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averil macdonald, the chair of shale gas lobby group onshore oil and gas, recently made some highly controversial statements about how she believes gender impacts a feelings about. during an interview with the times of london, macdonald argued that men are generally more in favor of controversial drilling technique used to mine shale influenced by an “awful lot of facts.” macdonald may not be wrong that gender plays a role in how is viewed; a university of nottingham survey found recently that, out of a pool of approximately participants, women were less likely to approve of than men or to correctly identify shale gas as the fossil fuel produced by the process. a board member of women in science and engineering, an organization dedicated to encouraging women to enter stem fields, macdonald says that judgement is clouded by our emotions and dedication to family. speaking to the times, she argued that women compensate for their lack of formal scientific education by instead trusting their “gut reaction”: frequently the women had very much in the way of a science education because they may well have dropped science at 16. that is just a fact. women do tend not to have continued with science. not only do [they] show more of a concern about, they also know that they know and they understand. they are concerned because they want to be taking [something] on trust. and actually entirely reasonable. but women, for whatever reason, have not been persuaded by the facts. more facts are not going to make any difference. what we have got to do is understand the gut reaction, the feel. the dialogue is more important than the dissemination of facts. women are always concerned about threats to their family more than men. we are naturally protective of our children. i would similarly be concerned but i read the literature and i feel comfortable that i understand. what i hope is that i can make the women who are concerned comfortable that the myths they are worried about are myths. macdonald went on to say that more high-level female executives are needed in the shale industry, and that the ten executives who interviewed her for her current position were all men. according to the telegraph, currently spearheading a campaign to convince women of the benefits of. (via the independent) —please make note of the mary general comment policy.— do you follow the mary sue on twitter, facebook, tumblr, pinterest, & google +?

ˈeɪvərɪl məkˈdɑnəld, ðə ʧɛr əv ʃeɪl gæs ˈlɑbi grup ˈɑnˌʃɔr ɔɪl ənd gæs, ˈrisəntli meɪd səm ˈhaɪli ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈsteɪtmənts əˈbaʊt haʊ ʃi bɪˈlivz ˈʤɛndər ˌɪmˈpækts ə ˈfilɪŋz əˈbaʊt. ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ðə taɪmz əv ˈləndən, məkˈdɑnəld ˈɑrgjud ðət mɛn ər ˈʤɛnərəli mɔr ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈdrɪlɪŋ tɛkˈnik juzd tɪ maɪn ʃeɪl ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ən lɔt əv facts.”*.” məkˈdɑnəld meɪ nɑt bi rɔŋ ðət ˈʤɛndər pleɪz ə roʊl ɪn haʊ ɪz vjud; ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈnɑtɪŋˌhæm ˈsərˌveɪ faʊnd ˈrisəntli ðət, aʊt əv ə pul əv əˈprɑksəmətli pɑrˈtɪsəpənts, ˈwɪmən wər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ əˈpruv əv ðən mɛn ər tɪ kərˈɛktli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ʃeɪl gæs ɛz ðə ˈfɑsəl fjuəl prəˈdust baɪ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. ə bɔrd ˈmɛmbər əv ˈwɪmən ɪn saɪəns ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, ən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˈwɪmən tɪ ˈɛnər stɛm fildz, məkˈdɑnəld sɪz ðət ˈʤəʤmənt ɪz ˈklaʊdɪd baɪ ɑr ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz ənd ˌdɛdəˈkeɪʃən tɪ ˈfæməli. ˈspikɪŋ tɪ ðə taɪmz, ʃi ˈɑrgjud ðət ˈwɪmən ˈkɑmpənˌseɪt fər ðɛr læk əv ˈfɔrməl ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən baɪ ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈtrəstɪŋ ðɛr reaction”*”: ˈfrikwɛntli ðə ˈwɪmən hæd ˈvɛri məʧ ɪn ðə weɪ əv ə saɪəns ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən bɪˈkəz ðeɪ meɪ wɛl hæv drɑpt saɪəns æt 16 ðət ɪz ʤɪst ə fækt. ˈwɪmən du tɛnd nɑt tɪ hæv kənˈtɪnjud wɪθ saɪəns. nɑt ˈoʊnli du [ðeɪ] ʃoʊ mɔr əv ə kənˈsərn əˈbaʊt, ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ noʊ ðət ðeɪ noʊ ənd ðeɪ ˌəndərˈstænd. ðeɪ ər kənˈsərnd bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ bi ˈteɪkɪŋ [ˈsəmθɪŋ] ɔn trəst. ənd ˈæˌkʧuəli ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈrizənəbəl. bət ˈwɪmən, fər ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈrizən, hæv nɑt bɪn pərsˈweɪdɪd baɪ ðə fækts. mɔr fækts ər nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ meɪk ˈɛni ˈdɪfərəns. wət wi hæv gɑt tɪ du ɪz ˌəndərˈstænd ðə gət riˈækʃən, ðə fil. ðə ˈdaɪəˌlɔg ɪz mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðən ðə dɪˌsɛməˈneɪʃən əv fækts. ˈwɪmən ər ˈɔlˌweɪz kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt θrɛts tɪ ðɛr ˈfæməli mɔr ðən mɛn. wi ər ˈnæʧərəli prəˈtɛktɪv əv ɑr ˈʧɪldrən. aɪ wʊd ˈsɪmələrli bi kənˈsərnd bət aɪ rɛd ðə ˈlɪtərəʧər ənd aɪ fil ˈkəmfərtəbəl ðət aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd. wət aɪ hoʊp ɪz ðət aɪ kən meɪk ðə ˈwɪmən hu ər kənˈsərnd ˈkəmfərtəbəl ðət ðə mɪθs ðeɪ ər ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ər mɪθs. məkˈdɑnəld wɛnt ɔn tɪ seɪ ðət mɔr ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl ˈfiˌmeɪl ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz ər ˈnidɪd ɪn ðə ʃeɪl ˈɪndəstri, ənd ðət ðə tɛn ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz hu ˈɪntərvˌjud hər fər hər ˈkɑrənt pəˈzɪʃən wər ɔl mɛn. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈtɛləˌgræf, ˈkərəntli ˈspɪˌrhɛdɪŋ ə kæmˈpeɪn tɪ kənˈvɪns ˈwɪmən əv ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv. (ˈviə ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt) meɪk noʊt əv ðə ˈmɛri ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkɑmɛnt policy.—*.— du ju ˈfɑloʊ ðə ˈmɛri su ɔn tˈwɪtər, ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, ˈtəmblər, pinterest*, ˈgugəl

it’s presidential election season, so obligatory for all candidates to talk about jobs. you have already heard a lot about jobs being lost to china and mexico (a strong concern of donald trump), jobs being outsourced to countries or moved to tax havens (so-called “tax inversions” are a hillary clinton bugaboo), or jobs eliminated because of or high minimum wages (a favorite ted cruz line). you hear many of the points below, however, either because they are too positive, too subtle to capture in a sound bite, or too long-term to worry about now. but if you want the truth about american jobs, you may want to keep reading rather than tuning into a presidential debate or stump speech. times are good it’s hardly a bad time for jobs unemployment is at the lowest rate since 2008, and applications for unemployment insurance were at the lowest level since 1973. you hear that from the republican candidates, of news is much too sanguine. if a problem, it is with low labor force participation, which has dropped several percentage points over the last decade. as testimony before a joint economic committee suggests, there are a variety of reasons for this, although an aging population is clearly part of the issue. the lack of middle class jobs growing inequality is another big hallmark of bernie sanders’ campaign, and an issue that is occasionally even mentioned by republican candidates. an overall lack of jobs is less of a problem for our economy, however, than the shortage of, middle class jobs. many of the new jobs in the us over the last decade or two have been service jobs—feeding, selling to, and taking care of our fellow americans. these jobs generally produce a lot of revenue or grow much in productivity, so difficult for businesses to pay high wages to workers who perform them. and that situation going to change much no matter who is president. as a new york times article points out, our economy is a service economy, and been going in that direction for several decades now. free trade the problem there is little doubt that some of our manufacturing jobs have gone to places like mexico and china. but recent trade deals the problem, capitalism is. for several centuries now, manufacturing has moved to places where done most cheaply and effectively. and for most industries, that place been the u.s. for a while. donald bluster notwithstanding, it seems highly unlikely that any president could change this much. as a society we generally like to tell businesspeople where they can produce stuff, and we like paying high tariffs for stuff made elsewhere. corporate moves to countries do some damage to our tax base, but they tend to involve many jobs. automation is good ironically, our best hope for bringing manufacturing jobs home is automation. also ironically, the same is true for outsourced service jobs. since the u.s. is one of the leaders in automation technologies, got some chance of bringing jobs home if we have the best automation capabilities and the people who are best at working with automation technologies. in factories, this means technologists who can install, maintain, and optimize robots, cad/cam, and flexible manufacturing cells. in services, it means working with tools like robotic process automation and cognitive technologies that can do work previously outsourced to countries. whether in factories or offices, all those automation machines need people to configure, install, and tend them. because most of the actual work is done by machines, there be huge numbers of jobs that will come home this way, but there will be some. information technology is a drag information technology eliminated a lot of jobs, but it is keeping some from growing. take bank tellers, for example. contrary to what president obama said in a 2014 interview, automated teller machines led to many fewer jobs in that field. mr. obama may not run into them when he needs cash, but the number of bank tellers in the u.s. has remained pretty constant since 1980, when really took off. of course, the u.s. has grown a lot in population since 1980, but the number of tellers. the bureau of labor statistics estimates that the number of tellers will decline about 8% over the next a precipitous decline, but certainly not a growth occupation either. the service sector slowdown in the future, many service jobs are going to stop not of technology. there are already some pretty capable technologies that automate truck and taxi driving, hamburger ordering and preparation, lawn mowing, and so forth. get better and cheaper over time. human workers will get more expensive. if i were in one of these fields, learn how to sell, install, or fix these machines. professionals should be wary the same is true for many professional jobs. there are already smart machines that can do some of the key tasks of lawyers, doctors, marketers, journalists, and even scientists. not all of the incumbents of these knowledge work roles will lose their jobs, but some will. if you want to be one of the losers, again, your best bet is to make sure you know how to work alongside these machines and add value to them. the lessons from all this are pretty clear. if voting for your preferred candidate because you believe they can reverse the economic trends of the last several decades, you might want to reconsider your choice or your reason for it. you may also want to think about whether you want your candidate to bring about more jobs or less inequality. the policies that lead to these objectives are different (though they are both quite difficult to achieve), and candidates tend to emphasize one or the other. whether you prefer lower unemployment or higher incomes, helping americans get more college degrees is still a good idea, although it probably be the boon that been in the past. and if you want to be assured of a job over the next few decades, learn how to work closely with smart machines and to do something they can’t. thomas h. davenport is a distinguished professor at babson college and a fellow of the mit initiative on the digital. with julia kirby, he is the author of only humans need apply: winners and losers in the age of smart machines (harper business, 2016).

it’s* ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈsizən, soʊ əˈblɪgəˌtɔri fər ɔl ˈkænədɪts tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ʤɑbz. ju hæv ɔˈrɛdi hərd ə lɔt əˈbaʊt ʤɑbz biɪŋ lɔst tɪ ˈʧaɪnə ənd ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ (ə strɔŋ kənˈsərn əv ˈdɑnəld trəmp), ʤɑbz biɪŋ ˌaʊtˈsɔrst tɪ ˈkəntriz ər muvd tɪ tæks ˈheɪvənz (ˈsoʊˈkɔld inversions”*” ər ə ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ˈbəgəˌbu), ər ʤɑbz ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪd bɪˈkəz əv ər haɪ ˈmɪnəməm ˈweɪʤɪz (ə ˈfeɪvərɪt tɛd kruz laɪn). ju hir ˈmɛni əv ðə pɔɪnts bɪˈloʊ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈiðər bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər tu ˈpɑzətɪv, tu ˈsətəl tɪ ˈkæpʧər ɪn ə saʊnd baɪt, ər tu ˈlɔŋˈtərm tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt naʊ. bət ɪf ju wɔnt ðə truθ əˈbaʊt əˈmɛrɪkən ʤɑbz, ju meɪ wɔnt tɪ kip ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈrəðər ðən ˈtunɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl dəˈbeɪt ər stəmp spiʧ. taɪmz ər gʊd ˈhɑrdli ə bæd taɪm fər ʤɑbz ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ɪz æt ðə loʊəst reɪt sɪns 2008 ənd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns wər æt ðə loʊəst ˈlɛvəl sɪns 1973 ju hir ðət frəm ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkænədɪts, əv nuz ɪz məʧ tu ˈsæŋgwɪn. ɪf ə ˈprɑbləm, ɪt ɪz wɪθ loʊ ˈleɪbər fɔrs pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən, wɪʧ həz drɑpt ˈsɛvərəl pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈdɛkeɪd. ɛz ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni ˌbiˈfɔr ə ʤɔɪnt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk kəˈmɪti səˈʤɛsts, ðɛr ər ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈrizənz fər ðɪs, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ən ˈeɪʤɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪz ˈklɪrli pɑrt əv ðə ˈɪʃu. ðə læk əv ˈmɪdəl klæs ʤɑbz groʊɪŋ ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ɪz əˈnəðər bɪg ˈhɑlˌmɑrk əv ˈbərni sanders’*’ kæmˈpeɪn, ənd ən ˈɪʃu ðət ɪz ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli ˈivɪn ˈmɛnʃənd baɪ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkænədɪts. ən ˈoʊvərˌɔl læk əv ʤɑbz ɪz lɛs əv ə ˈprɑbləm fər ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðən ðə ˈʃɔrtɪʤ əv, ˈmɪdəl klæs ʤɑbz. ˈmɛni əv ðə nu ʤɑbz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈdɛkeɪd ər tu hæv bɪn ˈsərvɪs jobs—feeding*, ˈsɛlɪŋ tɪ, ənd ˈteɪkɪŋ kɛr əv ɑr ˈfɛloʊ əˈmɛrɪkənz. ðiz ʤɑbz ˈʤɛnərəli ˈproʊdus ə lɔt əv ˈrɛvəˌnu ər groʊ məʧ ɪn ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti, soʊ ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ˈbɪznɪsɪz tɪ peɪ haɪ ˈweɪʤɪz tɪ ˈwərkərz hu pərˈfɔrm ðɛm. ənd ðət ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən goʊɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ məʧ noʊ ˈmætər hu ɪz ˈprɛzɪdənt. ɛz ə nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈɑrtɪkəl pɔɪnts aʊt, ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz ə ˈsərvɪs ɪˈkɑnəmi, ənd bɪn goʊɪŋ ɪn ðət dɪˈrɛkʃɪn fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈdɛkeɪdz naʊ. fri treɪd ðə ˈprɑbləm ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl daʊt ðət səm əv ɑr ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ʤɑbz hæv gɔn tɪ ˈpleɪsɪz laɪk ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ənd ˈʧaɪnə. bət ˈrisənt treɪd dilz ðə ˈprɑbləm, ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ɪz. fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈsɛnʧəriz naʊ, ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ həz muvd tɪ ˈpleɪsɪz wɛr dən moʊst ˈʧipli ənd ˈifɛktɪvli. ənd fər moʊst ˈɪndəstriz, ðət pleɪs bɪn ðə juz. fər ə waɪl. ˈdɑnəld ˈbləstər ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ, ɪt simz ˈhaɪli ənˈlaɪkli ðət ˈɛni ˈprɛzɪdənt kʊd ʧeɪnʤ ðɪs məʧ. ɛz ə soʊˈsaɪɪti wi ˈʤɛnərəli laɪk tɪ tɛl ˈbɪznəˈspipəl wɛr ðeɪ kən ˈproʊdus stəf, ənd wi laɪk peɪɪŋ haɪ ˈtɛrəfs fər stəf meɪd ˈɛlsˌwɛr. ˈkɔrpərət muvz tɪ ˈkəntriz du səm ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ɑr tæks beɪs, bət ðeɪ tɛnd tɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈmɛni ʤɑbz. ɔtəˈmeɪʃən ɪz gʊd aɪˈrɑnɪkli, ɑr bɛst hoʊp fər ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ʤɑbz hoʊm ɪz ɔtəˈmeɪʃən. ˈɔlsoʊ aɪˈrɑnɪkli, ðə seɪm ɪz tru fər ˌaʊtˈsɔrst ˈsərvɪs ʤɑbz. sɪns ðə juz. ɪz wən əv ðə ˈlidərz ɪn ɔtəˈmeɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤiz, gɑt səm ʧæns əv ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ʤɑbz hoʊm ɪf wi hæv ðə bɛst ɔtəˈmeɪʃən ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz ənd ðə ˈpipəl hu ər bɛst æt ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ɔtəˈmeɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤiz. ɪn ˈfæktəriz, ðɪs minz ˌtɛkˈnɑləʤɪsts hu kən ˌɪnˈstɔl, meɪnˈteɪn, ənd ˈɑptɪˌmaɪz ˈroʊˌbəts, cad/cam*, ənd ˈflɛksəbəl ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ sɛlz. ɪn ˈsərvɪsɪz, ɪt minz ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ tulz laɪk ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk ˈprɔˌsɛs ɔtəˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈkɑgnɪtɪv tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ðət kən du wərk ˈpriviəsli ˌaʊtˈsɔrst tɪ ˈkəntriz. ˈwɛðər ɪn ˈfæktəriz ər ˈɔfəsɪz, ɔl ðoʊz ɔtəˈmeɪʃən məˈʃinz nid ˈpipəl tɪ kənˈfɪgjər, ˌɪnˈstɔl, ənd tɛnd ðɛm. bɪˈkəz moʊst əv ðə ˈækʧəwəl wərk ɪz dən baɪ məˈʃinz, ðɛr bi juʤ ˈnəmbərz əv ʤɑbz ðət wɪl kəm hoʊm ðɪs weɪ, bət ðɛr wɪl bi səm. ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz ə dræg ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪd ə lɔt əv ʤɑbz, bət ɪt ɪz ˈkipɪŋ səm frəm groʊɪŋ. teɪk bæŋk ˈtɛlərz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ wət ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə sɛd ɪn ə 2014 ˈɪntərvˌju, ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd ˈtɛlər məˈʃinz lɛd tɪ ˈmɛni fjuər ʤɑbz ɪn ðət fild. ˈmɪstər. ˌoʊˈbɑmə meɪ nɑt rən ˈɪntu ðɛm wɪn hi nidz kæʃ, bət ðə ˈnəmbər əv bæŋk ˈtɛlərz ɪn ðə juz. həz rɪˈmeɪnd ˈprɪti ˈkɑnstənt sɪns 1980 wɪn ˈrɪli tʊk ɔf. əv kɔrs, ðə juz. həz groʊn ə lɔt ɪn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən sɪns 1980 bət ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈtɛlərz. ðə ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˈleɪbər stəˈtɪstɪks ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈtɛlərz wɪl dɪˈklaɪn əˈbaʊt 8 ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst ə prɪˈsɪpɪtəs dɪˈklaɪn, bət ˈsərtənli nɑt ə groʊθ ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən ˈiðər. ðə ˈsərvɪs ˈsɛktər sˈloʊˌdaʊn ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər, ˈmɛni ˈsərvɪs ʤɑbz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ stɑp nɑt əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi. ðɛr ər ɔˈrɛdi səm ˈprɪti ˈkeɪpəbəl tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ðət ˈɔtəˌmeɪt trək ənd ˈtæksi ˈdraɪvɪŋ, ˈhæmbərgər ˈɔrdərɪŋ ənd ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən, lɔn maʊɪŋ, ənd soʊ fɔrθ. gɪt ˈbɛtər ənd ˈʧipər ˈoʊvər taɪm. ˈjumən ˈwərkərz wɪl gɪt mɔr ɪkˈspɛnsɪv. ɪf aɪ wər ɪn wən əv ðiz fildz, lərn haʊ tɪ sɛl, ˌɪnˈstɔl, ər fɪks ðiz məˈʃinz. prəˈfɛʃənəlz ʃʊd bi ˈwɛri ðə seɪm ɪz tru fər ˈmɛni prəˈfɛʃənəl ʤɑbz. ðɛr ər ɔˈrɛdi smɑrt məˈʃinz ðət kən du səm əv ðə ki tæsks əv ˈlɔjərz, ˈdɑktərz, ˌmɑrkətərz, ˈʤərnəlɪsts, ənd ˈivɪn ˈsaɪəntɪsts. nɑt ɔl əv ðə ˌɪnˈkəmbənts əv ðiz ˈnɑlɪʤ wərk roʊlz wɪl luz ðɛr ʤɑbz, bət səm wɪl. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ bi wən əv ðə ˈluzərz, əˈgɛn, jʊr bɛst bɛt ɪz tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ju noʊ haʊ tɪ wərk əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðiz məˈʃinz ənd æd ˈvælju tɪ ðɛm. ðə ˈlɛsənz frəm ɔl ðɪs ər ˈprɪti klɪr. ɪf ˈvoʊtɪŋ fər jʊr prɪˈfərd ˈkænədɪt bɪˈkəz ju bɪˈliv ðeɪ kən rɪˈvərs ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk trɛnz əv ðə læst ˈsɛvərəl ˈdɛkeɪdz, ju maɪt wɔnt tɪ ˌrikənˈsɪdər jʊr ʧɔɪs ər jʊr ˈrizən fər ɪt. ju meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ wɔnt tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ju wɔnt jʊr ˈkænədɪt tɪ brɪŋ əˈbaʊt mɔr ʤɑbz ər lɛs ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti. ðə ˈpɑləsiz ðət lɛd tɪ ðiz əˈbʤɛktɪvz ər ˈdɪfərənt (ðoʊ ðeɪ ər boʊθ kwaɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ əˈʧiv), ənd ˈkænədɪts tɛnd tɪ ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz wən ər ðə ˈəðər. ˈwɛðər ju prɪˈfər loʊər ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ər haɪər ˈɪnˌkəmz, ˈhɛlpɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkənz gɪt mɔr ˈkɑlɪʤ dɪˈgriz ɪz stɪl ə gʊd aɪˈdiə, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ðə bun ðət bɪn ɪn ðə pæst. ənd ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ bi əˈʃʊrd əv ə ʤɑb ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst fju ˈdɛkeɪdz, lərn haʊ tɪ wərk ˈkloʊsli wɪθ smɑrt məˈʃinz ənd tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ ðeɪ can’t*. ˈtɑməs eɪʧ. ˈdævənˌpɔrt ɪz ə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt prəˈfɛsər æt ˈbæbsən ˈkɑlɪʤ ənd ə ˈfɛloʊ əv ðə ˈɛˈmaɪˈti ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ɔn ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl. wɪθ ˈʤuljə ˈkərbi, hi ɪz ðə ˈɔθər əv ˈoʊnli ˈjumənz nid əˈplaɪ: ˈwɪnərz ənd ˈluzərz ɪn ðə eɪʤ əv smɑrt məˈʃinz (ˈhɑrpər ˈbɪznɪs, 2016

i didn't think i would be writing about this, but, then again, i seem to say that fairly frequently. be that as it may, on friday i wrote about a letter sent to lee goldman, md, the dean of the faculties of health sciences and medicine at columbia university complaining about dr. mehmetomotion of pseudoscience on his television show, which reaches millions. when i wrote my post, my first reaction was somewhat supportive, but with reservations. however, as i read your comments and thought about it some more, i started having second thoughts. then, over the weekend, i had a ratherolonged exchange on twitter during breaks in the action at the american association for cancer research (aacr) meeting in philadelphia, which i'm attending now. the more i thought about it, the more i became convinced that this letter, written by dr. henry i. miller of the hoover institution, and signed by several doctors with ties to the american council on science and health (acsh), was an incredibly bad idea. this evolution in my thinking was helped along by other developments over the weekend. i'll explain. i also might regret having continued my commentary, but, then, when did that ever stop me before? (actually, you'll never know when, if, or how many times that's ever happened.) in my post, i also described my discomfort with dr. miller and the signatories of his letter. for instance, the hoover institution isn't exactly known for itsomotion of good science, given its history of with respect to global climate change. then, of course, i'm not exactly a big fan of, either. it's frequently on the right side of science, but seemingly only when that position aligns with industry positions. it's the reason why i didn't accept an offer to be on the board of scientific advisors of a few years ago. before i go on further, in the interests of full disclosure, i must confess my own issues with the approach dr. miller and his took. as many of you know, there have been several attempts by quacks and over the years to make trouble for me at my place of work. not too long ago, a patient of stanislaw burzynski complained to my dean about my posts her testimonial that she has been telling as "evidence" that burzynski cured her of advanced breast cancer. as odd as it seems given how vociferously critical i have been of dr.omotion of quackery on his tv show (remember, i'm the one who coined the term "america's quack" to describe him), i must admit that seeing miller make trouble for oz at his job over his extracurricular activities rubbed me the wrong way. true, i suppressed my distaste when i wrote my post last friday, so powerful is my dislike for dr. oz and what he does on his tv show. but it didn't stay suppressed for very long. it has been argued that with oz it's different, because ozomotes quackery while iomote (or at least like to think iomote) good science and medicine, but even if that's true i can't help but remember that a key purpose of a letter to a person's employer is intimidation into silence or, in case given his popularity and the security of his position, to cause embarrassment and toovoke a response. now here's theoblem. regardless of whether i think it's a good idea or not or simply an attempt at bullying to write a letter like this, and even though miller's letter was correct from a scientific standpoint about dr. oz, if you're going to write a letter like this it's generally a good idea to know what your goal is in doing so. what, exactly, is it you're trying to accomplish by writing a letter like this? is it to get dr. oz fired? that's never going to happen, given that dr. oz has tenure and, unfortunately, it would take a hell of a lot before a university would try to remove a tenuredofessor. indeed, as i've sarcastically mentioned, given that dr. oz is the director of the medicine"ogram at columbia,omoting the "integration" quackery with medicine is basically a big part of his job description! in a real world, that wouldn't be the case and what oz does would be aoblem, but, thanks to quackademia, it's no longer shameful to do that; whole divisions and departments in various academic medical centers are devoted to it. oh, sure, like oz wouldn't accept that characterization of what they do as valid, but i would counter that, other than featuring psychics like john edward or theresa caputo on his show, what oz does on his show is not really much different in terms of message than what heobably at columbia:omote acupuncture, naturopathy, homeopathy, and traditional chinese medicine, among other things. again, surely dr. miller must know this. so i assume that his goal was not to actually get dr. oz fired. indeed, columbia issued a statement supporting oz on the grounds of academic freedom very rapidly, and, even in the unlikely event that columbia were to fire dr. oz over his show, it would remove one of the likely strongest restraints that keeps dr. oz from going even deeper into the woo. so what was dr. miller's goal? obviously, it was to create embarrassing publicity for dr. oz and columbia university. after all, if dr. miller were really looking to causeoblems for dr. oz he should have at least mentioned that dr. oz did a "made for tv" clinical trial he dubbed the "green coffee beanoject" without bothering to obtain institutional review board (irb) approval, something that is a direct violation of columbia university and new yorkesbyterian hospital's (nyp) human subject researchotectionogram, which explicitly requires approval for any clinical trial done by any columbia university faculty member and faculty regardless of regardless of the location where the research is done. now, as i pointed out, there is a slight gray area here, because clearly dubious green coffee bean clinical trial was not federally funded, but institutions that receive federal funding are required to abide by the common rule, which requires approval of all human subjects research. miller was either unaware of this issue, didn't realize that this was really the only "in" skeptics have to get columbia to pay attention, or didn't care about it because what he really cares about is attack on. mentioning that oz conducted a dubious clinical trial for tv that was not approved by the would have been a far more damning thing to mention with respect to possibly forcing columbia to do more than issue a brief statement full of bromides about "academic freedom" than his pointed mention that dr. oz trashed on one of his shows. in any case, as as miller and the acted, they did managed to get a fair amount of nationaless coverage, and the is virtually giddy over theess reaction: although, for years, oz has been criticized in countless blogs and opinion pieces, which have appeared on a wide variety of websites, this is the first time that a coordinated effort to expose oz for who he really is has generated a massive and unified response. it also puts columbia university in the position where they have to either take action or defend their actions, or lack thereof.’s dr. josh bloom, a long time, vocal critic of dr. oz said, “every once in while the right thing happens. this is one of those times. the line between ‘doctor’ oz and ‘tv personality’ oz has been blurred for a long time, leading many to equate the two, and, in doing so perpetuating the ‘fame equals credibility’ myth. dr. letter has done much to dismantle this myth. it is well past the time that people finally learn the difference between real medicine and entertainment.” um. no. dr. miller's letter created a momentaryess kerfuffle that is fading. one little letter to dr. dean is not going to "dismantle" the myth that "fame equals credibility." to claim otherwise is the height of hubris. in fact, if there was a recent event that did more to tarnish the dr. oz brand, it was senator claire magnificent roasting of dr. oz in front of her senate panel over his breathlessomotion of various dietary supplements as the latest, greatest weight loss miracle ever. then, late last year, the british medical journal published a study that showed that half of what oz recommends on his show has either no or little evidence to support it. indeed, if you want to see how far dr. star has fallen, just witness what happened last november, when dr. social media team asked twitter to ask him questions under the hashtag and twitter went wild mocking him for hisomotion of quackery. in fact, part of the reason i've come to conclude that dr. miller's letter was a spectacularly bad idea is that it appears ready to backfire on him. that's because one thing miller accomplished without a doubt is to piss off dr. oz. (no doubt that was intended.) don't get me wrong. i'm all for pissing off dr. oz over the tv snake oil peddler he's become, but, i wonder, did miller stop to think what the consequences might be if he actually succeeded in publicly embarrassing dr. oz in the national media without a clear idea of what his endgame would be? i don't think so, and dr. oz is in theocess of responding. first, dr. oz released this statement on facebook: i bring the public information that will help them on their path to be their best selves. weovide multiple points of view, including mine which is offered without conflict of interest. that doesn't sit well with certain agendas which distort the facts. for example, i do not claim that foods are dangerous, but believe that they should be labeled like they are in most countries around the world. i will address this on the show next week. basically, you can see where this is going. dr. miller is a huge booster of, having served as the founding director of the office of biotechnology, and you can bet that it didn't pass unnoticed that whatovoked miller to write his letter was not so much dr.omotion of quackery but rather a specific fear mongering segment on the dr. oz show about, in particular the apple. not suprisingly, in his response, dr. oz is painting himself as not being but only "pro-information." what will oz say in his show next week? i think there's a good hint in the insinuations in his brief statement above. while dr. oz is, for the moment,edictably taking the high road, his admirers and fellow travelers, equallyedictably, were not.edictably, they were attacking miller and his as industry. the crazy version of this shill gambit comes adams, in a pair of posts, entitled vicious attack on dr. oz actually waged by biotech mafia; plot to destroy oz launched after episode on toxicity went viral and mainstream media fail: doctors attacking doctor oz have histories of criminal fraud and ties to monsanto's "discredit bureau". indeed, if you want to see a textbook example of an ad hominem attack, look no further than to adams' repeating allegations against john that he physically abused his wife, which, even if true (and i haven't been able to find any source other than mike adams to back up this claim, although the court documents look authentic), has nothing whatsoever to do with whether or not his arguments about are correct from a scientific standpoint. mike adams was, as far as i could tell, first out of the gate with the shill argument, and, mikey being mikey, he turned the crazy up to 11. however, there are people who are much more in control of their impulses and whose business model doesn't depend on being as incredibly outrageous and incendiary in his rhetoric as does. for instance: it is important for physicians who invoke their medical degrees while endorsingoducts to make their allegiances and financial ties very transparent and dr. oz deserves to be held to this standard. but by that standard, dr. miller and other “distinguished physicians” on this letter also have some explaining to do. miller, whose employer, the hoover institution, is often described as a “republican-leaning” or “conservative” think tank, has interests of his own. a molecular biologist by training, miller spent 15 years at the before his fellowship at hoover; throughout both jobs, he has been a consistent and ardentomoter of genetically engineered foods (or the “o” standing for “organism”). and in his advocacy, miller is positivelyolific. a quick web search reveals dozens upon dozens of articles and opinion columns touting the benefits of to consumers, developing economies and agribusiness and a seemingly equal number attacking those that warn about the possible risks of what are sometimes called “frankenfoods.” miller was a leading voice in opposition toop. 37, the 2012 ballot initiative seeking clear labeling ofoducts containing, and, in the 1990s, was an equallyominent voice in a tobacco campaign to discredit the science linking cigarette use and cancer. you get the idea. the same meme is showing up in even mainstream media accounts. for instance, in this segment bob arnott, former nbc chief medical correspondent echoes the very same "shill" argument, saying that all ten signatories have "industry ties" and that the industry is "furious that he's [dr. oz] has taken on genetically modified crops" and described the letter signatories as "industry henchmen who are after dr. oz." he even mentioned that the current actingesident of the, gilbert ross, spent time inison for medicaid fraud. heck, arnot even accused and miller of astroturfing. true, he does say that dr. oz peddles misinformation that would be like a "brian williams scandal" if it were on network tv and unfavorably compares dr. oz with sanjay gupta on cnn, but his attack on miller and company is devastating. and, yes, this is the way that dr. oz is going to go, as shown in this story on cnn money (appropriately enough). dr. oz is planning to devote a full episode,obably thursday's, to a response to the accusations of quackery. in other words, he's taking advantage of the letter to gin up his ratings, and his attacks will resemble, no doubt, a toned down version of mike adams' attacks. no, he won't mention domestic violence, but you can bet that he'll mention dr. ross' conviction for medicaid fraud and dr. miller's past advocacy. you'll be amused at the rationale: the special episode "is the last thing we want to do," a person associated with the show said on sunday. but oz and his representatives have concluded that it is necessary because of the "intimidation" they perceive from the doctors. nonsense. dr.oducers see a chance to take advantage of the publicity and to strike back at the same time. dr. miller threw his best punch, and now dr. oz is going to punch back: oz won't just read the statement he issued last friday. instead, he'll devote the majority of the episode to his response. "we plan to show america who these authors are, because discussion of health topics should be free of intimidation," a spokesman for the show said. the details, including the thursday air date, are subject to change. the episode will be taped on tuesday or wednesday. can miller take what oz dishes out?obably. does it matter?obably not. is miller's message about dr.omotion of quackery and pseudoscience going to get lost in the counterattack that will paint him and his as industry seeking revenge on dr. oz for having questioned whether are safe? almost certainly. in fact, i'll go even further and suggest that miller's letter, after the initial embarrassment it caused dr. oz, isobably now seen by him and hisoducers as a godsend that gives them theetext to counterattack and to tar all the just dr. miller and company, but other bloggers, me, and all the rest of us who have been criticizing dr. oz for the last five years over hisomotion of quackery and being industry of some kind and to make it stick in the public mind. i'm sure he'll find a way to go after julia over at as well, given that her excellent article on the making of dr. oz as a quack (my interpretation) was published the same week as miller's letter. that's the narrative dr. miller has handed to dr. oz on a silver platter. i tend to be a bit conservative in myeferred tactics taking on pseudoscience like thatomoted by dr. oz, tending toefer countering his misinformation and supporting activities like ben careful documentation of patients who have been harmed by dr. medical advice. more recently, ben has been working to persuade the to issue a public statement that "reiterates the importance of evidence and transparency to theofession" while asking the "to craft guidelines on how doctors can ethically use the media to help the public" and "to issue a report on what disciplinary pathways might be available for doctors who continue to spread bogus medical information in the media." i'm not opposed to splashy moves in general. i just think that they should be smart and thought through, with a definite goal in mind other than stirring up trouble. dr. miller's little publicity stunt failed this test on every level, and, worse, could wind up backfiring spectacularly, leaving the rest of us who care about all the quackery dr. oz spreads, not just his fear mongering about, to deal with the consequences.

aɪ ˈdɪdənt θɪŋk aɪ wʊd bi ˈraɪtɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs, bət, ðɛn əˈgɛn, aɪ sim tɪ seɪ ðət ˈfɛrli ˈfrikwɛntli. bi ðət ɛz ɪt meɪ, ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ aɪ roʊt əˈbaʊt ə ˈlɛtər sɛnt tɪ li ˈgoʊldmən, md*, ðə din əv ðə ˈfækəltiz əv hɛlθ ˈsaɪənsɪz ənd ˈmɛdəsən æt kəˈləmbiə ˌjunəˈvərsəti kəmˈpleɪnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈdɑktər. ˈmɛmət pərˈmoʊʃən əv ˌsudoʊˈsaɪəns ɔn hɪz ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ʃoʊ, wɪʧ ˈriʧɪz ˈmɪljənz. wɪn aɪ roʊt maɪ poʊst, maɪ fərst riˈækʃən wɑz ˈsəmˈwət səˈpɔrtɪv, bət wɪθ ˌrɛzərˈveɪʃənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɛz aɪ rɛd jʊr ˈkɑmɛnts ənd θɔt əˈbaʊt ɪt səm mɔr, aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈhævɪŋ ˈsɛkənd θɔts. ðɛn, ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd, aɪ hæd ə ˈrəðər prəˈlɔŋd ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ɔn tˈwɪtər ˈdʊrɪŋ breɪks ɪn ðə ˈækʃən æt ðə əˈmɛrɪkən əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən fər ˈkænsər ˈrisərʧ (aacr*) ˈmitɪŋ ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə, wɪʧ əm əˈtɛndɪŋ naʊ. ðə mɔr aɪ θɔt əˈbaʊt ɪt, ðə mɔr aɪ bɪˈkeɪm kənˈvɪnst ðət ðɪs ˈlɛtər, ˈrɪtən baɪ ˈdɑktər. ˈhɛnri aɪ. ˈmɪlər əv ðə ˈhuvər ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, ənd saɪnd baɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈdɑktərz wɪθ taɪz tɪ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkaʊnsəl ɔn saɪəns ənd hɛlθ (acsh*), wɑz ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli bæd aɪˈdiə. ðɪs ˌɛvəˈluʃən ɪn maɪ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ wɑz hɛlpt əˈlɔŋ baɪ ˈəðər dɪˈvɛləpmənts ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd. aɪl ɪkˈspleɪn. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ maɪt rɪˈgrɛt ˈhævɪŋ kənˈtɪnjud maɪ ˈkɑmənˌtɛri, bət, ðɛn, wɪn dɪd ðət ˈɛvər stɑp mi ˌbiˈfɔr? (ˈæˌkʧuəli, jul ˈnɛvər noʊ wɪn, ɪf, ər haʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz ðæts ˈɛvər ˈhæpənd.) ɪn maɪ poʊst, aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈskraɪbd maɪ dɪˈskəmfərt wɪθ ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlər ənd ðə ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz əv hɪz ˈlɛtər. fər ˈɪnstəns, ðə ˈhuvər ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ˈɪzənt ɪgˈzæktli noʊn fər ɪts pərˈmoʊʃən əv gʊd saɪəns, ˈgɪvɪn ɪts ˈhɪstəri əv wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ˈgloʊbəl ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. ðɛn, əv kɔrs, əm nɑt ɪgˈzæktli ə bɪg fæn əv, ˈiðər. ɪts ˈfrikwɛntli ɔn ðə raɪt saɪd əv saɪəns, bət ˈsimɪŋli ˈoʊnli wɪn ðət pəˈzɪʃən əˈlaɪnz wɪθ ˈɪndəstri pəˈzɪʃənz. ɪts ðə ˈrizən waɪ aɪ ˈdɪdənt əkˈsɛpt ən ˈɔfər tɪ bi ɔn ðə bɔrd əv ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ædˈvaɪzərz əv ə fju jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ goʊ ɔn ˈfərðər, ɪn ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv fʊl dɪˈskloʊʒər, aɪ məst kənˈfɛs maɪ oʊn ˈɪʃuz wɪθ ðə əˈproʊʧ ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlər ənd hɪz tʊk. ɛz ˈmɛni əv ju noʊ, ðɛr hæv bɪn ˈsɛvərəl əˈtɛmpts baɪ kwæks ənd ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz tɪ meɪk ˈtrəbəl fər mi æt maɪ pleɪs əv wərk. nɑt tu lɔŋ əˈgoʊ, ə ˈpeɪʃənt əv ˈstænɪsˌlɔ bərˈzɪnski kəmˈpleɪnd tɪ maɪ din əˈbaʊt maɪ poʊsts hər ˌtɛstɪˈmoʊniəl ðət ʃi həz bɪn ˈtɛlɪŋ ɛz "ˈɛvədəns" ðət bərˈzɪnski kjʊrd hər əv ədˈvænst brɛst ˈkænsər. ɛz ɑd ɛz ɪt simz ˈgɪvɪn haʊ vəˈsɪfərəsli ˈkrɪtɪkəl aɪ hæv bɪn əv ˈdɑktər. pərˈmoʊʃən əv kˈwækəri ɔn hɪz ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊ (rɪˈmɛmbər, əm ðə wən hu kɔɪnd ðə tərm "əˈmɛrɪkəz kwæk" tɪ dɪˈskraɪb ɪm), aɪ məst ədˈmɪt ðət siɪŋ ˈmɪlər meɪk ˈtrəbəl fər ɑz æt hɪz ʤɑb ˈoʊvər hɪz ˌɛkstrəkərˈɪkjələr ækˈtɪvɪtiz rəbd mi ðə rɔŋ weɪ. tru, aɪ səˈprɛst maɪ dɪˈsteɪst wɪn aɪ roʊt maɪ poʊst læst ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, soʊ ˈpaʊərfəl ɪz maɪ dɪsˈlaɪk fər ˈdɑktər. ɑz ənd wət hi dɪz ɔn hɪz ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊ. bət ɪt ˈdɪdənt steɪ səˈprɛst fər ˈvɛri lɔŋ. ɪt həz bɪn ˈɑrgjud ðət wɪθ ɑz ɪts ˈdɪfərənt, bɪˈkəz ɑz prəˈmoʊts kˈwækəri waɪl aɪ prəˈmoʊt (ər æt list laɪk tɪ θɪŋk aɪ prəˈmoʊt) gʊd saɪəns ənd ˈmɛdəsən, bət ˈivɪn ɪf ðæts tru aɪ kænt hɛlp bət rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ə ki ˈpərpəs əv ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ə ˈpərsənz ɪmˈplɔɪər ɪz ˌɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˈsaɪləns ər, ɪn keɪs ˈgɪvɪn hɪz ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti ənd ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti əv hɪz pəˈzɪʃən, tɪ kɔz ɪmˈbɛrəsmənt ənd tɪ prəˈvoʊk ə rɪˈspɑns. naʊ hɪrz ðə ˈprɑbləm. rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈwɛðər aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ə gʊd aɪˈdiə ər nɑt ər ˈsɪmpli ən əˈtɛmpt æt ˈbʊliɪŋ tɪ raɪt ə ˈlɛtər laɪk ðɪs, ənd ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈmɪlərz ˈlɛtər wɑz kərˈɛkt frəm ə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈstændˌpɔɪnt əˈbaʊt ˈdɑktər. ɑz, ɪf jʊr goʊɪŋ tɪ raɪt ə ˈlɛtər laɪk ðɪs ɪts ˈʤɛnərəli ə gʊd aɪˈdiə tɪ noʊ wət jʊr goʊl ɪz ɪn duɪŋ soʊ. wət, ɪgˈzæktli, ɪz ɪt jʊr traɪɪŋ tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ baɪ ˈraɪtɪŋ ə ˈlɛtər laɪk ðɪs? ɪz ɪt tɪ gɪt ˈdɑktər. ɑz faɪərd? ðæts ˈnɛvər goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ˈdɑktər. ɑz həz ˈtɛnjər ənd, ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ɪt wʊd teɪk ə hɛl əv ə lɔt ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti wʊd traɪ tɪ riˈmuv ə ˈtɛnjərd prəˈfɛsər. ˌɪnˈdid, ɛz aɪv sɑrˈkæstɪkli ˈmɛnʃənd, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ˈdɑktər. ɑz ɪz ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈmɛdəsən" ˈproʊˌgræm æt kəˈləmbiə, prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ðə "ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən" kˈwækəri wɪθ ˈmɛdəsən ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli ə bɪg pɑrt əv hɪz ʤɑb dɪˈskrɪpʃən! ɪn ə ril wərld, ðət ˈwʊdənt bi ðə keɪs ənd wət ɑz dɪz wʊd bi ə ˈprɑbləm, bət, θæŋks tɪ quackademia*, ɪts noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈʃeɪmfəl tɪ du ðət; hoʊl dɪˈvɪʒənz ənd dɪˈpɑrtmənts ɪn ˈvɛriəs ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsɛnərz ər dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ɪt. oʊ, ʃʊr, laɪk ɑz ˈwʊdənt əkˈsɛpt ðət ˌkɛrɪktərɪˈzeɪʃən əv wət ðeɪ du ɛz ˈvælɪd, bət aɪ wʊd ˈkaʊntər ðət, ˈəðər ðən ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈsaɪkɪks laɪk ʤɑn ˈɛdwərd ər tərˈisə kɑˈputoʊ ɔn hɪz ʃoʊ, wət ɑz dɪz ɔn hɪz ʃoʊ ɪz nɑt ˈrɪli məʧ ˈdɪfərənt ɪn tərmz əv ˈmɛsɪʤ ðən wət hi ˈprɑbəˌbli æt kəˈləmbiə: prəˈmoʊt ˈækjuˌpəŋkʧər, naturopathy*, ˌhoʊmioʊˈpæθi, ənd trəˈdɪʃənəl ʧaɪˈniz ˈmɛdəsən, əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz. əˈgɛn, ˈʃʊrli ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlər məst noʊ ðɪs. soʊ aɪ əˈsum ðət hɪz goʊl wɑz nɑt tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli gɪt ˈdɑktər. ɑz faɪərd. ˌɪnˈdid, kəˈləmbiə ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt səˈpɔrtɪŋ ɑz ɔn ðə graʊnz əv ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈfridəm ˈvɛri ˈræpədli, ənd, ˈivɪn ɪn ðə ənˈlaɪkli ɪˈvɛnt ðət kəˈləmbiə wər tɪ faɪər ˈdɑktər. ɑz ˈoʊvər hɪz ʃoʊ, ɪt wʊd riˈmuv wən əv ðə ˈlaɪkli ˈstrɔŋgəst rɪˈstreɪnts ðət kips ˈdɑktər. ɑz frəm goʊɪŋ ˈivɪn ˈdipər ˈɪntu ðə wu. soʊ wət wɑz ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlərz goʊl? ˈɑbviəsli, ɪt wɑz tɪ kriˈeɪt ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ pəˈblɪsɪti fər ˈdɑktər. ɑz ənd kəˈləmbiə ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪf ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlər wər ˈrɪli ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ kɔz ˈprɑbləmz fər ˈdɑktər. ɑz hi ʃʊd hæv æt list ˈmɛnʃənd ðət ˈdɑktər. ɑz dɪd ə "meɪd fər ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən" ˈklɪnɪkəl traɪəl hi dəbd ðə "grin ˈkɔfi bin ˈprɑʤɛkt" wɪˈθaʊt ˈbɑðərɪŋ tɪ əbˈteɪn ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl ˌrivˈju bɔrd (irb*) əˈpruvəl, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ɪz ə dɪˈrɛkt vaɪəˈleɪʃən əv kəˈləmbiə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd nu jɔrk ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪriən ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz (nyp*) ˈjumən ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈrisərʧ prəˈtɛkʃən ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ ɪkˈsplɪsətli rikˈwaɪərz əˈpruvəl fər ˈɛni ˈklɪnɪkəl traɪəl dən baɪ ˈɛni kəˈləmbiə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈfækəlti ˈmɛmbər ənd ˈfækəlti rəˈgɑrdləs əv rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən wɛr ðə ˈrisərʧ ɪz dən. naʊ, ɛz aɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, ðɛr ɪz ə slaɪt greɪ ˈɛriə hir, bɪˈkəz ˈklɪrli ˈdubiəs grin ˈkɔfi bin ˈklɪnɪkəl traɪəl wɑz nɑt ˈfɛdərəli ˈfəndɪd, bət ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ðət rɪˈsiv ˈfɛdərəl ˈfəndɪŋ ər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ əˈbaɪd baɪ ðə ˈkɑmən rul, wɪʧ rikˈwaɪərz əˈpruvəl əv ɔl ˈjumən ˈsəbʤɪkts ˈrisərʧ. ˈmɪlər wɑz ˈiðər ˌənəˈwɛr əv ðɪs ˈɪʃu, ˈdɪdənt ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ðɪs wɑz ˈrɪli ðə ˈoʊnli "ɪn" ˈskɛptɪks hæv tɪ gɪt kəˈləmbiə tɪ peɪ əˈtɛnʃən, ər ˈdɪdənt kɛr əˈbaʊt ɪt bɪˈkəz wət hi ˈrɪli kɛrz əˈbaʊt ɪz əˈtæk ɔn. ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ ðət ɑz kənˈdəktəd ə ˈdubiəs ˈklɪnɪkəl traɪəl fər ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ðət wɑz nɑt əˈpruvd baɪ ðə wʊd hæv bɪn ə fɑr mɔr ˈdæmɪŋ θɪŋ tɪ ˈmɛnʃən wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ˈpɑsəbli ˈfɔrsɪŋ kəˈləmbiə tɪ du mɔr ðən ˈɪʃu ə brif ˈsteɪtmənt fʊl əv ˈbroʊˌmaɪdz əˈbaʊt "ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈfridəm" ðən hɪz ˈpɔɪntɪd ˈmɛnʃən ðət ˈdɑktər. ɑz træʃt ɔn wən əv hɪz ʃoʊz. ɪn ˈɛni keɪs, ɛz ɛz ˈmɪlər ənd ðə ˈæktɪd, ðeɪ dɪd ˈmænɪʤd tɪ gɪt ə fɛr əˈmaʊnt əv ˈnæʃənəl prɛs ˈkəvərɪʤ, ənd ðə ɪz ˈvərʧuəli ˈgɪdi ˈoʊvər ðə prɛs riˈækʃən: ˌɔlˈðoʊ, fər jɪrz, ɑz həz bɪn ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ɪn ˈkaʊntləs blɔgz ənd əˈpɪnjən ˈpisɪz, wɪʧ hæv əˈpɪrd ɔn ə waɪd vərˈaɪəti əv ˈwɛbˌsaɪts, ðɪs ɪz ðə fərst taɪm ðət ə koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd ˈɛfərt tɪ ɪkˈspoʊz ɑz fər hu hi ˈrɪli ɪz həz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ə ˈmæsɪv ənd ˈjunəˌfaɪd rɪˈspɑns. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ pʊts kəˈləmbiə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ðə pəˈzɪʃən wɛr ðeɪ hæv tɪ ˈiðər teɪk ˈækʃən ər dɪˈfɛnd ðɛr ˈækʃənz, ər læk ˌðɛˈrəv. ˈdɑktər. ʤɑʃ blum, ə lɔŋ taɪm, ˈvoʊkəl ˈkrɪtɪk əv ˈdɑktər. ɑz sɛd, wəns ɪn waɪl ðə raɪt θɪŋ ˈhæpənz. ðɪs ɪz wən əv ðoʊz taɪmz. ðə laɪn bɪtˈwin ‘‘doctor’*’ ɑz ənd personality’*’ ɑz həz bɪn blərd fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, ˈlidɪŋ ˈmɛni tɪ ɪkˈweɪt ðə tu, ənd, ɪn duɪŋ soʊ pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪtɪŋ ðə ˈikwəlz credibility’*’ mɪθ. ˈdɑktər. ˈlɛtər həz dən məʧ tɪ dɪsˈmænəl ðɪs mɪθ. ɪt ɪz wɛl pæst ðə taɪm ðət ˈpipəl ˈfaɪnəli lərn ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ril ˈmɛdəsən ənd entertainment.”*.” əm. noʊ. ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlərz ˈlɛtər kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈmoʊmənˌtɛri prɛs kərˈfəfəl ðət ɪz ˈfeɪdɪŋ. wən ˈlɪtəl ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈdɑktər. din ɪz nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ "dɪsˈmænəl" ðə mɪθ ðət "feɪm ˈikwəlz ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti." tɪ kleɪm ˈəðərˌwaɪz ɪz ðə haɪt əv ˈhjubrəs. ɪn fækt, ɪf ðɛr wɑz ə ˈrisənt ɪˈvɛnt ðət dɪd mɔr tɪ ˈtɑrnɪʃ ðə ˈdɑktər. ɑz brænd, ɪt wɑz ˈsɛnətər klɛr mægˈnɪfɪsənt ˈroʊstɪŋ əv ˈdɑktər. ɑz ɪn frənt əv hər ˈsɛnɪt ˈpænəl ˈoʊvər hɪz ˈbrɛθləs pərˈmoʊʃən əv ˈvɛriəs ˈdaɪəˌtɛri ˌsəpləˈmɛnts ɛz ðə ˈleɪtəst, ˈgreɪtəst weɪt lɔs ˈmɪrəkəl ˈɛvər. ðɛn, leɪt læst jɪr, ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈʤərnəl ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈstədi ðət ʃoʊd ðət hæf əv wət ɑz ˌrɛkəˈmɛndz ɔn hɪz ʃoʊ həz ˈiðər noʊ ər ˈlɪtəl ˈɛvədəns tɪ səˈpɔrt ɪt. ˌɪnˈdid, ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ si haʊ fɑr ˈdɑktər. stɑr həz ˈfɑlən, ʤɪst ˈwɪtnəs wət ˈhæpənd læst noʊˈvɛmbər, wɪn ˈdɑktər. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə tim æst tˈwɪtər tɪ æsk ɪm kˈwɛsʧənz ˈəndər ðə ˈhæʃˌtæg ənd tˈwɪtər wɛnt waɪld ˈmɑkɪŋ ɪm fər hɪz pərˈmoʊʃən əv kˈwækəri. ɪn fækt, pɑrt əv ðə ˈrizən aɪv kəm tɪ kənˈklud ðət ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlərz ˈlɛtər wɑz ə spɛkˈtækjələrli bæd aɪˈdiə ɪz ðət ɪt əˈpɪrz ˈrɛdi tɪ ˈbækˌfaɪr ɔn ɪm. ðæts bɪˈkəz wən θɪŋ ˈmɪlər əˈkɑmplɪʃt wɪˈθaʊt ə daʊt ɪz tɪ pɪs ɔf ˈdɑktər. ɑz. (noʊ daʊt ðət wɑz ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd.) doʊnt gɪt mi rɔŋ. əm ɔl fər ˈpɪˌsɪŋ ɔf ˈdɑktər. ɑz ˈoʊvər ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən sneɪk ɔɪl ˈpɛdlər hiz bɪˈkəm, bət, aɪ ˈwəndər, dɪd ˈmɪlər stɑp tɪ θɪŋk wət ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz maɪt bi ɪf hi ˈæˌkʧuəli səkˈsidɪd ɪn ˈpəblɪkli ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ ˈdɑktər. ɑz ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈmidiə wɪˈθaʊt ə klɪr aɪˈdiə əv wət hɪz ˈɛndgeɪm wʊd bi? aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk soʊ, ənd ˈdɑktər. ɑz ɪz ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv rɪˈspɑndɪŋ. fərst, ˈdɑktər. ɑz riˈlist ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk: aɪ brɪŋ ðə ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət wɪl hɛlp ðɛm ɔn ðɛr pæθ tɪ bi ðɛr bɛst sɛlvz. wi prəˈvaɪd ˈməltəpəl pɔɪnts əv vju, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ maɪn wɪʧ ɪz ˈɔfərd wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɑnflɪkt əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst. ðət ˈdəzənt sɪt wɛl wɪθ ˈsərtən əˈʤɛndəz wɪʧ dɪˈstɔrt ðə fækts. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, aɪ du nɑt kleɪm ðət fudz ər ˈdeɪnʤərəs, bət bɪˈliv ðət ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ˈleɪbəld laɪk ðeɪ ər ɪn moʊst ˈkəntriz əraʊnd ðə wərld. aɪ wɪl ˈæˌdrɛs ðɪs ɔn ðə ʃoʊ nɛkst wik. ˈbeɪsɪkli, ju kən si wɛr ðɪs ɪz goʊɪŋ. ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlər ɪz ə juʤ ˈbustər əv, ˈhævɪŋ sərvd ɛz ðə ˈfaʊndɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˌbaɪoʊˌtɛkˈnɑləʤi, ənd ju kən bɛt ðət ɪt ˈdɪdənt pæs ənˈnoʊtɪst ðət wət prəˈvoʊkt ˈmɪlər tɪ raɪt hɪz ˈlɛtər wɑz nɑt soʊ məʧ ˈdɑktər. pərˈmoʊʃən əv kˈwækəri bət ˈrəðər ə spɪˈsɪfɪk fɪr ˈməŋgərɪŋ ˌsɛgˈmɛnt ɔn ðə ˈdɑktər. ɑz ʃoʊ əˈbaʊt, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ðə ˈæpəl. nɑt ˌsərˈpraɪzɪŋli, ɪn hɪz rɪˈspɑns, ˈdɑktər. ɑz ɪz ˈpeɪnɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz nɑt biɪŋ bət ˈoʊnli "pro-information*." wət wɪl ɑz seɪ ɪn hɪz ʃoʊ nɛkst wik? aɪ θɪŋk ðɛrz ə gʊd hɪnt ɪn ðə ˌɪnˌsɪnjuˈeɪʃənz ɪn hɪz brif ˈsteɪtmənt əˈbəv. waɪl ˈdɑktər. ɑz ɪz, fər ðə ˈmoʊmənt, prɪˈdɪktəbli ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə haɪ roʊd, hɪz ədˈmaɪrərz ənd ˈfɛloʊ ˈtrævələrz, ˈikwəli prɪˈdɪktəbli, wər nɑt. prɪˈdɪktəbli, ðeɪ wər əˈtækɪŋ ˈmɪlər ənd hɪz ɛz ˈɪndəstri. ðə ˈkreɪzi ˈvərʒən əv ðɪs ʃɪl ˈgæmbɪt kəmz ˈædəmz, ɪn ə pɛr əv poʊsts, ɛnˈtaɪtəld ˈvɪʃəs əˈtæk ɔn ˈdɑktər. ɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli weɪʤd baɪ ˈbaɪoʊˌtɛk ˈmɑfiə; plɑt tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ɑz lɔnʧt ˈæftər ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ɔn tɑkˈsɪsəti wɛnt ˈvaɪrəl ənd ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈmidiə feɪl: ˈdɑktərz əˈtækɪŋ ˈdɔktər ɑz hæv ˈhɪstəriz əv ˈkrɪmənəl frɔd ənd taɪz tɪ mɑnˈsæntoʊz "dɪˈskrɛdət ˈbjʊroʊ". ˌɪnˈdid, ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ si ə ˈtɛkstˌbʊk ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ən æd ˈhɑmɪnɛm əˈtæk, lʊk noʊ ˈfərðər ðən tɪ ˈædəmz' rɪˈpitɪŋ ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ʤɑn ðət hi ˈfɪzɪkəli əˈbjuzd hɪz waɪf, wɪʧ, ˈivɪn ɪf tru (ənd aɪ ˈhævənt bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ faɪnd ˈɛni sɔrs ˈəðər ðən maɪk ˈædəmz tɪ bæk əp ðɪs kleɪm, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə kɔrt ˈdɑkjəmənts lʊk əˈθɛnɪk), həz ˈnəθɪŋ ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər tɪ du wɪθ ˈwɛðər ər nɑt hɪz ˈɑrgjəmənts əˈbaʊt ər kərˈɛkt frəm ə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈstændˌpɔɪnt. maɪk ˈædəmz wɑz, ɛz fɑr ɛz aɪ kʊd tɛl, fərst aʊt əv ðə geɪt wɪθ ðə ʃɪl ˈɑrgjəmənt, ənd, ˈmaɪki biɪŋ ˈmaɪki, hi tərnd ðə ˈkreɪzi əp tɪ 11 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr ər ˈpipəl hu ər məʧ mɔr ɪn kənˈtroʊl əv ðɛr ˌɪmˈpəlsɪz ənd huz ˈbɪznɪs ˈmɑdəl ˈdəzənt dɪˈpɛnd ɔn biɪŋ ɛz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli aʊˈtreɪʤəs ənd ˌɪnˈsɛndiɛri ɪn hɪz ˈrɛtərɪk ɛz dɪz. fər ˈɪnstəns: ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər fɪˈzɪʃənz hu ˌɪnˈvoʊk ðɛr ˈmɛdɪkəl dɪˈgriz waɪl ɛnˈdɔrsɪŋ ˈprɑdəkts tɪ meɪk ðɛr əˈliʤənsɪz ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl taɪz ˈvɛri trænˈspɛrənt ənd ˈdɑktər. ɑz dɪˈzərvz tɪ bi hɛld tɪ ðɪs ˈstændərd. bət baɪ ðət ˈstændərd, ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlər ənd ˈəðər physicians”*” ɔn ðɪs ˈlɛtər ˈɔlsoʊ hæv səm ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ tɪ du. ˈmɪlər, huz ɪmˈplɔɪər, ðə ˈhuvər ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, ɪz ˈɔfən dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə ““republican-leaning”*” ər ““conservative”*” θɪŋk tæŋk, həz ˈɪntərɪsts əv hɪz oʊn. ə məˈlɛkjələr baɪˈɑləʤɪst baɪ ˈtreɪnɪŋ, ˈmɪlər spɛnt 15 jɪrz æt ðə ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz ˈfɛloʊˌʃɪp æt ˈhuvər; θruaʊt boʊθ ʤɑbz, hi həz bɪn ə kənˈsɪstənt ənd ˈɑrdənt prəˈmoʊtər əv ʤəˈnɛtɪkli ˌɛnʤəˈnird fudz (ər ðə ““o”*” ˈstændɪŋ fər ““organism”*”). ənd ɪn hɪz ˈædvəkəsi, ˈmɪlər ɪz ˈpɑzətɪvli proʊˈlɪfɪk. ə kwɪk wɛb sərʧ rɪˈvilz ˈdəzənz əˈpɑn ˈdəzənz əv ˈɑrtɪkəlz ənd əˈpɪnjən ˈkɑləmz ˈtaʊtɪŋ ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv tɪ kənˈsumərz, dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ɪˈkɑnəmiz ənd ˈægrəˌbɪznəs ənd ə ˈsimɪŋli ˈikwəl ˈnəmbər əˈtækɪŋ ðoʊz ðət wɔrn əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpɑsəbəl rɪsks əv wət ər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz kɔld ““frankenfoods.”*.” ˈmɪlər wɑz ə ˈlidɪŋ vɔɪs ɪn ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ prɑp. 37 ðə 2012 ˈbælət ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ˈsikɪŋ klɪr ˈleɪbəlɪŋ əv ˈprɑdəkts kənˈteɪnɪŋ, ənd, ɪn ðə 1990s*, wɑz ən ˈikwəli ˈprɑmənənt vɔɪs ɪn ə təˈbæˌkoʊ kæmˈpeɪn tɪ dɪˈskrɛdət ðə saɪəns ˈlɪŋkɪŋ ˌsɪgəˈrɛt juz ənd ˈkænsər. ju gɪt ðə aɪˈdiə. ðə seɪm mim ɪz ʃoʊɪŋ əp ɪn ˈivɪn ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈmidiə əˈkaʊnts. fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪn ðɪs ˌsɛgˈmɛnt bɑb ˈɑrnɑt, ˈfɔrmər ˈɛnˌbiˈsi ʧif ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənt ˈɛkoʊz ðə ˈvɛri seɪm "ʃɪl" ˈɑrgjəmənt, seɪɪŋ ðət ɔl tɛn ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz hæv "ˈɪndəstri taɪz" ənd ðət ðə ˈɪndəstri ɪz "fˈjʊriəs ðət hiz [ˈdɑktər. ɑz] həz ˈteɪkən ɔn ʤəˈnɛtɪkli ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd krɑps" ənd dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˈlɛtər ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz ɛz "ˈɪndəstri ˈhɛnʧmən hu ər ˈæftər ˈdɑktər. ɑz." hi ˈivɪn ˈmɛnʃənd ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈæktɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə, ˈgɪlbərt rɔs, spɛnt taɪm ɪn ˈprɪzən fər ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd frɔd. hɛk, ˈɑrnət ˈivɪn əˈkjuzd ənd ˈmɪlər əv astroturfing*. tru, hi dɪz seɪ ðət ˈdɑktər. ɑz ˈpɛdəlz ˌmɪsɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ðət wʊd bi laɪk ə "braɪən ˈwɪljəmz ˈskændəl" ɪf ɪt wər ɔn ˈnɛtˌwərk ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ənd ənˈfeɪvərəbli kəmˈpɛrz ˈdɑktər. ɑz wɪθ ˈsænʤeɪ ˈgʊptə ɔn ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn, bət hɪz əˈtæk ɔn ˈmɪlər ənd ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ. ənd, jɛs, ðɪs ɪz ðə weɪ ðət ˈdɑktər. ɑz ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ goʊ, ɛz ʃoʊn ɪn ðɪs ˈstɔri ɔn ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˈməni (əˈproʊpriɪtli ɪˈnəf). ˈdɑktər. ɑz ɪz ˈplænɪŋ tɪ dɪˈvoʊt ə fʊl ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd, ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈθərzˌdeɪz, tɪ ə rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz əv kˈwækəri. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, hiz ˈteɪkɪŋ ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðə ˈlɛtər tɪ ʤɪn əp hɪz ˈreɪtɪŋz, ənd hɪz əˈtæks wɪl rɪˈzɛmbəl, noʊ daʊt, ə toʊnd daʊn ˈvərʒən əv maɪk ˈædəmz' əˈtæks. noʊ, hi woʊnt ˈmɛnʃən dəˈmɛstɪk ˈvaɪələns, bət ju kən bɛt ðət hil ˈmɛnʃən ˈdɑktər. rɔs' kənˈvɪkʃən fər ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd frɔd ənd ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlərz pæst ˈædvəkəsi. jul bi əmˈjuzd æt ðə ˌræʃəˈnæl: ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd "ɪz ðə læst θɪŋ wi wɔnt tɪ du," ə ˈpərsən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ʃoʊ sɛd ɔn ˈsənˌdi. bət ɑz ənd hɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz hæv kənˈkludɪd ðət ɪt ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri bɪˈkəz əv ðə "ˌɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən" ðeɪ pərˈsiv frəm ðə ˈdɑktərz. ˈnɑnsɛns. ˈdɑktər. prəˈdusərz si ə ʧæns tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðə pəˈblɪsɪti ənd tɪ straɪk bæk æt ðə seɪm taɪm. ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlər θru hɪz bɛst pənʧ, ənd naʊ ˈdɑktər. ɑz ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ pənʧ bæk: ɑz woʊnt ʤɪst rɛd ðə ˈsteɪtmənt hi ˈɪʃud læst ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ˌɪnˈstɛd, hil dɪˈvoʊt ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd tɪ hɪz rɪˈspɑns. "wi plæn tɪ ʃoʊ əˈmɛrɪkə hu ðiz ˈɔθərz ər, bɪˈkəz dɪˈskəʃən əv hɛlθ ˈtɑpɪks ʃʊd bi fri əv ˌɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən," ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə ʃoʊ sɛd. ðə ˈditeɪlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈθərzˌdeɪ ɛr deɪt, ər ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ. ðə ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd wɪl bi teɪpt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ər ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. kən ˈmɪlər teɪk wət ɑz ˈdɪʃɪz aʊt? ˈprɑbəˌbli. dɪz ɪt ˈmætər? ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt. ɪz ˈmɪlərz ˈmɛsɪʤ əˈbaʊt ˈdɑktər. pərˈmoʊʃən əv kˈwækəri ənd ˌsudoʊˈsaɪəns goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt lɔst ɪn ðə ˈkaʊnərəˌtæk ðət wɪl peɪnt ɪm ənd hɪz ɛz ˈɪndəstri ˈsikɪŋ riˈvɛnʤ ɔn ˈdɑktər. ɑz fər ˈhævɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈwɛðər ər seɪf? ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli. ɪn fækt, aɪl goʊ ˈivɪn ˈfərðər ənd səˈʤɛst ðət ˈmɪlərz ˈlɛtər, ˈæftər ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ɪmˈbɛrəsmənt ɪt kɔzd ˈdɑktər. ɑz, ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli naʊ sin baɪ ɪm ənd hɪz prəˈdusərz ɛz ə ˈgɑdˌsɛnd ðət gɪvz ðɛm ðə ˈpriˌtɛkst tɪ ˈkaʊnərəˌtæk ənd tɪ tɑr ɔl ðə ʤɪst ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlər ənd ˈkəmpəˌni, bət ˈəðər ˈblɔgərz, mi, ənd ɔl ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs hu hæv bɪn ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪzɪŋ ˈdɑktər. ɑz fər ðə læst faɪv jɪrz ˈoʊvər hɪz pərˈmoʊʃən əv kˈwækəri ənd biɪŋ ˈɪndəstri əv səm kaɪnd ənd tɪ meɪk ɪt stɪk ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk maɪnd. əm ʃʊr hil faɪnd ə weɪ tɪ goʊ ˈæftər ˈʤuljə ˈoʊvər æt ɛz wɛl, ˈgɪvɪn ðət hər ˈɛksələnt ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn ðə ˈmeɪkɪŋ əv ˈdɑktər. ɑz ɛz ə kwæk (maɪ ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən) wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ðə seɪm wik ɛz ˈmɪlərz ˈlɛtər. ðæts ðə ˈnɛrətɪv ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlər həz ˈhændɪd tɪ ˈdɑktər. ɑz ɔn ə ˈsɪlvər ˈplætər. aɪ tɛnd tɪ bi ə bɪt kənˈsərvətɪv ɪn maɪ prɪˈfərd ˈtæktɪks ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔn ˌsudoʊˈsaɪəns laɪk ðət prəˈmoʊtəd baɪ ˈdɑktər. ɑz, ˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ prɪˈfər ˈkaʊnərɪŋ hɪz ˌmɪsɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ənd səˈpɔrtɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪtiz laɪk bɛn ˈkɛrfəl ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ˈpeɪʃənz hu hæv bɪn hɑrmd baɪ ˈdɑktər. ˈmɛdɪkəl ədˈvaɪs. mɔr ˈrisəntli, bɛn həz bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ pərsˈweɪd ðə tɪ ˈɪʃu ə ˈpəblɪk ˈsteɪtmənt ðət "riˈɪtərˌeɪs ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˈɛvədəns ənd trænˈspɛrənsi tɪ ðə prəˈfɛʃən" waɪl ˈæskɪŋ ðə "tɪ kræft ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz ɔn haʊ ˈdɑktərz kən ˈɛθɪkəli juz ðə ˈmidiə tɪ hɛlp ðə ˈpəblɪk" ənd "tɪ ˈɪʃu ə rɪˈpɔrt ɔn wət ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈpæθˌweɪz maɪt bi əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈdɑktərz hu kənˈtɪnju tɪ sprɛd ˈboʊgəs ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈmidiə." əm nɑt əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈsplæʃi muvz ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. aɪ ʤɪst θɪŋk ðət ðeɪ ʃʊd bi smɑrt ənd θɔt θru, wɪθ ə ˈdɛfənət goʊl ɪn maɪnd ˈəðər ðən stərɪŋ əp ˈtrəbəl. ˈdɑktər. ˈmɪlərz ˈlɪtəl pəˈblɪsɪti stənt feɪld ðɪs tɛst ɔn ˈɛvəri ˈlɛvəl, ənd, wərs, kʊd wɪnd əp ˈbækˌfaɪərɪŋ spɛkˈtækjələrli, ˈlivɪŋ ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs hu kɛr əˈbaʊt ɔl ðə kˈwækəri ˈdɑktər. ɑz sprɛdz, nɑt ʤɪst hɪz fɪr ˈməŋgərɪŋ əˈbaʊt, tɪ dil wɪθ ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz.

3d systems abandons its cube printers, but means you can't buy filament from anyone else 3d printing giant systems has experienced a terrible year and a change in leadership, and seems to be backing away from consumer products, meaning that it's orphaned its cube home printers. but the cube was born dead, because it was born with. it only accepts filament -- its equivalent to inkjet ink -- that comes in a package that's been signed by the manufacturer. thanks to laws like the us dmca, the european union copyright directive and canada's bill, it's a crime to defeat this measure and load filament into your printer. that means that once the existing stock of cube filament is gone, there will be no legal way to keep using your cube printer. the us copyright office did grant a three-year, expiring exception allowing printer owners to their devices, but it has so many conditions as to be unusable, and it also doesn't grant an exception for the tools necessary to your printer. so even if you satisfy the criteria, you still have to make your owning tool from scratch. michael weinberg points out thats can do two things to make up for their stupid strategy: since the cube is designed to only accept printing filament made by systems, as part of winding down the cube - and as an act of good faith to cube owners - systems should explicitly open the doors to third party filament. this can take the form of two simple public commitments. first, systems can promise not to sue any cube users who use systems filament for the cube. second, systems can promise not to sue anyone who wants to make and sell filament that will work with the cube. doing both requires circumventing the verification chip that systems includes in its filament today. free the cube [michael weinberg]

3d* ˈsɪstəmz əˈbændənz ɪts kjub ˈprɪnərz, bət minz ju kænt baɪ ˈfɪləmənt frəm ˈɛniˌwən ɛls ˈprɪnɪŋ ʤaɪənt ˈsɪstəmz həz ɪkˈspɪriənst ə ˈtɛrəbəl jɪr ənd ə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˈlidərˌʃɪp, ənd simz tɪ bi ˈbækɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm kənˈsumər ˈprɑdəkts, ˈminɪŋ ðət ɪts ˈɔrfənd ɪts kjub hoʊm ˈprɪnərz. bət ðə kjub wɑz bɔrn dɛd, bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz bɔrn wɪθ. ɪt ˈoʊnli ækˈsɛpts ˈfɪləmənt ɪts ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ ˈɪŋˌkʤɛt ɪŋk ðət kəmz ɪn ə ˈpækɪʤ ðæts bɪn saɪnd baɪ ðə ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər. θæŋks tɪ lɔz laɪk ðə ˈjuˈɛs dmca*, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən ˈkɑpiˌraɪt dɪˈrɛktɪv ənd ˈkænədəz bɪl ɪts ə kraɪm tɪ dɪˈfit ðɪs ˈmɛʒər ənd loʊd ˈfɪləmənt ˈɪntu jʊr ˈprɪnər. ðət minz ðət wəns ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ stɑk əv kjub ˈfɪləmənt ɪz gɔn, ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ ˈligəl weɪ tɪ kip ˈjuzɪŋ jʊr kjub ˈprɪnər. ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈɔfəs dɪd grænt ə θˈriˌjɪr, ɪkˈspaɪrɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpʃən əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈprɪnər ˈoʊnərz tɪ ðɛr dɪˈvaɪsɪz, bət ɪt həz soʊ ˈmɛni kənˈdɪʃənz ɛz tɪ bi ənˈjuzəbəl, ənd ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdəzənt grænt ən ɪkˈsɛpʃən fər ðə tulz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ jʊr ˈprɪnər. soʊ ˈivɪn ɪf ju ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ðə kraɪˈtɪriə, ju stɪl hæv tɪ meɪk jʊr oʊn tul frəm skræʧ. ˈmaɪkəl ˈwaɪnbərg pɔɪnts aʊt ðət kən du tu θɪŋz tɪ meɪk əp fər ðɛr ˈstupɪd ˈstrætəʤi: sɪns ðə kjub ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈoʊnli əkˈsɛpt ˈprɪnɪŋ ˈfɪləmənt meɪd baɪ ˈsɪstəmz, ɛz pɑrt əv ˈwaɪndɪŋ daʊn ðə kjub ənd ɛz ən ækt əv gʊd feɪθ tɪ kjub ˈoʊnərz ˈsɪstəmz ʃʊd ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˈoʊpən ðə dɔrz tɪ θərd ˈpɑrti ˈfɪləmənt. ðɪs kən teɪk ðə fɔrm əv tu ˈsɪmpəl ˈpəblɪk kəˈmɪtmənts. fərst, ˈsɪstəmz kən ˈprɑməs nɑt tɪ su ˈɛni kjub ˈjuzərz hu juz ˈsɪstəmz ˈfɪləmənt fər ðə kjub. ˈsɛkənd, ˈsɪstəmz kən ˈprɑməs nɑt tɪ su ˈɛniˌwən hu wɔnts tɪ meɪk ənd sɛl ˈfɪləmənt ðət wɪl wərk wɪθ ðə kjub. duɪŋ boʊθ rikˈwaɪərz ˌsərkəmˈvɛntɪŋ ðə ˌvɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən ʧɪp ðət ˈsɪstəmz ˌɪnˈkludz ɪn ɪts ˈfɪləmənt təˈdeɪ. fri ðə kjub [ˈmaɪkəl ˈwaɪnbərg]

everybody knows mock drafts real. they are fun, but they are “mocks” meant as, hopefully, educated guesses. what, though, if they were real? a number of team sites around nation are looking at what would have happened since 2010 if teams just went by the final mock drafts of analysts mel kiper jr. and todd. so, join the party. which players would the giants have selected since 2010 had they just followed the advice of kiper and in round 1? would they have done better? worse? what impact might those choices have had. let’s go year-by-year. 2010 giants (15th overall): de jason kiper: sean weatherspoon mcshay: rolando mcclain i think pretty clear that the giants ended up with the best player. weatherspoon was a talented player who went overall to the atlanta falcons, four picks after the giants took. he has been an disappointment, though, playing in only 65 of 96 potential games (44 starts). he has missed more than half the season twice due to injuries. mcclain? please. a 2013 “retirement.” two drug suspensions in the past two seasons. he may never play again. 2011 giants (19th overall): prince kiper: ot anthony mcshay: mark ingram this one is really interesting. was a good but not great player for the giants, but played in only 55 of 80 games. has been a starter at left tackle for the indianapolis colts. ingram has averaged yards rushing throughout his career and is coming off a season in which he gained yards for the new orleans saints and averaged yards per carry. pretty easy to argue that both and ingram have had better careers than, and are currently more important players. 2012 giants (32nd overall): david wilson kiper: te coby fleener mcshay: ot jonathan martin sadly, injuryecked career after just 21 games. could, fleener, who has 233 career receptions and four straight seasons of at least 50 catches, have been the tight end the giants have been searching for all these years? what happened to jonathan martin in miami was unfortunate, but he only played three seasons in the league. in the end, seems pretty clear kiper had the best idea here. both fleener and martin were available when the giants picked wilson. 2013 giants (19th overall): justin pugh kiper: d.j. hayden mcshay: de bjoern werner given these three choices, pretty clear the giants got this one right. pugh has been a solid player for the giants and was their best lineman in 2016 before injuring a knee. hayden has just 25 career starts, only two in 2016. werner had a non-descript career with just sacks in three seasons, did not play in 2016, and has announced his retirement. 2014 giants (12th overall): odell beckham jr. kiper: zack martin mcshay: te eric ebron beckham, histrionics aside, is a great player. no real arguing with this choice. still, i expected the giants to take martin with this pick and i think you can still make the case that it would not have beenong to do so. martin, like beckham, has been a pro bowler all three seasons of his career. he is also a. little doubt the giants would be better on the offensive line with martin. ebron? he went to the detroit lions and has improved each season. his 2016 was his best yet. still, he will never be the impact player that beckham is. 2015 giants (ninth overall): ot flowers kiper: flowers mcshay: brandon scherff well, neither kiper nor are any help here at all. the giants took flowers hoping he would be their left tackle of the future, and we know how gone. kiper would have made the same pick. would have taken brandon scherff, who went four picks earlier to the washington redskins. for what worth, i still believe flowers was a consolation prize and that the giants would have taken scherff if he had still been on the board. 2016 giants (10th overall): eli apple kiper: ot jack conklin mcshay: conklin you know the story. the giants were widely expected to select either leonard floyd or conklin. then, the tennessee titans moved up to no. 8 and grabbed conklin and the chicago bears jumped to no. 9 to pick floyd. apple had a pretty good rookie year and will be a good player. conklin was an right tackle as a rookie, and you know the giants’ struggling offensive line could have benefited from that. conklin was the graded tackle in the league, per pro football focus. kiper/mcshay/giants comparison year giants mel kiper todd year giants mel kiper todd 2010 de jason sean weatherspoon rolando mcclain 2011 prince ot anthony mark ingram 2012 david wilson te coby fleener ot jonathan martin 2013 justin pugh d.j. hayden de bjoern werner 2014 odell beckham jr. zack martin te eric ebron 2015 ot flowers ot flowers brandon scherff 2016 eli apple ot jack conklin ot jack conklin [e-mail ed at | follow big blue view on twitter | 'like' big blue view on facebook]

ˈɛvriˌbɑdi noʊz mɑk dræfts ril. ðeɪ ər fən, bət ðeɪ ər ““mocks”*” mɛnt ɛz, ˈhoʊpfəli, ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd ˈgɛsɪz. wət, ðoʊ, ɪf ðeɪ wər ril? ə ˈnəmbər əv tim saɪts əraʊnd ˈneɪʃən ər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt wət wʊd hæv ˈhæpənd sɪns 2010 ɪf timz ʤɪst wɛnt baɪ ðə ˈfaɪnəl mɑk dræfts əv ˈænəlɪsts mɛl ˈkaɪpər jr*. ənd tɑd. soʊ, ʤɔɪn ðə ˈpɑrti. wɪʧ pleɪərz wʊd ðə ʤaɪənts hæv səˈlɛktɪd sɪns 2010 hæd ðeɪ ʤɪst ˈfɑloʊd ðə ədˈvaɪs əv ˈkaɪpər ənd ɪn raʊnd 1 wʊd ðeɪ hæv dən ˈbɛtər? wərs? wət ˌɪmˈpækt maɪt ðoʊz ˈʧɔɪsɪz hæv hæd. goʊ year-by-year*. 2010 ʤaɪənts ˈoʊvərˌɔl): də ˈʤeɪsən ˈkaɪpər: ʃɔn ˈwɛðərˌspun: roʊˈlɑndoʊ məˈkleɪn aɪ θɪŋk ˈprɪti klɪr ðət ðə ʤaɪənts ˈɛndɪd əp wɪθ ðə bɛst pleɪər. ˈwɛðərˌspun wɑz ə ˈtæləntɪd pleɪər hu wɛnt ˈoʊvərˌɔl tɪ ðə æˈtlæntə ˈfælkənz, fɔr pɪks ˈæftər ðə ʤaɪənts tʊk. hi həz bɪn ən ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt, ðoʊ, pleɪɪŋ ɪn ˈoʊnli 65 əv 96 pəˈtɛnʃəl geɪmz 44 stɑrts). hi həz mɪst mɔr ðən hæf ðə ˈsizən twaɪs du tɪ ˈɪnʤəriz. məˈkleɪn? pliz. ə 2013 ““retirement.”*.” tu drəg səˈspɛnʃənz ɪn ðə pæst tu ˈsizənz. hi meɪ ˈnɛvər pleɪ əˈgɛn. 2011 ʤaɪənts ˈoʊvərˌɔl): prɪns ˈkaɪpər: ˈoʊˈti ˈænθɔˌni: mɑrk ˈɪŋgrəm ðɪs wən ɪz ˈrɪli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ. wɑz ə gʊd bət nɑt greɪt pleɪər fər ðə ʤaɪənts, bət pleɪd ɪn ˈoʊnli 55 əv 80 geɪmz. həz bɪn ə ˈstɑrtər æt lɛft ˈtækəl fər ðə ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs koʊlts. ˈɪŋgrəm həz ˈævrɪʤd jɑrdz ˈrəʃɪŋ θruaʊt hɪz kərɪr ənd ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf ə ˈsizən ɪn wɪʧ hi geɪnd jɑrdz fər ðə nu ˌɔˈrlinz seɪnts ənd ˈævrɪʤd jɑrdz pər ˈkɛri. ˈprɪti ˈizi tɪ ˈɑrgju ðət boʊθ ənd ˈɪŋgrəm hæv hæd ˈbɛtər kərɪrz ðən, ənd ər ˈkərəntli mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pleɪərz. 2012 ʤaɪənts ˈoʊvərˌɔl): ˈdeɪvɪd ˈwɪlsən ˈkaɪpər: ti ˈkoʊbi ˈflinər: ˈoʊˈti ˈʤɑnəθən ˈmɑrtɪn ˈsædli, ˈɪnʤəri rɛkt kərɪr ˈæftər ʤɪst 21 geɪmz. kʊd, ˈflinər, hu həz 233 kərɪr rɪˈsɛpʃənz ənd fɔr streɪt ˈsizənz əv æt list 50 ˈkæʧɪz, hæv bɪn ðə taɪt ɛnd ðə ʤaɪənts hæv bɪn ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ɔl ðiz jɪrz? wət ˈhæpənd tɪ ˈʤɑnəθən ˈmɑrtɪn ɪn maɪˈæmi wɑz ənˈfɔrʧənət, bət hi ˈoʊnli pleɪd θri ˈsizənz ɪn ðə lig. ɪn ðə ɛnd, simz ˈprɪti klɪr ˈkaɪpər hæd ðə bɛst aɪˈdiə hir. boʊθ ˈflinər ənd ˈmɑrtɪn wər əˈveɪləbəl wɪn ðə ʤaɪənts pɪkt ˈwɪlsən. 2013 ʤaɪənts ˈoʊvərˌɔl): ˈʤəstɪn pju ˈkaɪpər: d.j*. ˈheɪdən: də bjɔrn ˈwərnər ˈgɪvɪn ðiz θri ˈʧɔɪsɪz, ˈprɪti klɪr ðə ʤaɪənts gɑt ðɪs wən raɪt. pju həz bɪn ə ˈsɑləd pleɪər fər ðə ʤaɪənts ənd wɑz ðɛr bɛst ˈlaɪnmən ɪn 2016 ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɪnʤərɪŋ ə ni. ˈheɪdən həz ʤɪst 25 kərɪr stɑrts, ˈoʊnli tu ɪn 2016 ˈwərnər hæd ə ˈnɑndɪˈskrɪpt kərɪr wɪθ ʤɪst sæks ɪn θri ˈsizənz, dɪd nɑt pleɪ ɪn 2016 ənd həz əˈnaʊnst hɪz rɪˈtaɪərmənt. 2014 ʤaɪənts ˈoʊvərˌɔl): oʊˈdɛl ˈbɛˌkhæm jr*. ˈkaɪpər: zæk ˈmɑrtɪn: ti ˈɛrɪk ˈɛbrən ˈbɛˌkhæm, ˌhɪstriˈɑnɪks əˈsaɪd, ɪz ə greɪt pleɪər. noʊ ril ˈɑrgjuɪŋ wɪθ ðɪs ʧɔɪs. stɪl, aɪ ɪkˈspɛktɪd ðə ʤaɪənts tɪ teɪk ˈmɑrtɪn wɪθ ðɪs pɪk ənd aɪ θɪŋk ju kən stɪl meɪk ðə keɪs ðət ɪt wʊd nɑt hæv bɪn rɔŋ tɪ du soʊ. ˈmɑrtɪn, laɪk ˈbɛˌkhæm, həz bɪn ə proʊ ˈboʊlər ɔl θri ˈsizənz əv hɪz kərɪr. hi ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə. ˈlɪtəl daʊt ðə ʤaɪənts wʊd bi ˈbɛtər ɔn ðə əˈfɛnsɪv laɪn wɪθ ˈmɑrtɪn. ˈɛbrən? hi wɛnt tɪ ðə ˈdiˌtrɔɪt laɪənz ənd həz ˌɪmˈpruvd iʧ ˈsizən. hɪz 2016 wɑz hɪz bɛst jɛt. stɪl, hi wɪl ˈnɛvər bi ðə ˌɪmˈpækt pleɪər ðət ˈbɛˌkhæm ɪz. 2015 ʤaɪənts (naɪnθ ˈoʊvərˌɔl): ˈoʊˈti flaʊərz ˈkaɪpər: flaʊərz: ˈbrændən ʃərf wɛl, ˈniðər ˈkaɪpər nɔr ər ˈɛni hɛlp hir æt ɔl. ðə ʤaɪənts tʊk flaʊərz ˈhoʊpɪŋ hi wʊd bi ðɛr lɛft ˈtækəl əv ðə fˈjuʧər, ənd wi noʊ haʊ gɔn. ˈkaɪpər wʊd hæv meɪd ðə seɪm pɪk. wʊd hæv ˈteɪkən ˈbrændən ʃərf, hu wɛnt fɔr pɪks ˈərliər tɪ ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈrɛdˌskɪnz. fər wət wərθ, aɪ stɪl bɪˈliv flaʊərz wɑz ə ˌkɑnsəˈleɪʃən praɪz ənd ðət ðə ʤaɪənts wʊd hæv ˈteɪkən ʃərf ɪf hi hæd stɪl bɪn ɔn ðə bɔrd. 2016 ʤaɪənts ˈoʊvərˌɔl): ˈilaɪ ˈæpəl ˈkaɪpər: ˈoʊˈti ʤæk ˈkɑŋklɪn: ˈkɑŋklɪn ju noʊ ðə ˈstɔri. ðə ʤaɪənts wər ˈwaɪdli ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ səˈlɛkt ˈiðər ˈlɛnərd flɔɪd ər ˈkɑŋklɪn. ðɛn, ðə ˌtɛnəˈsi ˈtaɪtənz muvd əp tɪ noʊ. 8 ənd græbd ˈkɑŋklɪn ənd ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bɛrz ʤəmpt tɪ noʊ. 9 tɪ pɪk flɔɪd. ˈæpəl hæd ə ˈprɪti gʊd ˈrʊki jɪr ənd wɪl bi ə gʊd pleɪər. ˈkɑŋklɪn wɑz ən raɪt ˈtækəl ɛz ə ˈrʊki, ənd ju noʊ ðə giants’*’ ˈstrəgəlɪŋ əˈfɛnsɪv laɪn kʊd hæv ˈbɛnəˌfɪtɪd frəm ðət. ˈkɑŋklɪn wɑz ðə ˈgreɪdɪd ˈtækəl ɪn ðə lig, pər proʊ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈfoʊkɪs. kəmˈpɛrəsən jɪr ʤaɪənts mɛl ˈkaɪpər tɑd jɪr ʤaɪənts mɛl ˈkaɪpər tɑd 2010 də ˈʤeɪsən ʃɔn ˈwɛðərˌspun roʊˈlɑndoʊ məˈkleɪn 2011 prɪns ˈoʊˈti ˈænθɔˌni mɑrk ˈɪŋgrəm 2012 ˈdeɪvɪd ˈwɪlsən ti ˈkoʊbi ˈflinər ˈoʊˈti ˈʤɑnəθən ˈmɑrtɪn 2013 ˈʤəstɪn pju d.j*. ˈheɪdən də bjɔrn ˈwərnər 2014 oʊˈdɛl ˈbɛˌkhæm jr*. zæk ˈmɑrtɪn ti ˈɛrɪk ˈɛbrən 2015 ˈoʊˈti flaʊərz ˈoʊˈti flaʊərz ˈbrændən ʃərf 2016 ˈilaɪ ˈæpəl ˈoʊˈti ʤæk ˈkɑŋklɪn ˈoʊˈti ʤæk ˈkɑŋklɪn [ˈiˌmeɪl ɛd æt ˈfɑloʊ bɪg blu vju ɔn tˈwɪtər 'laɪk' bɪg blu vju ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk]

bolivian president morales warns that the us will have to pay a price if it launches an aggression against venezuela, and demands that his us counterpart, barack obama, "apologize" to venezuela for his "threats." last week president obama signed an executive order declaring venezuela a "national security threat" and ordered sanctions be imposed on seven officials from the latin american country a possible precursor to sanctions against the country itself, as previously seen in iran and syria. © sputnik / mikhail hungarian, croat jailed in bolivia over plot to kill morales “bolivia is the beloved child of simon bolivar and this country is prepared to fight to repel any aggression against venezuela on the part of the united states,” the news portal quoted morales as saying during an emergency meeting in caracas of the alliance for the peoples of our america (alba), an intergovernmental organization based on the idea of the social, political and economic integration of the countries of latin america. "this is a perfect moment for us to unite even closer in the face of any such threat,” the bolivian leader said, adding that he would prefer seeing the us as a true defender of peace rather than a country trying to ensure its global dominion by force. morales said he wanted the us to be the "great defender of peace in the world", not a country which "dominates in a military way". "i want to tell you that this unit [alba] should be strengthened, i really believe that america is afraid of the process of democratic, peaceful and economic liberation of latin america and the caribbean," he said.

bəˈlɪviən ˈprɛzɪdənt mɔˈrɑlɛs wɔrnz ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs wɪl hæv tɪ peɪ ə praɪs ɪf ɪt ˈlɔnʧɪz ən əˈgrɛʃən əˈgɛnst ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlə, ənd dɪˈmændz ðət hɪz ˈjuˈɛs ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt, ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə, "əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz" tɪ ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlə fər hɪz "θrɛts." læst wik ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə saɪnd ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər dɪˈklɛrɪŋ ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlə ə "ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti θrɛt" ənd ˈɔrdərd ˈsæŋkʃənz bi ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ɔn ˈsɛvən əˈfɪʃəlz frəm ðə ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkəntri ə ˈpɑsəbəl priˈkərsər tɪ ˈsæŋkʃənz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkəntri ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ɛz ˈpriviəsli sin ɪn ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ˈsɪriə. ˈspətnɪk mɪˈkeɪl həŋˈgɛriən, kroʊɑt ʤeɪld ɪn bəˈlɪviə ˈoʊvər plɑt tɪ kɪl mɔˈrɑlɛs ɪz ðə bɪˈləvəd ʧaɪld əv ˈsaɪmən ˈbɑləvər ənd ðɪs ˈkəntri ɪz priˈpɛrd tɪ faɪt tɪ rɪˈpɛl ˈɛni əˈgrɛʃən əˈgɛnst ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlə ɔn ðə pɑrt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd states,”*,” ðə nuz ˈpɔrtəl kˈwoʊtɪd mɔˈrɑlɛs ɛz seɪɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˈimərʤənsi ˈmitɪŋ ɪn kərˈɑkəs əv ðə əˈlaɪəns fər ðə ˈpipəlz əv ɑr əˈmɛrɪkə (ˈælbə), ən ˌɪntərˌgəvərnˈmɛntəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən beɪst ɔn ðə aɪˈdiə əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl, pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən əv ðə ˈkəntriz əv ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkə. "ðɪs ɪz ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈmoʊmənt fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈjuˌnaɪt ˈivɪn ˈkloʊzər ɪn ðə feɪs əv ˈɛni səʧ threat,”*,” ðə bəˈlɪviən ˈlidər sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət hi wʊd prɪˈfər siɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɛz ə tru dɪˈfɛndər əv pis ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈkəntri traɪɪŋ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ɪts ˈgloʊbəl dəˈmɪnjən baɪ fɔrs. mɔˈrɑlɛs sɛd hi ˈwɔntɪd ðə ˈjuˈɛs tɪ bi ðə "greɪt dɪˈfɛndər əv pis ɪn ðə wərld", nɑt ə ˈkəntri wɪʧ "ˈdɑməˌneɪts ɪn ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri weɪ". "aɪ wɔnt tɪ tɛl ju ðət ðɪs ˈjunɪt [ˈælbə] ʃʊd bi ˈstrɛŋθənd, aɪ ˈrɪli bɪˈliv ðət əˈmɛrɪkə ɪz əˈfreɪd əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk, ˈpisfəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən əv ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ðə ˌkɛrɪˈbiən," hi sɛd.

there are many nauseating aspects of the new reality tv series, "america picks a prez," which airs around the clock on every single channel on earth: the cynical, conspiracy between our fourth estate and donald “ratings viagra” trump. ted cruz uttering the word "prayerfully" while not exploding into a cloud of synthetic piety. caucasian patriots heroically exercising their right to punch people of color. among these, let me nominate one more: listening to hillary partisans explain to those of us who support bernie sanders just how naive we are. only hillary, we are told, has a real shot at winning in november. the only one with a realistic grasp of how washington works, whose moderate (and modest) policy aims might, realistically, be enacted. it often sounds as if central pitch to voters that she has a moral vision for the country, but that she owns the franchise on realism. advertisement: bernie, meanwhile, is just a rube whose as a congressman and senator has somehow failed to instill in him an appreciation for the twin plagues of and gridlock. for us benighted hippies, the standard at this point is that our man understands all too well the magnitude of dysfunction, which is why calling for a political revolution: to obliterate the most heinous aspects of the status quo, starting with elections. i happen to agree with this. but a sadder and more pointed response to reality brigade. namely, that they need to face the reality of what the 2016 election is going to be like with hillary at the top of the ticket. before i outline that particular shitstorm, let me issue a few (and therefore pointless) caveats. first, i myself was a hillary supporter until sanders entered the race. (more precisely, until i read his policy positions.) second, i will enthusiastically support hillary when and if she is nominated. years ago, i interviewed the secretary and i say now what i said then: she is a brilliant and compassionate public servant. if presidential elections in this country were based on policy positions and moral intention, on how each candidate hopes to solve common crises of state, clinton would win going away. alas, the reality is that hillary is among the most hated politicians in america. there is, to begin with, her dismal favorability rating, which stands at 53 percent, with a net negative of 12 percent. (sanders has a net positive of 12 percent.) advertisement: but even more important is the intensity of the animus against her, and the sad mountain of baggage she carries with her as a candidate. no matter who the nominee is, the battle plan against hillary will be the same: a tawdry and unrelenting of all the phony scandals cooked up by the “vast, conspiracy” that she identified nearly two decades ago. cue up the pearl jam, folks, because going all the way back to the '90s: whitewater, travelgate, troopergate, lewinskygate, with a little vince foster murdergate, for a dash of blood. but are just the golden oldies! also be hearing about the clinton foundation and the clinton pardons. of course, what respectable slander campaign would be complete without the new material? benghazi, the private email server, the wall street speeches? the dark corporate money and talented propagandists aligned against hillary will make the swift boat veterans look like toy soldiers. advertisement: and because our fourth estate is driven at this point almost entirely by the desperate promotion of scandal narratives and conflict, every one of these paid attacks will be amplified by so-called free media, or what us hippies used to call journalism. i’m not blaming hillary for this sad state of affairs. just trying to the word looking for? ah yes, here it about how going to go down. republicans tend to lose when they have to talk in specific terms about policies, priorities and solutions. they win when elections are reduced to brawls personality contests. (see reagan/carter, bush/kerry, et al.) advertisement: but if donald trump is the nominee, as seems most likely right now, he will also enjoy two genuine lines of attack against hillary. the first is the same one bernie just used to upset her in michigan: the fact that free trade pacts are wildly unpopular with many americans. trump has been (and, as usual, somewhat full of shit) in his condemnation of free trade, and it has been one of his most successful pitches. you can bet your bottom yen that hammer hillary on this, as if she personally whipped votes for nafta. excoriate various forms of crony capitalism (deals cut with big pharma, bogus military contracts, etc.) that democrats such as hillary either endorsed or enabled through timidity. and blast her for backing our boondoggle in iraq, too. these accusations will be framed in terms of a larger narrative: that hillary represents business as usual in washington, that just another career pol beholden to the donor class and to the wall street swells who paid her millions to deliver her secret speeches. advertisement: trump may be a sexually insecure adolescent with a penchant for inciting racial violence, but the one undeniable aspect of his appeal is that he recognizes the toxic nature of the status quo and will, by sheer force of personality, bring it down. this promise is about as flimsy as a trump university diploma. but resonating with voters who feel carnival of corruption is beyond redemption. all of which brings us back to that credulous waif from brooklyn, by way of ben and jerry’s. donald trump can holler all he wants about how crazy bernie is a socialist. but he (and the super pacs) be able to distract voters by digging up scandals in his past. nor will trump be able to portray him as a corporate stooge. in fact, the shocking success of the sanders campaign is predicated on many of the same essential frustrations trump is exploiting: corporate influence, wage stagnation, trade. this is why polls consistently show sanders beating trump more convincingly than clinton does. advertisement: the right wing knows how to go after hillary, because been doing so for 30 years. within the media and a significant portion of the electorate, the neural pathways have already been carved out. hillary is defensive, programmed, ethically suspect. they are going to have a more difficult time smearing a candidate whose biggest liabilities are his “extreme” policy positions, most of which sound more like a common sense corrective to the excesses of capitalism. higher taxes on corporations and the super-wealthy? healthcare as a right? a higher minimum wage? increased funding for education and infrastructure? good luck demonizing those positions, big donald. none of this is to suggest that hillary beat trump, if they wind up as the nominees. nor that she be a great president. but if hillary supporters want to claim the mantle of realism, they should start by accepting very real liabilities of their candidate.

ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈnɔʒiˌeɪtɪŋ ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə nu ˌriˈæləˌti ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsɪriz, "əˈmɛrɪkə pɪks ə prez*," wɪʧ ɛrz əraʊnd ðə klɑk ɔn ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl ˈʧænəl ɔn ərθ: ðə ˈsɪnɪkəl, kənˈspɪrəsi bɪtˈwin ɑr fɔrθ ɛˈsteɪt ənd ˈdɑnəld viagra”*” trəmp. tɛd kruz ˈətərɪŋ ðə wərd "prayerfully*" waɪl nɑt ɪkˈsploʊdɪŋ ˈɪntu ə klaʊd əv sɪnˈθɛtɪk ˈpaɪəti. kɔˈkeɪʒən ˈpeɪtriəts ˌhɪˈroʊɪkli ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪŋ ðɛr raɪt tɪ pənʧ ˈpipəl əv ˈkələr. əˈməŋ ðiz, lɛt mi ˈnɑməˌneɪt wən mɔr: ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ˈhɪləri ˈpɑrtəzənz ɪkˈspleɪn tɪ ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs hu səˈpɔrt ˈbərni ˈsændərz ʤɪst haʊ naɪiv wi ər. ˈoʊnli ˈhɪləri, wi ər toʊld, həz ə ril ʃɑt æt ˈwɪnɪŋ ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər. ðə ˈoʊnli wən wɪθ ə ˌriəˈlɪstɪk græsp əv haʊ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən wərks, huz ˈmɑdərˌeɪt (ənd ˈmɑdəst) ˈpɑləsi eɪmz maɪt, ˌriəˈlɪstɪkli, bi ɛˈnæktəd. ɪt ˈɔfən saʊnz ɛz ɪf ˈsɛntrəl pɪʧ tɪ ˈvoʊtərz ðət ʃi həz ə ˈmɔrəl ˈvɪʒən fər ðə ˈkəntri, bət ðət ʃi oʊnz ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ɔn ˈriəlɪzm. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt: ˈbərni, ˈminˌwaɪl, ɪz ʤɪst ə rub huz ɛz ə ˈkɑŋgrəsmən ənd ˈsɛnətər həz ˈsəmˌhaʊ feɪld tɪ ˌɪnˈstɪl ɪn ɪm ən əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən fər ðə twɪn pleɪgz əv ənd ˈgrɪˌdlɑk. fər ˈjuˈɛs bɪˈnaɪtɪd ˈhɪpiz, ðə ˈstændərd æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪz ðət ɑr mæn ˌəndərˈstændz ɔl tu wɛl ðə ˈmægnəˌtud əv dɪsˈfəŋkʃən, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən: tɪ əˈblɪtərˌeɪt ðə moʊst ˈheɪnəs ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə ˈstætəs kwoʊ, ˈstɑrtɪŋ wɪθ ɪˈlɛkʃənz. aɪ ˈhæpən tɪ əˈgri wɪθ ðɪs. bət ə ˈsædər ənd mɔr ˈpɔɪntɪd rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˌriˈæləˌti brɪˈgeɪd. ˈneɪmli, ðət ðeɪ nid tɪ feɪs ðə ˌriˈæləˌti əv wət ðə 2016 ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi laɪk wɪθ ˈhɪləri æt ðə tɔp əv ðə ˈtɪkɪt. ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ ˈaʊˌtlaɪn ðət ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈʃɪtˌstɔrm, lɛt mi ˈɪʃu ə fju (ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈpɔɪntləs) ˈkeɪviˌæts. fərst, aɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf wɑz ə ˈhɪləri səˈpɔrtər ənˈtɪl ˈsændərz ˈɛnərd ðə reɪs. (mɔr prɪˈsaɪsli, ənˈtɪl aɪ rɛd hɪz ˈpɑləsi pəˈzɪʃənz.) ˈsɛkənd, aɪ wɪl ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪkli səˈpɔrt ˈhɪləri wɪn ənd ɪf ʃi ɪz ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd. jɪrz əˈgoʊ, aɪ ˈɪntərvˌjud ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ənd aɪ seɪ naʊ wət aɪ sɛd ðɛn: ʃi ɪz ə ˈbrɪljənt ənd kəmˈpæʃənət ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvənt. ɪf ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri wər beɪst ɔn ˈpɑləsi pəˈzɪʃənz ənd ˈmɔrəl ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən, ɔn haʊ iʧ ˈkænədɪt hoʊps tɪ sɑlv ˈkɑmən ˈkraɪsiz əv steɪt, ˈklɪntən wʊd wɪn goʊɪŋ əˈweɪ. əˈlæs, ðə ˌriˈæləˌti ɪz ðət ˈhɪləri ɪz əˈməŋ ðə moʊst ˈheɪtɪd ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. ðɛr ɪz, tɪ bɪˈgɪn wɪθ, hər ˈdɪzməl ˌfævərəˈbɪlɪti ˈreɪtɪŋ, wɪʧ stændz æt 53 pərˈsɛnt, wɪθ ə nɛt ˈnɛgətɪv əv 12 pərˈsɛnt. (ˈsændərz həz ə nɛt ˈpɑzətɪv əv 12 pərˈsɛnt.) ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt: bət ˈivɪn mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪz ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti əv ðə ˈænɪməs əˈgɛnst hər, ənd ðə sæd ˈmaʊntən əv ˈbægɪʤ ʃi ˈkɛriz wɪθ hər ɛz ə ˈkænədɪt. noʊ ˈmætər hu ðə ˌnɑməˈni ɪz, ðə ˈbætəl plæn əˈgɛnst ˈhɪləri wɪl bi ðə seɪm: ə ˈtɔdri ənd ˌənriˈlɛntɪŋ əv ɔl ðə ˈfoʊni ˈskændəlz kʊkt əp baɪ ðə ““vast*, conspiracy”*” ðət ʃi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈnɪrli tu ˈdɛkeɪdz əˈgoʊ. kju əp ðə pərl ʤæm, foʊks, bɪˈkəz goʊɪŋ ɔl ðə weɪ bæk tɪ ðə 90s*: ˈwaɪtˌwɔtər, ˈtrævəlˌgeɪt, troopergate*, lewinskygate*, wɪθ ə ˈlɪtəl vɪns ˈfɑstər murdergate*, fər ə dæʃ əv bləd. bət ər ʤɪst ðə ˈgoʊldən ˈoʊldiz! ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈhirɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈklɪntən faʊnˈdeɪʃən ənd ðə ˈklɪntən ˈpɑrdənz. əv kɔrs, wət rɪˈspɛktəbəl sˈlændər kæmˈpeɪn wʊd bi kəmˈplit wɪˈθaʊt ðə nu məˈtɪriəl? benghazi*, ðə ˈpraɪvət iˈmeɪl ˈsərvər, ðə wɔl strit ˈspiʧɪz? ðə dɑrk ˈkɔrpərət ˈməni ənd ˈtæləntɪd ˌprɑpəˈgændəsts əˈlaɪnd əˈgɛnst ˈhɪləri wɪl meɪk ðə swɪft boʊt ˈvɛtərənz lʊk laɪk tɔɪ ˈsoʊlʤərz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt: ənd bɪˈkəz ɑr fɔrθ ɛˈsteɪt ɪz ˈdrɪvən æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli baɪ ðə ˈdɛspərɪt pərˈmoʊʃən əv ˈskændəl ˈnɛrətɪvz ənd ˈkɑnflɪkt, ˈɛvəri wən əv ðiz peɪd əˈtæks wɪl bi ˈæmpləˌfaɪd baɪ ˈsoʊˈkɔld fri ˈmidiə, ər wət ˈjuˈɛs ˈhɪpiz juzd tɪ kɔl ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm. nɑt ˈbleɪmɪŋ ˈhɪləri fər ðɪs sæd steɪt əv əˈfɛrz. ʤɪst traɪɪŋ tɪ ðə wərd ˈlʊkɪŋ fər? ɑ jɛs, hir ɪt əˈbaʊt haʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ goʊ daʊn. rɪˈpəblɪkənz tɛnd tɪ luz wɪn ðeɪ hæv tɪ tɔk ɪn spɪˈsɪfɪk tərmz əˈbaʊt ˈpɑləsiz, praɪˈɔrətiz ənd səˈluʃənz. ðeɪ wɪn wɪn ɪˈlɛkʃənz ər rɪˈdust tɪ brɔlz ˌpərsəˈnælɪti ˈkɑntɛsts. (si reagan/carter*, bush/kerry*, ɛt æl.) ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt: bət ɪf ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɪz ðə ˌnɑməˈni, ɛz simz moʊst ˈlaɪkli raɪt naʊ, hi wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ tu ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn laɪnz əv əˈtæk əˈgɛnst ˈhɪləri. ðə fərst ɪz ðə seɪm wən ˈbərni ʤɪst juzd tɪ ˈəpˌsɛt hər ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən: ðə fækt ðət fri treɪd pækts ər ˈwaɪldli ˌənˈpɑpjələr wɪθ ˈmɛni əˈmɛrɪkənz. trəmp həz bɪn (ənd, ɛz ˈjuʒəwəl, ˈsəmˈwət fʊl əv ʃɪt) ɪn hɪz ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən əv fri treɪd, ənd ɪt həz bɪn wən əv hɪz moʊst səkˈsɛsfəl ˈpɪʧɪz. ju kən bɛt jʊr ˈbɑtəm jɛn ðət ˈhæmər ˈhɪləri ɔn ðɪs, ɛz ɪf ʃi ˈpərsənəli wɪpt voʊts fər ˈnæftə. ɛkˈskɔriˌeɪt ˈvɛriəs fɔrmz əv ˈkroʊni ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm (dilz kət wɪθ bɪg ˈfɑrmə, ˈboʊgəs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈkɑnˌtrækts, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) ðət ˈdɛməˌkræts səʧ ɛz ˈhɪləri ˈiðər ɛnˈdɔrst ər ɪˈneɪbəld θru təˈmɪdəti. ənd blæst hər fər ˈbækɪŋ ɑr ˌbunˈdɑgəl ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk, tu. ðiz ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz wɪl bi freɪmd ɪn tərmz əv ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈnɛrətɪv: ðət ˈhɪləri ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈbɪznɪs ɛz ˈjuʒəwəl ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ðət ʤɪst əˈnəðər kərɪr pɔl bɪˈhoʊldən tɪ ðə ˈdoʊnər klæs ənd tɪ ðə wɔl strit swɛlz hu peɪd hər ˈmɪljənz tɪ dɪˈlɪvər hər ˈsikrɪt ˈspiʧɪz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt: trəmp meɪ bi ə ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈɪnsəkjər ˌædəˈlɛsənt wɪθ ə ˈpɛnʧənt fər ˌɪnˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈreɪʃəl ˈvaɪələns, bət ðə wən ˌəndɪˈnaɪəbəl ˈæˌspɛkt əv hɪz əˈpil ɪz ðət hi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ðə ˈtɑksɪk ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˈstætəs kwoʊ ənd wɪl, baɪ ʃɪr fɔrs əv ˌpərsəˈnælɪti, brɪŋ ɪt daʊn. ðɪs ˈprɑməs ɪz əˈbaʊt ɛz ˈflɪmzi ɛz ə trəmp ˌjunəˈvərsəti dɪˈploʊmɑ. bət ˈrɛzəˌneɪtɪŋ wɪθ ˈvoʊtərz hu fil ˈkɑrnəvəl əv kərˈəpʃən ɪz bɪɔnd rɪˈdɛmʃən. ɔl əv wɪʧ brɪŋz ˈjuˈɛs bæk tɪ ðət ˈkrɛʤələs weɪf frəm ˈbrʊklɪn, baɪ weɪ əv bɛn ənd jerry’s*. ˈdɑnəld trəmp kən ˈhɑlər ɔl hi wɔnts əˈbaʊt haʊ ˈkreɪzi ˈbərni ɪz ə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst. bət hi (ənd ðə ˈsupər pæks) bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ dɪˈstrækt ˈvoʊtərz baɪ ˈdɪgɪŋ əp ˈskændəlz ɪn hɪz pæst. nɔr wɪl trəmp bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ pɔrˈtreɪ ɪm ɛz ə ˈkɔrpərət stuʤ. ɪn fækt, ðə ˈʃɑkɪŋ səkˈsɛs əv ðə ˈsændərz kæmˈpeɪn ɪz ˈprɛdəˌkeɪtɪd ɔn ˈmɛni əv ðə seɪm ɛˈsɛnʃəl frəˈstreɪʃənz trəmp ɪz ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ: ˈkɔrpərət ˈɪnfluəns, weɪʤ stægˈneɪʃən, treɪd. ðɪs ɪz waɪ poʊlz kənˈsɪstəntli ʃoʊ ˈsændərz ˈbitɪŋ trəmp mɔr kənˈvɪnsɪŋli ðən ˈklɪntən dɪz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt: ðə raɪt wɪŋ noʊz haʊ tɪ goʊ ˈæftər ˈhɪləri, bɪˈkəz bɪn duɪŋ soʊ fər 30 jɪrz. wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈmidiə ənd ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ɪˈlɛktərət, ðə ˈnʊrəl ˈpæθˌweɪz hæv ɔˈrɛdi bɪn kɑrvd aʊt. ˈhɪləri ɪz dɪˈfɛnsɪv, ˈproʊˌgræmd, ˈɛθɪkəli ˈsəˌspɛkt. ðeɪ ər goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv ə mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt taɪm sˈmɪrɪŋ ə ˈkænədɪt huz ˈbɪgəst ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪtiz ər hɪz ““extreme”*” ˈpɑləsi pəˈzɪʃənz, moʊst əv wɪʧ saʊnd mɔr laɪk ə ˈkɑmən sɛns kərˈɛktɪv tɪ ðə ˌɛkˈsɛsɪz əv ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm. haɪər ˈtæksɪz ɔn ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz ənd ðə super-wealthy*? ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ɛz ə raɪt? ə haɪər ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ? ˌɪnˈkrist ˈfəndɪŋ fər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər? gʊd lək ˈdiməˌnaɪzɪŋ ðoʊz pəˈzɪʃənz, bɪg ˈdɑnəld. nən əv ðɪs ɪz tɪ səˈʤɛst ðət ˈhɪləri bit trəmp, ɪf ðeɪ wɪnd əp ɛz ðə ˌnɑməˈniz. nɔr ðət ʃi bi ə greɪt ˈprɛzɪdənt. bət ɪf ˈhɪləri səˈpɔrtərz wɔnt tɪ kleɪm ðə ˈmæntəl əv ˈriəlɪzm, ðeɪ ʃʊd stɑrt baɪ əkˈsɛptɪŋ ˈvɛri ril ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪtiz əv ðɛr ˈkænədɪt.

it happens hundreds of times a day: we press snooze on the alarm clock, we pick a shirt out of the closet, we reach for a beer in the fridge. in each case, we conceive of ourselves as free agents, consciously guiding our bodies in purposeful ways. but what does science have to say about the true source of this experience? in a classic paper published almost 20 years ago, the psychologists dan wegner and thalia wheatley made a revolutionary proposal: the experience of intentionally willing an action, they suggested, is often nothing more than a post hoc causal inference that our thoughts caused some behavior. the feeling itself, however, plays no causal role in producing that behavior. this could sometimes lead us to think we made a choice when we actually or think we made a different choice than we actually did. but a mystery here. suppose, as wegner and wheatley propose, that we observe ourselves (unconsciously) perform some action, like picking out a box of cereal in the grocery store, and then only afterwards come to infer that we did this intentionally. if this is the true sequence of events, how could we be deceived into believing that we had intentionally made our choice before the consequences of this action were observed? this explanation for how we think of our agency would seem to require supernatural backwards causation, with our experience of conscious will being both a product and an apparent cause of behavior. in a study just published in psychological science, paul bloom and i explore a to this puzzle. perhaps in the very moments that we experience a choice, our minds are rewriting history, fooling us into thinking that this was actually completed after its consequences were subconsciously a choice that we had made all along. though the precise way in which the mind could do this is still not fully understood, similar phenomena have been documented elsewhere. for example, we see the apparent motion of a dot before seeing that dot reach its destination, and we feel phantom touches moving up our arm before feeling an actual touch further up our arm. “postdictive” illusions of this sort are typically explained by noting that a delay in the time it takes information out in the world to reach conscious awareness: because it lags slightly behind reality, consciousness can “anticipate” future events that yet entered awareness, but have been encoded subconsciously, allowing for an illusion in which the experienced future alters the experienced past. in one of our studies, participants were repeatedly presented with five white circles in random locations on a computer monitor and were asked to quickly choose one of the circles in their head before one lit up red. if a circle turned red so fast that they feel like they were able to complete their choice, participants could indicate that they ran out of time. otherwise, they indicated whether they had chosen the red circle (before it turned red) or had chosen a different circle. we explored how likely people were to report a successful prediction among these instances in which they believed that they had time to make a choice. unbeknownst to participants, the circle that lit up red on each trial of the experiment was selected completely randomly by our computer script. hence, if participants were truly completing their choices when they claimed to be completing one of the circles turned should have chosen the red circle on approximately 1 in 5 trials. yet participants’ reported performance deviated unrealistically far from this 20% probability, exceeding 30% when a circle turned red especially quickly. this pattern of responding suggests that participants’ minds had sometimes swapped the order of events in conscious awareness, creating an illusion that a choice had preceded the color change when, in fact, it was biased by it. importantly, participants’ reported choice of the red circle dropped down near 20% when the delay for a circle to turn red was long enough that the subconscious mind could no longer play this trick in consciousness and get wind of the color change before a conscious choice was completed. this result ensured that participants simply trying to deceive us (or themselves) about their prediction abilities or just liked reporting that they were correct. in fact, the people who showed our illusion were often completely unaware of their performance when asked about it in debriefing after the experiment was over. moreover, in a related experiment, we found that the bias to choose correctly was not driven by confusion or uncertainty about what was chosen: even when participants were highly confident in their choice, they showed a tendency to “choose” correctly at an impossibly high rate. taken together, these findings suggest that we may be systematically misled about how we make choices, even when we have strong to the contrary. why, though, would our minds fool us in such a seemingly silly way in the first place? this illusion wreak havoc on our mental lives and behavior? maybe not. perhaps the illusion can simply be explained by appeal to limits in the perceptual processing, which only messes up at the very short time scales measured in our (or similar) experiments and which are unlikely to affect us in the real world. a more speculative possibility is that our minds are designed to distort our perception of choice and that this distortion is an important feature (not simply a bug) of our cognitive machinery. for example, if the experience of choice is a kind of causal inference, as wegner and wheatley suggest, then swapping the order of choice and action in conscious awareness may aid in the understanding that we are physical beings who can produce effects out in the world. more broadly, this illusion may be central to developing a belief in free will and, in turn, motivating punishment. yet, whether or not there are advantages to believing more in control of our lives than we actually are, clear that the illusion can go too far. while a distortion in time experience may be no big deal, distortions at longer might plague people with mental illnesses like schizophrenia and bipolar substantially and harmfully warp fundamental views about the world. people with such illnesses may begin to believe that they can control the weather or that they have an uncanny ability to predict other behavior. in extreme cases, they may even conclude that they have powers. it remains to be seen just how much the illusion of choice that we observe in our experiments connects to these aspects of daily life and mental illness. the illusion may only apply to a small set of our choices that are made quickly and without too much thought. or it may be pervasive and all aspects of our behavior, from our most minute to our most important decisions. most likely, the truth lies somewhere in between these extremes. whatever the case may be, our studies add to a growing body of work suggesting that even our most seemingly ironclad beliefs about our own agency and conscious experience can be dead wrong.

ɪt ˈhæpənz ˈhənərdz əv taɪmz ə deɪ: wi prɛs snuz ɔn ðə əˈlɑrm klɑk, wi pɪk ə ʃərt aʊt əv ðə ˈklɑzət, wi riʧ fər ə bɪr ɪn ðə frɪʤ. ɪn iʧ keɪs, wi kənˈsiv əv ɑrˈsɛlvz ɛz fri ˈeɪʤənts, ˈkɑnʃəsli ˈgaɪdɪŋ ɑr ˈbɑdiz ɪn ˈpərpəsfəl weɪz. bət wət dɪz saɪəns hæv tɪ seɪ əˈbaʊt ðə tru sɔrs əv ðɪs ɪkˈspɪriəns? ɪn ə ˈklæsɪk ˈpeɪpər ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɔlˌmoʊst 20 jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ðə saɪˈkɑləʤəsts dæn ˈwɛgnər ənd ˈθeɪljə ˈwitli meɪd ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri prəˈpoʊzəl: ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli ˈwɪlɪŋ ən ˈækʃən, ðeɪ səˈʤɛstɪd, ɪz ˈɔfən ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən ə poʊst hɑk ˈkɔzəl ˈɪnfərəns ðət ɑr θɔts kɔzd səm bɪˈheɪvjər. ðə ˈfilɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, pleɪz noʊ ˈkɔzəl roʊl ɪn prəˈdusɪŋ ðət bɪˈheɪvjər. ðɪs kʊd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz lɛd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ θɪŋk wi meɪd ə ʧɔɪs wɪn wi ˈæˌkʧuəli ər θɪŋk wi meɪd ə ˈdɪfərənt ʧɔɪs ðən wi ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪd. bət ə ˈmɪstəri hir. səˈpoʊz, ɛz ˈwɛgnər ənd ˈwitli prəˈpoʊz, ðət wi əbˈzərv ɑrˈsɛlvz (ˌənˈkɑnʃəsli) pərˈfɔrm səm ˈækʃən, laɪk ˈpɪkɪŋ aʊt ə bɑks əv ˈsɪriəl ɪn ðə ˈgroʊsəri stɔr, ənd ðɛn ˈoʊnli ˈæftərwərdz kəm tɪ ˌɪnˈfər ðət wi dɪd ðɪs ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli. ɪf ðɪs ɪz ðə tru ˈsikwəns əv ɪˈvɛnts, haʊ kʊd wi bi dɪˈsivd ˈɪntu bɪˈlivɪŋ ðət wi hæd ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli meɪd ɑr ʧɔɪs ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ðɪs ˈækʃən wər əbˈzərvd? ðɪs ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər haʊ wi θɪŋk əv ɑr ˈeɪʤənsi wʊd sim tɪ ˌrikˈwaɪər ˌsupərˈnæʧərəl ˈbækwərdz ˌkɔˈzeɪʃən, wɪθ ɑr ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ˈkɑnʃəs wɪl biɪŋ boʊθ ə ˈprɑdəkt ənd ən əˈpɛrənt kɔz əv bɪˈheɪvjər. ɪn ə ˈstədi ʤɪst ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl saɪəns, pɔl blum ənd aɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ə tɪ ðɪs ˈpəzəl. pərˈhæps ɪn ðə ˈvɛri ˈmoʊmənts ðət wi ɪkˈspɪriəns ə ʧɔɪs, ɑr maɪndz ər riˈraɪtɪŋ ˈhɪstəri, ˈfulɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈɪntu ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðət ðɪs wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli kəmˈplitɪd ˈæftər ɪts ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz wər səbˈkɑnʃəsli ə ʧɔɪs ðət wi hæd meɪd ɔl əˈlɔŋ. ðoʊ ðə prɪˈsaɪs weɪ ɪn wɪʧ ðə maɪnd kʊd du ðɪs ɪz stɪl nɑt ˈfʊli ˌəndərˈstʊd, ˈsɪmələr fəˈnɑmənə hæv bɪn ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ˈɛlsˌwɛr. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wi si ðə əˈpɛrənt ˈmoʊʃən əv ə dɑt ˌbiˈfɔr siɪŋ ðət dɑt riʧ ɪts ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən, ənd wi fil ˈfænəm ˈtəʧɪz ˈmuvɪŋ əp ɑr ɑrm ˌbiˈfɔr ˈfilɪŋ ən ˈækʧəwəl təʧ ˈfərðər əp ɑr ɑrm. ““postdictive”*” ˌɪˈluʒənz əv ðɪs sɔrt ər ˈtɪpɪkəli ɪkˈspleɪnd baɪ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ə dɪˈleɪ ɪn ðə taɪm ɪt teɪks ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən aʊt ɪn ðə wərld tɪ riʧ ˈkɑnʃəs əˈwɛrnəs: bɪˈkəz ɪt lægz sˈlaɪtli bɪˈhaɪnd ˌriˈæləˌti, ˈkɑnʃəsnəs kən ““anticipate”*” fˈjuʧər ɪˈvɛnts ðət jɛt ˈɛnərd əˈwɛrnəs, bət hæv bɪn ɛnˈkoʊdɪd səbˈkɑnʃəsli, əˈlaʊɪŋ fər ən ˌɪˈluʒən ɪn wɪʧ ðə ɪkˈspɪriənst fˈjuʧər ˈɔltərz ðə ɪkˈspɪriənst pæst. ɪn wən əv ɑr ˈstədiz, pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wər rɪˈpitɪdli pərˈzɛnəd wɪθ faɪv waɪt ˈsərkəlz ɪn ˈrændəm loʊˈkeɪʃənz ɔn ə kəmˈpjutər ˈmɑnətər ənd wər æst tɪ kˈwɪkli ʧuz wən əv ðə ˈsərkəlz ɪn ðɛr hɛd ˌbiˈfɔr wən lɪt əp rɛd. ɪf ə ˈsərkəl tərnd rɛd soʊ fæst ðət ðeɪ fil laɪk ðeɪ wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ kəmˈplit ðɛr ʧɔɪs, pɑrˈtɪsəpənts kʊd ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðeɪ ræn aʊt əv taɪm. ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ðeɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ˈwɛðər ðeɪ hæd ˈʧoʊzən ðə rɛd ˈsərkəl (ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt tərnd rɛd) ər hæd ˈʧoʊzən ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈsərkəl. wi ɪkˈsplɔrd haʊ ˈlaɪkli ˈpipəl wər tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ə səkˈsɛsfəl priˈdɪkʃən əˈməŋ ðiz ˈɪnstənsɪz ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ bɪˈlivd ðət ðeɪ hæd taɪm tɪ meɪk ə ʧɔɪs. ənbiˈnoʊnst tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəpənts, ðə ˈsərkəl ðət lɪt əp rɛd ɔn iʧ traɪəl əv ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt wɑz səˈlɛktɪd kəmˈplitli ˈrændəmli baɪ ɑr kəmˈpjutər skrɪpt. hɛns, ɪf pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wər ˈtruli kəmˈplitɪŋ ðɛr ˈʧɔɪsɪz wɪn ðeɪ kleɪmd tɪ bi kəmˈplitɪŋ wən əv ðə ˈsərkəlz tərnd ʃʊd hæv ˈʧoʊzən ðə rɛd ˈsərkəl ɔn əˈprɑksəmətli 1 ɪn 5 traɪəlz. jɛt participants’*’ ˌriˈpɔrtəd pərˈfɔrməns ˈdiviˌeɪtɪd ənˌriəˈlɪstɪkli fɑr frəm ðɪs 20 ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti, ɪkˈsidɪŋ 30 wɪn ə ˈsərkəl tərnd rɛd əˈspɛʃəli kˈwɪkli. ðɪs ˈpætərn əv rɪˈspɑndɪŋ səˈʤɛsts ðət participants’*’ maɪndz hæd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz swɔpt ðə ˈɔrdər əv ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ˈkɑnʃəs əˈwɛrnəs, kriˈeɪtɪŋ ən ˌɪˈluʒən ðət ə ʧɔɪs hæd prɪˈsidɪd ðə ˈkələr ʧeɪnʤ wɪn, ɪn fækt, ɪt wɑz baɪəst baɪ ɪt. ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, participants’*’ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ʧɔɪs əv ðə rɛd ˈsərkəl drɑpt daʊn nɪr 20 wɪn ðə dɪˈleɪ fər ə ˈsərkəl tɪ tərn rɛd wɑz lɔŋ ɪˈnəf ðət ðə səbˈkɑnʃəs maɪnd kʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər pleɪ ðɪs trɪk ɪn ˈkɑnʃəsnəs ənd gɪt wɪnd əv ðə ˈkələr ʧeɪnʤ ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˈkɑnʃəs ʧɔɪs wɑz kəmˈplitɪd. ðɪs rɪˈzəlt ɪnˈʃʊrd ðət pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈsɪmpli traɪɪŋ tɪ dɪˈsiv ˈjuˈɛs (ər ðɛmˈsɛlvz) əˈbaʊt ðɛr priˈdɪkʃən əˈbɪləˌtiz ər ʤɪst laɪkt rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ðət ðeɪ wər kərˈɛkt. ɪn fækt, ðə ˈpipəl hu ʃoʊd ɑr ˌɪˈluʒən wər ˈɔfən kəmˈplitli ˌənəˈwɛr əv ðɛr pərˈfɔrməns wɪn æst əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪn dɪˈbrifɪŋ ˈæftər ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt wɑz ˈoʊvər. mɔˈroʊvər, ɪn ə rɪˈleɪtɪd ɪkˈspɛrəmənt, wi faʊnd ðət ðə baɪəs tɪ ʧuz kərˈɛktli wɑz nɑt ˈdrɪvən baɪ kənfˈjuʒən ər ənˈsərtənti əˈbaʊt wət wɑz ˈʧoʊzən: ˈivɪn wɪn pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wər ˈhaɪli ˈkɑnfədənt ɪn ðɛr ʧɔɪs, ðeɪ ʃoʊd ə ˈtɛndənsi tɪ ““choose”*” kərˈɛktli æt ən ˌɪmˈpɑsəbli haɪ reɪt. ˈteɪkən təˈgɛðər, ðiz ˈfaɪndɪŋz səˈʤɛst ðət wi meɪ bi ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli mɪsˈlɛd əˈbaʊt haʊ wi meɪk ˈʧɔɪsɪz, ˈivɪn wɪn wi hæv strɔŋ tɪ ðə ˈkɑntrɛri. waɪ, ðoʊ, wʊd ɑr maɪndz ful ˈjuˈɛs ɪn səʧ ə ˈsimɪŋli ˈsɪli weɪ ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs? ðɪs ˌɪˈluʒən rik ˈhævək ɔn ɑr ˈmɛntəl lɪvz ənd bɪˈheɪvjər? ˈmeɪbi nɑt. pərˈhæps ðə ˌɪˈluʒən kən ˈsɪmpli bi ɪkˈspleɪnd baɪ əˈpil tɪ ˈlɪmɪts ɪn ðə pərˈsɛpʧəwəl ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ, wɪʧ ˈoʊnli ˈmɛsɪz əp æt ðə ˈvɛri ʃɔrt taɪm skeɪlz ˈmɛʒərd ɪn ɑr (ər ˈsɪmələr) ɪkˈspɛrəmənts ənd wɪʧ ər ənˈlaɪkli tɪ əˈfɛkt ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðə ril wərld. ə mɔr ˈspɛkjələtɪv ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ɪz ðət ɑr maɪndz ər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ dɪˈstɔrt ɑr pərˈsɛpʃən əv ʧɔɪs ənd ðət ðɪs dɪˈstɔrʃən ɪz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfiʧər (nɑt ˈsɪmpli ə bəg) əv ɑr ˈkɑgnɪtɪv məˈʃinəri. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪf ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ʧɔɪs ɪz ə kaɪnd əv ˈkɔzəl ˈɪnfərəns, ɛz ˈwɛgnər ənd ˈwitli səˈʤɛst, ðɛn sˈwɑpɪŋ ðə ˈɔrdər əv ʧɔɪs ənd ˈækʃən ɪn ˈkɑnʃəs əˈwɛrnəs meɪ eɪd ɪn ðə ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðət wi ər ˈfɪzɪkəl biɪŋz hu kən ˈproʊdus ˈifɛkts aʊt ɪn ðə wərld. mɔr ˈbrɔdli, ðɪs ˌɪˈluʒən meɪ bi ˈsɛntrəl tɪ dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ə bɪˈlif ɪn fri wɪl ənd, ɪn tərn, ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtɪŋ ˈpənɪʃmənt. jɛt, ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðɛr ər ædˈvæntɪʤɪz tɪ bɪˈlivɪŋ mɔr ɪn kənˈtroʊl əv ɑr lɪvz ðən wi ˈæˌkʧuəli ər, klɪr ðət ðə ˌɪˈluʒən kən goʊ tu fɑr. waɪl ə dɪˈstɔrʃən ɪn taɪm ɪkˈspɪriəns meɪ bi noʊ bɪg dil, dɪˈstɔrʃənz æt ˈlɔŋgər maɪt pleɪg ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəsɪz laɪk ˌskɪtsəˈfriniə ənd baɪˈpoʊlər səbˈstænʃəli ənd ˈhɑrmfəli wɔrp ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl vjuz əˈbaʊt ðə wərld. ˈpipəl wɪθ səʧ ˈɪlnəsɪz meɪ bɪˈgɪn tɪ bɪˈliv ðət ðeɪ kən kənˈtroʊl ðə ˈwɛðər ər ðət ðeɪ hæv ən ənˈkæni əˈbɪləˌti tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ˈəðər bɪˈheɪvjər. ɪn ɪkˈstrim ˈkeɪsɪz, ðeɪ meɪ ˈivɪn kənˈklud ðət ðeɪ hæv paʊərz. ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz tɪ bi sin ʤɪst haʊ məʧ ðə ˌɪˈluʒən əv ʧɔɪs ðət wi əbˈzərv ɪn ɑr ɪkˈspɛrəmənts kəˈnɛkts tɪ ðiz ˈæˌspɛkts əv ˈdeɪli laɪf ənd ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəs. ðə ˌɪˈluʒən meɪ ˈoʊnli əˈplaɪ tɪ ə smɔl sɛt əv ɑr ˈʧɔɪsɪz ðət ər meɪd kˈwɪkli ənd wɪˈθaʊt tu məʧ θɔt. ər ɪt meɪ bi pərˈveɪsɪv ənd ɔl ˈæˌspɛkts əv ɑr bɪˈheɪvjər, frəm ɑr moʊst ˈmɪnət tɪ ɑr moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt dɪˈsɪʒənz. moʊst ˈlaɪkli, ðə truθ laɪz ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn bɪtˈwin ðiz ɪkˈstrimz. ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə keɪs meɪ bi, ɑr ˈstədiz æd tɪ ə groʊɪŋ ˈbɑdi əv wərk səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ˈivɪn ɑr moʊst ˈsimɪŋli ˈaɪərnˌklæd bɪˈlifs əˈbaʊt ɑr oʊn ˈeɪʤənsi ənd ˈkɑnʃəs ɪkˈspɪriəns kən bi dɛd rɔŋ.

cards against humanity, before it became entertainment for a generation raised on the internet and saddled with a backward idea of political correctness, began as a crowdsourced, printable game created by a group of old high school friends. a 2011 campaign produced the actual cards. in the promotional video, introduced to half a dozen white guys who explain that for “horrible people,” or at least the type of people who like to jokingly describe themselves as such. recently, for a black friday promotion, they sent people boxes of actual bullshit. that sort of thing. the concept is simple: one person throws out a prompt card, and the rest of the players have to supply the missing words with cards bearing phrases like “pooping back and forth forever” and “not giving a shit about the third world.” the founders promise that the game is “as despicable and awkward as you and your friends.” their success is startling: cards against humanity is the no. 1 bestseller in amazon toys & games, with five expansion sets to date, three holiday packs, and bundles with themes like “nostalgia” and “science.” there are more than reviews on amazon. “that’s a level of devotion that be explained by shock value alone,” wrote nick summers in business insider, as “the humor is calibrated to startle without being outright offensive.” well, not exactly true. the first time i played cards against humanity, i remember having ever laughed so hard. it was at a engagement party, with 10 people i knew better than just about anyone, our faces turning red and streaming with tears as we envisioned a zoo lion, a frolicking antelope, and micropenises: the musical. the hilarity lived in the shock, and each card had us doubled over almost before we could read it. you’re the “horrible person” who played the cards in the first place. not the fault. the second time i played, i still laughed a lot, though i started recognizing all the cards. the third time, i realized that some made me uncomfortable. the fifth time i played, i was thankful that my friend had brought an expansion pack, because there are only so many times i can cackle at the idea of glenn beck in a squealing hog. played it about a dozen times, and now starting to make a conscious effort to avoid it. the problems with the game are obvious and two-pronged. on the innocuous side, shock value is a large part of the draw, and it gets old all the expansion packs encouraged to buy, each promising further blows to the “easily offended.” the white cards are designed as to the black cards’ setups. what may be a straightforward concept on its own (“the trail of tears”) only transforms into something questionable when paired with “instead of coal, santa now gives bad children _______.” this folds into the other issue: the bar for acceptable is set by white guys. “a big dick” would be a funny enough response card, but opts for “a big, black dick” (and, in the expansion pack, “a bigger, blacker dick”). blackness is supposed to send it over the top. other white cards considered hilarious include “roofies,” “a sassy black woman,” “praying the gay away,” and “two midgets shitting into a bucket.” the plausibly of rape culture, anti-blackness, homophobia, and are visible just below the gauze, but hey, the “horrible person” who played them in the first place. not the fault. “i think the game perpetuates a pretty nasty culture: ‘hey, look how enlightened i am because beyond and can make nasty jokes about it!’” said adrienne ciskey, a game designer. “it comes across as a game for overly privileged hipsters who believe they are entitled to this lifestyle where everyone worships them to feel ‘in’ on the joke.” she also introduced me to the phrase “real law”: “don’t be a dick, unless being a dick in certain situations.” the line about comedy is that no topic should be taboo, and i agree with that. but the more “controversial” the subject, the more carefully it needs to be handled. a good comedian can make a joke about a celebrity, but a great comedian is the one who can gracefully craft a joke about something darker without making the subject the butt of the joke. lets us become the comedians, giving us the setups and the to mix and match. the trouble is that not great comedians. the game relies on the concept of the offender, someone who makes fun of all religions, races, sexes, and anything else. instead of punching up, ready to just punch. it also relies on a bit of bullying over the idea of being “easily offended.” it is “not for the easily offended.” it is a “political-correctness-free zone.” if the easily offended type, you even look at the cards. and you want to be one of those, would you? cards against humanity has literally abandoned all chill. jacks (@jackkiemarrie) december 17, 2014 a quick look at the illustrations of the cards against humanity team still shows a primarily male, primarily white group. cards against humanity according to david munk, one of the designers, the team is aware of the cultural power they hold, and their own privileged viewpoints. “when we find that our game has bullied or marginalized people in a way that we expect, we apologize and amend the game,” he told the daily dot. “we do our best to make jokes about people and institutions in positions of cultural power, and not to bully people.” which is a good thing, for sure, but things only gets you so far. “it’s embarrassing to me that there was a time in my life [when] that was funny.” that policy also differs from what “core team member” ben said in 2011: “several times, [in testing the game], people have left the room crying. but ok with that. that means the game works!” he suggested removing cards if upsetting, placing the burden on those playing, as if anticipating possible outrage is a waste of the time. the sorry if you were offended of card games. entirely possible that in the three years since was interviewed, the designers have internalized that fewer people should leave the room crying when playing the game, but the plan still seems to be to see what they can “get away with” before enough people speak up. so what makes the cut? this holiday pack, titled “ten days or whatever of kwanzaa,” was a sort of advent calendar where people were mailed daily-themed gifts (including that line mentioned above) for 10 days. i admit it gave me pause, as kwanzaa is certainly not in the position of cultural power that christmas occupies. “the joke to us is that we (the white authors of the game) bother to research that there are actually seven days of kwanzaa,” said munk. “it’s a joke that we meant to poke fun at white privilege, ignorance, and laziness.” has also done its part to use the campaign for good. the profits from that box of bullshit were donated to heifer international, and last year they gave more than $100,000 to to fund public schools. but what was meant as a commentary on the type of person who would dismiss kwanzaa can simply turn into yet another way to dismiss kwanzaa, as evidenced by the number of people who the title as “kwanzaa or whatever” on twitter. are the jokes too smart for their target audience, or are the boys just too cavalier with material that can be quickly misconstrued? i get why cards against humanity can ‘get away’ with a joke like this. none of them & a lot of us, know anyone who celebrates kwanzaa. isaiah t. taylor (@bboy_izilla) november 12, 2014 (sorry, this embed was not found.) cah does seem to understand that comedy still requires social responsibility, especially as people speak out more about the cards they find disturbing. in june, max temkin said he had pulled the “passable transvestites” card after jonah miller, a transgender player, posted a photo of himself burning the caption “death to his tumblr. temkin admitted that he regretted the card and called it a “mean, cheap joke.” “it’s embarrassing to me that there was a time in my life [when] that was funny,” he wrote. white cards still include “copping a feel” and “surprise sex!” meanwhile, miller faced backlash from around the web. many criticized his choice to burn a card but continue playing with other cards that are arguably racist, sexist, or otherwise offensive. miller eventually wrote a follow-up post, admitting, “i was only looking at the issues which affected me personally, and i was allowing myself to find everything else funny because i the person to whom directed.” presumably, cards against humanity should be thinking like miller, anticipating the pain of seeing a card directed at you and with that, parsing which cards provide a light tease and which are actually hurtful, instead of waiting for fans to force their removal. the list of changes to the lineup is extensive, and includes many justified deletions. but an equal number of harmless cards fall by the wayside, and for every “dwarf tossing” lost, a “robust mongoloid” or “chunks of dead prostitute” that stays or gets added. complicating matters further is an accusation of sexual harassment against max temkin. in a blog post addressing the topic, temkin writes like a considerate, understanding person about sexual assault and rape culture. he said his lawyer told him have a strong libel case, but he take legal action because “not wild about the precedent that sets for other women to come forward in cases of actual sexual assault.” hard to tell if a legitimate ally or just looking for feminist brownie points. most women i know lose the ability to distinguish, having been burned too many times. in the end, he vowed to keep being a “feminist” and hiring women, and reminded us that “we removed all of the ‘rape’ jokes from cards against humanity years ago. continue to use the game as best we can to ‘punch up’ and not ‘punch down.’” as of this writing, white cards still include “copping a feel” and “surprise sex!” when i first began to notice the issues with the humor, i remember purposefully, smugly not playing the “my black ass” card. i figured i play it in front of a black person, so there was no reason for me to play it in a room full of white people. later that summer, a black friend told me how much she loved the game, and how she always picked the “sassy black woman” card as a winner. i was reminded that i should never make she like that card, or that any other black person would. i was also reminded that as easy to ignore sexism and racism as it is to overzealously take up a controversy on behalf of people who need you to speak for them. in an essay about the rise of the “not all men” meme, jess zimmerman wrote of the stages men must go through to overcome sexism. her insights can be applied to other forms of discrimination by those in privileged positions. once acknowledged that these power structures exist, you can learn how been socialized to accept them and benefit from them, and then take active steps to work against them. the cards against humanity team is stalled in the middle of that narrative: understanding that there is a cultural hierarchy that people, making it clear aware of the privilege they hold, attempting to use their humor to separate themselves from those who get it, and apologizing for their mistakes when called out. and faced minimal criticism, because, well, those steps are where most fail. people will apologize once they know done something wrong, but many try to avoid in the first actively seeking diverse viewpoints and hires, for example. accepted the offense, as long as the apologies are good enough. dismantling privilege matter, as long as checked yours. the hardest i ever laughed in that first cards against humanity game was when a friend answered “what ruined the school trip?” with “soup that is too hot.” perfectly absurdist, humor, evoking images of finicky fourth graders trying to send their bowls back to their teacher, asking to speak to the chef. those are the golden moments when the game becomes transcendent, when a joke can be understood across contexts, and nobody has to scan friends’ faces for potential over the card about to play. great comedy rely on a laugh that happens in spite of itself. photo via brett (cc by)

kɑrdz əˈgɛnst juˈmænɪti, ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt bɪˈkeɪm ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt fər ə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən reɪzd ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ənd ˈsædəld wɪθ ə ˈbækwərd aɪˈdiə əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl kərˈɛktnəs, bɪˈgæn ɛz ə crowdsourced*, ˈprɪntəbəl geɪm kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ə grup əv oʊld haɪ skul frɛndz. ə 2011 kæmˈpeɪn prəˈdust ðə ˈækʧəwəl kɑrdz. ɪn ðə pərˈmoʊʃənəl ˈvɪdioʊ, ˌɪntrəˈdust tɪ hæf ə ˈdəzən waɪt gaɪz hu ɪkˈspleɪn ðət fər people,”*,” ər æt list ðə taɪp əv ˈpipəl hu laɪk tɪ ˈʤoʊkɪŋli dɪˈskraɪb ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz səʧ. ˈrisəntli, fər ə blæk ˈfraɪˌdeɪ pərˈmoʊʃən, ðeɪ sɛnt ˈpipəl ˈbɑksɪz əv ˈækʧəwəl ˈbʊlˌʃɪt. ðət sɔrt əv θɪŋ. ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt ɪz ˈsɪmpəl: wən ˈpərsən θroʊz aʊt ə prɑmpt kɑrd, ənd ðə rɛst əv ðə pleɪərz hæv tɪ səˈplaɪ ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ wərdz wɪθ kɑrdz ˈbɛrɪŋ ˈfreɪzɪz laɪk bæk ənd fɔrθ forever”*” ənd ˈgɪvɪŋ ə ʃɪt əˈbaʊt ðə θərd world.”*.” ðə ˈfaʊndərz ˈprɑməs ðət ðə geɪm ɪz dɪˈspɪkəbəl ənd ˈɔkwərd ɛz ju ənd jʊr friends.”*.” ðɛr səkˈsɛs ɪz ˈstɑrtlɪŋ: kɑrdz əˈgɛnst juˈmænɪti ɪz ðə noʊ. 1 ˈbɛˈsɛlər ɪn ˈæməˌzɑn tɔɪz geɪmz, wɪθ faɪv ɪkˈspænʧən sɛts tɪ deɪt, θri ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ pæks, ənd ˈbəndəlz wɪθ θimz laɪk ““nostalgia”*” ənd ““science.”*.” ðɛr ər mɔr ðən rəvˈjuz ɔn ˈæməˌzɑn. ə ˈlɛvəl əv dɪˈvoʊʃən ðət bi ɪkˈspleɪnd baɪ ʃɑk ˈvælju alone,”*,” roʊt nɪk ˈsəmərz ɪn ˈbɪznɪs ˌɪnˈsaɪdər, ɛz ˈhjumər ɪz ˈkæləˌbreɪtəd tɪ ˈstɑrtəl wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ ˈaʊˈtraɪt offensive.”*.” wɛl, nɑt ɪgˈzæktli tru. ðə fərst taɪm aɪ pleɪd kɑrdz əˈgɛnst juˈmænɪti, aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ˈhævɪŋ ˈɛvər læft soʊ hɑrd. ɪt wɑz æt ə ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt ˈpɑrti, wɪθ 10 ˈpipəl aɪ nu ˈbɛtər ðən ʤɪst əˈbaʊt ˈɛniˌwən, ɑr ˈfeɪsɪz ˈtərnɪŋ rɛd ənd ˈstrimɪŋ wɪθ tɪrz ɛz wi ɛnˈvɪʒənd ə zu laɪən, ə ˈfrɑlɪkɪŋ ˈæntəˌloʊp, ənd micropenises*: ðə mˈjuzɪkəl. ðə hɪˈlɛrəti lɪvd ɪn ðə ʃɑk, ənd iʧ kɑrd hæd ˈjuˈɛs ˈdəbəld ˈoʊvər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌbiˈfɔr wi kʊd rɛd ɪt. ðə person”*” hu pleɪd ðə kɑrdz ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. nɑt ðə fɔlt. ðə ˈsɛkənd taɪm aɪ pleɪd, aɪ stɪl læft ə lɔt, ðoʊ aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ɔl ðə kɑrdz. ðə θərd taɪm, aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət səm meɪd mi ənˈkəmfərtəbəl. ðə fɪθ taɪm aɪ pleɪd, aɪ wɑz ˈθæŋkfəl ðət maɪ frɛnd hæd brɔt ən ɪkˈspænʧən pæk, bɪˈkəz ðɛr ər ˈoʊnli soʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz aɪ kən ˈkækəl æt ðə aɪˈdiə əv glɛn bɛk ɪn ə skˈwilɪŋ hɑg. pleɪd ɪt əˈbaʊt ə ˈdəzən taɪmz, ənd naʊ ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ meɪk ə ˈkɑnʃəs ˈɛfərt tɪ əˈvɔɪd ɪt. ðə ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ðə geɪm ər ˈɑbviəs ənd two-pronged*. ɔn ðə ˌɪˈnɑkjuəs saɪd, ʃɑk ˈvælju ɪz ə lɑrʤ pɑrt əv ðə drɔ, ənd ɪt gɪts oʊld ɔl ðə ɪkˈspænʧən pæks ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ baɪ, iʧ ˈprɑməsɪŋ ˈfərðər bloʊz tɪ ðə offended.”*.” ðə waɪt kɑrdz ər dɪˈzaɪnd ɛz tɪ ðə blæk cards’*’ ˈsɛˌtəps. wət meɪ bi ə ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd ˈkɑnsɛpt ɔn ɪts oʊn treɪl əv tears”*”) ˈoʊnli trænsˈfɔrmz ˈɪntu ˈsəmθɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənəbəl wɪn pɛrd wɪθ əv koʊl, ˈsænə naʊ gɪvz bæd ˈʧɪldrən ðɪs foʊldz ˈɪntu ðə ˈəðər ˈɪʃu: ðə bɑr fər əkˈsɛptəbəl ɪz sɛt baɪ waɪt gaɪz. bɪg dick”*” wʊd bi ə ˈfəni ɪˈnəf rɪˈspɑns kɑrd, bət ɑpts fər bɪg, blæk dick”*” (ənd, ɪn ðə ɪkˈspænʧən pæk, ˈbɪgər, ˈblækər dick”*”). ˈblæknəs ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ sɛnd ɪt ˈoʊvər ðə tɔp. ˈəðər waɪt kɑrdz kənˈsɪdərd hɪˈlɛriəs ˌɪnˈklud ““roofies,”*,” ˈsæsi blæk woman,”*,” ðə geɪ away,”*,” ənd ˈmɪʤəts ˈʃɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ə bucket.”*.” ðə ˈplɔzəbli əv reɪp ˈkəlʧər, anti-blackness*, ˌhoʊməˈfoʊbiə, ənd ər ˈvɪzəbəl ʤɪst bɪˈloʊ ðə gɔz, bət heɪ, ðə person”*” hu pleɪd ðɛm ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. nɑt ðə fɔlt. θɪŋk ðə geɪm pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪts ə ˈprɪti ˈnæsti ˈkəlʧər: ‘‘hey*, lʊk haʊ ˌɛnˈlaɪtənd aɪ æm bɪˈkəz bɪɔnd ənd kən meɪk ˈnæsti ʤoʊks əˈbaʊt it!’”*!’” sɛd ɑdriˈɛn ciskey*, ə geɪm dɪˈzaɪnər. kəmz əˈkrɔs ɛz ə geɪm fər ˈoʊvərli ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd ˈhɪpstərz hu bɪˈliv ðeɪ ər ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ ðɪs ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl wɛr ˈɛvriˌwən ˈwərʃəps ðɛm tɪ fil ‘‘in’*’ ɔn ðə joke.”*.” ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪntrəˈdust mi tɪ ðə freɪz law”*”: bi ə dɪk, ənˈlɛs biɪŋ ə dɪk ɪn ˈsərtən situations.”*.” ðə laɪn əˈbaʊt ˈkɑmədi ɪz ðət noʊ ˈtɑpɪk ʃʊd bi tæˈbu, ənd aɪ əˈgri wɪθ ðət. bət ðə mɔr ““controversial”*” ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt, ðə mɔr ˈkɛrfəli ɪt nidz tɪ bi ˈhændəld. ə gʊd kəˈmidiən kən meɪk ə ʤoʊk əˈbaʊt ə səˈlɛbrɪti, bət ə greɪt kəˈmidiən ɪz ðə wən hu kən ˈgreɪsfəli kræft ə ʤoʊk əˈbaʊt ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈdɑrkər wɪˈθaʊt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ðə bət əv ðə ʤoʊk. lɛts ˈjuˈɛs bɪˈkəm ðə kəˈmidiənz, ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ðə ˈsɛˌtəps ənd ðə tɪ mɪks ənd mæʧ. ðə ˈtrəbəl ɪz ðət nɑt greɪt kəˈmidiənz. ðə geɪm rɪˈlaɪz ɔn ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ðə əˈfɛndər, ˈsəmˌwən hu meɪks fən əv ɔl riˈlɪʤənz, ˈreɪsɪz, ˈsɛksɪz, ənd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈpənʧɪŋ əp, ˈrɛdi tɪ ʤɪst pənʧ. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈlaɪz ɔn ə bɪt əv ˈbʊliɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə aɪˈdiə əv biɪŋ offended.”*.” ɪt ɪz fər ðə ˈizəli offended.”*.” ɪt ɪz ə zone.”*.” ɪf ðə ˈizəli əˈfɛndɪd taɪp, ju ˈivɪn lʊk æt ðə kɑrdz. ənd ju wɔnt tɪ bi wən əv ðoʊz, wʊd ju? kɑrdz əˈgɛnst juˈmænɪti həz ˈlɪtərəli əˈbændənd ɔl ʧɪl. ʤæks (@jackkiemarrie*) dɪˈsɛmbər 17 2014 ə kwɪk lʊk æt ðə ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz əv ðə kɑrdz əˈgɛnst juˈmænɪti tim stɪl ʃoʊz ə praɪˈmɛrəli meɪl, praɪˈmɛrəli waɪt grup. kɑrdz əˈgɛnst juˈmænɪti əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdeɪvɪd məŋk, wən əv ðə dɪˈzaɪnərz, ðə tim ɪz əˈwɛr əv ðə ˈkəlʧərəl paʊər ðeɪ hoʊld, ənd ðɛr oʊn ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd vˈjuˌpɔɪnts. wi faɪnd ðət ɑr geɪm həz ˈbʊlid ər ˈmɑrʤənəˌlaɪzd ˈpipəl ɪn ə weɪ ðət wi ɪkˈspɛkt, wi əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz ənd əˈmɛnd ðə game,”*,” hi toʊld ðə ˈdeɪli dɑt. du ɑr bɛst tɪ meɪk ʤoʊks əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl ənd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ɪn pəˈzɪʃənz əv ˈkəlʧərəl paʊər, ənd nɑt tɪ ˈbʊli people.”*.” wɪʧ ɪz ə gʊd θɪŋ, fər ʃʊr, bət θɪŋz ˈoʊnli gɪts ju soʊ fɑr. ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ tɪ mi ðət ðɛr wɑz ə taɪm ɪn maɪ laɪf [wɪn] ðət wɑz funny.”*.” ðət ˈpɑləsi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdɪfərz frəm wət tim member”*” bɛn sɛd ɪn 2011 taɪmz, [ɪn ˈtɛstɪŋ ðə geɪm], ˈpipəl hæv lɛft ðə rum kraɪɪŋ. bət ˈoʊˈkeɪ wɪθ ðət. ðət minz ðə geɪm works!”*!” hi səˈʤɛstɪd riˈmuvɪŋ kɑrdz ɪf əpˈsɛtɪŋ, ˈpleɪsɪŋ ðə ˈbərdən ɔn ðoʊz pleɪɪŋ, ɛz ɪf ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ˈpɑsəbəl ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ɪz ə weɪst əv ðə taɪm. ðə ˈsɑri ɪf ju wər əˈfɛndɪd əv kɑrd geɪmz. ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ɪn ðə θri jɪrz sɪns wɑz ˈɪntərvˌjud, ðə dɪˈzaɪnərz hæv ˌɪnˈtərnəˌlaɪzd ðət fjuər ˈpipəl ʃʊd liv ðə rum kraɪɪŋ wɪn pleɪɪŋ ðə geɪm, bət ðə plæn stɪl simz tɪ bi tɪ si wət ðeɪ kən əˈweɪ with”*” ˌbiˈfɔr ɪˈnəf ˈpipəl spik əp. soʊ wət meɪks ðə kət? ðɪs ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ pæk, ˈtaɪtəld deɪz ər ˌwəˈtɛvər əv kwanzaa,”*,” wɑz ə sɔrt əv ˈædˌvɛnt ˈkæləndər wɛr ˈpipəl wər meɪld ˈdeɪli gɪfts (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðət laɪn ˈmɛnʃənd əˈbəv) fər 10 deɪz. aɪ ədˈmɪt ɪt geɪv mi pɔz, ɛz kˈwɑnzə ɪz ˈsərtənli nɑt ɪn ðə pəˈzɪʃən əv ˈkəlʧərəl paʊər ðət ˈkrɪsməs ˈɑkjəˌpaɪz. ʤoʊk tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ɪz ðət wi (ðə waɪt ˈɔθərz əv ðə geɪm) ˈbɑðər tɪ ˈrisərʧ ðət ðɛr ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈsɛvən deɪz əv kwanzaa,”*,” sɛd məŋk. ə ʤoʊk ðət wi mɛnt tɪ poʊk fən æt waɪt ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ, ˈɪgnərəns, ənd laziness.”*.” həz ˈɔlsoʊ dən ɪts pɑrt tɪ juz ðə kæmˈpeɪn fər gʊd. ðə ˈprɑfɪts frəm ðət bɑks əv ˈbʊlˌʃɪt wər ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd tɪ ˈhɛfər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl, ənd læst jɪr ðeɪ geɪv mɔr ðən tɪ tɪ fənd ˈpəblɪk skulz. bət wət wɑz mɛnt ɛz ə ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ɔn ðə taɪp əv ˈpərsən hu wʊd dɪsˈmɪs kˈwɑnzə kən ˈsɪmpli tərn ˈɪntu jɛt əˈnəðər weɪ tɪ dɪsˈmɪs kˈwɑnzə, ɛz ˈɛvɪdənst baɪ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl hu ðə ˈtaɪtəl ɛz ər whatever”*” ɔn tˈwɪtər. ər ðə ʤoʊks tu smɑrt fər ðɛr ˈtərgət ˈɔdiəns, ər ər ðə bɔɪz ʤɪst tu ˌkævəˈlɪr wɪθ məˈtɪriəl ðət kən bi kˈwɪkli ˌmɪskənˈstrud? aɪ gɪt waɪ kɑrdz əˈgɛnst juˈmænɪti kən away’*’ wɪθ ə ʤoʊk laɪk ðɪs. nən əv ðɛm ə lɔt əv ˈjuˈɛs, noʊ ˈɛniˌwən hu ˈsɛləˌbreɪts kˈwɑnzə. ˌaɪˈzeɪə ti. ˈteɪlər (@bboy_izilla*) noʊˈvɛmbər 12 2014 (ˈsɑri, ðɪs ɪmˈbɛd wɑz nɑt faʊnd.) dɪz sim tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ˈkɑmədi stɪl rikˈwaɪərz ˈsoʊʃəl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti, əˈspɛʃəli ɛz ˈpipəl spik aʊt mɔr əˈbaʊt ðə kɑrdz ðeɪ faɪnd dɪˈstərbɪŋ. ɪn ʤun, mæks ˈtɛmkɪn sɛd hi hæd pʊld ðə transvestites”*” kɑrd ˈæftər ˈʤoʊnə ˈmɪlər, ə ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər pleɪər, ˈpoʊstɪd ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv hɪmˈsɛlf ˈbərnɪŋ ðə ˈkæpʃən tɪ hɪz ˈtəmblər. ˈtɛmkɪn ədˈmɪtəd ðət hi rɪˈgrɛtɪd ðə kɑrd ənd kɔld ɪt ə ““mean*, ʧip joke.”*.” ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ tɪ mi ðət ðɛr wɑz ə taɪm ɪn maɪ laɪf [wɪn] ðət wɑz funny,”*,” hi roʊt. waɪt kɑrdz stɪl ˌɪnˈklud ə feel”*” ənd sex!”*!” ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈmɪlər feɪst ˈbæˌklæʃ frəm əraʊnd ðə wɛb. ˈmɛni ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd hɪz ʧɔɪs tɪ bərn ə kɑrd bət kənˈtɪnju pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ˈəðər kɑrdz ðət ər ˈɑrgjuəbli ˈreɪsɪst, ˈsɛksɪst, ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz əˈfɛnsɪv. ˈmɪlər ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli roʊt ə ˈfɑloʊˌəp poʊst, ədˈmɪtɪŋ, wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə ˈɪʃuz wɪʧ əˈfɛktɪd mi ˈpərsənəli, ənd aɪ wɑz əˈlaʊɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf tɪ faɪnd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls ˈfəni bɪˈkəz aɪ ðə ˈpərsən tɪ hum directed.”*.” prɪˈzuməbli, kɑrdz əˈgɛnst juˈmænɪti ʃʊd bi ˈθɪŋkɪŋ laɪk ˈmɪlər, ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ðə peɪn əv siɪŋ ə kɑrd dɪˈrɛktɪd æt ju ənd wɪθ ðət, ˈpɑrsɪŋ wɪʧ kɑrdz prəˈvaɪd ə laɪt tiz ənd wɪʧ ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈhərtfəl, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈweɪtɪŋ fər fænz tɪ fɔrs ðɛr rɪˈmuvəl. ðə lɪst əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈlaɪˌnəp ɪz ɪkˈstɛnsɪv, ənd ˌɪnˈkludz ˈmɛni ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd dɪˈliʃənz. bət ən ˈikwəl ˈnəmbər əv ˈhɑrmləs kɑrdz fɔl baɪ ðə ˈweɪˌsaɪd, ənd fər ˈɛvəri tossing”*” lɔst, ə mongoloid”*” ər əv dɛd prostitute”*” ðət steɪz ər gɪts ˈædɪd. ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈmætərz ˈfərðər ɪz ən ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən əv ˈsɛkʃuəl hərˈæsmənt əˈgɛnst mæks ˈtɛmkɪn. ɪn ə blɔg poʊst æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə ˈtɑpɪk, ˈtɛmkɪn raɪts laɪk ə kənˈsɪdərət, ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ˈpərsən əˈbaʊt ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt ənd reɪp ˈkəlʧər. hi sɛd hɪz ˈlɔjər toʊld ɪm hæv ə strɔŋ ˈlaɪbɛl keɪs, bət hi teɪk ˈligəl ˈækʃən bɪˈkəz waɪld əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɛsɪdənt ðət sɛts fər ˈəðər ˈwɪmən tɪ kəm ˈfɔrwərd ɪn ˈkeɪsɪz əv ˈækʧəwəl ˈsɛkʃuəl assault.”*.” hɑrd tɪ tɛl ɪf ə ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈælaɪ ər ʤɪst ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈfɛmənɪst ˈbraʊni pɔɪnts. moʊst ˈwɪmən aɪ noʊ luz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ, ˈhævɪŋ bɪn bərnd tu ˈmɛni taɪmz. ɪn ðə ɛnd, hi vaʊd tɪ kip biɪŋ ə ““feminist”*” ənd ˈhaɪrɪŋ ˈwɪmən, ənd riˈmaɪndɪd ˈjuˈɛs ðət riˈmuvd ɔl əv ðə ‘‘rape’*’ ʤoʊks frəm kɑrdz əˈgɛnst juˈmænɪti jɪrz əˈgoʊ. kənˈtɪnju tɪ juz ðə geɪm ɛz bɛst wi kən tɪ up’*’ ənd nɑt down.’”*.’” ɛz əv ðɪs ˈraɪtɪŋ, waɪt kɑrdz stɪl ˌɪnˈklud ə feel”*” ənd sex!”*!” wɪn aɪ fərst bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈnoʊtɪs ðə ˈɪʃuz wɪθ ðə ˈhjumər, aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ˈpərpəsfəli, sˈməgli nɑt pleɪɪŋ ðə blæk ass”*” kɑrd. aɪ ˈfɪgjərd aɪ pleɪ ɪt ɪn frənt əv ə blæk ˈpərsən, soʊ ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈrizən fər mi tɪ pleɪ ɪt ɪn ə rum fʊl əv waɪt ˈpipəl. ˈleɪtər ðət ˈsəmər, ə blæk frɛnd toʊld mi haʊ məʧ ʃi ləvd ðə geɪm, ənd haʊ ʃi ˈɔlˌweɪz pɪkt ðə blæk woman”*” kɑrd ɛz ə ˈwɪnər. aɪ wɑz riˈmaɪndɪd ðət aɪ ʃʊd ˈnɛvər meɪk ʃi laɪk ðət kɑrd, ər ðət ˈɛni ˈəðər blæk ˈpərsən wʊd. aɪ wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ riˈmaɪndɪd ðət ɛz ˈizi tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ˈsɛksɪzəm ənd ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ɛz ɪt ɪz tɪ ˌoʊvərˈzɛləsli teɪk əp ə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ˈpipəl hu nid ju tɪ spik fər ðɛm. ɪn ən ˈɛˌseɪ əˈbaʊt ðə raɪz əv ðə ɔl men”*” mim, ʤɛs ˈzɪmərmən roʊt əv ðə ˈsteɪʤɪz mɛn məst goʊ θru tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ˈsɛksɪzəm. hər ˈɪnˌsaɪts kən bi əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈəðər fɔrmz əv dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən baɪ ðoʊz ɪn ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd pəˈzɪʃənz. wəns ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ðiz paʊər ˈstrəkʧərz ɪgˈzɪst, ju kən lərn haʊ bɪn ˈsoʊʃəˌlaɪzd tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðɛm ənd ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ðɛm, ənd ðɛn teɪk ˈæktɪv stɛps tɪ wərk əˈgɛnst ðɛm. ðə kɑrdz əˈgɛnst juˈmænɪti tim ɪz stɔld ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðət ˈnɛrətɪv: ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðət ðɛr ɪz ə ˈkəlʧərəl ˈhaɪˌrɑrki ðət ˈpipəl, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt klɪr əˈwɛr əv ðə ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ ðeɪ hoʊld, əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ juz ðɛr ˈhjumər tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ðɛmˈsɛlvz frəm ðoʊz hu gɪt ɪt, ənd əˈpɑləˌʤaɪzɪŋ fər ðɛr mɪˈsteɪks wɪn kɔld aʊt. ənd feɪst ˈmɪnəməl ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm, bɪˈkəz, wɛl, ðoʊz stɛps ər wɛr moʊst feɪl. ˈpipəl wɪl əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz wəns ðeɪ noʊ dən ˈsəmθɪŋ rɔŋ, bət ˈmɛni traɪ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ɪn ðə fərst ˈæktɪvli ˈsikɪŋ dɪˈvərs vˈjuˌpɔɪnts ənd haɪərz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. ækˈsɛptɪd ðə əˈfɛns, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə əˈpɑləˌʤiz ər gʊd ɪˈnəf. ˌdɪsˈmæntlɪŋ ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ ˈmætər, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ʧɛkt jʊrz. ðə ˈhɑrdəst aɪ ˈɛvər læft ɪn ðət fərst kɑrdz əˈgɛnst juˈmænɪti geɪm wɑz wɪn ə frɛnd ˈænsərd ruɪnd ðə skul trip?”*?” wɪθ ðət ɪz tu hot.”*.” ˈpərfəktli əbˈsərdɪst, ˈhjumər, ɪˈvoʊkɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ˈfɪnəki fɔrθ ˈgreɪdərz traɪɪŋ tɪ sɛnd ðɛr boʊlz bæk tɪ ðɛr ˈtiʧər, ˈæskɪŋ tɪ spik tɪ ðə ʃɛf. ðoʊz ər ðə ˈgoʊldən ˈmoʊmənts wɪn ðə geɪm bɪˈkəmz trænˈsɛndənt, wɪn ə ʤoʊk kən bi ˌəndərˈstʊd əˈkrɔs ˈkɑnˌtɛksts, ənd ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi həz tɪ skæn friends’*’ ˈfeɪsɪz fər pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈoʊvər ðə kɑrd əˈbaʊt tɪ pleɪ. greɪt ˈkɑmədi rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ə læf ðət ˈhæpənz ɪn spaɪt əv ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈviə brɛt (ˈsiˈsi baɪ

(cnn) maybe you noticed that some target stores have signs in the toy department for "building sets" and "girls' building sets." perhaps, like bechtel, you questioned the need for the distinction. the ohio mother a picture of the signs in a green, ohio, store with the caption, "don't do this, target." she found that many people agreed marketing toys by gender is "regressive and harmful." the picture was more than times and prompted dozens of supportive responses. but toymakers and distributors like target say consumer demand is the reason for the labeling, reviving the old chicken and egg argument about who's to blame for toys -- toymakers or consumers. stores organize products and market them based on consumer feedback, said toy trends specialist adrienne appell. "they're categorized in a way that's easier for the general population to find," said appell, a spokeswoman for the toy industry association, a trade group that represents toymakers. read more

(ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn) ˈmeɪbi ju ˈnoʊtɪst ðət səm ˈtərgət stɔrz hæv saɪnz ɪn ðə tɔɪ dɪˈpɑrtmənt fər "ˈbɪldɪŋ sɛts" ənd "gərlz' ˈbɪldɪŋ sɛts." pərˈhæps, laɪk ˌbɛkˈtɛl, ju kˈwɛsʧənd ðə nid fər ðə dɪˈstɪŋkʃən. ðə oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˈməðər ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə saɪnz ɪn ə grin, oʊˈhaɪoʊ, stɔr wɪθ ðə ˈkæpʃən, "doʊnt du ðɪs, ˈtərgət." ʃi faʊnd ðət ˈmɛni ˈpipəl əˈgrid ˈmɑrkətɪŋ tɔɪz baɪ ˈʤɛndər ɪz "rəˈgrɛsɪv ənd ˈhɑrmfəl." ðə ˈpɪkʧər wɑz mɔr ðən taɪmz ənd ˈprɑmptɪd ˈdəzənz əv səˈpɔrtɪv rɪˈspɑnsɪz. bət ˈtɔɪˌmeɪkərz ənd dɪˈstrɪbjətərz laɪk ˈtərgət seɪ kənˈsumər dɪˈmænd ɪz ðə ˈrizən fər ðə ˈleɪbəlɪŋ, rɪˈvaɪvɪŋ ðə oʊld ˈʧɪkən ənd ɛg ˈɑrgjəmənt əˈbaʊt huz tɪ bleɪm fər tɔɪz ˈtɔɪˌmeɪkərz ər kənˈsumərz. stɔrz ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ˈprɑdəkts ənd ˈmɑrkɪt ðɛm beɪst ɔn kənˈsumər ˈfidˌbæk, sɛd tɔɪ trɛnz ˈspɛʃəlɪst ɑdriˈɛn ˈæpəl. "ðɛr ˈkætəgərˌaɪzd ɪn ə weɪ ðæts ˈiziər fər ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən tɪ faɪnd," sɛd ˈæpəl, ə ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən fər ðə tɔɪ ˈɪndəstri əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ə treɪd grup ðət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈtɔɪˌmeɪkərz. rɛd mɔr

loans most credit unions come into their own for loans of smaller amounts, under. many people who borrow these amounts would otherwise only be able to resort to doorstep lending or payday loans as an alternative. compared to those, credit unions have halos. see the loans section below for more info. you can also use the loan to buy white goods via co-operative electrical - this offered through more than 100 credit unions, so ask yours if it participates. another way to buy electricals is via the scheme. this is a collective buying project that allows you to pay for goods via a credit union loan as a way to avoid payday loans, weekly payment stores or loan sharks. savings all unions offer some form of savings account. the difference between these and high street accounts is that credit union savings often pay you a dividend, which is dependent on how well the credit union's done that year, rather than a confirmed interest rate. see the savings section below for more information. current accounts around 60 credit unions now offer current accounts. if your union provides a bank account facility, it'll operate very much like a basic bank account. mortgages these are only offered by a few credit unions, glasgow, & capital credit unions (all in scotland) and no 1 credit union (for police staff). however, never pick a mortgage without looking at the whole market. see cheap mortgage finding for how to locate the best deal. prepaid cards around 40 unions around the offer a prepaid card service. see the prepaid cards guide for how the cards work.

loʊnz moʊst ˈkrɛdɪt ˈjunjənz kəm ˈɪntu ðɛr oʊn fər loʊnz əv sˈmɔlər əˈmaʊnts, ˈəndər ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hu ˈbɑˌroʊ ðiz əˈmaʊnts wʊd ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈoʊnli bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈzɔrt tɪ ˈdɔrˌstɛp ˈlɛndɪŋ ər ˈpeɪˌdeɪ loʊnz ɛz ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv. kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðoʊz, ˈkrɛdɪt ˈjunjənz hæv ˈheɪloʊz. si ðə loʊnz ˈsɛkʃən bɪˈloʊ fər mɔr ˈɪnfoʊ. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ juz ðə loʊn tɪ baɪ waɪt gʊdz ˈviə ˌkoʊˈɑˌpərətɪv ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ðɪs ˈɔfərd θru mɔr ðən 100 ˈkrɛdɪt ˈjunjənz, soʊ æsk jʊrz ɪf ɪt pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪts. əˈnəðər weɪ tɪ baɪ ɪˈlɛktrɪkəlz ɪz ˈviə ðə skim. ðɪs ɪz ə kəˈlɛktɪv baɪɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkt ðət əˈlaʊz ju tɪ peɪ fər gʊdz ˈviə ə ˈkrɛdɪt ˈjunjən loʊn ɛz ə weɪ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈpeɪˌdeɪ loʊnz, ˈwikli ˈpeɪmənt stɔrz ər loʊn ʃɑrks. ˈseɪvɪŋz ɔl ˈjunjənz ˈɔfər səm fɔrm əv ˈseɪvɪŋz əˈkaʊnt. ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðiz ənd haɪ strit əˈkaʊnts ɪz ðət ˈkrɛdɪt ˈjunjən ˈseɪvɪŋz ˈɔfən peɪ ju ə ˈdɪvɪˌdɛnd, wɪʧ ɪz dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn haʊ wɛl ðə ˈkrɛdɪt ˈjunjənz dən ðət jɪr, ˈrəðər ðən ə kənˈfərmd ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪt. si ðə ˈseɪvɪŋz ˈsɛkʃən bɪˈloʊ fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˈkɑrənt əˈkaʊnts əraʊnd 60 ˈkrɛdɪt ˈjunjənz naʊ ˈɔfər ˈkɑrənt əˈkaʊnts. ɪf jʊr ˈjunjən prəˈvaɪdz ə bæŋk əˈkaʊnt fəˈsɪlɪti, ˈɪtəl ˈɔpərˌeɪt ˈvɛri məʧ laɪk ə ˈbeɪsɪk bæŋk əˈkaʊnt. ˈmɔrgɪʤɪz ðiz ər ˈoʊnli ˈɔfərd baɪ ə fju ˈkrɛdɪt ˈjunjənz, ˈglæˌskoʊ, ˈkæpɪtəl ˈkrɛdɪt ˈjunjənz (ɔl ɪn ˈskɑtlənd) ənd noʊ 1 ˈkrɛdɪt ˈjunjən (fər pəˈlis stæf). ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈnɛvər pɪk ə ˈmɔrgɪʤ wɪˈθaʊt ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə hoʊl ˈmɑrkɪt. si ʧip ˈmɔrgɪʤ ˈfaɪndɪŋ fər haʊ tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ðə bɛst dil. priˈpeɪd kɑrdz əraʊnd 40 ˈjunjənz əraʊnd ðə ˈɔfər ə priˈpeɪd kɑrd ˈsərvɪs. si ðə priˈpeɪd kɑrdz gaɪd fər haʊ ðə kɑrdz wərk.

illustrations by ben passmore you probably aren't getting into heaven if you enjoy watching new japan pro wrestling. you are, at some level, sick. that's okay; we live in a sick civilization. i'm sick too. i love watching dudes hurt each other. let's watch new japan on tv together. you don't mind if i get comfortable, right? is it weird that part of why i'm addicted to is that i barely ever know what's going on? fat yellow letters fill the bottom third: jr. tag championship time become champion. "this match," the announcer says, "is the latest in the interminable battle between chaos and the gund." duly noted. the bouts on a given episode come from different years; they're highlights from intricately cups and tournaments, the structures of which remain obscure. and now, a commercial break. "i'm... gregg allman." gregg allman says, in a tone that suggests he might not have been yesterday, "and you're watching (pause) tv." read more: in search of my childhood wrestling heroes we're back! cheesy blows in from both sides behind the logo and triumphant electric guitar fades into driving synth. a battered wrestler peers into the camera through a sunset of facial bruises; his upper and bottom lips are both split. "i will never let anyone speak lightly of super junior," he assures us via subtitle. is that a division, then? not a person, tag team or faction? who fucking cares? after no more than thirty seconds of elliptical promo, we're in the ring, inside colosseum, formerly known as osaka prefectural gymnasium," to watch a wrestler named vampire chicken get massacred. some in the audience are wearing surgical masks. there is a man pacing ringside, presumably invested in the match's outcome, though his presence is not remarked upon. he's wearing a gigantic reminiscent of battle helmet. it looks like a haunted castle is growing out of his shoulders. the outlook is grim for haggard old vampire chicken. he is facing a pretty boy hero wrestler with masters of the universe musculature, hair, and a surgically idealized face. above a lantern jaw, the hero's cheeks are round as a cabbage patch kid's. his artificially plumped bow lips smile, revealing luminous teeth. his face is uncannily ageless. without changing expression, he kicks vampire chicken in the head so hard the television shudders on the dresser; his forearm chops leave diagonal, welts. the violence is appalling and yet so compelling, so visceral, so... real. this is "strong style," the notorious japanese approach to, now available with english commentary on, a channel i had no idea existed. the english commentary is key. mauro ranallo and josh barnett are the best commentary team in decades. effortlessly in command of the details and characters, they are superlative, enriching guides to each otherwise disconnected and potentially baffling matches. their approach is sports-like, and they take the action seriously as presented, integrating bits of with flawless, technically informed play-by-play. they project a sort of bruce suavity, presiding over the broadcast like confident friends introducing you around a wild party. it's all real, you know. illustration by ben passmore ranallo, who's also announced boxing and matches, has a polished, authoritative baritone and a remarkable vocabulary. barnett, a former combat sports participant, provides an earnest, counterpoint and knows many of the wrestlers personally. barnett's anecdotes span tokyo, las vegas, and rio de janeiro, evoking a gritty, glamorous, showbiz milieu of private suites and international flights. the commentary team's enthusiasm and engagement offer a path into a product that might otherwise be bizarre. when a wrestler cheats, the announcers react with strong disapproval, and their credibility makes it work. instead of dispassionately evaluating the "heel work" of the villain, i'm nodding in agreement with my cool pals, mauro and josh, who are pissed at this asshole disrespecting the sport. i have not seen any women in, except in the audience. this is a fantasy realm populated entirely by men, though the locker room ranges in body type, fashion, and age; it's a broad palette of violent masculinity. there are young boys and faded stars, the latter variously avuncular, mummified or deranged. this is a world of dandies, pinups, bruisers, killers, and archetypal who grimace like gargoyles, bellow like gorillas, pull their own hair and bite whatever comes within range. [daily_motion'''] the number one reason to watch—arguably to watch pro wrestling at the wrestler nakamura. nakamura, to dip into japanese cinema, is a takashi character as played by a younger, more sinewy beat takeshi: an otherworldly gangster god whose face alone can hold your complete attention. in more domestic terms, nakamura is like omar in "the wire," the avatar of some mythological force; he transcends not just the show but the medium. i can try and compare him to idols from other fields, but nakamura is sui generis, a foppish, thug in a drum major's jacket who prances to the ring like michael jackson. his horrific strikes-- nakamura is "the king of strong style"-- come like the dagger inside a phantasmagoric, florid bouquet of stylized flourishes and gyrations, eccentric twists and fred astaire footwork. his face is that of man exhausted by the effort to control his own violence. nakamura seems a prisoner of his gifts; deep inner struggle is etched into his expressive features. when an opponent provokes him, nakamura appears to experience genuine moral regret, something like disgust at what he's about to unleash. his face changes: he trembles: he surrenders to whatever terrifying entity dwells inside him and launches a spinning, writhing that would cripple a plowhorse, an unforgettable mix of guitar solo and hulk smash. njpw offers a few familiar faces. there's styles, who is like the styles of except a hundred times better, and doc gallows, previously known as festus and luke gallows in, now wearing head-paint. there's also a north american wrestler named ricochet who moves like a lazy programmer forgot to assign him a weight value. apparently from earth physics, ricochet vaults and rebounds and zooms around the air at will; his conventionally newtonian opponents appear relics of an earlier evolutionary stage, trying to swat something flickering through the fourth dimension. a very strong style. illustration by ben passmore much could be said about what new japan pro wrestling on is not. it exists, of course, in contrast to the delicious mcdonald's that is only in contrast to, but as an anomaly growing in the substrate of, which remains the global arbiter of what pro wrestling is. broadcasts on are exciting, brutal and streamlined. many elements fans are accustomed to, including the soap opera storylines, are absent. the product is purer, heavier yet more sophisticated, somewhere between gonzo porn and art film. it is difficult to expound on how strange is without straying into exoticism. it is so strange, though. the audience sits in darkness, largely silent except for a scattering of yelps. the ring announcer is past parody, soaring up into a searing, falsetto while introducing each competitor. even the ring bell sounds weird, like it's made of wood. the matches are far longer, their rhythms and dynamic composition more complex. there is often a "fighting spirit" segment wherein one competitor mercilessly beats on an adversary who refuses to give up or even acknowledge the very real pain he's being subjected to. hulk hogan used to do something similar, shaking off blows when he got angry for his comeback, but his opponents did not hit even a tenth this hard. the moves are wilder: the dragon screw leg whip, the magic killer, mongolian chops and mountain bombs, heinous drivers and no wrestling fed should still allow. the wrestlers fight on through legit injuries, including broken jaws. the violence is reprehensible. i confessed my newfound fixation with to a friend whose judgment i trust, and found he shared my mix of misgiving and obsession. watching, he told me, "i feel i witness more concussions per minute than even the of world star compilations. i know i shouldn't like it, but i really, really do." njpw wrestlers practice disparate styles, a throwback to the days when featured boxers with one glove vs. a karate guy, clashes of what would seem incompatible technique. a defrosted, vintage monster, a grimacing slob who throws flailing clotheslines, goes up against a solemn, submission machine who knots opponents into flesh pretzels and chokes them out with their own legs. who the hell wins that one? will the giant fat dude really get pretzelled? what will it sound like when his tendons tear? i first came upon on by accident, at 1 a.m. in a motel room, and i'd argue that was the ideal introduction. it's quintessential late-night tv that's very rare these tv that isn't merely shown late at night but which emerges from a late-night realm, tv you shouldn't let the kids see. it's dangerous and different, gripping and gruesome, a tantalizing window into a fully formed and radically unfamiliar world. it is art, but wow, wow, wow do those motherfuckers hurt each other.

ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz baɪ bɛn ˈpɑsmɔr ju ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈɑrənt ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈhɛvən ɪf ju ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˈwɑʧɪŋ nu ʤəˈpæn proʊ ˈrɛsəlɪŋ. ju ər, æt səm ˈlɛvəl, sɪk. ðæts ˌoʊˈkeɪ; wi lɪv ɪn ə sɪk ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən. əm sɪk tu. aɪ ləv ˈwɑʧɪŋ djudz hərt iʧ ˈəðər. lɛts wɔʧ nu ʤəˈpæn ɔn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən təˈgɛðər. ju doʊnt maɪnd ɪf aɪ gɪt ˈkəmfərtəbəl, raɪt? ɪz ɪt wɪrd ðət pɑrt əv waɪ əm əˈdɪktɪd tɪ ɪz ðət aɪ ˈbɛrli ˈɛvər noʊ wəts goʊɪŋ ɔn? fæt ˈjɛloʊ ˈlɛtərz fɪl ðə ˈbɑtəm θərd: jr*. tæg ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp taɪm bɪˈkəm ˈʧæmpiən. "ðɪs mæʧ," ðə əˈnaʊnsər sɪz, "ɪz ðə ˈleɪtəst ɪn ðə ˌɪnˈtərmənəbəl ˈbætəl bɪtˈwin keɪɑs ənd ðə gund*." ˈduli ˈnoʊtɪd. ðə baʊts ɔn ə ˈgɪvɪn ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd kəm frəm ˈdɪfərənt jɪrz; ðɛr ˈhaɪˌlaɪts frəm ˈɪntrəkətli kəps ənd ˈtərnəmənts, ðə ˈstrəkʧərz əv wɪʧ rɪˈmeɪn əbˈskjʊr. ənd naʊ, ə kəˈmərʃəl breɪk. "əm... grɛg ˈɔlmən." grɛg ˈɔlmən sɪz, ɪn ə toʊn ðət səˈʤɛsts hi maɪt nɑt hæv bɪn ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, "ənd jʊr ˈwɑʧɪŋ (pɔz) ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən." rɛd mɔr: ɪn sərʧ əv maɪ ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd ˈrɛsəlɪŋ ˈhɪroʊz wɪr bæk! ˈʧizi bloʊz ɪn frəm boʊθ saɪdz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈloʊgoʊ ənd traɪˈəmfənt ɪˈlɛktrɪk gɪˈtɑr feɪdz ˈɪntu ˈdraɪvɪŋ synth*. ə ˈbætərd ˈrɛsələr pɪrz ˈɪntu ðə ˈkæmərə θru ə ˈsənˌsɛt əv ˈfeɪʃəl ˈbruzɪz; hɪz ˈəpər ənd ˈbɑtəm lɪps ər boʊθ splɪt. "aɪ wɪl ˈnɛvər lɛt ˈɛniˌwən spik ˈlaɪtli əv ˈsupər ˈʤunjər," hi əˈʃʊrz ˈjuˈɛs ˈviə ˈsəbˌtaɪtəl. ɪz ðət ə dɪˈvɪʒən, ðɛn? nɑt ə ˈpərsən, tæg tim ər ˈfækʃən? hu ˈfəkɪŋ kɛrz? ˈæftər noʊ mɔr ðən ˈθərˌdi ˈsɛkəndz əv ɪˈlɪptɪkəl ˈproʊˌmoʊ, wɪr ɪn ðə rɪŋ, ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˌkɑləˈsiəm, ˈfɔrmərli noʊn ɛz oʊˈsɑkə priˈfɛkʧərəl ʤɪmˈneɪziəm," tɪ wɔʧ ə ˈrɛsələr neɪmd ˈvæmpaɪr ˈʧɪkən gɪt ˈmæsəkərd. səm ɪn ðə ˈɔdiəns ər ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈsərʤɪkəl mæsks. ðɛr ɪz ə mæn ˈpeɪsɪŋ ˈrɪŋˌsaɪd, prɪˈzuməbli ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ɪn ðə ˈmæʧɪz ˈaʊtˌkəm, ðoʊ hɪz ˈprɛzəns ɪz nɑt rɪˈmɑrkt əˈpɑn. hiz ˈwɛrɪŋ ə ʤaɪˈgænɪk ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt əv ˈbætəl ˈhɛlmət. ɪt lʊks laɪk ə ˈhɔntɪd ˈkæsəl ɪz groʊɪŋ aʊt əv hɪz ˈʃoʊldərz. ðə ˈaʊˌtlʊk ɪz grɪm fər ˈhægərd oʊld ˈvæmpaɪr ˈʧɪkən. hi ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ə ˈprɪti bɔɪ ˈhɪroʊ ˈrɛsələr wɪθ ˈmæstərz əv ðə ˈjunəˌvərs ˈməskjələʧər, hɛr, ənd ə ˈsərʤɪkəli aɪˈdiəˌlaɪzd feɪs. əˈbəv ə ˈlæntərn ʤɔ, ðə ˈhɪroʊz ʧiks ər raʊnd ɛz ə ˈkæbɪʤ pæʧ kɪdz. hɪz ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəli pləmpt boʊ lɪps smaɪl, rɪˈvilɪŋ ˈlumənəs tiθ. hɪz feɪs ɪz ənˈkænəli ˈeɪʤləs. wɪˈθaʊt ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ɪkˈsprɛʃən, hi kɪks ˈvæmpaɪr ˈʧɪkən ɪn ðə hɛd soʊ hɑrd ðə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈʃədərz ɔn ðə ˈdrɛsər; hɪz ˈfɔˌrɑrm ʧɑps liv daɪˈægənəl, welts*. ðə ˈvaɪələns ɪz əˈpɔlɪŋ ənd jɛt soʊ kəmˈpɛlɪŋ, soʊ ˈvɪsərəl, soʊ... ril. ðɪs ɪz "strɔŋ staɪl," ðə noʊˈtɔriəs ˌʤæpəˈniz əˈproʊʧ tɪ, naʊ əˈveɪləbəl wɪθ ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ɔn, ə ˈʧænəl aɪ hæd noʊ aɪˈdiə ɪgˈzɪstəd. ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ɪz ki. ˈmɔroʊ rəˈnæloʊ ənd ʤɑʃ bɑrˈnɛt ər ðə bɛst ˈkɑmənˌtɛri tim ɪn ˈdɛkeɪdz. ˈɛfərtləsli ɪn kəˈmænd əv ðə ˈditeɪlz ənd ˈkɛrɪktərz, ðeɪ ər sʊˈpərlətɪv, ɪnˈrɪʧɪŋ gaɪdz tɪ iʧ ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˌdɪskəˈnɛktɪd ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈbæfəlɪŋ ˈmæʧɪz. ðɛr əˈproʊʧ ɪz sports-like*, ənd ðeɪ teɪk ðə ˈækʃən ˈsɪriəsli ɛz pərˈzɛnəd, ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪŋ bɪts əv wɪθ ˈflɔləs, ˈtɛknɪkəli ˌɪnˈfɔrmd play-by-play*. ðeɪ ˈprɑʤɛkt ə sɔrt əv brus suavity*, prɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæst laɪk ˈkɑnfədənt frɛndz ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ju əraʊnd ə waɪld ˈpɑrti. ɪts ɔl ril, ju noʊ. ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən baɪ bɛn ˈpɑsmɔr rəˈnæloʊ, huz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈnaʊnst ˈbɑksɪŋ ənd ˈmæʧɪz, həz ə ˈpɑlɪʃt, əˈθɔrəˌteɪtɪv ˈbɛrəˌtoʊn ənd ə rɪˈmɑrkəbəl voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri. bɑrˈnɛt, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈkɑmbæt spɔrts pɑrˈtɪsəpənt, prəˈvaɪdz ən ˈərnɪst, ˈkaʊntərˌpɔɪnt ənd noʊz ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈrɛsələrz ˈpərsənəli. bɑrˈnɛts ˈænɪkˌdoʊts spæn ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ, ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs, ənd ˈrioʊ də ʤəˈnɛˌroʊ, ɪˈvoʊkɪŋ ə ˈgrɪti, ˈglæmərəs, ˈʃoʊbɪz mɪˈljʊ əv ˈpraɪvət swits ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl flaɪts. ðə ˈkɑmənˌtɛri timz ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm ənd ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt ˈɔfər ə pæθ ˈɪntu ə ˈprɑdəkt ðət maɪt ˈəðərˌwaɪz bi bɪˈzɑr. wɪn ə ˈrɛsələr ʧits, ðə əˈnaʊnsərz riækt wɪθ strɔŋ dɪsəˈpruvəl, ənd ðɛr ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti meɪks ɪt wərk. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv dɪˈspæʃənətli ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪŋ ðə "hil wərk" əv ðə ˈvɪlən, əm ˈnɑdɪŋ ɪn əˈgrimənt wɪθ maɪ kul pælz, ˈmɔroʊ ənd ʤɑʃ, hu ər pɪst æt ðɪs ˈæshoʊl ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛktɪŋ ðə spɔrt. aɪ hæv nɑt sin ˈɛni ˈwɪmən ɪn, ɪkˈsɛpt ɪn ðə ˈɔdiəns. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈfænəsi rɛlm ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd ɪnˈtaɪərli baɪ mɛn, ðoʊ ðə ˈlɑkər rum ˈreɪnʤɪz ɪn ˈbɑdi taɪp, ˈfæʃən, ənd eɪʤ; ɪts ə brɔd ˈpælət əv ˈvaɪələnt ˌmæskjəˈlɪnəti. ðɛr ər jəŋ bɔɪz ənd ˈfeɪdɪd stɑrz, ðə ˈlætər ˈvɛriəsli əˈvəŋkjələr, ˈməmɪˌfaɪd ər dɪˈreɪnʤd. ðɪs ɪz ə wərld əv dandies*, pinups*, bruisers*, ˈkɪlərz, ənd ˈɑrkˈtaɪpəl hu ˈgrɪməs laɪk ˈgɑrˌgɔɪlz, ˈbɛloʊ laɪk gərˈɪləz, pʊl ðɛr oʊn hɛr ənd baɪt ˌwəˈtɛvər kəmz wɪˈθɪn reɪnʤ. ðə ˈnəmbər wən ˈrizən tɪ wɔʧ tɪ wɔʧ proʊ ˈrɛsəlɪŋ æt ðə ˈrɛsələr nɑkɑˈmʊrə. nɑkɑˈmʊrə, tɪ dɪp ˈɪntu ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈsɪnəmə, ɪz ə ˌtɑˈkɑʃi ˈkɛrɪktər ɛz pleɪd baɪ ə ˈjəŋgər, mɔr ˈsɪnjui bit təˈkɛʃi: ən ˈəðərˈwərldli ˈgæŋstər gɑd huz feɪs əˈloʊn kən hoʊld jʊr kəmˈplit əˈtɛnʃən. ɪn mɔr dəˈmɛstɪk tərmz, nɑkɑˈmʊrə ɪz laɪk ˈoʊmɑr ɪn "ðə waɪər," ðə ˈævəˌtɑr əv səm ˌmɪθəˈlɑʤɪkəl fɔrs; hi trænˈsɛndz nɑt ʤɪst ðə ʃoʊ bət ðə ˈmidiəm. aɪ kən traɪ ənd kəmˈpɛr ɪm tɪ ˈaɪdəlz frəm ˈəðər fildz, bət nɑkɑˈmʊrə ɪz swi generis*, ə foppish*, θəg ɪn ə drəm ˈmeɪʤərz ˈʤækɪt hu ˈprænsɪz tɪ ðə rɪŋ laɪk ˈmaɪkəl ˈʤæksən. hɪz hɔˈrɪfɪk straɪks-- nɑkɑˈmʊrə ɪz "ðə kɪŋ əv strɔŋ staɪl"-- kəm laɪk ðə ˈdægər ˌɪnˈsaɪd ə phantasmagoric*, ˈflɔrəd buˈkeɪ əv ˈstaɪˌlaɪzd ˈflərɪʃɪz ənd ʤaɪˈreɪʃənz, ˌɛkˈsɛntrɪk twɪsts ənd frɛd əˈstɛr ˈfʊtˌwərk. hɪz feɪs ɪz ðət əv mæn ɪgˈzɔstɪd baɪ ðə ˈɛfərt tɪ kənˈtroʊl hɪz oʊn ˈvaɪələns. nɑkɑˈmʊrə simz ə ˈprɪzənər əv hɪz gɪfts; dip ˈɪnər ˈstrəgəl ɪz ɛʧt ˈɪntu hɪz ɪkˈsprɛsɪv ˈfiʧərz. wɪn ən əˈpoʊnənt prəˈvoʊks ɪm, nɑkɑˈmʊrə əˈpɪrz tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈmɔrəl rɪˈgrɛt, ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk dɪsˈgəst æt wət hiz əˈbaʊt tɪ ənˈliʃ. hɪz feɪs ˈʧeɪnʤɪz: hi trembles*: hi sərˈɛndərz tɪ ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈɛntɪti dwɛlz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ɪm ənd ˈlɔnʧɪz ə ˈspɪnɪŋ, ˈrɪθɪŋ ðət wʊd ˈkrɪpəl ə plowhorse*, ən ˌənfərˈgɛtəbəl mɪks əv gɪˈtɑr ˈsoʊˌloʊ ənd həlk smæʃ. ˈɔfərz ə fju fəˈmɪljər ˈfeɪsɪz. ðɛrz staɪlz, hu ɪz laɪk ðə staɪlz əv ɪkˈsɛpt ə ˈhənərd taɪmz ˈbɛtər, ənd dɑk ˈgæloʊz, ˈpriviəsli noʊn ɛz ˈfɛstəs ənd luk ˈgæloʊz ɪn, naʊ ˈwɛrɪŋ head-paint*. ðɛrz ˈɔlsoʊ ə nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈrɛsələr neɪmd ˈrɪkəˌʃeɪ hu muvz laɪk ə ˈleɪzi ˈproʊˌgræmər fərˈgɑt tɪ əˈsaɪn ɪm ə weɪt ˈvælju. əˈpɛrəntli frəm ərθ ˈfɪzɪks, ˈrɪkəˌʃeɪ vɔlts ənd ˈriˌbaʊndz ənd zumz əraʊnd ðə ɛr æt wɪl; hɪz kənˈvɛnʃənəli nuˈtoʊniən əˈpoʊnənts əˈpɪr ˈrɛlɪks əv ən ˈərliər ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri steɪʤ, traɪɪŋ tɪ swɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈflɪkərɪŋ θru ðə fɔrθ dɪˈmɛnʃən. ə ˈvɛri strɔŋ staɪl. ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən baɪ bɛn ˈpɑsmɔr məʧ kʊd bi sɛd əˈbaʊt wət nu ʤəˈpæn proʊ ˈrɛsəlɪŋ ɔn ɪz nɑt. ɪt ɪgˈzɪsts, əv kɔrs, ɪn ˈkɑntræst tɪ ðə dɪˈlɪʃəs məkˈdɑnəldz ðət ɪz ˈoʊnli ɪn ˈkɑntræst tɪ, bət ɛz ən əˈnɑməli groʊɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsəbˌstreɪt əv, wɪʧ rɪˈmeɪnz ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈɑrbɪtər əv wət proʊ ˈrɛsəlɪŋ ɪz. ˈbrɔdˌkæsts ɔn ər ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ, ˈbrutəl ənd ˈstrimˌlaɪnd. ˈmɛni ˈɛləmənts fænz ər əˈkəstəmd tɪ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə soʊp ˈɑprə ˈstɔriˌlaɪnz, ər ˈæbsənt. ðə ˈprɑdəkt ɪz ˈpjʊrər, ˈhɛviər jɛt mɔr səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd, ˈsəmˌwɛr bɪtˈwin ˈgɑnzoʊ pɔrn ənd ɑrt fɪlm. ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ɪkˈspaʊnd ɔn haʊ streɪnʤ ɪz wɪˈθaʊt streɪɪŋ ˈɪntu exoticism*. ɪt ɪz soʊ streɪnʤ, ðoʊ. ðə ˈɔdiəns sɪts ɪn ˈdɑrknəs, ˈlɑrʤli ˈsaɪlənt ɪkˈsɛpt fər ə ˈskætərɪŋ əv yelps*. ðə rɪŋ əˈnaʊnsər ɪz pæst ˈpɛrədi, ˈsɔrɪŋ əp ˈɪntu ə ˈsɪrɪŋ, fɔlˈsɛˌtoʊ waɪl ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ iʧ kəmˈpɛtɪtər. ˈivɪn ðə rɪŋ bɛl saʊnz wɪrd, laɪk ɪts meɪd əv wʊd. ðə ˈmæʧɪz ər fɑr ˈlɔŋgər, ðɛr ˈrɪðəmz ənd daɪˈnæmɪk ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔfən ə "ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈspɪrɪt" ˌsɛgˈmɛnt wɛˈrɪn wən kəmˈpɛtɪtər ˈmərsələsli bits ɔn ən ˈædvərˌsɛri hu rɪfˈjuzɪz tɪ gɪv əp ər ˈivɪn ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðə ˈvɛri ril peɪn hiz biɪŋ səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ. həlk ˈhoʊˌgɑn juzd tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈsɪmələr, ˈʃeɪkɪŋ ɔf bloʊz wɪn hi gɑt ˈæŋgri fər hɪz ˈkəmˌbæk, bət hɪz əˈpoʊnənts dɪd nɑt hɪt ˈivɪn ə tɛnθ ðɪs hɑrd. ðə muvz ər ˈwaɪldər: ðə ˈdrægən skru lɛg wɪp, ðə ˈmæʤɪk ˈkɪlər, mɑŋˈgoʊljən ʧɑps ənd ˈmaʊntən bɑmz, ˈheɪnəs ˈdraɪvərz ənd noʊ ˈrɛsəlɪŋ fɛd ʃʊd stɪl əˈlaʊ. ðə ˈrɛsələrz faɪt ɔn θru ˈlɛʤɪt ˈɪnʤəriz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈbroʊkən ʤɔz. ðə ˈvaɪələns ɪz ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnsəbəl. aɪ kənˈfɛst maɪ ˈnuˈfaʊnd fɪkˈseɪʃən wɪθ tɪ ə frɛnd huz ˈʤəʤmənt aɪ trəst, ənd faʊnd hi ʃɛrd maɪ mɪks əv mɪsˈgɪvɪŋ ənd əbˈsɛʃən. ˈwɑʧɪŋ, hi toʊld mi, "aɪ fil aɪ ˈwɪtnəs mɔr kənˈkəʃənz pər ˈmɪnət ðən ˈivɪn ðə əv wərld stɑr ˌkɑmpəˈleɪʃənz. aɪ noʊ aɪ ˈʃʊdənt laɪk ɪt, bət aɪ ˈrɪli, ˈrɪli du." ˈrɛsələrz ˈpræktɪs ˈdɪspərɪt staɪlz, ə θˈroʊˌbæk tɪ ðə deɪz wɪn ˈfiʧərd ˈbɑksərz wɪθ wən gləv ˈvərsəz. ə kərˈɑti gaɪ, ˈklæʃɪz əv wət wʊd sim ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl tɛkˈnik. ə defrosted*, ˈvɪntɪʤ ˈmɑnstər, ə ˈgrɪməsɪŋ slɑb hu θroʊz ˈfleɪlɪŋ clotheslines*, goʊz əp əˈgɛnst ə ˈsɑləm, səbˈmɪʃən məˈʃin hu nɑts əˈpoʊnənts ˈɪntu flɛʃ ˈprɛtzəlz ənd ʧoʊks ðɛm aʊt wɪθ ðɛr oʊn lɛgz. hu ðə hɛl wɪnz ðət wən? wɪl ðə ʤaɪənt fæt dud ˈrɪli gɪt pretzelled*? wət wɪl ɪt saʊnd laɪk wɪn hɪz ˈtɛndənz tɪr? aɪ fərst keɪm əˈpɑn ɔn baɪ ˈæksədənt, æt 1 a.m*. ɪn ə moʊˈtɛl rum, ənd aɪd ˈɑrgju ðət wɑz ðə aɪˈdil ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən. ɪts kˌwɪntɪˈsɛnʃəl ˈleɪtˌnaɪt ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ðæts ˈvɛri rɛr ðiz ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ðət ˈɪzənt ˈmɪrli ʃoʊn leɪt æt naɪt bət wɪʧ ˈimərʤɪz frəm ə ˈleɪtˌnaɪt rɛlm, ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ju ˈʃʊdənt lɛt ðə kɪdz si. ɪts ˈdeɪnʤərəs ənd ˈdɪfərənt, ˈgrɪpɪŋ ənd ˈgrusəm, ə ˈtænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈwɪndoʊ ˈɪntu ə ˈfʊli fɔrmd ənd ˈrædɪkli ˌənfəˈmɪljər wərld. ɪt ɪz ɑrt, bət waʊ, waʊ, waʊ du ðoʊz ˈməðərˌfəkərz hərt iʧ ˈəðər.

criticize cops involved in the debacle? we can now expect to be arrested and face criminal prosecution. forget a civil defamation members of the ontario provincial police, aided and abetted by the crown office, have chosen the nuclear option, charging a kitchener activist with criminal defamation. (more here. needless to say, this latest assault on the right to dissent has not received much coverage in the corporate media.) from the waterloo record: dan kellar, 29, was recently charged with two counts of defamatory libel by officers in the opp squad as he left his kitchener home on a bicycle. he was also charged with counsel to assault one of the officers. police allege he published comments likely to injure the reputation of the officers by exposing them to hatred, contempt or ridicule, or that were designed to insult the officers. …kellar says the officers who arrested him are from the same unit that arrested other members and activists in connection with-related allegations. “the cop who arrested me is the one making all the arrests for conspiracy cases,” he said. he said police agents began infiltrating activist groups before the summit. the two undercover officers joined at laurier, a campus peace group], but were kicked out in the spring of 2010, before the summit, because activists feel comfortable around them, he said. …the defamatory libel charges were laid against kellar after he put out a “community alert” on’s website, peaceculture.org. kellar learned one of the officers had been spotted in toronto, and, “sent out the infiltrator police agent spotted in toronto,’” he said. in the posting, he made comments police allege are defamatory. here’s the criminal code provision, rarely invoked in this now, i guess: 298 (1) a defamatory libel is matter published, without lawful justification or excuse, that is likely to injure the reputation of any person by exposing him to hatred, contempt or ridicule, or that is designed to insult the person of or concerning whom it is published. mode of expression (2) a defamatory libel may be expressed directly or by insinuation or irony (a) in words marked on any substance; or (b) by any object signifying a defamatory libel otherwise than by words. note that the bar for a successful criminal conviction (“beyond a reasonable doubt”) is considerably higher than for a successful civil action (“balance of probabilities”). kellar’s words might exceed current legal boundaries, although they seem to me to be much more heated than many of the public comments that erupted in the aftermath of the police riot. and, given a recent court ruling, young kellar may have an ironclad defence in any least for now. i must at this point remain of the motives: “outing” an undercover officer, with a photo, is more likely at the root of this remarkable arrest. but the latter sets a disturbing precedent for those of us harshly police actions during the, and elsewhere. for good measure, kellar has also been charged with assault on a police officer: he also invited people to “spit in the footsteps” of the officer if they saw him. for that, he is charged with to assault. now, hold on a sec. not “spit on the officer,” but “spit in [his] footsteps,” the rhetorical opposite of “worship the ground he walks on,” something that too many police officers appear to expect from a compliant, citizenry. last i heard, footsteps are not part of the body, and are not protected by the criminal code. if this is the rock upon which the crown is to build a case of assault, one can only wonder at the strength of the criminal libel case, and whether this is simply punishment by process. but in a free society, we have to wonder.

ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz kɑps ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə dəˈbɑkəl? wi kən naʊ ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ bi ərˈɛstɪd ənd feɪs ˈkrɪmənəl ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən. fərˈgɛt ə ˈsɪvəl ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ɑnˈtɛrioʊ prəˈvɪnʃəl pəˈlis, ˈeɪdɪd ənd əˈbɛtɪd baɪ ðə kraʊn ˈɔfəs, hæv ˈʧoʊzən ðə ˈnukliər ˈɔpʃən, ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ə ˈkɪʧənər ˈæktɪvɪst wɪθ ˈkrɪmənəl ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən. (mɔr hir. ˈnidləs tɪ seɪ, ðɪs ˈleɪtəst əˈsɔlt ɔn ðə raɪt tɪ dɪˈsɛnt həz nɑt rɪˈsivd məʧ ˈkəvərɪʤ ɪn ðə ˈkɔrpərət ˈmidiə.) frəm ðə ˈwɔtərˌlu ˈrɛkərd: dæn ˈkɛlər, 29 wɑz ˈrisəntli ʧɑrʤd wɪθ tu kaʊnts əv dɪˈfæməˌtɔri ˈlaɪbɛl baɪ ˈɔfɪsərz ɪn ðə ɑp skwɑd ɛz hi lɛft hɪz ˈkɪʧənər hoʊm ɔn ə ˈbaɪsɪkəl. hi wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈkaʊnsəl tɪ əˈsɔlt wən əv ðə ˈɔfɪsərz. pəˈlis əˈlɛʤ hi ˈpəblɪʃt ˈkɑmɛnts ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈɪnʤər ðə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈɔfɪsərz baɪ ɪkˈspoʊzɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ˈheɪtrəd, kənˈtɛmpt ər ˈrɪdəˌkjul, ər ðət wər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˌɪnˈsəlt ðə ˈɔfɪsərz. sɪz ðə ˈɔfɪsərz hu ərˈɛstɪd ɪm ər frəm ðə seɪm ˈjunɪt ðət ərˈɛstɪd ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz ənd ˈæktɪvɪsts ɪn kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz. kɑp hu ərˈɛstɪd mi ɪz ðə wən ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɔl ðə ərˈɛsts fər kənˈspɪrəsi cases,”*,” hi sɛd. hi sɛd pəˈlis ˈeɪʤənts bɪˈgæn ˌɪnˈfɪlˌtreɪtɪŋ ˈæktɪvɪst grups ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsəmɪt. ðə tu ˌəndərˈkəvər ˈɔfɪsərz ʤɔɪnd æt laurier*, ə ˈkæmpəs pis grup], bət wər kɪkt aʊt ɪn ðə spərɪŋ əv 2010 ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsəmɪt, bɪˈkəz ˈæktɪvɪsts fil ˈkəmfərtəbəl əraʊnd ðɛm, hi sɛd. dɪˈfæməˌtɔri ˈlaɪbɛl ˈʧɑrʤɪz wər leɪd əˈgɛnst ˈkɛlər ˈæftər hi pʊt aʊt ə alert”*” ɔn ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, peaceculture.org*. ˈkɛlər ˈlərnɪd wən əv ðə ˈɔfɪsərz hæd bɪn ˈspɑtɪd ɪn tərˈɑntoʊ, ənd, aʊt ðə ˈɪnfɪlˌtreɪtər pəˈlis ˈeɪʤənt ˈspɑtɪd ɪn toronto,’”*,’” hi sɛd. ɪn ðə ˈpoʊstɪŋ, hi meɪd ˈkɑmɛnts pəˈlis əˈlɛʤ ər dɪˈfæməˌtɔri. ðə ˈkrɪmənəl koʊd prəˈvɪʒən, ˈrɛrli ˌɪnˈvoʊkt ɪn ðɪs naʊ, aɪ gɛs: 298 1 ə dɪˈfæməˌtɔri ˈlaɪbɛl ɪz ˈmætər ˈpəblɪʃt, wɪˈθaʊt ˈlɔfəl ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən ər ɪkˈskjuz, ðət ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈɪnʤər ðə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən əv ˈɛni ˈpərsən baɪ ɪkˈspoʊzɪŋ ɪm tɪ ˈheɪtrəd, kənˈtɛmpt ər ˈrɪdəˌkjul, ər ðət ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˌɪnˈsəlt ðə ˈpərsən əv ər kənˈsərnɪŋ hum ɪt ɪz ˈpəblɪʃt. moʊd əv ɪkˈsprɛʃən 2 ə dɪˈfæməˌtɔri ˈlaɪbɛl meɪ bi ɪkˈsprɛst dɪˈrɛkli ər baɪ ˌɪnˌsɪnjuˈeɪʃən ər ˈaɪrəni (ə) ɪn wərdz mɑrkt ɔn ˈɛni ˈsəbstəns; ər (bi) baɪ ˈɛni ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈsɪgnəˌfaɪɪŋ ə dɪˈfæməˌtɔri ˈlaɪbɛl ˈəðərˌwaɪz ðən baɪ wərdz. noʊt ðət ðə bɑr fər ə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈkrɪmənəl kənˈvɪkʃən ə ˈrizənəbəl doubt”*”) ɪz kənˈsɪdərəbli haɪər ðən fər ə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈsɪvəl ˈækʃən əv probabilities”*”). wərdz maɪt ɪkˈsid ˈkɑrənt ˈligəl ˈbaʊndəriz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðeɪ sim tɪ mi tɪ bi məʧ mɔr ˈhitɪd ðən ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈkɑmɛnts ðət ˌɪˈrəptɪd ɪn ðə ˈæftərˌmæθ əv ðə pəˈlis raɪət. ənd, ˈgɪvɪn ə ˈrisənt kɔrt ˈrulɪŋ, jəŋ ˈkɛlər meɪ hæv ən ˈaɪərnˌklæd dɪˈfɛns ɪn ˈɛni list fər naʊ. aɪ məst æt ðɪs pɔɪnt rɪˈmeɪn əv ðə ˈmoʊtɪvz: ““outing”*” ən ˌəndərˈkəvər ˈɔfɪsər, wɪθ ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ, ɪz mɔr ˈlaɪkli æt ðə rut əv ðɪs rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ərˈɛst. bət ðə ˈlætər sɛts ə dɪˈstərbɪŋ ˈprɛsɪdənt fər ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈhɑrʃli pəˈlis ˈækʃənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ənd ˈɛlsˌwɛr. fər gʊd ˈmɛʒər, ˈkɛlər həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ʧɑrʤd wɪθ əˈsɔlt ɔn ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər: hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ˈpipəl tɪ ɪn ðə footsteps”*” əv ðə ˈɔfɪsər ɪf ðeɪ sɔ ɪm. fər ðət, hi ɪz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ tɪ əˈsɔlt. naʊ, hoʊld ɔn ə sɛk. nɑt ɔn ðə officer,”*,” bət ɪn [hɪz] footsteps,”*,” ðə rɪˈtɔrɪkəl ˈɑpəzɪt əv ðə graʊnd hi wɔks on,”*,” ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət tu ˈmɛni pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz əˈpɪr tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt frəm ə kəmˈplaɪənt, ˈsɪtɪzənri. læst aɪ hərd, ˈfʊtˌstɛps ər nɑt pɑrt əv ðə ˈbɑdi, ənd ər nɑt prəˈtɛktɪd baɪ ðə ˈkrɪmənəl koʊd. ɪf ðɪs ɪz ðə rɑk əˈpɑn wɪʧ ðə kraʊn ɪz tɪ bɪld ə keɪs əv əˈsɔlt, wən kən ˈoʊnli ˈwəndər æt ðə strɛŋθ əv ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈlaɪbɛl keɪs, ənd ˈwɛðər ðɪs ɪz ˈsɪmpli ˈpənɪʃmənt baɪ ˈprɔˌsɛs. bət ɪn ə fri soʊˈsaɪɪti, wi hæv tɪ ˈwəndər.

by the end of 2017, every manufacturer has embraced the aspect ratio screen model. the users too have shown these new displays a lot of love and this trend will probably evolve in 2018. however, a minor adjustment that comes with the new aspect ratio is the positioning of the navigation keys. earlier, handsets used to have the physical keys just below the display. whereas now, on-screen buttons. but not everyone loves on-screen navigation buttons. so, some phone makers like apple and vivo have opted for gestures on the iphone x & vivo. now. fresh news is that the is also soon going to join their ranks and completely do away with navigation buttons. ceo, pete lau (liu zuohu), in chinese forums, talked about the virtual navigation keys. and it seems that many users too want them to get replaced by gestures. pete lau said that the feature is in the works and a future update will see it arrive. he mentioned what kind of gestures will the have. will they be exactly like the iphone x or they will mimic the vivo? this remains to be seen. it seems we might even see this new feature in the oreo stable update. however, not sure about it. meanwhile, android oreo development is ongoing for both the and hoping to see stable builds start dropping in january.

baɪ ðə ɛnd əv 2017 ˈɛvəri ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər həz ɛmˈbreɪst ðə ˈæˌspɛkt ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ skrin ˈmɑdəl. ðə ˈjuzərz tu hæv ʃoʊn ðiz nu dɪˈspleɪz ə lɔt əv ləv ənd ðɪs trɛnd wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli ɪˈvɑlv ɪn 2018 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə ˈmaɪnər əˈʤəstmənt ðət kəmz wɪθ ðə nu ˈæˌspɛkt ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ ɪz ðə pəˈzɪʃənɪŋ əv ðə ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən kiz. ˈərliər, ˈhændˌsɛts juzd tɪ hæv ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl kiz ʤɪst bɪˈloʊ ðə dɪˈspleɪ. wɛˈræz naʊ, ˈɑnˌskrin ˈbətənz. bət nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən ləvz ˈɑnˌskrin ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈbətənz. soʊ, səm foʊn ˈmeɪkərz laɪk ˈæpəl ənd ˈvivoʊ hæv ˈɑptɪd fər ˈʤɛsʧərz ɔn ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn ɛks ˈvivoʊ naʊ. frɛʃ nuz ɪz ðət ðə ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ sun goʊɪŋ tɪ ʤɔɪn ðɛr ræŋks ənd kəmˈplitli du əˈweɪ wɪθ ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈbətənz. ˈsiˌiˈoʊ, pit laʊ (lju zuohu*), ɪn ʧaɪˈniz ˈfɔrəmz, tɔkt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈvərʧuəl ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən kiz. ənd ɪt simz ðət ˈmɛni ˈjuzərz tu wɔnt ðɛm tɪ gɪt ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ ˈʤɛsʧərz. pit laʊ sɛd ðət ðə ˈfiʧər ɪz ɪn ðə wərks ənd ə fˈjuʧər ˈəpˌdeɪt wɪl si ɪt əraɪv. hi ˈmɛnʃənd wət kaɪnd əv ˈʤɛsʧərz wɪl ðə hæv. wɪl ðeɪ bi ɪgˈzæktli laɪk ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn ɛks ər ðeɪ wɪl ˈmɪmɪk ðə ˈvivoʊ ðɪs rɪˈmeɪnz tɪ bi sin. ɪt simz wi maɪt ˈivɪn si ðɪs nu ˈfiʧər ɪn ðə ˈɔrioʊ ˈsteɪbəl ˈəpˌdeɪt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, nɑt ʃʊr əˈbaʊt ɪt. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈɔrioʊ dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪz ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ fər boʊθ ðə ənd ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ si ˈsteɪbəl bɪldz stɑrt ˈdrɑpɪŋ ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri.

prior research suggests that liberals are more complex than conservatives. however, it may be that liberals are not more complex in general , but rather only more complex on certain topic domains (while conservatives are more complex in other domains). four studies (comprised of over participants) evaluated this idea. study 1 involves the domain specificity of a questionnaire related to complexity (dogmatism). by making only small adjustments to a popularly used dogmatism scale, results show that liberals can be significantly more dogmatic if a liberal domain is made salient. studies involve the domain specificity of complexity. a large number of responses from college students (studies 2 and 3) and candidates in the 2004 presidential election (study 4) across an array of topic domains reveals little or no main effect of political ideology on complexity, but rather topic domain by ideology interactions. liberals are higher in complexity on some topics, but conservatives are higher on others. overall, this large dataset calls into question the typical interpretation that conservatives are less complex than liberals in a way. it has practically achieved the state of an axiom in our field that liberals are more complex thinkers than conservatives. this is not without reason. a vast array of evidence related to dogmatism, uncertainty avoidance, openness to experience, need for closure, and that liberals are indeed more complex than conservatives (see jost, glaser, kruglanski, & sulloway, 2003; van, onraet, & de pauw, 2010; see also joseph, graham, & haidt, 2009). nonetheless, we believe that the judgment that conservatives are broadly may be premature. in the present article, we provide an alternative framework for understanding existing differences in complexity between conservatives and liberals and some initial evidence for that framework. our approach focuses on considering more fully the topic domain that the complexity measurement is relevant to. the domain specificity of complex thinking complex thinking is someone can think highly about the iraq war, and yet still think very simply about broccoli. a lot of evidence using many different operations of complex thinking underscores this point (conway, schaller, tweed, & hallett, 2001; houck, conway, & gornick, 2014; judd & lusk, 1984; liht, conway, savage, white, o'neill, 2011; pancer et al., 1995; sidanius, 1984;, 2000;, peterson, & lerner, 1996). for example, the complexity of thinking can be affected by the importance of the content domain (conway et al., 2008;, 2000) by the experience people have with the domain (conway et al., 2008; dasen, 1975;, 2000), by the of the domain (conway, dodds, hands towgood, mcclure, & olson, 2011), or by the value conflict implied by the domain (e.g.,,, loewen, & elkins, 1994;, 1986). this fact of domain specificity has implications for our understanding of group differences in complexity. for example, while there is a tendency to think about cultural differences in complexity in monolithic terms, evidence (see conway et al., 2001, for a summary) suggests that the link is in fact. in methodological terms, the relationship between cultural groups and complexity is probably better described as a culture by interaction than it is by a main effect of culture (conway et al., 2001). ideology x domain interactions on complex thinking a primary assumption of the present article is that this same culture domain interaction applies to political culture (defined operationally by political ideology). this idea is not new. over 25 years ago, (1986) pointed out that, because conservatives and liberals differ in which values are in conflict, his value pluralism model predicts ideology domain interactions. of course, his model also predicts that complexity most typically breaks left of center; thus, it expects both a main effect (liberals more complex) and interactions with issue domain. yet it is worth noting that, while the main effect prediction has been widely discussed, the expected interaction has this is not from an initial lack of encouragement of its importance. in 1986, (p. 825) encouraged researchers to study this topic: “systematic study of such ideology x issue interactions should be a major goal of future laboratory and archival studies on this topic.”'s admonition has been largely ignored. indeed, in the intervening years, very little research has been done to further this “major goal.” the research that has been done relevant to issue domain and complexity (e.g., lavallee &, 1997;, 2000; et al., 1994;, steel, & schmidt, 1994) has generally not directly tested ideology x issue interactions, and, to date, no research program has systematically explored these interactions. further, almost none of the research cited in on conservative simplicity (jost et al., 2003; van et al., 2010) has directly accounted for such interactions. why this matters: the present research if we assume that (1) ideology domain interactions are prevalent in reality, and (2) very few formal and systematic tests have been made of such interactions, then it is possible that existing research to date might misrepresent the actual main effect between liberals and conservatives on may be that the small number of tested domains are on average ones for which liberals score higher on complexity and that the counterbalancing domains have yet to be tested. as such, before fully deciding on the question of whether or not liberals and conservatives differ in complexity in a way, it is worth first more fully exploring ideology topic domain interactions on a wide range of topics (see also duarte et al., in press). to that end, the present research attempts to show how two of the major areas most typically used as evidence of conservative simplicity (jost et al., 2003; van et al., 2010) might be accounted for by ideology domain interactions. study 1 focuses on one measure relevant to complexity; studies focus on complexity scoring of statements. study 1: dogmatism is as jost et al. (2003) point out, dogmatism has historically been as that is indicative of rigid, thinking; for example, described dogmatism in terms of “closed belief systems” (1960, p. 67). such closed belief systems are a hallmark of cognitive simplicity (see, e.g., conway et al., 2008;, 1986), and thus it is not surprising that other researchers have noted the kinship between dogmatism and cognitive simplicity (e.g.,,, & streufert, 1992). for our purposes, this clear conceptual overlap suggests that it is reasonable for us to view dogmatism as a proxy for closed‐minded, simplistic thinking. indeed, this overlap is the impetus for dogmatism being used as one of the major arguments in the case for conservative simplicity (jost et al., 2003). specifically, a large body of research, mostly using versions of the (1960) scale we use here, reveals a positive relationship between dogmatism and political conservatism (see jost et al., 2003). the use of dogmatism as an argument in the case for conservative simplicity is partially dependent upon its conceptualization as being free of specific topic content (henceforth, domain general; see jost et al., 2003, for a discussion). and many of its items do, on the surface, appear to be domain general. on the other hand, some research suggests that students who rate the ideological content of the items rate them as leaning towards conservative content (see simons, 1968), and other academics have noted (e.g., van et al., 2010) that not all the items on the scale are free of specific content. one of the items explicitly mentions religion, another item states an explicit idea about humans being helpless and frail, and a third item states that focusing on one's happiness is contemptuous. these items explicitly identify a domain of interest and in some cases state an opinion on that domain. thus, it is possible that the standard dogmatism scale is not really a pure measurement of dogmatism, but rather a measurement of dogmatism that captures domains on which conservatives are more dogmatic. in the present study, we directly test the degree that the specific content of the dogmatism questionnaire matters by altering the items to reflect one of two content domains (environmental issues versus religion). study 1 method participants and undergraduates at the university of montana participated for course credit in sessions. questionnaire packets participants completed a questionnaire packet which contained a dogmatism a political ideology scale, and some demographic information. dogmatism eighteen items from's (1960) standard dogmatism scale were used in the present study. participants were randomly assigned one of three versions of the dogmatism scale. some participants received the standard version of the scale as typically used in previous research on ideology (obtained from ray, 1970). other participants received one of two versions of the scale. in one condition, participants received a scale that was designed to measure their dogmatism about religion, and in another condition, participants received a scale designed to measure their dogmatism about environmental issues. these dogmatism scales were nearly identical to the standard scale and to each other, but they differed only in intentionally injecting content domains into the items (please see the online supplemental information for the entire scales). an example will help illustrate. a standard item on the dogmatism scale is “a group which tolerates too much difference of opinion among its own members cannot exist for long.” for the religious dogmatism scale, this item was adapted (italics and bold added for emphasis here) to say “a religious group which tolerates too much difference of opinion among its own members cannot exist for long.” the parallel environmental dogmatism questionnaire item read “an environmental group which tolerates too much difference of opinion among its own members cannot exist for long.” in this way, the two alternate dogmatism questionnaires kept almost all of the language from the original items but interjected a content domain (either religion or environmental issues) into the majority of those items. reliability for the scale was satisfactory in all three conditions alpha = .74; alpha = .74; alpha = .88). four items on each scale were kept in their original) wording. these originally worded items appeared last in the list of 18 items. political ideology participants also completed several items relevant to their political ideology. we focus on two of those here: standard bipolar items anchored by and that have been used in prior research (e.g., conway et al., 2012) and are similar to the vast majority of standard ideology measures (see e.g., jost et al., 2003; federico, deason, & fisher, 2012). these two items were highly correlated (r = .77) and thus averaged into a single measure of political conservatism (standardized alpha = .86). study 1 results correlations within condition we first looked at correlations within each condition. replicating prior research, the standard dogmatism scale was positively correlated with political conservatism] = .27, p < .01). does this finding represent a or phenomenon? our next two findings suggest it is. first, the religion dogmatism scale specifically designed on a domain on which conservatives are more likely to be virtually the same effect as the supposedly scale] = .33, p < .001). more importantly, are conservatives unilaterally more dogmatic across all domains? the answer is no: they were significantly less dogmatic on environmental domains, as illustrated by the negative correlation between conservatism and environmental dogmatism] =, p < .001).4 absolute values for conservatives and liberals evaluating only correlations between scales, it is conceptually possible that the negative correlation between conservatism and the scale could be driven more by a rejection of those items by conservatives than by an acceptance by liberals. to look at the plausibility of this alternative, we divided participants up categorically into conservatives (those who scored above 5 on the conservatism scale) and liberals (those who scored below 5 on the scale). this analysis thus drops those directly at the midpoint of the scale. we then ran parallel 2 (type of scale) 2 (ideology) for dogmatism (for this analysis, we dropped the standard questionnaire). this analysis showed a significant type of scale ideology interaction (f >, p < .001). more pertinent to our purpose are the absolute values for each scale, broken down by ideology. these are presented in table 1. as can be seen there, the highest score for simplicity was for liberals (the highest cell was liberals on environmental dogmatism). these additional analyses with absolute values make any interpretation of study 1 results based on a lack of liberal simplicity table 1. studies 1 through 4: liberals and conservatives by topic domain and complexity measurement liberal complex domains conservative complex domains liberals conservatives liberals conservatives study 1 (student) dogmatism study 2 (student) complexity study 3 (student) complexity study 4 (bush/kerry) complexity study 1 discussion these results suggest that the relationship between ideology and dogmatism is. conservatives are indeed more dogmatic on the religious domain; but liberals are more dogmatic on the environmental domain. it might be easy to dismiss these effects as reflecting the content preferences of liberals and conservatives (and thus as not reflecting anything about dogmatism per se). there are two reasons why we think such a dismissal would be premature. first, the dismissal is a sword. if the question is “do prior results suggest that conservatives are more dogmatic?” then simply dismissing our results as only having to do with content raises the possibility that all dogmatism scales are picking up on content primarily (and not dogmatism per se). second, more importantly, a quick dismissal of these findings does not capture the subjective nature of the items themselves. for example, consider that for dogmatism, liberals scored higher on the following questions: there are two kinds of people in this world: those who are for the truth that the planet is warming and those who are against that obvious truth. when it comes to stopping global warming, it is better to be a dead hero than a live coward. a person who thinks primarily of own happiness, and in so doing disregards the health of the environment (for example, trees and other animals), is beneath contempt. the subjective tone of those statements is not merely “i am an environmentalist” but rather “all people who disagree with me are fools.” in these and other items from the scale, liberals are consenting to (1) categorizing the world into only two kinds of people, those that are right and those that are wrong, (2) a scorn of those unwilling to die for a cause, (3) a belief that persons who disagree with them are “beneath contempt,” (4) a belief that the only method for understanding the truth is to rely on experts, (5) an expression that true living involves believing in their cause, and (6) an appeal to the temporal urgency of the cause. those are not just statements about having an environmental position: they are explicitly and overwhelmingly dogmatic statements. and liberals are more likely to agree with such an environmental domain. studies: complexity is the dogmatism measurement used in study 1 has been widely used to make a case for conservative simplicity, but it is not without its problems (see van et al., 2010). it is dependent on participants’ own and willingness to express them; it also contains explicit ideological content. although, as we have discussed, that “ideological content” argument cuts both ways and does not undermine our present purpose, it would nonetheless be advisable to also use a more measure that ameliorated some of these problems. with that in mind, we turn next to one such measurement of the complexity of thinking: complexity (e.g., & streufert, 1966; &, 1976; see also harvey, hunt, & schroder, 1961; schroder, driver, & streufert, 1965). complexity complexity, which formed an important part of jost et (2003) case for conservative simplicity, is used to assess the complexity of spoken or written communications according to their basic structure (see, e.g., &, 1988;,, & ballard, 1994; & leighton, 2002; & rank, 1976). passages are coded and assigned a score between 1 and 7 based on the level of differentiation (i.e., the extent to which differing dimensions are used to describe a given topic) and, if more than one dimension is present, integration (i.e., the joining of these multiple dimensions; see et al., 1992, for complexity scoring details). in assigning complexity scores, the particular position argued for by the is irrelevant; the score is based on the structure of the passage. as such, the construct is able to capture the underlying mechanisms of the complexity of thought on a broad level that is conceptually independent of the content domain of the passage. it is in part for this breadth that complexity is the most widely used scoring system for measuring the complexity of statements (e.g., conway, conway, gornick, & houck, 2014; conway & gornick, 2011; conway et al., 2012; conway,, & clements, 2003; conway,, &, 2001; houck et al., 2014; &, 1988; et al., 1994; & leighton, 2002; &, 1976;, 1984, 1986). domain specificity although it is intended to be a “content free” measurement, this does not mean that participants’ complexity is by the domain of interest. indeed, although content domain is not often a subject of inquiry in complexity research, topic domain has been shown to influence complexity in some lines of research (conway et al., 2008; conway et al., 2011; conway et al., 2012; pancer et al., 1995;, 2000;, et al., 1994; & wallbaum, 1992;, 1986;, peterson, & lerner, 1996). in all this work, the specific content domain that people wrote or talked about mattered for the ultimate complexity they produced. thus, it is worth considering more fully the possibility of ideology topic domain interactions on complexity. our focus on dialectical forms of complexity recently, a new scoring system for parsing complexity scores into different types of complexity has been scientifically validated (conway et al., 2008; conway et al., 2011). in particular, some complexity scores are driven by dialectical complexity, which is complexity achieved by giving legitimacy to two opposing viewpoints. on the other hand, some complexity scores are driven by complexity, which is complexity achieved by defending or expanding upon one particular viewpoint (see conway et al., 2008; conway et al., 2011). all materials in studies in the present article were scored for complexity and the two outlined in conway et al. (2008). however, we here opt to present results in those studies on dialectical forms of complexity. our reasons for doing so are three‐fold. first, almost all of the prior work on complexity cited in by jost et al. (2003) and van et al. (2010) comes from. when scoring complexity, has only coded dialectical forms of complexity in his work (see conway et al., 2008, for a review). as a result, the best direct comparison with prior work showing conservative simplicity is dialectical complexity. second, this focus makes conceptual sense, because dialectical forms of complexity most clearly map on to the “rigidity of the right” idea. it is in their inability or unwillingness to think about things from different points of view that conservatives are supposed to be lacking: and dialectical complexity best captures that aspect (see conway et al., 2008). third, our results are stronger and more consistent using dialectical forms of complexity, and thus we acknowledge that part of our decision to present this set of results is ad hoc. however, we also performed all analyses using the larger complexity construct, and the overall pattern of results in most cases is similar (see footnote 12 for details). it is indeed noteworthy that the key moderating effects reported here are strongest for the form of complexity (dialectical complexity) on which conservatives are supposed to be weakest. using dialectical complexity below in studies, we show that, contrary to the conservative simplicity hypothesis, no main effect emerges of ideology on complexity. instead, these results are better characterized by an ideology topic domain interaction. study 2 method participants over a span, undergraduate participants at the university of montana completed questionnaire packets, usually in large sessions exceeding 100 complexity question stems participants completed one of 13 possible question stems that mostly dealt with political and social issues (example topic stems include “death penalty,” “abortion,” and “organized religion”). these questions were later coded by trained scorers for complexity. most of these items were chosen because they had been previously assessed for their in one of two prior, research programs (eaves, eysenck, & martin, 1989; martin, eaves, heath, jardine, feingold, & eysenck, 1986; see conway et al., 2008; conway et al., 2011 for descriptions of topic selection). complexity coding study 2 was scored by who had taken an intensive training course and achieved a .85 reliability score with an expert complexity coder and who had subsequently received training in scoring the subconstructs. responses were coded by in “blocks” of around 500 responses each. for each block, every coder of that block scored all participants (and thus all topics) for that block. thus, summary scores provided below are the average of for each participant. to check for reliability, we computed standardized for each block separately (because all scored all responses in each block, an alpha is an appropriate metric of reliability). reliability on each of the different blocks was satisfactory, with standardized for dialectical complexity ranging from .86 to .89 (m = .88). ideology measurement all participants completed the same two continuous measurements of political ideology used in study 1. these were averaged to produce a single continuous “political conservatism” score. for both studies 2 and 3, we converted this score into a categorical measurement in a manner identical to our method in study 1 for testing absolute values. we did this because the current conceptual case being made is that conservatives are. because the slope of the line in a correlation might not fully capture differences between persons on each side of the divide, there is value in considering what people who classify themselves as being on the “conservative” side of the ledger are like, as compared to those on the “liberal” side, in more categorical terms. in addition, using a approach for studies 2 and 3 would be fairly cumbersome, due to the large number of topic domains (with topic domain serving as one of the primary ivs). thus, for ease of testing interactions, an approach that uses categories for political ideology is more practically useful. persons who scored above the midpoint were categorized as conservative, while those below the midpoint were categorized as liberal. this removed participants right at the midpoint, leaving for our main analyses in study 2 (liberal = 852; conservative = 471). results and discussion analyses were first performed within a 2 (ideology: leans right versus leans left) 13 (topic domain). by far the strongest effect was for topic domain, 1297) =, p < .001. no main effect of ideology emerged, with conservatives (m =) and liberals (m =) having virtually identical overall complexity means. however, an ideology topic domain interaction emerged, with conservatives higher on some topics and liberals higher on others, interaction, 1297) =, p < .02. to understand the degree that this interaction was driven by conservative or liberal complexity (or both equally), we created some ad hoc categories representing the upper of topics on which conservatives and liberals, respectively, were highest in complexity (defined by the difference between conservatives and liberals on complexity for that topics for which conservatives were higher were: death penalty is barbaric and should be abolished, socialism, refugees, and george w. bush. topics for which liberals were higher on complexity were: people should find out if they are sexually suited before marriage, bible truth, alcohol, and censorship. (these analyses remove the middle of topics for which liberals and conservatives were roughly equal in complexity). a 2 (ideology) hoc domain type: conservatives higher or liberals higher) revealed, predictably, an interaction between ideology and domain type,, 734) =, p < .001. as can be seen in table 1, this interaction is clearly a true crossover interaction, with conservatives scoring higher than liberals on some topics, while the reverse is true for others. indeed, type correlations showed roughly similar effect sizes for topics on which conservatives were higher in complexity] = .12, p < .03) and topics on which conservatives were lower in complexity] =, p < .06; fisher's comparing correlations =, p < .01). in other words, the interaction between domain type and ideology is roughly equally attributable to the fact that conservatives were sometimes higher than liberals on complexity as it is to the fact that liberals were sometimes higher than conservatives. study 3 method participants over a span, 728 undergraduate participants at the university of montana completed an question pertaining to an array of attitudes in exchange for course credit, usually in large sessions exceeding 100 complexity question stems the 30 question stems were taken directly from a research program that was not motivated by ideology, but rather because they had been previously assessed for their in a project (olson, vernon, harris, & jang, 2001) that was independent of the program used in study 2. complexity coding as in study 2, study 3 was scored by trained in “blocks” of around 400 responses each. for each block, every coder of that block scored all participants (and thus all topics) for that block. thus, summary scores provided below are the average of for each participant. to check for reliability, we computed standardized for each block separately. reliability on each of the different blocks was satisfactory, with standardized for dialectical complexity ranging from .81 to .82 (m = .81). political ideology we measured ideology in a manner identical to study 2 and further computed a single categorical score identical to that study. this method (which removes participants scoring directly at the midpoint of the scale) left 633 for our main analyses (liberal = 395; conservative = 238). results and discussion initial analyses were performed within a 2 (ideology: leans right versus leans left) 30 (topic domain). once again, by far the strongest effect was for topic domain, 573) =, p < .001. no main effect of ideology emerged, with conservatives (m =) and liberals (m =) having virtually identical complexity means. unlike in study 2, no clear ideology topic domain interaction emerged in study 3. however, the descriptive data suggested that sometimes conservatives were higher than liberals on some topics and vice versa, but that small cell sizes (in some cases n = 7) and the large number of cells made it difficult to find an effect in the 2 30. we subsequently followed an ad hoc procedure identical to that in study 2: specifically, we created some ad hoc categories representing the upper of topics on which conservatives and liberals, respectively, were highest in complexity. topics for which conservatives were higher were: wearing clothes that draw attention, exercising, death penalty, immigration, smoking, reading books, castration, loud music, roller coaster rides, and easy access to birth control. topics for which liberals were higher on complexity were: being assertive, organized religion, crosswords, public speaking, abortion on demand, big parties, playing organized sports, making racial discrimination illegal, education, being the center of attention. (this analyses removes the middle of topics for which liberals and conservatives were roughly equal in complexity.) a 2 (ideology) 2 (ad hoc domain type) revealed an interaction between ideology and domain type,, 374) =, p < .001. as can be seen in table 1, this interaction is clearly a true crossover interaction, with conservatives scoring higher than liberals on some topics, while the reverse is true for others. indeed, correlations showed roughly similar effect sizes for topics on which conservatives were higher in complexity] = .15, p < .03) and topics on which conservatives were lower in complexity] =, p < .01; fisher's z =, p < .01). in other words, the interaction between domain type and ideology is roughly equally attributable to the fact that conservatives were sometimes higher than liberals on complexity as it is to the fact that liberals were sometimes higher than additional results from studies to this point, we have talked loosely about ideology domain interactions without clearly specifying the psychological explanatory variables that might account for such interactions. this is partially primary goal in this article is to discuss the potential for such interactions at a large level and not to engage in a debate about the specific psychological mechanisms underlying those interactions. however, on a subset of our data for studies, we collected a few variables relevant to mechanisms that we believed might help explain those interactions. (we did not collect any of these additional variables for study 4.) thus, while not our primary purpose, we briefly summarize the outcome of those analyses here. although we measured other variables (for a summary, see footnote 11), we specifically focus on a set of variables related to a given attitude strength. conceptually and empirically, attitude is negatively related to dialectical forms of complexity (see conway et al., 2008; conway et al., 2011). thus, it is possible that liberals and conservatives differ on what topics they hold strong attitudes on, and this fact might help us better understand the effects of conservatism on complexity. we tested the implications of this in studies. study 1 for study 1, all participants who completed the dogmatism scales also completed several measurements relevant to attitude with the topic domain: (1) topic importance, (2) involvement with the topic, (3) experience with the topic, (4) confidence in their opinion on the topic, and (5) attitude extremity (represented by how far they were from the midpoint in absolute terms on an agreement item). we converted each measurement to a and averaged them into an overall attitude strength score. conceptually, if conservatives and liberals differed in what topics they were dogmatic about due to differences in attitude strength, then liberals should hold stronger attitudes on the topics they were more dogmatic on (and vice versa for conservatives). this conceptual logic directly predicts an ideology topic type interaction on attitude strength, such that liberals would hold weaker attitudes on topics for which they scored lower in dogmatism (in this case, religion), while conservatives would hold weaker attitudes on topics for which they scored lower in dogmatism (in this case, environmental issues). we tested this by computing an ideology (liberal versus conservative) topic type (environment versus religion) interaction on attitude strength. results were consistent with our conceptual logic: conservatives held stronger attitudes for the domain on which they were more dogmatic (conservatives = .27, liberals = .10), while liberals held stronger attitudes for the domain on which they were more dogmatic (conservatives =, liberals =), interaction,304) =, p < .01. studies 2 and 3: attitude we performed a similar set of analyses on studies 2 and 3. in particular: on a subset of our data that comprised part of the sample for studies 2 and 3 (n = 423), immediately after completing the statements that were scored for complexity, participants also completed measurements of attitude strength identical to those used in study 1. as in study 1, we converted each measurement to a and averaged them into an overall attitude strength score. conceptually, if conservatives and liberals differed in what topics they were more complex about due to differences in attitude strength, then liberals should hold stronger attitudes on the topics they were less complex on (and vice versa for conservatives). thus, we computed ideology (liberal versus conservative) ad hoc topic type (liberal higher in complexity versus conservative higher in complexity) interactions. results were largely consistent with attitude strength being an explanatory variable, but the inferential statistics were not overwhelming. in particular, for study 2, conservatives held stronger attitudes for topics on which liberals were higher in complexity (conservatives = .16, liberals =), while liberals held stronger attitudes for topics on which conservatives were higher in complexity (conservatives =, liberals = .00). however, this interaction was not statistically significant (p = .184). a similar pattern emerged for study 3, where conservatives held stronger attitudes for topics on which liberals were higher in complexity (conservatives = .21, liberals =), while this difference was essentially not in evidence for topics on which conservatives were higher in complexity (conservatives = .05, liberals = .04). however, this interaction was also not statistically significant (p = .262).11 study 4: 2004 debates george w. bush has often been discussed as a prototypical representative of conservatives (e.g., simonton, 2006). but if, as we have argued, complexity is largely driven by topic domain, then it is important to consider what domain politicians are talking about. in study 4, we compare bush versus his opponent in the 2004 election campaign, john kerry, across 15 different topics that were discussed during the presidential debates. method paragraph selection across three presidential debates, the two candidates were specifically directed to discuss 15 different topics, ranging from domestic issues (e.g., the economy) to moral discussions (e.g., abortion) to foreign policy (e.g., the iraq war). from each debate, we randomly selected five paragraphs per topic per candidate. if the candidate did not provide five paragraphs in a given debate for a given topic, we used all the available paragraphs for that topic. paragraph preparation and scoring as is standard in archival complexity research (e.g., conway & conway, 2011; & rank, 1976;, 1984; & conway, 2007), we removed all information from the selected paragraphs that might directly identify who the speaker is and replaced that with generic information, and then we presented the paragraphs in random order to four trained scorers. all scorers coded all paragraphs. reliability for the current project was satisfactory (dialectical complexity alpha = .75). the four’ scores were averaged into a single complexity score. results and discussion analyses were first performed within a 2 (candidate: bush versus kerry) 15 (topic domain). by far the strongest effect was for topic domain4, 65) =, p < .01. no main effect of ideology emerged, with conservative bush (m =) and liberal kerry (m =) having virtually identical overall complexity means. however, an ideology topic domain interaction emerged, with bush higher on some topics and kerry higher on others, interaction4, 65) =, p < .05. to understand the relative strength of bush's and kerry's complexity in contributing to this interaction, we created some ad hoc categories by grouping topic types together on which bush's and kerry's complexity differed. specifically, we created difference scores for each topic representing the degree that either bush or kerry was higher on complexity for that topic, and then used the upper of these difference scores for each candidate to create two categories: the five topics for which bush was higher in complexity and the five topics for which kerry was higher. (this strategy is analogous to the strategy for creating ad hoc categories in studies 2 and 3). using these criteria, the topics on which bush was higher than kerry were: religion, security, stem cells, healthcare, and affirmative action. the topics on which kerry was higher than bush were: iraq, foreign policy issues, economic issues, abortion, and education. a 2 (candidate) 2 (ad hoc domain type: bush higher or kerry higher) revealed an interaction between ideology and domain type,, 58) =, p < .001. as can be seen in table 1, this interaction is clearly a true crossover interaction, with bush scoring higher than kerry on some topics, while the reverse is true for others. indeed, comparisons type showed roughly similar effects for topics on which bush was higher in complexity (effect of candidate] =, p < .01) and topics on which kerry was higher in complexity (effect of candidate] =, p < .02).12 in other words, the interaction between domain type and ideology is roughly equally attributable to the fact that bush was sometimes higher than kerry on complexity as it is to the fact that kerry was sometimes higher than general discussion are conservatives? the present results suggest the answer to this question is “yes…but only on some topics.” on other topics, conservatives are more complex than liberals. using a large array of topic domains and methods, we found that the relationship is perhaps best described as an interaction between ideology and topic domain. is this interaction hiding a larger main effect of conservative simplicity? although we found no evidence here of the main effect difference between liberals and conservatives, our article is not an attempt to definitively answer that question with a “no.” rather, the results presented here suggest that more caution should be given to definitively answering that question with a “yes.” it may be that liberals are, as many have claimed (jost et al., 2003; et al., 1996; van et al., 2010) and as some of even our own prior work suggests (conway et al., 2012; & conway, 2007), pulled towards complexity more than conservatives: but we think such a judgment is premature. what mechanism might explain domain differences in complexity? our primary purpose in this article is not to explain domain differences but to demonstrate domain ideology interactions. it is nonetheless important moving forward to address what psychological aspects of topic domains might help us better understand when conservatives are more or less complex than liberals. we tested several possibilities on a of our data, and the most promising explanatory variable to emerge was attitude strength. conservatives and liberals differ on the topics for which they hold strong attitudes; and it may be that this variability in attitude strength helps us understand variability on complexity. our data reveal evidence that is modestly consistent with this hypothesis: across all three studies for which data was available, both conservatives and liberals held stronger attitudes for the topics on which they were more in study 1 as topics for which they were more dogmatic and in studies 2 and 3 as topics for which they were less complex). although this pattern was weaker for studies 2 and these results provide some preliminary evidence that the ideology domain interactions on variables may be partially a function of domain differences in attitude strength. this suggests two possible ways forward for future researchers. first and most obviously, it would be useful to run studies with greater power for testing the explanatory ability of attitude strength measurements. this could be done by collecting a larger group of participants, but it also might be useful to select topics a that were especially prone to show attitude strength differences between liberals and conservatives and run more focused tests with those domains or otherwise directly manipulate attitude strength (rather than merely measuring it as we did in the present studies). second, the measurements reported here are only one set of possible (and potentially imprecise) methods for measuring the attitude strength construct. given the potential explanatory value of attitude strength in our understanding of domain variability, future work would do well to include more sophisticated methods of measuring attitude strength that do not rely solely on direct (e.g., fazio, jackson, dunton, & williams, 1995). sample limitations this research is not without its limitations. first, our work is entirely constrained to u.s. samples and thus should be interpreted with appropriate caution. we do not know if the results presented in studies would generalize beyond u.s. borders, and the results from study 4 are from a single u.s. election. what might this mean for our interpretation of the results? first, it is important to note that much of the case for conservative simplicity has been compiled on u.s. samples. for example, in jost et (2003), 81% of the reported n for complexity and 44% of the reported n for dogmatism occurred on u.s. participants. since part of our aim is to offer a potential alternative explanation for existing evidence in these areas, our data at least suggest that for the part of the current case which has been built on u.s. samples (a fairly large percentage), we should perhaps reconsider our collective interpretation of the evidence. however, it is of course still worth considering the potential effect of the cultural context on our results. consider, for example, that one of the most salient differences distinguishing the united states from other potential western samples is that the united states as a whole is more conservative than many other western nations. what effect might this have? according to one of the most influential models of the origins of complex thinking,'s value pluralism model (e.g.,, 1986; et al., 1996), if this had any effect, it would be likely to bias the sample by making u.s. liberals more complex than liberals in other places (in particular on dialectical forms of complexity; see conway et al., if the united states leans right as a nation, that means that those we call “liberals” are actually more “centrist”—and it is centrists that the value pluralism model (and a related model of belief defense; for discussions, see conway et al., 2008; conway et al., 2011) predicts would be most complex. as a population, this would make the united states a skewed test that would more likely make liberals complex, because liberals in the united states would actually be less likely to be true would in fact be moderates who are more likely on average to be complex (see, e.g., et al., 1994). thus, in a sense, our finding no main effect (and instead finding domain ideology interactions) in a u.s. sample is than evidence against the conservative simplicity hypothesis. consistent with this notion, it is worth noting that additional research on complexity and related not cited in jost et al. (2003)—suggests that if anything, the conservative simplicity effect may be less likely to be found in non‐u.s. contexts. for example, van and (2003) correlated political conservatism amongst belgian college students with three measurements of complexity, and none of the measurements was statistically significant. further, in soviet russia, leftist communist leaders were lessly complex than capitalistic reformers who had a more conservative ideology & boettger, 1989). quite a bit of research on canadian political parties is also inconsistent with the conservative simplicity hypothesis. for example, comparing canadian college students affiliated with two conservative and two liberal political parties, et al. (1994) found no significant differences among them, and the highest overall group on complexity was the conservative progressive conservative party. similar results for canadian politicians were found by's (2000) scoring of the major political parties’ candidates for prime minister during the 1997 federal election. finally, lavallee and (1997) found that more liberal environmental groups scored lower in complexity (though not significantly so) than more conservative forest advocacy groups in a conflict in british columbia over sound. in summary, we do not view it is likely that our results will end up being relevant to only the united may indeed be more powerful in other however, it is further worth noting that to the degree that our sample does in fact differ from other samples and would yield different results, this itself poses a problem for the rigidity of the right explanation. even should our results prove to be specific only to the united states, this suggests at a minimum that cultural context is a potential moderator of the relationship. given how alarmingly few cultural contexts have actually been tested, this leaves open the possibility that, averaged across all cultures, we may find a far weaker (or even nonexistent) main effect for the relationship. thus, while we cannot of course definitively say that our work would generalize, our work at least makes it clear that we should pause in our larger conclusions about the relationship between conservatism and simplicity. research content limitations our discussion has covered two of the major constructs in the argument for conservative simplicity: dogmatism and complexity. but the case for conservative simplicity includes much more than just research on those constructs, and it includes quite a bit of evidence ourity theory does not account for even within those two lines of work. it does not seem very likely that ideology domain interactions account for all of the additional evidence discussed by jost et al. (2003). as such, caution is warranted in interpreting these results in the larger picture. indeed, consider three lines of evidence discussed in jost et al. (2003) and van et al. (2010): need for, openness, and preference for complexity (e.g., preferences for complex visual images and complex poetry). in each case, quite a bit of evidence exists tying political conservatism to a motive for simplicity; conservatives are higher ined need for (and, in a more nuanced recent account, liberals who are higher in need for closure show more conservative policy positions; see federico et al., 2012), lower ined openness, and lower ined preferences for complex images or poems. each of those areas could potentially capture a more example, need for closure is as a need for nonspecific closure that cuts across yet our research cannot directly speak to that work. how, then, do we reconcile our work to this prior work? we discuss three different points of intersection below (see the online supplementary information for additional discussion in this regard). the of complexity and why it matters even if we assume that this prior work on need for, openness, and preferences for complex materials represent phenomena on which conservatives are indeed simpler, that would not invalidate the importance of our present findings. as many researchers have pointed out, complexity itself is multifaceted (see, e.g., conway et al., 2014; houck et al., 2014;, metz, scott, &, 2014). thus, even if the present results turn out to be limited only to dogmatism and aspects of the case being made for conservative would nonetheless suggest for complexity relevant to those types, the general case being made against conservatives in those areas needs revision. this would present to us a more nuanced and accurate picture of the relationship between ideology and complexity and suggest at the least that the current picture must be qualified by the type of complexity measurement under the microscope. the potential pitfalls of measurement further, for the purposes of determining the average complexity of a group of persons, the kinds of measurements comprising the bulk of prior have some additional potential pitfalls in interpretation. a measurement is at best an indirect marker of a potential motive. to take one example, person a may be higher than person b on the need for closure scale because they are actually more motivated for closure; but they also may be higher because they are more willing to report higher need for closure (even though both persons may actually have the same level of motive), or have a different set of social desirability templates, or a host of other factors that do not have to do with the actual further, measurements vary in their degree of clear overlap with complexity. consider that the need for structure scale was intentionally designed to avoid explicitly mentioning cognitive structure (see, e.g., & newsom, 1993). both the need for structure scale and the highly correlated and conceptually similar need for closure scale contain items that appear like as much as cognitive structure, and the need for structure scale is in fact correlated with bothed and conscientious behaviors & newsom, 1993). while need for has been sometimes correlated with more measurements of complexity (e.g., & newsom, 1993; webster & kruglanski, 1994) and is related to attitudinal “seizing” that seems clearly conceptually related to complex thinking (e.g., webster & kruglanski, 1994), it is nonetheless worth considering that the scales do not directly measure a desire to think in a complex fashion. in contrast, the scoring of statements is a much more direct marker of the average complexity of particular groups (see houck et al., 2014). while it, too, has its drawbacks, this at the very least means that when person a scores higher than person b, we can feel more confident that the output of person a is indeed more complex than person b on that domain. thus, this provides a more direct marker of the outcome of do more indirect measurements of aed motive that is expected to be correlated to the outcome. the importance of the potential divergence between and measures is underscored by the fact that the two types of measurements are often not very highly correlated (see van et al., 2010, for a summary). empirical scope of the present research our work shows a different pattern of results than quite a bit of prior work. why is that the case? there are three conceptual reasons why the literature writ large might differ with the results presented here. the first is the primary argument made in this article: that prior work has not fully accounted for domain ideology interactions. but it may also be that our results are simply anomalous. after all, for any real effect in psychology, sometimes you will not find that effect, or find a reversal of the effect, just by chance. relatedly, it is also possible that our results represent an of topics on which conservatives score more. even if one grants the power of ideology domain interactions, it of course does not follow that there is no meaningful main effect (see, e.g., et al., 1996). conservatives may be more complex than liberals on a certain handful of topics, but this may run counter to the general tendencies outlined by jost et al. (2003) to pull them, at some larger psychological level, towards simplicity. indeed, it is possible that we ourselves are exhibiting a bias in topic selection: although the topics selected here (with a few exceptions) were not largely selected for reasons directly related to ideology at all (see conway et al., 2008; conway et al., 2011), it is nonetheless certainly possible that we selected a group of topics on which conservatives are particularly likely to score high in complexity, thus offsetting the larger tendency for liberals to score higher. we acknowledge the possibility, as well as the possibility that our results are simply anomalous. but, in considering the scope of our research set against the existing body of work, it is also worth noting that most prior research on ideology and complexity is very narrow in its scope of possible topics, whereas our research covered 43 separate (though sometimes overlapping) topic stems for the student population and 15 separate topic categories for the comparison. for comparison, in the complexity research cited in jost et al. (2003), only one topic distinction is made at all, and it only occurred for one study and included only two broad topic types. thus, although a lot of research indicates that liberals are higher than conservatives in complexity, it is unclear whether or not that research covers a wide range of topics. about complexity specifically, it is further worth noting that prior research on ideology and complexity has been mostly limited to scoring politicians (jost et al., 2003; van et al., 2010), and thus may not apply to the vast majority of the further, our research covers over participants, which is more participants than all the complexity research combined cited in jost et (2003) (combined participant n for all complexity studies = 307). so while it would be premature to suggest overturning all prior evidence on the basis of our work presented here, it would similarly be premature to dismiss our evidence as having no bearing on the larger question. we do not know yet whether our topic selection method might show bias in favor of conservatives, and our evidence contains the largest set of domains studied to concluding thoughts even the best research is potentially subject to qualification through scientific scrutiny. our purpose here is not to claim definitively that conservatives are equally as complex as liberals. we are certainly open to the possibility that conservatives are simpler on average, and agree with (1986) and jost et al. (2003) that there are reasons it may be so. our purpose is much more modest: it is to point out that, just as there are reasons why it may be so, there are also reasons it may not be so. we have presented one alternative possibility here and offered some empirical evidence in support of that model. as such, we believe that the present research might fit in with a growing body of work suggesting that negative attributes once attributed to conservatives might be domain specific (see, e.g., brandt, reyna, chambers, crawford, & wetherell, 2014; crawford, 2012;, bochner, & wnek, 1972). we hope this to be the beginning of the discussion with respect to complexity and have no illusions of it being the last word. acknowledgments portions of this article were presented at the 2012 annual meeting of the international society of political psychology, chicago, il. correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to lucian gideon conway iii, university of montana, psychology department, skaggs building 239, missoula, mt, 59812. e‐mail: footnotes 1 in the present article, we use the term “domain specific” to indicate the particular content that comprises the subject in the same way that past researchers discuss “domains” or “issues” (e.g.,, 2000 1986 in the present article, we use the term “domain specific” to indicate the particular content that comprises the subject in the same way that past researchers discuss “domains” or “issues” (e.g.,, 2 because so many factors relevant to topic content affect complexity, there are many value pluralism and attitude expect interactions between ideology and content domain on complexity. as such, it is reasonable to expect interactions at a larger level without necessarily being able to identify specifically why such an interaction exists in a particular context. although we provide some preliminary evidence concerning one possible explanatory mechanism in this context, the primary purpose of this article is to demonstrate the expected interaction at a larger level and not to provide a coherent theoretical explanation for the interaction. because so many factors relevant to topic content affect complexity, there are many value pluralism and attitude expect interactions between ideology and content domain on complexity. as such, it is reasonable to expect interactions at a larger level without necessarily being able to identify specifically such an interaction exists in a particular context. although we provide some preliminary evidence concerning one possible explanatory mechanism in this context, the primary purpose of this article is to demonstrate the expected interaction at a larger level and not to provide a coherent theoretical explanation for the interaction. 3 participants also completed measurements of authoritarianism and modern racism. these measurements are not directly relevant to the present study and are not discussed further. participants also completed measurements of authoritarianism and modern racism. these measurements are not directly relevant to the present study and are not discussed further. 4 we also compared correlations within each condition by the type of item versus). removing the four items from these scales increased the size of the difference between the religion and environmental dogmatism scales: the main conservatism measure was significantly negatively correlated for the environmental scale ( r =, p < .001) and significantly positively correlated for the religion scale ( r = .34, p < .001; fisher's z ‐test for comparing correlations =, p < .001). when looking at the four items on the otherwise scales, conservatives were positively correlated for the environmental scale ( r = .10) and significantly positively correlated for the religion scale ( r = .23, p < .01; fisher's z ‐test for comparing correlations =, p > .05). these results indicate that there is some “leakage” from the environmental items that reduce the typical size of the ideology correlation but still reveal that the nature of the item itself does matter, even within a context. we also compared correlations within each condition by the type of item versus). removing the four items from these scales increased the size of the difference between the religion and environmental dogmatism scales: the main conservatism measure was significantly negatively correlated for the environmental scale ( =, < .001) and significantly positively correlated for the religion scale ( = .34, < .001; fisher's ‐test for comparing correlations =, < .001). when looking at the four items on the otherwise scales, conservatives were positively correlated for the environmental scale ( = .10) and significantly positively correlated for the religion scale ( = .23, < .01; fisher's ‐test for comparing correlations =, > .05). these results indicate that there is some “leakage” from the environmental items that reduce the typical size of the ideology correlation but still reveal that the nature of the item itself does matter, even within a context. 5 some prior research suggests that the relationship between ideology and outcome variables may be and as such represents more about ideological extremism than about ideological content (e.g., et al., 1994). as a result, we tested for the possibility that our results represent a, rather than a linear, relationship. in particular, we ran linear regression on all key results while entering both a linear and two separate nonlinear terms for political conservatism as simultaneous predictors: (1) a term for conservatism and (2) an extremism score for conservatism (computed as the absolute difference from the midpoint of the conservatism scale). all analyses were performed in a way parallel to that described above. results overwhelmingly support a linear, rather than a nonlinear, interpretation of our results. for dogmatism, when linear and/extremism scores are entered simultaneously, all linear conservatism terms remained significant ( p 's < .01), while no significant nonlinear effects emerged in any condition on either nonlinear measurement ( p 's > .380). thus, (1) all linear effects remained were of similar size and direction as in accounting for nonlinear effects, and (2) nonlinear effects overall accounted for very little of the variance. thus, our results are much better construed as linear effects than as nonlinear. some prior research suggests that the relationship between ideology and outcome variables may be and as such represents more about ideological extremism than about ideological content (e.g., et al., 1994). as a result, we tested for the possibility that our results represent a, rather than a linear, relationship. in particular, we ran linear regression on all key results while entering both a linear and two separate nonlinear terms for political conservatism as simultaneous predictors: (1) a term for conservatism and (2) an extremism score for conservatism (computed as the absolute difference from the midpoint of the conservatism scale). all analyses were performed in a way parallel to that described above. results overwhelmingly support a linear, rather than a nonlinear, interpretation of our results. for dogmatism, when linear and/extremism scores are entered simultaneously, all linear conservatism terms remained significant ( 's < .01), while no significant nonlinear effects emerged in any condition on either nonlinear measurement ( 's > .380). thus, (1) all linear effects remained were of similar size and direction as in accounting for nonlinear effects, and (2) nonlinear effects overall accounted for very little of the variance. thus, our results are much better construed as linear effects than as nonlinear. 6 portions of the data from studies 2 and 3 were used also to test hypotheses about psychological extremism (conway et al., 2008 2011 portions of the data from studies 2 and 3 were used also to test hypotheses about psychological extremism (conway et al., 7 this ad hoc strategy is primarily an organizing device to simplify data analyses and presentation. first, one of the most important considerations in the domain ideology interaction is whether or not conservatives show an equal effect on their topics as liberals do on their topics. the ad hoc strategy we employ is useful for quickly illustrating that the nature of the interaction across topics is equal on both sides in a manner that allows for easy comparison across studies. second, this strategy helps simplify additional analyses (e.g., it provides a straightforward way to test the effect of potential explanatory mechanisms in the “additional analyses of studies” section). although we recognize that this method has the potential of exaggerating the strength of the interaction effect, it is important to note that two of the three domain ideology interaction terms are significant (studies 2 and 4) without any ad hoc the one that is not significant (study 3) has such small cell numbers and so many topic domains that it would be hard to find an interaction term. thus, we think this ad hoc method is constructive way of summarizing these studies that accurately captures the nature of the data. this ad hoc strategy is primarily an organizing device to simplify data analyses and presentation. first, one of the most important considerations in the domain ideology interaction is whether or not conservatives show an equal effect on their topics as liberals do on their topics. the ad hoc strategy we employ is useful for quickly illustrating that the nature of the interaction across topics is equal on both sides in a manner that allows for easy comparison across studies. second, this strategy helps simplify additional analyses (e.g., it provides a straightforward way to test the effect of potential explanatory mechanisms in the “additional analyses of studies” section). although we recognize that this method has the potential of exaggerating the strength of the interaction effect, it is important to note that two of the three domain ideology interaction terms are significant (studies 2 and 4) without any ad hoc the one that is not significant (study 3) has such small cell numbers and so many topic domains that it would be hard to find an interaction term. thus, we think this ad hoc method is constructive way of summarizing these studies that accurately captures the nature of the data. 8 studies 2 and 3 have 423 overlapping participants (those participants completed an item used both in study 2 and in study 3). as in prior research using this dataset (conway et al., 2008 2011 2008 2011 r = .02, p > .70. studies 2 and 3 have 423 overlapping participants (those participants completed an item used both in study 2 and in study 3). as in prior research using this dataset (conway et al., = .02, > .70. 9 although there are solid conceptual and practical reasons for treating as a variable, we ran several sets of additional analyses using conservatism as a continuous variable. first, we used analyses to test the key interactions from studies 2 and 3 while keeping political conservatism as a continuous measurement. in particular, we (1) correlated political conservatism with complexity within each topic domain, (2) created an ad hoc dummy variable (−1 = liberals higher, +1 = conservatives higher) representing the top and bottom for the relationship, then (3) ran a regression entering standardized political conservatism, topic domain, and their interaction term on complexity. results were consistent with those presented in the text for the categorical measurement of political conservatism: for both study 2 and study 3, there was no main effect of political conservatism ( betas = .01 and), but a significant interaction between conservatism and topic domain ( betas > .12, p 's <= .001). although there are solid conceptual and practical reasons for treating as a variable, we ran several sets of additional analyses using conservatism as a continuous variable. first, we used analyses to test the key interactions from studies 2 and 3 while keeping political conservatism as a continuous measurement. in particular, we (1) correlated political conservatism with complexity within each topic domain, (2) created an ad hoc dummy variable (−1 = liberals higher, +1 = conservatives higher) representing the top and bottom for the relationship, then (3) ran a regression entering standardized political conservatism, topic domain, and their interaction term on complexity. results were consistent with those presented in the text for the categorical measurement of political conservatism: for both study 2 and study 3, there was no main effect of political conservatism ( = .01 and), but a significant interaction between conservatism and topic domain ( > .12, 's <= .001). 10 for studies 2 and 3, we further tested for effects of conservatism in a manner identical to study 1 by creating two nonlinear political conservatism terms. a summary of these results is that (1) the difference in the relationship between and topics remains when accounting for nonlinear terms, (2) nonlinear effects overall accounted for a proportionally smaller amount of the variance than linear effects. in short, the effects reported here are better described as linear effects than effects. a detailed report of these additional results is available upon request. for studies 2 and 3, we further tested for effects of conservatism in a manner identical to study 1 by creating two nonlinear political conservatism terms. a summary of these results is that (1) the difference in the relationship between and topics remains when accounting for nonlinear terms, (2) nonlinear effects overall accounted for a proportionally smaller amount of the variance than linear effects. in short, the effects reported here are better described as linear effects than effects. a detailed report of these additional results is available upon request. 11 for studies 2 and 3, we also performed similar exploratory analyses using several measurements relevant to attitude discrepancy from consensus opinion (both real and perceived), the degree to which participants perceived consensus to exist on the issue in question, and the amount of effort they put into writing the topic. no significant interaction no clear across the two studies on any of these variables. finally, for study 2 only, we had a measurement of the value pluralism participants felt relevant to the topic they wrote about (constructed in a manner drawn from, 1986 2009 2009 p = .01), conservatism did not interact with topic type to predict value pluralism (interaction p > .89), and thus value pluralism cannot offer a clear explanation as to why topic type moderated the effect of conservatism on complexity. for studies 2 and 3, we also performed similar exploratory analyses using several measurements relevant to attitude discrepancy from consensus opinion (both real and perceived), the degree to which participants perceived consensus to exist on the issue in question, and the amount of effort they put into writing the topic. no significant interaction no clear across the two studies on any of these variables. finally, for study 2 only, we had a measurement of the value pluralism participants felt relevant to the topic they wrote about (constructed in a manner drawn from, = .01), conservatism did not interact with topic type to predict value pluralism (interaction > .89), and thus value pluralism cannot offer a clear explanation as to why topic type moderated the effect of conservatism on complexity. 12 for studies, we tested whether the absolute value of the effect sizes for these ad hoc comparisons differed for topics on which conservatives versus liberals were higher. in studies 2 and 4, the effect was slightly stronger for topics on which conservatives were higher; for study 3, the effect was slightly stronger for topics on which liberals were higher. however, across all three studies, z‐ tests comparing the absolute value of these effect sizes revealed little evidence that they differed (study 2 z =; study 3 z =; study 4 z =; all p 's > .56). in other words, the absolute values of the effects are essentially equivalent between and topics in studies 2, 3, and 4. this is consistent with the interpretation offered in the text. for studies, we tested whether the absolute value of the effect sizes for these ad hoc comparisons differed for topics on which conservatives versus liberals were higher. in studies 2 and 4, the effect was slightly stronger for topics on which conservatives were higher; for study 3, the effect was slightly stronger for topics on which liberals were higher. however, across all three studies, tests comparing the absolute value of these effect sizes revealed little evidence that they differed (study 2 =; study 3 =; study 4 =; all 's > .56). in other words, the absolute values of the effects are essentially equivalent between and topics in studies 2, 3, and 4. this is consistent with the interpretation offered in the text. 13 we also performed analyses for studies for complexity. as occurred for the dialectical complexity results reported in the text, no significant main effects for ideology on complexity occurred on complexity in studies. also the same as for dialectical complexity, for studies 2 and 3 for complexity there was a significant main effect of topic domain. the main difference between complexity and dialectical complexity results occurred in studies 2 and 4 (recall that study 3 did not have an initial ideology domain interaction): namely, the initial domain ideology interactions (using all topic domains in those studies) were not significant for complexity. however, following a similar ad hoc strategy for studies 2, 3, and 4 using complexity (as opposed to dialectical complexity) yielded significant interactions in each case (interaction p 's < .01), and the overall pattern is very similar. also, study 4 showed no main effect difference for topic domain for complexity. given our focus on dialectical forms of complexity throughout this article, these inferential differences are largely irrelevant. we report them here for completeness. our larger point remains the same: for the dialectical forms of complexity most directly related to the rigidity of the right idea, the pattern presented here is better captured by domain ideology interactions than by a main effect of ideology. we also performed analyses for studies for complexity. as occurred for the dialectical complexity results reported in the text, no significant main effects for ideology on complexity occurred on complexity in studies. also the same as for dialectical complexity, for studies 2 and 3 for complexity there was a significant main effect of topic domain. the main difference between complexity and dialectical complexity results occurred in studies 2 and 4 (recall that study 3 did not have an initial ideology domain interaction): namely, the initial domain ideology interactions (using all topic domains in those studies) were not significant for complexity. however, following a similar ad hoc strategy for studies 2, 3, and 4 using complexity (as opposed to dialectical complexity) yielded significant interactions in each case (interaction 's < .01), and the overall pattern is very similar. also, study 4 showed no main effect difference for topic domain for complexity. given our focus on dialectical forms of complexity throughout this article, these inferential differences are largely irrelevant. we report them here for completeness. our larger point remains the same: for the dialectical forms of complexity most directly related to the idea, the pattern presented here is better captured by domain ideology interactions than by a main effect of ideology. 14 for studies 2 and 3, it is worth noting that we only had relevant data on a subset of our larger sample. although attitude strength measurements did not show significant effects in those studies, they were in the correct direction and showed a similar pattern across both studies. we do not want to these data; it is possible that this pattern does not represent a real finding. however, we view it as likely that a larger sample would find the expected significant effect for attitude strength. for studies 2 and 3, it is worth noting that we only had relevant data on a subset of our larger sample. although attitude strength measurements did not show significant effects in those studies, they were in the correct direction and showed a similar pattern across both studies. we do not want to these data; it is possible that this pattern does not represent a real finding. however, we view it as likely that a larger sample would find the expected significant effect for attitude strength. 15 the relationship of pluralism to complexity itself is more complex than this implies. some work shows that more extreme views lead to more complexity (e.g., conway et al., 2008 1984 2008 the relationship of pluralism to complexity itself is more complex than this implies. some work shows that more extreme views lead to more complexity (e.g., conway et al., 16 there is a potential tension here. these results highlight that other studied nations may show less of a tendency for conservative simplicity, which is best construed as a main effect of context on the effect in question. it is possible that ideology topic domain interactions —the topic of this conceivably be less in those nations, even as they are simultaneously showing less support for conservative simplicity. while we acknowledge this potential, the tension between the main effect and interactions in other nations is beyond the scope of this article. our point here is that it is likely unreasonable to imagine that different contexts outside of the united states would produce a wildly different landscape in terms of the relationship, and based on what we know, if they produce anything different, that difference would likely not be favorable to the conservative simplicity hypothesis. there is a potential tension here. these results highlight that other studied nations may show less of a tendency for conservative simplicity, which is best construed as a main effect of context on the effect in question. it is possible that ideology topic domain —the topic of this conceivably be in those nations, even as they are simultaneously showing less support for conservative simplicity. while we acknowledge this potential, the tension between the main effect and interactions in other nations is beyond the scope of this article. our point here is that it is likely unreasonable to imagine that different contexts outside of the united states would produce a wildly different landscape in terms of the relationship, and based on what we know, if they produce anything different, that difference would likely not be favorable to the conservative simplicity hypothesis. 17 importantly, many of these scales that are purportedly may also contain very specific content. (for discussion of this possibility relevant to openness, see sibley & duckitt, 2008 2012 importantly, many of these scales that are purportedly may also contain very specific content. (for discussion of this possibility relevant to openness, see sibley & duckitt, 18 a recent study (brundidge, reid, choi, & muddiman, 2014 r = .20). they also scored for four different topic types and found no clear interaction pattern for ideology and domain. these data are clearly relevant to the larger issue of differences between conservatives and liberals, but it is less clear how relevant they are to complexity specifically. several considerations include: (1) measurements are at best an indirect approximation of linguistic complexity (see et al., 2014 2014 r = .14; conway et al., 2014 2014 a recent study (brundidge, reid, choi, & muddiman, = .20). they also scored for four different topic types and found no clear interaction pattern for ideology and domain. these data are clearly relevant to the larger issue of differences between conservatives and liberals, but it is less clear how relevant they are to complexity specifically. several considerations include: (1) measurements are at best an indirect approximation of linguistic complexity (see et al., = .14; conway et al., 19 it is also important to note that we are not arguing that jost et ( 2003 supporting information additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher's website: description study 1 questionnaires additional discussion: the potential fority for prior scales. please note: the publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

