪvər hu wɑz kɔt ɪn ˈmɑnəˌkoʊ, bət wɑz lɛt ɔf bɪˈkəz ðə ˈɔfɪsər kɔt ɪm wɑz ˈleɪtər ˈvɛri wɛl after’*’ æt ðə nɛkst grænd pri ɛz ə ˈspɛʃəl gɛst, ənd ðə ˈɪnsədənt wɛnt ənˈdɑkjəmɛnɪd. bɪn ə lɔŋ lɪst əv ənd dɪˈlɪbərətli mɪsˈlidɪŋ ˈstɔriz ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz. ʃʊr ˈivɪn wərs ɪf ju goʊ bæk əˈnəðər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ðə spɔrt, bət wɑz ə waɪld ənd fən pleɪs tɪ bi ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ taɪm. ˈləkəli, aɪ ˈmænɪʤd tɪ steɪ aʊt əv ˈsɪriəs ˈtrəbəl, bət wɑz ˈnɛvər fɑr əˈweɪ frəm ə bɪt əv fən ənd ə ʤoʊk. aɪ koʊˈvərtli əˈpɪrd ɪn ðə bæk əv ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvəri səˈlɛbrəˌtɔri fərˈɑri tim ˈfoʊˌtoʊ θruaʊt 2006 baɪ ˈrənɪŋ ˈoʊvər æt ðə læst ˈmoʊmənt ɛz ðə tim wər əˈsɛmbəlɪŋ ɪn ðə ənd ˈʤəmpɪŋ əp ɪn maɪ məˈklɛrən kɪt. aɪ ˈivɪn ˈɛndɪd əp ɔn ðə bæk ˈkəvər əv ˈmaɪkəl baɪˈɑgrəfi, ˈbɛrid ɪn əˈməŋst ðə rɛd tim ʃərts ɪn wən ˈpɪkʧər. aɪ ˈʤoʊkɪŋli θru ə bəˈkɑrdi ənd koʊk ˈɪntu ðə feɪs əv ə ˈvɛri drəŋk æt ə mərˈseɪdiz ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən ɪn ˈʤərməni, ənd wəns riˈwaɪərd ðə hɔrn ˈɪntu ðə breɪk ˈpɛdəl əv ɑr tɛst ˈdraɪvər ˈdɑrən roʊd kɑr waɪl hi wɑz aʊt ɔn træk. bɪn θroʊn aʊt əv bɑrz ənd ˈnaɪtˌkləbz ənd hæd tɪ sɛnd ˈlɛtərz əv əˈpɑləˌʤi, təˈgɛðər wɪθ saɪnd tim kæps ənd ˈmərʧənˌdaɪz, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ bi əˈlaʊd tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ˈsərtən hoʊˈtɛlz ˈæftər mɔr dɪˈstrəktɪv ˈɪnsədənts. wi ʤɪst hɛlp ɑrˈsɛlvz, bət ˈoʊvər taɪm, ˈmænɪʤd tɪ kənˈvɪns ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪt wɑz ɑr weɪ əv ˈlɛtɪŋ ɑr hɛr daʊn ənd ðə haɪ ˈprɛʃər, ˈpənɪʃɪŋ aʊərz ənd ˈskɛʤʊlz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðət ˈɪrə əv ˈfɔrmjələ wən. waɪlst nɑt ən ɪkˈskjuz, ɪt maɪt æt list sərv ɛz ən ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər səm əv ɑr mɔr kˈwɛsʧənəbəl bɪˈheɪvjər. goʊ fər ʤɪst pər mənθ faɪnd aʊt mɔr ənd saɪn əp ɛz ə jəŋ mæn ɪn aɪ ˈpɑrtid hɑrd. ɔn mɔr ðən wən əˈkeɪʒən aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər maɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈweɪˌkəp əˈlɑrm goʊɪŋ ɔf waɪl aɪ wɑz stɪl ˈlipɪŋ əraʊnd ə ˈsəmˌwɛr. wi bɪˈkeɪm skɪld æt sˈnikɪŋ bæk ˈɪntu hoʊˈtɛlz ˌəndɪˈtɛktɪd, ˈjuʒəwəli θru saɪd dɔrz, waɪl ɑr ˈɛldər, mɔr riˈspɑnsəbəl ˈtimˌmeɪts hæd ˈbrɛkfəst ə fju ˈmitərz əˈweɪ. ˈæftər ə ʃaʊər ənd ʧeɪnʤ, wi wər bæk ˈdaʊnˈstɛrz ənd ˈrɛdi tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ wərk əˈgɛn. ˈtaɪərdnɪs ənd ˈhæˌŋoʊvərz wər ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ ˈmænɪʤd tɪ dil wɪθ ɪn maɪ ˈjəŋgər deɪz (aɪ gɛs wi ɔl du) ənd ɪt ənˈkɑmən tɪ rɪˈpit ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs naɪt ˈæftər naɪt, ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ ˈivɪn drim əv duɪŋ təˈdeɪ. dɪˈspaɪt pleɪɪŋ ɛz hɑrd ɛz wi dɪd, ðoʊ, wi ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈmænɪʤd tɪ faɪnd ə weɪ tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ʤɑb wɪn ɪt ˈmætərd. ˈfraɪˌdeɪ wɑz ˈnɔrməli ə trəˈdɪʃənəl naɪt ɔf frəm ðə buz, ˈmoʊstli bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz ɑr ˈlɔŋgɪst deɪ æt ðə træk. ˈhævɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪd əraʊnd 7am*, ɪf wi wər ˈfɪnɪʃt ɪn ðə gərˈɑʒɪz baɪ 11 tɪ 11:30pm*, ɪt wɑz dimd ə ˈprɪti gʊd deɪ ənd ˌgɛrənˈti æt list ˈsɛvən aʊərz əv slip ənd rɪˈkəvəri taɪm ˈæftər ðə ˈpriviəs fju ˈivnɪŋz əv ˈpɑrtiɪŋ. ðət sɛd, aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli hɔˈrɪfɪk əˈkeɪʒən ɪn brəˈzɪl, ˈæftər tu naɪts aʊt, wɪn æt əraʊnd ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ ɔl wi hæd lɛft tɪ du wɑz pʊʃ ɑr kɑr əˈlɔŋ ðə tɪ ðə gərɑʒ ənd ʧɛk ɪts weɪts ənd ˈmɛʒərmənts fər liˈgæləti ə mɪr fɔrˈmæləti. ˌɪˈmæʤən maɪ ˈhɔrər wɪn wi wild ðə kɑr ˈɔntu ðə əˈfɪʃəl priˈsɪʒən flæt pleɪt, ˈoʊnli tɪ dɪˈskəvər ðə ˈmɛʒərmənts ɔl ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ səm ˈsɪriəs ˈʧæsi ˈdæmɪʤ. ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt kræk wɑz ðɛn ənˈkəvərd bɪˈniθ ðə sit ˈɛriə. aɪ bɪˈliv ɪt. aɪ wɑz ɪgˈzɔstɪd, ˈbroʊkən ənd ɔˈrɛdi ˈdɛspərɪt fər slip. bæk tɪ ðə gərɑʒ wi wɛnt ənd ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ ˈʧæsi ʧeɪnʤ mɛnt aɪ ˈfaɪnəli roʊld ˈɪntu bɛd əraʊnd ˌɔlˈðoʊ aɪ ləvd ˈfaɪnəli biɪŋ pɑrt əv ðə kru, bɪˈkəm ˈdɛspərɪt tɪ muv ˈɪntu ə mɔr ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt, ˈæktɪv roʊl ðən maɪ ɔˈkeɪʒənəl noʊz koʊn ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. annoyingly*, ðoʊ, wɪˈθaʊt ˈsəmˌwən ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈlivɪŋ ðə tim, ki spɑts ɔn ðə kru ˈoʊpən əp ˈvɛri ˈɔfən. stɪl, aɪ gɑt vərˈaɪəti, ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ə ˈnəmbər əv frɪnʤ pəˈzɪʃənz, ˈstɑrtɪŋ wɪθ ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈoʊpən ðə sprəŋ handle’*’ ɔn ðə rɪg, wɪʧ wɑz ə ˈseɪfti dɪˈvaɪs tɪ ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ʃət ɔf fjuəl ɪn ðə keɪs əv ən ˈæksədənt; aɪ hɛld ðə board’*’, ə lɔŋ dɪˈvaɪs, laɪk ə prəˈtɛktɪv skrin ɔn ə stɪk, wɪʧ prɪˈvɛnɪd ðə fjuəl ˈnɑzəl frəm spreɪɪŋ pəˈtɛnʃəli ɪkˈsploʊsɪv ˈɔntu ðə hɑt ɪgˈzɔsts ənd breɪks æt ðə rɪr; aɪ ˈstɛdid ðə kɑr; aɪ klind ðə ˈreɪdiˌeɪtər dəkts; aɪ əˈʤəstɪd ðə frənt wɪŋ; aɪ tɑpt əp ðə nuˈmætɪk ˈsɪstəm. aɪ dɪd ɔl sɔrts əv θɪŋz wɪn ˈnidɪd æt taɪmz ˈoʊvər maɪ fərst jɪr, bət aɪ wɑz ˈædəmənt aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈɪntu ə mɔr ˈrɛgjələr, mɔr ˈsinjər pəˈzɪʃən ɛz kˈwɪkli ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə 2002 ˈsizən ˈsəmˌbɑdi lɛft ðə reɪs tim ənd aɪ wɑz muvd ˈɔntu ðə raɪt rɪr ˈkɔrnər kru, ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ɛz man’*’, ənd aɪ ləvd ɪt. aɪ wɑz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl frəm ðɛn ɔn, ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔf ðə raɪt rɪr wil ənd ˈdəmpɪŋ ɪt ɔn ðə graʊnd bɪˈhaɪnd mi, ðɛn kˈwɪkli ˈtərnɪŋ raʊnd tɪ pʊl ɔn ðə riˈlis ˈhændəl əv ðə ˈnɑzəl, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈsɪst ðə fjuəl mæn. ɪt fɛlt laɪk ən ˈædɪd riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti, wɪʧ fɛd maɪ ˌnɑrsɪˈsɪstɪk ˈtɛndənsiz fər ə waɪl ˈlɔŋgər. aɪ wɑz ɪn maɪ ˈɛləmənt. wɑz ə ˈmeɪʤər pɑrt əv æt ðət taɪm ənd ɪt wɑz ˈʤɛnərəli ðə prəˈsiʤər ðət dɪˈtərmənd ðə ˈtoʊtəl lɛŋθ əv moʊst stɑps. wəns ɔl fɔr wilz wər ʧeɪnʤd, ˈɛvriˌwən wʊd weɪt fər ðə fjuəl ˈnɑzəl tɪ ˈdɪˌtæʧ, ˌbiˈfɔr riˈlisɪŋ ðə kɑr bæk ˈɪntu ðə reɪs. ɛz səʧ, ɪt wɑz ə ʤɑb wi wərkt ɔn ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ wɛˈrɛvər wi kʊd, ənd wən əv maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈtɛknɪkəl trɪks wɑz ɪn ðɪs ˈɛriə. wəns ðə ˈnɑzəl wɑz əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə kɑr, fjuəl wʊd θru ðə ʤaɪənt, ˈɛrˌkræft ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən hoʊz æt 12 pər ˈsɛkənd. wɪn ðə ˈsɪstəm hæd dɪˈlɪvərd ðə rikˈwaɪərd əˈmaʊnt əv fjuəl, ə vælv ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈnɑzəl wʊd kloʊz, ənd wəns kəmˈplitli sild, ðə laɪts ɔn ðə dɪˈspleɪ wʊd ʧeɪnʤ frəm rɛd tɪ grin. ðət wɑz ɑr kju tɪ pʊl bæk ɔn ðə ˈseɪfti ənd riˈlis ˈhændəlz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈnɑzəl. ˈɛvəri tim hæd ðə seɪm ˈstændərd ɪkˈwɪpmənt ənd ɪt wɑz ˈstrɪktli ˈfɔrbɪdən tɪ ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ər əˈdæpt ɪt ɪn ˈɛni weɪ. səm jɪrz ˈərliər, ðə ˈbɛnətən tim hæd riˈmuvd ə fjuəl ˈfɪltər ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈnɑzəl tɪ spid əp ðə əv fjuəl ˈɪntu ðə kɑr. ðə ˈθɪri maɪt hæv bɪn kərˈɛkt, bət ðə moʊst ˈɪnfəməs faɪər ɪn ˈmɑdərn ˈhɪstəri, ɔn ʤoʊz ˈbɛnətən kɑr ɪn ðə ɪn ˈʤərməni ɪn 1994 mɛnt ðeɪ wər ˈrəmbəld. ˈivɪn ˈtaɪtər riˈstrɪkʃənz ənd ʧɛks ɔn ðə ɪkˈwɪpmənt wər ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd. ðɛr wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ wi kʊd du tɪ ɛnˈhæns ðə rɪg, wi ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə ˈjumən ˈfæktər ˌɪnˈstɛd. ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ə ˈmoʊmənt əv dɪˈleɪ bɪtˈwin ðə rikˈwaɪərd əˈmaʊnt əv fjuəl goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə kɑr ənd ðə vælv ˈfʊli ˈkloʊzɪŋ. ðət dɪˈleɪ wɑz ðɛn ˌɪnˈkrist baɪ ðə riˈækʃən taɪm ɪn riˈmuvɪŋ ðə ˈnɑzəl frəm ðə kɑr wəns ðə grin laɪt hæd əp. ɑr səˈluʃən wɑz ˌɪnˈʤinjəs: wi rɪgd ðə fjuəl mæn wɪθ ə ˈstɛθəˌskoʊp, wɪʧ ˈtrævərst əp hɪz sliv ənd ˈɪntu ə dɪˈskrit ˈɪrpis. ðə ˈəðər ɛnd (ðə bɪt ðə ˈdɔktər ˈnɔrməli ˈprɛsɪz tɪ jʊr ʧɛst) wɑz pʊʃt ˈɔntu ðə fjuəl ˈnɑzəl fər iʧ stɑp. ðə ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈmoʊtər ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈɪntu ˈækʃən wɪn ɪt wɑz taɪm tɪ kloʊz ðə vælv, ənd baɪ ˈlɪsənɪŋ ɪn, ðə fjuəl mæn wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ riækt mɔr kˈwɪkli. hi kʊd stɑrt ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈpʊlɪŋ bæk ɔn ðə riˈlis ˈhændəlz ənd baɪ ðə taɪm ðə vælv wɑz kəmˈplitli kloʊzd ənd ðə grin laɪt ˌɪˈluməˌneɪtəd, ðə ˈnɑzəl wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst dɪˈtæʧt. ɪt maɪt hæv ˈoʊnli seɪvd ˈjuˈɛs ə ˈsɛkənd ər lɛs wɪθ iʧ stɑp, bət ðoʊz ˈmɑrʤənz wər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ˈjuˈɛs ˈgɪtɪŋ aʊt əˈhɛd əv, ər bɪˈhaɪnd, ɑr meɪn ˈraɪvəlz. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtɛknɪkəli ˈligəl, sɪns wi ðə ˈstændərd fjuəl rɪg ɪn ˈɛni weɪ, ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi nu ðə wʊd hæv ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli fraʊnd əˈpɑn ɪt, hæd ðeɪ faʊnd aʊt. wi wɛnt tɪ greɪt lɛŋθs tɪ kip ðə hoʊl θɪŋ tɔp ˈsikrɪt. aɪ ləvd ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl ɑrmz reɪs ɪn ˈfɔrmjələ wən, ənd hæd ˈdɛfənətli bɪˈkəm pɑrt əv ðət geɪm ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz. ðɛr wɑz praɪd æt steɪk, ɛz məʧ ɛz ɪt əˈfɛktɪd ðə reɪs rɪˈzəlt, ənd ˈpipəl lʊkt fər ˈɛni ənd ˈɛvəri ædˈvæntɪʤ. ðeɪ wər ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈmɪljənz əv paʊnz ɔn tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ʃeɪv tɛnθs əv ˈsɛkəndz ɔf ə læp taɪm wɪn ðə seɪm, ənd məʧ mɔr, kʊd ˈɔfən bi əˈʧivd frəm wɪˈθɪn ðə. məˈklɛrən ɪkˈsplɔrd nu weɪz tɪ ˈkəvər ˈɛvəri ˈpɑsəbəl əˌvɛnʧuˈælɪti ənd sɪˈnɛrioʊ, ənd wɛˈnɛvər wi faʊnd ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ædˈvæntɪʤ, ɪt hæd tɪ bi ʃˈraʊdɪd ɪn ˈsikrəsi ənd kɛpt əˈweɪ frəm ðə praɪɪŋ aɪz əv ˈəðər timz fər ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. mɪˈkænɪk: ðə ˈsikrɪt wərld əv ðə pɪt lane”*” ɪz ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ˈpɛŋgwən ˈrændəm haʊs ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər. ˈhɪstəri

“the mechanic” reveals what really happens in the heat of a formula one garage from mclaren’s former number one mechanic marc priestley. the book will be published on november 2nd but before it hits the shelves here is a exclusive excerpt for f1 fanatic readers from the third chapter. paranoia and playboys anarchy often ruled behind the scenes, despite the precision and quality of work taking place in the garages. i suspect mclaren would’ve loved a team of perfectly cloned, robotic mechanics and engineers that could meet the company’s unique and constant demands for attention to detail; a crew that represented the company in a polished corporate manner. what ron dennis had instead was a group that worked impeccably in the team colours, but once set free from the shackles of the racetrack, enjoyed the liberal, lavish behaviour that formula one insiders thrived on at the time. i soon learned that working in f1 brought with it an often debauched and hedonistic lifestyle. i’ve found myself in the back of a stretch limousine as drugs were passed around freely, even though the teams obviously had a total ban on drug use. on one occasion an f1 driver was dangled out of the window of a moving car for accidentally knocking over someone else’s line of cocaine. i visited parties where there was almost no attempt to conceal the class a drug-taking happening on the dance floor, and at others, high-class models and prostitutes were selected and paid for by teams to adorn their glamorous venues. i’ve heard of at least one f1 driver who was caught drink-driving in monaco, but was let off because the officer who’d caught him was later very well ‘looked after’ at the next grand prix as a special guest, and the incident went undocumented. there’ve been a long list of cover-ups and deliberately misleading stories over the years. i’m sure it’s even worse if you go back another generation of the sport, but f1 was a wild and fun place to be during my time. luckily, i managed to stay out of serious trouble, but was never far away from a bit of fun and a joke. i covertly appeared in the back of almost every celebratory ferrari team photo throughout 2006, by running over at the last moment as the team were assembling in the pitlane and jumping up in my mclaren kit. i even ended up on the back cover of michael schumacher’s biography, buried in amongst the red team shirts in one picture. i jokingly threw a bacardi and coke into the face of a very drunk schuey at a mercedes celebration in germany, and once rewired the horn into the brake pedal of our test driver darren turner’s road car while he was out on track. we’ve been thrown out of bars and nightclubs and had to send letters of apology, together with signed team caps and merchandise, in order to be allowed to remain in certain hotels after more destructive incidents. we just couldn’t help ourselves, but over time, i’ve managed to convince myself it was our way of letting our hair down and off-setting the high pressure, punishing hours and gruelling schedules during that era of formula one. whilst it’s not an excuse, it might at least serve as an explanation for some of our more questionable behaviour. go ad-free for just £1 per month >> find out more and sign up as a young man in f1, i partied hard. on more than one occasion i remember my phone’s morning wake-up alarm going off while i was still leaping around a dancefloor somewhere. we became skilled at sneaking back into hotels undetected, usually through side doors, while our elder, more responsible teammates unsuspectingly had breakfast a few metres away. after a super-quick shower and change, we were back downstairs and ready to return to work again. tiredness and hangovers were something i managed to deal with in my younger days (i guess we all do) and it wasn’t uncommon to repeat the process night after night, something i couldn’t even dream of doing today. despite playing as hard as we did, though, we always managed to find a way to focus on the job when it mattered. friday was normally a traditional night off from the booze, mostly because it was our longest day at the track. having started around 7am, if we were finished in the garages by 11 to 11:30pm, it was deemed a pretty good day and it’d guarantee at least seven hours of much-needed sleep and recovery time after the previous few evenings of partying. that said, i remember a particularly horrific occasion in brazil, after two near-sleepless nights out, when at around 11pm on friday evening all we had left to do was push our car along the pitlane to the fia garage and check its weights and measurements for legality – a mere formality. imagine my horror when we wheeled the car onto the official precision flat plate, only to discover the measurements all pointed to some serious chassis damage. a significant crack was then uncovered beneath the driver’s seat area. i couldn’t believe it. i was exhausted, broken and already desperate for sleep. back to the garage we went and the resulting chassis change meant i finally rolled into bed around 4am although i loved finally being part of the pitstop crew, i’d become desperate to move into a more permanent, active role than my occasional nose cone changes. annoyingly, though, without someone actually leaving the team, key spots on the pitstop crew didn’t open up very often. still, i got variety, working in a number of fringe positions, starting with holding open the sprung ‘dead man’s handle’ on the refuelling rig, which was a safety device to automatically shut off fuel flow in the case of an accident; i held the ‘splash board’, a long lollipop-type device, like a protective screen on a stick, which prevented the fuel nozzle from spraying potentially explosive fluid onto the hot exhausts and brakes at the rear; i steadied the car; i cleaned the radiator ducts; i adjusted the front wing; i topped up the engine’s pneumatic system. i did all sorts of things when needed at different times over my first year, but i was adamant i wanted to get myself into a more regular, more senior position as quickly as possible. eventually, at the end of the 2002 season somebody left the race team and i was moved onto the right rear corner crew, initially as ‘wheel-off man’, and i loved it. i was involved in every single pitstop from then on, taking off the right rear wheel and dumping it on the ground behind me, then quickly turning round to pull on the release handle of the refuelling nozzle, in order to assist the fuel man. it felt like an added responsibility, which fed my narcissistic tendencies for a while longer. i was in my element. refuelling was a major part of pitstops at that time and it was generally the procedure that determined the total length of most stops. once all four wheels were changed, everyone would wait for the fuel nozzle to detach, before releasing the car back into the race. as such, it was a job we worked on improving wherever we could, and one of my favourite technical pitstop tricks was in this area. once the nozzle was attached to the car, fuel would flow through the giant, aircraft specification hose at 12 litres per second. when the system had delivered the required amount of fuel, a motorised butterfly valve inside the nozzle would close, and once completely sealed, the lights on the display would change from red to green. that was our cue to pull back on the safety and release handles before detaching the nozzle. every team had the same standard equipment and it was strictly forbidden to modify or adapt it in any way. some years earlier, the benetton team had removed a fuel filter inside the nozzle to speed up the flow of fuel into the car. the theory might have been correct, but the most infamous pitstop fire in modern history, on jos verstappen’s benetton car in the hockenheim pitlane in germany in 1994, meant they were rumbled. even tighter restrictions and checks on the equipment were immediately implemented. realising there was nothing we could do to enhance the rig, we focused on the human factor instead. there was always a moment of delay between the required amount of fuel going into the car and the motorised shut-off valve fully closing. that delay was then increased by the mechanic’s reaction time in removing the nozzle from the car once the green light had flashed up. our solution was ingenious: we rigged the fuel man with a stethoscope, which traversed up his sleeve and into a discrete earpiece. the other end (the bit the doctor normally presses to your chest) was pushed onto the fuel nozzle for each stop. the electric motor inside whirred into action when it was time to close the butterfly valve, and by listening in, the fuel man was able to react more quickly. he could start the process of pulling back on the release handles and by the time the valve was completely closed and the green light illuminated, the nozzle was almost detached. it might have only saved us a second or less with each stop, but those margins were sometimes the difference between us getting out ahead of, or behind, our main rivals. it was also technically legal, since we hadn’t modifed the standard fuel rig in any way, although we knew the fia would have almost certainly frowned upon it, had they found out. we went to great lengths to keep the whole thing top secret. i loved the technical arms race in formula one, and pitstops had definitely become part of that game over the years. there was pride at stake, as much as it affected the race result, and people looked for any and every advantage. they were spending millions of pounds on technology in order to shave tenths of seconds off a lap time when the same, and much more, could often be achieved from within the pitlane. mclaren explored new ways to cover every possible eventuality and scenario, and whenever we found a potential advantage, it had to be shrouded in secrecy and kept away from the prying eyes of other teams for as long as possible. “the mechanic: the secret world of the f1 pit lane” is published by penguin random house uk on november 2nd. f1 history

læst ɑkˈtoʊbər, ɔn hɪz ˈbərθˌdeɪ, ʧək ˈbɛri əˈnaʊnst ʧək, hɪz fərst ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈælbəm ɪn 38 jɪrz. wərkt ɔn ðɪs ˈrɛkərd fər ə lɔŋ time,”*,” hi sɛd. aɪ kən hæŋ əp maɪ shoes!”*!” ɪn ðə weɪk əv dɛθ ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, hɪz ˈfæməli həz əˈnaʊnst ðət ðə ˈælbəm ɪz stɪl ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt. ɑr hɑrts ər ˈvɛri ˈhɛvi æt ðɪs time,”*,” ridz ðɛr ˈsteɪtmənt, ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, noʊ ðət ʧək hæd noʊ ˈgreɪtər wɪʃ ðən tɪ si ðɪs ˈælbəm riˈlist tɪ ðə wərld, ənd wi noʊ əv noʊ ˈbɛtər weɪ tɪ ˈsɛləˌbreɪt ənd rɪˈmɛmbər hɪz 90 jɪrz əv laɪf ðən θru hɪz music.”*.” ˈfərðər ˈditeɪlz wɪl bi rɪˈvild ðɪs wik, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ nu mˈjuzɪk. rɛd ðə poʊst bɪˈloʊ, ənd hɛd hir tɪ si ˈɑrtɪst ˈtrɪbjuts tɪ ˈbɛri.

last october, on his 90th birthday, chuck berry announced chuck, his first studio album in 38 years. “i’ve worked on this record for a long time,” he said. “now i can hang up my shoes!” in the wake of berry’s death on saturday, his family has announced that the album is still coming out. “while our hearts are very heavy at this time,” reads their statement, on berry’s facebook, “we know that chuck had no greater wish than to see this album released to the world, and we know of no better way to celebrate and remember his 90 years of life than through his music.” further details will be revealed this week, along with new music. read the post below, and head here to see artist tributes to berry.

ces* 2017 ənˈveɪlz nu græm ˈlæpˌtɑps paʊərd baɪ ˈwɪndoʊz 10 baɪ ˈmɑli editor-in-chief*, ˈwɪndoʊz blɔg ʃɛr ʃɛr skaɪp æt 2017 ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks əˈnaʊnst ɪts 2017 ˈlaɪˌnəp əv græm ˈlæpˌtɑps bɪlt fər ˈwɪndoʊz 10 wɪθ nɪr təʧ skrinz tɪ ənˈlɑk ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz laɪk ˈwɪndoʊz ɪŋk ənd bɪlt ɪn ˈfɪŋgər prɪnt ˈridərz tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ˈwɪndoʊz hɛˈloʊ, ðiz nu ˈlæpˌtɑps ər bɪlt tɪ dɪˈlɪvər suˈpɪriər ˌpɔrtəˈbɪlɪti ɪn dɪˈzaɪnz. ðə nuəst græm ˈlæpˌtɑps kəm ɪn θri ˈdɪfərənt skrin ˈsaɪzɪz ðə ənd ˈmɑdəlz weɪ ɪn æt ə ˈmɪnɪskjul 940 græmz ənd 970 græmz, rɪˈspɛktɪvli əraʊnd paʊnz iʧ), waɪl ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈmɑdəl ˈoʊnli weɪz græmz (ˈoʊnli paʊnz) dɪˈspaɪt ɪts ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv skrin. ðə græm skrin ɪz freɪmd baɪ ˈsupər slɪm tɪ kriˈeɪt ə səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd, greɪt fər ˈjuzɪŋ ˈwɪndoʊz ɪŋk tɪ meɪk noʊts ənd ˈænəˌteɪt dɪˈrɛkli ɔn ɪn ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ɛʤ. wɪθ ə ˈbɪlˌtɪn ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪnt ˈridər ðət ˈwɪndoʊz hɛˈloʊ, ju kən lɔg ɪn ˈizəli ənd mɔr sɪˈkjʊrli wɪθ ə skæn əv jʊr ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪnt ɪn pleɪs əv ˈmɛmərˌaɪzɪŋ ˈpæsˌwərdz. ðə 2017 græm ˈmɑdəlz ˈfiʧər ə ˈbætəri ðə haɪəst kəˈpæsɪti ɪn ðə ˈɪndəstri fər ə lɔŋ ˈbætəri laɪf bɪtˈwin ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ən aɪˈdil kəmˈpænjən fər ˈbɪzi ˈpipəl ɔn ðə goʊ. ðə græm ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn θri ˈprimiəm məˈtælɪk ˈkələrz, dɑrk ˈsɪlvər, ˈʃaɪni waɪt ənd ˈmɛtəl roʊz. dɪˈzaɪnd wɪθ mɔr ðən ʤɪst ˌpɔrtəˈbɪlɪti ɪn maɪnd, ðə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˌɪnˈtɛl kɔr ˈprɑˌsɛsərz ˈmæksəˌmaɪz ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti. ɪkˈwɪpt wɪθ ˌsteɪtəvðɪˈɑrt cpus*, ðə græm kən ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli rən ˈməltəpəl ˈproʊˌgræmz wɪˈθaʊt ə hɪʧ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə ˈleɪtəst græm ˈmɑdəlz boʊst ˈplɛnti əv speɪs tɪ seɪv ə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri əv ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌməltiˈmidiə faɪlz, wɪθ əp tɪ ənd mæks duəl ˈʧænəl ˈmɛməri. ðə græm kəmz wɪθ ə ˈθəndərˌbɔlt pɔrt, ɛz wɛl ɛz əˈdɪʃənəl pɔrts wɪʧ əˈlaʊ ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəs ˈvɪdioʊ ˈsɪgnəl, ˈdætə ˈtrænsfər, ənd ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ˈviə ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈkeɪbəl. ðə ˈvərsətəl græm həz ˈfiʧərz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ɛnˈhæns æt ɔl aʊərz əv ðə deɪ, səʧ ɛz ɪts ˈkiˌbɔrd fər ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪn ˈɛkstrə aʊərz əv wərk æt naɪt. ɔn ðə ənd græm ˈlæpˌtɑps, ju kən juz ˈdeɪˌlaɪt moʊd, wɪʧ ɛnˈhænsɪz skrin ˈbraɪtnəs soʊ ðət ɪt ɪz ˈivɪn ˈəndər braɪt ˈsənˌlaɪt. ˈpraɪsɪŋ ənd əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti wɪl bi əˈnaʊnst æt ə ˈleɪtər deɪt. ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ tɪ si ˈpɑrtnərz laɪk əˈfɪʃəli ənˈveɪl ənd ˈpəblɪkli ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðiz nu ˈwɪndoʊz 10 ˈlæpˌtɑps ðət ˈɔfər haɪ pərˈfɔrməns ɪn ə slik nu ˈpɔrtəbəl dɪˈzaɪn. tɪ lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt nuz frəm hɛd ˈoʊvər tɪ 2017 ˈnuzˌrum. ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˈʤænjuˌɛri 5 2017 piɛm

ces 2017: lg unveils new gram laptops powered by windows 10 by mollie ruiz-hopper / editor-in-chief, windows blog share share skype at ces 2017, lg electronics announced its 2017 lineup of lg gram laptops built for windows 10. with near edgeless touch screens to unlock experiences like windows ink and built in finger print readers to take advantage of windows hello, these new laptops are built to deliver superior portability in ultra-lightweight designs. the newest lg gram laptops come in three different screen sizes the 13.3” and 14.0” models weigh in at a miniscule 940 grams and 970 grams, respectively (that’s around 2.1 pounds each), while the largest model only weighs 1,090 grams (only 2.4 pounds) despite its impressive 15.6” screen. the lg gram screen is framed by super slim bezels to create a sophisticated, near-edgeless touchscreen that’s great for using windows ink to make notes and annotate directly on webpages in microsoft edge. with a built-in fingerprint reader that unlocks windows hello, you can log in easily and more securely with a scan of your fingerprint in place of memorizing passwords. the 2017 lg gram models feature a 60w battery the highest capacity in the industry to-date for a long battery life between charges making it an ideal companion for busy people on the go. the lg gram is available in three premium metallic colors, dark silver, shiny white and metal rose. designed with more than just portability in mind, the lg gram’s 7th generation intel core i7 processors maximize productivity. equipped with state-of-the-art cpus, the lg gram can simultaneously run multiple memory-intensive programs without a hitch. in addition, the latest lg gram models boast plenty of space to save a library of important multimedia files, with up to 512gb ssd and max 16gb ddr4 dual channel memory. the 15.6” lg gram comes with a thunderbolt port, as well as additional usb type-c ports which allow simultaneous video signal, data transfer, and charging via a single cable. the versatile lg gram has features designed to enhance usability at all hours of the day, such as its backlit keyboard for putting in extra hours of work at night. on the 13.3” and 14.0” lg gram laptops, you can use daylight mode, which enhances screen brightness so that it is viewable even under bright sunlight. pricing and availability will be announced at a later date. it’s exciting to see partners like lg officially unveil and publicly demonstrate these new windows 10 laptops that offer high performance in a sleek new portable design. to learn more about lg’s news from head over to lg’s ces 2017 newsroom. updated january 5, 2017 1:11 pm

ˈbraɪtən əp jʊr ˈsəmər wɪθ əp tɪ 60 ɔf ə juʤ reɪnʤ əv geɪmz ənd add-ons*. ðət taɪm əv jɪr həz əraɪvd wəns more…*… ðə ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən stɔr ˈsəmər seɪl həz ˈbeɪgən! ɑr ˈsəmər seɪl siz ə juʤ səˈlɛkʃən əv əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈtaɪtəlz əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ˈɔfər əˈkrɔs ənd ˈvaɪtə. ju kən seɪv əp tɪ 60 ɔn səˈlɛktɪd ˈtaɪtəlz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fɔr wiks əv ðə seɪl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər səm geɪmz wɪl ˈoʊnli bi əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ðə seɪl fər ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd taɪm ˈoʊnli, soʊ mɪs aʊt. wɪθ tɔp ˈtaɪtəlz səʧ ɛz 16 ðə ˈwɪʧər 3 waɪld hənt, ʤɪst kɔz 3 fɑr kraɪ ˈpraɪməl, ðə ˈhɛvi rain™*™ bɪɔnd: tu souls™*™ kəˈlɛkʃən ənd ˈmɛni ˈmɛni mɔr, ʃʊr tɪ faɪnd ˈsəmθɪŋ ləv ðɪs ˈsəmər. ˈplɛnti tɪ dɪˈskəvər, soʊ hɛd tɪ ðə ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən stɔr ˈsəmər seɪl peɪʤ fər ɔl jʊr ˈriʤənəl ˈpraɪsɪŋ, ənd teɪk ə lʊk bɪˈloʊ fər ə kəmˈplit lɪst əv ɔn ˈɔfər. ˈsəmər ʤɪst gɑt ə ˈlɪtəl ˈbraɪtər wɪθ ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən stɔr! əˈveɪləbəl ˈoʊnli əˈveɪləbəl ˈoʊnli əˈveɪləbəl θruaʊt *səm ˈtaɪtəlz wɪˈθɪn ðə pərˈmoʊʃən meɪ nɑt bi əˈveɪləbəl ɪn jʊr ˈriʤən

brighten up your summer with up to 60% off a huge range of games and add-ons. that time of year has arrived once more… the playstation store summer sale has begun! our four-week summer sale sees a huge selection of amazing titles available on offer across ps4, ps3 and ps vita. you can save up to 60% on selected titles during the four weeks of the sale, however some games will only be available in the sale for a limited time only, so don’t miss out. with top titles such as fifa 16, the witcher 3: wild hunt, just cause 3, far cry primal, the heavy rain™ & beyond: two souls™ collection and many many more, you’re sure to find something you’ll love this summer. there’s plenty to discover, so head to the playstation store summer sale page for all your regional pricing, and take a look below for a complete list of what’s on offer. summer just got a little brighter with playstation store! available only 27/07/2016 10/08/2016 available only 27/07/2016 17/08/2016 available throughout 27/07/2016 24/08/2016 *some titles within the promotion may not be available in your region

senator-elect* pɔˈlin ˈhænsən meɪks ən ɑˈdeɪʃəs kleɪm ðət wi ər ɪn ðə mɪst əv ə ˈtɛrərɪst θrɛt ˈmænəˌfɛstɪŋ ɪn ðə taɪp əv ˈplɪtɪkli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ˈvaɪələns ɔˈstreɪljə həz nɑt ˈpriviəsli ɪkˈspɪriənst. ʃi ɪz ˈpɔɪntɪŋ ðə ˈfɪŋgər nɑt ʤɪst æt ˈrædɪkəl bət, fɑr mɔr ˈbrɔdli, æt ˈməzlɪmz hu, ʃi sɪz ɔn ðɪs ˈbeɪsɪs, ʃʊd naʊ bi bænd frəm ˈmaɪˌgreɪtɪŋ tɪ ɔˈstreɪljə. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈspikɪŋ ɔn ðə læst wik, ˈhænsən sɛd: hæv ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ɔn ðə strits ðət ˈnɛvər hæd ˌbiˈfɔr. hæd ˈmərdərz kəˈmɪtɪd ˈəndər ðə neɪm əv ˌɪsˈlɑm, ɛz wi hæv ðə kəˈfeɪ, ˈkərtɪs ʧɛŋ ənd ðə tu pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz ɪn ˈmɛlbərn, raɪt? soʊ ðɪs həz ˈhæpənd. ju hæv radicalisation.”*.” ˈkərtɪs sən æsks pɔˈlin ˈhænsən nɑt tɪ juz dɛθ tɪ əˈtæk ˌɪsˈlɑm rɛd mɔr ˈtoʊni ʤoʊnz, ðə hoʊst, sɛd ɪn rɪˈplaɪ: ju seɪ ˈnɛvər hæd ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri ˌbiˈfɔr, ˈsɪmpli nɑt ðə keɪs ɪn ðə ðɛr wər ˈməltəpəl ˈbɑmɪŋz baɪ kroʊˈeɪʃən ˈkæθlɪk ɪkˈstriməsts. ðɪs həz ˈhæpənd ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə ˌbiˈfɔr. nɑt ðə fərst taɪm. wi ʃʊd æt list gɪt ðət straight.”*.” waɪl ʤoʊnz ɪz kərˈɛkt ðət ɔˈstreɪljə wɑz ðə steɪʤ fər ækts əv ˈvaɪələns baɪ əˈpɛrənt kroʊˈeɪʃən ɪkˈstriməsts (səm əv hum wər ˈkæθlɪks), ðɛr naʊ simz tɪ bi ˈlɪtəl daʊt ðət səm ˈtɛrərɪst ækˈtɪvɪti bleɪmd ɔn ðə kroʊɑts wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈɔrkɪˌstreɪtɪd baɪ ˌəndərˈkəvər ˈeɪʤənts. ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər ðə θərd ˈvɑljum əv ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈhɪstəri əv wɪl bi ˈpəblɪʃt. ˈrɪtən baɪ hɪˈstɔriən ənd ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈɑrmi ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈɔfɪsər ʤɑn, ðə bʊk wɪl ˈkəvər ðə keɪs əv wət bɪˈkeɪm noʊn ɛz ðə six”*” ə keɪs ðət nɑt ˈoʊnli riˈɪtərˌeɪs ðə ɪkˈstɛnt əv əˈpɔlɪŋ nu saʊθ weɪlz pəˈlis kərˈəpʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə, bət ən əˈpɛrənt ˈfeɪljər ɪn boʊθ ənd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ kroʊˈeɪʃə ənd ˌjugoʊsˈlɑviə, ənd wən əv ðə mɔr ˌdɪskənˈsərtɪŋ mɪˈskɛrɪʤɪz əv ˈʤəstɪsɪz ɪn leɪt ˈsɛnʧəri ɔˈstreɪljə. kroʊˈeɪʃənz wər ɛz ˈnɑtsiz ˈhæmɪʃ məkˈdɑnəld ɪn 2012 ˈhæmɪʃ bʊk, freɪmd, səkˈsɪŋktli ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ˈəndər wɪʧ ðə sɪks jəŋ ɔˈstreɪljən ˈsɪtɪzənz əv kroʊˈeɪʃən bərθ (ɔl kroʊɑt ˈnæʃənəlɪsts) keɪm tɪ bi ʧɑrʤd ənd kənˈvɪktəd əv ə kənˈspɪrəsi tɪ bɔm ðə ˌɛlɪzəˈbiθən ˈθiətər ɪn ˈnuˌtaʊn, ðə ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪ ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈsɪti ˈbɪznɪsɪz. ðə sɪks wər mæks bebic*, vɪk brajkovic*, ˈtoʊni zvirotic*, ʤoʊ, ənd maɪl nekic*. iʧ spɛnt əp tɪ ə ˈdɛkeɪd ɪn ˈprɪzən ˈæftər əˈpɛrəntli biɪŋ freɪmd baɪ ən ˈeɪʤənt əv ðə ˈjugoʊsˌlɑv ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsərvɪs, ˈwərkɪŋ ˈɑpərˈeɪʃənəli ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə. moʊst əv ðə ˈjugoʊsˌlævz hu keɪm tɪ ɔˈstreɪljə ˈæftər ðə ˈsɛkənd wərld wɔr ɛz əˈsɪstɪd ˈmaɪgrənts wər kroʊˈeɪʃən. ˌnæʃənəˈlɪstɪk ənd ˌprɪˈdɑmənənˌtli ˈkæθlɪk, ðeɪ juzd ðɛr ˈfridəm ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst vəˈsɪfərəsli ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz wɪθ ɪkˈstrim ˈvaɪələns əˈgɛnst ˈkɑmjənəst ˈjugoʊsˌlɑv ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən. kroʊˈeɪʃən ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm wɑz ˈplɪtɪkli ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə. ɛz məkˈdɑnəld pɔɪnts aʊt ɪn freɪmd: wɑz ə kənˈvinjənt ˈkəʤəl fər lɛft tɪ tərn əˈgɛnst ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈgəvərnmənt ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌæpərˈætəs. kroʊˈeɪʃənz wər ɛz ˈnɑtsiz baɪ ðə ˈwɔrˌtaɪm kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən əv ə ˈnæʃənəlɪst ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən, ðə ustache*, wɪθ ðə ˈʤərmən occupation.”*.” ˈæftər 1972 ɪˈlɛkʃən, əˈməŋ ðə fərst ˈækʃənz əv ðə nu əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl, ˈlaɪənəl ˈmərfi, wɑz tɪ reɪd ðɛn ˈmɛlbərn ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ɪn sərʧ əv faɪlz əˈbaʊt kroʊˈeɪʃən ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm hi bɪˈlivd ðə ˈeɪʤənsi wɑz wɪθˈhoʊldɪŋ frəm ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. bət ðɛr wɑz ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn kɔz fər, pəˈlis ənd ˈgəvərnmənt kənˈsərn əˈbaʊt ðə mɔr ɪkˈstrim ˈɛləmənts əv ðə kroʊˈeɪʃən ˈnæʃənəlɪst ˈmuvmənt ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə. ˈvaɪələns ənd smoʊk bɑmz æt ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈmæʧɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ timz wɪθ kroʊɑt ənd sərb ˈsɪmpəθiz wɑz ˈkɑmən. soʊ tu, wər θrɛts əˈgɛnst ˈjugoʊsˌlɑv ˈdɪpləˌmæts (ə gʊd ˈmɛni əv hum wər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈfɪʃəlz) ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, ənd ˈloʊkəl ˈbrænʧɪz əv ðə steɪt ˈbɪznɪsɪz. wɑz ˈæktɪvli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn sərˈveɪləns ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈvaɪələnt kroʊˈeɪʃən ɪkˈstrimɪst ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz ɪn ðə ənd ɛz ɪkˈspleɪnz ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈvɑljum əv ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈhɪstəri, ðə ˈproʊˌtɛst jɪrz. bət ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz tʊk ɔn ˈgreɪtər ˈərʤənsi ˈæftər ðə ˈbɑmɪŋ ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 1977 əv ðə ˈmɛlbərn ˈɔfəs əv ðə ˈjugoʊsˌlɑv steɪt ˈɛˌrlaɪn, jat*, ɔn ə ˈwiˌkɪnd əv ˈvaɪələnt ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈkɑnsələt ɪn ˈsɪdni. ðə nɛkst jɪr ə kroʊˈeɪʃən ɪkˈstrimɪst grup wɑz dɪˈskəvərd ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɔn ðə koʊst əv ɔˈstreɪljə., ˈminˌwaɪl, wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkjutli əˈwɛr ðət ˈloʊkəl ˈjugoʊsˌlɑv ˈeɪʤənts wər traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈɪnfɪlˌtreɪt ðə mɔr ɪkˈstrim kroʊɑt grups. bʊk ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ˈkrɛdəbəl səˈʤɛsʧənz ðət ˈjugoʊsˌlɑv ˈeɪʤənts hæd ˈɪnfɪlˌtreɪtɪd səm əv ðə grups, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə wən kənˈdəktɪŋ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈtreɪnɪŋ. ˌjugoʊsˈlɑviə hæd ɔˈrɛdi kəmˈpleɪnd θru ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈʧænəlz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ ɪts ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ənd ˈprɑpərti ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə frəm ɪkˈstriməsts. ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɑz ˈklɪrli vɛkst fər: ɔn wən hænd ɪt hæd tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ˈmɛʒərz əˈgɛnst ðə kroʊˈeɪʃən ɪkˈstriməsts, ɔn ðə ˈəðər, əˈgɛnst ˈjugoʊsˌlɑv spaɪz ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə. ɪt wɑz ɪn ðɪs ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, ɔn 8 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1979 ðət wɔkt ˈɪntu ˈlɪθgaʊ pəˈlis ˈsteɪʃən wɛst əv ˈsɪdni ənd ““confessed”*” tɪ hɪz səˈpoʊzd roʊl ɪn ə plænd ˈbɑmɪŋ əv ðə ˈθiətər ɪn ˈnuˌtaʊn (wɛr ə ˈjugoʊsˌlɑv pərˈdəkʃən wɑz tɪ bi steɪʤd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈpeɪtrənz), ɛz wɛl ɛz ən əˈtæk ɔn ðə ˈsɪdni ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪ ənd ˈvɛriəs ˌjugoʊsˈlɑviən ˈbɪznɪsɪz. wɑz əˈwɛr əv ˈərliər ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə ˈjugoʊsˌlɑv ˈkɑnsələt ɪn ˈsɪdni ənd ʃʊd hæv ˈdaʊtɪd hɪz ˈstɔri. hi hæd foʊnd ðə ˈkɑnsələt tɪ seɪ ðət hi wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ kənˈfɛs səm aʊərz ˌbiˈfɔr hi ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪd. ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv ˌɪnərˈsɛptɪd ðət foʊn kɔl bɪtˈwin ənd ðə ˈkɑnsələt. nu saʊθ weɪlz pəˈlis ərˈɛstɪd ðə sɪks kroʊˈeɪʃən ˈnæʃənəlɪsts ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən., hu ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd əˈgɛnst ðə sɪks, wɑz ˈsɛntənst tɪ 26 months’*’ ˈprɪzən. bət hi wɑz riˈlist ˈæftər 10 mənθs ənd əˈlaʊd tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ˌjugoʊsˈlɑviə. ðə ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə kroʊˈeɪʃən sɪks wər ˈsɛntənst tɪ 15 years’*’ ˈprɪzən iʧ. dɪˈspaɪt ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz ˈhævɪŋ bɪn faʊnd ɪn ðə hoʊmz əv ðə əˈkjuzd (ɔl ˈtreɪdzmən), ðə ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən keɪs simd flɔd frəm ˌɪnˈsɛpʃən. wən əv ðə əˈkjuzd wɑz ˈbitən ˈdʊrɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ baɪ ðə ˈɪnfəməs ˈsɪdni ˈkrɪmənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən brænʧ. ɔl əv ðə əˈkjuzd ˈleɪtər wɪθˈdru ðə ““confessions”*” ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˈgɪvɪn, faɪv ɪn ənˈsaɪnd ˈvərbəl əˈkaʊnts ““verbals”*”. ˈfɔrti pəˈlis kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ˌɪnˈsɪst ðə kənˈfɛʃənz wər ˈvɑləntɛri ənd ðət ðeɪ hæd, ˌɪnˈdid, faʊnd ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz ənd ˈdɛtəˌneɪtərz ɪn ðə hoʊmz əv əˈkjuzd. bət ɪn 1991 ðə ˈeɪˌbiˌsi ˈʤərnəlɪst krɪs ˈmæstərz faʊnd ɪn ˌjugoʊsˈlɑviə. ˌvɑlənˈtɪrd ðət hi wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ə sərb, misimovic*. hi ədˈmɪtəd ðət hi hæd wərkt ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðə ˈjugoʊsˌlɑv ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ˈɪnfɪlˌtreɪt ənd spaɪ ɔn ðə ɔˈstreɪljən kroʊˈeɪʃən kəmˈjunɪti. ʤɔrʤ ˈbrændɪs wɔrnz əˈgɛnst əˈsumɪŋ ɔl əˈtæks ər ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ˈæftər mˈjunɪk ˈʃutɪŋ rɛd mɔr ən əˈpil wɑz rɪˈʤɛktɪd. tɪ ðə ˈlɪŋgərɪŋ ˈæŋgər əv ðə kroʊˈeɪʃən kəmˈjunɪti, ðə sɪks mɛn sərvd ðɛr ˈsɛntənsɪz. ðə dɪˈfɛns wɑz dɪˈnaɪd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈdɑkjəmənts ˈseɪljənt tɪ ðə ˈɛvədəns əv. məkˈdɑnəld raɪts: kɔrt hi kɛpt tɪ ə skrɪpt ˈrɪtən baɪ pəˈlis. nən əv ðə sɪks wər ˈgɪlti əv ðə ˈbɑmɪŋ kənˈspɪrəsi. baɪ ðət taɪm ˈmɛni əv ðə pəˈlis wər ˈəndər ə klaʊd. ˈrɑʤər ˈrɑgərsən (hu lɛd wən əv ðə reɪdz əˈgɛnst θri əv ðə sɪks kroʊˈeɪʃənz, ənd wɑz kənˈvɪktəd læst mənθ əv ən ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd ˈmərdər) wɑz əˈbaʊt tɪ goʊ tɪ ʤeɪl ðə ənd ɪts skwɑdz hæd bɪn dɪsˈbændɪd ɛz ə əv corruption’.”*’.” ðɛr ɪz ə laɪn ɪn əˈkaʊnt əv ðə sərˈveɪləns ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz baɪ boʊθ ɔˈstreɪljən lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ənd, ˌɪnˈdid, ˈjugoʊsˌlɑv ˈeɪʤənts ðət simz ˈʧɪlɪŋ ɪn laɪt əv ðə ˈoʊvərˌhitɪd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈrɛtərɪk əˈbaʊt ˈməzlɪmz ənd ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti hir təˈdeɪ. wər ðə ˈməzlɪmz əv ðət time,”*,” hi kwoʊts ˈbræŋkoʊ miletic*, ə ˈʤərnəlɪst, ɛz seɪɪŋ. ɪt wɪl bi ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ tɪ si haʊ, ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər, ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈvɑljum əv ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈhɪstəri əv dilz wɪθ ðɪs ˈkjʊriəs, ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ ənd ˈtɛrəbəl ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ɪn ɔˈstreɪljən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈfeɪljər, lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ənd ˈʤəstɪs. ˈhænsən ɪz rɔŋ tɪ seɪ ɔˈstreɪljə həz ˈnɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr sin ˈplɪtɪkli ənd pərˈhæps rɪˈlɪʤəsli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm. bət ɪt ɪz klɪr ðət ðə ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ kroʊˈeɪʃən ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm ɪn ðə ənd ɔˈstreɪljə wɑz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ɛz ɪt maɪt hæv ˌɪˈnɪʃəli əˈpɪrd.

senator-elect pauline hanson makes an audacious claim that we are in the midst of a terrorist threat manifesting in the type of politically motivated violence australia has not previously experienced. she is pointing the finger not just at radical jihadis but, far more broadly, at muslims who, she says on this basis, should now be banned from migrating to australia. indeed, speaking on the abc’s q&a last week, hanson said: “we have terrorism on the streets that we’ve never had before. we’ve had murders committed under the name of islam, as we have the lindt cafe, curtis cheng and the two police officers in melbourne, right? so this has happened. you have radicalisation.” curtis cheng’s son asks pauline hanson not to use father’s death to attack islam read more tony jones, the program’s host, said in reply: “when you say we’ve never had terrorism in this country before, that’s simply not the case ... in the 1970s there were multiple bombings by croatian catholic extremists. this has happened in australia before. it’s not the first time. we should at least get that straight.” while jones is correct that australia was the stage for acts of violence by apparent croatian extremists (some of whom were catholics), there now seems to be little doubt that some terrorist activity blamed on the croats was actually orchestrated by undercover yugloslav agents provocateur. in october the third volume of the official history of asio will be published. written by historian and the former army intelligence officer john blaxland, the book will cover the case of what became known as the “croatian six” – a case that not only reiterates the extent of appalling new south wales police corruption during the 1970s, but an apparent failure in both asio’s counter-terrorism and counter-espionage operations regarding croatia and yugoslavia, and one of the more disconcerting miscarriages of justices in late 20th century australia. croatians were stigmatised as nazis hamish mcdonald in 2012 hamish mcdonald’s book, framed, succinctly contextualised the circumstances under which the six young australian citizens of croatian birth (all croat nationalists) came to be charged and convicted of a conspiracy to bomb the elizabethan theatre in sydney’s newtown, the city’s water supply and several city businesses. the six were max bebic, vic brajkovic, tony zvirotic, joe kokotovic, ilija kokotovic and mile nekic. each spent up to a decade in prison after apparently being framed by an agent of the yugoslav foreign intelligence service, working operationally in australia. most of the 160,000 yugoslavs who came to australia after the second world war as assisted migrants were croatian. nationalistic and predominantly catholic, they used their freedom in australia to protest vociferously – and sometimes with extreme violence – against josip tito’s communist yugoslav federation. croatian activism was politically polarising in australia. as mcdonald points out in framed: “it was a convenient cudgel for australia’s left to turn against the coalition government and canberra’s security apparatus. croatians were stigmatised as nazis by the wartime collaboration of a nationalist organisation, the ustache, with the german occupation.” after labor’s 1972 election, among the first actions of the new attorney general, lionel murphy, was to raid asio’s then melbourne headquarters in search of files about croatian extremism he believed the agency was withholding from the whitlam government. but there was genuine cause for asio, police and government concern about the more extreme elements of the croatian nationalist movement in australia. violence and smoke bombs at football matches involving teams with croat and serb sympathies was common. so too, were threats against yugoslav diplomats (a good many of whom were actually intelligence officials) in australia, and local branches of the federation’s state businesses. asio was actively involved in small-scale surveillance operations against violent croatian extremist organisations in the 1960s and 70s as blaxland explains in the second volume of the official asio history, the protest years. but counter-terrorism operations took on greater urgency after the bombing in november 1977 of the melbourne office of the yugoslav state airline, jat, on a weekend of violent protest outside the federation’s consulate in sydney. the next year a croatian extremist group was discovered training on the south-east coast of australia. asio, meanwhile, was also acutely aware that local yugoslav agents were trying to infiltrate the more extreme croat groups. mcdonald’s book highlights credible suggestions that yugoslav agents provocateur had infiltrated some of the groups, including the one conducting military training. yugoslavia had already complained through diplomatic channels about the danger to its representatives and property in australia from extremists. the situation was clearly vexed for asio: on one hand it had to conduct counter-terrorism measures against the croatian extremists, on the other, counter-intelligence against yugoslav spies in australia. it was in this environment, on 8 february 1979, that vico virkez walked into lithgow police station west of sydney and “confessed” to his supposed role in a planned bombing of the theatre in newtown (where a yugoslav production was to be staged before 1,600 patrons), as well as an attack on the sydney water supply and various yugoslavian businesses. asio was aware of virkez’s earlier contact with the yugoslav consulate in sydney and should have doubted his story. he had phoned the consulate to say that he was going to confess some hours before he actually did. asio is believed to have intercepted that phone call between virkez and the consulate. new south wales police arrested the six croatian nationalists on the basis of the virkez information. virkez, who testified against the six, was sentenced to 26 months’ prison. but he was released after 10 months and allowed to return to yugoslavia. the other members of the croatian six were sentenced to 15 years’ prison each. despite explosives having been found in the homes of the accused (all tradesmen), the prosecution case seemed flawed from inception. one of the accused was beaten during questioning by the infamous sydney criminal investigation branch. all of the accused later withdrew the “confessions” they’d initially given, five in unsigned verbal accounts – “verbals”. forty police continued to insist the confessions were voluntary and that they had, indeed, found explosives and detonators in the homes of accused. but in 1991 the abc journalist chris masters found virkez in yugoslavia. virkez volunteered that he was actually a serb, vitomir misimovic. he admitted that he had worked on behalf of the yugoslav government to infiltrate and spy on the australian croatian community. george brandis warns against assuming all attacks are terrorism after munich shooting read more an appeal was rejected. to the lingering anger of the croatian community, the six men served their sentences. the defence was denied access to asio documents salient to the evidence of virkez. mcdonald writes: “in court he kept to a script written by police. none of the six were guilty of the bombing conspiracy. by that time many of the police were under a cloud. roger rogerson (who led one of the raids against three of the six croatians, and was convicted last month of an unrelated murder) was about to go to jail ... the cib and its squads had been disbanded as a ‘hotbed of corruption’.” there is a line in mcdonald’s account of the surveillance operations – by both australian law enforcement and intelligence and, indeed, yugoslav agents – that seems chilling in light of the overheated political rhetoric about muslims and national security here today. “we were the muslims of that time,” he quotes branko miletic, a croatian-australian journalist, as saying. it will be intriguing to see how, in october, the latest volume of the official history of asio deals with this curious, embarrassing and terrible episode in australian intelligence failure, law enforcement and miscarried justice. hanson is wrong to say australia has never before seen politically and perhaps religiously motivated terrorism. but it is clear that the terrorism associated with croatian extremism in the 1960s and 70s australia was not always as it might have initially appeared.

nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ənd ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ər ˈtimɪŋ əp tɪ mərʤ ðə ˈwaɪldli səkˈsɛsfəl ˈmoʊbəl ˈpəzəl geɪm ˈpəzəl ˈdrægənz wɪθ ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ bros*. ənd, ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs, prɪnt ə lɔt əv ˈməni fər boʊθ ˈkəmpəˌniz. ˈsiˌiˈoʊ mɔriˈʃitə ənd nɪnˈtɛndoʊz ʃɪˈgeɪru mijɑˈmoʊtoʊ ʤɔɪnd ˈfɔrsɪz təˈdeɪ tɪ əˈnaʊns ˈpəzəl ˈdrægənz: ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ bros*. ɪˈdɪʃən, ə nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ˌædəpˈteɪʃən əv ˈpəzəl ˈdrægənz ðæts stəft wɪθ nɪnˈtɛndoʊz ˈkɛrɪktərz: ˈmɑrioʊ, luˈiʤi, piʧ, ˈboʊzər, ˈjoʊʃi ənd mɔr. ðə geɪm ɪz kənˈfərmd fər ə riˈlis ɪn ʤəˈpæn ɔn ˈeɪprəl 29 praɪst æt jɛn. ˈpəzəl ˈdrægənz, ə ˈpəzəl geɪm, wɑz fərst riˈlist fər ˈioʊs ɪn 2012 sɪns lɔnʧ, ðə geɪm həz bɪn ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd mɔr ðən 32 ˈmɪljən taɪmz ɪn ʤəˈpæn ənd mɔr ðən 6 ˈmɪljən taɪmz ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə. beɪst ɔn ðə geɪmz ˈdeɪbju ˈtreɪlər, ˈpəzəl ˈdrægənz: ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ bros*. ɪˈdɪʃən əˈpɪrz tɪ hju ˈkloʊsli tɪ ˈpəzəl ˈdrægənz' traɪd ənd tru ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ, bət ædz fəˈmɪljər power-ups*, ˈkɛrɪktərz ənd ə mæp. nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌiˈwɑˌtɑ sɛd læst jɪr ðət ðə ˈkəmpəˌni plænd tɪ ɪkˈspænd ɪts ˈkɛrɪktər ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ ˈbɪznɪs, seɪɪŋ ɪt sɔ "ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz ɪn ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ ˈkɛrɪktər ˌaɪˌpi ɪn ˈɛriəz nɪnˈtɛndoʊ həz ˈnɛvər wərkt ˌbiˈfɔr,"

nintendo and gungho online entertainment are teaming up to merge the wildly successful mobile puzzle game puzzle & dragons with super mario bros. and, in the process, print a lot of money for both companies. gungho ceo kazuki morishita and nintendo's shigeru miyamoto joined forces today to announce puzzle & dragons: super mario bros. edition, a nintendo 3ds adaptation of puzzle & dragons that's stuffed with nintendo's characters: mario, luigi, peach, bowser, yoshi and more. the 3ds game is confirmed for a release in japan on april 29, priced at 4,000 yen. puzzle & dragons, a puzzle role-playing game, was first released for ios in 2012. since launch, the game has been downloaded more than 32 million times in japan and more than 6 million times in north america. based on the game's debut trailer, puzzle & dragons: super mario bros. edition appears to hew closely to puzzle & dragons' tried and true color-matching gameplay, but adds familiar power-ups, characters and a mario-style overworld map. nintendo president satoru iwata said last year that the company planned to expand its character licensing business, saying it saw "possibilities in licensing character ip in areas nintendo has never worked before,"

ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst həz bɪn ə məʧ mɔr æmˈbɪʃəs bist sɪns ˈfaʊndər ənd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ʤɛf bɔt ðə ˈpeɪpər læst jɪr. sɪns ɪts bɪn ɪn ˈpraɪvət kənˈtroʊl, ənd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈpəblɪk ˈʃɛˌrhoʊldər ˈprɛʃər, ðə ˈpeɪpər həz ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ɪn ˈhaɪrɪŋ ˈdəzənz ənd ˈdəzənz əv nu ˈstæfərz wɪθ ɔl sɔrts əv ˈkətɪˌŋɛʤ "ˈɔnˌlaɪn ɪkˈspɪriəns," ˈraɪtərz hu ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ðə ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm əv ðə fˈjuʧər wɪl ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈgɪtɪŋ lɑts əv ˈpipəl tɪ klɪk ɔn lɑts əv stəf. noʊ wərd jɛt ɔn ðɪs ɔl bɪˈkəmz ˈprɑfətəbəl. bət ðæts fər ðə suts tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt. ənd ðət sut, əˈpɛrəntli, wɪl noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi ˈkæθrɪn ˈweɪməθ, huz ˈlivɪŋ hər roʊl ɛz ˈpəblɪʃər əv ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst. ðə ˈɛksət baɪ ˈweɪməθ, ˈgrænˌdɔtər əv ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri poʊst ˈpəblɪʃər ˈkæθrɪn græm, ˈfaɪnəli pʊts tɪ rɛst ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈpeɪpər baɪ ðə græm ˈfæməli. ˈɪntu huz ˈkɛrfəli ˈʧoʊzən hænz, naʊ, ʃæl kənˈtroʊl əv ðə poʊst goʊ? wɪʧ ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈprɑfət wɪl lɛd ðə nu groʊθ ˈɪrə əv ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst? ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt: oʊ, ʤɪst səm oʊld ˈrigən hænd. wɛl, wi ˈʃʊdənt seɪ "səm" oʊld ˈrigən hænd. frɛd raɪən, huz ʤɪst bɪn neɪmd ðə poʊsts nu ˈpəblɪʃər, ɪz əˈməŋ ðə mɔr ˈpipəl tɪ ˈɛvər wɔk ðə ərθ ˈsəmˈwət lɛs ðən ˈrɑnəld ˈrigən hɪmˈsɛlf, bət ˈprɑbəˌbli mɔr ðən ˈnænsi ˈrigən ər ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈrigən ˈfæməli. ˈbækˌgraʊnd ɪn rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑləˌtɪks," ðə poʊsts oʊn əv ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp swɪʧ noʊts, "ˈɔlsoʊ ɪz ˈsərtən tɪ reɪz kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ðə ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl peɪʤ, əˈməŋ ðə moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ɪn ðə ˈneɪʃən." meɪk wət ju wɪl əv ðət "moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ɪn ðə ˈneɪʃən" ˈbɪznɪs. bət ɛz fər ðə pɑrt əˈbaʊt haʊ ɪts ˈsərtən tɪ "reɪz kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ðə poʊsts ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl eɪʤ" wɛl, jæ! ðɪs frɛd raɪən kræŋks ðə ˈdeɪnʤərəsli ˈɪntu ðə rɛd. hi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈwərkɪŋ fər ˈrigən ɪn 1982 ɛz "ˈdɛpjəti dɪˈrɛktər əv ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl əˈpɔɪntmənts ənd ˈskɛʤʊlɪŋ." ˈæftər ˈvɛriəs pərˈmoʊʃənz, hi ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli roʊz tɪ bɪˈkəm ə tɔp eɪd tɪ ˈrigən ɪn ðə ˈlætər jɪrz əv hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ənd ðɛn hi ˈfɑloʊd ˈrigən aʊt əv ˈɔfəs, ˈsərvɪŋ ɛz hɪz ʧif əv stæf frəm 1989 tɪ 1995 sɪns ðɛn? ...wɛl, mɔr ˈrigən stəf: ˈmɪstər. raɪən ɪz ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə bɔrd əv ˌtrəˈstiz əv ðə ˈrɑnəld ˈrigən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈlaɪbrɛˌri faʊnˈdeɪʃən ənd ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ˈrɑnəld ˈrigən sɛnˈtɛniəl kəˈmɪʃən. hi ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə bɔrd əv dɪˈrɛktərz əv ðə waɪt haʊs hɪˈstɔrɪkəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ənd sərvz ɛz ə ˌtrəˈsti ɔn ðə bɔrd əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər nɑnˈprɑfət ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ, ˈθiətər, ðə ˈnæʃənəl mˈjuziəm əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri, ənd ðə bɔrd əv ˈkaʊnsɪlərz əv ðə ˈænənbərg skul əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈsəðərn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. ˈmɪstər. raɪən ɪz ðə ˈɛdɪtər əv ˈrɑnəld ˈrigən: ðə ˈwɪzdəm ənd ˈhjumər əv ðə greɪt kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtər, ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ˈhɑrpər ˈkɑlɪnz ɪn 1995 ənd ˈrɑnəld ˈrigən: ðə greɪt kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtər, ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ˈhɑrpər ˈkɑlɪnz ɪn 2001 hi wɑz ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv prəˈdusər əv ðə ˈhaɪli əˈkleɪmd ˈvɪdioʊ əv ðə ˈrigən ˈprɛzɪdənsi, ɛnˈtaɪtəld ˈrigən years.”*.” wən maɪt seɪ raɪən ɪz "pro-reagan*," ɪn ˈəðər wərdz. ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl, fər ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈrizən, ər. bət wɪr ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə wərldz noʊ. 1 ˈrigən ˈsupərˌfæn, hir. ənd naʊ ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊsts ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl bɔrd ˈænsərz tɪ ɪm. ðɪs ɪz nuz. (ɪn hɪz ˈpriviəs wərk, raɪən sərvd ɛz ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ. hi hɛlpt ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən bæk ɪn ðə "oʊld deɪz" əv 2007 wɪn ɪt wɑz noʊn ɛz ðə pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ ənd sərˈvaɪvd ɔn drəʤ lɪŋks.) raɪən ɪz ˈprɑməsɪŋ "ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns" ənd blɑ blɑ blɑ, laɪk ɔl ˈpəblɪʃərz du wɪn ðeɪ teɪk ˈoʊvər ə ˈmidiə ˈprɑpərti. ənd ðət meɪ ər meɪ nɑt tərn aʊt tɪ bi ə laɪ. əˈsumɪŋ hi wər tɪ prɛs hɪz oʊn vjuz ɔn ðə ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl bɔrd, ðoʊ, ʤɪst haʊ məʧ ˈdɪfərəns wʊd ðət meɪk? ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl ɔn ðə ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi saɪd. ðə poʊsts ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl bɔrd ɪz ɔˈrɛdi rən baɪ ˈɛdɪtər frɛd haɪət ənd hɪz ˈdɛpjəti, ˈʤæksən dil, hu rən ə ˈkɑmɪkəli ˈhɔkɪʃ ʃɑp. ɔn dəˈmɛstɪk ˈpɑləsi, ðə poʊst ɪz ˈveɪgli ˈʤɛnərəli səˈpɔrtɪv əv ˈgəvərnmənt ˈproʊˌgræmz' əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈifɛkt ʧeɪnʤ, bət ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt bæd ˈmænərz. ˈrigən stəf əˈsaɪd, wət ə leɪm, ˈklæsɪkli ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ʧɔɪs ðɪs ɪz frəm ʤɛf: səm ˈrigəˌnaɪt ˈlɔjər. ʤɪst wɪn ɪt lʊkt laɪk ðə poʊst wɑz ˈfaɪnəli ˈpʊlɪŋ ɪts hɛd aʊt əv ɪts æs, ɪts pʊld raɪt bæk ɪn.

the washington post has been a much more ambitious beast since amazon.com founder and ceo jeff bezos bought the paper last year. since it's been in private control, and no longer subject to public shareholder pressure, the paper has invested in hiring dozens and dozens of new staffers with all sorts of cutting-edge "online experience," writers who understand that the journalism of the future will involve getting lots of people to click on lots of stuff. no word yet on when/how this all becomes profitable. but that's for the suits to worry about. and that suit, apparently, will no longer be katharine weymouth, who's leaving her role as publisher of the washington post. the exit by weymouth, granddaughter of legendary post publisher katharine graham, finally puts to rest longtime control of the paper by the graham family. into whose carefully chosen hands, now, shall control of the post go? which innovative digital prophet will lead the new growth era of the washington post? advertisement: oh, just some old reagan hand. well, we shouldn't say "some" old reagan hand. fred ryan, who's just been named the post's new publisher, is among the more reagan-y people to ever walk the earth -- somewhat less reagan-y than ronald reagan himself, but probably more reagan-y than nancy reagan or other members of the reagan family. "ryan’s background in republican politics," the post's own write-up of the leadership switch notes, "also is certain to raise questions about the direction of the post’s editorial page, among the most influential in the nation." make what you will of that "most influential in the nation" business. but as for the part about how it's certain to "raise questions about the direction of the post's editorial age" -- well, yeah! this fred ryan cranks the reaganmeter dangerously into the red. he started working for reagan in 1982 as "deputy director of presidential appointments and scheduling." after various promotions, he eventually rose to become a top aide to reagan in the latter years of his administration. and then he followed reagan out of office, serving as his post-presidential chief of staff from 1989 to 1995. since then? ...well, more reagan stuff: mr. ryan is chairman of the board of trustees of the ronald reagan presidential library foundation and chairman of the ronald reagan centennial commission. he is also chairman of the board of directors of the white house historical association, and serves as a trustee on the board of several other nonprofit organizations including, ford’s theatre, the national museum of american history, and the board of councilors of the annenberg school of communications at the university of southern california. mr. ryan is the editor of ronald reagan: the wisdom and humor of the great communicator, published by harper collins in 1995, and ronald reagan: the great communicator, published by harper collins in 2001. he was executive producer of the highly acclaimed video of the reagan presidency, entitled “the reagan years.” one might say ryan is "pro-reagan," in other words. a lot of people, for whatever reason, are. but we're talking about the world's no. 1 reagan superfan, here. and now the washington post's editorial board answers to him. this is news. (in his previous non-reagan work, ryan served as ceo of politico. he helped co-found the organization back in the "old days" of 2007, when it was known as the politico and survived on drudge links.) ryan is promising "editorial independence" and blah blah blah, like all right-wing publishers do when they take over a media property. and that may or may not turn out to be a lie. assuming he were to press his own views on the editorial board, though, just how much difference would that make? very little on the foreign policy side. the post's editorial board is already run by editor fred hiatt and his deputy, jackson diehl, who run a comically hawkish all-war-all-the-time shop. on domestic policy, the post is vaguely center-left -- generally supportive of government programs' ability to effect change, but also priggishly concerned about bad manners. reagan stuff aside, what a lame, classically washington choice this is from jeff bezos: some reaganite lawyer. just when it looked like the post was finally pulling its head out of its ass, it's pulled right back in.

ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt æbˈdul ˈspikɪŋ æt ðə tɪ ˈtiʧərz ɪn nu ˈdɛli ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. (pti*) ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt ə pi ʤeɪ æbˈdul təˈdeɪ ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd ə "kəmˈplit" ʧeɪnʤ əv ðə haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈfreɪmˌwərk ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ənd strɛst ɔn skɪl dɪˈvɛləpmənt tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ə ˈwərkˌfɔrs tɪ mit fˈjuʧər ɔn ðə əv ðə θərd ɪn nu ˈdɛli, ˈdɑktər səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˈstudənts ɪn skulz ənd ˈkɑlɪʤɪz bi ˈhændɪd ˈoʊvər "skɪl sərˈtɪfɪkəts" əˈpɑrt frəm ðə kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈdɛkeɪdz taɪm, ˈɪndiə wɪl nid 300 tɪ 500 ˈmɪljən ɛmˈplɔɪəbəl skɪld juθ ənd ðɛr ɪz ə nid tɪ kəmˈplitli ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɪləbəs ənd ˈsɛkənˌdɛri skul ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɪləbəs," hi ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ðə 'ˈmɪsəl mæn' fər hɪz ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ˈɪndiən ˈgaɪdɪd ˈmɪsəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈproʊˌgræm ˈfərðər sɛd, "tu sərˈtɪfɪkəts ʃʊd bi ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ˈstudənts. ɪn skulz, wən skɪl sərˈtɪfɪkət ənd wən ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən sərˈtɪfɪkət ənd ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ, dɪˈgri ənd dɪˈploʊmɑ ɔn ðə ˌɛkspərˈtiz əkˈwaɪərd. ɪn skulz frəm klæs 9 tɪ 12 25 pər sɛnt əv ðə taɪm həz tɪ bi əˈlɑtɪd fər skɪl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈproʊˌgræm". ˈjunjən ˈwɪmən ənd ʧaɪld dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈmɪnɪstər ˈgɑndi, ˈpənˌʤæb ʧif ˈmɪnɪstər sɪŋ ˈbeɪdəl wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈprɛzənt ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnt ɪn wɪʧ 15 ˈtiʧərz frəm ˈdɪfərənt ˈgəvərnmənt skulz əv ˈpənˌʤæb wər əˈwɔrdɪd.

former president apj abdul kalam speaking at the 3rd malti gyan peeth puraskar-2015 to punjabs teachers in new delhi on friday. (pti) former president a p j abdul kalam today advocated a "complete" change of the higher education framework in the country and stressed on skill development to come up with a workforce to meet future challenges.speaking on the occassion of the third malti gyan peeth puraskar in new delhi, dr kalam suggested that students in schools and colleges be handed over "skill certificates" apart from the conventional degrees."in decades time, india will need 300 to 500 million employable skilled youth and there is a need to completely change the university education syllabus and secondary school education syllabus," he said.dr kalam also known as the 'missile man' for his contribution to indian guided missile development programme further said, "two certificates should be given to students. in schools, one skill certificate and one education certificate and in college, degree and diploma on the expertise acquired. in schools from class 9 to 12, 25 per cent of the time has to be alloted for skill development programme". union women and child development minister maneka gandhi, punjab chief minister parkash singh badal were also present in the event in which 15 teachers from different government schools of punjab were awarded.

ðə ˈsəni ˈwɛðər ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ɪz aɪˈdil fər ˈtreɪnɪŋ kɑz, bət ɪt dɪz hæv ɪts ˈdrɔˌbæks. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪf jʊr ɔˈtɑnəməs ˈviɪkəl həz ˈoʊnli ˈɛvər ˈdrɪvən ɪn ˈpərˌfɪkt ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti, wət ˈhæpənz wɪn ɪt rənz ˈɪntu ə bɪt əv reɪn ər snoʊ? ˈrisərʧərz æt maɪt hæv ə səˈluʃən, ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ ˈditeɪlz ðɪs wik əv ən eɪaɪ ˈfreɪmˌwərk ðət lɛts kəmˈpjutərz ˌɪˈmæʤən wət ə ˈsəni strit lʊks laɪk wɪn ˈreɪnɪŋ, snoʊɪŋ, ər ˈivɪn ˈaʊtˈsaɪd. ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər kɑz, bət ðə wərk kʊd hæv ˈmɛni mɔr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ˌbiˈsaɪdz. ðə ˈrisərʧ ɪz beɪst ɔn ən eɪaɪ ˈmɛθəd ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli gʊd æt ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈdætə: ə ˈʤɛnərətɪv ˌædvərˈsɛriəl ˈnɛtˌwərk, ər gæn. gænz wərk baɪ kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ tu ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈnʊrəl ˈnɛtˌwərks wən ðət meɪks ðə ˈdætə, ənd əˈnəðər ðət ˈʤəʤɪz ɪt; rɪˈʤɛktɪŋ ˈsæmpəlz ðət lʊk ˈækjərət. ɪn ðɪs weɪ, ðə eɪaɪ ˈtiʧɪz ˌɪtˈsɛlf tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ˈbɛtər ənd ˈbɛtər rɪˈzəlts ˈoʊvər taɪm. ðɪs sɔrt əv ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz ˈkɑmən ɪn ðə ˈɪndəstri, ənd həz bɪn juzd tɪ kriˈeɪt ɔl sɔrts əv ˈɪmɪʤri, frəm feɪk səˈlɛbrɪti ˈfeɪsɪz tɪ nu ˈkloʊðɪŋ dɪˈzaɪnz tɪ ˈnaɪtˌmɛrɪʃ kæts. ˈrisərʧ, ðoʊ, həz wən bɪg ædˈvæntɪʤ ˈoʊvər ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ gænz: ɪt lərnz wɪθ məʧ lɛs ˌsupərˈvɪʒən. ˈʤɛnərəli, ˈproʊˌgræmz əv ðɪs sɔrt nid ˈleɪbəld tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ˈdætə. ɛz ˈrisərʧər lju ɪkˈspleɪnd tɪ ðə vərʤ, ðɪs minz ðət ɪf ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə gæn ðət tərnz ə ˈdeɪˌtaɪm sin ˈɪntu ə ˈnaɪtˌtaɪm wən, nid tɪ fid ɪt pɛrz əv ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈteɪkən æt ðə seɪm loʊˈkeɪʃən æt naɪt ənd deɪ. ɪt wʊd ðɛn ˈstədi ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə tu tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt nu ɪgˈzæmpəlz. bət nu ˈproʊˌgræm nid ðɪs ɪt wərks wɪˈθaʊt ˈleɪbəld, bət ˈmænɪʤɪz tɪ ˈproʊdus rɪˈzəlts əv ˈsɪmələr kˈwɑləti. ðɪs kʊd bi ə ˈmeɪʤər ædˈvæntɪʤ fər eɪaɪ ˈrisərʧərz, ɛz ɪt friz əp taɪm ðeɪ wʊd ˈəðərˌwaɪz hæv tɪ ˈdɛdəˌkeɪt tɪ ˈsɔrtɪŋ ðɛr ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈdætə. ər əˈməŋ ðə fərst tɪ ˈtækəl ðə problem,”*,” toʊld ðə vərʤ. “[“[and*] ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪt ˈrɛrli reɪnz ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, bət laɪk ɑr kɑz tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt ˈprɑpərli wɪn ɪt reɪnz. wi kən juz ɑr ˈmɛθəd tɪ trænzˈleɪt ˈsəni ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈsikwənsɪz tɪ ˈreɪni wənz tɪ treɪn ɑr cars.”*.” ənd ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ʤɪst wərk ˈtrænsˌleɪtɪŋ ˈpɪkʧərz əv strits, əv kɔrs. ənd hɪz ˈkɑligz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtɛstɪd ɪt ɔn ˈpɪkʧərz əv kæts ənd dɔgz, ˈtərnɪŋ ˈpɪkʧərz əv wən brid ˈɪntu əˈnəðər; ənd juzd ɪt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv peoples’*’ ˈfeɪsɪz ɪn ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs. ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi juzd ɪn æps laɪk faceapp*, ənd, laɪk ˈəðər ˈrisərʧ ɪn ðɪs ˈɛriə, ˈreɪzɪz fɪrz əˈbaʊt eɪaɪ biɪŋ juzd tɪ kriˈeɪt feɪk ˈɪmɪʤri ðət wɪl trɪk ˈpipəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn. wərk kən bi juzd fər ˈɪmɪʤ editing,”*,” səˈʤɛsts, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi ædz ðət ðɛr ər noʊ ˈkɑnkrit ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ʤɪst jɛt. ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɪs ˈrisərʧ əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ɑr ˈprɑdəkt timz ənd ˈkəstəmərz. aɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ðə spid ər ɪkˈstɛnt əv ðɛr adoption.”*.” ju kən rɛd ðə ˈrisərʧ ˈpeɪpər ɪn fʊl hir, ənd ðə wərk ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ biɪŋ pərˈzɛnəd ðɪs wik æt ðə nɪps eɪaɪ ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn lɔŋ biʧ, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə.

the sunny weather in california is ideal for training self-driving cars, but it does have its drawbacks. after all, if your autonomous vehicle has only ever driven in perfect visibility, what happens when it runs into a bit of rain or snow? researchers at nvidia might have a solution, publishing details this week of an ai framework that lets computers imagine what a sunny street looks like when raining, snowing, or even pitch-black outside. important information for self-driving cars, but the work could have many more applications besides. the research is based on an ai method particularly good at generating visual data: a generative adversarial network, or gan. gans work by combining two separate neural networks one that makes the data, and another that judges it; rejecting samples that look accurate. in this way, the ai teaches itself to generate better and better results over time. this sort of program is common in the industry, and has been used to create all sorts of imagery, from fake celebrity faces to new clothing designs to nightmarish cats. nvidia’s research, though, has one big advantage over existing gans: it learns with much less supervision. generally, programs of this sort need labelled datasets to generate data. as nvidia researcher ming-yu liu explained to the verge, this means that if you’re making a gan that turns a daytime scene into a nighttime one, you’d need to feed it pairs of images taken at the same location at night and day. it would then study the difference between the two to generate new examples. but nvidia’s new program need this prep-work it works without labelled datasets, but manages to produce results of similar quality. this could be a major advantage for ai researchers, as it frees up time they would otherwise have to dedicate to sorting their training data. “we are among the first to tackle the problem,” ming-yu told the verge. “[and] there are many applications. for example, it rarely rains in california, but we’d like our self-driving cars to operate properly when it rains. we can use our method to translate sunny california driving sequences to rainy ones to train our self-driving cars.” and the program just work translating pictures of streets, of course. ming-yu and his colleagues also tested it on pictures of cats and dogs, turning pictures of one breed into another; and used it to change the expression of peoples’ faces in photographs. similar to the technology used in face-changing apps like faceapp, and, like other research in this area, raises fears about ai being used to create fake imagery that will trick people online. “this work can be used for image editing,” suggests ming-yu, although he adds that there are no concrete applications for the program just yet. “we’re making this research available to our product teams and customers. i can’t comment on the speed or extent of their adoption.” you can read the research paper in full here, and the work is also being presented this week at the nips ai conference in long beach, california.

ðə #ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪdli ˈkrɑnɪkəlz spɛnz ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈpruvɪŋ tɛd kruz raɪt ðə ðət hæv bɪn æst soʊ fɑr ɪn ðɪs dəˈbeɪt, waɪ ðə trəst ðə ˈmidiə. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə keɪʤ mæʧ. ənd ɪf ju lʊk æt ðə, trəmp, ər ju ə ˈkɑmɪk bʊk vil­lain*? bɛn, kən ju du ðə mæθ? ʤɑn ˈkɑsɪʧ, kən ju ˌɪnˈsəlt tu ˈoʊvər hir? ˈmɑrkoʊ ˈrubioʊ, waɪ ju rɪˈzaɪn? ʤɛb bʊʃ, waɪ hæv jʊr ˈfɑlən? haʊ əˈbaʊt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɪʃuz tɛd kruz dəˈbeɪt ɔkt 2015 læst wik tɛd kruz həz hɪz ˈbɪgəst ˈmoʊmənt ɪn ðə reɪs tɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt wɪn ðə dəˈbeɪt hi kɔld aʊt ðə baɪəs əv ðə əˈgɛnst ðə ɪt wɪθ haʊ hæv bɪn ˈtritɪd baɪ sɛd ˈmidiə ənd ðət ðə ðə əv ðə ðə ʃʊd hæv ˈvoʊtɪd ɪn səʧ ə æt list wəns. ðə wik ðət wi hərd ɔl kaɪnz əv ðət ɪf ðə ðeɪ ðə waɪt haʊs, ðeɪ wər kɔld whin­ers*, ənd əˈtækt baɪ prɛs frəm ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ənd ˈivɪn ˈkɛli əv fɑks nuz. ɔn wi hæd ə 24 aʊər ˈpɪriəd wɛr ðə ˈmidiə dɪd ðɛr bɛst tɪ meɪk hɪz pɔɪnt fər ɪm. ˈaɪtəm 1 ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ ə blæk mæn ɪˈskeɪps ðə ɪz dɛθ mənθs əˈgoʊ ʤɪst ˈæftər hi əˈnaʊnst aɪ ə bɛn kju ə ɪn ənd æsk ɪm əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmidiə 180 ɔn ɪm sɪns hi ðə æt ðə prɛr ˈbrɛkfəst. æt ðə taɪm ˈprɑspɛkts wər slɪm ənd nən ənd slɪm wɑz nɑt ɪn taʊn. wɛl ə fju wiks ˈæftər hi ɪn ðə 603 əˈlaɪəns əv ənd ʤɪst ə fju deɪz ˈæftər ə poʊl ʃoʊd ðət hi wɑz ˈnɪrli 20 əv ti blæk voʊt, ɪˈnəf tɪ meɪk ə ɪn ə elec­tion*. ðə ˈmidiə ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ goʊ ˈæftər ɪm ɪn ə bɪg weɪ. pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ pʊt aʊt hɪt pis ɔn hi wɑz laɪɪŋ əˈbaʊt səm ˈtiˌneɪʤ. ˌbiˈfɔr ju nu ɪt ˈɛvəri ˈmidiə wɑz ɔn ɛz baɪ ðɪs ˈɪmɪʤ ˈviə ðə rəʃ saɪt: ənd ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt si? frəm ðə ˈmoʊmənt aɪ toʊld ju əˈbaʊt ðɪs, ðɪs ɪz ɪgˈzæktli wət aɪ toʊld ju ðə wɑz. ðeɪ wɔnt ju tɪ θɪŋk ðət ˈnɛvər wɛnt tɪ wɛst pɔɪnt bət ðət hi sɪz hi dɪd. ə pis fab­ri­cat­ing’*’ ðə fækt ðət hi əˈplaɪd ənd wɑz tɪ wɛst point.”*.” soʊ ðeɪ goʊ tɪ ðə wɛst pɔɪnt təˈdeɪ ənd ʃi sɪz, ““no*, wi hæd noʊ appli­ca­tion*. hi əˈplaɪ, ənd hi əˈtɛnd here.”*.” soʊ ðeɪ ˈklɪrli wɔnt igno­rant*, impres­sion­able*, tɪ θɪŋk ðət bɛn aʊt ðɛr ɪn hɪz bʊk ðət hi wɛnt tɪ wɛst pɔɪnt ənd ðət ðə pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ təˈdeɪ həz ðə fækt ðət hi. ənd du ju wɔnt tɪ noʊ haʊ ðɪs ɪz? nɑt ˈgɑnə ˈɛni neɪmz hir. ɪn ðə əv ðɪs pro­gram*, goʊɪŋ θru ɪgˈzæktli wət aɪ ʤɪst toʊld ju hir, ənd ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv ðə glæs ˈʃaʊtɪd tɪ mi, mat­ter*, toʊst! ðə truθ mat­ter*. toast.”*.” ənd ðɪs maɪt bi tru ɪf wɑz ə pɔl bət ɪf ju θɪŋk ə hu həz spɛnt aʊərz fər ðə lɪvz əv kɪdz dumd wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ ʤɪst gɪv əp ðeɪ wər kwaɪt mis­taken*. kɔld ðə ˈstɔri lie”*” pʊt ɪt wɛl soʊ, bɛn ɪz naʊ ðə fərst blæk ɪn tɪ hæv hɪz ˈrɛkərdz baɪ ˈmidiə. (@americnelephant*) 6 2015 ənd loʊ ənd bɪˈhoʊld wɪˈθɪn ə fju aʊərz pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈɛdɪtɪd ðɛr ˈstɔri ðə ˈɛdɪts) ənd ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn wɑz ˈpʊtɪŋ aʊt ə ˈstɔri ˈtaɪtəld bɛn ‘‘scoop’*’ wɛnt wrong”*” ðə dɪd nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ə ər noʊt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ə noʊt wɑz ˈleɪtər ˈædɪd ɔn. pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ əˈgɛn sɛd ɪt baɪ ɪts reporting.”*.” əv kɔrs baɪ ðə taɪm ðiz wər ðə loʊ ˈɪnfoʊ hu ðə nuz ər si ðə wɪl hæv ðə nɔɪz əv lied”*” ˈædɪd ˈɪntu θɪŋz knows.”*.” teɪk ə lʊk æt ðə prɛs bɪˈloʊ ənd ðə əv ðiz ər ə hi əˈtɛndəd æt eɪʤ 18 naʊ səm maɪt seɪ, heɪ ðɪs gaɪ ɪz fər əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ðɪs soft­ball*, gɑt tɪ ðət hi kən stænd əp ənd teɪk ɪt. ðət ˈvɛri ˈivnɪŋ wi sɔ ə ˈvɛri prɛs ɪˈvɛnt fər democrats…*… 2 ˌɪnˈvaɪts ðə ˈhɪləri koʊ ˈoʊvər tɪ pleɪ ˈsɔfˌbɔl æt 8 piɛm ˈivnɪŋ ðə fərst ɪn ðə saʊθ ˈfɔrəm o’malley*, ˈbərni ˈsændərz ənd ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən. ðə wɑz kwaɪt ˈstraɪkɪŋ. ənˈlaɪk ðə, fɑks ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn dəˈbeɪts ðə əˈpɪrd wən æt ə taɪm əˈbaʊt biɪŋ baɪ ðɛr əˈpoʊnənts ənˈlaɪk ðə dəˈbeɪt ənd ðə əraʊnd bɛn ɪn ðə deɪ. ˈrəðər ðən frəm laɪk bɛn ənd ðə dəˈbeɪtərz dɪd ðə feɪst frəm ˈreɪʧəl ðə moʊst əv hoʊsts ɔn ɔl beɪst ɔn ðɛr ˈrəðər ðən ɪt. ənd waɪl ˈmɪstər. wərdz æt ə æt eɪʤ 18 wər ðɪs ˈstɔri wɪʧ broʊk ðɪs morn­ing*: ə deɪ ˈæftər ˈɔfəs ɛz əv steɪt, saɪnd ə ðət leɪd aʊt fər dis­clo­sure”*” əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˈɛkspərts hæv gɛst ðət saɪnd səʧ ən, bət ə ˈkɑpi əv hər con­tract*, əbˈteɪnd baɪ ðə θru ən ˈoʊpən ˈrɛkərdz rɪkˈwɛst ənd ʃɛrd wɪθ ðə fri bea­con*, rɪˈvilz fər ðə fərst taɪm ðə ɪgˈzækt əv ðə nda*. nɔr hi ðə kɔz əv ðə əˈtæk. ən iˈmeɪl riˈlist baɪ ðə haʊs səˈlɛkt ɔn ˈhɪləri steɪt wɑz ədˈvaɪzd tɪ tɛl tu əˈbaʊt wət spɑrkt ðə 2012 əˈtæk: wən tɪ ðə juz., ənd əˈnəðər ɪn ˈlɪˌbiə. boʊθ wɪʧ tʊk pleɪs waɪl əv steɪt ɪn ðɪs wər nɑt ɪˈnəf tɪ ɪˈlɪsɪt ə ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk frəm mɪs. hir ɪz wən əv ðə kˈwɛsʧənz naʊ ju maɪt seɪ ðət ðə ʤɑb əv ðə prɛs tɪ ðə wərdz əv ə tɔp tir laɪk bɛn ənd ju maɪt ˈɔlsoʊ seɪ ðət æt ðə ˈfɔrəm ˈreɪʧəl æst səm əv ril sub­stance*, ðə wən ɔn ðə tɛk ɪn boʊθ ˈkeɪsɪz ju wʊd bi right…*… ɪf aɪ wɑz ə laɪk tɛd kruz, hu wɑz ˈraʊndli əˈtækt fər ðə weɪ ənd ər ˈtritɪd baɪ ðə prɛs ənd ˈrɪdəˌkjuld baɪ ˈkɛli fər ðət ðə ʃʊd hæv dəˈbeɪts baɪ hu voʊt ɪn ðə nɛkst taɪm ˈiðər əv ðiz ənd æst waɪ hɪz taɪm əˈbaʊt ˈmidiə hænd ðɛm ə ˌdiˌviˈdi əv ðə ˈmidiə əv 2015 ənd ˈænsər: ðɪs ɪz waɪ. ðə ˈoʊnli peɪ aɪ gɪt fər ðɪs wərk kəmz frəm ju. maɪ goʊl fər 2015 ɪz ənd tɪ deɪt ˈoʊnli æt 4400 ˈgɪvɪn ðət fækt aɪ wʊd aɪ æsk ju tɪ pliz datipjar*. ðət gɪts ɔl ðə bɪlz peɪd. 100 æt 20 ə mənθ wɪl gɪt ðə ʤɑb dən ənd ðɛn səm. ʧuz ə ˈlɛvəl ˈwikli kæp ˈmənθli hæt ˈmənθli fɪˈdɔrə ˈmənθli grænd fɪˈdɔrə ˈmənθli ɑr gɪt ɑr iˈmeɪld dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ðɛm ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt ʃoʊ əp ɛls. aɪ noʊ ju kən gɪt ðə fər noth­ing*, bət ˈprɪti məʧ wət moʊst əv ðɛm ər wərθ.

the #unexpectedly chronicles msm spends friday proving ted cruz right the ques­tions that have been asked so far in this debate, illus­trate why the amer­i­can peo­ple don’t trust the media. this is not a cage match. and if you look at the ques­tions, don­ald trump, are you a comic book vil­lain? ben car­son, can you do the math? john kasich, can you insult two peo­ple over here? marco rubio, why don’t you resign? jeb bush, why have your num­bers fallen? how about talk­ing about the sub­stan­tive issues — ted cruz cnbc debate oct 29th 2015 last week ted cruz has his sin­gle biggest moment in the gop race to this point when dur­ing the cnbc debate he called out the bias of the msm against the gop con­trast­ing it with how democ­rats have been treated by said media and sug­gested that per­haps the peo­ple ask­ing the ques­tions of the per­son seek­ing the gop nom­i­na­tion should have voted in such a pri­mary at least once. dur­ing the week that fol­lowed we heard all kinds of snark sug­gest­ing that if the gop couldn’t han­dle cnbc they couldn’t han­dle the white house, they were called whin­ers, com­plain­ers and attacked by press from cnn msnbc and even megyn kelly of fox news. how­ever on fri­day we had a 24 hour period where the media did their best to make his point for him. item 1 . the only way a black man escapes the demo­c­rat plan­ta­tion is death months ago just after he announced i cov­ered a ben car­son q & a in nh and ask him about the media 180 on him since he cri­tiqued the pres­i­dent at the prayer breakfast. at the time carson’s prospects were con­sid­ered slim and none and slim was not in town. well a few weeks after he fin­ished 2nd in the 603 alliance cau­cus of con­firmed nh vot­ers and just a few days after a quin­nip­iac poll showed that he was draw­ing nearly 20% of te black vote, enough to make a demo­c­rat vic­tory impos­si­ble in a gen­eral elec­tion. the media decided to go after him in a big way. politico put out hit piece on car­son claim­ing he was lying about some child­hood & teenage sto­ries. before you knew it every sin­gle media out­let was pil­ing on as illus­trated by this image via the rush lim­baugh site: and this statement see? from the moment i told you about this, this is exactly what i told you the politico’s pur­pose was. they want you to think that car­son never went to west point but that he says he did. “politico pub­lished a piece fri­day claim­ing carson’s cam­paign ‘admits fab­ri­cat­ing’ the fact that he applied and was admit­ted to west point.” so they go to the west point spokes­babe today and she says, “no, we had no appli­ca­tion. he didn’t apply, and he cer­tainly didn’t attend here.” so they clearly want igno­rant, impres­sion­able, unin­formed read­ers to think that ben carson’s out there writ­ing in his book that he went to west point and that the politico today has uncov­ered the fact that he didn’t. and do you want to know how suc­cess­ful this is? i’m not gonna men­tion any names here. in the open­ing seg­ment of this pro­gram, i’m going through exactly what i just told you here, and some­body on the other side of the glass shouted to me, “it doesn’t mat­ter, he’s toast! the truth doesn’t mat­ter. he’s toast.” and this might be true if car­son was a reg­u­lar pol but if you think a fel­low who has spent hours fight­ing for the lives of kids con­sid­ered doomed was going to just give up they were quite mis­taken. car­son called the story “an out­right lie” amer­i­can ele­phant put it well so, ben car­son is now the first black pres­i­den­tial can­di­date in his­tory to have his col­lege records inves­ti­gated by media. — amer­i­can ele­phant (@americnelephant) novem­ber 6, 2015 and lo and behold within a few hours politico had already edited their story (with­out men­tion­ing the edits) and cnn was putting out a story titled “where politico’s ben car­son ‘scoop’ went wrong” the rewrit­ten arti­cle did not ini­tially include a cor­rec­tion or editor’s note, although a note was later added on fri­day. politico again said it “stands by its reporting.” of course by the time these cor­rec­tions were pro­mul­gated the low info vot­ers who don’t fol­low the news or see the cor­rec­tions will have the back­ground noise of “ben car­son lied” added into things “every­body knows.” take a look at the press con­fer­ence below and remem­ber the pri­mary sub­ject of these ques­tions are con­cern­ing a din­ner he attended at age 18. now some might say, hey this guy is run­ning for pres­i­dent of the united states, this isn’t soft­ball, he’s got to demon­strate that he can stand up and take it. how­ever that very evening we saw a very dif­fer­ent press event for democrats… 2 . msnbc invites the hillary clin­ton & co over to play softball at 8 pm fri­day evening msnbc broad­cast the first in the south demo­c­rat forum fea­tur­ing mar­tin o’malley, bernie sanders and hillary clinton. the con­trast was quite striking. unlike the com­bat­ive cnbc, fox & cnn debates the demo­c­rat can­di­dates appeared one at a time with­out wor­ry­ing about being chal­lenged by their opponents unlike the cnbc debate and the scrum around ben car­son ear­lier in the day. rather than fac­ing con­fronta­tional ques­tions from polit­i­cal oppo­nents like ben car­son and the gop cnbc debaters did the demo­c­rat can­di­dates faced ques­tions from rachel mad­dow the most lib­eral of hosts on msnbc all based on affirm­ing their world­view rather than chal­leng­ing it. and while mr. carson’s words at a din­ner at age 18 were con­sid­ered rel­e­vant nei­ther this story which broke this morn­ing: a day after assum­ing office as sec­re­tary of state, clin­ton signed a sen­si­tive com­part­mented infor­ma­tion nondis­clo­sure agree­ment that laid out crim­i­nal penal­ties for “any unau­tho­rized dis­clo­sure” of clas­si­fied information. experts have guessed that clin­ton signed such an agree­ment, but a copy of her spe­cific con­tract, obtained by the com­pet­i­tive enter­prise insti­tute through an open records request and shared with the wash­ing­ton free bea­con, reveals for the first time the exact lan­guage of the nda. nor he con­tra­dic­tory expla­na­tions con­cern­ing the cause of the beng­hazi attack. an email released by the house select com­mit­tee on beng­hazi sat­ur­day sug­gests hillary clinton’s state depart­ment was advised to tell two dif­fer­ent sto­ries about what sparked the 2012 beng­hazi ter­ror attack: one to the u.s., and another in libya. both which took place while sec­re­tary of state in this admin­is­tra­tion were not news­wor­thy enough to elicit a ques­tion on the topic from miss mad­dow. here is one of the questions now you might say that it’s the job of the press to exam­ine the words of a top tier gop can­di­date like ben car­son and you might also say that at the demo­c­rat forum rachel mad­dow asked some ques­tions of real sub­stance, par­tic­u­larly the one on the tech indus­try & in both cases you would be right… …how­ever if i was a can­di­date like ted cruz, who was roundly attacked for con­trast­ing the way democ­rats and repub­li­cans are treated by the press and ridiculed by megyn kelly for sug­gest­ing that per­haps the gop should have it’s debates mod­er­ated by peo­ple who actu­ally vote in gop elec­tions the next time some­one ques­tioned either of these state­ments and asked why he’s spend­ing his time talk­ing about media cov­er­age i’d hand them a dvd of the media cov­er­age of novem­ber 6th 2015 and answer: this is why. **************************************************************************** the only pay i get for this work comes from you. my goal for 2015 is $22,000 and to date we’re only at $4400 given that fact i would i ask you to please con­sider hit­ting datipjar. [olimome­ter id=14] that gets all the bills paid. con­sider sub­scrib­ing 100 sub­scribers at $20 a month will get the job done and then some. choose a sub­scrip­tion level beanie : $2.00 usd - weekly cap : $10.00 usd - monthly hat : $20.00 usd - monthly fedora : $25.00 usd - monthly grand fedora : $100.00 usd - monthly addi­tion­ally our sub­scribers get our pod­cast emailed directly to them before it show up any­where else. i know you can get the msm for noth­ing, but that’s pretty much what most of them are worth.

ˈmɔrgən ənd aɪ wɛnt ənd sɔ ðə fɪlm breɪv ˈrisəntli. aɪ θɔt ɪt wɑz gʊd, ˈmeɪbi wərθ ə ˈsɛkənd siɪŋ ˈivɪn. ɪt wɑz ˈsərtənli ˈprɪti. ənd ˈæftər twɛlv (twɛlv!) fɪlmz ɪn ə roʊ baɪ ˈpɪksɑr wɛr ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkɛrɪktər wɑz meɪl (doʊnt gɪv mi ðə "ðə incredibles*" hæd ðə mɑm ənd ˈdɔtər ˈkɛrɪktərz ˈiðər... ðoʊz wər meɪn ˈkɛrɪktərz, bət ðɛr wɑz ə ˌdɪˈsaɪdədli "ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkɛrɪktər" ənd ðət ˈpərsən wɑz nɑt ə ˈwʊmən), ɪt wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə raɪt fɪlm tɪ meɪk. ɪt teɪks ə stænd əv sɔrts: ˈwɪmən kən bi ˈhɪroʊz tu, ʃʊd bi fri tɪ meɪk ðɛr oʊn dɪˈsɪʒənz ənd sɛt ðɛr oʊn laɪf dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz, ənd ˈmænɪʤɪz tɪ seɪ ɔl ðɪs ˈklinli wɪˈθaʊt ˈfilɪŋ æt ɔl laɪk ɪt bit ju ˈoʊvər ðə hɛd. soʊ əm glæd fɪlmz laɪk ðɪs ər biɪŋ meɪd, ənd ˈgɪvɪn lɔŋ ˈpɪriəd əv ˈnɛglɪʤəns, ɪt wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə raɪt fɪlm fər ðɛm tɪ ˈfaɪnəli meɪk. ðət sɛd, hɪrz maɪ ˈwəri: soʊ, greɪt, ˈpɪksɑr meɪd ə fɪlm ðæts gʊd, ənd ˈlɑrʤli əˈbaʊt haʊ ju kən bi ə ˈwʊmən ənd ə ˈhɪroʊ. naʊ ðət wiv ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðət, wɪl wi hæv ˈəðər fɪlmz əˈbaʊt ˈwɪmən ˈhɪroʊz wɪθ ðət ˈpriˌtɛkst ɪˈstæblɪʃt? əm ˈwərid ðət ˈiðər wi woʊnt si ˈɛni ("heɪ, wi hɪt ɑr fɪlmz əˈbaʊt ˈwɪmən kˈwoʊtə ˈɛniˌweɪ, raɪt?"), ər ðɛr wɪl bi ə lɔŋ ənd draɪ spɛl əv noʊ fɪlmz wɛr ə ˈwʊmən ɪz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkɛrɪktər, ənd ðɛn wi gɪt əˈnəðər wən ðət stɛps aʊt ənd riˈmaɪndz ˈjuˈɛs, "oʊ heɪ jæ, baɪ ðə weɪ, ˈwɪmən kən bi ˈɔsəm ˈhɪroʊz tu! doʊnt fərˈgɛt əˈbaʊt ðət!" wət əm traɪɪŋ tɪ seɪ hir ɪz: waɪ ˈɑrənt ðɛr mɔr fɪlmz wɛr ˈwɪmən ʤɪst ər ˈhɪroʊz? kən wi gɪt tɪ ðə pɔɪnt wɛr ðə ˈpriˌtɛkst ðət ˈwɪmən kən bi ˈhɪroʊz ɪz ɪˈstæblɪʃt ənd ðeɪ ʤɪst... ər? ðɪs ˈɪzənt ðə fərst taɪm aɪv ˈmɛnʃənd ðɪs; ɪn fækt wɪn aɪ fərst sɔ ðə ˈtreɪlər fər breɪv, aɪ meɪd ˈsɪmələr ˈkɑmɛnts: bit ðɛm tɪ ɪt ðoʊ. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ fil laɪk ðə weɪ dɪd ɪt wɑz bɛst: ə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkɛrɪktər hu ʤɪst wɑz ˈɔsəm, wɪˈθaʊt ˈivɪn ə ˈʤɛndər ˈbætəl ˈbækˌdrɑp. (ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ˈpeɪtriˌɑrki ɪz gʊd, bət ə steɪt wɛr ˈfiˌmeɪl lidz ər ʤɪst ˈɔsəm frəm ðə ənd wɪr nɑt ˈivɪn kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ðət ɪz ˈbɛtər.)" dɛb ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ðə ˈkɛrɪktər əv ɪz ˈmeɪbi nɑt ðə bɛst ɪgˈzæmpəl ɛz tɪ ˈpɑsəbli biɪŋ ə bɪt tu "ʃeɪpt fər djudz tɪ lʊk æt" ɪn ðət "ɪt wʊd bi kaɪnd əv ˈrædɪkəl fər ə ˈpəʤi, ˈɔkwərd gərl tɪ bi ˈʧoʊzən ɪn ə ˈfænəsi ˈstɔri ˈɛvəri soʊ ˈɔfən". ðət sɛd, aɪ wɑz glæd ðət ə fri ˈkəlʧər fɪlm bit aʊt ɪn ˈpʊtɪŋ aʊt ə fɪlm wɛr ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkɛrɪktər wɑz ə ˈwʊmən, ənd ðət ʃi wɑz ʤɪst ˈɔsəm ənd hæd ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈstɔri ənd ədˈvɛnʧər wɪˈθaʊt ˈnidɪŋ tɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ɪt. ɪts nɑt ðət ðiz fɪlmz doʊnt gɪt meɪd, ˈivɪn ɪn ðə ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd wərld; aɪ kən θɪŋk əv ə fju ɪgˈzæmpəlz: ˈspɪrɪtəd əˈweɪ, ənd ðə ˈtrɪpləts əv bəlˈvɪl (ˈprɑbəˌbli maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt fɪlm ˈɛvər, wɪθ ə greɪt əˈmaʊnt əv ədˈvɛnʧər ənd ə ˈvɛri ˌnɑntrəˈdɪʃənəl "ˈhɪroʊ" əv sɔrts ɪn ðə ˈgrændˌməðər (tænˈʤɛnʃəli ðə wərd "ˈhɪroʊ" ɪz nɑt ˈrɪli greɪt ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, aɪ ˈrɪli min "ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkɛrɪktər" ər "ˈkɛrɪktər əv ˈfoʊkɪs", bət ðoʊz saʊnd ə bɪt bɪˈleɪbərd tɪ seɪ)). ənd ɔn ðə fri ˈkəlʧər ɛnd əv θɪŋz, tub ɪz nɑt aʊt jɛt, bət wɪl səkˈsid aɪ θɪŋk hir. bət ˈɛniˌweɪ, ðiz fɪlmz sim spɑrs. soʊ aɪd laɪk tɪ si mɔr fɪlmz, əˈspɛʃəli ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd fɪlmz, ðət doʊnt fɪt ðə leɪm ɪn dɪˈstrɛs" ˈɑrkɪˌtaɪp bət ðət hæv strɔŋ ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkɛrɪktərz. ənd ðɛr meɪ jɛt stɪl bi ə roʊl fər fɪlmz laɪk breɪv (ər ɪn ðə 1990s*) ðət traɪ əˈsərt ˈklɪrli ðət ˈwɪmən kən bi ˈɔsəm. bət aɪ hoʊp ðæts nɑt ən ənˈfɔrʧənət ðət gɪts dɪˈvɛləpt... du wi ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ tiʧ ɑr jəŋ gərlz "ju kən bi ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ju wɔnt, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ɪts ə ˈwʊmən hu pruvz ðət ju kən bi ˈɛniˌwən ju wɔnt ɛz ə ˈwʊmən?" wət əm ˈhoʊpɪŋ, ˈbeɪsɪkli, ɪz ðət mɔr fɪlmz ˈrɪli ənd ˈtruli əkˈsɛpt ðə ˈprɛmɪs ðət ðiz fɪlmz ər traɪɪŋ tɪ pʊt daʊn. kən wi gɪt tɪ ðə pɔɪnt wɛr wiv ˈsɪmpli əˈgrid ɔn ðɪs, ənd hæv ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv fɪlmz ðət ˈsɪmpli hæv ˈkɛrɪktərz duɪŋ ˈɔsəm θɪŋz, ðoʊz ˈkɛrɪktərz ər ˈwɪmən, ənd wiv ækˈsɛptɪd ðət ɛz ʤɪst biɪŋ ˈnɔrməl? bɪˈkəz aɪ θɪŋk ðət wʊd ˈrɪli bi ə prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈmɛsɪʤ fər fˈjuʧər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz. ər, ju noʊ, wi kʊd ˌdɪˈsaɪd ðɪs fɪlm hɪt ɑr "seɪ ðət ˈwɪmən kən bi ˈɔsəm" kˈwoʊtə, ənd goʊ bæk tɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ fɪlmz wɛr ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkɛrɪktərz ər ˈɔlˌweɪz djudz.

morgan and i went and saw the film brave recently. i thought it was good, maybe worth a second seeing even. it was certainly pretty. and after twelve (twelve!) films in a row by pixar where the primary character was male (don't give me the "the incredibles" had the mom and daughter characters either... those were main characters, but there was a decidedly "primary character" and that person was not a woman), it was probably the right film to make. it takes a stand of sorts: women can be heroes too, should be free to make their own decisions and set their own life directions, and manages to say all this cleanly without feeling at all like it beat you over the head. so i'm glad films like this are being made, and given pixar's long period of negligence, it was probably the right film for them to finally make. that said, here's my worry: so, great, pixar made a film that's good, and largely about how you can be a woman and a hero. now that we've established that, will we have other films about women heroes with that pretext established? i'm worried that either we won't see any ("hey, we hit our films about women quota anyway, right?"), or there will be a long and dry spell of no films where a woman is the primary character, and then we get another one that steps out and reminds us, "oh hey yeah, by the way, women can be awesome heroes too! don't forget about that!" what i'm trying to say here is: why aren't there more films where women just are heroes? can we get to the point where the pretext that women can be heroes is established and they just... are? this isn't the first time i've mentioned this; in fact when i first saw the trailer for brave, i made similar comments: "sintel beat them to it though. i also feel like the way sintel did it was best: a female character who just was awesome, without even a gender battle backdrop. (challenging patriarchy is good, but a state where female leads are just awesome from the get-go and we're not even questioning that is better.)" deb pointed out that the character of sintel is maybe not the best example as to possibly being a bit too "shaped for dudes to look at" in that "it would be kind of radical for a pudgy, awkward girl to be chosen in a fantasy story every so often". that said, i was glad that a free culture film beat out pixar/dreamworks/etc in putting out a film where the primary character was a woman, and that she was just awesome and had an interesting story and adventure without needing to justify it. it's not that these films don't get made, even in the animated world; i can think of a few examples: spirited away, and the triplets of belleville (probably my favorite film ever, with a great amount of adventure and a very non-traditional "hero" of sorts in the grandmother (tangentially the word "hero" is not really great in this article, i really mean "primary character" or "character of focus", but those sound a bit belabored to say)). and on the free culture end of things, tube is not out yet, but will succeed i think here. but anyway, these films seem sparse. so i'd like to see more films, especially animated films, that don't fit the lame "princess"/"damsel in distress" archetype but that have strong female characters. and there may yet still be a role for films like brave (or mulan in the 1990s) that try assert clearly that women can be awesome. but i hope that's not an unfortunate trope that gets developed... do we really want to teach our young girls "you can be anything you want, as long as it's a woman who proves that you can be anyone you want as a woman?" what i'm hoping, basically, is that more films really and truly accept the premise that these films are trying to put down. can we get to the point where we've simply agreed on this, and have a large number of films that simply have characters doing awesome things, those characters are women, and we've accepted that as just being normal? because i think that would really be a progressive message for future generations. or, you know, we could decide this film hit our "say that women can be awesome" quota, and go back to making films where the primary characters are always dudes.

ðə dɪˈsaɪsɪv ˈbætəl ˈɛndɪŋ ðə rɪˈvoʊlt tʊk pleɪs ɪn ˈroʊmən ˈbrɪtən ɪn æd 60 ər 61 bɪtˈwin ən əˈlaɪəns əv ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈpipəlz lɛd baɪ ənd ə ˈroʊmən ˈɑrmi lɛd baɪ paulinus*. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈhɛvəli ˌaʊtˈnəmbərd, ðə ˈroʊmənz dɪˈsaɪsɪvli dɪˈfitɪd ðə ˈæˌlaɪd traɪbz, ˌɪnˈflɪktɪŋ ˈhɛvi ˈlɔsɪz ɔn ðɛm. ðə ˈbætəl mɑrkt ðə ɛnd əv rɪˈzɪstəns tɪ ˈroʊmən rul ɪn ˈbrɪtən ɪn ðə ˈsəðərn hæf əv ðə ˈaɪlənd, ə ˈpɪriəd ðət ˈlæstɪd ənˈtɪl 410 hɪˈstɔriənz ər dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn ˈroʊmən hɪˈstɔriənz ənd fər ðə ˈoʊnli əˈkaʊnts əv ðə ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ˈbætəlˌfild ɪz nɑt noʊn, moʊst hɪˈstɔriənz pleɪs ɪt bɪtˈwin ənd ɪn ʃˈrɑpˌʃaɪr), ɔn ðə ˈroʊmən roʊd naʊ noʊn ɛz ˈwɔtəlɪŋ strit. ðɪs neɪm fər ðə roʊd ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd ɪn taɪmz, ðəs ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈmɑdərn neɪm əv ðə ˈbætəl (ˈbætəl əv ˈwɔtəlɪŋ strit) ɪz əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk ənd ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv ˈɛvədəns, ˈspɛkjələtɪv. ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðə roʊd ðət bɪˈkeɪm noʊn ɛz ˈwɔtəlɪŋ strit wɑz ˈklɪrli ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt strəˈtiʤɪk ˈɛləmənt ɪn ðə kæmˈpeɪn ðət lɛd tɪ ðə ˈbætəl. ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈɛdət ɪn 43 æd roʊm ˌɪnˈveɪdɪd ˌsaʊˈθistərn ðə ˈkɑŋkwɛst wɑz ˈgræʤuəl. waɪl səm ˈkɪŋdəmz wər dɪˈfitɪd ˌmɪləˈtɛrəli ənd ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd, ˈəðərz rɪˈmeɪnd ˈnɑmənəli ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ɛz ˈælaɪz əv ðə ˈroʊmən wən səʧ ˈpipəl wɑz ðə ɪn wət ɪz naʊ ˈnɔrfək. ðɛr kɪŋ, prasutagus*, θɔt hi hæd sɪˈkjʊrd hɪz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns baɪ ˈlivɪŋ hɪz lændz ˈʤɔɪntli tɪ hɪz ˈdɔtərz ənd tɪ ðə ˈroʊmən ˈɛmpərər, ˈnɪroʊ, ɪn hɪz wɪl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪn hi daɪd, ɪn 61 ər ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr, hɪz wɪl wɑz ˌɪgˈnɔrd. ðə ˈroʊmənz sizd hɪz lændz ənd ˈvaɪələntli hjuˈmɪliˌeɪtɪd hɪz ˈfæməli: hɪz ˈwɪdoʊ,, wɑz ənd ðɛr ˈdɔtərz ˈroʊmən ˌfɪnənˈsɪrz kɔld ɪn ðɛr wɪn ðə ˈroʊmən ˈgəvərnər əv ˈbrɪtən, paulinus*, wɑz kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈaɪlənd əv ˈmoʊnə (anglesey*, nɔrθ ðə ˈæˌlaɪd wɪθ ðɛr ˈneɪbərz ðə trinovantes*, huz ˈfɔrmər ˈkæpɪtəl, (colchester*), wɑz naʊ ə ˈkɑləni fər ˈroʊmən ˈvɛtərənz. tɪ æd ˌɪnˈsəlt tɪ ˈɪnʤəri, ðə ˈroʊmənz hæd ɪˈrɛktɪd ə juʤ ˈtɛmpəl tɪ ˈfɔrmər ˈɛmpərər ˈklɔdiəs ɪn ðə ˈsɪti, bɪlt æt ˈloʊkəl ɪkˈspɛns. ðə ˈrɛbəlz dɪˈsɛndɪd ɔn ənd dɪˈstrɔɪd ɪt, ˈkɪlɪŋ ɔl ðoʊz hu kʊd nɑt ənd hər ˈɑrmi ˈhɛdɪd fər (ˈləndən). soʊ dɪd ənd ə smɔl ˈpɔrʃən əv hɪz ˈɑrmi bət, ərˈaɪvɪŋ əˈhɛd əv ðə ˈrɛbəlz, hi kənˈkludɪd hi dɪd nɑt hæv ðə ˈnəmbərz tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ənd ˈɔrdərd ðə ˈsɪti ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt wɑz əˈtækt., tu, wɑz bərnt tɪ ðə graʊnd ənd ðə ˈroʊmən hɪˈstɔriən kleɪmz ˈɛvəri ˌɪnˈhæbɪtənt hu kʊd nɑt gɪt əˈweɪ wɑz waɪl ˈɑrmi kənˈtɪnjud ɪts əˈsɔlt ɪn (st*. ˈælbænz), riˈgrupt hɪz ˈfɔrsɪz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, hi əˈmæst ə fɔrs ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hɪz oʊn gɛˈminə, pɑrts əv ðə vəˈliriə ənd ˈɛni əˈveɪləbəl auxiliaries*, ə ˈtoʊtəl əv ə θərd ˈliʤən, əˈgəstə, nɪr ˈɛksɪtər, feɪld tɪ ʤɔɪn ə fɔrθ, hispana*, hæd bɪn ˈrutɪd traɪɪŋ tɪ rɪˈliv ˈbætəl ˈɛdət ˈhjuʤli ˌaʊtˈnəmbərd, hæd ˈʧoʊzən hɪz ˈbætəlˌgraʊnd ˈkɛrfəli. hi səˈlɛktɪd ə ˈnɛroʊ gɔrʤ wɪθ ə ˈfɔrɪst bɪˈhaɪnd ɪm, ˈoʊpənɪŋ aʊt ˈɪntu ə waɪd pleɪn. ðə gɔrʤ prəˈtɛktɪd ðə ˈroʊmən flæŋks frəm əˈtæk, waɪl ðə ˈfɔrɪst wʊd ˌɪmˈpid əˈproʊʧ frəm ðə rɪr. ðɪs wʊd hæv prɪˈvɛnɪd frəm ˈbrɪŋɪŋ kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈfɔrsɪz tɪ bɛr ɔn ðə ˈroʊmən pəˈzɪʃən, ənd ðə ˈoʊpən pleɪn ɪn frənt meɪd ˈæmbʊʃɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl. pleɪst hɪz ˈliʤəˌnɛriz ɪn kloʊz ˈɔrdər, wɪθ ˈɪnfəntri ɔn ðə flæŋks ənd ˈkævəlri ɔn ðə baɪ baɪ ˈtɑməs dɪˈpɪktɪŋ wɪθ hər ˈdɔtərz ɪn ðɛr ˈʧɛriət ɛz ʃi ˈæˈdrɛsɪz trups ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈbætəl. ɛz ðɛr ˈɑrmiz dɪˈplɔɪd, ðə kəˈmændərz wʊd hæv sɔt tɪ ˈmoʊtəˌveɪt ðɛr ˈsoʊlʤərz., hu roʊt əv ðə ˈbætəl mɔr ðən 50 jɪrz ˈleɪtər, kleɪmz tɪ rɪˈleɪt spiʧ tɪ hər ˈfɑloʊərz: "'bət naʊ,' ʃi sɛd, 'ɪt ɪz nɑt ɛz ə ˈwʊmən dɪˈsɛndɪd frəm ˈnoʊbəl ˈænsɛstri, bət ɛz wən əv ðə ˈpipəl ðət aɪ æm əˈvɛnʤɪŋ lɔst ˈfridəm, maɪ skərʤd ˈbɑdi, ðə ˈaʊˌtreɪʤd ˈʧæstəti əv maɪ ˈdɔtərz. ˈroʊmən ləst həz gɔn soʊ fɑr ðət nɑt ɑr ˈvɛri ˈpərsənz, nɔr ˈivɪn eɪʤ ər vərˈʤɪnɪti, ər lɛft unpolluted*. bət ˈhɛvən ɪz ɔn ðə saɪd əv ə ˈraɪʧəs ˈvɛnʤəns; ə ˈliʤən wɪʧ dɛrd tɪ faɪt həz ˈpɛrɪʃt; ðə rɛst ər ˈhaɪdɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn ðɛr kæmp, ər ər ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ˈæŋkʃəsli əv flaɪt. ðeɪ wɪl nɑt səˈsteɪn ˈivɪn ðə dɪn ənd ðə ʃaʊt əv soʊ ˈmɛni ˈθaʊzənz, məʧ lɛs ɑr ʧɑrʤ ənd ɑr bloʊz. ɪf ju weɪ wɛl ðə strɛŋθ əv ðə ˈɑrmiz, ənd ðə ˈkɔzɪz əv ðə wɔr, ju wɪl si ðət ɪn ðɪs ˈbætəl ju məst ˈkɑŋkər ər daɪ. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈwʊmənz riˈzɑlv; ɛz fər mɛn, ðeɪ meɪ lɪv ənd bi ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈbrɪtənz ˈgæðərd ɪn kənˈsɪdərəbəl fɔrs, ðeɪ ər sɛd tɪ hæv bɪn ˈpurli ɪkˈwɪpt, ɛz ðə hæd bɪn dɪˈsɑrmd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ðeɪ pleɪst ðɛr ˈwægən treɪn ɪn ə ˈkrɛsənt æt ðɛr ɛnd əv ðə fild, frəm wɪʧ pɔɪnt ðɛr ˈfæməliz kʊd wɔʧ wət ðeɪ meɪ hæv ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ən ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ tu ʤərˈmænɪk ˈlidərz, əv ðə ənd əv ðə suebi*, ər ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ hæv dən ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɪn ðɛr ˈbætəlz əˈgɛnst ˈmɑriəs ənd ˈʤuljəs ˈsizər, ˈɔlsoʊ roʊt əv æˈdrɛsɪŋ hɪz ˈliʤəˌnɛriz: "ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə ˈrækɪt meɪd baɪ ðiz ˈsævɪʤɪz. ðɛr ər mɔr ˈwɪmən ðən mɛn ɪn ðɛr ræŋks. ðeɪ ər nɑt nɑt ˈivɪn ˈprɑpərli ɪkˈwɪpt. wiv ˈbitən ðɛm ˌbiˈfɔr ənd wɪn ðeɪ si ɑr ˈwɛpənz ənd fil ɑr ˈspɪrɪt, ðɛl kræk. stɪk təˈgɛðər. θroʊ ðə javelins*, ðɛn pʊʃ ˈfɔrwərd: nɑk ðɛm daʊn wɪθ jʊr ʃildz ənd ˈfɪnɪʃ ðɛm ɔf wɪθ jʊr sɔrdz. fərˈgɛt əˈbaʊt ˈpləndər. ʤɪst wɪn ənd jul hæv ˌɔlˈðoʊ, laɪk ˈmɛni hɪˈstɔriənz əv hɪz deɪ, wɑz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛnt stərɪŋ ˈspiʧɪz fər səʧ ɔˈkeɪʒənz,' spiʧ hir ɪz ənˈjuˌʒuəli blənt ənd ˈpræktɪkəl.' ˈfɑðərɪnˌlɔ, ðə fˈjuʧər ˈgəvərnər ˈʤuljəs ˌægrɪˈkoʊlə, wɑz ɔn' stæf æt ðə taɪm ənd meɪ hæv ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪt ˈfɛrli lɛd hər ˈɑrmi ˈfɔrwərd əˈkrɔs ðə pleɪn ənd ˈɪntu ðə ˈnɛroʊɪŋ fild ɪn ə ˈmæsɪv ˈfrəntəl əˈtæk. ɛz ðeɪ ədˈvænst, ðeɪ wər ˈʧænəld ˈɪntu ə ˈtaɪtli pækt mæs. ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈbrɪtənz gɑt ˈɪntu kloʊz ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðɛr ˈɛnəmiz, ðə ˈroʊmənz θru ðɛr pila*, ə taɪp əv ˈʤævəlɪn, tɪ kət daʊn səm əv ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ˈbrɪtənz ənd tɪ ˈdæmɪʤ ðə ʃildz əv ðə ˈəðərz, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðɛm tɪ dɪˈskɑrd ðɛr ʃildz ənd liv ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪkˈspoʊzd. wɪn ðə ˈroʊmənz hæd ɪgˈzɔstɪd ðɛr ˈmɪsəlz, ðeɪ rəʃt aʊt ənd mɑrʧt ˈfɔrwərd ɪn ə ˈtaɪtli pækt ˈkɑləm. ðə ˈroʊmənz, wɪθ ə klɪr ædˈvæntɪʤ ɪn ˈɑrmər, ˈwɛpənz ənd ˈdɪsəplən, hæd ə dɪˈsaɪsɪv ædˈvæntɪʤ ɪn ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈtaɪtli pækt ˈbrɪtənz. ðə ˈroʊmən ˈkævəlri, ɪkˈstɛndɪd, ðɛn ˈɛnərd ðə ˈbætəl. ɛz ðə ˈbrɪtənz' ˈlɔsɪz ˌɪnˈkrist ðeɪ traɪd tɪ riˈtrit, bət ðɛr flaɪt wɑz blɑkt baɪ ðə rɪŋ əv ˈwægənz ənd ðeɪ wər ˈmæsəkərd. ðə ˈroʊmənz kɪld nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə ˈwɔrjərz bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈwɪmən, ˈʧɪldrən, ənd ˈivɪn pæk ˈænəməlz. rɪˈleɪts ə ˈrumər ðət ˈbrɪtənz fɛl əˈgɛnst ðə lɔs əv ˈoʊnli 400 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈfɪgjərz kˈwoʊtɪd fər ðə kæmˈpeɪn ɪn ðə ˈeɪnʧənt ˈsɔrsəz ər rɪˈgɑrdɪd baɪ ˈmɑdərn hɪˈstɔriənz ɛz ɪz sɛd baɪ tɪ hæv ˈpɔɪzənd sɪz ʃi fɛl ɪl, daɪd ənd wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ə ˈlævɪʃ postumus*, ˈpriˌfɛkt əv ðə ˈliʤən, wɪʧ hæd feɪld tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˈbætəl (ðəs ˈrɑbɪŋ hɪz mɛn əv ə ʃɛr əv ðə ˈglɔri), kəˈmɪtɪd ˈsuɪˌsaɪd baɪ ˈfɑlɪŋ ɔn hɪz loʊˈkeɪʃən ˈɛdət ðə saɪt əv ðə ˈbætəl ɪz nɑt aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd baɪ ˈiðər hɪˈstɔriən, ˌɔlˈðoʊ gɪvz ə brif ə waɪd vərˈaɪəti əv saɪts, ɔl kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ən ˈɑrmi əˈtækɪŋ frəm ðə ˈɛriə əv ˈləndən təˈwɔrd ðə ˈroʊmən ˈfɔrsɪz ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪtɪŋ frəm ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ˈkɔrnwɔl ənd weɪlz, həz bɪn səˈʤɛstɪd. wən ˈlɛʤənd ˈpleɪsɪz ɪt æt ˈbætəl brɪʤ roʊd ɪn kɪŋz krɔs, ˈləndən, ˌɔlˈðoʊ frəm ˈrɛdɪŋ ɪt ɪz ənˈlaɪkli rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə ˈsɪti. moʊst hɪˈstɔriənz ˈfeɪvər pəˈtɛnʃəl loʊˈkeɪʃən saɪts ɪn ðə ˈmɪˌdlændz, ˈprɑbəˌbli əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈroʊmən roʊd bɪtˈwin ənd), wɪʧ bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈwɔtəlɪŋ strit ənd ˈsəbsəkwəntli ðə ˈplɔzəbəl səˈʤɛsʧənz ˌɪnˈklud; ˈæftərˌmæθ ˈɛdət ɪt ɪz sɛd ðət ðə ˈɛmpərər ˈnɪroʊ wɑz soʊ ˈʃeɪkən baɪ ðiz ɪˈvɛnts ðət hi kənˈsɪdərd wɪθˈdrɔɪŋ frəm ˈbrɪtən bət wɪθ ðə rɪˈvoʊlt brɔt tɪ ə dɪˈsaɪsɪv ɛnd, ðə ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən əv ˈbrɪtən kənˈtɪnjud. ˈfɪrɪŋ' ˈpjunətɪv ˈpɑləsiz wʊd prəˈvoʊk ˈfərðər rɪˈbɛljən, ˈnɪroʊ ˌriˈpleɪst ɪm wɪθ ðə mɔr kənˈsɪˌliəˌtɔri ðə dɪˈfit əv ɪnˈʃʊrd ˈroʊmən rul ɪn ˈsəðərn ˈbrɪtən; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈnɔrðərn ˈbrɪtən rɪˈmeɪnd ˈvɑlətəl. ɪn æd 69 venutius*, ə ˈnoʊbəl, wʊd lɛd əˈnəðər lɛs wɛl ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd rɪˈvoʊlt, ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ɛz ə ˈtraɪbəl ˈraɪvəlri bət sun bɪˈkəmɪŋ

the decisive battle ending the boudican revolt took place in roman britain in ad 60 or 61 between an alliance of indigenous british peoples led by boudica and a roman army led by gaius suetonius paulinus. although heavily outnumbered, the romans decisively defeated the allied tribes, inflicting heavy losses on them. the battle marked the end of resistance to roman rule in britain in the southern half of the island, a period that lasted until 410 ad.[3] historians are dependent on roman historians tacitus and dio cassius for the only accounts of the battle.[4] the location of the battlefield is not known, most historians place it between londinium and viroconium (wroxeter in shropshire), on the roman road now known as watling street. this name for the road originated in anglo-saxon times, thus the alternative modern name of the battle (battle of watling street) is anachronistic and in the absence of evidence, speculative. however the road that became known as watling street was clearly a significant strategic element in the campaign that led to the battle. background [ edit ] in 43 ad rome invaded southeastern britain.[5] the conquest was gradual. while some kingdoms were defeated militarily and occupied, others remained nominally independent as allies of the roman empire.[6] one such people was the iceni in what is now norfolk. their king, prasutagus, thought he had secured his independence by leaving his lands jointly to his daughters and to the roman emperor, nero, in his will. however, when he died, in 61 or shortly before, his will was ignored. the romans seized his lands and violently humiliated his family: his widow, boudica, was flogged and their daughters raped.[7] roman financiers called in their loans.[8] when the roman governor of britain, gaius suetonius paulinus, was campaigning on the island of mona (anglesey, north wales),[9] the iceni allied with their neighbours the trinovantes, whose former capital, camulodunum (colchester), was now a colony for roman veterans. to add insult to injury, the romans had erected a huge temple to former emperor claudius in the city, built at local expense. the rebels descended on camulodunum and destroyed it, killing all those who could not escape.[10] boudica and her army headed for londinium (london). so did suetonius and a small portion of his army but, arriving ahead of the rebels, he concluded he did not have the numbers to defend londinium and ordered the city evacuated before it was attacked. londinium, too, was burnt to the ground and the roman historian tacitus claims every inhabitant who could not get away was killed.[11] while boudica's army continued its assault in verulamium (st. albans), suetonius regrouped his forces. according to tacitus, he amassed a force including his own legio xiv gemina, parts of the xx valeria victrix and any available auxiliaries, a total of 10,000 men.[12] a third legion, ii augusta, near exeter, failed to join him;[13] a fourth, ix hispana, had been routed trying to relieve camulodunum.[14] battle [ edit ] hugely outnumbered, suetonius had chosen his battleground carefully. he selected a narrow gorge with a forest behind him, opening out into a wide plain. the gorge protected the roman flanks from attack, while the forest would impede approach from the rear. this would have prevented boudica from bringing considerable forces to bear on the roman position, and the open plain in front made ambushes impossible. suetonius placed his legionaries in close order, with auxilia infantry on the flanks and cavalry on the wings.[14] boadicea by by thomas thornycroft , depicting boudica with her daughters in their chariot as she addresses troops before the battle. as their armies deployed, the commanders would have sought to motivate their soldiers. tacitus, who wrote of the battle more than 50 years later, claims to relate boudica's speech to her followers: "'but now,' she said, 'it is not as a woman descended from noble ancestry, but as one of the people that i am avenging lost freedom, my scourged body, the outraged chastity of my daughters. roman lust has gone so far that not our very persons, nor even age or virginity, are left unpolluted. but heaven is on the side of a righteous vengeance; a legion which dared to fight has perished; the rest are hiding themselves in their camp, or are thinking anxiously of flight. they will not sustain even the din and the shout of so many thousands, much less our charge and our blows. if you weigh well the strength of the armies, and the causes of the war, you will see that in this battle you must conquer or die. this is a woman's resolve; as for men, they may live and be slaves.'"[15] although the britons gathered in considerable force, they are said to have been poorly equipped, as the iceni had been disarmed before the rebellion.[4] they placed their wagon train in a crescent at their end of the field, from which point their families could watch what they may have expected to be an overwhelming victory.[12] two germanic leaders, boiorix of the cimbri and ariovistus of the suebi, are reported to have done the same thing in their battles against gaius marius and julius caesar, respectively.[16] tacitus also wrote of suetonius addressing his legionaries: "ignore the racket made by these savages. there are more women than men in their ranks. they are not soldiers—they're not even properly equipped. we've beaten them before and when they see our weapons and feel our spirit, they'll crack. stick together. throw the javelins, then push forward: knock them down with your shields and finish them off with your swords. forget about plunder. just win and you'll have everything."[17] although tacitus, like many historians of his day, was given to invent stirring speeches for such occasions, suetonius' speech here is unusually blunt and practical. tacitus' father-in-law, the future governor gnaeus julius agricola, was on suetonius' staff at the time and may have reported it fairly accurately.[18] boudica led her army forward across the plain and into the narrowing field in a massive frontal attack. as they advanced, they were channeled into a tightly packed mass. just before the britons got into close contact with their enemies, the romans threw their pila, a type of javelin, to cut down some of the charging britons and to damage the shields of the others, forcing them to discard their shields and leave themselves exposed. when the romans had exhausted their missiles, they rushed out and marched forward in a tightly packed wedge-like column. the romans, with a clear advantage in armor, weapons and discipline, had a decisive advantage in the close-quarters fighting against the tightly packed britons. the roman cavalry, lances extended, then entered the battle. as the britons' losses increased they tried to retreat, but their flight was blocked by the ring of wagons and they were massacred. the romans killed not only the warriors but also the women, children, and even pack animals. tacitus relates a rumor that 80,000 britons fell against the loss of only 400 romans.[13] however, the figures quoted for the campaign in the ancient sources are regarded by modern historians as extravagant.[4][19] boudica is said by tacitus to have poisoned herself;[13] cassius dio says she fell ill, died and was given a lavish burial.[20] poenius postumus, prefect of the 2nd legion, which had failed to join the battle (thus robbing his men of a share of the glory), committed suicide by falling on his sword.[13] location [ edit ] the site of the battle is not identified by either historian, although tacitus gives a brief description.[13] a wide variety of sites, all consistent with an army attacking from the area of london toward the roman forces concentrating from the direction of cornwall and wales, has been suggested. one legend places it at battle bridge road in king's cross, london, although from reading tacitus it is unlikely suetonius returned to the city. most historians favor potential location sites in the midlands, probably along the roman road between londinium and viroconium (wroxeter), which became the anglo-saxon watling street and subsequently the a5. plausible suggestions include; aftermath [ edit ] it is said that the emperor nero was so shaken by these events that he considered withdrawing from britain altogether,[31] but with the revolt brought to a decisive end, the occupation of britain continued. fearing suetonius' punitive policies would provoke further rebellion, nero replaced him with the more conciliatory publius petronius turpilianus.[32] the defeat of boudica ensured roman rule in southern britain; however, northern britain remained volatile. in ad 69 venutius, a brigantes noble, would lead another less well documented revolt, initially as a tribal rivalry but soon becoming anti-roman.[33]

frəm: ˈwaɪldˌkæt 100 ˈsəmər 2016 mɔr ðən ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm. ˈkɑmɛnts ɔn »communisation*« ʒil dauvé*é: frəm ˈkraɪsəs tɪ ɪkˈspɛktɪd ɪn ˈɔgəst 2016 piɛm prɛs approx*. 192 approx*. 16 ˈjʊrə taɪm ənd taɪm əˈgɛn ˈoʊvər ðə læst 20 jɪrz wi hæv trænzˈleɪtəd ənd ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɑrtɪkəlz baɪ ʒil dauvé*é; ju kən faɪnd ə səˈlɛkʃən ˈfərðər daʊn. ˈmeɪbi ə dɪˈskəʃən əˈbaʊt ‘‘communisation’*’ ənd ə nu ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv ðoʊz tɛksts wɪl dɪˈvɛləp ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðɪs bʊk ˌrivˈju. ɪn 2011 kɑrl ənd ʒil dauvé*é roʊt ðə tɛkst ‘‘communisation’*’ ˈæftər wɪʧ ðeɪ dɪˈzɑlvd ðɛr ʤɔɪnt ˈprɑʤɛkt, troploin*. ðə ˈrizənz fər ðɪs kən bi faʊnd ɪn ðɛr tɛkst, next?’*?’ fər, ðə ˈkruʃəl ˈfæktər, əˈməŋst ˈəðərz, wɑz ðə ˌɪmˈpæs wɪˈθɪn ðə dɪˈskəʃən. dauvé*é kənˈtɪnjud əˈloʊn ənd ɪn 2015 ənd əv ðə ˈkɑmjənəst movement’*’ fər ðə θərd taɪm wɪˈθɪn ə ˈnɛroʊ spæn əv 45 jɪrz. hɪz nu bʊk, ˈkraɪsəs tɪ communisation’*’ ɪz ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd ənd riˈɪʃu əv ðə ‘‘communisation’*’ tɛkst. ˈrisənt jɪrz, həz bɪˈkəm wən əv ðə ˈrædɪkəl in-words*, ðə ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti əv wɪʧ ɪkˈstɛndz fɑr bɪɔnd ðə rɪˈgrɛtəbli kɔld, ““communisers”*”. ðə ˈnoʊʃən həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu ən ˌiˌlæˈstɪsəti əv ˈminɪŋ, ənd ɪz naʊ ə ˈblæŋkɪt tərm ˈkəvərɪŋ ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈætəˌtudz ənd ˈθɪriz. ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz əˈməŋ ðiz ər boʊθ səbˈstænʃəl ənd ˌkɑnsəkˈwɛnʃəl. ˈmɛni θiərɪsts bɪˈheɪv ɛz ɪf ðeɪ hæd faʊnd ðə səˈluʃən wəns ənd fər ɔl, ənd ˈprɛzənt ɑr taɪm ɛz ə ˈpɪriəd wɪn ðə ˌproʊləˈtɛriən ˈmuvmənt həz ənd kən ˈoʊnli hæv wən goʊl: communism.”*.” wɪθ ðɪs ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈsteɪtmənt ʒil dauvé*é ɪz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈprɑbləmz. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈɛniˌwən kən luz ðə ˈoʊvərvˌju wɪˈθɪn ðə əˈbəndəns əv tɛksts wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt pəˈzɪʃənz ɔl ˈrɛfərənsɪŋ ‘‘communisation’*’. əˈgɛnst ðə ˈmɪksɪŋ əv minz kəˌlɛktɪvɪˈzeɪʃən (fre*. ‘‘communisation’*’, ger*. ‘‘kommunisierung’*’). ɪt dɪˈvɛləpt ɛz ə ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈkɑrənt ɪn fræns ɪn ðə 1970s*, beɪst ɔn ðə ˈɪnˌsaɪt ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ nid fər ə trænˈzɪʃənəl steɪʤ əv ðə proletariat”*”) bɪtˈwin ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ənd ə fri soʊˈsaɪɪti. tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈsɪstəm: ðə ˌriprəˈdəkʃən əv klæs riˈleɪʃənz məst bi ˈoʊvərˌkəm; ðə ˌproʊləˈtɛriət məst əˈbɑlɪʃ ˌɪtˈsɛlf; ɔl ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈkæpətəlɪst kənˈdɪʃənz ənd riˈleɪʃənz məst bi trænsˈfɔrmd ˈɪntu ˈkɑmjənəst wənz. ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm ɪz nɑt ðə goʊl æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri pæθ, bət ˈoʊnli θru ðə ˈpræktɪst ˈkɑmjənəst ˈmɛʒərz wɪl ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm bi prəˈdust ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ðə dɪˈmænd fər ðə kəˌlɛktɪvɪˈzeɪʃən əv ˈɛvəri ˈæˌspɛkt əv ˈjumən laɪf ənd əv ˈɛvəri ˈjumən riˈleɪʃən ɪz ˈlaɪkəbəl əˈspɛʃəli ɪn taɪmz wɛr ðə ˈrædɪkəl lɛft faɪndz ɪt ɛn voʊg tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls. bət wɪˈθɪn hɪz ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm dauvé*é ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪz ðət ““communisation”*” ɪz ə ˈkɑnsɛpt ðət dɪˈvɛləpt ɪn ə ˈsərtən hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈpɪriəd. ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈkraɪsəs ðɪs ‘‘concept’*’ həz tɪ bi ˈfərðər dɪˈvɛləpt. haʊ kʊd ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm əraɪz aʊt əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈstrəgəlz əv ðə læst tu ˈsɛnʧəriz? ˈðɛrˈbaɪ hi ˈʃɑrpli ɪˈstæblɪʃɪz ə dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪtˈwin hɪmˈsɛlf ənd grups laɪk,, ðə ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl kəˈmɪti, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. hu tərn ðə tərm ˈɪntu ə kloʊzd ˈθɪri. ɪn ðə læst ˈʧæptər ˈvɛrɪtəbəl split’*’) dauvé*é ˈsəmərˌaɪzɪz hɪz dɪˈspjut wɪθ ðiz grups. hi ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪzɪz ðə ‘2-stage-model’*’ əv hu ər ˈgraʊndɪŋ ðɛr ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈbeɪsɪs əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɛr oʊn wərdz ən əˈsɛsmənt ðət meɪd æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə 1970s*: ðə ˈkraɪsiz əv ðə workers’*’ ˈmuvmənts ənd ðə ˌkɑnˈkɑmətənt riˈstrəkʧərɪŋ əv ðə ˈkæpətəlɪst klæs riˈleɪʃən hæv ˈɪʃud ɪn ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɛr ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd aɪˈdɛntəˌti tɪ bi tərnd əˈgɛnst capital.”*.” ɪn ðɪs ˈkæpətəlɪst ˈhɪstəri ɪz ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd ˈɪntu tu kəmˈplitli dɪˈstɪŋkt ˈpɪriədz: ðə fərst ˈpɪriəd, rɪˈfɔrmɪst klæs ˈækʃən wɑz ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl; ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd, ɪt bɪˈkəmz impossible.”*.” bɪˈkəz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp kən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˌriprəˈdus itself”*”. ɪkˈsplɪsətli əˈsumz ðət ðə ˈwərkɪŋ klæs kən ˈoʊnli faɪt ˈkæpɪtəl ɪf ɪt həz ən aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɛz ˈwərkɪŋ klæs. dauvé*é ˈkɑmɛnts ðət: həz mɔr tɪ du wɪθ ðən wɪθ ˈkɑmjənəst theory.”*.” (pi. 180 ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ məst goʊ!). wi kən ˈoʊnli əˈgri ɔn ðət. dauvé*é aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪz ðət ðə ˌproʊləˈtɛriət frəm wərk ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɪn ðə læst ˈkɑnsəkwəns ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən frəm klæs. ˈfərðərˌmɔr ðeɪ pleɪ əp spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈæˌspɛkts (ˌɪˈmiˌdiəsi) waɪl ˈdaʊnˌsaɪzɪŋ ˈəðərz (klæs). ˈmɪksɪŋ oʊld ˈrɛfərənsɪz (ˈkæpɪtəl, ˈvælju, ˈleɪbər...) wɪθ nu wənz (communisation*, aɪˈdɛntəˌti, ˈʤɛndər...) tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈsutəbəl məˈtɪriəl fər ə hoʊl əreɪ əv ˈkrɪtɪkəl specialists.”*.” (pi. 181 ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ məst goʊ!). bæk tɪ ðə ruts əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ dauvé*é ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv wɑz, æt ɪts bərθ, ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ˈsɛvərəl skulz əv θɔt: ðə fɔrm (rɪˈʤɛkʃən əv ɔl θru ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ˈpɑrtiz ər ˈjunjənz) wɑz kɔɪnd baɪ ðə ‘‘dutch-german’*’ lɛft wət hi kɔlz ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ˈkɑmjənəsts. ðə ˈkɑntɛnt (dis-accumulation*) wɑz pɛnd baɪ ðə ‘‘italian’*’ lɛft wət hi kɔlz ðə bordigists*. ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs (ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən əv ɔl ˈæˌspɛkts əv ˈdeɪli laɪf, ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ ˈwərkər ˈmænɪʤmənt tɪ ˈʤɛnərəˌlaɪzd self-management*) wɑz kɔɪnd baɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl lɛts kɔl ðɛm ðə ‘‘french’*’ lɛft. kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə rɛst əv ðə ‘‘communisers’*’, dauvè*è ɪz ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ tu ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɔɪnts ðət ər ðə ˈsɛntrəl θim əv hɪz bʊk: ðət ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə pərˈdəkʃən əv ˈvælju, ər stɪl ““central”*”. ðə kˈwɛʃən əv kəˌlɛktɪvɪˈzeɪʃən ɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə bɪˈheɪvjər ənd ðə ˈsoʊʃəl riˈleɪʃənz əv ðə ˌproʊləˈtɛriət hu ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈsəbʤɪkt. tɪ əˈʧiv ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈbreɪkθˌru wi wɪl nid ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti ənd ðə ˌæbəˈlɪʃən əv ðə ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˈmænjuəl ənd ˈmɛntəl ˈleɪbər. ɪz nɑt bɔrn aʊt əv ə ˈmɔrəl ˈduti ɪkˈstɪriər tɪ ˈjuˈɛs, ˈrəðər aʊt əv ˈpræktɪkəl ækts ənd interrelations”*”, aʊt əv ðə ˌæbəˈlɪʃən əv wərk. ˈækʃən wɪl nɑt bi fjuəld baɪ ðə bɛst ər moʊst ˈikwəl weɪ əv dɪˈstrɪbjutɪŋ gʊdz, bət baɪ ðə ˈjumən lɪŋks ənd ðə ˈækʃənz ðət spərɪŋ frəm ðɛm. ɪn, ækˈtɪvɪti prɪˈveɪlz ˈoʊvər ɪts pərˈdəktɪv rɪˈzəlt, bɪˈkəz ðət rɪˈzəlt dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə ˈɪmpətəs ənd ðə lɪŋks ðət ðə ˌɪnˈsərʤənts wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kriˈeɪt əˈməŋ themselves.”*.” ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm, ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ənd ˈkɑmjənəst ˈdɑktrənz hæv ɔl ˈæktɪd ɔn ðə əˈsəmpʃən əv ˈhævɪŋ tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ˈvaɪtəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. əv kɔrs, ə ˈpərsən wɪˈθaʊt fud wɪl daɪ əv stɑrˈveɪʃən. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs ɪz ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ðə pərˈdəkʃən əv ˈsteɪpəl fudz ðə rɔŋ ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt ɪf wi fərˈgɛt ðət ˈjumən ɪgˈzɪstəns ɪz ˈsoʊʃəl. wi doʊnt it fərst tɪ ˈɛnər soʊˈsaɪɪti ˈæftərwərdz. ˈpipəl ɪnˈkaʊnər ðɛr rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ˈhəŋgər, ɪˈrɛktɪŋ əv dˈwɛlɪŋz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ɪn kənˈʤəŋkʃən wɪθ ˈəðərz. ˈmoʊtəˌveɪts ðə ˌɪnˈsərʤənt ˌproʊləˈtɛriən (ˈivɪn ðə ˈhəŋgri wən) ɪz nɑt ðə nid tɪ fid hɪmˈsɛlf, bət tɪ əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt wɪθ ˈfɛloʊ proletarians*, wɪʧ əˈməŋ ˈəðər ˈifɛkts wɪl ɪˈneɪbəl ɪm tɪ it. ðə nəˈsɛsɪti tɪ ˈproʊdus fud, tɪ groʊ ˈkɛrəts fər ˈɪnstəns, wɪl bi mɛt ˈviə ˈsoʊʃəl riˈleɪʃənz, wɪʧ, əˈməŋ ˈəðər ækˈtɪvɪtiz, wɪl groʊ ˈvɛʤtəbəlz ˈvaɪtəl nəˈsɛsɪtiz doʊnt hæv praɪˈɔrəti ˈoʊvər ˈsoʊʃəl lɪŋks. straɪk! ““communisers”*” səʧ ɛz ðə ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl kəˈmɪti pʊt ˈfɔrwərd ðə pəˈzɪʃən ðət ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈsɪstəm ə dɪˈvɪʒən əv ðə sfɪrz əv pərˈdəkʃən ənd ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən dɪz nɑt ɪgˈzɪst, ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz ɪn floʊ ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðə ˌblɑˈkeɪd ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈifɛktɪv ˈwɔrˌfɛr ˈeɪʤənt. dauvé*é ˈkaʊntərz: ɪt wʊd bi ən ˌɪˈluʒən tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðə ˈfɔrmər [straɪks] baɪ ðə ˈlætər [ˌblɑˈkeɪdz], ɔn ðə graʊnz ðət pərˈdəktɪv wərk ɪz dimd ðɪs ˈnoʊʃən ɪz ən əv haʊ kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ˈpɪkʧərz ˌɪtˈsɛlf bət dauvé*é dɪz nɑt min ðət ˈoʊnli ˈsərtən pɑrts əv ðə ˌproʊləˈtɛriət kʊd meɪk ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ nidz ðə ˈmæsɪz əv ˈpipəl reserves”*”, semi-proletarians*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə: kənˈsərn ɪz wət ˌrɛvəˈluʃən wɪl du. ˈʃʊrli, noʊ ˌrɛvəˈluʃən kən ˈhæpən wɪˈθaʊt mæs straɪks ənd ˌblɑˈkeɪdz, wɪʧ ər ənˈlaɪkli tɪ bi əˈʧivd ˈoʊnli baɪ ˈpipəl ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈwərkˌpleɪs: ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈlɛkʧərər ənd ə tɛkˈnɪʃən du nɑt hæv ðə seɪm ˈsoʊʃəl ˈlɛvərɪʤ. bət ðət dɪz nɑt tɛl ˈjuˈɛs wət ˈiðər əv ðɛm wɪl du wəns ðə ˌɪnsərˈɛkʃən ɪz ˈəndər way.”*.” (pi. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ məst goʊ!). θɔts ər bət ɛz hi ˈɔfən dɪz, hi ˈoʊnli teɪks ðə fərst stɛp. ɪf ðə straɪk rɪˈmeɪnz ˈsɛntrəl bət kən ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəm ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ɪf ðə ˈwərkərz wɪl ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz ənd ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðɛr oʊn roʊl, ðɛn ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tæsk ʃʊd bi tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt səʧ ˈstrəgəlz ɔn ðət ˈbeɪsɪs. ˈʃʊdənt ə ril ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən wɪθ klæs ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən, ˈwərkərz' paʊər ənd ðə ˈsɛnərz əv ˈsərpləs ˈvælju pərˈdəkʃən bi kɔld fər? dauvé*é həz sin ə ˈʤɛnərəl workers’*’ dɪˈfit sɪns 1980 baɪ wərk ˌɪnˌtɛnsɪfəˈkeɪʃən, ˈraɪzɪŋ ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt, weɪʤ ˈfrizɪz, kəts ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈspɛndɪŋ, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. bət ənˈlaɪk tˈwɛnti ər ˈfɪfˈtin jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ðɪs ˈwərsənɪŋ ɪz mɛt wɪθ ə mɔr ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ənd mɔr ˈkɑnʃəs rɪˈzɪstəns. wən əv ðə ˈtərnɪŋ pɔɪnts wɑz ðə əps straɪk ɪn 1997 əˈnəðər ðə ˈproʊˌtɛsts əv ˈmaɪgrənt ˈwərkərz ɪn 2006 ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. sɪns ðɛn ðə ˈnəmbər əv straɪks ənd raɪəts həz bɪn ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈwərldˈwaɪd, wɛrˈbaɪ ðə krɪˈtik əv ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm teɪks ˈsɛnər steɪʤ əˈgɛn. ðə ˈmuvmənts meɪk ˈprɑˌgrɛs wɪˈθaʊt ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv wərk æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ðə ˈmuvmənts hæd sɛt ˌsɛlˌfɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ɛz ðɛr əˈbʤɛktɪv. ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈmuvmənts ər beɪst ɔn ðət ˈfɔrmər əˈbʤɛktɪv. dauvé*é raɪts: wɑz ðə pik ənd ðə tərməˈneɪʃən əv ðə ˌproʊləˈtɛriən sərʤ ɪn 1977 əˈtɑnəmi, ɪz naʊ ðə ˌɪmˈplɪsət ˈproʊˌgræm əv ðə ˈərli proletarians*. bət ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈmuvmənts du nɑt goʊ bɪɔnd ˈsɛlfˈgəvərnmənt. ɪn spaɪt əv ɪts ˈdaɪnəˌmɪzəm, ˈsoʊʃəl krɪˈtik həz nɑt ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ɪts ˈlɪmɪts: ɔn ðə ˈkɑntrɛri, ɪt trits ðɛm ɛz ɪts objective.”*.” ðə ˈpipəl pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə skwɛr ˈmuvmənts wɔnt tɪ teɪk bæk laɪf; pərˈdəkʃən ənd wərk ʃʊd nɑt bi ˈsɛntrəl ˌɛniˈmɔr. dauvé*é siz ðɪs ɛz ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ə krɪˈtik əv wərk ənd ɪˈkɑnəmi, bət ɪn əˈdɪʃən ðiz ˈmuvmənts hæv tɪ dil wɪθ pərˈdəkʃən ənd wərk! ɪt ɪz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv wərk, ɪt ˈkænɑt bi ɪˈveɪdɪd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ dauvé*é wən saɪn əv ðə ˈkəmɪŋ əv ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈpɪriəd wɪl bi ən ˌɪnˈkrist ˈnəmbər əv ækts wɪθ ˈwərkərz ˈpʊtɪŋ ðɛr ʤɑbz æt rɪsk bɪˈkəz ðeɪ doʊnt kɛr əˈbaʊt ðə ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˌɛniˈmɔr. fərst ðiz ækts wɪl bi lɔnʧt baɪ smɔl məˈnɔrətiz, ðɛn wɪl bɪˈkəm mɔr ənd mɔr ˈkɑmən. ðə ˈstrəgəlz woʊnt teɪk pleɪs ˈoʊnli æt ðə ˈwərkˌpleɪs, bət ˈɔlsoʊ wɛr ðə ˌproʊləˈtɛriət lɪvz ˈðɛrˌfɔr dauvé*é ˈjuzɪz ðə tərm ækts. ɪf ˈraɪətərz ər dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ own”*” ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər (skulz, ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) ɪt dɪz nɑt meɪk sɛns æt fərst. ɪt ɪz ˌəndərˈstʊd ɛz ˈpjʊrli ˈækʃənz. bət ðɛr ɪgˈzɪsts ə ˈvɛri gʊd ˈrizən: ˈraɪətərz ər dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ðə ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər bɪˈkəz ɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsɪstəm rɪˈspɛktɪvli ðə minz fər ɪts ˌriprəˈdəkʃən wɪʧ ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ faɪt əˈgɛnst. ðə əv ðə ˌproʊləˈtɛriət ˌɪmˈplaɪz ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv kənˈdɪʃənz əv laɪf, wɪʧ kənˈtroʊl bət ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈtɛkt ðɛm. ˈlivɪŋ ðə reɪlz dauvé*é gɪvz tu ɪgˈzæmpəlz: ən ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən əv ə ˈprɪnɪŋ plænt ənd ə ˈreɪlˌweɪ ˈwərkərz straɪk wɪʧ maɪt kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti. ɪf ˈreɪlˌweɪ ˈwərkərz ər goʊɪŋ ɔn ən ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd straɪk ɪt wɪl bi ənˈlaɪkli ðət ðeɪ lʊk bɪɔnd ðɛr oʊn ˈɪntərɪsts bɪˈkəz ðeɪ du nɑt hæv tɪ. ə ˈʤɛnərəl straɪk, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, siz mæs dɪˈsɔrdər ənd ˈraɪətɪŋ stɑp ðə ˈnɔrməl floʊ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˌriprəˈdəkʃən, soʊ fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ɪkˈstɛnʃən əv wərk ˈstɑpɪʤɪz ənd ðə ˈimərʤəns əv strit ənd ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz ˈoʊpənz nu ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz fər ðə ˈreɪlˌweɪ ˈwərkərz. ðeɪ kʊd bi ˈrənɪŋ fri treɪnz tɪ ˈtrænspɔrt ˈstraɪkərz ənd ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtərz frəm wən taʊn tɪ əˈnəðər fər ˈɪnstəns. ðeɪ ənd ˈəðərz ər dɪˈrɛkli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn dɪˈsɪʒənˌmeɪkɪŋ ənd ˈriəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðɛr eɪmz. ðeɪ hæv tɪ stɑrt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ənd ˈæktɪŋ ˈdɪfərˈɛntli əˈbaʊt ðə ˈreɪlˌweɪ ˈsɪstəm bɪˈkəz ðə səkˈsɛs əv dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns əv ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz ənd ˈhaɪˌrɑrkiz. dauvé*é ɪz stɪl ˈjuzɪŋ ðə əv communisation’*’; hi kən ˈoʊnli sɑlv ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈmɪstəri baɪ duɪŋ soʊ: haʊ dɪz ə ˈwərkərz' ˈstrəgəl bɪˈkəm ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri wən? haʊ kʊd klæs ˈstrəgəlz nɑt ˈoʊnli lɛd tɪ ə ˈvɪktəri əv wən klæs ˈoʊvər ðə ˈəðər, bət tɪ ðə ˌæbəˈlɪʃən əv boʊθ? hi ɪz əˈpɔld baɪ ðə ˈnɑnsɛns əv ˈmɛni theorists’*’ hu ər ˈmɛsɪŋ əraʊnd wɪθ ðə tərm. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðɪs bʊk ɪz ˈpəblɪʃt. tɪ bi kənˈtɪnjud ˈfʊtˌnoʊts: 1 ən ˈækʧəwəl ɪgˈzæmpəl: ˈʤɑˌʃuə ˈkloʊvər: raɪət. straɪk. raɪət: ðə nu ˈɪrə əv ˈəˌpraɪzɪŋz; verso*; ˈləndən; maɪ 2016 2 wɪθ ðə tərm dauvé*é rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə »ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkɑmjənəst dɪˈskəʃən grup« hu ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ ðə ˈængləˌfoʊn »ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈʤərnəl fər«. 3 sɪk ˈʤərnəl; ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈpɛr ðə ˈkɑrənt tɛkst əv (»ˈjunɪti ɪn ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən«). 4 ðə ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl kəˈmɪti: tɪ ɑr frɛndz; ɑkˈtoʊbər 2014 ju kən faɪnd mɔr ˈɑrtɪkəlz ˈrɪtən baɪ dauvé*é ənd ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ən ə tɪ zi əv 2015 ðə ˈbɪtər ˈvɪktəri əv 2014 ˈvælju, ˈleɪbər taɪm ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm: mɑrks 2014 wət nɛkst? 2012 2011 ˈɑrtɪkəlz ˈrɪtən baɪ dauvé*é ənd trænzˈleɪtəd baɪ ˈwaɪldˌkæt ˈɪntu ˈʤərmən ˈlæŋgwɪʤ (moʊst əv ðɛm əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt wildcat-www.de*):

from: wildcat 100, sommer 2016 more post-modernism than communism. comments on »communisation« gilles dauvé: from crisis to communisation expected in august 2016 | pm press | approx. 192 seiten | approx. 16 euro time and time again over the last 20 years we have translated and published articles by gilles dauvé; you can find a selection further down. maybe a discussion about ‘communisation’ and a new examination of those texts will develop in the wake of this book review. in 2011 karl nesic and gilles dauvé wrote the text ‘communisation’ after which they dissolved their joint project, troploin. the reasons for this can be found in their text, ‘what next?’ for nesic, the crucial factor, amongst others, was the impasse within the communisation discussion. dauvé continued alone and in 2015 republished ‘eclipse and re-emergence of the communist movement’ for the third time within a narrow span of 45 years. his new book, ‘from crisis to communisation’ is an extended and over-worked reissue of the ‘communisation’ text. “in recent years, communisation has become one of the radical in-words, the popularity of which extends far beyond the regrettably called, “communisers”. […] the notion has developed into an elasticity of meaning, and is now a blanket term covering a wide range of attitudes and theories. the differences among these are both substantial and consequential. […] many communisation theorists behave as if they had found the solution once and for all, and present our time as a period when the proletarian movement has and can only have one goal: communism.” with this opening statement gilles dauvé is identifying the problems. indeed, anyone can lose the overview within the abundance of texts with different positions all referencing ‘communisation’. against the mixing of theory-fragments communisation means collectivization (fre. ‘communisation’, ger. ‘kommunisierung’). it developed as a theoretical current in france in the 1970s, based on the insight that there is no need for a transitional stage (“dictatorship of the proletariat”) between capitalism and a free society. to destroy the existing system: the reproduction of class relations must be overcome; the proletariat must abolish itself; all existing capitalist conditions and relations must be transformed into communist ones. communism is not the goal at the end of the revolutionary path, but only through communisation – the practiced communist measures – will communism be produced immediately. the demand for the collectivization of every aspect of human life and of every human relation is likable – especially in times where the radical left finds it en vogue to separate everything from everything else. but within his criticism dauvé emphasizes that “communisation” is a concept that developed in a certain historical period. in the current crisis this ‘concept’ has to be further developed. how could communism arise out of the global struggles of the last two centuries? thereby he sharply establishes a distinction between himself and groups like théorie communiste, endnotes, the invisible committee, etc. who turn the term into a closed theory. in the last chapter (‘a veritable split’) dauvé summarizes his dispute with these groups. he criticizes the ‘2-stage-model’ of tc-sic who are grounding their theoretical basis – according to their own words – “upon an assessment that théorie communiste made at the end of the 1970s: the crises of the workers’ movements and the concomitant restructuring of the capitalist class relation have issued in a situation where there is no longer a recognised worker’s identity to be turned against capital.” . in this periodization capitalist history is graduated into two completely distinct periods: “in the first period, reformist class action was inevitable; in the second, it becomes impossible.” because now“the capital-labour relationship can no longer reproduce itself”. tc-sic explicitly assumes that the working class can only fight capital if it has an identity as working class. dauvé comments that: “this has more to do with post-modernism than with communist theory.” (p. 180; everything must go!). we can only agree on that. dauvé identifies that tc-sic decouples the proletariat from work and therefore in the last consequence the revolution from class. furthermore they play up specific aspects (immediacy) while downsizing others (class). “[...] mixing old references (capital, value, labour...) with new ones (communisation, identity, gender...) to provide suitable material for a whole array of critical specialists.” (p. 181; everything must go!). back to the roots according to dauvé the concept of communisation was, at its birth, influenced by several schools of thought: the form (rejection of all mediations through parliament, parties or unions) was coined by the ‘dutch-german’ left – what he calls the council communists. the content (dis-accumulation) was penned by the ‘italian’ left – what he calls the bordigists. the process (transformation of all aspects of daily life, extending worker management to generalized self-management) was coined by the situationist international – let's call them the ‘french’ left. compared to the rest of the ‘communisers’, dauvè is mentioning two important points that are the central theme of his book: that the capital-labour relationship, as well as the production of value, are still “central”. the question of collectivization is related to the behavior and the social relations of the proletariat – who represent the revolutionary subject. to achieve the revolutionary breakthrough we will need solidarity and the abolition of the separation between manual and mental labour. “solidarity is not born out of a moral duty exterior to us, rather out of practical acts and interrelations”, out of the abolition of work. “revolutionary action will not be fuelled by the best or most equal way of distributing goods, but by the human links and the actions that spring from them. in communisation, activity prevails over its productive result, because that result depends on the impetus and the links that the insurgents will be able to create among themselves.” capitalism, socialist and communist doctrines have all acted on the assumption of having to satisfy vital requirements. of course, a person without food will die of starvation. nevertheless is the question of the production of staple foods the wrong starting point if we forget that human existence is social. we don't eat first to enter society afterwards. people encounter their requirements – hunger, erecting of dwellings, etc. – in conjunction with others. “what motivates the insurgent proletarian (even the hungry one) is not the need to feed himself, but to associate with fellow proletarians, which – among other effects – will enable him to eat. the necessity to produce food, to grow carrots for instance, will be met via social relations, which, among other activities, will grow vegetables […]” vital necessities don't have priority over social links. strike! “communisers” such as the invisible committee put forward the position that in the current system a division of the spheres of production and circulation does not exist, instead everything is in flow . therefore the blockade is the only effective warfare agent. dauvé counters: “[...] it would be an illusion to replace the former [strikes] by the latter [blockades], on the grounds that productive work is deemed unessential [...] this notion is an internalization of how contemporary capitalism pictures itself [...].” but dauvé does not mean that only certain parts of the proletariat could make the revolution. because it also needs the masses of people “without reserves”, semi-proletarians, etc: “our concern is what revolution will do. surely, no revolution can happen without mass strikes and blockades, which are unlikely to be achieved only by people outside the workplace: a university lecturer and a power-plant technician do not have the same social leverage. but that does not tell us what either of them will do once the insurrection is under way.” (p. 134-135; everything must go!). dauvé’s thoughts are sharp-witted – but as he often does, he only takes the first step. if the strike remains central but can only become revolutionary if the workers will criticize and overcome their own roll, then the most important task should be to investigate such struggles on that basis. shouldn't a real confrontation with class composition, workers' power and the centers of surplus value production be called for? dauvé has seen a general workers’ defeat since 1980 by work intensification, rising unemployment, wage freezes, cuts in social spending, etc. but unlike twenty or fifteen years ago, this worsening is met with a more systematic and more conscious resistance. one of the turning points was the ups strike in 1997, another the protests of migrant workers in 2006 in the united states. since then the number of strikes and riots has been rising worldwide, whereby the critique of capitalism takes center stage again. the movements won’t make progress without criticism of work at the end of the 60s the movements had set self-organization as their objective. the current movements are based on that former objective. dauvé writes: “what was the peak and the termination of the proletarian surge in 1977: autonomy, is now the implicit programme of the early 21st proletarians. [...] but the present movements do not go beyond self-government. in spite of its dynamism, social critique has not criticized its limits: on the contrary, it treats them as its objective.” the people participating in the square movements want to take back life; production and work should not be central anymore. dauvé sees this as a possible starting point for a critique of work and economy, but in addition these movements have to deal with production and work! it is about the criticism of work, it cannot be evaded. according to dauvé one sign of the coming of a revolutionary period will be an increased number of anti-work acts – with workers putting their jobs at risk because they don't care about the wellbeing of the company anymore. first these acts will be launched by small minorities, then will become more and more common. the struggles won't take place only at the workplace, but also where the proletariat lives – therefore dauvé uses the term anti-proletarian acts. if rioters are destroying “their own” infrastructure (schools, libraries, etc.) it does not make sense at first. it is understood as purely nihilistic actions. but there exists a very good reason: rioters are destroying the infrastructure because it represents the social system – respectively the means for its reproduction –, which they want to fight against. the self-abolition of the proletariat implies the destruction of conditions of life, which control but also protect them. leaving the rails dauvé gives two examples: an occupation of a printing plant and a railway workers strike – which might contribute to communising society. if railway workers are going on an isolated strike it will be unlikely that they look beyond their own interests – because they do not have to. a general strike, however, sees mass disorder and rioting stop the normal flow of social reproduction, so for example, the extension of work stoppages and the emergence of street and neighbourhood initiatives opens new possibilities for the railway workers. they could be running free trains to transport strikers and demonstrators from one town to another for instance. they and others are directly involved in decision-making and realizing their aims. they have to start thinking and acting differently about the railway system because the success of communisation depends on the disappearance of sociological identities and hierarchies. dauvé is still using the ‘concept of communisation’; he can only solve the revolutionary mystery by doing so: how does a workers' struggle become a revolutionary one? how could class struggles not only lead to a victory of one class over the other, but to the abolition of both? he is appalled by the nonsense of many ‘communisation theorists’ who are messing around with the term. therefore this book is published. to be continued footnotes: [1] an actual example: joshua clover: riot. strike. riot: the new era of uprisings; verso; london; mai 2016 [2] with the term tc-sic dauvé refers to the »international communist discussion group« who are also publishing the anglophone »international journal for communisation«. [3] sic journal; also compare the current text of endnotes (»unity in separation«). [4] the invisible committee: to our friends; october 2014 you can find more articles written by dauvé and nesic on the website troploin.fr an a to z of communisation (2015) the bitter victory of councilism (2014) value, labour time & communism: re-reading marx (2014) what next? (2012) communisation (2011) articles written by dauvé and translated by wildcat into german language (most of them available online at wildcat-www.de):

ˈmaɪkəl ˈændərsən, grin leɪn ˈprɑʤɛkt stæf ˈraɪtər ˈroʊzˌmid ˈbʊləˌvɑrd ɪn ˈtɛmpəl ˈsɪti, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: l.a*. wət ə ˈdɪfərəns ə jɪr meɪks. wɪn wi sæt daʊn tɪ meɪk ðə ˌɪˈnɔgərəl 2013 ɪˈdɪʃən əv ðɪs lɪst, wi hæd ə fju ˌsupərˈstɑrz əp tɔp: ˌtrænsˈfɔrmɑˌtɪv ˈdɪrˌbɔrn strit, spɛkˈtækjələr ˈkəlʧərəl treɪl. bət læst jɪr ˈɔlsoʊ hæd wət spɔrts fænz maɪt kɔl ə ˈʃæloʊ bɛnʧ. ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə fju ˈsɪtiz, ðɛr ʤɪst ðət ˈmɛni nu prəˈtɛktɪd baɪk leɪnz tɪ ʧuz frəm. θrɪld tɪ əbˈzərv, ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ɑr ˌɪnvənˈtɔri əv səʧ ˈprɑʤɛkts əraʊnd ðə ˈkəntri, ðət ɛz əv 2014 ðɪs ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ðə keɪs. ðɪs wɑz ðə jɪr ðət sɔ prəˈtɛktɪd leɪnz pɑp əp ɪn ˈtɛmpi, ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə; ɪn ˈæθənz, ˈʤɔrʤə; ɪn ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ˈsɪti, vərˈʤɪnjə. læst jɪr, hæf əv ðə nu ˈmaɪlɪʤ əv prəˈtɛktɪd baɪk leɪnz ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd wɑz ɪn ðə grin leɪn sɪks ˈfoʊkɪs ˈsɪtiz. ðɪs jɪr, prəˈtɛktɪd baɪk leɪnz gru twaɪs ɛz fæst, ənd ɑr sɪks ˈfoʊkɪs ˈsɪtiz əˈkaʊntɪd fər lɛs ðən ə kˈwɔrtər əv ðə nu groʊθ. ɛz wi roʊt ɪn ˈɔgəst, prəˈtɛktɪd baɪk leɪnz hæv bɪˈkəm ɛz əˈmɛrɪkən ɛz ˈpitsə. ˈæftər ðə læst 12 mənθs əv ˈtrævəlɪŋ ðə ˈkəntri, kˈwɪzɪŋ ðə ˈɛkspərts ənd ˈtrækɪŋ ðə nuz, hir ər ɑr pɪks fər ðə 10 bɛst nu baɪk leɪnz əv 2014 1 poʊlk strit, sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈsərˌʤjoʊ ruiz ˈviə sf*. ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈɑbstəkəl tɪ ˈbɛtər ˈbaɪkɪŋ ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz ðət moʊst əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈsɪmpli ˈgɔtən ə teɪst əv wət ““great”*” filz laɪk. poʊlk strit ɪz ˈbɛrli ə θərd əv ə maɪl lɔŋ, bət noʊ wən hu raɪdz ɪt wɪl ˈɛvər feɪl tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz haʊ nis ə baɪk leɪn kən gɪt ənd θæŋks tɪ ɪts loʊˈkeɪʃən wən blɑk frəm ˈsɪti hɔl, ðət grup naʊ ˌɪnˈkludz moʊst əv sæn ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz. poʊlk, ˈpeɪnɪd grin ɔn iʧ saɪd əv ə ˈwənˈweɪ strit, ɪz ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd baɪ kərbz ənd ə ˈplæntər əˈdɔrnd wɪθ ˈloʊkəl ˈkækti. sæn ˈkɔʃəs ˈpəblɪk ˈprɔˌsɛs kɛpt ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪn ðə wərks fər 15 jɪrz, bət wɪn ɪt ˈfaɪnəli ˈoʊpənd læst spərɪŋ, kɔld ɪt bɛst ˌsɛgˈmɛnt əv ˈbaɪsɪkəl ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ɪn sæn francisco.”*.” ðə ˈsəbˌtɛkst: ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz peɪ ɔf ɪn ˈraɪdərˌʃɪp ənˈtɪl ðeɪ strɛʧ ˈfərðər daʊn poʊlk. ɪn ðə nɛkst fju jɪrz, wi ɪkˈspɛkt ðɪs ˈdɛmoʊ tɪ pruv ðət ˈgreɪtnəs ɪz kənˈteɪʤəs. 2 ˈævəˌnu, siˈætəl ɪt wɑz 2010 wɪn siˈætəl nuz saɪt kɔld oʊld straɪp əv waɪt peɪnt wərst baɪk leɪn ɪn ðə city.”*.” soʊ ˈmɛni rɪˈʤɔɪst wɪn meɪər ɛd ˈməri əˈnaʊnst ɪn meɪ ðət wʊd bi ðə saɪt əv fərst prəˈtɛktɪd baɪk leɪn, ənd ðət bi ˈfɪnɪʃt ɪn ʤɪst fɔr mənθs. ðə leɪn ˈoʊpənd ɔn ˈskɛʤʊl bət, ˈtræʤɪkli, naɪn deɪz tu leɪt. ə wik ˌbiˈfɔr ðə nu dɪˈzaɪn wɑz pʊt ɪn pleɪs, ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈlɔjər ənd nu mɑm ʃər kəŋ wɑz kɪld baɪ ə trək waɪl ˈraɪdɪŋ ɪn ðə oʊld ˈpeɪnɪd leɪn. ðə ˈsɪgnəlz ðət wər əˈbaʊt tɪ bi ˌɪnˈstɔld ˈprɑbəˌbli wʊd hæv seɪvd laɪf. ðɪs fɔl, ə goʊst baɪk sæt æt ðə ˈkɔrnər əv ənd ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɛz məʧ ə məˈmɔriəl tɪ laɪf ɛz ðə pləˈtunz əv ˈraɪdərz ˈroʊlɪŋ, ˈseɪfli ənd ˈkəmfərtəbli, ɪn ðə nu prəˈtɛktɪd leɪn. 3 ˈrɪvərˌsaɪd draɪv, ˈmɛmpfɪs ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈsɪti əv ˈmɛmpfɪs. ɪn baɪk ˈplænɪŋ, ˈmɛmpfɪs ɪz ðə frænˈsɪskoʊ. ðə ˈsɪti ˈrizənz ðət noʊ ˈbɛtər weɪ tɪ meɪk ɪts ˈplænɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈpəblɪk ðən tɪ ˈræpədli gɪt ə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɔn ðə graʊnd, ˈlɪsən tɪ ðə weɪz ˈpipəl riækt tɪ ɪt, ənd əˈʤəst ɛz ˈnidɪd. ““ready*, faɪər, aim,”*,” ˈmɛmpfɪs ˈplænər kaɪl sɪz. ˈrɪvərˌsaɪd draɪv ɪz ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðət ˈæʤəl əˈproʊʧ. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv riˈoʊpənɪŋ ɔl fɔr leɪnz tɪ ˈɔtoʊ ˈtræfɪk ˈæftər ˈænjuəl ˈkloʊʒər fər ðə ˈmɛmpfɪs ɪn meɪ ˈfɛstɪvəl, ðə ˈsɪti hæf ðə strit tɪ kriˈeɪt tu leɪnz əv kɑr ˈtræfɪk, ə baɪk leɪn ənd ə ˈwɔkˌweɪ. sun, ðɪs rut wɪl bi ðə bɛst lɪŋk bɪtˈwin ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈmɛmpfɪs ənd ðə nu ˈhærəˌhæn brɪʤ ˈkrɔsɪŋ tɪ ˈɑrkənˌsɑ. 4 ˈroʊzˌmid ˈbʊləˌvɑrd, ˈtɛmpəl ˈsɪti ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: l.a*. prəˈtɛktɪd baɪk leɪnz pæst ə ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn ɪn 2014 ðeɪ meɪd ɪt tɪ ðə burbs*. ɪn ˈɑrlɪŋtən ˈkaʊnti, nɔrθ bəˈθɛzdə ənd hir ˌnɔrˈθist əv lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs, strit dɪˈzaɪnərz pruvd ðət prəˈtɛktɪd leɪnz kən bi ˈivɪn mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ˈsprɔlɪŋ ˈɛriəz ðən ðeɪ ər ɪn ˈərbən wənz əˈspɛʃəli wɪn ɛz streɪt ənd ɛz ˈvɪzəbəl ɛz rosemead’s*. noʊ ˈwəndər ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt, wɪʧ ˈoʊpənd ɪn meɪ, ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˌpæsəˈdinər. ɪf ˈaʊtər lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs kən bɪld baɪk leɪnz ðɪs nis, ˈɛniˌwən kən. 5 ˈfərnɪs draɪv, ˈɔstən ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈsɪti əv ˈɔstən. spɛnt 17 jɪrz ˈɑrgjuɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ə ˈmɪljən brɪʤ ʃʊd krɔs ə krik ðət ˈsɛpərˌeɪts ə ˈrɛlətɪvli pur ˈneɪbərˌhʊd frəm ɪts ˈloʊkəl ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri skul. wɪn brɪʤ prəˈpoʊnənts wən, ɪt maɪt hæv bɪn ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈstɔri ɪf ˈsɪti ˈplænərz æst ˈwɛðər, ˈæftər ɔl ðət, ɪt maɪt bi ə gʊd aɪˈdiə tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðə strit bɪtˈwin ðə brɪʤ ənd ðə skul. eɪt mənθs ənd ˈleɪtər, ðə ˈsɪti hæd juzd poʊsts ənd peɪnt əˈlɔŋ wən saɪd əv ən roʊd tɪ kriˈeɪt ə seɪf ənd dɪˈrɛkt rut tɪ ðə dɔr. 6 ˈbrɔdˌweɪ, siˈætəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: koʊˈpoʊlə fəˈtɑgrəfi. siˈætəl baɪk blɔg kɔlz ðɛm turds,”*,” bət ʤɪst kɔl ðɛm ˈklɛvər. ðə ˈplæstɪk lups ˈkɑmbaɪn wɪθ kərbz, poʊsts ənd pɑrkt kɑz tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈkəmfərtəbəl θru ðə ˈmɪdəl əv wən əv ðə ˈdɛnsəst kəˈmərʃəl ˈɛriəz. ðoʊ ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈwɛri tɪ ɛnˈdɔrs ə ˈtuˌweɪ prəˈtɛktɪd leɪn ɔn ə ˈtuˌweɪ strit, ˈbrɔdˌweɪ ˈjuzɪz ˈsɪgnəl ˈfeɪzɪŋ ənd lɑts əv grin peɪnt tɪ kip baɪks boʊθ ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd ənd ˈvɪzəbəl. kˈwɑləti baɪk ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðɪs ˈmeɪʤər kəˈmərʃəl strit hæv ˈhæpənd ˈɛni ˈəðər weɪ. 7 ˌməlˈnoʊmə ˈbʊləˌvɑrd, ˈpɔrtlənd ðə ˈmɛˌtroʊ ˈɛriə həz bɪn ˈmuvɪŋ sloʊər ˈleɪtli wɪθ ˈəpˌgreɪdz, bət stɪl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ sɪks muvz əˈhɛd. wɪn stɔrm ˈdreɪnɪʤ plænz rikˈwaɪərd reɪn ˈgɑrdənz əˈlɔŋ ðɪs ki rut θru ə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd, ðə ˈsɪti θru ɪn əˈnəðər 2 ˈmɪljən tɪ bɪld ə fju blɑks əv ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd baɪk leɪn, tu. ðə rɪˈzəlt, wɪʧ ˈsɛpərˌeɪts baɪks ənd ˈɔtoʊ ˈtræfɪk baɪ ɪts kərb ənd ə ˈpɑrkɪŋ leɪn, ɪz ən oʊˈeɪsɪs əv ɪn ˌsaʊθˈwɛst ˈpɔrtlənd bət ɪf ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈbʊləˌvɑrd gɪts ə mæs ˈtrænzɪt laɪn ənd prəˈtɛktɪd baɪk leɪnz əv ɪts oʊn ɛz prəˈpoʊzd, ˌməlˈnoʊmə wɪl ˈsədənli bɪˈkəm ən ɛˈsɛnʃəl lɪŋk tɪ ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈsɪti. ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt dɪˈzərvz ɪts slɑt fər ˈvɪʒən əˈloʊn. 8 pɛn ˈævəˌnu, ˈpɪtsbərg ɪf ˈpɪtsbərg stɪks wɪθ ɪts plænz, ðɪs ˈræpədli ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd ˈprɑʤɛkt əˈnaʊnst ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, bɪlt baɪ sɛpˈtɛmbər wɪl bɪˈkəm ðə ˈspaɪnəl kɔrd əv ə nu ˈbaɪkɪŋ ˈnɛtˌwərk lɪŋk ðə ˈɛksələnt ˈrɪvərˌsaɪd pæθs tɪ kəˈmərʃəl ənd ˈkəlʧərəl ˌdɛstəˈneɪʃənz ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈbɪznɪs ˈlidərz laɪnd əp bɪˈhaɪnd ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt ənd ˌæləˈgeɪni ˈkaʊnti ˈfɑloʊd tu, ˈprɑməsɪŋ kəˈnɛktɪŋ prəˈtɛktɪd leɪnz ɔn tu ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈbrɪʤɪz. ðoʊ nɑt ˈpərˌfɪkt, ˈniðər wɑz ðə ˈstætəs kwoʊ ənd heɪ, ˈniðər wər ju wɪn ju wər fɔr mənθs oʊld. ˈpɪtsbərg həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ə ˈsɪti əv ˈækʃən, ənd ɪts staɪl wɪθ baɪk leɪnz tu. 9 kɪŋ strit, ˌhɑnəˈlulu ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: biɪŋ 808 wɪn ðɪs leɪn ˈoʊpənd tu wiks əˈgoʊ, ðə ˈkəntri kˈwaɪətli krɔst ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn: həˈwaɪˌi bɪˈkeɪm ðə juz. steɪt tɪ gɪt ə prəˈtɛktɪd baɪk leɪn. ˈtɛmpərət, flæt ənd ˈsəni, ˌhɑnəˈlulu kʊd ˈizəli æd paradise”*” tɪ ɪts lɪst əv ˈæˌsɛts, ənd meɪər kərk ˈkɔldwɛl simz ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ duɪŋ soʊ. ðə leɪn ɔn kɪŋ kɔt ɑr aɪ fər ɪts lɛŋθ tu maɪəlz! ənd ɪts juz əv ˈpɑrkɪŋ stɑps tɪ kriˈeɪt ə nis ˈtɛmpərˌɛri kərb. 10 ˈbrɔdˌweɪ, ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ʤɑn ˈgrinˌfild, ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ. ˈæftər meɪər rɑm ɪˈmænjuəl tʊk ˈɔfəs ɪn 2011 hɪz ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən tim wərld ˈɪntu ˈækʃən, leɪɪŋ daʊn 12 maɪəlz əv prəˈtɛktɪd baɪk leɪnz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. θri jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ɪz stɪl ˈbɪldɪŋ prəˈtɛktɪd leɪnz ˈfæstər ðən ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛni ˈsɪti ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. tim ˈædɪd maɪəlz ɪn 2014 ənd ə strɛʧ əv ˈbrɔdˌweɪ ðət ˈɔfərz wən əv ðə fju prəˈtɛktɪd leɪnz θru kəˈmərʃəl ˈdɪstrɪkts ɪz ˈɑrgjuəbli ðə moʊst ˈjusfəl əv ðoʊz. ɪf ðə ɪmˈbreɪs əv baɪk ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən kips ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ, bi bɪˈkəz ˈsɪtiz laɪk ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ tərn ˈsɑləd ˈprɑʤɛkts laɪk ðiz ˈɪntu ˈstændərd ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ prəˈsiʤər. ɪz jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt prəˈtɛktɪd baɪk leɪn ɪn ɑr ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd ˌɪnvənˈtɔri? ʧɛk ɪt aʊt ənd sɛnd ən iˈmeɪl (wɪθ lɪŋks tɪ nuz ˈkəvərɪʤ ər ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, ɪf ˈpɑsəbəl) tɪ [iˈmeɪl prəˈtɛktɪd] ɪf mɪst ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. hɛlps juz. kəmˈjunɪtiz bɪld ˈbɛtər ˈbaɪkɪŋ, ˈfæstər. ju kən ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər ər ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ər saɪn əp fər ɑr ˈwikli nuz ˈdaɪʤɛst əˈbaʊt ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈbaɪkɪŋ ˈnɛtˌwərks. ˈstɔri tɪp? raɪt [iˈmeɪl prəˈtɛktɪd] si ɔl prəˈtɛktɪd baɪk leɪnz blɔg ˈɛntriz

michael andersen, green lane project staff writer rosemead boulevard in temple city, california. photo: streetsblog l.a. what a difference a year makes. when we sat down to make the inaugural 2013 edition of this list, we had a few superstars up top: chicago’s transformative dearborn street, indianapolis’s spectacular cultural trail. but last year also had what sports fans might call a shallow bench. outside a few cities, there just weren’t that many new protected bike lanes to choose from. we’re thrilled to observe, looking at our inventory of such projects around the country, that as of 2014 this is no longer the case. this was the year that saw protected lanes pop up in tempe, arizona; in athens, georgia; in pentagon city, virginia. last year, half of the new mileage of protected bike lanes nationwide was in the green lane project’s six focus cities. this year, protected bike lanes grew twice as fast, and our six focus cities accounted for less than a quarter of the new growth. as we wrote in august, protected bike lanes have become as american as deep-dish pizza. after the last 12 months of traveling the country, quizzing the experts and tracking the news, here are our picks for the 10 best new bike lanes of 2014. 1) polk street, san francisco photo: sergio ruiz via streetsblog sf. the biggest obstacle to better biking in the united states is that most americans simply haven’t gotten a taste of whatgreat” feels like. polk street is barely a third of a mile long, but no one who rides it will ever fail to realize how nice a bike lane can get — and thanks to its location one block from city hall, that group now includes most of san francisco’s supervisors. polk, painted green on each side of a one-way street, is separated by curbs and a planter adorned with local cacti. san francisco’s legendarily cautious public process kept this project in the works for 15 years, but when it finally opened last spring, streetsblog called itthe best segment of bicycle infrastructure in san francisco.” the subtext: these changes can’t pay off in ridership until they stretch further down polk. in the next few years, we expect this demo to prove that greatness is contagious. 2) 2nd avenue, seattle it was 2010 when seattle news site publicola called 2nd avenue’s old stripe of door-zone white paintthe worst bike lane in the city.” so many rejoiced when mayor ed murray announced in may that 2nd would be the site of downtown’s first protected bike lane, and that it’d be finished in just four months. the lane opened on schedule — but, tragically, nine days too late. a week before the new design was put in place, civil rights lawyer and new mom sher kung was killed by a left-turning truck while riding in the old painted lane. the bike-only signals that were about to be installed probably would have saved kung’s life. this fall, a ghost bike sat at the corner of 2nd and university — as much a memorial to kung’s life as the platoons of riders rolling, safely and comfortably, in the new protected lane. 3) riverside drive, memphis photo: city of memphis. in bike planning, memphis is the anti-san francisco. the city reasons that there’s no better way to make its planning process public than to rapidly get a project on the ground, listen to the ways people react to it, and adjust as needed.ready, fire, aim,” memphis planner kyle wagenschutz says. riverside drive is a perfect example of that agile approach. instead of reopening all four lanes to auto traffic after riverside’s annual closure for the memphis in may festival, the city restriped half the street to create two lanes of car traffic, a bidirectional median-protected bike lane and a walkway. soon, this route will be the best link between downtown memphis and the new harahan bridge crossing to arkansas. 4) rosemead boulevard, temple city photo: streetsblog l.a. protected bike lanes passed a milestone in 2014: they made it to the burbs. in virginia’s arlington county, maryland’s north bethesda and here northeast of los angeles, street designers proved that protected lanes can be even more important in sprawling areas than they are in urban ones — especially when they’re as straight and as visible as rosemead’s. no wonder this project, which opened in may, is already inspiring nearby pasadena. if outer los angeles can build bike lanes this nice, anyone can. 5) furness drive, austin photo: city of austin. austinites spent 17 years arguing about whether a $1.2 million bridge should cross a creek that separates a relatively poor neighborhood from its local elementary school. when bridge proponents won, it might have been the end of the story — if city planners hadn’t asked whether, after all that, it might be a good idea to also think about the street between the bridge and the school. eight months and $20,000 later, the city had used posts and paint along one side of an intersection-free road to create a safe and direct route to the school’s door. 6) broadway, seattle photo: coppola photography. seattle bike blog calls themsmurf turds,” but we’ll just call them clever. the water-filled plastic loops combine with curbs, posts and parked cars to create a comfortable bikeway through the middle of one of the city’s densest commercial areas. though always wary to endorse a two-way protected lane on a two-way street, broadway uses signal phasing and lots of green paint to keep bikes both separated and visible. quality bike access to this major commercial street wouldn’t have happened any other way. 7) sw multnomah boulevard, portland the country’s bikingest metro area has been moving slower lately with bikweway upgrades, but it’s still thinking six moves ahead. when storm drainage plans required rain gardens along this key route through a bike-unfriendly neighborhood, the city threw in another $2 million to build a few blocks of elevated bike lane, too. the result, which separates bikes and auto traffic by its curb and a parking lane, is an oasis of bike-friendliness in southwest portland — but if nearby barbur boulevard gets a mass transit line and protected bike lanes of its own as proposed, multnomah will suddenly become an essential link to the rest of the city. this project deserves its slot for vision alone. 8) penn avenue, pittsburgh if pittsburgh sticks with its plans, this rapidly executed project — announced in july, built by september — will become the spinal cord of a new on-street biking network that’ll link the city’s excellent riverside paths to commercial and cultural destinations downtown. downtown business leaders lined up behind this project and allegheny county followed too, promising connecting protected lanes on two nearby bridges. though penn’s not perfect, neither was the status quo — and hey, neither were you when you were four months old. pittsburgh has always been a city of action, and that’s its style with bike lanes too. 9) king street, honolulu photo: being 808. when this lane opened two weeks ago, the country quietly crossed a different milestone: hawaii became the 26th u.s. state to get a protected bike lane. temperate, flat and sunny, honolulu could easily addbiking paradise” to its list of assets, and mayor kirk caldwell seems dedicated to doing so. the bidirectional lane on king caught our eye for its length — two miles! — and its use of parking stops to create a nice temporary curb. 10) broadway, chicago photo: john greenfield, streetsblog chicago. after mayor rahm emanuel took office in 2011, his transportation team whirled into action, laying down 12 miles of protected bike lanes almost immediately. three years later, chicago is still building protected lanes faster than almost any city in the country. emanuel’s team added 3.25 miles in 2014, and a quarter-mile stretch of broadway that offers one of the city’s few protected lanes through commercial districts is arguably the most useful of those. if the country’s embrace of bike transportation keeps accelerating, it’ll be because cities like chicago turn solid projects like these into standard operating procedure. is your favorite protected bike lane in our nationwide inventory? check it out and send an email (with links to news coverage or photos, if possible) to [email protected] if we’ve missed anything. placesforbikes helps u.s. communities build better biking, faster. you can follow us on twitter or facebook or sign up for our weekly news digest about building all-ages biking networks. story tip? write [email protected] see all protected bike lanes blog entries