praɪər ˈrisərʧ səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈlɪˌbərəlz ər mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən kənˈsərvətɪvz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt meɪ bi ðət ˈlɪˌbərəlz ər nɑt mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl bət ˈrəðər ˈoʊnli mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ɔn ˈsərtən ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪnz (waɪl kənˈsərvətɪvz ər mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ɪn ˈəðər doʊˈmeɪnz). fɔr ˈstədiz (kəmˈpraɪzd əv ˈoʊvər pɑrˈtɪsəpənts) ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd ðɪs aɪˈdiə. ˈstədi 1 ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ðə doʊˈmeɪn ˌspɛsəˈfɪsəti əv ə kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ kəmˈplɛksɪti (ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm). baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈoʊnli smɔl əˈʤəstmənts tɪ ə ˈpɑpjələrli juzd ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪl, rɪˈzəlts ʃoʊ ðət ˈlɪˌbərəlz kən bi sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr dɔgˈmætɪk ɪf ə ˈlɪˌbərəl doʊˈmeɪn ɪz meɪd ˈseɪljənt. ˈstədiz ˌɪnˈvɑlv ðə doʊˈmeɪn ˌspɛsəˈfɪsəti əv kəmˈplɛksɪti. ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈspɑnsɪz frəm ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənts (ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 ənd ˈkænədɪts ɪn ðə 2004 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən (ˈstədi 4 əˈkrɔs ən əreɪ əv ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪnz rɪˈvilz ˈlɪtəl ər noʊ meɪn ˈifɛkt əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti, bət ˈrəðər ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn baɪ ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. ˈlɪˌbərəlz ər haɪər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti ɔn səm ˈtɑpɪks, bət kənˈsərvətɪvz ər haɪər ɔn ˈəðərz. ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ðɪs lɑrʤ ˈdeɪtəˌsɛt kɔlz ˈɪntu kˈwɛʃən ðə ˈtɪpɪkəl ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən ðət kənˈsərvətɪvz ər lɛs ˈkɑmplɛks ðən ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɪn ə weɪ. ɪt həz ˈpræktɪkəli əˈʧivd ðə steɪt əv ən ˈæksiəm ɪn ɑr fild ðət ˈlɪˌbərəlz ər mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ˈθɪŋkərz ðən kənˈsərvətɪvz. ðɪs ɪz nɑt wɪˈθaʊt ˈrizən. ə væst əreɪ əv ˈɛvədəns rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm, ənˈsərtənti əˈvɔɪdəns, ˈoʊpənəs tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns, nid fər ˈkloʊʒər, ənd ðət ˈlɪˌbərəlz ər ˌɪnˈdid mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən kənˈsərvətɪvz (si ʤɑst, ˈgleɪzər, kruglanski*, sulloway*, 2003 væn, onraet*, də pauw*, 2010 si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈʤoʊzəf, græm, haidt*, 2009 ˌnənðəˈlɛs, wi bɪˈliv ðət ðə ˈʤəʤmənt ðət kənˈsərvətɪvz ər ˈbrɔdli meɪ bi ˌpriməˈʧʊr. ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈɑrtɪkəl, wi prəˈvaɪd ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈfreɪmˌwərk fər ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti bɪtˈwin kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz ənd səm ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈɛvədəns fər ðət ˈfreɪmˌwərk. ɑr əˈproʊʧ ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn kənˈsɪdərɪŋ mɔr ˈfʊli ðə ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn ðət ðə kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈmɛʒərmənt ɪz ˈrɛləvənt tɪ. ðə doʊˈmeɪn ˌspɛsəˈfɪsəti əv ˈkɑmplɛks ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ˈkɑmplɛks ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪz ˈsəmˌwən kən θɪŋk ˈhaɪli əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪˈrɑk wɔr, ənd jɛt stɪl θɪŋk ˈvɛri ˈsɪmpli əˈbaʊt ˈbrɑkəli. ə lɔt əv ˈɛvədəns ˈjuzɪŋ ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əv ˈkɑmplɛks ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ˌəndərˈskɔrz ðɪs pɔɪnt (ˈkɑnˌweɪ, ˈʃɔlər, twid, ˈhælɪt, 2001 haʊk, ˈkɑnˌweɪ, ˈgɔrnɪk, 2014 ʤəd ləsk, 1984 liht*, ˈkɑnˌweɪ, ˈsævɪʤ, waɪt, oʊˈnil, 2011 ˈpænsər ɛt æl., 1995 sidanius*, 1984, 2000, ˈpitərsən, ˈlərnər, 1996 fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə kəmˈplɛksɪti əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ kən bi əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ðə ˈkɑntɛnt doʊˈmeɪn (ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008, 2000 baɪ ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈpipəl hæv wɪθ ðə doʊˈmeɪn (ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 dasen*, 1975, 2000 baɪ ðə əv ðə doʊˈmeɪn (ˈkɑnˌweɪ, dɑdz, hænz towgood*, məˈklur, ˈoʊlsən, 2011 ər baɪ ðə ˈvælju ˈkɑnflɪkt ˌɪmˈplaɪd baɪ ðə doʊˈmeɪn (e.g*.,,, lɑuən, ˈɛlkɪnz, 1994, 1986 ðɪs fækt əv doʊˈmeɪn ˌspɛsəˈfɪsəti həz ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ɑr ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv grup ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, waɪl ðɛr ɪz ə ˈtɛndənsi tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ˈkəlʧərəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪn ˌmɑnəˈlɪθɪk tərmz, ˈɛvədəns (si ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2001 fər ə ˈsəməri) səˈʤɛsts ðət ðə lɪŋk ɪz ɪn fækt. ɪn ˌmɛθədəˈlɑʤɪkəl tərmz, ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈkəlʧərəl grups ənd kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈbɛtər dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə ˈkəlʧər baɪ ˌɪnərˈækʃən ðən ɪt ɪz baɪ ə meɪn ˈifɛkt əv ˈkəlʧər (ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2001 ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ɛks doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ɔn ˈkɑmplɛks ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ə ˈpraɪˌmɛri əˈsəmpʃən əv ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz ðət ðɪs seɪm ˈkəlʧər doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃən əˈplaɪz tɪ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkəlʧər (dɪˈfaɪnd ˈɑpərˈeɪʃənəli baɪ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi). ðɪs aɪˈdiə ɪz nɑt nu. ˈoʊvər 25 jɪrz əˈgoʊ, 1986 ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət, bɪˈkəz kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz ˈdɪfər ɪn wɪʧ ˈvæljuz ər ɪn ˈkɑnflɪkt, hɪz ˈvælju ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm ˈmɑdəl prɪˈdɪkts ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. əv kɔrs, hɪz ˈmɑdəl ˈɔlsoʊ prɪˈdɪkts ðət kəmˈplɛksɪti moʊst ˈtɪpɪkəli breɪks lɛft əv ˈsɛnər; ðəs, ɪt ɪkˈspɛkts boʊθ ə meɪn ˈifɛkt (ˈlɪˌbərəlz mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks) ənd ˌɪnərˈækʃənz wɪθ ˈɪʃu doʊˈmeɪn. jɛt ɪt ɪz wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət, waɪl ðə meɪn ˈifɛkt priˈdɪkʃən həz bɪn ˈwaɪdli dɪˈskəst, ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˌɪnərˈækʃən həz ðɪs ɪz nɑt frəm ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl læk əv ɛnˈkərɪʤmənt əv ɪts ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns. ɪn 1986 (pi. 825 ɪnˈkərəʤd ˈrisərʧərz tɪ ˈstədi ðɪs ˈtɑpɪk: ˈstədi əv səʧ ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ɛks ˈɪʃu ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ʃʊd bi ə ˈmeɪʤər goʊl əv fˈjuʧər ˈlæbrəˌtɔri ənd ɑrˈkaɪvəl ˈstədiz ɔn ðɪs topic.”*.” ˌædməˈnɪʃən həz bɪn ˈlɑrʤli ˌɪgˈnɔrd. ˌɪnˈdid, ɪn ðə ˌɪntərˈvinɪŋ jɪrz, ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl ˈrisərʧ həz bɪn dən tɪ ˈfərðər ðɪs goal.”*.” ðə ˈrisərʧ ðət həz bɪn dən ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈɪʃu doʊˈmeɪn ənd kəmˈplɛksɪti (e.g*., ˈlævəli , 1997, 2000 ɛt æl., 1994, stil, ʃmɪt, 1994 həz ˈʤɛnərəli nɑt dɪˈrɛkli ˈtɛstɪd ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ɛks ˈɪʃu ˌɪnərˈækʃənz, ənd, tɪ deɪt, noʊ ˈrisərʧ ˈproʊˌgræm həz ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli ɪkˈsplɔrd ðiz ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. ˈfərðər, ˈɔlˌmoʊst nən əv ðə ˈrisərʧ ˈsaɪtɪd ɪn ɔn kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti (ʤɑst ɛt æl., 2003 væn ɛt æl., 2010 həz dɪˈrɛkli əˈkaʊntɪd fər səʧ ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. waɪ ðɪs ˈmætərz: ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈrisərʧ ɪf wi əˈsum ðət 1 ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ər ˈprɛvələnt ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, ənd 2 ˈvɛri fju ˈfɔrməl ənd ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk tɛsts hæv bɪn meɪd əv səʧ ˌɪnərˈækʃənz, ðɛn ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈrisərʧ tɪ deɪt maɪt mɪsˌrɛprəˈzɛnt ðə ˈækʧəwəl meɪn ˈifɛkt bɪtˈwin ˈlɪˌbərəlz ənd kənˈsərvətɪvz ɔn meɪ bi ðət ðə smɔl ˈnəmbər əv ˈtɛstɪd doʊˈmeɪnz ər ɔn ˈævərɪʤ wənz fər wɪʧ ˈlɪˌbərəlz skɔr haɪər ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti ənd ðət ðə ˈkaʊnərˌbælənsɪŋ doʊˈmeɪnz hæv jɛt tɪ bi ˈtɛstɪd. ɛz səʧ, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈfʊli ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ ɔn ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ˈlɪˌbərəlz ənd kənˈsərvətɪvz ˈdɪfər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪn ə weɪ, ɪt ɪz wərθ fərst mɔr ˈfʊli ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ɔn ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈtɑpɪks (si ˈɔlsoʊ dˈwɑrˌteɪ ɛt æl., ɪn prɛs). tɪ ðət ɛnd, ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈrisərʧ əˈtɛmpts tɪ ʃoʊ haʊ tu əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈɛriəz moʊst ˈtɪpɪkəli juzd ɛz ˈɛvədəns əv kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti (ʤɑst ɛt æl., 2003 væn ɛt æl., 2010 maɪt bi əˈkaʊntɪd fər baɪ ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. ˈstədi 1 ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn wən ˈmɛʒər ˈrɛləvənt tɪ kəmˈplɛksɪti; ˈstədiz ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈskɔrɪŋ əv ˈsteɪtmənts. ˈstədi 1 ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ɪz ɛz ʤɑst ɛt æl. 2003 pɔɪnt aʊt, ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm həz hɪˈstɔrɪkəli bɪn ɛz ðət ɪz ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv əv ˈrɪʤɪd, ˈθɪŋkɪŋ; fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, dɪˈskraɪbd ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ɪn tərmz əv bɪˈlif systems”*” 1960 pi. 67 səʧ kloʊzd bɪˈlif ˈsɪstəmz ər ə ˈhɑlˌmɑrk əv ˈkɑgnɪtɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti (si, e.g*., ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008, 1986 ənd ðəs ɪt ɪz nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋ ðət ˈəðər ˈrisərʧərz hæv ˈnoʊtɪd ðə ˈkɪnˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ənd ˈkɑgnɪtɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti (e.g*.,,, streufert*, 1992 fər ɑr ˈpərpəsɪz, ðɪs klɪr kənˈsɛpʧuəl ˈoʊvərˌlæp səˈʤɛsts ðət ɪt ɪz ˈrizənəbəl fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ vju ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ɛz ə ˈprɑksi fər closed‐minded*, sɪmˈplɪstɪk ˈθɪŋkɪŋ. ˌɪnˈdid, ðɪs ˈoʊvərˌlæp ɪz ðə ˈɪmpətəs fər ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm biɪŋ juzd ɛz wən əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈɑrgjəmənts ɪn ðə keɪs fər kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti (ʤɑst ɛt æl., 2003 spəˈsɪfɪkli, ə lɑrʤ ˈbɑdi əv ˈrisərʧ, ˈmoʊstli ˈjuzɪŋ ˈvərʒənz əv ðə 1960 skeɪl wi juz hir, rɪˈvilz ə ˈpɑzətɪv riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm (si ʤɑst ɛt æl., 2003 ðə juz əv ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ɛz ən ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪn ðə keɪs fər kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti ɪz ˈpɑrʃəli dɪˈpɛndənt əˈpɑn ɪts kənˈsɛpʧwəlɪˌzeɪʃən ɛz biɪŋ fri əv spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈtɑpɪk ˈkɑntɛnt (ˈhɛnsˈfɔrθ, doʊˈmeɪn ˈʤɛnərəl; si ʤɑst ɛt æl., 2003 fər ə dɪˈskəʃən). ənd ˈmɛni əv ɪts ˈaɪtəmz du, ɔn ðə ˈsərfəs, əˈpɪr tɪ bi doʊˈmeɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, səm ˈrisərʧ səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈstudənts hu reɪt ðə ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈkɑntɛnt əv ðə ˈaɪtəmz reɪt ðɛm ɛz ˈlinɪŋ təˈwɔrdz kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkɑntɛnt (si ˈsaɪmənz, 1968 ənd ˈəðər ˌækəˈdɛmɪks hæv ˈnoʊtɪd (e.g*., væn ɛt æl., 2010 ðət nɑt ɔl ðə ˈaɪtəmz ɔn ðə skeɪl ər fri əv spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈkɑntɛnt. wən əv ðə ˈaɪtəmz ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˈmɛnʃənz rɪˈlɪʤən, əˈnəðər ˈaɪtəm steɪts ən ɪkˈsplɪsət aɪˈdiə əˈbaʊt ˈjumənz biɪŋ ˈhɛlpləs ənd freɪl, ənd ə θərd ˈaɪtəm steɪts ðət ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn wənz ˈhæpinəs ɪz kənˈtɛmpʧuəs. ðiz ˈaɪtəmz ɪkˈsplɪsətli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ə doʊˈmeɪn əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ənd ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz steɪt ən əˈpɪnjən ɔn ðət doʊˈmeɪn. ðəs, ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ðə ˈstændərd ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪl ɪz nɑt ˈrɪli ə pjʊr ˈmɛʒərmənt əv ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm, bət ˈrəðər ə ˈmɛʒərmənt əv ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ðət ˈkæpʧərz doʊˈmeɪnz ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz ər mɔr dɔgˈmætɪk. ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈstədi, wi dɪˈrɛkli tɛst ðə dɪˈgri ðət ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈkɑntɛnt əv ðə ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr ˈmætərz baɪ ˈɔltərɪŋ ðə ˈaɪtəmz tɪ rɪˈflɛkt wən əv tu ˈkɑntɛnt doʊˈmeɪnz (ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈɪʃuz ˈvərsəz rɪˈlɪʤən). ˈstədi 1 ˈmɛθəd pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ənd ˌəndərˈgræʤəwəts æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv mɑnˈtænə pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd fər kɔrs ˈkrɛdɪt ɪn ˈsɛʃənz. kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr ˈpækɪts pɑrˈtɪsəpənts kəmˈplitɪd ə kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr ˈpækɪt wɪʧ kənˈteɪnd ə ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi skeɪl, ənd səm ˌdɛməˈgræfɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ˈeɪˈtin ˈaɪtəmz frəm 1960 ˈstændərd ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪl wər juzd ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈstədi. pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wər ˈrændəmli əˈsaɪnd wən əv θri ˈvərʒənz əv ðə ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪl. səm pɑrˈtɪsəpənts rɪˈsivd ðə ˈstændərd ˈvərʒən əv ðə skeɪl ɛz ˈtɪpɪkəli juzd ɪn ˈpriviəs ˈrisərʧ ɔn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi (əbˈteɪnd frəm reɪ, 1970 ˈəðər pɑrˈtɪsəpənts rɪˈsivd wən əv tu ˈvərʒənz əv ðə skeɪl. ɪn wən kənˈdɪʃən, pɑrˈtɪsəpənts rɪˈsivd ə skeɪl ðət wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈmɛʒər ðɛr ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm əˈbaʊt rɪˈlɪʤən, ənd ɪn əˈnəðər kənˈdɪʃən, pɑrˈtɪsəpənts rɪˈsivd ə skeɪl dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈmɛʒər ðɛr ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm əˈbaʊt ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈɪʃuz. ðiz ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪlz wər ˈnɪrli aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ðə ˈstændərd skeɪl ənd tɪ iʧ ˈəðər, bət ðeɪ ˈdɪfərd ˈoʊnli ɪn ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli ˌɪnˈʤɛktɪŋ ˈkɑntɛnt doʊˈmeɪnz ˈɪntu ðə ˈaɪtəmz (pliz si ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌsəpləˈmɛntəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər skeɪlz). ən ɪgˈzæmpəl wɪl hɛlp ˈɪləˌstreɪt. ə ˈstændərd ˈaɪtəm ɔn ðə ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪl ɪz grup wɪʧ ˈtɔlərˌeɪts tu məʧ ˈdɪfərəns əv əˈpɪnjən əˈməŋ ɪts oʊn ˈmɛmbərz ˈkænɑt ɪgˈzɪst fər long.”*.” fər ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪl, ðɪs ˈaɪtəm wɑz əˈdæptɪd (aɪˈtælɪks ənd boʊld ˈædɪd fər ˈɛmfəsɪs hir) tɪ seɪ rɪˈlɪʤəs grup wɪʧ ˈtɔlərˌeɪts tu məʧ ˈdɪfərəns əv əˈpɪnjən əˈməŋ ɪts oʊn ˈmɛmbərz ˈkænɑt ɪgˈzɪst fər long.”*.” ðə ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr ˈaɪtəm rɛd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grup wɪʧ ˈtɔlərˌeɪts tu məʧ ˈdɪfərəns əv əˈpɪnjən əˈməŋ ɪts oʊn ˈmɛmbərz ˈkænɑt ɪgˈzɪst fər long.”*.” ɪn ðɪs weɪ, ðə tu ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛrz kɛpt ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl əv ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ frəm ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈaɪtəmz bət ˌɪntərˈʤɛktɪd ə ˈkɑntɛnt doʊˈmeɪn (ˈiðər rɪˈlɪʤən ər ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈɪʃuz) ˈɪntu ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðoʊz ˈaɪtəmz. riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti fər ðə skeɪl wɑz ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri ɪn ɔl θri kənˈdɪʃənz ˈælfə 74 ˈælfə 74 ˈælfə 88 fɔr ˈaɪtəmz ɔn iʧ skeɪl wər kɛpt ɪn ðɛr ərˈɪʤənəl) ˈwərdɪŋ. ðiz ərˈɪʤənəli ˈwərdɪd ˈaɪtəmz əˈpɪrd læst ɪn ðə lɪst əv 18 ˈaɪtəmz. pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈplitɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˈaɪtəmz ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ðɛr pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi. wi ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn tu əv ðoʊz hir: ˈstændərd baɪˈpoʊlər ˈaɪtəmz ˈæŋkərd baɪ ənd ðət hæv bɪn juzd ɪn praɪər ˈrisərʧ (e.g*., ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2012 ənd ər ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈstændərd ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈmɛʒərz (si e.g*., ʤɑst ɛt æl., 2003 fɛdərˈikoʊ, ˈdizən, ˈfɪʃər, 2012 ðiz tu ˈaɪtəmz wər ˈhaɪli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd (ɑr 77 ənd ðəs ˈævrɪʤd ˈɪntu ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈmɛʒər əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm (ˈstændərˌdaɪzd ˈælfə 86 ˈstədi 1 rɪˈzəlts ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz wɪˈθɪn kənˈdɪʃən wi fərst lʊkt æt ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz wɪˈθɪn iʧ kənˈdɪʃən. ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪtɪŋ praɪər ˈrisərʧ, ðə ˈstændərd ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪl wɑz ˈpɑzətɪvli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd wɪθ pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm 27 pi 01 dɪz ðɪs ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə ər fəˈnɑməˌnɑn? ɑr nɛkst tu ˈfaɪndɪŋz səˈʤɛst ɪt ɪz. fərst, ðə rɪˈlɪʤən ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪl spəˈsɪfɪkli dɪˈzaɪnd ɔn ə doʊˈmeɪn ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈvərʧuəli ðə seɪm ˈifɛkt ɛz ðə səˈpoʊzədli skeɪl 33 pi 001 mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, ər kənˈsərvətɪvz ˌjunəˈlætərəli mɔr dɔgˈmætɪk əˈkrɔs ɔl doʊˈmeɪnz? ðə ˈænsər ɪz noʊ: ðeɪ wər sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli lɛs dɔgˈmætɪk ɔn ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl doʊˈmeɪnz, ɛz ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈnɛgətɪv ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən bɪtˈwin kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ənd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm pi ˈæbsəˌlut ˈvæljuz fər kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪŋ ˈoʊnli ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz bɪtˈwin skeɪlz, ɪt ɪz kənˈsɛpʧuəli ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ðə ˈnɛgətɪv ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən bɪtˈwin kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ənd ðə skeɪl kʊd bi ˈdrɪvən mɔr baɪ ə rɪˈʤɛkʃən əv ðoʊz ˈaɪtəmz baɪ kənˈsərvətɪvz ðən baɪ ən əkˈsɛptəns baɪ ˈlɪˌbərəlz. tɪ lʊk æt ðə ˌplɔzɪˈbɪlɪti əv ðɪs ɔlˈtərnətɪv, wi dɪˈvaɪdɪd pɑrˈtɪsəpənts əp ˌkætəˈgɔrɪkli ˈɪntu kənˈsərvətɪvz (ðoʊz hu skɔrd əˈbəv 5 ɔn ðə kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm skeɪl) ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz (ðoʊz hu skɔrd bɪˈloʊ 5 ɔn ðə skeɪl). ðɪs æˈnælɪsɪs ðəs drɑps ðoʊz dɪˈrɛkli æt ðə ˈmɪdˌpɔɪnt əv ðə skeɪl. wi ðɛn ræn ˈpɛrəˌlɛl 2 (taɪp əv skeɪl) 2 (ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi) fər ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm (fər ðɪs æˈnælɪsɪs, wi drɑpt ðə ˈstændərd kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr). ðɪs æˈnælɪsɪs ʃoʊd ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt taɪp əv skeɪl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃən (ɛf pi 001 mɔr ˈpərtɪnɪnt tɪ ɑr ˈpərpəs ər ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈvæljuz fər iʧ skeɪl, ˈbroʊkən daʊn baɪ ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi. ðiz ər pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ˈteɪbəl 1 ɛz kən bi sin ðɛr, ðə haɪəst skɔr fər sɪmˈplɪsɪti wɑz fər ˈlɪˌbərəlz (ðə haɪəst sɛl wɑz ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɔn ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm). ðiz əˈdɪʃənəl æˈnælɪˌsiz wɪθ ˈæbsəˌlut ˈvæljuz meɪk ˈɛni ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv ˈstədi 1 rɪˈzəlts beɪst ɔn ə læk əv ˈlɪˌbərəl sɪmˈplɪsɪti ˈteɪbəl 1 ˈstədiz 1 θru 4 ˈlɪˌbərəlz ənd kənˈsərvətɪvz baɪ ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn ənd kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈmɛʒərmənt ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈkɑmplɛks doʊˈmeɪnz kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkɑmplɛks doʊˈmeɪnz ˈlɪˌbərəlz kənˈsərvətɪvz ˈlɪˌbərəlz kənˈsərvətɪvz ˈstədi 1 (ˈstudənt) ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ˈstədi 2 (ˈstudənt) kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈstədi 3 (ˈstudənt) kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈstədi 4 (bush/kerry*) kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈstədi 1 dɪˈskəʃən ðiz rɪˈzəlts səˈʤɛst ðət ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ɪz. kənˈsərvətɪvz ər ˌɪnˈdid mɔr dɔgˈmætɪk ɔn ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs doʊˈmeɪn; bət ˈlɪˌbərəlz ər mɔr dɔgˈmætɪk ɔn ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl doʊˈmeɪn. ɪt maɪt bi ˈizi tɪ dɪsˈmɪs ðiz ˈifɛkts ɛz rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ðə ˈkɑntɛnt ˈprɛfərənsɪz əv ˈlɪˌbərəlz ənd kənˈsərvətɪvz (ənd ðəs ɛz nɑt rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm pər seɪ). ðɛr ər tu ˈrizənz waɪ wi θɪŋk səʧ ə dɪsˈmɪsəl wʊd bi ˌpriməˈʧʊr. fərst, ðə dɪsˈmɪsəl ɪz ə sɔrd. ɪf ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪz praɪər rɪˈzəlts səˈʤɛst ðət kənˈsərvətɪvz ər mɔr dogmatic?”*?” ðɛn ˈsɪmpli dɪsˈmɪsɪŋ ɑr rɪˈzəlts ɛz ˈoʊnli ˈhævɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˈkɑntɛnt ˈreɪzɪz ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ɔl ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪlz ər ˈpɪkɪŋ əp ɔn ˈkɑntɛnt praɪˈmɛrəli (ənd nɑt ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm pər seɪ). ˈsɛkənd, mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, ə kwɪk dɪsˈmɪsəl əv ðiz ˈfaɪndɪŋz dɪz nɑt ˈkæpʧər ðə səˈbʤɛktɪv ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˈaɪtəmz ðɛmˈsɛlvz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, kənˈsɪdər ðət fər ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm, ˈlɪˌbərəlz skɔrd haɪər ɔn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz: ðɛr ər tu kaɪnz əv ˈpipəl ɪn ðɪs wərld: ðoʊz hu ər fər ðə truθ ðət ðə ˈplænət ɪz ˈwɔrmɪŋ ənd ðoʊz hu ər əˈgɛnst ðət ˈɑbviəs truθ. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈstɑpɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ, ɪt ɪz ˈbɛtər tɪ bi ə dɛd ˈhɪroʊ ðən ə lɪv kaʊərd. ə ˈpərsən hu θɪŋks praɪˈmɛrəli əv oʊn ˈhæpinəs, ənd ɪn soʊ duɪŋ ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑrdz ðə hɛlθ əv ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt (fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, triz ənd ˈəðər ˈænəməlz), ɪz bɪˈniθ kənˈtɛmpt. ðə səˈbʤɛktɪv toʊn əv ðoʊz ˈsteɪtmənts ɪz nɑt ˈmɪrli æm ən environmentalist”*” bət ˈrəðər ˈpipəl hu dɪsəˈgri wɪθ mi ər fools.”*.” ɪn ðiz ənd ˈəðər ˈaɪtəmz frəm ðə skeɪl, ˈlɪˌbərəlz ər kənˈsɛnɪŋ tɪ 1 ˈkætəgərˌaɪzɪŋ ðə wərld ˈɪntu ˈoʊnli tu kaɪnz əv ˈpipəl, ðoʊz ðət ər raɪt ənd ðoʊz ðət ər rɔŋ, 2 ə skɔrn əv ðoʊz ənˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ daɪ fər ə kɔz, 3 ə bɪˈlif ðət ˈpərsənz hu dɪsəˈgri wɪθ ðɛm ər contempt,”*,” 4 ə bɪˈlif ðət ðə ˈoʊnli ˈmɛθəd fər ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə truθ ɪz tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈɛkspərts, 5 ən ɪkˈsprɛʃən ðət tru ˈlɪvɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvz bɪˈlivɪŋ ɪn ðɛr kɔz, ənd 6 ən əˈpil tɪ ðə ˈtɛmpərəl ˈərʤənsi əv ðə kɔz. ðoʊz ər nɑt ʤɪst ˈsteɪtmənts əˈbaʊt ˈhævɪŋ ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl pəˈzɪʃən: ðeɪ ər ɪkˈsplɪsətli ənd ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋli dɔgˈmætɪk ˈsteɪtmənts. ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ əˈgri wɪθ səʧ ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl doʊˈmeɪn. ˈstədiz kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪz ðə ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ˈmɛʒərmənt juzd ɪn ˈstədi 1 həz bɪn ˈwaɪdli juzd tɪ meɪk ə keɪs fər kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti, bət ɪt ɪz nɑt wɪˈθaʊt ɪts ˈprɑbləmz (si væn ɛt æl., 2010 ɪt ɪz dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn participants’*’ oʊn ənd ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs ðɛm; ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈteɪnz ɪkˈsplɪsət ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈkɑntɛnt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ, ɛz wi hæv dɪˈskəst, ðət content”*” ˈɑrgjəmənt kəts boʊθ weɪz ənd dɪz nɑt ˈəndərˌmaɪn ɑr ˈprɛzənt ˈpərpəs, ɪt wʊd ˌnənðəˈlɛs bi ədˈvaɪzəbəl tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ juz ə mɔr ˈmɛʒər ðət əˈmiljərˌeɪtɪd səm əv ðiz ˈprɑbləmz. wɪθ ðət ɪn maɪnd, wi tərn nɛkst tɪ wən səʧ ˈmɛʒərmənt əv ðə kəmˈplɛksɪti əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ: kəmˈplɛksɪti (e.g*., streufert*, 1966 , 1976 si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhɑrvi, hənt, ʃˈroʊdər, 1961 ʃˈroʊdər, ˈdraɪvər, streufert*, 1965 kəmˈplɛksɪti kəmˈplɛksɪti, wɪʧ fɔrmd ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrt əv ʤɑst ɛt 2003 keɪs fər kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti, ɪz juzd tɪ əˈsɛs ðə kəmˈplɛksɪti əv ˈspoʊkən ər ˈrɪtən kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɛr ˈbeɪsɪk ˈstrəkʧər (si, e.g*., , 1988,, ˈbælərd, 1994 ˈleɪtən, 2002 ræŋk, 1976 ˈpæsɪʤɪz ər ˈkoʊdɪd ənd əˈsaɪnd ə skɔr bɪtˈwin 1 ənd 7 beɪst ɔn ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˌdɪfərˌɛnʧiˈeɪʃən (i.e*., ðə ɪkˈstɛnt tɪ wɪʧ ˈdɪfərɪŋ dɪˈmɛnʃənz ər juzd tɪ dɪˈskraɪb ə ˈgɪvɪn ˈtɑpɪk) ənd, ɪf mɔr ðən wən dɪˈmɛnʃən ɪz ˈprɛzənt, ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən (i.e*., ðə ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ əv ðiz ˈməltəpəl dɪˈmɛnʃənz; si ɛt æl., 1992 fər kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈskɔrɪŋ ˈditeɪlz). ɪn əˈsaɪnɪŋ kəmˈplɛksɪti skɔrz, ðə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr pəˈzɪʃən ˈɑrgjud fər baɪ ðə ɪz ˌɪˈrɛləvənt; ðə skɔr ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə ˈstrəkʧər əv ðə ˈpæsɪʤ. ɛz səʧ, ðə ˈkɑnstrəkt ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈkæpʧər ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz əv ðə kəmˈplɛksɪti əv θɔt ɔn ə brɔd ˈlɛvəl ðət ɪz kənˈsɛpʧuəli ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əv ðə ˈkɑntɛnt doʊˈmeɪn əv ðə ˈpæsɪʤ. ɪt ɪz ɪn pɑrt fər ðɪs brɛdθ ðət kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪz ðə moʊst ˈwaɪdli juzd ˈskɔrɪŋ ˈsɪstəm fər ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ðə kəmˈplɛksɪti əv ˈsteɪtmənts (e.g*., ˈkɑnˌweɪ, ˈkɑnˌweɪ, ˈgɔrnɪk, haʊk, 2014 ˈkɑnˌweɪ ˈgɔrnɪk, 2011 ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2012 ˈkɑnˌweɪ,, ˈklɛmənts, 2003 ˈkɑnˌweɪ,, , 2001 haʊk ɛt æl., 2014 , 1988 ɛt æl., 1994 ˈleɪtən, 2002 , 1976, 1984 1986 doʊˈmeɪn ˌspɛsəˈfɪsəti ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi ə free”*” ˈmɛʒərmənt, ðɪs dɪz nɑt min ðət participants’*’ kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪz baɪ ðə doʊˈmeɪn əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst. ˌɪnˈdid, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈkɑntɛnt doʊˈmeɪn ɪz nɑt ˈɔfən ə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈrisərʧ, ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn həz bɪn ʃoʊn tɪ ˈɪnfluəns kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪn səm laɪnz əv ˈrisərʧ (ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2011 ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2012 ˈpænsər ɛt æl., 1995, 2000, ɛt æl., 1994 wallbaum*, 1992, 1986, ˈpitərsən, ˈlərnər, 1996 ɪn ɔl ðɪs wərk, ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈkɑntɛnt doʊˈmeɪn ðət ˈpipəl roʊt ər tɔkt əˈbaʊt ˈmætərd fər ðə ˈəltəmət kəmˈplɛksɪti ðeɪ prəˈdust. ðəs, ɪt ɪz wərθ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ mɔr ˈfʊli ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti. ɑr ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl fɔrmz əv kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈrisəntli, ə nu ˈskɔrɪŋ ˈsɪstəm fər ˈpɑrsɪŋ kəmˈplɛksɪti skɔrz ˈɪntu ˈdɪfərənt taɪps əv kəmˈplɛksɪti həz bɪn ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli ˈvælədeɪtəd (ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2011 ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, səm kəmˈplɛksɪti skɔrz ər ˈdrɪvən baɪ ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti, wɪʧ ɪz kəmˈplɛksɪti əˈʧivd baɪ ˈgɪvɪŋ lɪˈʤɪtəməsi tɪ tu əˈpoʊzɪŋ vˈjuˌpɔɪnts. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, səm kəmˈplɛksɪti skɔrz ər ˈdrɪvən baɪ kəmˈplɛksɪti, wɪʧ ɪz kəmˈplɛksɪti əˈʧivd baɪ dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ər ɪkˈspændɪŋ əˈpɑn wən ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr vˈjuˌpɔɪnt (si ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2011 ɔl məˈtɪriəlz ɪn ˈstədiz ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈɑrtɪkəl wər skɔrd fər kəmˈplɛksɪti ənd ðə tu ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd ɪn ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl. 2008 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi hir ɑpt tɪ ˈprɛzənt rɪˈzəlts ɪn ðoʊz ˈstədiz ɔn ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl fɔrmz əv kəmˈplɛksɪti. ɑr ˈrizənz fər duɪŋ soʊ ər three‐fold*. fərst, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl əv ðə praɪər wərk ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈsaɪtɪd ɪn baɪ ʤɑst ɛt æl. 2003 ənd væn ɛt æl. 2010 kəmz frəm. wɪn ˈskɔrɪŋ kəmˈplɛksɪti, həz ˈoʊnli ˈkoʊdɪd ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl fɔrmz əv kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪn hɪz wərk (si ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 fər ə ˌrivˈju). ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðə bɛst dɪˈrɛkt kəmˈpɛrəsən wɪθ praɪər wərk ʃoʊɪŋ kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti ɪz ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti. ˈsɛkənd, ðɪs ˈfoʊkɪs meɪks kənˈsɛpʧuəl sɛns, bɪˈkəz ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl fɔrmz əv kəmˈplɛksɪti moʊst ˈklɪrli mæp ɔn tɪ ðə əv ðə right”*” aɪˈdiə. ɪt ɪz ɪn ðɛr ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti ər ənˈwɪlɪŋnɪs tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt θɪŋz frəm ˈdɪfərənt pɔɪnts əv vju ðət kənˈsərvətɪvz ər səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ˈlækɪŋ: ənd ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti bɛst ˈkæpʧərz ðət ˈæˌspɛkt (si ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 θərd, ɑr rɪˈzəlts ər ˈstrɔŋgər ənd mɔr kənˈsɪstənt ˈjuzɪŋ ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl fɔrmz əv kəmˈplɛksɪti, ənd ðəs wi ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət pɑrt əv ɑr dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˈprɛzənt ðɪs sɛt əv rɪˈzəlts ɪz æd hɑk. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi ˈɔlsoʊ pərˈfɔrmd ɔl æˈnælɪˌsiz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈlɑrʤər kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈkɑnstrəkt, ənd ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈpætərn əv rɪˈzəlts ɪn moʊst ˈkeɪsɪz ɪz ˈsɪmələr (si ˈfʊtˌnoʊt 12 fər ˈditeɪlz). ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈdid ˈnoʊtˌwərði ðət ðə ki ˈmɑdərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈifɛkts ˌriˈpɔrtəd hir ər ˈstrɔŋgəst fər ðə fɔrm əv kəmˈplɛksɪti (ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti) ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz ər səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ˈwikəst. ˈjuzɪŋ ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti bɪˈloʊ ɪn ˈstədiz wi ʃoʊ ðət, ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ðə kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti haɪˈpɑθəsəs, noʊ meɪn ˈifɛkt ˈimərʤɪz əv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðiz rɪˈzəlts ər ˈbɛtər ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzd baɪ ən ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃən. ˈstədi 2 ˈmɛθəd pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈoʊvər ə spæn, ˌəndərˈgræʤəwət pɑrˈtɪsəpənts æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv mɑnˈtænə kəmˈplitɪd kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr ˈpækɪts, ˈjuʒəwəli ɪn lɑrʤ ˈsɛʃənz ɪkˈsidɪŋ 100 kəmˈplɛksɪti kˈwɛʃən stɛmz pɑrˈtɪsəpənts kəmˈplitɪd wən əv 13 ˈpɑsəbəl kˈwɛʃən stɛmz ðət ˈmoʊstli dɛlt wɪθ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɪʃuz (ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈtɑpɪk stɛmz ˌɪnˈklud penalty,”*,” ““abortion,”*,” ənd religion”*”). ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz wər ˈleɪtər ˈkoʊdɪd baɪ treɪnd ˈskɔrərz fər kəmˈplɛksɪti. moʊst əv ðiz ˈaɪtəmz wər ˈʧoʊzən bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæd bɪn ˈpriviəsli əˈsɛst fər ðɛr ɪn wən əv tu praɪər, ˈrisərʧ ˈproʊˌgræmz (ivz, eysenck*, ˈmɑrtɪn, 1989 ˈmɑrtɪn, ivz, hiθ, ˈʤɑrˌdaɪn, ˈfaɪŋgoʊld, eysenck*, 1986 si ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2011 fər dɪˈskrɪpʃənz əv ˈtɑpɪk səˈlɛkʃən). kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈkoʊdɪŋ ˈstədi 2 wɑz skɔrd baɪ hu hæd ˈteɪkən ən ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv ˈtreɪnɪŋ kɔrs ənd əˈʧivd ə 85 riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti skɔr wɪθ ən ˈɛkspərt kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈkoʊdər ənd hu hæd ˈsəbsəkwəntli rɪˈsivd ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪn ˈskɔrɪŋ ðə subconstructs*. rɪˈspɑnsɪz wər ˈkoʊdɪd baɪ ɪn ““blocks”*” əv əraʊnd 500 rɪˈspɑnsɪz iʧ. fər iʧ blɑk, ˈɛvəri ˈkoʊdər əv ðət blɑk skɔrd ɔl pɑrˈtɪsəpənts (ənd ðəs ɔl ˈtɑpɪks) fər ðət blɑk. ðəs, ˈsəməri skɔrz prəˈvaɪdɪd bɪˈloʊ ər ðə ˈævərɪʤ əv fər iʧ pɑrˈtɪsəpənt. tɪ ʧɛk fər riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti, wi kəmˈpjutɪd ˈstændərˌdaɪzd fər iʧ blɑk ˈsɛpərətli (bɪˈkəz ɔl skɔrd ɔl rɪˈspɑnsɪz ɪn iʧ blɑk, ən ˈælfə ɪz ən əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈmɛtrɪk əv riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti). riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti ɔn iʧ əv ðə ˈdɪfərənt blɑks wɑz ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri, wɪθ ˈstændərˌdaɪzd fər ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm 86 tɪ 89 (ɛm 88 ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈmɛʒərmənt ɔl pɑrˈtɪsəpənts kəmˈplitɪd ðə seɪm tu kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈmɛʒərmənts əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi juzd ɪn ˈstədi 1 ðiz wər ˈævrɪʤd tɪ ˈproʊdus ə ˈsɪŋgəl kənˈtɪnjuəs conservatism”*” skɔr. fər boʊθ ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 wi kənˈvərtɪd ðɪs skɔr ˈɪntu ə ˌkætəˈgɔrɪkəl ˈmɛʒərmənt ɪn ə ˈmænər aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ɑr ˈmɛθəd ɪn ˈstədi 1 fər ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈæbsəˌlut ˈvæljuz. wi dɪd ðɪs bɪˈkəz ðə ˈkɑrənt kənˈsɛpʧuəl keɪs biɪŋ meɪd ɪz ðət kənˈsərvətɪvz ər. bɪˈkəz ðə sloʊp əv ðə laɪn ɪn ə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən maɪt nɑt ˈfʊli ˈkæpʧər ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ˈpərsənz ɔn iʧ saɪd əv ðə dɪˈvaɪd, ðɛr ɪz ˈvælju ɪn kənˈsɪdərɪŋ wət ˈpipəl hu ˈklæsəˌfaɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz biɪŋ ɔn ðə ““conservative”*” saɪd əv ðə ˈlɛʤər ər laɪk, ɛz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðoʊz ɔn ðə ““liberal”*” saɪd, ɪn mɔr ˌkætəˈgɔrɪkəl tərmz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ˈjuzɪŋ ə əˈproʊʧ fər ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 wʊd bi ˈfɛrli ˈkəmbərsəm, du tɪ ðə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪnz (wɪθ ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn ˈsərvɪŋ ɛz wən əv ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ivs*). ðəs, fər iz əv ˈtɛstɪŋ ˌɪnərˈækʃənz, ən əˈproʊʧ ðət ˈjuzɪz ˈkætəˌgɔriz fər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ɪz mɔr ˈpræktɪkəli ˈjusfəl. ˈpərsənz hu skɔrd əˈbəv ðə ˈmɪdˌpɔɪnt wər ˈkætəgərˌaɪzd ɛz kənˈsərvətɪv, waɪl ðoʊz bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈmɪdˌpɔɪnt wər ˈkætəgərˌaɪzd ɛz ˈlɪˌbərəl. ðɪs riˈmuvd pɑrˈtɪsəpənts raɪt æt ðə ˈmɪdˌpɔɪnt, ˈlivɪŋ fər ɑr meɪn æˈnælɪˌsiz ɪn ˈstədi 2 (ˈlɪˌbərəl 852 kənˈsərvətɪv 471 rɪˈzəlts ənd dɪˈskəʃən æˈnælɪˌsiz wər fərst pərˈfɔrmd wɪˈθɪn ə 2 (ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi: linz raɪt ˈvərsəz linz lɛft) 13 (ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn). baɪ fɑr ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˈifɛkt wɑz fər ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn 1297 pi 001 noʊ meɪn ˈifɛkt əv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈimərʤd, wɪθ kənˈsərvətɪvz (ɛm ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz (ɛm ˈhævɪŋ ˈvərʧuəli aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ˈoʊvərˌɔl kəmˈplɛksɪti minz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ən ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃən ˈimərʤd, wɪθ kənˈsərvətɪvz haɪər ɔn səm ˈtɑpɪks ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz haɪər ɔn ˈəðərz, ˌɪnərˈækʃən 1297 pi 02 tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə dɪˈgri ðət ðɪs ˌɪnərˈækʃən wɑz ˈdrɪvən baɪ kənˈsərvətɪv ər ˈlɪˌbərəl kəmˈplɛksɪti (ər boʊθ ˈikwəli), wi kriˈeɪtɪd səm æd hɑk ˈkætəˌgɔriz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə ˈəpər əv ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz, rɪˈspɛktɪvli, wər haɪəst ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti (dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti fər ðət ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz wər haɪər wər: dɛθ ˈpɛnəlti ɪz bɑrˈbɛrɪk ənd ʃʊd bi əˈbɑlɪʃt, ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm, ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz, ənd ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ. ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ ˈlɪˌbərəlz wər haɪər ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti wər: ˈpipəl ʃʊd faɪnd aʊt ɪf ðeɪ ər ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈsutɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmɛrɪʤ, ˈbaɪbəl truθ, ˈælkəˌhɑl, ənd ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp. (ðiz æˈnælɪˌsiz riˈmuv ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ ˈlɪˌbərəlz ənd kənˈsərvətɪvz wər ˈrəfli ˈikwəl ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti). ə 2 (ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi) hɑk doʊˈmeɪn taɪp: kənˈsərvətɪvz haɪər ər ˈlɪˌbərəlz haɪər) rɪˈvild, prɪˈdɪktəbli, ən ˌɪnərˈækʃən bɪtˈwin ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd doʊˈmeɪn taɪp, 734 pi 001 ɛz kən bi sin ɪn ˈteɪbəl 1 ðɪs ˌɪnərˈækʃən ɪz ˈklɪrli ə tru ˈkrɔˌsoʊvər ˌɪnərˈækʃən, wɪθ kənˈsərvətɪvz ˈskɔrɪŋ haɪər ðən ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɔn səm ˈtɑpɪks, waɪl ðə rɪˈvərs ɪz tru fər ˈəðərz. ˌɪnˈdid, taɪp ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz ʃoʊd ˈrəfli ˈsɪmələr ˈifɛkt ˈsaɪzɪz fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz wər haɪər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti 12 pi 03 ənd ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz wər loʊər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti pi 06 ˈfɪʃərz kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz pi 01 ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən bɪtˈwin doʊˈmeɪn taɪp ənd ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ɪz ˈrəfli ˈikwəli əˈtrɪbjətəbəl tɪ ðə fækt ðət kənˈsərvətɪvz wər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz haɪər ðən ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti ɛz ɪt ɪz tɪ ðə fækt ðət ˈlɪˌbərəlz wər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz haɪər ðən kənˈsərvətɪvz. ˈstədi 3 ˈmɛθəd pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈoʊvər ə spæn, 728 ˌəndərˈgræʤəwət pɑrˈtɪsəpənts æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv mɑnˈtænə kəmˈplitɪd ən kˈwɛʃən pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ ən əreɪ əv ˈætəˌtudz ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər kɔrs ˈkrɛdɪt, ˈjuʒəwəli ɪn lɑrʤ ˈsɛʃənz ɪkˈsidɪŋ 100 kəmˈplɛksɪti kˈwɛʃən stɛmz ðə 30 kˈwɛʃən stɛmz wər ˈteɪkən dɪˈrɛkli frəm ə ˈrisərʧ ˈproʊˌgræm ðət wɑz nɑt ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd baɪ ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi, bət ˈrəðər bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæd bɪn ˈpriviəsli əˈsɛst fər ðɛr ɪn ə ˈprɑʤɛkt (ˈoʊlsən, ˈvərnən, ˈhɛrɪs, ʤæŋ, 2001 ðət wɑz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm juzd ɪn ˈstədi 2 kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈkoʊdɪŋ ɛz ɪn ˈstədi 2 ˈstədi 3 wɑz skɔrd baɪ treɪnd ɪn ““blocks”*” əv əraʊnd 400 rɪˈspɑnsɪz iʧ. fər iʧ blɑk, ˈɛvəri ˈkoʊdər əv ðət blɑk skɔrd ɔl pɑrˈtɪsəpənts (ənd ðəs ɔl ˈtɑpɪks) fər ðət blɑk. ðəs, ˈsəməri skɔrz prəˈvaɪdɪd bɪˈloʊ ər ðə ˈævərɪʤ əv fər iʧ pɑrˈtɪsəpənt. tɪ ʧɛk fər riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti, wi kəmˈpjutɪd ˈstændərˌdaɪzd fər iʧ blɑk ˈsɛpərətli. riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti ɔn iʧ əv ðə ˈdɪfərənt blɑks wɑz ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri, wɪθ ˈstændərˌdaɪzd fər ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm 81 tɪ 82 (ɛm 81 pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi wi ˈmɛʒərd ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ɪn ə ˈmænər aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ˈstədi 2 ənd ˈfərðər kəmˈpjutɪd ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˌkætəˈgɔrɪkəl skɔr aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ðət ˈstədi. ðɪs ˈmɛθəd (wɪʧ riˈmuvz pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈskɔrɪŋ dɪˈrɛkli æt ðə ˈmɪdˌpɔɪnt əv ðə skeɪl) lɛft 633 fər ɑr meɪn æˈnælɪˌsiz (ˈlɪˌbərəl 395 kənˈsərvətɪv 238 rɪˈzəlts ənd dɪˈskəʃən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl æˈnælɪˌsiz wər pərˈfɔrmd wɪˈθɪn ə 2 (ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi: linz raɪt ˈvərsəz linz lɛft) 30 (ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn). wəns əˈgɛn, baɪ fɑr ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˈifɛkt wɑz fər ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn 573 pi 001 noʊ meɪn ˈifɛkt əv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈimərʤd, wɪθ kənˈsərvətɪvz (ɛm ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz (ɛm ˈhævɪŋ ˈvərʧuəli aɪˈdɛntɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti minz. ənˈlaɪk ɪn ˈstədi 2 noʊ klɪr ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃən ˈimərʤd ɪn ˈstədi 3 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə dɪˈskrɪptɪv ˈdætə səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz kənˈsərvətɪvz wər haɪər ðən ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɔn səm ˈtɑpɪks ənd vaɪs ˈvərsə, bət ðət smɔl sɛl ˈsaɪzɪz (ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz ɛn 7 ənd ðə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv sɛlz meɪd ɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ faɪnd ən ˈifɛkt ɪn ðə 2 30. wi ˈsəbsəkwəntli ˈfɑloʊd ən æd hɑk prəˈsiʤər aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ðət ɪn ˈstədi 2 spəˈsɪfɪkli, wi kriˈeɪtɪd səm æd hɑk ˈkætəˌgɔriz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə ˈəpər əv ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz, rɪˈspɛktɪvli, wər haɪəst ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti. ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz wər haɪər wər: ˈwɛrɪŋ kloʊðz ðət drɔ əˈtɛnʃən, ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪŋ, dɛθ ˈpɛnəlti, ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən, sˈmoʊkɪŋ, ˈrɛdɪŋ bʊks, ˌkæˈstreɪʃən, laʊd mˈjuzɪk, ˈroʊlər ˈkoʊstər raɪdz, ənd ˈizi ˈækˌsɛs tɪ bərθ kənˈtroʊl. ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ ˈlɪˌbərəlz wər haɪər ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti wər: biɪŋ əˈsərtɪv, ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd rɪˈlɪʤən, ˈkrɔsˌwərdz, ˈpəblɪk ˈspikɪŋ, əˈbɔrʃən ɔn dɪˈmænd, bɪg ˈpɑrtiz, pleɪɪŋ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd spɔrts, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈreɪʃəl dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən ˌɪˈligəl, ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, biɪŋ ðə ˈsɛnər əv əˈtɛnʃən. (ðɪs æˈnælɪˌsiz riˈmuvz ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ ˈlɪˌbərəlz ənd kənˈsərvətɪvz wər ˈrəfli ˈikwəl ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti.) ə 2 (ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi) 2 (æd hɑk doʊˈmeɪn taɪp) rɪˈvild ən ˌɪnərˈækʃən bɪtˈwin ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd doʊˈmeɪn taɪp, 374 pi 001 ɛz kən bi sin ɪn ˈteɪbəl 1 ðɪs ˌɪnərˈækʃən ɪz ˈklɪrli ə tru ˈkrɔˌsoʊvər ˌɪnərˈækʃən, wɪθ kənˈsərvətɪvz ˈskɔrɪŋ haɪər ðən ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɔn səm ˈtɑpɪks, waɪl ðə rɪˈvərs ɪz tru fər ˈəðərz. ˌɪnˈdid, ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz ʃoʊd ˈrəfli ˈsɪmələr ˈifɛkt ˈsaɪzɪz fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz wər haɪər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti 15 pi 03 ənd ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz wər loʊər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti pi 01 ˈfɪʃərz zi pi 01 ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən bɪtˈwin doʊˈmeɪn taɪp ənd ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ɪz ˈrəfli ˈikwəli əˈtrɪbjətəbəl tɪ ðə fækt ðət kənˈsərvətɪvz wər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz haɪər ðən ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti ɛz ɪt ɪz tɪ ðə fækt ðət ˈlɪˌbərəlz wər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz haɪər ðən əˈdɪʃənəl rɪˈzəlts frəm ˈstədiz tɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt, wi hæv tɔkt ˈlusli əˈbaʊt ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz wɪˈθaʊt ˈklɪrli ˈspɛsəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri ˈvɛriəbəlz ðət maɪt əˈkaʊnt fər səʧ ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. ðɪs ɪz ˈpɑrʃəli ˈpraɪˌmɛri goʊl ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz tɪ dɪˈskəs ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər səʧ ˌɪnərˈækʃənz æt ə lɑrʤ ˈlɛvəl ənd nɑt tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ə dəˈbeɪt əˈbaʊt ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ðoʊz ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɔn ə ˈsəbˌsɛt əv ɑr ˈdætə fər ˈstədiz wi kəˈlɛktəd ə fju ˈvɛriəbəlz ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz ðət wi bɪˈlivd maɪt hɛlp ɪkˈspleɪn ðoʊz ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. (wi dɪd nɑt kəˈlɛkt ˈɛni əv ðiz əˈdɪʃənəl ˈvɛriəbəlz fər ˈstədi 4 ðəs, waɪl nɑt ɑr ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpərpəs, wi ˈbrifli ˈsəmərˌaɪz ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ðoʊz æˈnælɪˌsiz hir. ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi ˈmɛʒərd ˈəðər ˈvɛriəbəlz (fər ə ˈsəməri, si ˈfʊtˌnoʊt 11 wi spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ə sɛt əv ˈvɛriəbəlz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ə ˈgɪvɪn ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ. kənˈsɛpʧuəli ənd ɛmˈpɪrɪkəli, ˈætəˌtud ɪz ˈnɛgətɪvli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl fɔrmz əv kəmˈplɛksɪti (si ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2011 ðəs, ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ˈlɪˌbərəlz ənd kənˈsərvətɪvz ˈdɪfər ɔn wət ˈtɑpɪks ðeɪ hoʊld strɔŋ ˈætəˌtudz ɔn, ənd ðɪs fækt maɪt hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈifɛkts əv kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti. wi ˈtɛstɪd ðə ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz əv ðɪs ɪn ˈstədiz ˈstədi 1 fər ˈstədi 1 ɔl pɑrˈtɪsəpənts hu kəmˈplitɪd ðə ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪlz ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈplitɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɛʒərmənts ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈætəˌtud wɪθ ðə ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn: 1 ˈtɑpɪk ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns, 2 ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt wɪθ ðə ˈtɑpɪk, 3 ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ ðə ˈtɑpɪk, 4 ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ðɛr əˈpɪnjən ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk, ənd 5 ˈætəˌtud ɛkˈstrɛməti (ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ haʊ fɑr ðeɪ wər frəm ðə ˈmɪdˌpɔɪnt ɪn ˈæbsəˌlut tərmz ɔn ən əˈgrimənt ˈaɪtəm). wi kənˈvərtɪd iʧ ˈmɛʒərmənt tɪ ə ənd ˈævrɪʤd ðɛm ˈɪntu ən ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ skɔr. kənˈsɛpʧuəli, ɪf kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz ˈdɪfərd ɪn wət ˈtɑpɪks ðeɪ wər dɔgˈmætɪk əˈbaʊt du tɪ ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ, ðɛn ˈlɪˌbərəlz ʃʊd hoʊld ˈstrɔŋgər ˈætəˌtudz ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪks ðeɪ wər mɔr dɔgˈmætɪk ɔn (ənd vaɪs ˈvərsə fər kənˈsərvətɪvz). ðɪs kənˈsɛpʧuəl ˈlɑʤɪk dɪˈrɛkli prɪˈdɪkts ən ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈtɑpɪk taɪp ˌɪnərˈækʃən ɔn ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ, səʧ ðət ˈlɪˌbərəlz wʊd hoʊld ˈwikər ˈætəˌtudz ɔn ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ ðeɪ skɔrd loʊər ɪn ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm (ɪn ðɪs keɪs, rɪˈlɪʤən), waɪl kənˈsərvətɪvz wʊd hoʊld ˈwikər ˈætəˌtudz ɔn ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ ðeɪ skɔrd loʊər ɪn ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm (ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈɪʃuz). wi ˈtɛstɪd ðɪs baɪ kəmˈpjutɪŋ ən ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi (ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈvərsəz kənˈsərvətɪv) ˈtɑpɪk taɪp (ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈvərsəz rɪˈlɪʤən) ˌɪnərˈækʃən ɔn ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ. rɪˈzəlts wər kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ɑr kənˈsɛpʧuəl ˈlɑʤɪk: kənˈsərvətɪvz hɛld ˈstrɔŋgər ˈætəˌtudz fər ðə doʊˈmeɪn ɔn wɪʧ ðeɪ wər mɔr dɔgˈmætɪk (kənˈsərvətɪvz 27 ˈlɪˌbərəlz 10 waɪl ˈlɪˌbərəlz hɛld ˈstrɔŋgər ˈætəˌtudz fər ðə doʊˈmeɪn ɔn wɪʧ ðeɪ wər mɔr dɔgˈmætɪk (kənˈsərvətɪvz ˈlɪˌbərəlz ˌɪnərˈækʃən pi 01 ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 ˈætəˌtud wi pərˈfɔrmd ə ˈsɪmələr sɛt əv æˈnælɪˌsiz ɔn ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr: ɔn ə ˈsəbˌsɛt əv ɑr ˈdætə ðət kəmˈpraɪzd pɑrt əv ðə ˈsæmpəl fər ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 (ɛn 423 ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈæftər kəmˈplitɪŋ ðə ˈsteɪtmənts ðət wər skɔrd fər kəmˈplɛksɪti, pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈplitɪd ˈmɛʒərmənts əv ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ðoʊz juzd ɪn ˈstədi 1 ɛz ɪn ˈstədi 1 wi kənˈvərtɪd iʧ ˈmɛʒərmənt tɪ ə ənd ˈævrɪʤd ðɛm ˈɪntu ən ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ skɔr. kənˈsɛpʧuəli, ɪf kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz ˈdɪfərd ɪn wət ˈtɑpɪks ðeɪ wər mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks əˈbaʊt du tɪ ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ, ðɛn ˈlɪˌbərəlz ʃʊd hoʊld ˈstrɔŋgər ˈætəˌtudz ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪks ðeɪ wər lɛs ˈkɑmplɛks ɔn (ənd vaɪs ˈvərsə fər kənˈsərvətɪvz). ðəs, wi kəmˈpjutɪd ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi (ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈvərsəz kənˈsərvətɪv) æd hɑk ˈtɑpɪk taɪp (ˈlɪˌbərəl haɪər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈvərsəz kənˈsərvətɪv haɪər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti) ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. rɪˈzəlts wər ˈlɑrʤli kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ biɪŋ ən ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri ˈvɛriəbəl, bət ðə ˌɪnfərˈɛnʃəl stəˈtɪstɪks wər nɑt ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, fər ˈstədi 2 kənˈsərvətɪvz hɛld ˈstrɔŋgər ˈætəˌtudz fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ ˈlɪˌbərəlz wər haɪər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti (kənˈsərvətɪvz 16 ˈlɪˌbərəlz waɪl ˈlɪˌbərəlz hɛld ˈstrɔŋgər ˈætəˌtudz fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz wər haɪər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti (kənˈsərvətɪvz ˈlɪˌbərəlz 00 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ˌɪnərˈækʃən wɑz nɑt stəˈtɪstɪkəli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt (pi 184 ə ˈsɪmələr ˈpætərn ˈimərʤd fər ˈstədi 3 wɛr kənˈsərvətɪvz hɛld ˈstrɔŋgər ˈætəˌtudz fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ ˈlɪˌbərəlz wər haɪər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti (kənˈsərvətɪvz 21 ˈlɪˌbərəlz waɪl ðɪs ˈdɪfərəns wɑz ɛˈsɛnʃəli nɑt ɪn ˈɛvədəns fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz wər haɪər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti (kənˈsərvətɪvz 05 ˈlɪˌbərəlz 04 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ˌɪnərˈækʃən wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt stəˈtɪstɪkəli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt (pi ˈstədi 4 2004 dəˈbeɪts ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ həz ˈɔfən bɪn dɪˈskəst ɛz ə ˌproʊtoʊˈtɪpɪkəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv əv kənˈsərvətɪvz (e.g*., ˈsaɪməntən, 2006 bət ɪf, ɛz wi hæv ˈɑrgjud, kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪz ˈlɑrʤli ˈdrɪvən baɪ ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn, ðɛn ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ kənˈsɪdər wət doʊˈmeɪn ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt. ɪn ˈstədi 4 wi kəmˈpɛr bʊʃ ˈvərsəz hɪz əˈpoʊnənt ɪn ðə 2004 ɪˈlɛkʃən kæmˈpeɪn, ʤɑn ˈkɛri, əˈkrɔs 15 ˈdɪfərənt ˈtɑpɪks ðət wər dɪˈskəst ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl dəˈbeɪts. ˈmɛθəd ˈpɛrəˌgræf səˈlɛkʃən əˈkrɔs θri ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl dəˈbeɪts, ðə tu ˈkænədɪts wər spəˈsɪfɪkli dɪˈrɛktɪd tɪ dɪˈskəs 15 ˈdɪfərənt ˈtɑpɪks, ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm dəˈmɛstɪk ˈɪʃuz (e.g*., ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi) tɪ ˈmɔrəl dɪˈskəʃənz (e.g*., əˈbɔrʃən) tɪ ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi (e.g*., ðə ˌɪˈrɑk wɔr). frəm iʧ dəˈbeɪt, wi ˈrændəmli səˈlɛktɪd faɪv ˈpɛrəˌgræfs pər ˈtɑpɪk pər ˈkænədɪt. ɪf ðə ˈkænədɪt dɪd nɑt prəˈvaɪd faɪv ˈpɛrəˌgræfs ɪn ə ˈgɪvɪn dəˈbeɪt fər ə ˈgɪvɪn ˈtɑpɪk, wi juzd ɔl ðə əˈveɪləbəl ˈpɛrəˌgræfs fər ðət ˈtɑpɪk. ˈpɛrəˌgræf ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən ənd ˈskɔrɪŋ ɛz ɪz ˈstændərd ɪn ɑrˈkaɪvəl kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈrisərʧ (e.g*., ˈkɑnˌweɪ ˈkɑnˌweɪ, 2011 ræŋk, 1976, 1984 ˈkɑnˌweɪ, 2007 wi riˈmuvd ɔl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm ðə səˈlɛktɪd ˈpɛrəˌgræfs ðət maɪt dɪˈrɛkli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ hu ðə ˈspikər ɪz ənd ˌriˈpleɪst ðət wɪθ ʤəˈnɛrɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ənd ðɛn wi pərˈzɛnəd ðə ˈpɛrəˌgræfs ɪn ˈrændəm ˈɔrdər tɪ fɔr treɪnd ˈskɔrərz. ɔl ˈskɔrərz ˈkoʊdɪd ɔl ˈpɛrəˌgræfs. riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti fər ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈprɑʤɛkt wɑz ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri (ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈælfə 75 ðə fɔr coders’*’ skɔrz wər ˈævrɪʤd ˈɪntu ə ˈsɪŋgəl kəmˈplɛksɪti skɔr. rɪˈzəlts ənd dɪˈskəʃən æˈnælɪˌsiz wər fərst pərˈfɔrmd wɪˈθɪn ə 2 (ˈkænədɪt: bʊʃ ˈvərsəz ˈkɛri) 15 (ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn). baɪ fɑr ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˈifɛkt wɑz fər ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn 65 pi 01 noʊ meɪn ˈifɛkt əv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈimərʤd, wɪθ kənˈsərvətɪv bʊʃ (ɛm ənd ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈkɛri (ɛm ˈhævɪŋ ˈvərʧuəli aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ˈoʊvərˌɔl kəmˈplɛksɪti minz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ən ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃən ˈimərʤd, wɪθ bʊʃ haɪər ɔn səm ˈtɑpɪks ənd ˈkɛri haɪər ɔn ˈəðərz, ˌɪnərˈækʃən 65 pi 05 tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈrɛlətɪv strɛŋθ əv ˈbʊʃɪz ənd ˈkɛriz kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪn kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ tɪ ðɪs ˌɪnərˈækʃən, wi kriˈeɪtɪd səm æd hɑk ˈkætəˌgɔriz baɪ ˈgrupɪŋ ˈtɑpɪk taɪps təˈgɛðər ɔn wɪʧ ˈbʊʃɪz ənd ˈkɛriz kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈdɪfərd. spəˈsɪfɪkli, wi kriˈeɪtɪd ˈdɪfərəns skɔrz fər iʧ ˈtɑpɪk ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə dɪˈgri ðət ˈiðər bʊʃ ər ˈkɛri wɑz haɪər ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti fər ðət ˈtɑpɪk, ənd ðɛn juzd ðə ˈəpər əv ðiz ˈdɪfərəns skɔrz fər iʧ ˈkænədɪt tɪ kriˈeɪt tu ˈkætəˌgɔriz: ðə faɪv ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ bʊʃ wɑz haɪər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti ənd ðə faɪv ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ ˈkɛri wɑz haɪər. (ðɪs ˈstrætəʤi ɪz əˈnæləgəs tɪ ðə ˈstrætəʤi fər kriˈeɪtɪŋ æd hɑk ˈkætəˌgɔriz ɪn ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 ˈjuzɪŋ ðiz kraɪˈtɪriə, ðə ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ bʊʃ wɑz haɪər ðən ˈkɛri wər: rɪˈlɪʤən, sɪˈkjʊrəti, stɛm sɛlz, ˈhɛlθˌkɛr, ənd əˈfərmətɪv ˈækʃən. ðə ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ ˈkɛri wɑz haɪər ðən bʊʃ wər: ˌɪˈrɑk, ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi ˈɪʃuz, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪʃuz, əˈbɔrʃən, ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. ə 2 (ˈkænədɪt) 2 (æd hɑk doʊˈmeɪn taɪp: bʊʃ haɪər ər ˈkɛri haɪər) rɪˈvild ən ˌɪnərˈækʃən bɪtˈwin ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd doʊˈmeɪn taɪp, 58 pi 001 ɛz kən bi sin ɪn ˈteɪbəl 1 ðɪs ˌɪnərˈækʃən ɪz ˈklɪrli ə tru ˈkrɔˌsoʊvər ˌɪnərˈækʃən, wɪθ bʊʃ ˈskɔrɪŋ haɪər ðən ˈkɛri ɔn səm ˈtɑpɪks, waɪl ðə rɪˈvərs ɪz tru fər ˈəðərz. ˌɪnˈdid, kəmˈpɛrəsənz taɪp ʃoʊd ˈrəfli ˈsɪmələr ˈifɛkts fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ bʊʃ wɑz haɪər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti (ˈifɛkt əv ˈkænədɪt pi 01 ənd ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ ˈkɛri wɑz haɪər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti (ˈifɛkt əv ˈkænədɪt pi ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən bɪtˈwin doʊˈmeɪn taɪp ənd ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ɪz ˈrəfli ˈikwəli əˈtrɪbjətəbəl tɪ ðə fækt ðət bʊʃ wɑz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz haɪər ðən ˈkɛri ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti ɛz ɪt ɪz tɪ ðə fækt ðət ˈkɛri wɑz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz haɪər ðən ˈʤɛnərəl dɪˈskəʃən ər kənˈsərvətɪvz? ðə ˈprɛzənt rɪˈzəlts səˈʤɛst ðə ˈænsər tɪ ðɪs kˈwɛʃən ɪz ˈoʊnli ɔn səm topics.”*.” ɔn ˈəðər ˈtɑpɪks, kənˈsərvətɪvz ər mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən ˈlɪˌbərəlz. ˈjuzɪŋ ə lɑrʤ əreɪ əv ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪnz ənd ˈmɛθədz, wi faʊnd ðət ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ɪz pərˈhæps bɛst dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ən ˌɪnərˈækʃən bɪtˈwin ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn. ɪz ðɪs ˌɪnərˈækʃən ˈhaɪdɪŋ ə ˈlɑrʤər meɪn ˈifɛkt əv kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti? ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi faʊnd noʊ ˈɛvədəns hir əv ðə meɪn ˈifɛkt ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ˈlɪˌbərəlz ənd kənˈsərvətɪvz, ɑr ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz nɑt ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ dɪˈfɪnɪtɪvli ˈænsər ðət kˈwɛʃən wɪθ ə ““no.”*.” ˈrəðər, ðə rɪˈzəlts pərˈzɛnəd hir səˈʤɛst ðət mɔr ˈkɔʃən ʃʊd bi ˈgɪvɪn tɪ dɪˈfɪnɪtɪvli ˈænsərɪŋ ðət kˈwɛʃən wɪθ ə ““yes.”*.” ɪt meɪ bi ðət ˈlɪˌbərəlz ər, ɛz ˈmɛni hæv kleɪmd (ʤɑst ɛt æl., 2003 ɛt æl., 1996 væn ɛt æl., 2010 ənd ɛz səm əv ˈivɪn ɑr oʊn praɪər wərk səˈʤɛsts (ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2012 ˈkɑnˌweɪ, 2007 pʊld təˈwɔrdz kəmˈplɛksɪti mɔr ðən kənˈsərvətɪvz: bət wi θɪŋk səʧ ə ˈʤəʤmənt ɪz ˌpriməˈʧʊr. wət ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm maɪt ɪkˈspleɪn doʊˈmeɪn ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti? ɑr ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpərpəs ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz nɑt tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn doʊˈmeɪn ˈdɪfərənsɪz bət tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt doʊˈmeɪn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. ɪt ɪz ˌnənðəˈlɛs ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈmuvɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs wət ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈæˌspɛkts əv ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪnz maɪt hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstænd wɪn kənˈsərvətɪvz ər mɔr ər lɛs ˈkɑmplɛks ðən ˈlɪˌbərəlz. wi ˈtɛstɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz ɔn ə əv ɑr ˈdætə, ənd ðə moʊst ˈprɑməsɪŋ ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri ˈvɛriəbəl tɪ ˈimərʤ wɑz ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ. kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz ˈdɪfər ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ ðeɪ hoʊld strɔŋ ˈætəˌtudz; ənd ɪt meɪ bi ðət ðɪs vɛriəˈbɪlɪti ɪn ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ hɛlps ˈjuˈɛs ˌəndərˈstænd vɛriəˈbɪlɪti ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti. ɑr ˈdætə rɪˈvil ˈɛvədəns ðət ɪz ˈmɑdəstli kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðɪs haɪˈpɑθəsəs: əˈkrɔs ɔl θri ˈstədiz fər wɪʧ ˈdætə wɑz əˈveɪləbəl, boʊθ kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz hɛld ˈstrɔŋgər ˈætəˌtudz fər ðə ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ ðeɪ wər mɔr ɪn ˈstədi 1 ɛz ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ ðeɪ wər mɔr dɔgˈmætɪk ənd ɪn ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 ɛz ˈtɑpɪks fər wɪʧ ðeɪ wər lɛs ˈkɑmplɛks). ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɪs ˈpætərn wɑz ˈwikər fər ˈstədiz 2 ənd ðiz rɪˈzəlts prəˈvaɪd səm prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈɛvədəns ðət ðə ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ɔn ˈvɛriəbəlz meɪ bi ˈpɑrʃəli ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv doʊˈmeɪn ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ. ðɪs səˈʤɛsts tu ˈpɑsəbəl weɪz ˈfɔrwərd fər fˈjuʧər ˈrisərʧərz. fərst ənd moʊst ˈɑbviəsli, ɪt wʊd bi ˈjusfəl tɪ rən ˈstədiz wɪθ ˈgreɪtər paʊər fər ˈtɛstɪŋ ðə ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri əˈbɪləˌti əv ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ ˈmɛʒərmənts. ðɪs kʊd bi dən baɪ kəˈlɛktɪŋ ə ˈlɑrʤər grup əv pɑrˈtɪsəpənts, bət ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ maɪt bi ˈjusfəl tɪ səˈlɛkt ˈtɑpɪks ə ðət wər əˈspɛʃəli proʊn tɪ ʃoʊ ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ˈlɪˌbərəlz ənd kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd rən mɔr ˈfoʊkɪst tɛsts wɪθ ðoʊz doʊˈmeɪnz ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz dɪˈrɛkli məˈnɪpjəˌleɪt ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ (ˈrəðər ðən ˈmɪrli ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ɪt ɛz wi dɪd ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈstədiz). ˈsɛkənd, ðə ˈmɛʒərmənts ˌriˈpɔrtəd hir ər ˈoʊnli wən sɛt əv ˈpɑsəbəl (ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈɪmprəˌsaɪs) ˈmɛθədz fər ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ðə ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ ˈkɑnstrəkt. ˈgɪvɪn ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri ˈvælju əv ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ ɪn ɑr ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv doʊˈmeɪn vɛriəˈbɪlɪti, fˈjuʧər wərk wʊd du wɛl tɪ ˌɪnˈklud mɔr səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈmɛθədz əv ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ ðət du nɑt rɪˈlaɪ ˈsoʊəli ɔn dɪˈrɛkt (e.g*., ˈfɑzioʊ, ˈʤæksən, ˈdəntən, ˈwɪljəmz, 1995 ˈsæmpəl ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz ðɪs ˈrisərʧ ɪz nɑt wɪˈθaʊt ɪts ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz. fərst, ɑr wərk ɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli kənˈstreɪnd tɪ juz. ˈsæmpəlz ənd ðəs ʃʊd bi ˌɪnˈtərprətəd wɪθ əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈkɔʃən. wi du nɑt noʊ ɪf ðə rɪˈzəlts pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ˈstədiz wʊd ˈʤɛnərəˌlaɪz bɪɔnd juz. ˈbɔrdərz, ənd ðə rɪˈzəlts frəm ˈstədi 4 ər frəm ə ˈsɪŋgəl juz. ɪˈlɛkʃən. wət maɪt ðɪs min fər ɑr ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv ðə rɪˈzəlts? fərst, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt ðət məʧ əv ðə keɪs fər kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti həz bɪn kəmˈpaɪld ɔn juz. ˈsæmpəlz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪn ʤɑst ɛt 2003, 81 əv ðə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɛn fər kəmˈplɛksɪti ənd 44 əv ðə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɛn fər ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm əˈkərd ɔn juz. pɑrˈtɪsəpənts. sɪns pɑrt əv ɑr eɪm ɪz tɪ ˈɔfər ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈɛvədəns ɪn ðiz ˈɛriəz, ɑr ˈdætə æt list səˈʤɛst ðət fər ðə pɑrt əv ðə ˈkɑrənt keɪs wɪʧ həz bɪn bɪlt ɔn juz. ˈsæmpəlz (ə ˈfɛrli lɑrʤ pərˈsɛnɪʤ), wi ʃʊd pərˈhæps ˌrikənˈsɪdər ɑr kəˈlɛktɪv ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈɛvədəns. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt ɪz əv kɔrs stɪl wərθ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈifɛkt əv ðə ˈkəlʧərəl ˈkɑntɛkst ɔn ɑr rɪˈzəlts. kənˈsɪdər, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðət wən əv ðə moʊst ˈseɪljənt ˈdɪfərənsɪz dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts frəm ˈəðər pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈwɛstərn ˈsæmpəlz ɪz ðət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɛz ə hoʊl ɪz mɔr kənˈsərvətɪv ðən ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈwɛstərn ˈneɪʃənz. wət ˈifɛkt maɪt ðɪs hæv? əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈmɑdəlz əv ðə ˈɔrəʤɪnz əv ˈkɑmplɛks ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ˈvælju ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm ˈmɑdəl (e.g*.,, 1986 ɛt æl., 1996 ɪf ðɪs hæd ˈɛni ˈifɛkt, ɪt wʊd bi ˈlaɪkli tɪ baɪəs ðə ˈsæmpəl baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ juz. ˈlɪˌbərəlz mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɪn ˈəðər ˈpleɪsɪz (ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ɔn ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl fɔrmz əv kəmˈplɛksɪti; si ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., ɪf ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts linz raɪt ɛz ə ˈneɪʃən, ðət minz ðət ðoʊz wi kɔl ““liberals”*” ər ˈæˌkʧuəli mɔr ɪt ɪz ˈsɛntrɪsts ðət ðə ˈvælju ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm ˈmɑdəl (ənd ə rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈmɑdəl əv bɪˈlif dɪˈfɛns; fər dɪˈskəʃənz, si ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2011 prɪˈdɪkts wʊd bi moʊst ˈkɑmplɛks. ɛz ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ðɪs wʊd meɪk ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ə skjud tɛst ðət wʊd mɔr ˈlaɪkli meɪk ˈlɪˌbərəlz ˈkɑmplɛks, bɪˈkəz ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wʊd ˈæˌkʧuəli bi lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi tru wʊd ɪn fækt bi ˈmɑdərˌeɪts hu ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli ɔn ˈævərɪʤ tɪ bi ˈkɑmplɛks (si, e.g*., ɛt æl., 1994 ðəs, ɪn ə sɛns, ɑr ˈfaɪndɪŋ noʊ meɪn ˈifɛkt (ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈfaɪndɪŋ doʊˈmeɪn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃənz) ɪn ə juz. ˈsæmpəl ɪz ðən ˈɛvədəns əˈgɛnst ðə kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti haɪˈpɑθəsəs. kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðɪs ˈnoʊʃən, ɪt ɪz wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət əˈdɪʃənəl ˈrisərʧ ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti ənd rɪˈleɪtɪd nɑt ˈsaɪtɪd ɪn ʤɑst ɛt æl. ðət ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ðə kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti ˈifɛkt meɪ bi lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi faʊnd ɪn non‐u.s*. ˈkɑnˌtɛksts. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, væn ənd 2003 ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm əˈməŋst ˈbɛlʤən ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənts wɪθ θri ˈmɛʒərmənts əv kəmˈplɛksɪti, ənd nən əv ðə ˈmɛʒərmənts wɑz stəˈtɪstɪkəli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt. ˈfərðər, ɪn ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈrəʃə, ˈlɛftɪst ˈkɑmjənəst ˈlidərz wər lɛs ˈkɑmplɛks ðən ˌkæpɪtəˈlɪstɪk rɪˈfɔrmərz hu hæd ə mɔr kənˈsərvətɪv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈboʊtgər, 1989 kwaɪt ə bɪt əv ˈrisərʧ ɔn kəˈneɪdiən pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðə kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti haɪˈpɑθəsəs. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, kəmˈpɛrɪŋ kəˈneɪdiən ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənts əˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd wɪθ tu kənˈsərvətɪv ənd tu ˈlɪˌbərəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz, ɛt æl. 1994 faʊnd noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈdɪfərənsɪz əˈməŋ ðɛm, ənd ðə haɪəst ˈoʊvərˌɔl grup ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti wɑz ðə kənˈsərvətɪv prəˈgrɛsɪv kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpɑrti. ˈsɪmələr rɪˈzəlts fər kəˈneɪdiən ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz wər faʊnd baɪ 2000 ˈskɔrɪŋ əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər pəˈlɪtɪkəl parties’*’ ˈkænədɪts fər praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 1997 ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. ˈfaɪnəli, ˈlævəli ənd 1997 faʊnd ðət mɔr ˈlɪˌbərəl ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grups skɔrd loʊər ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti (ðoʊ nɑt sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli soʊ) ðən mɔr kənˈsərvətɪv ˈfɔrɪst ˈædvəkəsi grups ɪn ə ˈkɑnflɪkt ɪn ˈbrɪtɪʃ kəˈləmbiə ˈoʊvər saʊnd. ɪn ˈsəməri, wi du nɑt vju ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ðət ɑr rɪˈzəlts wɪl ɛnd əp biɪŋ ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈoʊnli ðə juˈnaɪtɪd meɪ ˌɪnˈdid bi mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl ɪn ˈəðər ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt ɪz ˈfərðər wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət tɪ ðə dɪˈgri ðət ɑr ˈsæmpəl dɪz ɪn fækt ˈdɪfər frəm ˈəðər ˈsæmpəlz ənd wʊd jild ˈdɪfərənt rɪˈzəlts, ðɪs ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈpoʊzɪz ə ˈprɑbləm fər ðə rɪˈʤɪdəti əv ðə raɪt ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən. ˈivɪn ʃʊd ɑr rɪˈzəlts pruv tɪ bi spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈoʊnli tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ðɪs səˈʤɛsts æt ə ˈmɪnəməm ðət ˈkəlʧərəl ˈkɑntɛkst ɪz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈmɑdərˌeɪtər əv ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. ˈgɪvɪn haʊ əˈlɑrmɪŋli fju ˈkəlʧərəl ˈkɑnˌtɛksts hæv ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪn ˈtɛstɪd, ðɪs livz ˈoʊpən ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət, ˈævrɪʤd əˈkrɔs ɔl ˈkəlʧərz, wi meɪ faɪnd ə fɑr ˈwikər (ər ˈivɪn ˌnɑnəgˈzɪstənt) meɪn ˈifɛkt fər ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. ðəs, waɪl wi ˈkænɑt əv kɔrs dɪˈfɪnɪtɪvli seɪ ðət ɑr wərk wʊd ˈʤɛnərəˌlaɪz, ɑr wərk æt list meɪks ɪt klɪr ðət wi ʃʊd pɔz ɪn ɑr ˈlɑrʤər kənˈkluʒənz əˈbaʊt ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ənd sɪmˈplɪsɪti. ˈrisərʧ ˈkɑntɛnt ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz ɑr dɪˈskəʃən həz ˈkəvərd tu əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈkɑnstrəkts ɪn ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt fər kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti: ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ənd kəmˈplɛksɪti. bət ðə keɪs fər kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti ˌɪnˈkludz məʧ mɔr ðən ʤɪst ˈrisərʧ ɔn ðoʊz ˈkɑnstrəkts, ənd ɪt ˌɪnˈkludz kwaɪt ə bɪt əv ˈɛvədəns ɑr ˈθɪri dɪz nɑt əˈkaʊnt fər ˈivɪn wɪˈθɪn ðoʊz tu laɪnz əv wərk. ɪt dɪz nɑt sim ˈvɛri ˈlaɪkli ðət ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz əˈkaʊnt fər ɔl əv ðə əˈdɪʃənəl ˈɛvədəns dɪˈskəst baɪ ʤɑst ɛt æl. 2003 ɛz səʧ, ˈkɔʃən ɪz ˈwɔrəntɪd ɪn ˈɪntərˌprɛtɪŋ ðiz rɪˈzəlts ɪn ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈpɪkʧər. ˌɪnˈdid, kənˈsɪdər θri laɪnz əv ˈɛvədəns dɪˈskəst ɪn ʤɑst ɛt æl. 2003 ənd væn ɛt æl. 2010 nid fər, ˈoʊpənəs, ənd ˈprɛfərəns fər kəmˈplɛksɪti (e.g*., ˈprɛfərənsɪz fər ˈkɑmplɛks ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz ənd ˈkɑmplɛks ˈpoʊətri). ɪn iʧ keɪs, kwaɪt ə bɪt əv ˈɛvədəns ɪgˈzɪsts taɪɪŋ pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm tɪ ə ˈmoʊtɪv fər sɪmˈplɪsɪti; kənˈsərvətɪvz ər haɪər ɪn nid fər (ənd, ɪn ə mɔr nuɑnst ˈrisənt əˈkaʊnt, ˈlɪˌbərəlz hu ər haɪər ɪn nid fər ˈkloʊʒər ʃoʊ mɔr kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpɑləsi pəˈzɪʃənz; si fɛdərˈikoʊ ɛt æl., 2012 loʊər ɪn ˈoʊpənəs, ənd loʊər ɪn ˈprɛfərənsɪz fər ˈkɑmplɛks ˈɪmɪʤɪz ər poʊəmz. iʧ əv ðoʊz ˈɛriəz kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈkæpʧər ə mɔr ɪgˈzæmpəl, nid fər ˈkloʊʒər ɪz ɛz ə nid fər ˌnɑnspəˈsɪfɪk ˈkloʊʒər ðət kəts əˈkrɔs jɛt ɑr ˈrisərʧ ˈkænɑt dɪˈrɛkli spik tɪ ðət wərk. haʊ, ðɛn, du wi ˈrɛkənˌsaɪl ɑr wərk tɪ ðɪs praɪər wərk? wi dɪˈskəs θri ˈdɪfərənt pɔɪnts əv ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən bɪˈloʊ (si ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər əˈdɪʃənəl dɪˈskəʃən ɪn ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd). ðə əv kəmˈplɛksɪti ənd waɪ ɪt ˈmætərz ˈivɪn ɪf wi əˈsum ðət ðɪs praɪər wərk ɔn nid fər, ˈoʊpənəs, ənd ˈprɛfərənsɪz fər ˈkɑmplɛks məˈtɪriəlz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt fəˈnɑmənə ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz ər ˌɪnˈdid ˈsɪmpələr, ðət wʊd nɑt ˌɪnˈvælɪˌdeɪt ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ɑr ˈprɛzənt ˈfaɪndɪŋz. ɛz ˈmɛni ˈrisərʧərz hæv ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, kəmˈplɛksɪti ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz ˌməltiˈfæsətɪd (si, e.g*., ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2014 haʊk ɛt æl., 2014, mɛts, skɑt, , 2014 ðəs, ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˈprɛzənt rɪˈzəlts tərn aʊt tɪ bi ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈoʊnli tɪ ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm ənd ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə keɪs biɪŋ meɪd fər kənˈsərvətɪv wʊd ˌnənðəˈlɛs səˈʤɛst fər kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ðoʊz taɪps, ðə ˈʤɛnərəl keɪs biɪŋ meɪd əˈgɛnst kənˈsərvətɪvz ɪn ðoʊz ˈɛriəz nidz riˈvɪʒən. ðɪs wʊd ˈprɛzənt tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ə mɔr nuɑnst ənd ˈækjərət ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd kəmˈplɛksɪti ənd səˈʤɛst æt ðə list ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈpɪkʧər məst bi kˈwɑləˌfaɪd baɪ ðə taɪp əv kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈmɛʒərmənt ˈəndər ðə ˈmaɪkrəˌskoʊp. ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈpɪtˌfɔlz əv ˈmɛʒərmənt ˈfərðər, fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv dɪˈtərmənɪŋ ðə ˈævərɪʤ kəmˈplɛksɪti əv ə grup əv ˈpərsənz, ðə kaɪnz əv ˈmɛʒərmənts kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ ðə bəlk əv praɪər hæv səm əˈdɪʃənəl pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈpɪtˌfɔlz ɪn ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən. ə ˈmɛʒərmənt ɪz æt bɛst ən ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈmɑrkər əv ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈmoʊtɪv. tɪ teɪk wən ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈpərsən ə meɪ bi haɪər ðən ˈpərsən bi ɔn ðə nid fər ˈkloʊʒər skeɪl bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər ˈæˌkʧuəli mɔr ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd fər ˈkloʊʒər; bət ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ meɪ bi haɪər bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər mɔr ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrt haɪər nid fər ˈkloʊʒər (ˈivɪn ðoʊ boʊθ ˈpərsənz meɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli hæv ðə seɪm ˈlɛvəl əv ˈmoʊtɪv), ər hæv ə ˈdɪfərənt sɛt əv ˈsoʊʃəl dɪˌzaɪrəˈbɪlɪti templates*, ər ə hoʊst əv ˈəðər ˈfæktərz ðət du nɑt hæv tɪ du wɪθ ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈfərðər, ˈmɛʒərmənts ˈvɛri ɪn ðɛr dɪˈgri əv klɪr ˈoʊvərˌlæp wɪθ kəmˈplɛksɪti. kənˈsɪdər ðət ðə nid fər ˈstrəkʧər skeɪl wɑz ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ əˈvɔɪd ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ˈstrəkʧər (si, e.g*., ˈnuzəm, 1993 boʊθ ðə nid fər ˈstrəkʧər skeɪl ənd ðə ˈhaɪli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd ənd kənˈsɛpʧuəli ˈsɪmələr nid fər ˈkloʊʒər skeɪl kənˈteɪn ˈaɪtəmz ðət əˈpɪr laɪk ɛz məʧ ɛz ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ˈstrəkʧər, ənd ðə nid fər ˈstrəkʧər skeɪl ɪz ɪn fækt ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd wɪθ boʊθ ənd ˌkɑnʃiˈɛnʃəs bɪˈheɪvjərz ˈnuzəm, 1993 waɪl nid fər həz bɪn ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd wɪθ mɔr ˈmɛʒərmənts əv kəmˈplɛksɪti (e.g*., ˈnuzəm, 1993 ˈwɛbstər kruglanski*, 1994 ənd ɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˌætəˈtudənəl ““seizing”*” ðət simz ˈklɪrli kənˈsɛpʧuəli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈkɑmplɛks ˈθɪŋkɪŋ (e.g*., ˈwɛbstər kruglanski*, 1994 ɪt ɪz ˌnənðəˈlɛs wərθ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðət ðə skeɪlz du nɑt dɪˈrɛkli ˈmɛʒər ə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ θɪŋk ɪn ə ˈkɑmplɛks ˈfæʃən. ɪn ˈkɑntræst, ðə ˈskɔrɪŋ əv ˈsteɪtmənts ɪz ə məʧ mɔr dɪˈrɛkt ˈmɑrkər əv ðə ˈævərɪʤ kəmˈplɛksɪti əv ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr grups (si haʊk ɛt æl., 2014 waɪl ɪt, tu, həz ɪts ˈdrɔˌbæks, ðɪs æt ðə ˈvɛri list minz ðət wɪn ˈpərsən ə skɔrz haɪər ðən ˈpərsən bi, wi kən fil mɔr ˈkɑnfədənt ðət ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt əv ˈpərsən ə ɪz ˌɪnˈdid mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən ˈpərsən bi ɔn ðət doʊˈmeɪn. ðəs, ðɪs prəˈvaɪdz ə mɔr dɪˈrɛkt ˈmɑrkər əv ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv du mɔr ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈmɛʒərmənts əv ə ˈmoʊtɪv ðət ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd tɪ ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm. ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl dɪˈvərʤəns bɪtˈwin ənd ˈmɛʒərz ɪz ˌəndərˈskɔrd baɪ ðə fækt ðət ðə tu taɪps əv ˈmɛʒərmənts ər ˈɔfən nɑt ˈvɛri ˈhaɪli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd (si væn ɛt æl., 2010 fər ə ˈsəməri). ˌɛmˈpɪrɪkəl skoʊp əv ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈrisərʧ ɑr wərk ʃoʊz ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈpætərn əv rɪˈzəlts ðən kwaɪt ə bɪt əv praɪər wərk. waɪ ɪz ðət ðə keɪs? ðɛr ər θri kənˈsɛpʧuəl ˈrizənz waɪ ðə ˈlɪtərəʧər rɪt lɑrʤ maɪt ˈdɪfər wɪθ ðə rɪˈzəlts pərˈzɛnəd hir. ðə fərst ɪz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈɑrgjəmənt meɪd ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl: ðət praɪər wərk həz nɑt ˈfʊli əˈkaʊntɪd fər doʊˈmeɪn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. bət ɪt meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ bi ðət ɑr rɪˈzəlts ər ˈsɪmpli əˈnɑmələs. ˈæftər ɔl, fər ˈɛni ril ˈifɛkt ɪn saɪˈkɑləʤi, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ju wɪl nɑt faɪnd ðət ˈifɛkt, ər faɪnd ə rɪˈvərsəl əv ðə ˈifɛkt, ʤɪst baɪ ʧæns. relatedly*, ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ɑr rɪˈzəlts ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ən əv ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz skɔr mɔr. ˈivɪn ɪf wən grænts ðə paʊər əv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz, ɪt əv kɔrs dɪz nɑt ˈfɑloʊ ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈminɪŋfəl meɪn ˈifɛkt (si, e.g*., ɛt æl., 1996 kənˈsərvətɪvz meɪ bi mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɔn ə ˈsərtən ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈtɑpɪks, bət ðɪs meɪ rən ˈkaʊntər tɪ ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈtɛndənsiz ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd baɪ ʤɑst ɛt æl. 2003 tɪ pʊl ðɛm, æt səm ˈlɑrʤər ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈlɛvəl, təˈwɔrdz sɪmˈplɪsɪti. ˌɪnˈdid, ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ðət wi ɑrˈsɛlvz ər ɪgˈzɪbɪtɪŋ ə baɪəs ɪn ˈtɑpɪk səˈlɛkʃən: ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈtɑpɪks səˈlɛktɪd hir (wɪθ ə fju ɪkˈsɛpʃənz) wər nɑt ˈlɑrʤli səˈlɛktɪd fər ˈrizənz dɪˈrɛkli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi æt ɔl (si ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2011 ɪt ɪz ˌnənðəˈlɛs ˈsərtənli ˈpɑsəbəl ðət wi səˈlɛktɪd ə grup əv ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz ər ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈlaɪkli tɪ skɔr haɪ ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti, ðəs ˈɔfˌsɛtɪŋ ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈtɛndənsi fər ˈlɪˌbərəlz tɪ skɔr haɪər. wi ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ɑr rɪˈzəlts ər ˈsɪmpli əˈnɑmələs. bət, ɪn kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə skoʊp əv ɑr ˈrisərʧ sɛt əˈgɛnst ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈbɑdi əv wərk, ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət moʊst praɪər ˈrisərʧ ɔn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪz ˈvɛri ˈnɛroʊ ɪn ɪts skoʊp əv ˈpɑsəbəl ˈtɑpɪks, wɛˈræz ɑr ˈrisərʧ ˈkəvərd 43 ˈsɛpərˌeɪt (ðoʊ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈoʊvərˌlæpɪŋ) ˈtɑpɪk stɛmz fər ðə ˈstudənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ənd 15 ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈtɑpɪk ˈkætəˌgɔriz fər ðə kəmˈpɛrəsən. fər kəmˈpɛrəsən, ɪn ðə kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈrisərʧ ˈsaɪtɪd ɪn ʤɑst ɛt æl. 2003 ˈoʊnli wən ˈtɑpɪk dɪˈstɪŋkʃən ɪz meɪd æt ɔl, ənd ɪt ˈoʊnli əˈkərd fər wən ˈstədi ənd ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈoʊnli tu brɔd ˈtɑpɪk taɪps. ðəs, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ə lɔt əv ˈrisərʧ ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət ˈlɪˌbərəlz ər haɪər ðən kənˈsərvətɪvz ɪn kəmˈplɛksɪti, ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðət ˈrisərʧ ˈkəvərz ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈtɑpɪks. əˈbaʊt kəmˈplɛksɪti spəˈsɪfɪkli, ɪt ɪz ˈfərðər wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət praɪər ˈrisərʧ ɔn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd kəmˈplɛksɪti həz bɪn ˈmoʊstli ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ˈskɔrɪŋ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz (ʤɑst ɛt æl., 2003 væn ɛt æl., 2010 ənd ðəs meɪ nɑt əˈplaɪ tɪ ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə ˈfərðər, ɑr ˈrisərʧ ˈkəvərz ˈoʊvər pɑrˈtɪsəpənts, wɪʧ ɪz mɔr pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ðən ɔl ðə kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈrisərʧ kəmˈbaɪnd ˈsaɪtɪd ɪn ʤɑst ɛt 2003 (kəmˈbaɪnd pɑrˈtɪsəpənt ɛn fər ɔl kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈstədiz 307 soʊ waɪl ɪt wʊd bi ˌpriməˈʧʊr tɪ səˈʤɛst ˈoʊvərˌtərnɪŋ ɔl praɪər ˈɛvədəns ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ɑr wərk pərˈzɛnəd hir, ɪt wʊd ˈsɪmələrli bi ˌpriməˈʧʊr tɪ dɪsˈmɪs ɑr ˈɛvədəns ɛz ˈhævɪŋ noʊ ˈbɛrɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈlɑrʤər kˈwɛʃən. wi du nɑt noʊ jɛt ˈwɛðər ɑr ˈtɑpɪk səˈlɛkʃən ˈmɛθəd maɪt ʃoʊ baɪəs ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv kənˈsərvətɪvz, ənd ɑr ˈɛvədəns kənˈteɪnz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst sɛt əv doʊˈmeɪnz ˈstədid tɪ kənˈkludɪŋ θɔts ˈivɪn ðə bɛst ˈrisərʧ ɪz pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən θru ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈskrutəni. ɑr ˈpərpəs hir ɪz nɑt tɪ kleɪm dɪˈfɪnɪtɪvli ðət kənˈsərvətɪvz ər ˈikwəli ɛz ˈkɑmplɛks ɛz ˈlɪˌbərəlz. wi ər ˈsərtənli ˈoʊpən tɪ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət kənˈsərvətɪvz ər ˈsɪmpələr ɔn ˈævərɪʤ, ənd əˈgri wɪθ 1986 ənd ʤɑst ɛt æl. 2003 ðət ðɛr ər ˈrizənz ɪt meɪ bi soʊ. ɑr ˈpərpəs ɪz məʧ mɔr ˈmɑdəst: ɪt ɪz tɪ pɔɪnt aʊt ðət, ʤɪst ɛz ðɛr ər ˈrizənz waɪ ɪt meɪ bi soʊ, ðɛr ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrizənz ɪt meɪ nɑt bi soʊ. wi hæv pərˈzɛnəd wən ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti hir ənd ˈɔfərd səm ˌɛmˈpɪrɪkəl ˈɛvədəns ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ðət ˈmɑdəl. ɛz səʧ, wi bɪˈliv ðət ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈrisərʧ maɪt fɪt ɪn wɪθ ə groʊɪŋ ˈbɑdi əv wərk səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ˈnɛgətɪv əˈtrɪˌbjuts wəns əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ kənˈsərvətɪvz maɪt bi doʊˈmeɪn spɪˈsɪfɪk (si, e.g*., brænt, ˈreɪnə, ˈʧeɪmbərz, ˈkrɔfərd, ˈwɛθərəl, 2014 ˈkrɔfərd, 2012, ˈbɑknər, wnɛk, 1972 wi hoʊp ðɪs tɪ bi ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə dɪˈskəʃən wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ kəmˈplɛksɪti ənd hæv noʊ ˌɪˈluʒənz əv ɪt biɪŋ ðə læst wərd. ˈpɔrʃənz əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wər pərˈzɛnəd æt ðə 2012 ˈænjuəl ˈmitɪŋ əv ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl soʊˈsaɪɪti əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl saɪˈkɑləʤi, ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ɪl. ˌkɔrəˈspɑndəns kənˈsərnɪŋ ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ʃʊd bi əˈdrɛst tɪ ˈluʃən ˈgɪdiən ˈkɑnˌweɪ iii*, ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv mɑnˈtænə, saɪˈkɑləʤi dɪˈpɑrtmənt, skægz ˈbɪldɪŋ 239 mɪˈzulə, ˈɛmˈti, 59812 e‐mail*: ˈfʊtˌnoʊts 1 ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈɑrtɪkəl, wi juz ðə tərm specific”*” tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈkɑntɛnt ðət kəmˈpraɪzɪz ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ðət pæst ˈrisərʧərz dɪˈskəs ““domains”*” ər ““issues”*” (e.g*.,, 2000 1986 ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈɑrtɪkəl, wi juz ðə tərm specific”*” tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈkɑntɛnt ðət kəmˈpraɪzɪz ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ðət pæst ˈrisərʧərz dɪˈskəs ““domains”*” ər ““issues”*” (e.g*.,, 2 bɪˈkəz soʊ ˈmɛni ˈfæktərz ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈtɑpɪk ˈkɑntɛnt əˈfɛkt kəmˈplɛksɪti, ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈvælju ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm ənd ˈætəˌtud ɪkˈspɛkt ˌɪnərˈækʃənz bɪtˈwin ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd ˈkɑntɛnt doʊˈmeɪn ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti. ɛz səʧ, ɪt ɪz ˈrizənəbəl tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ˌɪnərˈækʃənz æt ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈlɛvəl wɪˈθaʊt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ spəˈsɪfɪkli waɪ səʧ ən ˌɪnərˈækʃən ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈkɑntɛkst. ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi prəˈvaɪd səm prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈɛvədəns kənˈsərnɪŋ wən ˈpɑsəbəl ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm ɪn ðɪs ˈkɑntɛkst, ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpərpəs əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˌɪnərˈækʃən æt ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈlɛvəl ənd nɑt tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə koʊˈhɪrənt ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən. bɪˈkəz soʊ ˈmɛni ˈfæktərz ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈtɑpɪk ˈkɑntɛnt əˈfɛkt kəmˈplɛksɪti, ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈvælju ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm ənd ˈætəˌtud ɪkˈspɛkt ˌɪnərˈækʃənz bɪtˈwin ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd ˈkɑntɛnt doʊˈmeɪn ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti. ɛz səʧ, ɪt ɪz ˈrizənəbəl tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ˌɪnərˈækʃənz æt ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈlɛvəl wɪˈθaʊt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ spəˈsɪfɪkli səʧ ən ˌɪnərˈækʃən ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈkɑntɛkst. ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi prəˈvaɪd səm prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈɛvədəns kənˈsərnɪŋ wən ˈpɑsəbəl ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm ɪn ðɪs ˈkɑntɛkst, ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpərpəs əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˌɪnərˈækʃən æt ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈlɛvəl ənd nɑt tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə koʊˈhɪrənt ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən. 3 pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈplitɪd ˈmɛʒərmənts əv əˌθɔrəˈtɛriəˌnɪzəm ənd ˈmɑdərn ˈreɪˌsɪzəm. ðiz ˈmɛʒərmənts ər nɑt dɪˈrɛkli ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈstədi ənd ər nɑt dɪˈskəst ˈfərðər. pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈplitɪd ˈmɛʒərmənts əv əˌθɔrəˈtɛriəˌnɪzəm ənd ˈmɑdərn ˈreɪˌsɪzəm. ðiz ˈmɛʒərmənts ər nɑt dɪˈrɛkli ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈstədi ənd ər nɑt dɪˈskəst ˈfərðər. 4 wi ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈpɛrd ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz wɪˈθɪn iʧ kənˈdɪʃən baɪ ðə taɪp əv ˈaɪtəm ˈvərsəz). riˈmuvɪŋ ðə fɔr ˈaɪtəmz frəm ðiz skeɪlz ˌɪnˈkrist ðə saɪz əv ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə rɪˈlɪʤən ənd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪlz: ðə meɪn kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ˈmɛʒər wɑz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈnɛgətɪvli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd fər ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl skeɪl ɑr pi 001 ənd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈpɑzətɪvli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd fər ðə rɪˈlɪʤən skeɪl ɑr 34 pi 001 ˈfɪʃərz zi fər kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz pi 001 wɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə fɔr ˈaɪtəmz ɔn ðə ˈəðərˌwaɪz skeɪlz, kənˈsərvətɪvz wər ˈpɑzətɪvli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd fər ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl skeɪl ɑr 10 ənd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈpɑzətɪvli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd fər ðə rɪˈlɪʤən skeɪl ɑr 23 pi 01 ˈfɪʃərz zi fər kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz pi 05 ðiz rɪˈzəlts ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðɛr ɪz səm ““leakage”*” frəm ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈaɪtəmz ðət rɪˈdus ðə ˈtɪpɪkəl saɪz əv ðə ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən bət stɪl rɪˈvil ðət ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˈaɪtəm ˌɪtˈsɛlf dɪz ˈmætər, ˈivɪn wɪˈθɪn ə ˈkɑntɛkst. wi ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈpɛrd ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz wɪˈθɪn iʧ kənˈdɪʃən baɪ ðə taɪp əv ˈaɪtəm ˈvərsəz). riˈmuvɪŋ ðə fɔr ˈaɪtəmz frəm ðiz skeɪlz ˌɪnˈkrist ðə saɪz əv ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə rɪˈlɪʤən ənd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm skeɪlz: ðə meɪn kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ˈmɛʒər wɑz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈnɛgətɪvli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd fər ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl skeɪl 001 ənd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈpɑzətɪvli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd fər ðə rɪˈlɪʤən skeɪl 34 001 ˈfɪʃərz fər kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz 001 wɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə fɔr ˈaɪtəmz ɔn ðə ˈəðərˌwaɪz skeɪlz, kənˈsərvətɪvz wər ˈpɑzətɪvli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd fər ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl skeɪl 10 ənd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈpɑzətɪvli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd fər ðə rɪˈlɪʤən skeɪl 23 01 ˈfɪʃərz fər kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz 05 ðiz rɪˈzəlts ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðɛr ɪz səm ““leakage”*” frəm ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈaɪtəmz ðət rɪˈdus ðə ˈtɪpɪkəl saɪz əv ðə ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən bət stɪl rɪˈvil ðət ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˈaɪtəm ˌɪtˈsɛlf dɪz ˈmætər, ˈivɪn wɪˈθɪn ə ˈkɑntɛkst. 5 səm praɪər ˈrisərʧ səˈʤɛsts ðət ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd ˈaʊtˌkəm ˈvɛriəbəlz meɪ bi ənd ɛz səʧ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts mɔr əˈbaʊt ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm ðən əˈbaʊt ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈkɑntɛnt (e.g*., ɛt æl., 1994 ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, wi ˈtɛstɪd fər ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ɑr rɪˈzəlts ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə, ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈlɪniər, riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, wi ræn ˈlɪniər rəˈgrɛʃən ɔn ɔl ki rɪˈzəlts waɪl ˈɛnərɪŋ boʊθ ə ˈlɪniər ənd tu ˈsɛpərˌeɪt nɑnˈlɪˌniər tərmz fər pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɛz ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəs prɪˈdɪktərz: 1 ə tərm fər kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ənd 2 ən ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm skɔr fər kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm (kəmˈpjutɪd ɛz ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈdɪfərəns frəm ðə ˈmɪdˌpɔɪnt əv ðə kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm skeɪl). ɔl æˈnælɪˌsiz wər pərˈfɔrmd ɪn ə weɪ ˈpɛrəˌlɛl tɪ ðət dɪˈskraɪbd əˈbəv. rɪˈzəlts ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋli səˈpɔrt ə ˈlɪniər, ˈrəðər ðən ə nɑnˈlɪˌniər, ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv ɑr rɪˈzəlts. fər ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm, wɪn ˈlɪniər ənd skɔrz ər ˈɛnərd ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli, ɔl ˈlɪniər kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm tərmz rɪˈmeɪnd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt pi 'ɛs 01 waɪl noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈifɛkts ˈimərʤd ɪn ˈɛni kənˈdɪʃən ɔn ˈiðər nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈmɛʒərmənt pi 'ɛs 380 ðəs, 1 ɔl ˈlɪniər ˈifɛkts rɪˈmeɪnd wər əv ˈsɪmələr saɪz ənd dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ɛz ɪn əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈifɛkts, ənd 2 nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈifɛkts ˈoʊvərˌɔl əˈkaʊntɪd fər ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl əv ðə ˈvɛriəns. ðəs, ɑr rɪˈzəlts ər məʧ ˈbɛtər kənˈstrud ɛz ˈlɪniər ˈifɛkts ðən ɛz nɑnˈlɪˌniər. səm praɪər ˈrisərʧ səˈʤɛsts ðət ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd ˈaʊtˌkəm ˈvɛriəbəlz meɪ bi ənd ɛz səʧ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts mɔr əˈbaʊt ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm ðən əˈbaʊt ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈkɑntɛnt (e.g*., ɛt æl., 1994 ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, wi ˈtɛstɪd fər ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ɑr rɪˈzəlts ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə, ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈlɪniər, riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, wi ræn ˈlɪniər rəˈgrɛʃən ɔn ɔl ki rɪˈzəlts waɪl ˈɛnərɪŋ boʊθ ə ˈlɪniər ənd tu ˈsɛpərˌeɪt nɑnˈlɪˌniər tərmz fər pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɛz ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəs prɪˈdɪktərz: 1 ə tərm fər kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ənd 2 ən ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm skɔr fər kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm (kəmˈpjutɪd ɛz ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈdɪfərəns frəm ðə ˈmɪdˌpɔɪnt əv ðə kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm skeɪl). ɔl æˈnælɪˌsiz wər pərˈfɔrmd ɪn ə weɪ ˈpɛrəˌlɛl tɪ ðət dɪˈskraɪbd əˈbəv. rɪˈzəlts ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋli səˈpɔrt ə ˈlɪniər, ˈrəðər ðən ə nɑnˈlɪˌniər, ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv ɑr rɪˈzəlts. fər ˈdɑgməˌtɪzəm, wɪn ˈlɪniər ənd skɔrz ər ˈɛnərd ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli, ɔl ˈlɪniər kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm tərmz rɪˈmeɪnd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt 'ɛs 01 waɪl noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈifɛkts ˈimərʤd ɪn ˈɛni kənˈdɪʃən ɔn ˈiðər nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈmɛʒərmənt 'ɛs 380 ðəs, 1 ɔl ˈlɪniər ˈifɛkts rɪˈmeɪnd wər əv ˈsɪmələr saɪz ənd dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ɛz ɪn əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈifɛkts, ənd 2 nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈifɛkts ˈoʊvərˌɔl əˈkaʊntɪd fər ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl əv ðə ˈvɛriəns. ðəs, ɑr rɪˈzəlts ər məʧ ˈbɛtər kənˈstrud ɛz ˈlɪniər ˈifɛkts ðən ɛz nɑnˈlɪˌniər. 6 ˈpɔrʃənz əv ðə ˈdætə frəm ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 wər juzd ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ tɛst haɪˈpɑθəˌsiz əˈbaʊt ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm (ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 2011 ˈpɔrʃənz əv ðə ˈdætə frəm ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 wər juzd ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ tɛst haɪˈpɑθəˌsiz əˈbaʊt ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm (ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 7 ðɪs æd hɑk ˈstrætəʤi ɪz praɪˈmɛrəli ən ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ dɪˈvaɪs tɪ ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪ ˈdætə æˈnælɪˌsiz ənd ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən. fərst, wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ðə doʊˈmeɪn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃən ɪz ˈwɛðər ər nɑt kənˈsərvətɪvz ʃoʊ ən ˈikwəl ˈifɛkt ɔn ðɛr ˈtɑpɪks ɛz ˈlɪˌbərəlz du ɔn ðɛr ˈtɑpɪks. ðə æd hɑk ˈstrætəʤi wi ɪmˈplɔɪ ɪz ˈjusfəl fər kˈwɪkli ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪŋ ðət ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən əˈkrɔs ˈtɑpɪks ɪz ˈikwəl ɔn boʊθ saɪdz ɪn ə ˈmænər ðət əˈlaʊz fər ˈizi kəmˈpɛrəsən əˈkrɔs ˈstədiz. ˈsɛkənd, ðɪs ˈstrætəʤi hɛlps ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪ əˈdɪʃənəl æˈnælɪˌsiz (e.g*., ɪt prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd weɪ tɪ tɛst ðə ˈifɛkt əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz ɪn ðə æˈnælɪˌsiz əv ˈstədiz ˈsɛkʃən). ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ðɪs ˈmɛθəd həz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl əv ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə strɛŋθ əv ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən ˈifɛkt, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt ðət tu əv ðə θri doʊˈmeɪn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃən tərmz ər sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt (ˈstədiz 2 ənd 4 wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni æd hɑk ðə wən ðət ɪz nɑt sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt (ˈstədi 3 həz səʧ smɔl sɛl ˈnəmbərz ənd soʊ ˈmɛni ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪnz ðət ɪt wʊd bi hɑrd tɪ faɪnd ən ˌɪnərˈækʃən tərm. ðəs, wi θɪŋk ðɪs æd hɑk ˈmɛθəd ɪz kənˈstrəktɪv weɪ əv ˈsəmərˌaɪzɪŋ ðiz ˈstədiz ðət ˈækjərətli ˈkæpʧərz ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˈdætə. ðɪs æd hɑk ˈstrætəʤi ɪz praɪˈmɛrəli ən ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ dɪˈvaɪs tɪ ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪ ˈdætə æˈnælɪˌsiz ənd ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən. fərst, wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ðə doʊˈmeɪn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃən ɪz ˈwɛðər ər nɑt kənˈsərvətɪvz ʃoʊ ən ˈikwəl ˈifɛkt ɔn ðɛr ˈtɑpɪks ɛz ˈlɪˌbərəlz du ɔn ðɛr ˈtɑpɪks. ðə æd hɑk ˈstrætəʤi wi ɪmˈplɔɪ ɪz ˈjusfəl fər kˈwɪkli ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪŋ ðət ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən əˈkrɔs ˈtɑpɪks ɪz ˈikwəl ɔn boʊθ saɪdz ɪn ə ˈmænər ðət əˈlaʊz fər ˈizi kəmˈpɛrəsən əˈkrɔs ˈstədiz. ˈsɛkənd, ðɪs ˈstrætəʤi hɛlps ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪ əˈdɪʃənəl æˈnælɪˌsiz (e.g*., ɪt prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd weɪ tɪ tɛst ðə ˈifɛkt əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz ɪn ðə æˈnælɪˌsiz əv ˈstədiz ˈsɛkʃən). ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ðɪs ˈmɛθəd həz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl əv ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə strɛŋθ əv ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən ˈifɛkt, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt ðət tu əv ðə θri doʊˈmeɪn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃən tərmz ər sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt (ˈstədiz 2 ənd 4 wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni æd hɑk ðə wən ðət ɪz nɑt sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt (ˈstədi 3 həz səʧ smɔl sɛl ˈnəmbərz ənd soʊ ˈmɛni ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪnz ðət ɪt wʊd bi hɑrd tɪ faɪnd ən ˌɪnərˈækʃən tərm. ðəs, wi θɪŋk ðɪs æd hɑk ˈmɛθəd ɪz kənˈstrəktɪv weɪ əv ˈsəmərˌaɪzɪŋ ðiz ˈstədiz ðət ˈækjərətli ˈkæpʧərz ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˈdætə. 8 ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 hæv 423 ˈoʊvərˌlæpɪŋ pɑrˈtɪsəpənts (ðoʊz pɑrˈtɪsəpənts kəmˈplitɪd ən ˈaɪtəm juzd boʊθ ɪn ˈstədi 2 ənd ɪn ˈstədi 3 ɛz ɪn praɪər ˈrisərʧ ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs ˈdeɪtəˌsɛt (ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 2011 2008 2011 ɑr 02 pi 70 ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 hæv 423 ˈoʊvərˌlæpɪŋ pɑrˈtɪsəpənts (ðoʊz pɑrˈtɪsəpənts kəmˈplitɪd ən ˈaɪtəm juzd boʊθ ɪn ˈstədi 2 ənd ɪn ˈstədi 3 ɛz ɪn praɪər ˈrisərʧ ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs ˈdeɪtəˌsɛt (ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 02 70 9 ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr ər ˈsɑləd kənˈsɛpʧuəl ənd ˈpræktɪkəl ˈrizənz fər ˈtritɪŋ ɛz ə ˈvɛriəbəl, wi ræn ˈsɛvərəl sɛts əv əˈdɪʃənəl æˈnælɪˌsiz ˈjuzɪŋ kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɛz ə kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈvɛriəbəl. fərst, wi juzd æˈnælɪˌsiz tɪ tɛst ðə ki ˌɪnərˈækʃənz frəm ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 waɪl ˈkipɪŋ pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɛz ə kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈmɛʒərmənt. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, wi 1 ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm wɪθ kəmˈplɛksɪti wɪˈθɪn iʧ ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn, 2 kriˈeɪtɪd ən æd hɑk ˈdəmi ˈvɛriəbəl ˈlɪˌbərəlz haɪər, 1 kənˈsərvətɪvz haɪər) ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə tɔp ənd ˈbɑtəm fər ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ðɛn 3 ræn ə rəˈgrɛʃən ˈɛnərɪŋ ˈstændərˌdaɪzd pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm, ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn, ənd ðɛr ˌɪnərˈækʃən tərm ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti. rɪˈzəlts wər kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðoʊz pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ðə tɛkst fər ðə ˌkætəˈgɔrɪkəl ˈmɛʒərmənt əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm: fər boʊθ ˈstədi 2 ənd ˈstədi 3 ðɛr wɑz noʊ meɪn ˈifɛkt əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ˈbeɪtəz 01 ənd bət ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪnərˈækʃən bɪtˈwin kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ənd ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn ˈbeɪtəz 12 pi 'ɛs 001 ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr ər ˈsɑləd kənˈsɛpʧuəl ənd ˈpræktɪkəl ˈrizənz fər ˈtritɪŋ ɛz ə ˈvɛriəbəl, wi ræn ˈsɛvərəl sɛts əv əˈdɪʃənəl æˈnælɪˌsiz ˈjuzɪŋ kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɛz ə kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈvɛriəbəl. fərst, wi juzd æˈnælɪˌsiz tɪ tɛst ðə ki ˌɪnərˈækʃənz frəm ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 waɪl ˈkipɪŋ pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɛz ə kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈmɛʒərmənt. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, wi 1 ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm wɪθ kəmˈplɛksɪti wɪˈθɪn iʧ ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn, 2 kriˈeɪtɪd ən æd hɑk ˈdəmi ˈvɛriəbəl ˈlɪˌbərəlz haɪər, 1 kənˈsərvətɪvz haɪər) ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə tɔp ənd ˈbɑtəm fər ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ðɛn 3 ræn ə rəˈgrɛʃən ˈɛnərɪŋ ˈstændərˌdaɪzd pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm, ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn, ənd ðɛr ˌɪnərˈækʃən tərm ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti. rɪˈzəlts wər kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðoʊz pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ðə tɛkst fər ðə ˌkætəˈgɔrɪkəl ˈmɛʒərmənt əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm: fər boʊθ ˈstədi 2 ənd ˈstədi 3 ðɛr wɑz noʊ meɪn ˈifɛkt əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm 01 ənd bət ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪnərˈækʃən bɪtˈwin kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ənd ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn 12 'ɛs 001 10 fər ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 wi ˈfərðər ˈtɛstɪd fər ˈifɛkts əv kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɪn ə ˈmænər aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ˈstədi 1 baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ tu nɑnˈlɪˌniər pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm tərmz. ə ˈsəməri əv ðiz rɪˈzəlts ɪz ðət 1 ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ənd ˈtɑpɪks rɪˈmeɪnz wɪn əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər nɑnˈlɪˌniər tərmz, 2 nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈifɛkts ˈoʊvərˌɔl əˈkaʊntɪd fər ə prəˈpɔrʃənəli sˈmɔlər əˈmaʊnt əv ðə ˈvɛriəns ðən ˈlɪniər ˈifɛkts. ɪn ʃɔrt, ðə ˈifɛkts ˌriˈpɔrtəd hir ər ˈbɛtər dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ˈlɪniər ˈifɛkts ðən ˈifɛkts. ə dɪˈteɪld rɪˈpɔrt əv ðiz əˈdɪʃənəl rɪˈzəlts ɪz əˈveɪləbəl əˈpɑn rɪkˈwɛst. fər ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 wi ˈfərðər ˈtɛstɪd fər ˈifɛkts əv kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɪn ə ˈmænər aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ˈstədi 1 baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ tu nɑnˈlɪˌniər pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm tərmz. ə ˈsəməri əv ðiz rɪˈzəlts ɪz ðət 1 ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ənd ˈtɑpɪks rɪˈmeɪnz wɪn əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər nɑnˈlɪˌniər tərmz, 2 nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈifɛkts ˈoʊvərˌɔl əˈkaʊntɪd fər ə prəˈpɔrʃənəli sˈmɔlər əˈmaʊnt əv ðə ˈvɛriəns ðən ˈlɪniər ˈifɛkts. ɪn ʃɔrt, ðə ˈifɛkts ˌriˈpɔrtəd hir ər ˈbɛtər dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ˈlɪniər ˈifɛkts ðən ˈifɛkts. ə dɪˈteɪld rɪˈpɔrt əv ðiz əˈdɪʃənəl rɪˈzəlts ɪz əˈveɪləbəl əˈpɑn rɪkˈwɛst. 11 fər ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 wi ˈɔlsoʊ pərˈfɔrmd ˈsɪmələr ɪkˈsplɔrəˌtɔri æˈnælɪˌsiz ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɛʒərmənts ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈætəˌtud dɪˈskrɛpənsi frəm kənˈsɛnsəs əˈpɪnjən (boʊθ ril ənd pərˈsivd), ðə dɪˈgri tɪ wɪʧ pɑrˈtɪsəpənts pərˈsivd kənˈsɛnsəs tɪ ɪgˈzɪst ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu ɪn kˈwɛʃən, ənd ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɛfərt ðeɪ pʊt ˈɪntu ˈraɪtɪŋ ðə ˈtɑpɪk. noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪnərˈækʃən noʊ klɪr əˈkrɔs ðə tu ˈstədiz ɔn ˈɛni əv ðiz ˈvɛriəbəlz. ˈfaɪnəli, fər ˈstədi 2 ˈoʊnli, wi hæd ə ˈmɛʒərmənt əv ðə ˈvælju ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm pɑrˈtɪsəpənts fɛlt ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ðə ˈtɑpɪk ðeɪ roʊt əˈbaʊt (kənˈstrəktɪd ɪn ə ˈmænər drɔn frəm, 1986 2009 2009 pi 01 kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm dɪd nɑt ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ˈtɑpɪk taɪp tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ˈvælju ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm (ˌɪnərˈækʃən pi 89 ənd ðəs ˈvælju ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm ˈkænɑt ˈɔfər ə klɪr ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ɛz tɪ waɪ ˈtɑpɪk taɪp ˈmɑdərˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈifɛkt əv kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti. fər ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 wi ˈɔlsoʊ pərˈfɔrmd ˈsɪmələr ɪkˈsplɔrəˌtɔri æˈnælɪˌsiz ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɛʒərmənts ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈætəˌtud dɪˈskrɛpənsi frəm kənˈsɛnsəs əˈpɪnjən (boʊθ ril ənd pərˈsivd), ðə dɪˈgri tɪ wɪʧ pɑrˈtɪsəpənts pərˈsivd kənˈsɛnsəs tɪ ɪgˈzɪst ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu ɪn kˈwɛʃən, ənd ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɛfərt ðeɪ pʊt ˈɪntu ˈraɪtɪŋ ðə ˈtɑpɪk. noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪnərˈækʃən noʊ klɪr əˈkrɔs ðə tu ˈstədiz ɔn ˈɛni əv ðiz ˈvɛriəbəlz. ˈfaɪnəli, fər ˈstədi 2 ˈoʊnli, wi hæd ə ˈmɛʒərmənt əv ðə ˈvælju ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm pɑrˈtɪsəpənts fɛlt ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ðə ˈtɑpɪk ðeɪ roʊt əˈbaʊt (kənˈstrəktɪd ɪn ə ˈmænər drɔn frəm, 01 kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm dɪd nɑt ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ˈtɑpɪk taɪp tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ˈvælju ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm (ˌɪnərˈækʃən 89 ənd ðəs ˈvælju ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm ˈkænɑt ˈɔfər ə klɪr ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ɛz tɪ waɪ ˈtɑpɪk taɪp ˈmɑdərˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈifɛkt əv kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti. 12 fər ˈstədiz wi ˈtɛstɪd ˈwɛðər ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈvælju əv ðə ˈifɛkt ˈsaɪzɪz fər ðiz æd hɑk kəmˈpɛrəsənz ˈdɪfərd fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz ˈvərsəz ˈlɪˌbərəlz wər haɪər. ɪn ˈstədiz 2 ənd 4 ðə ˈifɛkt wɑz sˈlaɪtli ˈstrɔŋgər fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz wər haɪər; fər ˈstədi 3 ðə ˈifɛkt wɑz sˈlaɪtli ˈstrɔŋgər fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ ˈlɪˌbərəlz wər haɪər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əˈkrɔs ɔl θri ˈstədiz, z‐*‐ tɛsts kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈvælju əv ðiz ˈifɛkt ˈsaɪzɪz rɪˈvild ˈlɪtəl ˈɛvədəns ðət ðeɪ ˈdɪfərd (ˈstədi 2 zi ˈstədi 3 zi ˈstədi 4 zi ɔl pi 'ɛs 56 ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈvæljuz əv ðə ˈifɛkts ər ɛˈsɛnʃəli ɪkˈwɪvələnt bɪtˈwin ənd ˈtɑpɪks ɪn ˈstədiz 2 3 ənd 4 ðɪs ɪz kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən ˈɔfərd ɪn ðə tɛkst. fər ˈstədiz wi ˈtɛstɪd ˈwɛðər ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈvælju əv ðə ˈifɛkt ˈsaɪzɪz fər ðiz æd hɑk kəmˈpɛrəsənz ˈdɪfərd fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz ˈvərsəz ˈlɪˌbərəlz wər haɪər. ɪn ˈstədiz 2 ənd 4 ðə ˈifɛkt wɑz sˈlaɪtli ˈstrɔŋgər fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz wər haɪər; fər ˈstədi 3 ðə ˈifɛkt wɑz sˈlaɪtli ˈstrɔŋgər fər ˈtɑpɪks ɔn wɪʧ ˈlɪˌbərəlz wər haɪər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əˈkrɔs ɔl θri ˈstədiz, tɛsts kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈvælju əv ðiz ˈifɛkt ˈsaɪzɪz rɪˈvild ˈlɪtəl ˈɛvədəns ðət ðeɪ ˈdɪfərd (ˈstədi 2 ˈstədi 3 ˈstədi 4 ɔl 'ɛs 56 ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈvæljuz əv ðə ˈifɛkts ər ɛˈsɛnʃəli ɪkˈwɪvələnt bɪtˈwin ənd ˈtɑpɪks ɪn ˈstədiz 2 3 ənd 4 ðɪs ɪz kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən ˈɔfərd ɪn ðə tɛkst. 13 wi ˈɔlsoʊ pərˈfɔrmd æˈnælɪˌsiz fər ˈstədiz fər kəmˈplɛksɪti. ɛz əˈkərd fər ðə ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti rɪˈzəlts ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ðə tɛkst, noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt meɪn ˈifɛkts fər ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti əˈkərd ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪn ˈstədiz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə seɪm ɛz fər ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti, fər ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 fər kəmˈplɛksɪti ðɛr wɑz ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt meɪn ˈifɛkt əv ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn. ðə meɪn ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin kəmˈplɛksɪti ənd ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti rɪˈzəlts əˈkərd ɪn ˈstədiz 2 ənd 4 (ˈriˌkɔl ðət ˈstədi 3 dɪd nɑt hæv ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃən): ˈneɪmli, ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl doʊˈmeɪn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃənz (ˈjuzɪŋ ɔl ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪnz ɪn ðoʊz ˈstədiz) wər nɑt sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt fər kəmˈplɛksɪti. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈsɪmələr æd hɑk ˈstrætəʤi fər ˈstədiz 2 3 ənd 4 ˈjuzɪŋ kəmˈplɛksɪti (ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti) ˈjildɪd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ɪn iʧ keɪs (ˌɪnərˈækʃən pi 'ɛs 01 ənd ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈpætərn ɪz ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr. ˈɔlsoʊ, ˈstədi 4 ʃoʊd noʊ meɪn ˈifɛkt ˈdɪfərəns fər ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn fər kəmˈplɛksɪti. ˈgɪvɪn ɑr ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl fɔrmz əv kəmˈplɛksɪti θruaʊt ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, ðiz ˌɪnfərˈɛnʃəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz ər ˈlɑrʤli ˌɪˈrɛləvənt. wi rɪˈpɔrt ðɛm hir fər kəmˈplitnəs. ɑr ˈlɑrʤər pɔɪnt rɪˈmeɪnz ðə seɪm: fər ðə ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl fɔrmz əv kəmˈplɛksɪti moʊst dɪˈrɛkli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə rɪˈʤɪdəti əv ðə raɪt aɪˈdiə, ðə ˈpætərn pərˈzɛnəd hir ɪz ˈbɛtər ˈkæpʧərd baɪ doʊˈmeɪn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ðən baɪ ə meɪn ˈifɛkt əv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi. wi ˈɔlsoʊ pərˈfɔrmd æˈnælɪˌsiz fər ˈstədiz fər kəmˈplɛksɪti. ɛz əˈkərd fər ðə ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti rɪˈzəlts ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ðə tɛkst, noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt meɪn ˈifɛkts fər ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti əˈkərd ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪn ˈstədiz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə seɪm ɛz fər ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti, fər ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 fər kəmˈplɛksɪti ðɛr wɑz ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt meɪn ˈifɛkt əv ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn. ðə meɪn ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin kəmˈplɛksɪti ənd ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti rɪˈzəlts əˈkərd ɪn ˈstədiz 2 ənd 4 (ˈriˌkɔl ðət ˈstədi 3 dɪd nɑt hæv ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃən): ˈneɪmli, ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl doʊˈmeɪn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃənz (ˈjuzɪŋ ɔl ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪnz ɪn ðoʊz ˈstədiz) wər nɑt sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt fər kəmˈplɛksɪti. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈsɪmələr æd hɑk ˈstrætəʤi fər ˈstədiz 2 3 ənd 4 ˈjuzɪŋ kəmˈplɛksɪti (ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl kəmˈplɛksɪti) ˈjildɪd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ɪn iʧ keɪs (ˌɪnərˈækʃən 'ɛs 01 ənd ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈpætərn ɪz ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr. ˈɔlsoʊ, ˈstədi 4 ʃoʊd noʊ meɪn ˈifɛkt ˈdɪfərəns fər ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn fər kəmˈplɛksɪti. ˈgɪvɪn ɑr ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl fɔrmz əv kəmˈplɛksɪti θruaʊt ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, ðiz ˌɪnfərˈɛnʃəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz ər ˈlɑrʤli ˌɪˈrɛləvənt. wi rɪˈpɔrt ðɛm hir fər kəmˈplitnəs. ɑr ˈlɑrʤər pɔɪnt rɪˈmeɪnz ðə seɪm: fər ðə ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl fɔrmz əv kəmˈplɛksɪti moʊst dɪˈrɛkli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə aɪˈdiə, ðə ˈpætərn pərˈzɛnəd hir ɪz ˈbɛtər ˈkæpʧərd baɪ doʊˈmeɪn ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ðən baɪ ə meɪn ˈifɛkt əv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi. 14 fər ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 ɪt ɪz wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət wi ˈoʊnli hæd ˈrɛləvənt ˈdætə ɔn ə ˈsəbˌsɛt əv ɑr ˈlɑrʤər ˈsæmpəl. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ ˈmɛʒərmənts dɪd nɑt ʃoʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈifɛkts ɪn ðoʊz ˈstədiz, ðeɪ wər ɪn ðə kərˈɛkt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ənd ʃoʊd ə ˈsɪmələr ˈpætərn əˈkrɔs boʊθ ˈstədiz. wi du nɑt wɔnt tɪ ðiz ˈdætə; ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ðɪs ˈpætərn dɪz nɑt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə ril ˈfaɪndɪŋ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi vju ɪt ɛz ˈlaɪkli ðət ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈsæmpəl wʊd faɪnd ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈifɛkt fər ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ. fər ˈstədiz 2 ənd 3 ɪt ɪz wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət wi ˈoʊnli hæd ˈrɛləvənt ˈdætə ɔn ə ˈsəbˌsɛt əv ɑr ˈlɑrʤər ˈsæmpəl. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ ˈmɛʒərmənts dɪd nɑt ʃoʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈifɛkts ɪn ðoʊz ˈstədiz, ðeɪ wər ɪn ðə kərˈɛkt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ənd ʃoʊd ə ˈsɪmələr ˈpætərn əˈkrɔs boʊθ ˈstədiz. wi du nɑt wɔnt tɪ ðiz ˈdætə; ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ðɪs ˈpætərn dɪz nɑt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə ril ˈfaɪndɪŋ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi vju ɪt ɛz ˈlaɪkli ðət ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈsæmpəl wʊd faɪnd ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈifɛkt fər ˈætəˌtud strɛŋθ. 15 ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp əv ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm tɪ kəmˈplɛksɪti ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən ðɪs ˌɪmˈplaɪz. səm wərk ʃoʊz ðət mɔr ɪkˈstrim vjuz lɛd tɪ mɔr kəmˈplɛksɪti (e.g*., ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2008 1984 2008 ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp əv ˈplʊrəˌlɪzəm tɪ kəmˈplɛksɪti ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən ðɪs ˌɪmˈplaɪz. səm wərk ʃoʊz ðət mɔr ɪkˈstrim vjuz lɛd tɪ mɔr kəmˈplɛksɪti (e.g*., ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 16 ðɛr ɪz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈtɛnʃən hir. ðiz rɪˈzəlts ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðət ˈəðər ˈstədid ˈneɪʃənz meɪ ʃoʊ lɛs əv ə ˈtɛndənsi fər kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti, wɪʧ ɪz bɛst kənˈstrud ɛz ə meɪn ˈifɛkt əv ˈkɑntɛkst ɔn ðə ˈifɛkt ɪn kˈwɛʃən. ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ˈtɑpɪk əv ðɪs kənˈsivəbli bi lɛs ɪn ðoʊz ˈneɪʃənz, ˈivɪn ɛz ðeɪ ər ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli ʃoʊɪŋ lɛs səˈpɔrt fər kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti. waɪl wi ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðɪs pəˈtɛnʃəl, ðə ˈtɛnʃən bɪtˈwin ðə meɪn ˈifɛkt ənd ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ɪn ˈəðər ˈneɪʃənz ɪz bɪɔnd ðə skoʊp əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl. ɑr pɔɪnt hir ɪz ðət ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ənˈriznəbəl tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ðət ˈdɪfərənt ˈkɑnˌtɛksts ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wʊd ˈproʊdus ə ˈwaɪldli ˈdɪfərənt ˈlænˌskeɪp ɪn tərmz əv ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ənd beɪst ɔn wət wi noʊ, ɪf ðeɪ ˈproʊdus ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt, ðət ˈdɪfərəns wʊd ˈlaɪkli nɑt bi ˈfeɪvərəbəl tɪ ðə kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti haɪˈpɑθəsəs. ðɛr ɪz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈtɛnʃən hir. ðiz rɪˈzəlts ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðət ˈəðər ˈstədid ˈneɪʃənz meɪ ʃoʊ lɛs əv ə ˈtɛndənsi fər kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti, wɪʧ ɪz bɛst kənˈstrud ɛz ə meɪn ˈifɛkt əv ˈkɑntɛkst ɔn ðə ˈifɛkt ɪn kˈwɛʃən. ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈtɑpɪk doʊˈmeɪn ˈtɑpɪk əv ðɪs kənˈsivəbli bi ɪn ðoʊz ˈneɪʃənz, ˈivɪn ɛz ðeɪ ər ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli ʃoʊɪŋ lɛs səˈpɔrt fər kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti. waɪl wi ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðɪs pəˈtɛnʃəl, ðə ˈtɛnʃən bɪtˈwin ðə meɪn ˈifɛkt ənd ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ɪn ˈəðər ˈneɪʃənz ɪz bɪɔnd ðə skoʊp əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl. ɑr pɔɪnt hir ɪz ðət ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ənˈriznəbəl tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ðət ˈdɪfərənt ˈkɑnˌtɛksts ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wʊd ˈproʊdus ə ˈwaɪldli ˈdɪfərənt ˈlænˌskeɪp ɪn tərmz əv ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ənd beɪst ɔn wət wi noʊ, ɪf ðeɪ ˈproʊdus ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt, ðət ˈdɪfərəns wʊd ˈlaɪkli nɑt bi ˈfeɪvərəbəl tɪ ðə kənˈsərvətɪv sɪmˈplɪsɪti haɪˈpɑθəsəs. 17 ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, ˈmɛni əv ðiz skeɪlz ðət ər pərˈpɔrtɪˌdli meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈteɪn ˈvɛri spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈkɑntɛnt. (fər dɪˈskəʃən əv ðɪs ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈoʊpənəs, si ˈsɪbli duckitt*, 2008 2012 ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, ˈmɛni əv ðiz skeɪlz ðət ər pərˈpɔrtɪˌdli meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈteɪn ˈvɛri spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈkɑntɛnt. (fər dɪˈskəʃən əv ðɪs ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈoʊpənəs, si ˈsɪbli duckitt*, 18 ə ˈrisənt ˈstədi (ˈbrəndɪʤ, rid, ʧɔɪ, muddiman*, 2014 ɑr 20 ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ skɔrd fər fɔr ˈdɪfərənt ˈtɑpɪk taɪps ənd faʊnd noʊ klɪr ˌɪnərˈækʃən ˈpætərn fər ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd doʊˈmeɪn. ðiz ˈdætə ər ˈklɪrli ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪʃu əv ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz, bət ɪt ɪz lɛs klɪr haʊ ˈrɛləvənt ðeɪ ər tɪ kəmˈplɛksɪti spəˈsɪfɪkli. ˈsɛvərəl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz ˌɪnˈklud: 1 ˈmɛʒərmənts ər æt bɛst ən ˌɪndərˈɛkt əˌprɑksəˈmeɪʃən əv lɪŋgˈwɪstɪk kəmˈplɛksɪti (si ɛt æl., 2014 2014 ɑr 14 ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 2014 2014 ə ˈrisənt ˈstədi (ˈbrəndɪʤ, rid, ʧɔɪ, muddiman*, 20 ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ skɔrd fər fɔr ˈdɪfərənt ˈtɑpɪk taɪps ənd faʊnd noʊ klɪr ˌɪnərˈækʃən ˈpætərn fər ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ənd doʊˈmeɪn. ðiz ˈdætə ər ˈklɪrli ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪʃu əv ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz, bət ɪt ɪz lɛs klɪr haʊ ˈrɛləvənt ðeɪ ər tɪ kəmˈplɛksɪti spəˈsɪfɪkli. ˈsɛvərəl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz ˌɪnˈklud: 1 ˈmɛʒərmənts ər æt bɛst ən ˌɪndərˈɛkt əˌprɑksəˈmeɪʃən əv lɪŋgˈwɪstɪk kəmˈplɛksɪti (si ɛt æl., 14 ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɛt æl., 19 ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt ðət wi ər nɑt ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət ʤɑst ɛt 2003 səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈdɪʃənəl səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən meɪ bi faʊnd ɪn ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈvərʒən əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl æt ðə ˈpəblɪʃərz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt: dɪˈskrɪpʃən ˈstədi 1 kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛrz əˈdɪʃənəl dɪˈskəʃən: ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər fər praɪər skeɪlz. pliz noʊt: ðə ˈpəblɪʃər ɪz nɑt riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə ˈkɑntɛnt ər ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti əv ˈɛni səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən səˈplaɪd baɪ ðə ˈɔθərz. ˈɛni kˈwɪriz (ˈəðər ðən ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈkɑntɛnt) ʃʊd bi dɪˈrɛktɪd tɪ ðə ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ ˈɔθər fər ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl.