10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 851 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 851 haʊs əv lɔrdz ˈmənˌdeɪ, 10 dɪˈsɛmbər 2012 piɛm baɪ ðə lɔrd ˈbɪʃəp əv ˈbrɪstəl. ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ: ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər kˈwɛʃən piɛm æst baɪ lɔrd ˈbərkli tɪ æsk hər ˈgəvərnmənt wət prəˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈhaɪˌweɪz ˈbəʤɪt ɪz ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd tɪ ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər fər ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ. ərl ˈætli: maɪ lɔrdz, ðə ˈhaɪˌweɪz ˈeɪʤənsi wərks wɪθ ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈpɛrəˌlɛl rʊts, seɪf ˈækˌsɛs ənd ˈkrɔsɪŋ pɔɪnts tɪ ðə strəˈtiʤɪk rut ˈnɛtˌwərk. ðiz skimz ər ˈfəndɪd wɪˈθɪn ðə pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ əv smɔl ˌɪmˈpruvmənt skimz, ɔn wɪʧ ðə ɪkˈspɛndɪʧər ɪz əˈprɑksəmətli ˈmɪljən iʧ jɪr əˈkrɔs ðə pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ. prəˈvɪʒən fər ˈsaɪkəlɪsts ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər skimz. ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ ˈsaɪkəlɪsts ɪz ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ disaggregate*. lɔrd ˈbərkli: aɪ æm ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ ðə ˈmɪnɪstər fər ðət ˈænsər ənd aɪ kənˈgræʧəˌleɪt ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ɔn ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ðeɪ hæv ˈrisəntli əˈnaʊnst fər ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, dɪz hi əˈgri ðət ˈpɑsəbli ðɛr ɪz ə nid tɪ goʊ ˈfərðər? ðɛr ɪz ə poʊl ɪn ðə timestoday*, koʊˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, wɪʧ ʃoʊz ðət 25 əv ðə rɪˈspɑndənts θɪŋk ðət ˈsɛgrəˌgeɪtɪd ˈsaɪkəl leɪnz wʊd meɪk ˈpipəl ˈsaɪkəl mɔr. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊz ðət ˈoʊnli 2 əv ˈʤərniz ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri ər baɪ ˈsaɪkəl kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ə ˈfɪgjər əv əˈbaʊt 25 tɪ 35 ɪn ˈbɛlʤəm, ˈhɑlənd ənd ˈdɛnˌmɑrk. dɪz hi əˈgri ðət ɪt ɪz taɪm tɪ lʊk æt riˈæləˌkeɪtɪŋ speɪs ɔn ðə roʊdz fər ˈsaɪkəlz ənd prəˈvaɪdɪŋ məʧ ˈgreɪtər ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðət? ərl ˈætli: maɪ lɔrdz, ðə vjuz əv rɪˈspɑndənts tɪ ˈɛni ˈsərˌveɪ ər ˈɑbviəsli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. wi ʃʊd nɑt ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑrd ðɛm. wi ʃʊd teɪk əˈkaʊnt əv ðɛm. ˌsɛgrəˈgeɪʃən həz ɪts ˈbɛnəfɪts bɪˈkəz ju wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈdus ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈæksədənts fɑr mɔr ˈifɛktɪvli. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr ɪz ðə ˈɪʃu əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk juz əv ðə roʊd speɪs ənd ðə ˈbɪznɪs keɪs ɪf ju wɔnt səʧ ə skim. ɪn ˈləndən, ðiz ər ˈmætərz fər ˈtrænspɔrt fər ˈləndən. lɔrd taverne*: maɪ lɔrdz, dɪz ðə ˈmɪnɪstər əkˈsɛpt ðət ðə ˈbaɪsɪkəl ɪz ðə moʊst ɪˈfɪʃənt məˈʃin ˈɛvər ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd fər kənˈvərtɪŋ ˈɛnərʤi ˈɪntu ˈmoʊʃən ənd ðət ðə ˈbaɪsɪkəl kʊd bi ˈækjərətli dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə grin kɑr ðət kən rən ɔn tæp ˈwɔtər ənd ti keɪks ənd həz ə ˈbɪlˌtɪn ʤɪm? dɪz hi ˈðɛrˌfɔr əˈgri ðət ɪt meɪks sɛns tɪ beɪs ˈpɑləsi fər ˈpraɪvət ˈərbən ˈtrænspɔrt ɔn ðə ˈmɑtoʊ, wilz gʊd; fɔr wilz bad”*”? ərl ˈætli: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ əˈgri wɪθ maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd. wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə juz əv ðə ˈbaɪsɪkəl ɪz ðə hɛlθ ˈbɛnəfɪts. ðət ɪz waɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt səˈpɔrt ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ ənd waɪ ðə ˈpriviəs ˈgəvərnmənt dɪd ɪgˈzæktli ðə seɪm θɪŋ. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 852 ˈbɛrənɪs kɪŋ əv boʊ: maɪ lɔrdz, wi ər ɔl əˈwɛr əv ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ, əˈspɛʃəli ɪf ju lɪv ɪn taʊər ˈhæmləts wɛr, ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ðə ˈsaɪkəlɪst tɪ daɪ ɪn ˈləndən ðɪs jɪr wɑz prəˈnaʊnst dɛd ɔn kəˈmərʃəl roʊd. aɪ wɔnt tɪ æsk ðə ˈmɪnɪstər əˈbaʊt əˈnəðər ˈdeɪnʤər ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈsaɪkəlɪsts. aɪ rɪˈfər tɪ ðə haɪ ˈlɛvəlz əv ɪgˈzɔst fjumz ənd ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələts ðət ðeɪ ˌɪnˈheɪl. kən ðə ˈmɪnɪstər ˈhæzərd ə gɛs ɛz tɪ ˈwɛðər, seɪ, ə ˈhæˌfaʊər kəmˈjut ɔn ə ˈbaɪsɪkəl ɪn ˈtræfɪk ɪz ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv wən ˌsɪgəˈrɛt ə deɪ ər 20 ˌsɪgəˈrɛts ə deɪ? ɪf hi ɪz nɑt aɪ æm hi bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ raɪt tɪ mi wɪθ ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈrisərʧ ˈɛvədəns ənd ˈgəvərnmənt ˈgaɪdəns soʊ ðət ˈsaɪkəlɪsts kən bi əˈʃʊrd ðət ðɛr ˈhɛlθi ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl ɪz nɑt, ɪn fækt, ə fæst træk tɪ ləŋ ˈkænsər? ərl ˈætli: maɪ lɔrdz, ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs wɪl bi əˈwɛr ðət ðə ˈpriviəs meɪər əv ˈləndən ˌɪntrəˈdust ə loʊər ɪˈmɪʃənz zoʊn fər ˈləndən tɪ ˈtækəl ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ɪˈmɪʃənz. aɪ əkˈsɛpt ðət ðeɪ ər tu haɪ, bət ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ rɪˈdus ðə ˈlɛvəlz. lɔrd kwərk: lɛgz good”*” ɪz baɪ ɔl minz ˈbɛtər ðən wilz good”*”. kən wi nɑt hæv səm ˌgɛrənˈti əv ðə ˈseɪfti əv pəˈdɛstriənz ɔn ðə ˈpeɪvmənt ɛz wɛl ɛz əv kɔrs səˈpɔrt fər ðə nid tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈsaɪkəlɪsts? ərl ˈætli: maɪ lɔrdz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt səˈpɔrt ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ, wi du soʊ ˈoʊnli wɛr ɪt ɪz ˈligəl. ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət ˈsaɪkəlɪsts du nɑt raɪd ðɛr ˈsaɪkəlz ɔn ðə ˈfʊtˌpæθ. ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ɪz ən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl ˈmætər fər ðə pəˈlis. lɔrd juz əv ˈwʊdˌsaɪd: maɪ lɔrdz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi məst du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ðə ˈseɪfti əv ˈsaɪkəlɪsts, dɪz ðə ˈmɪnɪstər əˈgri ðət ˈsaɪkəlɪsts ðɛmˈsɛlvz kən du məʧ tɪ hɛlp ðɛr oʊn ˈseɪfti? fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪn ðə ˈivnɪŋ, wɪn ɪt ɪz dɑrk, wən ˈhɑrdli siz ðə ˈbaɪsɪkəl laɪt ˈflæʃɪŋ. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ˈsaɪkəlɪsts sim tɪ wɛr ðə ˈdɑrkəst əv kloʊðz, wɪʧ meɪks ðɛm ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl. ʃʊd nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ bi dən tɪ ˈɛʤəˌkeɪt ðɛm, fərst, tɪ hæv ˈdisənt laɪts ənd, ˈsɛkəndli, tɪ wɛr ˌflʊˈrɛsənt ˈʤækɪts soʊ ðət ðeɪ kən bi ˈizəli sin? ərl ˈætli: maɪ lɔrdz, ðə ˈhaɪˌweɪ koʊd ædˈvaɪzɪz ˈsaɪkəlɪsts tɪ wɛr əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈkloʊðɪŋ ɔl ðə taɪm ənd meɪk ʃʊr ðət ðɛr laɪts wərk. ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd ɪz raɪt. ˈsaɪkəlɪsts kən du ə lɔt tɪ meɪk ðɛmˈsɛlvz lɛs ˈvəlnərəbəl. ˈbɛrənɪs ˈgɑrdnər əv pɑrks: maɪ lɔrdz, ɪz ðə ˈmɪnɪstər əˈwɛr ðət, ɪn ˈləndən, ə greɪt ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈfeɪtəl ˈæksədənts əˈkər wɪn ˈpipəl ər drægd ˈəndər ɛz lɑrʤ ˈviɪkəlz tərn lɛft, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli sɪˈmɛnt ˈviɪkəlz ənd weɪst dɪˈspoʊzəl ˈviɪkəlz ˈkɛriɪŋ skɪps? ðə frənt wil hɪts ə ˈpərsən, bət ɪt ɪz ðə bæk wil ðət kɪlz ðɛm. ɪf ə bɑr wɑz pʊt əˈlɔŋ ðə saɪd tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðə ˈbaɪsɪkəl biɪŋ drægd ˈəndər ðə ˈviɪkəl ɪt wʊd seɪv ˈmɛni lɪvz. ɪz ðɛr ˈɛni θɔt əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ðət? ərl ˈætli: maɪ lɔrdz, ðɛr ər ɔˈrɛdi ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ɪn pleɪs ðət ˌrikˈwaɪər saɪd gɑrdz tɪ bi ˈfɪtɪd tɪ ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈhɛvi gʊdz ˈviɪkəlz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, kənˈstrəkʃən ˈviɪkəlz ər ɪgˈzɛmpt. ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv saɪd gɑrdz ənd wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli rɪˈdus ðə ˈnəmbər əv ɪgˈzɛmpʃənz. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 853 lɔrd ˈdeɪviz əv ˈoʊldəm: maɪ lɔrdz, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɔn frəm ðə ˈpriviəs kˈwɛʃən, ɪz ðə ˈmɪnɪstər nɑt kənˈsərnd ðət ðə ˈæksədənt reɪt fər ˈsaɪkəlɪsts ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ əˈlɑrmɪŋli, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ˈləndən? ˈsaɪkəlɪsts hæv ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈprɑbləm ɪn ˈkoʊpɪŋ wɪθ lɑrʤ wɛr ðɛr ər noʊ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd leɪnz. ˈsɛvərəl əv ðə dɛθs hæv əˈkərd æt səʧ. waɪ du ðə ˈgəvərnmənt nɑt teɪk əp ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ðət ðə taɪmz həz lɔnʧt, fɪt fər cycling”*”, ɪn wɪʧ ɪt sɪz ðət ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ gɪt ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ˈsaɪkəl leɪnz ənd ˌɪmˈpruv ɑr ˈseɪfti ˈrɛkərd wi nid ˈmɪljən ə jɪr spɛnt ɔn ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ? ərl ˈætli: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ əˈʃʊr ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd ðət wi ər peɪɪŋ kloʊz əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə taɪmz kæmˈpeɪn fər ðə ˈvɛri ˈrizənz ðət ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd pɔɪnts aʊt. ðɪs ɪz əv kɔrs ə kˈwɛʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈhaɪˌweɪz ˈeɪʤənsi, wɪʧ həz ə reɪnʤ əv ˈloʊkəl ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈmænɪʤmənt skimz tɪ meɪk ˌɪmˈpruvmənts wɛr ˈsaɪkəl rʊts krɔs ðə strəˈtiʤɪk rut ˈnɛtˌwərk ər ðɛr ər ˌsɛgrəˈgeɪʃən ˈprɑbləmz. ˈbɛrənɪs ˈmækənˌtɔʃ əv ˈhədnəl: maɪ lɔrdz, ˈgɪvɪn ðət moʊst ˈpipəl ˈdraɪvɪŋ ɔn ðə roʊdz ˈprɑbəˌbli tʊk ðɛr tɛsts kwaɪt ə lɔŋ taɪm hæv tɪ seɪ ðət aɪ ˈsərtənli ðə ˈnoʊbəl ərl ˈkɑnfədənt ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈmɛθədz əv ˈtɛstɪŋ jəŋ ˈdraɪvərz teɪk səˈfɪʃənt əˈkaʊnt əv ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz tɪ ˈsaɪkəlɪsts ðət ˈdraɪvərz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn vju əv ðə fækt ðət noʊ ˈmætər haʊ məʧ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪz meɪd ɪn ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ rʊts, ˈsaɪkəlɪsts wɪl hæv tɪ ʃɛr ðə roʊd wɪθ ˈdraɪvərz fər æt list səm əv ðə taɪm? ərl ˈætli: ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs meɪks ən ɪkˈstrimli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɔɪnt. aɪ kən əˈʃʊr hər ðət ðə ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈstændərdz ˈeɪʤənsi əˈʤəsts ðə tɛst tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət ɪt ˈprɑpərli rɪˈflɛkts ðə nidz əv ˈsaɪkəlɪsts. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, aɪ ʃʊd pɔɪnt aʊt tɪ jʊr ðə nid ˈrɛgjələrli tɪ rɛd ðə ˈhaɪˌweɪ koʊd bɪˈkəz ɪts ˈkɑntɛnts ʧeɪnʤ, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn rɪˈspɛkt əv roʊd ˈmɑrkɪŋz rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ ˈsaɪkəlɪsts. juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈbəʤɪt: ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɪmˈpækt kˈwɛʃən piɛm æst baɪ lɔrd ˈrɑbərts əv tɪ æsk hər ˈgəvərnmənt wət əˈsɛsmənt ðeɪ hæv meɪd əv ðə ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm ɪˈkɑnəmi əv ðə ˈaʊtˌkəmz əv ðə cliff”*” dɪˈskəʃənz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əv əˈmɛrɪkə. lɔrd ˈnubi: maɪ lɔrdz, ðə ˈɔfəs fər ˈbəʤɪt riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti, wɪʧ ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər prəˈdusɪŋ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd ˈfɪskəl ˈfɔrˌkæsts fər ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, beɪst ɪts ˈfɔrˌkæsts læst wik ɔn ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət ˈfɪskəl ˈpɑləsi wɪl bi ˈtaɪtənd ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs baɪ bɪtˈwin 1 ənd 2 əv ˈjuˈɛs. ðɪs, ɪn tərn, əˈsumz ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈkɑŋgrəs wɪl riʧ ə ˈbəʤɪt ˈsɛtəlmənt baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə jɪr ənd ðət ðə ˈfɪskəl klɪf wɪl bi əˈvɔɪdɪd. lɔrd ˈrɑbərts əv: ɪz maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd əˈwɛr, ɛz aɪ æm ʃʊr hi ɪz, ðət ˈmɛni bɪˈliv ðət ənˈlɛs ðə ˈfɪskəl ˈkraɪsəs ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɪz əˈvərtəd, ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ɛz ɪt dɪz səm ˈhənərdz əv ˈbɪljənz əv dollars’*’ wərθ əv tæks ˈraɪzɪz ənd ˈspɛndɪŋ, ðɛr ɪz ə rɪsk ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs kʊd rɪˈtərn tɪ ˌriˈsɛʃən, ənd ðə ˈprɑspɛkts fər ɑr ɪkˈspɔrtərz 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 854 tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kʊd bi ˈvɛri ˈglumi ˌɪnˈdid? səʧ ˈprɑspɛkts ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈglumi ɪn ðə ənd ˈəðər ˈkəntriz wɛr loʊər groʊθ ɪz ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd. ɪz ðɛr ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈrɛmədi fər ðət ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ʃʊd ɪt dɪˈvɛləp? lɔrd ˈnubi: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ əˈgri wɪθ ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz ɪkˈstrimli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ɑr ɪkˈspɔrtərz. læst jɪr, wi ɪkˈspɔrtəd ˈbɪljən əv gʊdz ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs, wɪʧ əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ 16 əv ɑr ˈtoʊtəl ˈɛkspɔrts. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, pərˈhæps aɪ hæv wɔʧt tu ˈmɛni ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz əv wɛst wing”*” bət aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt ðət ə dil ɔn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈbəʤɪt wɪl bi dən ɪn taɪm, ɔlˈbiɪt æt ðə læst ˈmɪnət. lɔrd bilimoria*: maɪ lɔrdz, ɪt ɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət ɪf ðə ˈjuˈɛs fɔlz ɔf ɪts ˈfɪskəl klɪf, ɪts wɪl fɔl sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli. wɪl ðə ˈmɪnɪstər ədˈmɪt ðət, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈʧænsələr seɪɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɔtəm ˈsteɪtmənt ðət ˈdɛfəsət rɪˈdəkʃən wɪl naʊ teɪk θri jɪrz ˈlɔŋgər, wi ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri hæv ɔˈrɛdi ˈfɑlən ɔf ɑr oʊn ˈfɪskəl klɪf? lɔrd ˈnubi: noʊ, maɪ lɔrdz, ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪz kwaɪt ðə ˈɑpəzɪt. ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tʊk dɪˈsaɪsɪv ˈækʃən ɪn 2010 tɪ ˈifɛkt ə ˈfɪskəl kənˌsɑləˈdeɪʃən ˈoʊvər ə ˈnəmbər əv ðɛn flɛkst ðət, ˈgɪvɪn ðə səˈvɪr ˈhɛdˌwɪndz ðət wi feɪst frəm ðə ðət wi ər nɑt feɪst wɪθ ə ˈfɪskəl klɪf ənd wi ər naʊ ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ ə ˈpɪriəd əv groʊθ nɛkst jɪr ðət wɪl bi haɪər ðən ðət ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə. lɔrd ˈdeɪviz əv ˈoʊldəm: maɪ lɔrdz, ɪt ɪz ɔl raɪt fər ðə ˈmɪnɪstər tɪ wɪʃ ðə əˈmɛrɪkənz wɛl, bət waɪ du ðə ˈgəvərnmənt nɑt ˈɛmjəˌleɪt ðɛm? ɪz hi ˌənəˈwɛr əv ðə fækt ðət ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ɪˈkɑnəmi həz bɪn groʊɪŋ æt 2 waɪl wi ər ˈtitərɪŋ ɔn ðə ɛʤ əv ɑr oʊn klɪf təˈwɔrdz ə θərd ˌriˈsɛʃən? lɔrd ˈnubi: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ əˈgri wɪθ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɔn ðɪs. ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz: oʊ! lɔrd ˈnubi: ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr, ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ɪˈkɑnəmiz, hi sɛd ðət, əˈbʤɛktɪvz ər ˈkɑmən, wɪʧ ɪz wi wɔnt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət wi hæv ˈgəvərnmənts ðət ər lin, ðət ər ˈifɛktɪv, ðət ər ɪˈfɪʃənt, ðət ər prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ɑr ˈpipəl, ðət ər ˈprɑpərli peɪd fər soʊ ðət nɑt ˈlivɪŋ ɪt tɪ ðə nɛkst generation”*”. ˈbɛrənɪs ˈkreɪmər: aɪ æsk ðə ˈmɪnɪstər nɑt tɪ ˈɛmjəˌleɪt ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈfɪskəl klɪf ənd tɪ goʊ fər ˈsərtənti ɪn ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈfɪskəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, dɪz hi nɑt əˈgri ðət ˈbrɪtɪʃ ɪkˈspɔrtərz ʃʊd bi ˈkɛrfəl nɑt tɪ ˈoʊvərriˈækt tɪ ˈiðər ðə ˈfɪskəl klɪf ər ðə ˈkraɪsəs? ɪn ðə ˈɔtəm ˈsteɪtmənt, ðɛr wɑz mɔr ðən ˈbɪljən ɪn əˈdɪʃənəl ˈgəvərnmənt səˈpɔrt fər ˈɛkspɔrts; ʃʊd nɑt ˈbɪznɪsɪz boʊθ smɔl ənd lɑrʤ bi ˈsizɪŋ ðoʊz ˈsizɪŋ ðɛm naʊ? lɔrd ˈnubi: aɪ ˌæbsəˈlutli əˈgri. ðə ˈʧælənʤ naʊ ɪz fər ɪkˈspɔrtərz tɪ kənˈtɪnju ɪkˈspɔrtɪŋ ɪn ˈmɑrkɪts wɛr ðeɪ ɔˈrɛdi du ðət. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɑr ˈɛkspɔrts tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ðɪs jɪr hæv ˌɪnˈkrist baɪ 4 ənd ər ˈðɛrˌfɔr stɪl ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪts. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn əˈdɪʃən, 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 855 ðə ki ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ mɔr ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪkˈspɔrtɪŋ tɪ ðə nuər ˈmɑrkɪts. ðət ɪz waɪ ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ˈɛkspɔrts tɪ ˈʧaɪnə, brəˈzɪl ənd ˈɪndiə ˈoʊvər ðə pæst tu jɪrz hæv bɪn soʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt. lɔrd ˈsoʊli: ðə ˈmɪnɪstər rɪˈfərd tɪ ðə dɪˈsaɪsɪv ˈækʃən ɪn 2010 ˈʃʊrli wət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wər duɪŋ æt ðət taɪm wɑz ˈtɔkɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈɪntu ə ˈdipər ˌriˈsɛʃən ðən ðə wən wi wər ɔˈrɛdi goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu. ˈsɛkəndli, dɪz hi nɑt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət wɪˈθaʊt groʊθ wi wɪl nɑt gɪt aʊt əv ðə ˈprɑbləmz wi ər ɪn? hɪˈstɔrɪkəli, ˈkətɪŋ ˈdɛfɪsɪts dɪz nɑt ˈrɪli wərk ənˈlɛs ju hæv haɪ groʊθ ɛz wɛl. wi du nɑt hæv ðət ənd ɪt dɪz nɑt lʊk ɛz ðoʊ wi wɪl gɪt ɪt ˈəndər ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈpɑləsiz. lɔrd ˈnubi: maɪ lɔrdz, ɪf ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæd nɑt əˈdɑptəd ə ˈkrɛdəbəl ˈfɪskəl ˈpɑləsi ɪn 2010 ɪt ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtən ðət ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts ɪn ðə wʊd naʊ bi sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli haɪər ðən ðeɪ ər, ɛz ðeɪ ər ɪn məʧ əv ðə. bɛr ɪn maɪnd ðət ˈɛvəri 1 ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts minz ˈbɪljən ˈɛkstrə ɪn ˈmɔrgɪʤ ˈpeɪmənts. ðɪs wʊd hæv bɪn hæv bɪn ə juʤ ˈgæmbəl ðət wʊd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli hæv feɪld hæd wi nɑt ˈteɪkən dɪˈsaɪsɪv ˈækʃən ɪn 2010 lɔrd ˈfɔrˌsaɪθ əv drumlean*: maɪ lɔrdz, ɪz ðə ˈlɛsən ðət wi nid tɪ lərn frəm boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə əˈtlæntɪk nɑt ðət ɪf ˈgəvərnmənts lɪv bɪɔnd ðɛr minz ənd reɪz ðə tæks ˈbərdən tu haɪ, groʊθ ˈlɛsən ðət maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd lɔrd ˈlɔsən tɔt ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðə ənd wɪʧ wi nid tɪ riˈlɛrn? lɔrd ˈnubi: maɪ lɔrdz, ðə ki ˈʧælənʤ fər ˈgəvərnmənts, ˈiðər ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri ər ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv ðə pɑnd, ɪz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ðɛr ɪz ə ˈkrɛdəbəl ˈfɪskəl ˈfreɪmˌwərk ənd ə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ɪˈkɑnəmi soʊ ðət ˈbɪznɪsɪz kən ˌɪnˈvɛst. ðət ɪz wət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæv bɪn ˈsikɪŋ tɪ əˈʧiv. lɔrd ˈtɑmlɪnsən: maɪ lɔrdz, ɪf ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz duɪŋ ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd səˈʤɛsts, dɪz hi rɪˈgɑrd ðə θrɛts frəm ðə ˈreɪtɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsiz ɛz biɪŋ ə voʊt əv ˈkɑnfədɛns? lɔrd ˈnubi: maɪ lɔrdz, ðə ˈreɪtɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsiz, ɛz wi ɔl noʊ, hæv ən ənˈblɛmɪʃt ˈrɛkərd ɪn ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ˈbɪznɪsɪz ənd ˈkəntriz. fər ðoʊz ˈkəntriz ðət hæv sin ðɛr ˈkrɛdɪt ˈreɪtɪŋ rɪˈdust, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ðɛr həz bɪn ˈvərʧuəli noʊ ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ. ˈbɛrənɪs o'cathain*: maɪ lɔrdz, kən wi nɑt ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət treɪd ɪz ə ˈtuˌweɪ θɪŋ? ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˌsəbstɪˈtuʃən ənd ˈɛkspɔrts. wi ʃʊd ɪnˈkərəʤ mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˌsəbstɪˈtuʃən ɪn ɔl ɑr ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri. ɪt ɪz ˈnɛvər ˈmɛnʃənd ənd ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈrizən waɪ səm əv ðə ˈwəndərfəl ˈbrɪtɪʃ gʊdz ðət ər ɪkˈspɔrtəd tɪ ərn ˈfɔrən ˈkərənsiz ʃʊd nɑt bi bɔt baɪ ˈpipəl hir, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ rɪˈdusɪŋ ɑr ˌɪmˈpɔrts. lɔrd ˈnubi: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ ˌæbsəˈlutli əˈgri wɪθ maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd, ənd ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət wi du ɔl wi kən tɪ səˈpɔrt nu ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz, səʧ ɛz ðə wən biɪŋ lɛd baɪ maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd lɔrd əˈlaɪəns tɪ ˌriɪnˈvɪgərˌeɪt ðə ˈtɛkˌstaɪl ˈɪndəstri ɪn ðə north-west*, wɛr ðɛr naʊ 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 856 əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ðə wi gɪt ɪt kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈɔlˌmoʊst ʤɑbz ɪn ˈtɛkˌstaɪl ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn ə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən. ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz: ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz kˈwɛʃən piɛm æst baɪ lɔrd ˈtrɛfgɑrn tɪ æsk hər ˈgəvərnmənt wət ər ðə rɪˈspɛktɪv nuˈmɛrɪkəl strɛŋθs əv ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz əv ðə rɔɪəl ˈneɪvi, ˈɑrmi ənd ðə rɔɪəl ɛr fɔrs, ənd wət prəˈpɔrʃən əv ðoʊz ˌpərsəˈnɛl ər rɪˈzərvɪsts. ðə ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri əv steɪt, ˈmɪnɪstri əv dɪˈfɛns (lɔrd ˈæstər əv hever*): maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ æm ʃʊr ðə hoʊl haʊs wɪl wɪʃ tɪ ʤɔɪn mi ɪn ˈɔfərɪŋ sɪnˈsɪr kənˈdoʊlənsəz tɪ ðə ˈfæməli ənd frɛndz əv ˈkæptən ˈwɔltər ˈbɛri, bəˈtæljən ðə rɔɪəl ˈrɛʤəmənt əv ˈskɑtlənd, hu wɑz kɪld ɔn ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn ˈrisəntli. maɪ θɔts ər ˈɔlsoʊ wɪθ ðə ˈwundɪd, ənd aɪ peɪ ˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə kərɪʤ ənd ˈfɔrtɪˌtud ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ feɪs ðɛr ˌriəˌbɪləˈteɪʃən. ɔn ðə kˈwɛʃən, ɪn ˈeɪprəl ðɪs jɪr ðə nuˈmɛrɪkəl strɛŋθ əv ðə ˈneɪvəl ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪs wɑz əv hum ˈəndər rɪˈzərvɪsts. ðə strɛŋθ əv ðə ˈɑrmi ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪs wɑz əv wɪʧ rɪˈzərvɪsts, ənd ðə strɛŋθ əv ðə rɔɪəl ɛr fɔrs ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪs wɑz əv wɪʧ rɪˈzərvɪsts. ˈmɛmbərz əv ɔl θri ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz, ˈrɛgjələr ənd rɪˈzərv, ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz tɪ ɑr ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn, ənd aɪ peɪ ˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðɛm. lɔrd ˈtrɛfgɑrn: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ æm ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd fər ðət ˈhɛlpfəl rɪˈplaɪ. ɪf ɪt ɪz ðə aɪ bɪˈliv ɪt ɪz, ənd aɪ səˈpɔrt ˌɪnˈkris ðə juz əv rɪˈzərvɪsts ɪn ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz əv ɑr θri ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət wi hæv ə gʊd səˈplaɪ əv ɪkˈspɪriənst ənd treɪnd ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌpərsəˈnɛl, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli frəm ðə ˈnæʃənəl hɛlθ ˈsərvɪs. ɪz ðə ˈmɪnɪstər ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd ðət ðə ˈnæʃənəl hɛlθ ˈsərvɪs, wɪʧ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz prɛst ɪn ˈmɛni ˈɛriəz, wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ səˈplaɪ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌpərsəˈnɛl ðət wɪl bi rikˈwaɪərd ɪn fˈjuʧər jɪrz, ənd ðət noʊ ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri riˈstrɪkʃənz wɪl bi pleɪst ɪn ðɛr weɪ? lɔrd ˈæstər əv hever*: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ əˈgri wɪθ maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd ðət wi wɪl nid ə gʊd səˈplaɪ əv rɪˈzərvɪsts ɪn fˈjuʧər. ɪmˈplɔɪiz ər fri tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə rɪˈzərvz wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns frəm ðɛr ɪmˈplɔɪər. ɪf ðeɪ kəm frəm ə trəst ðət dɪz nɑt hæv ðiz trəsts ər ˈvɛri kən stɪl ʤɔɪn ðə rɪˈzərvz, bət ɪn ðə wərst keɪs ðeɪ meɪ hæv tɪ teɪk liv tɪ treɪn. wi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz, ɛz dɪd ðə ˈpriviəs ˈgəvərnmənt, ðət maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ə ˈsɪriəs ˈprɑbləm. ðə ˈɪʃu ɪz biɪŋ əˈdrɛst baɪ ðə rɪˈzərvz ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ˈdɑkjəmɛnt. wi ər kənˈsəltɪŋ ɛz ˈwaɪdli ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət wi hæv ðə raɪt riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ɪmˈplɔɪərz ənd rɪˈzərvɪsts tɪ səˈsteɪn ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn fˈjuʧər. wi nid tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd wət ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ɪmˈplɔɪərz feɪs ɪn riˈlisɪŋ ðɛr stæf ənd tɪ du ɑr bɛst tɪ ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ðɛm. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 857 lɔrd ˈrɔsər: maɪ lɔrdz, wi, tu, ˈɔfər ɑr sɪnˈsɪr kənˈdoʊlənsəz tɪ ðə ˈfæməli ənd frɛndz əv ˈkæptən ˈwɔltər ˈbɛri. hɪz dɛθ ɪz əˈnəðər riˈmaɪndər əv ðə ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪz stɪl biɪŋ meɪd baɪ ˈmɛmbərz əv ɑr ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn ðə ˈsərvɪs əv ɑr ˈkəntri. ðə rɪˈpɔrt əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ðə dɛθ əv ˌɪˈræki səˈvɪljən faʊnd ðət ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈgaɪdəns ɔn ki ˈɛθɪkəl kˈwɛsʧənz wɑz nɑt prəˈvaɪdɪd tɪ ˌrɛʤəˈmɛntəl ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈɔfɪsərz æt ðə taɪm. ɪz ðə ˈmɪnɪstər naʊ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd ðət ɪf ðɛr wər tɪ bi ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌpərsəˈnɛl hu wər rɪˈzərvɪsts, əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈgaɪdəns wʊd ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðɛm praɪər tɪ dɪˈplɔɪmənt, ənd ðət ðeɪ wʊd bi ɛz ˈeɪbəl ɛz ˈrɛgjələr ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈɔfɪsərz tɪ rɪˈzɪst ˈɛni ˈprɛʃərz tɪ ðɛr ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃənz ər ˈlɔɪəltiz tɪ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈoʊvər ðɛr ˈɛθɪkəl ˈdutiz tɪ ˈpeɪʃənz? ˈfərðər, wɪl ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə rɪˈzərv ˈfɔrsɪz bi ðə seɪm ɛz ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈrɛgjələr ˈfɔrsɪz? lɔrd ˈæstər əv hever*: maɪ lɔrdz, ɪn ˈænsər tɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl fərst kˈwɛʃən, aɪ æm ˈprɪti ˈsərtən ðət aɪ kən gɪv ɪm ðət əˈʃʊrəns. laɪk ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz, aɪ hæv bɪn tɪ æfˈgænəˌstæn ənd sin ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl æt kæmp ˈbæsʧən. aɪ tɔkt tɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈzərvɪsts. ðeɪ wərk tɪ ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli haɪ ˈstændərd. ðə ɪz ˈvɛri ˈgreɪtfəl fər wət ɪts ˌpərsəˈnɛl pɪk əp ðɛr ənd ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ teɪk bæk tɪ ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv trəsts. lɔrd riˈbɛroʊ: maɪ lɔrdz, wɪl ðə ˈmɪnɪstər ɪkˈspleɪn tɪ ðə haʊs haʊ ðə ˌɛkspərˈtiz əv ðə dɪˈfɛns ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn, ˈmɛni əv hum ər rɪˈzərvɪsts, kən bi meɪnˈteɪnd ənd juzd tɪ ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ðə wɪn ðə ˈdrɔˌdaʊn əˈkərz ɪn 2014 lɔrd ˈæstər əv hever*: maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd æsks ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kˈwɛʃən. aɪ noʊ ðət hi wɑz aʊt ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn læst jɪr ənd sɔ ðə ˈvɛri gʊd wərk ðət ɑr ˈrɛgjələr ənd rɪˈzərvɪst ˈmɛdɪks du ðɛr. ðeɪ hæv seɪvd ə lɔt əv lɪvz. ðɛr ər tu ˈpɑsəbəl ˈænsərz tɪ maɪ ˈnoʊbəl kˈwɛʃən: fərst, ˈʃɛrɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns θru ˈtiʧɪŋ ɪn ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪn ˈtrɔmə ˈsɛntərz ənd, ˈsɛkəndli, ˈklɪnɪkəl ˈpleɪsmənts wɪθ ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈpɑrtnərz ɪn ˈɛriəz əv ˈkɑnflɪkt. lɔrd ˈpɑmər əv ʧaɪldz hɪl: maɪ lɔrdz, frəm ðiz ˈbɛnʧɪz aɪ ɪkˈsprɛs kənˈdoʊlənsəz æt ðə ˈlɔsɪz rɪˈfərd tɪ baɪ ðə ˈmɪnɪstər. wət wərk ər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt duɪŋ tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ˈkɑmən ˈfiʧərz əv ðə forces’*’ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz soʊ ðət wi meɪ strɛʧ ˈrisɔrsɪz ˈfərðər baɪ riˈmuvɪŋ ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˌdjupləˈkeɪʃən, pərˈhæps ɪn ˈɛriəz səʧ ɛz proʊˈkjʊrmənt ər ˈtreɪnɪŋ? lɔrd ˈæstər əv hever*: maɪ lɔrdz, ˈsɛvərəl ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz ər ˈəndər weɪ tɪ riˈmuv ˌdjupləˈkeɪʃən baɪ ðə ˈsɪŋgəl services’*’ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz. ðə fərst, ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ bi dɪˈlɪvərd ɔn 1 ˈeɪprəl nɛkst jɪr, ɪz ðə nu dɪˈfɛns ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ˈprɑʤɛkt. ðə ˈkɑrənt rɔɪəl ˈneɪvi, ˈɑrmi ənd ɛr fɔrs ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ˈsɪstəmz wɪl stɑrt tɪ ˈkɑmbaɪn tɪ fɔrm dɪˈfɛns ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ˈəndər ðə kəˈmænd əv ə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈɔfɪsər. ðə eɪm ɪz tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ənd kriˈeɪt ən ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən meɪd əp əv rɔɪəl ˈneɪvi, ˈɑrmi, rɔɪəl ɛr fɔrs ənd səˈvɪljən ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌpərsəˈnɛl ˈwərkɪŋ ˈʤɔɪntli tɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt ɔl ðə ˈpeɪʃənz ðeɪ sərv, tɪ ˈseɪfˌgɑrd ðə kˈwɑləti əv 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 858 ˈhɛlθˌkɛr fər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌpərsəˈnɛl, ðɛr dɪˈpɛndənts ənd ɛnˈtaɪtəld səˈvɪljənz, ənd tɪ ðə forces’*’ ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz. lɔrd wɛst əv spithead*: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ əˈgri wɪθ ðə ˈmɪnɪstər əˈbaʊt ðə juʤ praɪd wi hæv ɪn ɑr ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈfɔrsɪz əˈkrɔs ðə bɔrd. nɑt ˈoʊnli ər ðeɪ æt ðə ˈkətɪŋ ɛʤ əv skɪlz tɪ lʊk ˈæftər ˈpipəl hu, ˈvɛri ˈsædli, hæv ˈsəfərd ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪnʤəriz, bət ðeɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊn ˌɪˈmɛns ˈbreɪvəri. ˌɪnˈdid, tu ˈwɪmən hu ər ˈprɑbəˌbli əˈbaʊt hæf maɪ haɪt hæv ˈmænɪʤd tɪ wɪn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈkrɔsɪz ɪn ðə pæst θri jɪrz ɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈæftər ˈpipəl fər hum ðeɪ wər riˈspɑnsəbəl. wi ʃʊd fil ə juʤ dɛt əv ˈgrætəˌtud ənd praɪd ɪn ðɛm ɔl fər ðət. wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈsɛntər əv skɪl æt ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm ənd æt ˈhɛdli kɔrt ɪn tərmz əv ˈpipəl rɪˈkəvərɪŋ. wɪl ðə ˈmɪnɪstər tɛl ˈjuˈɛs wət wɪl ˈhæpən ɪf ˈskɑtlənd ˈsɛpərˌeɪts? ˈbɛrɪŋ ɪn maɪnd ðə kəmˈplɛksɪti əv haʊ ðɪs wərks, ɪt wɪl bi ɪkˈstrimli ˈdɪfəkəlt. haʊ wɪl ðət wərk aʊt? lɔrd ˈæstər əv hever*: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ əˈgri wɪθ ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd ɪn ðə fərst pɑrt əv hɪz kˈwɛʃən. aɪ hæv sin ə ˈnəmbər əv ðiz rɪˈzərvɪsts ənd ˈrɛgjələrz ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ɪn ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl æt kæmp ˈbæsʧən. aɪ æm ɪn ɔ əv wət ðeɪ du ənd ðə lɪvz ðeɪ ɪz əˈmeɪzɪŋ wərk. ɪn ˈænsər tɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈsɛkənd kˈwɛʃən, wi du nɑt ɛnˈvɪzɪʤ ðət ðɪs ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən. ˈbæŋkɪŋ: ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən kˈwɛʃən piɛm æst baɪ lɔrd bɑrˈnɛt tɪ æsk hər ˈgəvərnmənt wət ˈækʃən ðeɪ prəˈpoʊz wɪθ rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈɪndəstri. lɔrd ˈnubi: maɪ lɔrdz, hər ˈgəvərnmənt hæv kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl rɪˈfɔrm əv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm θru ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz bɪl, wɪʧ rɪˈsivd ɪts θərd ˈrɛdɪŋ ɪn ðə haʊs læst wik. ˈfərðər ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈɪndəstri wɪl bi kənˈteɪnd ɪn ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ rɪˈfɔrm bɪl, wɪʧ ɪz ˈkərəntli ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ˈskrutəni baɪ ðə ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri kəˈmɪʃən ɔn ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈstændərdz. lɔrd bɑrˈnɛt: həz ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd sin wət wɑz sɛd baɪ ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈgəvərnər əv ðə bæŋk əv ˈɪŋglənd læst wik ðət ðɪs kən bi dɛlt wɪθ wɪˈθaʊt ˈivɪn ˈbɑðərɪŋ wɪθ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən? fərst hi ðə bæŋks fər ˈhaɪdɪŋ ˈbɪljən əv dɛts ənd ðɛn hi wɛnt ɔn tɪ səˈʤɛst ðət bæŋks ʃʊd ˌɪnˈkris ðɛr ˈkæpɪtəl rɪˈzərvz ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. dɪz ðə ˈmɪnɪstər əˈgri wɪθ ðət, ər dɪz hi əˈgri wɪθ ðə bæŋks ðət seɪ ðət ɪf ðeɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈkæpɪtəl rɪˈzərvz ðeɪ ˈkænɑt ˈɔlsoʊ lɛnd ɛz ðə ˈʧænsələr həz səˈʤɛstɪd? wɪʧ wən əv ðoʊz dɪz ðə ˈmɪnɪstər əˈgri wɪθ? lɔrd ˈnubi: maɪ lɔrdz, ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈgəvərnər kən meɪk ˈsteɪtmənts æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt ðət ər ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz ənd hæv noʊ dɪˈrɛkt ˌɪmˈpækt ʃoʊz waɪ ðə nu ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈpɑləsi kəˈmɪti, wɪʧ ɪz ə nu ˈbɑdi dɪˈzaɪnd spəˈsɪfɪkli tɪ lʊk æt ðiz θɪŋz, ɪz soʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. aɪ æm ʃʊr ðət ðeɪ ər rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ɔn hɪz vjuz ənd wɪl bi oʊˈpaɪnɪŋ ɔn ðɛm ˈvɛri ˈʃɔrtli. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 859 lɔrd ˈʃɑrki: maɪ lɔrdz, ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən wɪl ˈʃʊrli prəˈvaɪd fər ˈpɛnəltiz fər ðoʊz hu breɪk ðə rulz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðə ˈmæsɪv əv ˈpɛnʃənz, ɛnˈdaʊmənts ər ˈpɑləsiz, ðə həz kənˈfərmd ðət ɪn ðə pæst faɪv jɪrz nɑt wən ˈsɪŋgəl bæŋk ɪmˈplɔɪi həz hæd ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈækʃən ˈteɪkən əˈgɛnst ðɛm. dɪz ðə ˈmɪnɪstər bɪˈliv ðət ðət ɪz raɪt, ənd kən hi riˈoʊpən ðə ˈɪʃu wɪθ ðə? lɔrd ˈnubi: maɪ lɔrdz, wən əv ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈprɑbləmz ðət wi ər ˈgræpəlɪŋ wɪθ ɪz ðət ˈbæŋkərz sim tɪ θɪŋk ðət ðeɪ lɪv ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt wərld tɪ ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs ənd ðət ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈvɔɪd nɑt ʤɪst ˈsɛnʃər bət ˈʧɑrʤɪz ɪf ðeɪ hæv dən ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ɪz ˈkrɪmənəli rɔŋ. ðət ɪz waɪ ɪn ðə ˈrisənt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz bɪl wi ˌɪntrəˈdust nu prəˈvɪʒənz tɪ dil wɪθ ˈpipəl hu hæv məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪd ðə ˈliˌbɔr reɪts soʊ ðət, wɪn ðə hoʊl ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ɪz ˈfʊli lʊkt ˈɪntu, ɪf ˈkrɪmənəl ˈækʃən ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, ɪt wɪl fər ðə fərst taɪm bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ bi ˈteɪkən əˈgɛnst ˈpipəl hu hæv ˈʧitɪd ðə ˈsɪstəm. lɔrd peston*: maɪ lɔrdz, ˈbɛrɪŋ ɪn maɪnd ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈneɪʧər əv ðə hoʊl ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈsɛktər, ənd ˈsərtənli əv ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈsɛktər, ɪn ðə əˈpɪnjən dɪz ˈɛni ˈsɛntrəl bæŋk ər ˈəðər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər, ˈæktɪŋ ɔn ɪts oʊn, hæv ˈɛni ʧæns əv səkˈsɛs? məst nɑt ðə fˈjuʧər ˈbeɪsɪs əv ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈpɑləsi bi wən əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl bɪtˈwin ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz ənd ðə ˈsɛntrəl bæŋks? lɔrd ˈnubi: jɛs, maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ kəmˈplitli əˈgri. wən əv ðə θɪŋz ðət ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈkraɪsəs həz ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ɪz ðət ðə bæŋks ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˈbɛtər ðən ˈgəvərnmənts ˌəndərˈstænd ɪt. wən əv ðə θɪŋz ðət wi hæv bɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ du, boʊθ θru ðə ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli, ɪz tɪ kloʊz ðət gæp. noʊ daʊt ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd həz sin ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪn ðə təˈdeɪ baɪ pɔl ˈtəkər frəm ðə bæŋk əv ˈɪŋglənd ənd ˈmɑrtɪn ˈgrʊnbərg, ðə ʧɛr əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl dɪˈpɑzət ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə steɪts, wɪʧ lʊks spəˈsɪfɪkli æt haʊ ju dil wɪθ riˈzɑlvɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz kənˈsərnɪŋ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst səˈstɛmɪkli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt bæŋks ɪn ðə wərld. lɔrd ˈlɔsən əv blaby*: maɪ lɔrdz, waɪl ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd peston*, ɪz ənˈdaʊtɪdli kərˈɛkt ðət ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪz dɪˈzaɪərəbəl, wɪl ðə ˈmɪnɪstər gɪv ən ˈəndərˌteɪkɪŋ ðət wi ʃæl nɑt hoʊld bæk ɔn wət nidz tɪ bi dən ˈsɪmpli bɪˈkəz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl meɪ nɑt bi ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ ər, ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt ɪz, ɪt meɪ nɑt bi ˈædəkˌweɪt? lɔrd ˈnubi: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ ˌæbsəˈlutli əˈgri. ðət ɪz waɪ wi hæv bɪn ɪn ðə ˈfɔrˌfrənt əv ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd plænz ˈəndər wɪʧ ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz kən bi riˈzɑlvd ənd waɪ, ˈəndər ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ rɪˈfɔrm bɪl, wi ər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ˈhævɪŋ ə əraʊnd ˈriˌteɪl bæŋks soʊ ðət wi du nɑt hæv ðə ˈprɑbləmz ðət wi hæv hæd ɪn ðə pæst. ðɪs wɪl goʊ əˈhɛd, ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈhæpənz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli. aɪ hoʊp ˈvɛri məʧ ðət ðɛr wɪl bi ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈækʃən, bət ˈækʃən ðət ɪz beɪst ˈvɛri məʧ ɔn ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈmɑdəl ənd wɪθ ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈlidərˌʃɪp. lɔrd məkˈfɔl əv alcluith*: maɪ lɔrdz, glass-steagall*, wɪʧ ˈgəvərnd ðə ˈgloʊbəl pruˈdɛnʃəl ˈsɪstəm, wɑz mɔr ðən 30 ˈpeɪʤɪz, ˈbɑzəl ˌɪnˈkrist ðət ˈtɛnˌfoʊld tɪ 350 ˈpeɪʤɪz ənd ˈbɑzəl ɪz naʊ 600 ˈpeɪʤɪz. dɪz ðɪs nɑt tɛl ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðə ˈsɪstəm ɪz ˈgəvərnd baɪ kəmˈplɛksɪti 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 860 ənd oʊˈpæsəti ənd ðət ðə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ geɪm ɪt ˌɪnˈkrisɪz? ɪz ðɛr nɑt ə keɪs fər ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈsɪstəm ənd ˈhævɪŋ ˈlɛvərɪʤ pleɪ ə ˈgreɪtər roʊl ɪn ðə ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈfreɪmˌwərk? ðə nid fər ˈstrəkʧərəl ʧeɪnʤ, ˌɪrəˈspɛktɪv əv wət ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ðə wərld, ɪz ˈərʤənt ɪn ðə ənd wi ʃʊd gɪt ɔn wɪθ ɪt. lɔrd ˈnubi: jɛs, maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ əˈgri. ˈbɑzəl ɪz ˌɪnˈdid ðət ˈnəmbər əv ˈpeɪʤɪz, waɪl aɪ θɪŋk ðət ðə ækt ɪn ðə steɪts ɪz mɔr ðən ˈpeɪʤɪz ənd ɪz soʊ ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ðət ðɛr ər ril kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz wɪl ˈɛvər bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ɪt. ˈgɪtɪŋ bæk tɪ wət aɪ wɑz seɪɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈbæŋkɪŋ rɪˈfɔrm hir, wən əv ðə ki ˈrizənz fər ˈhævɪŋ ə ɪz tɪ hæv ə ˈsɪmpələr ˈstrəkʧər ˈəndər wɪʧ ðə ˈriˌteɪl bæŋk ɪz ˈsɛgrəˌgeɪtɪd frəm ðə mɔr ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ənd kəˈsinoʊ ˈɛləmənts əv ðə ˈsɪstəm. wi θɪŋk ðət ðət wɪl brɪŋ ˈbɛnəfɪts fər kənˈsumərz ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˈgreɪtər stəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ðə ˈsɪstəm ɛz ə hoʊl. lɔrd ˈpɪrsən əv rannoch*: maɪ lɔrdz, ər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əˈwɛr əv ðə ˈpriviəs ˈrɪtən ˈænsər əv 21 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2009 tɪ ðə ˈifɛkt ðət ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˌsupərˈvɪʒən əv ɑr ɪnˈtaɪər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɪndəstri, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɑr ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈɪndəstri, hæd ɔˈrɛdi bɪn ˈhændɪd ˈoʊvər tɪ ˈbrəsəlz, ˈlivɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hir wɪθ ˈoʊnli ˈdeɪtuˌdeɪ kənˈtroʊl? dɪz ɪt ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈrɪli ˈmætər məʧ wət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt kəm əp wɪθ hir? lɔrd ˈnubi: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ æm əˈfreɪd ðət aɪ wɑz nɑt əˈwɛr əv ðət ˈkɑmɛnt baɪ ðə ˈpriviəs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ənd aɪ du nɑt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ɪt ɛz ə rɪˈflɛkʃən əv ðə weɪ ðət wi rən ɑr ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈsɪstəm. ˈbɪznɪs əv ðə haʊs ˈmoʊʃən ɔn ˈstændɪŋ ˈɔrdərz piɛm muvd baɪ lɔrd ðət ˈstændɪŋ ˈɔrdər 46 (noʊ tu ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ə bɪl tɪ bi ˈteɪkən ɔn wən deɪ) bi dɪˈspɛnst wɪθ ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ 11 dɪˈsɛmbər tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ðə pəˈlis (kəmˈpleɪnts ənd ˈkɑndəkt) bɪl tɪ bi ˈteɪkən θru ɪts rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈsteɪʤɪz ɔn ðət deɪ; ənd ðət ˈstændɪŋ ˈɔrdər 46 bi dɪˈspɛnst wɪθ ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ 18 dɪˈsɛmbər tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ðə smɔl ˈʧɛrətəbəl doʊˈneɪʃənz bɪl tɪ bi ˈteɪkən θru ɪts rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈsteɪʤɪz ɔn ðət deɪ. ˈmoʊʃən əˈgrid. ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪps (ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən) (ˈskɑtlənd) bɪl [hl*] ˈsɛkənd ˈrɛdɪŋ piɛm muvd baɪ lɔrd ˈwɔlɪs əv ðət ðə bɪl bi rɛd ə ˈsɛkənd taɪm. ðə fər ˈskɑtlənd (lɔrd ˈwɔlɪs əv): ə ˈsɛkənd ˈrɛdɪŋ kəˈmɪti kənˈsɪdərd ðə bɪl ɪn ðə ˈmoʊzɪs rum ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ 4 dɪˈsɛmbər. aɪ ˈðɛrˌfɔr bɛg tɪ muv ðɪs ˈmoʊʃən ˈfɔrməli. bɪl rɛd ə ˈsɛkənd taɪm ənd kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈpəblɪk bɪl kəˈmɪti. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 861 kraɪm ənd kɔrts bɪl [hl*] kraɪm ənd kɔrts bɪl rɪˈpɔrt deɪ) piɛm klɔz 23 ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ðə ˈmeɪkɪŋ, ənd juz, əv fɪlmz ənd ˈəðər rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz əv prəˈsidɪŋz əˈmɛndmənt 113 muvd baɪ ˈbɛrənɪs ˈkɛnədi əv ðə 113 klɔz 23 peɪʤ 22 laɪn 3 ˈæftər ““that”*” ˌɪnˈsərt əˈpɛˌleɪt proceedings”*” ˈbɛrənɪs ˈkɛnədi əv ðə: maɪ lɔrdz, ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt stændz ɪn maɪ neɪm ənd ðət əv ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈlɛstər əv hərn hɪl. ɪt siks tɪ ˈlɪmət ðə ˈtɛləˌvaɪzɪŋ əv kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz tɪ ðə kɔrt əv əˈpil ənd ðə səˈprim kɔrt. jʊr meɪ ˈriˌkɔl ðət aɪ ɪkˈsprɛst maɪ vju æt ˈsɛkənd ˈrɛdɪŋ ðət ˈkæmərəz ɪn ðə kɔrts ər ə ˈtoʊtəl ˈfɑli ɪkˈsɛpt ɪn ˈvɛri ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. aɪ hæv noʊ ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ˈfɪlmɪŋ prəˈsidɪŋz ɪn ðə səˈprim kɔrt ər ðə kɔrt əv əˈpil, wɛr ˈmætərz əv lɔ, ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv ˈjumən raɪts ər ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ˈɪʃuz əv ˈlɔŋˈtərm sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns ər dəˈbeɪtɪd ənd ʤəʤd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt ɪz ə ˈsɪriəs mɪˈsteɪk tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus ˈkæmərəz ˈɪntu ˈkrɪmənəl kɔrts; ðɪs hoʊl ˈɪʃu ʃʊd bi əˈproʊʧt wɪθ ˈkɔʃən. wi ər biɪŋ pərsˈweɪdɪd ðət ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˌsərkəmˈskraɪbd juz əv ˈkæmərəz ənd ðə ˌræʃəˈnæl ɪz ðət ɪt wɪl brɪŋ trænˈspɛrənsi tɪ, ənd ˌɪnˈkris ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn, ðə ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm. aɪ bɪˈliv ɪt wɪl ˈəltəmətli hæv ðə ˈvɛri ˈɑpəzɪt ˈifɛkt. ðɛr həz bɪn ˈlɑbiɪŋ fər jɪrz tɪ gɪt ˈkæmərəz ˈɪntu kɔrts. ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ðət ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈkəmpəˌniz ər nɑt ˈrɪli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈfɪlmɪŋ ɪn ðə kɔrt əv əˈpil ər ðə səˈprim kɔrt. ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈkrɪmənəl kɔrts ər ðə ˈlaɪbɛl ˈpleɪsɪz wɛr ðə drəˈmætɪk stəf əv laɪf ɪz dɛlt wɪθ. ðeɪ wɔnt reɪp, bləd ənd gɔr. ðeɪ wɔnt ˈwipɪŋ ˈvɪktɪmz, laɪɪŋ ˈwɪtnəsɪz ənd ˌənrɪˈpɛntənt ˈvɪlənz ɪn ðə dɑk. ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ðə kɔrts wɛr ðə səˈleɪʃəs ənd ðə ˈvaɪələnt ər dɛlt wɪθ ɪn ˈditeɪl. ðeɪ ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət ðeɪ ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ˈoʊnli ɪn trænˈspɛrənsi, wɪn aɪ æm əˈfreɪd ðət ðɛr ril ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪz ˌvɔɪˈjurɪzəm. ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ðət sɛks, drəgz ənd rɑk ənd roʊl sɛl ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz, ðeɪ pʊl ɪn vjuɪŋ ˈfɪgjərz fər ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən, tu. kɔrt ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə meɪd ðə mæn hu ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪt ə ˌbɪljəˈnɛr ɪn noʊ taɪm, ənd ˈlɔjərz ənd ˈsinjər ˈʤəʤɪz ðɛr wʊd seɪ ðət ɪt droʊv daʊn ˈstændərdz ɪn ðə kɔrts ənd ˈdiˌkrist ˈpəblɪk ˈkɑnfədɛns. ðə ˈpəblɪk ɪn ðə ɛnd si ˈɛdɪtɪd sˈnæpˌʃɑts əv prəˈsidɪŋz ənd θɪŋk ðeɪ hæv wɔʧt ə traɪəl; ðɛn ðeɪ ər ˌvɪtriˈɑlɪk əˈbaʊt haʊ ˈstupɪd ðə ˈʤʊri həz bɪn ər haʊ ˈətərli ˈstupɪd ðə ʤəʤ həz bɪn. ən ɪkˈspɛrəmənt wɑz kənˈdəktəd ɪn ˈskɑtlənd 20 jɪrz əˈgoʊ əv ˈfɪlmɪŋ ə hoʊl traɪəl. bɪˈkəz ˈskɑtlənd ɪz ðə wən pleɪs ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm wɛr ðɛr ɪz noʊ lɔ fərˈbɪdɪŋ ˈkæmərəz, ðət wɑz ˈpɑsəbəl wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə lɔ. ðə plæn wɑz əˈbændənd wɪn ðə ˈsinjər ˈligəl prəˈfɛʃən ɪn ðə hoʊl əv ɑr ˈneɪʃən sɔ ðə ˈprɑdəkt ənd ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ðɛr wər ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəs ˈprɑbləmz əˈbaʊt ˈfɛrnəs ənd ɪˈnɔrmɪs rɪsks tɪ ˈʤəstɪs. aɪ wʊd laɪk ɑr ˈsinjər ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ənd ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz tɪ goʊ bæk tɪ ðət ˈfʊtɪʤ ənd si waɪ ɪt ɪz nɑt ə gʊd aɪˈdiə. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 862 ðɪs bɪl dɪz nɑt ɑˈstɛnsəbli ˈoʊpən ðə dɔr əv ðə kɔrts tɪ ˈhoʊlˌseɪl ˈfɪlmɪŋ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ɪt ɪz seɪɪŋ ðət ˈkæmərəz ʃʊd bi lɛt ˈɪntu ðə haɪər kɔrts ənd ˈəðər kɔrts, səʧ ɛz ðə ˈkrɪmənəl kɔrts, fər ðə ˈgɪvɪŋ əv ˈʤəʤmənts ənd ðə ˈpæsɪŋ əv ˈsɛntənsɪz. ðə ˈpəblɪk dɪˈzərv, ɪt ɪz sɛd, tɪ noʊ waɪ ə mæn gɑt 10 jɪrz ənd nɑt mɔr; ðə ˈpəblɪk ʃʊd si ðə ʤəʤ ˈpæsɪŋ ˈsɛntənsɪz ɔn ˈkrɪmənəlz; ˈpipəl kən ʧɪr frəm ðɛr ˈlɪvɪŋ rumz ɛz krʊks gɪt ðɛr ˌkəˈməpəns; ənd ðeɪ kən nɪt laɪk ðə æt ðə ˈgɪləˌtin ɛz ðə ʤəʤ sɪz, hər down”*”. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˌriˈæləˌti ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ fər ˈʤəstɪs. ðə ˈmɪnɪstər wɪl noʊ daʊt seɪ ðət ðɛr wɪl ˈnɛvər bi ˈfɪlmɪŋ əv ˈwɪtnəsɪz ər ˈʤʊrərz ɪn ˈkeɪsɪz, bət aɪ əˈʃʊr ðə haʊs ðət waɪl ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən naʊ meɪ bi tɪ stɪk tɪ judges’*’ ˈsɛntənsɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks, ðət ɪz nɑt ðə ˈɛndgeɪm sɔt baɪ ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən programme-makers*. wi ˈɔfən tɔk əv sˈlɪpəri sloʊps ɪn ðɪs haʊs bət ðɪs wən ɪz ə ʃɪr drɔp. ɛz sun ɛz ˈsɛntənsɪŋ ɪz ˈkəvərd ɔn ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən, ðɛr wɪl bi kəmˈpleɪnts ðət ðə ˈpəblɪk dɪd nɑt gɪt tɪ si ðə feɪs wɪn hi hərd hɪz feɪt ər ðət ðə rɪˈmɑrks meɪd ˈlɪtəl sɛns wɪˈθaʊt ˈhirɪŋ wət ðə ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən ənd dɪˈfɛns ˈlɔjərz hæd sɛd ɪn ˈɑrgjəmənt bɪˈfɔˌrhænd. soʊ ɪt wɪl goʊ ɔn, wɪθ ˈfərðər ənd ˈfərðər ɪnˈkroʊʧmənts sɔt. piɛm ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪz æst: wʊd ɪt nɑt bi gʊd fər ðə ˈpəblɪk tɪ hir ənd si ə ʤəʤ ˈsɛntənsɪŋ? aɪ du nɑt θɪŋk ðət wɪl ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ðə ˈsɛntənsɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks wɪl bi ˈɛdɪtɪd soʊ ðət ə sˈnɪpət wɪl bi juzd ɛz ə ˈhɛˌdlaɪn ɔn ðə nuz ənd ðə ʤəʤ ʃoʊɪŋ kəmˈpæʃən wɪl stɪl bi ˈvɪləfaɪd baɪ ˈsɛkʃənz əv ðə prɛs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər gʊd hɪz ˈrizənɪŋ. səm ˈʤəʤɪz meɪ ˈivɪn bi ˈtɛmptɪd tɪ əˈvɔɪd duɪŋ ðɛr boʊld bət fɛr θɪŋ ɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, æt ɔlˈtərnətɪvz tɪ ˈprɪzən wɪn ðeɪ si ðət ˈkæmərə æt ðə bæk əv ðə kɔrt. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ fɪr ðət səm ˈʤəʤɪz hu mɪs ðə ˈdrɑmə əv ðə advocates’*’ ərˈinə wɪl pleɪ əp tɪ ðə ˈkæmərəz ɪn ənˈhæpi weɪz. dɪz ˈɛni ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd ɪn ðɪs ˈʧeɪmbər rɪˈmɛmbər ʤəʤ ˈpɪkəlz? wi ʃʊd bi kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðə paʊərz ðət wi ər ˈdɛləˌgeɪtɪŋ baɪ ˈvərʧu əv ðɪs klɔz. ðə ʤɔɪnt kəˈmɪti ɔn ˈjumən raɪts sɛd ɪn ɪts rɪˈpɔrt, baɪ weɪ əv ˈwɔrnɪŋ, ˈdɛləˌgeɪtəd paʊərz kəˈmɪti pɔɪnts aʊt ɪn ɪts rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ðə bɪl, ðɛr ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ ɔn ðə feɪs əv ðə bɪl tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðə paʊər frəm biɪŋ ˈɛksərˌsaɪzd ɪn fˈjuʧər tɪ ðə ˈfɪlmɪŋ ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ əv ˈwɪtnəsɪz, ˈpɑrtiz, kraɪm ˈvɪktɪmz, ˈʤʊrərz ər dɪˈfɛndənts. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈgrænɪŋ səʧ ə waɪd authority”*”, tɪ ðə lɔrd ˈʧænsələr ənd ðə lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs tɪ ækt təˈgɛðər ʃʊd bi kənˈsɪdərd wɪθ ˈkɔʃən. ðət əˈθɔrəti, ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɪz, tɪ bi ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən: ɪn ɪts ˌmɛmərˈændəm tɪ ðə ˈdɛləˌgeɪtəd paʊərz kəˈmɪti ɪt səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ɪf klɔz 23 ɪz ɛˈnæktəd, ˈpɑrləmɛnt wɪl hæv əˈpruvd ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl əv ˈfɪlmɪŋ ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz. ðɪs lɛd ðə ˈdɛləˌgeɪtəd paʊərz kəˈmɪti tɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðət ðə əˈfərmətɪv prəˈsiʤər ʃʊd əˈplaɪ tɪ ˈɔrdərz ˈəndər klɔz soʊ ðət ˈpɑrləmɛnt həz ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ əˈplaɪ ə haɪər dɪˈgri əv ˈskrutəni tɪ ən ˈɔrdər ˈsɛtɪŋ aʊt ðə ɪkˈstɛnt tɪ wɪʧ ˈfɪlmɪŋ ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ ʃʊd bi permitted”*”. wi ʃʊd bi ˈvɛri ˈmaɪndfəl əv ðə fækt ðət ɑr ˈʤəʤɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli kəm ˈəndər ˈprɛʃər tɪ bi mɔr ˈmɑdərn ənd tɪ du ðə ˈmɑdərn θɪŋ. ˈɔfən, ɪn pərˈsut əv modernisation*, wi gɪv əˈweɪ θɪŋz ðət hæv wərkt ˈsɛnsəbli ənd fər ə gʊd ˈrizən. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 863 ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæv əˈsərtəd ðət ðə raɪt tɪ rɪˈspɛkt fər ˈpraɪvət laɪf ɪn ˈɑrtɪkəl 8 əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kənˈvɛnʃən ɔn ˈjumən raɪts wʊd nɑt bi ɪnˈgeɪʤd bɪˈkəz kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz ər ˈpəblɪk. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ʤɔɪnt kəˈmɪti ɔn ˈjumən raɪts rɪˈpɔrt ˈɑrgjud ðət ðɪs wɑz, sɪmˈplɪstɪk ˈgɪvɪn ðə reɪnʤ əv ˈvɛri wɛl ɪˈstæblɪʃt riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz, ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm ˈhirɪŋz ɪn ˈpraɪvət θru tɪ ˌænəˈnɪmɪti ˈɔrdərz, wɛr ðə ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən rɛsts, ɪn pɑrt æt list, ɔn ðə prəˈtɛkʃən əv ˈæˌspɛkts əv ə ˈpraɪvət laɪf. ˌɪnˈdid, wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kˈwɛsʧənz fər ˈpɑrləmɛnt əˈbaʊt ðiz prəˈvɪʒənz ɪz ˈwɛðər rɪˈlæksɪŋ ðə ˈkɑrənt riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ˈfɪlmɪŋ ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz wɪʧ ər ˈɛniˌweɪ ˈpəblɪk ɪz ə ˈʤəstəˌfaɪəbəl ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns wɪθ ðə raɪt tɪ rɪˈspɛkt fər ˈpraɪvət laɪf əv ðoʊz ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə proceedings”*”. ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ðeɪ hæv dɪˈskəvərd ðət noʊ əˈmaʊnt əv ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ðə kənˈsərnz əv ˈwɪtnəsɪz du tɪ kəm ˌbiˈfɔr ðə kɔrts. bɪˈkəz ðeɪ noʊ ɪt wɪl bi ˈtɛləˌvaɪzd, ðɛr ɪz ˈgreɪtər rɪˈləktəns tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn prəˈsidɪŋz. ɪt ɪz kwaɪt rɔŋ ðət ðə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈfɪlmɪŋ əv kɔrt ʃʊd bi ˈfərðər ɪkˈspændɪd wɪˈθaʊt ɪt ˈkəmɪŋ bæk ˌbiˈfɔr ðɪs haʊs fər ˈprɑpər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən. aɪ noʊ ðət ˈʤəʤɪz maɪt ˈɑrgju ðət ðeɪ kən ˈkɛrfəli ˈfæʃən wət ðeɪ seɪ ənd ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈrizən fər ˈgɪvɪŋ ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈsɛntəns ɪn ə ˈkrɪmənəl keɪs, bət aɪ æm əˈfreɪd ðət ˈvɛri ˈɔfən ðeɪ wɪl bi meɪd tɪ saʊnd rɪˈdɪkjələs baɪ ðə weɪ ðɛr ˈkɑmɛnts wɪl bi ˈɛdɪtɪd. ˈʤəʤɪz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ðeɪ wɪl bɪˈkəm məʧ mɔr ˈvɪzəbəl. ˈkərəntli, ɑr ˈʤəʤɪz kən goʊ əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈbɪznɪs wɪˈθaʊt fɪr fər ðɛr ˈseɪfti; ɪt ɪz wən əv ðə greɪt θɪŋz əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈsɪstəm. ðeɪ kən ʃɑp ɪn waitrose*, goʊ tɪ ðə ˈgɑrdən ˈsɛntər æt ˈwiˌkɛndz ər pleɪ gɔlf ənd noʊ wən noʊz ðɛm frəm ˈædəm ər iv. ðɛr lɪvz wɪl bɪˈkəm ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt ənd məʧ lɛs sɪˈkjʊr wəns ðɛr ˈfeɪsɪz kən bi pleɪd ənd riˈpleɪd ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn ɔn nu tɛkˈnɑləʤi. aɪ wʊd laɪk ˈrisərʧ tɪ bi dən ɔn ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˌbiˈfɔr wi goʊ daʊn ðɪs roʊd. fər ðɪs ˈrizən, wi ʃʊd nɑt təˈdeɪ əˈlaʊ ˈfərðər juz əv ˈkæmərəz ɪn kɔrts bɪɔnd ɑr əˈpɛˌleɪt ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən. aɪ bɛg tɪ muv. lɔrd ˈlɛstər əv hərn hɪl: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ æm nɑt ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈlɔjər ənd hæv nən əv ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ðət ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi əv ðə, həz, bət aɪ sæt ɛz ə ˈkrɪmənəl ðoʊ ðət meɪ ðə deɪz wɪn aɪ wɑz ə rɪˈkɔrdər. aɪ ˈkænɑt kleɪm məʧ ˈgreɪtər ɪkˈspɪriəns ðən ðət, bət aɪ səˈpɔrt ðə əˈmɛndmənt ɛz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ʤɔɪnt kəˈmɪti ɔn ˈjumən raɪts. ɛz ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi, həz sɛd, ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt wɑz ˈdræftɪd baɪ ðə kəˈmɪti soʊ ɪt ɪz ə əˈmɛndmənt, ənd ɑr rɪˈpɔrt dilz wɪθ ɑr ˈrizənz ɪn ˈditeɪl. ɪn ˈpɛrəˌgræf 60 ɑr kənˈkluʒən sɪz: du nɑt si ðə ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən fər ðə wɪdθ əv ðə paʊər ɪn klɔz əv ðə bɪl, wɪʧ, ɛz ɪt stændz, ðə ˈfɪlmɪŋ ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ əv ˈwɪtnəsɪz, ˈpɑrtiz, kraɪm ˈvɪktɪmz, ˈʤʊrərz ənd dɪˈfɛndənts ɪn kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz. wi ərʤ ə məʧ mɔr ˈkɔʃəs əˈproʊʧ. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛni ɪkˈstɛnʃən əv ðɪs paʊər wi ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈkɑndəkt ə məʧ mɔr ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈpəblɪk ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən, ˈkɛri aʊt ə mɔr dɪˈteɪld ˌɪmˈpækt əˈsɛsmənt ɪn ðə laɪt əv ðət ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ənd ˈkɑndəkt ə ˌrivˈju əv ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən əv ðə paʊər ˈæftər ən ɪˈlæps əv jɪrz. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, wi ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðət ðə bɪl bi əˈmɛndɪd tɪ kənˈfaɪn ðə skoʊp əv ðə paʊər tɪ ðə ˈfɪlmɪŋ ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ əv ˈʤəʤɪz ənd ˈædvəˌkeɪts ɪn əˈpɛˌleɪt prəˈsidɪŋz, ɛz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈkərəntli intends”*”. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 864 aɪ æm ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkɔʃəsli kənˈsərvətɪv ɔn ðɪs ˈɪʃu bɪˈkəz aɪ du nɑt bɪˈliv ðət ˈkrɪmənəl traɪəlz ər bɛst kənˈdəktəd ɪn ˈtɛləˌvaɪzd ˈgoʊldˌfɪʃ boʊl. lɔrd: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ du nɑt ʃɛr ðə kənˈsərnz ɪkˈsprɛst baɪ ðə tu ˈpriviəs ˈspikərz. ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ əv kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz wɪl ɛnˈhæns ˈpəblɪk ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ɑr ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm, wɪʧ ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl wərks ɪˈfɪʃəntli ənd ˈfɛrli. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət əˈlaʊɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkæmərəz meɪ ˌɪˈlumɪnɪt ðoʊz ˈɛriəz əv ðə lɔ ðət ər məʧ ɪn nid əv rɪˈfɔrm, ə rɪˈzəlt ðət aɪ wʊd hæv θɔt lɔ rɪˈfɔrmərz ɛz dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ɛz ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi əv ðə, ənd ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈlɛstər əv hərn hɪl, wʊd ˈwɛlkəm. soʊ wət ɪf ˈbrɔdˌkæstərz ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn sɛnˈseɪʃənəl ˈkeɪsɪz? ðət ɪz wət prɪnt ˈʤərnəlɪsts du ənd wi du nɑt ɪkˈsklud ðɛm frəm ðə ˈkɔrˌtrum. əˈmɛndmənt 113 wʊd kənˈfaɪn ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ tɪ əˈpɛˌleɪt prəˈsidɪŋz bət, ɪf ðə lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs θɪŋks ɪt əˈproʊpriˌeɪt, waɪ nɑt əˈlaʊ ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ əv ə ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˌrivˈju ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ðət ˈreɪzɪz ˈɪʃuz əv ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns? səʧ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ˈnɔrməli ˌɪnˈvɑlv noʊ ˈwɪtnəs ˈɛvədəns ənd ˈɔfən reɪz ˈɪʃuz əv lɔ əv kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns. əv kɔrs ðɛr ʃʊd bi noʊ ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ əv ðə ˈɛvədəns əv ˈwɪtnəsɪz, ənd jurors’*’ ˈfeɪsɪz ʃʊd nɑt bi ʃoʊn, bət aɪ ˈkænɑt ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ðɛr ʃʊd bi noʊ ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ əv ðə ˈsɛntənsɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks æt ðə ɛnd əv ə ˈkrɪmənəl traɪəl. ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr, æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈkrɪmənəl traɪəl, ðə ʤəʤ ɪz ˈspikɪŋ nɑt ˈoʊnli tɪ ðə dɪˈfɛndənt ər ˈəðər ˈpərsənz ɪn kɔrt bət ɪz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk æt lɑrʤ. ðə ʤəʤ ʃʊd bi əˈsɪstɪd tɪ du soʊ. ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi əv ðə, meɪd wət aɪ rɪˈspɛktfəli səbˈmɪt wɑz ə kwaɪt ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri səˈʤɛsʧən ðət ˈʤəʤɪz nid tɪ bi prəˈtɛktɪd bɪˈkəz ðɛr wərdz meɪ bi ˌmɪsrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˈʤəʤɪz nid ˌænəˈnɪmɪti ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti æt lɑrʤ. aɪ daʊt ˈvɛri məʧ ˈwɛðər ðɛr ər ˈmɛni judges—or*, ˌɪnˈdid, ˈmɛni ˈnoʊbəl θɪŋk ðət ɑr ˈʤəʤɪz nid ər dɪˈzərv səʧ prəˈtɛkʃən. ɪn ˈɛni ɪˈvɛnt, əˈmɛndmənt 113 ɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri bɪˈkəz jʊr wɪl si ðət klɔz 23 wɪl nɑt kəm ˈɪntu ˈifɛkt wɪˈθaʊt ðə əˈgrimənt əv ðə lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs, hu noʊ daʊt wɪl ˈkɛrfəli kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈditeɪlz əv ˈɛni skim tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ əv kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz. fər ðə seɪm ˈrizən, əˈmɛndmənts ənd ɪn ðɪs grup ər ˈɔlsoʊ ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri ɪn ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ˌɪmˈpoʊz kənˈdɪʃənz ɔn ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ əv kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz. aɪ æm ˈkɑntɛnt tɪ pərˈsid ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs sɛt aʊt ɪn klɔz 23 ðət ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ prəˈvɪʒən wʊd kəm ˈɪntu fɔrs ˈoʊnli, ðə kənˈkərəns əv ðə lɔrd ʧif justice”*”. ɪt wʊd bi fɑr ˈbɛtər tɪ lɛt ˈpɑsəbli, ˈæftər nɛkst ɑkˈtoʊbər, ɔn ðə ˈditeɪl əv ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ skim. fər ðə seɪm ˈrizən, əˈmɛndmənt, rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən frəm boʊθ ˈhaʊsɪz, ɪz ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi əv ðə, ənd ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈlɛstər əv hərn boʊθ əv hum aɪ hæv ðə haɪəst ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ɪkˈwɪvələnts əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ˈskɑtɪʃ ʤəʤ lɔrd. wɪn ə kɔrt rɪˈpɔrtər roʊt daʊn ðə tərmz əv wən əv hɪz ˈʤəʤmənts biɪŋ dɪˈlɪvərd ɪn kɔrt, lɔrd kəmˈpleɪnd: ˈfɛloʊ teɪks daʊn maɪ ˈvɛri words”*”. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 865 lɔrd ˈlɛstər əv hərn hɪl: wʊd ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd ˈæˌdrɛs ðə pɔɪnts reɪzd baɪ ðə ʤɔɪnt kəˈmɪti ɔn ˈjumən raɪts, ˈrəðər ðən rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ mi ɛz ən ˈsɛnʧəri ˈʤɛnəlmən? lɔrd: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ hæv meɪd səʧ pɔɪnts ɛz aɪ θɪŋk meɪ əˈsɪst ðə haʊs ɪn ˈænsər tɪ ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts brɔt ˈfɔrwərd ɪn ðɪs dəˈbeɪt ənd ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts pərˈzɛnəd baɪ ðə ʤɔɪnt kəˈmɪti. ˈbɛrənɪs butler-sloss*: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz fər ərˈaɪvɪŋ leɪt æt ðɪs pɑrt əv ðə dəˈbeɪt. aɪ dɪd nɑt prəˈpoʊz tɪ spik ənd hoʊld noʊ strɔŋ vjuz əˈbaʊt ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt, bət aɪ hæv tɪ raɪz ʤɪst tɪ dil wɪθ ə pɔɪnt meɪd baɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd. hi sɛd ðət ˈʤəʤɪz ˈniðər nid nɔr dɪˈzərv ˈɛni prəˈtɛkʃən. ðət ɪz tru ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, bət aɪ θɪŋk hi həz ˈoʊvərˌlʊkt ðə fækt ðət ˈsərtən ˈʤəʤɪz gɪt dɛθ θrɛts. ðɛr ər grups əv ˈʤəʤɪz, əv wɪʧ aɪ ˈhæpən tɪ bi wən, hu ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɛr taɪm ɛz ə ʤəʤ rɪˈsivd ə ˈnəmbər əv dɛθ θrɛts. ɪn maɪ keɪs ðeɪ keɪm boʊθ frəm ˈpipəl hu kʊd ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz mi bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæd əˈpɪrd ˌbiˈfɔr mi ɪn kɔrt ənd frəm ðoʊz, səʧ ɛz ˈfɑðərz 4 ˈʤəstɪs, hu nɑt ˈoʊnli meɪd dɛθ θrɛts əˈgɛnst mi bət, aɪ məst tɛl jʊr, ˈɔlsoʊ θˈrɛtənd tɪ ˈkɪdˌnæp maɪ dɔg, wɪʧ aɪ θɔt wɑz məʧ mɔr ˈsɪriəs ðən ðə dɛθ θrɛt əˈgɛnst mi. mɔr ˈsɪriəs ðən ðə θrɛts ðət ˈiðər aɪ ər ðə ˈfæməli kɔrt ˈʤəʤɪz rɪˈsiv ər ðoʊz meɪd əˈgɛnst ˈʤəʤɪz ɪn ˈtɛrərɪst traɪəlz. ðeɪ ˌæbsəˈlutli nid ənd dɪˈzərv prəˈtɛkʃən, soʊ aɪ teɪk ˈɪʃu wɪθ ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd. lɔrd: aɪ ɪnˈtaɪərli əˈgri ðət ˈʤəʤɪz dɪˈzərv ɔl ðə prəˈtɛkʃən ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ɪn ðoʊz ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə prɛs ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæstərz ər ˈpərfəktli ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs əv ðə ʤəʤ hu həz hərd ðə ˈtɛrərɪst traɪəl ər ˈɛni ˈəðər sɛnˈseɪʃənəl keɪs. ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt wʊd hæv noʊ ˌɪmˈpækt ɪn ðət rɪˈspɛkt. ˈbɛrənɪs ˈkɛnədi əv ðə: dɪz ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd əkˈsɛpt ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmuvɪŋ ˈkæmərə? ðɛr ɪz ə ˈfeɪməs bʊk baɪ ˈkrɪstəfər ˈɪʃərˌwʊd, ˌgʊdˈbaɪ tɪ bərˈlɪn, ɪn wɪʧ ðə fərst laɪn ɪz: æm ə camera”*”. ðə ˈrizən waɪ hi stɑrts ðət weɪ ɪz bɪˈkəz hi ɪz seɪɪŋ: æm prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ju wɪθ ə səˈbʤɛktɪv vju frəm maɪ ˈɛdɪtɪd əˈkaʊnt əv wət wɑz ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə raɪz əv ˈhɪtlər ɪn berlin”*”. hi wɑz ˈpɔɪntɪŋ əp ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈkæmərə ɪz ˈvɛri səˈbʤɛktɪv. dɪz ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd əˈgri wɪθ ðət? lɔrd: əv kɔrs ðɛr ər ˈdɪfərənsɪz, bət noʊ ˈdɪfərəns ðət kʊd ˈpɑsəbli ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ðiz əˈmɛndmənts. ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz wɪl noʊ ðət ðə prəˈsidɪŋz əv ɑr səˈprim kɔrt ər ˈbrɔdˌkæst ˈvərʧuəli ˈɛvəri deɪ ðət ðə kɔrt sɪts. nən əv ˈjuˈɛs həz ˈɛni ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðət; ɪt həz kɔzd noʊ ˌædˈvərs ˈifɛkts ənd aɪ ˈkænɑt ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈnoʊbəl kənˈsərnz. ˈbɛrənɪs ˈkɛnədi əv ðə: maɪ lords—*— ərl ˈætli: maɪ lɔrdz, wi nid tɪ bi ə ˈlɪtəl ˈkɛrfəl əˈbaʊt əˈdhɪrɪŋ tɪ ðə rulz əv rɪˈpɔrt. lɔrd məˈkeɪ əv clashfern*: maɪ lɔrdz, ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs həz rɪˈfərd tɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ˈhæpənd əˈbaʊt 20 jɪrz əˈgoʊ ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ɪkˈspɛrəmənts ɪn ˈskɑtlənd. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 866 ɛz ʃi sɛd, ˈʤəʤɪz ðɛr wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ meɪk ərˈeɪnʤmənts fər ˈtɛləˌvaɪzɪŋ traɪəlz wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə ˈstæʧut lɔ bɪˈkəz ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈstæʧut riˈstrɪktɪŋ ðət ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti. ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈnəmbər əv ˈkeɪsɪz wər ˈtɛləˌvaɪzd ˈəndər ðət ərˈeɪnʤmənt. ðə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən əˈθɔrətiz pʊt təˈgɛðər ə ˈproʊˌgræm bɪˈkəz, ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ðoʊ ðeɪ wər ɪn ˈskɑtlənd, ɪt wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ ɪn kəmˈpɛrəsən wɪθ ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst ðeɪ hæd ɪn prəˈsidɪŋz ɪn ˈɪŋglənd, fər ˈrizənz wɪʧ pərˈhæps ən ˈskɑtɪʃ ʤəʤ maɪt hæv ˈspɛkjəˌleɪtɪd əˈbaʊt. ˈɛniˌweɪ, ðət wɑz ðə fækt. piɛm ɪt wɑz əreɪnʤd ðət ˈsinjər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri hir ənd ðə ˈligəl ðoʊz hu hæd ˈpræktɪst kənˈsɪdərəbli ɪn ðə ˈkrɪmənəl kɔrts, ɛz ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs vju ðɪs ˌkɑmpəˈleɪʃən əv ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ðə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən traɪəlz tɪ peɪv ðə weɪ fər ˈsɪmələr ərˈeɪnʤmənts ɪn ˈɪŋglənd. aɪ wɑz ˈprɛzənt ɔn æt list wən əv ðoʊz ɔˈkeɪʒənz: aɪ θɪŋk ðɛr wɑz mɔr ðən wən wɪn ðeɪ wər ʃoʊn. aɪ rɪˈgrɛt tɪ seɪ ðət ðə rɪˈzəlt ɔn ðə ˈsinjər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈligəl prəˈfɛʃən wɑz səʧ ðət, ənˈtɪl naʊ, ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt həz nɑt bɪn ˈteɪkən ˈɛni ˈfərðər. ðət wɑz 20 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. aɪ æm nɑt ʃʊr ˈwɛðər ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd, wɑz wən əv ðə vjuərz əv ðət ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈproʊˌgræm, bət ɪf hi wɑz nɑt ðɛn ɪt maɪt bi kwaɪt ˈjusfəl fər ɪm ənd səm ˈəðərz hu ər ˈprɛzəntli kənˈsərnd wɪθ ðə ˈmætər tɪ si ɪt naʊ. aɪ æm ˈpərfəktli priˈpɛrd tɪ əˈgri ðət ðə lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs ʃʊd hæv kənˈtroʊl əv ðɪs ˈmætər. aɪ səˈʤɛst ðət wɛˈnɛvər ðɪs kəmz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs, ɪt maɪt bi ˈjusfəl wər ðɛr ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti əˈveɪləbəl tɪ si ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ traɪəl əv 20 jɪrz əˈgoʊ soʊ ðət ðə ðɛr ər bi kənˈsɪdərd ɪn ðə ˌfɔrmjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt. wən θɪŋ ðət meɪ bi ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪz ə kˈwɛʃən əv səm kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈɛdɪtɪŋ. ɛz jʊr noʊ, ðɛr ɪz kənˈsɪdərəbəl kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈɛdɪtɪŋ əv ðə ɪn ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ənd ðɛr meɪ nid tɪ bi ˈsəmθɪŋ əv ðət kaɪnd. ɪt dɪz nɑt ˌrikˈwaɪər tu məʧ ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən tɪ səˈpoʊz ðət ðə ˈɛdɪtɪŋ əv ˈsɛntənsɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks, ðə weɪ ðət ðeɪ ər sɛt aʊt ənd ðɛr kəmˈplitnəs, kʊd meɪk səm ˈdɪfərəns tɪ ðə ˈbæləns wɪθ wɪʧ ən əbˈzərvər maɪt vju ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ðɛr ɪz ə greɪt dil əv ˈditeɪl ðət rikˈwaɪərz tɪ bi lʊkt æt. ɛz aɪ sɛd, ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm 20 jɪrz ɪz nɑt ɛz fɑr bæk ɛz ðə ˈsɛnʧəri bət ɪz stɪl əv səm bi əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðoʊz kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðɪs ˈmætər ˈfərðər. ˈbɛrənɪs hamwee*: maɪ lɔrdz, ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri rɛr ˌɪnˈdid ðət aɪ du nɑt ˈhoʊli əˈgri wɪθ ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs. ɛz fər maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd, lɔrd ˈlɛstər, aɪ du nɑt ˈivɪn stɑp tɪ əˈsɛs ˈwɛðər aɪ əˈgri wɪθ ɪm bɪˈkəz aɪ noʊ ðət aɪ ʃʊd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɛz ðə ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd lɔrd həz ʤɪst ˈmɛnʃənd, wi ɪn ˈpɑrləmɛnt ər juzd tɪ ɑr prəˈsidɪŋz biɪŋ ˈbɛrli ˈnoʊtɪs ðə ˈkæmərəz ˈɛdɪtɪd. aɪ æm ˈkɑnstəntli ˈteɪkən əˈbæk baɪ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl hu wɔʧ ðə ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˈʧænəl ənd ɑr prəˈsidɪŋz æt greɪt məst bi ˈtɛrəbəl insomniacs*, bət ðeɪ du. ɪt meɪ bi ðət ðeɪ prɪˈfər tɪ wɔʧ ənd ˈlɪsən tɪ ə lɑrʤ ʧəŋk əv ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈmætər ˈrəðər ðən hæv ðə prəˈsidɪŋz ˈɛdɪtɪd baɪ ðət ˈvɛri rɪˈspɛktəbəl ənd ˈjusfəl ˈproʊˌgræm, ɪn parliament”*”, ər ðə prɪnt ˈmidiə. aɪ səˈpɔrt ˈgɪvɪŋ ðət ˌɑpərˈtunəti wɪθ rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ðə kɔrts. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 867 aɪ ˈrisəntli əˈtɛndəd ə ˈsɛntənsɪŋ. aɪ wɑz ðɛr əˈkəmpəniɪŋ ˈsəmˌbɑdi hu wɑz kənˈsərnd wɪθ ðə keɪs. ˈweɪtɪŋ fər maɪ frɛnd ˈæftərwərdz, aɪ ˈlɪsənd tɪ ðə kwaɪt kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈnəmbər əv prɪnt ˈʤərnəlɪsts ðɛr, ˈraɪtɪŋ əp ðɛr ˈstɔriz. ðeɪ hæd bɪn ˈhændɪd ə ˈkɑpi əv ðə ˈsɛntənsɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks bət ˈbɛrli rɪˈfərd tɪ ðə ˈkɑpi. ðeɪ ʧɛkt wən ər tu ˈkɑmɛnts wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈbɑðərɪŋ tɪ goʊ bæk tɪ wət ðeɪ hæd bɪn ˈgɪvɪn, ənd aɪ kʊd hir haʊ ðeɪ wər ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ðə rɪˈmɑrks tɪ meɪk ə sɛnˈseɪʃənəl ˈstɔri. aɪ æm ˈvɛri ˈhæpi tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ðə lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs ənd ðə ˈʤəʤɪz ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr, ɛz aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ɪt, ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ meɪk ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr riˈstrɪkʃənz wɪl stɪl kənˈtɪnju. əv kɔrs, ə səˈbʤɛktɪv. aɪ hæv əˈbaʊt ðɪs kwaɪt ə lɔt ənd aɪ spoʊk ˈrəðər ɪn ðə ˈəðər dɪˈrɛkʃɪn æt ðə ˈpriviəs steɪʤ, bət aɪ hæv kəm daʊn tɪ bɪˈlivɪŋ ðət ðɪs kwaɪt ˈkɔʃəs muv ɪz ðə raɪt wən. ˈʤəʤɪz ər lɛs ˈtɛmptɪd ðən ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz tɪ meɪk rɪˈmɑrks əˈbaʊt ˈmeɪʤər muvz ˈfɔrwərd. aɪ æm ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈvɛri ˈhæpi ðət ðə lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs ɪz soʊ məʧ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. lɔrd ˈbiʧəm: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə pɔɪnts meɪd baɪ maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd ənd baɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈlɛstər. ðɪs ɪz ən ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ kɔrt prəˈsiʤərz ənd wi ʃʊd əˈproʊʧ ɪt wɪθ ə dɪˈgri əv ˈkɔʃən. ðə keɪs fər ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp ðə ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈsɪstəm tɪ mɔr ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ɪz wɛl meɪd, ənd tɪ ðət ɪkˈstɛnt aɪ kənˈkər wɪθ ðə rɪˈmɑrks əv ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd. aɪ wɑz lɛs ˈhæpi wɪθ ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑrt əv hɪz spiʧ, wɪʧ əˈdrɛst ðə əˈmɛndmənts ɪn maɪ neɪm. aɪ ɛnˈdɔrs wət ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi hamwee*, həz ʤɪst sɛd əˈbaʊt dɪˈskrɛʃən ɔn ðə pɑrt əv ðə traɪəl ʤəʤ tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ˈwɛðər ər nɑt tɪ ˈpərˌmɪt ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ. ðət ɔt tɪ bi ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈseɪfˌgɑrd, bət ɪt ɪz nɑt kwaɪt gʊd ɪˈnəf tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ʤɪst ɔn ðə lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs. aɪ seɪ ““just”*”; ˌɔlˈðoʊ wən həz ˈɛvəri ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ðə ˈhoʊldərz əv ðət ˈɔfəs, ðɪs ɪz, ɛz aɪ seɪ, ə nu dɪˈpɑrʧər ənd ðɛr ɪz ə ˈwaɪdər ˈɪntəˌrɛst tɪ bi kənˈsɪdərd. ðə əˈmɛndmənts ɪn maɪ neɪm ənd ðət əv maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd lɔrd ˈrɔsər traɪ tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ðə ˈprɪnsəpəlz boʊθ ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈɛni dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd kɔrt ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ ənd rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈmætərz tɪ bi kənˈsɪdərd wɪn ə kɔrt gɪvz ə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn, prɪˈsaɪsli tɪ mit səm əv ðə əˈbʤɛkʃənz ənd ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ɛnˈvɪzɪʤd baɪ maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi ənd ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈlɛstər. əˈmɛndmənt rikˈwaɪərz ˈɛni ˈstæʧəˌtɔri ˈɪnstrəmənt tɪ bi ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə əˈfərmətɪv ˌrɛzəˈluʃən prəˈsiʤər. aɪ æm ɪn slaɪt ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti hir bɪˈkəz, wɪn ðiz ˈmætərz wər reɪzd ɪn kəˈmɪti, ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi northover*, sɛd ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əˈmɛndmənts wʊd meɪk ðə prəˈvɪʒənz ˈəndər wət wɑz ðɛn klɔz 22 ənd ɪz naʊ klɔz 23 ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə əˈfərmətɪv prəˈsiʤər, ɛz ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd baɪ ðə ˈdɛləˌgeɪtəd paʊərz ənd ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri rɪˈfɔrm kəˈmɪti. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈfərd tɪ wət wɑz ðɛn klɔz 29 wɪʧ əˈgɛn rikˈwaɪərd əˈmɛndmənts tɪ ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən tɪ bi ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə əˈfərmətɪv prəˈsiʤər. aɪ meɪ hæv mɪst ðɛm bət aɪ ˈkænɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli si ðoʊz ˈrɛfərənsɪz ɪn ðə bɪl. ðeɪ meɪ bi dɪsˈgaɪzd ˈəndər səm fɔrm əv wərdz ðət dɪz nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli dɪˈskloʊz ðɛr ˈprɛzəns, bət aɪ wʊd bi ˈgreɪtfəl ɪf ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈɑmɑd, kʊd kənˈfərm ðət ðə əˈfərmətɪv prəˈsiʤər wʊd əˈplaɪ soʊ ðət ɪt wʊd nɑt ˈsɪmpli bi ə ˈmætər əv ə dɪˈsɪʒən baɪ ðə 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 868 lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs bət, ɪf ðɛr wər tɪ bi sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd ðə reɪnʤ əv ˈmætərz ðət kʊd bi ˈbrɔdˌkæst, ðɛn ðə əˈfərmətɪv prəˈsiʤər wʊd əˈplaɪ. ɪf ðət wər ðə keɪs, wi wʊd ˈsərtənli bi ˈkɑntɛnt tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə bɪl ɪn ɪts ˈprɛzənt fɔrm. pərˈhæps, wɪθ ðə əˈsɪstəns əv ðə bɑks, hi meɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ hɛlp mi ənd, mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, jʊr, tɪ kəm tɪ ə kənˈkluʒən əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz ər ˈkərəntli rɪˈflɛktɪd ɪn ðə bɪl. lɔrd ˈɑmɑd əv ˈwɪmbəldən: maɪ lɔrdz, ɪt ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn səʧ ˈɪʃuz. aɪ hæv ˈlɪsənd tɪ ðə ˈspiʧɪz ənd ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts, ˌɔlˈðoʊ aɪ wɑz nɑt ɪn jʊr lordships’*’ haʊs wɪn ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts wər pʊt ˈfɔrwərd fər ðə ˈtɛləˌvaɪzɪŋ əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt. aɪ ˈlɪsənd, ɛz aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz du, tɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi, hu spoʊk əˈbaʊt wərdz biɪŋ pʊt ˈɪntu maʊðz ənd pərˈhæps biɪŋ ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ˈdɪfərˈɛntli. aɪ səˈpoʊz ðət ˈɛvəri naʊ ənd əˈgɛn ˌpɑrləmɛnˈtɛriənz, ənd ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ˈsəfər ðət ˈkɑnsəkwəns, wɪʧ ɪz wɛl ˌəndərˈstʊd. ðɪs həz bɪn ə dəˈbeɪt. ɛz wi hæv sin, əˈgɛn ðɛr ɪz strɔŋ əˈpɪnjən ɔn boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt. ɛz ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi, sɛd, hər əˈmɛndmənt wʊd ˈlɪmət kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz tɪ əˈpɛˌleɪt prəˈsidɪŋz ənd, ɪn ˈifɛkt, wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈbrɔdənɪŋ kɔrt ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ tɪ ˈəðər taɪps əv kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz, səʧ ɛz ðoʊz ɪn ðə kraʊn kɔrt. aɪ æm ˈɔlsoʊ əˈwɛr, ɛz maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd lɔrd ˈlɛstər əv hərn hɪl ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, ðət ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt wɑz spəˈsɪfɪkli ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd baɪ ðə ʤɔɪnt kəˈmɪti ɔn ˈjumən raɪts ɪn ɪts rɪˈpɔrt əv ðə bɪl. aɪ wʊd, əv kɔrs, laɪk tɪ θæŋk ðə ʤɔɪnt kəˈmɪti fər ɪts rɪˈpɔrt. aɪ æm ˈɔlsoʊ glæd tɪ rɛd ðət ðə kəˈmɪti əˈgriz wɪθ ðə əˈbʤɛktɪv əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈʤəstɪs ɛz əˈpɛrənt ənd ɛz ˈpəblɪkli ækˈsɛsəbəl ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. wi hæv hərd əˈbaʊt ˈsɛnʧəri ˈʤəʤɪz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ aɪ æm ˈmaɪndɪd nɑt tɪ ˈtrævəl bæk ɪn ˈhɪstəri tɪ ðət ɪkˈstɛnt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn 1924 ðə lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs, ˈvɪskaʊnt hewart*, sɛd: ʃʊd nɑt ˈoʊnli bi dən, bət ʃʊd ˈmænəfɛstli ənd ənˈdaʊtɪdli bi sin tɪ bi done”*”. aɪ bɪˈliv ðət ˈsɛnəmənt ˌəndərˈlaɪz ðə vju. ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi, tɔkt əˈbaʊt ˈkɔʃən. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ɛz rɪˈgɑrdz kɔrt ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ. ɪt ɪz ɑr vju ðət ˈɛni ˈɔrdər meɪd ˈəndər klɔz 23 wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər, ɛz həz bɪn ˈmɛnʃənd baɪ ˈvɛriəs ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz, ðə əˈgrimənt əv ðə lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs. bət ðət ɪz ʤɪst wən lɑk. ɪt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˌrikˈwaɪər ðə əˈpruvəl əv ðə lɔrd ˈʧænsələr ənd wɪl bi ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈskrutəni baɪ boʊθ ˈhaʊsɪz əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˈəndər ðə əˈfərmətɪv prəˈsiʤər. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, kɔrt ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ wɪl bi ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn ə seɪf ənd prəˈpɔrʃənət ˈmænər. ðət ɪz ˈeɪkɪn tɪ ˈpʊtɪŋ nɑt wən ər tu lɑks ɔn ðə dɔr bət tɪ ˈpʊtɪŋ θri lɑks. ɪt wɪl teɪk θri ˈpipəl tɪ ˈoʊpən ðət dɔr. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi kən goʊ wən stɛp ˈfərðər. wi bɪˈliv ðət ðɪs ˈtrɪpəl lɑk, kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ riˈstrɪkʃənz ənd ðə əˈdɪʃənəl prəˈvɪʒən tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈʤəʤɪz tɪ stɑp ðə ˈfɪlmɪŋ ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ əv kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ˈfɛrnəs əv prəˈsidɪŋz ənd tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈɛni ənˈdu ˈprɛʤədɪs, wɪl ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv ˈvɪktɪmz ənd ˈwɪtnəsɪz, hu ər moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, ɛz wɛl 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 869 ɛz ˈʤʊrərz, dɪˈfɛndənts ənd ˈəðər ˈpɑrtiz, ər ˈfʊli prəˈtɛktɪd. aɪ hoʊp ðət ðɪs wɪl ˈæˌdrɛs ðə kənˈsərnz əv nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈbiʧəm, ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt tɪ kənˈsɪdər wɪn tɪ əˈlaʊ ər tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ. wɪn ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi, ˈmɛnʃənd ðət ˈmuvɪŋ ˈkæmərəz ʧeɪnʤd ˈækʃənz, ðeɪ ˈsərtənli ʧeɪnʤd maɪ ˈækʃən. ɛz ʃi ˈmɛnʃənd ɪt, aɪ lʊkt təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈkæmərə ənd ðə ˈkæmərə muvd. ðɛr ɪz səm ˈkridəns ənd fækt bɪˈhaɪnd ðət ˈsteɪtmənt. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əˈnaʊnst plænz ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər əv læst jɪr tɪ əˈlaʊ ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ əv ˈʤəʤmənts ənd advocates’*’ ˈɑrgjəmənts ɪn ˈkeɪsɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə kɔrt əv əˈpil ənd, ˈoʊvər ə ˈlɔŋgər ˈpɪriəd, tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ frəm ðə kraʊn kɔrt bət tɪ ˈlɪmət ðɪs tɪ ðə ˈsɛntənsɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks ˈæftər kənˈkluʒən əv ðə traɪəl. wi bɪˈliv ðət ðɪs wɪl hɛlp tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ˈsɛntənsɪŋ, wɪθ loʊ rɪsk tɪ ðə ˈprɑpər ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əv ˈʤəstɪs. lɛt mi əˈʃʊr jʊr lordships’*’ haʊs ðət wi hæv noʊ plænz tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd kɔrt ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ bɪɔnd ðiz tu sɛts əv ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. wi bɪˈliv ðət, wəns ˈpɑrləmɛnt həz əˈpruvd ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl əv ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ səˈlɛktɪd kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz, ðə ˈditeɪlz ˈseɪfli kən bi sɛt aʊt ɪn ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. aɪ wʊd riˈmaɪnd ðə haʊs ðət ðə ˈdɛləˌgeɪtəd paʊərz ənd ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri rɪˈfɔrm kəˈmɪti dɪd nɑt teɪk ˈɪʃu wɪθ ðɪs əˈproʊʧ ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən wɑz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə əˈfərmətɪv prəˈsiʤər, wɪʧ ɪt naʊ ɪz. ðɪs minz ðət ðə lɔrd ˈʧænsələr meɪ meɪk ən ˈɔrdər ˈoʊnli ˈəndər ðɪs klɔz wɪʧ həz bɪn əˈpruvd baɪ boʊθ ˈhaʊsɪz. ðət biɪŋ ðə rɪˈfər ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr tɪ ðə ˈkɑmɛnts meɪd baɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈbiʧəm ɪz nɑt ˈnidɪd ɛz ðət graʊnd ɪz ˈkəvərd ɔˈrɛdi baɪ klɔz 30(4)(f*). ɛz wɪθ ɔl ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən, ðiz prəˈvɪʒənz wɪl bi ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˌrivˈju θri tɪ faɪv jɪrz ˈæftər rɔɪəl əˈsɛnt. piɛm ðə ˈəðər əˈmɛndmənts ˈteɪbəld baɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈbiʧəm, rɪˈflɛkt ðə ˈvaɪtəl ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv prəˈtɛkʃən fər ˈvɪktɪmz ənd ˈwɪtnəsɪz ənd ðə ˈprɑpər ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əv ˈʤəstɪs. aɪ æm ˈhæpi tɪ riˈɪtərˌeɪt ðə kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ðiz ˈprɪnsəpəlz. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, aɪ bɪˈliv ðət ðə dræft ˈɔrdər wɪʧ ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz hæv naʊ sin ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts haʊ ðiz ˈprɪnsəpəlz ər ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi əˈphɛld. ðɪs ˈɔrdər wʊd əˈlaʊ ˈfɪlmɪŋ ɪn ðə kɔrt əv əˈpil əv səbˈmɪʃənz əv ˈligəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz, ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ˈoʊpən kɔrt bɪtˈwin ə ˈligəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ənd ðə kɔrt ənd ðə kɔrt ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈʤəʤmənt ˈoʊnli. ˈfɪlmɪŋ əv ˈɛni ˈəðər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ər pɑrts əv prəˈsidɪŋz wʊd rɪˈmeɪn proʊˈhɪbətəd baɪ ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ækt 1925 ðə ˈɔrdər ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdz ðət ðə kɔrt meɪ səˈspɛnd ər stɑp ˈfɪlmɪŋ ər prɪˈvɛnt ˈbrɔdˌkæst wɛr ðət wʊd bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ɪn ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv ˈʤəstɪs. ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi, ənd ðə ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi butler-sloss*, tɔkt əˈbaʊt judges’*’ sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ðə ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi butler-sloss*, ˈmɛnʃənd hər kənˈsərn fər hər dɔg. ˌpɑrləmɛnˈtɛriənz, ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ənd ˈʤəʤɪz ər ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk aɪ, ənd ˈpipəl hæv tɪ feɪs ˈʧælənʤɪz ənd ˈdeɪnʤərz ɪn ˈpəblɪk laɪf, bət aɪ əˈʃʊr ðə haʊs ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl ˈhæpəli lʊk æt sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪn ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əˈsɛsmənt ðət wɪl bi ˈpəblɪʃt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə fərst ˈɔrdər ɪz brɔt ˈfɔrwərd. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 870 aɪ hoʊp ðət ðɪs ˈæˈdrɛsɪz ðə ki ˈprɪnsəpəlz ənd kənˈsərnz, wɪʧ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz, ðət ər ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd ɪn ðə əˈmɛndmənts ˈteɪbəld baɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi, ənd ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈbiʧəm. ən ɪkˈstɛnʃən tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈfɪlmɪŋ əv ˈsɛntənsɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks ɪn ðə kraʊn kɔrt wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ə ˈfərðər ˈɔrdər, ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə ˈtrɪpəl lɑk prəˈsiʤər ðət aɪ ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd ˈərliər. ˈgɪvɪn ðə kənˈsərnz ðət hæv bɪn vɔɪst, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ər ˈhæpi tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ə dɪˈteɪld ˌɪmˈpækt əˈsɛsmənt əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðə fərst ˈɔrdər meɪd ˈəndər ðɪs klɔz ənd wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ wɪθ ˈvɪktɪm səˈpɔrt grups, ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ənd ˈəðər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ˈpɑrtiz. ˈɛni ˈɔrdər meɪd ˈəndər ðɪs klɔz ɪz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə ˈtrɪpəl lɑk. ˈsɛvərəl ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz ˈmɛnʃənd ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl əv ðə lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs. ðə lɔrd ˈʧænsələr ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə roʊl, ənd boʊθ ˈhaʊsɪz əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt məst əˈpruv ðə ˈɔrdər ˈəndər ðə əˈfərmətɪv prəˈsiʤər. aɪ riˈɪtərˌeɪt ðət, ɪn ˈɛni keɪs, ə ʤəʤ meɪ ˌɪmˈpoʊz rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ riˈstrɪkʃənz ənd prɪˈvɛnt, səˈspɛnd ər stɑp ˈfɪlmɪŋ tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈbrɔdˌkæst, wɛr ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. aɪ hoʊp ðiz fɔr lɑks ənd ðiz əˈʃʊrəntsɪz wɪl ˈæˌdrɛs ðə kənˈsərnz əv ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi ˈkɛnədi, ənd ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈbiʧəm. aɪ hoʊp ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs wɪl wɪθˈdrɔ hər əˈmɛndmənt. ˈbɛrənɪs ˈkɛnədi əv ðə: aɪ θæŋk ðə ˈmɪnɪstər fər hɪz rɪˈspɑns. aɪ æm nɑt ʃʊr ðət ðɛr kʊd bi ɪˈnəf lɑks tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ maɪ kənˈsərnz. ˈsupərˌfɪʃəli, ðɪs kən bi ˈvɛri əˈtræktɪv, ənd ɪt kən bi dɪˈskəst ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv trænˈspɛrənsi ənd əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti, bət ðeɪ kən bi vəˈnɪrz fər ˈsəmθɪŋ məʧ ˈrɪskiər. ðə ˈkæmərə ɪz nɑt ðə seɪm ɛz ðə ˈjumən aɪ. ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi hamwee*, dɪˈskraɪbd ˈwɑʧɪŋ ɛz rɪˈpɔrtərz fər ðə prɪnt ˈmidiə tʊk noʊ ˈnoʊtɪs əv ðə ˈrɪtən ˈtrænˌskrɪpt əv ðə ˈsɛntənsɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks bət ˈfɪlətɪd aʊt ðə bɪts ðət ðeɪ nu wʊd bi sɛnˈseɪʃənəl. aɪ kən əˈʃʊr hər ðət ðoʊz hu ˈɛdət ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən wɪl ˈfɑloʊ ɪgˈzæktli ðət ˈprɔˌsɛs. ðə ˈkæmərə ˈkænɑt ˈkæpʧər ɔl ðət ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ ɛz ðə ˈjumən aɪ kən. ˈkərəntli, ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən rɪˈpɔrtərz, laɪk prɛs rɪˈpɔrtərz, goʊ ˈɪntu ðə kɔrt ənd ˈlɪsən ðɛn kəm aʊt ənd rɪˈpɔrt. ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ɪn kɔrt ənd wɔʧt wət ˈhæpənd, ðə rɪˈpɔrtər bɪˈkəmz ðə ˈwɪtnəs, ʤɪst laɪk ðə prɪnt ˈʤərnəlɪst. ðə ˈjumən aɪ ɪz ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðə ˈkæmərə. ðə ˈkæmərə ˈkænɑt pɪk əp ˈtɛnʃən, smɛl fɪr ər kæʧ ðoʊz ˈmɪnət tˈwɪʧɪz əv ðə lɪps ər ðə ˈaɪˌlɪd ðət ˈɔfən tɛl ju soʊ məʧ. wərst əv ɔl, ðə ˈpərsən bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈkæmərə ɪz ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ɛz hi goʊz. ðə ˈɛdɪtər bæk æt ðə ˈsteɪʃən ˈɛdɪts ˈfərðər ənd ðə nuz ˈproʊˌgræm wɪl snɪp aʊt ðə ʧɔɪs bɪts əv ˈfʊtɪʤ fər ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz. aɪ ˈrɪli wɔrn ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðɪs haʊs ðət nu tɛkˈnɑləʤi wɪl ðɛn min ðət ɪt wɪl bi pleɪd ənd riˈpleɪd ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn. aɪ æm əˈfreɪd ɪt wɪl nɑt stɑp wɪθ ˈsɛntənsɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks. ɪt wɪl kənˈtɪnju wɪθ ənd dɪˈmændz biɪŋ meɪd ənd ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ˈfilɪŋ ˈəndər ˈprɛʃər tɪ kəmˈplaɪ tɪ nɑt bi sin ɛz ˌoʊldˈfæʃənd, ˈsɛnʧəri ˈʤɛnəlmɪn. ɪt ɪz ˈizi fər ˈpipəl hu du nɑt ˈpræktɪs ɪn ə ˈkrɪmənəl kɔrt tɪ ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðə paʊər ənd ðə ˈifɛkt əv ðɪs ɔn ɑr ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm. aɪ rɪˈgrɛt ðət ðɛr ɪz nɑt ɪˈnəf səˈpɔrt ɪn ðɪs haʊs fər maɪ əˈmɛndmənt ənd aɪ ˈðɛrˌfɔr fil əˈblaɪʤd tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ ɪt, bət aɪ du soʊ ˈgɪvɪŋ ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈsɪriəs ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz əv ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈkæmərəz ˈɪntu ˈkrɪmənəl kɔrts ənd wət ɪt wɪl du tɪ ɑr ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 871 əˈmɛndmənt 113 wɪθˈdrɔn. əˈmɛndmənts ənd nɑt muvd. əˈmɛndmənt muvd baɪ lɔrd: ˈæftər klɔz 23 ˌɪnˈsərt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ nu clause—*— əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ɛz fɔrm əv kənˈtɛmpt əv kɔrt 1 ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri (ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ðə kɔrt ər ˈʤəʤɪz) ɪz əˈbɑlɪʃt ɛz ə fɔrm əv kənˈtɛmpt əv kɔrt ˈəndər ðə ˈkɑmən lɔ əv ˈɪŋglənd ənd weɪlz. 2 ðət ˌæbəˈlɪʃən dɪz nɑt prɪˈvɛnt prəˈsidɪŋz fər kənˈtɛmpt əv kɔrt biɪŋ brɔt əˈgɛnst ə ˈpərsən fər ˈkɑndəkt ðət ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˌbiˈfɔr ðət ˌæbəˈlɪʃən wʊd hæv ˈkɑnstəˌtutəd boʊθ ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ənd səm ˈəðər fɔrm əv kənˈtɛmpt əv court.”*.” lɔrd: maɪ lɔrdz, ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt siks tɪ əˈbɑlɪʃ ðə kraɪm əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ənd weɪlz. aɪ æm dɪˈlaɪtɪd ðət ðə ˈmɪnɪstər həz ˈædɪd hɪz neɪm tɪ ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt. ðə əˈmɛndmənt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ saɪnd baɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈlɛstər əv hərn hɪl, hu həz pleɪd ə ˈlidɪŋ roʊl ɪn ˈɑrgjuɪŋ fər rɪˈfɔrm əv ðɪs ˈɛriə əv ðə lɔ. ðə əˈmɛndmənt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ðə neɪmz əv ðə ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd lɔrd, lɔrd ˈfɔrmər lɔrd ʧif ˈʤəstɪs əv ˈnɔrðərn ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd bew*. aɪ kən ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈrizənz fər ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt ˈvɛri ˈbrifli. ɪt ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ɛz pɑrt əv ɑr lɔ əv kənˈtɛmpt əv kɔrt ə ˈkrɪmənəl əv ˌɪnˈsəltɪŋ ˈʤəʤɪz baɪ ˈsteɪtmənts ər ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz aʊt əv kɔrt. ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri həz noʊ nid fər səʧ prəˈtɛkʃən. ɛz ðə ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd lɔrd, lɔrd ˈkɑrsˌwɛl, ɪkˈspleɪnd ɪn kəˈmɪti, ðə waɪz hi, ɪf aɪ meɪ seɪ soʊ, wɑz ə ˈvɛri waɪz ˌɪgˈnɔrz ˌɪnˈsəlts aʊt əv kɔrt. ðə ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd lɔrd, lɔrd braʊn əv eaton-under-heywood*, meɪd ə ˈsɪmələr pɔɪnt ɪn ə keɪs hi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd, ɛz hi meɪ ˌrɛkəˈlɛkt. ˈʤəʤɪz, əv kɔrs, ər ɛz ɛnˈtaɪtəld ɛz ˈɛniˌwən ɛls tɪ brɪŋ prəˈsidɪŋz fər ˈlaɪbɛl, ənd səm hæv dən soʊ. ðə lɔ əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kʊd hæv bɪn lɛft ɪn ðə ˈmɔrəbənd steɪt ɪn wɪʧ ɪt həz ˈrɛstɪd fər ˈmɛni jɪrz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə fər ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd ənˈwaɪzli ʧoʊz ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr tɪ sik tɪ brið laɪf ˈɪntu ɪt baɪ ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ə ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən, ˈleɪtər drɑpt, əˈgɛnst ˈpitər heɪn fər səm ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈkɑmɛnts hi hæd meɪd ɪn hɪz ˌɔtəbaɪˈɑgrəfi kənˈsərnɪŋ ə ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd ʤəʤ. ðət ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən hæd tu meɪn ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. fərst, ɪt səbˈstænʃəli ˌɪnˈkrist ðə seɪlz əv ˈmɪstər bʊk ənd, ˈsɛkəndli, ɪt lɛd tɪ ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt. wɪn wi dəˈbeɪtɪd ðɪs ˈsəbʤɪkt ɪn kəˈmɪti ɔn 2 ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ðə ˈmɪnɪstər geɪv ə ˈkɔʃəs ˈwɛlkəm tɪ ðə əˈmɛndmənt bət sɛd, ˈvɛri ˈprɑpərli, ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɪʃt tɪ kənˈsəlt ɔn ðə ˈmætər. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə dəˈbeɪt ɪn ðɪs haʊs, ðə lɔ kəˈmɪʃən ˈɛkspɪˌdaɪtɪd ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən əv ə ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ˈpeɪpər ɔn 10 ˈɔgəst ɪn wɪʧ ɪt prəˈpoʊzd ðət ðə əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ʃʊd ˌɪnˈdid bi əˈbɑlɪʃt. aɪ ðət ðə əˈmɛndmənt wɪl nɑt əˈfɛkt ˈəðər ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə lɔ əv kənˈtɛmpt əv kɔrt ənd ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ðə paʊərz əv ðə ʤəʤ tɪ dil wɪθ ˈɛni dɪsˈrəpʃənz ˈdʊrɪŋ kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ðət ðə əˈmɛndmənt ɪz nɑt dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri. məʧ əv ðə ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm tɪ 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 872 wɪʧ ˈʤəʤɪz ər səˈbʤɛktɪd ɪz ɪl ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ənd ˌənsəbˈstænʃiˌeɪtɪd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈivɪn wɛr ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ɪz ənˈʤəstəˌfaɪd, ɪt ʃʊd nɑt bi ə ˈkrɪmənəl. ðə əˈmɛndmənt wɪl nɑt əˈfɛkt ðə lɔ ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd ər ˈskɑtlənd, ɪn ðə ˈlætər əv wɪʧ ðə ɪz noʊn ɛz judges”*”. aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd mɔr ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ɪz rikˈwaɪərd. ɪt ɪz aɪˈrɑnɪk ðət ðə ˈɪmpətəs fər ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt keɪm frəm ðə ˈpitər heɪn keɪs ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd, ənd naʊ ðə əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk lɔ ðət lɛd tɪ ðət keɪs ɪz tɪ bi əˈbɑlɪʃt ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ənd weɪlz bət nɑt ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd. aɪ hoʊp ðət ðə ˈmɪnɪstər kən gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ən ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən əv wɪn ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃənz wɪθ ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd wɪl bi kəmˈplitɪd ənd ə dɪˈsɪʒən riʧt. ˈminˌwaɪl, aɪ æm dɪˈlaɪtɪd baɪ ðə hɪˈstɔrɪk dɪˈsɪʒən wɪʧ aɪ hoʊp ðət ðɪs haʊs wɪl teɪk təˈnaɪt tɪ əˈpruv ən əˈmɛndmənt əˈbɑlɪʃɪŋ ðə əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ənd weɪlz. ɛz ˈʤəstɪs ˈɔlbi sɑks sɛd ɔn ðɪs ˈsəbʤɪkt ɪn ə ˈʤəʤmənt ɪn ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl kɔrt əv saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ ɪn 2001 rɪˈspɛkt fər ðə kɔrts wɪl bi ɔl ðə ˈstrɔŋgər, ðə dɪˈgri ðət ɪt ɪz ərnd, ˈrəðər ðən tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ɪt ɪz commanded”*”. aɪ bɛg tɪ muv. lɔrd ˈlɛstər əv hərn hɪl: maɪ lords—*— ðə ˈmɪnɪstər əv steɪt, ˈmɪnɪstri əv ˈʤəstɪs (lɔrd məkˈnæˌli): maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ ˈwəndər ɪf maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd wɪl gɪv weɪ. aɪ wɔnt tɪ ˌɪntərˈvin naʊ bɪˈkəz wət aɪ æm goʊɪŋ tɪ seɪ wɪl hɛlp ðə ʃeɪp əv ðə dəˈbeɪt. aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd ənd ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd lɔrdz meɪ wɪʃ tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut. aɪ ɪn noʊ weɪ wɔnt tɪ kət ʃɔrt ər ðət dəˈbeɪt, bət aɪ hoʊp ðət maɪ ˈkɑmɛnts wɪl ɪˈstæblɪʃ ðə ˈkɑntɛkst fər ðɛm tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn wət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˌɪnˈtɛnd tɪ du. ɛz ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd, toʊld ˈjuˈɛs, wi kənˈsɪdərd ə ˈsɪmələr əˈmɛndmənt tɪ ðɪs ɪn kəˈmɪti ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ. aɪ sɛd ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wər ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk tɪ ðə kənˈsərnz reɪzd əˈbaʊt ðə əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri bət wi wɪʃt tɪ kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈɪʃu ˈfərðər ənd tɪ kənˈsəlt ˈəðərz. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ rɪˈfɔrm ər əˈbɑlɪʃ ðɪs, wi wɪʃt tɪ kənˈsɪdər ˈwɛðər səʧ ə stɛp kʊd rɪˈzəlt ɪn ə gæp ɪn ðə lɔ ər hæv ən ənˈwɔntɪd side-effect*. ɛz ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd, toʊld ˈjuˈɛs, ɪn ðɪs wi hæd ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ðə wərk əv ðə lɔ kəˈmɪʃən, wɪʧ wɑz ənd ɪz ˈkərəntli rivˈjuɪŋ ðə lɔ ɔn kənˈtɛmpt əv kɔrt. ɛz ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd sɛd, ɪt ˈkaɪndli brɔt ˈfɔrwərd ðə ˈɛləmənt əv ɪts ˌrivˈju kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə kɔrt ənd ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈpeɪpər fər ˈpəblɪk ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ɪn ˈɔgəst. ðə kəˈmɪʃən kənˈsɪdərd θri ˈɔpʃənz ɪn ɪts ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən rɪˈteɪn, əˈbɑlɪʃ ər ˌriˈpleɪs ðə ɪt həz kənˈkludɪd ðət ðə ʃʊd bi əˈbɑlɪʃt wɪˈθaʊt rɪˈpleɪsmənt. ɪts æˈnælɪsɪs wɑz in-depth*, ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ðə ˈjumən raɪts ˈæˌspɛkts ənd kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts fər ənd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈɔpʃənz. ðə ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən kloʊzd ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər, ənd ðə kəˈmɪʃən ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈsəməri əv rɪˈspɑnsɪz læst mənθ ənd ə ˈsəməri əv ɪts kənˈkluʒənz ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. aɪ wɑz plizd tɪ si ðət ˈsɛvərəl ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz rɪˈspɑndɪd wɪθ ðɛr vjuz, ənd ðət ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ənd ˈəðər ˈligəl prəˈfɛʃənz wər ˈɔlsoʊ wɛl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd. əv 46 rɪˈspɑnsɪz, səm frəm ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz, 32 wər ɪn 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 873 ˈfeɪvər əv ˌæbəˈlɪʃən. ðə rɪˈmeɪndər ɪkˈsprɛst ə vərˈaɪəti əv vjuz, moʊst ə rɪˈpleɪsmənt, bət aɪ noʊt ðət ˈoʊnli tu rɪˈteɪnɪŋ ðə ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ənd weɪlz, æt list fər naʊ. wi hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd ˈəðər vjuz, səʧ ɛz ðoʊz ɪkˈsprɛst baɪ ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz ɪn kəˈmɪti, ənd hæv kənˈkludɪd ðət ɪt ɪz raɪt ðət ðɪs ʃʊd bi əˈbɑlɪʃt. wi ˈðɛrˌfɔr səˈpɔrt ðə əˈmɛndmənt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd ðə lɔ ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən ɪn ɪts ˈpeɪpər ðət: meɪ bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ ðət ðə ˌæbəˈlɪʃən əv ðɪs dɪz nɑt əˈfɛkt ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti fər bɪˈheɪvjər ɪn kɔrt ər ˈkɑndəkt ðət meɪ ˈprɛʤədɪs ər ˌɪmˈpid ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr proceedings”*”. wi səˈpɔrt ðət vju ðət əˈbjuz əv ə ʤəʤ ɪn ðə feɪs əv ðə kɔrt, ər bɪˈheɪvjər ðət ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˌɪnərˈfɪrz wɪθ ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr prəˈsidɪŋz, ʃʊd rɪˈmeɪn ə kənˈtɛmpt. ðə nu klɔz ˌɪnˈkludz ə prəˈvɪʒən ðət wɪl ɪnˈʃʊr səʧ bɪˈheɪvjər wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ prəˈsidɪŋz fər kənˈtɛmpt əv kɔrt. ɪn ˈkɑntræst tɪ ðə əˈmɛndmənt wi dəˈbeɪtɪd ɪn kəˈmɪti, wɪʧ ɪkˈstɛndɪd tɪ ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd, ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt əˈplaɪz tɪ ˈɪŋglənd ənd weɪlz ˈoʊnli, ɛz ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd, ɪkˈspleɪnd. ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, aɪ sɛd ðət wi wʊd bi kənˈsəltɪŋ ðə dɪˈvɑlvd ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃənz; ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz məst rɪˈmɛmbər ðə ˈkrɪmənəl lɔ ɪz ə dɪˈvɑlvd ˈmætər ɪn boʊθ ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd ənd ˈskɑtlənd. ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈkɑmən lɔ ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd. ɛz aɪ hæv sɛd, wi kənˈsəltɪd wɪθ ðə ˈmɪnɪstər əv ˈʤəstɪs, ˈdeɪvɪd fɔrd, hu həz kənˈfərmd ðət hi dɪz nɑt wɪʃ ðə ˌwɛstˈmɪnstər ˈpɑrləmɛnt tɪ ˈlɛʤɪsˌleɪt ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd əˈsɛmbli ɔn ðɪs. ˈsɪmələrli, ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt hæv ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈfərmd ðət ðeɪ du nɑt wɪʃ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈlɛʤɪsˌleɪt ɔn ðɛr ˈsɪmələr ˈkɑmən lɔ əv ˈmərmərɪŋ ˈʤəʤɪz. ˈgɪvɪn ðət ðɪs ɪz ə dɪˈvɑlvd ˈmætər ɪn boʊθ ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃənz ənd ˈəndər ðə tərmz əv ðə kənˈvɛnʃən, wi wɪʃ tɪ rɪˈspɛkt ðə ˈwɪʃɪz əv ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd əˈsɛmbli ɪn ðɪs ˈmætər. aɪ æm ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd lɔrd ˈlɛstər ənd ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd, fər ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðɪs ˈmætər ˌbiˈfɔr ðə haʊs. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ər ˈhæpi tɪ səˈpɔrt ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt, ənd θru ɪt ðə ˌæbəˈlɪʃən ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ənd weɪlz əv ðə əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri. aɪ hoʊp ðət maɪ ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən æt ðə stɑrt əv ðə dəˈbeɪt dɪz nɑt prɪˈvɛnt ˈəðər ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz ənd ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd lɔrdz frəm ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz ɔn wɛr wi ər ənd wɛr wi ər goʊɪŋ. 4 piɛm lɔrd ˈlɛstər əv hərn hɪl: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ dɪˈklɛr ə ˈfɔrmər prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðət aɪ ˈæktɪd fər ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd ˈjumən raɪts kəˈmɪʃən ɪn ðə əˈbɔrtɪd kənˈtɛmpt prəˈsidɪŋz ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈpitər heɪn ənd hɪz ˈpəblɪʃər. aɪ æm ɪkˈstrimli ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ ðə əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl fər ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd fər hɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli mɪsˈgaɪdɪd dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ muv fər kəˈmɪtəl bɪˈkəz, bət fər ðət, aɪ wʊd nɑt bi ˈstændɪŋ hir ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ðə əˈmɛndmənt. wi oʊ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz ðət wɪʧ kɔzd mi tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ðə lɔ kəˈmɪʃən ənd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, ənd tɪ dɪˈskəs ðə ˈmætər wɪθ maɪ frɛnd, ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd, ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 874 ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæv ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ du wət wi hæv ʤɪst hərd frəm ðə ˈmɪnɪstər, ənd ðət ɪz moʊst ˈwɛlkəm. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ peɪ ˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə ˈpriviəs ˈgəvərnmənt, ənd aɪ si ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd bɑk, ɪn hɪz pleɪs wɪn aɪ seɪ ðɪs. hi wɪl rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ðə ˈəðər ænˈtik ənd ɑrˈkeɪɪk spiʧ kraɪmz əv sɪˈdɪʃən, sɪˈdɪʃəs ˈlaɪbɛl, dɪˈfæməˌtɔri ˈlaɪbɛl, əbˈsin ˈlaɪbɛl ənd ˈblæsfəməs ˈlaɪbɛl wər ɔl əˈbɑlɪʃt baɪ ðə ˈpriviəs ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈpɑrləmɛnt fər ˈsɪmələr ˈrizənz kəˈnɛktɪd wɪθ fri spiʧ. soʊ fɑr ɛz ˈblæsfəmi wɑz kənˈsərnd, fər ðə ˈrizənz ˈgɪvɪn baɪ ðə ˈmɪnɪstər, ɪt wɑz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət, ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi kʊd əˈbɑlɪʃ ðət ɪn ˈbrɪtən, wi kʊd nɑt du soʊ ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd. wi lɛft ɪt tɪ ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd tɪ du soʊ ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ənd wi θɔt ðət ɪt wʊd bi ˈizi tɪ du ðɛr bɪˈkəz ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd ɔˈrɛdi hæd ə lɔ ɔn ˌɪnˈsaɪtmənt tɪ rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈheɪtrəd ðət wɑz ˈrəðər ˈstrɪktər ðən wət wi hæv ɪn ðɪs pɑrt əv ðə ˈkɪŋdəm. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈnəθɪŋ həz ˈhæpənd ɔn ðət ˈɪʃu ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd bɪˈkəz ðɛr ɪz ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl pərˈælɪsɪs əˈbaʊt duɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əv ðə kaɪnd. aɪ noʊ ðət ðɪs ˈmætər həz kənˈsərnd ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd ˈjumən raɪts kəˈmɪʃən, ənd ɪgˈzæktli ðə seɪm ˈprɑbləm ərˈaɪzɪz naʊ. ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə əˈmɛndmənt spərɪŋz frəm ə ˈprɑbləm ðət əroʊz ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd, aɪ æm ˈdaʊtfəl ɛz tɪ ˈwɛðər ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl əˈgri tɪ brɪŋ ðɛr ˈkɑmən lɔ ˈɪntu laɪn wɪθ wət wi ər duɪŋ ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ənd weɪlz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈgɪvɪn ðət tu ˈəðər səˈpɔrtərz əv ðə əˈmɛndmənt noʊ fɑr mɔr əˈbaʊt ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd ðən aɪ wʊd ˈɛvər noʊ, aɪ ʃæl nɑt seɪ mɔr əˈbaʊt ðət ˈmætər. aɪ ʃʊd laɪk tɪ meɪk wən ˈəðər pɔɪnt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ əˈbɑlɪʃɪŋ ðɪs kraɪm ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri wɪl meɪk ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl ˈdɪfərəns bɪˈkəz ðə lɔ ɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli ˌɑbsəˈlit, ɪt wɪl meɪk ə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈkɑmən lɔ wərld. ɔl ðə ˈtɛkstˌbʊks, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðət əv ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd borrie*, seɪ ðə seɪm θɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz ðət, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɪs ɪz ən ˌaʊtˈmoʊdɪd ənd ɑrˈkeɪɪk, ðɛr rɪˈmeɪn ˈmɛni pɑrts əv ðə ˈkɑmən lɔ wərld wɛr ɪt ɪz ɛnˈfɔrst. ðə moʊst noʊˈtɔriəs ɪgˈzæmpəl əˈkərd ɪn ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr læst jɪr, wɛr ˈmɪstər ˈælən shadrake*, hu roʊt ə bʊk ðə ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr ˈætəˌtud təˈwɔrdz ðə dɛθ ˈpɛnəlti, wɑz kəˈmɪtɪd fər kənˈtɛmpt, ˈsɛntənst tɪ ˈprɪzən, faɪnd ənd toʊld tɪ peɪ ˈligəl kɔsts. ðɪs ˈʤɛnəlmən, hu ɪz əˈbaʊt maɪ eɪʤ ənd ə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ˈsinjər ˈraɪtər, wɑz kənˈdɛmd ɪn ðət weɪ, wɪθ ðə ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr kɔrt əv əˈpil əˈplaɪɪŋ ɪts vju ɔn ɑr keɪs lɔ ənd ðɪs. baɪ əˈbɑlɪʃɪŋ ðə təˈdeɪ wi du nɑt ˈrɪli ʧeɪnʤ məʧ ɪn ðɪs pɑrt əv ðə wərld bɪˈkəz, əˈpɑrt frəm wət ˈhæpənd ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd, ɪt ɪz ˈsɪmpli ˈnɛvər ˌɪnˈvoʊkt ˌɛniˈmɔr. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt wɪl sɛnd ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈmɛsɪʤ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkɑmən lɔ wərld. ðət ɪz əˈnəðər ˈrizən waɪ aɪ æm soʊ dɪˈlaɪtɪd ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæv ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ teɪk ðɪs kɔrs. lɔrd ˈkɑrsˌwɛl: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ səˈpɔrt ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt. aɪ spoʊk ˈbrifli ɪn kəˈmɪti ənd aɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnd tɪ bi brif əˈgɛn təˈdeɪ, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn vju əv ðə weɪ ɪn wɪʧ ðə haʊs həz soʊ fɑr rɪˈsivd ðə əˈmɛndmənt ənd wət ðə ˈmɪnɪstər həz sɛd. sɪns ðət dəˈbeɪt ɪn kəˈmɪti, ðə lɔ kəˈmɪʃən həz ˈpəblɪʃt ðɪs ˈædmərəbəl ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ˈpeɪpər, wɪʧ kənˈteɪnz ə fʊl ənd ˈhɛlpfəl dɪˈskəʃən əv ðə ˈɪʃuz, ðə ˈprɪnsəpəlz ənd ðə ˈpɑsəbəl səˈluʃənz. maɪ vju, wɪʧ 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 875 wɑz ˈvɛri dɪˈrɛkt ənd brif ɪn kəˈmɪti, rɪˈmeɪnz ənˈʧeɪnʤd. ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈsæŋkʃən fər ˈʤəʤɪz rɪˈmeɪnz ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri. maɪ ˈrizənz rɪˈmeɪn ðə seɪm. ˈʤəʤɪz hæv tɪ bi ˈhɑrdi ɪˈnəf tɪ ʃrəg ɔf ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm, ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛmpərət ər əˈbjusɪv, wɪʧ həz ˈhæpənd; ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt ɪz ˌɔnˈfɛr ənd, wɪʧ həz ˈsərtənli ˈhæpənd; ənd ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt ɪz ˈdaʊnˌraɪt dɪˈlɪbərətli mɪsˈlidɪŋ, ðə seɪm əˈplaɪz. aɪ spik frəm səm ˈnɑlɪʤ. aɪ hæv bɪn ɔn ˈsɛvərəl ɔˈkeɪʒənz ɪn ðə kɔrs əv ˈkrɪmənəl traɪəlz æt wɪʧ aɪ wɑz ðə prɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ʤəʤ wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈʤʊri. ɪt wɑz ˌɪnˈtɛmpərət, ˈsərtənli ənd ɪkˈstrimli əˈfɛnsɪv. aɪ wɑz ˈdipli əˈfɛndɪd ənd hərt, bət aɪ ˈsərtənli dɪd nɑt kənˈsɪdər əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ æsk ˈɛniˌwən tɪ ˌɪnˈvoʊk ðə ˈspɛʃəl prəˈsiʤər əv ðə kɔrt. ɪf ˈɛniˌwən hæd səˈʤɛstɪd ɪt, aɪ wʊd hæv ˈfərmli dɪˈskərɪʤd ɪm æt ðət taɪm, wɪʧ ɪz ə gʊd ˈmɛni jɪrz əˈgoʊ naʊ. ˈæftər aɪ rɛd ðə lɔ kəˈmɪʃən ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ˈpeɪpər, aɪ kənˈsɪdərd kwaɪt ˈsɪriəsli ˈwɛðər ðɛr wɑz rum fər ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ə nu ənd mɔr spɪˈsɪfɪk, ˈpɑsəbli dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt ənd məˈlɪʃəs ˈtɑrgətɪŋ əv ə ʤəʤ baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ənˈtru ənd ˈskændələs ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ˈɪntu ˈsəmθɪŋ əv ə kæmˈpeɪn. aɪ æm pərsˈweɪdɪd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ɪt ɪz ˈbɛtər nɑt tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus ˈɛni səʧ ˈɪntu ðə lɔ bət ˈsɪmpli tɪ liv ɪt æt əˈbɑlɪʃɪŋ ðə əv. maɪ ˈrizənz ər θri. fərst, ˈspɛʃəl prəˈtɛkʃən əv ˈʤəʤɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˌɪnˈvaɪts ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm frəm ðoʊz hu ər ɔl tu ˈrɛdi tɪ gɪv vɛnt tɪ ɪt. ˈsɛkəndli, ɪf ə ʤəʤ hæd tɪ gɪv ˈɛvədəns ɪn səʧ prəˈsidɪŋz, ɪt wʊd kriˈeɪt ə ˈfərðər ənd ˈbɛtər ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˌɪnˈtrusɪv ənd kriˈeɪt ə fild deɪ fər pəˈblɪsɪti fər ˈkrɪtɪks əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri. ˈθərdli, ɛz aɪ hæv sɛd ˌbiˈfɔr, ˈʤəʤɪz hæv tɪ pʊt əp wɪθ ðiz θɪŋz; ðeɪ hæv tɪ bi roʊˈbəst, fərm ənd, ɔn ɔˈkeɪʒənz, ɪˈnəf. ðə lɔ kəˈmɪʃən, ɪn maɪ vju, wɑz raɪt ɪn ɪts prəˈvɪʒənəl kənˈkluʒənz ənd aɪ hoʊp ðət wɪn ðə rɪˈpɔrt həz bɪn kənˈsɪdərd, ðə rɪˈspɑnsɪz wɪl kənˈfərm ðət. aɪ wʊd ˈsərtənli səˈpɔrt ðə əˈmɛndmənt ðət ðə ʃʊd ˈsɪmpli bi əˈbɑlɪʃt. ˈfaɪnəli, ɛz ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz hæv sɛd, ðɪs əv kɔrs dɪz nɑt əˈplaɪ ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd. ðə əˈθɔrətiz ðɛr wɪl fɔrm ðɛr oʊn vju ənd teɪk ðɛr oʊn kɔrs. aɪ ˈkænɑt ənd du nɑt ɪn ˈɛni weɪ spik fər ðɛm, nɔr hæv ðeɪ kənˈsəltɪd mi əˈbaʊt səʧ prəˈvɪʒənz. aɪ hæv tɪ seɪ, ənd aɪ hoʊp ðət ðeɪ wɪl teɪk ðɪs ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt, ðət aɪ ˈkænɑt si ˈɛni ˈrizən waɪ ˈʤəʤɪz ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd ʃʊd hæv ˈɛni ˈdɪfərənt prəˈtɛkʃən frəm ˈʤəʤɪz ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ənd weɪlz əˈgɛnst. aɪ θɪŋk ðə seɪm kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz əˈplaɪ, ənd ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ə ʤəʤ ðɛr fər 20 jɪrz, aɪ wʊd ˈsərtənli nɑt wɪʃ tɪ si ˈɛni ˌdɪfərˌɛnʧiˈeɪʃən. lɔrd ˈbiʧəm: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ ˈɛkoʊ ðə rɪˈmɑrks meɪd baɪ ðə ˈmɪnɪstər ənd baɪ ˈəðər ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz. wi ər ɪnˈtaɪərli səˈpɔrtɪv əv ðə əˈmɛndmənt, ənd glæd ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæv əˈgrid tɪ teɪk ˈmætərz ˈfɔrwərd ɪn ðə weɪ ðət ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd. lɔrd məkˈnæˌli: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ wɪl ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ ə pɔɪnt reɪzd baɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd. ðə ˈʤəstɪs kəˈmɪti ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd ˈrisəntli əˈgrid tɪ pərˈsid wɪθ ən əˈmɛndmənt tɪ ɪts ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs bɪl ðət wʊd si ðɪs rɪˈpild. aɪ æm ʃʊr ðət 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 876 ðə wərdz ˈətərd baɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd lɔrd, lɔrd ˈkɑrsˌwɛl, əˈbaʊt hɪz oʊn ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪl ˈkɛri greɪt weɪt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ɪz ə dɪˈvɑlvd ˈmætər fər ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd. lɔrd: aɪ æm ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ ɔl ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz hu spoʊk. əˈmɛndmənt əˈgrid. əˈmɛndmənt muvd baɪ ˈbɛrənɪs əv: ˈæftər klɔz 23 ˌɪnˈsərt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ nu clause—*— fər əˈsɪstəns 1 ən əˈkjuzd ˈpərsən ɪn ˈkrɪmənəl prəˈsidɪŋz ɪz ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər əˈsɪstəns baɪ ˈvərʧu əv ðɪs ˈsɛkʃən ɪf ðə kɔrts kənˈsɪdərz ðət ðə kˈwɑləti əv ðət pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn ənd ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz ər əv ðə ˈɛvədəns ˈgɪvɪn baɪ ðət ˈpərsən ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi dɪˈmɪnɪʃt baɪ ˈrizən əv ˈɛni ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ˈfɑlɪŋ wɪˈθɪn ˈsəbsɛkʃən 2 2 ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ˈfɑlɪŋ wɪˈθɪn ðɪs ˈsəbsɛkʃən ər ðət ðə əˈkjuzd person—*— (ə) ˈsəfərz frəm ˈmɛntəl dɪˈsɔrdər wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ðə ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ækt 1983 ər (bi) ˈəðərˌwaɪz həz ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪmˈpɛrmənt əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ. 3 wɛr ðə kɔrt dɪˈtərmənz ðət ðə əˈkjuzd ˈpərsən ɪz ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər əˈsɪstəns baɪ ˈvərʧu əv ðɪs ˈsɛkʃən, ðə kɔrt meɪ ðɛn gɪv ə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ˈəndər ðɪs ˈsɛkʃən prəˈvaɪdɪŋ for—*— (ə) əˈsɪstəns əv ðə əˈkjuzd ɪn pərˈpɛrɪŋ fər kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz ənd ɪn ˌɪnˈstrəktɪŋ ðə əˈkjuzd ˈligəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv tɪ bi prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ə ˈpərsən əˈpruvd baɪ ðə kɔrt fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ðɪs ˈsɛkʃən intermediary”*”), (bi) əˈsɪstəns əv ðə əˈkjuzd ˈpərsən ɪn ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ənd pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz tɪ bi prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈmidiɛri, ənd (si) ðə ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv ðə əˈkjuzd ˈpərsən tɪ bi kənˈdəktəd θru ðə ˌɪnərˈmidiɛri. 4 ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt meɪ, baɪ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz, meɪk prəˈvɪʒən əˈbaʊt ðə rɪˈkrutmənt, əˌkrɛdəˈteɪʃən, ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd əˈpreɪzəl əv ˌɪnərˈmidiˌɛriz əˈpruvd baɪ kɔrts ˈəndər ðɪs section.”*.” ˈbɛrənɪs əv: maɪ lɔrdz, ðə əˈmɛndmənt wɪl ɪnˈʃʊr ðət, wɛr ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, ˈvəlnərəbəl dɪˈfɛndənts ər prəˈvaɪdɪd wɪθ ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt səˈpɔrt tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ˈifɛktɪv pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz ənd ɪn pərˈpɛrɪŋ fər ðɛr traɪəl. ðə eɪm ɪz ðət səʧ dɪˈfɛndənts ʃʊd bi ɛnˈtaɪtəld baɪ ˈstæʧut tɪ ðə seɪm səˈpɔrt ɛz ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈwɪtnəsɪz, ənd ðəs tɪ ən ˈikwəli fɛr traɪəl. ə ˈbrifɪŋ ˈpeɪpər, fɛr ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈʤəstɪs?, fər stæf ɪn ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm ənd ðə, ɪkˈspleɪnz haʊ ðoʊz hu əˈpɪr ɪn kɔrt ɛz ə ˈvɪktɪm ər ˈwɪtnəs ər ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ ˈɛkstrə səˈpɔrt ər ˈspɛʃəl ˈmɛʒərz tɪ hɛlp ðɛm ˌəndərˈstænd ənd koʊp wɪθ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. æt ˈprɛzənt, ˈvəlnərəbəl dɪˈfɛndənts du nɑt hæv ðə seɪm ɛnˈtaɪtəlmənt ənd gɪt ðət səˈpɔrt ˈoʊnli æt ðə dɪˈskrɛʃən əv ðə kɔrt, dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət haɪ ˈnəmbərz ər ˈvəlnərəbəl. ðə əˈmɛndmənt wʊd rɪˈstɔr ə ˈbæləns ənd ɪnˈʃʊr ɪn kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz fər ˈɛni ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈpərsən, ˈwɛðər ðeɪ ər ə ˈvɪktɪm ər ə dɪˈfɛndənt. ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈmɛʒərz ər ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ rɪˈdus ðə strɛs əv ðə kɔrt əˈpɪrəns fər ðə ˈvəlnərəbəl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ər ˈwɪtnəs soʊ ðət hi ər ʃi kən gɪv ðə bɛst ˈɛvədəns. ˈhɪˌðərˈtu, ðiz ˈmɛʒərz əˈplaɪd ˈoʊnli tɪ ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈwɪtnəsɪz ənd spəˈsɪfɪkli nɑt tɪ dɪˈfɛndənts. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 877 səˈpɔrt ɪz prəˈvaɪdɪd fər ˈwɪtnəsɪz baɪ kˈwɑləˌfaɪd ˌɪnərˈmidiˌɛriz hu ər ˈrɛʤɪstərd, əˈkrɛdɪtɪd ənd treɪnd tɪ hɛlp ˈvəlnərəbəl ənd ˈəðər ˈwɪtnəsɪz ɪn kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz ˈæftər ðə moʊst ˈstrɪnʤənt səˈlɛkʃən, kˈwɑləti əˈʃʊrəns, ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ənd ˈmɑnətərɪŋ prəˈsiʤərz. ðə eɪm ɪz tɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈwɪtnəsɪz wɪθ ˈtuˌweɪ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ɪn kɔrt bɪtˈwin ðɛm ənd ˈəðər pɑrˈtɪsəpənts soʊ ðət ðɛr kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ɪz ɛz kəmˈplit, ˈækjərət ənd koʊˈhɪrənt ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, waɪl ðə ərˈeɪnʤmənts ər əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈwɪtnəsɪz, ðeɪ ər spəˈsɪfɪkli nɑt əˈveɪləbəl fər dɪˈfɛndənts ɪkˈsɛpt æt ðə dɪˈskrɛʃən əv ðə kɔrt, ənd ˈivɪn ðɛn ðə ˌɪnərˈmidiˌɛriz əˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ səˈpɔrt ðɛm du nɑt hæv tɪ bi ˈiðər ˈrɛʤɪstərd ər ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd, ənd ər peɪd ˈdɪfərənt fiz. ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ hæv ən ənˈrɛʤɪstərd ˌɪnərˈmidiɛri əˈsɪstɪŋ ə dɪˈfɛndənt waɪl ə ˈwɪtnəs ɪn ðə seɪm traɪəl həz ə ˈfʊli ˈrɛʤɪstərd wən hu ɪz peɪd mɔr ðən hɪz ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt hu ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə dɪˈfɛndənt. ðɪs ɪz ən ɪnˈtaɪərli ˌɔnˈfɛr ənd ənˈʤəst ərˈeɪnʤmənt ðət ˈfeɪvərz ə ˈwɪtnəs ˈoʊvər ə dɪˈfɛndənt, ˌɪrəˈspɛktɪv əv ðə gɪlt ər ˈɪnəsəns əv ðə ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈpɑrtiz. ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌriˈæləˌti ɪz ðət ə haɪ ˈnəmbər əv dɪˈfɛndənts goʊɪŋ θru ðə kɔrts nid ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr səˈpɔrt tɪ hɛlp ðɛm koʊp ənd ˌəndərˈstænd wət ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔn. ɪf ðeɪ du nɑt hæv ðɪs hɛlp, ɪt kən əˈfɛkt ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz ənd ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz ðɛr raɪt tɪ ə fɛr traɪəl. ðɛr ɪz səm hɛlp fər ˈvəlnərəbəl dɪˈfɛndənts ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈɔrəl ˈɛvədəns ˈoʊnli, bət ðeɪ ər nɑt hɛlpt ˈdʊrɪŋ traɪəl prəˈsidɪŋz tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ˈifɛktɪvli, ˌɪnˈstrəkt ˈkaʊnsəl ər priˈpɛr fər ə traɪəl. piɛm mɔr ðən 60 əv ˈʧɪldrən hu əˈfɛnd hæv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz, 5 əv ˈædəlts hæv ˈlərnɪŋ ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ənd haɪ ˈnəmbərz hæv ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ˈprɑbləmz. ˈklɪrli ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ə ˈkɔrˌtrum. ˈmɛni hæv ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ˈsərtən wərdz ənd ɪn ˈvərbəl ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnʃən. ɪn fækt, wən ˈstədi ʃoʊd ðət mɔr ðən dɪd nɑt ˌəndərˈstænd wət wɑz ˈhæpənɪŋ tɪ ðɛm, wət wɑz goʊɪŋ ɔn, ər ˈivɪn waɪ ðeɪ wər ɪn kɔrt æt ɔl ər wət ðeɪ hæd dən rɔŋ. ˈʤɛnərəli ðoʊz wɪθ ə loʊ ˈaɪˈkju ənd ˈlərnɪŋ ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ər ˈlaɪkli nɑt tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ˈsərtən wərdz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɛr ərˈɛst ənd traɪəl, ənd meɪ faɪnd ɪt ˈhɑrdər tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər θɪŋz, ənd bi mɔr səˈʤɛstəbəl ər ˈænsər kˈwɛsʧənz wɪθ wət ðeɪ θɪŋk ðə ˈlɔjər wɔnts tɪ hir. ðə ˈænsər wʊd sim tɪ bi ðət ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈwɪtnəsɪz ənd ˈvəlnərəbəl dɪˈfɛndənts ʃʊd bi ˈtritɪd even-handedly*. boʊθ ʃʊd hæv ˈprɑpərli ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˌɪnərˈmidiˌɛriz tɪ hɛlp priˈpɛr ðɛm əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɛr nid. huˈɛvər ɪz tɪ bi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ərˈeɪnʤmənts ʃʊd bi ˈklɛrəˌfaɪd ər ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd, ˈspɛsəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr roʊlz əv ðoʊz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz. ˈspɛʃəl ˈmɛʒərz ənd əˈʤəstmənts əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈpərsɪnəl nid ənd tɪ gɪv ˈgaɪdəns tɪ ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ənd stæf ʃʊd bi pɑrt əv ðə nu liˈeɪˌzɑn ənd dɪˈvərʒən ˈsərvɪsɪz. ˈfaɪnəli, ðə juz əv ðiz ˈmɛʒərz ənd ˈəðər ˈrizənəbəl əˈʤəstmənts ʃʊd bi ˈmɑnətərd, rivˈjud ənd ˌriˈpɔrtəd fər ðə ˈnæʃənəl liˈeɪˌzɑn ənd dɪˈvərʒən dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈnɛtˌwərk ənd ən ˈɪnəgrəl pɑrt əv ðə ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ ˈpɑləsi. ˌɪnˈdid, ðɛr ʃʊd bi wən ˈrɛʤɪstər əv ˌɪnərˈmidiˌɛriz 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 878 fər ɔl ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm, ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ɔl ðə seɪm ˈstændərdz. prəˈsiʤərz fər ɔl liˈeɪˌzɑn ənd dɪˈvərʒən ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪn ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm ʃʊd prəˈvaɪd ðə kɔrts wɪθ ɔl ˈrɛləvənt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˌɪmˈpɛrmənt ənd səˈpɔrt nidz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wɪn ən əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈædəlt həz bɪn kɔld tɪ ə ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈædəlt ər oʊld æt ə pəˈlis ˈsteɪʃən. ðɪs simz ən ˈɑbviəs əˈnɑməli; ɪt rɪsks ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˈsɪriəs ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs, wɪʧ ɪz kwaɪt ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl. ðə ˈmɑdəl ɪgˈzɪsts fər hɛlp fər ˈwɪtnəsɪz ðəs dɪˈseɪbəld, soʊ ðə səˈluʃən wʊd əˈpɪr tɪ bi ˈsɪmpli tɪ əˈplaɪ ɪt tɪ dɪˈfɛndənts wɪθ ˈsɪmələr dɪsəˈbɪlɪtiz fər ˈʤəstɪs tɪ bi dən. dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən ɪz hɑrd ɪˈnəf æt ðə bɛst əv taɪmz wɪn ju ər dɪˈseɪbəld. æt ðə wərst əv taɪmz, fər ðə kɔrts tɪ bi faʊnd tɪ bi ˌɪnədˈvərtəntli dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪtɪŋ əˈgɛnst ə dɪˈfɛndənt bɪˈkəz əv hɪz ər hər hu ɪz ˈɪnəsənt ənˈtɪl pruvd ə ˈfeɪljər tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˌdɪsəˈbɪlɪti, ɪz ˈklɪrli ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl. ˈmərsɪfəˌli, ɪt wʊd əˈpɪr ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈizi tɪ pʊt raɪt. aɪ ərʤ ðə ˈmɪnɪstər, æt ðɪs leɪt steɪʤ ɪn ðə bɪl, tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ər meɪd tɪ ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən soʊ ðət ˈʤəstɪs kən ˌɪnˈdid bi dən ənd bi sin tɪ bi dən. aɪ bɛg tɪ muv. lɔrd ˈbiʧəm: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ hoʊp ðə ˈmɪnɪstər kən gɪv ə ˈpɑzətɪv rɪˈplaɪ tɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs. ʃi həz meɪd ə ˈpaʊərfəl keɪs ɪn kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈvəlnərəbəl grup fər hum ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈsərvɪsɪz ər pərˈhæps nɑt ˈædəkˌweɪt. aɪ du nɑt noʊ ˈwɛðər ðə ˈmɪnɪstər wɪl bi ˌɪnˈklaɪnd tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðə əˈmɛndmənt æt ðɪs steɪʤ ər ˈwɛðər hi wɪl æt list bi priˈpɛrd tɪ teɪk ɪt bæk fər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ˈrəðər ˈrɛdɪŋ. aɪ θɪŋk ðət ðət wʊd ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs ənd moʊst ˈmɛmbərz əv jʊr lordships’*’ haʊs ənd aɪ hoʊp hi filz ˈeɪbəl tɪ teɪk ðət kɔrs. lɔrd wʊlf: aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ərʤ ðə ˈmɪnɪstər tɪ du wət həz ʤɪst bɪn ərʤd baɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈbiʧəm. ɪt ɪz ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈduti tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ˈfɛrnəs əv ðə traɪəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈprɑbləm aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd baɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈbɛrənɪs, ˈleɪdi, ɪz wən ðət ðə ʤəʤ ˈsɪmpli ˈkænɑt ˈtækəl hɪmˈsɛlf. ðɛr nidz tɪ bi ˌhænˈzɔn əˈsɪstəns əv ðə sɔrt ʃi ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, fər ðə seɪm ˈrizən, aɪ æsk ðə ˈmɪnɪstər tɪ gɪv ˈkɛrfəl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən tɪ ðɪs. lɔrd məkˈnæˌli: maɪ lɔrdz, ɛz ðə ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd lɔrd, lɔrd wʊlf, həz ʤɪst toʊld ˈjuˈɛs, ɪt ɪz ðə ˈduti əv ðə kɔrts tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət dɪˈfɛndənts rɪˈsiv ə fɛr traɪəl. ɪt ˈðɛrˌfɔr meɪ bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ meɪk ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈɛfərts ɪn ðə keɪs əv dɪˈfɛndənts huz ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd. tɪ səm ɪkˈstɛnt ɪt wɪl fɔl tɪ ðə ˈligəl ædˈvaɪzər, ər tɪ ðə ʤəʤ, tɪ hɛlp mit ðə nidz əv ðiz ˈvəlnərəbəl dɪˈfɛndənts. frəm taɪm tɪ taɪm kɔrts hæv əˈsərtəd ðə raɪt tɪ grænt səʧ dɪˈfɛndənts ðə əˈsɪstəns əv ən ˌɪnərˈmidiɛri. ˈstæʧəˌtɔri prəˈvɪʒən həz ɪn fækt ɔˈrɛdi bɪn meɪd ɪn ˈsɛkʃən 104 əv ðə ˈkɔrənərz ənd ˈʤəstɪs ækt 2009 fər ˈsərtən ˈvəlnərəbəl dɪˈfɛndənts tɪ bi ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər əˈsɪstəns frəm ən ˌɪnərˈmidiɛri wɪn ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈɛvədəns. ə dɪˈfɛndənt wʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ðɪs prəˈvɪʒən wɛr ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ˈifɛktɪvli ɪn ðə prəˈsidɪŋz ɛz ə ˈwɪtnəs ɪz ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd baɪ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪmˈpɛrmənt əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ; ər wɛr ðeɪ ər ˈsəfərɪŋ frəm ə ˈmɛntəl dɪˈsɔrdər wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ðə ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ækt 1983 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 879 ðə ˈgəvərnmənt meɪd ə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ dɪˈfər ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ˈsɛkʃən 104 ənˈtɪl fʊl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən kʊd bi ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðə ˈpræktɪkəl ərˈeɪnʤmənts ənd ˈrisɔrs ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr ər noʊ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət plænz tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ðiz prəˈvɪʒənz, wi ər kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ ˈmɑnətər ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ənd ðə ˈrisɔrs ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz əv duɪŋ soʊ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɛz aɪ sɛd ˈərliər, ˈʤəʤɪz hæv ɔn əˈkeɪʒən ˈgrænɪd ðə juz əv ən ˌɪnərˈmidiɛri tɪ əˈsɪst ˈvəlnərəbəl dɪˈfɛndənts tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ə fɛr traɪəl. ɪn fækt, ˈgaɪdəns ɔn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs fər əˈpɔɪntɪŋ ˌɪnərˈmidiˌɛriz fər dɪˈfɛndənts wɑz ˈɪʃud ˈnæʃənəli tɪ ɔl kɔrts læst jɪr. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, pɑrt əv ðə kənˈsɑləˌdeɪtəd ˈkrɪmənəl ˈpræktɪs dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdz ˈgaɪdəns ɔn ə reɪnʤ əv ˈəðər taɪps əv səˈpɔrt ðət ə kɔrt meɪ wɪʃ tɪ ˈɔfər, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðət æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə prəˈsidɪŋz ðə kɔrt ʃʊd ɪnˈʃʊr ðət wət ɪz tɪ teɪk pleɪs həz bɪn ɪkˈspleɪnd tɪ ə ˈvəlnərəbəl dɪˈfɛndənt ɪn tərmz ðeɪ kən ˌəndərˈstænd. ˈsɛkəndli, ə traɪəl ʃʊd bi kənˈdəktəd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl wɪʧ teɪks fʊl əˈkaʊnt əv ə ˈvəlnərəbəl əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt. ˈfrikˌwɛnt ənd ˈrɛgjələr breɪks wɪl ˈɔfən bi əˈproʊpriˌeɪt. aɪ hæv ˈlɪsənd tɪ wət maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd sɛd ənd tɪ ðə ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃənz əv ðə ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd lɔrd, lɔrd wʊlf, ənd əv ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd, lɔrd ˈbiʧəm. aɪ du nɑt wɔnt tɪ reɪz ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ɛz aɪ æm nɑt ʃʊr ˈwɛðər aɪ kən gɪt ˈklɪrəns tɪ teɪk ðɪs ˈfɔrwərd æt θərd ˈrɛdɪŋ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ əˈʃʊr maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd ðət, ɛz aɪ hæv sɛd, wi ər kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ ˈmɑnətər ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ənd ər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə ˈpræktɪkəl ərˈeɪnʤmənts ənd ˈrisɔrs ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz əv ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪn ˈsɛkʃən 104 aɪ ˈsərtənli əˈgri tɪ teɪk ðɪs ˈmɛʒər əˈweɪ. ɪf aɪ ˈkænɑt brɪŋ ɪt bæk æt θərd ˈrɛdɪŋ, aɪ wɪl raɪt tɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd lɔrd, ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd ənd maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ aɪ ˈkænɑt du soʊ ənd wət wi ər duɪŋ tɪ kip ðɪs ˈmætər ˈəndər ˌrivˈju. aɪ hoʊp ðət, wɪθ ðoʊz əˈʃʊrəntsɪz, maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd wɪl əˈgri tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ hər əˈmɛndmənt. ˈbɛrənɪs əv: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ æm ˈhɑrtəli ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ ðə ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd lɔrd ənd ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd hu hæv səˈpɔrtɪd wət aɪ hæd tɪ seɪ. ðət səˈpɔrt, ˈkəmɪŋ frəm tu səʧ dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ˈsɔrsəz, minz ə ˈvɛri greɪt dil tɪ mi. aɪ hoʊp ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ peɪ hid tɪ ɪt. aɪ hərd wət maɪ ˈnoʊbəl frɛnd ðə ˈmɪnɪstər sɛd. ɪt ɪz ˈmɑdərətli koʊld ˈkəmfərt. ðɛr ɪz nən ðə lɛs ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈfərðər ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən əv wət rɪˈmeɪnz kwaɪt ə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs ðət ɪz bɪlt ˈɪntu ɑr ˈsɪstəm. ɪn ðə min taɪm, aɪ bɛg liv tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ ðə əˈmɛndmənt. əˈmɛndmənt wɪθˈdrɔn. əˈmɛndmənt hæd bɪn ɛz əˈmɛndmənt 108za*. əˈmɛndmənt muvd baɪ lɔrd məkˈnæˌli: ˌbiˈfɔr klɔz 24 ˌɪnˈsərt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ nu clause—*— juz əv fɔrs ɪn ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns æt pleɪs əv ˈrɛzɪdəns 1 ˈsɛkʃən 76 əv ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ənd ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ækt 2008 (juz əv ˈrizənəbəl fɔrs fər ˈpərpəsɪz əv ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns ˌɛtˈsɛtərə) ɪz əˈmɛndɪd ɛz ˈfɑloʊz. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 880 2 ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsəbsɛkʃən 6 (fɔrs nɑt rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ˈrizənəbəl ɪf ɪt wɑz ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt) insert—*— “(5a*) ɪn ə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldər keɪs, ðə dɪˈgri əv fɔrs juzd baɪ di ɪz nɑt tɪ bi rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ˈrizənəbəl ɪn ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ɛz di bɪˈlivd ðɛm tɪ bi ɪf ɪt wɑz ˈgroʊsli ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt ɪn ðoʊz circumstances.”*.” 3 ɪn ˈsəbsɛkʃən 6 æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ˌɪnˈsərt ə keɪs ˈəðər ðən ə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldər case,”*,”. 4 ˈæftər ˈsəbsɛkʃən 8 insert—*— “(8a*) fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ðɪs ˈsɛkʃən ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldər case”*” ɪz ə keɪs where—*— (ə) ðə dɪˈfɛns kənˈsərnd ɪz ðə ˈkɑmən lɔ dɪˈfɛns əv ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns, (bi) ðə fɔrs kənˈsərnd ɪz fɔrs juzd baɪ di waɪl ɪn ər ˈpɑrtli ɪn ə ˈbɪldɪŋ, ər pɑrt əv ə ˈbɪldɪŋ, ðət ɪz ə dˈwɛlɪŋ ər ɪz ˈfɔrsɪz əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən (ər ɪz boʊθ), (si) di ɪz nɑt ə æt ðə taɪm ðə fɔrs ɪz juzd, ənd (di) æt ðət taɪm di bɪˈlivd vi tɪ bi ɪn, ər ˈɛnərɪŋ, ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ər pɑrt ɛz ə. 8b*) where—*— (ə) ə pɑrt əv ə ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪz ə dˈwɛlɪŋ wɛr di dwɛlz, (bi) əˈnəðər pɑrt əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪz ə pleɪs əv wərk fər di ər əˈnəðər ˈpərsən hu dwɛlz ɪn ðə fərst pɑrt, ənd (si) ðət ˈəðər pɑrt ɪz ˌɪnˈtərnəli ækˈsɛsəbəl frəm ðə fərst pɑrt, ðət ˈəðər pɑrt, ənd ˈɛni ˌɪnˈtərnəl minz əv ˈækˌsɛs bɪtˈwin ðə tu pɑrts, ər iʧ ˈtritɪd fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ˈsəbsɛkʃən 8a*) ɛz ə pɑrt əv ə ˈbɪldɪŋ ðət ɪz ə dˈwɛlɪŋ. 8c*) where—*— (ə) ə pɑrt əv ə ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪz ˈfɔrsɪz əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən ðət ɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ ər sˈlipɪŋ əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən fər di, (bi) əˈnəðər pɑrt əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪz ə pleɪs əv wərk fər di ər əˈnəðər ˈpərsən fər hum ðə fərst pɑrt ɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ ər sˈlipɪŋ əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən, ənd (si) ðət ˈəðər pɑrt ɪz ˌɪnˈtərnəli ækˈsɛsəbəl frəm ðə fərst pɑrt, ðət ˈəðər pɑrt, ənd ˈɛni ˌɪnˈtərnəl minz əv ˈækˌsɛs bɪtˈwin ðə tu pɑrts, ər iʧ ˈtritɪd fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ˈsəbsɛkʃən 8a*) ɛz ə pɑrt əv ə ˈbɪldɪŋ ðət ɪz ˈfɔrsɪz əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən. 8d*) 4 ənd 5 əˈplaɪ fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ˈsəbsɛkʃən 8a)(d*) ɛz ðeɪ əˈplaɪ fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ˈsəbsɛkʃən 3 8e*) ðə fækt ðət ə ˈpərsən dɪˈraɪvz ˈtaɪtəl frəm ə, ər həz ðə pərˈmɪʃən əv ə, dɪz nɑt prɪˈvɛnt ðə ˈpərsən frəm biɪŋ ə fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ˈsəbsɛkʃən 8a*). 8f*) ɪn 8a*) tɪ 8c)—*)— ““building”*” ˌɪnˈkludz ə ˈviɪkəl ər ˈvɛsəl, ənd accommodation”*” minz ˈsərvɪs ˈlɪvɪŋ əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv pɑrt 3 əv ðə ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz ækt 2006 baɪ ˈvərʧu əv ˈsɛkʃən 96(1)(a*) ər (bi) əv ðət act.”*.” 5 ɪn ˈsəbsɛkʃən 9 (ˈsɛkʃən ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi clarificatory*) ˈæftər section”*” ˌɪnˈsərt ɪkˈsɛpt soʊ fɑr ɛz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt prəˈvɪʒən fər ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldər cases,”*,”. 6 ən əˈmɛndmənt meɪd baɪ ðɪs ˈsɛkʃən dɪz nɑt əˈplaɪ ɪn rɪˈspɛkt əv fɔrs juzd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə əˈmɛndmənt kəmz ˈɪntu force.”*.” lɔrd məkˈnæˌli: maɪ lɔrdz, aɪ wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ seɪ ðət ðiz wər ˈtɛknɪkəl əˈmɛndmənts, bət aɪ æm ədˈvaɪzd ðət ðeɪ ər nɑt. ɪt wʊd bi ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ tɪ bi kənˈfrəntɪd baɪ ə ˈbərglər ɪn jʊr oʊn hoʊm. ˈmərsɪfəˌli, ɪt dɪz nɑt əˈkər ˈvɛri ˈɔfən, bət wɪn səʧ ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ərˈaɪzɪz moʊst ˈpipəl wʊd seɪ ðət ðə lɔ ʃʊd bi ɔn ðə saɪd əv ðə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldər. ˈæftər ɔl, ðeɪ ər ðə wənz hu meɪ hæv bɪn ˈwoʊkən əp ɪn ðə dɛd əv naɪt, meɪd tɪ fɪr fər ðɛr ˈseɪfti ər ðə ˈseɪfti əv ðɛr ləvd wənz ənd kəmˈpɛld tɪ juz fɔrs tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn trɔˈmætɪk 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 881 ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. ɪf ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz ɛnd əp biɪŋ ərˈɛstɪd, ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪd ər kənˈvɪktəd ˈæftər ˈɪnʤərɪŋ ə ˈbərglər, ðɪs kən gɪv raɪz tɪ ə ˈpəblɪk pərˈsɛpʃən ðət ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ðə ril ˈvɪktɪmz ɪn ɔl əv ðɪs. ðiz əˈmɛndmənts ər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ʃɪft ðə ˈbæləns əv ðə lɔ ˈfərðər ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ðeɪ ər ˈtritɪd fərst ənd ˈfɔrˌmoʊst ɛz ðə ˈvɪktɪmz əv kraɪm. ðə ˈkɑrənt lɔ, ɛz ˈklɛrəˌfaɪd ɪn ˈsɛkʃən 76 əv ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ənd ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ækt 2008 ɔˈrɛdi sɪz ðət ˈpipəl kən prəˈtɛkt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ər ˈəðərz, prɪˈvɛnt kraɪm ər prəˈtɛkt ˈprɑpərti ˈjuzɪŋ fɔrs ðət wɑz ˈrizənəbəl ɪn ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ɛz ðeɪ bɪˈlivd ðɛm tɪ bi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ sɪz ðət ðə juz əv fɔrs wɪʧ wɑz ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt ɪn ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz wɪl ˈnɛvər bi ˈrizənəbəl. ðɪs minz ðət ə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldər hu həz ˈæktɪd ˈɑnəstli ənd ˌɪnˈstɪŋktɪvˌli tɪ prəˈtɛkt hɪmˈsɛlf ər hɪz ləvd wənz frəm ən ˌɪnˈtrudər kʊd ɛnd əp biɪŋ ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪd ɪf hɪz ˈækʃənz ər dimd tɪ hæv bɪn ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt wɪn vjud ɪn ðə koʊld laɪt əv deɪ. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt fil ˈstrɔŋli ðət ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz, ˈæktɪŋ ɪn ɪkˈstrim ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ər ˈəðərz, ˈkænɑt bi ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ weɪ əp ɪgˈzæktli haʊ məʧ fɔrs ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ rɪˈpɛl ən ˌɪnˈtrudər. ðɛr meɪ bi ə faɪn laɪn bɪtˈwin ˈækʃənz ðət ər prəˈpɔrʃənət ɪn ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ənd ðoʊz wɪʧ maɪt bi rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt θɪŋk ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz ʃʊd bi ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ˈɛni daʊt ənd ðət ˈsɛkʃən 76 əv ðə 2008 ækt ʃʊd bi əˈmɛndɪd əˈkɔrdɪŋli. ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz hæv dən ˈoʊnli wət ðeɪ bɪˈlivd wɑz ˈrizənəbəl ɪn ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz, ɪt ʃʊd nɑt ˈmætər ɪf ðoʊz ˈækʃənz wər ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt wɪn vjud wɪθ ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ˈhaɪnˌsaɪt. aɪ æm əˈwɛr əv ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəmz ðət ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɪl əˈmaʊnt tɪ ə vigilantes’*’ ˈʧɑrtər; ðə ˈgəvərnmənt du nɑt əkˈsɛpt ðət ˈɑrgjəmənt. ɔl wi ər seɪɪŋ ɪz ðət ɪf ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz ækt ɪn fɪr fər ðɛr ˈseɪfti ər ðə ˈseɪfti əv ˈəðərz ənd ɪn ðə hit əv ðə ˈmoʊmənt juz fɔrs wɪʧ ɪz ˈrizənəbəl ɪn ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz bət simz ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt wɪn vjud ɪn ðə koʊld laɪt əv deɪ, ðeɪ ʃʊd nɑt bi ˈtritɪd ɛz ˈkrɪmənəlz. fɔrs wɪʧ wɑz kəmˈplitli ˈoʊvər ðə ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt, ɪn ˈəðər words—*— wɪl stɪl nɑt bi pərˈmɪtɪd. ðɪs ɪz nɑt əˈbaʊt seɪɪŋ ðət ɪt ɪz ˈoʊpən ˈsizən ɔn ˈɛni ˌɪnˈtrudər. ɪt ɪz ˈrəðər seɪɪŋ ðət ðə lɔ wɪl lʊk əˈpɑn ˈɛni ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldər hu, feɪst ɪn hɪz oʊn hoʊm wɪθ ðə ˈtɛrər əv ˈsəmˌwən hi bɪˈlivz tɪ bi ə, ækts ɪn ə weɪ ðət ɪz ˈrizənəbəl ɪn ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ɛz hi bɪˈlivd ðɛm tɪ bi, ˈivɪn ɪf ðə fɔrs juzd wɑz ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt. ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz wɪl noʊt ðət ðə əˈmɛndmənts ər ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ər ˈəðərz frəm ˌɪnˈtrudərz ɪn ðɛr dˈwɛlɪŋz. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt bɪˈliv ðət əˈtæks baɪ ˌɪnˈtrudərz ɪn ðə hoʊm kɔz ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈpəblɪk kənˈsərn. ɑr hoʊm ɪz ɑr ˈheɪvən ənd pleɪs wɛr wi hæv ˈɛvəri raɪt tɪ fil seɪf. ðət ɪz waɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt bɪˈliv ðət ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz dɪˈzərv ˈspɛʃəl prəˈtɛkʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə prəˈvɪʒən ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈstɛndz tɪ ˈʃɑpˌkipərz hu lɪv ənd wərk ɪn ðə seɪm ˈprɛməsəz ənd ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz ˌpərsəˈnɛl hu meɪ lɪv ənd wərk ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋz səʧ ɛz ˈbɛrəks fər ə ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 882 wi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ðɛr ər ə reɪnʤ əv ˈəðər ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ɪn wɪʧ ˈpipəl maɪt bi rikˈwaɪərd tɪ juz ɪgˈzæmpəl, tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ðɛmˈsɛlvz frəm əˈtæk ɔn ðə strit, tɪ ˌɪntərˈvin tɪ stɑp kraɪmz biɪŋ kəˈmɪtɪd ər tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðɛr ˈprɑpərti. ðə nu prəˈvɪʒən dɪz nɑt ɪkˈstɛnd tɪ ðoʊz ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz, bət ðə ˈkɑrənt lɔ ɔn ðə juz əv ˈrizənəbəl fɔrs wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ əˈplaɪ ɪn ðoʊz ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. aɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət səm ˈnoʊbəl lɔrdz maɪt hæv ə ˈfilɪŋ əv déjà*à vu ɛz wi dəˈbeɪt ðiz ˈmɛʒərz. wi ər rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ən ˈɛriə əv ðə lɔ ðət həz bɪn dəˈbeɪtɪd twaɪs ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz. waɪl ˈpriviəs bɪlz ˈklɛrəˌfaɪd ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə lɔ ɔn ðə juz əv fɔrs, ðə ˈkɑrənt prəˈpoʊzəlz wʊd meɪk məˈtɪriəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ˈstrɛŋθən ðə raɪts əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz wɪn dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ər ˈəðərz frəm ˌɪnˈtrudərz. ˈkrɪtɪks hæv sɛd ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ər ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri bɪˈkəz ðə ˈkɑrənt lɔ prəˈvaɪdz ˈædəkˌweɪt prəˈtɛkʃən ənd ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz hu hæv dɪˈfɛndɪd ðɛmˈsɛlvz frəm ˈbərglərz ər ˈhɑrdli ˈɛvər ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪd. ˈklɪrli ðə ˈgəvərnmənt teɪk ə ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt vju. iʧ keɪs ɪz ˈdɪfərənt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə kraʊn ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən ˈsərvɪs ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd nɑt tɪ ˈprɑsəˌkjut ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈrisənt ˈkeɪsɪz, səʧ ɛz ðoʊz ɪn ənd ˈmænˌʧɛstər, ðɛr maɪt bi ɔˈkeɪʒənz ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər wɛr ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ðiz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt prəˈvɪʒənz. aɪ bɛg tɪ muv. piɛm lɔrd ˈbiʧəm: maɪ lɔrdz, ˈbərgləri ɪz ə ˈsɪriəs crime—*— lɔrd wʊlf: maɪ lords—*— lɔrd məkˈnæˌli: dɪz ðə ˈnoʊbəl lɔrd nɑt wɔnt tɪ spik æt ðə ɛnd? lɔrd ˈbiʧəm: noʊ, aɪ wɔnt tɪ spik naʊ ɪf ðət ɪz ɔl raɪt. θæŋk ju. ˈbərgləri ɪz ə ˈsɪriəs kraɪm ənd ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli dɪˈstrɛsɪŋ wən. ðə fɔrst ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv hoʊm ædz ə ˈfərðər dɪˈmɛnʃən tɪ ðə ˈifɛkt ɔn ɪts ˈɑkjəˌpaɪərz. aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə haʊs wɪl hæv ʃɛrd maɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns, æt list ɪn pɑrt. maɪ home—which*, ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, wɑz bɪlt baɪ ðə ˈfɑðər əv ðə ˈnoʊbəl ənd ˈlərnɪd lɔrd, lɔrd wʊlf, tɪ hum aɪ əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz fər ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn ðɪs dəˈbeɪt, fər ˈrizənz ðət aɪ ʃæl gɪv bɪn ənd maɪ ˈɔfəs həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn wəns. ˈfɔrʧənətli, ˈlɪtəl ˈdæmɪʤ wɑz dən; ˈivɪn mɔr ˈfɔrʧənətli, noʊ wən wɑz ˈprɛzənt æt ðə taɪm. wɛr ðə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldər ər ˈəðər ˈɑkjəpənt ɪz ˈprɛzənt, ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə kraɪm trænˈsɛndz dɪˈstrɛs ənd, tu ˈɔfən, bɪˈkəmz trɔˈmætɪk. aɪ seɪ æt wəns ðət wi ˈwɛlkəm ðə ɪkˈstɛnʃən əv ðə ˈprɛzənt lɔ tɪ ˌnɑnˌrɛzəˈdɛnʃəl ˈprɛməsəz, səʧ ɛz ðoʊz əv ˈʃɑpˌkipərz, tɪ wɪʧ ðə ˈmɪnɪstər həz rɪˈfərd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ dəˈmɛstɪk ˈprɛməsəz, waɪl ˌæbsəˈlutli əˈfərmɪŋ ðə raɪt əv ˈrɛzɪdənts tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd ðɛr ˈprɑpərti, wi hæv daʊts əˈbaʊt ðə prəˈpoʊzəlz. ðə əˈmɛndmənts hæv bɪn ˈɪntu ðə bɪl æt ˈvərʧuəli ðə læst ˈmɪnət, ˈɔlˌmoʊst, ɪt wʊd sim, ɛz ən ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən raɪt pərˈfɔrmd baɪ ðə nu lɔrd ˈʧænsələr. ənˈlaɪk ðə prəˈpoʊzəlz ɔn kəmˈjunɪti ˈsɛntənsɪŋ, wi hæv nɑt hæd ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti əv ə ˈʤɛnərəl dəˈbeɪt ˈəndər ðə prəˈsiʤər. aɪ prəˈpoʊz ˈðɛrˌfɔr tɪ trit ðə dəˈbeɪt ɔn ðiz əˈmɛndmənts ɛz, ɪn ˈifɛkt, ə ˈsɛkənd ˈrɛdɪŋ dəˈbeɪt, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ aɪ sɔt tɪ spik naʊ ˈrəðər ðən ˈleɪtər. 10 dɛk 2012 ˈkɑləm 883 ˈbərgləri ɪz ən əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpərsən ɛz wɛl ɛz əˈgɛnst ˈprɑpərti, bɪˈkəz ə ˈbreɪˌkɪn dɪˈstrɔɪz ðə pis əv maɪnd baɪ ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ ðə seɪf ˈheɪvən əv ðɛr hoʊm. ðə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldər ɪz nɑt ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz kɑm, kul ˈʤəʤmənt. ðə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldər ɪz i