hey! listen! this post is part of a series on the lite. check them all out! introduction as you know, i love my lite. since i bought it, been wanting to purchase one of the wireless ever since i saw the review of them. i ended up picking up the ac pro on a black friday deal on jet.com. the ap itself does not have a web interface (however, you can to it). to manage the, you need to use the controller software. the software is only needed for the initial setup, and can then be turned off afterwards (which means you can do the setup on your laptop, then disable the software after the initial setup). however, if you want to enable statistic gathering or guest portal, the controller software needs to be running at all times. the controller software is available for windows, mac, linux, which means perfect to run on a small linux server (like a raspberry pi 3). controller setup installation i’m going to assume running this on a raspberry pi 3, running raspbian. however, any distribution should follow the same instructions. first, we need to add the repository to apt. echo "deb stable" | tee note you can also specify the version of to use, as this commenter did, since the stable repository is still on. thanks for submitting this! then, add the key. sudo next, update your repositories and install. sudo update && install now, start. sudo enable start finally, we need to disable, since will run its own instance. sudo stop disable package hold if you read around and the forums, learn that the controller releases (and ap firmware) can be hit-or-miss. because added the repository, every time we do a update && upgrade , we might update the controller software, even if we want it updated. to get around this, hold back the package from being updated automatically. sudo hold to verify it is held back, use. sudo -l | ^h here, you can see the results. hi all server the h as the first character means the package is held, and the i as the second character means the package is currently installed. if you ever need to remove the hold, use the command below. sudo to check for a new release of the package in the repository, use the command below. sudo update && policy if there is a newer version, update to it manually. sudo install oracle java 8 (optional) openjdk has been known to have performance issues on the pi, so running java 8 instead. you can find your current java packages with the command below. sudo -e "java\|jdk\|jre" if you try to find your java version, probably be using. --> java -version java version "1.7.0_111" environment) (7u111-2.6.7-2~deb8u1+rpi1) zero (build, interpreted mode) start by installing oracle java 8. sudo install -y next, update your environment to use the new java. sudo java check your java version again to make sure on java 8. --> java -version java version "1.8.0_65" java(tm) se environment (build-b17) java hotspot(tm) client (build, mixed mode) now, copy the service file so we can edit it, then update it to point at the new java location. sudo -p -i environment=java_home=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-8-oracle-arm32-vfp-hflt'/unifi.service now, restart and. sudo restart.service log rotation (optional) because running the controller on a raspberry pi 3, i have limited space on the card. to make sure the log files fill the card, going to rotate them using. credit to kevin burdett for this idea. first, install. sudo update && install then, create the configuration file to rotate your and logs. sudo bash -c 'cat >> << { rotate 5 daily compress }' the options are explained below: rotate any files ending in ending in .log save 5 log files before deleting older files rotate the log files daily if the log is missing, go onto the next one without error do not rotate the log if it is empty compress the log files (into format) delay compression until the log file is rotated (so processes be trying to log to a compressed file) truncate the original log file in place after creating a copy, instead of moving the old log file and creating a new one access controller you can now access the controller by going to the ip of your device, over port 8443. https://<device_ip_here>:8443 if everything is working, you should see the setup wizard. since there are many different ways to do the setup, i be covering that here. controller alternatives there are a few alternatives to running the controller software on the raspberry pi on your local network: as mentioned earlier, run the controller software on your pc (windows/mac/linux) for initial setup. you can either turn it off after the setup, or leave it running to gather statistics. download the app (ios or android) to setup the ap. the app provides limited setup functionality, with moreanced options requiring the controller. purchase the cloud key ($80). this device sits on your network and runs the controller software locally, but is accessible from anywhere at https://unifi.ubnt.com. instructions are here. run the controller in a or instance. see instructions here for installation and adoption. comparison here, you can see my signal strength on the old access point archer running chaos calmer) on the and networks, respectively. then, the same measurements with the new access point. again, on the and networks, respectively. hope this helps! logan

heɪ! ˈlɪsən! ðɪs poʊst ɪz pɑrt əv ə ˈsɪriz ɔn ðə laɪt. ʧɛk ðɛm ɔl aʊt! ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən ɛz ju noʊ, aɪ ləv maɪ laɪt. sɪns aɪ bɔt ɪt, bɪn ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ ˈpərʧəs wən əv ðə ˈwaɪrlɪs ˈɛvər sɪns aɪ sɔ ðə ˌrivˈju əv ðɛm. aɪ ˈɛndɪd əp ˈpɪkɪŋ əp ðə ˈeɪˈsi proʊ ɔn ə blæk ˈfraɪˌdeɪ dil ɔn jet.com*. ðə ˌeɪˈpi ˌɪtˈsɛlf dɪz nɑt hæv ə wɛb ˈɪnərˌfeɪs (ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ju kən tɪ ɪt). tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ðə, ju nid tɪ juz ðə kənˈtroʊlər ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz ˈoʊnli ˈnidɪd fər ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈsɛˌtəp, ənd kən ðɛn bi tərnd ɔf ˈæftərwərdz (wɪʧ minz ju kən du ðə ˈsɛˌtəp ɔn jʊr ˈlæpˌtɑp, ðɛn dɪˈseɪbəl ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈæftər ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈsɛˌtəp). ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl stəˈtɪstɪk ˈgæðərɪŋ ər gɛst ˈpɔrtəl, ðə kənˈtroʊlər ˈsɔfˌwɛr nidz tɪ bi ˈrənɪŋ æt ɔl taɪmz. ðə kənˈtroʊlər ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈwɪndoʊz, mæk, ˈlɪnəks, wɪʧ minz ˈpərˌfɪkt tɪ rən ɔn ə smɔl ˈlɪnəks ˈsərvər (laɪk ə ˈræzˌbɛri paɪ 3 kənˈtroʊlər ˈsɛˌtəp ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən goʊɪŋ tɪ əˈsum ˈrənɪŋ ðɪs ɔn ə ˈræzˌbɛri paɪ 3 ˈrənɪŋ raspbian*. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈɛni ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ʃʊd ˈfɑloʊ ðə seɪm ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz. fərst, wi nid tɪ æd ðə riˈpɑzəˌtɔri tɪ æpt. ˈɛkoʊ "dɛb ˈsteɪbəl" ti noʊt ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ðə ˈvərʒən əv tɪ juz, ɛz ðɪs ˈkɑmɛntər dɪd, sɪns ðə ˈsteɪbəl riˈpɑzəˌtɔri ɪz stɪl ɔn θæŋks fər səbˈmɪtɪŋ ðɪs! ðɛn, æd ðə ki. nɛkst, ˈəpˌdeɪt jʊr riˈpɑzəˌtɔriz ənd ˌɪnˈstɔl. ˈəpˌdeɪt ˌɪnˈstɔl naʊ, stɑrt. ɪˈneɪbəl stɑrt ˈfaɪnəli, wi nid tɪ dɪˈseɪbəl, sɪns wɪl rən ɪts oʊn ˈɪnstəns. stɑp dɪˈseɪbəl ˈpækɪʤ hoʊld ɪf ju rɛd əraʊnd ənd ðə ˈfɔrəmz, lərn ðət ðə kənˈtroʊlər rɪˈlisɪz (ənd ˌeɪˈpi firmware*) kən bi hit-or-miss*. bɪˈkəz ˈædɪd ðə riˈpɑzəˌtɔri, ˈɛvəri taɪm wi du ə ˈəpˌdeɪt ˈəpˈgreɪd wi maɪt ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə kənˈtroʊlər ˈsɔfˌwɛr, ˈivɪn ɪf wi wɔnt ɪt ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd. tɪ gɪt əraʊnd ðɪs, hoʊld bæk ðə ˈpækɪʤ frəm biɪŋ ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli. hoʊld tɪ ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ ɪt ɪz hɛld bæk, juz. -ɛl ^eɪʧ hir, ju kən si ðə rɪˈzəlts. haɪ ɔl ˈsərvər ðə eɪʧ ɛz ðə fərst ˈkɛrɪktər minz ðə ˈpækɪʤ ɪz hɛld, ənd ðə aɪ ɛz ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈkɛrɪktər minz ðə ˈpækɪʤ ɪz ˈkərəntli ˌɪnˈstɔld. ɪf ju ˈɛvər nid tɪ riˈmuv ðə hoʊld, juz ðə kəˈmænd bɪˈloʊ. tɪ ʧɛk fər ə nu riˈlis əv ðə ˈpækɪʤ ɪn ðə riˈpɑzəˌtɔri, juz ðə kəˈmænd bɪˈloʊ. ˈəpˌdeɪt ˈpɑləsi ɪf ðɛr ɪz ə nuər ˈvərʒən, ˈəpˌdeɪt tɪ ɪt ˈmænjuəli. ˌɪnˈstɔl ˈɔrəkəl ˈʤɑvə 8 (ˈɔpʃənəl) həz bɪn noʊn tɪ hæv pərˈfɔrməns ˈɪʃuz ɔn ðə paɪ, soʊ ˈrənɪŋ ˈʤɑvə 8 ˌɪnˈstɛd. ju kən faɪnd jʊr ˈkɑrənt ˈʤɑvə ˈpækɪʤɪz wɪθ ðə kəˈmænd bɪˈloʊ. -i "java\|jdk\|jre*" ɪf ju traɪ tɪ faɪnd jʊr ˈʤɑvə ˈvərʒən, ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ˈjuzɪŋ. ˈʤɑvə -ˈvərʒən ˈʤɑvə ˈvərʒən ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈziroʊ (bɪld ˌɪnˈtərprətəd moʊd) stɑrt baɪ ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ ˈɔrəkəl ˈʤɑvə 8 ˌɪnˈstɔl -waɪ nɛkst, ˈəpˌdeɪt jʊr ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt tɪ juz ðə nu ˈʤɑvə. ˈʤɑvə ʧɛk jʊr ˈʤɑvə ˈvərʒən əˈgɛn tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ɔn ˈʤɑvə 8 ˈʤɑvə -ˈvərʒən ˈʤɑvə ˈvərʒən java(tm*) seɪ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt (bɪld ˈʤɑvə hotspot(tm*) klaɪənt (bɪld mɪkst moʊd) naʊ, ˈkɑpi ðə ˈsərvɪs faɪl soʊ wi kən ˈɛdət ɪt, ðɛn ˈəpˌdeɪt ɪt tɪ pɔɪnt æt ðə nu ˈʤɑvə loʊˈkeɪʃən. -pi -aɪ environment=java_home=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-8-oracle-arm32-vfp-hflt*' naʊ, riˈstɑrt ənd. riˈstɑrt lɔg roʊˈteɪʃən (ˈɔpʃənəl) bɪˈkəz ˈrənɪŋ ðə kənˈtroʊlər ɔn ə ˈræzˌbɛri paɪ 3 aɪ hæv ˈlɪmɪtɪd speɪs ɔn ðə kɑrd. tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðə lɔg faɪlz fɪl ðə kɑrd, goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈroʊˌteɪt ðɛm ˈjuzɪŋ. ˈkrɛdɪt tɪ ˈkɛvɪn ˈbərdɪt fər ðɪs aɪˈdiə. fərst, ˌɪnˈstɔl. ˈəpˌdeɪt ˌɪnˈstɔl ðɛn, kriˈeɪt ðə kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən faɪl tɪ ˈroʊˌteɪt jʊr ənd lɔgz. bæʃ -si 'kæt ˈroʊˌteɪt 5 ˈdeɪli ˈkɑmprɛs ' ðə ˈɔpʃənz ər ɪkˈspleɪnd bɪˈloʊ: ˈroʊˌteɪt ˈɛni faɪlz ˈɛndɪŋ ɪn ˈɛndɪŋ ɪn .lɔg seɪv 5 lɔg faɪlz ˌbiˈfɔr dɪˈlitɪŋ ˈoʊldər faɪlz ˈroʊˌteɪt ðə lɔg faɪlz ˈdeɪli ɪf ðə lɔg ɪz ˈmɪsɪŋ, goʊ ˈɔntu ðə nɛkst wən wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛrər du nɑt ˈroʊˌteɪt ðə lɔg ɪf ɪt ɪz ˈɛmti ˈkɑmprɛs ðə lɔg faɪlz (ˈɪntu ˈfɔrˌmæt) dɪˈleɪ kəmˈprɛʃən ənˈtɪl ðə lɔg faɪl ɪz ˈroʊˌteɪtɪd (soʊ ˈprɑsɛsəz bi traɪɪŋ tɪ lɔg tɪ ə kəmˈprɛst faɪl) ˈtrəŋˌkeɪt ðə ərˈɪʤənəl lɔg faɪl ɪn pleɪs ˈæftər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈkɑpi, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈmuvɪŋ ðə oʊld lɔg faɪl ənd kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə nu wən ˈækˌsɛs kənˈtroʊlər ju kən naʊ ˈækˌsɛs ðə kənˈtroʊlər baɪ goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌaɪˌpi əv jʊr dɪˈvaɪs, ˈoʊvər pɔrt 8443 ɪf ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ, ju ʃʊd si ðə ˈsɛˌtəp ˈwɪzərd. sɪns ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt weɪz tɪ du ðə ˈsɛˌtəp, aɪ bi ˈkəvərɪŋ ðət hir. kənˈtroʊlər ɔlˈtərnətɪvz ðɛr ər ə fju ɔlˈtərnətɪvz tɪ ˈrənɪŋ ðə kənˈtroʊlər ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɔn ðə ˈræzˌbɛri paɪ ɔn jʊr ˈloʊkəl ˈnɛtˌwərk: ɛz ˈmɛnʃənd ˈərliər, rən ðə kənˈtroʊlər ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɔn jʊr ˈpiˈsi (windows/mac/linux*) fər ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈsɛˌtəp. ju kən ˈiðər tərn ɪt ɔf ˈæftər ðə ˈsɛˌtəp, ər liv ɪt ˈrənɪŋ tɪ ˈgæðər stəˈtɪstɪks. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə æp (ˈioʊs ər ˈænˌdrɔɪd) tɪ ˈsɛˌtəp ðə ˌeɪˈpi. ðə æp prəˈvaɪdz ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈsɛˌtəp ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti, wɪθ mɔr ədˈvænst ˈɔpʃənz rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ðə kənˈtroʊlər. ˈpərʧəs ðə klaʊd ki 80 ðɪs dɪˈvaɪs sɪts ɔn jʊr ˈnɛtˌwərk ənd rənz ðə kənˈtroʊlər ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈloʊkəli, bət ɪz ækˈsɛsəbəl frəm ˈɛniˌwɛr æt https://unifi.ubnt.com*. ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz ər hir. rən ðə kənˈtroʊlər ɪn ə ər ˈɪnstəns. si ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz hir fər ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən ənd əˈdɑpʃən. kəmˈpɛrəsən hir, ju kən si maɪ ˈsɪgnəl strɛŋθ ɔn ðə oʊld ˈækˌsɛs pɔɪnt ˈɑrʧər ˈrənɪŋ keɪɑs ˈkɑmər) ɔn ðə ənd ˈnɛtˌwərks, rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ðɛn, ðə seɪm ˈmɛʒərmənts wɪθ ðə nu ˈækˌsɛs pɔɪnt. əˈgɛn, ɔn ðə ənd ˈnɛtˌwərks, rɪˈspɛktɪvli. hoʊp ðɪs hɛlps! ˈloʊgən

3rd r davis doubled to deep left center, a avila scored. 0 1 4th a jackson singled to center, v martinez scored, j martinez out at third. 0 2 5th o infante singled to left, a escobar scored, n aoki to second. 1 2 5th b butler doubled to deep center, n aoki, o infante and e scored. 4 2 6th o infante to left (392 feet), a escobar and n aoki scored. 7 2 7th l cain singled to left, b butler scored, a gordon to third, b hayes to second. 8 2 7th m grounded into fielder's choice to pitcher, a gordon and b hayes scored on throwing error by pitcher e reed, l cain safe at third on throwing error by pitcher e reed. 10 2 7th a escobar singled to left, l cain scored, m to third. 11 2 9th r davis singled to left, n castellanos scored, a romine to third, e suarez to second. 11 3 9th v martinez reached on infield single to third, a romine scored, e suarez to third, r davis to second. 11 4

3rd* ɑr ˈdeɪvɪs ˈdəbəld tɪ dip lɛft ˈsɛnər, ə əˈvɪlə skɔrd. 0 1 ə ˈʤæksən ˈsɪŋgəld tɪ ˈsɛnər, vi mɑrˈtinɛz skɔrd, ʤeɪ mɑrˈtinɛz aʊt æt θərd. 0 2 oʊ ˌɪnˈfɑnˌteɪ ˈsɪŋgəld tɪ lɛft, ə ˈɛskəˌbɑr skɔrd, ɛn eɪˈoʊki tɪ ˈsɛkənd. 1 2 bi ˈbətlər ˈdəbəld tɪ dip ˈsɛnər, ɛn eɪˈoʊki, oʊ ˌɪnˈfɑnˌteɪ ənd i skɔrd. 4 2 oʊ ˌɪnˈfɑnˌteɪ tɪ lɛft 392 fit), ə ˈɛskəˌbɑr ənd ɛn eɪˈoʊki skɔrd. 7 2 ɛl keɪn ˈsɪŋgəld tɪ lɛft, bi ˈbətlər skɔrd, ə ˈgɔrdən tɪ θərd, bi heɪz tɪ ˈsɛkənd. 8 2 ɛm ˈgraʊndɪd ˈɪntu ˈfildərz ʧɔɪs tɪ ˈpɪʧər, ə ˈgɔrdən ənd bi heɪz skɔrd ɔn θroʊɪŋ ˈɛrər baɪ ˈpɪʧər i rid, ɛl keɪn seɪf æt θərd ɔn θroʊɪŋ ˈɛrər baɪ ˈpɪʧər i rid. 10 2 ə ˈɛskəˌbɑr ˈsɪŋgəld tɪ lɛft, ɛl keɪn skɔrd, ɛm tɪ θərd. 11 2 ɑr ˈdeɪvɪs ˈsɪŋgəld tɪ lɛft, ɛn kɑsteɪˈlɑnoʊz skɔrd, ə ˈrɑmɪn tɪ θərd, i swɑˈrɛz tɪ ˈsɛkənd. 11 3 vi mɑrˈtinɛz riʧt ɔn ˈɪnˌfild ˈsɪŋgəl tɪ θərd, ə ˈrɑmɪn skɔrd, i swɑˈrɛz tɪ θərd, ɑr ˈdeɪvɪs tɪ ˈsɛkənd. 11 4

more than a tv: kiwi smart tv owners have been slow to connect their tvs to the internet. the average kiwi household has three devices - and perhaps even more after yesterday - but many other gadgets in homes are not online, new research suggests. a brunton survey, commissioned by wholesale broadband provider chorus, found laptops, computers and were the gadgets with the highest penetration, appearing in 82 per cent, 63 per cent and 60 per cent of kiwi homes respectively. those gadgets had a high level of internet - at least 92 per cent. but other smart devices are not being connected. almost 40 per cent of new zealand households have a smart or tv, so viewers can browse the web, stream and movies and use applications such as skype, but half of them are not hooked up to the internet. similarly, 61 per cent of players, 57 per cent of security systems, 42 per cent of tv and 41 per cent of hand-held gaming consoles are not used online. when asked why their devices were not online, 37 per cent of respondents said it was not necessary for them to be, 8 per cent said they did not know how to connect them, 8 per cent said they did not have the capability to connect them and 8 per cent said they did not want to use the devices online. chorus spokesman gerard linstrom said many consumers were not aware their devices could be connected to the web or of the benefits of doing so. people thought players were just for playing disks, "but increasingly, a lot of disks come with interactive content. there are additional features and programming available". "there's a lot of untapped content that people have already got access to - they've already paid for it." web-connected home security systems could be managed and monitored remotely, for example, through a smartphone, while tv could also be controlled remotely. telecommunications users association chief executive paul said awareness was an issue but a lack of content was a big reason people with smart tvs weren't connected - himself included. movie and streaming service had only just become available for tvs through freeview. "but has a fairly limited library, they'd be the first to admit that. sky doesn't do anything other than replay its broadcasts and with and [online] it's just replay tv. there's really a limited amount of legal digital video content beyond content." he was surprised by how many households had connected their tvs. "the rest of us will join in once there's a service to connect to." linstrom said there were usually multiple options for hooking devices up online, and the type of internet connection could make a difference. homes on the internet delivered over fibre could run multiple applications without them interfering with each other. "mum and dad can sit in the living room and watch a movie or a sports programme while somebody sitting in another room plays an interactive game, and somebody else listens to online music." he recommended owners of devices consult the instruction manual to get connected, or they could call in the professionals. "a lot of the retailers have got their own geeks who will come in and install your pc or your tv or your home theatre so that it will actually work the way it's intended to." teenagers, particularly gamers, were often pretty clued up at connecting devices to the internet, linstrom said. "so one of the other options is ask your teenager." fairfax

mɔr ðən ə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən: ˈkiwi smɑrt ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈoʊnərz hæv bɪn sloʊ tɪ kəˈnɛkt ðɛr ˈtiˈviz tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈkiwi ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld həz θri dɪˈvaɪsɪz ənd pərˈhæps ˈivɪn mɔr ˈæftər ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ bət ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈgæʤəts ɪn hoʊmz ər nɑt ˈɔnˌlaɪn, nu ˈrisərʧ səˈʤɛsts. ə ˈbrəntən ˈsərˌveɪ, kəˈmɪʃənd baɪ ˈhoʊlˌseɪl ˈbrɔdˌbænd prəˈvaɪdər ˈkɔrəs, faʊnd ˈlæpˌtɑps, kəmˈpjutərz ənd wər ðə ˈgæʤəts wɪθ ðə haɪəst ˌpɛnəˈtreɪʃən, əˈpɪrɪŋ ɪn 82 pər sɛnt, 63 pər sɛnt ənd 60 pər sɛnt əv ˈkiwi hoʊmz rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ðoʊz ˈgæʤəts hæd ə haɪ ˈlɛvəl əv ˈɪntərˌnɛt æt list 92 pər sɛnt. bət ˈəðər smɑrt dɪˈvaɪsɪz ər nɑt biɪŋ kəˈnɛktɪd. ˈɔlˌmoʊst 40 pər sɛnt əv nu ˈzilənd ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz hæv ə smɑrt ər ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən, soʊ vjuərz kən braʊz ðə wɛb, strim ənd ˈmuviz ənd juz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz səʧ ɛz skaɪp, bət hæf əv ðɛm ər nɑt hʊkt əp tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ˈsɪmələrli, 61 pər sɛnt əv pleɪərz, 57 pər sɛnt əv sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsɪstəmz, 42 pər sɛnt əv ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ənd 41 pər sɛnt əv ˈhænˌdhɛld ˈgeɪmɪŋ kənˈsoʊlz ər nɑt juzd ˈɔnˌlaɪn. wɪn æst waɪ ðɛr dɪˈvaɪsɪz wər nɑt ˈɔnˌlaɪn, 37 pər sɛnt əv rɪˈspɑndənts sɛd ɪt wɑz nɑt ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ðɛm tɪ bi, 8 pər sɛnt sɛd ðeɪ dɪd nɑt noʊ haʊ tɪ kəˈnɛkt ðɛm, 8 pər sɛnt sɛd ðeɪ dɪd nɑt hæv ðə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti tɪ kəˈnɛkt ðɛm ənd 8 pər sɛnt sɛd ðeɪ dɪd nɑt wɔnt tɪ juz ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ˈkɔrəs ˈspoʊksmən ʤərɑrd ˈlɪnstrəm sɛd ˈmɛni kənˈsumərz wər nɑt əˈwɛr ðɛr dɪˈvaɪsɪz kʊd bi kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ðə wɛb ər əv ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv duɪŋ soʊ. ˈpipəl θɔt pleɪərz wər ʤɪst fər pleɪɪŋ dɪsks, "bət ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli, ə lɔt əv dɪsks kəm wɪθ ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ˈkɑntɛnt. ðɛr ər əˈdɪʃənəl ˈfiʧərz ənd ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ əˈveɪləbəl". "ðɛrz ə lɔt əv ənˈtæpt ˈkɑntɛnt ðət ˈpipəl hæv ɔˈrɛdi gɑt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðeɪv ɔˈrɛdi peɪd fər ɪt." hoʊm sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsɪstəmz kʊd bi ˈmænɪʤd ənd ˈmɑnətərd riˈmoʊtli, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, θru ə smartphone*, waɪl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi kənˈtroʊld riˈmoʊtli. ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈjuzərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv pɔl sɛd əˈwɛrnəs wɑz ən ˈɪʃu bət ə læk əv ˈkɑntɛnt wɑz ə bɪg ˈrizən ˈpipəl wɪθ smɑrt ˈtiˈviz wərənt kəˈnɛktɪd hɪmˈsɛlf ˌɪnˈkludɪd. ˈmuvi ənd ˈstrimɪŋ ˈsərvɪs hæd ˈoʊnli ʤɪst bɪˈkəm əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈtiˈviz θru freeview*. "bət həz ə ˈfɛrli ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, ðeɪd bi ðə fərst tɪ ədˈmɪt ðət. skaɪ ˈdəzənt du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈəðər ðən riˈpleɪ ɪts ˈbrɔdˌkæsts ənd wɪθ ənd [ˈɔnˌlaɪn] ɪts ʤɪst riˈpleɪ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. ðɛrz ˈrɪli ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd əˈmaʊnt əv ˈligəl ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkɑntɛnt bɪɔnd ˈkɑntɛnt." hi wɑz səˈpraɪzd baɪ haʊ ˈmɛni ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz hæd kəˈnɛktɪd ðɛr ˈtiˈviz. "ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs wɪl ʤɔɪn ɪn wəns ðɛrz ə ˈsərvɪs tɪ kəˈnɛkt tɪ." ˈlɪnstrəm sɛd ðɛr wər ˈjuʒəwəli ˈməltəpəl ˈɔpʃənz fər ˈhʊkɪŋ dɪˈvaɪsɪz əp ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ənd ðə taɪp əv ˈɪntərˌnɛt kəˈnɛkʃən kʊd meɪk ə ˈdɪfərəns. hoʊmz ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt dɪˈlɪvərd ˈoʊvər ˈfaɪbər kʊd rən ˈməltəpəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz wɪˈθaʊt ðɛm ˌɪnərˈfɪrɪŋ wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər. "məm ənd dæd kən sɪt ɪn ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ rum ənd wɔʧ ə ˈmuvi ər ə spɔrts ˈproʊˌgræm waɪl ˈsəmˌbɑdi ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn əˈnəðər rum pleɪz ən ˌɪnərˈæktɪv geɪm, ənd ˈsəmˌbɑdi ɛls ˈlɪsənz tɪ ˈɔnˌlaɪn mˈjuzɪk." hi ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ˈoʊnərz əv dɪˈvaɪsɪz kənˈsəlt ðə ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən ˈmænjuəl tɪ gɪt kəˈnɛktɪd, ər ðeɪ kʊd kɔl ɪn ðə prəˈfɛʃənəlz. "ə lɔt əv ðə ˈriˌteɪlərz hæv gɑt ðɛr oʊn giks hu wɪl kəm ɪn ənd ˌɪnˈstɔl jʊr ˈpiˈsi ər jʊr ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ər jʊr hoʊm ˈθiətər soʊ ðət ɪt wɪl ˈæˌkʧuəli wərk ðə weɪ ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ." ˈtiˌneɪʤərz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈgeɪmərz, wər ˈɔfən ˈprɪti klud əp æt kəˈnɛktɪŋ dɪˈvaɪsɪz tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt, ˈlɪnstrəm sɛd. "soʊ wən əv ðə ˈəðər ˈɔpʃənz ɪz æsk jʊr ˈtiˌneɪʤər." ˈfɛrˌfæks

a team led by postdoctoral associate john heron of cornell university has developed a memory design that replaces electric currents with an electric field. it could lead to low-power, computing devices. “the advantage here is low energy consumption,” heron said. “it requires a low voltage, without current, to switch it. devices that use currents consume more energy and dissipate a significant amount of that energy in the form of heat. that is heating up your computer and draining your batteries.” the researchers made their device out of bismuth ferrite, which is both magnetic and, meaning always electrically polarized; and that polarization can be switched by applying an electric field. this rare combination makes it a “multiferroic” material, allowing for it to be used for nonvolatile memory devices with relatively simple geometries. other scientists have demonstrated similar results with competing materials, but at impractical cold temperatures, like 4 kelvin (-452 fahrenheit). their results were published online dec. 17 in nature, along with an associated “news and views” article. collaborators from the university of connecticut; university of california, berkeley; university; and swiss federal institute of technology in zurich where also involved in the research, which was supported by the national science foundation and the institute at cornell for science. abstract of deterministic switching of ferromagnetism at room temperature using an electric field the technological appeal of is the ability to control magnetism with electric, 2, 3. for devices to be useful, such control must be achieved at room temperature. the only material exhibiting unambiguous coupling at room temperature is 4 and 5). its weak ferromagnetism arises from the of the aligned spins by the (dm), 7, 8, 9. prior theory considered the symmetry of the ground state and concluded that direct switching of the vector by the polarization was, 11. instead, we examined the kinetics of the switching process, something not considered previously in theoretical, 11, 12. here we show a deterministic reversal of the vector and moment using an electric field at room temperature. calculations reveal that the switching kinetics favours a switching process. in each step the vector and polarization are coupled and deterministic switching of magnetization hence becomes possible, in agreement with experimental observation. we exploit this switching to demonstrate control of a device at room temperature. the energy per unit area required is approximately an order of magnitude less than that needed for torque, 14. given that the interaction is fundamental to ands3, 9, our results suggest ways to engineer switching and tailor technologically pertinent functionality for nanometre-scale, low-energy-consumption, non-volatile magnetoelectronics.

ə tim lɛd baɪ ˌpoʊstˈdɑkˌtərəl əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ʤɑn ˈhɛrən əv kɔrˈnɛl ˌjunəˈvərsəti həz dɪˈvɛləpt ə ˈmɛməri dɪˈzaɪn ðət rɪˈpleɪsɪz ɪˈlɛktrɪk kərənts wɪθ ən ɪˈlɛktrɪk fild. ɪt kʊd lɛd tɪ low-power*, kəmˈpjutɪŋ dɪˈvaɪsɪz. ædˈvæntɪʤ hir ɪz loʊ ˈɛnərʤi consumption,”*,” ˈhɛrən sɛd. rikˈwaɪərz ə loʊ ˈvoʊltɪʤ, wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɑrənt, tɪ swɪʧ ɪt. dɪˈvaɪsɪz ðət juz kərənts kənˈsum mɔr ˈɛnərʤi ənd ˈdɪsəˌpeɪt ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈmaʊnt əv ðət ˈɛnərʤi ɪn ðə fɔrm əv hit. ðət ɪz ˈhitɪŋ əp jʊr kəmˈpjutər ənd ˈdreɪnɪŋ jʊr batteries.”*.” ðə ˈrisərʧərz meɪd ðɛr dɪˈvaɪs aʊt əv ˈbɪzməθ ˈfɛraɪt, wɪʧ ɪz boʊθ mægˈnɛtɪk ənd, ˈminɪŋ ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪˈlɛktrɪkəli ˈpoʊlərˌaɪzd; ənd ðət ˌpoʊlərɪˈzeɪʃən kən bi swɪʧt baɪ əˈplaɪɪŋ ən ɪˈlɛktrɪk fild. ðɪs rɛr ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən meɪks ɪt ə ““multiferroic”*” məˈtɪriəl, əˈlaʊɪŋ fər ɪt tɪ bi juzd fər nɑnˈvɑlətəl ˈmɛməri dɪˈvaɪsɪz wɪθ ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈsɪmpəl ʤiˈɑmətriz. ˈəðər ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ˈsɪmələr rɪˈzəlts wɪθ kəmˈpitɪŋ məˈtɪriəlz, bət æt ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəl koʊld ˈtɛmpərəʧərz, laɪk 4 ˈkɛlvɪn 452 ˈfɛrənˌhaɪt). ðɛr rɪˈzəlts wər ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɔnˌlaɪn dɛk. 17 ɪn ˈneɪʧər, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd ənd views”*” ˈɑrtɪkəl. kəˈlæbərˌeɪtərz frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv kəˈnɛtəkət; ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈbərkli; ˌjunəˈvərsəti; ənd swɪs ˈfɛdərəl ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪn ˈzʊrɪk wɛr ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈrisərʧ, wɪʧ wɑz səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl saɪəns faʊnˈdeɪʃən ənd ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut æt kɔrˈnɛl fər saɪəns. ˈæbˌstrækt əv dɪˌtərməˈnɪstɪk sˈwɪʧɪŋ əv ˌfɛroʊˈmægnəˌtɪzəm æt rum ˈtɛmpərəʧər ˈjuzɪŋ ən ɪˈlɛktrɪk fild ðə ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl əˈpil əv ɪz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ kənˈtroʊl ˈmægnəˌtɪzəm wɪθ ɪˈlɛktrɪk 2 3 fər dɪˈvaɪsɪz tɪ bi ˈjusfəl, səʧ kənˈtroʊl məst bi əˈʧivd æt rum ˈtɛmpərəʧər. ðə ˈoʊnli məˈtɪriəl ɪgˈzɪbɪtɪŋ ˌənæmˈbɪgjəwəs ˈkəplɪŋ æt rum ˈtɛmpərəʧər ɪz 4 ənd 5 ɪts wik ˌfɛroʊˈmægnəˌtɪzəm ərˈaɪzɪz frəm ðə əv ðə əˈlaɪnd spɪnz baɪ ðə (dm*) 7 8 9 praɪər ˈθɪri kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˈsɪmətri əv ðə graʊnd steɪt ənd kənˈkludɪd ðət dɪˈrɛkt sˈwɪʧɪŋ əv ðə ˈvɛktər baɪ ðə ˌpoʊlərɪˈzeɪʃən wɑz 11 ˌɪnˈstɛd, wi ɪgˈzæmənd ðə kəˈnɛtɪks əv ðə sˈwɪʧɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs, ˈsəmθɪŋ nɑt kənˈsɪdərd ˈpriviəsli ɪn ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl 11 12 hir wi ʃoʊ ə dɪˌtərməˈnɪstɪk rɪˈvərsəl əv ðə ˈvɛktər ənd ˈmoʊmənt ˈjuzɪŋ ən ɪˈlɛktrɪk fild æt rum ˈtɛmpərəʧər. ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz rɪˈvil ðət ðə sˈwɪʧɪŋ kəˈnɛtɪks ˈfeɪvərz ə sˈwɪʧɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs. ɪn iʧ stɛp ðə ˈvɛktər ənd ˌpoʊlərɪˈzeɪʃən ər ˈkəpəld ənd dɪˌtərməˈnɪstɪk sˈwɪʧɪŋ əv ˌmægnətəˈzeɪʃən hɛns bɪˈkəmz ˈpɑsəbəl, ɪn əˈgrimənt wɪθ ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən. wi ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt ðɪs sˈwɪʧɪŋ tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt kənˈtroʊl əv ə dɪˈvaɪs æt rum ˈtɛmpərəʧər. ðə ˈɛnərʤi pər ˈjunɪt ˈɛriə rikˈwaɪərd ɪz əˈprɑksəmətli ən ˈɔrdər əv ˈmægnəˌtud lɛs ðən ðət ˈnidɪd fər tɔrk 14 ˈgɪvɪn ðət ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən ɪz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl tɪ ənd 9 ɑr rɪˈzəlts səˈʤɛst weɪz tɪ ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr sˈwɪʧɪŋ ənd ˈteɪlər ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəli ˈpərtɪnɪnt ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti fər nanometre-scale*, low-energy-consumption*, nɑnˈvɑlətəl magnetoelectronics*.

nintendo australia fears it could be swamped by requests for freebies after a cute story of goodwill went viral on the internet. 11-year-old victorian schoolgirl helen last month wrote to the company as part of her year 6 class project. "the reason i'm (sic) to your company is because at school we are learning how to write letters to companies," helen wrote. "we have 25 students in our class and we have 25 companies. i chose your company because i'm a big fan of yours." in fact helen was such a big fan of nintendo she couldn't resist asking for a gaming console after her parents "refused" to buy her one. "i also have a request to make. my request is quite big. i would like a please for those many reasons," helen wrote. nintendo obliged and sent a new to helen's school along with a letter of reply to the young girl. "thank you for your letter we were very impressed. i really hope you and your classmates enjoy playing the," wrote a nintendo staff member. now the exchange including helen's letter and nintendo's reply has gone viral on the internet. just two days after being posted online, the exchange has been viewed more than times on site imgur. it has also attracted thousands of votes on websites like and digg. but for every reader that responded with a "daaaaw", there's another who has joked about trying it out for themselves. "so i can just send any company a letter and they will give me a product?" asked one reader on digg. "i'm going to send a letter to steve for a certain pad," said another. however if you're thinking about writing to nintendo under the of a school project, be warned they verify all requests. "nintendo always calls the school, hospital, retirement home, or whatever it may be to ensure the letter is legitimate," said nintendo australia's heather murphy. "in this particular case, nintendo called the school and spoke to the school principal." after talking to the principal to make sure the gaming console would be well used, nintendo sent a and a "game suitable for children to play" to the school. ms murphy said it wasn't common practice to give away free consoles or even reply to everyone who wrote to the company. she said it received "hundreds" of letters per day. "nintendo does not routinely give away products in response to letters. from time to time, we may donate product to schools, hospitals or retirement villages," she said. "we receive a high number of letters on a daily basis, and unfortunately we are not able to respond to every one. "so therefore we hope we do not receive an influx as we simply would not be able to respond." however ms murphy said nintendo would like to thank everyone who had written to the company already. "especially those letters that tell nintendo about their experiences with our products and how and why they enjoy them so much," she said.

nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ɔˈstreɪljə fɪrz ɪt kʊd bi swɔmpt baɪ rɪkˈwɛsts fər ˈfribiz ˈæftər ə kjut ˈstɔri əv ˈgʊdˈwɪl wɛnt ˈvaɪrəl ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. vɪkˈtɔriən ˈskulˌgərl ˈhɛlən læst mənθ roʊt tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɛz pɑrt əv hər jɪr 6 klæs ˈprɑʤɛkt. "ðə ˈrizən əm (sɪk) tɪ jʊr ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz bɪˈkəz æt skul wi ər ˈlərnɪŋ haʊ tɪ raɪt ˈlɛtərz tɪ ˈkəmpəˌniz," ˈhɛlən roʊt. "wi hæv 25 ˈstudənts ɪn ɑr klæs ənd wi hæv 25 ˈkəmpəˌniz. aɪ ʧoʊz jʊr ˈkəmpəˌni bɪˈkəz əm ə bɪg fæn əv jʊrz." ɪn fækt ˈhɛlən wɑz səʧ ə bɪg fæn əv nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ʃi ˈkʊdənt rɪˈzɪst ˈæskɪŋ fər ə ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈkɑnsoʊl ˈæftər hər ˈpɛrənts "rɪfˈjuzd" tɪ baɪ hər wən. "aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ə rɪkˈwɛst tɪ meɪk. maɪ rɪkˈwɛst ɪz kwaɪt bɪg. aɪ wʊd laɪk ə pliz fər ðoʊz ˈmɛni ˈrizənz," ˈhɛlən roʊt. nɪnˈtɛndoʊ əˈblaɪʤd ənd sɛnt ə nu tɪ ˈhɛlɪnz skul əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə ˈlɛtər əv rɪˈplaɪ tɪ ðə jəŋ gərl. "θæŋk ju fər jʊr ˈlɛtər wi wər ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈprɛst. aɪ ˈrɪli hoʊp ju ənd jʊr ˈklæsˌmeɪts ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ pleɪɪŋ ðə," roʊt ə nɪnˈtɛndoʊ stæf ˈmɛmbər. naʊ ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈhɛlɪnz ˈlɛtər ənd nɪnˈtɛndoʊz rɪˈplaɪ həz gɔn ˈvaɪrəl ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ʤɪst tu deɪz ˈæftər biɪŋ ˈpoʊstɪd ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ həz bɪn vjud mɔr ðən taɪmz ɔn saɪt imgur*. ɪt həz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈtræktəd ˈθaʊzənz əv voʊts ɔn ˈwɛbˌsaɪts laɪk ənd digg*. bət fər ˈɛvəri ˈridər ðət rɪˈspɑndɪd wɪθ ə "daaaaw*", ðɛrz əˈnəðər hu həz ʤoʊkt əˈbaʊt traɪɪŋ ɪt aʊt fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz. "soʊ aɪ kən ʤɪst sɛnd ˈɛni ˈkəmpəˌni ə ˈlɛtər ənd ðeɪ wɪl gɪv mi ə ˈprɑdəkt?" æst wən ˈridər ɔn digg*. "əm goʊɪŋ tɪ sɛnd ə ˈlɛtər tɪ stiv fər ə ˈsərtən pæd," sɛd əˈnəðər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər ɪf jʊr ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈraɪtɪŋ tɪ nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ˈəndər ðə əv ə skul ˈprɑʤɛkt, bi wɔrnd ðeɪ ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ ɔl rɪkˈwɛsts. "nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ˈɔlˌweɪz kɔlz ðə skul, ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, rɪˈtaɪərmənt hoʊm, ər ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪt meɪ bi tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ˈlɛtər ɪz ləˈʤɪtəmət," sɛd nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ɔˈstreɪljəz ˈhɛðər ˈmərfi. "ɪn ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr keɪs, nɪnˈtɛndoʊ kɔld ðə skul ənd spoʊk tɪ ðə skul ˈprɪnsəpəl." ˈæftər ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈkɑnsoʊl wʊd bi wɛl juzd, nɪnˈtɛndoʊ sɛnt ə ənd ə "geɪm ˈsutəbəl fər ˈʧɪldrən tɪ pleɪ" tɪ ðə skul. mɪz ˈmərfi sɛd ɪt ˈwəzənt ˈkɑmən ˈpræktɪs tɪ gɪv əˈweɪ fri kənˈsoʊlz ər ˈivɪn rɪˈplaɪ tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən hu roʊt tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. ʃi sɛd ɪt rɪˈsivd "ˈhənərdz" əv ˈlɛtərz pər deɪ. "nɪnˈtɛndoʊ dɪz nɑt ruˈtinli gɪv əˈweɪ ˈprɑdəkts ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈlɛtərz. frəm taɪm tɪ taɪm, wi meɪ ˈdoʊˌneɪt ˈprɑdəkt tɪ skulz, ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz ər rɪˈtaɪərmənt ˈvɪlɪʤɪz," ʃi sɛd. "wi rɪˈsiv ə haɪ ˈnəmbər əv ˈlɛtərz ɔn ə ˈdeɪli ˈbeɪsɪs, ənd ənˈfɔrʧənətli wi ər nɑt ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ˈɛvəri wən. "soʊ ˈðɛrˌfɔr wi hoʊp wi du nɑt rɪˈsiv ən ˈɪnˌfləks ɛz wi ˈsɪmpli wʊd nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈspɑnd." ˌhaʊˈɛvər mɪz ˈmərfi sɛd nɪnˈtɛndoʊ wʊd laɪk tɪ θæŋk ˈɛvriˌwən hu hæd ˈrɪtən tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɔˈrɛdi. "əˈspɛʃəli ðoʊz ˈlɛtərz ðət tɛl nɪnˈtɛndoʊ əˈbaʊt ðɛr ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz wɪθ ɑr ˈprɑdəkts ənd haʊ ənd waɪ ðeɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðɛm soʊ məʧ," ʃi sɛd.

stuart, a man with diabetes, felt fatigued, nauseated, and short of breath after just the slightest exertion. his daughter, worried by his increasing frailty, took him to the emergency room at the local hospital. her concern was amply justified: stuart was suffering from heart failure. like million other americans each year who suffer from heart failure, he was admitted to the hospital to treat this serious, often life-threatening condition. the caring medical team stabilized his condition, and stuart left the hospital after 10 days, glad to be home with words of advice and a few medications. within a month he was back, once again fatigued, and facing a second episode. stuart’s story is far from rare. hospital for chronic conditions such as diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), and congestive heart failure (chf) are both common and very costly. studies conducted in the united states indicate that nearly 20% of medicare patients who are hospitalized for chronic conditions are often readmitted within 30 days. experts at indicate that it costs us $26 billion a year, and often a large majority of these are actually considered avoidable with accurate and personalized care protocols. costs have become so onerous that the affordable care act includes financial rewards and penalties to deal with the problem. hospitals that reduce their rates receive financial incentives; those that do not, lose reimbursement and get penalized. holistic tools that can reliably predict—taking into account all aspects of each condition and risk significantly help patients and hospitals. the growth in the use of electronic patient records has recently offered the potential for such analysis, but little had been done to harness the collective intelligence contained in hospital patient records augmented with other data sources. by introducing cloud computing technology and applying some of the latest advances in machine learning techniques, researchers are rapidly changing this situation. one leading example of this is score as a service), a platform that was developed by the university of washington (uw) center for data science. compares a medical information to a database of outcomes, using advanced machine learning techniques to arrive at a factor as well as corresponding actionable guidelines for the team. those patients identified with a high risk receive additional treatment: the goal is to reduce their likelihood of and produce overall healthier outcomes across all stages of the patient care continuum. the hundreds of machine learning models of are developed by using both the r machine learning language, and microsoft azure machine learning. this chronic care management predictive platform relies on historical patient data from multiple sources. these sources include electronic medical records, claims, labs, medications, and psycho-social factors, all labeled with observed outcomes that the machine learning models access and share in sync to provide continuous monitoring for personalized patient alerts. raas is available as an service as well as via the cloud by using azure machine learning web services and the scoring engine to make predictions for patients. when deployed using azure cloud services, performs data preparation at scale. the center for data science team began developing initial models in collaboration with health system in march 2012, using just two servers. the maintenance, frequent updates, and down times of these servers posed an ongoing problem, and issues limited the scope of the project by affecting the speed of data exploration and machine learning. about a year and a half ago, the team applied for and was awarded an azure for research grant, taking advantage of the microsoft research program that offers training and awards of computing resources to qualified institutions that use the cloud to advance scientific discovery. the award enabled the center for data science team to scale up the project and create a robust prediction engine that generates a risk factor score for patients at every stage of their hospital care: post-admission, pre-discharge, and post-discharge. the platform at health enables the care management team to view an electronic dashboard that shows patients’ risks of. medicine cardiology is now collaborating with the center for data science team to study the efficacy of predictive models for augmenting care management guidelines by using machine learning. —daron green, deputy managing director, microsoft research —gregory wood, md, medicine cardiology learn more

stɔrt, ə mæn wɪθ ˌdaɪəˈbitiz, fɛlt fəˈtigd, ˈnɔziˌeɪtəd, ənd ʃɔrt əv brɛθ ˈæftər ʤɪst ðə sˈlaɪtəst ɪgˈzərʃən. hɪz ˈdɔtər, ˈwərid baɪ hɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈfreɪlti, tʊk ɪm tɪ ðə ˈimərʤənsi rum æt ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. hər kənˈsərn wɑz ˈæmpli ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd: stɔrt wɑz ˈsəfərɪŋ frəm hɑrt ˈfeɪljər. laɪk ˈmɪljən ˈəðər əˈmɛrɪkənz iʧ jɪr hu ˈsəfər frəm hɑrt ˈfeɪljər, hi wɑz ədˈmɪtəd tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl tɪ trit ðɪs ˈsɪriəs, ˈɔfən ˈlaɪfθˌrɛtnɪŋ kənˈdɪʃən. ðə ˈkɛrɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl tim ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzd hɪz kənˈdɪʃən, ənd stɔrt lɛft ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈæftər 10 deɪz, glæd tɪ bi hoʊm wɪθ wərdz əv ədˈvaɪs ənd ə fju ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz. wɪˈθɪn ə mənθ hi wɑz bæk, wəns əˈgɛn fəˈtigd, ənd ˈfeɪsɪŋ ə ˈsɛkənd ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd. ˈstɔri ɪz fɑr frəm rɛr. ˈhɑˌspɪtəl fər ˈkrɑnɪk kənˈdɪʃənz səʧ ɛz ˌdaɪəˈbitiz, ˈkrɑnɪk əbˈstrəktɪv ˈpʊlməˌnɛri dɪˈziz (copd*), ənd kənˈʤɛstɪv hɑrt ˈfeɪljər (chf*) ər boʊθ ˈkɑmən ənd ˈvɛri ˈkɔstli. ˈstədiz kənˈdəktəd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ˈnɪrli 20 əv ˈmɛdəˌkɛr ˈpeɪʃənz hu ər ˈhɑspɪtəˌlaɪzd fər ˈkrɑnɪk kənˈdɪʃənz ər ˈɔfən ˌriədˈmɪtɪd wɪˈθɪn 30 deɪz. ˈɛkspərts æt ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ɪt kɔsts ˈjuˈɛs 26 ˈbɪljən ə jɪr, ənd ˈɔfən ə lɑrʤ məˈʤɔrəti əv ðiz ər ˈæˌkʧuəli kənˈsɪdərd əˈvɔɪdəbəl wɪθ ˈækjərət ənd ˈpərsənəˌlaɪzd kɛr ˈproʊtəˌkɔlz. kɔsts hæv bɪˈkəm soʊ ˈoʊnərəs ðət ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt ˌɪnˈkludz ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl rɪˈwɔrdz ənd ˈpɛnəltiz tɪ dil wɪθ ðə ˈprɑbləm. ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz ðət rɪˈdus ðɛr reɪts rɪˈsiv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz; ðoʊz ðət du nɑt, luz ˌriɪmˈbərsmənt ənd gɪt ˈpinəˌlaɪzd. hoʊˈlɪstɪk tulz ðət kən rɪˈlaɪəbli prɪˈdɪkt ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ɔl ˈæˌspɛkts əv iʧ kənˈdɪʃən ənd rɪsk sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli hɛlp ˈpeɪʃənz ənd ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz. ðə groʊθ ɪn ðə juz əv ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈpeɪʃənt ˈrɛkərdz həz ˈrisəntli ˈɔfərd ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər səʧ æˈnælɪsɪs, bət ˈlɪtəl hæd bɪn dən tɪ ˈhɑrnɪs ðə kəˈlɛktɪv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kənˈteɪnd ɪn ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈpeɪʃənt ˈrɛkərdz ɑgˈmɛntəd wɪθ ˈəðər ˈdætə ˈsɔrsəz. baɪ ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ klaʊd kəmˈpjutɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd əˈplaɪɪŋ səm əv ðə ˈleɪtəst ədˈvænsɪz ɪn məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ tɛkˈniks, ˈrisərʧərz ər ˈræpədli ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. wən ˈlidɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðɪs ɪz skɔr ɛz ə ˈsərvɪs), ə ˈplætˌfɔrm ðət wɑz dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən (uw*) ˈsɛnər fər ˈdætə saɪəns. kəmˈpɛrz ə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ ə ˈdætəˌbeɪs əv ˈaʊtˌkəmz, ˈjuzɪŋ ədˈvænst məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ tɛkˈniks tɪ əraɪv æt ə ˈfæktər ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ ˈækʃənəbəl ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz fər ðə tim. ðoʊz ˈpeɪʃənz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd wɪθ ə haɪ rɪsk rɪˈsiv əˈdɪʃənəl ˈtritmənt: ðə goʊl ɪz tɪ rɪˈdus ðɛr ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd əv ənd ˈproʊdus ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈhɛlθiər ˈaʊtˌkəmz əˈkrɔs ɔl ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ðə ˈpeɪʃənt kɛr kənˈtɪnjuəm. ðə ˈhənərdz əv məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ ˈmɑdəlz əv ər dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ boʊθ ðə ɑr məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ənd ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈæʒər məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ. ðɪs ˈkrɑnɪk kɛr ˈmænɪʤmənt prɪˈdɪktɪv ˈplætˌfɔrm rɪˈlaɪz ɔn hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈpeɪʃənt ˈdætə frəm ˈməltəpəl ˈsɔrsəz. ðiz ˈsɔrsəz ˌɪnˈklud ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈrɛkərdz, kleɪmz, læbz, ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz, ənd ˈsaɪkoʊˌsoʊʃəl ˈfæktərz, ɔl ˈleɪbəld wɪθ əbˈzərvd ˈaʊtˌkəmz ðət ðə məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ ˈmɑdəlz ˈækˌsɛs ənd ʃɛr ɪn sɪŋk tɪ prəˈvaɪd kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈmɑnətərɪŋ fər ˈpərsənəˌlaɪzd ˈpeɪʃənt əˈlərts. ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ɛz ən ˈsərvɪs ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈviə ðə klaʊd baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈæʒər məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ wɛb ˈsərvɪsɪz ənd ðə ˈskɔrɪŋ ˈɪnʤən tɪ meɪk priˈdɪkʃənz fər ˈpeɪʃənz. wɪn dɪˈplɔɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈæʒər klaʊd ˈsərvɪsɪz, pərˈfɔrmz ˈdætə ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən æt skeɪl. ðə ˈsɛnər fər ˈdætə saɪəns tim bɪˈgæn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈmɑdəlz ɪn kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən wɪθ hɛlθ ˈsɪstəm ɪn mɑrʧ 2012 ˈjuzɪŋ ʤɪst tu ˈsərvərz. ðə ˈmeɪntənəns, ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈəpˌdeɪts, ənd daʊn taɪmz əv ðiz ˈsərvərz poʊzd ən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈprɑbləm, ənd ˈɪʃuz ˈlɪmɪtɪd ðə skoʊp əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt baɪ əˈfɛktɪŋ ðə spid əv ˈdætə ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən ənd məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ. əˈbaʊt ə jɪr ənd ə hæf əˈgoʊ, ðə tim əˈplaɪd fər ənd wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ən ˈæʒər fər ˈrisərʧ grænt, ˈteɪkɪŋ ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðə ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈrisərʧ ˈproʊˌgræm ðət ˈɔfərz ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd əˈwɔrdz əv kəmˈpjutɪŋ ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ kˈwɑləˌfaɪd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ðət juz ðə klaʊd tɪ ədˈvæns ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌdɪˈskəvri. ðə əˈwɔrd ɪˈneɪbəld ðə ˈsɛnər fər ˈdætə saɪəns tim tɪ skeɪl əp ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ənd kriˈeɪt ə roʊˈbəst priˈdɪkʃən ˈɪnʤən ðət ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ə rɪsk ˈfæktər skɔr fər ˈpeɪʃənz æt ˈɛvəri steɪʤ əv ðɛr ˈhɑˌspɪtəl kɛr: post-admission*, pre-discharge*, ənd post-discharge*. ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm æt hɛlθ ɪˈneɪbəlz ðə kɛr ˈmænɪʤmənt tim tɪ vju ən ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈdæʃˌbɔrd ðət ʃoʊz patients’*’ rɪsks əv. ˈmɛdəsən ˌkɑrdiˈɑləʤi ɪz naʊ kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈsɛnər fər ˈdætə saɪəns tim tɪ ˈstədi ðə ˈɛfɪˌkæsi əv prɪˈdɪktɪv ˈmɑdəlz fər ˈɔgˌmɛntɪŋ kɛr ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ. grin, ˈdɛpjəti ˈmænəʤɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər, ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈrisərʧ wʊd, md*, ˈmɛdəsən ˌkɑrdiˈɑləʤi lərn mɔr

as federal authorities continue to investigate anthony sexually charged online chats with an underage girl, has learned that a grand jury could hear the case against the as soon as the end of the month. the fbi, the new york police department, and us attorneys in new york and north carolina opened investigations into conduct in late september, after reported that the former politician carried on a online relationship with a high school girl. weiner has already been hit with a federal subpoena for his cell phone, cnn reported last month. the feds are apparently looking to move quickly - a federal grand jury is expected to hear allegations against weiner in the next few weeks, sources tell. a federal grand jury is expected to hear allegations against disgraced anthony weiner in the next few weeks, sources tell the first reported on conversations with the girl (pictured), who he traded photos and sexy messages with for several months starting in january in the messages, which were obtained by the, weiner repeatedly complimented the girl's body, told her that she made him 'hard' the timing of the potential hearing - shortly before the us presidential election - could cause a political headache for hillary clinton, whose top aide is still officially married to weiner, 52. abedin announced in august that she was separating from weiner, after he was caught sending a suggestive photo of himself to another woman with his son in the background. abedin and weiner continue to share an apartment, and clinton's political opponents have sought to tie the presidential candidate to the former congressman. after reported on conversations with the girl, donald trump called on clinton to return any campaign donations from weiner. legal experts say there are several possible avenues prosecutors might pursue if they are looking to build a case against weiner under either new york state or federal laws. celebrity lawyer joe told that weiner could potentially face a of endangering the welfare of a child, which could carry up to a year in jail. hillary clinton's top aide, (pictured on october 15 with her son), is still officially married to weiner, 52 abedin announced in august that she was separating from weiner, though they continue to share an apartment 'all you really have to do is look at the messages there to substantiate 90 per cent of her story,' said. other legal experts said he could have violated federal laws against sending obscene materials to minors. weiner's conversations with the girl also drew criticism from new york governor andrew cuomo, who said during a press conference: 'if the reports are true, it's possibly criminal and it's sick.' the first reported on conversations with the girl, who he traded photos and sexy messages with for several months starting in january. in the messages, which were obtained by the, weiner repeatedly complimented the girl's body, told her that she made him 'hard', and invited her to chat with him on the application skype. one message said: 'i would bust that tight so hard and so often that you would leak and limp for a week.' weiner and the girl used several anonymous messaging apps, like the one pictured above, where every line of text - and the name - disappear after the message is opened. in one message he told he would 'bust that tight so hard' the message continues, and weiner says he would bust that tight so hard and so often that you would leak and limp for a week'. weiner began talking to the girl in january, after she him on twitter the girl told in an interview that she and weiner also spoke over skype, where the asked her to get undressed and masturbate in front of him weiner began talking to the girl in january, after she him on twitter. in the messages, the girl told weiner she was in high school and discussed her school activities and newly acquired permit. the girl told in an interview that she and weiner also spoke over skype, where the asked her to get undressed and masturbate in front of him and engage in 'roleplaying' scenarios. in a statement to, weiner said that he was sorry for having poor judgment with his online conversations and said he might have been the victim of a 'hoax' in this scenario. this is far from the first time weiner has been entangled in a sexting scandal. he resigned from congress in 2011 after he was caught sending photos of his crotch to a female college student, and admitted to sexting with several other women during his marriage. in 2013, he ran for new york city mayor, but his campaign tanked after it came out that he had been exchanging sexual messages with yet another college student. this past summer, announced that she was separating from weiner after the new york post reported that he had sent photos to another woman, including one that showed his son in the background.

ɛz ˈfɛdərəl əˈθɔrətiz kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ˈænθɔˌni ˈsɛkʃuəli ʧɑrʤd ˈɔnˌlaɪn ʧæts wɪθ ən ˈəndərɪʤ gərl, həz ˈlərnɪd ðət ə grænd ˈʤʊri kʊd hir ðə keɪs əˈgɛnst ðə ɛz sun ɛz ðə ɛnd əv ðə mənθ. ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ, ðə nu jɔrk pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ənd ˈjuˈɛs əˈtərniz ɪn nu jɔrk ənd nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˈoʊpənd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ˈɪntu ˈkɑndəkt ɪn leɪt sɛpˈtɛmbər, ˈæftər ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə ˈfɔrmər ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən ˈkɛrid ɔn ə ˈɔnˌlaɪn riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ə haɪ skul gərl. ˈwaɪnər həz ɔˈrɛdi bɪn hɪt wɪθ ə ˈfɛdərəl səˈpinə fər hɪz sɛl foʊn, ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˌriˈpɔrtəd læst mənθ. ðə fɛdz ər əˈpɛrəntli ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ muv kˈwɪkli ə ˈfɛdərəl grænd ˈʤʊri ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ hir ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈwaɪnər ɪn ðə nɛkst fju wiks, ˈsɔrsəz tɛl. ə ˈfɛdərəl grænd ˈʤʊri ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ hir ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst dɪsˈgreɪst ˈænθɔˌni ˈwaɪnər ɪn ðə nɛkst fju wiks, ˈsɔrsəz tɛl ðə fərst ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz wɪθ ðə gərl (ˈpɪkʧərd), hu hi ˈtreɪdɪd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd ˈsɛksi ˈmɛsɪʤɪz wɪθ fər ˈsɛvərəl mənθs ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri ɪn ðə ˈmɛsɪʤɪz, wɪʧ wər əbˈteɪnd baɪ ðə, ˈwaɪnər rɪˈpitɪdli ˈkɑmpləˌmɛntɪd ðə gərlz ˈbɑdi, toʊld hər ðət ʃi meɪd ɪm 'hɑrd' ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ əv ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈhirɪŋ ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən kʊd kɔz ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈhɛˌdeɪk fər ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən, huz tɔp eɪd ɪz stɪl əˈfɪʃəli ˈmɛrid tɪ ˈwaɪnər, 52 əˈnaʊnst ɪn ˈɔgəst ðət ʃi wɑz ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪŋ frəm ˈwaɪnər, ˈæftər hi wɑz kɔt ˈsɛndɪŋ ə səˈʤɛstɪv ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ əˈnəðər ˈwʊmən wɪθ hɪz sən ɪn ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd. ənd ˈwaɪnər kənˈtɪnju tɪ ʃɛr ən əˈpɑrtmənt, ənd ˈklɪntənz pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˈpoʊnənts hæv sɔt tɪ taɪ ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt tɪ ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈkɑŋgrəsmən. ˈæftər ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz wɪθ ðə gərl, ˈdɑnəld trəmp kɔld ɔn ˈklɪntən tɪ rɪˈtərn ˈɛni kæmˈpeɪn doʊˈneɪʃənz frəm ˈwaɪnər. ˈligəl ˈɛkspərts seɪ ðɛr ər ˈsɛvərəl ˈpɑsəbəl ˈævəˌnuz ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz maɪt pərˈsu ɪf ðeɪ ər ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ bɪld ə keɪs əˈgɛnst ˈwaɪnər ˈəndər ˈiðər nu jɔrk steɪt ər ˈfɛdərəl lɔz. səˈlɛbrɪti ˈlɔjər ʤoʊ toʊld ðət ˈwaɪnər kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli feɪs ə əv ɛnˈdeɪnʤərɪŋ ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr əv ə ʧaɪld, wɪʧ kʊd ˈkɛri əp tɪ ə jɪr ɪn ʤeɪl. ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntənz tɔp eɪd, (ˈpɪkʧərd ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 15 wɪθ hər sən), ɪz stɪl əˈfɪʃəli ˈmɛrid tɪ ˈwaɪnər, 52 əˈnaʊnst ɪn ˈɔgəst ðət ʃi wɑz ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪŋ frəm ˈwaɪnər, ðoʊ ðeɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ ʃɛr ən əˈpɑrtmənt 'ɔl ju ˈrɪli hæv tɪ du ɪz lʊk æt ðə ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ðɛr tɪ səbˈstænʧiˌeɪt 90 pər sɛnt əv hər ˈstɔri,' sɛd. ˈəðər ˈligəl ˈɛkspərts sɛd hi kʊd hæv ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ˈfɛdərəl lɔz əˈgɛnst ˈsɛndɪŋ əbˈsin məˈtɪriəlz tɪ ˈmaɪnərz. ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz wɪθ ðə gərl ˈɔlsoʊ dru ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm frəm nu jɔrk ˈgəvərnər ˈændru kˈwoʊmoʊ, hu sɛd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns: 'ɪf ðə rɪˈpɔrts ər tru, ɪts ˈpɑsəbli ˈkrɪmənəl ənd ɪts sɪk.' ðə fərst ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz wɪθ ðə gərl, hu hi ˈtreɪdɪd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd ˈsɛksi ˈmɛsɪʤɪz wɪθ fər ˈsɛvərəl mənθs ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ɪn ðə ˈmɛsɪʤɪz, wɪʧ wər əbˈteɪnd baɪ ðə, ˈwaɪnər rɪˈpitɪdli ˈkɑmpləˌmɛntɪd ðə gərlz ˈbɑdi, toʊld hər ðət ʃi meɪd ɪm 'hɑrd', ənd ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd hər tɪ ʧæt wɪθ ɪm ɔn ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən skaɪp. wən ˈmɛsɪʤ sɛd: 'aɪ wʊd bəst ðət taɪt soʊ hɑrd ənd soʊ ˈɔfən ðət ju wʊd lik ənd lɪmp fər ə wik.' ˈwaɪnər ənd ðə gərl juzd ˈsɛvərəl əˈnɑnəməs ˈmɛsɪʤɪŋ æps, laɪk ðə wən ˈpɪkʧərd əˈbəv, wɛr ˈɛvəri laɪn əv tɛkst ənd ðə neɪm ˌdɪsəˈpɪr ˈæftər ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ɪz ˈoʊpənd. ɪn wən ˈmɛsɪʤ hi toʊld hi wʊd 'bəst ðət taɪt soʊ hɑrd' ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ kənˈtɪnjuz, ənd ˈwaɪnər sɪz hi wʊd bəst ðət taɪt soʊ hɑrd ənd soʊ ˈɔfən ðət ju wʊd lik ənd lɪmp fər ə wik'. ˈwaɪnər bɪˈgæn ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ðə gərl ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, ˈæftər ʃi ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər ðə gərl toʊld ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju ðət ʃi ənd ˈwaɪnər ˈɔlsoʊ spoʊk ˈoʊvər skaɪp, wɛr ðə æst hər tɪ gɪt ənˈdrɛst ənd ˈmæstərˌbeɪt ɪn frənt əv ɪm ˈwaɪnər bɪˈgæn ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ðə gərl ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, ˈæftər ʃi ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər. ɪn ðə ˈmɛsɪʤɪz, ðə gərl toʊld ˈwaɪnər ʃi wɑz ɪn haɪ skul ənd dɪˈskəst hər skul ækˈtɪvɪtiz ənd ˈnuli əkˈwaɪərd ˈpərˌmɪt. ðə gərl toʊld ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju ðət ʃi ənd ˈwaɪnər ˈɔlsoʊ spoʊk ˈoʊvər skaɪp, wɛr ðə æst hər tɪ gɪt ənˈdrɛst ənd ˈmæstərˌbeɪt ɪn frənt əv ɪm ənd ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn 'ˈroʊlˌpleɪɪŋ' sɪˈnɛrioʊz. ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ, ˈwaɪnər sɛd ðət hi wɑz ˈsɑri fər ˈhævɪŋ pur ˈʤəʤmənt wɪθ hɪz ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz ənd sɛd hi maɪt hæv bɪn ðə ˈvɪktɪm əv ə 'hoʊks' ɪn ðɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ. ðɪs ɪz fɑr frəm ðə fərst taɪm ˈwaɪnər həz bɪn ɛnˈtæŋgəld ɪn ə ˈsɛkˌstɪŋ ˈskændəl. hi rɪˈzaɪnd frəm ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪn 2011 ˈæftər hi wɑz kɔt ˈsɛndɪŋ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv hɪz krɑʧ tɪ ə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənt, ənd ədˈmɪtəd tɪ ˈsɛkˌstɪŋ wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər ˈwɪmən ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈmɛrɪʤ. ɪn 2013 hi ræn fər nu jɔrk ˈsɪti meɪər, bət hɪz kæmˈpeɪn tæŋkt ˈæftər ɪt keɪm aʊt ðət hi hæd bɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈmɛsɪʤɪz wɪθ jɛt əˈnəðər ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənt. ðɪs pæst ˈsəmər, əˈnaʊnst ðət ʃi wɑz ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪŋ frəm ˈwaɪnər ˈæftər ðə nu jɔrk poʊst ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət hi hæd sɛnt ˈfoʊˌtoʊz tɪ əˈnəðər ˈwʊmən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wən ðət ʃoʊd hɪz sən ɪn ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd.

cyclist maimed in random shooting gets $15k in donations copyright by - all rights reserved alonso solis gets donation check at the mexican consulate. june 29, 2017 goard) [ + - ] video austin) -- the cyclist attacked on east riverside drive by a random passenger shooting out of a car received a large donation thursday from austin community members. these community members -- most of whom had never met alonso solis before -- came together to offer him care and financial support as he faces medical costs that seemed insurmountable. on june 7, solis was biking back from the store late at night when he was hit in the back, neck, head and face with pellets from a shotgun blast. police arrested merrick isaacks for shooting solis. a police affidavit showed that isaacks was looking to "blow off steam" and held an acquaintance who was driving a car at gunpoint. isaacks then fired out of his car window around austin. he is still being held in the travis county jail on two charges of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. his bond totals $250,000. after that incident, solis was unconscious for nearly two days, before waking up in the hospital. when visited with solis at his home weeks ago, he could barely sleep or eat because of his pain. he has to take several months off from his job laying carpet because he can no longer lift his arm due to his injuries. he does not speak english or have many friends in central texas; his wife and four children live in mexico. solis had no insurance and no idea how he would pay for all of the medications. that is, until people from all around austin stepped forward to help him. copyright by - all rights reserved alonso solis of austin was hit in the face while cycling by a shotgun blast from a random shooter. photo/ frank martinez. copyright by - all rights reserved alonso solis of austin was hit in the face while cycling by a shotgun blast from a random shooter. photo/ frank martinez. after's initial story, our station was overwhelmed with requests from people who'd watched our report and wanted to help. rich and anne barger of leander were two of those people. the two immediately set up a page for solis. "as we were just reading that story my wife and i said, 'hey we have to do something, no one has set up a,'" rich barger explained. barger got in touch with others who'd seen the story, including sasha knight of austin. "once i saw story that evening and of course being so heartbroken about it, i reached out to immediately afterward," knight said. "that's when i started thinking ok this is something we need to start." knight's friend, an immigration attorney, began communicating with solis about his limitations and medical needs. knight and the decided to set their fundraising goal to $25,000. as of thursday morning, the page has raised nearly $15,000 with almost 400 people donating. to keep the fundraising transparent, the people behind this have been working with the mexican consulate in austin to coordinate these donations. the consulate helped solis to set up a bank account where his donations will be sent to, knight explained that the first donation of $13,450 was transferred to him wednesday. solis was notified of this donation at a formal presentation at the mexican consulate on thursday. "i'd like to thank the people here for helping out very much, these people, even without knowing me, they've come forward to help out and again i want to thank you for what you have done," alonso said with the help of a translator. "we get together to recognize the compassion, the charity, the good character of people who helped one of our nationals, alonso solis," said consul general carlos gutiérrez. "people who, in the face of tragedy, have shown solidarity to another human being regardless of ethnic or national origin." "alonso didn't have his family here to support him and be with him," knight said. "this can show alonso how many people care about him and hope for a speedy recovery and some sense of healing." "hopefully this outpouring of love overshadows what was this really negative thing," rich barger said. "what happens if we all start to do these things a little more often? maybe that's altruistic, but that's kind of the heart behind everything we're doing here." barger explained that to meet solis' medical needs, they are looking to raise a total of $25,000. you can find the page here. the consulate tells that solis will need to have another surgery next tuesday to remove more of the pellets in his head. copyright by - all rights reserved alonso solis meets the family who organized the fundraiser for his medical expenses. photo/ alyssa goard.

ˈsaɪkəlɪst meɪmd ɪn ˈrændəm ˈʃutɪŋ gɪts ɪn doʊˈneɪʃənz ˈkɑpiˌraɪt baɪ ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd əˈlɑnsoʊ ˈsoʊlɪs gɪts doʊˈneɪʃən ʧɛk æt ðə ˈmɛksəkən ˈkɑnsələt. ʤun 29 2017 gɔrd) ˈvɪdioʊ ˈɔstən) ðə ˈsaɪkəlɪst əˈtækt ɔn ist ˈrɪvərˌsaɪd draɪv baɪ ə ˈrændəm ˈpæsənʤər ˈʃutɪŋ aʊt əv ə kɑr rɪˈsivd ə lɑrʤ doʊˈneɪʃən ˈθərzˌdeɪ frəm ˈɔstən kəmˈjunɪti ˈmɛmbərz. ðiz kəmˈjunɪti ˈmɛmbərz moʊst əv hum hæd ˈnɛvər mɛt əˈlɑnsoʊ ˈsoʊlɪs ˌbiˈfɔr keɪm təˈgɛðər tɪ ˈɔfər ɪm kɛr ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl səˈpɔrt ɛz hi ˈfeɪsɪz ˈmɛdɪkəl kɔsts ðət simd ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbəl. ɔn ʤun 7 ˈsoʊlɪs wɑz ˈbaɪkɪŋ bæk frəm ðə stɔr leɪt æt naɪt wɪn hi wɑz hɪt ɪn ðə bæk, nɛk, hɛd ənd feɪs wɪθ ˈpɛləts frəm ə ˈʃɑtˌgən blæst. pəˈlis ərˈɛstɪd ˈmɛrɪk ˈɪsɑks fər ˈʃutɪŋ ˈsoʊlɪs. ə pəˈlis ˌæfəˈdeɪvət ʃoʊd ðət ˈɪsɑks wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ "bloʊ ɔf stim" ənd hɛld ən əkˈweɪntəns hu wɑz ˈdraɪvɪŋ ə kɑr æt ˈgənˌpɔɪnt. ˈɪsɑks ðɛn faɪərd aʊt əv hɪz kɑr ˈwɪndoʊ əraʊnd ˈɔstən. hi ɪz stɪl biɪŋ hɛld ɪn ðə ˈtrævɪs ˈkaʊnti ʤeɪl ɔn tu ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ˈægrəˌveɪtɪd əˈsɔlt wɪθ ə ˈdɛdli ˈwɛpən. hɪz bɑnd ˈtoʊtəlz ˈæftər ðət ˈɪnsədənt, ˈsoʊlɪs wɑz ˌənˈkɑnʃəs fər ˈnɪrli tu deɪz, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈweɪkɪŋ əp ɪn ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. wɪn ˈvɪzɪtɪd wɪθ ˈsoʊlɪs æt hɪz hoʊm wiks əˈgoʊ, hi kʊd ˈbɛrli slip ər it bɪˈkəz əv hɪz peɪn. hi həz tɪ teɪk ˈsɛvərəl mənθs ɔf frəm hɪz ʤɑb leɪɪŋ ˈkɑrpət bɪˈkəz hi kən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər lɪft hɪz ɑrm du tɪ hɪz ˈɪnʤəriz. hi dɪz nɑt spik ˈɪŋlɪʃ ər hæv ˈmɛni frɛndz ɪn ˈsɛntrəl ˈtɛksəs; hɪz waɪf ənd fɔr ˈʧɪldrən lɪv ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ. ˈsoʊlɪs hæd noʊ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ənd noʊ aɪˈdiə haʊ hi wʊd peɪ fər ɔl əv ðə ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz. ðət ɪz, ənˈtɪl ˈpipəl frəm ɔl əraʊnd ˈɔstən stɛpt ˈfɔrwərd tɪ hɛlp ɪm. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt baɪ ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd əˈlɑnsoʊ ˈsoʊlɪs əv ˈɔstən wɑz hɪt ɪn ðə feɪs waɪl ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ baɪ ə ˈʃɑtˌgən blæst frəm ə ˈrændəm ˈʃutər. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ/ fræŋk mɑrˈtinɛz. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt baɪ ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd əˈlɑnsoʊ ˈsoʊlɪs əv ˈɔstən wɑz hɪt ɪn ðə feɪs waɪl ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ baɪ ə ˈʃɑtˌgən blæst frəm ə ˈrændəm ˈʃutər. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ/ fræŋk mɑrˈtinɛz. ˈæftər ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈstɔri, ɑr ˈsteɪʃən wɑz ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmd wɪθ rɪkˈwɛsts frəm ˈpipəl hud wɔʧt ɑr rɪˈpɔrt ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ hɛlp. rɪʧ ənd æn ˈbɑrʤər əv liˈændər wər tu əv ðoʊz ˈpipəl. ðə tu ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli sɛt əp ə peɪʤ fər ˈsoʊlɪs. "ɛz wi wər ʤɪst ˈrɛdɪŋ ðət ˈstɔri maɪ waɪf ənd aɪ sɛd, 'heɪ wi hæv tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ, noʊ wən həz sɛt əp ə,'" rɪʧ ˈbɑrʤər ɪkˈspleɪnd. ˈbɑrʤər gɑt ɪn təʧ wɪθ ˈəðərz hud sin ðə ˈstɔri, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsæʃə naɪt əv ˈɔstən. "wəns aɪ sɔ ˈstɔri ðət ˈivnɪŋ ənd əv kɔrs biɪŋ soʊ ˈhɑrtˌbroʊkən əˈbaʊt ɪt, aɪ riʧt aʊt tɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈæftərwərd," naɪt sɛd. "ðæts wɪn aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ˈoʊˈkeɪ ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ wi nid tɪ stɑrt." naɪts frɛnd, ən ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən əˈtərni, bɪˈgæn kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ˈsoʊlɪs əˈbaʊt hɪz ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl nidz. naɪt ənd ðə ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ sɛt ðɛr ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ goʊl tɪ ɛz əv ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ðə peɪʤ həz reɪzd ˈnɪrli wɪθ ˈɔlˌmoʊst 400 ˈpipəl ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪŋ. tɪ kip ðə ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ trænˈspɛrənt, ðə ˈpipəl bɪˈhaɪnd ðɪs hæv bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈmɛksəkən ˈkɑnsələt ɪn ˈɔstən tɪ koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ðiz doʊˈneɪʃənz. ðə ˈkɑnsələt hɛlpt ˈsoʊlɪs tɪ sɛt əp ə bæŋk əˈkaʊnt wɛr hɪz doʊˈneɪʃənz wɪl bi sɛnt tɪ, naɪt ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ðə fərst doʊˈneɪʃən əv wɑz ˈtrænsfərd tɪ ɪm ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. ˈsoʊlɪs wɑz ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd əv ðɪs doʊˈneɪʃən æt ə ˈfɔrməl ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən æt ðə ˈmɛksəkən ˈkɑnsələt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. "aɪd laɪk tɪ θæŋk ðə ˈpipəl hir fər ˈhɛlpɪŋ aʊt ˈvɛri məʧ, ðiz ˈpipəl, ˈivɪn wɪˈθaʊt noʊɪŋ mi, ðeɪv kəm ˈfɔrwərd tɪ hɛlp aʊt ənd əˈgɛn aɪ wɔnt tɪ θæŋk ju fər wət ju hæv dən," əˈlɑnsoʊ sɛd wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ə trænzˈleɪtər. "wi gɪt təˈgɛðər tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə kəmˈpæʃən, ðə ˈʧɛrɪti, ðə gʊd ˈkɛrɪktər əv ˈpipəl hu hɛlpt wən əv ɑr ˈnæʃənəlz, əˈlɑnsoʊ ˈsoʊlɪs," sɛd ˈkɑnsəl ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkɑrloʊs gutiérrez*. "ˈpipəl hu, ɪn ðə feɪs əv ˈtræʤədi, hæv ʃoʊn ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti tɪ əˈnəðər ˈjumən biɪŋ rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈɛθnɪk ər ˈnæʃənəl ˈɔrəʤən." "əˈlɑnsoʊ ˈdɪdənt hæv hɪz ˈfæməli hir tɪ səˈpɔrt ɪm ənd bi wɪθ ɪm," naɪt sɛd. "ðɪs kən ʃoʊ əˈlɑnsoʊ haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl kɛr əˈbaʊt ɪm ənd hoʊp fər ə ˈspiˌdi rɪˈkəvəri ənd səm sɛns əv ˈhilɪŋ." "ˈhoʊpfəli ðɪs ˌaʊtˈpɔrɪŋ əv ləv ˈoʊvərˈʃædoʊz wət wɑz ðɪs ˈrɪli ˈnɛgətɪv θɪŋ," rɪʧ ˈbɑrʤər sɛd. "wət ˈhæpənz ɪf wi ɔl stɑrt tɪ du ðiz θɪŋz ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈɔfən? ˈmeɪbi ðæts ˌɔltruˈɪstɪk, bət ðæts kaɪnd əv ðə hɑrt bɪˈhaɪnd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ wɪr duɪŋ hir." ˈbɑrʤər ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət tɪ mit ˈsoʊlɪs' ˈmɛdɪkəl nidz, ðeɪ ər ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ reɪz ə ˈtoʊtəl əv ju kən faɪnd ðə peɪʤ hir. ðə ˈkɑnsələt tɛlz ðət ˈsoʊlɪs wɪl nid tɪ hæv əˈnəðər ˈsərʤəri nɛkst ˈtuzˌdeɪ tɪ riˈmuv mɔr əv ðə ˈpɛləts ɪn hɪz hɛd. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt baɪ ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd əˈlɑnsoʊ ˈsoʊlɪs mits ðə ˈfæməli hu ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ðə ˈfənˌdreɪzər fər hɪz ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪkˈspɛnsɪz. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ/ əˈlɪsə gɔrd.

the story of professional poker star mike “the mouth” is in development as a by 1984 professional defense contractors. 1984’s shankar and spencer are producing along with david uslan. the project is based on’s 2009 autobiography “check-raising the devil.” matusow’s story details his bouts with drugs, depression, promiscuous sex, jail, and suicidal depression along with his success as a world series of poker bracelet winner and winning the 2005 world series of poker tournament of champions. his nickname comes from his affinity for other players during poker games. 1984 has also acquired the rights to the 2003 novel “money to burn: the ultimate bank heist thriller,” by writer and current u.s. district court judge james b. zagel. the novel centers around a judge robbing the federal reserve bank in chicago of $100 million in used money that is about to be destroyed. 1984’s credits includes “the voices,” starring ryan reynolds, gemma and anna kendrick; joe “the grey,” starring liam neeson; and “killing them softly,” starring brad pitt.