10 dec 2012 : column 851 10 dec 2012 : column 851 house of lords monday, 10 december 2012. 2.30 pm prayers—read by the lord bishop of bristol. cycling: infrastructure question 2.37 pm asked by lord berkeley to ask her majesty’s government what proportion of the highways agency’s budget is allocated to infrastructure for cycling. earl attlee: my lords, the highways agency works with cycling organisations to provide parallel routes, safe access and crossing points to the strategic route network. these schemes are funded within the agency’s portfolio of small improvement schemes, on which the expenditure is approximately £50 million each year across the portfolio. provision for cyclists is also a consideration of the agency’s major schemes. the specific investment relating to cyclists is therefore difficult to disaggregate. lord berkeley: i am grateful to the minister for that answer and i congratulate the government and tfl on the investment they have recently announced for cycling infrastructure. however, does he agree that possibly there is a need to go further? there is a poll in the timestoday, coincidentally, which shows that 25% of the respondents think that segregated cycle lanes would make people cycle more. it also shows that only 2% of journeys in this country are by cycle compared with a figure of about 25% to 35% in belgium, holland and denmark. does he agree that it is time to look at reallocating space on the roads for cycles and providing much greater investment alongside that? earl attlee: my lords, the views of respondents to any survey are obviously important. we should not disregard them. we should take account of them. segregation has its benefits because you will be able to reduce the number of accidents far more effectively. however, there is the issue of economic use of the road space and the business case if you want such a scheme. in london, these are matters for transport for london. lord taverne: my lords, does the minister accept that the bicycle is the most efficient machine ever invented for converting energy into motion and that the bicycle could be accurately described as a green car that can run on tap water and tea cakes and has a built-in gym? does he therefore agree that it makes sense to base policy for private urban transport on the motto, “two wheels good; four wheels bad”? earl attlee: my lords, i agree with my noble friend. one of the most important aspects of the use of the bicycle is the health benefits. that is why the government support cycling and why the previous government did exactly the same thing. 10 dec 2012 : column 852 baroness king of bow: my lords, we are all aware of the dangers of cycling, especially if you live in tower hamlets where, on friday, the 14th cyclist to die in london this year was pronounced dead on commercial road. i want to ask the minister about another danger facing cyclists. i refer to the high levels of exhaust fumes and particulates that they inhale. can the minister hazard a guess as to whether, say, a half-hour commute on a bicycle in rush-hour traffic is the equivalent of one cigarette a day or 20 cigarettes a day? if he is not sure—because i am not—would he be willing to write to me with the latest research evidence and government guidance so that cyclists can be assured that their healthy lifestyle is not, in fact, a fast track to lung cancer? earl attlee: my lords, the noble baroness will be aware that the previous mayor of london introduced a lower emissions zone for london to tackle the level of emissions. i accept that they are too high, but everyone is working to reduce the levels. lord quirk: “two legs good” is by all means better than “two wheels good”. can we not have some guarantee of the safety of pedestrians on the pavement as well as of course support for the need to protect cyclists? earl attlee: my lords, although the government support cycling, we do so only where it is legal. it is important that cyclists do not ride their cycles on the footpath. enforcement is an operational matter for the police. lord hughes of woodside: my lords, although we must do everything possible to encourage the safety of cyclists, does the minister agree that cyclists themselves can do much to help their own safety? for example, in the evening, when it is dark, one hardly sees the bicycle light flashing. furthermore, cyclists seem to wear the darkest of clothes, which makes them almost invisible. should not something be done to educate them, first, to have decent lights and, secondly, to wear fluorescent jackets so that they can be easily seen? earl attlee: my lords, the highway code advises cyclists to wear appropriate high-visibility clothing all the time and make sure that their lights work. the noble lord is right. cyclists can do a lot to make themselves less vulnerable. baroness gardner of parkes: my lords, is the minister aware that, in london, a great many of the fatal accidents occur when people are dragged under as large vehicles turn left, particularly cement vehicles and waste disposal vehicles carrying skips? the front wheel hits a person, but it is the back wheel that kills them. if a bar was put along the side to prevent the bicycle being dragged under the vehicle it would save many lives. is there any thought of the government encouraging that? earl attlee: my lords, there are already regulations in place that require side guards to be fitted to the majority of heavy goods vehicles. however, construction vehicles are exempt. the european union is looking at the regulation of side guards and will probably reduce the number of exemptions. 10 dec 2012 : column 853 lord davies of oldham: my lords, following on from the previous question, is the minister not concerned that the accident rate for cyclists is increasing alarmingly, especially in london? cyclists have a particular problem in coping with large roundabouts where there are no regulated lanes. several of the deaths have occurred at such roundabouts. why do the government not take up the programme that the times has launched, “cities fit for cycling”, in which it says that in order to get dedicated cycle lanes and improve our safety record we need £100 million a year spent on cycling? earl attlee: my lords, i assure the noble lord that we are paying close attention to the times campaign for the very reasons that the noble lord points out. this is of course a question about the highways agency, which has a range of local network management schemes to make improvements where cycle routes cross the strategic route network or there are segregation problems. baroness mcintosh of hudnall: my lords, given that most people driving on the roads probably took their tests quite a long time ago—i have to say that i certainly did—is the noble earl confident that the current methods of testing young drivers take sufficient account of the dangers to cyclists that drivers represent, particularly in view of the fact that no matter how much investment is made in cycling routes, cyclists will have to share the road with drivers for at least some of the time? earl attlee: the noble baroness makes an extremely important point. i can assure her that the driving standards agency adjusts the test to make sure that it properly reflects the needs of cyclists. in addition, i should point out to your lordships the need regularly to read the highway code because its contents change, particularly in respect of road markings relating to cyclists. united states budget: economic impact question 2.45 pm asked by lord roberts of conwy to ask her majesty’s government what assessment they have made of the effect on the united kingdom economy of the outcomes of the “fiscal cliff” discussions in the united states of america. lord newby: my lords, the office for budget responsibility, which is responsible for producing independent economic and fiscal forecasts for the uk economy, based its forecasts last week on the assumption that fiscal policy will be tightened in the us by between 1% and 2% of us gdp. this, in turn, assumes that the us congress will reach a budget settlement by the end of the year and that the fiscal cliff will be avoided. lord roberts of conwy: is my noble friend aware, as i am sure he is, that many believe that unless the end-year fiscal crisis in the us is averted, involving as it does some hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of tax rises and spending, there is a risk that the us could return to recession, and the prospects for our exporters 10 dec 2012 : column 854 to the united states could be very gloomy indeed? such prospects are already gloomy in the eurozone and other countries where lower growth is anticipated. is there a specific remedy for that situation, should it develop? lord newby: my lords, i agree with the noble lord that the us economy is extremely important to our exporters. last year, we exported £80 billion of goods and services to the us, which amounted to 16% of our total exports. however, perhaps i have watched too many episodes of “the west wing” but i suspect that a deal on the us budget will be done in time, albeit at the last minute. lord bilimoria: my lords, it is estimated that if the us falls off its fiscal cliff, its gdp will fall significantly. will the minister admit that, following the chancellor saying in the autumn statement that deficit reduction will now take three years longer, we in this country have already fallen off our own fiscal cliff? lord newby: no, my lords, the situation is quite the opposite. the fact that the government took decisive action in 2010 to effect a fiscal consolidation over a number of years—and then flexed that, given the severe headwinds that we faced from the eurozone—means that we are not faced with a fiscal cliff and we are now looking to a period of growth next year that will be higher than that anticipated in, for example, the eurozone. lord davies of oldham: my lords, it is all right for the minister to wish the americans well, but why do the government not emulate them? is he unaware of the fact that the american economy has been growing at 2%, while we are teetering on the edge of our own cliff towards a third recession? lord newby: my lords, i agree with president obama on this. noble lords: oh! lord newby: earlier this year, in relation to the us and uk economies, he said that, “our objectives are common, which is we want to make sure that we have … governments that are lean, that are effective, that are efficient, that are providing opportunity to our people, that are properly paid for so that we’re not leaving it to the next generation”. baroness kramer: i ask the minister not to emulate the us fiscal cliff and to go for certainty in british fiscal and economic policy. however, does he not agree that british exporters should be careful not to overreact to either the fiscal cliff or the eurozone crisis? in the autumn statement, there was more than £1.5 billion in additional government support for exports; should not businesses both small and large be seizing those opportunities—and seizing them now? lord newby: i absolutely agree. the challenge now is for exporters to continue exporting in markets where they already do that. for example, our exports to the us this year have increased by 4% and are therefore still exploiting existing markets. however, in addition, 10 dec 2012 : column 855 the key is getting more companies exporting to the newer markets. that is why the increases in exports to china, brazil and india over the past two years have been so significant. lord soley: the minister referred to the decisive action in 2010. surely what the government were doing at that time was talking us into a deeper recession than the one we were already going into. secondly, does he not recognise that without growth we will not get out of the problems we are in? historically, cutting deficits does not really work unless you have high growth as well. we do not have that and it does not look as though we will get it under the current policies. lord newby: my lords, if the government had not adopted a credible fiscal policy in 2010, it is almost certain that interest rates in the uk would now be significantly higher than they are, as they are in much of the eurozone. bear in mind that every 1% increase in interest rates means £12 billion extra in mortgage payments. this would have been have been a huge gamble that would almost certainly have failed had we not taken decisive action in 2010. lord forsyth of drumlean: my lords, is the lesson that we need to learn from both sides of the atlantic not that if governments live beyond their means and raise the tax burden too high, growth disappears—a lesson that my noble friend lord lawson taught us in the 1980s and which we need to relearn? lord newby: my lords, the key challenge for governments, either in this country or on the other side of the pond, is to ensure that there is a credible fiscal framework and a competitive economy so that businesses can invest. that is what the government have been seeking to achieve. lord tomlinson: my lords, if the economy is doing as well as the noble lord suggests, does he regard the threats from the rating agencies as being a vote of confidence? lord newby: my lords, the rating agencies, as we all know, have an unblemished record in dealing with businesses and countries. for those countries that have seen their credit rating reduced, including the us, there has been virtually no impact on their ability to borrow. baroness o'cathain: my lords, can we not realise that trade is a two-way thing? it is import substitution and exports. we should encourage more import substitution in all our purchasing in this country. it is never mentioned and there is no reason why some of the wonderful british goods that are exported to earn foreign currencies should not be bought by people here, thereby reducing our imports. lord newby: my lords, i absolutely agree with my noble friend, and it is very important that we do all we can to support new initiatives, such as the one being led by my noble friend lord alliance to reinvigorate the textile industry in the north-west, where there now 10 dec 2012 : column 856 appears to be the prospect—if we get it right—of creating almost 250,000 jobs in textile manufacturing for the first time in a generation. armed forces: medical services question 2.52 pm asked by lord trefgarne to ask her majesty’s government what are the respective numerical strengths of the medical services of the royal navy, army and the royal air force, and what proportion of those personnel are reservists. the parliamentary under-secretary of state, ministry of defence (lord astor of hever): my lords, i am sure the whole house will wish to join me in offering sincere condolences to the family and friends of captain walter barrie, 1st battalion the royal regiment of scotland, who was killed on operations in afghanistan recently. my thoughts are also with the wounded, and i pay tribute to the courage and fortitude in which they face their rehabilitation. on the question, in april this year the numerical strength of the naval medical service was 1,650, of whom 60—just under 4%—were reservists. the strength of the army medical service was 8,040, of which 2,840—35%—were reservists, and the strength of the royal air force medical service was 2,120, of which 190—9%—were reservists. members of all three medical services, regular and reserve, are making extraordinary contributions to our medical capability in afghanistan, and i pay tribute to them. lord trefgarne: my lords, i am grateful to my noble friend for that helpful reply. if it is the policy—which i believe it is, and i support it—to increase the use of reservists in the medical services of our three armed forces, it is important that we have a good supply of experienced and trained medical personnel, particularly from the national health service. is the minister satisfied that the national health service, which itself is pressed in many areas, will be able to supply the number of personnel that will be required in future years, and that no unnecessary restrictions will be placed in their way? lord astor of hever: my lords, i agree with my noble friend that we will need a good supply of reservists in future. nhs employees are free to join the reserves without any interference from their employer. if they come from a trust that does not have reserve-friendly hr policies—and these trusts are very rare—they can still join the reserves, but in the worst case they may have to take leave to train. we recognise, as did the previous government, that my noble friend highlights a serious problem. the issue is being addressed by the reserves consultation document. we are consulting as widely as possible to ensure that we have the right relationship with employers and reservists to sustain these changes in future. we need to understand what difficulties employers face in releasing their staff and to do our best to mitigate them. 10 dec 2012 : column 857 lord rosser: my lords, we, too, offer our sincere condolences to the family and friends of captain walter barrie. his death is another all-too-frequent reminder of the enormous sacrifices still being made by members of our armed forces in the service of our country. the report of the public inquiry into the death of iraqi civilian baha mousa found that military guidance on key ethical questions was not provided to regimental medical officers at the time. is the minister now satisfied that if there were to be an increase in the proportion of medical personnel who were reservists, appropriate guidance would always be given to them prior to deployment, and that they would be as able as regular medical officers to resist any pressures to prioritise their obligations or loyalties to the military over their ethical duties to patients? further, will the medical services available to members of the reserve forces post-deployment be the same as the medical services available to members of the regular forces post-deployment? lord astor of hever: my lords, in answer to the noble lord’s first question, i am pretty certain that i can give him that assurance. like a number of noble lords, i have been to afghanistan and seen the hospital at camp bastion. i talked to a number of reservists. they work to an incredibly high standard. the nhs is very grateful for what its personnel pick up there and are able to take back to their respective trusts. lord ribeiro: my lords, will the minister explain to the house how the expertise of the defence medical services in afghanistan, many of whom are reservists, can be maintained and used to the benefit of the nhs when the drawdown occurs in 2014? lord astor of hever: my noble friend asks a very important question. i know that he was out in afghanistan last year and saw the very good work that our regular and reservist medics do there. they have saved a lot of lives. there are two possible answers to my noble friend’s question: first, sharing experience through teaching in training in trauma centres and, secondly, clinical placements with coalition partners in areas of conflict. lord palmer of childs hill: my lords, from these benches i express condolences at the losses referred to by the minister. what work are the government doing to examine the common features of the forces’ medical services so that we may stretch resources further by removing unnecessary duplication, perhaps in areas such as procurement or training? lord astor of hever: my lords, several initiatives are under way to remove duplication by the single services’ medical services. the first, scheduled to be delivered on 1 april next year, is the new defence primary healthcare project. the current royal navy, army and air force primary healthcare systems will start to combine to form defence primary healthcare under the command of a two-star medical officer. the aim is to develop and create an organisation made up of royal navy, army, royal air force and civilian medical personnel working jointly to benefit all the patients they serve, to safeguard the quality of 10 dec 2012 : column 858 healthcare for military personnel, their dependents and entitled civilians, and to maximise the forces’ generation capabilities. lord west of spithead: my lords, i agree with the minister about the huge pride we have in our medical forces across the board. not only are they at the cutting edge of skills to look after people who, very sadly, have suffered major injuries, but they have also shown immense bravery. indeed, two women who are probably about half my height have managed to win military crosses in the past three years in looking after people for whom they were responsible. we should feel a huge debt of gratitude and pride in them all for that. we also have an amazing centre of skill at birmingham and at headley court in terms of people recovering. will the minister tell us what will happen if scotland separates? bearing in mind the complexity of how this works, it will be extremely difficult. how will that work out? lord astor of hever: my lords, i agree with the noble lord in the first part of his question. i have seen a number of these reservists and regulars several times in the hospital at camp bastion. i am in awe of what they do and the lives they save—it is amazing work. in answer to the noble lord’s second question, we do not envisage that this is going to happen. banking: regulation question 3.01 pm asked by lord barnett to ask her majesty’s government what action they propose with regard to the regulation of the banking industry. lord newby: my lords, her majesty’s government have committed to fundamental reform of financial regulation in the united kingdom through the financial services bill, which received its third reading in the house last week. further regulation of the banking industry will be contained in the banking reform bill, which is currently the subject of pre-legislative scrutiny by the parliamentary commission on banking standards. lord barnett: has the noble lord seen what was said by the present governor of the bank of england last week that this can be dealt with without even bothering with regulation? first he criticised the banks for hiding £60 billion of debts and then he went on to suggest that banks should increase their capital reserves immediately. does the minister agree with that, or does he agree with the banks that say that if they increase the capital reserves they cannot also lend as the chancellor has suggested? which one of those does the minister agree with? lord newby: my lords, the fact that the governor can make statements at the moment that are aspirations and have no direct impact shows why the new regulatory architecture, particularly the financial policy committee, which is a new body designed specifically to look at these things, is so important. i am sure that they are reflecting on his views and will be opining on them very shortly. 10 dec 2012 : column 859 lord sharkey: my lords, regulation will surely provide for penalties for those who break the rules. however, when it comes to the massive mis-selling of pensions, endowments or ppi policies, the fsa has confirmed that in the past five years not one single bank employee has had disciplinary action taken against them. does the minister believe that that is right, and can he reopen the issue with the fsa? lord newby: my lords, one of the general problems that we are grappling with is that bankers seem to think that they live in a different world to the rest of us and that they should be able to avoid not just censure but charges if they have done something that is criminally wrong. that is why in the recent financial services bill we introduced new provisions to deal with people who have manipulated the libor rates so that, when the whole episode is fully looked into, if criminal action is necessary, it will for the first time be able to be taken against people who have cheated the system. lord peston: my lords, bearing in mind the global nature of the whole financial services sector, and certainly of the banking sector, in the government’s opinion does any central bank or other financial regulator, acting on its own, have any chance of success? must not the future basis of regulatory policy be one of international co-operation between the regulators and the central banks? lord newby: yes, my lords, i completely agree. one of the things that the banking crisis has demonstrated is that the banks understand the international situation better than governments understand it. one of the things that we have been trying to do, both through the eu and internationally, is to close that gap. no doubt the noble lord has seen the article in the ft today by paul tucker from the bank of england and martin gruenberg, the chair of the federal deposit insurance corporation in the states, which looks specifically at how you deal with resolving problems concerning the largest systemically important banks in the world. lord lawson of blaby: my lords, while the noble lord, lord peston, is undoubtedly correct that international co-operation is desirable, will the minister give an undertaking that we shall not hold back on what needs to be done simply because international co-operation may not be forthcoming or, even if it is, it may not be adequate? lord newby: my lords, i absolutely agree. that is why we have been in the forefront of bringing forward plans under which banking problems can be resolved and why, under the banking reform bill, we are looking at having a ring-fence around retail banks so that we do not have the problems that we have had in the past. this will go ahead, whatever happens internationally. i hope very much that there will be international action, but action that is based very much on the british model and with british leadership. lord mcfall of alcluith: my lords, glass-steagall, which governed the global prudential system, was more than 30 pages, basel ii increased that tenfold to 350 pages and basel iii is now 600 pages. does this not tell us that the system is governed by complexity 10 dec 2012 : column 860 and opacity and that the desire to game it increases? is there not a case for simplifying the system and having leverage play a greater role in the regulatory framework? the need for structural change, irrespective of what is happening elsewhere in the world, is urgent in the uk and we should get on with it. lord newby: yes, my lords, i agree. basel is indeed that number of pages, while i think that the dodd-frank act in the states is more than 2,000 pages and is so complicated that there are real questions about whether the institutions will ever be able to implement it. getting back to what i was saying about banking reform here, one of the key reasons for having a ring-fence is to have a simpler structure under which the retail bank is segregated from the more complicated and casino elements of the system. we think that that will bring benefits for consumers as well as bringing greater stability to the system as a whole. lord pearson of rannoch: my lords, are the government aware of the previous government’s written answer of 21 july 2009 to the effect that the overall supervision of our entire financial industry, including our banking industry, had already been handed over to brussels, leaving the government here with only day-to-day control? does it therefore really matter much what the government come up with here? lord newby: my lords, i am afraid that i was not aware of that comment by the previous administration and i do not recognise it as a reflection of the way that we run our banking system. business of the house motion on standing orders 3.08 pm moved by lord strathclyde that standing order 46 (no two stages of a bill to be taken on one day) be dispensed with on tuesday 11 december to enable the police (complaints and conduct) bill to be taken through its remaining stages on that day; and that standing order 46 be dispensed with on tuesday 18 december to enable the small charitable donations bill to be taken through its remaining stages on that day. motion agreed. partnerships (prosecution) (scotland) bill [hl] second reading 3.08 pm moved by lord wallace of tankerness that the bill be read a second time. the advocate-general for scotland (lord wallace of tankerness): a second reading committee considered the bill in the moses room on tuesday 4 december. i therefore beg to move this motion formally. bill read a second time and committed to a special public bill committee. 10 dec 2012 : column 861 crime and courts bill [hl] crime and courts bill report (3rd day) 3.09 pm clause 23 : enabling the making, and use, of films and other recordings of proceedings amendment 113 moved by baroness kennedy of the shaws 113: clause 23, page 22, line 3, after “that” insert “in appellate proceedings” baroness kennedy of the shaws: my lords, this amendment stands in my name and that of the noble lord, lord lester of herne hill. it seeks to limit the televising of court proceedings to the court of appeal and the supreme court. your lordships may recall that i expressed my view at second reading that cameras in the courts are a total folly except in very limited circumstances. i have no problem with filming proceedings in the supreme court or the court of appeal, where matters of law, principles of human rights or constitutional issues of long-term significance are debated and judged. however, it is a serious mistake to introduce cameras into criminal courts; this whole issue should be approached with caution. we are being persuaded that this is a very circumscribed use of cameras and the rationale is that it will bring transparency to, and increase confidence in, the justice system. i believe it will ultimately have the very opposite effect. there has been lobbying for years to get cameras into courts. it should be recognised that television companies are not really interested in filming in the court of appeal or the supreme court. they want to get into the criminal courts or the libel courts—the places where the dramatic stuff of life is dealt with. they want rape, blood and gore. they want weeping victims, lying witnesses and unrepentant villains in the dock. they want to get into the courts where the salacious and the violent are dealt with in detail. they insist that they are interested only in transparency, when i am afraid that their real interest is voyeurism. in the same way that sex, drugs and rock and roll sell newspapers, they pull in viewing figures for television, too. court television in america made the man who introduced it a billionaire in no time, and lawyers and senior judges there would say that it drove down standards in the courts and decreased public confidence. the public in the end see edited snapshots of proceedings and think they have watched a trial; then they are vitriolic about how stupid the jury has been or how utterly stupid the judge has been. an experiment was conducted in scotland 20 years ago of filming a whole trial. because scotland is the one place in the united kingdom where there is no law forbidding cameras, that was possible without any change in the law. the plan was abandoned when the senior legal profession in the whole of our nation saw the product and realised that there were very serious problems about fairness and enormous risks to justice. i would like our senior judiciary and politicians to go back to that footage and see why it is not a good idea. 10 dec 2012 : column 862 this bill does not ostensibly open the door of the courts to wholesale filming immediately. it is saying that cameras should be let into the higher courts and other courts, such as the criminal courts, for the giving of judgments and the passing of sentences. the public deserve, it is said, to know why a man got 10 years and not more; the public should see the judge passing sentences on criminals; people can cheer from their living rooms as crooks get their comeuppance; and they can knit like the tricoteuse at the guillotine as the judge says, “take her down”. however, the reality is actually damaging for justice. the minister will no doubt say that there will never be filming of witnesses or jurors in cases, but i assure the house that while the intention now may be to stick to judges’ sentencing remarks, that is not the endgame sought by television programme-makers. we often talk of slippery slopes in this house but this one is a sheer drop. as soon as sentencing is covered on television, there will be complaints that the public did not get to see the defendant’s face when he heard his fate or that the remarks made little sense without hearing what the prosecution and defence lawyers had said in argument beforehand. so it will go on, with further and further encroachments sought. 3.15 pm the question is asked: would it not be good for the public to hear and see a judge sentencing? i do not think that will satisfy anything. the sentencing remarks will be edited so that a snippet will be used as a headline on the news and the judge showing compassion will still be vilified by sections of the press, however good his reasoning. some judges may even be tempted to avoid doing their bold but fair thing in looking, for example, at alternatives to prison when they see that camera at the back of the court. i also fear that some judges who miss the drama of the advocates’ arena will play up to the cameras in unhappy ways. does any noble lord in this chamber remember judge pickles? we should be concerned about the powers that we are delegating by virtue of this clause. the joint committee on human rights said in its report, by way of warning, “the delegated powers committee points out in its report on the bill, there is nothing on the face of the bill to prevent the order-making power from being exercised in future to authorise the filming and broadcasting of witnesses, parties, crime victims, jurors or defendants. indeed, granting such a wide authority”, to the lord chancellor and the lord chief justice to act together should be considered with caution. that authority, the report says, “appears to be the government’s intention: in its memorandum to the delegated powers committee it suggested that if clause 23 is enacted, parliament will have approved the principle of filming and broadcasting court proceedings. this led the delegated powers committee to recommend that the affirmative procedure should apply to orders under clause 23(1), so that parliament has an opportunity to apply a higher degree of scrutiny to an order setting out the extent to which filming and broadcasting should be permitted”. we should be very mindful of the fact that our judges increasingly come under pressure to be more modern and to do the modern thing. often, in pursuit of modernisation, we give away things that have worked sensibly and for a good reason. 10 dec 2012 : column 863 the government have asserted that the right to respect for private life in article 8 of the european convention on human rights would not be engaged because court proceedings are public. however, the joint committee on human rights report argued that this was, “too simplistic given the range of very well established restrictions on reporting court proceedings, ranging from hearings in private through to anonymity orders, where the justification rests, in part at least, on the protection of aspects of a person’s private life. indeed, one of the most important questions for parliament about these provisions is whether relaxing the current restrictions on filming and broadcasting court proceedings which are anyway public is a justifiable interference with the right to respect for private life of those individuals involved in the proceedings”. in the united states, they have discovered that no amount of explanation appeases the concerns of witnesses due to come before the courts. because they know it will be televised, there is greater reluctance to participate in proceedings. it is quite wrong that the television filming of court should be further expanded without it coming back before this house for proper consideration. i know that judges might argue that they can carefully fashion what they say and explain the reason for giving a particular sentence in a criminal case, but i am afraid that very often they will be made to sound ridiculous by the way their comments will be edited. judges have also not realised that they will become much more visible. currently, our judges can go about their business without fear for their safety; it is one of the great things about our system. they can shop in waitrose, go to the garden centre at weekends or play golf and no one knows them from adam or eve. their lives will become very different and much less secure once their faces can be played and replayed over and over again on new technology. i would like research to be done on the potential impact of these changes before we go down this road. for this reason, we should not today allow further use of cameras in courts beyond our appellate jurisdiction. i beg to move. lord lester of herne hill: my lords, i am not a criminal lawyer and have none of the experience that the noble baroness, lady kennedy of the shaws, has, but i sat as a criminal judge—grotesque though that may seem—in the days when i was a recorder. i cannot claim much greater experience than that, but i support the amendment as a member of the joint committee on human rights. as the noble baroness, lady kennedy, has said, this amendment was drafted by the committee so it is a jchr amendment, and our report deals with our reasons in detail. in paragraph 60, our conclusion says: “we do not see the justification for the width of the order-making power in clause 23(1) of the bill, which, as it stands, authorises the filming and broadcasting of witnesses, parties, crime victims, jurors and defendants in court proceedings. we urge a much more cautious approach. before any extension of this power we recommend that the government conduct a much more comprehensive public consultation, carry out a more detailed impact assessment in the light of that consultation and conduct a review of the operation of the power after an elapse of years. in the meantime, we recommend that the bill be amended to confine the scope of the power to the filming and broadcasting of judges and advocates in appellate proceedings, as the government currently intends”. 10 dec 2012 : column 864 i am also cautiously conservative on this issue because i do not believe that criminal trials are best conducted in televised goldfish bowl. lord pannick: my lords, i do not share the concerns expressed by the two previous speakers. the broadcasting of court proceedings will enhance public understanding of our justice system, which in general works efficiently and fairly. there is also the possibility that allowing in the cameras may illuminate those areas of the law that are much in need of reform, a result that i would have thought law reformers as distinguished as the noble baroness, lady kennedy of the shaws, and the noble lord, lord lester of herne hill, would welcome. so what if broadcasters focus on sensational cases? that is what print journalists do and we do not exclude them from the courtroom. amendment 113 would confine broadcasting to appellate proceedings but, if the lord chief justice thinks it appropriate, why not allow the broadcasting of a judicial review application that raises issues of importance? such applications normally involve no witness evidence and often raise issues of law of considerable constitutional importance. of course there should be no broadcasting of the evidence of witnesses, and jurors’ faces should not be shown, but i cannot understand why there should be no possibility of the broadcasting of the judge’s sentencing remarks at the end of a criminal trial. there are many cases where, at the end of the criminal trial, the judge is speaking not only to the defendant or other persons in court but is seeking to communicate to the public at large. the judge should be assisted to do so. the noble baroness, lady kennedy of the shaws, made what i respectfully submit was a quite extraordinary suggestion that judges need to be protected because their words may be misrepresented. she also suggested that judges need anonymity in the community at large. i doubt very much whether there are many judges—or, indeed, many noble lords—who think that our judges need or deserve such protection. in any event, amendment 113 is entirely unnecessary because your lordships will see that clause 23 will not come into effect without the agreement of the lord chief justice, who no doubt will carefully consider the details of any scheme to allow broadcasting of court proceedings. for the same reason, amendments 113za and 113zb in this group are also unnecessary in seeking to impose conditions on the broadcasting of court proceedings. i am content to proceed on the basis set out in clause 23, that the broadcasting provision would come into force only, “with the concurrence of the lord chief justice”. it would be far better to let him—or possibly, after next october, her—decide on the detail of the broadcasting scheme. for the same reason, amendment 120b, requiring a resolution from both houses, is unnecessary. the noble baroness, lady kennedy of the shaws, and the noble lord, lord lester of herne hill—for both of whom i have the highest regard—are the 21st century equivalents of the 18th century scottish judge lord eskgrove. when a court reporter wrote down the terms of one of his judgments being delivered in court, lord eskgrove complained: “the fellow takes down my very words”. 10 dec 2012 : column 865 lord lester of herne hill: would the noble lord address the points raised by the joint committee on human rights, rather than referring to me as an 18th century gentleman? lord pannick: my lords, i have made such points as i think may assist the house in answer to the arguments brought forward in this debate and the arguments presented by the joint committee. baroness butler-sloss: my lords, i apologise for arriving late at this part of the debate. i did not propose to speak and hold no strong views about this amendment, but i have to rise just to deal with a point made by the noble lord, lord pannick. he said that judges neither need nor deserve any protection. that is true in general, but i think he has overlooked the fact that certain judges get death threats. there are groups of judges, of which i happen to be one, who during their time as a judge received a number of death threats. in my case they came both from people who could recognise me because they had appeared before me in court and from those, such as fathers 4 justice, who not only made death threats against me but, i must tell your lordships, also threatened to kidnap my dog, which i thought was much more serious than the death threat against me. more serious than the threats that either i or the family court judges receive are those made against judges in terrorist trials. they absolutely need and deserve protection, so i take issue with the noble lord, lord pannick. lord pannick: i entirely agree that judges deserve all the protection necessary in those circumstances. however, the press and broadcasters are perfectly entitled to publish photographs of the judge who has heard the terrorist trial or any other sensational case. this amendment would have no impact in that respect. baroness kennedy of the shaws: does the noble lord accept that there is something different about the moving camera? there is a famous book by christopher isherwood, goodbye to berlin, in which the first line is: “i am a camera”. the reason why he starts that way is because he is saying: “i am providing you with a subjective view from my eyes—my edited account of what was happening in the 1930s during the rise of hitler in berlin”. he was pointing up the fact that the camera is very subjective. does the noble lord agree with that? lord pannick: of course there are differences, but no difference that could possibly justify these amendments. noble lords will know that the proceedings of our supreme court are broadcast virtually every day that the court sits. none of us has any knowledge of that; it has caused no adverse effects and i cannot understand the noble baroness’s concerns. baroness kennedy of the shaws: my lords— earl attlee: my lords, we need to be a little careful about adhering to the rules of report. lord mackay of clashfern: my lords, the noble baroness has referred to something that happened about 20 years ago in relation to experiments in scotland. 10 dec 2012 : column 866 as she said, judges there were able to make arrangements for televising trials without any change in the statute law because there was no statute restricting that possibility. a considerable number of cases were televised under that arrangement. the television authorities put together a programme because, interested though they were in scotland, it was nothing in comparison with the interest they had in proceedings in england, for reasons which perhaps an 18th-century scottish judge might have speculated about. anyway, that was the fact. 3.30 pm it was arranged that senior members of the judiciary here and the legal profession—particularly those who had practised considerably in the criminal courts, as the noble baroness has—should view this compilation of the results of the television trials to pave the way for similar arrangements in england. i was present on at least one of those occasions: i think there was more than one when they were shown. i regret to say that the result on the senior members of the legal profession was such that, until now, the experiment has not been taken any further. that was 20 years ago. i am not sure whether the noble lord, lord pannick, was one of the viewers of that particular programme, but if he was not then it might be quite useful for him and some others who are presently concerned with the matter to see it now. i am perfectly prepared to agree that the lord chief justice should have control of this matter. i suggest that whenever this comes before the lord chief justice, it might be useful were there an opportunity available to see the results of the scottish trial of 20 years ago so that the difficulties—and there are some—might be considered in the formulation of the requirement. one thing that may be important is a question of some control of the editing. as your lordships know, there is considerable control of the editing of the programmes in parliament, and there may need to be something of that kind. it does not require too much imagination to suppose that the editing of sentencing remarks, the way that they are set out and their completeness, could make some difference to the balance with which an observer might view the situation. there is a great deal of detail that requires to be looked at. as i said, this information from 20 years ago—it is not as far back as the 18th century but is still of some relevance—should be available to those considering this matter further. baroness hamwee: my lords, it is very rare indeed that i do not wholly agree with the noble baroness. as for my noble friend, lord lester, i do not even stop to assess whether i agree with him because i know that i should. however, as the noble and learned lord has just mentioned, we in parliament are used to our proceedings being recorded—we barely notice the cameras now—and edited. i am constantly taken aback by the number of people who watch the parliament channel and our proceedings at great length—they must be terrible insomniacs, but they do. it may be that they prefer to watch and listen to a large chunk of a particular matter rather than have the proceedings edited by that very respectable and useful programme, “today in parliament”, or the print media. i support giving that opportunity with regard to the courts. 10 dec 2012 : column 867 i recently attended a sentencing. i was there accompanying somebody who was concerned with the case. waiting for my friend afterwards, i listened to the quite considerable number of print journalists there, writing up their stories. they had been handed a copy of the judge’s sentencing remarks but barely referred to the copy. they checked one or two comments with each other instead of bothering to go back to what they had been given, and i could hear how they were editing the remarks to make a sensational story. i am very happy to rely on the lord chief justice and the judges in particular cases where, as i understand it, the ability to make particular restrictions will still continue. of course, editing—being a camera—is subjective. i have agonised about this quite a lot and i spoke rather in the other direction at the previous stage, but i have come down to believing that this quite cautious move is the right one. judges are less tempted than politicians to make off-the-cuff remarks about major moves forward. i am therefore very happy that the lord chief justice is so much involved. lord beecham: my lords, i understand the points made by my noble friend and by the noble lord, lord lester. this is an innovation in english court procedures and we should approach it with a degree of caution. the case for opening up the judicial system to more public information and understanding is well made, and to that extent i concur with the remarks of the noble lord, lord pannick. i was less happy with the second part of his speech, which addressed the amendments in my name. i endorse what the noble baroness, lady hamwee, has just said about discretion on the part of the trial judge to decide whether or not to permit broadcasting. that ought to be a significant safeguard, but it is not quite good enough to rely just on the lord chief justice. i say “just”; although one has every confidence in the holders of that office, this is, as i say, a new departure and there is a wider interest to be considered. the amendments in my name and that of my noble friend lord rosser try to establish the principles both in relation to any decision to extend court broadcasting and regarding the matters to be considered when a court gives a direction, precisely to meet some of the objections and difficulties envisaged by my noble friend lady kennedy and the noble lord, lord lester. amendment 120b requires any statutory instrument to be subject to the affirmative resolution procedure. i am in slight difficulty here because, when these matters were raised in committee, the noble baroness, lady northover, said that the government amendments would make the provisions under what was then clause 22 and is now clause 23 subject to the affirmative procedure, as recommended by the delegated powers and regulatory reform committee. she also referred to what was then clause 29, which again required amendments to primary legislation to be subject to the affirmative procedure. i may have missed them but i cannot actually see those references in the bill. they may be disguised under some form of words that does not immediately disclose their presence, but i would be grateful if the noble lord, lord ahmad, could confirm that the affirmative procedure would apply so that it would not simply be a matter of a decision by the 10 dec 2012 : column 868 lord chief justice but, if there were to be significant changes, particularly to extend the range of matters that could be broadcast, then the affirmative procedure would apply. if that were the case, we would certainly be content to support the bill in its present form. perhaps, with the assistance of the box, he may be able to help me and, more importantly, your lordships, to come to a conclusion about whether the government’s intentions are currently reflected in the bill. lord ahmad of wimbledon: my lords, it is always interesting to examine such issues. i have listened to the speeches and the arguments, although i was not in your lordships’ house when the arguments were put forward for the televising of parliament. i listened, as i always do, to the noble baroness, lady kennedy, who spoke about words being put into people’s mouths and perhaps being interpreted differently. i suppose that every now and again parliamentarians, and politicians in particular, suffer that consequence, which is well understood. this has been a wide-ranging debate. as we have seen, again there is strong opinion on both sides of the argument. as the noble baroness, lady kennedy, said, her amendment would limit court proceedings to appellate proceedings and, in effect, would require the government to return to parliament before broadening court broadcasting to other types of court proceedings, such as those in the crown court. i am also aware, as my noble friend lord lester of herne hill pointed out, that this amendment was specifically recommended by the joint committee on human rights in its report of the bill. i would, of course, like to thank the joint committee for its report. i am also glad to read that the committee agrees with the government’s objective of making justice as apparent and as publicly accessible as possible. we have heard about 18th century judges, although i am minded not to travel back in history to that extent. however, in 1924, the lord chief justice, viscount hewart, said: “justice should not only be done, but should manifestly and undoubtedly be seen to be done”. i believe that sentiment underlies the government’s view. the noble baroness, lady kennedy, talked about caution. the government recognise that as regards court broadcasting. it is our view that any order made under clause 23 will require, as has been mentioned by various noble lords, the agreement of the lord chief justice. but that is just one lock. it will also require the approval of the lord chancellor and will be subject to scrutiny by both houses of parliament under the affirmative procedure. therefore, court broadcasting will be introduced in a safe and proportionate manner. that is akin to putting not one or two locks on the door but to putting three locks. it will take three people to open that door. however, we can go one step further. we believe that this triple lock, combined with existing reporting restrictions and the additional provision to allow judges to stop the filming and broadcasting of court proceedings to ensure the fairness of proceedings and to prevent any undue prejudice, will ensure that the interests of victims and witnesses, who are most important, as well 10 dec 2012 : column 869 as jurors, defendants and other parties, are fully protected. i hope that this will address the concerns of not only the noble baroness but also the noble lord, lord beecham, in relation to the court’s requirement to consider when to allow or to prevent broadcasting. when the noble baroness, lady kennedy, mentioned that moving cameras changed people’s actions, they certainly changed my action. as she mentioned it, i looked towards the camera and the camera moved. there is some credence and fact behind that statement. the government announced plans in september of last year to allow the broadcasting of judgments and advocates’ arguments in cases before the court of appeal and, over a longer period, to allow broadcasting from the crown court but to limit this to the judge’s sentencing remarks after conclusion of the trial. we believe that this will help to increase the public’s understanding of sentencing, with low risk to the proper administration of justice. let me assure your lordships’ house that we have no plans to extend court broadcasting beyond these two sets of circumstances. we believe that, once parliament has approved the principle of broadcasting selected court proceedings, the details safely can be set out in secondary legislation. i would remind the house that the delegated powers and regulatory reform committee did not take issue with this approach as long as the secondary legislation was subject to the affirmative procedure, which it now is. this means that the lord chancellor may make an order only under this clause which has been approved by both houses. that being the case—i refer in particular to the comments made by the noble lord, lord beecham —amendment 120b is not needed as that ground is covered already by clause 30(4)(f). as with all primary legislation, these provisions will be subject to post-legislative review three to five years after royal assent. 3.45 pm the other amendments tabled by the noble lord, lord beecham, reflect the vital principles of protection for victims and witnesses and the proper administration of justice. i am happy to reiterate the government’s commitment to these principles. furthermore, i believe that the draft order which noble lords have now seen demonstrates how these principles are intended to be upheld. this order would allow filming in the court of appeal of submissions of legal representatives, exchanges in open court between a legal representative and the court and the court giving judgment only. filming of any other individuals or parts of proceedings would remain prohibited by the criminal justice act 1925. the order also provides that the court may suspend or stop filming or prevent broadcast where that would be necessary in the interests of justice. the noble baroness, lady kennedy, and the noble and learned baroness, lady butler-sloss, talked about judges’ security and the noble and learned baroness, lady butler-sloss, mentioned her concern for her dog. parliamentarians, politicians and judges are in the public eye, and people have to face challenges and dangers in public life, but i assure the house that the government will happily look at security in the impact assessment that will be published before the first order is brought forward. 10 dec 2012 : column 870 i hope that this addresses the key principles and concerns, which the government recognise, that are outlined in the amendments tabled by the noble baroness, lady kennedy, and the noble lord, lord beecham. an extension to allow filming of sentencing remarks in the crown court would require a further order, subject to the triple lock procedure that i outlined earlier. given the concerns that have been voiced, the government are happy to publish a detailed impact assessment alongside the first order made under this clause and will continue to engage with victim support groups, members of the judiciary and other interested parties. any order made under this clause is subject to the triple lock. several noble lords mentioned the important role of the lord chief justice. the lord chancellor also has a role, and both houses of parliament must approve the order under the affirmative procedure. i reiterate that, in any case, a judge may impose reporting restrictions and prevent, suspend or stop filming to prevent broadcast, where necessary. i hope these four locks and these assurances will address the concerns of the noble baroness, lady kennedy, and the noble lord, lord beecham. i hope the noble baroness will withdraw her amendment. baroness kennedy of the shaws: i thank the minister for his response. i am not sure that there could be enough locks to satisfy my concerns. superficially, this can be very attractive, and it can be discussed in the context of transparency and accountability, but they can be veneers for something much riskier. the camera is not the same as the human eye. the noble baroness, lady hamwee, described watching as reporters for the print media took no notice of the written transcript of the judge’s sentencing remarks but filleted out the bits that they knew would be sensational. i can assure her that those who edit television programmes will follow exactly that process. the camera cannot capture all that is happening as the human eye can. currently, television reporters, like press reporters, go into the court and listen then come out and report. having been in court and watched what happened, the reporter becomes the witness, just like the print journalist. the human eye is different from the camera. the camera cannot pick up tension, smell fear or catch those minute twitches of the lips or the eyelid that often tell you so much. worst of all, the person behind the camera is editing as he goes. the editor back at the station edits further and the news programme will snip out the choice bits of footage for the headlines. i really warn everyone in this house that new technology will then mean that it will be played and replayed over and over and over again. i am afraid it will not stop with sentencing remarks. it will continue with erosions and demands being made and the judiciary feeling under pressure to comply to not be seen as old-fashioned, 18th century gentlemen. it is easy for people who do not practise in a criminal court to underestimate the power and the effect of this on our justice system. i regret that there is not enough support in this house for my amendment and i therefore feel obliged to withdraw it, but i do so giving a warning about the serious implications of taking cameras into criminal courts and what it will do to our justice system. 10 dec 2012 : column 871 amendment 113 withdrawn. amendments 113za and 113zb not moved. amendment 113a moved by lord pannick 113a: after clause 23, insert the following new clause— “abolition of scandalising the judiciary as form of contempt of court (1) scandalising the judiciary (also referred to as scandalising the court or scandalising judges) is abolished as a form of contempt of court under the common law of england and wales. (2) that abolition does not prevent proceedings for contempt of court being brought against a person for conduct that immediately before that abolition would have constituted both scandalising the judiciary and some other form of contempt of court.” lord pannick: my lords, this amendment seeks to abolish the crime of scandalising the judiciary in england and wales. i am delighted that the minister has added his name to this amendment. the amendment is also signed by the noble lord, lord lester of herne hill, who has played a leading role in arguing for reform of this area of the law. the amendment is also in the names of the noble and learned lord, lord carswell—a former lord chief justice of northern ireland—and the noble lord, lord bew. i can explain the reasons for this amendment very briefly. it is no longer necessary to maintain as part of our law of contempt of court a criminal offence of insulting judges by statements or publications out of court. the judiciary has no need for such protection. as the noble and learned lord, lord carswell, explained in committee, the wise judge—and he, if i may say so, was a very wise judge—normally ignores insults out of court. the noble and learned lord, lord brown of eaton-under-heywood, made a similar point in a case he decided, as he may recollect. judges, of course, are as entitled as anyone else to bring proceedings for libel, and some have done so. the law of scandalising the judiciary could have been left in the moribund state in which it has rested for many years. however, the attorney-general for northern ireland unwisely chose earlier this year to seek to breathe life into it by bringing a prosecution, later dropped, against peter hain mp for some critical comments he had made in his autobiography concerning a northern ireland judge. that prosecution had two main consequences. first, it substantially increased the sales of mr hain’s book and, secondly, it led to this amendment. when we debated this subject in committee on 2 july, the minister gave a cautious welcome to the amendment but said, very properly, that the government wished to consult on the matter. as a result of the debate in this house, the law commission expedited the publication of a consultation paper on 10 august in which it proposed that the offence of scandalising the judiciary should indeed be abolished. i emphasise that the amendment will not affect other aspects of the law of contempt of court and in particular the powers of the judge to deal with any disruptions during court proceedings. i also emphasise that the amendment is not designed to encourage criticism of the judiciary. much of the criticism to 10 dec 2012 : column 872 which judges are subjected is ill informed and unsubstantiated. however, even where criticism is unjustified, it should not be a criminal offence. the amendment will not affect the law in northern ireland or scotland, in the latter of which the offence is known as “murmuring judges”. i understand that in northern ireland more consultation is required. it is ironic that the impetus for this amendment came from the peter hain case in northern ireland, and now the anachronistic law that led to that case is to be abolished in england and wales but not in northern ireland. i hope that the minister can give us an indication of when consultations with northern ireland will be completed and a decision reached. meanwhile, i am delighted by the historic decision which i hope that this house will take tonight to approve an amendment abolishing the offence of scandalising the judiciary in england and wales. as justice albie sachs said on this subject in a judgment in the constitutional court of south africa in 2001, respect for the courts will be all the stronger, “to the degree that it is earned, rather than to the extent that it is commanded”. i beg to move. lord lester of herne hill: my lords— the minister of state, ministry of justice (lord mcnally): my lords, i wonder if my noble friend will give way. i want to intervene now because what i am going to say will help the shape of the debate. i realise that my noble friend and a number of noble and learned lords may wish to contribute. i in no way want to cut short or pre-empt that debate, but i hope that my comments will establish the context for them to comment on what the government intend to do. as the noble lord, lord pannick, told us, we considered a similar amendment to this in committee in july. i said that the government were sympathetic to the concerns raised about the offence of scandalising the judiciary but we wished to consider the issue further and to consult others. in particular, before moving to reform or abolish this offence, we wished to consider whether such a step could result in a gap in the law or have an unwanted side-effect. as the noble lord, lord pannick, told us, in this we had the benefit of the work of the law commission, which was and is currently reviewing the law on contempt of court. as the noble lord said, it kindly brought forward the element of its review considering scandalising the court and published a paper for public consultation in august. the commission considered three options in its consultation paper—to retain, abolish or replace the offence—and it has concluded that the offence should be abolished without replacement. its analysis was in-depth, examining the human rights aspects and considering the arguments for and against the various options. the consultation closed in october, and the commission published a summary of responses last month and a summary of its conclusions yesterday. i was pleased to see that several noble lords responded with their views, and that members of the judiciary and other legal professions were also well represented. of 46 responses, some from organisations, 32 were in 10 dec 2012 : column 873 favour of abolition. the remainder expressed a variety of views, most favouring a replacement offence, but i note that only two favoured retaining the offence in england and wales, at least for now. we have also noted other views, such as those expressed by noble lords in committee, and have concluded that it is right that this offence should be abolished. we therefore support the amendment. however, we also noted the law commission’s observation in its paper that: “it may be necessary to clarify that the abolition of this offence does not affect liability for behaviour in court or conduct that may prejudice or impede particular proceedings”. we support that view that abuse of a judge in the face of the court, or behaviour that otherwise interferes with particular proceedings, should remain a contempt. the new clause includes a provision that will ensure such behaviour will remain subject to proceedings for contempt of court. in contrast to the amendment we debated in committee, which extended to northern ireland, this amendment applies to england and wales only, as the noble lord, lord pannick, explained. in july, i said that we would be consulting the devolved administrations; noble lords must remember the criminal law is a devolved matter in both northern ireland and scotland. scandalising the judiciary is also a common law offence in northern ireland. as i have said, we consulted with the minister of justice, david ford, who has confirmed that he does not wish the westminster parliament to legislate on behalf of the northern ireland assembly on this offence. similarly, the scottish government have also confirmed that they do not wish us to legislate on their similar common law offence of murmuring judges. given that this is a devolved matter in both jurisdictions and under the terms of the sewel convention, we wish to respect the wishes of the scottish government and northern ireland assembly in this matter. i am grateful to my noble friend lord lester and the noble lord, lord pannick, for bringing this matter before the house. the government are happy to support this amendment, and through it the abolition in england and wales of the offence of scandalising the judiciary. i hope that my intervention at the start of the debate does not prevent other noble lords and noble and learned lords from making observations on where we are and where we are going. 4 pm lord lester of herne hill: my lords, i declare a former professional interest in that i acted for the northern ireland human rights commission in the aborted contempt proceedings in relation to peter hain and his publisher. i am extremely grateful to the attorney general for northern ireland for his entirely misguided decision to move for committal because, but for that, i would not be standing here in support of the amendment. we owe everything to the attorney general because it was that which caused me to contact the law commission and the government, and to discuss the matter with my friend, the noble lord, lord pannick, in the first place. 10 dec 2012 : column 874 it is important that the government have decided to do what we have just heard from the minister, and that is most welcome. however, i pay tribute to the previous government, and i see the noble lord, lord bach, in his place when i say this. he will remember that the other antique and archaic speech crimes of sedition, seditious libel, defamatory libel, obscene libel and blasphemous libel were all abolished by the previous government and parliament for similar reasons connected with free speech. so far as blasphemy was concerned, for the reasons given by the minister, it was decided that, although we could abolish that offence in britain, we could not do so in northern ireland. we left it to northern ireland to do so itself, and we thought that it would be easy to do there because northern ireland already had a law on incitement to religious hatred that was rather stricter than what we have in this part of the kingdom. however, nothing has happened on that issue in northern ireland because there is institutional paralysis about doing anything of the kind. i know that this matter has concerned the northern ireland human rights commission, and exactly the same problem arises now. even though the amendment springs from a problem that arose in northern ireland, i am doubtful as to whether the northern ireland government will agree to bring their common law into line with what we are doing in england and wales. however, given that two other supporters of the amendment know far more about northern ireland than i would ever know, i shall not say more about that matter. i should like to make one other point. although abolishing this crime in this country will make very little difference because the law is entirely obsolete, it will make a difference in the rest of the common law world. all the textbooks, including that of the noble lord, lord borrie, say the same thing, which is that, although this is an outmoded and archaic offence, there remain many parts of the common law world where it is enforced. the most notorious example occurred in singapore last year, where mr alan shadrake, who wrote a book criticising the singapore judiciary’s attitude towards the death penalty, was committed for contempt, sentenced to prison, fined and told to pay legal costs. this gentleman, who is about my age and a distinguished senior writer, was condemned in that way, with the singapore court of appeal applying its view on our case law and this offence. by abolishing the offence today we do not really change much in this part of the world because, apart from what happened in northern ireland, it is simply never invoked anymore. however, it will send an important message across the common law world. that is another reason why i am so delighted that the government have decided to take this course. lord carswell: my lords, i support this amendment. i spoke briefly in committee and i intend to be brief again today, particularly in view of the way in which the house has so far received the amendment and what the minister has said. since that debate in committee, the law commission has published this admirable consultation paper, which contains a full and helpful discussion of the issues, the principles and the possible solutions. my view, which 10 dec 2012 : column 875 was very direct and brief in committee, remains unchanged. the special sanction for judges remains unnecessary. my reasons remain the same. judges have to be hardy enough to shrug off criticism, even if it is intemperate or abusive, which has happened; even if it is unfair and ill-informed, which has certainly happened; and even if it is downright deliberately misleading, the same applies. i speak from some knowledge. i have been scandalised on several occasions in the course of criminal trials at which i was the presiding judge without a jury. it was intemperate, certainly ill-informed and extremely offensive. i was deeply offended and hurt, but i certainly did not consider attempting to ask anyone to invoke the special procedure of scandalising the court. if anyone had suggested it, i would have firmly discouraged him at that time, which is a good many years ago now. after i read the law commission consultation paper, i considered quite seriously whether there was room for the possibility of a new and more specific offence, penalising possibly deliberate and malicious targeting of a judge by making untrue and scandalous allegations into something of a campaign. i am persuaded, however, that it is better not to introduce any such offence into the law but simply to leave it at abolishing the offence of scandalising. my reasons are three. first, special protection of judges immediately invites criticism from those who are all too ready to give vent to it. secondly, if a judge had to give evidence in such proceedings, it would create a further and better opportunity for intrusive cross-examination and create a field day for publicity for critics of the judiciary. thirdly, as i have said before, judges have to put up with these things; they have to be robust, firm and, on occasions, hard-skinned enough. the law commission, in my view, was right in its provisional conclusions and i hope that when the report has been considered, the responses will confirm that. i would certainly support the amendment that the offence should simply be abolished. finally, as noble lords have said, this of course does not apply in northern ireland. the authorities there will form their own view and take their own course. i cannot and do not in any way speak for them, nor have they consulted me about such provisions. i have to say, and i hope that they will take this into account, that i cannot see any reason why judges in northern ireland should have any different protection from judges in england and wales against scandalising. i think the same considerations apply, and having been a judge there for 20 years, i would certainly not wish to see any differentiation. lord beecham: my lords, i echo the remarks made by the minister and by other noble lords. we are entirely supportive of the amendment, and glad that the government have agreed to take matters forward in the way that the noble lord indicated. lord mcnally: my lords, i will clarify a point raised by the noble lord, lord pannick. the justice committee in northern ireland recently agreed to proceed with an amendment to its criminal justice bill that would see this offence repealed. i am sure that 10 dec 2012 : column 876 the words uttered by the noble and learned lord, lord carswell, about his own experience will carry great weight. however, this is a devolved matter for northern ireland. lord pannick: i am grateful to all noble lords who spoke. amendment 113a agreed. amendment 113aa moved by baroness linklater of butterstone 113aa: after clause 23, insert the following new clause— “eligibility for assistance (1) an accused person in criminal proceedings is eligible for assistance by virtue of this section if the courts considers that the quality of that person’s participation in and understanding of court proceedings or of the evidence given by that person is likely to be diminished by reason of any circumstances falling within subsection (2). (2) the circumstances falling within this subsection are that the accused person— (a) suffers from mental disorder within the meaning of the mental health act 1983, or (b) otherwise has a significant impairment of intelligence and social functioning. (3) where the court determines that the accused person is eligible for assistance by virtue of this section, the court may then give a direction under this section providing for— (a) assistance of the accused in preparing for court proceedings and in instructing the accused person’s legal representative to be provided by a person approved by the court for the purposes of this section (“an intermediary”), (b) assistance of the accused person in understanding and participating in court proceedings to be provided by the intermediary, and (c) the examination of the accused person to be conducted through the intermediary. (4) the secretary of state may, by regulations, make provision about the recruitment, accreditation, training and appraisal of intermediaries approved by courts under this section.” baroness linklater of butterstone: my lords, the amendment will ensure that, where necessary, vulnerable defendants are provided with the appropriate support to enable effective participation in court proceedings and in preparing for their trial. the aim is that such defendants should be entitled by statute to the same support as vulnerable witnesses, and thus to an equally fair trial. a briefing paper, fair access to justice?, for front-line staff in the criminal justice system and the nhs, explains how those who appear in court as a victim or witness are entitled to extra support or special measures to help them understand and cope with the process. at present, vulnerable defendants do not have the same entitlement and get that support only at the discretion of the court, despite the fact that high numbers are vulnerable. the amendment would restore a balance and ensure even-handedness in court proceedings for any vulnerable person, whether they are a victim or a defendant. the special measures are intended to reduce the stress of the court appearance for the vulnerable individual or witness so that he or she can give the best evidence. hitherto, these measures applied only to vulnerable witnesses and specifically not to defendants. 10 dec 2012 : column 877 support is provided for witnesses by qualified intermediaries who are registered, accredited and trained to help vulnerable and other witnesses in court proceedings after the most stringent selection, quality assurance, regulation and monitoring procedures. the aim is to facilitate vulnerable witnesses with two-way communication in court between them and other participants so that their communication is as complete, accurate and coherent as possible. however, while the arrangements are available to witnesses, they are specifically not available for defendants except at the discretion of the court, and even then the intermediaries appointed to support them do not have to be either registered or regulated, and are paid different fees. it is possible to have an unregistered intermediary assisting a defendant while a witness in the same trial has a fully registered one who is paid more than his counterpart who represents the defendant. this is an entirely unfair and unjust arrangement that favours a witness over a defendant, irrespective of the guilt or innocence of the vulnerable parties. the current reality is that a high number of defendants going through the courts need particular support to help them cope and understand what is going on. if they do not have this help, it can affect their ability to participate in court proceedings and compromise their right to a fair trial. there is some help for vulnerable defendants giving oral evidence only, but they are not helped during trial proceedings to participate effectively, instruct counsel or prepare for a trial. 4.15 pm more than 60% of children who offend have communication difficulties, 5% of adults have learning difficulties and high numbers have mental health problems. clearly their ability to communicate is significantly compromised, especially in the context of a courtroom. many have difficulty expressing themselves, understanding certain words and in verbal comprehension. in fact, one study showed that more than one-fifth did not understand what was happening to them, what was going on, or even why they were in court at all or what they had done wrong. generally those with a low iq and learning difficulties are likely not to understand certain words during their arrest and trial, and may find it harder to remember things, and be more suggestible or answer questions with what they think the lawyer wants to hear. the answer would seem to be that vulnerable witnesses and vulnerable defendants should be treated even-handedly. both should have properly registered intermediaries to help prepare them according to their need. whoever is to be responsible for making appropriate arrangements should be clarified or decided, specifying the particular roles of those involved in the court proceedings. special measures and adjustments according to personal need and to give guidance to the judiciary and staff should be part of the new liaison and diversion services. finally, the use of these measures and other reasonable adjustments should be monitored, reviewed and reported for the national liaison and diversion development network and an integral part of the forthcoming policy. indeed, there should be one register of intermediaries 10 dec 2012 : column 878 for all vulnerable people in the criminal justice system, subject to all the same standards. procedures for all liaison and diversion services in the criminal justice system should provide the courts with all relevant information regarding impairment and support needs, including when an appropriate adult has been called to a vulnerable adult or 17-year old at a police station. this seems an obvious anomaly; it risks leading to serious injustice, which is quite unacceptable. the model exists for help for witnesses thus disabled, so the solution would appear to be simply to apply it to defendants with similar disabilities for justice to be done. discrimination is hard enough at the best of times when you are disabled. at the worst of times, for the courts to be found to be inadvertently discriminating against a defendant because of his or her disability—and who is innocent until proved guilty—through a failure to understand the nature of the disability, is clearly unacceptable. mercifully, it would appear relatively easy to put right. i urge the minister, at this late stage in the bill, to ensure that the necessary changes are made to the current situation so that justice can indeed be done and be seen to be done. i beg to move. lord beecham: my lords, i hope the minister can give a positive reply to the noble baroness. she has made a powerful case in connection with a particularly vulnerable group for whom existing services are perhaps not adequate. i do not know whether the minister will be inclined to accept the amendment at this stage or whether he will at least be prepared to take it back for consideration before—or rather at—third reading. i think that that would satisfy the noble baroness and most members of your lordships’ house and i hope he feels able to take that course. lord woolf: i also urge the minister to do what has just been urged by the noble lord, lord beecham. it is the judge’s most important duty to ensure the fairness of the trial. however, the problem identified by the noble baroness, lady linklater, is one that the judge simply cannot tackle himself. there needs to be hands-on assistance of the sort she indicates. therefore, for the same reason, i ask the minister to give careful consideration to this. lord mcnally: my lords, as the noble and learned lord, lord woolf, has just told us, it is the duty of the courts to ensure that defendants receive a fair trial. it therefore may be necessary to make particular efforts in the case of defendants whose understanding is limited. to some extent it will fall to the defendant’s legal adviser, or to the judge, to help meet the needs of these vulnerable defendants. from time to time courts have asserted the right to grant such defendants the assistance of an intermediary. statutory provision has in fact already been made in section 104 of the coroners and justice act 2009 for certain vulnerable defendants to be eligible for assistance from an intermediary when giving evidence. a defendant would benefit from this provision where their ability to participate effectively in the proceedings as a witness is compromised by a significant impairment of intelligence and social functioning; or where they are suffering from a mental disorder within the meaning of the mental health act 1983. 10 dec 2012 : column 879 the government made a decision to defer implementation of section 104 until full consideration could be given to the practical arrangements and resource implications. although there are no immediate plans to implement these provisions, we are continuing to monitor the situation and the resource implications of doing so. however, as i said earlier, judges have on occasion granted the use of an intermediary to assist vulnerable defendants to ensure a fair trial. in fact, guidance on the process for appointing intermediaries for defendants was issued nationally to all courts last year. furthermore, part 3.30 of the consolidated criminal practice direction also provides guidance on a range of other types of support that a court may wish to offer, including that at the beginning of the proceedings the court should ensure that what is to take place has been explained to a vulnerable defendant in terms they can understand. secondly, a trial should be conducted according to a timetable which takes full account of a vulnerable defendant’s ability to concentrate. frequent and regular breaks will often be appropriate. i have listened to what my noble friend said and to the interventions of the noble and learned lord, lord woolf, and of the noble lord, lord beecham. i do not want to raise expectations as i am not sure whether i can get clearance to take this forward at third reading. however, i assure my noble friend that, as i have said, we are continuing to monitor the situation and are looking at the practical arrangements and resource implications of bringing in section 104. i certainly agree to take this measure away. if i cannot bring it back at third reading, i will write to the noble and learned lord, the noble lord and my noble friend to explain why i cannot do so and what we are doing to keep this matter under review. i hope that, with those assurances, my noble friend will agree to withdraw her amendment. baroness linklater of butterstone: my lords, i am heartily grateful to the noble and learned lord and the noble lord who have supported what i had to say. that support, coming from two such distinguished sources, means a very great deal to me. i hope that the government will also pay heed to it. i heard what my noble friend the minister said. it is moderately cold comfort. there is none the less the possibility of further recognition of what remains quite a major injustice that is built into our system. in the mean time, i beg leave to withdraw the amendment. amendment 113aa withdrawn. amendment 113b had been retabled as amendment 108za. amendment 113c moved by lord mcnally 113c: before clause 24, insert the following new clause— “self-defence “self-defence use of force in self-defence at place of residence (1) section 76 of the criminal justice and immigration act 2008 (use of reasonable force for purposes of self-defence etc) is amended as follows. 10 dec 2012 : column 880 (2) before subsection (6) (force not regarded as reasonable if it was disproportionate) insert— “(5a) in a householder case, the degree of force used by d is not to be regarded as having been reasonable in the circumstances as d believed them to be if it was grossly disproportionate in those circumstances.” (3) in subsection (6) at the beginning insert “in a case other than a householder case,”. (4) after subsection (8) insert— “(8a) for the purposes of this section “a householder case” is a case where— (a) the defence concerned is the common law defence of self-defence, (b) the force concerned is force used by d while in or partly in a building, or part of a building, that is a dwelling or is forces accommodation (or is both), (c) d is not a trespasser at the time the force is used, and (d) at that time d believed v to be in, or entering, the building or part as a trespasser. (8b) where— (a) a part of a building is a dwelling where d dwells, (b) another part of the building is a place of work for d or another person who dwells in the first part, and (c) that other part is internally accessible from the first part, that other part, and any internal means of access between the two parts, are each treated for the purposes of subsection (8a) as a part of a building that is a dwelling. (8c) where— (a) a part of a building is forces accommodation that is living or sleeping accommodation for d, (b) another part of the building is a place of work for d or another person for whom the first part is living or sleeping accommodation, and (c) that other part is internally accessible from the first part, that other part, and any internal means of access between the two parts, are each treated for the purposes of subsection (8a) as a part of a building that is forces accommodation. (8d) subsections (4) and (5) apply for the purposes of subsection (8a)(d) as they apply for the purposes of subsection (3). (8e) the fact that a person derives title from a trespasser, or has the permission of a trespasser, does not prevent the person from being a trespasser for the purposes of subsection (8a). (8f) in subsections (8a) to (8c)— “building” includes a vehicle or vessel, and “forces accommodation” means service living accommodation for the purposes of part 3 of the armed forces act 2006 by virtue of section 96(1)(a) or (b) of that act.” (5) in subsection (9) (section intended to be clarificatory) after “this section” insert “, except so far as making different provision for householder cases,”. (6) an amendment made by this section does not apply in respect of force used before the amendment comes into force.” lord mcnally: my lords, i was going to say that these were technical amendments, but i am advised that they are not. it would be terrifying to be confronted by a burglar in your own home. mercifully, it does not occur very often, but when such a situation arises most people would say that the law should be on the side of the householder. after all, they are the ones who may have been woken up in the dead of night, made to fear for their safety or the safety of their loved ones and compelled to use force to protect themselves in traumatic 10 dec 2012 : column 881 circumstances. if householders end up being arrested, prosecuted or convicted after injuring a burglar, this can give rise to a public perception that the criminal justice system does not support the real victims in all of this. these amendments are designed to shift the balance of the law further in favour of householders to ensure that they are treated first and foremost as the victims of crime. the current law, as clarified in section 76 of the criminal justice and immigration act 2008, already says that people can protect themselves or others, prevent crime or protect property using force that was reasonable in the circumstances as they believed them to be. however, it also says that the use of force which was disproportionate in the circumstances will never be reasonable. this means that a householder who has acted honestly and instinctively to protect himself or his loved ones from an intruder could end up being prosecuted if his actions are deemed to have been disproportionate when viewed in the cold light of day. the government feel strongly that householders, acting in extreme circumstances to protect themselves or others, cannot be expected to weigh up exactly how much force is necessary to repel an intruder. there may be a fine line between actions that are proportionate in the circumstances and those which might be regarded as disproportionate. the government think householders should be given the benefit of any doubt and that section 76 of the 2008 act should be amended accordingly. as long as householders have done only what they believed was reasonable in the circumstances, it should not matter if those actions were disproportionate when viewed with the benefit of hindsight. i am aware of criticisms that these changes will amount to a vigilantes’ charter; the government do not accept that argument. all we are saying is that if householders act in fear for their safety or the safety of others and in the heat of the moment use force which is reasonable in the circumstances but seems disproportionate when viewed in the cold light of day, they should not be treated as criminals. force which was completely over the top—grossly disproportionate, in other words— will still not be permitted. this is not about saying that it is open season on any intruder. it is rather saying that the law will look benevolently upon any householder who, faced in his own home with the terror of someone he believes to be a trespasser, acts in a way that is reasonable in the circumstances as he believed them to be, even if the force used was disproportionate. noble lords will note that the amendments are limited to householders defending themselves or others from intruders in their dwellings. the government believe that attacks by intruders in the home cause the greatest public concern. our home is our haven and refuge—a place where we have every right to feel safe. that is why the government believe that householders deserve special protection. however, the provision also extends to shopkeepers who live and work in the same premises and armed forces personnel who may live and work in buildings such as barracks for a period of time. 10 dec 2012 : column 882 we recognise that there are a range of other circumstances in which people might be required to use force—for example, to defend themselves from attack on the street, to intervene to stop crimes being committed or to protect their property. the new provision does not extend to those situations, but the current law on the use of reasonable force will continue to apply in those circumstances. i recognise that some noble lords might have a feeling of déjà vu as we debate these measures. we are returning to an area of the law that has been debated twice in recent years. while previous bills clarified important aspects of the law on the use of force, the current proposals would make material changes to strengthen the rights of householders when defending themselves or others from intruders. critics have said the changes are unnecessary because the current law provides adequate protection and householders who have defended themselves from burglars are hardly ever prosecuted. clearly the government take a very different view. each case is different. although the crown prosecution service decided not to prosecute householders involved in recent cases, such as those in leicestershire and manchester, there might be occasions in the future where law-abiding householders benefit from these important provisions. i beg to move. 4.30 pm lord beecham: my lords, burglary is a serious crime— lord woolf: my lords— lord mcnally: does the noble lord not want to speak at the end? lord beecham: no, i want to speak now if that is all right. thank you. burglary is a serious crime and a particularly distressing one. the forced invasion of one’s home adds a further dimension to the effect on its occupiers. i suspect several members of the house will have shared my experience, at least in part. my home—which, incidentally, was built by the father of the noble and learned lord, lord woolf, to whom i apologise for anticipating in this debate, for reasons that i shall give later—has been burgled and my office has also been burgled once. fortunately, little damage was done; even more fortunately, no one was present at the time. where the householder or other occupant is present, the impact of the crime transcends distress and, too often, becomes traumatic. i say at once that we welcome the extension of the present law to non-residential premises, such as those of shopkeepers, to which the minister has referred. however, in relation to domestic premises, while absolutely affirming the right of residents to defend themselves and their property, we have doubts about the government’s proposals. the amendments have been spatchcocked into the bill at virtually the last minute, almost, it would seem, as an initiation rite performed by the new lord chancellor. unlike the proposals on community sentencing, we have not had the opportunity of a general debate under the recommittal procedure. i propose therefore to treat the debate on these amendments as, in effect, a second reading debate, which is why i sought to speak now rather than later. 10 dec 2012 : column 883 burglary is an offence against the person as well as against property, because a break-in destroys the victim’s peace of mind by violating the safe haven of their home. the householder is not in a position to exercise calm, cool judgment. the householder is e

ə ˈmɪstəri nɔɪz, wɪʧ həz bɪn dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ˈdraɪvɪŋ wən ˈfæməli ““demented”*” ɪz biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ɪn. ðə nɔɪz wɑz fərst ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ðə ˈboʊfərt ˈɛriə, wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈvɪlɪʤ ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd frəm, ˈnɪrli ə jɪr əˈgoʊ. naʊ koʊ ˈkɛri ˈmaɪkəl ɪz ˈæskɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt fər ɪts hɛlp ɪn ˈfaɪndɪŋ aʊt ðə sɔrs əv ðə nɔɪz. hi həz pʊt tu ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri kˈwɛsʧənz tɪ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈmɪnɪstər fɪl ˈhoʊˌgɑn, ɔn 7 ənd 14 mɑrʧ əv ðɪs jɪr, ənd hɪz moʊst ˈrisənt kˈwɛʃən ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ðə nɔɪz həz bɪn əˈkərɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɛriə əv loʊər, ɪn ˈboʊfərt, sɪns ˈeɪprəl ˈdɛpjəti steɪts ðət sɪns ðə nɔɪz ˈkænɑt bi ˈmɛʒərd ər kəmˈpleɪnd əˈbaʊt tɪ ðə ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrəti wi ər ənˈʃʊr wət ɪz ˈkɔzɪŋ it”*”, hi ɪz ˈæskɪŋ ˈwɛðər ðɛr ɪz ə fəˈsɪlɪti wɪˈθɪn ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ðət kən ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðə ˈmætər ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈrɛzɪdənts. hi toʊld ðət hi ɪz ˈkɔlɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈmɪnɪstər tɪ aʊt ˈpipəl tɪ traɪ ənd kəm tɪ ðə ˈbɑtəm əv it”*” ənd faɪnd aʊt wət ɪz ˈkɔzɪŋ ðə nɔɪz. hi sɛd ənd ˈəðər ˈɛkspərts kʊd bi sɛnt tɪ ˈboʊfərt, ənd ɪt wʊd nɑt kɔst ə lɔt əv ˈməni. ˈdɛpjəti sɛd ðət ˈpipəl wər biɪŋ dɪsˈrəptɪd baɪ ðə ənˈjuˌʒuəl ənd ˈvɛri annoying”*” nɔɪz ənd ðət wən ˈfæməli ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr wər demented”*” baɪ ɪt. hi kˈwɛsʧənd ˈwɛðər hɪz ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri kˈwɛʃən hæd bɪn rɛd ˈprɑpərli, ɛz hi ˈklɪrli ˈsteɪtɪd ɪn ɪt ðət ðə kɔz əv ðə nɔɪz wɑz nɑt noʊn. ðə ˈædɪd ðət hi hæd əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ˈɛnər ðə kˈwɛʃən ə θərd taɪm tɪ ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ ðɪs, bət ɪt wɑz ˌdɪsəˈlaʊd ɛz ðə dimd ɪt ə rɪˈpit əv ə ˈpriviəs kˈwɛʃən. æm ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ˌgɑbəldiˈgʊk hir, sɛd ˈdɛpjəti. ˈmɪnɪstər ˈhoʊˌgɑn sɛd ðət nɔɪz kəmˈpleɪnts ər ə ˈmætər fər ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrətiz, ənd ðət hɪz dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈrisəntli ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ˈkɛri ˈkaʊnti ˈkaʊnsəl tɪ ɪnkˈwaɪər ˈwɛðər ə kəmˈpleɪnt hæd bɪn rɪˈsivd əˈbaʊt ðə nɔɪz ˈnusəns. hi sɛd ðət ðə ˈkaʊnsəl rɪˈsivd ə kəmˈpleɪnt səˈʤɛstɪŋ ə ˈwɔtər ˈtritmənt plænt wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl ɪt wɑz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ənd ɪt wɑz dɪˈskəvərd ɪt ˈkɔzɪŋ ðə nɔɪz. hi həz ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ˈpipəl əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðə nɔɪz tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈsərvɪsɪz dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪn ˈkɛri ˈkaʊnti ˈkaʊnsəl ɔn 066 7162000 ər baɪ iˈmeɪlɪŋ environ@kerrycoco.ie*. ˈboʊfərt ˈrɛzɪdənt ˈbɛri lɪnʧ spoʊk ɪn ə ˈvɪdioʊ ɔn ˈjuˌtub əˈbaʊt ðə həm, ənd sɛd ðət ɪt ɪz ˈnoʊtəsəbəl æt səm taɪmz mɔr ðən ˈəðərz. hi sɪz hi ɪz nɑt seɪɪŋ ɪt ɪz ˌsupərˈnæʧərəl, ənd ɪt kʊd bi ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈɑbviəs ɪn ðə nɪr vicinity”*”. hi sɛd ˈpipəl ɛz fɑr ɛz əˈweɪ hæd hərd ðə nɔɪz ɛz wɛl. (ˈvɪdioʊ ˈviə camerahide*) hæv ju hərd ðə ˈmɪstəri həm? ˈboʊfərt ðə fərst taʊn tɪ hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst streɪnʤ saʊnz ðeɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ˈrəʃə, ənd nu ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ. ðoʊ kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz əˈbaʊnd əˈbaʊt ɪts kɔz, ðɛr ɪz stɪl noʊ ˈænsər ɛz tɪ wət ər wɛr ðə streɪnʤ ˈnɔɪzɪz ər ˈɛməˌneɪtɪŋ frəm.

a mystery noise, which has been described as driving one family “demented” is being investigated in killarney. the noise was first reported in the beaufort area, which is a village located 15km from killarney, nearly a year ago. now co kerry td michael healy-rae is asking the government for its help in finding out the source of the noise. he has put two parliamentary questions to environment minister phil hogan, on 7 and 14 march of this year, and his most recent question pointed out that the “mystery noise has been occurring in the area of glencuttane lower, in beaufort, killarney since april 2011″. deputy healy-rae states that since the noise cannot be measured or complained about to the local authority “as we are unsure what is causing it”, he is asking whether there is a facility within the department of the environment that can investigate the matter on behalf of the local residents. he told thejournal.ie that he is calling on the minister to “send out people to try and come to the bottom of it” and find out what is causing the noise. he said audiologists and other experts could be sent to beaufort, and it would not cost a lot of money. deputy healy-rae said that people were being disrupted by the “very unusual and very annoying” noise and that one family in particular were “driven demented” by it. he questioned whether his parliamentary question had been read properly, as he clearly stated in it that the cause of the noise was not known. the td added that he had attempted to enter the question a third time to clarify this, but it was disallowed as the ceann comhairle deemed it a repeat of a previous question. “i am dealing with gobbledygook here, ” said deputy healy-rae. minister hogan said that noise complaints are a matter for local authorities, and that his department recently contacted kerry county council to enquire whether a complaint had been received about the noise nuisance. he said that the council received a complaint suggesting a water treatment plant was responsible - it was investigated and it was discovered it wasn’t causing the noise. he has invited people affected by the noise to contact the environment services department in kerry county council on (066) 7162000 or by emailing environ@kerrycoco.ie. beaufort resident barry lynch spoke in a video on youtube about the hum, and said that it is noticeable at some times more than others. he says he is not saying it is supernatural, and it could be something “very obvious in the near vicinity”. he said people as far as 25km away had heard the noise as well. (video via camerahide) have you heard the mystery hum? beaufort isn’t the first town to have experienced strange sounds they have also been reported in england , russia, and new mexico. though conspiracy theories abound about its cause, there is still no answer as to what or where the strange noises are emanating from.