ðə ˈstɔri əv prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈpoʊkər stɑr maɪk mouth”*” ɪz ɪn dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɛz ə baɪ 1984 prəˈfɛʃənəl dɪˈfɛns ˈkɑnˌtræktərz. ˈʃæŋkɑr ənd ˈspɛnsər ər prəˈdusɪŋ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈdeɪvɪd uslan*. ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪz beɪst ɔn 2009 ˌɔtəbaɪˈɑgrəfi ðə devil.”*.” ˈstɔri ˈditeɪlz hɪz baʊts wɪθ drəgz, dɪˈprɛʃən, ˈproʊmɪskwəs sɛks, ʤeɪl, ənd ˌsuəˈsaɪdəl dɪˈprɛʃən əˈlɔŋ wɪθ hɪz səkˈsɛs ɛz ə wərld ˈsɪriz əv ˈpoʊkər ˈbreɪslət ˈwɪnər ənd ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə 2005 wərld ˈsɪriz əv ˈpoʊkər ˈtʊrnəmənt əv ˈʧæmpiənz. hɪz ˈnɪkˌneɪm kəmz frəm hɪz əˈfɪnɪti fər ˈəðər pleɪərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈpoʊkər geɪmz. 1984 həz ˈɔlsoʊ əkˈwaɪərd ðə raɪts tɪ ðə 2003 ˈnɑvəl tɪ bərn: ðə ˈəltəmət bæŋk haɪst thriller,”*,” baɪ ˈraɪtər ənd ˈkɑrənt juz. ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt ʤəʤ ʤeɪmz bi. ˈzeɪgəl. ðə ˈnɑvəl ˈsɛnərz əraʊnd ə ʤəʤ ˈrɑbɪŋ ðə ˈfɛdərəl rɪˈzərv bæŋk ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ əv 100 ˈmɪljən ɪn juzd ˈməni ðət ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ bi dɪˈstrɔɪd. ˈkrɛdɪts ˌɪnˈkludz voices,”*,” ˈstɑrɪŋ raɪən ˈrɛnəldz, ˈʤɛmə ənd ˈænə ˈkɛndrɪk; ʤoʊ grey,”*,” ˈstɑrɪŋ ˈliəm ˈnisən; ənd ðɛm softly,”*,” ˈstɑrɪŋ bræd pɪt.

johnson did what he clearly had to do after perhaps the most epic collapse in the jets’ history. but the uninspiring news conference by johnson and general manager mike tannenbaum, who seemed to lack detail or conviction about why they fired mangini and what they wanted in the next coach, certainly did not instill confidence that the jets were now headed in the right direction. if nothing else, it suggested that bill belichick, mocked when he bolted the jets just as he was about to become their coach, might be even smarter than previously thought. still, at least johnson took some action. jones, incredibly, is sticking to his guns. after his team failed to show up with so much on the line sunday, he reiterated that phillips would be back, saying that continuity was the best way to fulfill the potential. that point will be debated from now until the cowboys go to training camp they want continuity from this season? but phillips was one of the lucky ones on the darkest day of every season for coaches. he learned his fate quickly, as did mangini and lions coach rod marinelli, who was dismissed early monday. (mike singletary, the coach of the san francisco 49ers, was given a contract extension sunday.) consider cleveland coach romeo. general manager phil savage was fired right after the browns lost to the steelers on sunday afternoon. did not get word of his dismissal until monday morning, spending one final sleepless night with the browns. worse, it appears bill cowher, prime target, is not interested in the job. newsletter sign up continue reading the main story please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. invalid email address. please re-enter. you must select a newsletter to subscribe to. sign up you will receive emails containing news content , updates and promotions from the new york times. you may at any time. you agree to receive occasional updates and special offers for the new york times's products and services. thank you for subscribing. an error has occurred. please try again later. view all new york times newsletters. in kansas city, herm wait for a resolution must feel interminable. carl peterson is already gone and the search is on for a new general manager, who will almost certainly want input on who should be the coach. but with no hire on the horizon, edwards is in the agonizing position of beginning preparations with no assurance he will be part of the team much longer. the st. louis rams have started their coaching search and jim haslett is among the candidates, reportedly even getting a letter of support from his players. but the somnolent finish after winning two games when haslett first took over from scott linehan cannot help, and so haslett will join the rest of the state of missouri in the waiting game. tom cable might have gotten the raiders to beat just enough teams, and just enough of the ones al davis hates (denver and tampa bay, with jon gruden) to hold on to the job. hanging over all this carnage are the golden boys of the hiring season: cowher and new vice president for player personnel, scott pioli. everybody wants them. nobody knows if they will leave their current jobs, but one thing is certain: they will get a vote of confidence, no matter where they land. advertisement continue reading the main story playing to the end last year the giants charmed the n.f.l. by playing all-out in their meaningless finale against the patriots. the giants, with their starters playing the whole game, gave the patriots a scare on the way to a perfect regular season, and they gave themselves a shot in the arm that energized them throughout their playoff run. it was a monument to pure competition and a lesson in how to build momentum. but on sunday the n.f.l. saw the frightening flip side of that decision. the steelers played their starters in the meaningless finale against the browns. and near the end of the first half quarterback ben was slammed to the ground. he spent at least 10 minutes there, before being removed on a back board with a concussion. the steelers have a bye in the first round and coach mike tomlin did not want his starters to get rusty, so he played all but two of them (both were injured). but has been banged up much of the season, and now the steelers will spend the bye week sweating out the concussion. fans have seen what happens when teams rest their starters too long before the playoffs, only to be unable to regain their rhythm when the action starts again. it happened to the colts in years past (on sunday peyton manning played one series in a meaningless game against the titans) but now fans are seeing what drives such caution. still, with the initial prognosis that will be available for the playoffs, tomlin was satisfied with the dominating victory over the browns. “it was a productive effort,” he said.

ˈʤɑnsən dɪd wət hi ˈklɪrli hæd tɪ du ˈæftər pərˈhæps ðə moʊst ˈɛpɪk kəˈlæps ɪn ðə jets’*’ ˈhɪstəri. bət ðə ənɪnˈspaɪrɪŋ nuz ˈkɑnfərəns baɪ ˈʤɑnsən ənd ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər maɪk ˈtænənˌbaʊm, hu simd tɪ læk ˈditeɪl ər kənˈvɪkʃən əˈbaʊt waɪ ðeɪ faɪərd mɑŋˈgini ənd wət ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd ɪn ðə nɛkst koʊʧ, ˈsərtənli dɪd nɑt ˌɪnˈstɪl ˈkɑnfədɛns ðət ðə ʤɛts wər naʊ ˈhɛdɪd ɪn ðə raɪt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. ɪf ˈnəθɪŋ ɛls, ɪt səˈʤɛstɪd ðət bɪl belichick*, mɑkt wɪn hi ˈboʊltɪd ðə ʤɛts ʤɪst ɛz hi wɑz əˈbaʊt tɪ bɪˈkəm ðɛr koʊʧ, maɪt bi ˈivɪn sˈmɑrtər ðən ˈpriviəsli θɔt. stɪl, æt list ˈʤɑnsən tʊk səm ˈækʃən. ʤoʊnz, ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli, ɪz ˈstɪkɪŋ tɪ hɪz gənz. ˈæftər hɪz tim feɪld tɪ ʃoʊ əp wɪθ soʊ məʧ ɔn ðə laɪn ˈsənˌdi, hi riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪd ðət ˈfɪlɪps wʊd bi bæk, seɪɪŋ ðət ˌkɑntəˈnuəti wɑz ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ fʊlˈfɪl ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl. ðət pɔɪnt wɪl bi dəˈbeɪtɪd frəm naʊ ənˈtɪl ðə ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz goʊ tɪ ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmp ðeɪ wɔnt ˌkɑntəˈnuəti frəm ðɪs ˈsizən? bət ˈfɪlɪps wɑz wən əv ðə ˈləki wənz ɔn ðə ˈdɑrkəst deɪ əv ˈɛvəri ˈsizən fər ˈkoʊʧɪz. hi ˈlərnɪd hɪz feɪt kˈwɪkli, ɛz dɪd mɑŋˈgini ənd laɪənz koʊʧ rɑd mɑrɪˈnɛli, hu wɑz dɪsˈmɪst ˈərli ˈmənˌdeɪ. (maɪk ˈsɪŋgəltɛri, ðə koʊʧ əv ðə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ 49ers*, wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˈsənˌdi.) kənˈsɪdər ˈklivlənd koʊʧ ˈroʊmiˌoʊ. ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər fɪl ˈsævɪʤ wɑz faɪərd raɪt ˈæftər ðə braʊnz lɔst tɪ ðə ˈstilərz ɔn ˈsənˌdi ˌæftərˈnun. dɪd nɑt gɪt wərd əv hɪz dɪsˈmɪsəl ənˈtɪl ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ˈspɛndɪŋ wən ˈfaɪnəl sˈlipləs naɪt wɪθ ðə braʊnz. wərs, ɪt əˈpɪrz bɪl ˈkɑwər, praɪm ˈtərgət, ɪz nɑt ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðə ʤɑb. ˈnuzˌlɛtər saɪn əp kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri pliz ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ jʊr nɑt ə ˈroʊˌbət baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ ðə bɑks. ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs. pliz re-enter*. ju məst səˈlɛkt ə ˈnuzˌlɛtər tɪ səbˈskraɪb tɪ. saɪn əp ju wɪl rɪˈsiv iˈmeɪlz kənˈteɪnɪŋ nuz ˈkɑntɛnt ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd pərˈmoʊʃənz frəm ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz. ju meɪ æt ˈɛni taɪm. ju əˈgri tɪ rɪˈsiv ɔˈkeɪʒənəl ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd ˈspɛʃəl ˈɔfərz fər ðə nu jɔrk ˈtaɪmzɪz ˈprɑdəkts ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz. θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ. ən ˈɛrər həz əˈkərd. pliz traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər. vju ɔl nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈnuzˌlɛtərz. ɪn ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti, hərm weɪt fər ə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən məst fil ˌɪnˈtərmənəbəl. kɑrl ˈpitərsən ɪz ɔˈrɛdi gɔn ənd ðə sərʧ ɪz ɔn fər ə nu ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər, hu wɪl ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli wɔnt ˈɪnˌpʊt ɔn hu ʃʊd bi ðə koʊʧ. bət wɪθ noʊ haɪər ɔn ðə hərˈaɪzən, ˈɛdwərdz ɪz ɪn ðə ˈægənaɪzɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən əv bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃənz wɪθ noʊ əˈʃʊrəns hi wɪl bi pɑrt əv ðə tim məʧ ˈlɔŋgər. ðə st*. luɪs ræmz hæv ˈstɑrtɪd ðɛr ˈkoʊʧɪŋ sərʧ ənd ʤɪm ˈhæslɪt ɪz əˈməŋ ðə ˈkænədɪts, rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈivɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ ə ˈlɛtər əv səˈpɔrt frəm hɪz pleɪərz. bət ðə ˈsɑmnələnt ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈæftər ˈwɪnɪŋ tu geɪmz wɪn ˈhæslɪt fərst tʊk ˈoʊvər frəm skɑt ˈlɪnɪhæn ˈkænɑt hɛlp, ənd soʊ ˈhæslɪt wɪl ʤɔɪn ðə rɛst əv ðə steɪt əv məˈzʊri ɪn ðə ˈweɪtɪŋ geɪm. tɑm ˈkeɪbəl maɪt hæv ˈgɔtən ðə ˈreɪdərz tɪ bit ʤɪst ɪˈnəf timz, ənd ʤɪst ɪˈnəf əv ðə wənz æl ˈdeɪvɪs heɪts (ˈdɛnvər ənd ˈtæmpə beɪ, wɪθ ʤɑn gruden*) tɪ hoʊld ɔn tɪ ðə ʤɑb. ˈhæŋɪŋ ˈoʊvər ɔl ðɪs ˈkɑrnɪʤ ər ðə ˈgoʊldən bɔɪz əv ðə ˈhaɪrɪŋ ˈsizən: ˈkɑwər ənd nu vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt fər pleɪər ˌpərsəˈnɛl, skɑt pioli*. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi wɔnts ðɛm. ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi noʊz ɪf ðeɪ wɪl liv ðɛr ˈkɑrənt ʤɑbz, bət wən θɪŋ ɪz ˈsərtən: ðeɪ wɪl gɪt ə voʊt əv ˈkɑnfədɛns, noʊ ˈmætər wɛr ðeɪ lænd. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri pleɪɪŋ tɪ ðə ɛnd læst jɪr ðə ʤaɪənts ʧɑrmd ðə n.f.l*. baɪ pleɪɪŋ ˈɔˈlaʊt ɪn ðɛr ˈminɪŋləs fəˈnæli əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpeɪtriəts. ðə ʤaɪənts, wɪθ ðɛr ˈstɑrtərz pleɪɪŋ ðə hoʊl geɪm, geɪv ðə ˈpeɪtriəts ə skɛr ɔn ðə weɪ tɪ ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən, ənd ðeɪ geɪv ðɛmˈsɛlvz ə ʃɑt ɪn ðə ɑrm ðət ˈɛnərˌʤaɪzd ðɛm θruaʊt ðɛr pleɪɔf rən. ɪt wɑz ə ˈmɑnjəmənt tɪ pjʊr ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ənd ə ˈlɛsən ɪn haʊ tɪ bɪld moʊˈmɛntəm. bət ɔn ˈsənˌdi ðə n.f.l*. sɔ ðə ˈfraɪtənɪŋ flɪp saɪd əv ðət dɪˈsɪʒən. ðə ˈstilərz pleɪd ðɛr ˈstɑrtərz ɪn ðə ˈminɪŋləs fəˈnæli əˈgɛnst ðə braʊnz. ənd nɪr ðə ɛnd əv ðə fərst hæf kˈwɔrtərˌbæk bɛn wɑz slæmd tɪ ðə graʊnd. hi spɛnt æt list 10 ˈmɪnəts ðɛr, ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ riˈmuvd ɔn ə bæk bɔrd wɪθ ə kənˈkəʃən. ðə ˈstilərz hæv ə baɪ ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd ənd koʊʧ maɪk ˈtɑmlɪn dɪd nɑt wɔnt hɪz ˈstɑrtərz tɪ gɪt ˈrəsti, soʊ hi pleɪd ɔl bət tu əv ðɛm (boʊθ wər ˈɪnʤərd). bət həz bɪn bæŋd əp məʧ əv ðə ˈsizən, ənd naʊ ðə ˈstilərz wɪl spɛnd ðə baɪ wik sˈwɛtɪŋ aʊt ðə kənˈkəʃən. fænz hæv sin wət ˈhæpənz wɪn timz rɛst ðɛr ˈstɑrtərz tu lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə pleɪɔfs, ˈoʊnli tɪ bi əˈneɪbəl tɪ rɪˈgeɪn ðɛr ˈrɪðəm wɪn ðə ˈækʃən stɑrts əˈgɛn. ɪt ˈhæpənd tɪ ðə koʊlts ɪn jɪrz pæst (ɔn ˈsənˌdi ˈpeɪtən ˈmænɪŋ pleɪd wən ˈsɪriz ɪn ə ˈminɪŋləs geɪm əˈgɛnst ðə ˈtaɪtənz) bət naʊ fænz ər siɪŋ wət draɪvz səʧ ˈkɔʃən. stɪl, wɪθ ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl prɑgˈnoʊsəs ðət wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl fər ðə pleɪɔfs, ˈtɑmlɪn wɑz ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd wɪθ ðə ˈdɑməˌneɪtɪŋ ˈvɪktəri ˈoʊvər ðə braʊnz. wɑz ə pərˈdəktɪv effort,”*,” hi sɛd.

ctv british columbia a vancouver woman is selling her used volkswagen in exchange for the trendy new online currency known as. sarah yu is making headlines for listing her white 2006 jetta for just eight. that may not sound like a lot, but with one currently valued at $932, the asking price amounts to nearly $7,500. but why not just ask for cash? “i believe in, i really do,” the told news. “i think that cash is on its way out, cash is very devalued and is the future.” the is an electronic way for people to pay each other or retailers for goods and services either over the internet or a mobile network. bitcoins can be bought in a number of places a special atm opened up at waves coffee shop in vancouver in late october and through online and meetups. yu said she considers an investment, despite the currency seeing high volatility over the last few months. in late october, one was worth more than $200. one month later it skyrocketed to $1,200, then plummeted back down to $500 in december before rising back up to $932 per. “it does have a reputation for being volatile, but not worried at all. for me a long-term strategy,” she said. “i’m not looking to buy some and sell it at a not like the stock market. another form of currency to me.” bitcoin expert graham williams said more and more people are getting into using as the number of retailers who accept the online currency rises. according to williams, everywhere from pizza to shoe retailers to online gambling sites are beginning to accept. “i think we will start to see people sell houses for,” he said. “it has intrinsic value to it, so seeing people who actually make transactions for items not surprising at all.” but williams consider the currency to be mainstream yet saying it must overcome a number of hurdles before that happens. because backed by a mint, transactions are not subject to the same regulations as other currencies. while every single transaction made using is posted publicly, the identity of the user remains anonymous -- making it hard to track perpetrators in the case of theft. the online drug market silk road was an early driver in’s growth, taking advantage of the ability to provide anonymity to users. “i think that overcoming that stigma is going to be one of the main challenges for,” williams said. “i think going to see it stabilize as more ways for people to use come the meantime it will be a little bit volatile, but i mean, even the dollar is volatile.” according to williams, onlys will ever be available. despite the risks, yu said sticking to her asking price and hopes get a buyer soon. “it’s here to stay, so just a matter of time before everyone else jumps on board.” with a report from british shannon paterson

ctv* ˈbrɪtɪʃ kəˈləmbiə ə vænˈkuvər ˈwʊmən ɪz ˈsɛlɪŋ hər juzd ˈvoʊlksˌwægən ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər ðə ˈtrɛndi nu ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈkərənsi noʊn ɛz. ˈsɛrə ju ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz fər ˈlɪstɪŋ hər waɪt 2006 ˈʤɛtə fər ʤɪst eɪt. ðət meɪ nɑt saʊnd laɪk ə lɔt, bət wɪθ wən ˈkərəntli ˈvæljud æt 932 ðə ˈæskɪŋ praɪs əˈmaʊnts tɪ ˈnɪrli bət waɪ nɑt ʤɪst æsk fər kæʃ? bɪˈliv ɪn, aɪ ˈrɪli do,”*,” ðə toʊld nuz. θɪŋk ðət kæʃ ɪz ɔn ɪts weɪ aʊt, kæʃ ɪz ˈvɛri dɪˈvæˌljud ənd ɪz ðə future.”*.” ðə ɪz ən ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk weɪ fər ˈpipəl tɪ peɪ iʧ ˈəðər ər ˈriˌteɪlərz fər gʊdz ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈiðər ˈoʊvər ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ər ə ˈmoʊbəl ˈnɛtˌwərk. kən bi bɔt ɪn ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpleɪsɪz ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈeɪˌtiˈɛm ˈoʊpənd əp æt weɪvz ˈkɔfi ʃɑp ɪn vænˈkuvər ɪn leɪt ɑkˈtoʊbər ənd θru ˈɔnˌlaɪn ənd meetups*. ju sɛd ʃi kənˈsɪdərz ən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈkərənsi siɪŋ haɪ ˌvɑləˈtɪləti ˈoʊvər ðə læst fju mənθs. ɪn leɪt ɑkˈtoʊbər, wən wɑz wərθ mɔr ðən 200 wən mənθ ˈleɪtər ɪt ˈskaɪˌrɑkətɪd tɪ ðɛn ˈpləmətɪd bæk daʊn tɪ 500 ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər ˌbiˈfɔr ˈraɪzɪŋ bæk əp tɪ 932 pər. dɪz hæv ə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən fər biɪŋ ˈvɑlətəl, bət nɑt ˈwərid æt ɔl. fər mi ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm strategy,”*,” ʃi sɛd. nɑt ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ baɪ səm ənd sɛl ɪt æt ə nɑt laɪk ðə stɑk ˈmɑrkɪt. əˈnəðər fɔrm əv ˈkərənsi tɪ me.”*.” ˈɛkspərt græm ˈwɪljəmz sɛd mɔr ənd mɔr ˈpipəl ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈjuzɪŋ ɛz ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈriˌteɪlərz hu əkˈsɛpt ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈkərənsi ˈraɪzɪz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈwɪljəmz, ˈɛvriˌwɛr frəm ˈpitsə tɪ ʃu ˈriˌteɪlərz tɪ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈgæmbəlɪŋ saɪts ər bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ əkˈsɛpt. θɪŋk wi wɪl stɑrt tɪ si ˈpipəl sɛl ˈhaʊsɪz fər bitcoin,”*,” hi sɛd. həz ˌɪnˈtrɪnsɪk ˈvælju tɪ ɪt, soʊ siɪŋ ˈpipəl hu ˈæˌkʧuəli meɪk trænˈzækʃənz fər ˈaɪtəmz nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋ æt all.”*.” bət ˈwɪljəmz kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈkərənsi tɪ bi ˈmeɪnˌstrim jɛt seɪɪŋ ɪt məst ˈoʊvərˌkəm ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈhərdəlz ˌbiˈfɔr ðət ˈhæpənz. bɪˈkəz bækt baɪ ə mɪnt, trænˈzækʃənz ər nɑt ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə seɪm ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ɛz ˈəðər ˈkərənsiz. waɪl ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl trænˈzækʃən meɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ɪz ˈpoʊstɪd ˈpəblɪkli, ðə aɪˈdɛntəˌti əv ðə ˈjuzər rɪˈmeɪnz əˈnɑnəməs ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt hɑrd tɪ træk ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz ɪn ðə keɪs əv θɛft. ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn drəg ˈmɑrkɪt sɪlk roʊd wɑz ən ˈərli ˈdraɪvər ɪn groʊθ, ˈteɪkɪŋ ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌænəˈnɪmɪti tɪ ˈjuzərz. θɪŋk ðət ˈoʊvərˌkəmɪŋ ðət ˈstɪgmə ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi wən əv ðə meɪn ˈʧælənʤɪz fər bitcoin,”*,” ˈwɪljəmz sɛd. θɪŋk goʊɪŋ tɪ si ɪt ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz ɛz mɔr weɪz fər ˈpipəl tɪ juz kəm ðə ˈminˌtaɪm ɪt wɪl bi ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt ˈvɑlətəl, bət aɪ min, ˈivɪn ðə ˈdɔlər ɪz volatile.”*.” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈwɪljəmz, ˈoʊnli wɪl ˈɛvər bi əˈveɪləbəl. dɪˈspaɪt ðə rɪsks, ju sɛd ˈstɪkɪŋ tɪ hər ˈæskɪŋ praɪs ənd hoʊps gɪt ə baɪər sun. hir tɪ steɪ, soʊ ʤɪst ə ˈmætər əv taɪm ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls ʤəmps ɔn board.”*.” wɪθ ə rɪˈpɔrt frəm ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈʃænən ˈpætərsən

barcelona football star lionel last night wrote his way into the history books after up the guinness world records title for the most goals in a calendar year by netting his goal of 2012. the argentine edged past gerd record of 85 - set in 1972 - to set a new benchmark, which includes goals for club and country. messi clinched the record after hitting the target twice in win over real on sunday. the world player of the year drilled in an angled shot after 16 minutes to equal the german's record before adding a second with a shot driven low in the minute to set the new mark. video speaking after the match, told spanish tv station canal plus: "i always say the same, it's nice for what it means but the victory is more important as it maintains our lead over the other teams". mueller, who netted 72 for munich and 13 for west germany when he set the previous benchmark in 1972 and was 27 at the time, was among the first to congratulate, telling sport1.de: "my record stood for 40 years - 85 goals in 60 games - and now the best player in the world has broken it, and i'm delighted for him. "he is an incredible player, gigantic." messi's attempt to break the record looked uncertain after he was off during champions league draw with on wednesday with a knee injury. however, despite admitting he thought he had kicked his last ball "for a long time because of the pain", the injury to his left knee was eventually found not to be as bad as initially feared, allowing him to start against. messi's path to the record has included 74 goals for barcelona and 12 for argentina in 66 games. he could still add to his final tally, with the striker set to feature in two league matches and one king's cup tie before the end of the year. nicknamed "the flea" for his small frame, passed cesar rodriguez's milestone of 232 goals to become barcelona all-time leading scorer. messi's goal tally january 7 february 10 march 13 april 9 may 8 june 4 july 0 august 7 september 5 october 10 november 9 december 4 messi's goal breakdown barcelona copa del rey: 3 primera division: 56 champions league: 13 spanish super cup: 2 club total: 74 argentina world cup qualifiers: 5 friendlies: 7 country total: 12 overall total: 86

ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ˈfʊtˌbɔl stɑr ˈlaɪənəl læst naɪt roʊt hɪz weɪ ˈɪntu ðə ˈhɪstəri bʊks ˈæftər əp ðə ˈgɪnəs wərld ˈrɛkərdz ˈtaɪtəl fər ðə moʊst goʊlz ɪn ə ˈkæləndər jɪr baɪ ˈnɛtɪŋ hɪz goʊl əv 2012 ðə ˈɑrʤənˌtin ɛʤd pæst gərd ˈrɛkərd əv 85 sɛt ɪn 1972 tɪ sɛt ə nu ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz goʊlz fər kləb ənd ˈkəntri. klɪnʧt ðə ˈrɛkərd ˈæftər ˈhɪtɪŋ ðə ˈtərgət twaɪs ɪn wɪn ˈoʊvər ril ɔn ˈsənˌdi. ðə wərld pleɪər əv ðə jɪr drɪld ɪn ən ˈæŋgəld ʃɑt ˈæftər 16 ˈmɪnəts tɪ ˈikwəl ðə ˈʤərmənz ˈrɛkərd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈædɪŋ ə ˈsɛkənd wɪθ ə ʃɑt ˈdrɪvən loʊ ɪn ðə ˈmɪnət tɪ sɛt ðə nu mɑrk. ˈvɪdioʊ ˈspikɪŋ ˈæftər ðə mæʧ, toʊld ˈspænɪʃ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsteɪʃən kəˈnæl pləs: "aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz seɪ ðə seɪm, ɪts nis fər wət ɪt minz bət ðə ˈvɪktəri ɪz mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɛz ɪt meɪnˈteɪnz ɑr lɛd ˈoʊvər ðə ˈəðər timz". mˈjulər, hu ˈnɛtɪd 72 fər mˈjunɪk ənd 13 fər wɛst ˈʤərməni wɪn hi sɛt ðə ˈpriviəs ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk ɪn 1972 ənd wɑz 27 æt ðə taɪm, wɑz əˈməŋ ðə fərst tɪ kənˈgræʧəˌleɪt, ˈtɛlɪŋ sport1.de*: "maɪ ˈrɛkərd stʊd fər 40 jɪrz 85 goʊlz ɪn 60 geɪmz ənd naʊ ðə bɛst pleɪər ɪn ðə wərld həz ˈbroʊkən ɪt, ənd əm dɪˈlaɪtɪd fər ɪm. "hi ɪz ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl pleɪər, ʤaɪˈgænɪk." əˈtɛmpt tɪ breɪk ðə ˈrɛkərd lʊkt ənˈsərtən ˈæftər hi wɑz ɔf ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈʧæmpiənz lig drɔ wɪθ ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ wɪθ ə ni ˈɪnʤəri. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, dɪˈspaɪt ədˈmɪtɪŋ hi θɔt hi hæd kɪkt hɪz læst bɔl "fər ə lɔŋ taɪm bɪˈkəz əv ðə peɪn", ðə ˈɪnʤəri tɪ hɪz lɛft ni wɑz ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli faʊnd nɑt tɪ bi ɛz bæd ɛz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli fɪrd, əˈlaʊɪŋ ɪm tɪ stɑrt əˈgɛnst. pæθ tɪ ðə ˈrɛkərd həz ˌɪnˈkludɪd 74 goʊlz fər ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ənd 12 fər ˌɑrʤənˈtinə ɪn 66 geɪmz. hi kʊd stɪl æd tɪ hɪz ˈfaɪnəl ˈtæli, wɪθ ðə ˈstraɪkər sɛt tɪ ˈfiʧər ɪn tu lig ˈmæʧɪz ənd wən kɪŋz kəp taɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɛnd əv ðə jɪr. ˈnɪkˌneɪmd "ðə fli" fər hɪz smɔl freɪm, pæst ˈsizər rɑˈdrigɛzɪz ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn əv 232 goʊlz tɪ bɪˈkəm ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ˌɔlˈtaɪm ˈlidɪŋ ˈskɔrər. goʊl ˈtæli ˈʤænjuˌɛri 7 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 10 mɑrʧ 13 ˈeɪprəl 9 meɪ 8 ʤun 4 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 0 ˈɔgəst 7 sɛpˈtɛmbər 5 ɑkˈtoʊbər 10 noʊˈvɛmbər 9 dɪˈsɛmbər 4 goʊl ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ˈkoʊpə dɛl reɪ: 3 dɪˈvɪʒən: 56 ˈʧæmpiənz lig: 13 ˈspænɪʃ ˈsupər kəp: 2 kləb ˈtoʊtəl: 74 ˌɑrʤənˈtinə wərld kəp kˈwɑləˌfaɪərz: 5 friendlies*: 7 ˈkəntri ˈtoʊtəl: 12 ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈtoʊtəl: 86

the nuclear agreement between the u.s., iran, and other world powers cleared an important congressional hurdle in washington, d.c. on tuesday, but don't expect former vice president dick cheney to be happy about it. despite holding no elected office, former vice president dick cheney has emerged as one of the most of the iran deal, delivering a blistering speech tuesday morning alleging that the accord "will give iran the means to launch a nuclear attack on the u.s. homeland." “i know of no nation in history that has agreed to guarantee that the means of its own destruction will be in the hands of another nation, particularly one that is hostile," cheney told the audience at the american enterprise institute, a conservative washington, d.c. think tank, to mark the return of congress after a summer recess. according to cheney, the has garnered widespread support from all "facilitate and enable the iranian support for terror and terrorist groups, including those who have attacked the united states and are threatening our security, our allies and our interests." he also claimed the deal threatens the security of "our arab allies across the middle east," europe, and "the jewish people." however, just 15 minutes into his speech, cheney was interrupted by a young woman bearing a different message. "dick cheney is a war criminal. we want peace," yelled michaela, an organizer with the group codepink. holding a banner which read: "wrong in iraq, wrong in iran," was swiftly escorted from the room, but not before momentarily derailing cheney's engaging in a game of with an unidentified audience member, who aggressively sought to seize her cloth sign. the incident was captured in the following video footage. "dick cheney is a notable war criminal, has committed atrocities during his time as vice president and beyond, and is a known supporter of torture," told common dreams following the direct action. "that is something i am not ok with, as a young person and an activist. my generation wants peace. we're tired of war, and we're tired of war mongers like cheney." anang was not the only person on tuesday to question the former vice president's track record. the following video, released by the white house, is entitled, "vice president dick cheney: wrong then, wrong now." scroll to continue with content help keep common dreams alive our progressive news model only survives if those informed and inspired by this work support our efforts there was another key show of opposition to cheney's agenda on tuesday. shortly after the former vice president delivered his speech, three key senate democrats declared they will vote in favor of the iran deal, bringing its total number of public supporters in the senate to 41. this threshold gives backers of the deal enough votes to prevent passage of the disapproval resolution, meaning there will be no need for a presidential veto. the public commitments followed a grassroots pressure campaign, waged by people in iran, the diaspora, and across the united states. the development was embraced by backers of diplomacy. "this victory, which countless organizations and individuals contributed to, proves the power of grassroots advocacy," said rabbi joseph berman, government affairs liaison for jewish voice for peace. "this achievement demonstrates that advocates of peace and justice can win over the advocates of war." unclear if deliberate or coincidental, but flood of key senators announcing iran deal support right after cheney spoke is funny either way. glenn greenwald (@ggreenwald) september 8, 2015 however, the deal's backers say that efforts are far from over. "now that there is sufficient support in congress to protect the agreement, we should move swiftly to implement its terms," declared global zero, an international movement for the elimination of nuclear weapons, in a statement released tuesday. and phyllis bennis, who directs the new internationalism project at the institute for policy studies, argued last week: "now we have to look to the future and figure out strategies to win new victories over the existing wars, occupations, and weapons, all enabled and furthered by u.s. policies, that continue to create millions of new refugees, escalating violence, and instability across the middle east and beyond."

ðə ˈnukliər əˈgrimənt bɪtˈwin ðə juz., ˌɪˈrɑn, ənd ˈəðər wərld paʊərz klɪrd ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈhərdəl ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, bət doʊnt ɪkˈspɛkt ˈfɔrmər vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt dɪk ˈʧeɪni tɪ bi ˈhæpi əˈbaʊt ɪt. dɪˈspaɪt ˈhoʊldɪŋ noʊ ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈɔfəs, ˈfɔrmər vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt dɪk ˈʧeɪni həz ˈimərʤd ɛz wən əv ðə moʊst əv ðə ˌɪˈrɑn dil, dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ə ˈblɪstərɪŋ spiʧ ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ əˈlɛʤɪŋ ðət ðə əˈkɔrd "wɪl gɪv ˌɪˈrɑn ðə minz tɪ lɔnʧ ə ˈnukliər əˈtæk ɔn ðə juz. ˈhoʊmˌlænd." noʊ əv noʊ ˈneɪʃən ɪn ˈhɪstəri ðət həz əˈgrid tɪ ˌgɛrənˈti ðət ðə minz əv ɪts oʊn dɪˈstrəkʃən wɪl bi ɪn ðə hænz əv əˈnəðər ˈneɪʃən, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli wən ðət ɪz ˈhɑstəl," ˈʧeɪni toʊld ðə ˈɔdiəns æt ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ˈɪnstɪˌtut, ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. θɪŋk tæŋk, tɪ mɑrk ðə rɪˈtərn əv ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈæftər ə ˈsəmər ˈrisɛs. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈʧeɪni, ðə həz ˈgɑrnərd ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd səˈpɔrt frəm ɔl "fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ənd ɪˈneɪbəl ðə ˌɪˈrɑniən səˈpɔrt fər ˈtɛrər ənd ˈtɛrərɪst grups, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz hu hæv əˈtækt ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ər θˈrɛtənɪŋ ɑr sɪˈkjʊrəti, ɑr ˈælaɪz ənd ɑr ˈɪntərɪsts." hi ˈɔlsoʊ kleɪmd ðə dil θˈrɛtənz ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti əv "ɑr ˈærəb ˈælaɪz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈmɪdəl ist," ˈjʊrəp, ənd "ðə ʤuɪʃ ˈpipəl." ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ʤɪst 15 ˈmɪnəts ˈɪntu hɪz spiʧ, ˈʧeɪni wɑz ˌɪntərˈəptɪd baɪ ə jəŋ ˈwʊmən ˈbɛrɪŋ ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈmɛsɪʤ. "dɪk ˈʧeɪni ɪz ə wɔr ˈkrɪmənəl. wi wɔnt pis," jɛld maɪˈkɛlə, ən ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzər wɪθ ðə grup codepink*. ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə ˈbænər wɪʧ rɛd: "rɔŋ ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk, rɔŋ ɪn ˌɪˈrɑn," wɑz sˈwɪftli ɛˈskɔrtɪd frəm ðə rum, bət nɑt ˌbiˈfɔr ˌmoʊmənˈtɛrəli dɪˈreɪlɪŋ ˈʧeɪniz ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ə geɪm əv wɪθ ən ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈɔdiəns ˈmɛmbər, hu əˈgrɛsɪvli sɔt tɪ siz hər klɔθ saɪn. ðə ˈɪnsədənt wɑz ˈkæpʧərd ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ ˈfʊtɪʤ. "dɪk ˈʧeɪni ɪz ə ˈnoʊtəbəl wɔr ˈkrɪmənəl, həz kəˈmɪtɪd əˈtrɑsətiz ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz taɪm ɛz vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd bɪɔnd, ənd ɪz ə noʊn səˈpɔrtər əv ˈtɔrʧər," toʊld ˈkɑmən drimz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə dɪˈrɛkt ˈækʃən. "ðət ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ æm nɑt ˈoʊˈkeɪ wɪθ, ɛz ə jəŋ ˈpərsən ənd ən ˈæktɪvɪst. maɪ ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən wɔnts pis. wɪr taɪərd əv wɔr, ənd wɪr taɪərd əv wɔr ˈməŋgərz laɪk ˈʧeɪni." wɑz nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpərsən ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ tɪ kˈwɛʃən ðə ˈfɔrmər vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənts træk ˈrɛkərd. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ, riˈlist baɪ ðə waɪt haʊs, ɪz ɛnˈtaɪtəld, "vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt dɪk ˈʧeɪni: rɔŋ ðɛn, rɔŋ naʊ." skroʊl tɪ kənˈtɪnju wɪθ ˈkɑntɛnt hɛlp kip ˈkɑmən drimz əˈlaɪv ɑr prəˈgrɛsɪv nuz ˈmɑdəl ˈoʊnli sərˈvaɪvz ɪf ðoʊz ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ənd ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ðɪs wərk səˈpɔrt ɑr ˈɛfərts ðɛr wɑz əˈnəðər ki ʃoʊ əv ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈʧeɪniz əˈʤɛndə ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ. ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə ˈfɔrmər vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt dɪˈlɪvərd hɪz spiʧ, θri ki ˈsɛnɪt ˈdɛməˌkræts dɪˈklɛrd ðeɪ wɪl voʊt ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ðə ˌɪˈrɑn dil, ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪts ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv ˈpəblɪk səˈpɔrtərz ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt tɪ 41 ðɪs θˈrɛˌʃoʊld gɪvz ˈbækərz əv ðə dil ɪˈnəf voʊts tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈpæsɪʤ əv ðə dɪsəˈpruvəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən, ˈminɪŋ ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ nid fər ə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈviˌtoʊ. ðə ˈpəblɪk kəˈmɪtmənts ˈfɑloʊd ə ˈgræsˈruts ˈprɛʃər kæmˈpeɪn, weɪʤd baɪ ˈpipəl ɪn ˌɪˈrɑn, ðə daɪˈæspərə, ənd əˈkrɔs ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt wɑz ɛmˈbreɪst baɪ ˈbækərz əv dɪˈploʊməsi. "ðɪs ˈvɪktəri, wɪʧ ˈkaʊntləs ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ənd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ, pruvz ðə paʊər əv ˈgræsˈruts ˈædvəkəsi," sɛd ˈræˌbaɪ ˈʤoʊzəf ˈbərmən, ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɛrz liˈeɪˌzɑn fər ʤuɪʃ vɔɪs fər pis. "ðɪs əˈʧivmənt ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts ðət ˈædvəˌkeɪts əv pis ənd ˈʤəstɪs kən wɪn ˈoʊvər ðə ˈædvəˌkeɪts əv wɔr." ənˈklɪr ɪf dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt ər koʊˌɪnsəˈdɛntəl, bət fləd əv ki ˈsɛnətərz əˈnaʊnsɪŋ ˌɪˈrɑn dil səˈpɔrt raɪt ˈæftər ˈʧeɪni spoʊk ɪz ˈfəni ˈiðər weɪ. glɛn ˈgrinˌwɔld (@ggreenwald*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 8 2015 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə dilz ˈbækərz seɪ ðət ˈɛfərts ər fɑr frəm ˈoʊvər. "naʊ ðət ðɛr ɪz səˈfɪʃənt səˈpɔrt ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə əˈgrimənt, wi ʃʊd muv sˈwɪftli tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ɪts tərmz," dɪˈklɛrd ˈgloʊbəl ˈziroʊ, ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmuvmənt fər ðə ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən əv ˈnukliər ˈwɛpənz, ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt riˈlist ˈtuzˌdeɪ. ənd ˈfɪlɪs ˈbɛnɪs, hu dɪˈrɛkts ðə nu ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑˌlɪzəm ˈprɑʤɛkt æt ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈpɑləsi ˈstədiz, ˈɑrgjud læst wik: "naʊ wi hæv tɪ lʊk tɪ ðə fˈjuʧər ənd ˈfɪgjər aʊt ˈstrætəʤiz tɪ wɪn nu ˈvɪktəriz ˈoʊvər ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ wɔrz, ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃənz, ənd ˈwɛpənz, ɔl ɪˈneɪbəld ənd ˈfərðərd baɪ juz. ˈpɑləsiz, ðət kənˈtɪnju tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈmɪljənz əv nu ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz, ˈɛskəˌleɪtɪŋ ˈvaɪələns, ənd ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti əˈkrɔs ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ənd bɪɔnd."

mar 8, 2015; newark, nj, usa; new jersey devils goalie martin brodeur (30) is honored as part of the anniversary of the 1995 stanley cup championship team before the game between the new jersey devils and the philadelphia flyers at prudential center. mandatory credit: ed today sports kevin weekes released this article today on regarding the release of 6 stamps by canada post that will feature six great canadian of the past. we’re going to take a stab at guessing at least four of the six. been given some hints that should make figuring this out a little easier. see if we can fill out the entire six slots. “only a few can be considered to be among the best of the best.” “hundreds of have laced up the skates, put on the mask, pads and blocker, and had the courage to get in front of the net with coming right at them, with the shots sometimes topping 100 mph. equipment or not, no easy feat and cut out for everyone.” “not only did each elite goalie make an impression, each left a legacy. our game is so much better for them having played it. each has raised the standard and helped change the perception about not only how critical but also how dominant can be in the.” “each of these left his stamp on the game. now six canadian will be honored in a collection of great canadian goalie stamps, which debuts oct. “while i tell you who the six will be, say this: five of the six are in the hall of fame, four have won the calder trophy, and each has won the stanley cup (a combined 20 times). not to mention two have won the conn smythe trophy. pretty impressive, so clearly each is deserving of the honor.” “the confidence that each of these men gave their respective teammates, coaches and fans while taking it away from the opposition is immeasurable. they were game-changers. they were game savers.” well time for speculation folks as i dig through some old records and awards to see if we identify who the six canadian legend are. we know 5 of them are hall of famers, with 4 of them being calder trophy winners. that makes things a little easier. going from most recent to oldest canadian to win the calder. saw steve mason win it. obviously too young to be considered and things got a little rocky after his rookie season. 03-04 saw andrew win it, but definitely not going to be that bust of a goalie. the first guaranteed is the calder winner martin brodeur, future hall of famer and stanley cup winner. an easy one. another guy who might be featured is calder trophy winner ed who had a lengthy successful career. here’s another no brainer. the calder trophy winner ken dryden is an absolute legend amongst in history. you can probably pencil his name in. another canadian who is another goalie legend won his calder trophy is. tony esposito had a great career. going back a little further, the calder trophy winner glenn hall went on to win 3 vezina trophies during his career with 1 stanley cup coming in 1961. delving back even further, how about calder trophy winner gump worsley? he went on to win 4 stanley cups with the montreal canadiens. lastly in legend terry sawchuk won the calder trophy, and also went on to win 4 stanley cups. now we know only four of the six being featured on these stamps were calder trophy winners. so which four of the above do you think are going to be featured by canada post?

mɑr 8 2015 nuərk, nj*, ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ; nu ˈʤərzi ˈdɛvəlz ˈgoʊli ˈmɑrtɪn ˈbrɑdər 30 ɪz ˈɑnərd ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv ðə 1995 ˈstænli kəp ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp tim ˌbiˈfɔr ðə geɪm bɪtˈwin ðə nu ˈʤərzi ˈdɛvəlz ənd ðə ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə flaɪərz æt pruˈdɛnʃəl ˈsɛnər. ˈmændəˌtɔri ˈkrɛdɪt: ɛd təˈdeɪ spɔrts ˈkɛvɪn wiks riˈlist ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl təˈdeɪ ɔn rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə riˈlis əv 6 stæmps baɪ ˈkænədə poʊst ðət wɪl ˈfiʧər sɪks greɪt kəˈneɪdiən əv ðə pæst. goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk ə stæb æt ˈgɛsɪŋ æt list fɔr əv ðə sɪks. bɪn ˈgɪvɪn səm hɪnts ðət ʃʊd meɪk ˈfɪgjərɪŋ ðɪs aʊt ə ˈlɪtəl ˈiziər. si ɪf wi kən fɪl aʊt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər sɪks slɑts. ə fju kən bi kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi əˈməŋ ðə bɛst əv ðə best.”*.” əv hæv leɪst əp ðə skeɪts, pʊt ɔn ðə mæsk, pædz ənd ˈblɑkər, ənd hæd ðə kərɪʤ tɪ gɪt ɪn frənt əv ðə nɛt wɪθ ˈkəmɪŋ raɪt æt ðɛm, wɪθ ðə ʃɑts ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈtɑpɪŋ 100 ˈɛmˈpiˈeɪʧ. ɪkˈwɪpmənt ər nɑt, noʊ ˈizi fit ənd kət aʊt fər everyone.”*.” ˈoʊnli dɪd iʧ ɪˈlit ˈgoʊli meɪk ən ˌɪmˈprɛʃən, iʧ lɛft ə ˈlɛgəsi. ɑr geɪm ɪz soʊ məʧ ˈbɛtər fər ðɛm ˈhævɪŋ pleɪd ɪt. iʧ həz reɪzd ðə ˈstændərd ənd hɛlpt ʧeɪnʤ ðə pərˈsɛpʃən əˈbaʊt nɑt ˈoʊnli haʊ ˈkrɪtɪkəl bət ˈɔlsoʊ haʊ ˈdɑmənənt kən bi ɪn ðə nhl.”*.” əv ðiz lɛft hɪz stæmp ɔn ðə geɪm. naʊ sɪks kəˈneɪdiən wɪl bi ˈɑnərd ɪn ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv greɪt kəˈneɪdiən ˈgoʊli stæmps, wɪʧ ˈdeɪbjuz ɔkt. aɪ tɛl ju hu ðə sɪks wɪl bi, seɪ ðɪs: faɪv əv ðə sɪks ər ɪn ðə hɔl əv feɪm, fɔr hæv wən ðə ˈkɔldər ˈtroʊfi, ənd iʧ həz wən ðə ˈstænli kəp (ə kəmˈbaɪnd 20 taɪmz). nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən tu hæv wən ðə kɑn smaɪð ˈtroʊfi. ˈprɪti ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv, soʊ ˈklɪrli iʧ ɪz dɪˈzərvɪŋ əv ðə honor.”*.” ˈkɑnfədɛns ðət iʧ əv ðiz mɛn geɪv ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv ˈtimˌmeɪts, ˈkoʊʧɪz ənd fænz waɪl ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪt əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ɪz ˌɪˈmɛʒərˌæbəl. ðeɪ wər game-changers*. ðeɪ wər geɪm savers.”*.” wɛl taɪm fər ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən foʊks ɛz aɪ dɪg θru səm oʊld ˈrɛkərdz ənd əˈwɔrdz tɪ si ɪf wi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ hu ðə sɪks kəˈneɪdiən ˈlɛʤənd ər. wi noʊ 5 əv ðɛm ər hɔl əv ˈfeɪmərz, wɪθ 4 əv ðɛm biɪŋ ˈkɔldər ˈtroʊfi ˈwɪnərz. ðət meɪks θɪŋz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈiziər. goʊɪŋ frəm moʊst ˈrisənt tɪ ˈoʊldəst kəˈneɪdiən tɪ wɪn ðə ˈkɔldər. sɔ stiv ˈmeɪsən wɪn ɪt. ˈɑbviəsli tu jəŋ tɪ bi kənˈsɪdərd ənd θɪŋz gɑt ə ˈlɪtəl ˈrɑki ˈæftər hɪz ˈrʊki ˈsizən. sɔ ˈændru wɪn ɪt, bət ˈdɛfənətli nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ðət bəst əv ə ˈgoʊli. ðə fərst ˌgɛrənˈtid ɪz ðə ˈkɔldər ˈwɪnər ˈmɑrtɪn ˈbrɑdər, fˈjuʧər hɔl əv ˈfeɪmər ənd ˈstænli kəp ˈwɪnər. ən ˈizi wən. əˈnəðər gaɪ hu maɪt bi ˈfiʧərd ɪz ˈkɔldər ˈtroʊfi ˈwɪnər ɛd hu hæd ə ˈlɛŋθi səkˈsɛsfəl kərɪr. əˈnəðər noʊ ˈbreɪnər. ðə ˈkɔldər ˈtroʊfi ˈwɪnər kɛn ˈdraɪdən ɪz ən ˈæbsəˌlut ˈlɛʤənd əˈməŋst ɪn ˈhɪstəri. ju kən ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈpɛnsəl hɪz neɪm ɪn. əˈnəðər kəˈneɪdiən hu ɪz əˈnəðər ˈgoʊli ˈlɛʤənd wən hɪz ˈkɔldər ˈtroʊfi ɪz ˈtoʊni ɛspəˈzitoʊ hæd ə greɪt kərɪr. goʊɪŋ bæk ə ˈlɪtəl ˈfərðər, ðə ˈkɔldər ˈtroʊfi ˈwɪnər glɛn hɔl wɛnt ɔn tɪ wɪn 3 vɛˈzinə ˈtroʊfiz ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz kərɪr wɪθ 1 ˈstænli kəp ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn 1961 ˈdɛlvɪŋ bæk ˈivɪn ˈfərðər, haʊ əˈbaʊt ˈkɔldər ˈtroʊfi ˈwɪnər gəmp ˈwərsli? hi wɛnt ɔn tɪ wɪn 4 ˈstænli kəps wɪθ ðə ˌməntriˈɔl canadiens*. ˈlæstli ɪn ˈlɛʤənd ˈtɛri ˈsɔʧək wən ðə ˈkɔldər ˈtroʊfi, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ wɛnt ɔn tɪ wɪn 4 ˈstænli kəps. naʊ wi noʊ ˈoʊnli fɔr əv ðə sɪks biɪŋ ˈfiʧərd ɔn ðiz stæmps wər ˈkɔldər ˈtroʊfi ˈwɪnərz. soʊ wɪʧ fɔr əv ðə əˈbəv du ju θɪŋk ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈfiʧərd baɪ ˈkænədə poʊst?

the funeral of lian zaher nasser was held in the town of on jan. 3. nasser, 19, was killed in reina nightclub when a gunman opened fire on new eve revelers, killing 39 and wounding dozens of others. thousands attended the funeral, among them hundreds of young women who came to pay their last respects to nasser but also in defiance of those who cast aspersions on moral character, claiming her death was divine retribution for celebrating a christian holiday in mixed company with men at an amoral affair. such claims were first expressed in mosques and then erupted onto social media sites, where stormy arguments developed. “moderate” posters wondered what a group of muslim girls was doing in an istanbul nightclub, and some went so far as to compare the club to a brothel. her relatives said nasser was murdered twice: once by an islamic state (is) terrorist and a second time by sympathizers of the movement within the community. at the end of the funeral procession, her father, zaher nasser, reacted to those seeking to sully his name. “my daughter was murdered through no fault of her own. all she wanted was to enjoy herself, and not forbidden. the fact that a muslim does not prevent her from having a good time, and islam does not call for murder and such violence,” he said. during the funeral procession, arab knesset member ahmad tibi said angrily, “we are sad and pained but also angered by the crimes. people who cannot find a kind word should just keep silent and be ashamed of themselves.” the chairman of the joint list, knesset member odeh, wrote on facebook that he was deeply shocked that instead of mourning the murder of a young woman in a terror attack carried out by muslim fanatics, arab society was concerning itself with the lifestyle of young women unwilling to accept the religious muslim way of life preached by is. “i’m surprised to see reactions that are light years away from the spirit of our people, reactions of primitive derision and hatred fostered by the murderous ideology of the islamic state,” he wrote. fellow knesset members called for the eradication of extremist islamist elements that have infiltrated arab society. the debate generated by choice to spend new eve partying at an istanbul club falls on a fault line within arab society in israel a struggle between religious muslims and muslims who do not adhere to a religious way of life. (they tend not to use the term “secular.”) this is largely an intergenerational clash between parents and grandparents and young arabs born into a traditional, religious and conservative society but heavily influenced by secular israeli environment. and so, these tensions and confrontations do not just pit religious and nonreligious muslims against each other, but also the older generation against the younger. these young people are defining a new, unique identity: a minority group intent on throwing off the shackles and isolationism of their society and leading an independent lifestyle. the strict muslim rules of conduct and morality contrast starkly with those of the pluralistic and individualistic israeli society in which they live, leading them to see their extended families, the atmosphere in their village or neighborhood and arab society in general as oppressive. one of the manifestations of this mindset is a strong desire to attend university, which they view as the door to their integration into israeli society and out of the so-called arab ghettos. for most, getting a higher education and acquiring a profession is an opportunity to extricate themselves from the stifling embrace of their traditional society and to achieve a modern, independent way of life. anan mansour, a from the arab village of taibe, told that he and his friends were not surprised by the disturbing and outrageous comments after murder. they are used to criticism over their lifestyle, which is different from that of others, he said. “i know this from home already, and a man. not a woman whose parents guard her and seek a match for her wedding. lian was a dental assistant who went out to party with her friends, one of them a dentist herself. all of them are young, educated arab women who have been exposed to israeli society. we live in an open society with aspirations and desires that are very different from the desires and dreams of our fathers and grandfathers. this manifests itself in a contemporary but mainly in concern over the shape of our future. should we, too, sit home and cry over our fate?” mansour added that he has seen and heard the incitement against nasser, not just from older people but also from youngs who do not lead a religious or conservative way of life and yet cannot accept young arab women who refuse to behave according to the moral code instilled in them at home. the new film by arab director hamoud, a resident of the mixed city of tel aviv-jaffa, offers a fascinating glimpse of the currents shaking up arab society. “not here, not there,” which hit israeli movie screens dec. 30, revolves around three young arab women who rent an apartment in the center of tel aviv, but are forced to conceal their liberal lifestyle from their families. this feature film's characters are fictional, but the plot is based on the real lives ofs. for most israeli viewers, it will be their first glimpse of the lives led by young muslim men and women seeking a free, independent way of life, one in which the conflict does not take center stage.

ðə fˈjunərəl əv ljɑn zeɪər ˈnæsər wɑz hɛld ɪn ðə taʊn əv ɔn ʤæn. 3 ˈnæsər, 19 wɑz kɪld ɪn reɪˈinə ˈnaɪtˌkləb wɪn ə ˈgənmən ˈoʊpənd faɪər ɔn nu iv ˈrɛvələrz, ˈkɪlɪŋ 39 ənd ˈwundɪŋ ˈdəzənz əv ˈəðərz. ˈθaʊzənz əˈtɛndəd ðə fˈjunərəl, əˈməŋ ðɛm ˈhənərdz əv jəŋ ˈwɪmən hu keɪm tɪ peɪ ðɛr læst rɪˈspɛkts tɪ ˈnæsər bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn dɪˈfaɪəns əv ðoʊz hu kæst əˈspərʒənz ɔn ˈmɔrəl ˈkɛrɪktər, ˈkleɪmɪŋ hər dɛθ wɑz dɪˈvaɪn ˌrɛtrəˈbjuʃən fər ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ ə ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ɪn mɪkst ˈkəmpəˌni wɪθ mɛn æt ən eɪˈmɔrəl əˈfɛr. səʧ kleɪmz wər fərst ɪkˈsprɛst ɪn mɔsks ənd ðɛn ˌɪˈrəptɪd ˈɔntu ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə saɪts, wɛr ˈstɔrmi ˈɑrgjəmənts dɪˈvɛləpt. ““moderate”*” ˈpoʊstərz ˈwəndərd wət ə grup əv ˈməzlɪm gərlz wɑz duɪŋ ɪn ən ˌɪstɑnˈbul ˈnaɪtˌkləb, ənd səm wɛnt soʊ fɑr ɛz tɪ kəmˈpɛr ðə kləb tɪ ə ˈbrɑθəl. hər ˈrɛlətɪvz sɛd ˈnæsər wɑz ˈmərdərd twaɪs: wəns baɪ ən ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt (ɪz) ˈtɛrərɪst ənd ə ˈsɛkənd taɪm baɪ ˈsɪmpəˌθaɪzərz əv ðə ˈmuvmənt wɪˈθɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti. æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə fˈjunərəl prəˈsɛʃən, hər ˈfɑðər, zeɪər ˈnæsər, riˈæktɪd tɪ ðoʊz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ˈsəli hɪz neɪm. ˈdɔtər wɑz ˈmərdərd θru noʊ fɔlt əv hər oʊn. ɔl ʃi ˈwɔntɪd wɑz tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ hərˈsɛlf, ənd nɑt ˈfɔrbɪdən. ðə fækt ðət ə ˈməzlɪm dɪz nɑt prɪˈvɛnt hər frəm ˈhævɪŋ ə gʊd taɪm, ənd ˌɪsˈlɑm dɪz nɑt kɔl fər ˈmərdər ənd səʧ violence,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fˈjunərəl prəˈsɛʃən, ˈærəb ˈnɛsət ˈmɛmbər ˈɑmɑd ˈtɪˌbi sɛd ˈæŋgrəli, ər sæd ənd peɪnd bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈæŋgərd baɪ ðə kraɪmz. ˈpipəl hu ˈkænɑt faɪnd ə kaɪnd wərd ʃʊd ʤɪst kip ˈsaɪlənt ənd bi əˈʃeɪmd əv themselves.”*.” ðə ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ʤɔɪnt lɪst, ˈnɛsət ˈmɛmbər odeh*, roʊt ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ðət hi wɑz ˈdipli ʃɑkt ðət ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈmɔrnɪŋ ðə ˈmərdər əv ə jəŋ ˈwʊmən ɪn ə ˈtɛrər əˈtæk ˈkɛrid aʊt baɪ ˈməzlɪm fəˈnætɪks, ˈærəb soʊˈsaɪɪti wɑz kənˈsərnɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɪθ ðə ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl əv jəŋ ˈwɪmən ənˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈməzlɪm weɪ əv laɪf priʧt baɪ ɪz. səˈpraɪzd tɪ si riˈækʃənz ðət ər laɪt jɪrz əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈspɪrɪt əv ɑr ˈpipəl, riˈækʃənz əv ˈprɪmɪtɪv dərˈɪʒən ənd ˈheɪtrəd ˈfɑstərd baɪ ðə ˈmərdərəs ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk state,”*,” hi roʊt. ˈfɛloʊ ˈnɛsət ˈmɛmbərz kɔld fər ðə ɪˌrædəˈkeɪʃən əv ɪkˈstrimɪst ˈɪsləmɪst ˈɛləmənts ðət hæv ˈɪnfɪlˌtreɪtɪd ˈærəb soʊˈsaɪɪti. ðə dəˈbeɪt ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ʧɔɪs tɪ spɛnd nu iv ˈpɑrtiɪŋ æt ən ˌɪstɑnˈbul kləb fɔlz ɔn ə fɔlt laɪn wɪˈθɪn ˈærəb soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn ˈɪzriəl ə ˈstrəgəl bɪtˈwin rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈməzlɪmz ənd ˈməzlɪmz hu du nɑt əˈdhɪr tɪ ə rɪˈlɪʤəs weɪ əv laɪf. (ðeɪ tɛnd nɑt tɪ juz ðə tərm ““secular.”*.”) ðɪs ɪz ˈlɑrʤli ən ˌɪntərˈʤɛnərˈeɪʃənəl klæʃ bɪtˈwin ˈpɛrənts ənd ˈgrændˌpɛrənts ənd jəŋ ˈærəbz bɔrn ˈɪntu ə trəˈdɪʃənəl, rɪˈlɪʤəs ənd kənˈsərvətɪv soʊˈsaɪɪti bət ˈhɛvəli ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ˈsɛkjələr ˌɪzˈreɪli ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ənd soʊ, ðiz ˈtɛnʧənz ənd ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃənz du nɑt ʤɪst pɪt rɪˈlɪʤəs ənd ˌnɑnrɪˈlɪʤəs ˈməzlɪmz əˈgɛnst iʧ ˈəðər, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈoʊldər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əˈgɛnst ðə ˈjəŋgər. ðiz jəŋ ˈpipəl ər dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ə nu, juˈnik aɪˈdɛntəˌti: ə məˈnɔrəti grup ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɔn θroʊɪŋ ɔf ðə ˈʃækəlz ənd ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃəˌnɪzəm əv ðɛr soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ˈlidɪŋ ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl. ðə strɪkt ˈməzlɪm rulz əv ˈkɑndəkt ənd ˌmɔˈræləˌti ˈkɑntræst ˈstɑrkli wɪθ ðoʊz əv ðə ˌplʊrəˈlɪstɪk ənd ˌɪndɪˌvɪʤuəˈlɪstɪk ˌɪzˈreɪli soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ lɪv, ˈlidɪŋ ðɛm tɪ si ðɛr ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈfæməliz, ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr ɪn ðɛr ˈvɪlɪʤ ər ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ənd ˈærəb soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl ɛz əˈprɛsɪv. wən əv ðə ˌmænəfɛˈsteɪʃənz əv ðɪs ˈmaɪndˌsɛt ɪz ə strɔŋ dɪˈzaɪər tɪ əˈtɛnd ˌjunəˈvərsəti, wɪʧ ðeɪ vju ɛz ðə dɔr tɪ ðɛr ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən ˈɪntu ˌɪzˈreɪli soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd aʊt əv ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈærəb ˈgɛtoʊz. fər moʊst, ˈgɪtɪŋ ə haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd əkˈwaɪərɪŋ ə prəˈfɛʃən ɪz ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ˈɛkstrəˌkeɪt ðɛmˈsɛlvz frəm ðə ˈstaɪfəlɪŋ ɪmˈbreɪs əv ðɛr trəˈdɪʃənəl soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd tɪ əˈʧiv ə ˈmɑdərn, ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt weɪ əv laɪf. ˈmænsər, ə frəm ðə ˈærəb ˈvɪlɪʤ əv taibe*, toʊld ðət hi ənd hɪz frɛndz wər nɑt səˈpraɪzd baɪ ðə dɪˈstərbɪŋ ənd aʊˈtreɪʤəs ˈkɑmɛnts ˈæftər ˈmərdər. ðeɪ ər juzd tɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ˈoʊvər ðɛr ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl, wɪʧ ɪz ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðət əv ˈəðər, hi sɛd. noʊ ðɪs frəm hoʊm ɔˈrɛdi, ənd ə mæn. nɑt ə ˈwʊmən huz ˈpɛrənts gɑrd hər ənd sik ə mæʧ fər hər ˈwɛdɪŋ. ljɑn wɑz ə ˈdɛntəl əˈsɪstənt hu wɛnt aʊt tɪ ˈpɑrti wɪθ hər frɛndz, wən əv ðɛm ə ˈdɛntɪst hərˈsɛlf. ɔl əv ðɛm ər jəŋ, ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd ˈærəb ˈwɪmən hu hæv bɪn ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ ˌɪzˈreɪli soʊˈsaɪɪti. wi lɪv ɪn ən ˈoʊpən soʊˈsaɪɪti wɪθ ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz ənd dɪˈzaɪərz ðət ər ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðə dɪˈzaɪərz ənd drimz əv ɑr ˈfɑðərz ənd ˈgrænˌfɑðərz. ðɪs ˈmænəˌfɛsts ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪn ə kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri bət ˈmeɪnli ɪn kənˈsərn ˈoʊvər ðə ʃeɪp əv ɑr fˈjuʧər. ʃʊd wi, tu, sɪt hoʊm ənd kraɪ ˈoʊvər ɑr fate?”*?” ˈmænsər ˈædɪd ðət hi həz sin ənd hərd ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪtmənt əˈgɛnst ˈnæsər, nɑt ʤɪst frəm ˈoʊldər ˈpipəl bət ˈɔlsoʊ frəm jəŋ hu du nɑt lɛd ə rɪˈlɪʤəs ər kənˈsərvətɪv weɪ əv laɪf ənd jɛt ˈkænɑt əkˈsɛpt jəŋ ˈærəb ˈwɪmən hu ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ bɪˈheɪv əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈmɔrəl koʊd ˌɪnˈstɪld ɪn ðɛm æt hoʊm. ðə nu fɪlm baɪ ˈærəb dɪˈrɛktər hamoud*, ə ˈrɛzɪdənt əv ðə mɪkst ˈsɪti əv tɛl aviv-jaffa*, ˈɔfərz ə ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ glɪmps əv ðə kərənts ˈʃeɪkɪŋ əp ˈærəb soʊˈsaɪɪti. hir, nɑt there,”*,” wɪʧ hɪt ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈmuvi skrinz dɛk. 30 riˈvɑlvz əraʊnd θri jəŋ ˈærəb ˈwɪmən hu rɛnt ən əˈpɑrtmənt ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər əv tɛl ɑˈviv, bət ər fɔrst tɪ kənˈsil ðɛr ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl frəm ðɛr ˈfæməliz. ðɪs ˈfiʧər fɪlmz ˈkɛrɪktərz ər ˈfɪkʃənəl, bət ðə plɑt ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə ril lɪvz əv. fər moʊst ˌɪzˈreɪli vjuərz, ɪt wɪl bi ðɛr fərst glɪmps əv ðə lɪvz lɛd baɪ jəŋ ˈməzlɪm mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən ˈsikɪŋ ə fri, ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt weɪ əv laɪf, wən ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt dɪz nɑt teɪk ˈsɛnər steɪʤ.

pilot: drone operator has no 'skin' in the collision avoidance game to the editor: the editorial for may 11 cheerleading the rapid of commercial drones was myopic. the editors focused exclusively on positive aspects that would benefit news coverage. in the i accumulated about 900 hours as a single engine flight instructor and about 500 hours flying twin turbine commuter aircraft. with manned aircraft, the rule is "see and be seen." most drones would be hard for a pilot to see. the drone operator would likely not be constantly sweeping the sky from left to right as pilots are trained to do. an operator safely on the ground would have no skin in the collision avoidance game. what about loss of propeller power or total loss of control of a drone? what might it hit or where may it fall? should there be weight, speed and altitude limits? i watched a bbc news clip where a reporter tried to fly a small drone. he lost control and crashed it. many drones have unguarded which could cut up a person. should they be flown over crowds, school yards or residential neighborhoods? what kind of training might be required for drone operators? who will conduct it? who will certify that operators are competent, as pilots are certified? it is no stretch to see that there will be some who fly drones without training or certification. who will police the use of drones and what might be the penalties? since they are controlled by digital radio signal, there will be folks who for fun or profit will hack into drone control systems to try to take them over. what kinds of weapons might be delivered by a non-military drone? toxins or a bomb? what operating range will drones have? what will they do if they fly out of operator control range? autonomous drones would not have the sensibility of a pilot for constantly varying flight situations. captain sullenberger quickly decided the best option was to ditch his powerless jetliner in the hudson river. and, what about noise and privacy issues? there should be no rush to get commercial and privately owned drones into the air. garry nichols manlius editorial failed to address privacy and civil liberties issues to the editor: it is readily understandable that news corporations would want to use drones to record and report news. the imaging capabilities of drones are mighty impressive. yes, drones might "enhance the public's understanding of events." and, true, drones may well have been "used to capture footage of massive demonstrations in ukraine." (indeed, drones are ideal for identifying and monitoring demonstrators.) however, your may 11 editorial, "journalists have right to use drones, too," under analyzed the issue. sure, news corporations may seek to automate where they can. but working journalists and photographers probably value the right to be gainfully employed and not be replaced by those robots. your editorial criticized the for not licensing news corporations to use drones. but it failed to cite the safety concerns around drones that, given the current regulatory vacuum, the must wrestle with. or, to enhance the public's understanding, your editorial might have addressed privacy and civil liberties issues. these are local, national and international. several months ago our own common council wisely and unanimously passed a resolution banning drones over syracuse absent adequate regulation. six states even restrict drone use by law enforcement. on may 9 the wall street journal reported that this past march a u.s. passenger jet nearly collided with a drone over florida - a disturbing news item, which as far as i know, the didn't publish. my hope is that your parent company's eagerness to embrace the drone won't lead you to sidestep covering drone problems. or to downplay agitation - for the past four years focused on the drone war crimes emanating from hancock's attack wing. ed member, upstate drone action syracuse

ˈpaɪlət: droʊn ˈɑpərˌeɪtər həz noʊ 'skɪn' ɪn ðə kəˈlɪʒən əˈvɔɪdəns geɪm tɪ ðə ˈɛdɪtər: ðə ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl fər meɪ 11 ˈʧɪˌrlidɪŋ ðə ˈræpɪd əv kəˈmərʃəl droʊnz wɑz maɪˈɑpɪk. ðə ˈɛdɪtərz ˈfoʊkɪst ɪkˈsklusɪvli ɔn ˈpɑzətɪv ˈæˌspɛkts ðət wʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt nuz ˈkəvərɪʤ. ɪn ðə aɪ əˈkjumjəˌleɪtɪd əˈbaʊt 900 aʊərz ɛz ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɪnʤən flaɪt ˌɪnˈstrəktər ənd əˈbaʊt 500 aʊərz flaɪɪŋ twɪn ˈtərbaɪn kəmˈjutər ˈɛrˌkræft. wɪθ mænd ˈɛrˌkræft, ðə rul ɪz "si ənd bi sin." moʊst droʊnz wʊd bi hɑrd fər ə ˈpaɪlət tɪ si. ðə droʊn ˈɑpərˌeɪtər wʊd ˈlaɪkli nɑt bi ˈkɑnstəntli sˈwipɪŋ ðə skaɪ frəm lɛft tɪ raɪt ɛz ˈpaɪləts ər treɪnd tɪ du. ən ˈɑpərˌeɪtər ˈseɪfli ɔn ðə graʊnd wʊd hæv noʊ skɪn ɪn ðə kəˈlɪʒən əˈvɔɪdəns geɪm. wət əˈbaʊt lɔs əv prəˈpɛlər paʊər ər ˈtoʊtəl lɔs əv kənˈtroʊl əv ə droʊn? wət maɪt ɪt hɪt ər wɛr meɪ ɪt fɔl? ʃʊd ðɛr bi weɪt, spid ənd ˈæltəˌtud ˈlɪmɪts? aɪ wɔʧt ə ˌbibiˈsi nuz klɪp wɛr ə rɪˈpɔrtər traɪd tɪ flaɪ ə smɔl droʊn. hi lɔst kənˈtroʊl ənd kræʃt ɪt. ˈmɛni droʊnz hæv ənˈgɑrdɪd wɪʧ kʊd kət əp ə ˈpərsən. ʃʊd ðeɪ bi floʊn ˈoʊvər kraʊdz, skul jɑrdz ər ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz? wət kaɪnd əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ maɪt bi rikˈwaɪərd fər droʊn ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz? hu wɪl ˈkɑndəkt ɪt? hu wɪl ˈsərtəˌfaɪ ðət ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz ər ˈkɑmpətɪnt, ɛz ˈpaɪləts ər ˈsərtəˌfaɪd? ɪt ɪz noʊ strɛʧ tɪ si ðət ðɛr wɪl bi səm hu flaɪ droʊnz wɪˈθaʊt ˈtreɪnɪŋ ər ˌsərtəfəˈkeɪʃən. hu wɪl pəˈlis ðə juz əv droʊnz ənd wət maɪt bi ðə ˈpɛnəltiz? sɪns ðeɪ ər kənˈtroʊld baɪ ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsɪgnəl, ðɛr wɪl bi foʊks hu fər fən ər ˈprɑfɪt wɪl hæk ˈɪntu droʊn kənˈtroʊl ˈsɪstəmz tɪ traɪ tɪ teɪk ðɛm ˈoʊvər. wət kaɪnz əv ˈwɛpənz maɪt bi dɪˈlɪvərd baɪ ə nɑnˈmɪləˌtɛri droʊn? ˈtɑksənz ər ə bɔm? wət ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ reɪnʤ wɪl droʊnz hæv? wət wɪl ðeɪ du ɪf ðeɪ flaɪ aʊt əv ˈɑpərˌeɪtər kənˈtroʊl reɪnʤ? ɔˈtɑnəməs droʊnz wʊd nɑt hæv ðə ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti əv ə ˈpaɪlət fər ˈkɑnstəntli ˈvɛriɪŋ flaɪt ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. ˈkæptən ˈsələnbərgər kˈwɪkli ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðə bɛst ˈɔpʃən wɑz tɪ dɪʧ hɪz ˈpaʊərləs ˈʤɛˌtlaɪnər ɪn ðə ˈhədsən ˈrɪvər. ənd, wət əˈbaʊt nɔɪz ənd ˈpraɪvəsi ˈɪʃuz? ðɛr ʃʊd bi noʊ rəʃ tɪ gɪt kəˈmərʃəl ənd ˈpraɪvətli oʊnd droʊnz ˈɪntu ðə ɛr. ˈgɛri ˈnɪkəlz ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl feɪld tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˈpraɪvəsi ənd ˈsɪvəl ˈlɪbərˌtiz ˈɪʃuz tɪ ðə ˈɛdɪtər: ɪt ɪz ˈrɛdəli ˌəndərˈstændəbəl ðət nuz ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz wʊd wɔnt tɪ juz droʊnz tɪ ˈrɛkərd ənd rɪˈpɔrt nuz. ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz əv droʊnz ər ˈmaɪti ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv. jɛs, droʊnz maɪt "ɛnˈhæns ðə ˈpəblɪks ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ɪˈvɛnts." ənd, tru, droʊnz meɪ wɛl hæv bɪn "juzd tɪ ˈkæpʧər ˈfʊtɪʤ əv ˈmæsɪv ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz ɪn juˈkreɪn." (ˌɪnˈdid, droʊnz ər aɪˈdil fər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ənd ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtərz.) ˌhaʊˈɛvər, jʊr meɪ 11 ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl, "ˈʤərnəlɪsts hæv raɪt tɪ juz droʊnz, tu," ˈəndər ˈænəˌlaɪzd ðə ˈɪʃu. ʃʊr, nuz ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz meɪ sik tɪ ˈɔtəˌmeɪt wɛr ðeɪ kən. bət ˈwərkɪŋ ˈʤərnəlɪsts ənd fəˈtɑgrəfərz ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈvælju ðə raɪt tɪ bi ˈgeɪnfəli ɪmˈplɔɪd ənd nɑt bi ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ ðoʊz ˈroʊˌbəts. jʊr ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðə fər nɑt ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ nuz ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz tɪ juz droʊnz. bət ɪt feɪld tɪ saɪt ðə ˈseɪfti kənˈsərnz əraʊnd droʊnz ðət, ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈvækjum, ðə məst ˈrɛsəl wɪθ. ər, tɪ ɛnˈhæns ðə ˈpəblɪks ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ, jʊr ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl maɪt hæv əˈdrɛst ˈpraɪvəsi ənd ˈsɪvəl ˈlɪbərˌtiz ˈɪʃuz. ðiz ər ˈloʊkəl, ˈnæʃənəl ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl. ˈsɛvərəl mənθs əˈgoʊ ɑr oʊn ˈkɑmən ˈkaʊnsəl ˈwaɪzli ənd juˈnænəməsli pæst ə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ˈbænɪŋ droʊnz ˈoʊvər ˈsɪrəˌkjuz ˈæbsənt ˈædəkˌweɪt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən. sɪks steɪts ˈivɪn riˈstrɪkt droʊn juz baɪ lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt. ɔn meɪ 9 ðə wɔl strit ˈʤərnəl ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðɪs pæst mɑrʧ ə juz. ˈpæsənʤər ʤɛt ˈnɪrli kəˈlaɪdɪd wɪθ ə droʊn ˈoʊvər ˈflɔrɪdə ə dɪˈstərbɪŋ nuz ˈaɪtəm, wɪʧ ɛz fɑr ɛz aɪ noʊ, ðə ˈdɪdənt ˈpəblɪʃ. maɪ hoʊp ɪz ðət jʊr ˈpɛrənt ˈkəmpəniz ˈigərnəs tɪ ɪmˈbreɪs ðə droʊn woʊnt lɛd ju tɪ ˈsaɪdˌstɛp ˈkəvərɪŋ droʊn ˈprɑbləmz. ər tɪ ˈdaʊnˌpleɪ ˌæʤəˈteɪʃən fər ðə pæst fɔr jɪrz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə droʊn wɔr kraɪmz ˈɛməˌneɪtɪŋ frəm ˈhænˌkɑks əˈtæk wɪŋ. ɛd ˈmɛmbər, ˈəpˈsteɪt droʊn ˈækʃən ˈsɪrəˌkjuz

the new york times is reporting the arrest of three hobbyists that were flying an aircraft at a lake nearby a nuclear power plant. authorities in france have been searching for suspects in what they call illegal of their nuclear power plants by drones over the past several months, however they doubt the people that they have arrested are the same people they are searching for. (original source of story is here in french) law enforcement officials told agence that the three did not have criminal records; they were suspected of having illegally flown two drones near the plant. vincent bonnefoy, a prosecutor from the area in central france, told reporters that the three were hobbyists who had been trying to film a boat in a lake near the plant. he said that one of the three flew a drone in the same area in october and made a film of the flight. according to the story, it would seem that part of the reason for the arrest is the fact that hearing the aircraft caused the security team to go into full panic mode by causing “organized provocation” and, “disrupting the surveillance chain and protection of these sites”. the hobbyists were apparently using their small to capture video of their boat. they had also done this a month before without incident. in this opinion incidents like this highlight the tension between hobbyists and those responsible for security, and also their lack of knowledge of aircraft and the technology in general. the key here is there is no behavior analysis to the perceived threat, just reaction. organized provocation can not be blamed on people doing innocent things, even by accident in a restricted area. in reality, an organized threat that wished to use a drone of some sort would not be able to be effectively stopped. but more to the point, a drone or aircraft would make a poor choice of weapon for terrorists, so the risk is minimized.

ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ɪz rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ərˈɛst əv θri ˈhɑbiɪsts ðət wər flaɪɪŋ ən ˈɛrˌkræft æt ə leɪk ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ə ˈnukliər paʊər plænt. əˈθɔrətiz ɪn fræns hæv bɪn ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ˈsəˌspɛkts ɪn wət ðeɪ kɔl ˌɪˈligəl əv ðɛr ˈnukliər paʊər plænts baɪ droʊnz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈsɛvərəl mənθs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðeɪ daʊt ðə ˈpipəl ðət ðeɪ hæv ərˈɛstɪd ər ðə seɪm ˈpipəl ðeɪ ər ˈsərʧɪŋ fər. (ərˈɪʤənəl sɔrs əv ˈstɔri ɪz hir ɪn frɛnʧ) lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əˈfɪʃəlz toʊld ˈæʤəns ðət ðə θri dɪd nɑt hæv ˈkrɪmənəl ˈrɛkərdz; ðeɪ wər səˈspɛktɪd əv ˈhævɪŋ ˌɪˈligəli floʊn tu droʊnz nɪr ðə plænt. ˈvɪnsɪnt bonnefoy*, ə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər frəm ðə ˈɛriə ɪn ˈsɛntrəl fræns, toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz ðət ðə θri wər ˈhɑbiɪsts hu hæd bɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ fɪlm ə boʊt ɪn ə leɪk nɪr ðə plænt. hi sɛd ðət wən əv ðə θri flu ə droʊn ɪn ðə seɪm ˈɛriə ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər ənd meɪd ə fɪlm əv ðə flaɪt. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈstɔri, ɪt wʊd sim ðət pɑrt əv ðə ˈrizən fər ðə ərˈɛst ɪz ðə fækt ðət ˈhirɪŋ ðə ˈɛrˌkræft kɔzd ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti tim tɪ goʊ ˈɪntu fʊl ˈpænɪk moʊd baɪ ˈkɔzɪŋ provocation”*” ənd, ðə sərˈveɪləns ʧeɪn ənd prəˈtɛkʃən əv ðiz sites”*”. ðə ˈhɑbiɪsts wər əˈpɛrəntli ˈjuzɪŋ ðɛr smɔl tɪ ˈkæpʧər ˈvɪdioʊ əv ðɛr boʊt. ðeɪ hæd ˈɔlsoʊ dən ðɪs ə mənθ ˌbiˈfɔr wɪˈθaʊt ˈɪnsədənt. ɪn ðɪs əˈpɪnjən ˈɪnsədənts laɪk ðɪs ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðə ˈtɛnʃən bɪtˈwin ˈhɑbiɪsts ənd ðoʊz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər sɪˈkjʊrəti, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ðɛr læk əv ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ˈɛrˌkræft ənd ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. ðə ki hir ɪz ðɛr ɪz noʊ bɪˈheɪvjər æˈnælɪsɪs tɪ ðə pərˈsivd θrɛt, ʤɪst riˈækʃən. ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˌprɑvəˈkeɪʃən kən nɑt bi bleɪmd ɔn ˈpipəl duɪŋ ˈɪnəsənt θɪŋz, ˈivɪn baɪ ˈæksədənt ɪn ə riˈstrɪktɪd ˈɛriə. ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, ən ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd θrɛt ðət wɪʃt tɪ juz ə droʊn əv səm sɔrt wʊd nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ bi ˈifɛktɪvli stɑpt. bət mɔr tɪ ðə pɔɪnt, ə droʊn ər ˈɛrˌkræft wʊd meɪk ə pur ʧɔɪs əv ˈwɛpən fər ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts, soʊ ðə rɪsk ɪz ˈmɪnəˌmaɪzd.

dr samuel brisbane becomes first doctor in west african nation to die, as second us healthcare worker is infected one of liberia's most high-profile doctors has died of ebola, a government official said on sunday, and a second us healthcare worker has been infected in what the world health organisation (who) is calling the largest outbreak ever recorded of the disease. dr samuel brisbane is the first liberian doctor to die in an outbreak, which the who says has killed 129 people in the west african nation. a ugandan doctor working in the country died this month. brisbane, who once served as a medical adviser to the former liberian president, charles taylor, was working as a consultant with the internal medicine unit at the country's largest hospital, the john f kennedy memorial medical center in monrovia. after falling ill, he was taken to a treatment centre on the outskirts of the capital, where he died, said tolbert, an assistant health the supervision of health workers, family members escorted the doctor's body to a burial location west of the city, said. he said another doctor who had been working in liberia's central bong county was being treated for ebola at the centre where brisbane died. the situation "is getting more and more scary," said. last week sierra top ebola doctor fell ill with the disease and in liberia, purse, a christian charity, announced at the weekend that an american doctor was infected. dr kent brantly had been isolated at the group's ebola treatment centre at the hospital in the liberian capital, monrovia. a second american, nancy writebol, later tested positive for the virus at the same medical compound, said ken isaacs, of purse. isaacs said writebol, who works with the allied aid group sim, was in a stable but serious condition at a hospital near monrovia. brantly received intensive treatment on sunday and was talking to his medical team and working on his computer, said melissa strickland, a spokeswoman for purse. "we are hopeful, but he is certainly not out of the woods yet," strickland said. in nigeria, officials announced on friday that a liberian official had died of ebola after flying from monrovia to lagos raising fears that other passengers could take the disease beyond africa. the who says the outbreak has also killed 319 people in guinea and 224 in sierra leone. liberia's president, ellen johnson sirleaf, used her independence day address to discuss a new taskforce to combat ebola. information minister, lewis brown, said: "it will go from community to community, from village to village, from town to town in order to increase awareness." there is no known cure for ebola, which begins with symptoms including fever and sore throat but then escalates to vomiting, diarrhoea and internal and external bleeding. experts believe the west african outbreak could have begun in january in guinea, though the first cases were not confirmed until march. since then, officials have tried to contain the disease by isolating victims and educating populations on how to avoid transmission, though porous borders, satellite outbreaks and widespread distrust of health workers have made the outbreak difficult to bring under control.

ˈdɑktər ˈsæmjul ˈbrɪzˌbeɪn bɪˈkəmz fərst ˈdɔktər ɪn wɛst ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈneɪʃən tɪ daɪ, ɛz ˈsɛkənd ˈjuˈɛs ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ˈwərkər ɪz ˌɪnˈfɛktɪd wən əv ˌlaɪˈbɪˌriəz moʊst ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl ˈdɑktərz həz daɪd əv iˈboʊlə, ə ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəl sɛd ɔn ˈsənˌdi, ənd ə ˈsɛkənd ˈjuˈɛs ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ˈwərkər həz bɪn ˌɪnˈfɛktɪd ɪn wət ðə wərld hɛlθ ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən (hu) ɪz ˈkɔlɪŋ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈaʊtˌbreɪk ˈɛvər rɪˈkɔrdɪd əv ðə dɪˈziz. ˈdɑktər ˈsæmjul ˈbrɪzˌbeɪn ɪz ðə fərst ˌlaɪˈbɪˌriən ˈdɔktər tɪ daɪ ɪn ən ˈaʊtˌbreɪk, wɪʧ ðə hu sɪz həz kɪld 129 ˈpipəl ɪn ðə wɛst ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈneɪʃən. ə ˌjuˈgɑndɑn ˈdɔktər ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkəntri daɪd ðɪs mənθ. ˈbrɪzˌbeɪn, hu wəns sərvd ɛz ə ˈmɛdɪkəl ædˈvaɪzər tɪ ðə ˈfɔrmər ˌlaɪˈbɪˌriən ˈprɛzɪdənt, ˈʧɑrəlz ˈteɪlər, wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ ɛz ə kənˈsəltənt wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈmɛdəsən ˈjunɪt æt ðə ˈkəntriz ˈlɑrʤəst ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, ðə ʤɑn ɛf ˈkɛnədi məˈmɔriəl ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsɛnər ɪn ˌmɑnˈroʊviə. ˈæftər ˈfɑlɪŋ ɪl, hi wɑz ˈteɪkən tɪ ə ˈtritmənt ˈsɛntər ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌskərts əv ðə ˈkæpɪtəl, wɛr hi daɪd, sɛd ˈtoʊlbərt, ən əˈsɪstənt hɛlθ ðə ˌsupərˈvɪʒən əv hɛlθ ˈwərkərz, ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz ɛˈskɔrtɪd ðə ˈdɑktərz ˈbɑdi tɪ ə ˈbɛriəl loʊˈkeɪʃən wɛst əv ðə ˈsɪti, sɛd. hi sɛd əˈnəðər ˈdɔktər hu hæd bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ˌlaɪˈbɪˌriəz ˈsɛntrəl bɑŋ ˈkaʊnti wɑz biɪŋ ˈtritɪd fər iˈboʊlə æt ðə ˈsɛntər wɛr ˈbrɪzˌbeɪn daɪd. ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən "ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ mɔr ənd mɔr ˈskɛri," sɛd. læst wik siˈɛrə tɔp iˈboʊlə ˈdɔktər fɛl ɪl wɪθ ðə dɪˈziz ənd ɪn ˌlaɪˈbɪˌriə, pərs, ə ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈʧɛrɪti, əˈnaʊnst æt ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd ðət ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈdɔktər wɑz ˌɪnˈfɛktɪd. ˈdɑktər kɛnt ˈbræntli hæd bɪn ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd æt ðə grups iˈboʊlə ˈtritmənt ˈsɛntər æt ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɪn ðə ˌlaɪˈbɪˌriən ˈkæpɪtəl, ˌmɑnˈroʊviə. ə ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛrɪkən, ˈnænsi writebol*, ˈleɪtər ˈtɛstɪd ˈpɑzətɪv fər ðə ˈvaɪrəs æt ðə seɪm ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈkɑmpaʊnd, sɛd kɛn ˈaɪzɪks, əv pərs. ˈaɪzɪks sɛd writebol*, hu wərks wɪθ ðə ˈæˌlaɪd eɪd grup sɪm, wɑz ɪn ə ˈsteɪbəl bət ˈsɪriəs kənˈdɪʃən æt ə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl nɪr ˌmɑnˈroʊviə. ˈbræntli rɪˈsivd ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv ˈtritmənt ɔn ˈsənˌdi ənd wɑz ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ hɪz ˈmɛdɪkəl tim ənd ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn hɪz kəmˈpjutər, sɛd məˈlɪsə ˈstrɪklənd, ə ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən fər pərs. "wi ər ˈhoʊpfəl, bət hi ɪz ˈsərtənli nɑt aʊt əv ðə wʊdz jɛt," ˈstrɪklənd sɛd. ɪn naɪˈʤɪriə, əˈfɪʃəlz əˈnaʊnst ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðət ə ˌlaɪˈbɪˌriən əˈfɪʃəl hæd daɪd əv iˈboʊlə ˈæftər flaɪɪŋ frəm ˌmɑnˈroʊviə tɪ ˈleɪgɔs ˈreɪzɪŋ fɪrz ðət ˈəðər ˈpæsənʤərz kʊd teɪk ðə dɪˈziz bɪɔnd ˈæfrɪkɑ. ðə hu sɪz ðə ˈaʊtˌbreɪk həz ˈɔlsoʊ kɪld 319 ˈpipəl ɪn ˈgɪni ənd 224 ɪn siˈɛrə liˈoʊn. ˌlaɪˈbɪˌriəz ˈprɛzɪdənt, ˈɛlən ˈʤɑnsən sirleaf*, juzd hər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns deɪ ˈæˌdrɛs tɪ dɪˈskəs ə nu ˈtæskˌfɔrs tɪ ˈkɑmbæt iˈboʊlə. ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈmɪnɪstər, luɪs braʊn, sɛd: "ɪt wɪl goʊ frəm kəmˈjunɪti tɪ kəmˈjunɪti, frəm ˈvɪlɪʤ tɪ ˈvɪlɪʤ, frəm taʊn tɪ taʊn ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˌɪnˈkris əˈwɛrnəs." ðɛr ɪz noʊ noʊn kjʊr fər iˈboʊlə, wɪʧ bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ˈsɪmptəmz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfivər ənd sɔr θroʊt bət ðɛn ˈɛskəˌleɪts tɪ ˈvɑmətɪŋ, ˌdaɪərˈiə ənd ˌɪnˈtərnəl ənd ɪkˈstərnəl ˈblidɪŋ. ˈɛkspərts bɪˈliv ðə wɛst ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈaʊtˌbreɪk kʊd hæv ˈbeɪgən ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri ɪn ˈgɪni, ðoʊ ðə fərst ˈkeɪsɪz wər nɑt kənˈfərmd ənˈtɪl mɑrʧ. sɪns ðɛn, əˈfɪʃəlz hæv traɪd tɪ kənˈteɪn ðə dɪˈziz baɪ ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪŋ ˈvɪktɪmz ənd ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ɔn haʊ tɪ əˈvɔɪd trænzˈmɪʃən, ðoʊ ˈpɔrəs ˈbɔrdərz, ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈaʊtˌbreɪks ənd ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd dɪˈstrəst əv hɛlθ ˈwərkərz hæv meɪd ðə ˈaʊtˌbreɪk ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ brɪŋ ˈəndər kənˈtroʊl.

greetings fellowians! today we wanted to present a development update on the progress of our early access road map, discuss the contents of our upcoming patch, and give some marketing updates as we prepare ourselves for launch. we will be releasing our next community competition tomorrow where you will be able to submit unique mob names and lore that we will tie into our new unique rare mob spawn mechanics described below. we are at a very exciting time in the development of darkfall: rise of as we get closer to our official launch, and all of us at big picture games look forward to the coming months. without further ado, let's get into it! marketing update: playthrough convention the marketing team has been gearing up for the upcoming gaming convention that brad and michael will be attending this weekend in raleigh, north carolina. there have been many things we have been working on from banners and fliers to even some giveaways for those who stop by and say hello. this will be the first time that we publicly show off darkfall: rise of and we cannot wait to talk about the project and what we have in store for the upcoming launch. speaking of launch, our official launch date will be announced at the convention on saturday. we hope to get to meet some of you in our community and invite everyone on saturday to join us at the crank arm brewing company at p.m. est only a block away! lighting the fuse we want to ensure that when the game launches we can provide our players with as many friends and enemies to fight alongside with as possible. in the coming weeks we will be starting our external marketing campaigns that we have been planning internally and will not be letting up until we officially launch. we also have some things planned where you in our community can lend a helping hand to us in this endeavor. stay tuned for more information as this train is about to leave the station. next patch update the development team is currently working on our next early access patch which is currently scheduled to land at the end of february or beginning of march. this next patch will focus primarily on our new spawn mechanics and the other changes listed below. champion spawn mechanics in the next patch we will be implementing our champion spawn mechanics. this is a new system that changes the way certain mob spawns will function and provides a way for players to test their mettle against waves of enemies. this is the way that the system will work: upon entering a champion spawn the player will notice a new at the top of their screen where they can choose to begin the spawn mechanics players must kill a certain number of mobs within the allotted time to clear that wave of monsters and move onto the next stage players that fail to complete the wave in time will have the spawn reset to the beginning of the challenge the first wave will consist of numerous monsters of lower difficult, and each wave afterwards will add in new threats and challenges the final stage will consist of a named champion spawn with stronger attributes and a better reward, although they will be guarded by a set number of minions as well for the initial iteration we will have these mechanics on a few mob spawns, but plan to add more throughout early access and after launch. the loot tables will be getting an overhaul as well once we begin to implement our unique recipes and rare items to the game. named unique rare mobs we also will be implementing the mechanics for our new named unique rare mobs. although we may only get a few in with the next patch, our upcoming community competition will provide you with the opportunity to create some of the additions we will add throughout early access. once the mechanics go into the game, it becomes much easier for us to add to this system and continuously implement new unique mobs. these mobs will be named, have stronger attributes as well as better loot tables, and will have a rare chance to spawn at certain mob locations. eventually we plan to implement to these new monsters where players can unlock the lore of each one in the game. as with champion spawns, we plan to add new unique items to these mob's loot tables at a later date. respawn scaling another mechanic coming with this patch is our first iteration of scaling. this will eventually be applied to all new player spawns to help with spawn rates for players who can clear spawns quickly. the faster that you kill mobs, the faster that they will spawn, as well as potentially increase the amount of spawns that occur. this is not dependent on how many people are present at the spawn, rather how efficient you are at clearing the spawn itself. decreasing tedium in gearing there are multiple changes coming with this patch to how you can gear and in the game. the following is a list of what to expect: one button on the to completely yourself faster equipping of armor ability to queue up armor pieces to equip by double clicking on multiple pieces cooking update we have completed our initial overhaul of the cooking profession and have added around 20 new cooking recipes, as well as many new ingredients. mana regeneration is also now a benefit that can be found on some food, along with some other benefits. other changes there are some more changes coming with the patch such as new system messages for skins that do not produce items, changes to digging, ownership changes, and a new staff seen below. road map update task system and we are finalizing the list of tasks and actions that new players will beded through for initialdance. there is a lot of work required in order to get the task system implemented, as it needs new tracking of mechanics and a brand new, along with the flexibility to expand it past the new playerdance. this system is currently being designed, along with some changes we can make outside of it to help ease new player experience (such as spawning in action mode instead of mode). wilderness portals our artist demo has been creating some new assets for our upcoming wilderness portal network. we are currently planning to have over 100 portal locations throughout the lands that will be providing one-way travel throughout the world of. we have been working through some issues with placement of these new assets but are on schedule to have the system implemented for launch. here are a few of some of the new wilderness portals that have been created: deployable player vendors the developers have begun working on the mechanics of the deployable vendors, but the brunt of the work on the coding side still needs to be accomplished. this system is still planned to be implemented for launch, but is not planned for the upcoming patch or the one thereafter. in the meantime our artist adam has put together the initial draft of the art asset which you can see below: crafting updates after this patch we will have gone through the initial crafting changes of most of the professions in the game. we will be focusing on some of the combat updates that we want to work on after the game launches, and part of that will tie into the professions of armorsmithing, tailoring and shieldcrafting. for this reason we will be holding off on making our changes to these professions until we can tie them into the changes we plan to focus on after launch. economy updates we are currently going through a pretty massive overhaul of the economy, focusing on resource sinks and faucets as well as loot tables and resource locale. this will be a task that we will be working on all throughout early access to ensure that we can have a good starting point for the economy when we launch. these changes, along with our persistence changes and monitoring tools we have implemented, will provide us with more insight and control of the economy. it is imperative to have a strong balance of risk vs reward when this game goes live, as that is one of the pillars of this game. thanks for reading and stay tuned for our upcoming community competition! join us for the discussion! sincerely, - the team at big picture games

ˈgritɪŋz ˈfɛloʊ agonians*! təˈdeɪ wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈprɛzənt ə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈəpˌdeɪt ɔn ðə ˈprɑˌgrɛs əv ɑr ˈərli ˈækˌsɛs roʊd mæp, dɪˈskəs ðə ˈkɑntɛnts əv ɑr ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ pæʧ, ənd gɪv səm ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ˈəpˌdeɪts ɛz wi priˈpɛr ɑrˈsɛlvz fər lɔnʧ. wi wɪl bi riˈlisɪŋ ɑr nɛkst kəmˈjunɪti ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən təˈmɑˌroʊ wɛr ju wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ səbˈmɪt juˈnik mɑb neɪmz ənd lɔr ðət wi wɪl taɪ ˈɪntu ɑr nu juˈnik rɛr mɑb spɔn məˈkænɪks dɪˈskraɪbd bɪˈloʊ. wi ər æt ə ˈvɛri ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ taɪm ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv darkfall*: raɪz əv ɛz wi gɪt ˈkloʊzər tɪ ɑr əˈfɪʃəl lɔnʧ, ənd ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs æt bɪg ˈpɪkʧər geɪmz lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ðə ˈkəmɪŋ mənθs. wɪˈθaʊt ˈfərðər əˈdu, lɛts gɪt ˈɪntu ɪt! ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ˈəpˌdeɪt: kənˈvɛnʃən ðə ˈmɑrkətɪŋ tim həz bɪn ˈgɪrɪŋ əp fər ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈgeɪmɪŋ kənˈvɛnʃən ðət bræd ənd ˈmaɪkəl wɪl bi əˈtɛndɪŋ ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd ɪn ˈrɔli, nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə. ðɛr hæv bɪn ˈmɛni θɪŋz wi hæv bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn frəm ˈbænərz ənd flaɪərz tɪ ˈivɪn səm ˈgɪvəˌweɪz fər ðoʊz hu stɑp baɪ ənd seɪ hɛˈloʊ. ðɪs wɪl bi ðə fərst taɪm ðət wi ˈpəblɪkli ʃoʊ ɔf darkfall*: raɪz əv ənd wi ˈkænɑt weɪt tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ənd wət wi hæv ɪn stɔr fər ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ lɔnʧ. ˈspikɪŋ əv lɔnʧ, ɑr əˈfɪʃəl lɔnʧ deɪt wɪl bi əˈnaʊnst æt ðə kənˈvɛnʃən ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. wi hoʊp tɪ gɪt tɪ mit səm əv ju ɪn ɑr kəmˈjunɪti ənd ˌɪnˈvaɪt ˈɛvriˌwən ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ tɪ ʤɔɪn ˈjuˈɛs æt ðə kræŋk ɑrm bruɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni æt p.m*. ɛst ˈoʊnli ə blɑk əˈweɪ! ˈlaɪtɪŋ ðə fjuz wi wɔnt tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət wɪn ðə geɪm ˈlɔnʧɪz wi kən prəˈvaɪd ɑr pleɪərz wɪθ ɛz ˈmɛni frɛndz ənd ˈɛnəmiz tɪ faɪt əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd wɪθ ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ wiks wi wɪl bi ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɑr ɪkˈstərnəl ˈmɑrkətɪŋ kæmˈpeɪnz ðət wi hæv bɪn ˈplænɪŋ ˌɪnˈtərnəli ənd wɪl nɑt bi ˈlɛtɪŋ əp ənˈtɪl wi əˈfɪʃəli lɔnʧ. wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv səm θɪŋz plænd wɛr ju ɪn ɑr kəmˈjunɪti kən lɛnd ə ˈhɛlpɪŋ hænd tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðɪs ɪnˈdɛvər. steɪ tund fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɛz ðɪs treɪn ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ liv ðə ˈsteɪʃən. nɛkst pæʧ ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt tim ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ɑr nɛkst ˈərli ˈækˌsɛs pæʧ wɪʧ ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ lænd æt ðə ɛnd əv ˈfɛbruˌɛri ər bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv mɑrʧ. ðɪs nɛkst pæʧ wɪl ˈfoʊkɪs praɪˈmɛrəli ɔn ɑr nu spɔn məˈkænɪks ənd ðə ˈəðər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈlɪstɪd bɪˈloʊ. ˈʧæmpiən spɔn məˈkænɪks ɪn ðə nɛkst pæʧ wi wɪl bi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ɑr ˈʧæmpiən spɔn məˈkænɪks. ðɪs ɪz ə nu ˈsɪstəm ðət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðə weɪ ˈsərtən mɑb spɔnz wɪl ˈfəŋkʃən ənd prəˈvaɪdz ə weɪ fər pleɪərz tɪ tɛst ðɛr ˈmɛtəl əˈgɛnst weɪvz əv ˈɛnəmiz. ðɪs ɪz ðə weɪ ðət ðə ˈsɪstəm wɪl wərk: əˈpɑn ˈɛnərɪŋ ə ˈʧæmpiən spɔn ðə pleɪər wɪl ˈnoʊtɪs ə nu æt ðə tɔp əv ðɛr skrin wɛr ðeɪ kən ʧuz tɪ bɪˈgɪn ðə spɔn məˈkænɪks pleɪərz məst kɪl ə ˈsərtən ˈnəmbər əv mɑbz wɪˈθɪn ðə əˈlɑtɪd taɪm tɪ klɪr ðət weɪv əv ˈmɑnstərz ənd muv ˈɔntu ðə nɛkst steɪʤ pleɪərz ðət feɪl tɪ kəmˈplit ðə weɪv ɪn taɪm wɪl hæv ðə spɔn ˈrisɛt tɪ ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈʧælənʤ ðə fərst weɪv wɪl kənˈsɪst əv ˈnumərəs ˈmɑnstərz əv loʊər ˈdɪfəkəlt, ənd iʧ weɪv ˈæftərwərdz wɪl æd ɪn nu θrɛts ənd ˈʧælənʤɪz ðə ˈfaɪnəl steɪʤ wɪl kənˈsɪst əv ə neɪmd ˈʧæmpiən spɔn wɪθ ˈstrɔŋgər əˈtrɪˌbjuts ənd ə ˈbɛtər rɪˈwɔrd, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðeɪ wɪl bi ˈgɑrdɪd baɪ ə sɛt ˈnəmbər əv ˈmɪnjənz ɛz wɛl fər ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən wi wɪl hæv ðiz məˈkænɪks ɔn ə fju mɑb spɔnz, bət plæn tɪ æd mɔr θruaʊt ˈərli ˈækˌsɛs ənd ˈæftər lɔnʧ. ðə lut ˈteɪbəlz wɪl bi ˈgɪtɪŋ ən ˈoʊvərˌhɔl ɛz wɛl wəns wi bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ɑr juˈnik ˈrɛsəpiz ənd rɛr ˈaɪtəmz tɪ ðə geɪm. neɪmd juˈnik rɛr mɑbz wi ˈɔlsoʊ wɪl bi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ðə məˈkænɪks fər ɑr nu neɪmd juˈnik rɛr mɑbz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi meɪ ˈoʊnli gɪt ə fju ɪn wɪθ ðə nɛkst pæʧ, ɑr ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ kəmˈjunɪti ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən wɪl prəˈvaɪd ju wɪθ ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ kriˈeɪt səm əv ðə əˈdɪʃənz wi wɪl æd θruaʊt ˈərli ˈækˌsɛs. wəns ðə məˈkænɪks goʊ ˈɪntu ðə geɪm, ɪt bɪˈkəmz məʧ ˈiziər fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ æd tɪ ðɪs ˈsɪstəm ənd kənˈtɪnjuəsli ˈɪmpləmənt nu juˈnik mɑbz. ðiz mɑbz wɪl bi neɪmd, hæv ˈstrɔŋgər əˈtrɪˌbjuts ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈbɛtər lut ˈteɪbəlz, ənd wɪl hæv ə rɛr ʧæns tɪ spɔn æt ˈsərtən mɑb loʊˈkeɪʃənz. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli wi plæn tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt tɪ ðiz nu ˈmɑnstərz wɛr pleɪərz kən ənˈlɑk ðə lɔr əv iʧ wən ɪn ðə geɪm. ɛz wɪθ ˈʧæmpiən spɔnz, wi plæn tɪ æd nu juˈnik ˈaɪtəmz tɪ ðiz mɑbz lut ˈteɪbəlz æt ə ˈleɪtər deɪt. ˈskeɪlɪŋ əˈnəðər mɪˈkænɪk ˈkəmɪŋ wɪθ ðɪs pæʧ ɪz ɑr fərst ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən əv ˈskeɪlɪŋ. ðɪs wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli bi əˈplaɪd tɪ ɔl nu pleɪər spɔnz tɪ hɛlp wɪθ spɔn reɪts fər pleɪərz hu kən klɪr spɔnz kˈwɪkli. ðə ˈfæstər ðət ju kɪl mɑbz, ðə ˈfæstər ðət ðeɪ wɪl spɔn, ɛz wɛl ɛz pəˈtɛnʃəli ˌɪnˈkris ðə əˈmaʊnt əv spɔnz ðət əˈkər. ðɪs ɪz nɑt dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ər ˈprɛzənt æt ðə spɔn, ˈrəðər haʊ ɪˈfɪʃənt ju ər æt ˈklɪrɪŋ ðə spɔn ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈtidiəm ɪn ˈgɪrɪŋ ðɛr ər ˈməltəpəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈkəmɪŋ wɪθ ðɪs pæʧ tɪ haʊ ju kən gɪr ənd ɪn ðə geɪm. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ə lɪst əv wət tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt: wən ˈbətən ɔn ðə tɪ kəmˈplitli ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈfæstər ɪkˈwɪpɪŋ əv ˈɑrmər əˈbɪləˌti tɪ kju əp ˈɑrmər ˈpisɪz tɪ ɪkˈwɪp baɪ ˈdəbəl ˈklɪkɪŋ ɔn ˈməltəpəl ˈpisɪz ˈkʊkɪŋ ˈəpˌdeɪt wi hæv kəmˈplitɪd ɑr ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈoʊvərˌhɔl əv ðə ˈkʊkɪŋ prəˈfɛʃən ənd hæv ˈædɪd əraʊnd 20 nu ˈkʊkɪŋ ˈrɛsəpiz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈmɛni nu ˌɪnˈgridiənts. ˈmɑnə riˈʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ naʊ ə ˈbɛnəfɪt ðət kən bi faʊnd ɔn səm fud, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ səm ˈəðər ˈbɛnəfɪts. ˈəðər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðɛr ər səm mɔr ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈkəmɪŋ wɪθ ðə pæʧ səʧ ɛz nu ˈsɪstəm ˈmɛsɪʤɪz fər skɪnz ðət du nɑt ˈproʊdus ˈaɪtəmz, ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ˈdɪgɪŋ, ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, ənd ə nu stæf sin bɪˈloʊ. roʊd mæp ˈəpˌdeɪt tæsk ˈsɪstəm ənd wi ər ˈfaɪnəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðə lɪst əv tæsks ənd ˈækʃənz ðət nu pleɪərz wɪl bi ˈgaɪdɪd θru fər ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈgaɪdəns. ðɛr ɪz ə lɔt əv wərk rikˈwaɪərd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ gɪt ðə tæsk ˈsɪstəm ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd, ɛz ɪt nidz nu ˈtrækɪŋ əv məˈkænɪks ənd ə brænd nu, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti tɪ ɪkˈspænd ɪt pæst ðə nu pleɪər ˈgaɪdəns. ðɪs ˈsɪstəm ɪz ˈkərəntli biɪŋ dɪˈzaɪnd, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ səm ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wi kən meɪk ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ɪt tɪ hɛlp iz nu pleɪər ɪkˈspɪriəns (səʧ ɛz ˈspɔnɪŋ ɪn ˈækʃən moʊd ˌɪnˈstɛd əv moʊd). ˈwɪldərnəs ˈpɔrtəlz ɑr ˈɑrtɪst ˈdɛmoʊ həz bɪn kriˈeɪtɪŋ səm nu ˈæˌsɛts fər ɑr ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈwɪldərnəs ˈpɔrtəl ˈnɛtˌwərk. wi ər ˈkərəntli ˈplænɪŋ tɪ hæv ˈoʊvər 100 ˈpɔrtəl loʊˈkeɪʃənz θruaʊt ðə lændz ðət wɪl bi prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈwənˈweɪ ˈtrævəl θruaʊt ðə wərld əv. wi hæv bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ θru səm ˈɪʃuz wɪθ ˈpleɪsmənt əv ðiz nu ˈæˌsɛts bət ər ɔn ˈskɛʤʊl tɪ hæv ðə ˈsɪstəm ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd fər lɔnʧ. hir ər ə fju əv səm əv ðə nu ˈwɪldərnəs ˈpɔrtəlz ðət hæv bɪn kriˈeɪtɪd: dɪˈplɔɪəbəl pleɪər ˈvɛndərz ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz hæv ˈbeɪgən ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə məˈkænɪks əv ðə dɪˈplɔɪəbəl ˈvɛndərz, bət ðə brənt əv ðə wərk ɔn ðə ˈkoʊdɪŋ saɪd stɪl nidz tɪ bi əˈkɑmplɪʃt. ðɪs ˈsɪstəm ɪz stɪl plænd tɪ bi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd fər lɔnʧ, bət ɪz nɑt plænd fər ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ pæʧ ər ðə wən ðɛˈræftər. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm ɑr ˈɑrtɪst ˈædəm həz pʊt təˈgɛðər ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl dræft əv ðə ɑrt ˈæˌsɛt wɪʧ ju kən si bɪˈloʊ: ˈkræftɪŋ ˈəpˌdeɪts ˈæftər ðɪs pæʧ wi wɪl hæv gɔn θru ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈkræftɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əv moʊst əv ðə prəˈfɛʃənz ɪn ðə geɪm. wi wɪl bi ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn səm əv ðə ˈkɑmbæt ˈəpˌdeɪts ðət wi wɔnt tɪ wərk ɔn ˈæftər ðə geɪm ˈlɔnʧɪz, ənd pɑrt əv ðət wɪl taɪ ˈɪntu ðə prəˈfɛʃənz əv armorsmithing*, ˈteɪlərɪŋ ənd shieldcrafting*. fər ðɪs ˈrizən wi wɪl bi ˈhoʊldɪŋ ɔf ɔn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɑr ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðiz prəˈfɛʃənz ənˈtɪl wi kən taɪ ðɛm ˈɪntu ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wi plæn tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈæftər lɔnʧ. ɪˈkɑnəmi ˈəpˌdeɪts wi ər ˈkərəntli goʊɪŋ θru ə ˈprɪti ˈmæsɪv ˈoʊvərˌhɔl əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˈrisɔrs sɪŋks ənd ˈfɔsəts ɛz wɛl ɛz lut ˈteɪbəlz ənd ˈrisɔrs loʊˈkæl. ðɪs wɪl bi ə tæsk ðət wi wɪl bi ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ɔl θruaʊt ˈərli ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət wi kən hæv ə gʊd ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi wɪn wi lɔnʧ. ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ɑr pərˈsɪstəns ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ənd ˈmɑnətərɪŋ tulz wi hæv ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd, wɪl prəˈvaɪd ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ mɔr ˈɪnˌsaɪt ənd kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɛrətɪv tɪ hæv ə strɔŋ ˈbæləns əv rɪsk ˈvərsəz rɪˈwɔrd wɪn ðɪs geɪm goʊz lɪv, ɛz ðət ɪz wən əv ðə ˈpɪlərz əv ðɪs geɪm. θæŋks fər ˈrɛdɪŋ ənd steɪ tund fər ɑr ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ kəmˈjunɪti ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən! ʤɔɪn ˈjuˈɛs fər ðə dɪˈskəʃən! sɪnˈsɪrli, ðə tim æt bɪg ˈpɪkʧər geɪmz

for much of his life, former south carolina defensive back andre goodman had a purpose to blanket wide receivers and make tackles and interceptions. now the nfl veteran, who will be introduced as part of the 2015 sec football legends class in december, has a different purpose as the gamecocks' director of football development. "my job has a lot to do with grooming players for life after football and helping them transition from high school to college, and then from college to the real world," goodman said. "we talk a lot about career development, job placement, time management and balancing your personal life with school, academics and your profession. we want the (student-athletes) to maintain that sense of balance once they leave the playing arena and enter into the real world." goodman played cornerback for south carolina from. he earned honors by the league's coaches as a senior and was named to the sec academic honor roll during his career. he was selected in the third round of the 2002 nfl draft by the detroit lions, and also played with the miami dolphins and denver broncos during his decade in the nfl. now in his fourth year on the job with his alma mater, goodman knows that a professional playing career is short, and that mosts won't be playing professional football. "managing expectations and helpings remain realistic is key," goodman said. "it is tough, even if they do make it to the pros. they have to be realistic because it's a violent sport, and it doesn't take much to go from playing to not playing in the matter of just one play. helping them become realistic is the toughest challenge, but i wouldn't have it any other way. i'm not here to kill their dreams. i'm here to give them tools and resources to help them transition." as he focuses on activities of thes and serving as an important resource in balancing the demands of academics, athletics, community outreach, and their personal lives in their transition in and out of college athletics, goodman noted that one of the most important factors for being successful in his role is trust. "when they can actually sit down and have a conversation outside the game of football that they normally wouldn't have with someone else, it means a lot," goodman said. "it can be tough for some of them to talk about personal issues, so anytime they can trust you enough to open up, that trust is probably the most gratifying thing. if they can see my sincerity so that they can open up to me and trust the reason why i am here, which is solely to help them, then i feel like i'm doing what i should be doing." it's so easy and natural for athletes to overcome adversity, but handling prosperity can be a lot tougher. andre goodman goodman understands the difficulty in making transitions from personal experience, and he wants thes to know that he's been there. "you want to be great at everything you do, but you don't realize how tough it is," goodman said. "staying centered and keeping a mental balance is always the toughest part. since i retired (from the nfl), it's a daily challenge because my intensity and my energy are still at the nfl level, but the world doesn't move as fast. the nfl is daily evaluations and competition. we can use that in the real world, but we don't get up with that same intensity every day. it's hard because if i ever feel like i can't be great today, then i feel like i'm wasting my day." goodman saw highs and lows during his gamecock career, which included a record during his first two seasons, followed by back outback bowl victories in his last two years. "it's so easy and natural for athletes to overcome adversity," goodman said. "but handling prosperity can be a lot tougher because when you feel like you have ‘arrived,' what keeps that fire burning inside of you? not becoming apathetic is tough. i try to relate it in football terms to the guys because it is all about life after football. "whatever your goals may be, once you get there, if you don't set another goal then you're really just going through the motions. that's not what the journey is about. the journey is where the energy should be; not the destination. the journey is endless." among the best memories of his playing days at south carolina are beating ranked georgia in 2000 and a victory over rival clemson as a senior in 2001. goodman will represent south carolina as part of the 2015 sec football legends class, which includes 14 former stars who excelled on the gridiron and helped write the rich history of the sport at their respective institutions. "it takes a lot to get me excited, but i am very excited," goodman said about being named to the legends class. "i've never been big on accolades, but any time someone appreciates your efforts, it's always rewarding. i don't need a lot of fanfare, but this feels like a nice ribbon on my career. i'm very humbled and appreciative. it means a lot." always thinking ahead, goodman looks to apply this honor to his work with currents. "any bit of credibility you can get with these kids, so i can gain trust with them and have conversations with them, gives me purpose," goodman said. "my life now is all about purpose" the legends class will be honored at the 2015 sec football "weekend of champions" december in atlanta, ga. the annual sec legends dinner presented by will be held december 4 at the hyatt regency in atlanta, and the group will also be recognized prior to the sec football championship game, which will be held at the georgia dome on saturday, december 5. goodman and his wife, shana, have four children, fabian, andre, kennedy and mason.

fər məʧ əv hɪz laɪf, ˈfɔrmər saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə dɪˈfɛnsɪv bæk ˈɑnˌdreɪ ˈgʊdmən hæd ə ˈpərpəs tɪ ˈblæŋkɪt waɪd rɪˈsivərz ənd meɪk ˈtækəlz ənd ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃənz. naʊ ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈvɛtərən, hu wɪl bi ˌɪntrəˈdust ɛz pɑrt əv ðə 2015 sɛk ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈlɛʤəndz klæs ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər, həz ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈpərpəs ɛz ðə ˈgeɪmˌkɔks' dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈfʊtˌbɔl dɪˈvɛləpmənt. "maɪ ʤɑb həz ə lɔt tɪ du wɪθ ˈgrumɪŋ pleɪərz fər laɪf ˈæftər ˈfʊtˌbɔl ənd ˈhɛlpɪŋ ðɛm trænˈzɪʃən frəm haɪ skul tɪ ˈkɑlɪʤ, ənd ðɛn frəm ˈkɑlɪʤ tɪ ðə ril wərld," ˈgʊdmən sɛd. "wi tɔk ə lɔt əˈbaʊt kərɪr dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ʤɑb ˈpleɪsmənt, taɪm ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd ˈbælənsɪŋ jʊr ˈpərsɪnəl laɪf wɪθ skul, ˌækəˈdɛmɪks ənd jʊr prəˈfɛʃən. wi wɔnt ðə (student-athletes*) tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðət sɛns əv ˈbæləns wəns ðeɪ liv ðə pleɪɪŋ ərˈinə ənd ˈɛnər ˈɪntu ðə ril wərld." ˈgʊdmən pleɪd ˈkɔrnərˌbæk fər saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə frəm hi ərnd ˈɑnərz baɪ ðə ligz ˈkoʊʧɪz ɛz ə ˈsinjər ənd wɑz neɪmd tɪ ðə sɛk ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈɑnər roʊl ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz kərɪr. hi wɑz səˈlɛktɪd ɪn ðə θərd raʊnd əv ðə 2002 ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl dræft baɪ ðə ˈdiˌtrɔɪt laɪənz, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪd wɪθ ðə maɪˈæmi ˈdɑlfənz ənd ˈdɛnvər ˈbrɑŋkoʊz ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈdɛkeɪd ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl. naʊ ɪn hɪz fɔrθ jɪr ɔn ðə ʤɑb wɪθ hɪz ˈɑlmə ˈmɑtər, ˈgʊdmən noʊz ðət ə prəˈfɛʃənəl pleɪɪŋ kərɪr ɪz ʃɔrt, ənd ðət moʊst woʊnt bi pleɪɪŋ prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈfʊtˌbɔl. "ˈmænəʤɪŋ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ənd ˈhɛlpɪŋ rɪˈmeɪn ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ɪz ki," ˈgʊdmən sɛd. "ɪt ɪz təf, ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ du meɪk ɪt tɪ ðə proʊz. ðeɪ hæv tɪ bi ˌriəˈlɪstɪk bɪˈkəz ɪts ə ˈvaɪələnt spɔrt, ənd ɪt ˈdəzənt teɪk məʧ tɪ goʊ frəm pleɪɪŋ tɪ nɑt pleɪɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈmætər əv ʤɪst wən pleɪ. ˈhɛlpɪŋ ðɛm bɪˈkəm ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ɪz ðə ˈtəfəst ˈʧælənʤ, bət aɪ ˈwʊdənt hæv ɪt ˈɛni ˈəðər weɪ. əm nɑt hir tɪ kɪl ðɛr drimz. əm hir tɪ gɪv ðɛm tulz ənd ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ hɛlp ðɛm trænˈzɪʃən." ɛz hi ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ækˈtɪvɪtiz əv ðə ənd ˈsərvɪŋ ɛz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈrisɔrs ɪn ˈbælənsɪŋ ðə dɪˈmændz əv ˌækəˈdɛmɪks, æθˈlɛtɪks, kəmˈjunɪti ˈaʊˌtriʧ, ənd ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl lɪvz ɪn ðɛr trænˈzɪʃən ɪn ənd aʊt əv ˈkɑlɪʤ æθˈlɛtɪks, ˈgʊdmən ˈnoʊtɪd ðət wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfæktərz fər biɪŋ səkˈsɛsfəl ɪn hɪz roʊl ɪz trəst. "wɪn ðeɪ kən ˈæˌkʧuəli sɪt daʊn ənd hæv ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə geɪm əv ˈfʊtˌbɔl ðət ðeɪ ˈnɔrməli ˈwʊdənt hæv wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən ɛls, ɪt minz ə lɔt," ˈgʊdmən sɛd. "ɪt kən bi təf fər səm əv ðɛm tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈpərsɪnəl ˈɪʃuz, soʊ ˈɛniˌtaɪm ðeɪ kən trəst ju ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈoʊpən əp, ðət trəst ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə moʊst ˈgrætəˌfaɪɪŋ θɪŋ. ɪf ðeɪ kən si maɪ sɪnˈsɛrəti soʊ ðət ðeɪ kən ˈoʊpən əp tɪ mi ənd trəst ðə ˈrizən waɪ aɪ æm hir, wɪʧ ɪz ˈsoʊəli tɪ hɛlp ðɛm, ðɛn aɪ fil laɪk əm duɪŋ wət aɪ ʃʊd bi duɪŋ." ɪts soʊ ˈizi ənd ˈnæʧərəl fər ˈæθˌlits tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ædˈvərsɪˌti, bət ˈhændəlɪŋ prɑˈspɛrəti kən bi ə lɔt ˈtəfər. ˈɑnˌdreɪ ˈgʊdmən ˈgʊdmən ˌəndərˈstændz ðə ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ trænˈzɪʃənz frəm ˈpərsɪnəl ɪkˈspɪriəns, ənd hi wɔnts ðə tɪ noʊ ðət hiz bɪn ðɛr. "ju wɔnt tɪ bi greɪt æt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ju du, bət ju doʊnt ˈriəˌlaɪz haʊ təf ɪt ɪz," ˈgʊdmən sɛd. "steɪɪŋ ˈsɛntərd ənd ˈkipɪŋ ə ˈmɛntəl ˈbæləns ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə ˈtəfəst pɑrt. sɪns aɪ rɪˈtaɪrd (frəm ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl), ɪts ə ˈdeɪli ˈʧælənʤ bɪˈkəz maɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti ənd maɪ ˈɛnərʤi ər stɪl æt ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈlɛvəl, bət ðə wərld ˈdəzənt muv ɛz fæst. ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ɪz ˈdeɪli ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃənz ənd ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. wi kən juz ðət ɪn ðə ril wərld, bət wi doʊnt gɪt əp wɪθ ðət seɪm ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti ˈɛvəri deɪ. ɪts hɑrd bɪˈkəz ɪf aɪ ˈɛvər fil laɪk aɪ kænt bi greɪt təˈdeɪ, ðɛn aɪ fil laɪk əm ˈweɪstɪŋ maɪ deɪ." ˈgʊdmən sɔ haɪz ənd loʊz ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈgeɪmˌkɔk kərɪr, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə ˈrɛkərd ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz fərst tu ˈsizənz, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ bæk ˈaʊtˌbæk boʊl ˈvɪktəriz ɪn hɪz læst tu jɪrz. "ɪts soʊ ˈizi ənd ˈnæʧərəl fər ˈæθˌlits tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ædˈvərsɪˌti," ˈgʊdmən sɛd. "bət ˈhændəlɪŋ prɑˈspɛrəti kən bi ə lɔt ˈtəfər bɪˈkəz wɪn ju fil laɪk ju hæv ‘‘arrived*,' wət kips ðət faɪər ˈbərnɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd əv ju? nɑt bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˌæpəˈθɛtɪk ɪz təf. aɪ traɪ tɪ rɪˈleɪt ɪt ɪn ˈfʊtˌbɔl tərmz tɪ ðə gaɪz bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt laɪf ˈæftər ˈfʊtˌbɔl. "ˌwəˈtɛvər jʊr goʊlz meɪ bi, wəns ju gɪt ðɛr, ɪf ju doʊnt sɛt əˈnəðər goʊl ðɛn jʊr ˈrɪli ʤɪst goʊɪŋ θru ðə ˈmoʊʃənz. ðæts nɑt wət ðə ˈʤərni ɪz əˈbaʊt. ðə ˈʤərni ɪz wɛr ðə ˈɛnərʤi ʃʊd bi; nɑt ðə ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən. ðə ˈʤərni ɪz ˈɛndləs." əˈməŋ ðə bɛst ˈmɛməriz əv hɪz pleɪɪŋ deɪz æt saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ər ˈbitɪŋ ræŋkt ˈʤɔrʤə ɪn 2000 ənd ə ˈvɪktəri ˈoʊvər ˈraɪvəl ˈklɛmsən ɛz ə ˈsinjər ɪn 2001 ˈgʊdmən wɪl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ɛz pɑrt əv ðə 2015 sɛk ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈlɛʤəndz klæs, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz 14 ˈfɔrmər stɑrz hu ɪkˈsɛld ɔn ðə ˈgrɪˌdaɪərn ənd hɛlpt raɪt ðə rɪʧ ˈhɪstəri əv ðə spɔrt æt ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz. "ɪt teɪks ə lɔt tɪ gɪt mi ɪkˈsaɪtɪd, bət aɪ æm ˈvɛri ɪkˈsaɪtɪd," ˈgʊdmən sɛd əˈbaʊt biɪŋ neɪmd tɪ ðə ˈlɛʤəndz klæs. "aɪv ˈnɛvər bɪn bɪg ɔn ˈækəˌleɪdz, bət ˈɛni taɪm ˈsəmˌwən əˈpriʃiˌeɪts jʊr ˈɛfərts, ɪts ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ. aɪ doʊnt nid ə lɔt əv ˈfænˌfɛr, bət ðɪs filz laɪk ə nis ˈrɪbən ɔn maɪ kərɪr. əm ˈvɛri ˈhəmbəld ənd əˈpriʃjətɪv. ɪt minz ə lɔt." ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈhɛd, ˈgʊdmən lʊks tɪ əˈplaɪ ðɪs ˈɑnər tɪ hɪz wərk wɪθ ˈkɑrənt. "ˈɛni bɪt əv ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti ju kən gɪt wɪθ ðiz kɪdz, soʊ aɪ kən geɪn trəst wɪθ ðɛm ənd hæv ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz wɪθ ðɛm, gɪvz mi ˈpərpəs," ˈgʊdmən sɛd. "maɪ laɪf naʊ ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈpərpəs" ðə ˈlɛʤəndz klæs wɪl bi ˈɑnərd æt ðə 2015 sɛk ˈfʊtˌbɔl "ˈwiˌkɪnd əv ˈʧæmpiənz" dɪˈsɛmbər ɪn æˈtlæntə, ˈʤɔrʤə. ðə ˈænjuəl sɛk ˈlɛʤəndz ˈdɪnər pərˈzɛnəd baɪ wɪl bi hɛld dɪˈsɛmbər 4 æt ðə haɪət ˈriʤənsi ɪn æˈtlæntə, ənd ðə grup wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd praɪər tɪ ðə sɛk ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp geɪm, wɪʧ wɪl bi hɛld æt ðə ˈʤɔrʤə doʊm ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, dɪˈsɛmbər 5 ˈgʊdmən ənd hɪz waɪf, ˈʃænə, hæv fɔr ˈʧɪldrən, ˈfeɪbiən, ˈɑnˌdreɪ, ˈkɛnədi ənd ˈmeɪsən.

tata group boss tata launches the purifier the indian industrial conglomerate tata group has launched a new low-cost water purifier, aimed at households in rural areas. the tata 'swach' purifier is less than one metre tall, and does not need running water or electricity to work. the firm is hoping to the business of providing clean water, a lack of which affects almost one billion people globally. tata says the device is the result of a decade of research and development. the tata group includes india's largest carmaker tata motors, and also has interests in steelmaking, it, and chemicals. major hurdle its water device - named after the hindi word for clean - will cost under rupees ($21.50;), according to one indian report. this is opening up a complete new market tata chemicals' boss r. water shortages forge huge market according to the latest indian government survey of rural wages, in, daily pay in rural areas can range from about 45 rupees a day for herd-keeping, to about 110 rupees a day for well digging. the uses ash from rice milling to filter out bacteria, and also uses tiny silver particles to kill harmful germs that can lead to diseases like diarrhoea, cholera and typhoid. the health consequences of poor water quality are enormous for developing countries like india, with millions of people affected. trying to provide safe drinking water for them has cost the government billions of rupees, but it continues to be a major hurdle.

ˈtɑtɑ grup bɔs ˈtɑtɑ ˈlɔnʧɪz ðə ˈpjʊrəˌfaɪər ðə ˈɪndiən ˌɪnˈdəstriəl kənˈglɑmərət ˈtɑtɑ grup həz lɔnʧt ə nu ˌloʊˈkɔst ˈwɔtər ˈpjʊrəˌfaɪər, eɪmd æt ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ɪn ˈrʊrəl ˈɛriəz. ðə ˈtɑtɑ 'swach*' ˈpjʊrəˌfaɪər ɪz lɛs ðən wən ˈmitər tɔl, ənd dɪz nɑt nid ˈrənɪŋ ˈwɔtər ər ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti tɪ wərk. ðə fərm ɪz ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈbɪznɪs əv prəˈvaɪdɪŋ klin ˈwɔtər, ə læk əv wɪʧ əˈfɛkts ˈɔlˌmoʊst wən ˈbɪljən ˈpipəl ˈgloʊbəli. ˈtɑtɑ sɪz ðə dɪˈvaɪs ɪz ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ə ˈdɛkeɪd əv ˈrisərʧ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ðə ˈtɑtɑ grup ˌɪnˈkludz ˈɪndiəz ˈlɑrʤəst ˈkɑrˌmeɪkər ˈtɑtɑ ˈmoʊtərz, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ həz ˈɪntərɪsts ɪn ˈstilˌmeɪkɪŋ, ɪt, ənd ˈkɛmɪkəlz. ˈmeɪʤər ˈhərdəl ɪts ˈwɔtər dɪˈvaɪs neɪmd ˈæftər ðə ˈhɪndi wərd fər klin wɪl kɔst ˈəndər ˈrupiz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wən ˈɪndiən rɪˈpɔrt. ðɪs ɪz ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp ə kəmˈplit nu ˈmɑrkɪt ˈtɑtɑ ˈkɛmɪkəlz' bɔs ɑr. ˈwɔtər ˈʃɔrtɪʤɪz fɔrʤ juʤ ˈmɑrkɪt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈɪndiən ˈgəvərnmənt ˈsərˌveɪ əv ˈrʊrəl ˈweɪʤɪz, ɪn ˈdeɪli peɪ ɪn ˈrʊrəl ˈɛriəz kən reɪnʤ frəm əˈbaʊt 45 ˈrupiz ə deɪ fər herd-keeping*, tɪ əˈbaʊt 110 ˈrupiz ə deɪ fər wɛl ˈdɪgɪŋ. ðə ˈjuzɪz æʃ frəm raɪs ˈmɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪltər aʊt bækˈtɪriə, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈjuzɪz ˈtaɪni ˈsɪlvər ˈpɑrtɪkəlz tɪ kɪl ˈhɑrmfəl ʤərmz ðət kən lɛd tɪ dɪˈzizɪz laɪk ˌdaɪərˈiə, ˈkɑlərə ənd ˈtaɪfɔɪd. ðə hɛlθ ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv pur ˈwɔtər kˈwɑləti ər ɪˈnɔrmɪs fər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz laɪk ˈɪndiə, wɪθ ˈmɪljənz əv ˈpipəl əˈfɛktɪd. traɪɪŋ tɪ prəˈvaɪd seɪf ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈwɔtər fər ðɛm həz kɔst ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈbɪljənz əv ˈrupiz, bət ɪt kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈhərdəl.

de la forma en que sus no ni suma nada a la, salvo por el que los lo han para que "la no una buena nota". todos con el caso de verón. ya la y la aquí: eugenio hacia el linda para el del 2000. plata y las de por el a de tal que un boom que que el rancho se les de (que se a), y de los tal que surgió un: las caras para los de los obreros. por ante a de si bienn la guerra la crisis los que y búlgaras, las de las mafias de de las por la guerra de exterminio.así comenzó la última ola de de en europa, que se 2005 por la de mafias al para el mercado de la.una simple y bestial de y. hay que que la era de baja. por un turco que se el una por 60 euros y en un a una y a sin al la par del no- del que para las almas.s de su base en. se les acabó el curro de la de, psicólogos, sociólogos, y de que no nada productivo, la de género", que de que al de, con y con la decuando en realidad. por, el valor dees para a prostituirse, con el legal (bajo, es) que y con,ngo, el de, de tener que un cacho de carne drogado, a una cama. si, me imagino, se a sus en lugar de.el antes de el. me leí el auto de procesamiento, la a, la de las y seguí web, on line, de las claves. lo que me da pero está ahí, en doc y y las actas, todo. en locales, en los de o no, es de fe, la fe que en creer el de la que salió a a su y contra las mafias. como que liberó 100, 300es. ¿de cifras? todo se notó el es que en de un gran. en la de truchos,s se en el de dos que la trimarco y quen tanto, si putear, al fiscal de y a la (que son elero del político) y no a los a los que les las y su veracidad. en un caso en que, como se no se la con documentales, ni nada... la era cantada. el que se haga de en del caso, a pero el su control de en los de 10 defensores. la de los que pero no hay que que son unos zaparrastrosos, e influenciables. pero hay que que hasta el para la en sus fallos, todo esta qué burdo ha todo que hasta se de as para calmar al, la de y la de la de la en, de por sí ilegal, pero alcanzó para los y que en el oral. los en su por susana trimarco. no nada. es que la primer fiscal intentó ens pero de la parte de la, salvo una, el resto de los se o, por la, que a su es por el del interior y antes por el de justicia. las van para productivos, capacitación, y que se les que es la plata sin donde? de los que la trimarco 2007 en adelante.. la del de susana trimarco como una valiente, que el norte por lade laosa que la de del como es la sus la de que las en las de el curro que les ejemplo, una que declaró como testigo, al por con un de la verón, afirmó haber de la sexual en la que se por susana trimarco. sin embargo se demostró que a al cinco de "liberada", que con su y que a sus al colegio. no por a "liberada" que no la calle que a la que viviendo, no de qué color era la casa del (a de a una cuadra del centro cívico), ni de la terminal de ómnibus que $3.000 de la por que no era o así. la side (que no al político), le el dato a la trimarco y ésta, sola o a de, les allanaban, a las y a los gritos, te todo el del. lass minas en bolas, medio en pedo, solas,s, de sus, explotadas. trimarco les dinero,s, subsidios, etc. qué aes se les que que los últimoss, la admitió de para la a todo de los, una banda des que sus se mandado, pero conmigo, lectores, que es que se a sin.todo el legal se basa en la en que las sean de y en un con constitucionales. que un culpable se escape del cargo pero que se a un o a que culpable pero no se lo demostrar.bueno, que des (porán en la rioja) o de la de. pero lo que des es que tal no en un que sin y sin.pero la de, ya en el de las que sen y con la guionada. el y la épica yan construidos., como refiere. ¿si la está bien y es verosímil, porqué no creerla?, si de la (y la realidad) es que de las toda la que se observó en las del ni para la de las. parte de la de infantiles. el abuso, que mamá desaparezca, lalación, el terror a laza, etc. y el miedo, gran, gran, gran y socio de la trimarco es una (y era una) a la que le a su. pero lo que de lo de viva. que una de la por sus y la y el y agarró viaje. funcional. trimarco, en el, en 2003 no $5 (cinco pesos) para a (que una infección). y con chofer, una casa que no vale de 200 mil (en 2003 el lugar en el que no calefón), se y como la que es lo todo, por es que los, a instarlo, noon que nadie, de a por el en medio de este desastre, a los de la los enojados, entristecidos, por el fallo.. si, para logar un "me gusta" eno un en, no la para a la yles que, qué espera., como su madre, era una mina., pobrísima. la en doss a la semana. en el y por, y de ongs. una refirió que le los profilácticos. que era su mamá lo en 2005 y prefirió la a un de. y la de ellas, de la física, la que le provocó su madre. la que ocultó y minimizó que una instruída, sana y como era ella, tener que su a a des que le a su bebé.perdió su de el mundo de en el que su, un mundo de desocupación, miseria, y abuso. en una que es una y una al la verón.

də lɑ ˈfɔrmə ɛn kju səs noʊ ni ˈsumə ˈnɑdɑ ə lɑ, ˈsælvoʊ pɔr ɛl kju lɔs loʊ hɑn ˈpɛrə kju "lɑ noʊ ˈunə ˈbunə nota*". ˌtuˈduz kɑn ɛl ˈkɑsoʊ də verón*. jɑ lɑ waɪ lɑ aquí*í: ˌjuˈʤinioʊ ɛl ˈlɪndə ˈpɛrə ɛl dɛl 2000 ˈplɑtə waɪ ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs də pɔr ɛl ə də tɑl kju ˈjuˈɛn bum kju kju ɛl ˈrænʧoʊ seɪ lɛs də (kju seɪ ə), waɪ də lɔs tɑl kju surgió*ó ˈjuˈɛn: ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈkɑrəz ˈpɛrə lɔs də lɔs obreros*. pɔr ˈænti ə də si bin lɑ gˈwɛrə lɑ ˈkraɪsəs lɔs kju waɪ búlgaras*, ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs də ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈmɑfiəz də də ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs pɔr lɑ gˈwɛrə də exterminio.así*í comenzó*ó lɑ ˈoʊlə də də ɛn jʊˈroʊpə, kju seɪ 2005 pɔr lɑ də ˈmɑfiəz æl ˈpɛrə ɛl mərˈkɑdoʊ də lɑ ˈsɪmpəl waɪ ˈbɛsʧəl də waɪ. heɪ kju kju lɑ ˈɪrə də ˈbɑˌhɑ. pɔr ˈjuˈɛn ˈtərkoʊ kju seɪ ɛl ˈunə pɔr 60 ˈjuˌroʊz waɪ ɛn ˈjuˈɛn ə ˈunə waɪ ə sɪn æl lɑ pɑr dɛl noʊ- dɛl kju ˈpɛrə ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈælməz. də su beɪs ɛn. seɪ lɛs acabó*ó ɛl ˈkʊroʊ də lɑ də, psicólogos*, sociólogos*, waɪ də kju noʊ ˈnɑdɑ productivo*, lɑ də género*", kju də kju æl də, kɑn waɪ kɑn lɑ də ɛn realidad*. pɔr, ɛl ˈvælər də ˈpɛrə ə prostituirse*, kɑn ɛl ˈligəl (bajo*, ɛs) kju waɪ kɑn, supongo*, ɛl də, də ˈtɛnər kju ˈjuˈɛn ˈkæʧoʊ də kɑrn drogado*, ə ˈunə ˈsiˈeɪˈɛˈmeɪ. si, mi imagino*, seɪ ə səs ɛn ˈlugər də ˈæntiz də ɛl. mi leí*í ɛl ˈɔtoʊ də procesamiento*, lɑ ə, lɑ də ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs waɪ seguí*í wɛb, ɔn laɪn, də ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs claves*. loʊ kju mi ˈdiˈeɪ pəroʊ está*á ahí*í, ɛn dɑk waɪ waɪ ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs actas*, ˌtuˈdu. ɛn loʊˈkælz, ɛn lɔs də oʊ noʊ, ɛs də feɪ, lɑ feɪ kju ɛn krɪr ɛl də lɑ kju salió*ó ə ə su waɪ ˈkɑntrə ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈmɑfiəz. ˈkoʊmoʊ kju liberó*ó 100 300. cifras*? ˌtuˈdu seɪ notó*ó ɛl ɛs kju ɛn də ˈjuˈɛn græn. ɛn lɑ də truchos*, seɪ ɛn ɛl də dɔs kju lɑ trɪˈmɑrkoʊ waɪ kju tanto*, si putear*, æl ˈfɪskəl də waɪ ə lɑ (kju sən ɛl dɛl político*) waɪ noʊ ə lɔs ə lɔs kju lɛs ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs waɪ su veracidad*. ɛn ˈjuˈɛn ˈkɑsoʊ ɛn kju, ˈkoʊmoʊ seɪ noʊ seɪ lɑ kɑn documentales*, ni ˈnɑdɑ... lɑ ˈɪrə cantada*. ɛl kju seɪ ˈhɑgə də ɛn dɛl ˈkɑsoʊ, ə pəroʊ ɛl su kənˈtroʊl də ɛn lɔs də 10 defensores*. lɑ də lɔs kju pəroʊ noʊ heɪ kju kju sən ˈunoʊz zaparrastrosos*, i influenciables*. pəroʊ heɪ kju kju ˈɑstə ɛl ˈpɛrə lɑ ɛn səs fallos*, ˌtuˈdu ˈɛstə qué*é ˈbʊrdoʊ hɑ ˌtuˈdu kju ˈɑstə seɪ də ə ˈpɛrə ˈkælmɑr æl, lɑ də waɪ lɑ də lɑ də lɑ ɛn, də pɔr sí*í ilegal*, pəroʊ alcanzó*ó ˈpɛrə lɔs waɪ kju ɛn ɛl ˈɔrəl. lɔs ɛn su pɔr suˈsɑnə trɪˈmɑrkoʊ. noʊ ˈnɑdɑ. ɛs kju lɑ ˈpraɪmər ˈfɪskəl intentó*ó ɛn pəroʊ də lɑ ˈpɑrteɪ də lɑ, ˈsælvoʊ ˈunə, ɛl ˈrɛstoʊ də lɔs seɪ oʊ, pɔr lɑ, kju ə su ɛs pɔr ɛl dɛl ˌɪnˈtɪriər waɪ ˈæntiz pɔr ɛl də justicia*. ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs væn ˈpɛrə productivos*, capacitación*, waɪ kju seɪ lɛs kju ɛs lɑ ˈplɑtə sɪn dɑnd? də lɔs kju lɑ trɪˈmɑrkoʊ 2007 ɛn adelante*.. lɑ dɛl də suˈsɑnə trɪˈmɑrkoʊ ˈkoʊmoʊ ˈunə ˌvɑliˈɛnˌti, kju ɛl nɔrt pɔr leɪd lɑ kju lɑ də dɛl ˈkoʊmoʊ ɛs lɑ səs lɑ də kju ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ɛn ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs də ɛl ˈkʊroʊ kju lɛs ejemplo*, ˈunə kju declaró*ó ˈkoʊmoʊ testigo*, æl pɔr kɑn ˈjuˈɛn də lɑ verón*, afirmó*ó ˈheɪbər də lɑ ˈsɛkʃuəl ɛn lɑ kju seɪ pɔr suˈsɑnə trɪˈmɑrkoʊ. sɪn ɛmˈbɑrgoʊ seɪ demostró*ó kju ə æl ˈsɪŋkoʊ də "liberada*", kju kɑn su waɪ kju ə səs æl colegio*. noʊ pɔr ə "liberada*" kju noʊ lɑ keɪl kju ə lɑ kju viviendo*, noʊ də qué*é ˈkələr ˈɪrə lɑ ˈkɑsə də prəˈvɪnʃəl (ə də ə ˈunə kuˈɑdrə dɛl ˈsɛntroʊ cívico*), ni də lɑ ˈtərmənəl də kju də lɑ pɔr kju noʊ ˈɪrə oʊ así*í. lɑ saɪd (kju noʊ æl político*), lə ɛl ˈdɑtoʊ ə lɑ trɪˈmɑrkoʊ waɪ éésta*, ˈsoʊlə oʊ ə də, lɛs allanaban*, ə ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs waɪ ə lɔs gritos*, ti ˌtuˈdu ɛl dɛl. ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈminəs ɛn bolas*, ˈmɛdioʊ ɛn pedo*, solas*,, də səs, explotadas*. trɪˈmɑrkoʊ lɛs dinero*, contratos*, subsidios*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. qué*é ə seɪ lɛs kju kju lɔs años*, lɑ admitió*ó də ˈpɛrə lɑ ə ˌtuˈdu də lɔs, ˈunə ˈbændə də kju səs seɪ mandado*, pəroʊ conmigo*, lectores*, kju ɛs kju seɪ ə sɪn ɛl ˈligəl seɪ ˈbɑsə ɛn lɑ ɛn kju ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ʃɔn də waɪ ɛn ˈjuˈɛn kɑn constitucionales*. kju ˈjuˈɛn ˈkəlpəbəl seɪ ɪˈskeɪp dɛl ˈkɑrˌgoʊ pəroʊ kju seɪ ə ˈjuˈɛn oʊ ə kju ˈkəlpəbəl pəroʊ noʊ seɪ loʊ demostrar.bueno*, kju də (pɔr ɛn lɑ rioja*) oʊ də lɑ də. pəroʊ loʊ kju də ɛs kju tɑl noʊ ɛn ˈjuˈɛn kju sɪn waɪ sɪn lɑ də, jɑ ɛn ɛl də ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs kju seɪ waɪ kɑn lɑ guionada*. ɛl waɪ lɑ jɑ construidos*., ˈkoʊmoʊ refiere*. lɑ está*á bin waɪ ɛs verosímil*, porqué*é noʊ creerla*?, si də lɑ (waɪ lɑ realidad*) ɛs kju də ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈtoʊdə lɑ kju seɪ observó*ó ɛn ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs dɛl ni ˈpɛrə lɑ də ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs. ˈpɑrteɪ də lɑ də infantiles*. ɛl abuso*, kju mamá*á desaparezca*, lɑ violación*, ɛl ˈtɛrər ə lɑ, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. waɪ ɛl miedo*, græn, græn, græn waɪ ˈsoʊsioʊ də lɑ trɪˈmɑrkoʊ ɛs ˈunə (waɪ ˈɪrə ˈunə) ə lɑ kju lə ə su. pəroʊ loʊ kju də loʊ də ˈvivə. kju ˈunə də lɑ pɔr səs waɪ lɑ waɪ ɛl waɪ agarró*ó viaje*. funcional*. trɪˈmɑrkoʊ, ɛn ɛl, ɛn 2003 noʊ 5 (ˈsɪŋkoʊ ˈpeɪsoʊz) ˈpɛrə ə (kju ˈunə infección*). waɪ kɑn chofer*, ˈunə ˈkɑsə kju noʊ veɪl də 200 mɪl (ɛn 2003 ɛl ˈlugər ɛn ɛl kju noʊ calefón*), seɪ waɪ ˈkoʊmoʊ lɑ kju ɛs loʊ ˌtuˈdu, pɔr ɛs kju lɔs, ə instarlo*, noʊ kju nadie*, də ə pɔr ɛl ɛn ˈmɛdioʊ də ˈɛsteɪ desastre*, ə lɔs də lɑ lɔs enojados*, entristecidos*, pɔr ɛl fallo*.. si, ˈpɛrə ˈloʊgər ˈjuˈɛn "mi gusta*" ˈɛnoʊ ˈjuˈɛn ɛn, noʊ lɑ ˈpɛrə ə lɑ waɪ kju, qué*é espera*., ˈkoʊmoʊ su ˈmɑˌdreɪ, ˈɪrə ˈunə ˈmɪnə., pobrísima*. lɑ ɛn dɔs ə lɑ semana*. ɛn ɛl waɪ pɔr, waɪ də ongs*. ˈunə refirió*ó kju lə lɔs profilácticos*. kju ˈɪrə su mamá*á loʊ ɛn 2005 waɪ prefirió*ó lɑ ə ˈjuˈɛn də. waɪ lɑ də ellas*, də lɑ física*, lɑ kju lə provocó*ó su ˈmɑˌdreɪ. lɑ kju ocultó*ó waɪ minimizó*ó kju ˈunə instruída*, ˈsɑnə waɪ ˈkoʊmoʊ ˈɪrə ˈɛlə, ˈtɛnər kju su ə ə də kju lə ə su bebé.perdió*ó su də ɛl ˈməndoʊ də ɛn ɛl kju su, ˈjuˈɛn ˈməndoʊ də desocupación*, miseria*, waɪ abuso*. ɛn ˈunə kju ɛs ˈunə waɪ ˈunə æl lɑ verón*.

“there is no right answer. cream or jam is fine.” so says he, in answer to the question of which to spread on the scone first in a british cream tea. a relief to learn that i been doing the wrong thing all my life. in the essex tea room of an upmarket british jam maker and on the table before us is a plate of fluffy scones, a bowl of clotted cream and miniature jars of strawberry jam. may be but giving me a lesson in the british tradition of afternoon tea. as brand ambassador for farm she delivers the same lecture in top hotels. her home country may claim to be a communist state, but it has a healthy appetite for the branding and rituals of the british ruling class. brings chinese buyers for a tour of the fruit farm. tingting he and carrie gracie “it’s refreshing for them. paying for the countryside with the birds singing. there are lots of rumours about chinese food sources, so the quality gives them peace of mind. and also they know the royal family has issued us with a royal warrant. that gives them another level of security.” easy to see why chinese visitors might enjoy the tour. exported its first jar of jam in the late century and still has some of the rambling walled gardens and ancient orchards of that era. inside the jam factory, the scent of simmering strawberries gives way to a hot wave of orange marmalade. and then the heady spices of the christmas pudding room. says she loves the tradition of setting light to the brandy. she thinks she can sell christmas puddings in china. people like something festive, a good gift over christmas or chinese spring festival. special, unique. very curious and open-minded.” british food is not fabled in china. but on a state visit to the in 2015 the chinese president was filmed eating fish and chips. and walking between pallets piled high with jams and chutneys, is excited about new breed of gastronomic adventurers. “the more they read and travel and encompass different food cultures, the more they try new things. blueberry jam is something they are willing to try. cheese and jelly. at the start they found it strange but now they think good. they are inventing their own way of getting western food into their culture, which is very exciting for us. when says “us” she means. after many years studying in the, and with a british fiance, the essex farm is as big a part of who she is as shanghai. but the hard fact for exporters is that china is a long way away. sea freight can take two months. hopes the rail freight service on the new silk road will shrink the time to market. when the train gets refrigerated containers next year, it should become possible to deliver british scones and devon clotted cream. she dismisses my suggestion to bake the scones in china. “you do that because british water and flour make for the special taste.” once a symbol of british empire and engineering, now great age of the railways. the overland freight service from the began this year, carrying british hopes for markets from one end of the new silk road to the other. is impatient for faster progress.

““there* ɪz noʊ raɪt ˈænsər. krim ər ʤæm ɪz fine.”*.” soʊ sɪz hi, ɪn ˈænsər tɪ ðə kˈwɛʃən əv wɪʧ tɪ sprɛd ɔn ðə skoʊn fərst ɪn ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ krim ti. ə rɪˈlif tɪ lərn ðət aɪ bɪn duɪŋ ðə rɔŋ θɪŋ ɔl maɪ laɪf. ɪn ðə ˈɛsɪks ti rum əv ən ˈəpˌmɑrkət ˈbrɪtɪʃ ʤæm ˈmeɪkər ənd ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəl ˌbiˈfɔr ˈjuˈɛs ɪz ə pleɪt əv ˈfləfi skoʊnz, ə boʊl əv ˈklɑtɪd krim ənd ˈmɪnɪˌʧʊr ʤɑrz əv ˈstrɔˌbɛri ʤæm. meɪ bi bət ˈgɪvɪŋ mi ə ˈlɛsən ɪn ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ trəˈdɪʃən əv ˌæftərˈnun ti. ɛz brænd æmˈbæsədər fər fɑrm ʃi dɪˈlɪvərz ðə seɪm ˈlɛkʧər ɪn tɔp hoʊˈtɛlz. hər hoʊm ˈkəntri meɪ kleɪm tɪ bi ə ˈkɑmjənəst steɪt, bət ɪt həz ə ˈhɛlθi ˈæpəˌtaɪt fər ðə ˈbrændɪŋ ənd ˈrɪʧuəlz əv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈrulɪŋ klæs. brɪŋz ʧaɪˈniz baɪərz fər ə tʊr əv ðə frut fɑrm. hi ənd ˈkɛri ˈgreɪsi rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ fər ðɛm. peɪɪŋ fər ðə ˈkəntriˌsaɪd wɪθ ðə bərdz ˈsɪŋɪŋ. ðɛr ər lɑts əv ˈrumərz əˈbaʊt ʧaɪˈniz fud ˈsɔrsəz, soʊ ðə kˈwɑləti gɪvz ðɛm pis əv maɪnd. ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ðeɪ noʊ ðə rɔɪəl ˈfæməli həz ˈɪʃud ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ ə rɔɪəl ˈwɔrənt. ðət gɪvz ðɛm əˈnəðər ˈlɛvəl əv security.”*.” ˈizi tɪ si waɪ ʧaɪˈniz ˈvɪzɪtərz maɪt ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə tʊr. ɪkˈspɔrtəd ɪts fərst ʤɑr əv ʤæm ɪn ðə leɪt ˈsɛnʧəri ənd stɪl həz səm əv ðə ˈræmbəlɪŋ wɔld ˈgɑrdənz ənd ˈeɪnʧənt ˈɔrʧərdz əv ðət ˈɪrə. ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ʤæm ˈfæktəri, ðə sɛnt əv ˈsɪmərɪŋ ˈstrɔˌbɛriz gɪvz weɪ tɪ ə hɑt weɪv əv ˈɔrɪnʤ ˈmɑrməˌleɪd. ənd ðɛn ðə ˈhɛdi ˈspaɪsɪz əv ðə ˈkrɪsməs ˈpʊdɪŋ rum. sɪz ʃi ləvz ðə trəˈdɪʃən əv ˈsɛtɪŋ laɪt tɪ ðə ˈbrændi. ʃi θɪŋks ʃi kən sɛl ˈkrɪsməs ˈpʊdɪŋz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə. ˈpipəl laɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈfɛstɪv, ə gʊd gɪft ˈoʊvər ˈkrɪsməs ər ʧaɪˈniz spərɪŋ ˈfɛstɪvəl. ˈspɛʃəl, juˈnik. ˈvɛri ˈkjʊriəs ənd open-minded.”*.” ˈbrɪtɪʃ fud ɪz nɑt ˈfeɪbəld ɪn ˈʧaɪnə. bət ɔn ə steɪt ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ðə ɪn 2015 ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈprɛzɪdənt wɑz fɪlmd ˈitɪŋ fɪʃ ənd ʧɪps. ənd ˈwɔkɪŋ bɪtˈwin ˈpæləts paɪld haɪ wɪθ ʤæmz ənd chutneys*, ɪz ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt nu brid əv gəˌstrɑˈnɑmɪk ədˈvɛnʧərərz. mɔr ðeɪ rɛd ənd ˈtrævəl ənd ɛnˈkəmpəs ˈdɪfərənt fud ˈkəlʧərz, ðə mɔr ðeɪ traɪ nu θɪŋz. ˈbluˌbɛri ʤæm ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðeɪ ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ traɪ. ʧiz ənd ˈʤɛli. æt ðə stɑrt ðeɪ faʊnd ɪt streɪnʤ bət naʊ ðeɪ θɪŋk gʊd. ðeɪ ər ˌɪnˈvɛntɪŋ ðɛr oʊn weɪ əv ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈwɛstərn fud ˈɪntu ðɛr ˈkəlʧər, wɪʧ ɪz ˈvɛri ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ fər ˈjuˈɛs. wɪn sɪz ““us”*” ʃi minz. ˈæftər ˈmɛni jɪrz ˈstədiɪŋ ɪn ðə, ənd wɪθ ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˌfiˌɑnˈseɪ, ðə ˈɛsɪks fɑrm ɪz ɛz bɪg ə pɑrt əv hu ʃi ɪz ɛz ˈʃæŋˈhaɪ. bət ðə hɑrd fækt fər ɪkˈspɔrtərz ɪz ðət ˈʧaɪnə ɪz ə lɔŋ weɪ əˈweɪ. si freɪt kən teɪk tu mənθs. hoʊps ðə reɪl freɪt ˈsərvɪs ɔn ðə nu sɪlk roʊd wɪl ʃrɪŋk ðə taɪm tɪ ˈmɑrkɪt. wɪn ðə treɪn gɪts rɪˈfrɪʤərˌeɪtɪd kənˈteɪnərz nɛkst jɪr, ɪt ʃʊd bɪˈkəm ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈbrɪtɪʃ skoʊnz ənd ˈdɛvən ˈklɑtɪd krim. ʃi dɪsˈmɪsɪz maɪ səˈʤɛsʧən tɪ beɪk ðə skoʊnz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə. du ðət bɪˈkəz ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈwɔtər ənd flaʊər meɪk fər ðə ˈspɛʃəl taste.”*.” wəns ə ˈsɪmbəl əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɛmpaɪər ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, naʊ greɪt eɪʤ əv ðə ˈreɪlˌweɪz. ðə ˈoʊvərˌlænd freɪt ˈsərvɪs frəm ðə bɪˈgæn ðɪs jɪr, ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈbrɪtɪʃ hoʊps fər ˈmɑrkɪts frəm wən ɛnd əv ðə nu sɪlk roʊd tɪ ðə ˈəðər. ɪz ˌɪmˈpeɪʃənt fər ˈfæstər ˈprɑˌgrɛs.

look on the bright side: make for one hell of a slate column once he gets back. i can only assume they recognize him, as the opportunity to scalp one of the foremost atheists surely would have been irresistible. i know if you find this as news worthy or not, but christopher hitchens is currently in beirut sponsored by the same group that owns that crap now lebanon. he got in a few nights ago and surprisingly went out drinking. on his way out of the bar he saw an poster and wrote on it “fuck the”. there just happened to be some thugs near likely asking people for their id, and most likely to no saw him write on the poster and kicked his ass. he is still walking with a limp. abu says confirmed the story. the is, of course, a hezbollah ally that advocates a syrian anschluss of lebanon (and israel, natch). consider hitch a minor martyr to the cause of the cedar revolution here. exit question one: more or less unpleasant than being waterboarded? exit question two: er, ace there with him? has anyone heard from ace recently? update: belated exit question three: is it time for me to organize a mighty atheist army and lead it on a march to damascus for justice? yes. update: forbes says totten was in the mix. but later that night, three of our “scoop” foreman, michael totten and christopher involved in a street brawl with some thugs of a skinhead party called the after hitchens rather gallantly insulted their swastika flag. on our way to a meeting with minister of state lahoud, hitchens showed me the gashed knuckles and bruises suffered during the punch up. the attackers had apparently come out of nowhere on posh street, where they had gone to buy shoes. “i was on the ground,” hitchens said, “and getting it in the head.” it was a miracle they pull kalashnikovs. note: i changed the headline to reflect that the attackers were pro-syrian, but not necessarily syrian in origin. update: ace sets the record straight.

lʊk ɔn ðə braɪt saɪd: meɪk fər wən hɛl əv ə sleɪt ˈkɑləm wəns hi gɪts bæk. aɪ kən ˈoʊnli əˈsum ðeɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ɪm, ɛz ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ skælp wən əv ðə ˈfɔrˌmoʊst ˈeɪθiəsts ˈʃʊrli wʊd hæv bɪn ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl. aɪ noʊ ɪf ju faɪnd ðɪs ɛz nuz ˈwərði ər nɑt, bət ˈkrɪstəfər ˈhɪʧənz ɪz ˈkərəntli ɪn beɪˈrut ˈspɑnsərd baɪ ðə seɪm grup ðət oʊnz ðət kræp naʊ ˈlɛbənən. hi gɑt ɪn ə fju naɪts əˈgoʊ ənd səˈpraɪzɪŋli wɛnt aʊt ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ. ɔn hɪz weɪ aʊt əv ðə bɑr hi sɔ ən ˈpoʊstər ənd roʊt ɔn ɪt ðə ssnp”*”. ðɛr ʤɪst ˈhæpənd tɪ bi səm θəgz nɪr ˈlaɪkli ˈæskɪŋ ˈpipəl fər ðɛr ˈaɪˈdi, ənd moʊst ˈlaɪkli tɪ noʊ sɔ ɪm raɪt ɔn ðə ˈpoʊstər ənd kɪkt hɪz æs. hi ɪz stɪl ˈwɔkɪŋ wɪθ ə lɪmp. ˈæbu sɪz kənˈfərmd ðə ˈstɔri. ðə ɪz, əv kɔrs, ə ˌhɛzbɑˈlə ˈælaɪ ðət ˈædvəˌkeɪts ə ˈsɪriən ˈɑnʃlus əv ˈlɛbənən (ənd ˈɪzriəl, natch*). kənˈsɪdər hɪʧ ə ˈmaɪnər ˈmɑrtər tɪ ðə kɔz əv ðə ˈsidər ˌrɛvəˈluʃən hir. ˈɛksət kˈwɛʃən wən: mɔr ər lɛs ənˈplɛzənt ðən biɪŋ waterboarded*? ˈɛksət kˈwɛʃən tu: ər, eɪs ðɛr wɪθ ɪm? həz ˈɛniˌwən hərd frəm eɪs ˈrisəntli? ˈəpˌdeɪt: bɪˈleɪtɪd ˈɛksət kˈwɛʃən θri: ɪz ɪt taɪm fər mi tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ə ˈmaɪti ˈeɪθiəst ˈɑrmi ənd lɛd ɪt ɔn ə mɑrʧ tɪ dəˈmæskəs fər ˈʤəstɪs? jɛs. ˈəpˌdeɪt: fɔrbz sɪz ˈtɑtən wɑz ɪn ðə mɪks. bət ˈleɪtər ðət naɪt, θri əv ɑr ““scoop”*” ˈfɔrmən, ˈmaɪkəl ˈtɑtən ənd ˈkrɪstəfər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ə strit brɔl wɪθ səm θəgz əv ə ˈskɪnˌhɛd ˈpɑrti kɔld ðə ˈæftər ˈhɪʧənz ˈrəðər ˈgæləntli ˌɪnˈsəltɪd ðɛr sˈwɑstɪkə flæg. ɔn ɑr weɪ tɪ ə ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ˈmɪnɪstər əv steɪt lahoud*, ˈhɪʧənz ʃoʊd mi ðə gæʃt ˈnəkəlz ənd ˈbruzɪz ˈsəfərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə pənʧ əp. ðə əˈtækərz hæd əˈpɛrəntli kəm aʊt əv ˈnoʊˌwɛr ɔn pɑʃ strit, wɛr ðeɪ hæd gɔn tɪ baɪ ʃuz. wɑz ɔn ðə ground,”*,” ˈhɪʧənz sɛd, ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪt ɪn ðə head.”*.” ɪt wɑz ə ˈmɪrəkəl ðeɪ pʊl kalashnikovs*. noʊt: aɪ ʧeɪnʤd ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪn tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ðət ðə əˈtækərz wər pro-syrian*, bət nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ˈsɪriən ɪn ˈɔrəʤən. ˈəpˌdeɪt: eɪs sɛts ðə ˈrɛkərd streɪt.

united nations (reuters) - the reliance on extortion and kidnappings, along with narcotics and illegal mining operations, is transforming it from a group driven by religious ideology into a criminal enterprise hungry for profit, u.n. sanctions monitors said in a new report. taliban fighters pose with weapons at an undisclosed location in southern afghanistan in this may 5, 2011 picture. the latest annual report by the u.n. analytical support and sanctions monitoring team on the taliban was distributed to reporters on friday, a day before afghans vote in a presidential election. “in addition to voluntary or forced donations from afghan businesses outside the country as well as voluntary donations motivated by religious or ideological convictions, the taliban have established a fairly sophisticated system to generate resources inside the country,” the report said. “increasingly taliban finances also rely on abductions of wealthy businessmen for ransom.” the report said executing civilians and aid workers helps the taliban reassert their power, block security improvements and prevent economic development 13 years after it was ousted from power by a u.s. invasion. it also creates new funding sources for the taliban, hardline islamists bent on toppling the afghan government. “however, these activities increasingly change the character of parts of the movement from a group based on religiously couched ideology to a coalition of increasingly criminalized networks, guided by the profit motive,” the monitors said. taliban revenue generation is uneven. in provinces such as and kandahar, the taliban are financially self-sustaining, while others depend on payments from the central leadership. in kandahar, the taliban raise $7 million to $8 million a month from narcotics, extortion and mining, the report said. 20 percent goes to fighting government the report includes details on, which it said is the main province for generating funds. is the top region in afghanistan, with some hectares of land cultivated with poppy in 2013. in the worst case, it said, afghan officials expect $50 million yield from this poppy harvest. most of’s poppy farmers can expect to pay 10 percent of their opium production as tax for the taliban. another lucrative taliban business is illegal marble mining, which the monitors said is the second major revenue source in. “the illegal and unlicensed mining sector in the province appears to be several times larger than the legal mining sector,” the report said. “the team has currently identified from 25 to 30 illegal mining operations in southern.” most of the illegal mines are near the pakistani border, enabling the illegal miners to quickly smuggle the marble across the frontier and move it onto the international market. “the preliminary assessment is that this taliban revenue stream is significantly larger than $10 million a year,” the monitoring team said about marble mining. the monitors recommended that the security council sanctions committee warn u.n. member states about the use of illegally mined marble for financing. in, the “financial commission” transfers its funds to the, a group including the top taliban leadership, who arrange for the transfer of narcotics to pakistan for sale. the money is then transferred back to the in cash or via “hawala” agents, an informal system based on trust used to transfer money without actually moving any physical currency. the monitors said the taliban spend 20 percent of the money on fighting the government in, while the get 80 percent to redistribute to needier taliban elsewhere. the taliban has been under u.n. sanctions since 1999. the sanctions include an international asset freeze. many individual members face u.n. travel bans and asset freezes.

juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz (ˈrɔɪtərz) ðə rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn ɛkˈstɔrʃən ənd ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋz, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ nɑrˈkɑtɪks ənd ˌɪˈligəl ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ɪz trænsˈfɔrmɪŋ ɪt frəm ə grup ˈdrɪvən baɪ rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈɪntu ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ˈhəŋgri fər ˈprɑfɪt, u.n*. ˈsæŋkʃənz ˈmɑnətərz sɛd ɪn ə nu rɪˈpɔrt. ˈtælɪˌbæn ˈfaɪtərz poʊz wɪθ ˈwɛpənz æt ən ˌəndɪˈskloʊzd loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪn ˈsəðərn æfˈgænəˌstæn ɪn ðɪs meɪ 5 2011 ˈpɪkʧər. ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈænjuəl rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ðə u.n*. ˌænəˈlɪtɪkəl səˈpɔrt ənd ˈsæŋkʃənz ˈmɑnətərɪŋ tim ɔn ðə ˈtælɪˌbæn wɑz dɪˈstrɪbjətəd tɪ rɪˈpɔrtərz ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ə deɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈæfˌgænz voʊt ɪn ə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈvɑləntɛri ər fɔrst doʊˈneɪʃənz frəm ˈæfˌgæn ˈbɪznɪsɪz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈkəntri ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈvɑləntɛri doʊˈneɪʃənz ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd baɪ rɪˈlɪʤəs ər ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl kənˈvɪkʃənz, ðə ˈtælɪˌbæn hæv ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə ˈfɛrli səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈsɪstəm tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ˈrisɔrsɪz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə country,”*,” ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɛd. ˈtælɪˌbæn ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn əbˈdəkʃənz əv ˈwɛlθi ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn fər ransom.”*.” ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɛd ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ səˈvɪljənz ənd eɪd ˈwərkərz hɛlps ðə ˈtælɪˌbæn ˌriəˈsərt ðɛr paʊər, blɑk sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ənd prɪˈvɛnt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt 13 jɪrz ˈæftər ɪt wɑz ˈaʊstɪd frəm paʊər baɪ ə juz. ˌɪnˈveɪʒən. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪts nu ˈfəndɪŋ ˈsɔrsəz fər ðə ˈtælɪˌbæn, ˈhɑrˌdlaɪn ˈɪsləmɪsts bɛnt ɔn ˈtɑpəlɪŋ ðə ˈæfˌgæn ˈgəvərnmənt. ““however*, ðiz ækˈtɪvɪtiz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈkɛrɪktər əv pɑrts əv ðə ˈmuvmənt frəm ə grup beɪst ɔn rɪˈlɪʤəsli kaʊʧt ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi tɪ ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən əv ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈkrɪmənəˌlaɪzd ˈnɛtˌwərks, ˈgaɪdɪd baɪ ðə ˈprɑfɪt motive,”*,” ðə ˈmɑnətərz sɛd. ˈtælɪˌbæn ˈrɛvəˌnu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ɪz əˈnivən. ɪn ˈprɑvənsəz səʧ ɛz ənd ˈkændəhɑr, ðə ˈtælɪˌbæn ər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli self-sustaining*, waɪl ˈəðərz dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ˈpeɪmənts frəm ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈlidərˌʃɪp. ɪn ˈkændəhɑr, ðə ˈtælɪˌbæn reɪz 7 ˈmɪljən tɪ 8 ˈmɪljən ə mənθ frəm nɑrˈkɑtɪks, ɛkˈstɔrʃən ənd ˈmaɪnɪŋ, ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɛd. 20 pərˈsɛnt goʊz tɪ ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈgəvərnmənt ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˌɪnˈkludz ˈditeɪlz ɔn, wɪʧ ɪt sɛd ɪz ðə meɪn ˈprɑvɪns fər ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ fəndz. ɪz ðə tɔp ˈriʤən ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn, wɪθ səm ˈhɛkˌtɑrz əv lænd ˈkəltəˌveɪtɪd wɪθ ˈpɑpi ɪn 2013 ɪn ðə wərst keɪs, ɪt sɛd, ˈæfˌgæn əˈfɪʃəlz ɪkˈspɛkt 50 ˈmɪljən jild frəm ðɪs ˈpɑpi ˈhɑrvəst. moʊst əv ˈpɑpi ˈfɑrmərz kən ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ peɪ 10 pərˈsɛnt əv ðɛr ˈoʊpiəm pərˈdəkʃən ɛz tæks fər ðə ˈtælɪˌbæn. əˈnəðər ˈlukrətɪv ˈtælɪˌbæn ˈbɪznɪs ɪz ˌɪˈligəl ˈmɑrbəl ˈmaɪnɪŋ, wɪʧ ðə ˈmɑnətərz sɛd ɪz ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈmeɪʤər ˈrɛvəˌnu sɔrs ɪn. ˌɪˈligəl ənd ənˈlaɪsənst ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈsɛktər ɪn ðə ˈprɑvɪns əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ˈlɑrʤər ðən ðə ˈligəl ˈmaɪnɪŋ sector,”*,” ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɛd. tim həz ˈkərəntli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd frəm 25 tɪ 30 ˌɪˈligəl ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ˈsəðərn helmand.”*.” moʊst əv ðə ˌɪˈligəl maɪnz ər nɪr ðə ˌpækɪˈstæni ˈbɔrdər, ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ðə ˌɪˈligəl ˈmaɪnərz tɪ kˈwɪkli sˈməgəl ðə ˈmɑrbəl əˈkrɔs ðə frənˈtɪr ənd muv ɪt ˈɔntu ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑrkɪt. prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri əˈsɛsmənt ɪz ðət ðɪs ˈtælɪˌbæn ˈrɛvəˌnu strim ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈlɑrʤər ðən 10 ˈmɪljən ə year,”*,” ðə ˈmɑnətərɪŋ tim sɛd əˈbaʊt ˈmɑrbəl ˈmaɪnɪŋ. ðə ˈmɑnətərz ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ðət ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkaʊnsəl ˈsæŋkʃənz kəˈmɪti wɔrn u.n*. ˈmɛmbər steɪts əˈbaʊt ðə juz əv ˌɪˈligəli maɪnd ˈmɑrbəl fər fɪˈnænsɪŋ. ɪn, ðə commission”*” ˈtrænsfərz ɪts fəndz tɪ ðə, ə grup ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə tɔp ˈtælɪˌbæn ˈlidərˌʃɪp, hu əreɪnʤ fər ðə ˈtrænsfər əv nɑrˈkɑtɪks tɪ ˈpækɪˌstæn fər seɪl. ðə ˈməni ɪz ðɛn ˈtrænsfərd bæk tɪ ðə ɪn kæʃ ər ˈviə ““hawala”*” ˈeɪʤənts, ən ˌɪnˈfɔrməl ˈsɪstəm beɪst ɔn trəst juzd tɪ ˈtrænsfər ˈməni wɪˈθaʊt ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɛni ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈkərənsi. ðə ˈmɑnətərz sɛd ðə ˈtælɪˌbæn spɛnd 20 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈməni ɔn ˈfaɪtɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn, waɪl ðə gɪt 80 pərˈsɛnt tɪ ˌridɪˈstrɪbjut tɪ ˈnidiər ˈtælɪˌbæn ˈɛlsˌwɛr. ðə ˈtælɪˌbæn həz bɪn ˈəndər u.n*. ˈsæŋkʃənz sɪns 1999 ðə ˈsæŋkʃənz ˌɪnˈklud ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈæˌsɛt friz. ˈmɛni ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈmɛmbərz feɪs u.n*. ˈtrævəl bænz ənd ˈæˌsɛt ˈfrizɪz.

sidechains have been the source of increased excitement in the community over the past year due to the belief that this new technology will allow an endless number of features to be integrated into the protocol. there are still a few people out there who believe are nothing more than vaporware, but the concept has an experienced team of core developers behind it, not to mention a startup,, that announced a $21 million round of funding late last year. blockstream recently released elements, which is a federated, alpha release of their originally outlined pegged proposal. the idea is that this early version allows the community to test out the concept without making any changes to core. some have pondered whether it could take up to five years for a true, two-way peg implementation to make its way to. although the timeframe for a real two-way peg is unclear, there seems to be a general path for this new functionality to make its way into. what will it take to enable two-way peg support for? cryptographer adam back is, perhaps, best known as the inventor of hashcash, which is the underlying system utilized by the blockchain. also the president and of, which means he should have a general idea of how decentralized, two-way peg will eventually be rolled out. in a recent email to coinjournal, back was able to describe what needs to happen in order for two-way peg support to be possible in: “two-way peg support would generally be possible with any generic and sufficiently flexible language, it is just a script that verifies a compact hash chain structure. two-way peg appears almost but probably not quite possible today with script; however, i think we can fairly say this a historical accident due to slight limitations in script, which had various disabled defensively for security reasons some years back. by doing some very advanced tricks across multiple transactions, it might even be just possible already (exercise for the reader).” when it comes to the “very advanced tricks,” back also added, “if someone can solve that exercise for the reader via advanced script hacking, be very happy to hear from them.” a bip and community consensus according to back, either an upgrade to script or specific changes that enable two-way peg support should be enough to bring to. he then added that a concrete proposal is the next step that needs to be taken in order for decentralized to become a reality: “i think the next step would be for someone to make a concrete proposal for community review (i.e. a bip) and an example implementation, and then for there to be a design discussion with perhaps alternative methods compared side by side [and] evaluated by the community as has happened with prior bip proposals and review process.” it’s well-known that making changes to core is an extremely tedious task surrounded by immense amounts of caution (as it should be), but it should be pointed out that the proposal is something that could potentially speed up the process of bringing new features to in the future. back also pointed out that individuals in the community seem to have a positive view of the concept: “we can say that generally technical people have been quite supportive of the idea of and the flexibility it adds for experimentation and extension, but quite difficult to predict a as a specific proposal has not been made yet, and how long that would take depends on the technical community reaching consensus on alternative proposals. bip community consensus is focussed on security and tends to prioritize new features by utility to the community.” what to do in the meantime for now, the low-trust, federated peg model can be used as a test ground for. back explained how this early implementation of the concept could eventually lead to decentralized, two-way peg on the network: “in the mean time there is an approach to get a similar effect using a functionary model with as a protocol adaptor, as described in appendix a of the white paper, so people can use in a different security model in the mean time. we used this approach in the elements alpha release that we released in june, and if using the functionary model are popular it may help make the case for why a operator to improve them would be useful to integrate in.” it’s impossible to predict a timeframe for two-way peg at this point. having said that, it seems clear that it will be easier to gain consensus around a-related proposal rather than something like an increase in the limit. although there have been issues with making changes to core in the past,’s adam back seems somewhat optimistic about the prospects of implementing the two-way peg model in:

sidechains* hæv bɪn ðə sɔrs əv ˌɪnˈkrist ɪkˈsaɪtmənt ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪr du tɪ ðə bɪˈlif ðət ðɪs nu tɛkˈnɑləʤi wɪl əˈlaʊ ən ˈɛndləs ˈnəmbər əv ˈfiʧərz tɪ bi ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˈproʊtəˌkɔl. ðɛr ər stɪl ə fju ˈpipəl aʊt ðɛr hu bɪˈliv ər ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən ˈveɪpərˌwɛr, bət ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt həz ən ɪkˈspɪriənst tim əv kɔr dɪˈvɛləpərz bɪˈhaɪnd ɪt, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ə ˈstɑrˌtəp,, ðət əˈnaʊnst ə 21 ˈmɪljən raʊnd əv ˈfəndɪŋ leɪt læst jɪr. ˈrisəntli riˈlist ˈɛləmənts, wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈfɛdərˌeɪtɪd, ˈælfə riˈlis əv ðɛr ərˈɪʤənəli ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd pɛgd prəˈpoʊzəl. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz ðət ðɪs ˈərli ˈvərʒən əˈlaʊz ðə kəmˈjunɪti tɪ tɛst aʊt ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt wɪˈθaʊt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈɛni ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ kɔr. səm hæv ˈpɑndərd ˈwɛðər ɪt kʊd teɪk əp tɪ faɪv jɪrz fər ə tru, ˈtuˌweɪ pɛg ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən tɪ meɪk ɪts weɪ tɪ. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈtaɪmˌfreɪm fər ə ril ˈtuˌweɪ pɛg ɪz ənˈklɪr, ðɛr simz tɪ bi ə ˈʤɛnərəl pæθ fər ðɪs nu ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti tɪ meɪk ɪts weɪ ˈɪntu. wət wɪl ɪt teɪk tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ˈtuˌweɪ pɛg səˈpɔrt fər? ˈædəm bæk ɪz, pərˈhæps, bɛst noʊn ɛz ðə ˌɪnˈvɛntər əv hashcash*, wɪʧ ɪz ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ˈjutəˌlaɪzd baɪ ðə blockchain*. ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd əv, wɪʧ minz hi ʃʊd hæv ə ˈʤɛnərəl aɪˈdiə əv haʊ dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd, ˈtuˌweɪ pɛg wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli bi roʊld aʊt. ɪn ə ˈrisənt iˈmeɪl tɪ coinjournal*, bæk wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ dɪˈskraɪb wət nidz tɪ ˈhæpən ɪn ˈɔrdər fər ˈtuˌweɪ pɛg səˈpɔrt tɪ bi ˈpɑsəbəl ɪn: pɛg səˈpɔrt wʊd ˈʤɛnərəli bi ˈpɑsəbəl wɪθ ˈɛni ʤəˈnɛrɪk ənd səˈfɪʃəntli ˈflɛksəbəl ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ɪt ɪz ʤɪst ə skrɪpt ðət ˈvɛrəˌfaɪz ə ˈkɑmpækt hæʃ ʧeɪn ˈstrəkʧər. ˈtuˌweɪ pɛg əˈpɪrz ˈɔlˌmoʊst bət ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt kwaɪt ˈpɑsəbəl təˈdeɪ wɪθ skrɪpt; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ θɪŋk wi kən ˈfɛrli seɪ ðɪs ə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈæksədənt du tɪ slaɪt ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz ɪn skrɪpt, wɪʧ hæd ˈvɛriəs dɪˈseɪbəld dɪˈfɛnsɪvli fər sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈrizənz səm jɪrz bæk. baɪ duɪŋ səm ˈvɛri ədˈvænst trɪks əˈkrɔs ˈməltəpəl trænˈzækʃənz, ɪt maɪt ˈivɪn bi ʤɪst ˈpɑsəbəl ɔˈrɛdi (ˈɛksərˌsaɪz fər ðə reader).”*).” wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðə ədˈvænst tricks,”*,” bæk ˈɔlsoʊ ˈædɪd, ˈsəmˌwən kən sɑlv ðət ˈɛksərˌsaɪz fər ðə ˈridər ˈviə ədˈvænst skrɪpt ˈhækɪŋ, bi ˈvɛri ˈhæpi tɪ hir frəm them.”*.” ə bɪp ənd kəmˈjunɪti kənˈsɛnsəs əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ bæk, ˈiðər ən ˈəpˈgreɪd tɪ skrɪpt ər spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðət ɪˈneɪbəl ˈtuˌweɪ pɛg səˈpɔrt ʃʊd bi ɪˈnəf tɪ brɪŋ tɪ. hi ðɛn ˈædɪd ðət ə ˈkɑnkrit prəˈpoʊzəl ɪz ðə nɛkst stɛp ðət nidz tɪ bi ˈteɪkən ɪn ˈɔrdər fər dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˌriˈæləˌti: θɪŋk ðə nɛkst stɛp wʊd bi fər ˈsəmˌwən tɪ meɪk ə ˈkɑnkrit prəˈpoʊzəl fər kəmˈjunɪti ˌrivˈju (i.e*. ə bɪp) ənd ən ɪgˈzæmpəl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən, ənd ðɛn fər ðɛr tɪ bi ə dɪˈzaɪn dɪˈskəʃən wɪθ pərˈhæps ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈmɛθədz kəmˈpɛrd saɪd baɪ saɪd [ənd] ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd baɪ ðə kəmˈjunɪti ɛz həz ˈhæpənd wɪθ praɪər bɪp prəˈpoʊzəlz ənd ˌrivˈju process.”*.” ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ðət ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ kɔr ɪz ən ɪkˈstrimli ˈtidiəs tæsk sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˌɪˈmɛns əˈmaʊnts əv ˈkɔʃən (ɛz ɪt ʃʊd bi), bət ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ðə prəˈpoʊzəl ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli spid əp ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈbrɪŋɪŋ nu ˈfiʧərz tɪ ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. bæk ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti sim tɪ hæv ə ˈpɑzətɪv vju əv ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt: kən seɪ ðət ˈʤɛnərəli ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈpipəl hæv bɪn kwaɪt səˈpɔrtɪv əv ðə aɪˈdiə əv ənd ðə ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti ɪt ædz fər ɪkˌspɛrəmənˈteɪʃən ənd ɪkˈstɛnʃən, bət kwaɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ə ɛz ə spɪˈsɪfɪk prəˈpoʊzəl həz nɑt bɪn meɪd jɛt, ənd haʊ lɔŋ ðət wʊd teɪk dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl kəmˈjunɪti ˈriʧɪŋ kənˈsɛnsəs ɔn ɔlˈtərnətɪv prəˈpoʊzəlz. bɪp kəmˈjunɪti kənˈsɛnsəs ɪz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd tɛndz tɪ praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪz nu ˈfiʧərz baɪ juˈtɪləti tɪ ðə community.”*.” wət tɪ du ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm fər naʊ, ðə low-trust*, ˈfɛdərˌeɪtɪd pɛg ˈmɑdəl kən bi juzd ɛz ə tɛst graʊnd fər. bæk ɪkˈspleɪnd haʊ ðɪs ˈərli ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt kʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli lɛd tɪ dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd, ˈtuˌweɪ pɛg ɔn ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk: ðə min taɪm ðɛr ɪz ən əˈproʊʧ tɪ gɪt ə ˈsɪmələr ˈifɛkt ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈfəŋkʃəˌnɛri ˈmɑdəl wɪθ ɛz ə ˈproʊtəˌkɔl əˈdæptər, ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn əˈpɛndɪks ə əv ðə waɪt ˈpeɪpər, soʊ ˈpipəl kən juz ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈmɑdəl ɪn ðə min taɪm. wi juzd ðɪs əˈproʊʧ ɪn ðə ˈɛləmənts ˈælfə riˈlis ðət wi riˈlist ɪn ʤun, ənd ɪf ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈfəŋkʃəˌnɛri ˈmɑdəl ər ˈpɑpjələr ɪt meɪ hɛlp meɪk ðə keɪs fər waɪ ə ˈɑpərˌeɪtər tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðɛm wʊd bi ˈjusfəl tɪ ˈɪnəˌgreɪt ɪn bitcoin.”*.” ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ə ˈtaɪmˌfreɪm fər ˈtuˌweɪ pɛg æt ðɪs pɔɪnt. ˈhævɪŋ sɛd ðət, ɪt simz klɪr ðət ɪt wɪl bi ˈiziər tɪ geɪn kənˈsɛnsəs əraʊnd ə prəˈpoʊzəl ˈrəðər ðən ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə ˈlɪmət. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr hæv bɪn ˈɪʃuz wɪθ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ kɔr ɪn ðə pæst, ˈædəm bæk simz ˈsəmˈwət ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑspɛkts əv ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ðə ˈtuˌweɪ pɛg ˈmɑdəl ɪn:

mars observer was one of three nasa mars missions lost in the because of technical errors, and not as part of a broader conspiracy. the dark side of space disaster theories space disasters attract so much public attention and often involve such complex and subtle sequences of events that an entire internet literature of “crackpot causes” on par with jfk assassination myths. to the degree that innovative analysis is often critical to partial and often garbled shocking causal sequence leading from goodness to disaster, the initial investigation period demands that critical judgment be held somewhat in check so as not to discourage imagination. however, once a logical reconstruction gels, is tested, and then is ultimately verified by being implemented and hence reducing future flight hazards, that official explanation achieves a substantial level of authenticity. but not to satisfaction, apparently, as a search of non-traditional explanations of the apollo 1 fire, the apollo 13 breakdown, the challenger disintegration, and the columbia catastrophe, whose fifth anniversary now approaches. for example, in the case of columbia, youtube is full of videos from experts still convinced a freak bolt of ionospheric lightning crippled the spaceship. a famous photograph supposedly shows that bolt, even though space experts have long been satisfied that the bizarre image was merely the result of camera jiggle during a exposure. apart from the comic relief value of such crackpot ideas, a darker aspect of this kind of cultural pathology, just as there are serious analyses pointing to the socially toxic effects of the jfk assassination “alternate theories”. for spaceflight, being distracted by the wrong cause means being tempted by the wrong fix. never amusing, and often can be expensive. for spaceflight, being distracted by the wrong cause means being tempted by the wrong fix. never amusing, and often can be expensive. as an egregious “bad example” of wrong causes, a recent book (dark mission, by richard hoagland and michael bara) spent a lot of time muddying the waters over a series of nasa mars mission failures in the. this just some remote corner of an intellectual ghetto on the book came within one tick mark of making it onto the new york times bestsellers list for paperback non-fiction (it reached #21 nationwide). so as an exercise in cultural self-defense and in proselytizing sound “space safety” history, here is a detailed look at the claims, the delusions, and the errors in that treatment of these space accidents. mars observer (1993) dark mission portrays the failure of the mars observer probe in 1993 as a deliberate act by nasa to prevent the publication of its expected photographs of artificial martian ruins. but the description of the events is inconsistent with accounts, reports non-existent events, and omits well-known explanations for important features of the flight plan. all of this can be easily confirmed through internet searches. dark mission, pp.: “nasa, in another unprecedented move, had inexplicably ordered mars observer to shut off its primary data stream prior to executing a key burn… because nasa had violated the first rule of space never turn off the cause for the loss was ever satisfactorily determined.” actually, whether a radio is turned on or off, practically all orbital insertion burns on lunar and planetary missions occur out of radio contact. this is a result of the geometric alignment of the probe passing behind the planet (or moon) and hence having its radio signals blocked. so keeping a radio turned on during these periods is about as useless as installing windshield wipers. to my knowledge, there is no “first rule of spaceflight” about never turning radios off. interplanetary probes do this all the time. the “rule” is imaginary. i find any documentation anywhere that provides this “rule”. i suspect that the dark mission authors just imagined it. the maneuver that mars observer was to perform was not even, as dark mission claims, a “key burn”. it was not a burn of any kind. instead, it was the firing of explosive bolts to open two tanks that would allow the fuel to be pushed into the engines several days later. there is nothing “inexplicable” about turning off the radio for the firing of the pyrotechnic bolts. the sharp shock of the detonations was thought to be a hazard to the hot filament in a key radio component, which is much less brittle when cold. hot filaments can shatter under shocks that cold ones even notice. this is clearly explained in documents, including the accident report. you only have to search “mars observer accident report” to be led right to the “failure investigation board report”. keeping a radio turned on during orbit insertion burns is about as useless as installing windshield wipers. why was the radio turned off? “in accordance with the published flight rules, the transmitter on the spacecraft had been turned off during the pressurization sequence on 21 august… to protect the spacecraft radio frequency transmitter from damage during the pressurization sequence (albeit a very low probability), the software included a command to turn off the mars observer transponder and radio frequency (rf) telemetry power amplifier for a period of ten minutes. this was a standard procedure that had been implemented several times earlier during the mission.” the report gave further details: “this sequence included the firing of two pyrotechnic valves, that would allow gaseous helium to pressurize the nitrogen oxidizer tank and the hydrazine fuel tank.” more on p. 25 of the report: “concern existed in the mars observer project team that the event might damage the traveling wave tube amplifiers in the spacecraft telecommunications system if the amplifiers were left on.” nor is it true that “no cause for the loss was ever satisfactorily determined”, as dark mission claims. to the contrary, in hindsight it was excruciatingly clear what almost certainly happened. “the board was unable to find clear and conclusive evidence pointing to a particular scenario as the ‘smoking gun’,” the report explained, but “the board concluded through a process of elimination that the most probable cause of the loss of from the mars observer was a massive failure of the pressurization side of the propulsion system. the board also concluded that the most probable cause of that failure was the unintended mixing of nitrogen (nto) and hydrazine (mmh) in the titanium tubing on the pressurization side of the propulsion system. this mixing was believed by the board to have been enabled by significant migration through check valves during the cruise phase from earth to mars. this conclusion is supported (but not proven) by data acquired by, by/mmh reaction simulations performed by [the naval research laboratory], and by/mmh mixing tests performed by [air force propulsion labs].” as to why the system hardware, adapted from a military prop module that normally needed a lifetime of only 12 hours, was used for a mission, the report added that “too much reliance was placed on the heritage of spacecraft hardware, software, and procedures, especially since the mars observer mission was fundamentally different from the missions of the satellites from which the heritage was derived.” it specifically criticized the propulsion system for “inappropriate isolation mechanisms between fuel and oxidizer for an interplanetary mission.” “the original [money-saving] philosophy of minor modifications to a commercial spacecraft was retained throughout the program,” the report continued. “the result was reliance on design and component heritage qualification that was inappropriate for the mission. examples of this reliance were the failure to qualify the traveling wave tube amplifiers for pyro firing shock [and] the design of the propulsion system.” whether or not this particular proposed failure mode is plausible (and from my own research concluded it was very plausible), it remains untrue to state (as dark mission does) that turning off the radio was “inexplicable” (and a violation of a “rule number one”) and that no satisfactory explanation for the failure was ever determined. leaving out these views resulted in a passage that i think was incomplete and misleading. mars polar lander (1999) i noted several dark mission references to me personally that deal with the 1999 failure of the mars polar lander (mpl) probe. on page 316: “james oberg published a story on that accused employees of knowing full well that the was doomed (due to software problems related to the landing legs) from very early on in the mission.” on page 317 this is called a “bizarre accusation”. the brief account of the article is garbled almost beyond recognition, casting serious doubts on the reading comprehension level of the author who did this section. in the summary (“james oberg published a story on that accused employees of knowing full well that the was doomed due to software problems related to the landing legs from very early on in the mission”), practically every word is wrong. alleged of the impending failure had nothing to do with software. the article stated: as explained privately to, the mars polar lander braking thrusters had failed acceptance testing during its construction. but rather than begin an expensive and redesign, an unnamed space official simply altered the conditions of the testing until the engine passed. “they tested the [engine] ignition process at a temperature much higher than it would be in flight,”’s source said. this was done because when the [engines] were first tested at the low temperatures predicted after the long cruise from earth to mars, the ignition failed or was too unstable to be controlled. so the test conditions were changed in order to certify the engine performance. but the conditions then no longer represented those most likely to occur on the real space flight. “i’m as certain as i can be that the thing blew up,” the source concluded. that potential failure mode was not known “from very early on in the mission”, but only at the very end: “following the september loss of the first spacecraft due to management errors, nasa had initiated a crash review of the mars polar lander to identify any similar oversights. according to’s source, the flaws in the [engine] testing were uncovered only a few days before the landing was to occur on december 3. by then it was too late to do anything about it.” the brief account of the article is garbled almost beyond recognition, casting serious doubts on the reading comprehension level of the author who did this section. the specific software problem with the landing leg sensor scenario was not known before the landing at all, and the article clearly states that it was discovered after the crash: “the mars polar lander investigation team has also reportedly identified a second fatal design flaw that would have doomed the probe even if the engines had functioned properly. tests have shown that when the legs are initially unfolded during the final descent, springs push them so hard that they ‘bounce’ and trigger the by accident. as a result, the computer receives what it believes are indications of a successful touchdown, and it shuts off the engines. ground testing prior to launch apparently never detected this because each of the tests was performed in isolation from other tests. one team verified that the legs unfolded properly. another team verified that the functioned on landing.” in a simple reading comprehension verification test, this one incident indicates a severe problem with the authors’ ability to understand, and restate, simple english about space technology. in one sentence, there were three swings, and three strikes. by the way, after official denunciations of the story i had written (i have the honor of being the only journalist ever denounced by name in an official nasa press release), the story turned out even worse than i had written. space engineers fudged the test results, after all. my source was wrong about this, this time, the first occasion in a long sequence of accurate leaks. what was far worse was that nasa had decided that any such tests even necessary. the engine ignition system was never tested at temperatures expected out at mars, because said) the engine had already flown in space on some other mission and so need to be requalified. but nasa press officials, despite repeated inquiries from me and promises of cooperation from them, never disclosed the space mission(s) that these special engines had been originally flown on. the same design engines are installed aboard the mars phoenix lander now on route. hopefully, improvements have been made. page 2: mars climate orbiter >>