ɪn ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈfoʊˌklɔr, ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ər ˈnɛsi ɪz ə ˈkriʧər sɛd tɪ ˌɪnˈhæbət lɑk nɛs ɪn ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈhaɪləndz. ɪt ɪz ˈɔfən dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz lɑrʤ ɪn saɪz wɪθ ə lɔŋ nɛk ənd wən ər mɔr proʊˈtrudɪŋ frəm ðə ˈwɔtər. ˈpɑpjələr ˈɪntəˌrɛst ənd bɪˈlif ɪn ðə ˈkriʧər həz ˈvɛrid sɪns ɪt wɑz brɔt tɪ ˈwərldˈwaɪd əˈtɛnʃən ɪn 1933 ˈɛvədəns əv ɪts ɪgˈzɪstəns ɪz ˌænɪkˈdoʊtəl, wɪθ ə fju dɪˈspjutɪd ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs ənd ˈsoʊnɑr ˈridɪŋz. ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk kəmˈjunɪti rɪˈgɑrdz ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ɛz ə fəˈnɑməˌnɑn wɪˈθaʊt ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈbeɪsɪs, ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ˈsaɪtɪŋz ɛz ˈhoʊksɪz, ˈwɪʃfəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ənd ðə ˌmɪsaɪˌdɛnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən əv mənˈdeɪn neɪm ðə ˈkriʧər həz bɪn əˈfɛkʃənətli kɔld nessie[a*] (ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈgeɪlɪk: sɪns ðə ˈɔrəʤɪnz ðə wərd "ˈmɑnstər" wɑz rɪˈpɔrtədli əˈplaɪd fər ðə fərst taɪm tɪ ðə ˈkriʧər ɔn 2 meɪ 1933 baɪ ˈæləks ˈkæmbəl, ˈwɔtər ˈbeɪlɪf fər lɑk nɛs ənd ə ˈpɑrtˈtaɪm ˈʤərnəlɪst, ɪn ən ˈɪnvərˌnɛs ˈkəriər ɔn 4 ˈɔgəst 1933 ðə ˈkəriər ˈpəblɪʃt ə rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ˈləndənər ʤɔrʤ ˈspaɪsər ðət ˈsɛvərəl wiks ˈərliər, waɪl ðeɪ wər ˈdraɪvɪŋ əraʊnd ðə lɑk, hi ənd hɪz waɪf sɔ "ðə ˈnɪrəst əˈproʊʧ tɪ ə ˈdrægən ər ˈænəməl ðət aɪ hæv ˈɛvər sin ɪn maɪ laɪf" əˈkrɔs ðə roʊd təˈwɔrd ðə lɑk wɪθ "ən ˈænəməl" ɪn ɪts ˈlɛtərz bɪˈgæn əˈpɪrɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkəriər, ˈɔfən əˈnɑnəməsli, ˈkleɪmɪŋ lænd ər ˈwɔtər ˈsaɪtɪŋz baɪ ðə ˈraɪtər, ðɛr ˈfæməli ər əkˈweɪntənsɪz ər rɪˈmɛmbərd ðə əˈkaʊnts riʧt ðə ˈmidiə, wɪʧ dɪˈskraɪbd ə "ˈmɑnstər fɪʃ", "si ˈsərpənt", ər ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈsɛtəld ɔn "lɑk nɛs ɔn 6 dɪˈsɛmbər 1933 ðə fərst pərˈpɔrtɪd ˈfoʊtəˌgræf əv ðə ˈmɑnstər, ˈteɪkən baɪ ju greɪ, wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈdeɪli ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt fər ˈskɑtlənd sun ˈɔrdərd pəˈlis tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈɛni əˈtæks ɔn ɪn 1934 ˈɪntəˌrɛst wɑz ˈfərðər pikt baɪ ðə "ˈsərʤənz ˈfoʊtəˌgræf". ðət jɪr, ɑr. ti. guld ˈpəblɪʃt ən əv ðə ˈɔθərz ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ənd ə ˈrɛkərd əv rɪˈpɔrts 1933 ˈəðər ˈɔθərz hæv kleɪmd ˈsaɪtɪŋz əv ðə ˈmɑnstər ˈdeɪtɪŋ tɪ ðə sɪksθ ˈsɛnʧəri æd. ˈhɪstəri seɪnt ˌkoʊˈləmbə 565 ðə ˈərliəst rɪˈpɔrt əv ə ˈmɑnstər ɪn ðə vɪˈsɪnɪti əv lɑk nɛs əˈpɪrz ɪn ðə laɪf əv st*. ˌkoʊˈləmbə baɪ, ˈrɪtən ɪn ðə sɪksθ ˈsɛnʧəri əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ˈraɪtɪŋ əˈbaʊt ə ˈsɛnʧəri ˈæftər ðə ɪˈvɛnts dɪˈskraɪbd, ˈaɪrɪʃ məŋk seɪnt ˌkoʊˈləmbə wɑz steɪɪŋ ɪn ðə lænd əv ðə pɪkts wɪθ hɪz kəmˈpænjənz wɪn hi ɪnˈkaʊnərd ˈloʊkəl ˈrɛzɪdənts ˈbɛriɪŋ ə mæn baɪ ðə ˈrɪvər nɛs. ðeɪ ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ðə mæn wɑz sˈwɪmɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈrɪvər wɪn hi wɑz əˈtækt baɪ ə "ˈwɔtər bist" wɪʧ mɔld ɪm ənd drægd ɪm ˈəndərˌwɔtər. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðeɪ traɪd tɪ ˈrɛskju ɪm ɪn ə boʊt, hi wɑz dɛd. ˌkoʊˈləmbə sɛnt ə ˈfɑloʊər, mɪn, tɪ swɪm əˈkrɔs ðə ˈrɪvər. ðə bist əˈproʊʧt ɪm, bət ˌkoʊˈləmbə meɪd ðə saɪn əv ðə krɔs ənd sɛd: "goʊ noʊ ˈfərðər. du nɑt təʧ ðə mæn. goʊ bæk æt ðə ˈkriʧər stɑpt ɛz ɪf ɪt hæd bɪn "pʊld bæk wɪθ roʊps" ənd flɛd, ənd mɛn ənd ðə pɪkts geɪv θæŋks fər wət ðeɪ pərˈsivd ɛz ə bɪˈlivərz ɪn ðə ˈmɑnstər pɔɪnt tɪ ðɪs ˈstɔri, sɛt ɪn ðə ˈrɪvər nɛs ˈrəðər ðən ðə lɑk ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ɛz ˈɛvədəns fər ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns ɛz ˈərli ɛz ðə sɪksθ kˈwɛʃən ðə riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ˈstɔriz wər ɪkˈstrimli ˈkɑmən ɪn mɪˈdjivəl ənd teɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli riˈsaɪkəlz ə ˈkɑmən moʊˈtif əˈtæʧt tɪ ə ˈloʊkəl əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ˈstɔri meɪ bi ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əv ðə ˈmɑdərn lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ˈlɛʤənd ənd bɪˈkeɪm əˈtæʧt tɪ ɪt baɪ bɪˈlivərz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ˈboʊlstər ðɛr ˈrɑnəld bɪnz kənˈsɪdərz ðət ðɪs ɪz ðə moʊst ˈsɪriəs əv ˈvɛriəs əˈlɛʤd ˈərli ˈsaɪtɪŋz əv ðə ˈmɑnstər, bət ɔl ˈəðər kleɪmd ˈsaɪtɪŋz ˌbiˈfɔr 1933 ər ˈdubiəs ənd du nɑt pruv ə ˈmɑnstər trəˈdɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr ðət ˈkrɪstəfər ˈjuzɪz ə spɪˈsɪfɪk hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ənd ˈkəlʧərəl æˈnælɪsɪs əv tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt st*. ˌkoʊˈləmbə frəm ðə ˈmɑdərn mɪθ əv ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər, bət faɪndz ən ˈərliər ənd ˈkəlʧərəˌli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt juz əv ˈsɛltɪk beast”*” ˈfoʊˌklɔr əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ. ɪn duɪŋ soʊ hi ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈskrɛdəts ˈɛni strɔŋ kəˈnɛkʃən bɪtˈwin ər ənd ðə ˈmɑdərn ““media-augmented”*” kriˈeɪʃən əv ðə lɑk nɛs di. məˈkɛnzi 1871 ər 1872 ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 1871 (ər 1872 di. məˈkɛnzi əv rɪˈpɔrtədli sɔ ən ˈɑbʤɛkt rɪˈzɛmbəlɪŋ ə lɔg ər ən boʊt ənd ˈʧərnɪŋ əp ðə ˈwɔtər". ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt muvd sˈloʊli æt fərst, ˌdɪsəˈpɪrɪŋ æt ə ˈfæstər məˈkɛnzi sɛnt hɪz ˈstɔri ɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈrupərt guld ɪn 1934 ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ˈpɑpjələr ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðə ˈmɑnstər ʤɔrʤ ˈspaɪsər 1933 ˈmɑdərn ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðə ˈmɑnstər wɑz spɑrkt baɪ ə ˈsaɪtɪŋ ɔn 22 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1933 wɪn ʤɔrʤ ˈspaɪsər ənd hɪz waɪf sɔ "ə moʊst ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri fɔrm əv ˈænəməl" krɔs ðə roʊd ɪn frənt əv ðɛr ðeɪ dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˈkriʧər ɛz ˈhævɪŋ ə lɑrʤ ˈbɑdi (əˈbaʊt 4 fit ɛm) haɪ ənd 25 fit 8 ɛm) lɔŋ) ənd ə lɔŋ, ˈweɪvi, ˈnɛroʊ nɛk, sˈlaɪtli ˈθɪkər ðən ən ˈɛləfənts trəŋk ənd ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə ɛm) wɪdθ əv ðə roʊd. ðeɪ sɔ noʊ ɪt lərʧt əˈkrɔs ðə roʊd təˈwɔrdz ðə lɑk 20 jɑrdz 20 ɛm) əˈweɪ, ˈlivɪŋ ə treɪl əv ˈbroʊkən ˈəndərˌgroʊθ ɪn ɪts ɪt həz bɪn kleɪmd ðət ˈsaɪtɪŋz əv ðə ˈmɑnstər ˌɪnˈkrist ˈæftər ə roʊd wɑz bɪlt əˈlɔŋ ðə lɑk ɪn ˈərli 1933 ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˈwərkərz ənd ˈtʊrɪsts tɪ ðə ˌhaʊˈɛvər, bɪnz həz dɪˈskraɪbd ðɪs ɛz "ðə mɪθ əv ðə ˈloʊnli lɑk", ɛz ɪt wɑz fɑr frəm ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ðɛn, du tɪ ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv ðə ˌkælɪˈdoʊniən kəˈnæl. ɪn ðə 1930s*, ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ roʊd baɪ ðə saɪd əv ðə lɑk wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ə ˈsɪriəs ˈəpˈgreɪd (ʤɪst ˈpɑsəbli ðɪs wərk kʊd hæv kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðə ˈlɛʤənd, sɪns ðɛr kʊd hæv bɪn tɑr ˈbɛrəlz ˈfloʊtɪŋ ɪn ðə ju greɪ 1933 ju greɪz ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ˈteɪkən nɪr ɔn 12 noʊˈvɛmbər 1933 wɑz ðə fərst ˈfoʊtəˌgræf əˈlɛʤd tɪ dɪˈpɪkt ðə ˈmɑnstər. ɪt wɑz sˈlaɪtli blərd, ənd ɪt həz bɪn ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ɪf wən lʊks ˈkloʊsli ðə hɛd əv ə dɔg kən bi sin. greɪ hæd ˈteɪkən hɪz ˈlæbrəˌdɔr fər ə wɔk ðət deɪ, ənd ɪt ɪz səˈspɛktɪd ðət ðə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf dɪˈpɪkts hɪz dɔg ˈfɛʧɪŋ ə stɪk frəm ðə ˈəðərz hæv səˈʤɛstɪd ðə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf dɪˈpɪkts ən ˈɑtər ər ə swɔn. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈnɛgətɪv wɑz lɔst. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn 1963 ˈmɑrɪs ˈbərtən keɪm ˈɪntu "pəˈzɛʃən əv tu ˈlæntərn slaɪdz, ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈpɑzətɪvz frəm th[e*] ərˈɪʤənəl ˈnɛgətɪv" ənd wɪn prɑˈʤɛktəd ɔn skrin ɪt rɪˈvild ən "ˈɑtər ˈroʊlɪŋ æt ðə ˈsərfəs ɪn ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪk ˈɑrθər grænt 1934 skɛʧ əv ðə ˈɑrθər grænt ˈsaɪtɪŋ. ɔn 5 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1934 ə ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪklɪst, ˈɑrθər grænt, kleɪmd tɪ hæv ˈnɪrli hɪt ðə ˈkriʧər waɪl əˈproʊʧɪŋ (nɪr ðə ɛnd əv ðə lɑk) æt əˈbaʊt 1 a.m*. ɔn ə ˈmunˌlɪt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ grænt, ɪt hæd ə smɔl hɛd əˈtæʧt tɪ ə lɔŋ nɛk; ðə ˈkriʧər sɔ ɪm, ənd krɔst ðə roʊd bæk tɪ ðə lɑk. grænt, ə ˈvɛtrəˌnɛri ˈstudənt, dɪˈskraɪbd ɪt ɛz ə krɔs bɪtˈwin ə sil ənd ə. hi sɛd hi ənd ˈfɑloʊd ɪt tɪ ðə lɑk, bət ˈoʊnli sɔ grænt prəˈdust ə skɛʧ əv ðə ˈkriʧər wɪʧ wɑz ɪgˈzæmənd baɪ zoʊˈɑləʤəst ˈmɑrɪs ˈbərtən, hu ˈsteɪtɪd ɪt wɑz kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðə əˈpɪrəns ənd bɪˈheɪvjər əv ən rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə lɔŋ saɪz əv ðə ˈkriʧər ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ grænt; ɪt həz bɪn səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðɪs wɑz ə ˈfɔlti ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən du tɪ ðə pur laɪt ˈdɑrən nɑɪʃ həz səˈʤɛstɪd ðət grænt meɪ hæv sin ˈiðər ən ˈɑtər ər ə sil ənd ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪd hɪz ˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈoʊvər "ˈsərʤənz ˈfoʊtəˌgræf" 1934 ðə "ˈsərʤənz ˈfoʊtəˌgræf" ɪz rɪˈpɔrtədli ðə fərst ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ðə hɛd ənd səˈpoʊzədli ˈteɪkən baɪ ˈrɑbərt ˈkɛnɪθ ˈwɪlsən, ə ˈləndən gynaecologist*, ɪt wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈdeɪli meɪl ɔn 21 ˈeɪprəl ˈwɪlsənz rɪfˈjuzəl tɪ hæv hɪz neɪm əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ɪt lɛd tɪ ɪt biɪŋ noʊn ɛz ðə "ˈsərʤənz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈwɪlsən, hi wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə lɑk wɪn hi sɔ ðə ˈmɑnstər, græbd hɪz ˈkæmərə ənd snæpt fɔr ˈfoʊˌtoʊz. ˈoʊnli tu ɪkˈspoʊʒərz keɪm aʊt ˈklɪrli; ðə fərst rɪˈpɔrtədli ʃoʊz ə smɔl hɛd ənd bæk, ənd ðə ˈsɛkənd ʃoʊz ə ˈsɪmələr hɛd ɪn ə ˈdaɪvɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən. ðə fərst ˈfoʊˌtoʊ bɪˈkeɪm ˈwɛlˈnoʊn, ənd ðə ˈsɛkənd əˈtræktəd ˈlɪtəl pəˈblɪsɪti bɪˈkəz əv ɪts blurriness*. ˌɔlˈðoʊ fər ə ˈnəmbər əv jɪrz ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ wɑz kənˈsɪdərd ˈɛvədəns əv ðə ˈmɑnstər, dɪsˈmɪst ɪt ɛz ən ən ˈɑtər, ər ə bərd. ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz skeɪl wɑz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl; ɪt ɪz ˈɔfən ʃoʊn krɑpt (ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈkriʧər sim lɑrʤ ənd ðə ˈrɪpəlz laɪk weɪvz), waɪl ðə ʃɑt ʃoʊz ðə ˈəðər ɛnd əv ðə lɑk ənd ðə ˈmɑnstər ɪn ðə ˈsɛntər. ðə ˈrɪpəlz ɪn ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ wər faʊnd tɪ fɪt ðə saɪz ənd ˈpætərn əv smɔl ˈrɪpəlz, ənˈlaɪk lɑrʤ weɪvz ˈfoʊtəˌgræft əp kloʊz. æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɪmɪʤ ˈfɑstərd ˈfərðər daʊt. ɪn 1993 ðə ˈmeɪkərz əv ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri lɑk nɛs dɪˈskəvərd ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ənd faʊnd ə waɪt ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈvɪzəbəl ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ (ˌɪmˈplaɪɪŋ ðət ɪt wɑz ɔn ðə ˈnɛgətɪv). ɪt wɑz bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ðə kɔz əv ðə ˈrɪpəlz, ɛz ɪf ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt wɑz biɪŋ toʊd, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ə ˈblɛmɪʃ ɔn ðə ˈnɛgətɪv kʊd nɑt bi ruld aʊt. ən æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə fʊl ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt wɑz smɔl, əˈbaʊt 60 tɪ 90 2 tɪ 3 ft*) sɪns 1994 moʊst əˈgri ðət ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ wɑz ən ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ɪt hæd bɪn əˈkjuzd əv biɪŋ ə feɪk ɪn ə 7 dɪˈsɛmbər 1975 ˈsənˌdi ˈtɛləˌgræf ˈɑrtɪkəl wɪʧ fɛl ˈɪntu ˈditeɪlz əv haʊ ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ wɑz ˈteɪkən wər ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə 1999 bʊk, ˈnɛsi ðə ˈsərʤənz ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ɪkˈspoʊzd, wɪʧ kənˈteɪnz ə fækˈsɪməli əv ðə 1975 ˈsənˌdi ˈtɛləˌgræf ðə ˈkriʧər wɑz rɪˈpɔrtədli ə tɔɪ ˌsəbmərˈin bɪlt baɪ ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈspərlɪŋ, ðə ˈsənɪnˌlɔ əv ˈmɑrməˌduk ˈwɛθərəl. ˈwɛθərəl hæd bɪn ˈpəblɪkli ˈrɪdəˌkjuld baɪ hɪz ɪmˈplɔɪər, ðə ˈdeɪli meɪl, ˈæftər hi faʊnd "ˈnɛsi ˈfʊtˌprɪnts" wɪʧ tərnd aʊt tɪ bi ə hoʊks. tɪ gɪt riˈvɛnʤ ɔn ðə meɪl, ˈwɛθərəl ˈpərpəˌtreɪtɪd hɪz hoʊks wɪθ ˈspərlɪŋ (ˈskəlpʧər ˈspɛʃəlɪst), ˈiən ˈwɛθərəl (hɪz sən, hu bɔt ðə məˈtɪriəl fər ðə feɪk), ənd ˈmɑrɪs ˈʧeɪmbərz (ən ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ðə tɔɪ ˌsəbmərˈin wɑz bɔt frəm ɛf. ˈdəbəlju. woolworths*, ənd ɪts hɛd ənd nɛk wər meɪd frəm wʊd ˈpəti. ˈæftər ˈtɛstɪŋ ɪt ɪn ə ˈloʊkəl pɑnd ðə grup wɛnt tɪ lɑk nɛs, wɛr ˈiən ˈwɛθərəl tʊk ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz nɪr ðə ti haʊs. wɪn ðeɪ hərd ə ˈwɔtər ˈbeɪlɪf əˈproʊʧɪŋ, duk ˈwɛθərəl sæŋk ðə ˈmɑdəl wɪθ hɪz fʊt ənd ɪt ɪz "prɪˈzuməbli stɪl ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn lɑk ˈʧeɪmbərz geɪv ðə ˌfoʊtəˈgræfɪk pleɪts tɪ ˈwɪlsən, ə frɛnd əv hɪz hu ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd "ə gʊd ˈpræktɪkəl ʤoʊk". ˈwɪlsən brɔt ðə pleɪts tɪ ogston's*, ən ˈɪnvərˌnɛs ˈkɛmɪst, ənd geɪv ðɛm tɪ ʤɔrʤ ˈmɔrɪsən fər dɪˈvɛləpmənt. hi soʊld ðə fərst ˈfoʊˌtoʊ tɪ ðə ˈdeɪli hu ðɛn əˈnaʊnst ðət ðə ˈmɑnstər hæd bɪn ˈlɪtəl ɪz noʊn əv ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ; ɪt ɪz ˈɔfən ˌɪgˈnɔrd baɪ ˈrisərʧərz, hu bɪˈliv ɪts kˈwɑləti tu pur ənd ɪts ˈdɪfərənsɪz frəm ðə fərst ˈfoʊˌtoʊ tu greɪt tɪ ˈwɔrənt æˈnælɪsɪs. ɪt ʃoʊz ə hɛd ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə fərst ˈfoʊˌtoʊ, wɪθ ə mɔr ˈtərbjələnt weɪv ˈpætərn ənd ˈpɑsəbli ˈteɪkən æt ə ˈdɪfərənt taɪm ənd loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪn ðə lɑk. səm bɪˈliv ɪt tɪ bi ən ˈərliər, əˈtɛmpt æt ə ənd ˈəðərz (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ rɔɪ ənd ˈmɑrɪs ˈbərtən) kənˈsɪdər ɪt ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ə ˈdaɪvɪŋ bərd ər ˈɑtər wɪʧ ˈwɪlsən mɪˈstʊk fər ðə əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmɔrɪsən, wɪn ðə pleɪts wər dɪˈvɛləpt ˈwɪlsən wɑz əˈnɪntrəstəd ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ; hi əˈlaʊd ˈmɔrɪsən tɪ kip ðə ˈnɛgətɪv, ənd ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ wɑz ridɪˈskəvərd jɪrz wɪn æst əˈbaʊt ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ ðə nɛs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsərvɪs ˈnuzˌlɛtər, ˈspərlɪŋ wɑz veɪg, θɔt ɪt maɪt hæv bɪn ə pis əv wʊd ðeɪ wər traɪɪŋ aʊt ɛz ə ˈmɑnstər, bət [wɑz] nɑt ˈteɪlər fɪlm 1938 ɔn 29 meɪ 1938 saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈtʊrɪst ʤi. i. ˈteɪlər fɪlmd ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn ðə lɑk fər θri ˈmɪnəts ɔn 16 ˈkələr fɪlm. ðə fɪlm wɑz əbˈteɪnd baɪ ˈpɑpjələr saɪəns ˈraɪtər ˈmɑrɪs ˈbərtən, hu dɪd nɑt ʃoʊ ɪt tɪ ˈəðər ˈrisərʧərz. ə ˈsɪŋgəl freɪm wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn hɪz 1961 bʊk, ðə ɪˈlusɪv ˈmɑnstər. hɪz æˈnælɪsɪs kənˈkludɪd ɪt wɑz ə ˈfloʊtɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkt, nɑt ən ˈwɪljəm ˈfreɪzər 1938 ɔn 15 ˈɔgəst 1938 ˈwɪljəm ˈfreɪzər, ʧif ˈkɑnstəbəl əv inverness-shire*, roʊt ə ˈlɛtər ðət ðə ˈmɑnstər ɪgˈzɪstəd bɪɔnd daʊt ənd ɪkˈsprɛst kənˈsərn əˈbaʊt ə ˈhəntɪŋ ˈpɑrti wɪʧ hæd əraɪvd (wɪθ ə hɑrˈpun gən) dɪˈtərmənd tɪ kæʧ ðə ˈmɑnstər "dɛd ər əˈlaɪv". hi bɪˈlivd hɪz paʊər tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈmɑnstər frəm ðə ˈhəntərz wɑz "ˈvɛri ˈdaʊtfəl". ðə ˈlɛtər wɑz riˈlist baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɑrˌkaɪvz əv ˈskɑtlənd ɔn 27 ˈeɪprəl ˈsoʊnɑr ˈridɪŋz 1954 ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 1954 ˈsoʊnɑr ˈridɪŋz wər ˈteɪkən baɪ ðə ˈfɪʃɪŋ boʊt ˈraɪvəl iii*. ɪts kru ˈnoʊtɪd ə lɑrʤ ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈkipɪŋ peɪs wɪθ ðə ˈvɛsəl æt ə dɛpθ əv 146 ˈmitərz 479 ft*). ɪt wɑz dɪˈtɛktɪd fər 800 ɛm ft*) ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkɑnˌtækt wɑz lɔst ənd ˈpriviəs ˈsoʊnɑr əˈtɛmpts wər ˌɪnkənˈklusɪv ər ˈnɛgətɪv. ˈpitər məkˈnæb 1955 ˈpitər məkˈnæb æt ˈərˌkɑrt ˈkæsəl ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 29 1955 tʊk ə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ðət dɪˈpɪktɪd tu lɔŋ blæk ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər. ðə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf wɑz nɑt meɪd ˈpəblɪk ənˈtɪl ɪt əˈpɪrd ɪn ˈkɑnstəns 1957 bʊk ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. ɔn 23 ɑkˈtoʊbər 1958 ɪt wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ðə ˈwikli ˈskɑtsmən. ˈɔθər ˈrɑnəld bɪnz roʊt ðət ðə "fəˈnɑməˌnɑn wɪʧ məkˈnæb ˈfoʊtəˌgræft kʊd ˈizəli bi ə weɪv ˈifɛkt rɪˈzəltɪŋ frəm θri ˈtrɔlərz ˈtrævəlɪŋ ˈkloʊsli təˈgɛðər əp ðə ˈəðər ˈrisərʧərz kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ə rɔɪ rɪkˈwɛstɪd tɪ juz ðə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ɪn hɪz 1976 bʊk. hi rɪˈsivd ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈnɛgətɪv frəm məkˈnæb, bət dɪˈskəvərd ɪt ˈdɪfərd frəm ðə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ðət əˈpɪrd ɪn bʊk. ðə tri æt ðə ˈbɑtəm lɛft ɪn wɑz ˈmɪsɪŋ frəm ðə ˈnɛgətɪv. ɪt ɪz səˈspɛktɪd ðət ðə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf wɑz ˈdɑktərd baɪ ə ˈdɪnzˌdeɪl fɪlm 1960 ˌɛrəˈnɑtəkəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr tɪm ˈdɪnzˌdeɪl fɪlmd ə həmp wɪʧ lɛft ə weɪk ˈkrɔsɪŋ lɑk nɛs ɪn ˈdɪnzˌdeɪl, hu rɪˈpɔrtədli hæd ðə ˈsaɪtɪŋ ɔn hɪz ˈfaɪnəl deɪ əv sərʧ, dɪˈskraɪbd ɪt ɛz ˈrɛdɪʃ wɪθ ə blɑtʧ ɔn ɪts saɪd. hi sɛd ðət wɪn hi ˈmaʊnɪd hɪz ˈkæmərə ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt bɪˈgæn tɪ muv, ənd hi ʃɑt 40 fit əv fɪlm. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ jaric*, ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt wɑz "ˈprɑbəˌbli sɔrs ˈnidɪd] ˈəðərz wər, seɪɪŋ ðət ðə "həmp" ˈkænɑt bi ruld aʊt ɛz biɪŋ ə ənd wɪn ðə ˈkɑntræst ɪz ˌɪnˈkrist, ə mæn ɪn ə boʊt kən bi ɪn 1993 ˌdɪˈskəvri kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz prəˈdust ə ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri, lɑk nɛs dɪˈskəvərd, wɪθ ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ɛnˈhænsmənt əv ðə ˈdɪnzˌdeɪl fɪlm. ə ˈpərsən hu ɛnˈhænst ðə fɪlm ˈnoʊtɪst ə ˈʃæˌdoʊ ɪn ðə ˈnɛgətɪv wɪʧ wɑz nɑt ˈɑbviəs ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpt fɪlm. baɪ ɛnˈhænsɪŋ ənd freɪmz, hi faʊnd wət əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ðə rɪr ˈbɑdi əv ə ˈkriʧər ˈəndərˌwɔtər: "ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ sɔ ðə fɪlm, aɪ θɔt ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər wɑz ə loʊd əv ˈrəbɪʃ. ˈhævɪŋ dən ðə ɛnˈhænsmənt, əm nɑt soʊ "lɑk nɛs ˈməpət" 1977 ɔn 21 meɪ 1977 ˈænθɔˌni "dɑk" ʃilz, ˈkæmpɪŋ nɛkst tɪ ˈərˌkɑrt ˈkæsəl, tʊk "səm əv ðə ˈklɪrɪst ˈpɪkʧərz əv ðə ˈmɑnstər ənˈtɪl ðɪs ˈnidɪd] ʃilz, ə məˈʤɪʃən ənd ˈsaɪkɪk, kleɪmd tɪ hæv ˈsəmənd ðə ˈænəməl aʊt əv ðə ˈwɔtər. hi ˈleɪtər dɪˈskraɪbd ɪt ɛz ən "ˈɛləfənt skwɪd", ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðə lɔŋ nɛk ʃoʊn ɪn ðə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ðə "trəŋk" ənd ðət ə waɪt spɑt æt ðə beɪs əv ðə nɛk ɪz ɪts aɪ. du tɪ ðə læk əv ˈrɪpəlz, ɪt həz bɪn dɪˈklɛrd ə hoʊks baɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl ənd rɪˈsivd ɪts neɪm bɪˈkəz əv ɪts steɪʤd hoʊmz ˈvɪdioʊ 2007 ɔn 26 meɪ 2007 ˈlæbrəˌtɔri tɛkˈnɪʃən ˈgɔrdən hoʊmz ˈvɪdioʊˈteɪpt wət hi sɛd wɑz "ðɪs ʤɛt blæk θɪŋ, əˈbaʊt 14 ˈmitərz 46 ft*) lɔŋ, ˈmuvɪŋ ˈfɛrli fæst ɪn ðə ˈeɪdriən ʃaɪn, ə mərˈin baɪˈɑləʤɪst æt ðə lɑk nɛs 2000 ˈsɛntər ɪn drumnadrochit*, dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˈfʊtɪʤ ɛz əˈməŋ "ðə bɛst ˈfʊtɪʤ [hi hæd] ˈɛvər ˌbibiˈsi ˈskɑtlənd ˈbrɔdˌkæst ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ɔn 29 meɪ nuz nɔrθ təˈnaɪt ɛrd ðə ˈfʊtɪʤ ɔn 28 meɪ 2007 ənd ˈɪntərvˌjud hoʊmz. ʃaɪn wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪntərvˌjud, ənd səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə ˈfʊtɪʤ wɑz ən ˈɑtər, sil ər ˈwɔtər ˈsoʊnɑr ˈɪmɪʤ 2011 ɔn 24 ˈɔgəst 2011 lɑk nɛs boʊt ˈkæptən ˈmɑrkəs ˈætkɪnsən ˈfoʊtəˌgræft ə ˈsoʊnɑr ˈɪmɪʤ əv ə ft*), ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈɑbʤɛkt wɪʧ simd tɪ ˈfɑloʊ hɪz boʊt fər tu ˈmɪnəts æt ə dɛpθ əv 23 ɛm 75 ft*), ənd ruld aʊt ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ə smɔl fɪʃ ər sil. ɪn ˈeɪprəl 2012 ə ˈsaɪəntɪst frəm ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌoʊʃəˈnɑgrəfi ˈsɛntər sɛd ðət ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ɪz ə blum əv ˈælʤi ənd ʤɔrʤ ˈɛdwərdz ˈfoʊtəˌgræf 2011 ɔn 3 ˈɔgəst 2012 ˈskɪpər ʤɔrʤ ˈɛdwərdz kleɪmd ðət ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ hi tʊk ɔn 2 noʊˈvɛmbər 2011 ʃoʊz "ˈnɛsi". ˈɛdwərdz kleɪmz tɪ hæv sərʧt fər ðə ˈmɑnstər fər 26 jɪrz, ənd rɪˈpɔrtədli spɛnt 60 aʊərz pər wik ɔn ðə lɑk əˈbɔrd hɪz boʊt, ˈnɛsi ˈhəntər iv*, ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈtʊrɪsts fər raɪdz ɔn ðə ˈɛdwərdz sɛd, "ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən, ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli lʊks kaɪnd əv laɪk ə ˈmænəˌti, bət nɑt ə ˈmæməl. wɪn ˈpipəl si θri, ðɛr ˈprɑbəˌbli ʤɪst siɪŋ θri ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈəðər ˈrisərʧərz hæv kˈwɛsʧənd ðə ˌɔθənˈtɪsɪti, ənd lɑk nɛs ˈrisərʧər stiv səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər ɪz ə həmp juzd ɪn ə ˈnæʃənəl ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˈʧænəl ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri ɪn wɪʧ ˈɛdwərdz hæd ˈrisərʧər dɪk ˈreɪnər həz kˈwɛsʧənd ˈɛdwərdz' kleɪm əv dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ə ˈdipər ˈbɑtəm əv lɑk nɛs, wɪʧ ˈreɪnər kɔlz "ˈɛdwərdz dip". hi faʊnd ˌɪŋˈkɑnsɪˌstɛnsiz bɪtˈwin ˈɛdwərdz' kleɪmz fər ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd kənˈdɪʃənz əv ðə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ənd ðə ˈækʧəwəl loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈwɛðər kənˈdɪʃənz ðət deɪ. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈreɪnər, ˈɛdwərdz toʊld ɪm hi hæd feɪkt ə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ɪn 1986 wɪʧ hi kleɪmd wɑz ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ɪn ðə næt ˈʤioʊ ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈɛdwərdz ədˈmɪtəd ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2013 ðət hɪz 2011 ˈfoʊtəˌgræf wɑz ə hi ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ðə 1986 ˈfoʊtəˌgræf wɑz ˈdeɪvɪd ˈɛldər ˈvɪdioʊ 2013 ɔn 27 ˈɔgəst 2013 ˈtʊrɪst ˈdeɪvɪd ˈɛldər pərˈzɛnəd ə ˈvɪdioʊ əv ə "mɪˈstɪriəs weɪv" ɪn ðə lɑk. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈɛldər, ðə weɪv wɑz prəˈdust baɪ ə ɛm 15 ft*) "ˈsɑləd blæk ˈɑbʤɛkt" ʤɪst ˈəndər ðə ˈsərfəs əv ðə ˈɛldər, 50 frəm ist ˈkɪlˌbraɪd, saʊθ lanarkshire*, wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ə swɔn æt ðə fɔrt əˈgəstəs pɪr ɔn ðə ɛnd əv ðə wɪn hi ˈkæpʧərd ðə hi sɛd, "ðə ˈwɔtər wɑz ˈvɛri stɪl æt ðə taɪm ənd ðɛr wər noʊ ˈrɪpəlz ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf ðə weɪv ənd noʊ ˈəðər ækˈtɪvɪti ɔn ðə səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə weɪv meɪ hæv bɪn kɔzd baɪ ə wɪnd ˈæpəl mæps ˈfoʊtəˌgræf 2014 ɔn 19 ˈeɪprəl 2014 ɪt wɑz ðət ə ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤ ɔn ˈæpəl mæps ʃoʊd wət əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ə lɑrʤ ˈkriʧər (θɔt baɪ səm tɪ bi ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər) ʤɪst bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈsərfəs əv lɑk nɛs. æt ðə fɑr nɔrθ, ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əˈpɪrd əˈbaʊt 30 ˈmitərz 98 ft*) lɔŋ. ˈpɑsəbəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃənz wər ðə weɪk əv ə boʊt (wɪθ ðə boʊt ˌɪtˈsɛlf lɔst ɪn ˈɪmɪʤ ˈstɪʧɪŋ ər loʊ ˈkɑntræst), ˈrɪpəlz, ər ˈfloʊtɪŋ ˈgugəl strit vju 2015 ˈgugəl kəˈmɛmərˌeɪtɪd ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv ðə "ˈsərʤənz ˈfoʊtəˌgræf" wɪθ ə ˈgugəl ənd ˈædɪd ə nu ˈfiʧər tɪ ˈgugəl strit vju wɪθ wɪʧ ˈjuzərz kən ɪkˈsplɔr ðə lɑk əˈbəv ənd bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈgugəl rɪˈpɔrtədli spɛnt ə wik æt lɑk nɛs kəˈlɛktɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤri wɪθ ə "trekker*" ˈkæmərə, əˈtæʧɪŋ ɪt tɪ ə boʊt tɪ ˈfoʊtəˌgræf əˈbəv ðə ˈsərfəs ənd kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈkætlɪn ˈsərˌveɪ tɪ ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ˈsərʧɪz ˈɛdwərd ˈmaʊntən ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən 1934 lɑk nɛs, ˌriˈpɔrtəd hoʊm əv ðə ˈmɑnstər ˈæftər ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈrupərt guldz ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ənd ˈɛdwərd ˈmaʊntən ˈfaɪˌnænst ə sərʧ. tˈwɛnti mɛn wɪθ bəˈnɑkjələrz ənd ˈkæmərəz pəˈzɪʃənd ðɛmˈsɛlvz əraʊnd ðə lɑk frəm 9 æm tɪ 6 piɛm fər faɪv wiks, bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ɔn 13 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1934 ˌɔlˈðoʊ 21 ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs wər ˈteɪkən, nən wɑz kənˈsɪdərd kənˈklusɪv. ˈsupərˌvaɪzər ʤeɪmz ˈfreɪzər rɪˈmeɪnd baɪ ðə lɑk ˈfɪlmɪŋ ɔn 15 sɛpˈtɛmbər 1934 ðə fɪlm ɪz naʊ zoʊˈɑləʤəsts ənd prəˈfɛsərz əv ˈnæʧərəl ˈhɪstəri kənˈkludɪd ðət ðə fɪlm ʃoʊd ə sil, ˈpɑsəbli ə greɪ lɑk nɛs fəˈnɑmənə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈbjʊroʊ ðə lɑk nɛs fəˈnɑmənə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈbjʊroʊ (lnpib*) wɑz ə soʊˈsaɪɪti fɔrmd ɪn 1962 baɪ ˈnɔrmən ˈkɑlɪnz, ɑr. ɛs. ɑr. ˈfɪtər, ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən ˈdeɪvɪd ʤeɪmz, ˈpitər skɑt ənd ˈkɑnstəns "tɪ ˈstədi lɑk nɛs tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə ˈkriʧər noʊn ɛz ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ər dɪˈtərmən ðə ˈkɔzɪz əv rɪˈpɔrts əv ðə soʊˈsaɪɪtiz neɪm wɑz ˈleɪtər ˈʃɔrtənd tɪ ðə lɑk nɛs ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈbjʊroʊ (lnib*), ənd ɪt dɪsˈbændɪd ɪn 1972 ðə hæd ən ˈænjuəl səbˈskrɪpʃən ʧɑrʤ, wɪʧ ˈkəvərd ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ɪts meɪn ækˈtɪvɪti wɑz ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ grups əv ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz tɪ wɔʧ ðə lɑk frəm ˈvæntɪʤ pɔɪnts wɪθ fɪlm ˈkæmərəz wɪθ ˌtɛləˈskɔpɪk ˈlɛnzɪz. frəm 1965 tɪ 1972 ɪt hæd ə ˈkɛrəˌvæn kæmp ənd vjuɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrm æt achnahannet*, ənd sɛnt əbˈzərvərz tɪ ˈəðər loʊˈkeɪʃənz əp ənd daʊn ðə əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈbjʊroʊz 1969 ˈænjuəl ɪt hæd ˈmɛmbərz, əv hum 588 wər frəm ðə uk*. ˈsoʊnɑr ˈstədi di. ˈgɔrdən ˈtəkər, ʧɛr əv ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ənd ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm, ˌvɑlənˈtɪrd hɪz ˈsərvɪsɪz ɛz ə ˈsoʊnɑr dɪˈvɛləpər ənd ˈɛkspərt æt lɑk nɛs ɪn hɪz ˈʤɛsʧər, pɑrt əv ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈɛfərt lɛd baɪ ðə frəm 1967 tɪ 1968 ˌɪnˈvɑlvd kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz ənd prəˈfɛʃənəlz ɪn ə ˈnəmbər əv fildz. ˈtəkər hæd ˈʧoʊzən lɑk nɛs ɛz ðə tɛst saɪt fər ə ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp ˈsoʊnɑr trænsˈdusər wɪθ ə ˈmæksəməm reɪnʤ əv 800 ɛm ft*). ðə dɪˈvaɪs wɑz fɪkst ˈəndərˌwɔtər æt ˈtɛmpəl pɪr ɪn ˈərˌkɑrt beɪ ənd dɪˈrɛktɪd æt ðə ˈɑpəzɪt ʃɔr, drɔɪŋ ən əˈkustɪk "nɛt" əˈkrɔs ðə lɑk θru wɪʧ noʊ ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkt kʊd pæs ˌəndɪˈtɛktɪd. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə traɪəl ɪn ˈɔgəst, ˈməltəpəl ˈtɑrgəts wər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd. wən wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli ə əv fɪʃ, bət ˈəðərz muvd ɪn ə weɪ nɑt ˈtɪpɪkəl əv ʃoʊlz æt spidz əp tɪ 10 ˈrɑbərt raɪnz ˈstədiz 1972 1975 2001 2008 ɪn 1972 ə grup əv ˈrisərʧərz frəm ðə əˈkædəmi əv əˈplaɪd saɪəns lɛd baɪ ˈrɑbərt eɪʧ. raɪnz kənˈdəktəd ə sərʧ fər ðə ˈmɑnstər ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈsoʊnɑr ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv ðə lɑk dɛpθs fər ənˈjuˌʒuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. raɪnz tʊk priˈkɔʃənz tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈmərki ˈwɔtər wɪθ ˈfloʊtɪŋ wʊd ənd ˈnidɪd] ə səbˈmərsɪbəl ˈkæmərə wɪθ ə ˈfləˌdlaɪt wɑz dɪˈplɔɪd tɪ ˈrɛkərd ˈɪmɪʤɪz bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈsərfəs. ɪf raɪnz dɪˈtɛktɪd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsoʊnɑr, hi tərnd ðə laɪt ɔn ənd tʊk ˈpɪkʧərz. ɔn 8 ˈɔgəst, raɪnz' ˈreɪθiɑn ˈsoʊnɑr ˈjunɪt, ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ æt ə ˈfrikwənsi əv 200 ənd ˈæŋkərd æt ə dɛpθ əv 11 ˈmitərz 36 ft*), aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ə ˈmuvɪŋ ˈtərgət (ər ˈtɑrgəts) ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd baɪ ˈɛkoʊ strɛŋθ æt 6 tɪ 9 ˈmitərz 20 tɪ 30 ft*) ɪn lɛŋθ. ˈspɛʃəlɪsts frəm ˈreɪθiɑn, (naʊ ˈkɔŋzbərg ˈmærəˌtaɪm), hydroacoustics*, ˈmɑrti klaɪn əv ˈɛˈmaɪˈti ənd klaɪn əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts (ə ˈsoʊnɑr prəˈdusər) ənd ˌaɪˌɑˈreɪ daɪər əv dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈoʊʃən ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ wər ɔn hænd tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ˈdætə. pi. əv ˈreɪθiɑn səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə ˈdætə ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ə 10 ft*) prəˈtubərəns prɑˈʤɛktɪŋ frəm wən əv ðə ˈɛkoʊz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈɔθər rɔɪ, ðə ʃeɪp wɑz ə "ˈhaɪli ˈflɛksəbəl ˈflætənd teɪl" ər ðə mɪsɪnˈtərprətɪd rɪˈtərn frəm tu ˈænəməlz sˈwɪmɪŋ kənˈkərənt wɪθ ðə ˈsoʊnɑr ˈridɪŋz, ðə ˈkæmərə əbˈteɪnd ə pɛr əv ˈəndərˌwɔtər ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs. boʊθ dɪˈpɪktɪd wət əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ə ˈflɪpər, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hæv dɪsˈmɪst ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz ɛz ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə lɑk, ɛr ˈbəbəlz, ə rɑk, ər ə fɪʃ fɪn. ðə əˈpɛrənt ˈflɪpər wɑz ˈfoʊtəˌgræft ɪn ˈdɪfərənt pəˈzɪʃənz, ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪŋ ðə fərst ˈflɪpər ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɪz ðən ðə ˈsɛkənd, ənd boʊθ wər ɛnˈhænst ənd frəm ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈnɛgətɪvz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ tim ˈmɛmbər ˈʧɑrəlz ˈwɪkɔf, ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz wər tɪ ˌsupərəmˈpoʊz ðə ˈflɪpər; ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ɛnˈhænsmənt ʃoʊd ə kənˈsɪdərəbli ˈɑbʤɛkt. noʊ wən ɪz ʃʊr haʊ ðə ərˈɪʤənəlz wər ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈnæʧərələst ˈpitər skɑt əˈnaʊnst ɪn 1975 ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðə ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs, ðət ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk neɪm wʊd bi (grik fər "nɛs ˌɪnˈhæbɪtənt wɪθ skɑt ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd ðət ðə neɪm wʊd ɪˈneɪbəl ðə ˈkriʧər tɪ bi ˈædɪd tɪ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈrɛʤɪstər əv prəˈtɛktɪd ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf. ˈskɑtɪʃ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən ˈnɪkələs ˈfɛrbərn kɔld ðə neɪm ən ˈænəˌgræm fər "ˈmɑnstər hoʊks baɪ sər ˈpitər əˈnəðər ˈsoʊnɑr ˈkɑnˌtækt wɑz meɪd, ðɪs taɪm wɪθ tu ˈɑbʤɛkts ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd tɪ bi əˈbaʊt 9 ˈmitərz 30 ft*). ðə stroʊb ˈkæmərə ˈfoʊtəˌgræft tu lɑrʤ, waɪt, ˈləmpi ˈɑbʤɛkts sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ə ˈfləri əv ˈbəbəlz. səm ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ðə ˈɑbʤɛkts ɛz tu ˈænəməlz, səˈʤɛstɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl lɑrʤ ˈænəməlz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn lɑk nɛs. ðɪs ˈfoʊtəˌgræf həz ˈrɛrli bɪn ˈnidɪd] ɪn 2001 raɪnz' əˈkædəmi əv əˈplaɪd saɪəns ˈvɪdioʊˈteɪpt ə weɪk trəˈvərsɪŋ stɪl ˈwɔtər ɔn ə kɑm deɪ. ðə əˈkædəmi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈvɪdioʊˈteɪpt ən ˈɑbʤɛkt ɔn ðə flɔr əv ðə lɑk rɪˈzɛmbəlɪŋ ə ˈkɑrkəs ənd faʊnd mərˈin ənd ə ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəm nɑt ˈnɔrməli faʊnd ɪn ˈfrɛʃˌwɔtər lochs*, ə səˈʤɛstɪd kəˈnɛkʃən tɪ ðə si ənd ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈɛntri fər ðə ɪn 2008 raɪnz ðət ðə ˈkriʧər meɪ hæv bɪˈkəm ɪkˈstɪŋkt, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ðə læk əv sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈsoʊnɑr ˈridɪŋz ənd ə dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ˈaɪˈwɪtnəs əˈkaʊnts. hi ˌəndərˈtʊk ə ˈfaɪnəl ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən, ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsoʊnɑr ənd ən ˈəndərˌwɔtər ˈkæmərə ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ faɪnd ə ˈkɑrkəs. raɪnz bɪˈlivd ðət ðə ˈænəməlz meɪ hæv feɪld tɪ əˈdæpt tɪ ˈtɛmpərəʧər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz rɪˈzəltɪŋ frəm ˈgloʊbəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən 1987 ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən wɑz kənˈdəktəd ɪn tˈwɛntiˌfɔr boʊts ɪkˈwɪpt wɪθ ɪkˈwɪpmənt wər dɪˈplɔɪd əˈkrɔs ðə wɪdθ əv ðə lɑk, ənd ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli sɛnt əˈkustɪk weɪvz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˌbibiˈsi nuz ðə ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæd meɪd ˈsoʊnɑr ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ən ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈɑbʤɛkt əv ənˈjuˌʒuəl saɪz ənd ðə ˈrisərʧərz rɪˈtərnd, ðə ˈɛriə. æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz simd tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt dəˈbri æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə lɑk, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr wɑz ˈmoʊʃən ɪn θri əv ðə ˈpɪkʧərz. ˈeɪdriən ʃaɪn ˈspɛkjəˌleɪtɪd, beɪst ɔn saɪz, ðət ðeɪ maɪt bi silz wɪʧ hæd ˈɛnərd ðə ˈsoʊnɑr ˈɛkspərt ˈdɛrəl ˈlɔrəns, ˈfaʊndər əv ˈlɔrəns ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks, ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈjunɪts juzd ɪn ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən. ˈæftər ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ə ˈsoʊnɑr rɪˈtərn ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪŋ ə lɑrʤ, ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkt æt ə dɛpθ əv 180 ˈmitərz 590 ft*) nɪr ˈərˌkɑrt beɪ, ˈlɔrəns sɛd: "ðɛrz ˈsəmθɪŋ hir ðət wi doʊnt ˌəndərˈstænd, ənd ðɛrz ˈsəmθɪŋ hir ðæts ˈlɑrʤər ðən ə fɪʃ, ˈmeɪbi səm ˈspiʃiz ðət ˈhæzənt bɪn dɪˈtɛktɪd ˌbiˈfɔr. aɪ doʊnt ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər 2003 ɪn 2003 ðə ˌbibiˈsi ˈspɑnsərd ə sərʧ əv ðə lɑk ˈjuzɪŋ 600 ˈsoʊnɑr bimz ənd ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈtrækɪŋ. ðə sərʧ hæd səˈfɪʃənt ˌrɛzəˈluʃən tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ə smɔl bui. noʊ ˈænəməl əv səbˈstænʃəl saɪz wɑz faʊnd ənd, dɪˈspaɪt ðɛr haɪ hoʊps, ðə ˈsaɪəntɪsts ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ədˈmɪtəd ðət ðɪs pruvd ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər wɑz ə mɪθ. ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ɛrd ɔn ˌbibiˈsi ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ˈsərˌveɪ 2018 ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl tim kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv ˈrisərʧərz frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz əv otago*, ˈkoʊpənˌhɑgən, həl ənd ðə ˈhaɪləndz ənd ˈaɪləndz, dɪd ə ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ˈsərˌveɪ əv ðə leɪk ɪn ʤun 2018 ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈspiʃiz. ðə rɪˈzəlts ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd ɪn ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃənz ə ˈnəmbər əv ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃənz hæv bɪn səˈʤɛstɪd tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ˈsaɪtɪŋz əv ðə ˈkriʧər. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrɑnəld bɪnz, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈmɛmbər əv ðə lɑk nɛs fəˈnɑmənə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈbjʊroʊ, ðɛr ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli noʊ ˈsɪŋgəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən əv ðə ˈmɑnstər. bɪnz roʊt tu bʊks, ðə 1983 ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɪstəri sɑlvd, ənd hɪz 2017 ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɪstəri ˌriˈloʊdɪd. ɪn ðiz hi kənˈtɛndz ðət ən ˈæˌspɛkt əv ˈjumən saɪˈkɑləʤi ɪz ðə əˈbɪləˌti əv ðə aɪ tɪ si wət ɪt wɔnts, ənd ɪkˈspɛkts, tɪ ðeɪ meɪ bi ɛz əv noʊn ˈænəməlz, əv ˌɪˈnænəmət ˈɑbʤɛkts ər ˈifɛkts, əv ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈfoʊˌklɔr, ˈhoʊksɪz, ənd ɪgˈzɑtɪk ˈspiʃiz əv lɑrʤ ˈænəməlz. ə rivˈjuər roʊt ðət bɪnz hæd "ɪˈvɑlvd ˈɪntu ðə ˈɔθər əv ðə dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv, ˈskɛptɪkəl bʊk ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt". bɪnz dɪz nɑt kɔl ðə ˈsaɪtɪŋz ə hoʊks, bət "ə mɪθ ɪn ðə tru sɛns əv ðə tərm" ənd steɪts ðət ðə "'ˈmɑnstər ɪz ə ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl fəˈnɑməˌnɑn. ...ˈæftər 1983 ðə sərʧ (fər ðə) ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ðɛr ʤɪst maɪt bi kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ə smɔl ˈnəmbər fər hum ˈɛvədəns ˈaʊtˌweɪz ɔl ˈəðər ˌmɪsaɪˌdɛnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən əv noʊn ˈænəməlz bərd weɪks weɪks hæv bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd wɪn ðə lɑk ɪz kɑm, wɪθ noʊ boʊts ˈnɪrˈbaɪ. ˈbɑrˌtɛndər ˈdeɪvɪd mənˈroʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ə weɪk hi bɪˈlivd wɑz ə ˈkriʧər ˈzɪgzægɪŋ, ˈdaɪvɪŋ, ənd reappearing*; ðɛr wər rɪˈpɔrtədli 26 ˈəðər ˈwɪtnəsɪz frəm ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ kɑr sɔrs ˈnidɪd] ˌɔlˈðoʊ səm ˈsaɪtɪŋz dɪˈskraɪb ə weɪk ˈsɪmələr tɪ ə ˈəðərz rɪˈpɔrt ˈsəmθɪŋ nɑt kənˈfɔrmɪŋ tɪ ðə ʃeɪp əv ə ilz ə lɑrʤ il wɑz ən ˈərli ilz ər faʊnd ɪn lɑk nɛs, ənd ən ənˈjuˌʒuəli lɑrʤ wən wʊd ɪkˈspleɪn ˈmɛni ˈdɪnzˌdeɪl dɪsˈmɪst ðə haɪˈpɑθəsəs, bɪˈkəz ilz ˈənʤəˌleɪt saɪd tɪ saɪd laɪk ˈsaɪtɪŋz ɪn 1856 əv ə "sea-serpent*" (ər) ɪn ə ˈfrɛʃˌwɔtər leɪk nɪr ɪn ðə ˈaʊtər ˈhɛbrɪdiz wər ɪkˈspleɪnd ɛz ðoʊz əv ən ˈoʊvərˌsaɪzd il, ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈlivd ˈkɑmən ɪn "ˈhaɪlənd ˈɛləfənt ɪn ə 1979 ˈɑrtɪkəl, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə baɪˈɑləʤɪst ˈdɛnɪs paʊər ənd ʤiˈɑgrəfər ˈdɑnəld ˈʤɑnsən kleɪmd ðət ðə "ˈsərʤənz ˈfoʊtəˌgræf" wɑz ðə tɔp əv ðə hɛd, ɪkˈstɛndɪd trəŋk ənd flɛrd ˈnɑstrəlz əv ə sˈwɪmɪŋ ˈɛləfənt ˈfoʊtəˌgræft ˈɛlsˌwɛr ənd kleɪmd tɪ bi frəm lɑk ɪn 2006 ənd ˈɑrtɪst nil klɑrk səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˈtrævəlɪŋ ˈsərkəsəz maɪt hæv əˈlaʊd ˈɛləfənts tɪ beɪð ɪn ðə lɑk; ðə trəŋk kʊd bi ðə pərˈsivd hɛd ənd nɛk, wɪθ ðə hɛd ənd bæk ðə pərˈsivd. ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ðɪs, klɑrk prəˈvaɪdɪd ə ˈgrinˌlænd ʃɑrk zoʊˈɑləʤəst, ˈæŋglər ənd ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈprɛzəntər ˈʤɛrəˌmi weɪd ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ðə ˈkriʧər ɪn 2013 ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈsɪriz ˈrɪvər ˈmɑnstərz, ənd kənˈkludɪd ðət ɪt ɪz ə ˈgrinˌlænd ʃɑrk. ðə ˈgrinˌlænd ʃɑrk, wɪʧ kən riʧ əp tɪ 20 fit ɪn lɛŋθ, ˌɪnˈhæbɪts ðə nɔrθ əˈtlæntɪk ˈoʊʃən əraʊnd ˈkænədə, ˈgrinˌlænd, ˈaɪslənd, ˈnɔrˌweɪ, ənd ˈpɑsəbli ˈskɑtlənd. ɪt ɪz dɑrk ɪn ˈkələr, wɪθ ə smɔl ˈdɔrsəl əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ baɪˈɑləʤɪst brus raɪt, ðə ˈgrinˌlænd ʃɑrk kʊd sərˈvaɪv ɪn frɛʃ ˈwɔtər (ˈpɑsəbli ˈjuzɪŋ ˈrɪvərz ənd leɪks tɪ faɪnd fud) ənd lɑk nɛs həz ən əˈbəndəns əv ˈsæmən ənd ˈəðər ˈkætˌfɪʃ ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2015 θri nuz ˈaʊˌtlɛts ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət stiv, ˈæftər ə ˈvɪʤəl æt ðə lɑk wɪʧ wɑz ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd baɪ ðə ˈgɪnəs bʊk əv ˈrɛkərdz, ðət ðə ˈmɑnstər ɪz ən ˈspɛsəmən əv ˈkætˌfɪʃ glanis*) wɪʧ meɪ hæv bɪn riˈlist ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə leɪt ˈrɛzɪdənt ˈænəməlz ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ʤəʤ ðə saɪz əv ən ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪn ˈwɔtər θru ə ˈtɛləˌskoʊp ər bəˈnɑkjələrz wɪθ noʊ ɪkˈstərnəl ˈrɛfərəns. lɑk nɛs həz ˈrɛzɪdənt ˈɑtərz, ənd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ðɛm ənd dɪr sˈwɪmɪŋ ɪn ðə lɑk wɪʧ wər ˈsaɪtɪd baɪ ˈɔθər ˈrɑnəld meɪ hæv bɪn mɪsɪnˈtərprətɪd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ bɪnz, bərdz meɪ bi mɪˈsteɪkən fər ə "hɛd ənd nɛk" əv ˌɪˈnænəmət ˈɑbʤɛkts ər ˈifɛkts triz ɪn 1933 ðə ˈdeɪli ˈmɪrər ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈpɪkʧər wɪθ ðə ˈkæpʃən: "ðɪs tree-trunk*, wɑʃt əˈʃɔr æt [ɔn lɑk nɛs] meɪ, ɪt ɪz θɔt, bi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə ˌriˈpɔrtəd əˈpɪrəns əv ə ɪn ə 1982 ˈsɪriz əv ˈɑrtɪkəlz fər nu ˈsaɪəntɪst, ˈmɑrɪs ˈbərtən prəˈpoʊzd ðət ˈsaɪtɪŋz əv ˈnɛsi ənd ˈsɪmələr ˈkriʧərz meɪ bi fərˈmɛntɪŋ skɑts paɪn lɔgz ˈraɪzɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsərfəs əv ðə lɑk. ə ˌdikəmˈpoʊzɪŋ lɔg kʊd nɑt ˌɪˈnɪʃəli riˈlis ˈgæsɪz kɔzd baɪ dɪˈkeɪ bɪˈkəz əv ɪts haɪ ˈrɛzɪn ˈlɛvəl. gæs ˈprɛʃər wʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈrəpʧər ə ˈrɛzɪn sil æt wən ɛnd əv ðə lɔg, prəˈpɛlɪŋ ɪt θru ðə ˈwɔtər (ˈsəmˌtaɪmz tɪ ðə ˈsərfəs). əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈbərtən, ðə ʃeɪp əv tri lɔgz (wɪθ ðɛr brænʧ stəmps) ˈkloʊsli rɪˈzɛmbəlz dɪˈskrɪpʃənz əv ðə ənd weɪks lɑk nɛs, bɪˈkəz əv ɪts lɔŋ, streɪt ʃeɪp, ɪz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈrɪpəlz əˈfɛktɪŋ ɪts ˈsərfəs. ə ɪz ə lɑrʤ ˌɑsəˈleɪʃən əv ə leɪk, kɔzd baɪ ˈwɔtər rɪˈvərtɪŋ tɪ ɪts ˈnæʧərəl ˈlɛvəl ˈæftər biɪŋ bloʊn tɪ wən ɛnd əv ðə leɪk (rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ə ˈstændɪŋ weɪv); ðə lɑk nɛs ˌɑsəˈleɪʃən ˈpɪriəd ɪz ˈɑptɪkəl ˈifɛkts wɪnd kənˈdɪʃənz kən gɪv ə ˈʧɑpi, mæt əˈpɪrəns tɪ ðə ˈwɔtər wɪθ kɑm ˈpæʧɪz əˈpɪrɪŋ dɑrk frəm ðə ʃɔr (rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ðə ˈmaʊntənz). ɪn 1979 ˈdəbəlju. eɪʧ. lɛn ʃoʊd ðət ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk kʊd dɪˈstɔrt ðə ʃeɪp ənd saɪz əv ˈɑbʤɛkts ənd ənd ˈleɪtər ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf əv ə mərɑʒ əv ə rɑk ɔn leɪk ˈwɪnɪpəg wɪʧ rɪˈzɛmbəld ə hɛd ənd ˈsaɪzmɪk gæs ˌɪˈtæljən ʤiˈɑləʤəst luˈiʤi həz prəˈpoʊzd ˌʤiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃənz fər ˈeɪnʧənt ˈlɛʤəndz ənd mɪθs. ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ɪn ðə ˈərliəst rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈsaɪtɪŋ əv ə ˈkriʧər (ðə laɪf əv seɪnt ˌkoʊˈləmbə), ðə ˈimərʤəns wɑz əˈkəmpənid "kəm fremitu*" ("wɪθ laʊd ˈrɔrɪŋ"). ðə lɑk nɛs ɪz əˈlɔŋ ðə greɪt glɛn fɔlt, ənd ðɪs kʊd bi ə dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ən ˈərθkˌweɪk. ˈmɛni rɪˈpɔrts kənˈsɪst ˈoʊnli əv ə lɑrʤ dɪˈstərbəns ɔn ðə ˈsərfəs əv ðə ˈwɔtər; ðɪs kʊd bi ə riˈlis əv gæs θru ðə fɔlt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt meɪ bi mɪˈsteɪkən fər ˈsəmθɪŋ sˈwɪmɪŋ bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈfoʊˌklɔr ɪn 1980 sˈwidɪʃ ˈnæʧərələst ənd ˈɔθər bɛŋkt roʊt ðət ˈprɛzənt bɪˈlifs ɪn leɪk ˈmɑnstərz səʧ ɛz ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ər əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈlɛʤəndz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, əˈkaʊnts əv lɑk ˈmɑnstərz hæv ʧeɪnʤd ˈoʊvər taɪm; ərˈɪʤənəli dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ˈkriʧərz, ðeɪ wər ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ kip ˈʧɪldrən əˈweɪ frəm ðə lɑk. roʊt ðət ðə ˈlɛʤəndz hæv dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu dɪˈskrɪpʃənz rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ə ˈmɑdərn əˈwɛrnəs əv ðə ɛz ə ˈwɔtər hɔrs ɪn lɑk nɛs wɑz ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ən 1879 ˈskɑtɪʃ ənd ˌɪnˈspaɪərd tɪm ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈwɔtər ə ˈstədi əv ˈhaɪlənd ˈfoʊˌklɔr ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ, ˈwɔtər ˈhɔrsɪz ənd ˈwɔtər bʊlz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət nɛs wɑz ðə lɑk moʊst ˈfrikwɛntli ˈhoʊksɪz ə ˈnəmbər əv hoʊks əˈtɛmpts hæv bɪn meɪd, səm əv wɪʧ wər səkˈsɛsfəl. ˈəðər ˈhoʊksɪz wər rɪˈvild ˈrəðər kˈwɪkli baɪ ðə ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz ər ɪkˈspoʊzd ˈæftər ˈdɪlɪʤənt ˈrisərʧ. ə fju ɪgˈzæmpəlz ˈfɑloʊ. ɪn ˈɔgəst 1933 ˌɪˈtæljən ˈʤərnəlɪst frænˈʧɛskoʊ gɑspɑˈrini səbˈmɪtəd wət hi sɛd wɑz ðə fərst nuz ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər. ɪn 1959 hi ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈsaɪtɪŋ ə "streɪnʤ fɪʃ" ənd ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪtɪd ˈaɪˈwɪtnəs əˈkaʊnts: "aɪ hæd ðə ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən tɪ gɪt hoʊld əv ðə ˈaɪtəm əˈbaʊt ðə streɪnʤ fɪʃ. ðə aɪˈdiə əv ðə ˈmɑnstər hæd ˈnɛvər dɔnd ɔn mi, bət ðɛn aɪ ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðə streɪnʤ fɪʃ wʊd nɑt jild ə lɔŋ ˈɑrtɪkəl, ənd aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ prəˈmoʊt ðə ˌɪˈmæʤəˌnɛri biɪŋ tɪ ðə ræŋk əv ˈmɑnstər wɪˈθaʊt ˈfərðər ɪn ðə 1930s*, ˈhəntər ˈmɑrməˌduk ˈwɛθərəl wɛnt tɪ lɑk nɛs tɪ lʊk fər ðə ˈmɑnstər. ˈwɛθərəl kleɪmd tɪ hæv faʊnd ˈfʊtˌprɪnts, bət wɪn kæsts əv ðə ˈfʊtˌprɪnts wər sɛnt tɪ ˈsaɪəntɪsts fər æˈnælɪsɪs ðeɪ tərnd aʊt tɪ bi frəm ə ˌhɪpəˈpɑtəməs; ə ˈpræŋkstər hæd juzd ə ˈəmˌbrɛlə ɪn 1972 ə tim əv zoʊˈɑləʤəsts frəm fləˈmɪŋgoʊ pɑrk zu, ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ðə ˈmɑnstər, dɪˈskəvərd ə lɑrʤ ˈbɑdi ˈfloʊtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər. ðə kɔrps, ɛm ft*) lɔŋ ənd weɪɪŋ ɛz məʧ ɛz tənz, wɑz dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ ðə prɛs əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ɛz ˈhævɪŋ "ə bɛrz hɛd ənd ə braʊn ˈbɑdi wɪθ fɪnz." ðə ˈkriʧər wɑz pleɪst ɪn ə væn tɪ bi ˈkɛrid əˈweɪ fər ˈtɛstɪŋ, bət pəˈlis sizd ðə kəˈdævər ˈəndər ən ækt əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt proʊˈhɪbətɪŋ ðə rɪˈmuvəl əv "ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈkriʧərz" frəm lɑk nɛs. ɪt wɑz ˈleɪtər rɪˈvild ðət fləˈmɪŋgoʊ pɑrk ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈɔfɪsər ʤɑn ʃildz ʃeɪvd ðə ˈwɪskərz ənd ˈəðərˌwaɪz dɪsˈfɪgjərd ə bʊl ˈɛləfənt sil wɪʧ hæd daɪd ðə wik ˌbiˈfɔr ənd dəmpt ɪt ɪn lɑk nɛs tɪ dup hɪz ˈnidɪd] ɔn 2 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2003 ˈʤɛrəld dɪˈskəvərd ə ˈfɑsəl, səˈpoʊzədli frəm ðə ˈkriʧər, wɪn hi trɪpt ənd fɛl ˈɪntu ðə lɑk. ˈæftər ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən, ɪt wɑz klɪr ðət ðə ˈfɑsəl hæd bɪn ˈmɑdəl juzd ɪn ðə faɪv ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈproʊˌgræm, lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər: ðə ˈəltəmət ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ˈmɑdəl juzd ɪn ðə faɪv ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈproʊˌgræm, ɪn 2004 ə faɪv ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri tim, ˈjuzɪŋ ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk ˈɛkspərts, traɪd tɪ kənˈvɪns ˈpipəl ðət ðɛr wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn ðə lɑk. ðeɪ kənˈstrəktɪd ən ˈmɑdəl əv ə, ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪt "ˈlusi". dɪˈspaɪt ˈsɛtˌbæks (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈlusi ˈfɑlɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə lɑk), əˈbaʊt 600 ˈsaɪtɪŋz wər ˌriˈpɔrtəd wɛr ʃi wɑz ɪn 2005 tu ˈstudənts kleɪmd tɪ hæv faʊnd ə lɑrʤ tuθ ɛmˈbɛdɪd ɪn ðə ˈbɑdi əv ə dɪr ɔn ðə lɑk ʃɔr. ðeɪ ðə faɪnd, ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, bət ˈɛkspərt æˈnælɪsɪs sun rɪˈvild ðət ðə "tuθ" wɑz ðə ˈæntlər əv ə muntjac*. ðə tuθ wɑz ə pəˈblɪsɪti stənt tɪ prəˈmoʊt ə ˈhɔrər ˈnɑvəl baɪ stiv alten*, ðə ɪgˈzɑtɪk ˈspiʃiz ɪn 1933 ɪt wɑz səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə ˈkriʧər "bɛrz ə ˈstraɪkɪŋ rɪˈzɛmbləns tɪ ðə səˈpoʊzədli ɪkˈstɪŋkt ə əkˈwɑtɪk ˈrɛptaɪl wɪʧ bɪˈkeɪm ɪkˈstɪŋkt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪˈvɛnt. ə ˈpɑpjələr ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən æt ðə taɪm, ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈɑrgjəmənts hæv bɪn meɪd əˈgɛnst ɪt: wər ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈkoʊldˈblədəd ˈrɛptaɪlz ˈnidɪŋ wɔrm ˈtrɑpɪkəl ˈwɔtərz; ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈtɛmpərəʧər əv lɑk nɛs ɪz ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt 42 °°f*). 130 ɪf ðə wər warm-blooded*, ðeɪ wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ə fud səˈplaɪ bɪɔnd ðət səˈplaɪd baɪ lɑk nɛs. 131 ɪf ðə wər warm-blooded*, ðeɪ wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ə fud səˈplaɪ bɪɔnd ðət səˈplaɪd baɪ lɑk nɛs. ɪn ən ɑkˈtoʊbər 2006 nu ˈsaɪəntɪst ˈɑrtɪkəl, "waɪ ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ɪz noʊ", ˈlɛsli noè*è əv ðə ˈsɛʤwɪk mˈjuziəm ɪn ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ sɛd: "ðə əv ðə nɛk meɪks ɪt ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈsərtən ðət ðə kʊd nɑt lɪft ɪts hɛd əp aʊt əv ðə ˈwɔtər". 132 ˈɑrtɪkəl, "waɪ ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ɪz noʊ", ˈlɛsli noè*è əv ðə ˈsɛʤwɪk mˈjuziəm ɪn ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ sɛd: "ðə əv ðə nɛk meɪks ɪt ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈsərtən ðət ðə kʊd nɑt lɪft ɪts hɛd əp aʊt əv ðə ˈwɔtər". ðə lɑk ɪz ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt jɪrz oʊld, ˈdeɪtɪŋ tɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə læst aɪs eɪʤ. ˌbiˈfɔr ðɛn, ɪt wɑz ˈfroʊzən fər əˈbaʊt jɪrz. 133 ɪf ˈkriʧərz ˈsɪmələr tɪ lɪvd ɪn lɑk nɛs ðeɪ wʊd bi sin ˈfrikwɛntli, sɪns ðeɪ wʊd hæv tɪ ˈsərfəs ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ə deɪ tɪ ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðiz ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəmz, tɪm ˈdɪnzˌdeɪl, ˈpitər skɑt ənd rɔɪ ˈpɑsʧəˌleɪt ə træpt mərˈin ˈkriʧər wɪʧ ɪˈvɑlvd frəm ə dɪˈrɛkli ər baɪ kənˈvərʤənt ˈrɑbərt raɪnz ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ðə "hɔrnz" ɪn səm ˈsaɪtɪŋz ɛz ˈbriðɪŋ tubz (ər ˈnɑstrəlz), əˈlaʊɪŋ ɪt tɪ brið wɪˈθaʊt ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə ˈsərfəs. ʤaɪənt æmˈfɪbiən ɑr. ti. guld səˈʤɛstɪd ə rɔɪ ɪgˈzæmənd ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti, ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪt ðə haɪəst skɔr 88 pərˈsɛnt) ɔn hɪz lɪst əv ˈpɑsəbəl ˌɪnˈvərtəˌbreɪt ɪn 1968 ɛf. ˈdəbəlju. (tɛd) ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ prəˈpoʊzd ðət ˈnɛsi ənd ˈəðər leɪk ˈmɑnstərz, səʧ ɛz morag*, meɪ bi ə lɑrʤ ˌɪnˈvərtəˌbreɪt səʧ ɛz ə bristleworm*; hi ˈsaɪtɪd ðə ɪkˈstɪŋkt ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðə əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ, ðɪs ɪkˈspleɪnz ðə lænd ˈsaɪtɪŋz ənd ðə ˈvɛriəbəl bæk ʃeɪp; hi ˈlaɪkənd ɪt tɪ ðə mɪˈdjivəl dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ˈdrægənz ɛz "wərmz". ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɪs ˈθɪri wɑz kənˈsɪdərd baɪ, hi faʊnd ɪt lɛs kənˈvɪnsɪŋ ðən ilz, æmˈfɪbiənz ər si ˈɔlsoʊ noʊts dəraɪvd frəm "lɑk nɛs". ˈɔlsoʊ ə fəˈmɪljər fɔrm əv ðə gərlz neɪm ˈægnɪs, ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈkɑmən ɪn ˈskɑtlənd, e.g*. ðə ˈdeɪli ˈmɪrər 4 ˈɔgəst 1932 rɪˈpɔrts ðə ˈwɛdɪŋ əv "mɪs ˈnɛsi klɑrk, ə ˈskulˌtiʧər" ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˌbɪbliˈɑgrəfi baʊər, ˈhɛnri eɪʧ. ðə ɪˈnɪgmə əv lɑk nɛs: ˈmeɪkɪŋ sɛns əv ə ˈmɪstəri ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌɪləˈnɔɪz prɛs, 1986 ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌɪləˈnɔɪz prɛs, 1986 bɪnz, ˈrɑnəld, ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɪstəri sɑlvd greɪt ˈbrɪtən, ˈoʊpən bʊks, 1983 ənd stɑr bʊks, 1984 greɪt ˈbrɪtən, ˈoʊpən bʊks, 1983 ənd stɑr bʊks, 1984 bɪnz, ˈrɑnəld, ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɪstəri ˌriˈloʊdɪd ˈləndən, prɛs, 2017 9781999735906 ˈləndən, prɛs, 2017 9781999735906 ˈbərtən, ˈmɑrɪs, ðə ɪˈlusɪv ˈmɑnstər: ən æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə ˈɛvədəns frəm lɑk nɛs, ˈləndən, ˈrupərt hart-davis*, 1961 ˈkæmbəl, stɔɪɑrt. ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ðə ˈɛvədəns ˈbəfəˌloʊ, nu jɔrk, prəˈmiˌθiəs bʊks, 1985 ˈbəfəˌloʊ, nu jɔrk, prəˈmiˌθiəs bʊks, 1985 ˈdɪnzˌdeɪl, tɪm, lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ˈləndən, ˈraʊtlɪʤ pɔl, 1961 7100 1279 9 ˈləndən, ˈraʊtlɪʤ pɔl, 1961 7100 1279 9 ˈhɛrɪsən, pɔl ðə ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpidiə əv ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ˈləndən, ˈrɑbərt heɪl, 1999 ˈləndən, ˈrɑbərt heɪl, 1999 guld, ɑr. ti., ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər ənd ˈəðərz ˈləndən, ˈʤɛfri bles*, 1934 ənd ˈpeɪpərˌbæk, laɪl stɔrt, 1976 ˈləndən, ˈʤɛfri bles*, 1934 ənd ˈpeɪpərˌbæk, laɪl stɔrt, 1976 ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ, ɛf. ˈdəbəlju., ðə greɪt əv lɑk nɛs ˈləndən, ˈfeɪbər ˈfeɪbər, 1968 571 08473 7 ˈləndən, ˈfeɪbər ˈfeɪbər, 1968 571 08473 7 waɪt, ˈkɑnstəns, mɔr ðən ə ˈlɛʤənd: ðə ˈstɔri əv ðə lɑk nɛs ˈmɑnstər, ˈləndən, ˈhæmɪʃ ˈhæməltən, 1957 ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri

in scottish folklore, the loch ness monster or nessie is a creature said to inhabit loch ness in the scottish highlands. it is often described as large in size with a long neck and one or more humps protruding from the water. popular interest and belief in the creature has varied since it was brought to worldwide attention in 1933. evidence of its existence is anecdotal, with a few disputed photographs and sonar readings. the scientific community regards the loch ness monster as a phenomenon without biological basis, explaining sightings as hoaxes, wishful thinking, and the misidentification of mundane objects.[2] name the creature has been affectionately called nessie[a] (scottish gaelic: niseag)[3] since the 1940s.[4] origins the word "monster" was reportedly applied for the first time to the creature on 2 may 1933 by alex campbell, water bailiff for loch ness and a part-time journalist, in an inverness courier report.[5][6][7] on 4 august 1933 the courier published a report by londoner george spicer that several weeks earlier, while they were driving around the loch, he and his wife saw "the nearest approach to a dragon or pre-historic animal that i have ever seen in my life" trundling across the road toward the loch with "an animal" in its mouth.[8] letters began appearing in the courier, often anonymously, claiming land or water sightings by the writer, their family or acquaintances or remembered stories.[9] the accounts reached the media, which described a "monster fish", "sea serpent", or "dragon"[10] and eventually settled on "loch ness monster".[11] on 6 december 1933 the first purported photograph of the monster, taken by hugh gray, was published in the daily express;[12] the secretary of state for scotland soon ordered police to prevent any attacks on it.[13] in 1934, interest was further piqued by the "surgeon's photograph". that year, r. t. gould published an account[14] of the author's investigation and a record of reports predating 1933. other authors have claimed sightings of the monster dating to the sixth century ad. history saint columba (565) the earliest report of a monster in the vicinity of loch ness appears in the life of st. columba by adomnán, written in the sixth century ad.[15] according to adomnán, writing about a century after the events described, irish monk saint columba was staying in the land of the picts with his companions when he encountered local residents burying a man by the river ness. they explained that the man was swimming in the river when he was attacked by a "water beast" which mauled him and dragged him underwater. although they tried to rescue him in a boat, he was dead. columba sent a follower, luigne moccu min, to swim across the river. the beast approached him, but columba made the sign of the cross and said: "go no further. do not touch the man. go back at once."[16] the creature stopped as if it had been "pulled back with ropes" and fled, and columba's men and the picts gave thanks for what they perceived as a miracle.[16] believers in the monster point to this story, set in the river ness rather than the loch itself, as evidence for the creature's existence as early as the sixth century.[17] sceptics question the narrative's reliability, noting that water-beast stories were extremely common in medieval hagiographies and adomnán's tale probably recycles a common motif attached to a local landmark.[18] according to sceptics, adomnán's story may be independent of the modern loch ness monster legend and became attached to it by believers seeking to bolster their claims.[17] ronald binns considers that this is the most serious of various alleged early sightings of the monster, but all other claimed sightings before 1933 are dubious and do not prove a monster tradition before that date.[6] christopher cairney uses a specific historical and cultural analysis of adomnán to separate adomnán’s story about st. columba from the modern myth of the loch ness monster, but finds an earlier and culturally significant use of celtic “water beast” folklore along the way. in doing so he also discredits any strong connection between kelpies or water-horses and the modern “media-augmented” creation of the loch ness monster.[19] d. mackenzie (1871 or 1872) in october 1871 (or 1872), d. mackenzie of balnain reportedly saw an object resembling a log or an upturned boat "wriggling and churning up the water". the object moved slowly at first, disappearing at a faster speed.[20][21] mackenzie sent his story in a letter to rupert gould in 1934, shortly after popular interest in the monster increased.[21] george spicer (1933) modern interest in the monster was sparked by a sighting on 22 july 1933, when george spicer and his wife saw "a most extraordinary form of animal" cross the road in front of their car.[8] they described the creature as having a large body (about 4 feet (1.2 m) high and 25 feet (8 m) long) and a long, wavy, narrow neck, slightly thicker than an elephant's trunk and as long as the 10–12-foot (3–4 m) width of the road. they saw no limbs.[22] it lurched across the road towards the loch 20 yards (20 m) away, leaving a trail of broken undergrowth in its wake.[22] it has been claimed that sightings of the monster increased after a road was built along the loch in early 1933, bringing workers and tourists to the formerly-isolated area.[23] however, binns has described this as "the myth of the lonely loch", as it was far from isolated before then, due to the construction of the caledonian canal. in the 1930s, the existing road by the side of the loch was given a serious upgrade (just possibly this work could have contributed to the legend, since there could have been tar barrels floating in the loch).[6] hugh gray (1933) hugh gray's photograph taken near foyers on 12 november 1933 was the first photograph alleged to depict the monster. it was slightly blurred, and it has been noted that if one looks closely the head of a dog can be seen. gray had taken his labrador for a walk that day, and it is suspected that the photograph depicts his dog fetching a stick from the loch.[24] others have suggested the photograph depicts an otter or a swan. the original negative was lost. however, in 1963 maurice burton came into "possession of two lantern slides, contact positives from th[e] original negative" and when projected on screen it revealed an "otter rolling at the surface in characteristic fashion."[25] arthur grant (1934) sketch of the arthur grant sighting. on 5 january 1934, a motorcyclist, arthur grant, claimed to have nearly hit the creature while approaching abriachan (near the north-eastern end of the loch) at about 1 a.m. on a moonlit night.[26] according to grant, it had a small head attached to a long neck; the creature saw him, and crossed the road back to the loch. grant, a veterinary student, described it as a cross between a seal and a plesiosaur. he said he dismounted and followed it to the loch, but only saw ripples.[14][27] grant produced a sketch of the creature which was examined by zoologist maurice burton, who stated it was consistent with the appearance and behaviour of an otter.[28] regarding the long size of the creature reported by grant; it has been suggested that this was a faulty observation due to the poor light conditions.[29] palaeontologist darren naish has suggested that grant may have seen either an otter or a seal and exaggerated his sighting over time.[30] "surgeon's photograph" (1934) the "surgeon's photograph" is reportedly the first photo of the creature's head and neck.[31] supposedly taken by robert kenneth wilson, a london gynaecologist, it was published in the daily mail on 21 april 1934.[32] wilson's refusal to have his name associated with it led to it being known as the "surgeon's photograph".[33] according to wilson, he was looking at the loch when he saw the monster, grabbed his camera and snapped four photos. only two exposures came out clearly; the first reportedly shows a small head and back, and the second shows a similar head in a diving position. the first photo became well-known, and the second attracted little publicity because of its blurriness. although for a number of years the photo was considered evidence of the monster, sceptics dismissed it as driftwood,[21] an elephant,[34] an otter, or a bird. the photo's scale was controversial; it is often shown cropped (making the creature seem large and the ripples like waves), while the uncropped shot shows the other end of the loch and the monster in the centre. the ripples in the photo were found to fit the size and pattern of small ripples, unlike large waves photographed up close. analysis of the original image fostered further doubt. in 1993, the makers of the discovery communications documentary loch ness discovered analysed the uncropped image and found a white object visible in every version of the photo (implying that it was on the negative). it was believed to be the cause of the ripples, as if the object was being towed, although the possibility of a blemish on the negative could not be ruled out. an analysis of the full photograph indicated that the object was small, about 60 to 90 cm (2 to 3 ft) long.[33] since 1994, most agree that the photo was an elaborate hoax.[33] it had been accused of being a fake in a 7 december 1975 sunday telegraph article which fell into obscurity.[35] details of how the photo was taken were published in the 1999 book, nessie – the surgeon's photograph exposed, which contains a facsimile of the 1975 sunday telegraph article.[36] the creature was reportedly a toy submarine built by christian spurling, the son-in-law of marmaduke wetherell. wetherell had been publicly ridiculed by his employer, the daily mail, after he found "nessie footprints" which turned out to be a hoax. to get revenge on the mail, wetherell perpetrated his hoax with co-conspirators spurling (sculpture specialist), ian wetherell (his son, who bought the material for the fake), and maurice chambers (an insurance agent).[37] the toy submarine was bought from f. w. woolworths, and its head and neck were made from wood putty. after testing it in a local pond the group went to loch ness, where ian wetherell took the photos near the altsaigh tea house. when they heard a water bailiff approaching, duke wetherell sank the model with his foot and it is "presumably still somewhere in loch ness".[21] chambers gave the photographic plates to wilson, a friend of his who enjoyed "a good practical joke". wilson brought the plates to ogston's, an inverness chemist, and gave them to george morrison for development. he sold the first photo to the daily mail,[38] who then announced that the monster had been photographed.[21] little is known of the second photo; it is often ignored by researchers, who believe its quality too poor and its differences from the first photo too great to warrant analysis. it shows a head similar to the first photo, with a more turbulent wave pattern and possibly taken at a different time and location in the loch. some believe it to be an earlier, cruder attempt at a hoax,[39] and others (including roy mackal and maurice burton) consider it a picture of a diving bird or otter which wilson mistook for the monster.[20] according to morrison, when the plates were developed wilson was uninterested in the second photo; he allowed morrison to keep the negative, and the second photo was rediscovered years later.[40] when asked about the second photo by the ness information service newsletter, spurling " ... was vague, thought it might have been a piece of wood they were trying out as a monster, but [was] not sure."[41] taylor film (1938) on 29 may 1938, south african tourist g. e. taylor filmed something in the loch for three minutes on 16 mm colour film. the film was obtained by popular science writer maurice burton, who did not show it to other researchers. a single frame was published in his 1961 book, the elusive monster. his analysis concluded it was a floating object, not an animal.[42] william fraser (1938) on 15 august 1938, william fraser, chief constable of inverness-shire, wrote a letter that the monster existed beyond doubt and expressed concern about a hunting party which had arrived (with a custom-made harpoon gun) determined to catch the monster "dead or alive". he believed his power to protect the monster from the hunters was "very doubtful". the letter was released by the national archives of scotland on 27 april 2010.[43][44] sonar readings (1954) in december 1954, sonar readings were taken by the fishing boat rival iii. its crew noted a large object keeping pace with the vessel at a depth of 146 metres (479 ft). it was detected for 800 m (2,600 ft) before contact was lost and regained.[45] previous sonar attempts were inconclusive or negative. peter macnab (1955) peter macnab at urquhart castle on july 29, 1955 took a photograph that depicted two long black humps in the water. the photograph was not made public until it appeared in constance whyte's 1957 book on the subject. on 23 october 1958 it was published by the weekly scotsman. author ronald binns wrote that the "phenomenon which macnab photographed could easily be a wave effect resulting from three trawlers travelling closely together up the loch."[46] other researchers consider the photograph a hoax.[47] roy mackal requested to use the photograph in his 1976 book. he received the original negative from macnab, but discovered it differed from the photograph that appeared in whyte's book. the tree at the bottom left in whyte's was missing from the negative. it is suspected that the photograph was doctored by re-photographing a print.[48] dinsdale film (1960) aeronautical engineer tim dinsdale filmed a hump which left a wake crossing loch ness in 1960.[49] dinsdale, who reportedly had the sighting on his final day of search, described it as reddish with a blotch on its side. he said that when he mounted his camera the object began to move, and he shot 40 feet of film. according to jaric, the object was "probably animate".[50][third-party source needed] others were sceptical, saying that the "hump" cannot be ruled out as being a boat[51] and when the contrast is increased, a man in a boat can be seen.[50] in 1993 discovery communications produced a documentary, loch ness discovered, with a digital enhancement of the dinsdale film. a person who enhanced the film noticed a shadow in the negative which was not obvious in the developed film. by enhancing and overlaying frames, he found what appeared to be the rear body of a creature underwater: "before i saw the film, i thought the loch ness monster was a load of rubbish. having done the enhancement, i'm not so sure".[52] "loch ness muppet" (1977) on 21 may 1977 anthony "doc" shiels, camping next to urquhart castle, took "some of the clearest pictures of the monster until this day".[citation needed] shiels, a magician and psychic, claimed to have summoned the animal out of the water. he later described it as an "elephant squid", claiming the long neck shown in the photograph is actually the squid's "trunk" and that a white spot at the base of the neck is its eye. due to the lack of ripples, it has been declared a hoax by a number of people and received its name because of its staged look.[53][54] holmes video (2007) on 26 may 2007, 55-year-old laboratory technician gordon holmes videotaped what he said was "this jet black thing, about 14 metres (46 ft) long, moving fairly fast in the water."[55] adrian shine, a marine biologist at the loch ness 2000 centre in drumnadrochit, described the footage as among "the best footage [he had] ever seen."[55] bbc scotland broadcast the video on 29 may 2007.[56] stv news north tonight aired the footage on 28 may 2007 and interviewed holmes. shine was also interviewed, and suggested that the footage was an otter, seal or water bird.[57] sonar image (2011) on 24 august 2011 loch ness boat captain marcus atkinson photographed a sonar image of a 1.5-metre-wide (4.9 ft), unidentified object which seemed to follow his boat for two minutes at a depth of 23 m (75 ft), and ruled out the possibility of a small fish or seal. in april 2012, a scientist from the national oceanography centre said that the image is a bloom of algae and zooplankton.[58] george edwards photograph (2011) on 3 august 2012, skipper george edwards claimed that a photo he took on 2 november 2011 shows "nessie". edwards claims to have searched for the monster for 26 years, and reportedly spent 60 hours per week on the loch aboard his boat, nessie hunter iv, taking tourists for rides on the lake.[59] edwards said, "in my opinion, it probably looks kind of like a manatee, but not a mammal. when people see three humps, they're probably just seeing three separate monsters."[60] other researchers have questioned the photograph's authenticity, and loch ness researcher steve feltham suggested that the object in the water is a fibreglass hump used in a national geographic channel documentary in which edwards had participated.[61] researcher dick raynor has questioned edwards' claim of discovering a deeper bottom of loch ness, which raynor calls "edwards deep". he found inconsistencies between edwards' claims for the location and conditions of the photograph and the actual location and weather conditions that day. according to raynor, edwards told him he had faked a photograph in 1986 which he claimed was genuine in the nat geo documentary.[62] although edwards admitted in october 2013 that his 2011 photograph was a hoax,[63] he insisted that the 1986 photograph was genuine.[64] david elder video (2013) on 27 august 2013, tourist david elder presented a five-minute video of a "mysterious wave" in the loch. according to elder, the wave was produced by a 4.5 m (15 ft) "solid black object" just under the surface of the water.[65] elder, 50, from east kilbride, south lanarkshire, was taking a picture of a swan at the fort augustus pier on the south-western end of the loch,[66] when he captured the movement.[67] he said, "the water was very still at the time and there were no ripples coming off the wave and no other activity on the water."[67] sceptics suggested that the wave may have been caused by a wind gust.[68] apple maps photograph (2014) on 19 april 2014, it was reported[69] that a satellite image on apple maps showed what appeared to be a large creature (thought by some to be the loch ness monster) just below the surface of loch ness. at the loch's far north, the image appeared about 30 metres (98 ft) long. possible explanations were the wake of a boat (with the boat itself lost in image stitching or low contrast), seal-caused ripples, or floating wood.[70][71] google street view (2015) google commemorated the 81st anniversary of the "surgeon's photograph" with a google doodle,[72] and added a new feature to google street view with which users can explore the loch above and below the water.[73][74] google reportedly spent a week at loch ness collecting imagery with a street-view "trekker" camera, attaching it to a boat to photograph above the surface and collaborating with members of the catlin seaview survey to photograph underwater.[75] searches edward mountain expedition (1934) loch ness, reported home of the monster after reading rupert gould's the loch ness monster and others,[14] edward mountain financed a search. twenty men with binoculars and cameras positioned themselves around the loch from 9 am to 6 pm for five weeks, beginning on 13 july 1934. although 21 photographs were taken, none was considered conclusive. supervisor james fraser remained by the loch filming on 15 september 1934; the film is now lost.[76] zoologists and professors of natural history concluded that the film showed a seal, possibly a grey seal.[77] loch ness phenomena investigation bureau (1962–1972) the loch ness phenomena investigation bureau (lnpib) was a uk-based society formed in 1962 by norman collins, r. s. r. fitter, politician david james, peter scott and constance whyte[78] "to study loch ness to identify the creature known as the loch ness monster or determine the causes of reports of it".[79] the society's name was later shortened to the loch ness investigation bureau (lnib), and it disbanded in 1972. the lnib had an annual subscription charge, which covered administration. its main activity was encouraging groups of self-funded volunteers to watch the loch from vantage points with film cameras with telescopic lenses. from 1965 to 1972 it had a caravan camp and viewing platform at achnahannet, and sent observers to other locations up and down the loch.[80] according to the bureau's 1969 annual report[81] it had 1,030 members, of whom 588 were from the uk. sonar study (1967–1968) d. gordon tucker, chair of the department of electronic and electrical engineering at the university of birmingham, volunteered his services as a sonar developer and expert at loch ness in 1968.[82] his gesture, part of a larger effort led by the lnpib from 1967 to 1968, involved collaboration between volunteers and professionals in a number of fields. tucker had chosen loch ness as the test site for a prototype sonar transducer with a maximum range of 800 m (2,600 ft). the device was fixed underwater at temple pier in urquhart bay and directed at the opposite shore, drawing an acoustic "net" across the loch through which no moving object could pass undetected. during the two-week trial in august, multiple targets were identified. one was probably a shoal of fish, but others moved in a way not typical of shoals at speeds up to 10 knots.[83] robert rines studies (1972, 1975, 2001, 2008) in 1972, a group of researchers from the academy of applied science led by robert h. rines conducted a search for the monster involving sonar examination of the loch depths for unusual activity. rines took precautions to avoid murky water with floating wood and peat.[citation needed] a submersible camera with a floodlight was deployed to record images below the surface. if rines detected anything on the sonar, he turned the light on and took pictures. on 8 august, rines' raytheon de-725c sonar unit, operating at a frequency of 200 khz and anchored at a depth of 11 metres (36 ft), identified a moving target (or targets) estimated by echo strength at 6 to 9 metres (20 to 30 ft) in length. specialists from raytheon, simrad (now kongsberg maritime), hydroacoustics, marty klein of mit and klein associates (a side-scan sonar producer) and ira dyer of mit's department of ocean engineering were on hand to examine the data. p. skitzki of raytheon suggested that the data indicated a 3-metre (10 ft) protuberance projecting from one of the echoes. according to author roy mackal, the shape was a "highly flexible laterally flattened tail" or the misinterpreted return from two animals swimming together.[84] concurrent with the sonar readings, the floodlit camera obtained a pair of underwater photographs. both depicted what appeared to be a rhomboid flipper, although sceptics have dismissed the images as the bottom of the loch, air bubbles, a rock, or a fish fin. the apparent flipper was photographed in different positions, indicating movement.[85] the first flipper photo is better-known than the second, and both were enhanced and retouched from the original negatives. according to team member charles wyckoff, the photos were retouched to superimpose the flipper; the original enhancement showed a considerably less-distinct object. no one is sure how the originals were altered.[86] british naturalist peter scott announced in 1975, on the basis of the photographs, that the creature's scientific name would be nessiteras rhombopteryx (greek for "ness inhabitant with diamond-shaped fin").[87] scott intended that the name would enable the creature to be added to the british register of protected wildlife. scottish politician nicholas fairbairn called the name an anagram for "monster hoax by sir peter s".[88][89][90] another sonar contact was made, this time with two objects estimated to be about 9 metres (30 ft). the strobe camera photographed two large, white, lumpy objects surrounded by a flurry of bubbles. some interpreted the objects as two plesiosaur-like animals, suggesting several large animals living in loch ness. this photograph has rarely been published.[citation needed] in 2001, rines' academy of applied science videotaped a v-shaped wake traversing still water on a calm day. the academy also videotaped an object on the floor of the loch resembling a carcass and found marine clamshells and a fungus-like organism not normally found in freshwater lochs, a suggested connection to the sea and a possible entry for the creature.[91] in 2008 rines theorised that the creature may have become extinct, citing the lack of significant sonar readings and a decline in eyewitness accounts. he undertook a final expedition, using sonar and an underwater camera in an attempt to find a carcass. rines believed that the animals may have failed to adapt to temperature changes resulting from global warming.[92] operation deepscan (1987) operation deepscan was conducted in 1987.[93] twenty-four boats equipped with echosounder equipment were deployed across the width of the loch, and simultaneously sent acoustic waves. according to bbc news the scientists had made sonar contact with an unidentified object of unusual size and strength.[94] the researchers returned, re-scanning the area. analysis of the echosounder images seemed to indicate debris at the bottom of the loch, although there was motion in three of the pictures. adrian shine speculated, based on size, that they might be seals which had entered the loch.[95] sonar expert darrell lowrance, founder of lowrance electronics, donated a number of echosounder units used in the operation. after examining a sonar return indicating a large, moving object at a depth of 180 metres (590 ft) near urquhart bay, lowrance said: "there's something here that we don't understand, and there's something here that's larger than a fish, maybe some species that hasn't been detected before. i don't know."[96] searching for the loch ness monster (2003) in 2003, the bbc sponsored a search of the loch using 600 sonar beams and satellite tracking. the search had sufficient resolution to identify a small buoy. no animal of substantial size was found and, despite their high hopes, the scientists involved admitted that this proved the loch ness monster was a myth. searching for the loch ness monster aired on bbc one.[97] dna survey (2018) an international team consisting of researchers from the universities of otago, copenhagen, hull and the highlands and islands, did a dna survey of the lake in june 2018, looking for unusual species. the results are expected in 2019.[98] explanations a number of explanations have been suggested to account for sightings of the creature. according to ronald binns, a former member of the loch ness phenomena investigation bureau, there is probably no single explanation of the monster. binns wrote two sceptical books, the 1983 the loch ness mystery solved, and his 2017 the loch ness mystery reloaded. in these he contends that an aspect of human psychology is the ability of the eye to see what it wants, and expects, to see.[6] they may be categorised as misidentifications of known animals, misidentifications of inanimate objects or effects, reinterpretations of scottish folklore, hoaxes, and exotic species of large animals. a reviewer wrote that binns had "evolved into the author of ... the definitive, skeptical book on the subject". binns does not call the sightings a hoax, but "a myth in the true sense of the term" and states that the "'monster is a sociological ... phenomenon. ...after 1983 the search ... (for the) possibility that there just might be continues to enthrall a small number for whom eye-witness evidence outweighs all other considerations".[99] misidentification of known animals bird wakes wakes have been reported when the loch is calm, with no boats nearby. bartender david munro reported a wake he believed was a creature zigzagging, diving, and reappearing; there were reportedly 26 other witnesses from a nearby car park.[86][better source needed] although some sightings describe a v-shaped wake similar to a boat's,[91] others report something not conforming to the shape of a boat.[52] eels a large eel was an early suggestion.[13] eels are found in loch ness, and an unusually large one would explain many sightings.[100] dinsdale dismissed the hypothesis, because eels undulate side to side like snakes.[101] sightings in 1856 of a "sea-serpent" (or kelpie) in a freshwater lake near leurbost in the outer hebrides were explained as those of an oversized eel, also believed common in "highland lakes".[102] elephant in a 1979 article, california biologist dennis power and geographer donald johnson claimed that the "surgeon's photograph" was the top of the head, extended trunk and flared nostrils of a swimming elephant photographed elsewhere and claimed to be from loch ness.[34] in 2006, palaeontologist and artist neil clark suggested that travelling circuses might have allowed elephants to bathe in the loch; the trunk could be the perceived head and neck, with the head and back the perceived humps. in support of this, clark provided a painting.[103] greenland shark zoologist, angler and television presenter jeremy wade investigated the creature in 2013 as part of the series river monsters, and concluded that it is a greenland shark. the greenland shark, which can reach up to 20 feet in length, inhabits the north atlantic ocean around canada, greenland, iceland, norway, and possibly scotland. it is dark in colour, with a small dorsal fin.[104] according to biologist bruce wright, the greenland shark could survive in fresh water (possibly using rivers and lakes to find food) and loch ness has an abundance of salmon and other fish.[105][106] wels catfish in july 2015 three news outlets reported that steve feltham, after a vigil at the loch which was recognized by the guinness book of records, theorised that the monster is an unusually-large specimen of wels catfish (silurus glanis) which may have been released during the late 19th century.[107][108][109] resident animals it is difficult to judge the size of an object in water through a telescope or binoculars with no external reference. loch ness has resident otters, and photos of them and deer swimming in the loch which were cited by author ronald binns[110] may have been misinterpreted. according to binns, birds may be mistaken for a "head and neck" sighting.[111] misidentifications of inanimate objects or effects trees in 1933, the daily mirror published a picture with the caption: "this queerly-shaped tree-trunk, washed ashore at foyers [on loch ness] may, it is thought, be responsible for the reported appearance of a 'monster'".[112] in a 1982 series of articles for new scientist, maurice burton proposed that sightings of nessie and similar creatures may be fermenting scots pine logs rising to the surface of the loch. a decomposing log could not initially release gases caused by decay because of its high resin level. gas pressure would eventually rupture a resin seal at one end of the log, propelling it through the water (sometimes to the surface). according to burton, the shape of tree logs (with their branch stumps) closely resembles descriptions of the monster.[113][114][115] seiches and wakes loch ness, because of its long, straight shape, is subject to unusual ripples affecting its surface. a seiche is a large oscillation of a lake, caused by water reverting to its natural level after being blown to one end of the lake (resulting in a standing wave); the loch ness oscillation period is 31.5 minutes.[116] optical effects wind conditions can give a choppy, matte appearance to the water with calm patches appearing dark from the shore (reflecting the mountains). in 1979 w. h. lehn showed that atmospheric refraction could distort the shape and size of objects and animals,[117] and later published a photograph of a mirage of a rock on lake winnipeg which resembled a head and neck.[118] seismic gas italian geologist luigi piccardi has proposed geological explanations for ancient legends and myths. piccardi noted that in the earliest recorded sighting of a creature (the life of saint columba), the creature's emergence was accompanied "cum ingenti fremitu" ("with loud roaring"). the loch ness is along the great glen fault, and this could be a description of an earthquake. many reports consist only of a large disturbance on the surface of the water; this could be a release of gas through the fault, although it may be mistaken for something swimming below the surface.[119] folklore in 1980 swedish naturalist and author bengt sjögren wrote that present beliefs in lake monsters such as the loch ness monster are associated with kelpie legends. according to sjögren, accounts of loch monsters have changed over time; originally describing horse-like creatures, they were intended to keep children away from the loch. sjögren wrote that the kelpie legends have developed into descriptions reflecting a modern awareness of plesiosaurs.[120] the kelpie as a water horse in loch ness was mentioned in an 1879 scottish newspaper,[121] and inspired tim dinsdale's project water horse.[122] a study of pre-1933 highland folklore references to kelpies, water horses and water bulls indicated that ness was the loch most frequently cited.[123] hoaxes a number of hoax attempts have been made, some of which were successful. other hoaxes were revealed rather quickly by the perpetrators or exposed after diligent research. a few examples follow. in august 1933, italian journalist francesco gasparini submitted what he said was the first news article on the loch ness monster. in 1959, he reported sighting a "strange fish" and fabricated eyewitness accounts: "i had the inspiration to get hold of the item about the strange fish. the idea of the monster had never dawned on me, but then i noted that the strange fish would not yield a long article, and i decided to promote the imaginary being to the rank of monster without further ado."[124] in the 1930s, big-game hunter marmaduke wetherell went to loch ness to look for the monster. wetherell claimed to have found footprints, but when casts of the footprints were sent to scientists for analysis they turned out to be from a hippopotamus; a prankster had used a hippopotamus-foot umbrella stand.[125] in 1972 a team of zoologists from yorkshire's flamingo park zoo, searching for the monster, discovered a large body floating in the water. the corpse, 4.9–5.4 m (16–18 ft) long and weighing as much as 1.5 tonnes, was described by the press association as having "a bear's head and a brown scaly body with clawlike fins." the creature was placed in a van to be carried away for testing, but police seized the cadaver under an act of parliament prohibiting the removal of "unidentified creatures" from loch ness. it was later revealed that flamingo park education officer john shields shaved the whiskers and otherwise disfigured a bull elephant seal which had died the week before and dumped it in loch ness to dupe his colleagues.[citation needed] on 2 july 2003, gerald mcsorely discovered a fossil, supposedly from the creature, when he tripped and fell into the loch. after examination, it was clear that the fossil had been planted.[126] cryptoclidus model used in the five tv programme, loch ness monster: the ultimate experiment model used in the five tv programme, in 2004 a five tv documentary team, using cinematic special-effects experts, tried to convince people that there was something in the loch. they constructed an animatronic model of a plesiosaur, calling it "lucy". despite setbacks (including lucy falling to the bottom of the loch), about 600 sightings were reported where she was placed.[127][128] in 2005, two students claimed to have found a large tooth embedded in the body of a deer on the loch shore. they publicised the find, setting up a website, but expert analysis soon revealed that the "tooth" was the antler of a muntjac. the tooth was a publicity stunt to promote a horror novel by steve alten, the loch.[126] exotic large-animal species plesiosaur in 1933 it was suggested that the creature "bears a striking resemblance to the supposedly extinct plesiosaur",[129] a long-necked aquatic reptile which became extinct during the cretaceous–paleogene extinction event. a popular explanation at the time, the following arguments have been made against it: plesiosaurs were probably cold-blooded reptiles needing warm tropical waters; the average temperature of loch ness is only about 5.5 °c (42 °f). [130] if the plesiosaurs were warm-blooded, they would require a food supply beyond that supplied by loch ness. [131] if the plesiosaurs were warm-blooded, they would require a food supply beyond that supplied by loch ness. in an october 2006 new scientist article, "why the loch ness monster is no plesiosaur", leslie noè of the sedgwick museum in cambridge said: "the osteology of the neck makes it absolutely certain that the plesiosaur could not lift its head up swan-like out of the water". [132] article, "why the loch ness monster is no plesiosaur", leslie noè of the sedgwick museum in cambridge said: "the osteology of the neck makes it absolutely certain that the plesiosaur could not lift its head up swan-like out of the water". the loch is only about 10,000 years old, dating to the end of the last ice age. before then, it was frozen for about 20,000 years. [133] if creatures similar to plesiosaurs lived in loch ness they would be seen frequently, since they would have to surface several times a day to breathe.[95] in response to these criticisms, tim dinsdale, peter scott and roy mackal postulate a trapped marine creature which evolved from a plesiosaur directly or by convergent evolution.[134] robert rines explained that the "horns" in some sightings as breathing tubes (or nostrils), allowing it to breathe without breaking the surface. long-necked giant amphibian r. t. gould suggested a long-necked newt;[14][135] roy mackal examined the possibility, giving it the highest score (88 percent) on his list of possible candidates.[136] invertebrate in 1968 f. w. (ted) holiday proposed that nessie and other lake monsters, such as morag, may be a large invertebrate such as a bristleworm; he cited the extinct tullimonstrum as an example of the shape.[137] according to holiday, this explains the land sightings and the variable back shape; he likened it to the medieval description of dragons as "worms". although this theory was considered by mackal, he found it less convincing than eels, amphibians or plesiosaurs.[138] see also notes ^ derived from "loch ness". also a familiar form of the girl's name agnes, relatively common in scotland, e.g. the daily mirror 4 august 1932 reports the wedding of "miss nessie clark, a banffshire schoolteacher" references bibliography bauer, henry h. the enigma of loch ness: making sense of a mystery , chicago, university of illinois press, 1986 , chicago, university of illinois press, 1986 binns, ronald, the loch ness mystery solved , great britain, open books, 1983, isbn 0-7291-0139-8 and star books, 1984, isbn 0-352-31487-7 , great britain, open books, 1983, isbn 0-7291-0139-8 and star books, 1984, isbn 0-352-31487-7 binns, ronald, the loch ness mystery reloaded , london, zoilus press, 2017, isbn 9781999735906 , london, zoilus press, 2017, isbn 9781999735906 burton, maurice, the elusive monster: an analysis of the evidence from loch ness, london, rupert hart-davis, 1961 campbell, steuart. the loch ness monster – the evidence , buffalo, new york, prometheus books, 1985. , buffalo, new york, prometheus books, 1985. dinsdale, tim, loch ness monster , london, routledge & kegan paul, 1961, sbn 7100 1279 9 , london, routledge & kegan paul, 1961, sbn 7100 1279 9 harrison, paul the encyclopaedia of the loch ness monster , london, robert hale, 1999 , london, robert hale, 1999 gould, r. t., the loch ness monster and others , london, geoffrey bles, 1934 and paperback, lyle stuart, 1976, isbn 0-8065-0555-9 , london, geoffrey bles, 1934 and paperback, lyle stuart, 1976, isbn 0-8065-0555-9 holiday, f. w., the great orm of loch ness , london, faber & faber, 1968, sbn 571 08473 7 , london, faber & faber, 1968, sbn 571 08473 7 whyte, constance, more than a legend: the story of the loch ness monster, london, hamish hamilton, 1957 documentary

ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɔnˌlaɪn 23 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2008 ˈneɪʧər 454 2008 nuz ˈfiʧər ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ fæst ənd fˈjʊriəs tɪ ðə tɪˈbɛtən plæˈtoʊ. ʤeɪn rɪˈpɔrts ɔn ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əˈtɑp ðə rʊf əv ðə wərld. ɛm. ðə tɪˈbɛtən plæˈtoʊ gɪts ə lɔt lɛs əˈtɛnʃən ðən ðə ˈɑrtɪk ər æˈnɑrtɪk, bət ˈæftər ðɛm ɪt ɪz ərθs ˈlɑrʤəst stɔr əv aɪs. ənd ðə stɔr ɪz ˈmɛltɪŋ fæst. ɪn ðə pæst half-century*, 82 əv ðə ˈgleɪʃərz hæv riˈtritɪd. ɪn ðə pæst ˈdɛkeɪd, 10 əv ɪts həz dɪˈgreɪdɪd. ɛz ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz kənˈtɪnju, ər ˈivɪn ækˈsɛlərˌeɪt, ðɛr ˈifɛkts wɪl ˈrɛzəˌneɪt fɑr bɪɔnd ðə ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd plæˈtoʊ, ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪ fər ˈbɪljənz əv ˈpipəl ənd ˈɔltərɪŋ ðə ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən ˈoʊvər hæf ðə ˈplænət. ðə ˈpɪvətəl roʊl ɪz du ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli tɪ ɪts haɪt. biɪŋ ən ˈævərɪʤ əv 4 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz əˈbəv si ˈlɛvəl meɪks ɪt pɪˈkjuljərli koʊld fər ɪts ˈlætəˌtud ˈkoʊldər ðən ˈɛniˌwɛr ɛls ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈpoʊlər ˈriʤənz. ˈlɑsə, ˈkæpɪtəl əv ðə təˈbɛt ɔˈtɑnəməs ˈriʤən, ɪz baɪ tɪˈbɛtən ˈstændərdz ˈrɛlətɪvli low-lying*, æt ˈmitərz jɛt ɪt ɪz haɪər ˈivɪn ðən lɑ pɑz, bəˈlɪviə, ðə haɪəst ˈkæpɪtəl ˈsɪti əv ə ˈkəntri. ˈævərɪʤ ˈtɛmpərəʧər ɪz 8; æt ðə seɪm ˈlætəˌtud ˈhjustən, ˈtɛksəs, həz ən ˈævərɪʤ ˈtɛmpərəʧər əv 21°c*. ðə ˈæltəˌtud meɪks təˈbɛt koʊld, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ˈwɪntər; ɪts snoʊ ənd aɪs ˈkəvər, baɪ rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ˈsənˌlaɪt, meɪk ɪt ˈkoʊldər stɪl. ðə ˈvɛri bəlk əv ðə plæˈtoʊ əˈfɛkts haʊ wɪndz ˈsərkjəˌleɪt əˈbəv ɪt, ənd ɪts ˈæltəˌtud ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpleɪsɪz ðə ˈsərfəs ˈsɪmpli ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə ˈstrætəsˌfɪr ðən ɪz ˈnɔrməl. ðə ˈprɑksəmət kɔz əv ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz naʊ biɪŋ fɛlt ɔn ðə plæˈtoʊ ɪz ə raɪz ɪn ˈtɛmpərəʧər əv əp tɪ ə ˈdɛkeɪd ðət həz bɪn goʊɪŋ ɔn fər ˈfɪfti jɪrz əˈprɑksəmətli θri taɪmz ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ reɪt. ðə kˈwɛsʧənz ər haʊ məʧ mɔr ʧeɪnʤ tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər, ənd haʊ səˈvɪr ðə ˈifɛkts wɪl bi ɔn ðə ˈplænəts ˈklaɪmɪt ɛz ə hoʊl. ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ˈgloʊbəl ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ wʊd bi ˌɪnkəmˈplit wɪˈθaʊt ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɪntu kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən wəts ˈhæpənɪŋ tɪ ðə tɪˈbɛtən plateau,”*,” sɪz, ən ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ˈsaɪəntɪst æt ðə skrɪps ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ˌoʊʃəˈnɑgrəfi ɪn lɑ ˈʤoʊlə, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. pərˈhæps səˈpraɪzɪŋli ˈgɪvɪn ɪts sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns, ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə tɪˈbɛtən plæˈtoʊ ɪz stɪl ˌənfəˈmɪljər tɪ ˈmɛni ˌklɪməˈtɑləʤɪsts. wən ˈrizən ɪz ðət ðɛr ər fɑr fjuər ˈdætə əˈveɪləbəl kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ðə ˈɑrtɪk ənd æˈnɑrtɪk, wɪʧ hæv sin ə fɑr ˈgreɪtər ˈnəmbər əv ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃənz tɪ pləm ðɛr ˈsikrɪts. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈfildˌwərk ðɛr kən bi təf, ðə plæˈtoʊ ˈɔfərz ðə seɪm ˈfɪzɪkəl ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən ˈkəpəld wɪθ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈʧælənʤɪz, æt list fər ˈwɛstərn ˈrisərʧərz. riˈmoʊtnəs, haɪ ˈæltəˌtud ənd hɑrʃ ˈwɛðər kənˈdɪʃənz meɪk ˈɛni ˈrisərʧ ɔn ðə ˈriʤən ˈvɛri challenging,”*,” sɪz jaʊ, dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv tɪˈbɛtən plæˈtoʊ ˈrisərʧ, ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərd ɪn ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ, əv ðə ʧaɪˈniz əˈkædəmi əv ˈsaɪənsɪz. aɪs kɔrz biɪŋ ˈkɛrid daʊn tɪ beɪs kæmp. jaʊ ənd hɪz ˈkɑligz ʃʊd noʊ: ɪn ðə 1980s*, ðeɪ wər əˈməŋ ðə fju ˈrisərʧərz pərsəˈvɪrɪŋ ɪn ˈdɪfəkəlt fild kənˈdɪʃənz tɪ ˈgæðər ˈdætə ɔn ðə pæst ˈklaɪmɪt ˈhɪstəri. ðeɪ drɪld aɪs kɔrz, əp tɪ 300 ˈmitərz lɔŋ, frəm ˌhɪməˈleɪən ˈgleɪʃərz ˈmitərz haɪ. ɔl dən ˈmænjuəli, ənd wi hæd tɪ ˈkɛri ðɛm daʊn ðə ˈmaʊntən. ðɛr wər noʊ ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz, noʊ ˈhɛvi equipment,”*,” hi sɪz. 30, wɪθ ðə wɪnd ˈkətɪŋ θru ˈjuˈɛs laɪk ə naɪf. ɪts noʊ min feat.”*.” səʧ ɔrˈdilz sim tɪ hæv peɪd ɔf: ɪn kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ˈlɔni ˈtɑmsən əv oʊˈhaɪoʊ steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn kəˈləmbəs, ðə timz wərk ɔn ˈɑksɪʤən ˈaɪsəˌtoʊps wɪˈθɪn ðə kɔrz ˈjildɪd ðə moʊst ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈtɛmpərəʧər ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən fər ðə plæˈtoʊ, ʃoʊɪŋ ə ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl ˈwɔrmɪŋ trɛnd ðət bɪˈgæn ɪn ðə tˈwɛnˌtiɛθ ˈsɛnʧəri ənd ɪz ˈæmpləˌfaɪd æt haɪər ðɛr ˈfaɪndɪŋz ər kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ˈtɛmpərəʧər ˈrɛkərdz frəm ˌmitiˌɔrəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsteɪʃənz ðət hæv meɪd kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈmɛʒərmənts sɪns ðə [rɛf. 2 səm əv ðɪs ɪz wət ju wʊd ɪkˈspɛkt ɪn ə wərld ˌəndərˈgoʊɪŋ ˈgrinˌhaʊs ˈwɔrmɪŋ, bət ðɛr ər ˈriʤənəl ˈfæktərz ɔn ðə plæˈtoʊ ðət ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪt ðə ˈifɛkt. ɪn ˈsəmər, dəst frəm ˈriʤənəl ˈdɛzərts bloʊz təˈwɔrdz ənd əp əˈgɛnst ðə ˈnɔrðərn ənd ˈsəðərn sloʊps əv ðə plæˈtoʊ. wən ˈrisənt ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈstədi, fər ˈɪnstəns, trækt dəst ˈwɑftɪŋ ɪn frəm ðə ˈdɛzərt tɪ ðə wər ˈrɪli səˈpraɪzd tɪ faɪnd ðɪs məʧ dəst ˈoʊvər ðə plateau,”*,” sɪz hwɑŋ jianping*, ən ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ˈsaɪəntɪst æt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd lɛd ˈɔθər əv ðə ˈstədi. ðə dəst leɪərz kən riʧ ɛz haɪ ɛz 10 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz əˈbəv si ˈlɛvəl, wɛr ðeɪ boʊθ əbˈzɔrb ənd rɪˈflɛkt ˈsənˌlaɪt, ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən ðət ˈriʧɪz ðə plæˈtoʊ. kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ wɪθ ðə dəst tɪ draɪv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ər ɪˈmɪʃənz əv 'blæk ˈkɑrbən', ðə sʊt ðət rɪˈzəlts wɪn ˈpipəl kʊk wɪθ səʧ ɛz wʊd, krɑp weɪst ər dəŋ. ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˌhɪməˈleɪəs, ɪz wən əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl fər ˈjuzɪŋ ənˈmænd ˈɛrˌkræft, ənd ˈkɑligz ˈmɛʒərd ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈsənˌlaɪt əbˈzɔrbd baɪ blæk ˈkɑrbən, ənd faʊnd ðət ɪt kənˈtrɪbjuts ɛz məʧ ɛz 50 əv ðə ˈsoʊlər ˈhitɪŋ əv ðə ðə kənˈtrɪbjətər tɪ ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ˈwɔrmɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈriʤən, ˈæftər ˈkɑrbən dioxide,”*,” hi sɪz. hi ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət ðə kəmˈbaɪnd ˈifɛkt əv blæk ˈkɑrbən ənd ˈgrinˌhaʊs ˈgæsɪz meɪ bi səˈfɪʃənt tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ə ˈwɔrmɪŋ trɛnd əv pər ˈdɛkeɪd ɪn ðə ˌhɪməˈleɪəs, ˈrəfli wət həz bɪn əbˈzərvd soʊ fɑr. plumz frəm dəst stɔrmz ɪn ðə ˈdɛzərt, səʧ ɛz ðɪs wən ɪn ʤun 2005 kən riʧ ðə tɪˈbɛtən plæˈtoʊ ənd əˈfɛkt ðə ˈklaɪmɪt ðɛr. ˈræpɪd rɪˈspɑns tim wɪn blæk ˈkɑrbən ˈsɛtəlz ɔn ˌhɪməˈleɪən ˈgleɪʃərz, ɪt ðə snoʊ ənd aɪs soʊ ðət ðeɪ əbˈzɔrb mɔr hit ənd bɪˈkəm ˈwɔrmər. ˈmɛltɪŋ ˈsizənz ɔn ðə plæˈtoʊ naʊ bɪˈgɪn ˈərliər ənd læst longer,”*,” sɪz zu əv ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv tɪˈbɛtən plæˈtoʊ ˈrisərʧ. ˈgleɪʃərz æt ðə ɛʤ əv ðə plæˈtoʊ tɛnd tɪ mɛlt mɔr ðən ðoʊz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl; wən ˈstədi, fər ˈɪnstəns, ʃoʊd ðət ˈgleɪʃərz ɪn ðə ˈistərn pɑrt əv ðə ˈmaʊntənz riˈtritɪd baɪ 17 ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 30 jɪrz, wɪʧ ɪz tɛn taɪmz ˈfæstər ðən ðoʊz ɪn ðə ˈsɛntrəl plæˈtoʊ. ɪf ˈkɑrənt trɛnz hoʊld, ˌtuˈθərdz əv ðə plæˈtoʊ ˈgleɪʃərz kʊd bi gɔn baɪ 2050 sɪz jaʊ. flədz ənd draʊts ðə ˈmɛltɪŋ ˈgleɪʃərz ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ liv bɪˈhaɪnd ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈgleɪʃəl leɪks, ɪn wɪʧ ˈmɛltˌwɔtər pɑndz bɪˈhaɪnd ə dæm əv dəˈbri lɛft baɪ ðə riˈtritɪŋ aɪs təŋ. ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd 34 səʧ ˈgleɪʃəl leɪks ɔn ðə ˈnɔrðərn sloʊps əv ðə ˌhɪməˈleɪəs, ənd 20 ˈaʊtˌbərst flədz hæv bɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪd ɪn ðə pæst 50 jɪrz. ðə rɪsk əv flədz, ðoʊ, ɪz bət ə ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈdeɪnʤər fɑr ɪkˈsidɪd baɪ ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈɪʃuz wɪθ ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪz əˈtɑp ðə plæˈtoʊ. ˈrəˌnɔf frəm ðə ˈriʤənz ˈmaʊntənz fidz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈrɪvərz əˈkrɔs ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈjæŋktˈsi, ˈjɛloʊ, ˈmeɪkɑŋ, ˈgænʤiz ənd ˈɪndəs ˈrɪvərz. ɪf ˈgleɪʃərz kənˈtɪnju tɪ riˈtrit ənd ʃrɪŋks əˈtɑp ðə plæˈtoʊ, ðə ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪz əv ˈbɪljənz əv ˈpipəl wɪl bi ɪn ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl θɔ əv wʊd rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðə lɔs əv ɪts ˈwɔtər ˈkɑntɛnt ənd ˈtrɪgər ən ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkəl catastrophe.”*.” hwɑ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ æt rɪsk, ɛz ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈtɛmpərəʧərz kɔz ðə 'ˈæktɪv' graʊnd leɪər wɪʧ ˈfrizɪz ənd θɔz ˈɛvəri jɪr tɪ ˈθɪkən. ðət, ɪn tərn, əˈfɛkts haʊ hit ənd ˈmɔɪsʧər floʊ bɪtˈwin ðə graʊnd ənd ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr, ˈfərðər pərˈtərbɪŋ ðə ˌdɛgrəˈdeɪʃən əv wɪl nɑt ˈoʊnli pʊt ðə ˈreɪlˌweɪ æt bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɛnˈdeɪnʤərz ðə ˈælˌpaɪn ˈikoʊˌsɪstəmz, wɪʧ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn tɪ træp ˈwɔtər ɪn ðə leɪərz əv sɔɪl tɪ əˈlaʊ plænts tɪ θraɪv æt ən ˈæltəˌtud ðət wʊd ˈəðərˌwaɪz bi tu ˈhɑstəl fər ðɛm. ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl θɔ əv wʊd rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðə lɔs əv ɪts ˈwɔtər ˈkɑntɛnt ənd ˈtrɪgər ən ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkəl catastrophe,”*,” sɪz hwɑ, ˈdɛpjəti dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəl ˈsaɪənsɪz ənd ˈnæʧərəl ˈrisɔrsɪz ˈrisərʧ ɪn ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ. ɛz stɔrz ˌwənˈθərd əv ðə wərldz sɔɪl ˈkɑrbən, ˌvɛʤəˈteɪʃən lɔs wʊd lɛd tɪ ə juʤ əˈmaʊnt əv ˈkɑrbən ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr, ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪtɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ. kəmˈpitɪŋ ˈfɔrsɪz wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðə tɪˈbɛtən plæˈtoʊ ɪz ˌəndərˈgoʊɪŋ ə ˈwɔrmɪŋ ˈklaɪmɪt, riˈtritɪŋ ˈgleɪʃərz, dɪˈgreɪdɪŋ ənd ˈælˌpaɪn ˈikoʊˌsɪstəmz wət ər ðə ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə ˈriʤənəl ənd ˈgloʊbəl ˈklaɪmɪt? ðə fərst ənd moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈvɪktɪm kʊd bi ðə ˈɪndiən mɑnˈsun. ðɪs strɔŋ ˈsizənəl wɪnd rɪˈzəlts frəm ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn ðə ˈθərməl ˈprɑpərtiz bɪtˈwin lænd ənd ˈoʊʃən. ɪn ˈsəmər, ðə væst lænd ɪn ˈeɪʒə hits əp mɔr ðən ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ə ˈprɛʃər ˈgreɪdiənt ənd ðə floʊ əv ðə ɛr ənd ˈmɔɪsʧər frəm ðə ˈoʊʃən. ðə raɪz əv ðə tɪˈbɛtən plæˈtoʊ ˈstɑrtɪŋ 50 ˈmɪljən jɪrz əˈgoʊ (si 'ˈlɪftɪŋ ðə rʊf əv ðə wərld') ɪz θɔt tɪ hæv ˈstrɛŋθənd ðɪs ˈifɛkt. ɛz ðə lænd ˈsərfəs əbˈzɔrbz mɔr ˈsənˌlaɪt ðən ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr, ðə plæˈtoʊ kriˈeɪts ə væst ˈɛriə əv ˈsərfəs ˈwɔrmər ðən ðə ɛr æt ðət ˌɛləˈveɪʃən, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə ˈprɛʃər ˈgreɪdiənt ənd ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪɪŋ ðə mɑnˈsun. səm ˈklaɪmɪt ˈmɑdəlz ʃoʊ ðət ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ wʊd lɛd tɪ ə ˈgreɪtər ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə ˈsərfəs ˈtɛmpərəʧər ðən ˈoʊvər ðə ˈoʊʃən, ðəs ˈɔgˌmɛntɪŋ ðə mɑnˈsun. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, səm ˈmɑdəlz səˈʤɛst ðət ˈɛrəˌsɑlz ðət əbˈzɔrb ˈsoʊlər ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən, ənd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn lænd juz ɪn ðə ˈriʤən, kʊd ˈwikən ðə mɑnˈsun. ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti əv ðə mɑnˈsun ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ dɪˈpɛnd ɔn wɪʧ əv ðiz tu kəmˈpitɪŋ ˈfɔrsɪz dominates,”*,” sɪz. noʊ ˈmætər wət ðə ˈkɔzɪz ər, səm ˈstədiz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðə ˈwikənɪŋ fɔrs meɪ bi prɪˈveɪlɪŋ, ər həz prɪˈveɪld fər æt list ðə pæst θri ˈsɛnʧəriz. dwæn keqin*, əv ðə koʊld ənd ˈɛrəd ˈriʤənz ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ˈrisərʧ ˈɪnstɪˌtut ɪn, ənd hɪz ˈkɑligz ˌrikənˈstrəktɪd ə ˈhɪstəri əv snoʊ əˌkjumjəˈleɪʃən baɪ aɪs kɔrz frəm ðə ðeɪ bɪˈliv ðə aɪs ðɛr prɪˈzərvz ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪt əv mɑnˈsun ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˌhɪməˈleɪəs. faʊnd ðət ðə ˈwɔrmər ɪt wɑz, ðə ˈwikər ðə monsoon,”*,” sɪz dwæn. ɔn ˈævərɪʤ, ə ˈtɛmpərəʧər ˌɪnˈkris əv wɑz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ə ˈdiˌkris əv 100 ˈmɪləˌmitərz ɪn snoʊ əˌkjumjəˈleɪʃən. bət ˈsɪmələr ˈstədiz ɔn ˈəðər pɑrts əv ðə plæˈtoʊ ər ˈnidɪd tɪ kənˈfərm ðə rɪˈzəlts, hi noʊts. ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən mɑnˈsun ər nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli θrɛt ɪn ˈeɪʒə tɪ ðə ˈgloʊbəl climate,”*,” ædz rɔŋ fu əv ðə ˈʤɔrʤə ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪn æˈtlæntə. hər ˈrisərʧ ʃoʊz ðət kənˈvɛkʃən ˈoʊvər ðə tɪˈbɛtən plæˈtoʊ kən ˈtrænspɔrt ˈwɔtər ənd pəˈlutənts tɪ ðə ðə ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk leɪər ðət ɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli əˈbəv ðə ənd kənˈteɪnz moʊst əv ðə ərθs ˈoʊˌzoʊn. strɔŋ, ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl wɪnd ɪn ðə ˈstrætəsˌfɪr kʊd ðɛn sprɛd ðə ˈwɔtər ənd pəˈlutənts globally,”*,” sɪz fu. jaʊ ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə ˈgleɪʃər. ˈwɔtər həz ə ˈstrɔŋgər ˈgrinˌhaʊs ˈifɛkt ðən ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd pər ˈmɑləˌkjul, bət ɪt ˈnɔrməli ˈriʧɪz noʊ haɪər ðən ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈstrætəsˌfɪr. ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈdɪfərənt ˈoʊvər ðə plæˈtoʊ, ˈoʊvər wɪʧ ðə kənˈvɛkʃən leɪər ɪz ˈʃɪftɪd səm 6 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz ˈfərðər əp soʊ ðət ɪts tɔp ˈbaʊndəri ɪz əraʊnd 18 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz əp, ɪn ðə loʊər ˈstrætəsˌfɪr. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə ɪz ˈθɪnər ˈoʊvər ðə plæˈtoʊ, ənd ðə hit ɪˈmɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈsərfəs kən riʧ haɪər ənd meɪk ðə ɛr ˈwɔrmər æt ðə beɪs əv ðə ˈstrætəsˌfɪr. mɔr ˈwɔtər ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪt tɪ ðə ˈstrætəsˌfɪr wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ ˈfroʊzən ər precipitated,”*,” sɪz fu. ˈwɔrmər ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ˈoʊvər ðə plæˈtoʊ kən rɪˈzəltɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrist ˈgleɪʃəl ˈmɛltɪŋ ənd ˈtrænspɔrt wɪʧ, ɪn tərn, ˈkɔzɪz strɔŋ kənˈvɛkʃən ənd lɪfts ˈivɪn mɔr ˈwɔtər əp. ˈvɛri ˈwəriɪŋ tɪ θɪŋk ðət ə lɔt əv ɪt meɪ riʧ ðə stratosphere,”*,” ʃi sɪz. ““worrying”*”, ˌɪnˈdid, bɛst ˈkæpʧərz ðə mud əv ˈrisərʧərz hu wərk ɔn ðə tɪˈbɛtən plæˈtoʊ. ðeɪ ər kin tɪ ˈəndərˌteɪk ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl, ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈstədiz ənd tɪ kəˈlɛkt ɛz ˈmɛni ˈdætə ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. noʊ soʊ ˈlɪtəl əˈbaʊt ɪt ənd ˌəndərˈstænd ɪt ˈivɪn less,”*,” sɪz jaʊ. wən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈstədi ɪz tɪ ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ɔl ðə ˈgleɪʃərz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə, rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks səʧ ɛz ðɛr loʊˈkeɪʃən, ˈɛriə, lɛŋθ, ˈθɪknəs ənd ðə pəˈzɪʃən əv ðə snoʊ laɪn. ə ˈsɪmələr ˈsərˌveɪ wɑz kənˈdəktəd bɪtˈwin 1978 ənd 2002 wɪʧ ˈsaɪəntɪsts bɪˈliv kʊd sərv ɛz ə ˈrɛfərəns pɔɪnt tɪ rɪˈvil ˈɛni ˈmeɪʤər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, kənˈtɪnju tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ənd ˈkloʊsli ˈmɑnətər pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈgleɪʃəl leɪks ɪn hoʊps əv ˈhɛdɪŋ ɔf ˈɛni pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈaʊtˌbərst flədz. kwɪk weɪ aʊt ɪˈmɪʃənz əv ˈgrinˌhaʊs ˈgæsɪz ənd blæk ˈkɑrbən ʃʊd bi ðə tɔp priority.”*.” zu ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈəðərz ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ˈbɪgər ˈpɪkʧər əv haʊ tɪ ˈtækəl pəˈluʃən ˈprɑbləmz ɪn ˈeɪʒə. ɪˈmɪʃənz əv ˈgrinˌhaʊs ˈgæsɪz ənd blæk ˈkɑrbən ʃʊd bi ðə tɔp priority,”*,” sɪz zu. ˈrɛkənz ðət ˈkətɪŋ daʊn ɔn ɪˈmɪʃənz kʊd bi ə weɪ aʊt əv ðə mess”*”, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ɪts ɪn ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr ɪz əˈbaʊt deɪz kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ðə əv ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd. hɪz ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃənz səˈʤɛst ðət, ʤɪst baɪ riˈmuvɪŋ trəˈdɪʃənəl weɪz əv ˈkʊkɪŋ wɪθ wʊd, dəŋ ənd krɑp ˈrɛzəˌduz, səm əv ðə ɪˈmɪʃənz wʊd bi gɔn. ðɪs kʊd bi ˌʃɔrtˈtərm fɪks, ə frut ðət ɪz məʧ ˈʧipər ənd faster”*” ðən rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd, hi sɪz. ki ɪz tɪ gɪv ˈvɪlɪʤərz ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈbɛtər fɔrmz əv energy.”*.” ɪn ðə ɛnd, ðə tɪˈbɛtən plæˈtoʊ meɪ bi ə ˈkruʃəl ˈtɛstɪŋ graʊnd fər haʊ ˈjumənz ənd ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt kəˈlaɪd ɪn ə ˈgloʊbəli wɔrmd wərld. kən ðə wərldz θərd poʊl bi seɪvd? hoʊp ðət ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðə plæˈtoʊ ɪz goʊɪŋ θru ər ˈoʊnli transient,”*,” sɪz jaʊ. wi du əˈbaʊt ðɛm ˈprɑbəˌbli wɪl dɪˈtərmən wəts goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən tɪ ɪt ɪn ðə future.”*.” ʤeɪn raɪts fər ˈneɪʧər frəm ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ. si ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl, peɪʤ 367 ənd nuz ˈfiʧər, peɪʤ 384 fər ə ˈpɔdˌkæst ənd mɔr ɔn ˈʧaɪnə si www.nature.com/news/specials/china*/

published online 23 july 2008 | nature 454, 393-396 (2008) | doi:10.1038/454393a news feature climate change is coming fast and furious to the tibetan plateau. jane qiu reports on the changes atop the roof of the world. m. everton/corbis the tibetan plateau gets a lot less attention than the arctic or antarctic, but after them it is earth's largest store of ice. and the store is melting fast. in the past half-century, 82% of the plateau's glaciers have retreated. in the past decade, 10% of its permafrost has degraded. as the changes continue, or even accelerate, their effects will resonate far beyond the isolated plateau, changing the water supply for billions of people and altering the atmospheric circulation over half the planet. the plateau's pivotal role is due almost entirely to its height. being an average of 4 kilometres above sea level makes it peculiarly cold for its latitude — colder than anywhere else outside the polar regions. lhasa, capital of the tibet autonomous region, is by tibetan standards relatively low-lying, at 3,650 metres — yet it is higher even than la paz, bolivia, the highest capital city of a country. lhasa's year-round average temperature is 8 °c; at the same latitude houston, texas, has an average temperature of 21°c. the altitude makes tibet cold, especially in winter; its snow and ice cover, by reflecting sunlight, make it colder still. the very bulk of the plateau affects how winds circulate above it, and its altitude also places the surface simply closer to the stratosphere than is normal. the proximate cause of the changes now being felt on the plateau is a rise in temperature of up to 0.3 °c a decade that has been going on for fifty years — approximately three times the global warming rate. the questions are how much more change to expect in the future, and how severe the effects will be on the planet's climate as a whole. “our understanding of global climate change would be incomplete without taking into consideration what's happening to the tibetan plateau,” says veerabhadran ramanathan, an atmospheric scientist at the scripps institution of oceanography in la jolla, california. perhaps surprisingly given its significance, the potential impact of the tibetan plateau is still unfamiliar to many climatologists. one reason is that there are far fewer data available compared with the arctic and antarctic, which have seen a far greater number of scientific expeditions to plumb their secrets. although fieldwork there can be tough, the plateau offers the same physical isolation coupled with political challenges, at least for western researchers. “the plateau's remoteness, high altitude and harsh weather conditions make any research on the region very challenging,” says yao tandong, director of the institute of tibetan plateau research, headquartered in beijing, of the chinese academy of sciences. ice cores being carried down to base camp. yao and his colleagues should know: in the 1980s, they were among the few researchers persevering in difficult field conditions to gather data on the plateau's past climate history. they drilled ice cores, up to 300 metres long, from himalayan glaciers 7,200 metres high. “it's all done manually, and we had to carry them down the mountain. there were no helicopters, no heavy equipment,” he says. “it's -30 °c, with the wind cutting through us like a knife. it's no mean feat.” such ordeals seem to have paid off: in collaboration with glaciologist lonnie thompson of ohio state university in columbus, the team's work on oxygen isotopes within the cores yielded the most comprehensive temperature reconstruction for the plateau, showing a large-scale warming trend that began in the twentieth century and is amplified at higher elevations1. their findings are consistent with temperature records from meteorological stations that have made continuous measurements since the 1950s [ref. 2]. some of this is what you would expect in a world undergoing greenhouse warming, but there are regional factors on the plateau that exacerbate the effect. in summer, dust from regional deserts blows towards and up against the northern and southern slopes of the plateau. one recent satellite study, for instance, tracked dust wafting in from the taklamakan desert to the north3. “we were really surprised to find this much dust over the plateau,” says huang jianping, an atmospheric scientist at lanzhou university and lead author of the study. the dust layers can reach as high as 10 kilometres above sea level, where they both absorb and reflect sunlight, changing the amount of radiation that reaches the plateau. combining with the dust to drive climate change are emissions of 'black carbon', the soot that results when people cook with biofuels such as wood, crop waste or dung. southeast asia, including the himalayas, is one of the global hotspots for black-carbon emissions4. using unmanned aircraft, ramanathan and colleagues measured the amount of sunlight absorbed by black carbon, and found that it contributes as much as 50% of the solar heating of the air5. “it's the second-largest contributor to atmospheric warming in the region, after carbon dioxide,” he says. he estimates that the combined effect of black carbon and greenhouse gases may be sufficient to account for a warming trend of 0.25 °c per decade in the himalayas, roughly what has been observed so far. plumes from dust storms in the taklamakan desert, such as this one in june 2005, can reach the tibetan plateau and affect the climate there. nasa/modis rapid response team when black carbon settles on himalayan glaciers, it darkens the snow and ice so that they absorb more heat and become warmer. “the melting seasons on the plateau now begin earlier and last longer,” says xu baiqing of the institute of tibetan plateau research. glaciers at the edge of the plateau tend to melt more than those in the middle; one study, for instance, showed that glaciers in the eastern part of the kunlun mountains retreated by 17% over the past 30 years, which is ten times faster than those in the central plateau. if current trends hold, two-thirds of the plateau glaciers could be gone by 2050, says yao. floods and droughts the melting glaciers are starting to leave behind dangerous glacial lakes, in which meltwater ponds behind a dam of debris left by the retreating ice tongue. scientists have identified 34 such glacial lakes on the northern slopes of the himalayas, and 20 outburst floods have been recorded in the past 50 years. the risk of floods, though, is but a short-term danger far exceeded by long-term issues with water supplies atop the plateau. runoff from the region's mountains feeds the largest rivers across southeast asia, including the yangtze, yellow, mekong, ganges and indus rivers. if glaciers continue to retreat and snowpack shrinks atop the plateau, the water supplies of billions of people will be in danger6. “a large-scale thaw of permafrost would result in the loss of its water content and trigger an ecological catastrophe.” ouyang hua permafrost is also at risk, as rising temperatures cause the 'active' ground layer — which freezes and thaws every year — to thicken. that, in turn, affects how heat and moisture flow between the ground and the atmosphere, further perturbing the system7. degradation of permafrost will not only put the qinghai–tibet railway at risk8, but also endangers the plateau's alpine ecosystems, which rely on permafrost to trap water in the topmost layers of soil to allow plants to thrive at an altitude that would otherwise be too hostile for them. “a large-scale thaw of permafrost would result in the loss of its water content and trigger an ecological catastrophe,” says ouyang hua, deputy director of the institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research in beijing. as permafrost stores one-third of the world's soil carbon, vegetation loss would lead to a huge amount of carbon entering the atmosphere, exacerbating global warming. competing forces with all the changes the tibetan plateau is undergoing — a warming climate, retreating glaciers, degrading permafrost and alpine ecosystems — what are the implications for the regional and global climate? the first and most important victim could be the indian monsoon. this strong seasonal wind results from differences in the thermal properties between land and ocean. in summer, the vast land in asia heats up more than the indian ocean, leading to a pressure gradient and the flow of the air and moisture from the ocean. the rise of the tibetan plateau starting 50 million years ago (see 'lifting the roof of the world') is thought to have strengthened this effect. as the land surface absorbs more sunlight than the atmosphere, the plateau creates a vast area of surface warmer than the air at that elevation, thereby increasing the land–ocean pressure gradient and intensifying the monsoon. some climate models show that global warming would lead to a greater increase in the plateau's surface temperature than over the ocean, thus augmenting the monsoon. on the other hand, some models suggest that aerosols that absorb solar radiation, and changes in land use in the region, could weaken the monsoon. “the intensity of the monsoon is likely to depend on which of these two competing forces dominates,” says ramanathan. no matter what the causes are, some studies indicate that the weakening force may be prevailing, or has prevailed for at least the past three centuries. duan keqin, of the cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute in lanzhou, and his colleagues reconstructed a 300-year history of snow accumulation by analysing ice cores from the dasuopu glacier9. they believe the ice there preserves an estimate of monsoon variations in the himalayas. “we found that the warmer it was, the weaker the monsoon,” says duan. on average, a temperature increase of 0.1 °c was associated with a decrease of 100 millimetres in snow accumulation. but similar studies on other parts of the plateau are needed to confirm the results, he notes. “changes in the indian monsoon are not the only threat in asia to the global climate,” adds rong fu of the georgia institute of technology in atlanta. her research shows that convection over the tibetan plateau can transport water vapour and pollutants to the stratosphere10, the atmospheric layer that is immediately above the troposphere and contains most of the earth's ozone. “the strong, horizontal wind in the stratosphere could then spread the water vapour and pollutants globally,” says fu. yao tandong working on a glacier. water vapour has a stronger greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide per molecule, but it normally reaches no higher than 1–2 kilometres below the stratosphere. the situation is different over the plateau, over which the convection layer is shifted some 6 kilometres further up so that its top boundary is around 18 kilometres up, in the lower stratosphere. in addition, the troposphere is thinner over the plateau, and the heat emitted by the surface can reach higher and make the air warmer at the base of the stratosphere. “so more water vapour is able to get to the stratosphere without being frozen or precipitated,” says fu. warmer temperatures over the plateau can resulting increased glacial melting and water-vapour transport — which, in turn, causes strong convection and lifts even more water vapour up. “it's very worrying to think that a lot of it may reach the stratosphere,” she says. “worrying”, indeed, best captures the mood of researchers who work on the tibetan plateau. they are keen to undertake large-scale, comprehensive studies and to collect as many data as possible. “we know so little about it and understand it even less,” says yao. one ongoing study is to document all the glaciers in china, recording characteristics such as their location, area, length, thickness and the position of the snow line. a similar survey was conducted between 1978 and 2002, which scientists believe could serve as a reference point to reveal any major changes. in addition, glaciologists continue to identify and closely monitor potentially dangerous glacial lakes in hopes of heading off any potential outburst floods. quick way out “reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and black carbon should be the top priority.” xu baiqing meanwhile, others focus on the bigger picture of how to tackle pollution problems in asia. “reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and black carbon should be the top priority,” says xu. ramanathan reckons that cutting down on black-carbon emissions could be a “quick way out of the mess”, given that its half-life in the atmosphere is about 15–20 days compared with the century-scale half-life of carbon dioxide. his simulations suggest that, just by removing traditional ways of cooking with wood, dung and crop residues, some 40–60% of the black-carbon emissions would be gone. this could be “a short-term fix, a low-hanging fruit that is much cheaper and faster” than reducing carbon dioxide, he says. “the key is to give villagers access to better forms of energy.” in the end, the tibetan plateau may be a crucial testing ground for how humans and the environment collide in a globally warmed world. can the world's third pole be saved? “let's hope that the changes the plateau is going through are only transient,” says yao. “what we do about them probably will determine what's going to happen to it in the future.” jane qiu writes for nature from beijing. see editorial, page 367, and news feature, page 384. for a podcast and more on china see www.nature.com/news/specials/china/

ðə muv baɪ ˈfiʤi ˈwɔtər tɪ stɑp ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ˈneɪʃən ðət geɪv ðə ˈpɑpjələr brænd ɪts neɪm, ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈdəzənt kɛr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkəntri, ˈfiʤiz ˈɪnərəm praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər sɪz. ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni, oʊnd baɪ ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˌɑntrəprəˈnərz ˈlɪndə ənd stuərt ˈrɛznɪk, sɛd ɪt wɑz ˈkloʊzɪŋ ɪts fəˈsɪlɪti ɪn ˈfiʤi, ˈkænsəlɪŋ ˈɔrdərz frəm səˈplaɪərz ənd ˈpʊtɪŋ ɔn hoʊld ˈsɛvərəl kənˈstrəkʃən ˈkɑnˌtrækts ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. ˈfiʤi ˈwɔtər meɪd ðə kɔl tɪ pʊl ðə pɪn bɪˈkəz ðeɪd bɪn ˈsɪŋgəld aʊt fər ə ˈmæsɪv tæks ˌɪnˈkris baɪ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈpɔɪntɪd ˈgəvərnmənt lɛd baɪ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər fræŋk. ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈkɑməˌdɔr sɛd ˈfiʤi ˈwɔtər hæd ənˈfɛrli ðə saʊθ pəˈsɪfɪk ˈkəntri. "ɛz ˈjuʒəwəl ˈfiʤi ˈwɔtər həz əˈdɑptəd ˈtæktɪks ðət ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðət ˈfiʤi ˈwɔtər dɪz nɑt kɛr əˈbaʊt ˈfiʤi ər ˈfɪʤiənz," ˈkɑməˌdɔr sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt.

the move by fiji water to stop operating in the pacific nation that gave the popular brand its name, indicates the company doesn't care about the country, fiji's interim prime minister says. on monday, the company, owned by california entrepreneurs lynda and stewart resnick, said it was closing its facility in fiji, cancelling orders from suppliers and putting on hold several construction contracts in the country. fiji water made the call to pull the pin because they'd been singled out for a massive tax increase by the military appointed government - led by self-appointed prime minister frank bainimarama. on tuesday, commodore bainimarama said fiji water had unfairly criticised the south pacific country. "as usual fiji water has adopted tactics that demonstrate that fiji water does not care about fiji or fijians," commodore bainimarama said in a statement.

wət ðə sɪz əˈbaʊt ˈjuˈɛs ɛz ə soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪz wərs ðən ˈɛni kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪri baɪ ˈwɪli ˈsteɪli wən əv moʊst dɪˈvaɪsɪv ˈprɑdəkts, ðə, meɪd ɪts rɪˈtərn læst wik. fər θri ˈdɛkeɪdz, ðə ˈsænwɪʧ həz kəm ɪn ənd aʊt əv ɪgˈzɪstəns, ˈpɑpɪŋ əp ɪn ˈsərtən ˈriʤənəl ˈmɑrkɪts fər ʃɔrt pərˈmoʊʃənz, ðɛn riˈtritɪŋ ˈəndərˌgraʊnd tɪ ɪts ˈpɔrki lɛr ˈoʊnli tɪ bi rɪˈvaɪvd wəns əˈgɛn fər ˈrizənz ˈnɛvər meɪd ɪnˈtaɪərli klɪr. iʧ taɪm ɪt roʊlz aʊt ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd, ˈpipəl məst əˈgɛn kənˈsɪdər ðɪs streɪnʤ ənd ɪˈlusɪv ˈprɑdəkt, huz juˈnik fɔrm sɛts ɪt dip ɪn ðə ənˈkæni ˈvæli ənd ɪgˈzæktli waɪ ɪts ɪgˈzɪstəns ɪz soʊ ˈflitɪŋ. ðə wɑz ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ səm ˈsɔrsəz ənd wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ˈfɔrmər ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ʃɛf rəˈneɪ ərˈɛnd, ðə seɪm mæn hu ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd ðə ˈʧɪkən mcnugget*. riˈkɑnstəˌtutɪd, ˈveɪgli mit wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ əv ə ˈspɛʃəlti fər ərˈɛnd, ɪt simz. ənd ðoʊ ðə ˈsænwɪʧ ɪz meɪd əv pɔrk ˈʃoʊldər riˈkɑnstəˌtutɪd pɔrk sˈləri, ɪt ɪz prɛst ˈɪntu ˈpætiz ðət ˈoʊnli sɔrt əv rɪˈzɛmbəl ə ˈrɛndərɪŋ əv wət hi hæd æt ˈtoʊni wɪθ hɪz ˈgræni læst ˈwiˌkɪnd. ðiz ˈpætiz sɪt ɪn wɔrm təbz əv ˈbɑrbɪˌkju sɔs ˌbiˈfɔr ən ˈɔrdər kəmz əp ɔn ðoʊz ˈlɪtəl skrinz ðət lʊk ˈnɪrli ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ rɛd, æt wɪʧ pɔɪnt ɪt ɪz pleɪst ɔn ə ˈsɛsəmi sid roʊl ənd tɑpt wɪθ ˈpɪkəl ʧɪps ənd ʧɑpt waɪt ˈənjən. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ biɪŋ ðə ˈoʊnli ˈsizənəl ˈspɛʃəl ənd ðə ˈoʊnli ˈaɪtəm æt ˈmeɪbi ˈɛni əˈmɛrɪkən fæst fud ʧeɪn, ðə ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈoʊnli ˈɑblɔŋ ˈɔfərɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz ˈkjʊriəs, tu kən meɪk fud ˈɪntu ˌwəˈtɛvər ʃeɪp ɪt wɔnts: skwɛrz, ˈnəgəts, ˈfləriz! waɪ ˈbɑðər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə nid fər ə nu kaɪnd əv bən? ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl əˈtrɪˌbjuts əv ðə ˈsænwɪʧ ˈoʊnli æd tɪ ðə ˈvɪsərəl rɪˈvəlʃən səm hæv tɪ ðə ˈprɑdəkt ðə seɪm ˈprɑdəkt ðət ˈəðərz wɪl draɪv ˈhənərdz əv maɪəlz tɪ ˈseɪvər. bət ˈmɛni ˈpipəl, ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˌɪnˈkludɪd, bɪˈliv ðət ɔl ðiz θɪŋz ðə ˈækʧəwəl prɪˈzuməbli ɪnˈtaɪərli ɔrˈgænɪk ˈmætər ðət goʊz ˈɪntu ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ər ˈsəmˈwət ˈsɛkənˌdɛri tɪ ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns. ðɪs ɪz wɛr wi ˈɛnər ðə lænd əv kənˈʤɛkʧərz, kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz ənd dɑrk, murmurings*. ðə juˈnik ˈæˌspɛkts ənd, ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs bɪˈliv, meɪk ɪt sim ə ˈlaɪkli ˈkænədɪt fər biɪŋ ə sɔrt əv ˈɑrbɪˌtrɑʒ ˈstrætəʤi ɔn pɑrt. ˈkɔlɪŋ ə fæst fud ˈsænwɪʧ ən ˈɑrbɪˌtrɑʒ ˈstrætəʤi ɪz pərˈhæps ə bɪt əv ə riʧ bət kənˈsɪdər haʊ ˈmæsɪv ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ˈɪnfluəns ɪz, ənd ɪt bɪˈkəmz ə bɪt mɔr ˈrizənəbəl. ˈɑrbɪˌtrɑʒ ɪz ə weɪ əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈməni baɪ ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə praɪs əv ə ˈgɪvɪn gʊd ɔn tu ˈdɪfərənt ˈmɑrkɪts ðə prəˈvərbiəl fri lənʧ ju wər toʊld ɪgˈzɪst. ɪn ðɪs ɪkˈweɪʒən, ðə ˈəndərˌvæljud gʊd ɪn kˈwɛʃən ɪz hɑg mit, ənd ˈɛkˌsplɔɪts ðə ˈvælju ˌdɪfərˈɛnʃəl bɪtˈwin kæʃ praɪs ɔn ðə kəˈmɑdətiz ˈmɑrkɪt ənd ɪn ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈmɑrkɪt. ɪf ju ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə fækt ðət ðɪs ɪz, baɪ ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən, nɑt ˈɑrbɪˌtrɑʒ bɪˈkəz ðə ɪz ə ˈprɑdəkt, ənd ðət ðɛr ɪz rɪsk ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə pleɪs, ðɪs kən lɛd tɪ səm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ kənˈkluʒənz. (ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ soʊ ˈrɛkləs, ðɛn stɑp hir.) ðə ˈθɪri ðət ðə ɪˈlusɪvnəs ɪz ə dɪˈrɛkt rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˈveɪgəriz əv ðə kæʃ praɪs fər hɑg mit ɪn ðə steɪts ɪz ˈsɪmpəl: ɪn ðɪs ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ðə ˈprɑdəkt ɪz ˈoʊnli ˌɪntrəˈdust wɪn pɔrk ˈpraɪsɪz ər loʊ ɪˈnəf tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr kən tərn ə ˈprɑfɪt ɔn ðə ˈprɑdəkt. ðə ˈθɪri ɪz əˈspɛʃəli kənˈvɪnsɪŋ ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈstætəs ɛz ðə ˈoʊnli fæst fud pɔrk ˈaɪtəm: waɪ ðɛr bi ə pɔrk ˈsænwɪʧ ɪn ˈɛvəri ʧeɪn, ɪf ɪt wər ˈprɑfətəbəl? fæst fud ˌɪnˈvɑlvz boʊθ ˈhɪdiəsli ˈvaɪələnt ɪˈkɑnəmiz əv skeɪl ənd sæd, sæd ɛnd ˈjuzərz hu ˌvɑlənˈtɪr tɪ bi ˈteɪkən ædˈvæntɪʤ əv. wət meɪks ðə ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðɪs ˈɛvriˈdeɪ ˈhɔrər ɪz ðət ə) ɪz juʤ tɪ ðə pɔɪnt ðət mɔr ˈjusfəl tɪ θɪŋk əv ɪt ɛz ə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈtreɪdɪŋ ɪn kəˈmɑdətiz ðən ɪt ɪz tɪ θɪŋk əv ɪt ɛz ə ʧeɪn əv ˈrɛˌstrɑnts bi) ɪt ɪz meɪd əv pɔrk, wɪʧ meɪks ɪt ə juˈnik ˈprɑdəkt ɪn ðə wərld ənd si) ɪt ɪz ˈoʊnli əˈveɪləbəl ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, bət rɪfˈjuzɪz tɪ goʊ əˈweɪ ɪnˈtaɪərli. ɪf ju kən ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðət ˈoʊnli ˌɪntrəˈdusɪz ðə ˈsænwɪʧ wɪn pɔrk ˈpraɪsɪz ər loʊər ðən ˈjuʒəwəl, ðɛn bət ə ˈkəpəl ˈlɑʤɪkəl stɛps frəm kənˈkludɪŋ ðət ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ ə ˈmɑrkɪt ɪmˈbæləns bɪtˈwin wət ˈnɔrməl fud prəˈdusərz ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ peɪ fər hɑg mit æt ˈsərtən taɪmz əv ðə jɪr, ənd wət əˈmɛrɪkənz ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ peɪ fər ɪt wəns ɪt ɪz ˈprɑsɛst, ˈmoʊldɪd ˈɪntu ˌænəˈtɑmɪkəl ʃeɪps, ənd sˈlæðərd ɪn ˈbɑrbɪˌkju sɔs. ðə wɑz, æt list ɪn pɑrt, bɔrn aʊt əv ðə brut fɔrs ðət ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ɪgˈzərtɪŋ ɔn kəˈmɑdətiz ˈmɑrkɪts. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɪs ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈsænwɪʧ, ʃɛf ərˈɛnd kriˈeɪtɪd ðə bɪˈkəz ˈsɪmpli kʊd nɑt faɪnd ɪˈnəf ˈʧɪkənz tɪ tərn ˈɪntu ðə məkˈnəgəts fər wɪʧ ðɛr ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz wər ˈklæmərɪŋ. ʃɛf ərˈɛnd ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ soʊ ˈpɑpjələr ðət hɪz ɪmˈplɔɪər kʊd nɑt ˈivɪn faɪnd ðə rɑ məˈtɪriəlz tɪ ˈproʊdus ɪt, bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz soʊ ˈpɑpjələr. ə ˈsɪstəm tɪ səˈplaɪ ɪˈnəf chicken,”*,” hi toʊld ˈmæksəm. wɛl, ʃɛf ərˈɛnd hæd ˈrisəntli bɪn tɪ ðə ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnəz, ənd wɑz soʊ ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ðə pʊld pɔrk ˈbɑrbɪˌkju ɪn ðə loʊ ˈkəntri ðət hi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ kriˈeɪt ə pɔrk ˈsænwɪʧ fər tɪ ˈpleɪkeɪt ðə ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd ˌfrænʧaɪˈziz. bət ðə maɪt nɑt hæv ɪgˈzɪstəd wər ɪt nɑt fər ˈstənɪŋ ɪˈfɪʃənsi æt ˈtərnɪŋ ˈænəməlz ˈɪntu ˈprɑdəkts ju wɔnt tɪ baɪ. ɛz groʊz, ɪts dɪˈmænd fər kəˈmɑdətiz ˈɔlsoʊ groʊz ˈɛvər mɔr vɔˈreɪʃəs. læst jɪr, taɪm ˈproʊˌfaɪld ˈkɑrənt hɛd ʃɛf, ˈdænjəl (aɪ noʊ wət ˈθɪŋkɪŋ: tu ˈfrɛnʧmɛn hæv bɪn ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ʃɛf æt? bət noʊ, ʃɛf ɪz əˈmɛrɪkən, waɪl ʃɛf ərˈɛnd ɪz ə luxembourger*), huz ˈkraʊnɪŋ əˈʧivmənt soʊ fɑr həz bɪn ˈtərnɪŋ ə bɪg mæk ˈɪntu ə bərˈitoʊ. ɪn hɪz tɛst ˈkɪʧən, wi lərn, ə saɪn hæŋz ðət ridz nɑt ril ənˈtɪl ril ɪn ðə restaurants,”*,” riˈmaɪndɪŋ ʃɛfs ənd kʊks ðət ðɛr kriˈeɪʃənz, noʊ ˈmætər haʊ ˈteɪsti ənd ˈpɔrtəbəl ðeɪ meɪ bi, məst bi ˈskeɪləbəl əˈbəv ɔl ɛls. wɪn ðə taɪm rɪˈpɔrtər ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə ˈkɪʧən, ʃɛf wɑz ˈkʊkɪŋ ə dɪʃ ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈsɛləri rut ə rut ðət ʃɛfs ləv fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪn ðə fɔl ənd ˈwɪntər. ʃɛf pruvz tɪ bi kwaɪt ə ˈtæləntɪd kʊk, bət taɪm noʊts ðət ɪz ˈlɪtərəli nɑt ɪˈnəf ˈsɛləri rut groʊn ɪn ðə wərld fər ɪt tɪ sərˈvaɪv ɔn ðə ˈmɛnju æt ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni kʊd ʧeɪnʤ ðət sɪns ɪts ˈmɛnju dɪˈsɪʒənz kˈwɪkli bɪˈkəm ˈgloʊbəl ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl concerns.”*.” (wɔnt tɪ meɪk ˈɛnəmiz kˈwɪkli? tɛl ðɪs tɪ ðə ˈwʊmən æt ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ædˈmaɪrɪŋ ðə ˈreɪnˌboʊ ʧɑrd. ðɛn riˈmaɪnd hər tɪ blænʧ ðə stɛmz ə fju ˈmɪnəts ˈlɔŋgər ðən ðə livz kwaɪt təf!) naʊ, teɪk ə lʊk æt ðɪs sˈlɑpi ʧɑrt ˈteɪkən ðə ˈlɪbərˌti əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ. ðə blu laɪn ɪz ðə praɪs əv hɑgz ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈdɛkeɪd, ənd ðə blæk laɪnz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt əˈprɑksəˌmeɪt taɪmz wɪn həz ˌriɪntrəˈdust ðə, ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd ər ˈteɪkən ɪt ɔn ən tour”*” həz bɪn ˈprɑməsɪŋ tɪ gɪt rɪd əv ðə ˈprɑdəkt fər jɪrz naʊ). ki: 1 noʊˈvɛmbər 2005 ˌfɛrˈwɛl tʊr; 2 noʊˈvɛmbər 2006 ˌfɛrˈwɛl tʊr ii*; 3 leɪt ɑkˈtoʊbər 2007 ˌfɛrˈwɛl tʊr iii*; 4 ɑkˈtoʊbər 2008 ˌriɪntrəˈdəkʃən; 5 noʊˈvɛmbər 2010 ˌriɪntrəˈdəkʃən. ðə ʧɑrt dɪz nɑt ˌɪnˈklud pɔrk ˈpraɪsɪz ˈlidɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌriɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ðə, bət ɪt dɪz ʃoʊ ɪt ɔn ə stip ˈdaʊnwərd trɛnd frəm ˈɔgəst tɪ sɛpˈtɛmbər. ˈpraɪsɪz fər ɑkˈtoʊbər, 2011 hɑgz hæv nɑt bɪn ˈpoʊstɪd jɛt, bət aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt ðeɪ wɪl goʊ loʊər ðən sɛpˈtɛmbər pɔrk ˈpraɪsɪz tɛnd tɪ pik ɪn ˈɔgəst, ənd dɪˈklaɪn θru noʊˈvɛmbər. məkˈdɑnəldz, æt list ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, həz ˈoʊnli ˌɪntrəˈdust ðə ˈsænwɪʧ raɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs fɔl praɪs dɪˈklaɪn (ˌɪnˈdid, ðɛr ɪz ˈivɪn ə fəˈnɑməˌnɑn kɔld ðə pɔrk ˈsaɪkəl, wɪʧ ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts hæv juzd tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈrɛgjələr dɪps ɪn ðə praɪs əv ˈlaɪvˌstɑk, əˈspɛʃəli pɪgz. ɪn fækt, ɪn ə 1991 ˈpeɪpər ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk baɪ ənd ˈmæθju hoʊlt, ðə ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts frɛt ðət ə prɪˈdɪktəbəl praɪs ˈsaɪkəl ɪgˈzɪsts, ðɛn prəˈdusərz rɪˈspɑndɪŋ ɪn ə ˈfæʃən kʊd ərn ˈlɑrʤər ðən ‘‘normal’*’ ˈprɑfɪts ˈoʊvər time…*… bɪˈkəz prɪˈdɪktəbəl praɪs ˈmuvmənts would…*… ˈɪnfluəns pərˈdəkʃən decisions.”*.” æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðeɪ noʊt ðət ðɪs bɪˈheɪvjər wʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz ðə praɪs, ˈwaɪpɪŋ aʊt ðə pɔrk ˈsaɪkəl ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs). ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfərðər bæk ˈɪntu pɔrk praɪs ˈhɪstəri, wi kən si səm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ trɛnz ðət kərˈɑbərˌeɪt wɪθ səm ˈhɪstəri. wɪn fərst ˌɪntrəˈdust ðə ˈprɑdəkt, ðeɪ kɛpt ɪt ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd ənˈtɪl 1985 ˈsaɪtɪŋ pur seɪlz ˈnəmbərz ɛz ðə ˈrizən fər riˈmuvɪŋ ɪt frəm ðə ˈmɛnju. bɪtˈwin 1982 ənd 1985 pɔrk ˈpraɪsɪz wər sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli loʊər ðən ˈpraɪsɪz ɪn 1981 ənd 1986 wɪn pɔrk wʊd riʧ haɪz əv 17 pər paʊnd; ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst rən, pɔrk ˈpraɪsɪz wər ˈfləkʧəˌweɪtɪŋ bɪtˈwin ˈrəfli 9 ənd 13 pər paʊnd ənˈtɪl ðeɪ spaɪkt əraʊnd wɪn gɑt rɪd əv ɪt. teɪk ə lʊk æt 30 jɪrz əv pɔrk ˈpraɪsɪz hir ənd si fər ˈjɔrsɛlf. ˈɔlsoʊ noʊt ðət ʃɑrp dɪp ɪn 1994 ˌriɪntrəˈdust ðə ˈsænwɪʧ ðət jɪr, tu. ðoʊ ˈnoʊtəbli, ðeɪ du soʊ ɪn 1998 ʃʊr ɔl ðə ʃɑrp ˈlɪtəl ˈdeɪvɪd hjumz əˈməŋ ˈjuˈɛs ər naʊ ˈʧɑmpɪŋ æt ðə bɪt ənd raɪt tɪ du soʊ! ðɪs pruvz ˈnəθɪŋ. ɪt ɪz ʤɪst ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən ənd ðə ˈsænwɪʧ ˈɔlˌweɪz əˈpɪr wɪn pɔrk ˈpraɪsɪz ər loʊ. ɪn fækt, ðə ˈrisənt ˈdætə kʊd pruv ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli draɪvz pɔrk ˈpraɪsɪz ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəli haɪ ɪn ðə ˈsəmərz ˌbiˈfɔr ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ðə ˈsænwɪʧ lʊk æt flæt ˈsəmər ˈpraɪsɪz. kʊd ðət bi, ɪn pɑrt, bɪˈkəz ðɛr wɑz noʊ? ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, fud ˈpraɪsɪz wər flæt əˈkrɔs ðə bɔrd ɪn 2009 soʊ ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt. soʊ, noʊ, ðɪs ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən pruvz ˈnəθɪŋ, bət ɪt ɪz ˈnoʊtˌwərði.) bɪˈkəz wi noʊ ðə baɪɪŋ ˈpætərnz səm ˈsɔrsəz seɪ ˈlaɪkli lɑkt ɪn ðɛr pɔrk ˈpərʧəsɪz ɪn ədˈvæns, waɪl ˈəðərz seɪ ðət əˈnaʊnsmɛnts kən muv lin hɑg fˈjuʧərz əp ɪn praɪs, wɪʧ wʊd səˈʤɛst ðət baɪɪŋ kənˈtɪnjuz fər səm taɪm ənd wi sim tɪ əˈgri ɔn wət ðə ɪz meɪd əv səm ˈsɔrsəz seɪ pɔrk ˈʃoʊldər, ˈəðərz seɪ ə sˈləri əv hɑrd tɪ ˈrɪli meɪk ˈɛni ril kənˈkluʒənz hir. ðə wən θɪŋ wi kən seɪ, noʊɪŋ wət wi noʊ əˈbaʊt ðə skeɪl əv ðə ˈbɪznɪs, ɪz ðət wʊd bi waɪz tɪ ˈoʊnli ˌɪntrəˈdus ðə ˈsænwɪʧ (msrp*: wɪn ðə pɔrk ˈklaɪmɪt ɪz ˈfeɪvərəbəl. wɪθ baɪɪŋ ˈmɪljənz əv paʊnz əv ðə stəf, ə 20 sɛnt dɪp ɪn ðə pər paʊnd praɪs kʊd meɪk ɔl ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ðə wərld. həz tɪ kip ðə praɪs əv ðə ˈsəmˈwət ˈkɑnstənt bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ə ˈprɑdəkt, nɑt ə ˈsænwɪʧ, ənd ɪz ə səˈplaɪ ʧeɪn, nɑt ə ʧeɪn əv ˈrɛˌstrɑnts. ənˈlaɪk ə ˈnɔrməl ˈrɛˌstrɑnt (ər ˈivɪn ə smɔl ʧeɪn), wɪʧ həz ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti wɪθ ˈpraɪsɪŋ ənd kən rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ˈəpˌtɪks ɪn ðə praɪs əv kəˈmɑdətiz baɪ ˈpæsɪŋ ðiz kɔsts daʊn tɪ ðə kənˈsumər, həz tɪ ˈɔfər ðə seɪm ɪgˈzækt ˈprɑdəkt fər ˈrəfli ðə seɪm praɪs ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈneɪʃən: ðɛr ˈprɑdəkts məst bi boʊθ ˈstændərˌdaɪzd ənd ʧip. bæk ɪn 2002 wɑz baɪɪŋ 1 ˈbɪljən paʊnz əv bif ə jɪr. (ɛz əv læst jɪr, ðeɪ wər baɪɪŋ 800 ˈmɪljən paʊnz fər ðə juz. əˈloʊn.) ə ˈbɪljən paʊnz əv bif ə jɪr ɪz ˈmɪljən paʊnz ə mənθ. ɪf ðə praɪs əv bif ɪz æbˈnɔrməli haɪ ər loʊ baɪ 10 sɛnts ə paʊnd, ðət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ən ˈmɪljən swɪŋ (wɪʧ ˈlaɪkli ˈhɛʤɪz wɪθ fˈjuʧərz ˈkɑnˌtrækts ɔn ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk bif, wɪʧ ðeɪ nid year-round*, soʊ ðeɪ kən lɑk ɪn ə praɪs, bət ðɪs ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˈmɑrkɪt ɪz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˌfləkʧuˈeɪʃənz tu). æt ðɪs ˈvɑljum, ənd wɪθ ðə əv ðə ˈsænwɪʧ, ɪt ˈoʊnli meɪks sɛns fər tɪ trit ðə ˈsænwɪʧ ɛz ə sɔrt əv ˈɑrbɪˌtrɑʒ ˈstrætəʤi: æt boʊθ ɛndz əv ðə ˈprɑdəkt ˈpaɪˌplaɪn, ju hæv ə gʊd biɪŋ ˈtreɪdɪd æt səʧ lɑrʤ ˈvɑljum ðət wi maɪt ɛz wɛl fərˈgɛt ðət wən ɛnd əv ðə ˈpaɪˌplaɪn ɪz hɑgz ənd kɔrn ənd ðə ˈəðər ɛnd ɪz ə ˈsænwɪʧ. ˈlaɪkli θɪŋk ɪn ðiz tərmz, ənd ˈniðər ʃʊd ju. bət wɪn ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz, əˈspɛʃəli wənz ju kwaɪt kˈwɑləˌfaɪd tɪ pruv, wən məst ˈɔlˌweɪz kənˈsɪdər ˈəðər ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz, ɪf ˈoʊnli tɪ əˈlaʊ ðɛm tɪ ˌriɪnˈfɔrs jʊr ˈnəti bɪˈlifs. ˈkaʊntər ˈθɪri 1 ən ˈɑbviəs ˈrizən ðət ðə maɪt bi ə ˈprɑdəkt kʊd bi ðət ˈpipəl hæv ˈbɑrbɪˌkju (ər æt list θɪŋz sˈlæðərd ɪn ˈbɑrbɪˌkju sɔs) ɔl ðə taɪm ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsəmər ðeɪ wʊd bi lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈsɛtəl fər ə ʧip ənd ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli groʊˈtɛsk ˈsəbstəˌtut wɪn ðeɪ kən hæv ðə ril θɪŋ. ˌɪntrəˈdus ɪt ɪn ðə fɔl ənd ju maɪt kæʧ ðət ˈlɔŋɪŋ fər ðə ˈsəmər ðət ˈspaɪsi ˈsɔsɪz ənd θɪŋz ɪˈvoʊk. tɪ ðɪs aɪ seɪ: bət wət əˈbaʊt ˈwɪntər? ˈkaʊntər ˈθɪri 2 əˈnəðər kəmz frəm ən ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈfɔrəm, wɛr ɔl gʊd ənd ˈtoʊtəli rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kəmz frəm ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. hir, ən əˈlɛʤd ˈgræʤəˌweɪt frəm ˈhæmbərgər ˌjunəˈvərsəti kleɪmz ðət ðə həz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ pɔrk ˈpraɪsɪz, bət ˈrəðər ðət ə lɔs ˈlidər fər ðə ɪkˈsaɪtmənt əv ə ˈprɑdəkt gɪts ˈpipəl ɪn ðə dɔr, ɛz wi hæv ˈnoʊtɪd, ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli baɪ ðə bɪg drɪŋks ənd fraɪz wɪθ ðə məˈnɑpəli ˈpisɪz ɔn ðɛm bɪˈkəz, ɔn ˈævərɪʤ, ˌɪmˈpəlsɪv ənd ˈizi tɪ ful. tɪ ðɪs aɪ seɪ: aɪ nu ðət ˈsænwɪʧ wɑz ə loʊ ˈmɑrʤən ˈprɑdəkt! ɔl ðə mɔr ˈrizən fər tɪ taɪm ɪt ˈprɑpərli wɪθ praɪs swɪŋz. ˈkaʊntər ˈθɪri 3 ðə læst, ənd moʊst ˈɑbviəs, ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ɪz ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈstɔri: ðə ˈsænwɪʧ həz ə kəlt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ, bət nɑt ðət ˈpɑpjələr. laɪk trek,”*,” development”*” ənd ðət ʃoʊ əˈbaʊt ˈʤizəs kraɪst rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ɛz ə ˈsərfər, ðə wɑz ˌʃɔrˈtlɪvd bɪˈkəz nɑt ɪˈnəf ˈpipəl wər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ɪt, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ə smɔl ənd ˈvoʊkəl məˈnɔrəti ləvd ɪt ˈdɪrli. ənd ənˈlaɪk ðiz ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊz, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈvɑlv ril ˈæktərz ənd ˈraɪtərz wɪθ kərɪrz tɪ tɛnd tɪ, ðə nidz ˈoʊnli hɑgz, ˈpɪkəlz, ˈənjənz ənd ə ˈvoʊkəl ɪˈnəf məˈnɔrəti hu dɪˈmænd ðə rɪˈtərn, ənd wɪl ˈivɪn prəˈmoʊt ɪt fər fri wɪθ ˈwɛbˌsaɪts, ənd word-of-sauce-stained-mouth*. mɑrks, mɑrks, ənd noʊz ɪt. ˈɛvəri kənˈspɪrəsi θiərɪst ˈoʊnli hɛlps ðɛr ˈbɑtəm laɪn. ðeɪ noʊ ðə ɪˈlusɪvnəs meɪks ɪt ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ɪn ə weɪ ðət ðə rɛst əv ðə fæst fud ˈɪndəstri ˈsɪmpli isn’t*. ɪt ˌɪnˈspaɪrz brænd ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt, ˈivɪn baɪ ðoʊz hu du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðeɪ kən tɪ nɑt ɪnˈgeɪʤ wɪθ ðə brænd. ˈlaɪkli pleɪɪŋ ə pɑrt ɪn ə ˈfloʊˌʧɑrt ɔn ə ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ɔn ʧif ˈdɪʤɪtəl hɑrd draɪv. ˈəltəmətli wət ðə sɪz əˈbaʊt ˈjuˈɛs ɛz ə soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪz pərˈhæps wərs ðən ˈɛni kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪri əˈbaʊt pɔrk ˈpraɪsɪz. ðə, bɔrn æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈvoʊlkər ˌriˈsɛʃən, ə ʧaɪld əv ˈmɔrnɪŋ ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə, həz bɪn wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn ənd ɔf ˈoʊvər ðə læst θri ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ˈkɔrpərət groʊθ, ɪˈroʊʒən əv ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈleɪbər, ðə ʃɪft tɪ ən ““ideas”*” ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd ˈskaɪˌrɑkətɪŋ əˈbisəti reɪts. ðə ɪz meɪd əv ɔl ðiz θɪŋz, tu. wɪn ju θɪŋk bæk tɪ ɪts ˈhəmbəl ˈɔrəʤɪnz, ɛz boʊθ ən ˈɑməʤ tɪ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə staɪl pɔrk ˈbɑrbɪˌkju, ənd ɛz ə weɪ tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz, ɔl ðɛr. ˈbɑrbɪˌkju, waɪl nɑt ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən, hoʊldz ə ˈspɛʃəl pleɪs ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkjulɪˌnɛri trəˈdɪʃən. iʧ ˈbɑrbɪˌkju ˈriʤən həz ɪts oʊn staɪl, ɪts oʊn kəts əv mit, ˈsɔsɪz, tɛkˈniks, ɔl əv wɪʧ əˈʧiv ðə seɪm goʊl: ˈtərnɪŋ təf, ʧui kəts əv mit ˈɪntu ˈtɛndər, ˈspaɪsi ənd dɪˈlɪʃəs mit, kəmˈplitli trænsˈfɔrmd baɪ ˌɪndərˈɛkt hit ənd smoʊk. hɑrd wərk, tu. sˈmoʊkɪŋ ə pɔrk ˈʃoʊldər, fər ˈɪnstəns, rikˈwaɪərz tu aʊərz əv sˈmoʊkɪŋ pər paʊnd ju kən spɛnd dæm nɪr 24 aʊərz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə staɪl pʊld pɔrk ðət ðə ˈɔlˌmoʊst sɔrt əv ˈɪməˌteɪts. ənd fər ɪts pɑrt, ðə meɪks ə ˈmɑkəri əv ðɪs hoʊl ˈtɛrəbli ˈsɪstəm əv ˈbɑrbɪˌkju, ˈtərnɪŋ ɪt ˈɪntu ə wən. ðə ˈpæti ɪz əˈsɛmbəld baɪ məˈʃinəri ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈbeɪbiˌsæt baɪ səm loʊn sadsack*, ənd ɪt ɪz ʃɪpt tɪ ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ˈsɛnərz baɪ ˈtrəkərz, tɪ bi ʃɪpt əˈgɛn tɪ ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz baɪ ˈdɪfərənt ˈtrəkərz, tɪ bi əˈsɛmbəld æt ðə pɔɪnt əv seɪl baɪ ˈsəmˌwən hu ˈkɔrpərət hoʊps kən sun bi ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ ə ˈroʊˌbət, ənd peɪd fər ˈjuzɪŋ səm fɔrm əv ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈpeɪmənt ðət wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈrɛndər ðə kæˈʃɪr ˌɑbsəˈlit. ðɛr ɪz noʊ skɪld ˈleɪbər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈɛniˌwɛr əˈlɔŋ ðə dɪˈkɛnziən ˈʤərni frəm hɑg tɪ treɪ, ənd ˈsərtənli noʊ ˈriʤənəl vərˈaɪəti, ɪkˈsɛpt fər ðə ˈbaɪnəˌri sɔrt jɛs, ðə ɪz available/no*, ɪt ɪz nɑt ðət ˈjuzɪz tɪ prəˈmoʊt ðə ˈprɑdəkt. ənd waɪl ɪt ˌriˈpleɪst ˈbɑrbɪˌkju, ɪt dɪz meɪk ə ˈmɑkəri əv ɪt. ðə feɪk rɪb boʊnz, ðoʊz ˈpɔrki ˈreɪˌlroʊd taɪz ðət gɪv ðə ɪts neɪm, ər ə bɪg ˈmɪdəl ˈfɪŋgər tɪ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈleɪbər ənd ˌɪnʤəˈnuəˌti ənd wərs, ðə ˈlɑʤɪkəl rɪˈzəlt əv ɔl ðət hɑrd wərk. ðeɪ nid ə tɪ meɪk ðə mit ˈtɛndər, ənd ðeɪ nid boʊnz fər ðə mit tɪ fɔl ɔf ðeɪ kən meɪk ðɛr ˈtɛndər mit sˈləri ˈɪntu ðə boʊnz ðeɪ nid ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ənd ənˈlaɪk ə loʊ ˈkəntri ˈbɑrbɪˌkju ʃæk, məkˈdɑnəldz həz ðə minz tɪ ˌsərkəmˈvɛnt ər ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑrd səˈplaɪ ənd dɪˈmænd ˈprɑbləmz. ˌɪnˈdid, ðeɪ bɪˈheɪv məʧ mɔr laɪk ə deɪ ˈtreɪdər, ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ si ə sprɛd bɪtˈwin ən ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈtreɪdɪd fənd ənd ɪts ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈæˌsɛts ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðə ˈtɪkər tɪ ˈɔfər əp ə kwɪk ˈdɔlər. ˈwɪtnəs tɪ ɔl ðɪs, əˈmɛrɪkənz ɔn boʊθ koʊsts twit ʤoʊks əˈbaʊt ðə ˈsænwɪʧ, ənd ˈrɛfərəns ðət wən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv simpsons,”*,” ənd treɪd ˈhɔrər ˈstɔriz, ər pleɪ ðə ˌkɑnˈtrɛriən kɑrd ənd kleɪm tɪ ləv ɪt; ənd ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn oʊˈhaɪoʊ, ə ˈfæktəri ˈwərkər drɑps ə 5 bɪl ɔn ðə ˈkaʊntər æt hɪz ˈloʊkəl ənd æsks ə jəŋ ˈpərsən ˈwɛrɪŋ ə taɪ fər ðə mil, stay.”*.” ðə ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd ənˈtɪl noʊˈvɛmbər 14th*.

what the mcrib says about us as a society is worse than any conspiracy theory by willy staley one of mcdonald’s most divisive products, the mcrib, made its return last week. for three decades, the sandwich has come in and out of existence, popping up in certain regional markets for short promotions, then retreating underground to its porky lair — only to be revived once again for reasons never made entirely clear. each time it rolls out nationwide, people must again consider this strange and elusive product, whose unique form sets it deep in the uncanny valley — and exactly why its existence is so fleeting. the mcrib was introduced in 1982–1981 according to some sources — and was created by mcdonald’s former executive chef rene arend, the same man who invented the chicken mcnugget. reconstituted, vaguely anatomically-shaped meat was something of a specialty for arend, it seems. and though the sandwich is made of pork shoulder and/or reconstituted pork offal slurry, it is pressed into patties that only sort of resemble a seven-year-old’s rendering of what he had at tony roma’s with his granny last weekend. these patties sit in warm tubs of barbecue sauce before an order comes up on those little screens that look nearly impossible to read, at which point it is placed on a six-inch sesame seed roll and topped with pickle chips and inexpertly chopped white onion. in addition to being the outfit’s only long-running seasonal special and the only pork-centric non-breakfast item at maybe any american fast food chain, the mcrib is also mcdonald’s only oblong offering, which is curious, too — mcdonald’s can make food into whatever shape it wants: squares, nuggets, flurries! why bother creating the need for a new kind of bun? the physical attributes of the sandwich only add to the visceral revulsion some have to the product — the same product that others will drive hundreds of miles to savor. but many people, myself included, believe that all these things — the actual presumably entirely organic matter that goes into making the mcrib — are somewhat secondary to the mcrib’s existence. this is where we enter the land of conjectures, conspiracy theories and dark, ribby murmurings. the mcrib’s unique aspects and impermanence, many of us believe, make it seem a likely candidate for being a sort of arbitrage strategy on mcdonald’s part. calling a fast food sandwich an arbitrage strategy is perhaps a bit of a reach — but consider how massive the chain’s market influence is, and it becomes a bit more reasonable. arbitrage is a risk-free way of making money by exploiting the difference between the price of a given good on two different markets — the proverbial free lunch you were told doesn’t exist. in this equation, the undervalued good in question is hog meat, and mcdonald’s exploits the value differential between pork’s cash price on the commodities market and in the quick-service restaurant market. if you ignore the fact that this is, by definition, not arbitrage because the mcrib is a value-added product, and that there is risk all over the place, this can lead to some interesting conclusions. (if you want to do something so reckless, then stop here.) the theory that the mcrib’s elusiveness is a direct result of the vagaries of the cash price for hog meat in the states is simple: in this thinking, the product is only introduced when pork prices are low enough to ensure mcdonald’s can turn a profit on the product. the theory is especially convincing given the mcrib’s status as the only non-breakfast fast food pork item: why wouldn’t there be a pork sandwich in every chain, if it were profitable? fast food involves both hideously violent economies of scale and sad, sad end users who volunteer to be taken advantage of. what makes the mcrib different from this everyday horror is that a) mcdonald’s is huge to the point that more useful to think of it as a company trading in commodities than it is to think of it as a chain of restaurants b) it is made of pork, which makes it a unique product in the qsr world and c) it is only available sometimes, but refuses to go away entirely. if you can demonstrate that mcdonald’s only introduces the sandwich when pork prices are lower than usual, then you’re but a couple logical steps from concluding that mcdonald’s is essentially exploiting a market imbalance between what normal food producers are willing to pay for hog meat at certain times of the year, and what americans are willing to pay for it once it is processed, molded into illogically anatomical shapes, and slathered in hfcs-rich bbq sauce. the mcrib was, at least in part, born out of the brute force that mcdonald’s is capable of exerting on commodities markets. according to this history of the sandwich, chef arend created the mcrib because mcdonald’s simply could not find enough chickens to turn into the mcnuggets for which their franchises were clamoring. chef arend invented something so popular that his employer could not even find the raw materials to produce it, because it was so popular. “there wasn’t a system to supply enough chicken,” he told maxim. well, chef arend had recently been to the carolinas, and was so inspired by the pulled pork barbecue in the low country that he decided to create a pork sandwich for mcdonald’s to placate the frustrated franchisees. but the mcrib might not have existed were it not for mcdonald’s stunning efficiency at turning animals into products you want to buy. as mcdonald’s grows, its demand for commodities also grows ever more voracious. last year, time profiled mcdonald’s current head chef, daniel coudreaut (i know what you’re thinking: two frenchmen have been executive chef at mcdonald’s? but no, chef coudreaut is american, while chef arend is a luxembourger), whose crowning achievement so far has been turning a big mac into a burrito. in his test kitchen, we learn, a sign hangs that reads “it’s not real until real in the restaurants,” reminding chefs and cooks that their creations, no matter how tasty and portable they may be, must be scalable — above all else. when the time reporter visited the kitchen, chef coudreaut was cooking a dish that involved celery root — a fresh-tasting root that chefs love for making purees in the fall and winter. chef coudreaut proves to be quite a talented cook, but time notes that “there is literally not enough celery root grown in the world for it to survive on the menu at mcdonald’s — although the company could change that since its menu decisions quickly become global agricultural concerns.” (want to make enemies quickly? tell this to the woman at the farmer’s market admiring the rainbow chard. then remind her to blanch the stems a few minutes longer than the leaves — quite tough!) now, take a look at this sloppy chart i’ve taken the liberty of making. the blue line is the price of hogs in america over the last decade, and the black lines represent approximate times when mcdonald’s has reintroduced the mcrib, nationwide or taken it on an almost-nationwide “farewell tour” (mcd’s has been promising to get rid of the product for years now). key: 1. november 2005 farewell tour; 2. november 2006 farewell tour ii; 3. late october 2007 farewell tour iii; 4. october 2008 reintroduction; 5. november 2010 reintroduction. the chart does not include pork prices leading into the current reintroduction of the mcrib, but it does show it on a steep downward trend from august to september. prices for october, 2011 hogs have not been posted yet, but i suspect they will go lower than september — pork prices tend to peak in august, and decline through november. mcdonalds, at least in recent years, has only introduced the sandwich right during this fall price decline (indeed, there is even a phenomenon called the pork cycle, which economists have used to explain the regular dips in the price of livestock, especially pigs. in fact, in a 1991 paper on the topic by jean-paul chavas and matthew holt, the economists fret that “if a predictable price cycle exists, then producers responding in a countercyclical fashion could earn larger than ‘normal’ profits over time… because predictable price movements would… influence production decisions.” at the same time, they note that this behavior would eventually stabilize the price, wiping out the pork cycle in the process). looking further back into pork price history, we can see some interesting trends that corroborate with some mcrib history. when mcdonald’s first introduced the product, they kept it nationwide until 1985, citing poor sales numbers as the reason for removing it from the menu. between 1982 and 1985 pork prices were significantly lower than prices in 1981 and 1986, when pork would reach highs of $17 per pound; during the product’s first run, pork prices were fluctuating between roughly $9 and $13 per pound — until they spiked around when mcdonald’s got rid of it. take a look at 30 years of pork prices here and see for yourself. also note that sharp dip in 1994 — mcdonald’s reintroduced the sandwich that year, too. though notably, they do so in 1998. (i’m sure all the sharp little david humes among us are now chomping at the bit — and you’re right to do so! this proves nothing. it is just correlation — and the sandwich doesn’t always appear when pork prices are low. in fact, the recent data could prove that mcdonald’s actually drives pork prices artificially high in the summers before introducing the sandwich — look at 2009’s flat summer prices. could that be, in part, because there was no mcrib? on the other hand, food prices were flat across the board in 2009 so probably not. so, no, this correlation proves nothing, but it is noteworthy.) because we know the buying patterns — some sources say mcdonald’s likely locked in their pork purchases in advance, while others say that mcrib announcements can move lean hog futures up in price, which would suggest that buying continues for some time — and we can’t seem to agree on what the mcrib is made of — some sources say pork shoulder, others say a slurry of offal — hard to really make any real conclusions here. the one thing we can say, knowing what we know about the scale of the business, is that mcdonald’s would be wise to only introduce the sandwich (msrp: $2.99) when the pork climate is favorable. with mcdonald’s buying millions of pounds of the stuff, a 20 cent dip in the per pound price could make all the difference in the world. mcdonald’s has to keep the price of the mcrib somewhat constant because it is a product, not a sandwich, and mcdonald’s is a supply chain, not a chain of restaurants. unlike a normal restaurant (or even a small chain), which has flexibility with pricing and can respond to upticks in the price of commodities by passing these costs down to the consumer, mcdonald’s has to offer the same exact product for roughly the same price all over the nation: their products must be both standardized and cheap. back in 2002, mcdonald’s was buying 1 billion pounds of beef a year. (as of last year, they were buying 800 million pounds for the u.s. alone.) a billion pounds of beef a year is 83.3 million pounds a month. if the price of beef is abnormally high or low by 10 cents a pound, that represents an $8.3 million swing (which mcdonald’s likely hedges with futures contracts on something like beef, which they need year-round, so they can lock in a price, but this secondary market is subject to fluctuations too). at this volume, and with the impermanence of the sandwich, it only makes sense for mcdonald’s to treat the sandwich as a sort of arbitrage strategy: at both ends of the product pipeline, you have a good being traded at such large volume that we might as well forget that one end of the pipeline is hogs and corn and the other end is a sandwich. mcdonald’s likely doesn’t think in these terms, and neither should you. but when dealing with conspiracy theories, especially ones you aren’t quite qualified to prove, one must always consider other possibilities, if only to allow them to reinforce your nutty beliefs. counter theory 1: an obvious reason that the mcrib might be a fall-only product could be that people have barbecue (or at least things slathered in barbecue sauce) all the time over the summer — they would be less likely to settle for a cheap and intentionally grotesque substitute when they can have the real thing. introduce it in the fall and you might catch that associative longing for the summer that hfcs-laden spicy sauces and rib-shaped things evoke. to this i say: but what about winter? counter theory 2: another counter-theory comes from an online forum, where all good and totally reliable information comes from on the internet. here, an alleged graduate from hamburger university claims that the mcrib’s impermanence has nothing to do with pork prices, but rather that a loss leader for mcdonald’s — the excitement of a limited-time-only product gets people in the door, as we have noted, and probably buy the big drinks and fries with the monopoly pieces on them because, on average, impulsive and easy to fool. to this i say: i knew that sandwich was a low margin product! all the more reason for mcdonald’s to time it properly with price swings. counter theory 3: the last, and most obvious, explanation is the official version of the story: the sandwich has a cult following, but not that popular. like “star trek,” “arrested development” and that show about jesus christ returning to san diego as a surfer, the mcrib was short-lived because not enough people were interested in it, even though a small and vocal minority loved it dearly. and unlike these tv shows, which involve real actors and writers with careers to tend to, the mcrib needs only hogs, pickles, onions and a vocal enough minority who demand the sandwich’s return, and will even promote it for free with websites, tweets and word-of-sauce-stained-mouth. we’re marks, novelty-seeking marks, and mcdonald’s knows it. every conspiracy theorist only helps their bottom line. they know the sandwich’s elusiveness makes it interesting in a way that the rest of the fast food industry simply isn’t. it inspires brand engagement, even by those who do everything they can to not engage with the brand. i’m likely playing a part in a flowchart on a powerpoint slide on mcdonald’s chief digital officer’s hard drive. ultimately what the mcrib says about us as a society is perhaps worse than any conspiracy theory about pork prices. the mcrib, born at the end of the volcker recession, a child of reagan’s morning in america, has been with us on and off over the last three decades of underregulated corporate growth, erosion of organized labor, the shift to an “ideas” economy and skyrocketing obesity rates. the mcrib is made of all these things, too. when you think back to its humble origins, as both an homage to carolina style pork barbecue, and as a way to satisfy mcnugget-hungry franchises, all there. barbecue, while not an american invention, holds a special place in american culinary tradition. each barbecue region has its own style, its own cuts of meat, sauces, techniques, all of which achieve the same goal: turning tough, chewy cuts of meat into falling-off-the-bone tender, spicy and delicious meat, completely transformed by indirect heat and smoke. hard work, too. smoking a pork shoulder, for instance, requires two hours of smoking per pound — you can spend damn near 24 hours making the carolina style pulled pork that the mcrib almost sort of imitates. and for its part, the mcrib makes a mockery of this whole terribly labor-intensive system of barbecue, turning it into a capital-intensive one. the patty is assembled by machinery probably babysat by some lone sadsack, and it is shipped to distribution centers by black-beauty-addicted truckers, to be shipped again to franchises by different truckers, to be assembled at the point of sale by someone who mcdonald’s corporate hopes can soon be replaced by a robot, and paid for using some form of electronic payment that will eventually render the cashier obsolete. there is no skilled labor involved anywhere along the mcrib’s dickensian journey from hog to tray, and certainly no regional variety, except for the binary sort — yes, the mcrib is available/no, it is not — that mcdonald’s uses to promote the product. and while it hasn’t replaced barbecue, it does make a mockery of it. the fake rib bones, those porky railroad ties that give the mcrib its name, are a big middle finger to american labor and ingenuity — and worse, the logical result of all that hard work. they need a pitmaster to make the meat tender, and they need bones for the meat to fall off — they can make their tender meat slurry into the bones they need in the first place. and unlike a low country barbecue shack, mcdonalds has the means to circumvent — or disregard — supply and demand problems. indeed, they behave much more like a risk-averse day trader, waiting to see a spread between an exchange traded fund and its underlying assets — waiting for the ticker to offer up a quick risk-free dollar. witness to all this, americans on both coasts tweet jokes about the sandwich, and reference that one episode of “the simpsons,” and trade horror stories, or play the contrarian card and claim to love it; and meanwhile, somewhere in ohio, a 45-year-old laid-off factory worker drops a $5 bill on the counter at his local mcdonald’s and asks a young person wearing a clip-on tie for the mcrib meal, “to stay.” the mcrib is available nationwide until november 14th.

ðə truθ ɪz aʊt ðɛr ˈsəmˌwɛr ənd ɪf ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈkəvərɪŋ ɪt əp, ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˈrisərʧərz wɔnt tɪ noʊ. ðeɪ ər ˈɔlsoʊ ɪnˈkərəʤd baɪ ðə fækt ðət ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən həz sɛd rɪˈvil wət ʃi kən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ɪf ʃi ɪz ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈprɛzɪdənt ənˈlɛs ɪt θˈrɛtənz ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti, grænt ˈkæmərən sɛd. ˈkæmərən wɪl bi wən əv ˈsɛvən ˈɛkspərts hu wɪl ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈvɛri fərst kəˈneɪdiən ˈpəblɪk ˈhirɪŋ ɔn ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊz ɪn, ont*., ʤun 25 nid ˈoʊpənəs ɔn ðɪs ˈɪʃu, taɪm tɪ stɑp pleɪɪŋ around,”*,” sɛd ˈkæmərən, hu həz ˈrɪtən ˈsɛvərəl bʊks ɔn ɪt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ‘‘ufos*, ˈɛriə 51 ənd ˈgəvərnmənt informants.’*.’ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt bɪˈkəz, ɪf ju lʊk æt ðə ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz, ðə ˈeɪliənz ər ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ðət dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ɑr world,”*,” sɛd ˈkæmərən, 62 ðət nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli fɪʃ ɪn ðə fɪʃ bowl.”*.” ɪt kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈjuˌnaɪt ðə wərld əˈgɛnst ə ˈpɑsəbəl θrɛt ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈpipəl ˈfaɪtɪŋ iʧ ˈəðər, hi ˈædɪd. ˈkæmərən fərst gɑt ˈɪntu ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˈrisərʧ ˈæftər hi bɪˈlivz hi sɔ wən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈɪnfəməs ˈʧɑrli rɛd stɑr fəˈnɑməˌnɑn əraʊnd ˈkɑrmən 41 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ˈrɪli θɪŋk si ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, bət ðɛn ɪt flu raɪt ɪn frənt əv ɑr car,”*,” sɛd ˈkæmərən, hu rɪˈtaɪrd ɛz ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə fəˈsɪlɪtiz ˈmænɪʤər sɪks jɪrz əˈgoʊ. bət nɑt traɪɪŋ tɪ pruv wət hi sɔ. nɑt dɪˈtərmənd baɪ wət ju si ɪn ðə skaɪ, ju nid tɪ gɪt səm ˈbɛtər evidence,”*,” ˈkæmərən sɛd. ðət ˈɛvədəns, hi bɪˈlivz, kən bi faʊnd ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən faɪlz ɔn ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊz. ɪn fækt, ˈkæmərən ˈrisəntli wən tu ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˈwɔrdz fər hɪz ˈrisərʧ əv ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl faɪlz ɔn ˌɛkstrəˌtərˈɛstriəlz. ˈivɪn ʤɑn poʊˈdɛstə, kæmˈpeɪn ˈmænɪʤər hu ˈɔlsoʊ wərkt fər bɪl ˈklɪntən wɪn hi wɑz ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt, bɪˈlivz ðɛr həz bɪn ə ˈkəvərˌəp ənd wɔnts ɪt tɪ ɛnd, ˈkæmərən kleɪmz. ðə ˈhirɪŋ ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈeɪliən ˈkɑzmɪk ˈɛkspoʊ ɪn ðət ˈwiˌkɪnd. wɔnt ðə kəˈneɪdiən ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ du mɔr ɔn ðɪs ənd ɪf ðeɪ, pɑrt əv ðə cover-up,”*,” sɛd bɑb ˈmɪʧəl, wən wən əv ðə ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈspikɪŋ wɪl bi: ˈfɔrmər ˈdɛpjəti praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər pɔl ˈhɛliər, hu wɪl dɪˈskəs ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt, ˈrɪʧərd ˈdoʊlən, ˈstivən ˈbæsɪt, nɪk poʊp, ˈstæntən ˈfridmən ənd ˈtrævɪs ˈwɔltən. krɪs rətˈkɔfski, ə ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ˈloʊkəl ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˈrisərʧər, gɑt ə leɪt ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən bət wɑz nɑt ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn əˈtɛndɪŋ. θɪŋk ˈɛniˌθɪŋ biɪŋ kɛpt ˈhɪdən ənd, ˈivɪn ɪf ðɛr wɑz, aɪ θɪŋk ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən wʊd riˈlis it,”*,” rətˈkɔfski sɛd. ðə kəˈneɪdiən ˈpəblɪk ˈhirɪŋ ɔn ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊz ɪz ˈmitɪŋ ɪn ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ʤun 25 wət bi dɪˈskəsɪŋ: -ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˈsaɪtɪŋ rɪˈpɔrts -ðə kræʃ æt ˈrɑswɛl, nm*, ɪn 1947 -əˈfɪʃəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˈdɑkjəmənts əbˈteɪnd θru ˈɛˈfoʊˈaɪˈeɪ ənd ðə kəˈneɪdiən ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ækt -wət juz. ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts noʊ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɪʃu -ˈeɪliən əbˈdəkʃənz -ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˈɪnsədənts ˈoʊvər juz. ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd ˈnukliər ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃənz ðə ˈpænəl -pɔl ˈhɛliər: ˈfɔrmər kəˈneɪdiən ˈdɛpjəti praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ənd ˈmɪnɪstər əv dɪˈfɛns, ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəl tɪ kleɪm ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ənd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈkəvərˌəp. -ˈrɪʧərd ˈdoʊlən: ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˈɔθər, ˈrisərʧər ənd hɪˈstɔriən. -stiv ˈbæsɪt: ə juz. ˈlɑbiəst dɪˈmændɪŋ ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt clean”*” ɔn ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊz ənd ˈeɪliən ˈkɑnˌtækt. hi ɪz ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈpɛrəˌdaɪm ˈrisərʧ grup ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. -nɪk poʊp: ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˈɔθər, hu ˈpriviəsli ræn ðə ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən dɪˈpɑrtmənt wɪθ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈmɪnɪstri əv dɪˈfɛns. -grænt ˈkæmərən: ə ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˈrisərʧər ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts know.”*.” -ˈstæntən ˈfridmən: ə rɪˈtaɪrd ˈnukliər ˈfɪzɪsɪst ənd ˈɛkspərt ɔn ðə 1947 ˈrɑswɛl ˈɪnsədənt. -ˈtrævɪs ˈwɔltən: hu sɪz hi wɑz əbˈdəktɪd ənd huz bʊk faɪər ɪn ðə skaɪ wɑz tərnd ˈɪntu ə ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈmuvi. tˈwɪtər:

the truth is out there somewhere and if the u.s. government is covering it up, ufo researchers want to know. they are also encouraged by the fact that hillary clinton has said she’ll reveal what she can about the subject if she is elected president – unless it threatens national security, winnipeg’s grant cameron said. cameron will be one of seven experts who will address the very first canadian public hearing on ufos in brantford, ont., june 25. “we need openness on this issue, it’s time to stop playing around,” said cameron, who has written several books on it, including ‘ufos, area 51, and government informants.’ “it’s important because, if you look at the implications, the aliens are giving the message that we’re destroying our world,” said cameron, 62. “and that we’re not the only fish in the fish bowl.” it could also unite the world against a possible threat instead of people fighting each other, he added. cameron first got into ufo research after he believes he saw one during the infamous charlie red star phenomenon around carman 41 years ago. “i really think i’d see anything, but then it flew right in front of our car,” said cameron, who retired as a university of manitoba facilities manager six years ago. but he’s not trying to prove what he saw. “the answer’s not determined by what you see in the sky, you need to get some better evidence,” cameron said. that evidence, he believes, can be found in american files on ufos. in fact, cameron recently won two international awards for his research of presidential files on extraterrestrials. even john podesta, clinton’s campaign manager who also worked for bill clinton when he was the president, believes there has been a cover-up and wants it to end, cameron claims. the hearing is part of the alien cosmic expo in brantford that weekend. “we want the canadian government to do more on this and if they don’t, they’re part of the cover-up,” said bob mitchell, one one of the event’s organizers. also speaking will be: former deputy prime minister paul hellyer, who will discuss canada’s knowledge of the subject, richard dolan, steven bassett, nick pope, stanton friedman and travis walton. chris rutkowski, a well-known local ufo researcher, got a late invitation but was not interested in attending. “i don’t think there’s anything that’s being kept hidden and, even if there was, i don’t think hillary clinton would release it,” rutkowski said. the canadian public hearing on ufos is meeting in brantford on saturday, june 25. here’s what they’ll be discussing: -ufo sighting reports -the crash at roswell, nm, in 1947 -official government ufo documents obtained through foia and the canadian access to information act -what u.s. presidents know about the ufo/et issue -alien abductions -documented international ufo incidents over u.s. and uk military and nuclear installations the panel -paul hellyer: former canadian deputy prime minister and minister of defence, the highest-ranking former government official to claim the existence of ets and the world-wide government cover-up. -richard dolan: an american ufo author, researcher and historian. -steve bassett: a u.s. lobbyist demanding the u.s. government “come clean” on ufos and alien contact. he is the executive director of the paradigm research group in washington. -nick pope: ufo author, who previously ran the ufo investigation department with the british ministry of defence. -grant cameron: a manitoba-based ufo researcher specializing in “what the presidents know.” -stanton friedman: a retired nuclear physicist and expert on the 1947 roswell incident. -travis walton: who says he was abducted and whose book fire in the sky was turned into a hollywood movie. jbender@postmedia.com twitter: @bendersun

dip ˈlərnɪŋ fər ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ˈbaʊmən blɑkt ˈfɑloʊ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ 20 2017 dip ˈlərnɪŋ, ə əv məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ, həz bɪˈkəm wən əv ðə moʊst noʊn ˈɛriəz ɪn ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ eɪaɪ haɪp. ˈhævɪŋ lɛd tɪ ˈmɛni ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz ənd ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv rɪˈzəlts, ɪt ɪz əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈdəzənz əv ˈdɪfərənt sɪˈnɛrioʊz ənd həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈjildɪd ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ rɪˈzəlts laɪk spiʧ ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən, haɪ ˈækjərəsi ˈɑbʤɛkt dɪˈtɛkʃən, ədˈvænst məˈʃin trænzˈleɪʃən, ˈsupər ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ənd ˈmɛni mɔr. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈstɛdi floʊ əv ˈpeɪpərz ənd ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz ðət dɪˈskraɪb ðə ˈleɪtəst ədˈvænsɪz ɪn ˈnɛtˌwərk dɪˈzaɪn, kəmˈpɛr ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧərz ər dɪˈskraɪb ənˈsin əˈproʊʧɪz ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˈivɪn ˈbɛtər rɪˈzəlts ðən ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌsteɪtəvðɪˈɑrt. æt ðə seɪm taɪm mɔr ənd mɔr ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd dɪˈvɛləpərz ʤəmp ɔn ðə dip ˈlərnɪŋ ˈbændˌwægən ənd dɪˈplɔɪ ðə aɪˈdiəz ənd ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧərz tɪ ril wərld pərˈdəkʃən ˈsɪstəmz. ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl dɪˈskraɪbz ɑr əˈproʊʧ tɪ əˈplaɪɪŋ dip ˈlərnɪŋ tɪ ɑr ˈɪmɪʤ ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ˈprɑdəkt, ðə ˈstrəgəl wi hæd wɪθ ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðə raɪt ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər ənd ðə ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz wi meɪd waɪl dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ə ˈsɪstəm ðət kən bi dɪˈplɔɪd tɪ ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz. ɑr ˈvɪʒən æt 9elements*, hæd ˈvɛriəs eɪaɪ ˈtɑpɪks ɔn ɑr ˈreɪˌdɑr fər kwaɪt səm taɪm naʊ. wɪθ dip ˈlərnɪŋ, wi ˈfaɪnəli faʊnd ə trɪˈmɛndəs ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ɑr ˈprɑdəkt, ðə: wi bɪˈliv ˈælgərˌɪðəmz kʊd bi ðə aɪˈdil əˈproʊʧ tɪ bust ɑr ˈjuzərz kriˈeɪtɪv ˈaʊtˌpʊt ənd ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪ ˈkɑmplɛks dɪˈzaɪn tæsks. ˈgɪvɪn ðə haɪp ənd rɪˈzəlts, wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ dɪp ɑr toʊz ˈɪntu dip ˈlərnɪŋ, wɪʧ kˈwɪkli lɛd tɪ səm ˈrisərʧ rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən ˈʧælənʤɪz ɪn ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ˈɪmɪʤ ˈɛdɪtɪŋ. wi kˈwɪkli ˈsərfɪst ˈɪmɪʤ ˌsɛgmənˈteɪʃən ɛz ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈʧælənʤ ðət kʊd bi sɑlvd ˈjuzɪŋ dip ˈlərnɪŋ ənd ˈstɑrtɪd ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˈfərðər. ɪf ju hæv ˈɛvər traɪd tɪ səˈlɛkt ə dɪˈstɪŋktɪv ˈriʤən ɪn ə ˈpɪkʧər, seɪ jʊr bɛst frɛnd ɔn ðə biʧ ər jʊr kjut pɛt, ju noʊ ðə ˈstrəgəl əv ˈkɛrfəli ˈmuvɪŋ jʊr ˈkərsər əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈaʊtər baʊndz ənˈtɪl ju ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli mɪs ə pɑrt ər ˌæksəˈdɛnəli səˈlɛkt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt. prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈɪmɪʤ ˈɛdɪtɪŋ tulz kən bi kwaɪt ˈhɛlpfəl ɪn əˈkɑmplɪʃɪŋ səʧ tæsks, bət ɔn ðə wən hænd, ðeɪ əˈveɪləbəl ɔn jʊr ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs, wɛr ju teɪk ənd ˈpəblɪʃ ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz, ənd ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, kən bi kwaɪt ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ənd ˈjuʒəwəli ˌrikˈwaɪər səm ˌhænˈzɔn taɪm, ˌbiˈfɔr ju kən ˈproʊdus ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈjuzəbəl. ɑr goʊl wɑz tɪ ˈfaɪnəli riˈmuv ðə ˈhæsəl frəm ˈɪmɪʤ ˈklɪpɪŋ. wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ rɪˈdus ðə rikˈwaɪərd ˈjuzər ˌɪnərˈækʃən tɪ ə ˈmɪnəməm waɪl ˈɔfərɪŋ ən ˌɪnˈtuətɪv səˈluʃən ðət ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈɛni ˈmænjuəlz ər ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈkɔrsɪz. ɔn tɔp əv ðət, ɛz wi prəˈvaɪd ˈneɪtɪv fər html*, ˈioʊs ənd ˈænˌdrɔɪd, ðə səˈluʃən hæd tɪ bi dɪˈplɔɪəbəl tɪ ɔl əv ðiz ˈsɪstəmz wɪˈθaʊt riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˌbæˈkɛnd ər biɪŋ ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ˈsərtən ˈfiʧərz. ˈhævɪŋ ˈfɔrmjəˌleɪtɪd ɑr ˈrəðər æmˈbɪʃəs goʊlz, wi ˈstɑrtɪd ɑr ˈʤərni baɪ ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən ˈrisərʧ ˈpeɪpərz ənd ˈklæsɪk tɛkˈniks fər ˈɪmɪʤ ˌsɛgmənˈteɪʃən. wi ðɛn ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə dip ˈlərnɪŋ pɑrt ənd kˈwɪkli hæd ən aɪˈdiə ɔn haʊ tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ɑr əˈproʊʧ. ɑr ˈʤərni ˈɪmɪʤ ˌsɛgmənˈteɪʃən, ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈklæsəˌfaɪɪŋ iʧ ˈpɪksəl ɪn ə ˈpɪkʧər tɪ bi ˈrəðər fɔr- ər ˈbækˌgraʊnd, ɪz ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈrisərʧ fild ənd stɪl pərˈsivd ɛz kwaɪt ˈʧælənʤɪŋ du tɪ ðə ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ˈneɪʧər əv ðə tæsk. wi, ˈjumənz, ər ɪkˈstrimli wɛl treɪnd æt pərˈsivɪŋ sinz, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkts ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈlɑʤɪkəl əˈsəmpʃənz beɪst ɔn ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈɪnˌpʊt wi rɪˈsiv. fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, ɔl əˈproʊʧɪz wər beɪst ɔn ˈkələrz, ˈɛʤɪz, ənd ˈkɑntræst ənd rɪˈlaɪd ˈhɛvəli ɔn pərˈæmətərz, wɪʧ hæd tɪ bi əˈʤəstɪd tɪ ˈɛvəri nu sɪˈnɛrioʊ. ðət ʧeɪnʤd ɪn 2012 wɪn ɛt æl. pərˈzɛnəd əˈstɑnɪʃɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkt ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən rɪˈzəlts ɔn ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈnʊrəl ˈnɛtˌwərk. ˈsədənli ə ˈsɪstəm wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈklæsəˌfaɪ ˈɑbʤɛkts wɪθ ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ˈækjərəsi ənd noʊ nid fər ˈɛni ˈjumən fine-tuning*. ðə ˈnʊrəl ˈnɛtˌwərk wɑz ‘‘just’*’ treɪnd ɔn ðə ˈdeɪtəˌsɛt baɪ siɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤɪz kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ðɛr ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ ˈleɪbəlz ənd əˈʤəstɪŋ ɪts ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən ənˈtɪl ɪt lərn ˈɛni ˈfərðər. ɛz wi hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ɔn ˈjuzɪŋ dip ˈlərnɪŋ fər ɑr tæsk, ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈnʊrəl nɛt ˈklɪrli wɑz ɑr weɪ tɪ goʊ. wi ˈstɑrtɪd baɪ ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ səˈluʃənz ənd əˈproʊʧɪz, kriˈeɪtɪd ɑr fərst ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp beɪst ɔn ɑr ˈfaɪndɪŋz ənd rɪˈfaɪnd ɑr əˈproʊʧ ənd ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ənˈtɪl ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ mɛt ɑr ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz. sin ˈleɪbəlɪŋ ðə fərst əˈproʊʧɪz wi ɪgˈzæmənd ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə hoʊl ˈɪmɪʤ. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈkɑmən tæsk kɔld sin ˈleɪbəlɪŋ ər sɪˈmæntɪk ˈleɪbəlɪŋ, bɪˈkəz ɪt əˈlaʊz ˈroʊˌbəts ənd ˈəðər ˈsɪstəmz tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ə sin. ðə goʊl ɪz tɪ ˈklæsəˌfaɪ iʧ ˈpɪksəl ɪn ən ˈɪmɪʤ tɪ ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈkætəˌgɔri. ən ɪgˈzæmpəl kʊd bi ə kɑr ðət ˈsərʧɪz fər ðə roʊd ənd traɪz tɪ dɪˈtərmən ˈwɛðər ˈɛni pəˈdɛstriənz ər ˈkrɔsɪŋ ðə strit. səʧ ə kɑr wʊd traɪ tɪ ˈklæsəˌfaɪ iʧ ˈpɪksəl ɛz roʊd, pəˈdɛstriən, tri, ˈtræfɪk saɪn, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.: ˈjumən ˈleɪbəld sin frəm ðə ˈdeɪtəˌsɛt waɪl ˈɔfərɪŋ lɑts əv ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz, ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ səˈluʃənz wər ˈlækɪŋ ðə dɪˈzaɪərd ˈækjərəsi wi ˈnidɪd tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈvɪʒwəli ˈplizɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤ. fər ə kɑr, ɪt ˈmætər ɪf ðə ‘‘person’*’ ˈriʤən fər səm pəˈdɛstriən ˈækjərətli ˈkəvərz ðə ˈaʊˌtlaɪnz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, fər ˈjuˈɛs ɪt dɪz. tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðiz ˈɪʃuz wi ɪkˈspɛrəməntəd wɪθ poʊst ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ tɛkˈniks ðət juzd ðə wi faʊnd ɛz ə beɪs fər ˈfərðər optimisations*. ðɪs lɛd tɪ ɑr fərst əˈproʊʧ wɛr wi wʊd ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˌsɛgˈmɛnt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈɪmɪʤ ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈnʊrəl ˈnɛtˌwərk, ˈɔfər ðə faʊnd ˈriʤənz ɛz ˈriʤənz tɪ ə ˈjuzər ənd ðɛn traɪ tɪ rɪˈfaɪn ðə səˈlɛkʃən ˈjuzɪŋ kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈɪmɪʤ tɪ faɪnd ðə bɛst ˈpɑsəbəl mæsk. waɪl ɔˈrɛdi ˈjildɪŋ səm ˈjusfəl rɪˈzəlts ðə ˈsɪstəm dɪd nɑt kwaɪt mæʧ ɑr rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ɪf ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌsɛgmənˈteɪʃən wɑz tu kɔrs ər ɔf ɪn ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈriʤənz, ðə ˈjuzər kʊd ˈnɛvər səˈlɛkt ən ˈɛriə ðət wʊd lɛd tɪ hɪz dɪˈzaɪərd ˌsɛgmənˈteɪʃən. ˈɪmɪʤ ˌsɛgmənˈteɪʃən beɪst ɔn ˈjuzər ˈɪnˌpʊts wi wɛnt bæk tɪ ðə drɔɪŋ bɔrd ənd sərʧt fər ˈəðər əˈproʊʧɪz ðət wʊd fɪt ɑr juz keɪs. ɪt teɪk lɔŋ, ənd wi ˈstəmbəld əˈpɑn dip ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ˈɑbʤɛkt səˈlɛkʃən, ə ˈpeɪpər ðət ˈprɛzənts ən ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ˈsɪstəm wɪʧ kriˈeɪts ˈɪmɪʤ beɪst ɔn ˈjuzər klɪks. ɪt lʊkt laɪk ə gʊd fɪt fər ɑr rɪkˈwaɪrmənts, ənd wi ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɑr ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈsɪstəm tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt feɪk ˈjuzər ˈɪnˌpʊts ənd treɪn ɔn ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃənz əv ðiz ˈɪnˌpʊts ənd ˈɪmɪʤɪz. tɪ treɪn ðə nɛt, wi juzd ðə ˈpəblɪkli əˈveɪləbəl ˈkoʊˌkoʊ ˈdeɪtəˌsɛt, wɪʧ kənˈteɪnz əraʊnd ˈɪmɪʤɪz wɪθ mɔr ðən 2 ˈmɪljən ˌænəˈteɪtɪd ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈɪnstənsɪz. tɪ ˈhændəl ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈdætə, wi ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɑr ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈdætə tɪ ə ˈsəbˌsɛt əv ðə fʊl ˈdeɪtəˌsɛt. ðɪs ˈsəbˌsɛt wɑz meɪd əp əv ˈɪmɪʤɪz ðət kənˈteɪn ˈɑbʤɛkts frəm ˈsərtən ˈkætəˌgɔriz ənd ˈkəvər ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈɛriə wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈɪmɪʤ. ɛz wi ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈɪnˌpʊts ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəli baɪ ˈædɪŋ klɪks ɔn ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt mæsk, wi kʊd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ɛz ˈmɛni ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈdætə frəm ðə ˈkoʊˌkoʊ ˈsəbˌsɛt ɛz wi ˈwɔntɪd. ˈæftər səm ɪkˈspɛrəmənts, wi ˈsɛtəld fər θri ˈdɪfərənt ˈstrætəʤiz tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈjuzər ˈɪnˌpʊts ənd treɪnd ðə nɛt wɪθ ˈrəfli ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈrɛkərdz. ən ˈɪnˌpʊt ˈɪmɪʤ, ə ˈdɪstəns mæp ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd frəm ˈjuzər klɪks ənd ðə ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ ˈleɪbəl fər ən ˈsæmpəl. ðə mæsks ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˈsɪstəm wər kwaɪt ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ɔˈrɛdi. ðə ˈnʊrəl nɛt kʊd ˌɪnˈfər wɪʧ ˈɑbʤɛkt ðə ˈjuzər ˈwɔntɪd tɪ mæsk ɪn ðə ˈɪmɪʤ, ʤɪst baɪ ˈlʊkɪŋ æt rɑ ˈpɪksəl ˈdætə ənd ðə klɪks ɔn ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt. ˈhæpi wɪθ ðə fərst rɪˈzəlts, wi traɪd tɪ ˈtækəl ðə nɛkst ˈhərdəl. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈdaɪvɪŋ ˈdipər ˈɪntu ðə ˈnʊrəl nɛt, wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈrəðər ˈɛrər proʊn ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd kənˈsumz lɑts əv taɪm, wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ ðə nɛt tɪ ə ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs. wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət səʧ ə tul ɪz ˈjuzəbəl ɔn ˈɛni dɪˈvaɪs ənd ðə pərˈfɔrməns wʊd mæʧ ɑr ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz. ˈnʊrəl nɛts ɔn ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˈnʊrəl nɛts ər sɛts əv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd ɪn ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɔrdər ənd beɪst ɔn ˈmɪljənz əv pərˈæmətərz. ˈðɛrˌfɔr wən ““run”*” əv səʧ ə nɛt rikˈwaɪərz ə lɔt əv ˌkɑmpjəˈteɪʃən paʊər, ɛz ˈmɪljənz əv ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz hæv tɪ bi ˈkɛrid aʊt. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðə ˈmɪljənz əv pərˈæmətərz nid tɪ bi dɪˈplɔɪd, ɛz ðeɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə ˈmɑdəl ər ðə ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən ðə ˈnʊrəl nɛt həz ˈlərnɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈtreɪnɪŋ. soʊ, tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ ɑr ˈnʊrəl nɛt, wi hæd tɪ sɑlv ðiz tu rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ɔn ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn. ðə fərst rɪkˈwaɪrmənt, kəmˈpjutɪŋ paʊər, wɑz ˈθæŋkfəli sɑlvd baɪ ˈæpəl. wɪθ ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈioʊs ˈvərʒən ə ˈfreɪmˌwərk, kɔld ˈmɛtəl pərˈfɔrməns shaders*, wɑz ˌɪntrəˈdust. ɪt ˈɔfərz ðə ɔl rikˈwaɪərd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd ɪz ˈteɪlərd tɪ rən ðiz ɔn ðə foʊnz gpu*, wɪʧ ɪz fæst ənd ɪˈfɪʃənt. tɪ ˈɛksəˌkjut ɑr nɛt ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈfreɪmˌwərk wi hæd tɪ trænzˈleɪt ɑr ˈnɛtˌwərk koʊd tɪ swɪft ənd riˈbɪld ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər ˈjuzɪŋ ˈmɛtəl pərˈfɔrməns ˈʃeɪdər ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ˈsædli ˈæpəl ˈoʊnli səˈpɔrts ə ˈsəbˌsɛt əv ˈtudeɪz ˈkɑmən ˈnʊrəl ˈnɛtˌwərk ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, soʊ wi wər fɔrst tɪ raɪt səm ˈʃeɪdər koʊd tɪ ˌrikənˈstrəkt ðə fʊl ˈnɛtˌwərk. ðə ˈsɛkənd rɪkˈwaɪrmənt, ɛkˈstræktɪŋ ðə treɪnd pərˈæmətərz ənd dɪˈplɔɪɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ðə dɪˈvaɪs wɑz məʧ ˈiziər. wi ʤɪst hæd tɪ rɪˈstɔr ɑr ˈpriviəsli treɪnd ˈmɑdəl frəm ə ˈʧɛkˌpɔɪnt, raɪt ɔl treɪnd ˈvɛriəbəlz ˈɪntu ə faɪl ənd dɪˈplɔɪ ðɪs faɪl wɪθ ɑr ˈioʊs æp. wɪn ˈnidɪd, ðə ˈioʊs æp wʊd loʊd ðə faɪl ˈɪntu ˈmɛməri, ənd ɑr ˈnɛtˌwərk ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən wʊd juz ðə ˈgɪvɪn pərˈæmətərz tɪ rən ən ˈɪnfərəns pæs. ˈhævɪŋ mɛt ðə tu rɪkˈwaɪrmənts, ɑr ˈnɛtˌwərk wərkt faɪn ɔn ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn. wi ˈædɪd ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌsɛgˈmɛnt ˈɪmɪʤɪz baɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl tæp wɪˈθaʊt ðə nid fər ə ˌbæˈkɛnd ər ˈɛni ˈnɛtˌwərk kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən. bət ðɛr wər səm ˈkeɪviˌæts. waɪl ɑr ˈnʊrəl nɛt wɑz ə ˈvɛri ˈkɑmən ənd ˈwaɪdli juzd ˈnɛtˌwərk, ɪt wɑz juʤ rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈtreɪnəbəl ˈvɛriəbəlz. ə treɪnd ˈmɑdəl kənˈteɪnz 134 ˈmɪljən pərˈæmətərz, wɪʧ ˈtrænsˌleɪts tɪ əˈbaʊt hæf ə ˈgɪgəˌbaɪt əv ˈdætə ðət nidz tɪ bi dɪˈplɔɪd wɪθ ðə æp. ðɪs wɑz ˈɑbviəsli ə fər ə ˈmoʊbəl ˈɪmɪʤ ˈɛdɪtɪŋ æp, ɛz wi ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ə ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ʤɪst tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌsɛgˈmɛnt ˈɪmɪʤɪz wɪθ jʊr ˈfɪŋgər. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə rɪˈzəlts wər stɪl ˈvɛri kɔrs. ɪf jʊr ˈkɑlig weɪvd hɪz ɑrmz ɪn ən ˈɪmɪʤ, ðə nɛt ˈjuʒəwəli kʊd ˈizəli dɪˈtɛkt hɪz ˈtɔrˌsoʊ, hɛd ənd ˈmeɪbi hɪz lɛgz, bət ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈnɛvər ðə ɑrmz ər hænz. ˈfɪksɪŋ ðɪs ˈjuzɪŋ ɑr ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ðət məʧ əv ən ˈɔpʃən ɛz ɪt wʊd hæv rikˈwaɪərd lɑts əv kəmˈpjutɪŋ paʊər ənd waɪ ˈbɑðər ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈnʊrəl nɛt wɪθ ˈmɪljənz əv pərˈæmətərz ɪf wi fɔl bæk tɪ kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈɪmɪʤ ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ tɛkˈniks ˈɛniˌweɪ? soʊ ɔl ɪn ɔl, wi hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈlərnɪd ə lɔt: ɑr əˈproʊʧ əv ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ ˈjuzər ˈɪnˌpʊts kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ rɑ ˈɪmɪʤ ˈdætə ɛz ˈnʊrəl nɛt ˈɪnˌpʊt lɛd tɪ ˈjuzəbəl ˈaʊtˌpʊts, ˌɔlˈðoʊ kwaɪt kɔrs. dɪˈplɔɪɪŋ səʧ ə nɛt tɪ ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz wɑz ˈpɑsəbəl, ənd ðə pərˈfɔrməns wɑz gʊd ɪˈnəf fər ˈjuzɪŋ ɪt ɪn ən ˌɪnərˈæktɪv tul. ðə nɛkst stɛp wɑz tɪ ˈɑptɪˌmaɪz ðə ˈsɪstəm tɪ fɪks ðə pərˈæmətər saɪz ənd gɪt ˈfaɪnər rɪˈzəlts. kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ ənd wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈtækəl ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk saɪz fərst, ɛz leɪɪŋ ə ˈprɑpər faʊnˈdeɪʃən fər ðə simd laɪk ə seɪn θɪŋ tɪ du. wɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ fər smɔl nɛts wɪθ fju pərˈæmətərz ənd fæst ˈɪnfərəns ɪts hɑrd nɑt tɪ ˈstəmbəl əˈkrɔs ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər baɪ ɛt æl. wɪʧ wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2016 ɪt mɛt ɑr juz keɪs, juz ˈɛni ɪgˈzɑtɪk ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ðət wʊd bi hɑrd tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ɔn ˈmoʊbəl ənd ðə rɪˈzəlts lʊkt ˈprɑməsɪŋ, soʊ wi riˈmuvd ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈnɛtˌwərk frəm ɑr ˈsɪstəm ənd ˌriˈpleɪst ɪt wɪθ ən ˈɔltərd ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən. ənd tɪ ɑr səˈpraɪz, ɪt wərkt ˈɔlˌmoʊst raɪt əˈweɪ. wi hæd tɪ twik ɑr ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈpaɪˌplaɪn, ənd ðə rɪˈzəlts ˈdɪfərd sˈlaɪtli, bət ɔl ɪn ɔl ðə smɔl ˈnɛtˌwərk wɪθ ˈoʊnli 5 ˈmɪljən pərˈæmətərz mæʧt ðə pərˈfɔrməns əv ɑr ˈpriviəs ˈbihəməθ wɪθ 134 ˈmɪljən pərˈæmətərz. wi kˈwɪkli ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɑr kənˈvərʒən skrɪpt ənd faʊnd aʊt ðət ɑr dɪˈplɔɪəbəl ˈmɑdəl faɪl ʤɪst ʃrəŋk frəm tɪ 2.9mb*. wət ə ˈhæpi deɪ! ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər. ˈhævɪŋ sɑlvd ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk saɪz ˈɪʃu, wi wɛnt əˈhɛd ənd θɔt əˈbaʊt ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə priˈsɪʒən əv ɑr priˈdɪkʃənz. ə lɔs əv ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ɪz ˌənəˈvɔɪdəbəl ɪn ˈnʊrəl ˈnɛtˌwərks, ɛz ˈleɪtər leɪərz əkˈwaɪər ə ˈlɑrʤər ““view”*” əv ðə ˈɪnˌpʊts baɪ rɪˈdusɪŋ ðɛr ˈɪnˌpʊt saɪz wɪθ ˈsoʊˈkɔld ““pooling”*” leɪərz. ðiz leɪərz teɪk fər ɪgˈzæmpəl fɔr ˈvæljuz frəm ðə ˈpriviəs leɪər ənd mərʤ ðɛm ˈɪntu ə ˈsɪŋgəl wən. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɑr nu ˈsɪstəm kriˈeɪtɪd ə 32 baɪ ˈɪmɪʤ mæsk frəm ə 512 baɪ ˈɪnˌpʊt ˈɪmɪʤ. əp tɪ naʊ wi ʤɪst skeɪld ðiz əp baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ə trænˈspoʊzd ˈkɑnvəˌluʃən. ðɪs əˈlaʊd ðə nɛt tɪ lərn haʊ ðə wərkt bɛst, bət ðə faɪn ˈditeɪlz frəm ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈɪnˌpʊt ˈɪmɪʤ wər ɔˈrɛdi lɔst æt ðɪs pɔɪnt. ə rəˈfaɪnmənt ˈmɑʤul. wi rɪˈmɛmbərd ˈsɪstəm ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn ˈsəmər 2016 ənd riˈvɪzətɪd ðə əˈkəmpəniɪŋ ˈpeɪpər. ðɛr rəˈfaɪnmənt ˈmɑʤulz simd laɪk ə gʊd fɪt, ɛz ðeɪ wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈgræʤuəli ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪt ˈfiʧərz frəm loʊər ˈlɛvəlz, bət wɪθ haɪər ˌrɛzəˈluʃən, ˈɪntu ðə kɔrs ˈaʊtˌpʊts. wi əˈdɑptəd ðə aɪˈdiə ənd ˈɔltərd ðə rəˈfaɪnmənt ˈmɑʤulz tɪ teɪk ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈaʊtˌpʊt. ðə ˈmɑʤulz ðɛn kəmˈbaɪnd ðə kɔrs ˈaʊtˌpʊt wɪθ ðə ˈpulɪŋ leɪərz ˌɪnərˈmidiɪt rɪˈzəlts ənd wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈfaɪn ðə rɪˈzəlt. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkrist ɑr ˈmɑdəl saɪz ənd ðə ˌkɑmpjəˈteɪʃən kɔsts baɪ ə fɛr əˈmaʊnt, bət lɛd tɪ məʧ ˈfaɪnər ənd mɔr dɪˈteɪld rɪˈzəlts. wəns wi ˈsɛtəld ɔn ɑr ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər, wi ˈstɑrtɪd ən ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈtreɪnɪŋ rən, ɪn wɪʧ wi ˈtɛstɪd mɔr ðən wən ˈhənərd ˈdɪfərənt ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz əv hyperparameters*, ˌɑrkəˈtɛkʧərəl ˈditeɪlz, ənd tɛkˈniks. ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪŋ ðə rɪˈzəlts, wi səˈlɛktɪd ə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən, wɪʧ meɪd ðə bɛst ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz bɪtˈwin ˈækjərəsi ənd ˈɪnfərəns saɪz. ə ʧɑrt ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ˈækjərəsiz ðət iʧ ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən əˈʧivd ˈæftər ə ˈgɪvɪn ˈnəmbər əv stɛps ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs. ɑr rɪˈzəlts ənd ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp ˈhævɪŋ ˈmænɪʤd tɪ fɪks ɔl ðə ˈɪʃuz, wi wər ˈigər tɪ si haʊ ðə hoʊl ˈsɪstəm pərˈfɔrmd ɔn ə ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs wɪθ ˈlɪmɪtɪd kəmˈpjutɪŋ paʊər ənd ˈɪnˌpʊts. wi ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɑr ˈmoʊbəl æp tɪ juz ðə nu ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər ənd ðə ˈfrɛʃli treɪnd ˈmɑdəl tɪ kəmˈpɛr ðə rɪˈfaɪnd ˈsɪstəm tɪ ɑr ˈpriviəs əˈproʊʧ. ðə rɪˈzəlts wər əˈmeɪzɪŋ. wɪn səˈlɛktɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkts ðət mæʧt ðə ˈkætəˌgɔriz əv ɑr ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈdætə ənd wər ˈfʊli ˈvɪzəbəl ɪn ðə ˈɪmɪʤ, wi wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt səˈlɛkʃən mæsks wɪθ ʤɪst ə ˈsɪŋgəl tæp. mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ər ˈlɑrʤər ˈɑbʤɛkts rikˈwaɪərd ə fju mɔr tæps, bət wi kʊd ˈɔlˌweɪz faɪnd ə səˈlɛkʃən mæsk fər ɑr ˈɑbʤɛkt, ðət wɑz æt list ə ˈsɑləd ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ˈfərðər optimizations*. wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ bɪld ə mɔr ˈpɑlɪʃt ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp beɪst ɔn ɑr ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈioʊs æp. ðɪs æp ˈjuzɪz ɑr tɪ ˈɔfər ədˈvænst ˈɪmɪʤ ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfoʊkɪs ənd ˈfɪltər ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ɛz wi wər naʊ ˈeɪbəl tɪ kriˈeɪt mæsks beɪst ɔn ˈɑbʤɛkts ɪn ðə ˈɪmɪʤ wi kˈwɪkli ˈsɛtəld ɔn ɛnˈhænsɪŋ ɑr ˈfɪltər ənd ˈfoʊkɪs tulz wɪθ səˈlɛktɪv ˈmæskɪŋ. ɑr fərst ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp ɪn ˈækʃən.

deep learning for photo editing malte baumann blocked unblock follow following apr 20, 2017 deep learning, a subfield of machine learning, has become one of the most known areas in the ongoing ai hype. having led to many important publications and impressive results, it is applied to dozens of different scenarios and has already yielded interesting results like human-like speech generation, high accuracy object detection, advanced machine translation, super resolution and many more. there is a steady flow of papers and publications that describe the latest advances in network design, compare existing architectures or describe unseen approaches leading to even better results than the current state-of-the-art. at the same time more and more companies and developers jump on the deep learning bandwagon and deploy the ideas and architectures to real world production systems. this article describes our approach to applying deep learning to our image editing product, the struggle we had with finding the right architecture and the experiences we made while developing a system that can be deployed to mobile devices. our vision at 9elements, we’ve had various ai topics on our radar for quite some time now. with deep learning, we finally found a tremendous opportunity for our product, the photoeditor sdk: we believe ai-based algorithms could be the ideal approach to boost our users creative output and simplify complex design tasks. given the hype and results, we decided to dip our toes into deep learning, which quickly lead to some research regarding the most common challenges in interactive image editing. we quickly surfaced image segmentation as a major challenge that could be solved using deep learning and started investigating further. if you have ever tried to select a distinctive region in a picture, say your best friend on the beach or your cute pet, you know the struggle of carefully moving your cursor along the object’s outer bounds until you eventually miss a part or accidentally select something that doesn’t belong to the object. professional image editing tools can be quite helpful in accomplishing such tasks, but on the one hand, they aren’t available on your mobile device, where you take and publish the images, and on the other hand, can be quite expensive and usually require some hands-on time, before you can produce anything usable. our goal was to finally remove the hassle from image clipping. we wanted to reduce the required user interaction to a minimum while offering an intuitive solution that doesn’t require any manuals or online courses. on top of that, as we provide native sdks for html, ios and android, the solution had to be deployable to all of these systems without relying on a powerful backend or being limited to certain features. having formulated our rather ambitious goals, we started our journey by looking into the most common research papers and classic techniques for image segmentation. we then focused on the deep learning part and quickly had an idea on how to design our approach. our journey image segmentation, the process of classifying each pixel in a picture to be rather fore- or background, is a popular research field and still perceived as quite challenging due to the complicated nature of the task. we, humans, are extremely well trained at perceiving scenes, identifying objects and making logical assumptions based on the visual input we receive. for a long time, all approaches were based on colors, edges, and contrast and relied heavily on fine-tuned parameters, which had to be adjusted to every new scenario. that changed in 2012 when krizhevsky et al. presented astonishing object classification results on the imagenet benchmark using a neural network. suddenly a system was able to classify objects with unprecedented accuracy and no need for any human fine-tuning. the neural network was ‘just’ trained on the dataset by seeing images combined with their corresponding labels and adjusting its internal representation until it couldn’t learn any further. as we had already decided on using deep learning for our task, using a neural net clearly was our way to go. we started by examining the existing solutions and approaches, created our first prototype based on our findings and refined our approach and implementation until everything met our expectations. scene labeling the first approaches we examined focused on segmenting the whole image. this is a common task called scene labeling or semantic labeling, because it allows robots and other systems to understand a scene. the goal is to classify each pixel in an image to a particular object category. an example could be a self-driving car that searches for the road and tries to determine whether any pedestrians are crossing the street. such a car would try to classify each pixel as road, pedestrian, tree, traffic sign, etc.: human labeled scene from the cityscapes dataset while offering lots of possibilities, the existing solutions were lacking the desired accuracy we needed to provide visually pleasing image segmentations. for a self-driving car, it doesn’t matter if the ‘person’ region for some pedestrian accurately covers the person’s outlines. however, for us it does. to overcome these issues we experimented with post processing techniques that used the segmentations we found as a base for further optimisations. this lead to our first approach where we would initially segment the entire image using a convolutional neural network, offer the found regions as selectable regions to a user and then try to refine the user’s selection using conventional image segmentations to find the best possible mask. while already yielding some useful results the system did not quite match our requirements. if the initial segmentation was too coarse or off in critical regions, the user could never select an area that would lead to his desired segmentation. image segmentation based on user inputs we went back to the drawing board and searched for other approaches that would fit our use case. it take long, and we stumbled upon deep interactive object selection, a paper that presents an interactive system which creates image segmentations based on user clicks. it looked like a good fit for our requirements, and we updated our existing system to generate fake user inputs and train on combinations of these inputs and images. to train the net, we used the publicly available coco dataset, which contains around 300.000 images with more than 2 million annotated object instances. to handle the amount of data, we limited our training data to a subset of the full dataset. this subset was made up of images that contain objects from certain categories and cover a minimum area within the image. as we generated the inputs artificially by adding clicks on the object mask, we could generate as many training data from the coco subset as we wanted. after some experiments, we settled for three different strategies to create user inputs and trained the net with roughly 300.000 training records. an input image, a distance map generated from user clicks and the corresponding groundtruth label for an mscoco sample. the masks generated by the updated system were quite impressive already. the neural net could infer which object the user wanted to mask in the image, just by looking at raw pixel data and the user’s clicks on the object. happy with the first results, we tried to tackle the next hurdle. before diving deeper into optimizing the neural net, which is a rather error prone process and consumes lots of time, we wanted to deploy the net to a mobile device. we wanted to make sure that such a tool is usable on any device and the performance would match our expectations. neural nets on mobile devices neural nets are sets of operations, executed in a specific order and based on millions of parameters. therefore one “run” of such a net requires a lot of computation power, as millions of calculations have to be carried out. at the same time, the millions of parameters need to be deployed, as they represent the model or the representation the neural net has learned during training. so, to deploy our neural net, we had to solve these two requirements on an iphone. the first requirement, computing power, was thankfully solved by apple. with the latest ios version a specialised framework, called metal performance shaders, was introduced. it offers the all required operations and is tailored to run these on the phones gpu, which is fast and efficient. to execute our net using the framework we had to translate our tensorflow network code to swift and rebuild the net’s architecture using metal performance shader operations. sadly apple only supports a subset of todays common neural network operations, so we were forced to write some shader code to reconstruct the full network. the second requirement, extracting the trained parameters and deploying them to the device was much easier. we just had to restore our previously trained model from a tensorflow checkpoint, write all trained variables into a file and deploy this file with our ios app. when needed, the ios app would load the file into memory, and our network implementation would use the given parameters to run an inference pass. having met the two requirements, our network worked fine on an iphone. we added the postprocessing operations and were able to segment images by a single tap without the need for a backend or any network communication. but there were some caveats. while our neural net was a very common and widely used network, it was huge regarding the trainable variables. a trained model contains ~134 million parameters, which translates to about half a gigabyte of data that needs to be deployed with the app. this was obviously a showstopper for a mobile image editing app, as we couldn’t justify a 500mb download just to be able to segment images with your finger. furthermore, the results were still very coarse. if your colleague waved his arms in an image, the net usually could easily detect his torso, head and maybe his legs, but almost never the arms or hands. fixing this using our postprocessing algorithms wasn’t that much of an option as it would have required lots of computing power and why bother using a neural net with millions of parameters if we fall back to conventional image processing techniques anyway? so all in all, we had already learned a lot: our approach of processing user inputs combined with raw image data as neural net input led to usable outputs, although quite coarse. deploying such a net to mobile devices was possible, and the performance was good enough for using it in an interactive tool. the next step was to optimize the system to fix the parameter size and get finer results. combining squeezenet and sharpmask we decided to tackle the network size first, as laying a proper foundation for optimizing the coarseness seemed like a sane thing to do. when looking for small nets with few parameters and fast inference its hard not to stumble across the squeezenet architecture by iandola et al. which was published in november 2016. it met our use case, use any exotic operations that would be hard to implement on mobile and the results looked promising, so we removed the original network from our system and replaced it with an altered squeezenet implementation. and to our surprise, it worked almost right away. we had to tweak our training pipeline, and the results differed slightly, but all in all the small network with only ~5 million parameters matched the performance of our previous behemoth with ~134 million parameters. we quickly updated our conversion script and found out that our deployable model file just shrunk from ~500mb to 2.9mb. what a happy day! the squeezenet architecture. having solved the network size issue, we went ahead and thought about increasing the precision of our predictions. a loss of resolution is unavoidable in convolutional neural networks, as later layers acquire a larger “view” of the inputs by reducing their input size with so-called “pooling” layers. these layers take for example four values from the previous layer and merge them into a single one. therefore our new squeezenet-based system created a 32 by 32-pixel image mask from a 512 by 512-pixel input image. up to now we just scaled these up by using a transposed convolution. this allowed the net to learn how the upscaling worked best, but the fine details from the initial input image were already lost at this point. a sharpmask refinement module. we remembered facebooks sharpmask system introduced in summer 2016 and revisited the accompanying paper. their refinement modules seemed like a good fit, as they were able to gradually incorporate features from lower levels, but with higher resolution, into the coarse outputs. we adopted the idea and altered the refinement modules to take the final squeezenet output. the modules then combined the coarse squeezenet output with the pooling layers intermediate results and were able to refine the result. this increased our model size and the computation costs by a fair amount, but lead to much finer and more detailed results. once we settled on our architecture, we started an extensive training run, in which we tested more than one hundred different variations of hyperparameters, architectural details, and resizing techniques. evaluating the results, we selected a variation, which made the best compromise between accuracy and inference speed/model size. a chart showing the accuracies that each variation achieved after a given number of steps during the training process. our results and prototype having managed to fix all the issues, we were eager to see how the whole system performed on a mobile device with limited computing power and inputs. we updated our mobile app to use the new network architecture and the freshly trained model to compare the refined system to our previous approach. the results were amazing. when selecting objects that matched the categories of our training data and were fully visible in the image, we were able to generate fine-grained selection masks with just a single tap. more complex or larger objects required a few more taps, but we could always find a selection mask for our object, that was at least a solid starting point for further optimizations. we decided to build a more polished prototype based on our existing img.ly ios app. this app uses our photoeditor sdk to offer advanced image editing including focus and filter operations. as we were now able to create masks based on objects in the image we quickly settled on enhancing our filter and focus tools with selective masking. our first prototype in action.

kənˈstrəkʃən əv ðə ˈθərˌdi ˈmitər ˈtɛləˌskoʊp, ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd əˈbəv, ɪn həˈwaɪˌi rɪˈmeɪnz ɔn hoʊld, ənd ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt həz dɪˈvɛləpt ə b”*” ʃʊd ðoʊz plænz feɪl tɪ wɪn əˈpruvəl. (ˈkrɛdɪt:) dɪˈsɪʒən taɪm fər ðə ˈθərˌdi ˈmitər ˈtɛləˌskoʊp tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ, əˈstrɑnəmərz wər ˈgɪrɪŋ əp fər ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv kənˈstrəkʃən əv wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈtɛləˌskoʊps. ðə ˈθərˌdi ˈmitər ˈtɛləˌskoʊp descriptively*, ɪf unimaginatively*, ˈæftər ðə daɪˈæmətər əv ɪts ˈpraɪˌmɛri sɛt tɪ stɑrt ˈteɪkɪŋ ʃeɪp nɪr ðə ˈsəmɪt əv ɔn ðə bɪg ˈaɪlənd əv həˈwaɪˌi. wɪθ əˈpruvəlz frəm steɪt əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˈfəndɪŋ frəm ˈvɛriəs ˈpɑrtnərz ɪn pleɪs, ðə kənˈsɔrʃjəm ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə əbˈzərvəˌtɔri fər jɪrz wɑz ˈrɛdi tɪ stɑrt ˈtərnɪŋ ɪts ˈkɑnsɛpts ˈɪntu ˌriˈæləˌti. ɪkˈsɛpt ðə ˈtɛləˌskoʊp stɑrt kənˈstrəkʃən. ˈproʊˌtɛsts baɪ ˈneɪtɪv həˈwaɪən grups blɑkt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈsəmɪt baɪ kənˈstrəkʃən kruz fər mənθs, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðə tɪ hɔlt plænz tɪ stɑrt ˈbɪldɪŋ ðə əbˈzərvəˌtɔri (si ˈmitər troubles”*”, ðə speɪs ˌrivˈju, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 6 2015 ðə ˈɛfərt ˈsəfərd əˈnəðər ˈsɛtˌbæk ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2015 wɪn ðə səˈprim kɔrt əv həˈwaɪˌi rɪˈvoʊkt ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ˈpərˌmɪt, ˈsaɪtɪŋ prəˈsiʤərəl ˈɛrərz baɪ ðə steɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ə case”*” ˈhirɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpərˌmɪt. ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ɔn ðə bɔrd ðət wi ˈnidɪd tɪ hæv ə plæn b,”*,” sɛd boʊlt. mɔr ðən ə jɪr ˈleɪtər, stɪl noʊ ˈsərtənti əˈbaʊt wɪn, ər wɛr, ðə wɪl bi bɪlt. ə nu kənˈtɛstəd keɪs ˈhirɪŋ fər ə ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈpərˌmɪt ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ˈfaɪnəli ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər, ənd həz gɔn sˈloʊli. wər ˈhoʊpɪŋ ɪt wʊd stɑrt læst spring,”*,” sɛd ˈmaɪkəl boʊlt, ən əˈstrɑnəmər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈsænə kruz ənd ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə bɔrd əv ˈgəvərnərz, ˈdʊrɪŋ ə taʊn hɔl ˈmitɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈfraɪˌdeɪ æt ðə ˈmitɪŋ əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌæstrəˈnɑmɪkəl soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn ˈtɛksəs. ɪt ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt ˈvɛri slowly.”*.” ðə peɪs əv ðə ˈhirɪŋ həz pɪkt əp sɪns ðət sloʊ stɑrt, hi sɛd, wɪn ɪt tʊk 12 deɪz əv ˈhirɪŋz ʤɪst tɪ gɪt θru ðə fərst θri ˈwɪtnəsɪz. boʊlt gɪv ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪt əv wɪn ðə ˈhirɪŋ wʊd bi kəmˈplitɪd ənd ə ˈrulɪŋ meɪd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpərˌmɪt, bət səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs wʊd bi kəmˈplitɪd, wɪθ ə ˈpərˌmɪt ˈhoʊpfəli ˈɪʃud, ɪn ðə nɛkst fju mənθs. ənˈlaɪkli tɪ ɛnd ðə dəˈbeɪt əˈbaʊt ˈbɪldɪŋ əˈtɑp. wi goʊ θru ðət ənd ə ˈpərˌmɪt ɪz ˈɪʃud ɪn ðə nɛkst fju mənθs, ˈɔlˌmoʊst fər ʃʊr bi ˈʧælənʤd ɪn court,”*,” hi sɛd. səʧ ə ˈʧælənʤ wʊd goʊ dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ðə steɪt səˈprim kɔrt ˈəndər ə nu lɔ, hi sɛd, ˈɛkspəˌdaɪtɪŋ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. ɔˈrɛdi ˈhæpənd wɪθ əˈnəðər əbˈzərvəˌtɔri, wɪθ ðə kɔrt əˈphoʊldɪŋ ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər ə ˈpərˌmɪt ˈɪʃud fər ðə ˈdænjəl keɪ. ˌɪˈnuˌeɪ ˈsoʊlər ˈtɛləˌskoʊp biɪŋ bɪlt əˈtɑp ɔn maʊi. boʊlt ənd ˈəðər əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ðeɪ rɪˈmeɪn ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk ðət ðeɪ wɪl gɪt ə ˈpərˌmɪt ənd wɪn ˈɛni ˈligəl ˈʧælənʤ. ðeɪ hæv, ðoʊ, bɪn ˈæktɪvli dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ə ˈbæˌkəp tɪ. ə rɪsk ðə kənˈtɛstəd keɪs bi ruld ɪn ɑr ˈfeɪvər. ə rɪsk ðət ðə lænd bɔrd wɪl nɑt ˈɪʃu ə nu ˈpərˌmɪt, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn wət ˈhæpənz wɪθ ðə kənˈtɛstəd keɪs. ə rɪsk ðət ðə həˈwaɪˌi səˈprim kɔrt wɪl θroʊ aʊt ɑr ˈpərˌmɪt, nɑt ɔn prəˈsiʤərəl graʊnz ðɪs taɪm, bət ɔn ðə substance,”*,” hi sɛd. wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ɔn ðə bɔrd ðət wi ˈnidɪd tɪ hæv ə plæn b.”*.” ðət ˈɛfərt ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈstədiɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl ɔlˈtərnətɪv loʊˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə, ˈʧɪli, ˈɪndiə, ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ənd kəˈnɛri ˈaɪləndz. fər iʧ saɪt, boʊlt sɛd, ðə tim lʊkt æt ˈsɛvərəl ˈɪʃuz, frəm ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈbɛnəfɪts ənd ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌfizəˈbɪləti əv ˈbɪldɪŋ ðə ðɛr tɪ ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ənd ˈəðər ˈligəl ˈɪʃuz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ˈgɪtɪŋ əˈpruvəlz tɪ bɪld ɪt. ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər, ðə bɔrd riʧt ə dɪˈsɪʒən: ðə dɛl roʊk də lɔs (orm*), ɔn lɑ ˈpɑlmə ɪn ðə kəˈnɛri ˈaɪləndz, wɪl sərv ɛz ðə ˈɔltərˌneɪt saɪt fər ðə ˈtɛləˌskoʊp, ʃʊd nɑt bi ˈfizəbəl fər səm ˈrizən. boʊlt ˈɑrgjud ðət wʊd bi ə gʊd fɪt fər ɪf ɪt bi bɪlt ɪn həˈwaɪˌi. waɪl ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ðə əbˈzərvəˌtɔri wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər səm ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz tɪ fɪt ɔn ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪv kənˈstrəkʃən əv ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wʊd hæv tɪ bi ʧeɪnʤd bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈdɪfərənt ʤiˈɑləʤi əv ðə ˈmaʊntən, hi saɪt ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈɔfərd ə ˈsɪmələr ˈfrækʃən əv klɪr naɪts ənd gʊd siɪŋ ɛz. ə bɪg ˈdɪfərəns, hi ækˈnɑlɪʤd, ɪz ðə ˈæltəˌtud: ɪz ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt ˈmitərz əˈbəv si ˈlɛvəl, ə ˈkɪləˌmitər ənd ə hæf loʊər ðən ˈmɔnə ki. ðət minz ə ˈwɔrmər ˈætməsˌfɪr wɪθ mɔr ˈwɔtər ˈveɪpər, wɪʧ kʊd əˈfɛkt ˌɪnfrərˈɛd ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr. ˈplænɪŋ tɪ du lɑts əv lɑts əv wərk ɪn ðə mid-infrared*, nɑt ɛz gʊd ə site,”*,” hi sɛd. rɪˈmeɪnz ɑr prɪˈfərd site,”*,” boʊlt sɛd. əv ˈjuˈɛs ər ˈwərkɪŋ ɛz hɑrd ɛz wi kən tɪ meɪk həˈwaɪˌi wərk, ənd wi hoʊp haʊ ɪt wərks out.”*.” ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ æt ə haɪər ˈlætəˌtud: əˈbaʊt 29 dɪˈgriz nɔrθ, ˈvərsəz 20 dɪˈgriz nɔrθ fər. ðət wʊd kip frəm əbˈzərvɪŋ səm pɑrts əv ðə ˈsəðərn skaɪ ˈvɪzəbəl frəm həˈwaɪˌi bət nɑt ðə kəˈnɛriz. ðət, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz nɑt kənˈsɪdərd ə dealbreaker*, ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz tu ˈəðər ˈsoʊˈkɔld lɑrʤ telescopes,”*,” ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ɪkˈstrimli lɑrʤ ˈtɛləˌskoʊp ənd ðə ʤaɪənt məˈʤɛlən ˈtɛləˌskoʊp, ər plænd fər ˈʧɪli. ɪn ðə nɔrθ ɪz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈæˌspɛkt fər ðə site,”*,” sɛd ˈkæθərɪn əv ˌɪndiˈænə ˌjunəˈvərsəti, hu ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə ˈplænɪŋ ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ðət wʊd dɪˈfaɪn ˈpɑsəbəl fˈjuʧər ˈɔpʃənz fər ˈnæʃənəl saɪəns faʊnˈdeɪʃən pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn ðə. səm sɛns, ɪt meɪks noʊ sɛns tɪ hæv ɔl əv ðə lɑrʤ ˈtɛləˌskoʊps ɪn ðə ˈsəðərn hemisphere.”*.” nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən æt ðə taʊn hɔl ˈmitɪŋ, ðoʊ, wɑz kənˈvɪnst əv ðə kˈwɑləti əv, wɪθ əˈtɛnˈdiz ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈænɪkˌdoʊts əˈbaʊt gʊd ər bæd ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz əbˈzərvɪŋ æt ˈəðər ˈtɛləˌskoʊps ðɛr. wɑz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈdubiəs əˈbaʊt ðə kəˈnɛri islands,”*,” boʊlt ədˈmɪtəd. ər ˈmɛni ˌænɪkˈdoʊtəl ˈstɔriz. bət ɪn ðə ɛnd ˈsaɪəntɪsts, ənd ðə ˈdætə bɛr aʊt ə ˈnəmbər əv ˌænɪkˈdoʊtəl stories.”*.” wɪθ səˈlɛktɪd ɛz ðə ˈbæˌkəp saɪt, ðə ɪz ˈstɑrtɪŋ wərk ðɛr tɪ priˈpɛr kənˈstrəkʃən ðɛr, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ə ˈhoʊstɪŋ əˈgrimənt wɪθ ənd bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ðə pərˈmɪtɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ stɪl kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈbɪldɪŋ ðə ˈtɛləˌskoʊp ɔn ɪf ɪt kən sɪˈkjʊr ə ˈpərˌmɪt ənd sərˈvaɪv ə ˈlaɪkli ˈligəl ˈʧælənʤ. rɪˈmeɪnz ɑr prɪˈfərd site,”*,” boʊlt sɛd. əv ˈjuˈɛs ər ˈwərkɪŋ ɛz hɑrd ɛz wi kən tɪ meɪk həˈwaɪˌi wərk, ənd wi hoʊp haʊ ɪt wərks out.”*.” waɪ, ðɛn, pɪk ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv saɪt ənd stɑrt ˈplænɪŋ fər ɪts dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪf rɪˈmeɪnz ðə prɪˈfərd loʊˈkeɪʃən? boʊlt səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə ˈpeɪʃəns fər dɪˈleɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ həˈwaɪˌi wɑz ˈrənɪŋ aʊt, seɪɪŋ ðət nidz access”*” tɪ ə saɪt ɪn pleɪs baɪ ðɪs fɔl soʊ ðət səm əv ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈpɑrtnərz kən ˌɪnˈklud kənˈstrəkʃən plænz ˈɪntu ðɛr 2018 ˈbəʤɪts. goʊɪŋ tɪ bɪld ðɪs ˈtɛləˌskoʊp səm pleɪs, ˈiðər ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ər æt lɑ palma,”*,” hi sɛd. wɔnt tɪ stɑrt kənˈstrəkʃən baɪ ˈeɪprəl ə ˈvɛri ril kˈwɛʃən, ðoʊ, əv ˈwɛðər ðət wɪl bi ˈpɑsəbəl ɔn. ˈivɪn ɪf gɪts ə nu kənˈstrəkʃən ˈpərˌmɪt, ənd ðət ˈpərˌmɪt ɪz əˈfərmd baɪ ðə steɪt səˈprim kɔrt, ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi rɪˈnud ˈproʊˌtɛsts baɪ ˈneɪtɪv həˈwaɪən grups hu əˈpoʊz kənˈstrəkʃən əv ˈɛni nu əbˈzərvəˌtɔri ɔn ðə ˈmaʊntən ðeɪ kənˈsɪdər ˈseɪkrɪd. ðə ˈərliər ˈproʊˌtɛsts, ˈæftər ɔl, hæd ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl tɪ du əˈbaʊt kleɪmz əv prəˈsiʤərəl flɔz ɪn əˈwɔrdɪŋ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl kənˈstrəkʃən ˈpərˌmɪt. ˈkjʊriəsli, ðɛr wɑz ˈlɪtəl dɪˈskəʃən æt ðə taʊn hɔl ˈmitɪŋ əˈbaʊt nu ˈaʊˌtriʧ ˈɛfərts tɪ ˈneɪtɪv həˈwaɪənz ənd ˈəðərz. θɔt wi hæd dən ə kwaɪt gʊd job”*” ɪn ðoʊz ərˈɪʤənəl ˈaʊˌtriʧ ˈɛfərts, boʊlt sɛd. wɑz ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt mistaken.”*.” æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə taʊn hɔl ˈmitɪŋ, boʊlt riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈprɛfərəns tɪ ˈbɪldɪŋ ðə əbˈzərvəˌtɔri ɔn. ““but*, ju əˈʤəst jʊr ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz tɪ reality,”*,” hi sɛd. ɔl spɛnt ə lɔt əv taɪm ənd ˈdɔlərz ɔn ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt. ənd ɪf ðə ʧɔɪs ɪz wɔk əˈweɪ, ər ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv saɪt, aɪ θɪŋk ˈɛvriˌwən wɪl goʊ fər ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv site.”*.” hoʊm

construction of the thirty meter telescope, illustrated above, in hawaii remains on hold, and the project has developed a “plan b” should those plans fail to win approval. (credit: tmt) decision time for the thirty meter telescope two years ago, astronomers were gearing up for the beginning of construction of one of the world’s largest telescopes. the thirty meter telescope (tmt)—named descriptively, if unimaginatively, after the diameter of its primary mirror—was set to start taking shape near the summit of maunakea on the big island of hawaii. with approvals from state officials and funding from various partners in place, the consortium working on the observatory for years was ready to start turning its concepts into reality. except the telescope didn’t start construction. protests by native hawaiian groups blocked access to the summit by construction crews for months, forcing the tmt to halt plans to start building the observatory (see “thirty meter troubles”, the space review, july 6, 2015). the effort suffered another setback in december 2015, when the supreme court of hawaii revoked the tmt’s construction permit, citing procedural errors by the state during a “contested case” hearing about the permit. “we decided on the board that we needed to have a plan b,” said bolte. more than a year later, there’s still no certainty about when, or where, the tmt will be built. a new contested case hearing for a building permit in hawaii finally started in october, and has gone slowly. “we were hoping it would start last spring,” said michael bolte, an astronomer at the university of california santa cruz and a member of the tmt’s board of governors, during a town hall meeting about tmt friday at the 229th meeting of the american astronomical society in texas. “and it started out very slowly.” the pace of the hearing has picked up since that slow start, he said, when it took 12 days of hearings just to get through the first three witnesses. bolte didn’t give an estimate of when the hearing would be completed and a ruling made about the permit, but suggested that the process would be completed, with a permit hopefully issued, in the next few months. that’s unlikely to end the debate about building tmt atop maunakea. “if we go through that and a permit is issued in the next few months, almost for sure it’ll be challenged in court,” he said. such a challenge would go directly to the state supreme court under a new law, he said, expediting the process. that’s already happened with another observatory, with the court upholding in october a permit issued for the daniel k. inouye solar telescope being built atop haleakala on maui. bolte and other tmt officials said they remain optimistic that they will get a permit and win any legal challenge. they have, though, been actively developing a backup to maunakea. “there’s a risk the contested case won’t be ruled in our favor. there’s a risk that the land board will not issue a new permit, depending on what happens with the contested case. there’s a risk that the hawaii supreme court will throw out our permit, not on procedural grounds this time, but on the substance,” he said. “so we decided on the board that we needed to have a plan b.” that effort included studying several alternative locations in china, chile, india, mexico, and spain’s canary islands. for each site, bolte said, the tmt team looked at several issues, from the scientific benefits and technical feasibility of building the tmt there to regulatory and other legal issues involved with getting approvals to build it. in october, the tmt board reached a decision: the observtorio del roque de los muchachos (orm), on la palma in the canary islands, will serve as the alternate site for the telescope, should maunkea not be feasible for some reason. bolte argued that orm would be a good fit for tmt if it can’t be built in hawaii. while the design of the observatory would require some modifications to fit on the alternative site—the construction of the foundation, for example, would have to be changed because of the different geology of the mountain, he said—the site overall offered a similar fraction of clear nights and good seeing as maunakea. a big difference, he acknowledged, is the altitude: orm is only about 2,400 meters above sea level, a kilometer and a half lower than mauna kea. that means a warmer atmosphere with more water vapor, which could affect infrared observations in particular. “if you’re planning to do lots of lots of work in the mid-infrared, it’s not as good a site,” he said. “hawaii remains our preferred site,” bolte said. “all of us are working as hard as we can to make hawaii work, and we hope that’s how it works out.” orm is also at a higher latitude: about 29 degrees north, versus 20 degrees north for maunakea. that would keep tmt from observing some parts of the southern sky visible from hawaii but not the canaries. that, however, is not considered a dealbreaker, in part because two other so-called “extremely large telescopes,” the european extremely large telescope and the giant magellan telescope, are planned for chile. “being in the north is an important aspect for the site,” said catherine pilachowski of indiana university, who is working on a planning document that would define possible future options for national science foundation participation in the tmt. “in some sense, it makes no sense to have all of the large telescopes in the southern hemisphere.” not everyone at the town hall meeting, though, was convinced of the quality of orm, with attendees exchanging anecdotes about good or bad experiences observing at other telescopes there. “i was a little dubious about the canary islands,” bolte admitted. “there are many anecdotal stories. but in the end we’re scientists, and the data didn’t bear out a number of anecdotal stories.” with orm selected as the backup site, the tmt is starting work there to prepare construction there, including negotiating a hosting agreement with orm and beginning the permitting process. at the same time, tmt officials say they’re still committed to building the telescope on maunakea if it can secure a permit and survive a likely legal challenge. “hawaii remains our preferred site,” bolte said. “all of us are working as hard as we can to make hawaii work, and we hope that’s how it works out.” why, then, pick an alternative site and start planning for its development if maunakea remains the preferred location? bolte suggested that the observatory’s patience for delays building hawaii was running out, saying that tmt needs “assured access” to a site in place by this fall so that some of the tmt’s various partners can include construction plans into their 2018 budgets. “we’re going to build this telescope some place, either in hawaii or at la palma,” he said. “we want to start construction by april 2018.” there’s a very real question, though, of whether that will be possible on maunakea. even if tmt gets a new construction permit, and that permit is affirmed by the state supreme court, there’s likely to be renewed protests by native hawaiian groups who oppose construction of any new observatory on the mountain they consider sacred. the earlier protests, after all, had very little to do about claims of procedural flaws in awarding the original construction permit. curiously, there was little discussion at the town hall meeting about new outreach efforts to native hawaiians and others. “i thought we had done a quite good job” in those original outreach efforts, bolte said. “that was a little bit mistaken.” at the end of the town hall meeting, bolte reiterated the tmt’s preference to building the observatory on maunakea. “but, you adjust your expectations to reality,” he said. “we’ve all spent a lot of time and somebody’s dollars on this project. and if the choice is walk away, or an alternative site, i think everyone will go for an alternative site.” home

antibubbles* wət ɪz ən? ən ɪz ðə ˈɑpəzɪt əv ə ˈbəbəl. ə soʊp ˈbəbəl ɪn ɛr ɪz ə θɪn fɪlm əv ˈlɪkwɪd sərˈaʊndɪŋ ɛr. ən ɪn ˈlɪkwɪd ɪz ə θɪn fɪlm əv ɛr sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈlɪkwɪd. noʊt ðət ən ɪz ˈdɪfərənt ðən ən ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ɛr ˈbəbəl ɪn ˈlɪkwɪd. ən ɛr ˈbəbəl ɪz ˈsɪmpli səm ɛr sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˈlɪkwɪd. ən həz ˈlɪkwɪd insideoutside*. ðeɪ fɔrm wɪn ə "bul" ər ˈwɔtər ˈdrɑplət ˈprɛsɪz θru ðə ˈsərfəs wɪθ ə θɪn ˈkoʊtɪŋ əv ɛr. ðɪs ɪz ˈnaɪsli ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd tɪ ðə raɪt ɪn ðə drɔɪŋ frəm ʧæŋ wət ər səm ˈprɑpərtiz əv? sɪns ðeɪ ər ˈmoʊstli ˈwɔtər wɪθ ə ˈvɛri θɪn skɪn əv ɛr, ər ʤɪst sˈlaɪtli ˈlaɪtər ðən ðə sərˈaʊndɪŋ fluɪd. ðɪs ɪz haʊ ju kən ˈizəli spɑt wən. ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ɛr ˈbəbəlz kˈwɪkli raɪz tɪ ðə ˈsərfəs; teɪk ə lɔŋ taɪm tɪ raɪz tɪ ðə tɔp. ɪn fækt, ɪf ðə ˈɪnər fluɪd ɪn ən ɪz ˈsəmˈwət ˈhɛviər ðən ðə sərˈaʊndɪŋ fluɪd, ðə wɪl ˈæˌkʧuəli sɪŋk. wɪn ən pɑps, ɔl ðət rɪˈmeɪnz ər səm ˈvɛri ˈtaɪni ɛr ˈbəbəlz ðət ˈræpədli raɪz. ɪf ju juz ðɪs peɪʤ ɛz ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən fər ə saɪəns ˈprɑʤɛkt ər ˈəðər greɪt θɪŋz, pliz sɛnd mi ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ə dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv jʊr rɪˈzəlts. aɪ wɪl poʊst ðɛm hir wɪθ ˈkrɛdɪt tɪ ju. jul bi ˈfeɪməs! c.t*. nadovich*, ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd.

antibubbles what is an antibubble? an antibubble is the opposite of a bubble. a soap bubble in air is a thin film of liquid surrounding air. an antibubble in liquid is a thin film of air surrounding liquid. note that an antibubble is different than an ordinary air bubble in liquid. an ordinarry air bubble is simply some air surrounded by liquid. an antibubble has liquid insideoutside. they form when a "boule" or water droplet presses through the surface with a thin coating of air. this is nicely illustrated to the right in the drawing from chang what are some properties of antibubbles? since they are mostly water with a very thin skin of air, antibubbles are just slightly lighter than the surrounding fluid. this is how you can easily spot one. ordinary air bubbles quickly rise to the surface; antibubbles take a long time to rise to the top. in fact, if the inner fluid in an antibubble is somewhat heavier than the surrounding fluid, the antibubble will actually sink. when an antibubble pops, all that remains are some very tiny air bubbles that rapidly rise. if you use this page as inspiration for a science project or other great things, please send me a photo and/or a description of your results. i will post them here with credit to you. you'll be famous! © 1998-2018 c.t. nadovich, all rights reserved.

wɪr ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ə fləd əv ˈlɪtərˌɛri ˈnɑvəlz ðət pleɪ wɪθ saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən aɪˈdiəz raɪt naʊ. wəts ˈkɔzɪŋ ɪt? ənd haʊ kən saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ɔl əv ðɪs frɛʃ ˈɛnərʤi? ðɛr hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ə lɔt əv ˈlɪtərˌɛri ˈraɪtərz traɪɪŋ ðɛr hænd æt ˈraɪtɪŋ əˈbaʊt taɪm ˈtrævəl, wərldz ər ˈmɑnstərz, bət baɪ ˈɛni ˈstændərd ðɪs jɪr ɪz ənˈjuˌʒuəl. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ə ˈkəpəl əv nu ˈlɪtərˌɛri bʊks wɪθ saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz, wɪr ˈgɪtɪŋ ə bənʧ ɔl æt wəns. ɪt simz laɪk ˈmɛni, ɪf nɑt moʊst, əv ðə bɪg ˈlɪtərˌɛri bʊks əv ðə jɪr dil wɪθ saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən wən weɪ ər ðə ˈəðər. ðə wən ˈglɛrɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpʃən, əv kɔrs, ɪz ˈʤɑnəθən ˈfridəm. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt hɪrz ə ˈpɑrʃəl lɪst əv ˈrisənt saɪəns ˈfɪkʃənəl bʊks baɪ ˈɔθərz wɪθ ə ˈlɪtərˌɛri ˈpɛdəgri: ˈsoʊlər baɪ ˈiən ˈmækuæn, əˈbaʊt ə ˈsaɪəntɪst hu ˈstəmbəlz ɔn ə weɪ tɪ juz kˈwɑntəm ˈfɪzɪks tɪ gɪt mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt ˈsoʊlər ˈɛnərʤi. rɛd ɑr ˌrivˈju hir. ðə fɔr ˈfɪŋgərz əv dɛθ baɪ rɪk ˈmudi, sɛt ɪn ðə jɪr 2025 wɪn ə ˈstrəgəlɪŋ ˈraɪtər ə ˈʧizi saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ˈmuvi. rɛd ɑr ˌrivˈju hir. tru ləv ˈstɔri baɪ ˈgɛri, sɛt ɪn əˈnəðər fˈjuʧər, wɛr ə mæn hu wərks fər ə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈsɛlɪŋ ˌɪnˈdɛfənət laɪf ɪkˈstɛnʃən fɔlz ɪn ləv. ɑr rivˈjuz ˈkəmɪŋ sun. goʊ mˈjutənts! baɪ ˈlɛri dɔɪl, ɪn wɪʧ ðə aɪ ləv ju, bɛθ ˈkupər ˈɔθər ə wərld ɪn wɪʧ ˈeɪliənz lænd ɪn 1951 ənd 20 jɪrz ˈleɪtər ə tɛnθ əv ðə ˈjumən reɪs ɪz hæf ˈeɪliən. ju kən rɛd ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ hændz ˌrivˈju hir. ðə ˈpæsɪʤ baɪ ˈʤəstɪn ˈkroʊnɪn, ɪn wɪʧ ðə əˈwɔrd ˈwɪnər kriˈeɪts ə ˈvæmpaɪr əˈpɑkəˌlɪps. rɛd ə ˌrivˈju hir. haʊ tɪ lɪv ˈseɪfli ɪn ə saɪəns ˈfɪkʃənəl ˈjunəˌvərs baɪ ˈʧɑrəlz ju, ə time-traveling*, ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv ənd kriˈeɪʃən. rɛd ɑr ˌrivˈju hir. ðə ˈθaʊzənd əv ˈʤeɪkəb də baɪ ˈdeɪvɪd ˈmɪʧəl ˈɪzənt oʊˈvərtli saɪəns ˈfɪkʃənəl, bət ðə klaʊd ˈætləs ˈɔθər sɪz ɪts ðə fərst ˈvɑljum əv ə ˈtrɪləʤi ðət wɪl tərn mɔr ɪn ˈleɪtər ˈvɑljumz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt aɪ noʊ aɪv kəm əˈkrɔs ə fju ˈəðər ˈleɪtli, bət ðiz ər ðə wənz ðət ʤəmpt aʊt æt mi. soʊ wəts ˈkɔzɪŋ ðɪs ˈsədən rɪˈnud ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ɔn ðə pɑrt əv lɪt ˈɔθərz? ɪt kʊd bi ˈɛni wən əv ə bənʧ əv θɪŋz. ðɛrz ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət wi lɪv ɪn ə saɪəns ˈfɪkʃənəl wərld, wət wɪθ ðə mərˈækjələs tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd ðə ˈdɪziɪŋ peɪs əv ʧeɪnʤ. ðɛrz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə pərˈveɪsɪv ˈfilɪŋ ɔn ðə pɑrt əv ˈɛnibədi hu ˈwɑʧɪz ðə nuz ðət wi lɪv ɪn ən əˌpɑkəˈlɪptɪk, wərld ˈmudiz bʊk teɪks pleɪs ɪn ən əˈmɛrɪkə ðæts ˈbeɪsɪkli kəˈlæpst, ənd bʊk teɪks pleɪs ɪn ən əˈmɛrɪkə ðət həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈkəntri, ruld baɪ ðə əˈprɛsɪv baɪˈpɑrtɪzən ˈpɑrti. ˈvæmpaɪrz ənd mˈjutənts, əv kɔrs, ər ˈɔfən ˈmɑrkərz fər ənd ˈsoʊʃəl kəˈlæps. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt bət ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈstrimli ˈlaɪkli ðət ðiz ˈɔθərz hæv hərd ˈɛvriˌbɑdi seɪɪŋ, fər jɪrz naʊ, ðət saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən həz ɪts oʊn ˈlɪtərˌɛri trəˈdɪʃən ənd həz ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ ˈɔfər ðə ˈlɪtərˌɛri wərld. ˈæftər jɪrz əv ˈpipəl laɪk ˈmaɪkəl ˈʧeɪbən, ˈʤɑnəθən lethem*, ʤɑn ˈkɛsəl ənd ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊsts ˈmaɪkəl ˈtaʊtɪŋ ðə ˈlɪtərˌɛri əv saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ˈɔθərz, ɪts bɪˈkəm ə mɔr ækˈsɛptɪd vju. ɪts bɪn ðə keɪs fər ˈoʊvər ə ˈdɛkeɪd ðət ju luz pɔɪnts əˈməŋ ˈlɪtərˌɛri ˈhɪpstərz ɪf ju ˈhævənt rɛd ˈfɪlɪp keɪ. dɪk, ənd naʊ ðæts bɪˈkəmɪŋ tru əv ən əˈsɔrtmənt əv ˈəðər ˈɔθərz tu, frəm ˈərsələ keɪ. lə gɪn tɪ ʤin wʊlf. əm ʃʊr ju kən stɪl faɪnd ə ˈlɪtərəʧər prəˈfɛsər ˈsəmˌwɛr hu θɪŋks ɔl saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ɪz ˈrəbɪʃ, ʤɪst laɪk ju kən stɪl faɪnd poʊəts hu ˈoʊnli raɪt ɪn sestinas*. həz tɔkt ɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvəri ˈɪntərvˌju ˈleɪtli əˈbaʊt haʊ hi gru əp ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈæzɪmɑvz saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ˈmægəˌzin, ənd hid ˈwɔntɪd tɪ raɪt ə saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ˈnɑvəl ɔl əˈlɔŋ, bət ɛz ə ˈniəˌfaɪt ˈɔθər ɪn ən ˈproʊˌgræm, hi wɑz dɪˈskərɪʤd frəm duɪŋ ðɪs. ənd hi sɪz hi wɔnts tɪ raɪt əˈbaʊt haʊ "tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz ˈaʊtˌpeɪsɪŋ ɑr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ əbˈzɔrb wət ɪts duɪŋ tɪ ˈjuˈɛs," wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈklæsɪk saɪəns ˈfɪkʃənəl aɪˈdiə. ˈmudiz ˈɔlsoʊ tɔkt ɪn ˈɪntərvˌjuz əˈbaʊt haʊ hi gru əp ˈrɛdɪŋ ə lɔt əv saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən. ənd hi toʊld ðə ˈkrɑnɪkəl təˈdeɪ ðət saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən "allow(s*) mi ən ˌæləˈgɔrɪkəl leɪər ðæts ˈjuʒəwəli ˈfɔrbɪdən ɪn kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈlɪtərˌɛri ˈfɪkʃən." ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ənd ðə θɪŋ ðət ʤəmps aʊt æt ju wɪn ju rɛd ðɪs nu weɪv əv lɪt ˈɔθərz duɪŋ ɪz haʊ əˈwɛr ðeɪ ər əv ðə ˈʒɑnrə. jʊr nɑt ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ˈfɪlɪp rɔθ ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˈhɪstəri wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛvər ˈhævɪŋ rɛd ˈɛni əv ɪt, ər ˈmɑrgərɪt ˈætˌwʊd dɪˈnaɪɪŋ hər ɪz ˈmudi ɪz, tɪ səm ɪkˈstɛnt, peɪɪŋ ˈtrɪbjut tɪ saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən. ˈʧɑrəlz juz bʊk ɪz ˈklɪrli əˈbaʊt saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən. bʊk əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˈʧænəl ðə staɪl əv ˈstivən kɪŋ ɛz məʧ ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈraɪtɪŋ ə saɪəns ˈfɪkʃənəl bʊk wɪˈθaʊt ækˈnɑlɪʤɪŋ ðə ˈʒɑnrə wʊd bi ˈmɪsɪŋ ðə pɔɪnt fər ðiz ˈɔθərz ðɛr ˈraɪtɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈʒɑnrə ɛz məʧ ɛz ðeɪ ər əˈbaʊt saɪəns ˈfɪkʃənəl aɪˈdiəz. (ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðæts lɛs tru ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz, laɪk ˈsoʊlər.) ɪn ˈɛni keɪs, ˈwɛðər ðiz ˈɔθərz ər ækˈnɑlɪʤɪŋ ðɛr dɛt tɪ saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ər nɑt, ðɪs nu krɑp əv ˈlɪtərˌɛri bʊks ɪz ə juʤ bun tɪ ðə ˈʒɑnrə. saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən həz ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈlaɪd ɔn frɛʃ ˌrɛvəˈluʃənz, nu ʃɑks, tɪ kip ɪt frɛʃ ənd forward-looking*. noʊ ˈʒɑnrə kən əˈfɔrd tɪ bɪˈkəm ər self-referential*, bət saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən kən əˈfɔrd ɪt lɛs ðən moʊst. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðiz ʤoʊlts hæv kəm frəm wɪˈθɪn, laɪk ðə nu weɪv əv ðə ənd 1970s*, ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ kəm frəm ˈaʊtˈsaɪd. raɪt naʊ, ˈrɪtən saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ɪz ˈləki ɪˈnəf tɪ hæv tu ˈsɔrsəz əv ɪkˈstərnəl ˈstɪmjələs: ðə fləd əv ˈpɑpjələr jɑ bʊks baɪ ˈɔθərz laɪk suˈzæn ˈkɑlɪnz ənd skɑt ˈwɛstərˌfɛld, ənd ðɪs nu ˈlɪtərˌɛri ɪkˈsploʊʒən. boʊθ kən bi gʊd fər ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim əv saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən, ɪn ˈdɪfərənt weɪz. ɪts tru ðət nɑt ɔl ˈlɪtərˌɛri ˈnɑvəlz wɪθ θimz ər gʊd ju ˈoʊnli hæv tɪ rɛd ʤəˈnɛt ðə stoʊn gɑdz tɪ dɪˈskəvər ðət fər ˈjɔrsɛlf bət ə lɔt əv ðɛm stɪl brɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ nu ənd ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈʒɑnrə. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt soʊ wət kən wi lərn frəm ðiz bʊks, ɛz ˈridərz ənd ɛz ˈraɪtərz əv saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən? wɛl, fərst əv ɔl, ðeɪ kənˈfərm ʤɪst haʊ kloʊz ðə θimz əv saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ər tɪ ðə tˈsaɪtˌgaɪst əv ðə taɪmz wi lɪv ɪn. θæŋks tɪ ðə peɪs əv ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ədˈvænsɪz, ðə weɪz ɪn wɪʧ wi kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt ər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ. wɪθ ˈkreɪzi priˈdɪkʃənz laɪk ðə dɛθ əv prɪnt bʊks wɪˈθɪn faɪv jɪrz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə raʊnz, ɪts nɑt ʤɪst ðət saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ˈɔfərz ə weɪ tɪ ˌɪnˈtərprət ðɪs wərld ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə moʊst fəˈmɪljər θɪŋ ɪn ə wərld əv ˈstreɪnʤnəs. ənd ðɛn ðɛrz ðə əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd ˈfilɪŋ ðət ðə wərld ənd əˈmɛrɪkə, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ɪz ˈhɛdɪd fər ˌɪrɪˈvərsəbəl dɪˈklaɪn, ðət ɑr wɔrz ənd ɑr ˈkrəʃɪŋ dɛt ənd ɑr dɪˈpɛndəns ɔn ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ meɪk ˈjuˈɛs ðə nɛkst ˌɑbsəˈlit ˈɛmpaɪər, wɪˈθɪn noʊ taɪm. ˈrɛdɪŋ θru ə stæk əv ðiz ˈrisənt ˈlɪtərˌɛri bʊks, jʊr lɛft wɪθ ðə ˈfilɪŋ ðət ðiz tu θimz ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪsˈloʊˈkeɪʃən ənd ˌɪmˈpɪriəl kəˈlæps ər ˈrɛzəˌneɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkɑnʃəsnəs əv ðə ˈklæsɪz, ənd ˈɛni ˈɔθər hu ˈmænɪʤɪz tɪ ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt ðiz θimz ɪn ən ɪˈvɑkətɪv weɪ wɪl meɪk ɪt bɪg. ðɛrz ə ˈhəŋgər fər ˈhɑrtˌfɛlt, ˈivɪn ˌdɪsˈhɑrtnɪŋ, bʊks sɛt ɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər, ənd saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ˈɔθərz ʃʊd bi duɪŋ mɔr ˈdipli ˈpərsɪnəl ˈstɔriz ɪf ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ kæʧ ðɪs weɪv. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt wɪʧ brɪŋz mi tɪ ðə ˈsɛkənd pɔɪnt ðiz bʊks ər ˈpərsɪnəl, ənd mɔr ˈhɛvəli ðən moʊst ˈnɑvəlz aɪv rɛd ˈleɪtli. teɪk ˈsoʊlər, wɪʧ ˈklɪrli mits moʊst ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃənz əv saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ɪf ju teɪk aʊt ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk kənˈsit, ju hæv noʊ mɔr ˈstɔri. ənd ðə ˈstɔri ɪz ˈklɪrli əˈbaʊt saɪəns ɪn ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl weɪ bət mɔr ðən ðət, ɪts ə ˈkɛrɪktər ˈstədi əv ˈmaɪkəl bɪrd, ðə ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsɛlfˈsɛntərd ənd ˌhidəˈnɪstɪk ˈsaɪəntɪst huz ˈfɔɪbəlz θˈrɛtən tɪ prɪˈvɛnt wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈbreɪkθˌruz ɪn ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈhɪstəri frəm ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ fruˈɪʃən. baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ hɪz ˈsaɪəntɪst boʊθ ðə prəˈpoʊnənt əv ˈprɑˌgrɛs ənd bɪˈkəz hiz hɪz oʊn wərst ˈɛnəmi ɪts ˈbɪgəst ˈɑbstəkəl, ˈmækuæn kənˈfrənts ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə roʊl əv ˈigoʊ ɪn ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌdɪˈskəvri, ənd ˈwɛðər ˈjumənz' wərs ˈneɪʧərz ər dumd tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ɑr ˈbɛtər wənz. soʊ jæ, ðə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən əv ðə ˈnɑvəl ˈhɪnʤɪz ɔn ˈmaɪkəl ˈkɛrɪktər ˈrəðər ðən ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk aɪˈdiəz bət ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz ˈkɛrɪktər wɪndz əp dɪˈtərmənɪŋ ˈwɛðər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ prɪˈveɪl. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt boʊθ ənd ˈmudi hæv tɔkt ˈleɪtli əˈbaʊt haʊ ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛr ˈnɑvəlz sim laɪk bæd saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ˈmudi, ˈsəmˈwət irritatingly*, dɪsˈmɪsɪz həz ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈtɛndənsi tɪ bi "mɔr ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn tɛkˈnɑləʤi ðən ˈkɛrɪktər" bət ðeɪ boʊθ kræft ˈstɔriz ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈsɛtɪŋ ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ðə ˈstɔri. tɛlz ðə hi wɑz səˈpraɪzd ðət aɪ kʊd əˈlaʊ ðə ləv ˈstɔri tɪ teɪk ˈsɛnər steɪʤ wɪθ iʧ ˈsəbsəkwənt dræft. ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl dræfts rɛd laɪk ə bæd ˈvərʒən əv ən ˈaɪzɪk ˈæzɪmɑv ˈsaɪənsˌfɪkʃən ˈmægəˌzin... oʊ, gɑd. [meɪks ˈmoʊʃən.] ˈɛniˌweɪ, bət ðɛn ɪt mɔr ˈnɑlɪʤ aɪ drɑpt ɔn ðɪs bʊks fæt æs, ðə lɛs ɪt wɑz kəmˈpɛlɪŋ. ðə mɔr aɪ pʊld bæk ənd lɛt ðɪs ləv ˈstɔri goʊ, ðə mɔr aɪ fɛlt ˈkɑnfədənt əv ðə bʊks vaɪˈtæləti. ðə ləv ˈstɔri ɪn bʊk teɪks pleɪs əˈgɛnst ə ˈbækˌdrɑp əv nʊˈroʊsəs ənd ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrɪti ðət ər prəˈdust baɪ tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd ðə ˈmidiə wərld. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi tɔks ɪn ə rɪˈdɪkjələs ˈpɛrədi əv text-speak*, ənd ðə ˈkəlʧər ɪz ˈfeɪtəli youth-obsessed*, waɪl juθ ˈrɪli ˈoʊnli bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ðə ˈwɛlθi ənd ðə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈlɛni ˈriəˌlaɪzɪz ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ðət ðə ˌɪnˈdɛfənət laɪf ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˈproʊˌgræm hiz ˈsɛlɪŋ wɪl ˈnɛvər bi əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ɪm ˈpərsənəli, bɪˈkəz hiz ðə sən əv ə ˈrəʃən ˈʤænətər. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ənd ðət brɪŋz mi tɪ ðə θərd θɪŋ aɪv ˈnoʊtɪst əˈbaʊt ə lɔt əv ðiz bʊks ɪn kəmˈpɛrəsən tɪ ðə ˈərnɪst, ˈhɑrtˌfɛlt wərks əv ðə laɪk ðə kənˈfɛʃənz əv mæks ˈtɪvəli ənd ðə taɪm ˈtrævələrz waɪf, ðə ˈdɑmənənt moʊd əv saɪəns ˈfɪkʃənəl ˈlɪtərˌɛri bʊks ɪz ˈsæˌtaɪər ənd dɑrk ˈsæˌtaɪər æt ðət. ˈwɛðər jʊr ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə ˈkæptənz əv ðə ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl nɪr fˈjuʧər (ɛz ˈmækuæn dɪz) ər ɪts ˈhæpləs ˈvɪktɪmz (ɛz ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈɔθərz sim tɪ) ə ˈʤɔndɪst lʊk æt ˈjumən ˈfeɪlɪŋz simz tɪ bi ə ki ˌɪnˈgridiənt. ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ ˈnævəˌgeɪt ðə bɪˈwɪldərɪŋ, ˈhɔrəbəl fˈjuʧər ɪz wɪθ ˈaɪrəni ənd ˈsæˌtaɪər. ənd ˈkoʊpiəs əˈmaʊnts əv ˈwɪrdnəs ə lɔt əv ðiz bʊks ˈlævɪʃ ə lɔt əv dɪˈskrɪpʃən ɔn səm ɑd ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz, frəm ˈpinɪs ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈfroʊzən tɪ hɪz ˈzɪpər ɪn ðə æˈnɑrtɪk tɪ tu əv ˈmudiz ˈkɛrɪktərz ˈgɪtɪŋ groʊpt baɪ ə ˈsɛvərd hænd nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən hɪz ˈlɛŋθi geɪ sɛks sin. soʊ ɪts ˈfaɪnəli kəm tru ðə ˈlɪtərəʧər əv ðə fˈjuʧər həz bɪˈkəm ðə fˈjuʧər əv ˈlɪtərəʧər. ɑr kəˈlɛktɪv ˈlɪtərˌɛri ˈkɑnʃəsnəs ɪz kraɪɪŋ aʊt fər bʊks ðət ər ˈdipli ˈpərsɪnəl, əbˈsɛst wɪθ ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ʧeɪnʤ, ənd ˈvɪʃəsli səˈtɪrɪkəl. wi kʊd ʤɪst bi siɪŋ ðə fərst weɪv əv ə hoʊl nu taɪd əv saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ˈnɑvəlz, wɪθ ˈɔθərz frəm boʊθ ðə ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəli kənˈstrəktɪd "saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən" ənd "ˈlɪtərˌɛri" ˈʒɑnrəz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈikwəli ˈwəndərfəl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz. lɛts hoʊp soʊ, ˈɛniˌweɪ. tɔp ˈɪmɪʤ: ˈmaɪkəl ˈglɛnˌwʊd fər ˈbɔstən gloʊb.

we're in the middle of a flood of literary novels that play with science fiction ideas right now. what's causing it? and how can science fiction benefit from all of this fresh energy? there have always been a lot of literary writers trying their hand at writing about time travel, post-apocalyptic worlds or monsters, but by any standard this year is unusual. instead of a couple of new literary books with science fiction aspirations, we're getting a bunch all at once. it seems like many, if not most, of the big literary books of the year deal with science fiction tropes one way or the other. the one glaring exception, of course, is jonathan franzen's freedom. advertisement here's a partial list of recent science fictional books by authors with a literary pedigree: solar by ian mcewan, about a scientist who stumbles on a way to use quantum physics to get more efficient solar energy. read our review here. the four fingers of death by rick moody, set in the dystopian year 2025, when a struggling writer novelizes a cheesy science fiction movie. read our review here. super-sad true love story by gary shteyngart, set in another dystopian future, where a man who works for a company selling indefinite life extension falls in love. our review's coming soon. go mutants! by larry doyle, in which the i love you, beth cooper author visualizes a world in which aliens land in 1951, and 20 years later a tenth of the human race is half alien. you can read elizabeth hand's review here. the passage by justin cronin, in which the pen/hemingway award winner creates a vampire apocalypse. read a review here. how to live safely in a science fictional universe by charles yu, a time-traveling, universe-hopping examination of selfhood and creation. read our review here. the thousand autumns of jacob de zoet by david mitchell isn't overtly science fictional, but the cloud atlas author says it's the first volume of a trilogy that will turn more scifi in later volumes. advertisement i know i've come across a few other lit/scifi crossovers lately, but these are the ones that jumped out at me. so what's causing this sudden renewed interest in science fiction on the part of lit authors? it could be any one of a bunch of things. there's the oft-cited notion that we live in a science fictional world, what with the miraculous technology and the dizzying pace of change. there's also the pervasive feeling on the part of anybody who watches the news that we live in an apocalyptic, pre-lapsarian world moody's book takes place in an america that's basically collapsed, and shteyngart's book takes place in an america that has become a third-world country, ruled by the oppressive bipartisan party. vampires and mutants, of course, are often markers for apocalypses and social collapse. advertisement but it's also extremely likely that these authors have heard everybody saying, for years now, that science fiction has its own literary tradition and has something to offer the literary world. after years of people like michael chabon, jonathan lethem, john kessel and the washington post's michael dirda touting the literary awesomeness of science fiction authors, it's become a more accepted view. it's been the case for over a decade that you lose points among literary hipsters if you haven't read philip k. dick, and now that's becoming true of an assortment of other authors too, from ursula k. le guin to gene wolfe. i'm sure you can still find a literature professor somewhere who thinks all science fiction is rubbish, just like you can still find poets who only write in sestinas. shteyngart has talked in almost every interview lately about how he grew up reading asimov's science fiction magazine, and he'd wanted to write a science fiction novel all along, but as a neophyte author in an mfa program, he was discouraged from doing this. and he says he wants to write about how "technology is outpacing our ability to absorb what it's doing to us," which is a classic science fictional idea. moody's also talked in interviews about how he grew up reading a lot of science fiction. and he told the sf chronicle today that science fiction "allow(s) me an allegorical layer that's usually forbidden in conventional literary fiction." advertisement and the thing that jumps out at you when you read this new wave of lit authors doing sf is how aware they are of the genre. you're not dealing with philip roth writing alternate history without ever having read any of it, or margaret atwood denying her sf is sf moody is, to some extent, paying tribute to science fiction. charles yu's book is clearly about science fiction. cronin's book attempts to channel the style of steven king as much as possible. writing a science fictional book without acknowledging the genre would be missing the point for these authors they're writing about genre as much as they are about science fictional ideas. (although that's less true in some cases, like mcewan's solar.) in any case, whether these authors are acknowledging their debt to science fiction or not, this new crop of literary books is a huge boon to the genre. science fiction has always relied on fresh revolutions, new shocks, to keep it fresh and forward-looking. no genre can afford to become inward-looking or self-referential, but science fiction can afford it less than most. sometimes these jolts have come from within, like the new wave of the 1960s and 1970s, and sometimes they come from outside. right now, written science fiction is lucky enough to have two sources of external stimulus: the oft-discussed flood of popular ya books by authors like suzanne collins and scott westerfeld, and this new literary explosion. both can be good for the mainstream of science fiction, in different ways. it's true that not all literary novels with sf themes are good you only have to read jeanette winterson's the stone gods to discover that for yourself but a lot of them still bring something new and fascinating to the genre. advertisement so what can we learn from these books, as readers and as writers of science fiction? well, first of all, they confirm just how close the themes of science fiction are to the zeitgeist of the times we live in. thanks to the ever-accelerating pace of technological advances, the ways in which we communicate are changing. with crazy predictions like the death of print books within five years making the rounds, it's not just that science fiction offers a way to interpret this world sf is also the most familiar thing in a world of strangeness. and then there's the aforementioned feeling that the world and america, in particular is headed for irreversible decline, that our wars and our crushing debt and our dependence on fossil fuels are going to make us the next obsolete empire, within no time. reading through a stack of these recent literary books, you're left with the feeling that these two themes technological dislocation and imperial collapse are resonating in the consciousness of the book-reading classes, and any author who manages to exploit these themes in an evocative way will make it big. there's a hunger for heartfelt, even disheartening, books set in the near future, and science fiction authors should be doing more deeply personal near-future stories if they want to catch this wave. advertisement which brings me to the second point these books are personal, and more heavily character-focused than most sf novels i've read lately. take mcewan's solar, which clearly meets most definitions of science fiction if you take out the scientific conceit, you have no more story. and the story is clearly about science in a fundamental way but more than that, it's a character study of michael beard, the almost psychotically self-centered and hedonistic scientist whose foibles threaten to prevent one of the most important breakthroughs in scientific history from coming to fruition. by making his scientist both the proponent of progress and because he's his own worst enemy its biggest obstacle, mcewan confronts us with questions about the role of ego in scientific discovery, and whether humans' worse natures are doomed to overcome our better ones. so yeah, the resolution of the novel hinges on michael beard's character rather than the scientific ideas but only because beard's character winds up determining whether scientific progress is able to prevail. advertisement both shteyngart and moody have talked lately about how they wanted to avoid making their novels seem like bad science fiction moody, somewhat irritatingly, dismisses sf has having a tendency to be "more interested in technology than character" but they both craft stories in which the near-future setting is important to the story. shteyngart tells the rumpus he was surprised that i could allow the love story to take center stage with each subsequent draft. the initial drafts read like a bad version of an isaac asimov science-fiction magazine... oh, god. [makes masturbatory motion.] anyway, but then it became-the more knowledge i dropped on this book's fat ass, the less it was compelling. the more i pulled back and let this love story go, the more i felt confident of the book's vitality. the love story in shteyngart's book takes place against a backdrop of neurosis and insecurity that are produced by technology and the ever-encroaching media world. everybody talks in a ridiculous parody of text-speak, and the culture is fatally youth-obsessed, while youth really only belongs to the wealthy and the powerful lenny abramov realizes eventually that the indefinite life extension program he's selling will never be available to him personally, because he's the son of a russian janitor. advertisement and that brings me to the third thing i've noticed about a lot of these books in comparison to the earnest, heartfelt works of the mid-2000s like the confessions of max tivoli and the time traveler's wife, the dominant mode of science fictional literary books is satire and dark satire at that. whether you're looking at the would-be captains of the technological near future (as mcewan does) or its hapless victims (as many other authors seem to) a jaundiced look at human failings seems to be a key ingredient. the only way to navigate the bewildering, horrible future is with irony and satire. and copious amounts of weirdness a lot of these books lavish a lot of description on some jarringly odd situations, from mcewan's protagonist's penis getting frozen to his zipper in the antarctic to two of moody's characters getting groped by a severed hand not to mention his lengthy zero-gravity gay sex scene. so it's finally come true the literature of the future has become the future of literature. our collective literary consciousness is crying out for near-future books that are deeply personal, obsessed with technological change, and viciously satirical. we could just be seeing the first wave of a whole new tide of science fiction novels, with authors from both the artificially constructed "science fiction" and "literary" genres making equally wonderful contributions. let's hope so, anyway. top image: michael glenwood for boston globe.

bɛn ˈbrækstən həz bɪˈkəm wən əv ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs kʊks ɪn ˈʧæpəl hɪl, ənd hi ɪz ˈoʊnli 15 jɪrz oʊld. ˈbrækstən, ˈnɪkˌneɪmd chef,”*,” wərks ɛz ə gɑrd ˈmeɪnʤər æt ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ənd hɪz eɪʤ meɪd ɪm ə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi. sɛθ ˈkɪŋzˌbɛri, ˈoʊnər əv, haɪərd ˈbrækstən wɪn hi wɑz 13 ənd gɑt ən ɪkˈsɛpʃən frəm ðə n.c*. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈleɪbər tɪ ɪmˈplɔɪ ɪm bət ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ðə tin ˈhændəlɪŋ ˈælkəˌhɑl kɔst ɪm ə faɪn fər ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ ʧaɪld ˈleɪbər lɔz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə n.c*. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈleɪbər, ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər 16 jɪrz əv eɪʤ ər nɑt əˈlaʊd tɪ wərk ɔn ðə ˈprɛməsəz əv ˈɛni ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt ðət sɛlz ˈælkəˌhɑl. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, 14 ənd kən bi ɪmˈplɔɪd ɪn fud ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən bət ər nɑt əˈlaʊd tɪ beɪk ər kʊk ˈoʊvər ən ˈoʊpən fleɪm. wɪn ˈbrækstən ɪkˈsprɛst ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈwərkɪŋ æt ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt tɪ lərn əˈbaʊt ˈkʊkɪŋ, ˈkɪŋzˌbɛri haɪərd ɪm ɔn ðə kənˈdɪʃən ðət hi ˌɪmˈpruv ɪn skul. hi sun ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ˈbrækstən wɑz nɑt oʊld ɪˈnəf fər ɪm tɪ ˈligəli ɪmˈplɔɪ.

ben braxton has become one of the most famous cooks in chapel hill, and he is only 15 years old. braxton, nicknamed “little chef,” works as a garde manger at pazzo restaurant — and his age made him a subject of controversy. seth kingsbury, owner of pazzo, hired braxton when he was 13 and got an exception from the n.c. department of labor to employ him — but a photo of the teen handling alcohol cost him a $7,975 fine for violating child labor laws. according to the n.c. department of labor, children under 16 years of age are not allowed to work on the premises of any establishment that sells alcohol. additionally, 14- and 15-year-olds can be employed in food preparation but are not allowed to bake or cook over an open flame. when braxton expressed interest in working at the restaurant to learn about cooking, kingsbury hired him on the condition that he improve in school. he soon realized that braxton was not old enough for him to legally employ.

ɪn ə juʤ rɪˈlif tɪ ˈfɔrmər ʧif ˈʤəstɪs əv ˈɪndiə keɪ ʤi, ðə ˈsɛntər təˈdeɪ səbˈmɪtəd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə səˈprim kɔrt ðət dɪˈteɪld proʊb ˈɪntu kəmˈpleɪnts ðət hɪz ənd kɪn əˈmæst wɛlθ ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈtɛnjər ɛz ʧif ˈʤəstɪs əv ˈɪndiə frəm ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2007 tɪ meɪ 2010 nothing”*”. əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl əˈpɪrɪŋ fər ðə ˈsɛntər sɛd ðɛr ˈkænɑt bi ə proʊb əˈfrɛʃ ɛz ɪt maɪt kriˈeɪt ˈsərtən ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈprɛsəˌdɛnts ɛz ɪt rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈɪʃuz pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ əˈmæsɪŋ əv ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt ˈæˌsɛts ənd ɪt kʊd ˈivɪn ˈoʊpən ə box”*” ənd ən ˈævəˌlænʧ əv ˈsɪmələr pəˈtɪʃənz. ðə klin ʧɪt frəm ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ðət hɪz ˈrɛlətɪvz hɛld ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt ˈæˌsɛts keɪm bæk tɪ hɔnt ˈʤəstɪs sɪks mənθs ˈæftər hi rɪˈtaɪrd ɛz ʧif ənd ə fʊl faɪv jɪrz ˈæftər hi ɛz ʧif ˈʤəstɪs əv ˈɪndiə. ˈteɪkɪŋ əp ðə keɪs ˈæftər ə gæp əv wən ənd ə hæf jɪrz, ðə ˈeɪˌpɛks kɔrt bɛnʧ hæd ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 15 sɔt əˈsɪstəns tɪ hir ə pəˈtɪʃən fild baɪ ɛŋˈgoʊ ˈkɑmən kɔz ˈhɛdɪd baɪ ˈnoʊtɪd ˈlɔjər ˌprɑˈʃɑnt ˈsikɪŋ ə proʊb ˈɪntu əˈlɛʤd əˈmæsɪŋ əv wɛlθ baɪ ənd kɪn əv ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈtɛnjər ɛz ʧif ˈʤəstɪs əv ˈɪndiə frəm ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2007 tɪ meɪ 2010 əˈpɪrɪŋ ɪn ðə səˈprim kɔrt, əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl sɛd əˈgɛnst ˈfɔrmər sɛts ə ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈprɛsɪdənt. further”*” bət ðə kɔrt wɑz nɑt ˈrɛdi tɪ teɪk səbˈmɪʃən ðət ənd sən ɪn lɔ əv ðə ˈfɔrmər ər ˈlɔjərz ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈɪntrəkəsiz əv ðɛr ˈərnɪŋ ˈkænɑt bi gɔn into”*” æt feɪs ˈvælju ənd sɛd ɪf ˈərnɪŋ rs*. 100 baɪ ˈprɑpərtiz wərθ rs*. 10 lakh*, ðə sɔrs əv ðə ˈməni ʃʊd bi investigated.”*.” ˈkænɑt du anymore,”*,” ðə ˈeɪˈgi səbˈmɪtəd. sɛd ðə pɪl tɪ aʊst ˈʤəstɪs həz bɪˈkəm ɛz hi həz ɔˈrɛdi stɛpt daʊn frəm ðə poʊst. sərˈvaɪvz ɪn ðə petition,”*,” ˈeɪˈgi sɛd. "ɪf ðə ˈrɛlətɪvz kən ʃoʊ ðeɪ hæv ðə sɔrs..." ˈʤəstɪs pərˈsɪstɪd. bət ðə ˈeɪˈgi sɛd hi wʊd prəˈvaɪd ðə bɛnʧ wɪθ ðə ˈstætəs rɪˈpɔrt əv ðə ɪt proʊb ɪn ðə keɪs. ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ðɛr ˈkænɑt bi ə ˈfərðər ɪnkˈwaɪˌri, ðə ˈeɪˈgi rɪˈfərd tɪ haʊ ˈsɪmələr ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz wər meɪd ɪn ðə pæst əˈgɛnst əˈnəðər ˈfɔrmər hu ˈrisəntli pæst əˈweɪ. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɑz ˈgrænɪd ən əˈʤərnmənt baɪ ðə kɔrt. ðə keɪs həz bɪn ˈlɪstɪd fər ˈfərðər ˈhirɪŋ ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 19 hæd meɪd tu ˈpraɪˌmɛri prɛrz ɪn ðə pli faɪld ɪn 2014 fərst ðət hi ʃʊd bi riˈmuvd ɛz ʧif ˈpɛndɪŋ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ənd ˈsɛkənd fər ə proʊb ˈɪntu ðə ˌɪrɛgjəˈlɛrətiz. ðə fərst wən həz ɔˈrɛdi bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈæftər ˈʤəstɪs rɪˈtaɪrd frəm ðə poʊst ɔn meɪ 11 2015 ə ˈjuˌtərn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæd fər ðə fərst taɪm faɪld ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈstætəs rɪˈpɔrt ɔn meɪ 13 2012 dɪˈteɪlɪŋ lɑrʤ ˈpeɪmənts əˈlɛʤədli meɪd tɪ hɪz tu ˈsənɪnˌlɔ ənd ˈbrəðər wɪn hi wɑz ðə. ə bɛnʧ əv ʧif ˈʤəstɪs ɛs eɪʧ ənd ˈʤəstɪs kuˈmɑr wɑz ˌɪnˈfɔrmd baɪ ðɛn əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ʤi i ðət ðə ˈɪnˌkəm tæks dɪˈpɑrtmənts proʊb hæd ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈvild ðət ðə ˈprɑpərtiz əkˈwaɪərd baɪ ðə ˈsənɪnˌlɔ ənd ˈbrəðər æt ðɪs taɪm wər dɪˈklɛrd bət ˈprimə ˈfeɪsi əˈpɪrd tɪ bi hɛld ˌbɛnəˈmi ənd ˈgroʊsli ˈəndərˌvæljud. ðə ɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt hæd ðɛn ˈhændɪd ˈoʊvər ə proʊb rɪˈpɔrt tɪ ðə kɔrt ɪn ə sild ˈkəvər. wɪn ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi əˈbaʊt ðə ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt ˈæˌsɛts əv hɪz ˈrɛlətɪvz fərst əˈpɪrd ɪn ðə ˈmidiə, ˈʤəstɪs hæd sɛd ðət hi hæd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ haɪd ənd ɪf hɪz ˈrɛlətɪvz wər ɪn pəˈzɛʃən əv ˌənəˈkaʊntɪd wɛlθ, ɪt wɑz fər ðɛm tɪ ˈænsər ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt. wɪn ðə bɛnʧ æst əˈbaʊt ðə ˈstætəs əv ˈəðər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz, hæd sɛd, "ðə ˌrɛprəzənˈteɪʃənz rɪˈsivd ɪn ðə ˈɔfəs wər ˈfɔrwərdɪd tɪ ðə ˈmɪnɪstri əv hoʊm əˈfɛrz, wɪʧ ɪn tərn wər sɛnt tɪ ðə." ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə əˈpɪrz tɪ hæv nɑt ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈveɪgnɪs əv ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˈlɛvəld ɪn ðə ˌrɛprəzənˈteɪʃənz.

in a huge relief to former chief justice of india k g balakrishnan, the centre today submitted before the supreme court that detailed probe into complaints that his kith and kin amassed wealth during his tenure as chief justice of india from january 2007 to may 2010 “yielded nothing”. attorney general mukul rohatgi appearing for the centre said there cannot be a cbi probe afresh as it might create certain dangerous precedents as it related to issues pertaining to amassing of disproportionate assets and it could even open a “pandoras box” and an avalanche of similar petitions. the clean chit from allegations that his relatives held disproportionate assets came back to haunt justice balakrishnan six months after he retired as nhrc chief and a full five years after he superannuated as chief justice of india. taking up the case after a gap of one and a half years, the apex court bench had on september 15 sought rohatgi’s assistance to hear a petition field by ngo common cause headed by noted lawyer prashant bhushan seeking a cbi probe into alleged amassing of wealth by kith and kin of balakrishnan during his tenure as chief justice of india from january 2007 to may 2010. appearing in the supreme court, attorney general mukul rohatgi said enquiries against former cji sets a dangerous precedent. “probe further” but the court was not ready to take rohatgi’s submission that “brother and son in law of the former cji are lawyers and several intricacies of their earning cannot be gone into” at face value and said if “persons earning rs. 100 buy properties worth rs. 10 lakh, the source of the money should be investigated.” “we cannot do anymore,” the ag submitted. rohatgi said the pil to oust justice balakrishnan has become infructuous as he has already stepped down from the post. “nothing survives in the petition,” ag said. "if the relatives can show they have the source..." justice misra persisted. but the ag said he would provide the bench with the status report of the it probe in the case. noting that there cannot be a further enquiry, the ag referred to how similar allegations were made in the past against another former cji who recently passed away. the government was granted an adjournment by the court. the case has been listed for further hearing on january 19. bhushan had made two primary prayers in the plea filed in 2014. first that he should be removed as nhrc chief pending investigation and second for a cbi probe into the irregularities. the first one has already becoming infructuous after justice balakrishnan retired from the nhrc post on may 11, 2015. a u-turn ? the government had for the first time filed an investigation status report on may 13, 2012 detailing large payments allegedly made to his two sons-in-law and brother when he was the cji. a bench of chief justice s h kapadia and justice swatanter kumar was informed by then attorney general g e vahanvati that the income tax department's probe had also revealed that the properties acquired by the sons-in-law and brother at this time were declared but prima facie appeared to be held benami and grossly undervalued. the it department had then handed over a probe report to the court in a sealed cover. when the controversy about the disproportionate assets of his relatives first appeared in the media, justice balakrishnan had said that he had nothing to hide and if his relatives were in possession of unaccounted wealth, it was for them to answer the i-t department. when the bench asked about the status of other investigations, vahanvati had said, "the representations received in the pm's office were forwarded to the ministry of home affairs, which in turn were sent to the cbi." however, the cbi appears to have not investigated the allegations because of the vagueness of the charges leveled in the representations.

aɪ ˈjuʒəwəli laɪk wət aɪ du ɔn maɪ neɪlz, bət rɛr wɪn aɪ ˈtoʊtəli ləv ə dɪˈzaɪn dən. aɪ æm goʊɪŋ tɪ tɪ hæv ə ˈtɛrəbəl taɪm ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔf ðɪs ˈʤɛliˌfɪʃ ˈmænɪkjər wɪn ðə taɪm kəmz. ʤɪst soʊ gɑʃ dɑrn kjut!! læst mənθ, aɪ ˈɔrdərd ðə ˈbəndəl ˈmɑnstər sən kɪst kəˈlɛkʃən pleɪts. aɪ hæv bɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ æt wət ˈəðər ˈpipəl hæv dən wɪθ ðə sɛt ənd ˈwɪʃɪŋ aɪ hæd ɪt fər ə ˈhənərd ˈdɪfərənt ˈrizənz pləs, gɑt ðət ˈmərˌmeɪd fɪʃ skeɪl ˈpætərn ɔn wən əv ðə pleɪts. aɪ hæd tɪ hæv ɪt! soʊ hæd deɪ, st*. deɪ, ˈistər ənd ˈeɪprəl deɪ ɔl sɪns ðə sɛt əraɪvd ɪn maɪ meɪl bɑks. ˈɛvəri taɪm ˈgɔtən ˈrɛdi tɪ du ə nu ˈmænɪkjər ˈoʊvər ðə læst tu mənθs, ˈwɪstfəli lʊkt θru ðə sɛt ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd nən əv ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz ər kwaɪt raɪt fər ðɪs taɪm əraʊnd. bət nɑt ðɪs taɪm!! ðə ˈʧælənʤ prɑmpt wɑz ““water”*” təˈdeɪ ənd aɪ nu maɪ ˌɑpərˈtunəti hæd ˈfaɪnəli əraɪvd! soʊ aɪ sæt daʊn wɪθ ʤɪst ðiz tɛn pleɪts ənd ˈstɑrtɪd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ. ɪt ˈoʊnli tʊk ən aʊər tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt wət aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ du ðɛr ər soʊ ˈmɛni kul ˈnɔtəkəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz ɪn ðɪs sɛt ənd aɪ hæv ə ˈkəpəl ˈdəzən blu, grin, ənd braʊn ˈpɑlɪʃ ˈɔpʃənz ənd əˈbaʊt ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən ˈʧɔɪsɪz! ɛz ju noʊ, aɪ ˈsɛtəld ɔn ðə ˈʤɛliˌfɪʃ ɛz ðə ˈfiʧərd ˈɪmɪʤ. (aɪ ˈɔlˌmoʊst wɛnt wɪθ ðə si hɔrs.) aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈizi stəf beɪs koʊt ˈfɑloʊd wɪθ ðə θəm, ˈɪndɛks ənd ˈpɪŋki neɪlz ɪn ðɪs ˈgɔrʤəs ˈkələr ˈʃɪftɪŋ ˈpɑlɪʃ. ɪt meɪks mi θɪŋ əv ðə dɑrk ˈwɔtərz əv ðə dip ˈoʊʃən. ðɛn aɪ wɛnt bæk ənd dɪd maɪ ˈmɪdəl ənd rɪŋ ˈfɪŋgər wɪθ waɪt. ˈæftər ðət, aɪ dɪd ə ˈsɪŋgəl θɪn koʊt əv ðə ˈglɪtər ɔn maɪ ˈmɪdəl ˈfɪŋgərz ənd ðɛn sɛt tɪ ˈstæmpɪŋ ðə ˈʤɛliˌfɪʃ. aɪ juzd tu ˈdɪfərənt ˈkələrz fər ɪm tɪ gɪv ɪt ə bɪt əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ə mɪnt grin ənd ə dɑrk til. aɪ pʊt ˈtaɪni əv peɪnt ɔn ðə pleɪt ənd ðɛn skreɪpt æt ən ˈæŋgəl tɪ blɛnd ðɛm təˈgɛðər ə ˈlɪtəl. aɪ əˈtɛmptəd tɪ juz maɪ klɪr ˈʤɛli ˈstæmpər tɪ pɪk ɪt əp bət aɪ gɪt ɪt tɪ wərk æt ɔl soʊ aɪ swɪʧt ˈoʊvər tɪ maɪ skˈwɪʃi wən, wɪʧ wərkt ˈpərfəktli. wəns aɪ hæd ðə ˈʤɛliˌfɪʃ ɔn aɪ dɪd ə kwɪk ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ˈleɪˌtɛks ɔn ʤɪst maɪ ˈmɪdəl ˈfɪŋgərz ənd wɛnt bæk wɪθ ə spənʤ ənd ˈædɪd səm mɔr ˈglɪtər tɪ maɪ neɪl tɪ gɪv ɪt ðə ˈgreɪdiənt lʊk. ˈæftər ðət, aɪ dɪd ðə ˈkliˌnəp wɪθ ə smɔl brəʃ ənd ˈæsəˌtoʊn (ðɛr məʧ mɛs wɪθ ðɪs wən) ənd sild ɪt ɔl ɪn wɪθ topcoat*. ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈprɑdəkt: aɪ ləv ðɪs dɪˈzaɪn! juzd: ˈsæli gərl, ˈbreɪni (dɪskənˈtɪnjud bət maɪt faɪnd səm hir) ˈɔrli, mɪnt pæˈstɛl krim (maɪt faɪnd hir) ˈprɑdəkts juzd:

i usually like what i do on my nails, but it’s rare when i totally love a design i’ve done. i am going to to have a terrible time taking off this jellyfish manicure when the time comes. it’s just so gosh darn cute!! last month, i ordered the bundle monster sun kissed collection plates. i have been looking at what other people have done with the set and wishing i had it for a hundred different reasons – plus, it’s got that ever-so-popular mermaid / fish scale pattern on one of the plates. i had to have it! so we’ve had valentine’s day, st. patrick’s day, easter and april fool’s day all since the set arrived in my mail box. every time i’ve gotten ready to do a new manicure over the last two months, i’ve wistfully looked through the set and decided none of the images are quite right for this time around. but not this time!! the #clairestelle8april challenge prompt was “water” today and i knew my opportunity had finally arrived! so i sat down with just these ten plates and started deciding. it only took an hour to figure out what i wanted to do – there are so many cool nautical images in this set and i have a couple dozen blue, green, and brown polish options and about a bazillion combination choices! as you know, i settled on the jellyfish as the featured image. (i almost went with the sea horse.) i started with the easy stuff – base coat followed with the thumb, index and pinkie nails in this gorgeous blue-green color shifting polish. it makes me thing of the dark waters of the deep ocean. then i went back and did my middle and ring finger with white. after that, i did a single thin coat of the glitter on my middle fingers and then set to stamping the jellyfish. i used two different colors for him to give it a bit of interest – a mint green and a dark teal. i put tiny dabs of paint on the plate and then scraped at an angle to blend them together a little. i attempted to use my clear jelly stamper to pick it up but i couldn’t get it to work at all – so i switched over to my squishy one, which worked perfectly. 🙂 once i had the jellyfish on i did a quick application of latex on just my middle fingers and went back with a sponge and added some more glitter to my nail to give it the gradient look. after that, i did the cleanup with a small brush and acetone (there wasn’t much mess with this one) and sealed it all in with topcoat. here’s the final product: i love this design! polishes used: sally girl, brainy (discontinued but might find some here) orly, mint pastel cream (might find here) products used:

ˈʤɛsi ˈɛngəl ɪz pleɪɪŋ ən ˈɪnstrəmənt ðæts ˈsəmˌwɛr bɪtˈwin ə ˈklævəˌkɔrd ənd ə ˈhæmənd ˈklæsɪkəl krɔst wɪθ ˈrɪðəm ənd bluz. ðɛn hi drægz ə ˈmɑrkər əˈkrɔs hɪz ˈlæpˌtɑp skrin. ˈsədənli, ðə ˈɪnstrəmənt ɪz ˈsəmˌwɛr ɛls bɪtˈwin ə ˈklævəˌkɔrd ənd ə ˈhæmənd. ˌbiˈfɔr, ɪt wɑz, seɪ, 15 pərˈsɛnt ˈklævəˌkɔrd. naʊ ɪts ˈkloʊzər tɪ 75 pərˈsɛnt. ðɛn hi drægz ðə ˈmɑrkər bæk ənd fɔrθ ɛz kˈwɪkli ɛz hi kən, kərˈinɪŋ ðoʊ ɔl ðə saʊnz bɪtˈwin ðiz tu ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt ˈɪnstrəmənts. "ðɪs ɪz nɑt laɪk pleɪɪŋ ðə tu æt ðə seɪm taɪm," sɪz wən əv ˈkɑligz, ˈrɛznɪk, frəm əˈkrɔs ðə rum. ənd ðæts wərθ seɪɪŋ. ðə məˈʃin ənd ɪts ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɑrənt leɪərɪŋ ðə saʊnz əv ə ˈklævəˌkɔrd əˈtɑp ðoʊz əv ə ˈhæmənd. ðɛr prəˈdusɪŋ ɪnˈtaɪərli nu saʊnz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əv ðə noʊts ðət ˈimərʤ frəm ðə tu. ənd ðeɪ kən du ðɪs wɪθ əˈbaʊt ə ˈθaʊzənd ˈdɪfərənt vaɪəˈlɪnz tɪ ˈkaʊntləs nu saʊnz frəm ðoʊz wi ɔˈrɛdi hæv, θæŋks tɪ ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns. ˈɛngəl ənd ˈrɛznɪk ər pɑrt əv ˈgugəl smɔl tim əv eɪaɪ ˈrisərʧərz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ʤaɪənt ˈbɪldɪŋ kəmˈpjutər ˈsɪstəmz ðət kən meɪk ðɛr oʊn ðɪs ɪz ðɛr ˈleɪtəst ˈprɑʤɛkt. ɪts kɔld, ənd ðə tim wɪl ˈpəblɪkli ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈleɪtər ðɪs wik æt moogfest*, ðə ˈænjuəl ɑrt, mˈjuzɪk, ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈfɛstɪvəl, hɛld ðɪs jɪr ɪn ˈdʊˈrhæm, nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz ðət, wɪʧ ˈgugəl fərst dɪˈskəst ɪn ə blɔg poʊst læst mənθ, wɪl prəˈvaɪd mjuˈzɪʃənz wɪθ ən ɪnˈtaɪərli nu reɪnʤ əv tulz fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ mˈjuzɪk. ˈkrɪtɪk mɑrk ˈwaɪdənˌbaʊm pɔɪnts aʊt ðət ðə əˈproʊʧ ˈɪzənt ˈvɛri fɑr riˈmuvd frəm wət ɔrˈkɛstrəl kənˈdəktərz hæv dən fər ˈblɛndɪŋ əv ˈɪnstrəmənts ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ nu," hi hi ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈlivz ðət tɛkˈnɑləʤi kʊd pʊʃ ðɪs ˈpræktɪs ˈɪntu nu ˈpleɪsɪz. "ɑrˈtɪstɪkli, ɪt kʊd jild səm kul stəf, ənd bɪˈkəz ɪts ˈgugəl, ˈpipəl wɪl ˈfɑloʊ ðɛr lɛd," hi sɪz. ðə ˈbaʊndəriz əv saʊnd məˈʤɛntə ɪz pɑrt əv ˈgugəl breɪn, ðə ˈkəmpəniz ˈsɛntrəl eɪaɪ læb, wɛr ə smɔl ˈɑrmi əv ˈrisərʧərz ər ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ðə ˈlɪmɪts əv ˈnʊrəl ˈnɛtˌwərks ənd ˈəðər fɔrmz əv məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ. ˈnʊrəl ˈnɛtˌwərks ər ˈkɑmplɛks ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl ˈsɪstəmz ðət kən lərn tæsks baɪ ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnts əv ˈdætə, ənd ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz ðeɪv ˈpruvən tɪ bi ən ɪˈnɔrməsli ˈifɛktɪv weɪ əv ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkts ənd ˈfeɪsɪz ɪn ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ kəˈmændz ˈspoʊkən ˈɪntu smartphones*, ənd ˈtrænsˌleɪtɪŋ frəm wən ˈlæŋgwɪʤ tɪ əˈnəðər, əˈməŋ ˈəðər tæsks. naʊ ðə məˈʤɛntə tim ɪz ˈtərnɪŋ ðɪs aɪˈdiə ɔn ɪts hɛd, ˈjuzɪŋ ˈnʊrəl ˈnɛtˌwərks ɛz ə weɪ əv ˈtiʧɪŋ məˈʃinz tɪ meɪk nu kaɪnz əv mˈjuzɪk ənd ˈəðər ɑrt. bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ə ˈmæsɪv ˈdætəˌbeɪs əv saʊnz. ˈɛngəl ənd tim kəˈlɛktəd ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv noʊts frəm əˈbaʊt ə ˈθaʊzənd ˈdɪfərənt ˈɪnstrəmənts ənd ðɛn fɛd ðɛm ˈɪntu ə ˈnʊrəl ˈnɛtˌwərk. baɪ ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðə noʊts, ðə ˈnʊrəl leɪərz əv ˈkælkjələs rən əˈkrɔs ə ˈnɛtˌwərk əv kəmˈpjutər ðə ˈɑdəbəl ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əv iʧ ˈɪnstrəmənt. ðɛn ɪt kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl "ˈvɛktər" fər iʧ wən. ˈjuzɪŋ ðiz ˈvɛktərz, ə məˈʃin kən ˈmɪmɪk ðə saʊnd əv iʧ ˈhæmənd ˈɔrgən ər ə ˈklævəˌkɔrd, ɪt kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkɑmbaɪn ðə saʊnz əv ðə tu. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə "sˈlaɪdər" ðət ˈɛngəl ˈrisəntli ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd æt ˈgugəl ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz, ðə tim həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪlt ə ˌtudɪˈmɛnʃənəl ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ðət lɛts ju ɪkˈsplɔr ðə ˈɑdəbəl speɪs bɪtˈwin fɔr ˈdɪfərənt ˈɪnstrəmənts æt wəns. ənd ðə tim ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɔn ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə aɪˈdiə ˈfərðər stɪl, ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ðə ˈbaʊndəriz əv ɑrˈtɪstɪk kriˈeɪʃən. ə ˈsɛkənd ˈnʊrəl ˈnɛtˌwərk, fər ˈɪnstəns, kʊd lərn nu weɪz əv ˈmɪmɪkɪŋ ənd kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ ðə saʊnz frəm ɔl ðoʊz ˈɪnstrəmənts. eɪaɪ kʊd wərk ɪn ˈtændəm wɪθ eɪaɪ. ðə tim həz ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪtɪd ə nu ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd fər eɪaɪ ˈrisərʧərz ənd ˈəðər kəmˈpjutər ˈsaɪəntɪsts. ðeɪv riˈlist ə ˈrisərʧ ˈpeɪpər dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəmz, ənd ˈɛniˌwən kən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ənd juz ðɛr ˈdætəˌbeɪs əv saʊnz. fər ˈdəgləs ɛk, hu ˈoʊvərˌsiz ðə məˈʤɛntə tim, ðə hoʊp ɪz ðət ˈrisərʧərz kən ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ə məʧ ˈwaɪdər əreɪ əv tulz fər ˈɛni ˈɑrtɪst, nɑt ʤɪst mjuˈzɪʃənz. bət nɑt tu waɪd. ɑrt wɪˈθaʊt kənˈstreɪnts ˈsisɪz tɪ bi ɑrt. ðə trɪk wɪl laɪ ɪn ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðə ˈbæləns bɪtˈwin hir ənd ðə ˈɪnfənət.

jesse engel is playing an instrument that's somewhere between a clavichord and a hammond organ---18th-century classical crossed with 20th-century rhythm and blues. then he drags a marker across his laptop screen. suddenly, the instrument is somewhere else between a clavichord and a hammond. before, it was, say, 15 percent clavichord. now it's closer to 75 percent. then he drags the marker back and forth as quickly as he can, careening though all the sounds between these two very different instruments. "this is not like playing the two at the same time," says one of engel's colleagues, cinjon resnick, from across the room. and that's worth saying. the machine and its software aren't layering the sounds of a clavichord atop those of a hammond. they're producing entirely new sounds using the mathematical characteristics of the notes that emerge from the two. and they can do this with about a thousand different instruments---from violins to balafons---creating countless new sounds from those we already have, thanks to artificial intelligence. engel and resnick are part of google magenta---a small team of ai researchers inside the internet giant building computer systems that can make their own art---and this is their latest project. it's called nsynth, and the team will publicly demonstrate the technology later this week at moogfest, the annual art, music, and technology festival, held this year in durham, north carolina. the idea is that nsynth, which google first discussed in a blog post last month, will provide musicians with an entirely new range of tools for making music. critic marc weidenbaum points out that the approach isn't very far removed from what orchestral conductors have done for ages---"the blending of instruments is nothing new," he says---but he also believes that google's technology could push this age-old practice into new places. "artistically, it could yield some cool stuff, and because it's google, people will follow their lead," he says. the boundaries of sound magenta is part of google brain, the company's central ai lab, where a small army of researchers are exploring the limits of neural networks and other forms of machine learning. neural networks are complex mathematical systems that can learn tasks by analyzing large amounts of data, and in recent years they've proven to be an enormously effective way of recognizing objects and faces in photos, identifying commands spoken into smartphones, and translating from one language to another, among other tasks. now the magenta team is turning this idea on its head, using neural networks as a way of teaching machines to make new kinds of music and other art. nsynth begins with a massive database of sounds. engel and team collected a wide range of notes from about a thousand different instruments and then fed them into a neural network. by analyzing the notes, the neural net---several layers of calculus run across a network of computer chips---learned the audible characteristics of each instrument. then it created a mathematical "vector" for each one. using these vectors, a machine can mimic the sound of each instrument---a hammond organ or a clavichord, say---but it can also combine the sounds of the two. in addition to the nsynth "slider" that engel recently demonstrated at google headquarters, the team has also built a two-dimensional interface that lets you explore the audible space between four different instruments at once. and the team is intent on taking the idea further still, exploring the boundaries of artistic creation. a second neural network, for instance, could learn new ways of mimicking and combining the sounds from all those instruments. ai could work in tandem with ai. the team has also created a new playground for ai researchers and other computer scientists. they've released a research paper describing the nsynth algorithms, and anyone can download and use their database of sounds. for douglas eck, who oversees the magenta team, the hope is that researchers can generate a much wider array of tools for any artist, not just musicians. but not too wide. art without constraints ceases to be art. the trick will lie in finding the balance between here and the infinite.

ˈspikɪŋ ɪn ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ˈmɪnɪstər ɪn ðə praɪm ˈɔfəs ʧæn ʧən sɪŋ sɪz ˈmuvɪŋ ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən frəm ˈɔgəst wɪl min kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ dɪz nɑt teɪk pleɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃənz sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈnæʃənəl deɪ. ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr: ɪf kənˈtɛstəd, ðə nɛkst ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, wɪʧ həz bɪn rɪˈzərvd fər ˈmeɪleɪ ˈkænədɪts, wɪl bi hɛld ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər ˈrəðər ðən ɪn ˈɔgəst, wɪʧ ɪz wɪn ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈtɪpɪkəli teɪks pleɪs. ˈmɪnɪstər ɪn ðə praɪm ˈɔfəs ʧæn ʧən sɪŋ əˈnaʊnst ðɪs ɪn ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈrɛdɪŋ əv ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz (əˈmɛndmənt) bɪl. ðə deɪt riˈvɪʒən dɪz nɑt ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə lɔ. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz əˈnaʊnsɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈərli fər trænˈspɛrənsi ənd soʊ ðət prəˈspɛktɪv ˈkænədɪts kən bi əˈwɛr əv ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ɪn hɪz spiʧ, ˈmɪstər ʧæn prəˈvaɪdɪd ðə ˈrizən fər ðə ʃɪft ɪn ˈtaɪmɪŋ. hi sɛd ˈvoʊtɪŋ fər ə nu ˈprɛzɪdənt həz ˈtɪpɪkəli bɪn hɛld ɪn ðə læst wik əv ˈɔgəst, tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs fɔlz wɪˈθɪn ðə tərm əv ðə ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt, wɪʧ ɛndz ɔn ˈɔgəst 31 ɪn 2011 fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə rɪt əv ɪˈlɛkʃən wɑz ˈɪʃud ɪn ðə fərst wik əv ˈɔgəst. ˈmɪstər ʧæn sɛd kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ bɪˈgæn ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ˈnæʃənəl deɪ, ənd ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd wɪθ ðə ˈnæʃənəl deɪ ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃənz. ðə rɪˈvaɪzd ˈtaɪmɪŋ wʊd ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪz nɑt hɛld ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃənz. fər ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ɪˈlɛkʃən, ˈmɪstər ʧæn sɛd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl ˈɪʃu ə rɪt ɪn ðə ˈleɪtər pɑrt əv ˈɔgəst, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈtoʊni tæn tərm ɪkˈspaɪərz. ðə ʃɪft əv ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən frəm ˈɔgəst tɪ sɛpˈtɛmbər wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ðə clock”*” soʊ ðət fˈjuʧər ɪˈlɛkʃənz wɪl teɪk pleɪs ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈnæʃənəl deɪ ˈpɪriəd. ˈmɪstər ʧæn sɛd ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən əˈlaʊz fər ən ˈæktɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt tɪ əˈsum ˈɔfəs frəm ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˌɪnˈkəmbənt tərm ənˈtɪl ə nu ˈprɛzɪdənt əˈsumz ˈɔfəs. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ə nu ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪz nɑt ɪˈlɛktɪd baɪ ðə taɪm ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈtoʊni tərm ɪkˈspaɪərz ɔn ˈɔgəst 31 ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən prəˈvaɪdz fər ðə ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ædˈvaɪzərz ər, ɪf hi ɪz ˌənəˈveɪləbəl, ðə ˈspikər, tɪ bi ðə ˈæktɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt. ðə ˈæktɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈkænɑt ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ðə ˈfəŋkʃənz əv ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt indefinitely,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈmɪstər ʧæn sɛd ˈkɑrənt lɔz əˈlaʊ fər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ əv ðə poʊlz tɪ bi meɪd ɪn taɪm fər ðɪs ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. ðə ʃɪft ɪn ˈtaɪmɪŋ wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkeɪtər tɪ ðə ˈlɔŋgər taɪm ˈpɪriəd rikˈwaɪərd tɪ əˈsɛs prəˈspɛktɪv ˈkænədɪts ɛz pɑrt əv ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ˈəndər prəˈpoʊzd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ækt, ðə ˈdɛˌdlaɪn fər prəˈspɛktɪv ˈkænədɪts tɪ əˈplaɪ fər ə sərˈtɪfɪkət əv ˌɛlɪʤəˈbɪlɪti (koʊ) wɪl bi ɪkˈstɛndɪd tɪ faɪv deɪz ˈæftər ðə rɪt ɪz ˈɪʃud. ðɪs ɪz əp frəm ðə ˈkɑrənt θri deɪz. ðɪs wɪl gɪv ˈkænədɪts mɔr taɪm tɪ priˈpɛr ðɛr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. əˈnəðər ʧeɪnʤ biɪŋ prəˈpoʊzd ɪz ðət ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən deɪ bi hɛld æt list 10 deɪz ˈæftər ðə deɪ ðə rɪt ɪz ˈɪʃud, əp frəm ðə ˈkɑrənt faɪv deɪz.

speaking in parliament, minister in the prime minister’s office chan chun sing says moving the election from august will mean campaigning does not take place during celebrations surrounding national day. singapore: if contested, the next presidential election, which has been reserved for malay candidates, will be held in september rather than in august, which is when voting typically takes place. minister in the prime minister’s office chan chun sing announced this in parliament during the second reading of the presidential elections (amendment) bill. the date revision does not require changes to the law. the government is announcing changes early for transparency and so that prospective candidates can be aware of the changes. advertisement in his speech, mr chan provided the reason for the shift in timing. he said voting for a new president has typically been held in the last week of august, to ensure the process falls within the term of the sitting president, which ends on aug 31. in 2011 for example, the writ of election was issued in the first week of august. mr chan said campaigning began shortly after national day, and coincided with the month-long national day celebrations. the revised timing would ensure the election is not held during the celebrations. for the upcoming election, mr chan said the government will issue a writ in the later part of august, before president tony tan keng yam’s term expires. the shift of the election from august to september will also “reset the clock” so that future elections will take place outside the national day period. mr chan said the constitution allows for an acting president to assume office from the end of the incumbent president’s term until a new president assumes office. advertisement advertisement “if a new president is not elected by the time president tony tan’s term expires on aug 31 ... the constitution provides for the chairman of the council of presidential advisers or, if he is unavailable, the speaker, to be the acting president. the acting president cannot exercise the functions of the president indefinitely,” he said. mr chan said current laws allow for changes to the timing of the polls to be made in time for this year’s presidential election. the shift in timing will also cater to the longer time period required to assess prospective candidates as part of legislative changes. under proposed changes to the act, the deadline for prospective candidates to apply for a certificate of eligibility (coe) will be extended to five days after the writ is issued. this is up from the current three days. this will give candidates more time to prepare their applications. another change being proposed is that nomination day be held at least 10 days after the day the writ is issued, up from the current five days.

kroʊˈeɪʃəz kənˈsərvətɪv ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən wən ðə ˈkəntriz fərst ɪˈlɛkʃən sɪns ɪt ʤɔɪnd ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən ɪn 2013 prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri rɪˈzəlts ʃoʊd ɔn ˈsənˌdi, bət ɪts ˈnɛroʊ ˈvɪktəri mɛnt ˈlɛŋθi ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən tɔks wər ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ɪn ðə nɛkst deɪz ər wiks. ðə steɪt ɪˈlɛktərəl kəˈmɪʃən sɛd ɔn ˈsənˌdi ðət wɪθ əˈbaʊt 70 pər sɛnt əv ðə voʊt ˈkaʊntɪd, ðə kənˈsərvətɪvz, lɛd baɪ ˈfɔrmər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ʧif, wən 61 sits ɪn ðə ˈpɑrləmɛnt, waɪl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræts, lɛd baɪ ˌɪnˈkəmbənt praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈzɔrən, hæd 53 "wi hæv wən," ˈmɪstər sɛd. "ðə ˈpɑrti wɪʧ həz wən ðə moʊst ˈnəmbər əv voʊts məst lɛd kroʊˈeɪʃə ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər," hi ˈædɪd wɪθ hɪz səˈpɔrtərz ˈʧæntɪŋ "ˈvɪktəri, ˈvɪktəri." ðə nu ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl hæv tɪ ˈnərʧər ə ˈtɛntətɪv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rɪˈkəvəri ˈæftər sɪks jɪrz əv ˌriˈsɛʃən ənd dil wɪθ ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈmaɪgrənts frəm ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ˈstrimɪŋ θru ðə ˈtaɪni ˌeɪdriˈætɪk steɪt ɔn ðɛr weɪ tɪ ˈwɛstərn ənd ˈnɔrðərn ˈjʊrəp. "wi ˈɛstəˌmeɪt wi wɪl hæv əraʊnd 10 sits mɔr ðən ðə sdp*. wi wɪl tɔk tɪ ɔl ðoʊz hu wɔnt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn kroʊˈeɪʃə," sɛd ˈsinjər əˈfɪʃəl ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər ˈgɔrdən jandrokovic*. wət ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: "ˈtoʊtəl juˈfɔriə" æt ˌpeɪtriˈɑtɪk ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃənz ˈæftər ˈərli rɪˈzəlts kəm ɪn ˈviə ˈlɪli lɪnʧ (@lilyslynch*) noʊˈvɛmbər 8 2015 ðə kənˈsərvətɪv əˈlaɪəns lɛd baɪ ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈpɑrti ˈfeɪvərz ə ˈtəfər stæns ðən ɪts meɪn ˈraɪvəl, ðə ˈrulɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræts, ɔn ðə ˈmaɪgrənt ˈɪʃu, ˈsikɪŋ ˈstrɪktər ˈbɔrdər kənˈtroʊlz tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ðə floʊ əv ˈpipəl ˈkrɔsɪŋ ðə smɔl ˌeɪdriˈætɪk steɪt əv ˈmɪljən. səm ˈmaɪgrənts hæv pæst θru kroʊˈeɪʃə sɪns mid-september*, ˈkrɔsɪŋ ðə ˈbɔrdər frəm ˈsərbiə æt ə ˈdeɪli reɪt əv ər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz fju ˈlɪŋər ɪn kroʊˈeɪʃə, wən əv ðə ˈpurɪst steɪts wɛr ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ɪz æt 16 pərˈsɛnt, wɛl əˈbəv ðə blɑks 9 pər sɛnt ˈævərɪʤ. moʊst ðə bɪg ˈwɪnərz wɪθ 17 sits frəm ˈnoʊˌwɛr, naʊ ˈkɪŋˌmeɪkərz ˈiən ˈtreɪnər (@traynorbrussels*) noʊˈvɛmbər 8 2015 ˈdrɪvən ˈlɑrʤli baɪ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk kənˈsərnz, ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈfɑloʊz ə ˈlændˌmɑrk ˈvɪktəri baɪ ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən kənˈsərvətɪvz ɪn ˈpoʊlənd læst mənθ. ðə ˈpɑlɪʃ lɔ ənd ˈʤəstɪs ˈpɑrti ˈplɛʤɪz tɪ əˈpoʊz ˈmændəˌtɔri kˈwoʊtəz fər ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən əv ˈmaɪgrənts wɪˈθɪn ðə ənd ˈɛkoʊz ðə ˈnæʃənəlɪst ˈəndərˌtoʊnz. ðə, wɪʧ stɪrd kroʊˈeɪʃə tɪ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns frəm ˌjugoʊsˈlɑviə ɪn 1991 həz əˈkjuzd ðə ˈaʊtˌgoʊɪŋ ˈgəvərnmənt əv praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈzɔrən əv biɪŋ sɔft ənd ˌɪnəˈfɛkʧuəl ɪn ˈhændəlɪŋ ðə ˈmaɪgrənt ˈɪʃu. "aɪ fil ˈsɑri fər ðoʊz ˈpipəl (ˈmaɪgrənts), bət ðə ˈmaɪgrənt ˈɪʃu wɪl nɑt dɪˈtərmən maɪ voʊt," marija*, 71 sɛd. "aɪ wɪl voʊt fər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk prɑˈspɛrəti, ə ˈbɛtər laɪf fər ðə jəŋ ənd fər ðə oʊld." prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri rɪˈzəlts ʃoʊd ðə moʊst ˈpɑrti, kroʊɑt fər "brɪʤ", ˈimərʤɪŋ ɛz ðə θərd ˈstrɔŋgəst grup ɪn ˈpɑrləmɛnt. ˈfaʊndɪd θri jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ðə ˈpɑrti sɪz ɪt wɪl prɛs fər rɪˈfɔrmz əv ə ˈbloʊtɪd ˈpəblɪk ˈsɛktər ənd fər ə ˈbɛtər ˈbɪznɪs ˈklaɪmɪt. ˈboʊˌzoʊ petrov*, moʊst ˈlidər, sɛd hɪz ˈpɑrti wʊd səˈpɔrt ə fˈjuʧər ˈgəvərnmənt ˈoʊnli ɪf ɪt wɛnt əˈhɛd wɪθ rɪˈfɔrmz əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ənd ˈpəblɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ənd wʊd sik tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðə ˈbɪznɪs ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. "fər iʧ əv ðoʊz rɪˈfɔrmz wi wʊd sɛt ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz ənd ɪf ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz wər nɑt mɛt, wi wʊd dɪˈmænd ə ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri voʊt. wi noʊ ðət, ɛz θɪŋz stænd naʊ, wi kənˈtroʊl ðə məˈʤɔrəti ɪn ðə ˈpɑrləmɛnt," hi toʊld ˈnæʃənəl ˈbrɔdˌkæstər hrt*. "ə nu ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪz məʧ ˈʧipər ðən ən ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl ˈgəvərnmənt," hi sɛd. sɪz hɪz ˈpɑrti dɪˈzərvz əˈnəðər ˌfɔˈrjɪr ˈmænˌdeɪt bɪˈkəz ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, ˈhɛvəli rɪˈlaɪənt ɔn ˈtʊˌrɪzəm, həz ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ groʊ ˈæftər sɪks jɪrz əv ˌriˈsɛʃən ðət waɪpt aʊt əˈbaʊt 13 pər sɛnt əv ˈnæʃənəl ˈaʊtˌpʊt. ðə sɪz ɪt kən əˈʧiv ˈfæstər groʊθ ðən ðə ˈkɑrənt 1 pər sɛnt.

croatia's conservative opposition won the country's first election since it joined the european union in 2013, preliminary results showed on sunday, but its narrow victory meant lengthy coalition talks were likely to follow in the next days or weeks. the state electoral commission said on sunday that with about 70 per cent of the vote counted, the conservatives, led by former intelligence chief tomislav karamarko, won 61 seats in the 151-seat parliament, while social democrats, led by incumbent prime minister zoran milanovic, had 53. "we have won," mr karamarko said. "the party which has won the most number of votes must lead croatia in the future," he added with his supporters chanting "victory, victory." the new government will have to nurture a tentative economic recovery after six years of recession and deal with thousands of migrants from the middle east streaming through the tiny adriatic state on their way to western and northern europe. "we estimate we will have around 10 seats more than the sdp. we will talk to all those who want changes in croatia," said hdz senior official and former foreign minister gordan jandrokovic. what a photo: "total euphoria" at patriotic coalition's hq after early results come in via @jutarnji #croatiavotes pic.twitter.com/h5ker2dyyo — lily lynch (@lilyslynch) november 8, 2015 the conservative alliance led by the opposition hdz party favours a tougher stance than its main rival, the ruling social democrats, on the migrant issue, seeking stricter border controls to manage the flow of people crossing the small adriatic state of 4.4 million. some 338,000 migrants have passed through croatia since mid-september, crossing the border from serbia at a daily rate of 5,000 or sometimes 10,000. few linger in croatia, one of the poorest eu states where unemployment is at 16 percent, well above the bloc's 9 per cent average. #croatiavotes outsiders/newcomers most the big winners with 17 seats from nowhere, now kingmakers — ian traynor (@traynorbrussels) november 8, 2015 driven largely by economic concerns, the election follows a landmark victory by opposition conservatives in poland last month. the polish law and justice party pledges to oppose mandatory quotas for relocation of migrants within the eu and echoes the hdz's nationalist undertones. the hdz, which steered croatia to independence from serb-dominated yugoslavia in 1991, has accused the outgoing centre-left government of prime minister zoran milanovic of being soft and ineffectual in handling the migrant issue. "i feel sorry for those people (migrants), but the migrant issue will not determine my vote," marija, 71, said. "i will vote for economic prosperity, a better life for the young and for the old." preliminary results showed the most party, croat for "bridge", emerging as the third strongest group in parliament. founded three years ago, the party says it will press for reforms of a bloated public sector and for a better business climate. bozo petrov, most leader, said his party would support a future government only if it went ahead with reforms of the judiciary and public administration, and would seek to improve the business environment. "for each of those reforms we would set deadlines and if deadlines were not met, we would demand a parliamentary no-confidence vote. we know that, as things stand now, we control the majority in the parliament," he told national broadcaster hrt. "a new election is much cheaper than an incapable government," he said. milanovic says his party deserves another four-year mandate because the economy, heavily reliant on tourism, has started to grow after six years of recession that wiped out about 13 per cent of national output. the hdz says it can achieve faster growth than the current 1 per cent.

ˈdæni ˈwɪlsən: peɪd praɪs fər pur fɔrm hæv sækt ˈmænɪʤər ˈdæni ˈwɪlsən ənd əˈsɪstənt bɔs krɪs ˈhəʧɪŋz wɪθ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈifɛkt. ðə kləb ər ˈkərəntli ɪn lig wən ˈhævɪŋ wən ˈoʊnli 10 əv ðɛr 29 geɪmz soʊ fɑr ðɪs ˈsizən. əˈkædəmi ˈkoʊʧɪz mɑrk ˈbərtən ənd pɔl wɪl teɪk ʧɑrʤ fər mæʧ æt ˈkrɔli. ˈwɪlsən rɪˈtərnd tɪ fər ə ˈsɛkənd spɛl ɛz ˈmænɪʤər ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2013 ˈhævɪŋ lɛd ðɛm tɪ ðə prɛˈmɪr lig ɪn 1997 bət wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ stɑp ðɛm biɪŋ ˈrɛləˌgeɪtɪd frəm ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp læst ˈsizən. ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv bɛn sɪz ˈsækɪŋ ˈmænɪʤər ˈdæni ˈwɪlsən ənd əˈsɪstənt bɔs krɪs ˈhəʧɪŋz wɑz ə ˈbɪznɪs dɪˈsɪʒən ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv bɛn sɪz ˈsækɪŋ ˈmænɪʤər ˈdæni ˈwɪlsən ənd əˈsɪstənt bɔs krɪs ˈhəʧɪŋz wɑz ə ˈbɪznɪs dɪˈsɪʒən ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv bɛn sɛd: "ɪn ˈrisənt geɪmz wiv sin kraʊdz ˈdrɑpɪŋ ɔf ənd ðət əˈfɛkts ˈjuˈɛs ɛz ə ˈbɪznɪs, ənd dɪˈspaɪt ˈjuˈɛs ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ gɪv ˈdæni ənd krɪs ˈfərðər taɪm, frəm ə ˈbɪznɪs pɔɪnt əv vju wi hæd tɪ lʊk tɪ meɪk ðə ʧeɪnʤ. əv ðə rɪˈzəlts ənd tɪ ə ˈlɛsər ɪkˈstɛnt səm əv ðə pərˈfɔrmənsɪz ər nɑt əkˈsɛptəbəl wɪn ju lʊk æt ðət sɔrt əv ˈbɪznɪs rationale.”*.” ə kləb ˈsteɪtmənt rɛd: "ðə kləb wʊd laɪk tɪ pleɪs ɔn ˈrɛkərd ɪts θæŋks fər ˈdæniz ənd dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz taɪm wɪθ ðə kləb ənd ðə səˈpɔrt krɪs prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈdæni wɪθ sɪns hi ʤɔɪnd ðə kləb ɪn mɑrʧ 2014 "ˈdæni ʤɔɪnd ðə kləb æt ə ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt taɪm wɪʧ wɑz ə ˈtɛstəmənt tɪ hɪz ˈkɛrɪktər ənd əˈfɛkʃən fər ðə kləb ɔl ðə waɪl ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ðə ˈətˌmoʊst prəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz taɪm wɪθ ðə kləb. ˈdæni wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˈwɛlkəm bæk æt oakwell*. "ɑr ˈkɑrənt lig pəˈzɪʃən əv ɪz ɪn stɑrk ˈkɑntræst tɪ ən ˈævərɪʤ hoʊm geɪt əv ɪn ðə dɪˈvɪʒən. waɪlst ðə kləb ækˈnɑlɪʤɪz ðɛr həz bɪn ə lɑrʤ ˈtərˌnoʊvər əv pleɪərz, ðə lig pəˈzɪʃən ɪz stɪl ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ɔl əv ðə əˈbəv. ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləb æsks ɔl səˈpɔrtərz tɪ pliz gɪt bɪˈhaɪnd mɑrk ˈbərtən ənd pɔl ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ɛz wi sik θri ˈvæljəbəl pɔɪnts tɪ prəˈpɛl ðə saɪd əp ðə lig ˈteɪbəl. rɪˈzəlts ˈhævənt bɪn ɛz gʊd ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd ðeɪv lɔst sɪks aʊt əv ðə læst naɪn ənd wɪθ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt geɪmz əˈgɛnst ˈəðər timz æt ðə ˈbɑtəm ˈkəmɪŋ əp, pərˈhæps ɪts mɔr ˌəndərˈstændəbəl. ˈpitər "ðə kləb kən əˈʃʊr fænz ðət ə ˈsutəbəl ˈkænədɪt wɪl bi səˈlɛktɪd ənd ɪn pleɪs æt ðə ˈərliəst ˌɑpərˈtunəti." skaɪ spɔrts ˈfʊtˌbɔl lig ˈpəndət ˈpitər toʊld ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ vju: "əm ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt səˈpraɪzd æt ðɪs steɪʤ əv ðə ˈsizən. "rɪˈzəlts ˈhævənt bɪn ɛz gʊd ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd ðeɪv lɔst sɪks aʊt əv ðə læst naɪn ənd wɪθ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt geɪmz əˈgɛnst ˈəðər timz æt ðə ˈbɑtəm ˈkəmɪŋ əp, pərˈhæps ɪts mɔr ˌəndərˈstændəbəl. "ðɛr ər ˈmɪtəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ðɛr meɪn ˈstraɪkər sæm həz bɪn aʊt ˈɪnʤərd ənd ðeɪ lɔst koʊl tɪ dɑnz ɔn loʊn. "bət ɪts ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪŋ fər ˈdæni hi ʤɪst bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ðə kaɪnd əv səkˈsɛs hi hæd ɪn hɪz fərst spɛl æt ðə kləb."

danny wilson: paid price for barnsley's poor form barnsley have sacked manager danny wilson and assistant boss chris hutchings with immediate effect. the club are currently 17th in league one having won only 10 of their 29 games so far this season. academy coaches mark burton and paul heckingbottom will take charge for saturday’s match at crawley. wilson returned to barnsley for a second spell as manager in december 2013 having led them to the premier league in 1997 but was unable to stop them being relegated from the championship last season. barnsley chief executive ben mansford says sacking manager danny wilson and assistant boss chris hutchings was a business decision barnsley chief executive ben mansford says sacking manager danny wilson and assistant boss chris hutchings was a business decision barnsley's chief executive ben mansford said: "in recent games we've seen crowds dropping off and that affects us as a business, and despite us wanting to give danny and chris further time, from a business point of view we had to look to make the change. “some of the results and to a lesser extent some of the performances are not acceptable when you look at that sort of business rationale.” a club statement read: "the club would like to place on record its thanks for danny's work-ethic and determination during his time with the club and the support chris provided danny with since he joined the club in march 2014. "danny joined the club at a very difficult time which was a testament to his character and affection for the club – all the while demonstrating the utmost professionalism during his time with the club. danny will always be welcome back at oakwell. "our current league position of 17th is in stark contrast to an average home gate of sixth-best in the division. whilst the club acknowledges there has been a large turnover of players, the league position is still unacceptable considering all of the above. "barnsley football club asks all supporters to please get behind mark burton and paul heckingbottom on saturday as we seek three valuable points to propel the side up the league table. results haven't been as good as expected - they've lost six out of the last nine and with important games against other teams at the bottom coming up, perhaps it's more understandable. peter beagrie "the club can assure fans that a suitable candidate will be selected and in place at the earliest opportunity." sky sports football league pundit peter beagrie told the morning view: "i'm a little bit surprised at this stage of the season. "results haven't been as good as expected - they've lost six out of the last nine and with important games against other teams at the bottom coming up, perhaps it's more understandable. "there are mitigating circumstances - their main striker sam winnall has been out injured and they lost devante cole to mk dons on loan. "but it's disappointing for danny - he just hasn’t been able to replicate the kind of success he had in his first spell at the club."

ˈgritɪŋz frəm ˈsəni məˈdrɪd, wɛr aɪ æm əbˈzərvɪŋ ðə dɪˌsɪnəˈgreɪʃən əv ðə ˈspænɪʃ ɪˈkɑnəmi. ju noʊ ðət ðə ˈkəntri wɑz ɪn ˈkraɪsəs, ðoʊ: ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈsɑkər tim simz tɪ hæv wən ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt mæʧ, ənd ðə strits ər fɪld wɪθ ˈsɪŋɪŋ. aɪ æm plizd tɪ si ðət maɪ pis ɔn rɪˈpəblɪkənz, ˈdɛməˌkræts, ənd ˈsɪvəl raɪts həz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ə greɪt dil əv dɪˈskəʃən waɪl aɪ wɑz ɛn rut. ðə riˈækʃən frəm ðə lɛft həz bɪn mɔr ər lɛs wət aɪ ɪkˈspɛktɪd: hɪˈstɛriə, ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəl mɪsˈridɪŋ, dɪˈnaɪəl, ɑŋkst, ˈweɪlɪŋ, ˈsɑrˌkæzəm, aspersion-casting*, ənd ə greɪt dil əv əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈwɪljəm ɛf. 1957 ˈkɑləm ɔn ˈsɪvəl raɪts (ənd, əv kɔrs, noʊ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ hɪz ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu). ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt aɪ wɪl ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm θəˈmætɪkli ˈrəðər ðən keɪs baɪ keɪs. ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts goʊ, ˈrəfli: fərst θim: ʃʊr, rɪˈpəblɪkənz wər gʊd ɔn ˈsɪvəl raɪts fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, bət ðoʊz wər ˈlɪˌbərəl rɪˈpəblɪkənz, soʊ ju kleɪm ðɛm, sɪns bi ˈdɛməˌkræts naʊ. ðət ɪz ðə teɪk frəm ʤeɪ ˈbʊkmən æt ðə æˈtlæntə ˈʤərnəl ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən. ðɪs laɪn əv ˈɑrgjəmənt həz ə lɔt goʊɪŋ fər ɪt: ɪt bɛgz ðə kˈwɛʃən, ˌɪˈnæsmək ɛz ɪt əˈsumz ðə ˈfɔlsəti əv maɪ ˈθiˌsɪs (ðət ðə ˈpɑrtiz dɪd nɑt ““flip”*” ɔn ˈsɪvəl raɪts) wɪˈθaʊt ˈbɑðərɪŋ tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ɪt; ɪt ɪz unfalsifiable*; ɪt əˈpilz tɪ ðə ˈʃæloʊ ˈpɑrtəzən ˈɪnstɪŋkts əv ðoʊz hu ər ˌdɪsɪnˈklaɪnd tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ðə fʊl dɛpθ əv ðə democrats’*’ ˌkəlpəˈbɪlɪti ɔn ˈsɪvəl raɪts. bɪlt ˈɪntu ðɪs rɪˈspɑns ɪz ən ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəl mɪsˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteɪʃən əv wət kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɪz. ɪn ˈɛsəns, ˈlɪˌbərəlz lʊk bæk æt ˈhɪstəri, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əv wɪʧ ðeɪ əˈpruv, ənd dɪˈfaɪn ““conservatism”*” ɛz ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðoʊz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, sɪns kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɪz, ɪn ðɪs ˈrɛdɪŋ, ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ʧeɪnʤ. ðəs ðə hɪˈlɛriəs nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðoʊz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm ɪn ˈrəʃə ɛz ““conservatives.”*.” ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðɪs hoʊld əp tɪ ˈvɛri məʧ ˈskrutəni: ðə ˌæbəˈlɪʃənəst ˈmuvmənt, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wɑz ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd ˈlɑrʤli baɪ ˈpipəl hu wʊd bi vjud wɪθ kənˈtɛmpt baɪ ˈmɑdərn ˈlɪˌbərəlz, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wər kruˈseɪdɪŋ ˈkrɪsʧɪnz hu sɔt tɪ raɪt ðɛr oʊn ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv ˌmɔˈræləˌti ˈɪntu ðə lɔ. (ər, ɪn ðə keɪs əv ʤɑn braʊn, ˈmɪlətənt ˈæktɪvɪsts pərˈsuɪŋ ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛndmənt ˈrɛmədiz.) wən əv ðə θɪŋz aɪ laɪk moʊst əˈbaʊt ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈdəgləs ɪz hɪz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk æˈnælɪsɪs əv sˈleɪvəri. ɪn vju, wən əv ðə greɪt kraɪmz əv sˈleɪvəri ɪz ðət blæk əˈmɛrɪkənz wər dɪˈnaɪd ðə ˈprɑfɪt əv ðɛr ˈleɪbər ənd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst ənd ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ˈɛnərˌpraɪz. wən əv hɪz greɪt ˈsɔrsəz əv ˈbɪtərnəs wɑz ðət ˈivɪn ˈæftər ɪˌmænsəˈpeɪʃən, blæk əˈmɛrɪkənz rɪˈmeɪnd ɪkˈskludɪd frəm ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈbɛtər ðɛmˈsɛlvz. vjuz ɔn ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ wərk tɪ ˈbɛtər hɪz kənˈdɪʃən wʊd bi raɪt æt hoʊm ɔn kənˈsərvətɪv tɔk ˈreɪdiˌoʊ təˈdeɪ. ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs hu bɪˈliv ɪn ðə ˌtrænsˈfɔrmɑˌtɪv paʊər əv fri ˈɛnərˌpraɪz wʊd du wɛl tɪ ˈstədi ˈdəgləs nɑt ðət hi wɑz ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən əv ðə ˈmɑdərn (aɪ wʊd nɑt wɔnt tɪ ˌrɛzərˈɛkt hɪz vjuz ɔn ˈtɛrəfs), bət bɪˈkəz hɪz ˈvæljuz ər ɑr ˈvæljuz. wi tu ˈɔfən θɪŋk ˈoʊnli ɪn tərmz əv æbˈstrækʃənz səʧ ɛz groʊθ ənd ɪˈfɪʃənsi, bət ˈdəgləs, bɪˈkəz əv hɪz oʊn ɪkˈspɪriəns, tʊk ə mɔr ˈpərsɪnəl vju əv θɪŋz. ənd ə lɔt əv ðoʊz ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈlɪˌbərəlz frəm ðə ˌnɔrˈθist hu səˈpɔrtɪd ˈsɪvəl raɪts lʊk ˈprɪti gʊd baɪ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈstændərdz: ˈsoʊbər, free-enterprise*, gaɪz. nɑt ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl flamethrowers*, tɪ bi ʃʊr, bət nɑt ɛz bæd ɛz wi rɪˈmɛmbər ðɛm. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ɔn ðɪs θim ɪz tɪ teɪk wət ˈɛni ˈgɪvɪn kənˈsərvətɪv dɪd ər θɔt æt ˈɛni ˈgɪvɪn ˈmoʊmənt ənd teɪk ðət ɛz ðə əˈθɔrəˌteɪtɪv ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv wət kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɪz. ðəs ɔl əv ðə əˈtɛnʃən tɪ 1957 rɪˈmɑrks. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈʧaɪldɪʃ əˈproʊʧ, ə ˈhaɪˌskul trɪk æt bɛst: wɑz ə kənˈsərvətɪv, ˈfeɪvərd ˌsɛgrəˈgeɪʃən ɪn 1957 ˈərgoʊ kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɪz ðə fəˈlɑsəfi əv segregation.”*.” ðɪs ɪz ˈizəli tərnd əˈbaʊt: wɑz ðə ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈfɑðər əv ˈmɑdərn ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm, pʊt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪtɪzənz ˈɪntu ˈprɪzən kæmps, ˈərgoʊ ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ɪz ðə fəˈlɑsəfi əv ˈpʊtɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪtɪzənz ˈɪntu ˈprɪzən camps.”*.” əv kɔrs ɪt isn’t*. (ənd ˈniðər ɪz kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm, aɪ hoʊp.) ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ənd, əv kɔrs, kənˈsərvətɪvz dɪsəˈgri ɔn θɪŋz. ənd ˈrɑnəld ˈrigən dɪsəˈgrid ˈvɛri ˈstrɔŋli əˈbaʊt səm θɪŋz: ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld wɔr ɔn drəgz wɑz wən, ðə ˈpænəˌmɑ kəˈnæl wɑz əˈnəðər. ər wi tɪ rɛd wən əv ðɛm aʊt əv ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈmuvmənt bɪˈkəz hi dɪsəˈgrid wɪθ ðə ˈəðər? ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz əbˈsərd. aɪ æm ˈsɛkənd tɪ nən ɪn maɪ ˌædmərˈeɪʃən fər ðə mæn, bət ðɛr ɪz mɔr tɪ ðə ˈhɪstəri əv kənˈsərvətɪv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðən ˈwɪljəm ɛf. ˈbəkli, ənd kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɪz nɑt aɪˈdɑlətri ɪt ɪz ən ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən tɪ lərn frəm mɪˈsteɪks. (streɪnʤ ðət nən əv ðiz əˈlɛʤd simz tɪ hæv hərd əv ˈhɛri ˈʤæfə.) əˈnəðər ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ɔn ðɪs ɪz ˈsɪmpli tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ɛz ˈlɪˌbərəl ənd ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ɛz kənˈsərvətɪv, ɛz moʊst əv maɪ ˈkrɪtɪks ˌɪmˈplɪsətli du. bət ðət ˈɔlsoʊ meɪks noʊ sɛns: ˈlɪndən beɪnz ˈʤɑnsən wɑz ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt əv ˈmɑdərn ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ɛz ˈpræktɪst baɪ ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti. hi spɛnt hɪz ɪnˈtaɪər kərɪr əˈsoʊsiˌeɪtɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf wɪθ ðə nu dil ənd ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ˌsəpləˈmɛnt ɪt. ðə greɪt soʊˈsaɪɪti wɑz hɪz ˈtrɪbjut tɪ nu dil ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm. ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈtoʊtəmz əv ˈmɑdərn ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ˈmɛdəˌkɛr, hɛd stɑrt, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ər ˈʤɑnsən kriˈeɪʃənz. hi wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə mæn hu ˈvoʊtɪd əˈgɛnst ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən, ˈgətɪd rɪˈfɔrm ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs, ənd dɪˈnaʊnst ˈækʃən ɛz ˈnɪgər bill.”*.” hi wɑz, baɪ ˈɛni ˈrizənəbəl ˈstændərd əv ˈɛvədəns, boʊθ ə ˈlɪˌbərəl ɪn ðə fəˈmɪljər ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk moʊld ənd ə ˈprɪti ˈəgli ˈbɪgət. ðə seɪm kən bi sɛd əv səʧ ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk laɪənz ɛz ˈrɑbərt bərd, hu ləvd ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈspɛndɪŋ ənd dɪˈspaɪzd ˈæfrɪkɑn əˈmɛrɪkənz (neɪm mi əˈnəðər ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən hu wɑz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə wərd ““nigger”*” ɔn ˈnæʃənəl ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈklɪntən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən), ənd ˈwɪljəm ˈfʊlˌbraɪt. ðə ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈreɪsɪsts əv ðə ənd wər nɑt kənˈsərvətɪv ˈaʊtlaɪərz; ðeɪ wər ðə mɛn hu bɪlt ˈmɑdərn ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt #mɔr# ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈsɛkənd θim: ɪt ə dɪˈspjut, ɪt wɑz ə dɪˈspjut. ðɛr ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ ðət, bət ɪt ɪz fɑr frəm ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈstɔri. ɛz aɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, ʤɑn ɛf. ˈkɛnədi, hu aɪ æm ʃʊr ˈnɛvər ˈteɪstɪd grɪts, əˈpoʊzd ˈkrɪtɪkəl rɪˈfɔrmz bækt baɪ rɪˈpəblɪkənz. θərd θim: ɪf rɪˈpəblɪkənz wər ˈrɪli gʊd ɔn ˈsɪvəl raɪts, waɪ dɪd blæks stɑp ˈvoʊtɪŋ fər ðɛm? ðɪs ˈɑrgjəmənt kips ˈgɪtɪŋ pərˈzɛnəd ɛz ðoʊ aɪ hæd nɑt ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ə greɪt dil əv ðə ˈkɑləm ɪn kˈwɛʃən tɪ ˈænsərɪŋ ɪt. ðə ˈprɑksəmət kɔz əv ˈnɔrðərn blacks’*’ fərst drɪft təˈwɔrd ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti wɑz ðə nu dil, nɑt ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. ɛz aɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, ˈdɛməˌkræts fərst wən ə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈnɔrðərn blæk voʊts ɪn ðə 1940 ɪˈlɛkʃən, wɪn ˈdɛməˌkræts wər stɪl ɛkˌstrɔrdəˈnɛrəli ˈhɑstəl tɪ ˈsɪvəl raɪts, ɪn bɛd wɪθ ðə ku kləks klæn, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. blæk ˈvoʊtərz sim tɪ hæv ə ˈlɔŋˌstændɪŋ ˈprɛfərəns fər ˈæktɪvɪst ˈgəvərnmənt, ənd ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən waɪ, ˈivɪn ɪf wən dɪz nɑt ʃɛr ðə ˈprɛfərəns. ˈsɪvəl raɪts ər nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ blæks kɛr əˈbaʊt; ɪn fækt, ðeɪ ˈprɑbəˌbli ər nɑt ˈivɪn ðə meɪn θɪŋ ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtɪŋ blæk ˈvoʊtərz, ˈgɪvɪn ðət rɪˈvərʒən tɪ ðə ʤɪm kroʊ rəˈʒim ɪz ənˈθɪŋkəbəl. ˈsɛgrəˌgeɪtɪd lənʧ ˈkaʊntərz ˈkəmɪŋ bæk. bət ðɛr ər ˈmɛni θɪŋz ðət ˈæfrɪkɑn əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈʤɛnərəli səˈpɔrt ðət ˈdɛməˌkræts bæk ənd rɪˈpəblɪkənz əˈpoʊz. ðə fækt ðət blæk ˈvoʊtərz hæv ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈprɛfərəns dɪz nɑt meɪk ðət ˈprɛfərəns ə ˈɪʃu. kənˈsɪdər ðɪs ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ˈtrɪbjun dɪˈspæʧ frəm ðə deɪz əv ðə ˈklɪntən ˌɪmˈpiʧmənt, wɪn ðə ɛmˈbætəld ˈprɛzɪdənt wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ blæk ˈvoʊtərz tɪ seɪv hɪz kərɪr: wɪnz preɪz fər hɪz blæk əˈpɔɪntmənts ənd səˈpɔrt fər ˈheɪti ənd əˈfərmətɪv ˈækʃən. ˈsimɪŋli fərˈgɑtən ər səˈpɔrt fər ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl kraɪm ənd ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. ɛz wən frɛnd pʊt, ɪt, ˈpipəl ˈdɛzərt ə frɛnd ɪn need.’”*.’” ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ɪf wi ər tɪ dɪˈfaɪn rights”*” ɛz əˈpɔɪntɪŋ blæk səˈpɔrtərz tɪ ˈfɛdərəl ˈɔfəs, ˌɪntərˈvinɪŋ ɪn ˈheɪti, ənd ˈbækɪŋ əˈfərmətɪv ˈækʃən, ˈstrɛʧɪŋ ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ðə tərm. ɪf wi ər tɪ dɪˈfaɪn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈsɪvəl raɪts ɛz biɪŋ əˈgɛnst kraɪm ənd legislation”*” ðə ˈɛriəz ɪn wɪʧ ˈklɪntən wɑz ˈfɔltɪd fər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈfərðər blæk ˈɪntərɪsts ðɛn ɪn əˈnəðər rɛlm ˌɔltəˈgɛðər. bət ðət ɪz nɑt wət rights”*” minz. blæks ər ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ə tɛnθ əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ənd ə θərd əv rɪˈsɪpiənts. ˈstədiz əv blæk ˈætəˌtudz təˈwɔrd ˈwɛlˌfɛr ər ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ənd ˈɔfən ˌkɑntrəˈdɪktəri, bət lɛt ˈjuˈɛs seɪ, fər ðə seɪk əv ˈɑrgjəmənt, ðət blæk ˈvoʊtərz si kənˈsərvətɪv ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz ɛz ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ðɛr ˈɪntərɪsts. (blæk ˈlidərz ˈsərtənli sɛd ɛz məʧ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst raʊnd əv ˈwɛlˌfɛr rɪˈfɔrm.) ðət dɪz nɑt meɪk ˈwɛlˌfɛr ə ˈɪʃu ʤɪst ən ˈɪʃu ðət ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ blæk ˈvoʊtərz. ðəs ðə əv ˈʤɑnəθən kleɪm: ðɪs ˈstrætəʤi həz səkt ɪn mɔr ðən 90 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə blæk ɪˈlɛktərət, ənd ɪz ˈkərəntli biɪŋ ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd æt ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl baɪ ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə (hu æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, ɪt meɪ bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ˈwɪljəmsən ɪz blæk) səˈʤɛsts ə ˈlɛvəl əv fɔls ˈkɑnʃəsnəs æt wərk əˈməŋ ðə ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən community.”*.” ə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ɔn ðɪs ɪz ðət aɪ vju blæk ˈvoʊtərz ɛz agency,”*,” ɛz biɪŋ tu ˈstupɪd tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðɛr oʊn ˈɪntərɪsts, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. bət ðət dɪz nɑt ˈfɑloʊ. blæks nid nɑt ˈsəfər frəm consciousness”*” (wɪl wi ˈɛvər bi rɪd əv ðət ˈmɑrksɪst tərm?) tɪ hæv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈprɛfərənsɪz ðət ər ˈdɪfərənt frəm maɪ oʊn ənd ðət aɪ θɪŋk ər ɪn ˈɛrər. ˈændru si. məˈkɑrθi ənd ˈrɑˌmɛʃ hæv səm ˈprɛfərənsɪz æt ɑdz wɪθ maɪ oʊn, bət nɑt bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈɪʃuz. oʊld ˈpipəl, ðə ˈʧeɪmbər əv ˈkɑmərs, ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənts, ˈtiʧərz ɔl hæv səm ˈprɪti dəm pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈætəˌtudz. ˈʤɑnəθən ˈbərnstin ɪz ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə truθ wɪn hi raɪts ðət maɪ ˈɑrgjəmənt ə læk əv ˈeɪʤənsi ɔn ðə pɑrt əv moʊst voters,”*,” wɪʧ ɪz tru aɪ θɪŋk, ɪn fækt aɪ noʊ, ðət ˈvoʊtərz ər ɪn ðə ˈægrəgət ˈɪgnərənt ənd proʊn tɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ bæd dɪˈsɪʒənz. ðəs ˈʤɛsi ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti həz lɔst blæk səˈpɔrt ɪn ðə pæst 50 jɪrz bɪˈkəz ɪt həz feɪld tɪ ˈfərðər ˈɪntərɪsts, ɛz blæk ˈpipəl ðɛmˈsɛlvz sɔ them,”*,” ɪz ə nɑn ˈsɛkwɪtər, ənˈlɛs baɪ rights”*” wi min ˈɪntərɪsts ɛz blæk ˈpipəl si them.”*.” bət ə ˈpɑləsi ˈprɛfərəns dɪz nɑt bɪˈkəm ə ˈɪʃu bɪˈkəz blæks hæv ə strɔŋ vju əˈbaʊt ɪt. ɪf naɪn aʊt əv tɛn blæk ˈvoʊtərz prɪˈfər ˈstrɔˌbɛri aɪs krim tɪ ˈbətər ˈpiˌkɑn, ðət dɪz nɑt meɪk ˈstrɔˌbɛri aɪs krim ə ˈɪʃu. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt blæk ˈvoʊtərz, laɪk waɪt ˈvoʊtərz, ər ˈvoʊtɪŋ ɔn ˈɪʃuz bɪɔnd ˈsɪvəl raɪts. ʧeɪt əˈspɛʃəli dɪz nɑt sim tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðɪs, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ hi əˈtrɪˌbjuts tɪ mi ən ˈɑrgjəmənt aɪ dɪd nɑt meɪk ənd du nɑt bɪˈliv: rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈteɪˌkoʊvər əv ðə waɪt saʊθ hæd ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˈsɪvəl raɪts, ðə riˈvɪʒənɪst keɪs proʊˈkleɪmz, ɪkˈsɛpt ˈɪnsəfɑr ɛz waɪt ˈsəðərnərz səˈpɔrtɪd rɪˈpəblɪkənz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wər mɔr raɪts. tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˌriˈpleɪst ˈdɛməˌkræts ɪn ðə saʊθ, ˈwɪljəmsən siz ðɛr səˈpɔrt fər ˈsɪvəl raɪts ɛz ðə cause.”*.” əˈgɛn, nən əv ðɪs ˈfɑloʊz frəm wət aɪ roʊt. ɪt ɪz tru ðət ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti wɑz, baɪ ˈɛni ˈmɛʒər, mɔr ˌɛnˈlaɪtənd ɔn ˈsɪvəl raɪts ðən wər ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ɪn ðə ənd. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ tru ðət ˈsəðərn waɪts bɪˈgæn tɪ səˈpɔrt rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðoʊz jɪrz waɪl blæks bɪˈgæn tɪ səˈpɔrt ˈdɛməˌkræts. ðɛr ɪz noʊ bɪˈkəz bɪtˈwin ðoʊz fækts. ʧeɪt ˌɪˈmæʤənz mi tɪ hæv kəˈmɪtɪd ə ˈɛrər ðət aɪ dɪd nɑt meɪk, ənd ðɛn ˈprɑmptli dɪˈstrɔɪz ən ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət ɪgˈzɪsts ˈoʊnli ɪn hɪz ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən. ðə ˈɛvədəns səˈʤɛsts ðət ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌsɛlˈfɪntəˌrɛst, nɑt reɪs, wɑz ðə ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈfæktər ɪn ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˌdɛməˈgræfɪks əv ðə tu ˈpɑrtiz ɪn ðə pæst 60 jɪrz. ʧeɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ædz: ɪz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ kənˈsid ðət əˈpoʊnənts əv ˈsɪvəl raɪts lɔz hæv ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl ˈprɪnsəpəlz bɪˈhaɪnd ðɛm, bət ˈoʊnli ɪf ðeɪ ər republican.”*.” wi hæv wərdz ɔn hɪz ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə 1964 ækt, ənd wi hæv wərdz ɔn hɪz ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈərliər ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. aɪ du nɑt hæv tɪ θiəraɪz əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ lɔz ənd lɔz wər ˈprɪnsəpəld; ðeɪ wər nɑt, ənd, ɛz aɪ pɔɪnt aʊt, wi hæv oʊn wərd ɔn ðət. ˈkərtɪs goʊz ɔn tɪ ˈɑrgju: ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl əˈsəmpʃən əv pis ɪz ðət ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti ˈsɪnɪkəli kips blæks ɔn plantation’*’ ˈrəðər ðən əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ sərv ðɛm laɪk ˈɛni ˈəðər constituency.”*.” aɪ dɪd nɑt juz ðə wərd ““plantation”*” ənd æm ənˈkəmfərtəbəl wɪθ ðət kaɪnd əv ˈrɛtərɪk. bət ˈkərtɪs ˈmɪsɪz ðə pɔɪnt: aɪ θɪŋk ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈsɪnɪkəli ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt blæks ɪgˈzæktli laɪk ˈɛni ˈəðər kənˈstɪʧuənsi. noʊ ˈspɛʃəl ˈtritmənt. ɛd ˈkɪlgɔr æt ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈmənθli ˈsɪmələrli pʊts wərdz ɪn maɪ maʊθ: ɪz ə mæn, ˈæftər ɔl, hu ɪt ɪz ˈɑbviəs ðət ənd ˈəðər ˈdɛməˌkræts wər pərˈsuɪŋ ə ˈkɑnʃəsli ˈreɪsɪst ˈstrætəʤi əv ‘‘enslaving’*’ ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkənz baɪ prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈproʊˌgræmz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə greɪt society.”*.” aɪ dɪd nɑt juz ðə wərd ““enslave,”*,” ənd wʊd nɑt, ˌɪˈnæsmək ɛz aɪ du nɑt θɪŋk ðət kəmˈpɛrəsənz wɪθ ˈʧætəl sˈleɪvəri ər ˈvɛri ˈɔfən æpt, ˈɛni mɔr ðən ˈhɔləˌkɔst kəmˈpɛrəsənz. ˌɪnˈdid, ðə ˈkrɪtɪks hæv smæʃt ə lɔt əv ˈɑrgjəmənts aɪ dɪd nɑt meɪk. ˈbərnstin raɪts: bɪˈzɑr tɪ seɪ ðət ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts flɪp ɔn ˈsɪvəl rights.”*.” aɪ roʊt: rɪˈfɔrm wɑz ə ˈrædɪkəl ˈtərnərˌaʊnd fər ˈʤɑnsən ənd ðə democrats.”*.” bət nɑt fər ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz. bət aɪ du θæŋk mɑrk ʃmɪt əv ðə ˈruzəˌvɛlt ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kərˈɛkʃən: ʤɔrʤ eɪʧ. ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ dɪd nɑt dɪˈfit ən ˈoʊdiəs ˈreɪsɪst ˈdɛməˌkræt tɪ wɪn hɪz haʊs sit; ðə ˈoʊdiəs ˈreɪsɪst ˈdɛməˌkræt wɑz redistricted*, ənd kənˈtɪnjud ɪn hɪz ˈoʊdiəs ənd ˈreɪsɪst weɪz wɪθ ðə fʊl səˈpɔrt ənd kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti ənˈtɪl rɪˈtaɪərmənt; ðə ˈrɛlətɪvli ˌɛnˈlaɪtənd bʊʃ wən ən ˈoʊpən sit kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ðə riˈdɪstrɪktɪŋ.

greetings from sunny madrid, where i am observing the disintegration of the spanish economy. you wouldn’t know that the country was in crisis, though: the local soccer team seems to have won an important match, and the streets are filled with singing. i am pleased to see that my piece on republicans, democrats, and civil rights has generated a great deal of discussion while i was en route. the reaction from the left has been more or less what i expected: hysteria, intentional misreading, denial, angst, wailing, content-free sarcasm, aspersion-casting, and a great deal of attention to william f. buckley’s 1957 column on civil rights (and, of course, no attention to his subsequent thinking on the issue). advertisement advertisement i will address the criticism thematically rather than case by case. the arguments go, roughly: first theme: sure, republicans were good on civil rights for a long time, but those were liberal republicans, so you can’t claim them, since they’d be democrats now. that is the not-very-smart take from jay bookman at the atlanta journal constitution. this line of argument has a lot going for it: it begs the question, inasmuch as it assumes the falsity of my thesis (that the parties did not “flip” on civil rights) without bothering to establish it; it is unfalsifiable; it appeals to the shallow rah-rah partisan instincts of those who are disinclined to account for the full depth of the democrats’ culpability on civil rights. built into this response is an intentional misrepresentation of what conservatism is. in essence, liberals look back at history, identify the social changes of which they approve, and define “conservatism” as opposition to those changes, since conservatism is, in this reading, opposition to social change. thus the hilarious new york times reference to those seeking to maintain communism in post-soviet russia as “conservatives.” advertisement advertisement this doesn’t hold up to very much scrutiny: the abolitionist movement, for example, was populated largely by people who would be viewed with contempt by modern liberals, because they were crusading christians who sought to write their own interpretation of morality into the law. (or, in the case of john brown, militant anti-government activists pursuing second amendment remedies.) one of the things i like most about frederick douglass is his economic analysis of slavery. in douglass’s view, one of the great crimes of slavery is that black americans were denied the profit of their labor and the ability to invest and engage in enterprise. one of his great sources of bitterness was that even after emancipation, black americans remained excluded from the economy, and therefore unable to better themselves. lincoln’s views on the importance of a man’s ability to work to better his condition would be right at home on conservative talk radio today. those of us who believe in the transformative power of free enterprise would do well to study douglass — not that he was a perfect anticipation of the modern free-trader (i would not want to resurrect his views on tariffs), but because his values are our values. we too often think only in terms of abstractions such as growth and efficiency, but douglass, because of his own experience, took a more personal view of things. and a lot of those so-called liberals from the northeast who supported civil rights look pretty good by today’s republican standards: sober, free-enterprise, small-government guys. not ideological flamethrowers, to be sure, but not as bad as we remember them. advertisement a variation on this theme is to take what any given conservative did or thought at any given moment and take that as the authoritative expression of what conservatism is. thus all of the attention to wfb’s 1957 remarks. this is a childish approach, a high-school debater’s trick at best: “wfb was a conservative, wfb favored segregation in 1957, ergo conservatism is the philosophy of segregation.” this is easily turned about: “fdr was the founding father of modern liberalism, fdr put american citizens into prison camps, ergo liberalism is the philosophy of putting american citizens into prison camps.” of course it isn’t. (and neither is conservatism, i hope.) advertisement and, of course, conservatives disagree on things. wfb and ronald reagan disagreed very strongly about some things: the so-called war on drugs was one, the panama canal was another. are we to read one of them out of the conservative movement because he disagreed with the other? the idea is absurd. i am second to none in my admiration for the man, but there is more to the history of conservative thinking than william f. buckley, and conservatism is not idolatry — it is an inclination to learn from one’s mistakes. (strange that none of these alleged nr-ologists seems to have heard of harry jaffa.) another variation on this is simply to define opposition to racism as liberal and racism as conservative, as most of my critics implicitly do. but that also makes no sense: lyndon baines johnson was the architect of modern liberalism as practiced by the democratic party. he spent his entire career associating himself with the new deal and seeking to supplement it. the great society was his tribute to new deal liberalism. many of the totems of modern democratic liberalism — medicare, head start, etc. — are johnson creations. he was also a man who voted against anti-lynching legislation, gutted civil-rights reform in congress, and denounced republican-backed civil-rights action as “the nigger bill.” he was, by any reasonable standard of evidence, both a big-government liberal in the familiar democratic mold and a pretty ugly bigot. the same can be said of such democratic lions as robert byrd, who loved infrastructure spending and despised african americans (name me another politician who was using the word “nigger” on national television during the clinton administration), and william fulbright. the democrat racists of the 1950s and 1960s were not conservative outliers; they were the men who built modern liberalism. advertisement advertisement #more# advertisement second theme: it wasn’t a republican/democrat dispute, it was a north/south dispute. there is something to that, but it is far from the entire story. as i pointed out, john f. kennedy, who i am sure never tasted grits, opposed critical civil-rights reforms backed by republicans. third theme: if republicans were really good on civil rights, why did blacks stop voting for them? this argument keeps getting presented as though i had not dedicated a great deal of the column in question to answering it. the proximate cause of northern blacks’ first drift toward the democratic party was the new deal, not civil-rights legislation. as i pointed out, democrats first won a majority of northern black votes in the 1940 election, when democrats were still extraordinarily hostile to civil rights, in bed with the ku klux klan, etc. black voters seem to have a longstanding preference for activist government, and it is not difficult to imagine why, even if one does not share the preference. civil rights are not the only thing blacks care about; in fact, they probably are not even the main thing motivating black voters, given that reversion to the jim crow regime is unthinkable. segregated lunch counters aren’t coming back. but there are many things that african americans generally support that democrats back and republicans oppose. the fact that black voters have a particular preference does not make that preference a civil-rights issue. consider this chicago tribune dispatch from the days of the clinton impeachment, when the embattled president was looking to black voters to save his career: “clinton wins praise for his black appointments and support for haiti and affirmative action. seemingly forgotten are clinton’s support for controversial crime and welfare-reform legislation. as one friend put, it, ‘black people desert a friend in need.’” advertisement if we are to define “civil rights” as appointing black supporters to federal office, intervening in haiti, and backing affirmative action, stretching the meaning of the term. if we are to define supporting civil rights as being against “controversial crime and welfare-reform legislation” — the areas in which clinton was faulted for failing to further black interests — then in another realm altogether. but that is not what “civil rights” means. blacks are a little more than a tenth of the population and a third of tanf recipients. studies of black attitudes toward welfare are complicated and often contradictory, but let us say, for the sake of argument, that black voters see conservative welfare-reform initiatives as contrary to their interests. (black leaders certainly said as much during the last round of welfare reform.) that does not make welfare a civil-rights issue — just an issue that is important to black voters. thus the boneheadedness of jonathan chait’s claim: “that this strategy has sucked in more than 90 percent of the black electorate, and is currently being executed at the highest level by barack obama (who — at this point, it may be necessary to inform williamson — is black) suggests a mind-blowing level of false consciousness at work among the african-american community.” a variation on this is that i view black voters as “lacking agency,” as being too stupid to understand their own interests, etc. but that does not follow. blacks need not suffer from “false consciousness” (will we ever be rid of that marxist term?) to have political preferences that are different from my own and that i think are in error. andrew c. mccarthy and ramesh ponnuru have some preferences at odds with my own, but not because they understand the issues. old people, the chamber of commerce, college students, public-school teachers — all have some pretty dumb political attitudes. jonathan bernstein is closer to the truth when he writes that my argument “assumes a lack of agency on the part of most voters,” which is true — i think, in fact i know, that voters are in the aggregate ignorant and prone to making bad decisions. thus jesse curtis’s argument that the republican party has lost black support in the past 50 years because it has failed to further “black interests, as black people themselves saw them,” is a non sequitur, unless by “civil rights” we mean “black interests as black people see them.” but a policy preference does not become a civil-rights issue because blacks have a strong view about it. if nine out of ten black voters prefer strawberry ice cream to butter pecan, that does not make strawberry ice cream a civil-rights issue. advertisement black voters, like white voters, are voting on issues beyond civil rights. chait especially does not seem to understand this, which is why he attributes to me an argument i did not make and do not believe: “the republican takeover of the white south had absolutely nothing to do with civil rights, the revisionist case proclaims, except insofar as white southerners supported republicans because they were more pro-civil rights. . . . to the extent that republicans replaced democrats in the south, williamson sees their support for civil rights as the cause.” again, none of this follows from what i wrote. it is true that the republican party was, by any measure, more enlightened on civil rights than were the democrats in the 1950s and 1960s. it is also true that southern whites began to support republicans during those years while blacks began to support democrats. there is no because between those facts. chait imagines me to have committed a correlation-causation error that i did not make, and then promptly destroys an argument that exists only in his imagination. the evidence suggests that economic self-interest, not race, was the driving factor in the changing demographics of the two parties in the past 60 years. chait also adds: “williamson is willing to concede that opponents of civil rights laws have philosophical principles behind them, but only if they are republican.” we have goldwater’s words on his opposition to the 1964 act, and we have johnson’s words on his opposition to earlier legislation. i do not have to theorize about whether johnson’s opposition to civil-rights laws and anti-lynching laws were principled; they were not, and, as i point out, we have johnson’s own word on that. curtis goes on to argue: “the fundamental assumption of williamson’s piece is that the democratic party cynically keeps blacks on ‘the plantation’ rather than attempting to serve them like any other constituency.” i did not use the word “plantation” and am uncomfortable with that kind of rhetoric. but curtis misses the point: i think democrats cynically exploit blacks exactly like any other constituency. no special treatment. ed kilgore at washington monthly similarly puts words in my mouth: “this is a man, after all, who think’s it is obvious that lbj and other democrats were pursuing a consciously racist strategy of ‘enslaving’ african-americans by promoting the social programs associated with the great society.” i did not use the word “enslave,” and would not, inasmuch as i do not think that comparisons with chattel slavery are very often apt, any more than holocaust comparisons. indeed, the critics have smashed a lot of arguments i did not make. bernstein writes: “it’s bizarre to say that the democrats didn’t flip on civil rights.” i wrote: “supporting civil-rights reform was a radical turnaround for johnson and the democrats.” but not for the republicans. but i do thank mark schmidt of the roosevelt institute for an important correction: george h. w. bush did not defeat an odious racist democrat to win his house seat; the odious racist democrat was redistricted, and continued in his odious and racist ways with the full support and cooperation of the democratic party until retirement; the relatively enlightened bush won an open seat created by the redistricting.

məˈzʊri ɪz nɛkst ɔn ðə lɪst tɪ kriˈeɪt ə steɪt ˈʧæptər əv ə ˈnæʃənəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ðət ˈlɑbiz fər strɔŋ ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən əv rɪˈlɪʤən ənd ˈgəvərnmənt. ðə ˈsɛkjələr ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən fər əˈmɛrɪkə ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən əv rɪˈlɪʤən ənd ˈgəvərnmənt æt ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈlɛvəl. ˈspoʊkspərsən ˈlɔrən ˈændərsən ˈjəŋˌbləd sɪz ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən hoʊps tɪ hæv ˈʧæptərz ɪn ɔl 50 steɪts baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðɪs jɪr. siɪŋ ˈrisəntli ɪz ðət ə lɔt əv ðə moʊst ɪˈgriʤəs ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən biɪŋ ˌɪntrəˈdust ðət əˈtɛmpts tɪ rɪˈlɪʤən ənd ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz biɪŋ ˌɪntrəˈdust æt ðə steɪt level,”*,” ˈjəŋˌbləd sɪz. ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts əˈmɛrɪkənz hu bɪˈliv ɪn ə gɑd ər gɑdz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈrisənt ˈstədi frəm ðə pju ˈfɔrəm, əˈbaʊt 25 pərˈsɛnt əv məˈzʊriənz. ðə ˈsɛkjələr ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən fər əˈmɛrɪkə hæd ɪts fərst ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ kɔl ɪn məˈzʊri ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ənd ðə grup wɪl kənˈtɪnju ɪts ˈɛfərts wɪθ əˈnəðər kɔl ɪn leɪt ˌʤuˈlaɪ. ðɪs ˈstɔri wɑz prəˈdust ɪn ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp wɪθ columbiafavs.com*, ə ˈloʊkəl feɪθ ənd ˈvæljuz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt sɛt tɪ lɔnʧ ɪn mid-july*.

missouri is next on the list to create a state chapter of a national organization that lobbies for strong separation of religion and government. the secular coalition for america typically focuses on separation of religion and government at the federal level. spokesperson lauren anderson youngblood says the organization hopes to have chapters in all 50 states by the end of this year. “what we’re seeing recently is that a lot of the most egregious legislation being introduced that attempts to co-mingle religion and government is being introduced at the state level,” youngblood says. the organization represents americans who don’t believe in a god or gods. according to a recent study from the pew forum, that’s about 25 percent of missourians. the secular coalition for america had its first organizing call in missouri on thursday, and the group will continue its efforts with another call in late july. this story was produced in partnership with columbiafavs.com, a local faith and values website set to launch in mid-july.

mɪlˈwɔki kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈdɛməˌkræts maɪt bi ˈrɪŋɪŋ ðɛr hænz ˈoʊvər nɛkst jɪrz ˈmɪdˌtərm ɪˈlɛkʃənz, bət ˈpɑrti ˈlidərz aɪɪŋ ðə 36 guˌbərnəˈtɔˌriəl ˈreɪsɪz sˈleɪtɪd fər 2014 si nɑt ˈoʊnli ə mɔr ˈfeɪvərəbəl ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈklaɪmɪt bət ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ pleɪ əˈfɛns əˈgɛnst rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌɪnˈkəmbənt fild. ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈgəvərnərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˈɪzənt ˈwərid əˈbaʊt wət pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts kɔl ðə ɪʧ ðə ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənts sɪksθ jɪr ɪn ˈɔfəs, wɪn hɪz ˈpɑrti hɪˈstɔrɪkəli ˈsəfərz ˈlɔsɪz ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs. ˈpitər, ðə ˈgəvərnər əv vərˈmɑnt ənd ðə ʧɛr əv ðə, sɛd ˈdɛməˌkræts wʊd meɪk əp fər ðɛr ˈlɔsɪz ɪn 2010 wɪn ðə flɪpt 11 ˈsteɪˌthaʊsɪz ɔn ðə wɪŋz əv ðə ti ˈpɑrti ˈmuvmənt ðət geɪv raɪz tɪ ə rɪˈpəblɪkən məˈʤɔrəti ɪn ðə haʊs. "wiv gɑt ə greɪt ˈstɔri tɪ tɛl, ənd fər səm ˈrizən, ðə ˈnæʃənəl prɛs ˈhæzənt bɪn ˈtɛlɪŋ ɪt," sɛd ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd æt ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈgəvərnərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ˈænjuəl ˈsəmər ˈmitɪŋ. "wəts bɪn fərˈgɑtən ɪz ðət ɪn 2010 wi hæd mɔr nu ˈgəvərnərz ɪˈlɛktɪd ðən ˈɛniˌtaɪm ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri. ɪt wɑz ðə seɪm ɪˈlɛktərət ðət sɛnt ɔl ðiz ti ˈpɑrti foʊks tɪ ˈkɑŋgrəs, ənd ðeɪ wən mɔr ˈgəvərnərz' ˈmænʧənz ðən ˈɛniˌwən wʊd hæv ˈɛvər ɛnˈvɪʒənd." rɪˈpəblɪkənz meɪd ən ˈizi əˈsɛnt tɪ ðɛr ˈsteɪˌthaʊs məˈʤɔrəti θri jɪrz əˈgoʊ ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz əv ðə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˈoʊpən ˈreɪsɪz: ɪn 2010 ˈoʊnli 13 əv ðə 37 ˌɪnˈkəmbənt ˈgəvərnərz ræn fər əˈnəðər tərm, ˈklɪrɪŋ ðə fild ɪn ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 24 ˈreɪsɪz. nɛkst jɪr, fɑr mɔr ˌɪnˈkəmbənt ˈkænədɪts wɪl bi ɪn pleɪ. səm ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈgəvərnərz meɪ luz tɪ ə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈʧælɪnʤər ɪn ˌɪləˈnɔɪz, gəv. pæt kwɪn ɪz ɔˈrɛdi əp əˈgɛnst ˈfɛloʊ ˈdɛməˌkræt bɪl ˈdeɪli, ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈdeɪli ˈfæməli ˈdaɪnəsti ðət həz ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ˈpɑləˌtɪks fər ˈdɛkeɪdz bət əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv vərˈʤɪnjəz ˈsɛnər fər ˈpɑləˌtɪks, 2014 wɪl bi ə jɪr fər ˌɪnˈkəmbənt ˈkænədɪts rəˈgɑrdləs. ðeɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðət 30 əv ðə 36 ˌɪnˈkəmbənts wɪl sik riɪˈlɛkʃən nɛkst fɔl, ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə ˈrɛkərd 26 ðət ræn ɪn 1960, ðə ˈgəvərnər əv vərˈmɑnt, ɪz əp fər riɪˈlɛkʃən hɪmˈsɛlf nɛkst noʊˈvɛmbər. hi prɪˈdɪktɪd ðə wʊd hoʊld ðə 14 ˈsteɪˌthaʊsɪz kənˈtroʊld baɪ ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈgəvərnərz huz tərmz ər ˈɛndɪŋ (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ roʊd ˈaɪləndz ˈlɪŋkən ˈʧæfi, hu swɪʧt hɪz ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən frəm ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt tɪ ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr), ənd ˈɔlsoʊ meɪk geɪnz ɪn ˈvəlnərəbəl steɪts laɪk ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə, ˈmɪʃɪgən, meɪn, saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə, ənd ˈflɔrɪdə. ðə ʧɛr ˈɔlsoʊ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd "ril ˌɑpərˈtunətiz" ɪn steɪts laɪk wɪˈskɑnsən, ˈaɪəwə, ənd oʊˈhaɪoʊ "tɪ neɪm ə fju," hi sɛd. əv ðə 30 rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈgəvərnərz naʊ ɪn ˈɔfəs, 19 ər əp fər riɪˈlɛkʃən ənd ˈmɛni ɪn steɪts ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə wən ˈhændəli ɪn læst jɪrz ɪˈlɛkʃən. nɛkst jɪrz ˈmɪdˌtərmz, ˈɑrgjud, wʊd bi ə "ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm" ɔn ˈgəvərnərz "kənˈstreɪnd baɪ ə ˈrædɪkəl ˈsoʊʃəl əˈʤɛndə." "ˈwɛðər ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˈlɪmətɪŋ ˈwɪmənz raɪts, goʊɪŋ ˈæftər ˈɪməgrənts, goʊɪŋ ˈæftər ˈleɪbər, goʊɪŋ ˈæftər ˈwərkɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkənz, ˈlɪmətɪŋ ðə raɪts əv geɪz ənd ˈlɛzbiənz ˈwɛðər ˈgəvərnərz ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ə ˈrædɪkəl ti ˈpɑrti əˈʤɛndə, ˈvərsəz groʊɪŋ ʤɑbz ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɑpərˈtunətiz, ɪz ə ˈrɛsəpi fər səkˈsɛs," sɛd. "ənd aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ɪt ɪz." "wɪr ˈrɪli ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk," hi ˈædɪd. bət ðɛn əˈgɛn, soʊ wɑz luˌiziˈænə gəv. ˈbɑbi, ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt æt ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈgəvərnərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. ˈspikɪŋ ɪn mɪlˈwɔkiz ˈfɪstər hoʊˈtɛl læst ˈsənˌdi, toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz hɪz ˌɪnˈkəmbənt ˈkænədɪts wʊd gɪt ə "ˈstɛdəli ˈbɛtər" rɪˈsɛpʃən frəm ˈvoʊtərz wəns ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈsizən ˈprɑpər sɛts ɪn ˈərli nɛkst jɪr. "ɪts nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ bi əˈbaʊt ˈpɑrti ˈleɪbəlz ər ædz," sɛd. "ˈɪtəl bi əˈbaʊt fɔr jɪrz əv ʤɑb groʊθ, fɔr jɪrz əv ˈbælənsɪŋ ðə ˈbəʤɪt, fɔr jɪrz əv ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔn bɪg ˈprɑbləmz laɪk ˈpɛnʃən rɪˈfɔrm, ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən rɪˈfɔrm, ənd tæks rɪˈfɔrm." ˈɑrgjud ðət ˈivɪn rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈgəvərnərz ˈrənɪŋ fər əˈnəðər tərm ɪn steɪts ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈkɛrid laɪk ˈgɑvərnərz. skɑt ˈwɔkər əv wɪˈskɑnsən ənd ʤɑn ˈkɑsɪʧ əv oʊˈhaɪoʊ wʊd wɪn ðɛr ˈreɪsɪz ɔn wət hi kɔld ðə "ˈprɑdəkts əv [ðɛr] rɪˈfɔrmz." "ðeɪv gɑt ə greɪt, greɪt ˈstɔri tɪ tɛl," sɛd. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ənd əˈpɪr ˈikwəli ˈkɑnfədənt, məʧ əˈbaʊt ðə 2014 guˌbərnəˈtɔˌriəl ˈkɑntɛst rɪˈmeɪnz ənˈnoʊn: boʊθ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ənd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk fildz hæv jɛt tɪ sɛt ɪn ðə sɪks ˈoʊpən ˈreɪsɪz nɛkst jɪr, ənd ɪt wɪl bi mənθs ˌbiˈfɔr wi noʊ ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈʧælənʤɪz tɪ ˌɪnˈkəmbənts. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈhændiˌkæpərz doʊnt fɔrˈsi ə drəˈmætɪk si ʧeɪnʤ fər ˈiðər ˈpɑrti. ˈgəvərnɪŋ ˈmægəˌzin ˈrizənd ðət ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm fər ˈdɛməˌkræts wʊd bi ə nɛt geɪn əv fɔr sits, ənd fər rɪˈpəblɪkənz ə nɛt geɪn əv θri sits. ðə ˈrɔθənbərg pəˈlɪtɪkəl rɪˈpɔrt neɪmz ˈflɔrɪdə ənd ˈmɪʃɪgən, tu steɪts wɪθ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌɪnˈkəmbənt ˈkænədɪts, ɛz ðə moʊst kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv tɪ wɔʧ nɛkst jɪr. ɪn ˈflɔrɪdə, gəv. rɪk skɑt wɪl feɪs ti ˈpɑrti ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən frəm ðə raɪt ɪn laɪt əv hɪz səˈpɔrt fər ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækts ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ɪkˈspænʧən. ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən, gəv. rɪk sˈnaɪdər wɪl hæv tɪ dɪˈfɛnd læst jɪrz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ənd mɔr ˈrisəntli hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ faɪl ˈbæŋkrəptsi fər ˈdiˌtrɔɪt. bət æst əˈbaʊt sˈnaɪdər ənd skɑt, wɑz ˈkɑnfədənt ðə tu wʊd meɪk ɪt θru riɪˈlɛkʃən ˈbætəlz. wən saɪn əv ðə gʊd ˈprɑspɛkts ɪn 2014 sɛd, ər ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkænədɪts ˈrənɪŋ ɪn ðə tu guˌbərnəˈtɔˌriəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz ðɪs fɔl: əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl kɛn cuccinelli*, ɪn ə kloʊz reɪs əˈgɛnst ˈtɛri məˈkɔləf ɪn vərˈʤɪnjə; ənd ˌɪnˈkəmbənt gəv. krɪs ˈkrɪsti ɪn nu ˈʤərzi, hu ɪz ˈrənɪŋ fər hɪz ˈsɛkənd tərm ənd ˈlidɪŋ steɪt sɛn. ˈbɑrbərə bˈwoʊnoʊ baɪ ən ˈævərɪʤ əv 30 pɔɪnts ɪn ðə poʊlz. sɪns ʃi gɑt ɪn ðə reɪs læst dɪˈsɛmbər, bˈwoʊnoʊ həz feɪld tɪ kloʊz ɪn ɔn ˈkrɪstiz waɪd lɛd, dɪˈspaɪt ðə steɪts ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈmeɪˌkəp. waɪl ækˈnɑlɪʤɪŋ ðə "ˈʧælənʤɪŋ" ˈneɪʧər əv ðə reɪs bɪtˈwin bˈwoʊnoʊ ənd ˈkrɪsti, ˈkɔʃənd ðət ɪt ɪz "baɪ noʊ minz ˈoʊvər." bət ðə hɛd wʊd nɑt seɪ ˈwɛðər hɪz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən wʊd prəˈvaɪd səˈpɔrt ɪn ðə weɪ əv ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ædz. "aɪv bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ˈkloʊsli wɪθ ˈbɑrbərə, bɪˈkəz wi wɔnt tɪ wɪn. wɪr nɑt ˈgɑnə stɑrt ˈspɛndɪŋ bɪg ˈməni ənˈtɪl wi si ˈɛvədəns ðət wɪr ˈgɑnə wɪn. ənd soʊ wɪr kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ əˈsɛs ðət."

milwaukee congressional democrats might be wringing their hands over next year's midterm elections, but party leaders eyeing the 36 gubernatorial races slated for 2014 see not only a more favorable electoral climate but an opportunity to play offense against republican incumbent field. the democratic governors association isn't worried about what political scientists call the six-year itch the sitting president's sixth year in office, when his party historically suffers losses in congress. peter shumlin, the governor of vermont and the chair of the dga, said democrats would make up for their losses in 2010, when the flipped 11 statehouses on the wings of the tea party movement that gave rise to a republican majority in the house. "we've got a great story to tell, and for some reason, the national press hasn't been telling it," shumlin said in an interview this weekend at the national governors association's annual summer meeting. "what's been forgotten is that in 2010, we had more new governors elected than anytime in american history. it was the same electorate that sent all these tea party folks to congress, and they won more governors' mansions than anyone would have ever envisioned." republicans made an easy ascent to their statehouse majority three years ago in part because of the large number of open races: in 2010, only 13 of the 37 incumbent governors ran for another term, clearing the field in a total of 24 races. next year, far more incumbent candidates will be in play. some sitting governors may lose to a primary challenger in illinois, gov. pat quinn is already up against fellow democrat bill daley, a member of the daley family dynasty that has dominated chicago politics for decades but according to the university of virginia's center for politics, 2014 will be a chart-topping year for incumbent candidates regardless. they estimate that 30 of the 36 incumbents will seek reelection next fall, breaking the record 26 that ran in 1960. shumlin, the two-term governor of vermont, is up for reelection himself next november. he predicted the dga would hold the 14 statehouses controlled by democratic governors whose terms are ending (including rhode island's lincoln chafee, who switched his registration from independent to democrat earlier this year), and also make gains in vulnerable republican-controlled states like pennsylvania, michigan, maine, south carolina, and florida. the dga chair also identified "real opportunities" in states like wisconsin, iowa, and ohio "to name a few," he said. of the 30 republican governors now in office, 19 are up for reelection and many in states president barack obama won handily in last year's election. next year's midterms, shumlin argued, would be a "referendum" on right-wing governors "constrained by a radical social agenda." "whether focusing on limiting women's rights, going after immigrants, going after labor, going after working americans, limiting the rights of gays and lesbians whether governors focusing on a radical tea party agenda, versus growing jobs and economic opportunities, is a recipe for success," shumlin said. "and i don't think it is." "we're really optimistic," he added. but then again, so was louisiana gov. bobby jindal, shumlin's counterpart at the republican governors association. speaking in milwaukee's pfister hotel last sunday, jindal told reporters his incumbent candidates would get a "steadily better" reception from voters once election season proper sets in early next year. "it's not going to be about party labels or 30-second ads," jindal said. "it'll be about four years of job growth, four years of balancing the budget, four years of taking on big problems like pension reform, education reform, and tax reform." jindal argued that even republican governors running for another term in states obama carried like govs. scott walker of wisconsin and john kasich of ohio would win their races on what he called the "products of [their] reforms." "they've got a great, great story to tell," jindal said. although shumlin and jindal appear equally confident, much about the 2014 gubernatorial contest remains unknown: both the republican and democratic fields have yet to set in the six open races next year, and it will be months before we know the outcome of primary challenges to incumbents. additionally, political handicappers don't foresee a dramatic sea change for either party. governing magazine reasoned that the best-case outcome for democrats would be a net gain of four seats, and for republicans a net gain of three seats. the rothenberg political report names florida and michigan, two states with republican incumbent candidates, as the most competitive to watch next year. in florida, gov. rick scott will face tea party opposition from the right in light of his support for the affordable care act's medicaid expansion. in michigan, gov. rick snyder will have to defend last year's controversial right-to-work legislation and more recently his decision to file bankruptcy for detroit. but asked about snyder and scott, jindal was confident the two would make it through hard-fought reelection battles. one sign of the's good prospects in 2014, jindal said, are the republican candidates running in the two off-year gubernatorial elections this fall: attorney general ken cuccinelli, in a close race against terry mcauliffe in virginia; and incumbent gov. chris christie in new jersey, who is running for his second term and leading state sen. barbara buono by an average of 30 points in the polls. since she got in the race last december, buono has failed to close in on christie's wide lead, despite the state's democratic makeup. while acknowledging the "challenging" nature of the race between buono and christie, shumlin cautioned that it is "by no means over." but the dga head would not say whether his organization would provide support in the way of television ads. "i've been working closely with barbara, because we want to win. we're not gonna start spending big money until we see evidence that we're gonna win. and so we're continuing to assess that."

aɪ æm nɑt ə ˈpərsən proʊn tɪ fɪts əv ril reɪʤ ər ˈæŋgər. bət ə waɪl bæk boʊθ maɪ kɪdz kɛpt ˈmuvɪŋ ə ʧɛr ɪn ɑr ˈkɪʧən ənd aɪ kɛpt ˈtrɪpɪŋ ˈoʊvər ɪt. ðeɪ wər nɑt ˈminɪŋ tɪ meɪk mi trɪp. ðeɪ wər ʤɪst fərˈgɛtɪŋ tɪ pʊt ðə ʧɛr bæk. aɪ kɛpt riˈmaɪndɪŋ ðɛm. ðeɪ kɛpt fərˈgɛtɪŋ. æt wən pɔɪnt aɪ keɪm θru ðə ˈkɪʧən ˈkɛriɪŋ ə ˈhɛvi bɑks, ˈmuvɪŋ fæst, ənd trɪpt ˈoʊvər ðət dæm ʧɛr. aɪ wɑz soʊ ˈlɪvɪd aɪ ʤɪst pɪkt ðə dæm θɪŋ əp ənd hərld ɪt. ɪt ˈʃætərd ənd tʊk ə ʧəŋk aʊt əv ðə draɪ wɔl. tɪ bi ˈɑnəst, aɪ fɛlt gʊd fər əˈbaʊt faɪv ˈsɛkəndz, ðɛn wɑz ˈrɪli pɪst æt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf fər ðə ˈdæmɪʤ dən. ðə hoʊl θɪŋ wɑz ɛnˈreɪʤɪŋ, bət æt ðət ˈmoʊmənt aɪ hæd tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz maɪ oʊn ˌkəlpəˈbɪlɪti ənd maɪ ˈprɪti ˈstupɪd rɪˈspɑns. aɪ kʊd hæv ˈteɪkən ðə ʧɛr əˈweɪ, ˈgɪvɪn ðə kids’*’ prəˈpɛnsɪti tɪ liv ɪt ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə flɔr. bət aɪ dɪd nɑt. aɪ rɪˈleɪt ɔl əv ðət bɪˈkəz əv wət aɪ æm siɪŋ aʊt ɪn ðə ˈjɑndər əv kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ðə ˈdæləs ˈmɔrnɪŋ nuz ɪz ɛnˈdɔrsɪŋ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən. trəmp kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ˈstrəgəl wɪθ rɪˈpəblɪkənz. hɪz ˈvoʊtərz si ɔl ðɪs ðeɪ si trəˈdɪʃənəli rɪˈpəblɪkən steɪts ˈsədənli kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ənd ðeɪ ər kənˈvɪnst ðɛr ɪz səm ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt kənˈspɪrəsi əˈgɛnst ðɛm. ðə ɪˈlit ʤɪst hæv tɪ bi kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts. ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs hu əˈpoʊz trəmp məst ˈsikrɪtli ˈrɪli laɪk ˈhɪləri ˈivɪn ðoʊ wi wɪl nɑt ədˈmɪt ɪt. ðeɪ hæv ˈræʃənəˌlaɪzd ənd ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd ənd ɪkˈspleɪnd əˈweɪ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. ˈɛni poʊl ðət ʃoʊz trəmp əˈhɛd ɪz ˈkrɛdəbəl ənd ˈɛni poʊl ðət ʃoʊz ɪm bɪˈhaɪnd məst bi unskewed*. ˈɛvriˌwən ðeɪ noʊ ɪz ˈvoʊtɪŋ fər trəmp ənd ˈɛvriˌwən ðeɪ noʊ heɪts ˈhɪləri, soʊ ʃi ˈkænɑt ˈpɑsəbli bi ɪn ðə lɛd. ə ˈsaɪzəbəl məˈnɔrəti əv rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈvoʊtərz hɛlpt baɪ ˌnɑntrəˈdɪʃənəl rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈvoʊtərz θru ə ˈtɛmpər ˈtæntrəm. ðeɪ pʊt ə hoʊl ɪn ðə wɔl əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ənd ɪt həz fɛlt ˈrɪli gʊd tɪ ðɛm. bət ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs wɪl naʊ lɪv wɪθ ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz ənd aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt æt səm pɔɪnt ˈæftər ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən bi pɪst wɪθ ðɛmˈsɛlvz laɪk rɔs pəroʊ ˈvoʊtərz hu naʊ seɪ wi ɔl hæv tɪ voʊt fər trəmp bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd wət ˈhæpənd wɪn ðə ˈvoʊtɪd pəroʊ. ðɛr ər ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈgrivənsɪz əˈməŋ trəmp ˈvoʊtərz ənd aɪ fɪr ə lɔt əv rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɪl ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ kənˈsɪdər ðoʊz ˈgrivənsɪz ˈæftər ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪz ˈoʊvər. ðɛr ər ləˈʤɪtəmət kənˈsərnz ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən, ʤɑb kriˈeɪʃən, ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti, ðə juz. roʊl ɪn ðə wərld, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. bət trəmp ɪz ðə ˈbæstərd ləv ʧaɪld əv ə ˈvoʊtər ˈtɛmpər ˈtæntrəm ənd ˈoʊpən ˈpraɪˌmɛriz. ɪt. hi ɪz ðə hoʊl ɪn ðə wɔl ˈoʊvər wɪʧ ðə ˈneɪʃən wɪl hæv tɪ ˈspækəl, sænd, ənd peɪnt. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ðə ˈtɛmpər ˈtæntrəm ɪz, ɪn pɑrt, ðə rɪˈzəlt əv nɑt ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə ʧɛr aʊt əv ðə weɪ ˈərliər. ðə ʧɛr biɪŋ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz ðiz ˈvoʊtərz du nɑt laɪk ˌɛniˈmɔr. wɪn trəmp ˈluzɪz, mɪʧ məˈkɑnəl wɪl stɪl bi ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ðə ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt. wɪl stɪl bi ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ðə rnc*. ˈkɛvɪn məˈkɑrθi wɪl stɪl bi ðə ˈlidər ɪn ðə haʊs. pɔl raɪən wɪl stɪl bi ˈspikər, ðoʊ ɪn ˈfɛrnəs tɪ ɪm, hi ɪz ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈaʊstɪŋ ˈboʊnər. ˈboʊnər, əv kɔrs, ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlidər tɪ luz hɪz ʤɑb fər rɪˈpitɪdli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ənd ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈprɑməsəz ənd ˈkətɪŋ ˈrɪli bæd ˌɪnˈsaɪdər dilz. raɪən həz hæd tɪ klin əp ðə ˈmɛsɪz əv ˈəðərz. ðoʊz ʧɛrz kʊd hæv bɪn muvd, bət ɪt dɪd nɑt ˈhæpən. ɔl ðiz ˈpipəl ər goʊɪŋ tɪ stɪl bi ðɛr. ðə ˈvoʊtərz kʊd nɑt pɪk ðɛm əp ənd θroʊ ðɛm æt ə ˌmɛtəˈfɔrɪkəl wɔl, soʊ ðeɪ pɪkt əp trəmp ənd θru ɪm æt ðɛm. ɪt ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ɛnd ˈbædli. ɪt ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈkɔstli mɔr ˈkɔstli ðən ˈspækəl, sænd ˈpeɪpər, ənd peɪnt. bət meɪk noʊ mɪˈsteɪk əˈbaʊt, laɪk ðə hoʊl ɪn maɪ wɔl, ðə trəmp ˈkændɪdəsi ɪz ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈiˌmoʊʃən ənd ˈæŋgər ənd nɑt ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ baɪ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈvoʊtərz. ðiz ˈvoʊtərz ər æt səm pɔɪnt goʊɪŋ tɪ stɑp siɪŋ rɛd ənd wɪn ðeɪ du hæv tɪ lʊk æt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn ðə ˈmɪrər ənd ˈwəndər wət ðeɪ dɪd. ˈbleɪmɪŋ ˈəðərz ɪz ɑr ˈnæʧərəl ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈteɪkɪŋ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər ɑr oʊn ˈækʃənz. ɪt wɑz ə lɔt ˈiziər fər mi tɪ bleɪm maɪ kɪdz fər nɑt ˈpʊtɪŋ ðə ʧɛr bæk. bət ðeɪ dɪd nɑt θroʊ ðə ʧɛr ənd pʊt ðə hoʊl ɪn ðə wɔl. aɪ dɪd. ðiz ˈvoʊtərz ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd ðə wən gaɪ hu wɑz ˈnɛvər goʊɪŋ tɪ bit ˈhɪləri. ðeɪ kən bleɪm ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls ɔl ðeɪ wɔnt, bət æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ ðeɪ pʊt ðə hoʊl ɪn ðə wɔl.

i am not a person prone to fits of real rage or anger. but a while back both my kids kept moving a chair in our kitchen and i kept tripping over it. they were not meaning to make me trip. they were just forgetting to put the chair back. i kept reminding them. they kept forgetting. at one point i came through the kitchen carrying a heavy box, moving fast, and tripped over that damn chair. i was so livid i just picked the damn thing up and hurled it. it shattered and took a chunk out of the dry wall. to be honest, i felt good for about five seconds, then was really pissed at myself for the damage i’d done. the whole thing was enraging, but at that moment i had to realize my own culpability and my pretty stupid response. i could have taken the chair away, given the kids’ propensity to leave it in the middle of the floor. but i did not. i relate all of that because of what i am seeing out in the yonder of conservative politics. the dallas morning news is endorsing hillary clinton. trump continues to struggle with republicans. his voters see all this — they see traditionally republican states suddenly competitive — and they are convinced there is some elaborate establishment conspiracy against them. the gop elite just have to be collaborating with the democrats. those of us who oppose trump must secretly really like hillary even though we will not admit it. they have rationalized and justified and explained away everything. any poll that shows trump ahead is credible and any poll that shows him behind must be unskewed. everyone they know is voting for trump and everyone they know hates hillary, so she cannot possibly be in the lead. a sizable minority of republican voters helped by non-traditional republican voters threw a temper tantrum. they put a hole in the wall of american politics. and it has felt really good to them. but all of us will now live with the consequences and i suspect at some point after the election they’ll be pissed with themselves like ross perot voters who now say we all have to vote for trump because they realized what happened when the voted perot. there are legitimate grievances among trump voters and i fear a lot of republicans will refuse to consider those grievances after the election is over. there are legitimate concerns on immigration, job creation, national security, the u.s. role in the world, etc. but trump is the bastard love child of a voter temper tantrum and open primaries. that’s it. he is the hole in the wall over which the nation will have to spackle, sand, and paint. it is also worth noting that the temper tantrum is, in part, the result of not getting the chair out of the way earlier. the chair being the republicans these voters do not like anymore. when trump loses, mitch mcconnell will still be in charge of the gop in the senate. reince preibus will still be in charge of the rnc. kevin mccarthy will still be the gop leader in the house. paul ryan will still be speaker, though in fairness to him, he is the result of ousting boehner. boehner, of course, is the only republican leader to lose his job for repeatedly making and breaking promises and cutting really bad insider deals. ryan has had to clean up the messes of others. those chairs could have been moved, but it did not happen. all these people are going to still be there. the voters could not pick them up and throw them at a metaphorical wall, so they picked up trump and threw him at them. it is going to end badly. it is going to be costly — more costly than spackle, sand paper, and paint. but make no mistake about, like the hole in my wall, the trump candidacy is the result of emotion and anger and not critical thinking by republican voters. these voters are at some point going to stop seeing red and when they do they’ll have to look at themselves in the mirror and wonder what they did. blaming others is our natural inclination to avoid taking responsibility for our own actions. it was a lot easier for me to blame my kids for not putting the chair back. but they did not throw the chair and put the hole in the wall. i did. these voters nominated the one guy who was never going to beat hillary. they can blame everyone else all they want, but at the end of the day they put the hole in the wall.

hwange* ə ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ənd laɪən əˈfɛkʃənətli neɪmd ˈsisəl wɑz kɪld baɪ spɔrt ˈhəntərz ʤɪst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ɪn zɪmˈbɑbweɪ læst wik. ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf ɛnˈθuziˌæsts seɪ ˈsisəl, ˈpɑsəbli ˈlɑrʤəst laɪən, wɑz ə ˈfeɪvərɪt əˈməŋ ˈvɪzɪtərz tɪ prɛˈmɪr ˈnæʃənəl pɑrk ɛz hi wɑz ɪkˈstrimli rɪˈlækst əraʊnd səˈfɑri ˈviɪkəlz. ˈsisəl wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ ə ˈkɑlər wɪn ʃɑt wɪθ boʊ ənd ˈɛroʊ baɪ ə ˈspænɪʃ ˈhəntər ɪn ðə kənˈsɛʃən ðət ˈbɔrdərz ðə pɑrk. alledgely*, ˈsisəl dɪd nɑt daɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ənd ɪt tʊk ə ˈfərðər tu deɪz tɪ træk ɪm ənd kɪl ɪm wɪθ ə ˈraɪfəl. ðə laɪən wɑz skɪnd ənd hɪz hɛd riˈmuvd ɛz ə ˈtroʊfi. ðɛr meɪ hæv bɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə ˈkɑlər ənd haɪd ɪt bət ɪt wɑz ˈleɪtər faʊnd. əˈpɛrəntli ðɛr ɪz noʊ pərˈmɪtɪd kˈwoʊtə tɪ ʃut laɪənz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə bət zɪmˈbɑbwiən ˈhəntərz ˈpoʊstɪŋ ɪn ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈfɔrəmz hæv ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðə hənt wɑz ˈligəl. ðə zɪmˈbɑbweɪ prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈhəntərz ənd gaɪdz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən (zphga*) sɛd ɪn ɪts ˈsteɪtmənt leɪt ˈmənˌdeɪ kənˈfərmɪŋ ðət ðə prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈhəntər, ˈθioʊ bronkhorst*, əˈkəmpəniɪŋ ðə ˈspænɪʃ klaɪənt wɑz wən əv ɪts ˈmɛmbərz. ˈligəl ər nɑt, ðə dɛθ əv ˈsisəl, hu həz bɪn ə ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈaɪkɑn ɪn ðə ˈɛriə fər ˈoʊvər ˈθərˈtin jɪrz, həz kɔzd dip kənˈsərn əˈməŋ ˈmɛni ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃənɪsts əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpræktɪs əv laɪən ˈtroʊfi ˈhəntɪŋ. ɪn ə prɛs riˈlis, ndlovo*, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə ˈæfrɪkɑn bʊʃ kæmps grup əv ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˈsteɪtɪd: maɪ ˈpərsɪnəl kəˈpæsɪti. aɪ ˈstrɔŋli ˈɑbʤɛkt ənd ˈviəməntli dɪsəˈgri wɪθ ðə ənd ˈpræktɪs əv ˈhəntɪŋ laɪənz ɪn ˈɛni ˈgɪvɪn ˈɛriə. aɪ wɪl ˈpərsənəli bi ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ zɪmˈbɑbweɪ ˈnæʃənəl pɑrks ənd ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ wɪθ ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ stɑp ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ əv laɪənz ənd wɪθ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət effect.”*.” braɪən ˈɔrfərd ə ˈrɛgjələr ˈvɪzɪtər tɪ ənd hu həz fɪlmd ˈsisəl ɔn ˈnumərəs ɔˈkeɪʒənz sɪz ˈsisəl wɑz ˈtʊrɪst əˈtrækʃən. nɑt ˈoʊnli ə ˈnæʧərəl lɔs, bət ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl loss.”*.” ˈɔrfərd ˈrɛkənz ðət wɪθ ˈtʊrɪsts frəm ʤɪst wən lɑʤ kəˈlɛktɪvli peɪɪŋ 9 800/day*, zɪmˈbɑbweɪ wʊd hæv ərnd mɔr ɪn ʤɪst 5 deɪz baɪ ˈhævɪŋ ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ˈteɪkən, ðən biɪŋ ʃɑt baɪ ˈsəmˌwən peɪɪŋ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˌwəˈnɔf fi əv 45 000 wɪθ noʊ hoʊp əv fˈjuʧər ˈrɛvəˌnu. ə fʊl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ðə zɪmˈbɑbweɪ ˈnæʃənəl pɑrks ənd ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf əˈθɔrəti ənd ðə səˈfɑri ˈɪndəstri æt lɑrʤ həz bɪn ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ənd ə ˈmitɪŋ həz bɪn kɔld fər ɔl ˈsteɪˌkhoʊldərz tɪ dɪˈskəs ðə ˈɪnsədənt ənd faɪnd ə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən. ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz dɪˈstrɪbjətəd baɪ ðə ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈækʃən trəst ənd ɪz juzd wɪθ ðɛr pərˈmɪʃən.

hwange - a well-known and much-photographed black-maned lion affectionately named cecil was killed by sport hunters just outside hwange in zimbabwe last week. wildlife enthusiasts say cecil, possibly hwanges’s largest lion, was a favourite among visitors to zimbabwe’s premier national park as he was extremely relaxed around safari vehicles. cecil was wearing a collar when shot with bow and arrow by a spanish hunter in the gwaai concession that borders the park. alledgely, cecil did not die immediately and it took a further two days to track him and kill him with a rifle. the lion was skinned and his head removed as a trophy. there may have been an attempt to destroy the collar and hide it but it was later found. apparently there is no permitted quota to shoot lions in the gwaai area but zimbabwean hunters posting in online forums have insisted the hunt was legal. the zimbabwe professional hunters and guides association (zphga) said in its statement late monday confirming that the professional hunter, theo bronkhorst, accompanying the spanish client was one of its members. legal or not, the death of cecil, who has been a favourite icon in the area for over thirteen years, has caused deep concern among many conservationists about the practice of lion trophy hunting. in a press release, beks ndlovo, ceo of the african bush camps group of companies, stated: “in my personal capacity. i strongly object and vehemently disagree with the legalising and practice of hunting lions in any given area. i will personally be encouraging zimbabwe national parks and engaging with government officials to stop the killing of lions and with immediate effect.” bryan orford a regular visitor to hwange and who has filmed cecil on numerous occasions says cecil was hwange’s “biggest tourist attraction. not only a natural loss, but a financial loss.” orford reckons that with tourists from just one lodge collectively paying $9 800/day, zimbabwe would have earned more in just 5 days by having cecil’s photograph taken, than being shot by someone paying a single one-off fee of $45 000 with no hope of future revenue. a full investigation by the zimbabwe national parks and wildlife authority and the safari industry at large has been initiated and a meeting has been called for all stakeholders to discuss the incident and find a resolution. this article was distributed by the conservation action trust and is used with their permission.

ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən tʊk ə swaɪp æt rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈraɪvəl ˈdɑnəld stæns ɔn, seɪɪŋ ðət comments”*” du mɔr hɑrm ðən gʊd ˈdʊrɪŋ səʧ taɪmz. ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ trəmp həz heɪld voʊt tɪ liv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən ɛz ““fantastic,”*,” ˈtɛlɪŋ rɪˈpɔrtərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ˈskɑtlənd ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðət hi θɪŋks ðə ɪz greɪt thing.”*.” ˈklɪntən, hu wɑz ˈspikɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈkɑnfərəns əv meɪərz, dɪd nɑt ˈmɛnʃən trəmp baɪ neɪm, bət toʊld ˈsɪti ˈlidərz ðət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ʃʊd bi ˈgəvərnd baɪ ðoʊz pʊt ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl əˈhɛd əv ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl ˈbɪznɪs interests.”*.” [related-post*] wɔʧ ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈmeɪkɪŋ nuz trəmp wɑz ɪn ˈskɑtlənd fər ðə ˌsɛrəˈmoʊniəl əv hɪz riˈfərbɪʃt trəmp gɔlf kɔrs. əˈmɛrɪkə nidz ˈlidərz ˌəndərˈstænd ðət bɑmˈbæstɪk ˈkɑmɛnts ɪn ˈtərbjələnt taɪmz kən ˈæˌkʧuəli kɔz mɔr turbulence,”*,” ˈklɪntən sɛd. waɪ ˈstɛdi, ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈlidərˌʃɪp ɪz soʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt æt taɪmz laɪk these.”*.” trəmp, hu həz rɪˈlaɪd ɔn ˈpɑpjələst ˈfərvər ənd ˈrɛtərɪk ɪn hɪz ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl bɪd, həz sɛd ˈmuvmənt hæd ˈpɛrəˌlɛlz wɪθ hɪz oʊn kwɛst tɪ bɪˈkəm ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt. ˈklɪntən ækˈnɑlɪʤd ˈsənˌdi ðət ɛz wi hæv sin ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd ˈpipəl ɪn ˈbrɪtən, wi noʊ ðɛr ər ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd ˈpipəl hir æt hoʊm too.”*.” bət, ʃi toʊld ðə meɪərz hu ˈgæðərd ɪn ðə mɪdˈwɛstərn ˈsɪti əv ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs, wən ʃʊd bi kənfˈjuzd əˈbaʊt kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ˈjʊrəp, nɑt ən ˈɔtəˌkræt ɪn ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn, nɑt ə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt ɔn ə ˈskɑtɪʃ gɔlf course.”*.” nu poʊlz riˈlist ˈsənˌdi ʃoʊd ˈklɪntən ˈteɪkɪŋ ə lɛd ɪn ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl reɪs. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən nuz ˈsərˌveɪ, 51 pər sɛnt əv rɪˈspɑndənts sɛd ðeɪ wʊd voʊt fər ˈklɪntən, ˈvərsəz 39 pərˈsɛnt fər trəmp. ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ə wɔl strit nuz poʊl ʃoʊd ə sˈlɪmər lɛd fər ˈklɪntən wɪθ 46 pər sɛnt tɪ 41 pər sɛnt.