mɑrz əbˈzərvər wɑz wən əv θri ˈnæsə mɑrz ˈmɪʃənz lɔst ɪn ðə bɪˈkəz əv ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈɛrərz, ənd nɑt ɛz pɑrt əv ə ˈbrɔdər kənˈspɪrəsi. ðə dɑrk saɪd əv speɪs dɪˈzæstər ˈθɪriz speɪs dɪˈzæstərz əˈtrækt soʊ məʧ ˈpəblɪk əˈtɛnʃən ənd ˈɔfən ˌɪnˈvɑlv səʧ ˈkɑmplɛks ənd ˈsətəl ˈsikwənsɪz əv ɪˈvɛnts ðət ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈlɪtərəʧər əv causes”*” ɔn pɑr wɪθ ˌʤeɪˌɛfˈkeɪ əˌsæsəˈneɪʃən mɪθs. tɪ ðə dɪˈgri ðət ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv æˈnælɪsɪs ɪz ˈɔfən ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ ˈpɑrʃəl ənd ˈɔfən ˈgɑrbəld ˈʃɑkɪŋ ˈkɔzəl ˈsikwəns ˈlidɪŋ frəm ˈgʊdnɪs tɪ dɪˈzæstər, ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈpɪriəd dɪˈmændz ðət ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈʤəʤmənt bi hɛld ˈsəmˈwət ɪn ʧɛk soʊ ɛz nɑt tɪ dɪˈskərɪʤ ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wəns ə ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ʤɛlz, ɪz ˈtɛstɪd, ənd ðɛn ɪz ˈəltəmətli ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd baɪ biɪŋ ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ənd hɛns rɪˈdusɪŋ fˈjuʧər flaɪt ˈhæzərdz, ðət əˈfɪʃəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən əˈʧivz ə səbˈstænʃəl ˈlɛvəl əv ˌɔθənˈtɪsɪti. bət nɑt tɪ ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən, əˈpɛrəntli, ɛz ə sərʧ əv ˌnɑntrəˈdɪʃənəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃənz əv ðə əˈpɑloʊ 1 faɪər, ðə əˈpɑloʊ 13 ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn, ðə ˈʧælɪnʤər dɪˌsɪnəˈgreɪʃən, ənd ðə kəˈləmbiə kəˈtæstrəfi, huz fɪθ ˌænəˈvərsəri naʊ əˈproʊʧɪz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪn ðə keɪs əv kəˈləmbiə, ˈjuˌtub ɪz fʊl əv ˈvɪdioʊz frəm ˈɛkspərts stɪl kənˈvɪnst ə frik boʊlt əv ˌaɪˌɑnɔsˈfɛrɪk ˈlaɪtnɪŋ ˈkrɪpəld ðə ˈspeɪsˌʃɪp. ə ˈfeɪməs ˈfoʊtəˌgræf səˈpoʊzədli ʃoʊz ðət boʊlt, ˈivɪn ðoʊ speɪs ˈɛkspərts hæv lɔŋ bɪn ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd ðət ðə bɪˈzɑr ˈɪmɪʤ wɑz ˈmɪrli ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈkæmərə ˈʤɪgəl ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ɪkˈspoʊʒər. əˈpɑrt frəm ðə ˈkɑmɪk rɪˈlif ˈvælju əv səʧ ˈkrækˌpɑt aɪˈdiəz, ə ˈdɑrkər ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈkəlʧərəl pəˈθɑləʤi, ʤɪst ɛz ðɛr ər ˈsɪriəs æˈnælɪˌsiz ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsoʊʃəli ˈtɑksɪk ˈifɛkts əv ðə ˌʤeɪˌɛfˈkeɪ əˌsæsəˈneɪʃən theories”*”. fər spaceflight*, biɪŋ dɪˈstræktɪd baɪ ðə rɔŋ kɔz minz biɪŋ ˈtɛmptɪd baɪ ðə rɔŋ fɪks. ˈnɛvər əmˈjuzɪŋ, ənd ˈɔfən kən bi ɪkˈspɛnsɪv. fər spaceflight*, biɪŋ dɪˈstræktɪd baɪ ðə rɔŋ kɔz minz biɪŋ ˈtɛmptɪd baɪ ðə rɔŋ fɪks. ˈnɛvər əmˈjuzɪŋ, ənd ˈɔfən kən bi ɪkˈspɛnsɪv. ɛz ən ɪˈgriʤəs example”*” əv rɔŋ ˈkɔzɪz, ə ˈrisənt bʊk (dɑrk ˈmɪʃən, baɪ ˈrɪʧərd ˈhoʊglənd ənd ˈmaɪkəl ˈbɑrə) spɛnt ə lɔt əv taɪm ˈmədiɪŋ ðə ˈwɔtərz ˈoʊvər ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈnæsə mɑrz ˈmɪʃən ˈfeɪljərz ɪn ðə. ðɪs ʤɪst səm rɪˈmoʊt ˈkɔrnər əv ən ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈgɛtoʊ ɔn ðə bʊk keɪm wɪˈθɪn wən tɪk mɑrk əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈɔntu ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈbɛˈsɛlərz lɪst fər ˈpeɪpərˌbæk nɑnˈfɪkʃən (ɪt riʧt 21 ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd). soʊ ɛz ən ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪn ˈkəlʧərəl ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns ənd ɪn ˈprɑsələˌtaɪzɪŋ saʊnd safety”*” ˈhɪstəri, hir ɪz ə dɪˈteɪld lʊk æt ðə kleɪmz, ðə dɪˈluʒənz, ənd ðə ˈɛrərz ɪn ðət ˈtritmənt əv ðiz speɪs ˈæksədənts. mɑrz əbˈzərvər 1993 dɑrk ˈmɪʃən pɔrˈtreɪz ðə ˈfeɪljər əv ðə mɑrz əbˈzərvər proʊb ɪn 1993 ɛz ə dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt ækt baɪ ˈnæsə tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən əv ɪts ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs əv ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ˈmɑrʃən ruɪnz. bət ðə dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ðə ɪˈvɛnts ɪz ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt wɪθ əˈkaʊnts, rɪˈpɔrts ˌnɑnəgˈzɪstənt ɪˈvɛnts, ənd oʊˈmɪts ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃənz fər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfiʧərz əv ðə flaɪt plæn. ɔl əv ðɪs kən bi ˈizəli kənˈfərmd θru ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsərʧɪz. dɑrk ˈmɪʃən, pp*. ““nasa*, ɪn əˈnəðər ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd muv, hæd ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbli ˈɔrdərd mɑrz əbˈzərvər tɪ ʃət ɔf ɪts ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈdætə strim praɪər tɪ ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ ə ki burn…*… bɪˈkəz ˈnæsə hæd ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ðə fərst rul əv speɪs ˈnɛvər tərn ɔf ðə kɔz fər ðə lɔs wɑz ˈɛvər ˌsætɪsˈfæktrəli determined.”*.” ˈæˌkʧuəli, ˈwɛðər ə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ɪz tərnd ɔn ər ɔf, ˈpræktɪkəli ɔl ˈɔrbətəl ˌɪnˈsərʃən bərnz ɔn ˈlunər ənd ˈplænəˌtɛri ˈmɪʃənz əˈkər aʊt əv ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈkɑnˌtækt. ðɪs ɪz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˌʤiəˈmɛtrɪk əˈlaɪnmənt əv ðə proʊb ˈpæsɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈplænət (ər mun) ənd hɛns ˈhævɪŋ ɪts ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsɪgnəlz blɑkt. soʊ ˈkipɪŋ ə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ tərnd ɔn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðiz ˈpɪriədz ɪz əˈbaʊt ɛz ˈjusləs ɛz ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ ˈwɪndˌʃild ˈwaɪpərz. tɪ maɪ ˈnɑlɪʤ, ðɛr ɪz noʊ rul əv spaceflight”*” əˈbaʊt ˈnɛvər ˈtərnɪŋ ˈreɪdiˌoʊz ɔf. ˌɪntərˈplænəˌtɛri proʊbz du ðɪs ɔl ðə taɪm. ðə ““rule”*” ɪz ˌɪˈmæʤəˌnɛri. aɪ faɪnd ˈɛni ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən ˈɛniˌwɛr ðət prəˈvaɪdz ðɪs ““rule”*”. aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt ðət ðə dɑrk ˈmɪʃən ˈɔθərz ʤɪst ˌɪˈmæʤənd ɪt. ðə məˈnuvər ðət mɑrz əbˈzərvər wɑz tɪ pərˈfɔrm wɑz nɑt ˈivɪn, ɛz dɑrk ˈmɪʃən kleɪmz, ə burn”*”. ɪt wɑz nɑt ə bərn əv ˈɛni kaɪnd. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ɪt wɑz ðə ˈfaɪərrɪŋ əv ɪkˈsploʊsɪv boʊlts tɪ ˈoʊpən tu tæŋks ðət wʊd əˈlaʊ ðə fjuəl tɪ bi pʊʃt ˈɪntu ðə ˈɛnʤənz ˈsɛvərəl deɪz ˈleɪtər. ðɛr ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ ““inexplicable”*” əˈbaʊt ˈtərnɪŋ ɔf ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ fər ðə ˈfaɪərrɪŋ əv ðə ˌpaɪroʊˈtɛknɪk boʊlts. ðə ʃɑrp ʃɑk əv ðə ˌdɛtəˈneɪʃənz wɑz θɔt tɪ bi ə ˈhæzərd tɪ ðə hɑt ˈfɪləmənt ɪn ə ki ˈreɪdiˌoʊ kəmˈpoʊnənt, wɪʧ ɪz məʧ lɛs ˈbrɪtəl wɪn koʊld. hɑt ˈfɪləmənts kən ˈʃætər ˈəndər ʃɑks ðət koʊld wənz ˈivɪn ˈnoʊtɪs. ðɪs ɪz ˈklɪrli ɪkˈspleɪnd ɪn ˈdɑkjəmənts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈæksədənt rɪˈpɔrt. ju ˈoʊnli hæv tɪ sərʧ əbˈzərvər ˈæksədənt report”*” tɪ bi lɛd raɪt tɪ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən bɔrd report”*”. ˈkipɪŋ ə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ tərnd ɔn ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈɔrbət ˌɪnˈsərʃən bərnz ɪz əˈbaʊt ɛz ˈjusləs ɛz ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ ˈwɪndˌʃild ˈwaɪpərz. waɪ wɑz ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ tərnd ɔf? əˈkɔrdəns wɪθ ðə ˈpəblɪʃt flaɪt rulz, ðə trænsˈmɪtər ɔn ðə ˈspeɪˌskræft hæd bɪn tərnd ɔf ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌprɛʃərɪˈzeɪʃən ˈsikwəns ɔn 21 august…*… tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈspeɪˌskræft ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈfrikwənsi trænsˈmɪtər frəm ˈdæmɪʤ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌprɛʃərɪˈzeɪʃən ˈsikwəns (ɔlˈbiɪt ə ˈvɛri loʊ ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti), ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə kəˈmænd tɪ tərn ɔf ðə mɑrz əbˈzərvər trænˈspɑndər ənd ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈfrikwənsi (rf*) təˈlɛmətri paʊər ˈæmpləˌfaɪər fər ə ˈpɪriəd əv tɛn ˈmɪnəts. ðɪs wɑz ə ˈstændərd prəˈsiʤər ðət hæd bɪn ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ˈərliər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə mission.”*.” ðə rɪˈpɔrt geɪv ˈfərðər ˈditeɪlz: ˈsikwəns ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə ˈfaɪərrɪŋ əv tu ˌpaɪroʊˈtɛknɪk vælvz, ðət wʊd əˈlaʊ ˈgæsiəs ˈhiliəm tɪ ˈprɛʃərˌaɪz ðə ˈnaɪtrəʤən ˈɑksɪˌdaɪzər tæŋk ənd ðə ˈhaɪdrəˌzin fjuəl tank.”*.” mɔr ɔn pi. 25 əv ðə rɪˈpɔrt: ɪgˈzɪstəd ɪn ðə mɑrz əbˈzərvər ˈprɑʤɛkt tim ðət ðə ɪˈvɛnt maɪt ˈdæmɪʤ ðə ˈtrævəlɪŋ weɪv tub ˈæmpləˌfaɪərz ɪn ðə ˈspeɪˌskræft ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈsɪstəm ɪf ðə ˈæmpləˌfaɪərz wər lɛft on.”*.” nɔr ɪz ɪt tru ðət kɔz fər ðə lɔs wɑz ˈɛvər ˌsætɪsˈfæktrəli determined”*”, ɛz dɑrk ˈmɪʃən kleɪmz. tɪ ðə ˈkɑntrɛri, ɪn ˈhaɪnˌsaɪt ɪt wɑz ˌɛkˈskrusiˌeɪtɪŋli klɪr wət ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli ˈhæpənd. bɔrd wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ faɪnd klɪr ənd kənˈklusɪv ˈɛvədəns ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr sɪˈnɛrioʊ ɛz ðə gun’,”*’,” ðə rɪˈpɔrt ɪkˈspleɪnd, bət bɔrd kənˈkludɪd θru ə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən ðət ðə moʊst ˈprɑbəbəl kɔz əv ðə lɔs əv frəm ðə mɑrz əbˈzərvər wɑz ə ˈmæsɪv ˈfeɪljər əv ðə ˌprɛʃərɪˈzeɪʃən saɪd əv ðə prəˈpəlʃən ˈsɪstəm. ðə bɔrd ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈkludɪd ðət ðə moʊst ˈprɑbəbəl kɔz əv ðət ˈfeɪljər wɑz ðə ˌənɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈmɪksɪŋ əv ˈnaɪtrəʤən (nto*) ənd ˈhaɪdrəˌzin (mmh*) ɪn ðə taɪˈteɪniəm ˈtubɪŋ ɔn ðə ˌprɛʃərɪˈzeɪʃən saɪd əv ðə prəˈpəlʃən ˈsɪstəm. ðɪs ˈmɪksɪŋ wɑz bɪˈlivd baɪ ðə bɔrd tɪ hæv bɪn ɪˈneɪbəld baɪ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt maɪˈgreɪʃən θru ʧɛk vælvz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kruz feɪz frəm ərθ tɪ mɑrz. ðɪs kənˈkluʒən ɪz səˈpɔrtɪd (bət nɑt ˈpruvən) baɪ ˈdætə əkˈwaɪərd baɪ, baɪ riˈækʃən ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃənz pərˈfɔrmd baɪ [ðə ˈneɪvəl ˈrisərʧ ˈlæbrəˌtɔri], ənd baɪ ˈmɪksɪŋ tɛsts pərˈfɔrmd baɪ [ɛr fɔrs prəˈpəlʃən labs].”*].” ɛz tɪ waɪ ðə ˈsɪstəm ˈhɑrdˌwɛr, əˈdæptɪd frəm ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri prɑp ˈmɑʤul ðət ˈnɔrməli ˈnidɪd ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əv ˈoʊnli 12 aʊərz, wɑz juzd fər ə ˈmɪʃən, ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈædɪd ðət məʧ rɪˈlaɪəns wɑz pleɪst ɔn ðə ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ əv ˈspeɪˌskræft ˈhɑrdˌwɛr, ˈsɔfˌwɛr, ənd prəˈsiʤərz, əˈspɛʃəli sɪns ðə mɑrz əbˈzərvər ˈmɪʃən wɑz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðə ˈmɪʃənz əv ðə ˈsætəˌlaɪts frəm wɪʧ ðə ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ wɑz derived.”*.” ɪt spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðə prəˈpəlʃən ˈsɪstəm fər ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz bɪtˈwin fjuəl ənd ˈɑksɪˌdaɪzər fər ən ˌɪntərˈplænəˌtɛri mission.”*.” ərˈɪʤənəl [money-saving*] fəˈlɑsəfi əv ˈmaɪnər ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz tɪ ə kəˈmərʃəl ˈspeɪˌskræft wɑz rɪˈteɪnd θruaʊt ðə program,”*,” ðə rɪˈpɔrt kənˈtɪnjud. rɪˈzəlt wɑz rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn dɪˈzaɪn ənd kəmˈpoʊnənt ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən ðət wɑz ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt fər ðə ˈmɪʃən. ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv ðɪs rɪˈlaɪəns wər ðə ˈfeɪljər tɪ kˈwɑləˌfaɪ ðə ˈtrævəlɪŋ weɪv tub ˈæmpləˌfaɪərz fər ˈpaɪroʊ ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ʃɑk [ənd] ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ðə prəˈpəlʃən system.”*.” ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr prəˈpoʊzd ˈfeɪljər moʊd ɪz ˈplɔzəbəl (ənd frəm maɪ oʊn ˈrisərʧ kənˈkludɪd ɪt wɑz ˈvɛri ˈplɔzəbəl), ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz ənˈtru tɪ steɪt (ɛz dɑrk ˈmɪʃən dɪz) ðət ˈtərnɪŋ ɔf ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ wɑz ““inexplicable”*” (ənd ə vaɪəˈleɪʃən əv ə ˈnəmbər one”*”) ənd ðət noʊ ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər ðə ˈfeɪljər wɑz ˈɛvər dɪˈtərmənd. ˈlivɪŋ aʊt ðiz vjuz rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ə ˈpæsɪʤ ðət aɪ θɪŋk wɑz ˌɪnkəmˈplit ənd mɪsˈlidɪŋ. mɑrz ˈpoʊlər ˈlændər 1999 aɪ ˈnoʊtɪd ˈsɛvərəl dɑrk ˈmɪʃən ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ mi ˈpərsənəli ðət dil wɪθ ðə 1999 ˈfeɪljər əv ðə mɑrz ˈpoʊlər ˈlændər (mpl*) proʊb. ɔn peɪʤ 316 ˈoʊbərg ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈstɔri ɔn ðət əˈkjuzd ɪmˈplɔɪiz əv noʊɪŋ fʊl wɛl ðət ðə wɑz dumd (du tɪ ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈprɑbləmz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈlændɪŋ lɛgz) frəm ˈvɛri ˈərli ɔn ɪn ðə mission.”*.” ɔn peɪʤ 317 ðɪs ɪz kɔld ə accusation”*”. ðə brif əˈkaʊnt əv ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz ˈgɑrbəld ˈɔlˌmoʊst bɪɔnd ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən, ˈkæstɪŋ ˈsɪriəs daʊts ɔn ðə ˈrɛdɪŋ ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnʃən ˈlɛvəl əv ðə ˈɔθər hu dɪd ðɪs ˈsɛkʃən. ɪn ðə ˈsəməri ˈoʊbərg ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈstɔri ɔn ðət əˈkjuzd ɪmˈplɔɪiz əv noʊɪŋ fʊl wɛl ðət ðə wɑz dumd du tɪ ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈprɑbləmz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈlændɪŋ lɛgz frəm ˈvɛri ˈərli ɔn ɪn ðə mission”*”), ˈpræktɪkəli ˈɛvəri wərd ɪz rɔŋ. əˈlɛʤd əv ðə ˌɪmˈpɛndɪŋ ˈfeɪljər hæd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈsteɪtɪd: ɛz ɪkˈspleɪnd ˈpraɪvətli tɪ, ðə mɑrz ˈpoʊlər ˈlændər ˈbreɪkɪŋ θˈrəstərz hæd feɪld əkˈsɛptəns ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ɪts kənˈstrəkʃən. bət ˈrəðər ðən bɪˈgɪn ən ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ənd ˌridɪˈzaɪn, ən ənˈneɪmd speɪs əˈfɪʃəl ˈsɪmpli ˈɔltərd ðə kənˈdɪʃənz əv ðə ˈtɛstɪŋ ənˈtɪl ðə ˈɪnʤən pæst. ˈtɛstɪd ðə [ˈɪnʤən] ˌɪgˈnɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs æt ə ˈtɛmpərəʧər məʧ haɪər ðən ɪt wʊd bi ɪn flight,”*,” sɔrs sɛd. ðɪs wɑz dən bɪˈkəz wɪn ðə [ˈɛnʤənz] wər fərst ˈtɛstɪd æt ðə loʊ ˈtɛmpərəʧərz prɪˈdɪktɪd ˈæftər ðə lɔŋ kruz frəm ərθ tɪ mɑrz, ðə ˌɪgˈnɪʃən feɪld ər wɑz tu ənˈsteɪbəl tɪ bi kənˈtroʊld. soʊ ðə tɛst kənˈdɪʃənz wər ʧeɪnʤd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈsərtəˌfaɪ ðə ˈɪnʤən pərˈfɔrməns. bət ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ðɛn noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ðoʊz moʊst ˈlaɪkli tɪ əˈkər ɔn ðə ril speɪs flaɪt. ɛz ˈsərtən ɛz aɪ kən bi ðət ðə θɪŋ blu up,”*,” ðə sɔrs kənˈkludɪd. ðət pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈfeɪljər moʊd wɑz nɑt noʊn ˈvɛri ˈərli ɔn ɪn ðə mission”*”, bət ˈoʊnli æt ðə ˈvɛri ɛnd: ðə sɛpˈtɛmbər lɔs əv ðə fərst ˈspeɪˌskræft du tɪ ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈɛrərz, ˈnæsə hæd ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ə kræʃ ˌrivˈju əv ðə mɑrz ˈpoʊlər ˈlændər tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈɛni ˈsɪmələr oversights*. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ sɔrs, ðə flɔz ɪn ðə [ˈɪnʤən] ˈtɛstɪŋ wər ənˈkəvərd ˈoʊnli ə fju deɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈlændɪŋ wɑz tɪ əˈkər ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 3 baɪ ðɛn ɪt wɑz tu leɪt tɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt it.”*.” ðə brif əˈkaʊnt əv ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz ˈgɑrbəld ˈɔlˌmoʊst bɪɔnd ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən, ˈkæstɪŋ ˈsɪriəs daʊts ɔn ðə ˈrɛdɪŋ ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnʃən ˈlɛvəl əv ðə ˈɔθər hu dɪd ðɪs ˈsɛkʃən. ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ðə ˈlændɪŋ lɛg ˈsɛnsər sɪˈnɛrioʊ wɑz nɑt noʊn ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈlændɪŋ æt ɔl, ənd ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈklɪrli steɪts ðət ɪt wɑz dɪˈskəvərd ˈæftər ðə kræʃ: mɑrz ˈpoʊlər ˈlændər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən tim həz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈpɔrtədli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ə ˈsɛkənd ˈfeɪtəl dɪˈzaɪn flɔ ðət wʊd hæv dumd ðə proʊb ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˈɛnʤənz hæd ˈfəŋkʃənd ˈprɑpərli. tɛsts hæv ʃoʊn ðət wɪn ðə lɛgz ər ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ənˈfoʊldəd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪnəl dɪˈsɛnt, spərɪŋz pʊʃ ðɛm soʊ hɑrd ðət ðeɪ ‘‘bounce’*’ ənd ˈtrɪgər ðə baɪ ˈæksədənt. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðə kəmˈpjutər rɪˈsivz wət ɪt bɪˈlivz ər ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz əv ə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈtəʧˌdaʊn, ənd ɪt ʃəts ɔf ðə ˈɛnʤənz. graʊnd ˈtɛstɪŋ praɪər tɪ lɔnʧ əˈpɛrəntli ˈnɛvər dɪˈtɛktɪd ðɪs bɪˈkəz iʧ əv ðə tɛsts wɑz pərˈfɔrmd ɪn ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən frəm ˈəðər tɛsts. wən tim ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ðət ðə lɛgz ənˈfoʊldəd ˈprɑpərli. əˈnəðər tim ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ðət ðə ˈfəŋkʃənd ɔn landing.”*.” ɪn ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈrɛdɪŋ ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnʃən ˌvɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən tɛst, ðɪs wən ˈɪnsədənt ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ə səˈvɪr ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ðə authors’*’ əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd, ənd riˈsteɪt, ˈsɪmpəl ˈɪŋlɪʃ əˈbaʊt speɪs tɛkˈnɑləʤi. ɪn wən ˈsɛntəns, ðɛr wər θri swɪŋz, ənd θri straɪks. baɪ ðə weɪ, ˈæftər əˈfɪʃəl dɪˌnənsiˈeɪʃənz əv ðə ˈstɔri aɪ hæd ˈrɪtən (aɪ hæv ðə ˈɑnər əv biɪŋ ðə ˈoʊnli ˈʤərnəlɪst ˈɛvər dɪˈnaʊnst baɪ neɪm ɪn ən əˈfɪʃəl ˈnæsə prɛs riˈlis), ðə ˈstɔri tərnd aʊt ˈivɪn wərs ðən aɪ hæd ˈrɪtən. speɪs ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz fəʤd ðə tɛst rɪˈzəlts, ˈæftər ɔl. maɪ sɔrs wɑz rɔŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs, ðɪs taɪm, ðə fərst əˈkeɪʒən ɪn ə lɔŋ ˈsikwəns əv ˈækjərət liks. wət wɑz fɑr wərs wɑz ðət ˈnæsə hæd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət ˈɛni səʧ tɛsts ˈivɪn ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ðə ˈɪnʤən ˌɪgˈnɪʃən ˈsɪstəm wɑz ˈnɛvər ˈtɛstɪd æt ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ɪkˈspɛktɪd aʊt æt mɑrz, bɪˈkəz sɛd) ðə ˈɪnʤən hæd ɔˈrɛdi floʊn ɪn speɪs ɔn səm ˈəðər ˈmɪʃən ənd soʊ nid tɪ bi requalified*. bət ˈnæsə prɛs əˈfɪʃəlz, dɪˈspaɪt rɪˈpitɪd ˌɪnkˈwaɪəriz frəm mi ənd ˈprɑməsəz əv kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən frəm ðɛm, ˈnɛvər dɪˈskloʊzd ðə speɪs mission(s*) ðət ðiz ˈspɛʃəl ˈɛnʤənz hæd bɪn ərˈɪʤənəli floʊn ɔn. ðə seɪm dɪˈzaɪn ˈɛnʤənz ər ˌɪnˈstɔld əˈbɔrd ðə mɑrz ˈfinɪks ˈlændər naʊ ɔn rut. ˈhoʊpfəli, ˌɪmˈpruvmənts hæv bɪn meɪd. peɪʤ 2 mɑrz ˈklaɪmɪt ˈɔrbətər

the birth of the traveling was a happy accident. warner bros. records’ international department had asked that george harrison come up with a for “this is love,” a single from his cloud nine album. at the time it was customary to couple an with a track, giving the single extra sales value. this was. cloud nine was just out. george, along with jeff lynne and their friends bob dylan, tom petty, and roy orbison, had been hanging out in studio. i suppose george figured that as long as his pals were on hand, why not use them to knock off this flipside? a couple of days later george came by my office to play the new “b-side.” we went next door to head lenny office so he could hear it too. george played us “handle with care.” our reaction was immediate. this was a song we knew could not be wasted on some. roy vocal was tremendous. i really loved the beautiful guitar figure that george played. the guys had really nailed it. lenny and i stumbled over each others’ words, asking, “can’t we somehow turn this into an album?” (i also had a suspicion that perhaps george had been hungering for another band experience.) we urged him on. george felt the spontaneity of it, felt its driving force. he always had great instincts. being as smart as he was he had a remarkable ability to pull people together. think about the concert for bangladesh only george harrison could have made that happen. once the idea of a full, collaborative album was in front of us, george took over. the five (harrison, lynne, petty, dylan, and orbison) decided not to use their own names. george and jeff had been calling studio equipment (limiters, equalizers) “wilburys.” so first they named their the trembling. jeff suggested “traveling” instead. everyone agreed.

ðə bərθ əv ðə ˈtrævəlɪŋ wɑz ə ˈhæpi ˈæksədənt. ˈwɔrnər bros*. records’*’ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl dɪˈpɑrtmənt hæd æst ðət ʤɔrʤ ˈhɛrɪsən kəm əp wɪθ ə fər ɪz love,”*,” ə ˈsɪŋgəl frəm hɪz klaʊd naɪn ˈælbəm. æt ðə taɪm ɪt wɑz ˈkəstəˌmɛri tɪ ˈkəpəl ən wɪθ ə træk, ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɛkstrə seɪlz ˈvælju. ðɪs wɑz klaʊd naɪn wɑz ʤɪst aʊt. ʤɔrʤ, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ʤɛf lɪn ənd ðɛr frɛndz bɑb ˈdɪlən, tɑm ˈpɛˌti, ənd rɔɪ orbison*, hæd bɪn ˈhæŋɪŋ aʊt ɪn ˈstudiˌoʊ. aɪ səˈpoʊz ʤɔrʤ ˈfɪgjərd ðət ɛz lɔŋ ɛz hɪz pælz wər ɔn hænd, waɪ nɑt juz ðɛm tɪ nɑk ɔf ðɪs flipside*? ə ˈkəpəl əv deɪz ˈleɪtər ʤɔrʤ keɪm baɪ maɪ ˈɔfəs tɪ pleɪ ðə nu ““b-side.”*.” wi wɛnt nɛkst dɔr tɪ hɛd ˈlɛni ˈɔfəs soʊ hi kʊd hir ɪt tu. ʤɔrʤ pleɪd ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ care.”*.” ɑr riˈækʃən wɑz ˌɪˈmiˌdiət. ðɪs wɑz ə sɔŋ wi nu kʊd nɑt bi ˈweɪstɪd ɔn səm. rɔɪ ˈvoʊkəl wɑz trɪˈmɛndəs. aɪ ˈrɪli ləvd ðə ˈbjutəfəl gɪˈtɑr ˈfɪgjər ðət ʤɔrʤ pleɪd. ðə gaɪz hæd ˈrɪli neɪld ɪt. ˈlɛni ənd aɪ ˈstəmbəld ˈoʊvər iʧ others’*’ wərdz, ˈæskɪŋ, wi ˈsəmˌhaʊ tərn ðɪs ˈɪntu ən album?”*?” (aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ə səˈspɪʃən ðət pərˈhæps ʤɔrʤ hæd bɪn ˈhəŋgərɪŋ fər əˈnəðər bænd ɪkˈspɪriəns.) wi ərʤd ɪm ɔn. ʤɔrʤ fɛlt ðə ˌspɑntəˈniəti əv ɪt, fɛlt ɪts ˈdraɪvɪŋ fɔrs. hi ˈɔlˌweɪz hæd greɪt ˈɪnstɪŋkts. biɪŋ ɛz smɑrt ɛz hi wɑz hi hæd ə rɪˈmɑrkəbəl əˈbɪləˌti tɪ pʊl ˈpipəl təˈgɛðər. θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkɑnsərt fər ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ ˈoʊnli ʤɔrʤ ˈhɛrɪsən kʊd hæv meɪd ðət ˈhæpən. wəns ðə aɪˈdiə əv ə fʊl, kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv ˈælbəm wɑz ɪn frənt əv ˈjuˈɛs, ʤɔrʤ tʊk ˈoʊvər. ðə faɪv (ˈhɛrɪsən, lɪn, ˈpɛˌti, ˈdɪlən, ənd orbison*) ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd nɑt tɪ juz ðɛr oʊn neɪmz. ʤɔrʤ ənd ʤɛf hæd bɪn ˈkɔlɪŋ ˈstudiˌoʊ ɪkˈwɪpmənt (limiters*, equalizers*) ““wilburys.”*.” soʊ fərst ðeɪ neɪmd ðɛr ðə ˈtrɛmbəlɪŋ. ʤɛf səˈʤɛstɪd ““traveling”*” ˌɪnˈstɛd. ˈɛvriˌwən əˈgrid.

coding may 2016 the unintended byproducts of code whenever i start on a large, i need to justify that the exercise is truly worthwhile. am i objectively and unequivocally improving the of the? if finished and the is no more readable or than it was when i began, argue there were better ways to have used my time. while the goal might seem obvious, executing on it is often trickier than think. the two goals of any every has two goals. the immediate goal is technical. i have something in my code that feel quite right. perhaps a leaky abstraction, a convoluted dependency, repeated code, or a poorly encapsulated concept that throughout the entire application. i then start laying out the to get from the to the glorious vision of my future code. with the completion of each small step, i my automated tests, commit, then move on. after enough iterations, my plan slowly begins aligning like the pieces on a board. eventually, i get to that one final, satisfying long piece, if you will. ahhh….the completion of a it is at this point where the abscess has been removed and whatever smelled in my no longer smells. ready to pull the fresh new code into our master branch. however, easy to fall into the trap of assuming the work is done. that’s because the second goal of a is the more important one. has the of the actually improved? if achieved the technical goal (the leak is gone!), then, think the would automatically be more readable and. but, found that the attention required to achieve the technical can blind me to this critical—goal. that new smell if is like carpentry, then, accomplishing its technical goals will leave some unwanted byproducts— discarded pieces left unknowingly on the workbench or a film of sawdust hovering over the entire body of work. in order to make a truly complete, we need to go back, wipe up our workspace, and apply some polish. after you celebrate the technical achievements of your code, look back at your work to see if you inadvertently introduced some new smells. make sure you simply traded off old technical debt for new technical debt that need to pay back later. code appendages a sometimes introduces a bunch of appendages into your code. are there any parameters passed into methods? are there local variables that are now lying around with nothing specific to do? for instance, if moving a piece of functionality out of a method doing too many things, very likely that the original method now has extra references that just needed anymore. in the midst of the, you may be so focused on the extraction, that you forget to clean these bits up. and, by cleaning it up, you may uncover a trail of other code that can go into the trash bin as well. without this cleanup, just added the debt of useless code to your system. that might make the newly just as hard to read. misleading names when moved code around your application to get the pieces fitting just right, revisit how named the methods, properties, and classes that have undergone the facelift. do these names still make sense? do the comments around these methods still apply? when in the same code daily, you might not even notice that the name of a variable or method is misleading because so familiar with it. but, to someone coming into the fresh (or, if you happen to take a few weeks off and come back later), misleading names will be detrimental to their understanding of the system. uncovering other smells often, a of one thing uncovers other code smells that as obvious before. in a recent i did, my end goal was to standardize how we handle permissions. the technical goal was to consolidate this code to a single class and move the responsibility of using this class from classes to classes. by doing so, i also exposed some places in our code where the same permissions checks were now being done multiple times in these class. this redundancy was always there. it just had been hidden because the calls were done lower in the chain by separate methods. had i stopped the without taking another look at the code after the fact, i may have missed the opportunity to keep the code dry. be leaving in (now more obvious) technical debt. for most of the unintended left after a, there are tools at our disposal that can help us. as a .net programmer, a tool like can detect these common smells so we have to go hunting them down ourselves. in the end, a truly complete until our work and can objectively say the code is now more understandable.

ˈkoʊdɪŋ meɪ 2016 ðə ˌənɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈbaɪˌprɔdəkts əv koʊd wɛˈnɛvər aɪ stɑrt ɔn ə lɑrʤ, aɪ nid tɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ðət ðə ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪz ˈtruli ˈwərθˈwaɪl. æm aɪ ɑˈbʤɛktɪvli ənd ˌənikˈwɪvəkəli ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə əv ðə? ɪf ˈfɪnɪʃt ənd ðə ɪz noʊ mɔr ˈridəbəl ər ðən ɪt wɑz wɪn aɪ bɪˈgæn, ˈɑrgju ðɛr wər ˈbɛtər weɪz tɪ hæv juzd maɪ taɪm. waɪl ðə goʊl maɪt sim ˈɑbviəs, ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ ɔn ɪt ɪz ˈɔfən ˈtrɪkiər ðən θɪŋk. ðə tu goʊlz əv ˈɛni ˈɛvəri həz tu goʊlz. ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət goʊl ɪz ˈtɛknɪkəl. aɪ hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn maɪ koʊd ðət fil kwaɪt raɪt. pərˈhæps ə ˈliki æbˈstrækʃən, ə ˈkɑnvəˌlutəd dɪˈpɛndənsi, rɪˈpitɪd koʊd, ər ə ˈpurli ɛnˈkæpsəˌleɪtɪd ˈkɑnsɛpt ðət θruaʊt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. aɪ ðɛn stɑrt leɪɪŋ aʊt ðə tɪ gɪt frəm ðə tɪ ðə ˈglɔriəs ˈvɪʒən əv maɪ fˈjuʧər koʊd. wɪθ ðə kəmˈpliʃən əv iʧ smɔl stɛp, aɪ maɪ ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd tɛsts, kəˈmɪt, ðɛn muv ɔn. ˈæftər ɪˈnəf ˌɪtəˈreɪʃənz, maɪ plæn sˈloʊli bɪˈgɪnz əˈlaɪnɪŋ laɪk ðə ˈpisɪz ɔn ə bɔrd. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, aɪ gɪt tɪ ðət wən ˈfaɪnəl, ˈsætɪsˌfaɪɪŋ lɔŋ pis, ɪf ju wɪl. kəmˈpliʃən əv ə ɪt ɪz æt ðɪs pɔɪnt wɛr ðə ˈæbˌsɛs həz bɪn riˈmuvd ənd ˌwəˈtɛvər smɛld ɪn maɪ noʊ ˈlɔŋgər smɛlz. ˈrɛdi tɪ pʊl ðə frɛʃ nu koʊd ˈɪntu ɑr ˈmæstər brænʧ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈizi tɪ fɔl ˈɪntu ðə træp əv əˈsumɪŋ ðə wərk ɪz dən. bɪˈkəz ðə ˈsɛkənd goʊl əv ə ɪz ðə mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt wən. həz ðə əv ðə ˈæˌkʧuəli ˌɪmˈpruvd? ɪf əˈʧivd ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl goʊl (ðə lik ɪz gɔn!), ðɛn, θɪŋk ðə wʊd ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli bi mɔr ˈridəbəl ənd. bət, faʊnd ðət ðə əˈtɛnʃən rikˈwaɪərd tɪ əˈʧiv ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl kən blaɪnd mi tɪ ðɪs critical—goal*. ðət nu smɛl ɪf ɪz laɪk ˈkɑrpəntri, ðɛn, əˈkɑmplɪʃɪŋ ɪts ˈtɛknɪkəl goʊlz wɪl liv səm ənˈwɔntɪd byproducts—*— dɪˈskɑrdɪd ˈpisɪz lɛft ənˈnoʊɪŋli ɔn ðə ˈwərkˌbɛnʧ ər ə fɪlm əv ˈsɔˌdəst ˈhəvərɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈbɑdi əv wərk. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ meɪk ə ˈtruli kəmˈplit, wi nid tɪ goʊ bæk, waɪp əp ɑr workspace*, ənd əˈplaɪ səm ˈpɑlɪʃ. ˈæftər ju ˈsɛləˌbreɪt ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl əˈʧivmənts əv jʊr koʊd, lʊk bæk æt jʊr wərk tɪ si ɪf ju ˌɪnədˈvərtəntli ˌɪntrəˈdust səm nu smɛlz. meɪk ʃʊr ju ˈsɪmpli ˈtreɪdɪd ɔf oʊld ˈtɛknɪkəl dɛt fər nu ˈtɛknɪkəl dɛt ðət nid tɪ peɪ bæk ˈleɪtər. koʊd əˈpɛndɪʤɪz ə ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˌɪntrəˈdusɪz ə bənʧ əv əˈpɛndɪʤɪz ˈɪntu jʊr koʊd. ər ðɛr ˈɛni pərˈæmətərz pæst ˈɪntu ˈmɛθədz? ər ðɛr ˈloʊkəl ˈvɛriəbəlz ðət ər naʊ laɪɪŋ əraʊnd wɪθ ˈnəθɪŋ spɪˈsɪfɪk tɪ du? fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪf ˈmuvɪŋ ə pis əv ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti aʊt əv ə ˈmɛθəd duɪŋ tu ˈmɛni θɪŋz, ˈvɛri ˈlaɪkli ðət ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈmɛθəd naʊ həz ˈɛkstrə ˈrɛfərənsɪz ðət ʤɪst ˈnidɪd ˌɛniˈmɔr. ɪn ðə mɪst əv ðə, ju meɪ bi soʊ ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə ɛkˈstrækʃən, ðət ju fərˈgɛt tɪ klin ðiz bɪts əp. ənd, baɪ ˈklinɪŋ ɪt əp, ju meɪ ənˈkəvər ə treɪl əv ˈəðər koʊd ðət kən goʊ ˈɪntu ðə træʃ bɪn ɛz wɛl. wɪˈθaʊt ðɪs ˈkliˌnəp, ʤɪst ˈædɪd ðə dɛt əv ˈjusləs koʊd tɪ jʊr ˈsɪstəm. ðət maɪt meɪk ðə ˈnuli ʤɪst ɛz hɑrd tɪ rɛd. mɪsˈlidɪŋ neɪmz wɪn muvd koʊd əraʊnd jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən tɪ gɪt ðə ˈpisɪz ˈfɪtɪŋ ʤɪst raɪt, riˈvɪzɪt haʊ neɪmd ðə ˈmɛθədz, ˈprɑpərtiz, ənd ˈklæsɪz ðət hæv ˌəndərˈgɔn ðə ˈfeɪsˌlɪft. du ðiz neɪmz stɪl meɪk sɛns? du ðə ˈkɑmɛnts əraʊnd ðiz ˈmɛθədz stɪl əˈplaɪ? wɪn ɪn ðə seɪm koʊd ˈdeɪli, ju maɪt nɑt ˈivɪn ˈnoʊtɪs ðət ðə neɪm əv ə ˈvɛriəbəl ər ˈmɛθəd ɪz mɪsˈlidɪŋ bɪˈkəz soʊ fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ɪt. bət, tɪ ˈsəmˌwən ˈkəmɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə frɛʃ (ər, ɪf ju ˈhæpən tɪ teɪk ə fju wiks ɔf ənd kəm bæk ˈleɪtər), mɪsˈlidɪŋ neɪmz wɪl bi ˌdɛtrəˈmɛnəl tɪ ðɛr ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə ˈsɪstəm. ənˈkəvərɪŋ ˈəðər smɛlz ˈɔfən, ə əv wən θɪŋ ˌənˈkəvərz ˈəðər koʊd smɛlz ðət ɛz ˈɑbviəs ˌbiˈfɔr. ɪn ə ˈrisənt aɪ dɪd, maɪ ɛnd goʊl wɑz tɪ ˈstændərˌdaɪz haʊ wi ˈhændəl pərˈmɪʃənz. ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl goʊl wɑz tɪ kənˈsɑlɪˌdeɪt ðɪs koʊd tɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl klæs ənd muv ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti əv ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs klæs frəm ˈklæsɪz tɪ ˈklæsɪz. baɪ duɪŋ soʊ, aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈspoʊzd səm ˈpleɪsɪz ɪn ɑr koʊd wɛr ðə seɪm pərˈmɪʃənz ʧɛks wər naʊ biɪŋ dən ˈməltəpəl taɪmz ɪn ðiz klæs. ðɪs rɪˈdəndənsi wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ðɛr. ɪt ʤɪst hæd bɪn ˈhɪdən bɪˈkəz ðə kɔlz wər dən loʊər ɪn ðə ʧeɪn baɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈmɛθədz. hæd aɪ stɑpt ðə wɪˈθaʊt ˈteɪkɪŋ əˈnəðər lʊk æt ðə koʊd ˈæftər ðə fækt, aɪ meɪ hæv mɪst ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ kip ðə koʊd draɪ. bi ˈlivɪŋ ɪn (naʊ mɔr ˈɑbviəs) ˈtɛknɪkəl dɛt. fər moʊst əv ðə ˌənɪnˈtɛndɪd lɛft ˈæftər ə, ðɛr ər tulz æt ɑr dɪˈspoʊzəl ðət kən hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs. ɛz ə .nɛt ˈproʊˌgræmər, ə tul laɪk kən dɪˈtɛkt ðiz ˈkɑmən smɛlz soʊ wi hæv tɪ goʊ ˈhəntɪŋ ðɛm daʊn ɑrˈsɛlvz. ɪn ðə ɛnd, ə ˈtruli kəmˈplit ənˈtɪl ɑr wərk ənd kən ɑˈbʤɛktɪvli seɪ ðə koʊd ɪz naʊ mɔr ˌəndərˈstændəbəl.

re: host for in miami from:reeda@dnc.org to: snowdenk@dnc.org, bobby_schmuck@who.eop.gov, marshall@dnc.org, reynoldsl@dnc.org, cc: rivardc@dnc.org, marquezk@dnc.org, kaplanj@dnc.org, date: subject: re: host for in miami i lean no to hosting but could be ok with attending. he was vetted and passed to host an event on feb. but i think that was for the event that were cancelled. coincidentally, it was the same day the article came out. bobby, brad? hello everyone, we were also asked to vet the following for hosting. the only issue is roy black. new issues have come up since his last vet in february 2016. thanks, kevin roy black- new 2016: black defended jeffrey epstein,o was prosecuted this year for multiple charges of sexual abuse against at least 34 underage girls between 1999 and 2007. 2015: represent justin bieber after his 2014 dui charge; wild reputation, has defended unsavory characters (rush limbaugh, girls gone wild founder joe francis), parties withagged celebrities, accused of ethical violations by former us attorney; represented alex rodriguez in 2013 steroid case; unable to locatey he was let go by 832 s greenway drive coral gables, 33134 dob: employer/occupation: notes: a february 2007 obama fundraiser at his home with wife lea black. * see below vet history: *; passed 6ok; host *; passed 6ok; revisiting for *; issue 6ok; ok per * - issue 6ok; revisit for * - issue 6ok; ok per for045, revisit for * - issue 6ok; bad news * - pass contributions: yes frederica s. wilson for congress $250 friends of patrick murphy $2,500 kendrick meek fororida inc $1,000 kendrick meek fororida inc $2,300 joe garcia for congress $1,000 john mccain 2008 inc. $1,000 udall for us all $500 taddeo for congress $500 joe garcia for congress $1,000 conyers for congress $450 biden for president, inc. $500 john edwards for president $500 lautenberg for senate $250 obama for america $2,300 richardson for president inc. $500 events: none fara: none earmarks/tarp/arra: none liens: none judgments: none bankruptcies: none criminal records: none search: yes new 2016: * fred grimm: billionaire sex offender from palm beach enjoys a special kind of justice. prosecutors meted out a special kind of justice for jeffrey epstein, larded with fawning obsequiousness, secret dealings and an astoundingly lenient sentence. after all, billionaires -- even billionaire sex abusers -- aren't like you and me. investigators documented that at least 34 underage girls, some as young as 13, were repeatedly exploited by epstein and his buddies for their carnal amusement at his palm beach mansion from 1999 to 2007. according to court documents, the girls were required to administer "topless or nude massageile mr. epstein masturbated himself." occasionally, "the conduct escalated to full sexual intercourse." state and federal prosecutors happily reducedat amounted to hundreds of federal and state sex crimes to two state charges -- soliciting prostitution and procuring a person younger than 18 for prostitution. meanwhile, the feds not only promised not to ring him up on federal charges, they granted immunity to his various co-conspirators. the federal prosecutors --o seemed cowed by high powered attorneys, including roy black, kenneth starr and alan dershowitz -- worked out the secret plea deal without bothering to inform victims that their abuser would be spared federal charges. the failure to notify the victims has been at the crux of a federal lawsuit filed in west palm beach against the u.s. attorney's office in 2008 by two of the young women, identified as jane doe no. 1 and jane doe no. 2. on wednesday, their attorneys filed a motion demanding a summary judgment in their favor.ether or not, u.s. district judge kenneth marra grants the motion, the document (along with the scores of attachments containing nearly apologetic emails and letters from prosecutors to legal team) sure as hell prove that billionaires are treated with special deference in the u.s. justice system. the correspondence shows prosecutors trying mightily to contrive a sweet plea deal that could be finalized before the victims or the media got wind of it. one exchange suggested that he plead guilty in miami, "which would hopefully cut the press coverage significantly." no wonder. epstein received a piddling sentence for a crime that got less exalted sex offenders inorida 10 or 15 years hard time. his amounted to 13 months in the palm beach county stockade. except he was allowed to spend 12 hours a day, six days a week at his nicely appointed office as part of a program. he then served the balance of his sentence under house arrest -- quite an imposition for someone with a luxury mansion on the barrier island. consider that this occurred at a timeen sex offenders were forced to live like apocalyptic trolls beneath miami's julia tuttle causeway without water, toilets, electricity. of course, super rich epstein, 62, managed to avoid such indignities. nowadays, the convict is occasionally featured in tabloid photos, snapped as heits about new york in the company of young, beautiful women. justice -- the special justice for billionaires -- has been served. [the miami herald feb 12, 2016] 2015: * justin bieber hires high-powered lawyer roy black in dui case: justin bieber is bringing in the big guns in a bid to beat his dui charge. the singer,o was arrested in miami early thursday morning for dui and drag-racing, has hired high-powered lawyer roy black to represent him. black,o is married to real housewives of miami star lea black, is a civil and criminal defense trail attorney best known for getting kennedy family member william kennedy smith acquitted of charges of rape in 1991. he has also represented kelsey grammer, race car driver, girls gone wild creator joe francis and conservative radio commentator rush limbaugh. the pop star,o is canadian, is being charged with dui, driving without a valid driver's license out of the state of georgia and resisting arrest without violence. the police say bieber admitted that he had consumed alcohol, had been smoking marijuana and had taken prescription medication. [people; jan 23, 2015<http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20779032,00.html>] * jeffrey epstein attorney roy black denies allegations in letter by ex-u.s. attorney alexander acosta attorney roy black is disputing claims that he, and other attorneys representing jeffrey epstein, pried into federal prosecutors' personal lives in attempting to disqualify them from investigating the billionaire sex offender. black also denies attorneys "negotiated in bad faith,"ile attempting to reach an agreement with federal prosecutors. in a written response tuesday to the palm beach daily news, black disputes claims made against defense team by former u.s. attorney alexander acosta. those and other allegations by acosta were contained in a letter printed friday in the online publication the daily beast. acosta was the u.s. attorney for the southern district oforida at the time epstein was being investigated on federal charges related to multiple sex crimes with minor girls. black, the miami attorneyo successfully defended william kennedy smith against rape charges, was part of legal dream team. epstein was never charged with a federal crime. he and his attorneys struck a deal with federal prosecutors,ich was outlined in a agreement. according to the agreement, epstein had to plead guilty to two state charges, register as a lifelong sex offender and serve 18 months in jail. if he successfully completed those terms and served one-year of probation, then epstein would not be prosecuted on federal charges as they related to approximately 30 to 40 victims. in a written response to the daily news, black said, "we did present argument after argumenty a proposed federal prosecution against mr. epstein was unsupported by the evidence. we detailed the so-called evidence during many meetings with prosecutors and agents. "we were quite candid in disclosing all the evidence we had gathered in our investigation and i believe we made a convincing casey charges were not appropriate. i still believe that today." according to acosta, now dean of theorida international university college of law, federal prosecutors and agents met with black in the summer of 2007. the prosecutors presented epstein a choice: plead guilty to state felony charges resulting in two years imprisonment, registration as a sex offender and restitution for the victims or prepare for a federal felony trial.at followed, acosta said, was that defense team launched "a yearlong assault on the prosecution and the prosecutors. "i use the word assault intentionally, as the defense in this case was more aggressive than anyich i, or the prosecutors in my office, had previously encountered," acosta said in his letter. among the "legal superstars" on defense team: harvardessor alan dershowitz, kenneth starr, jay lefkowitz and several others, including prosecutorso had formally worked in the u.s. attorney's office and in the child exploitation and obscenity section of the justice department. acosta said that one member of the defense team warned him "the office's excess zeal in forcing a good man to serve time in jail might be the subject of a book if we continued to proceed with this matter." black said he's never heard anyone mention writing a book about the epstein case. "mr. acosta claims we negotiated in bad faith by appealing to the department of justice in washington," black said. "any person under investigation by a united states attorney, meaning any of the 94 such offices in the country, has the right to seek review by the department of justice and it is so provided for in their manual. thus i cannot imagine invoking this right could be construed as bad faith. "in our system of justice, people are given the right of appeal and there should be no implication of wrong doing by exercising it. "finally mr. acosta mentions we looked for personal of prosecutors," black said. "i am not sureat he refers to but this never happened. we did point out misconduct and by certain people involved in the investigation. not only is there nothing wrong with this but it is a necessary part of the process. there will always be peopleo abuse the great power of the government and we can not stand by silentlyen it occurs." the agreement was sealed in state felony file until victims' attorneys successfully argued to make the document public in september 2009. [palm beach daily 30, 2011] * escalates war with yankees; team responds with a challenge: "embattled yankee alex rodriguez escalated his war with team via comments from his new new york lawyer suggesting the team purposely mistreated him medically, and yankees president randy levine responded saturday afternoon with a strong challenge for rodriguez. levine offered to release all the team's medical recordsile simultaneously asking to release his records of treatment with anthony galea, the disgraced sports doctoro treated rodriguez and was convicted of smuggling hgh... tacopina, showing no signs of shutting up, came out blasting after he was recently hired by rodriguez as the latest in a long string of prominent rodriguez legal people. rodriguez and noted miami defense lawyer roy black parted ways, but is believed to retain sports attorney david cornwell, plus labor law firm cohen, weiss and simon, plus jay z's legal group at reed smith. comments came a day after 60 minutes reported that members of the camp leaked documents linking ryan braun and teammate francisco to, the "wellness" clinic that provided to baseball players and is at the center of case..." (http://www.cbssports.com/mlb/writer/jon-heyman/23196126/arod-escalates-war-with-yankees-team-responds-with-a-challenge) reputation: * rush limbaugh's defense attorney, roy black, hosts fundraiser for patrick murphy "memo to patrick murphy: if you want to win street with the 99 percent, don't have rush limbaugh's lawyer host your fundraiser. murphy, the democratic congressional candidate hoping to unseat u.s. rep. allen west, has opened himself up to a lot of bad jokes with the fundraiser slated for tomorrow night in coral gables. the event is being held at the home of roy black, the famed criminal attorneyo defended rush limbaughen palm beach prosecutors accused him of "doctor-shopping" for pain pills. black is currently representing john goodman, the wellington polo mogul accused of driving drunk and causing a car accident that killed a last year. guests at black's home will shell out $500 to $5,000 for the soiree. they'll also get to rub shoulders with a genuine celebrity: black's wife, lea,o has been a cast member on the real housewives of miami. just to recap: republican allen west defends tax breaks for the wealthy, and democrat patrick murphy holds a fundraiser at the home of a famous criminal lawyer and a star. ain't politics grand? beach new , 2011 http://blogs.browardpalmbeach.com/pulp/2011/12/rush_limbaugh_attorney_roy_black_fundraiser_patrick_murphy.php] * let's get drunk: roy black, polo boss john goodman's lawyer; hosts yearly shindig "international polo club palm beach founder john goodman,ose alleged killing of a man in a car crash last month is still under investigation, was nowhere to be found among thoseo paid homage to high-profile southorida attorney roy black. funny thing, becauseen it comes to celebrities attending the blacks' annual gala in miami beach saturday night, black and his wife lea can always count on those he extracted from the criminal justice system. and yes, there may be some of future clients of black's there, too. girls gone joe francis was one of them. he once had tax and public morals problems, but black made it all better. so he came to the fontainebleau miami beach for the big party. "he wins every case," francis said. "his approach is different from other lawyers, partly because he never worked for the government as a prosecutor. he believes in your case 100 percent, and i don't know any othero does that." indianapolis and dancing with the stars winner showed up. black got him out of his little tax evasion issue last year. yet john goodman,o could soon be facing dui and manslaughter accusations but hasn't been charged, was mia. ando could blame him? roy black, after all, kicked off the open bar, fiesta with this announcement to the-plus guestso'd paid up to $1,000 each: "if you guys don't get drunk and dance on the tables, then this party has failed!" the blacks party,ich could rival most palm beach in the wealth and notoriety of participants, has long been a staple of miami's social life. and it raises millions for educational charities. it gathers usually well-known figures from all facets of life. the legal community, for example, was represented with the likes of harvard alan dershowitz,o represented palm beach millionaire jeffrey epstein with black; o.j. simpson prosecutor marcia clark, unrecognizable after years of plastic surgery; and jim ferrara, a successful local litigation attorney. also there: rapper rick ross; shoe designer lisa pliner; tv chefs ron and bobbyay; the real housewives of atlanta's kim zolciak; poker star noah schwartz; bob seger saxophonist alto reed; gov. charlie crist and his lovely bride, carole crist; singers natalie cole, paulina rubio and gloria estefan; boxer lennox lewis; former miami heat star alonzo mourning; girls gone joe francis; and others. (see them all by clicking here or on the photos) gov. charlie crist,o's running for u.s. senate, was received like a rock star. despite the polls showing he's behind marco rubio among republicans, crist pressed theesh with a vengeance and showed he's still popular among the beautiful people. and despite stories saying that his wife of a little more than a year is nowhere to be found, the first lady was glued to her husband. "he's a brilliant attorneyo has extraordinary admiration of a lot of people," the governor said of black. "he's a hard worker, and those usually get lucky." well, there was one failure that night: the blacks couldn't auction off a bugatti veyron, the world's most expensive car. but then,o in this economy could get someone to bid $2.75 million on anything? [march 1, 2010--http://www.page2live.com/2010/03/01/lets-get-drunk-roy-black-polo-boss-john-goodmans-lawyer-hosts-yearly-shindig/] notes: re: vet committee: roy black schmuck, bobby bobby_schmuck@who.eop.gov<mailto:bobby_schmuck@who.eop.gov> seems fine. all, finance would like approval for roy black to for one of the events in miami. his wife leah passes vet. i'm ok with him but defer to bobby and others if there are objections. ___________ 8550564 i'm fine for just meetings with messina. on feb 13, 2012, at pm, "rufus gifford" rgifford@barackobama.com<mailto:rgifford@barackobama.com> wrote: the second two issues aren't a concern and the first one seems to be largely hearsay and unsubstantiated. i would say ok. hello everyone, teal asked that i send this to2 for your input. let us knowat you think. thanks. i say no, but think it's a question for. i am ok one more addition: lea black - 95398880 roy black - 72082869 hi there, can we vet the following folks to host in miami please. robert rubenstein - 100621684 (no spouse) - 55343632 sami - 99673956 jane toll - 100762168 robert toll - 99817408 thank you! marquez deputy regional finance director south, and midwest democratic national committee> | marquezk@dnc.org<mailto:marquezk@dnc.org>

ri: hoʊst fər ɪn maɪˈæmi tɪ: snowdenk@dnc.org*, bobby_schmuck@who.eop.gov*, marshall@dnc.org*, reynoldsl@dnc.org*, ˈsiˈsi: rivardc@dnc.org*, marquezk@dnc.org*, kaplanj@dnc.org*, deɪt: ˈsəbʤɪkt: ri: hoʊst fər ɪn maɪˈæmi aɪ lin noʊ tɪ ˈhoʊstɪŋ bət kʊd bi ˈoʊˈkeɪ wɪθ əˈtɛndɪŋ. hi wɑz ˈvɛtɪd ənd pæst tɪ hoʊst ən ɪˈvɛnt ɔn ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. bət aɪ θɪŋk ðət wɑz fər ðə ɪˈvɛnt ðət wər ˈkænsəld. koʊˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, ɪt wɑz ðə seɪm deɪ ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl keɪm aʊt. ˈbɑbi, bræd? hɛˈloʊ ˈɛvriˌwən, wi wər ˈɔlsoʊ æst tɪ vɛt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ fər ˈhoʊstɪŋ. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈɪʃu ɪz rɔɪ blæk. nu ˈɪʃuz hæv kəm əp sɪns hɪz læst vɛt ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2016 θæŋks, ˈkɛvɪn rɔɪ blæk- nu 2016 blæk dɪˈfɛndɪd ˈʤɛfri ˈɛpˌstin, hu wɑz ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪd ðɪs jɪr fər ˈməltəpəl ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈbjuz əˈgɛnst æt list 34 ˈəndərɪʤ gərlz bɪtˈwin 1999 ənd 2007 2015 ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈʤəstɪn ˈbibər ˈæftər hɪz 2014 ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ ʧɑrʤ; waɪld ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən, həz dɪˈfɛndɪd ənˈseɪvəri ˈkɛrɪktərz (rəʃ ˈlɪmˌbɔ, gərlz gɔn waɪld ˈfaʊndər ʤoʊ ˈfrænsɪs), ˈpɑrtiz wɪθ flægd səˈlɛbrɪtiz, əˈkjuzd əv ˈɛθɪkəl vaɪəˈleɪʃənz baɪ ˈfɔrmər ˈjuˈɛs əˈtərni; ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ˈæləks rɑˈdrigɛz ɪn 2013 stərɔɪd keɪs; əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt waɪ hi wɑz lɛt goʊ baɪ 832 ɛs ˈgrinˌweɪ draɪv ˈkɔrəl ˈgeɪbəlz, 33134 dɑb: employer/occupation*: noʊts: ə ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2007 ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈfənˌdreɪzər æt hɪz hoʊm wɪθ waɪf li blæk. si bɪˈloʊ vɛt ˈhɪstəri: pæst 6ok*; hoʊst pæst 6ok*; riˈvɪzɪtɪŋ fər ˈɪʃu 6ok*; ˈoʊˈkeɪ pər ˈɪʃu 6ok*; riˈvɪzɪt fər ˈɪʃu 6ok*; ˈoʊˈkeɪ pər fər riˈvɪzɪt fər ˈɪʃu 6ok*; bæd nuz pæs ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz: jɛs ˌfrɛdərˈikə ɛs. ˈwɪlsən fər ˈkɑŋgrəs 250 frɛndz əv ˈpætrɪk ˈmərfi ˈkɛndrɪk mik fər ˈflɔrɪdə ɪŋk ˈkɛndrɪk mik fər ˈflɔrɪdə ɪŋk ʤoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə fər ˈkɑŋgrəs ʤɑn məˈkeɪn 2008 ɪŋk. ˈjudəl fər ˈjuˈɛs ɔl 500 ˈtɑdioʊ fər ˈkɑŋgrəs 500 ʤoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə fər ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈkɑnjərz fər ˈkɑŋgrəs 450 ˈbaɪdən fər ˈprɛzɪdənt, ɪŋk. 500 ʤɑn ˈɛdwərdz fər ˈprɛzɪdənt 500 ˈlaʊtənbərg fər ˈsɛnɪt 250 ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər əˈmɛrɪkə ˈrɪʧərdsən fər ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪŋk. 500 ɪˈvɛnts: nən fara*: nən earmarks/tarp/arra*: nən linz: nən ˈʤəʤmənts: nən ˈbæŋkrəptsiz: nən ˈkrɪmənəl ˈrɛkərdz: nən sərʧ: jɛs nu 2016 frɛd grɪm: ˌbɪljəˈnɛr sɛks əˈfɛndər frəm pɑm biʧ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪz ə ˈspɛʃəl kaɪnd əv ˈʤəstɪs. ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ˈmitɪd aʊt ə ˈspɛʃəl kaɪnd əv ˈʤəstɪs fər ˈʤɛfri ˈɛpˌstin, ˈlɑrdɪd wɪθ ˈfɔnɪŋ obsequiousness*, ˈsikrɪt ˈdilɪŋz ənd ən əˈstaʊndɪŋli ˈlinjənt ˈsɛntəns. ˈæftər ɔl, ˌbɪljəˈnɛrz ˈivɪn ˌbɪljəˈnɛr sɛks əˈbjuzərz ˈɑrənt laɪk ju ənd mi. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ðət æt list 34 ˈəndərɪʤ gərlz, səm ɛz jəŋ ɛz 13 wər rɪˈpitɪdli ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtəd baɪ ˈɛpˌstin ənd hɪz ˈbədiz fər ðɛr ˈkɑrnəl əmˈjuzmənt æt hɪz pɑm biʧ ˈmænʃən frəm 1999 tɪ 2007 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ kɔrt ˈdɑkjəmənts, ðə gərlz wər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ədˈmɪnɪstər "ˈtɑpləs ər nud məˈsɑʒ waɪl ˈmɪstər. ˈɛpˌstin ˈmæstərˌbeɪtɪd hɪmˈsɛlf." ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli, "ðə ˈkɑndəkt ˈɛskəˌleɪtɪd tɪ fʊl ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs." steɪt ənd ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ˈhæpəli rɪˈdust wət əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ ˈhənərdz əv ˈfɛdərəl ənd steɪt sɛks kraɪmz tɪ tu steɪt ˈʧɑrʤɪz səˈlɪsətɪŋ ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən ənd proʊˈkjʊrɪŋ ə ˈpərsən ˈjəŋgər ðən 18 fər ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə fɛdz nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈprɑməst nɑt tɪ rɪŋ ɪm əp ɔn ˈfɛdərəl ˈʧɑrʤɪz, ðeɪ ˈgrænɪd ˌɪmˈjunɪti tɪ hɪz ˈvɛriəs co-conspirators*. ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz hu simd kaʊd baɪ haɪ paʊərd əˈtərniz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ rɔɪ blæk, ˈkɛnɪθ stɑr ənd ˈælən ˈdərʃəˌwɪts wərkt aʊt ðə ˈsikrɪt pli dil wɪˈθaʊt ˈbɑðərɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ˈvɪktɪmz ðət ðɛr əˈbjuzər wʊd bi spɛrd ˈfɛdərəl ˈʧɑrʤɪz. ðə ˈfeɪljər tɪ ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪ ðə ˈvɪktɪmz həz bɪn æt ðə krəks əv ə ˈfɛdərəl ˈlɔˌsut faɪld ɪn wɛst pɑm biʧ əˈgɛnst ðə juz. əˈtərniz ˈɔfəs ɪn 2008 baɪ tu əv ðə jəŋ ˈwɪmən, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ʤeɪn doʊ noʊ. 1 ənd ʤeɪn doʊ noʊ. 2 ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ðɛr əˈtərniz faɪld ə ˈmoʊʃən dɪˈmændɪŋ ə ˈsəməri ˈʤəʤmənt ɪn ðɛr ˈfeɪvər. ˈwɛðər ər nɑt, juz. ˈdɪstrɪkt ʤəʤ ˈkɛnɪθ ˈmɑrə grænts ðə ˈmoʊʃən, ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt (əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə skɔrz əv əˈtæʧmənts kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈnɪrli əˌpɑləˈʤɛtɪk iˈmeɪlz ənd ˈlɛtərz frəm ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz tɪ ˈligəl tim) ʃʊr ɛz hɛl pruv ðət ˌbɪljəˈnɛrz ər ˈtritɪd wɪθ ˈspɛʃəl ˈdɛfərəns ɪn ðə juz. ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm. ðə ˌkɔrəˈspɑndəns ʃoʊz ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz traɪɪŋ ˈmaɪtəli tɪ kənˈtraɪv ə swit pli dil ðət kʊd bi ˈfaɪnəˌlaɪzd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈvɪktɪmz ər ðə ˈmidiə gɑt wɪnd əv ɪt. wən ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ səˈʤɛstɪd ðət hi plid ˈgɪlti ɪn maɪˈæmi, "wɪʧ wʊd ˈhoʊpfəli kət ðə prɛs ˈkəvərɪʤ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli." noʊ ˈwəndər. ˈɛpˌstin rɪˈsivd ə ˈpɪdəlɪŋ ˈsɛntəns fər ə kraɪm ðət gɑt lɛs ɪgˈzɔltɪd sɛks əˈfɛndərz ɪn ˈflɔrɪdə 10 ər 15 jɪrz hɑrd taɪm. hɪz əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ 13 mənθs ɪn ðə pɑm biʧ ˈkaʊnti ˈstɑˌkeɪd. ɪkˈsɛpt hi wɑz əˈlaʊd tɪ spɛnd 12 aʊərz ə deɪ, sɪks deɪz ə wik æt hɪz ˈnaɪsli əˈpɔɪntɪd ˈɔfəs ɛz pɑrt əv ə ˈproʊˌgræm. hi ðɛn sərvd ðə ˈbæləns əv hɪz ˈsɛntəns ˈəndər haʊs ərˈɛst kwaɪt ən ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃən fər ˈsəmˌwən wɪθ ə ˈləgʒəri ˈmænʃən ɔn ðə ˈbɛriər ˈaɪlənd. kənˈsɪdər ðət ðɪs əˈkərd æt ə taɪm wɪn sɛks əˈfɛndərz wər fɔrst tɪ lɪv laɪk əˌpɑkəˈlɪptɪk troʊlz bɪˈniθ maɪˈæmiz ˈʤuljə ˈtətəl ˈkɔzˌweɪ wɪˈθaʊt ˈwɔtər, ˈtɔɪləts, ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti. əv kɔrs, ˈsupər rɪʧ ˈɛpˌstin, 62 ˈmænɪʤd tɪ əˈvɔɪd səʧ ˌɪnˈdɪgnətiz. ˈnaʊəˌdeɪz, ðə ˈkɑnvɪkt ɪz ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli ˈfiʧərd ɪn ˈtæblɔɪd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, snæpt ɛz hi əˈbaʊt nu jɔrk ɪn ðə ˈkəmpəˌni əv jəŋ, ˈbjutəfəl ˈwɪmən. ˈʤəstɪs ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈʤəstɪs fər ˌbɪljəˈnɛrz həz bɪn sərvd. [ðə maɪˈæmi ˈhɛrəld ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 12 2016 2015 ˈʤəstɪn ˈbibər haɪərz ˌhaɪˈpaʊərd ˈlɔjər rɔɪ blæk ɪn ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ keɪs: ˈʤəstɪn ˈbibər ɪz ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪn ðə bɪg gənz ɪn ə bɪd tɪ bit hɪz ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ ʧɑrʤ. ðə ˈsɪŋər, hu wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɪn maɪˈæmi ˈərli ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ fər ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ ənd drag-racing*, həz haɪərd ˌhaɪˈpaʊərd ˈlɔjər rɔɪ blæk tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ɪm. blæk, hu ɪz ˈmɛrid tɪ ril ˈhaʊsˌwaɪvz əv maɪˈæmi stɑr li blæk, ɪz ə ˈsɪvəl ənd ˈkrɪmənəl dɪˈfɛns treɪl əˈtərni bɛst noʊn fər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈkɛnədi ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbər ˈwɪljəm ˈkɛnədi smɪθ əkˈwɪtɪd əv ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv reɪp ɪn 1991 hi həz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ˈkɛlsi ˈgræmər, reɪs kɑr ˈdraɪvər, gərlz gɔn waɪld kriˈeɪtər ʤoʊ ˈfrænsɪs ənd kənˈsərvətɪv ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər rəʃ ˈlɪmˌbɔ. ðə pɑp stɑr, hu ɪz kəˈneɪdiən, ɪz biɪŋ ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ, ˈdraɪvɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈvælɪd ˈdraɪvərz ˈlaɪsəns aʊt əv ðə steɪt əv ˈʤɔrʤə ənd rɪˈzɪstɪŋ ərˈɛst wɪˈθaʊt ˈvaɪələns. ðə pəˈlis seɪ ˈbibər ədˈmɪtəd ðət hi hæd kənˈsumd ˈælkəˌhɑl, hæd bɪn sˈmoʊkɪŋ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ənd hæd ˈteɪkən prəˈskrɪpʃən ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən. [ˈpipəl; ʤæn 23 2015<http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20779032,00.html*>] ˈʤɛfri ˈɛpˌstin əˈtərni rɔɪ blæk dɪˈnaɪz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ɪn ˈlɛtər baɪ ex-u.s*. əˈtərni ˌælɪgˈzændər əˈkɔstə əˈtərni rɔɪ blæk ɪz dɪˈspjutɪŋ kleɪmz ðət hi, ənd ˈəðər əˈtərniz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ˈʤɛfri ˈɛpˌstin, praɪd ˈɪntu ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz' ˈpərsɪnəl lɪvz ɪn əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ dɪskˈwɑləˌfaɪ ðɛm frəm ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə ˌbɪljəˈnɛr sɛks əˈfɛndər. blæk ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈnaɪz əˈtərniz "nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪd ɪn bæd feɪθ," waɪl əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ riʧ ən əˈgrimənt wɪθ ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz. ɪn ə ˈrɪtən rɪˈspɑns ˈtuzˌdeɪ tɪ ðə pɑm biʧ ˈdeɪli nuz, blæk dɪˈspjuts kleɪmz meɪd əˈgɛnst dɪˈfɛns tim baɪ ˈfɔrmər juz. əˈtərni ˌælɪgˈzændər əˈkɔstə. ðoʊz ənd ˈəðər ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz baɪ əˈkɔstə wər kənˈteɪnd ɪn ə ˈlɛtər ˈprɪnɪd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ɪn ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən ðə ˈdeɪli bist. əˈkɔstə wɑz ðə juz. əˈtərni fər ðə ˈsəðərn ˈdɪstrɪkt əv ˈflɔrɪdə æt ðə taɪm ˈɛpˌstin wɑz biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ɔn ˈfɛdərəl ˈʧɑrʤɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈməltəpəl sɛks kraɪmz wɪθ ˈmaɪnər gərlz. blæk, ðə maɪˈæmi əˈtərni hu səkˈsɛsfəli dɪˈfɛndɪd ˈwɪljəm ˈkɛnədi smɪθ əˈgɛnst reɪp ˈʧɑrʤɪz, wɑz pɑrt əv ˈligəl drim tim. ˈɛpˌstin wɑz ˈnɛvər ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ə ˈfɛdərəl kraɪm. hi ənd hɪz əˈtərniz strək ə dil wɪθ ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz, wɪʧ wɑz ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd ɪn ə əˈgrimənt. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈgrimənt, ˈɛpˌstin hæd tɪ plid ˈgɪlti tɪ tu steɪt ˈʧɑrʤɪz, ˈrɛʤɪstər ɛz ə ˈlaɪˈflɔŋ sɛks əˈfɛndər ənd sərv 18 mənθs ɪn ʤeɪl. ɪf hi səkˈsɛsfəli kəmˈplitɪd ðoʊz tərmz ənd sərvd ˈwənˌjɪr əv proʊˈbeɪʃən, ðɛn ˈɛpˌstin wʊd nɑt bi ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪd ɔn ˈfɛdərəl ˈʧɑrʤɪz ɛz ðeɪ rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ əˈprɑksəmətli 30 tɪ 40 ˈvɪktɪmz. ɪn ə ˈrɪtən rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˈdeɪli nuz, blæk sɛd, "wi dɪd ˈprɛzənt ˈɑrgjəmənt ˈæftər ˈɑrgjəmənt waɪ ə prəˈpoʊzd ˈfɛdərəl ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən əˈgɛnst ˈmɪstər. ˈɛpˌstin wɑz ənsəˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə ˈɛvədəns. wi dɪˈteɪld ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈɛvədəns ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈmɛni ˈmitɪŋz wɪθ ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ənd ˈeɪʤənts. "wi wər kwaɪt ˈkændɪd ɪn dɪˈskloʊzɪŋ ɔl ðə ˈɛvədəns wi hæd ˈgæðərd ɪn ɑr ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ənd aɪ bɪˈliv wi meɪd ə kənˈvɪnsɪŋ keɪs waɪ ˈʧɑrʤɪz wər nɑt əˈproʊpriˌeɪt. aɪ stɪl bɪˈliv ðət təˈdeɪ." əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ əˈkɔstə, naʊ din əv ðə ˈflɔrɪdə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈkɑlɪʤ əv lɔ, ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ənd ˈeɪʤənts mɛt wɪθ blæk ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2007 ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz pərˈzɛnəd ˈɛpˌstin ə ʧɔɪs: plid ˈgɪlti tɪ steɪt ˈfɛləni ˈʧɑrʤɪz rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn tu jɪrz ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt, ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ɛz ə sɛks əˈfɛndər ənd ˌrɛstɪˈtuʃən fər ðə ˈvɪktɪmz ər priˈpɛr fər ə ˈfɛdərəl ˈfɛləni traɪəl. wət ˈfɑloʊd, əˈkɔstə sɛd, wɑz ðət dɪˈfɛns tim lɔnʧt "ə ˈjɪˈrlɔŋ əˈsɔlt ɔn ðə ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən ənd ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz. "aɪ juz ðə wərd əˈsɔlt ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli, ɛz ðə dɪˈfɛns ɪn ðɪs keɪs wɑz mɔr əˈgrɛsɪv ðən ˈɛni wɪʧ aɪ, ər ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ɪn maɪ ˈɔfəs, hæd ˈpriviəsli ɪnˈkaʊnərd," əˈkɔstə sɛd ɪn hɪz ˈlɛtər. əˈməŋ ðə "ˈligəl ˌsupərˈstɑrz" ɔn dɪˈfɛns tim: ˈhɑrvərd prəˈfɛsər ˈælən ˈdərʃəˌwɪts, ˈkɛnɪθ stɑr, ʤeɪ ˈlɛfkəwɪts ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz hu hæd ˈfɔrməli wərkt ɪn ðə juz. əˈtərniz ˈɔfəs ənd ɪn ðə ʧaɪld ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ənd əbˈsɛnɪti ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt. əˈkɔstə sɛd ðət wən ˈmɛmbər əv ðə dɪˈfɛns tim wɔrnd ɪm "ðə ˈɔfəsɪz ˈɛkˌsɛs zil ɪn ˈfɔrsɪŋ ə gʊd mæn tɪ sərv taɪm ɪn ʤeɪl maɪt bi ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ə bʊk ɪf wi kənˈtɪnjud tɪ pərˈsid wɪθ ðɪs ˈmætər." blæk sɛd hiz ˈnɛvər hərd ˈɛniˌwən ˈmɛnʃən ˈraɪtɪŋ ə bʊk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɛpˌstin keɪs. "ˈmɪstər. əˈkɔstə kleɪmz wi nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪd ɪn bæd feɪθ baɪ əˈpilɪŋ tɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən," blæk sɛd. "ˈɛni ˈpərsən ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əˈtərni, ˈminɪŋ ˈɛni əv ðə 94 səʧ ˈɔfəsɪz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri, həz ðə raɪt tɪ sik ˌrivˈju baɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs ənd ɪt ɪz soʊ prəˈvaɪdɪd fər ɪn ðɛr ˈmænjuəl. ðəs aɪ ˈkænɑt ˌɪˈmæʤən ˌɪnˈvoʊkɪŋ ðɪs raɪt kʊd bi kənˈstrud ɛz bæd feɪθ. "ɪn ɑr ˈsɪstəm əv ˈʤəstɪs, ˈpipəl ər ˈgɪvɪn ðə raɪt əv əˈpil ənd ðɛr ʃʊd bi noʊ ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən əv rɔŋ duɪŋ baɪ ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪŋ ɪt. "ˈfaɪnəli ˈmɪstər. əˈkɔstə ˈmɛnʃənz wi lʊkt fər ˈpərsɪnəl əv ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz," blæk sɛd. "aɪ æm nɑt ʃʊr wət hi rɪˈfərz tɪ bət ðɪs ˈnɛvər ˈhæpənd. wi dɪd pɔɪnt aʊt mɪˈskɑndəkt ənd baɪ ˈsərtən ˈpipəl ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz ðɛr ˈnəθɪŋ rɔŋ wɪθ ðɪs bət ɪt ɪz ə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri pɑrt əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˈpipəl hu əˈbjuz ðə greɪt paʊər əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ənd wi kən nɑt stænd baɪ ˈsaɪləntli wɪn ɪt əˈkərz." ðə əˈgrimənt wɑz sild ɪn steɪt ˈfɛləni faɪl ənˈtɪl ˈvɪktɪmz' əˈtərniz səkˈsɛsfəli ˈɑrgjud tɪ meɪk ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈpəblɪk ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2009 [pɑm biʧ ˈdeɪli 30 2011 ˈɛskəˌleɪts wɔr wɪθ ˈjæŋkiz; tim rɪˈspɑndz wɪθ ə ˈʧælənʤ: "ɛmˈbætəld ˈjæŋki ˈæləks rɑˈdrigɛz ˈɛskəˌleɪtɪd hɪz wɔr wɪθ tim ˈviə ˈkɑmɛnts frəm hɪz nu nu jɔrk ˈlɔjər səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðə tim ˈpərpəsli mɪˈstritɪd ɪm ˈmɛdɪkəli, ənd ˈjæŋkiz ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈrændi lɛˈvin rɪˈspɑndɪd ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun wɪθ ə strɔŋ ˈʧælənʤ fər rɑˈdrigɛz. lɛˈvin ˈɔfərd tɪ riˈlis ɔl ðə timz ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈrɛkərdz waɪl ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli ˈæskɪŋ tɪ riˈlis hɪz ˈrɛkərdz əv ˈtritmənt wɪθ ˈænθɔˌni ˈgeɪliə, ðə dɪsˈgreɪst spɔrts ˈdɔktər hu ˈtritɪd rɑˈdrigɛz ənd wɑz kənˈvɪktəd əv sˈməgəlɪŋ ˈeɪˈʧʤiˈeɪʧ... tacopina*, ʃoʊɪŋ noʊ saɪnz əv ˈʃətɪŋ əp, keɪm aʊt ˈblæstɪŋ ˈæftər hi wɑz ˈrisəntli haɪərd baɪ rɑˈdrigɛz ɛz ðə ˈleɪtəst ɪn ə lɔŋ strɪŋ əv ˈprɑmənənt rɑˈdrigɛz ˈligəl ˈpipəl. rɑˈdrigɛz ənd ˈnoʊtɪd maɪˈæmi dɪˈfɛns ˈlɔjər rɔɪ blæk ˈpɑrtɪd weɪz, bət ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ rɪˈteɪn spɔrts əˈtərni ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkɔrnˌwɛl, pləs ˈleɪbər lɔ fərm koʊən, waɪs ənd ˈsaɪmən, pləs ʤeɪ ziz ˈligəl grup æt rid smɪθ. ˈkɑmɛnts keɪm ə deɪ ˈæftər 60 ˈmɪnəts ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə kæmp likt ˈdɑkjəmənts ˈlɪŋkɪŋ raɪən brɔn ənd ˈtiˌmeɪt frænˈsɪskoʊ tɪ, ðə "ˈwɛlnəs" ˈklɪnɪk ðət prəˈvaɪdɪd tɪ ˈbeɪsˈbɔl pleɪərz ənd ɪz æt ðə ˈsɛnər əv keɪs..." (http://www.cbssports.com/mlb/writer/jon-heyman/23196126/arod-escalates-war-with-yankees-team-responds-with-a-challenge*) ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən: rəʃ ˈlɪmˌbɔz dɪˈfɛns əˈtərni, rɔɪ blæk, hoʊsts ˈfənˌdreɪzər fər ˈpætrɪk ˈmərfi "ˈmɛˌmoʊ tɪ ˈpætrɪk ˈmərfi: ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ wɪn strit wɪθ ðə 99 pərˈsɛnt, doʊnt hæv rəʃ ˈlɪmˌbɔz ˈlɔjər hoʊst jʊr ˈfənˌdreɪzər. ˈmərfi, ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈkænədɪt ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ ənˈsit juz. rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈælən wɛst, həz ˈoʊpənd hɪmˈsɛlf əp tɪ ə lɔt əv bæd ʤoʊks wɪθ ðə ˈfənˌdreɪzər sˈleɪtɪd fər təˈmɑˌroʊ naɪt ɪn ˈkɔrəl ˈgeɪbəlz. ðə ɪˈvɛnt ɪz biɪŋ hɛld æt ðə hoʊm əv rɔɪ blæk, ðə feɪmd ˈkrɪmənəl əˈtərni hu dɪˈfɛndɪd rəʃ ˈlɪmˌbɔ wɪn pɑm biʧ ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz əˈkjuzd ɪm əv "doctor-shopping*" fər peɪn pɪlz. blæk ɪz ˈkərəntli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ʤɑn ˈgʊdmən, ðə ˈwɛlɪŋtən ˈpoʊloʊ ˈmoʊgəl əˈkjuzd əv ˈdraɪvɪŋ drəŋk ənd ˈkɔzɪŋ ə kɑr ˈæksədənt ðət kɪld ə læst jɪr. gɛsts æt blæks hoʊm wɪl ʃɛl aʊt 500 tɪ fər ðə swɑˈreɪ. ðɛl ˈɔlsoʊ gɪt tɪ rəb ˈʃoʊldərz wɪθ ə ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn səˈlɛbrɪti: blæks waɪf, li, hu həz bɪn ə kæst ˈmɛmbər ɔn ðə ril ˈhaʊsˌwaɪvz əv maɪˈæmi. ʤɪst tɪ ˈriˌkæp: rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈælən wɛst dɪˈfɛndz tæks breɪks fər ðə ˈwɛlθi, ənd ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈpætrɪk ˈmərfi hoʊldz ə ˈfənˌdreɪzər æt ðə hoʊm əv ə ˈfeɪməs ˈkrɪmənəl ˈlɔjər ənd ə stɑr. eɪnt ˈpɑləˌtɪks grænd? biʧ nu 2011 http://blogs.browardpalmbeach.com/pulp/2011/12/rush_limbaugh_attorney_roy_black_fundraiser_patrick_murphy.php*] lɛts gɪt drəŋk: rɔɪ blæk, ˈpoʊloʊ bɔs ʤɑn ˈgʊdˌmænz ˈlɔjər; hoʊsts ˈjɪrli ˈʃɪndɪg "ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈpoʊloʊ kləb pɑm biʧ ˈfaʊndər ʤɑn ˈgʊdmən, huz əˈlɛʤd ˈkɪlɪŋ əv ə mæn ɪn ə kɑr kræʃ læst mənθ ɪz stɪl ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, wɑz ˈnoʊˌwɛr tɪ bi faʊnd əˈməŋ ðoʊz hu peɪd ˈɑməʤ tɪ ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl saʊθ ˈflɔrɪdə əˈtərni rɔɪ blæk. ˈfəni θɪŋ, bɪˈkəz wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ səˈlɛbrɪtiz əˈtɛndɪŋ ðə blæks' ˈænjuəl ˈgælə ɪn maɪˈæmi biʧ ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt, blæk ənd hɪz waɪf li kən ˈɔlˌweɪz kaʊnt ɔn ðoʊz hi ɛkˈstræktɪd frəm ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm. ənd jɛs, ðɛr meɪ bi səm əv fˈjuʧər klaɪənts əv blæks ðɛr, tu. gərlz gɔn ʤoʊ ˈfrænsɪs wɑz wən əv ðɛm. hi wəns hæd tæks ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈmɔrəlz ˈprɑbləmz, bət blæk meɪd ɪt ɔl ˈbɛtər. soʊ hi keɪm tɪ ðə ˈfɑntənˌblu maɪˈæmi biʧ fər ðə bɪg ˈpɑrti. "hi wɪnz ˈɛvəri keɪs," ˈfrænsɪs sɛd. "hɪz əˈproʊʧ ɪz ˈdɪfərənt frəm ˈəðər ˈlɔjərz, ˈpɑrtli bɪˈkəz hi ˈnɛvər wərkt fər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɛz ə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər. hi bɪˈlivz ɪn jʊr keɪs 100 pərˈsɛnt, ənd aɪ doʊnt noʊ ˈɛni ˈəðər hu dɪz ðət." ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs ənd ˈdænsɪŋ wɪθ ðə stɑrz ˈwɪnər ʃoʊd əp. blæk gɑt ɪm aʊt əv hɪz ˈlɪtəl tæks ɪˈveɪʒən ˈɪʃu læst jɪr. jɛt ʤɑn ˈgʊdmən, hu kʊd sun bi ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ ənd ˈmænsˌlɔtər ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz bət ˈhæzənt bɪn ʧɑrʤd, wɑz ˈmiə. ənd hu kʊd bleɪm ɪm? rɔɪ blæk, ˈæftər ɔl, kɪkt ɔf ðə ˈoʊpən bɑr, fiˈɛstə wɪθ ðɪs əˈnaʊnsmɛnt tɪ ðə gɛsts hud peɪd əp tɪ iʧ: "ɪf ju gaɪz doʊnt gɪt drəŋk ənd dæns ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəlz, ðɛn ðɪs ˈpɑrti həz feɪld!" ðə blæks ˈpɑrti, wɪʧ kʊd ˈraɪvəl moʊst pɑm biʧ ɪn ðə wɛlθ ənd ˌnoʊtərˈaɪəti əv pɑrˈtɪsəpənts, həz lɔŋ bɪn ə ˈsteɪpəl əv maɪˈæmiz ˈsoʊʃəl laɪf. ənd ɪt ˈreɪzɪz ˈmɪljənz fər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ˈʧɛrɪtiz. ɪt ˈgæðərz ˈjuʒəwəli ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ˈfɪgjərz frəm ɔl ˈfæsəts əv laɪf. ðə ˈligəl kəmˈjunɪti, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wɑz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd wɪθ ðə laɪks əv ˈhɑrvərd ˈælən ˈdərʃəˌwɪts, hu ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd pɑm biʧ ˌmɪljəˈnɛr ˈʤɛfri ˈɛpˌstin wɪθ blæk; o.j*. ˈsɪmpsən ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər ˈmɑrʃə klɑrk, ənˌrɛkəgˈnaɪzəbəl ˈæftər jɪrz əv ˈplæstɪk ˈsərʤəri; ənd ʤɪm fərˈɑrə, ə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈloʊkəl ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən əˈtərni. ˈɔlsoʊ ðɛr: ˈræpər rɪk rɔs; ʃu dɪˈzaɪnər ˈlisə pliner*; ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃɛfs rɑn ənd ˈbɑbi fleɪ; ðə ril ˈhaʊsˌwaɪvz əv æˈtlæntəz kɪm zolciak*; ˈpoʊkər stɑr noʊə ʃwɔrts; bɑb ˈsigər ˈsæksəˌfoʊnɪst ˈæltoʊ rid; gəv. ˈʧɑrli krɪst ənd hɪz ˈləvli braɪd, ˈkɛrəl krɪst; ˈsɪŋərz ˈnætəli koʊl, ˌpɔˈlinə ˈrubioʊ ənd ˈglɔriə ˈɛstɪfɑn; ˈbɑksər ˈlɛnəks luɪs; ˈfɔrmər maɪˈæmi hit stɑr əˈlɑnzoʊ ˈmɔrnɪŋ; gərlz gɔn ʤoʊ ˈfrænsɪs; ənd ˈəðərz. (si ðɛm ɔl baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ hir ər ɔn ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz) gəv. ˈʧɑrli krɪst, huz ˈrənɪŋ fər juz. ˈsɛnɪt, wɑz rɪˈsivd laɪk ə rɑk stɑr. dɪˈspaɪt ðə poʊlz ʃoʊɪŋ hiz bɪˈhaɪnd ˈmɑrkoʊ ˈrubioʊ əˈməŋ rɪˈpəblɪkənz, krɪst prɛst ðə flɛʃ wɪθ ə ˈvɛnʤəns ənd ʃoʊd hiz stɪl ˈpɑpjələr əˈməŋ ðə ˈbjutəfəl ˈpipəl. ənd dɪˈspaɪt ˈstɔriz seɪɪŋ ðət hɪz waɪf əv ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ə jɪr ɪz ˈnoʊˌwɛr tɪ bi faʊnd, ðə fərst ˈleɪdi wɑz glud tɪ hər ˈhəzbənd. "hiz ə ˈbrɪljənt əˈtərni hu həz ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˌædmərˈeɪʃən əv ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl," ðə ˈgəvərnər sɛd əv blæk. "hiz ə hɑrd ˈwərkər, ənd ðoʊz ˈjuʒəwəli gɪt ˈləki." wɛl, ðɛr wɑz wən ˈfeɪljər ðət naɪt: ðə blæks ˈkʊdənt ˈɔkʃən ɔf ə bəˈgɑti veyron*, ðə wərldz moʊst ɪkˈspɛnsɪv kɑr. bət ðɛn, hu ɪn ðɪs ɪˈkɑnəmi kʊd gɪt ˈsəmˌwən tɪ bɪd ˈmɪljən ɔn ˈɛniˌθɪŋ? [mɑrʧ 1 2010--http://www.page2live.com/2010/03/01/lets-get-drunk-roy-black-polo-boss-john-goodmans-lawyer-hosts-yearly-shindig*/] noʊts: ri: vɛt kəˈmɪti: rɔɪ blæk ʃmək, ˈbɑbi bobby_schmuck@who.eop.gov<mailto:bobby_schmuck@who.eop.gov*> simz faɪn. ɔl, ˈfaɪˌnæns wʊd laɪk əˈpruvəl fər rɔɪ blæk tɪ fər wən əv ðə ɪˈvɛnts ɪn maɪˈæmi. hɪz waɪf ˈliə ˈpæsɪz vɛt. əm ˈoʊˈkeɪ wɪθ ɪm bət dɪˈfər tɪ ˈbɑbi ənd ˈəðərz ɪf ðɛr ər əˈbʤɛkʃənz. 8550564 əm faɪn fər ʤɪst ˈmitɪŋz wɪθ mɪˈsinə. ɔn ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 13 2012 æt piɛm, "ˈrufəs ˈgɪfərd" rgifford@barackobama.com<mailto:rgifford@barackobama.com*> roʊt: ðə ˈsɛkənd tu ˈɪʃuz ˈɑrənt ə kənˈsərn ənd ðə fərst wən simz tɪ bi ˈlɑrʤli ˈhirˌseɪ ənd ˌənsəbˈstænʃiˌeɪtɪd. aɪ wʊd seɪ ˈoʊˈkeɪ. hɛˈloʊ ˈɛvriˌwən, til æst ðət aɪ sɛnd ðɪs tɪ fər jʊr ˈɪnˌpʊt. lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ wət ju θɪŋk. θæŋks. aɪ seɪ noʊ, bət θɪŋk ɪts ə kˈwɛʃən fər aɪ æm ˈoʊˈkeɪ wən mɔr əˈdɪʃən: li blæk 95398880 rɔɪ blæk 72082869 haɪ ðɛr, kən wi vɛt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ foʊks tɪ hoʊst ɪn maɪˈæmi pliz. ˈrɑbərt ˈrubənstin 100621684 (noʊ spaʊs) 55343632 ˈsæmi 99673956 ʤeɪn toʊl 100762168 ˈrɑbərt toʊl 99817408 θæŋk ju! mɑrˈkɛz ˈdɛpjəti ˈriʤənəl ˈfaɪˌnæns dɪˈrɛktər saʊθ, ənd ˌmɪdˈwɛst ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈnæʃənəl kəˈmɪti marquezk@dnc.org<mailto:marquezk@dnc.org*>

three prostitution cases have been thrown out this month by hennepin county judges and the minneapolis city attorney, who said minneapolis undercover police investigators went too far. the officers’ sexual contact with the female suspects also drew a sharp denunciation from the chief public defender, mary moriarty. “do citizens want officers behaving in this manner?” moriarty asked wednesday. two of the cases were dismissed by hennepin county judges in rulings that found the officers’ actions constituted “outrageous government conduct.” the third was dismissed by the minneapolis city attorney in light of one of the judges’ rulings. on wednesday, minneapolis police said the department has discontinued such undercover investigations pending a full review of its policies. the department declined to comment on the specific cases. none of the three officers involved in the cases is under internal investigation. as far back as 2009, the minnesota court of appeals had addressed such conduct by minneapolis police when it reversed a prostitution charge, citing similar behavior. at the time, tim dolan asked for an internal inquiry on how the investigation was handled. in the first of the three recent cases, office learned of the conduct as it defended a woman charged in march with four misdemeanor and gross misdemeanor charges of prostitution and illegal acts at a massage business, including exposure and unlawful touching. the city office said at the time that the case was prompted by community complaints about possible prostitution activity at a south minneapolis business. when assistant public defender briana perry received the case, she e-mailed moriarity the audio recorded during the encounter between officer steven lecy and the woman at the massage parlor, saying she found the behavior “just disgusting.” moriarity sent the case to city attorney susan segal and asked for a dismissal, but segal declined. on the recording, after nearly 30 minutes of small talk about tattoos, the weather and his broken hand, lecy, who also compliments the anatomy, interrupts the massage and asks the woman if she wants him to flip onto his back. she begins touching his genitals as part of a naked “body-to-body” massage. lecy can be heard moaning. a few moments later, he says the words “repeat customers,” code to backup officers that time for an arrest. they then enter the room. moriarty said lecy arrived two hours late for this dismissal motion hearing and was surly and clearly upset. “the police department has undercover female officers who do detail like this,” moriarity said. “do you think they would allow themselves to behave in any sort of sexual manner?” in a dismissal order issued in court tuesday, hennepin county judge william fisher said probable cause for a crime could have been established long before the sexual activity recorded on the tape. attorney had argued that touching was necessary to make the encounter a crime. “what must it have been like for this woman to have this happen and find out it was a police officer?” moriarty said. attorney jeffrey dean represented the woman charged in the other two eventually dismissed cases. one case involved officer christopher reiter, who was found to have engaged in “outrageous sexual conduct” that violated a due process rights while he was doing undercover work at a south minneapolis parlor in november 2014. hennepin county judge amy dawson wrote in her aug. 7 dismissal order that reiter “initiated sexual contact that required for the collection of evidence to establish elements of the offense.” nearly 20 minutes into his interaction with the woman, court documents say, reiter pointed to his groin after she asked “if there were any areas she had missed.” she started to rub his genitals and they negotiated a price for further action “that would take care of him,” the documents say. reiter’s attorney argued that his behavior was necessary to gather evidence and to protect his safety until backup officers arrived. he was merely involving himself in ongoing criminal activity and the woman a reluctant participant, his attorney argued, court documents show. “cases regarding prostitution can have actions that can be offensive or distasteful,” attorney wrote. “that does not make them due process violations.” the third case involved the same woman dean represented in his other case. she was arrested in may after officer asked her to rub his genitals before he negotiated a price for sex, dean said. the city attorney dismissed that case monday. “my hope is that the police department will finally stop engaging in the outrageous conduct of having sexual relations with the targets of their investigations,” dean said. “women in prostitution are vulnerable and traumatized. they have often been the victims of physical and sexual abuse and suffer from poverty and addiction. when police engage in this unnecessary sexual conduct, the officer worsens the trauma and deepens the damage.” new massage license needed meanwhile, a city spokesman said wednesday that minneapolis’ new massage license ordinance may offer a civil regulatory path to reducing prostitution that require building cases for criminal prosecution. the new rules, which were passed by the city council in 2013 and went into effect in july, require home businesses to pay an annual licensing fee of $50 and larger massage businesses to pay $140. the new rules also outline a variety of “unlawful acts” that could result in a citation or revoked license. the ordinance is aimed at making it harder for prostitution rings and other illegal outfits to thrive under the guise of the massage business.

θri ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən ˈkeɪsɪz hæv bɪn θroʊn aʊt ðɪs mənθ baɪ ˈhɛnɪpɪn ˈkaʊnti ˈʤəʤɪz ənd ðə ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs ˈsɪti əˈtərni, hu sɛd ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs ˌəndərˈkəvər pəˈlis ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz wɛnt tu fɑr. ðə officers’*’ ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈsəˌspɛkts ˈɔlsoʊ dru ə ʃɑrp dɪˌnənsiˈeɪʃən frəm ðə ʧif ˈpəblɪk dɪˈfɛndər, ˈmɛri ˌmɔriˈɑrti. ˈsɪtɪzənz wɔnt ˈɔfɪsərz bɪˈheɪvɪŋ ɪn ðɪs manner?”*?” ˌmɔriˈɑrti æst ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. tu əv ðə ˈkeɪsɪz wər dɪsˈmɪst baɪ ˈhɛnɪpɪn ˈkaʊnti ˈʤəʤɪz ɪn ˈrulɪŋz ðət faʊnd ðə officers’*’ ˈækʃənz ˈkɑnstəˌtutəd ˈgəvərnmənt conduct.”*.” ðə θərd wɑz dɪsˈmɪst baɪ ðə ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs ˈsɪti əˈtərni ɪn laɪt əv wən əv ðə judges’*’ ˈrulɪŋz. ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs pəˈlis sɛd ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt həz dɪskənˈtɪnjud səʧ ˌəndərˈkəvər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ˈpɛndɪŋ ə fʊl ˌrivˈju əv ɪts ˈpɑləsiz. ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈkeɪsɪz. nən əv ðə θri ˈɔfɪsərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈkeɪsɪz ɪz ˈəndər ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ɛz fɑr bæk ɛz 2009 ðə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə kɔrt əv əˈpilz hæd əˈdrɛst səʧ ˈkɑndəkt baɪ ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs pəˈlis wɪn ɪt rɪˈvərst ə ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən ʧɑrʤ, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈsɪmələr bɪˈheɪvjər. æt ðə taɪm, tɪm ˈdoʊlən æst fər ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ɔn haʊ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɑz ˈhændəld. ɪn ðə fərst əv ðə θri ˈrisənt ˈkeɪsɪz, ˈɔfəs ˈlərnɪd əv ðə ˈkɑndəkt ɛz ɪt dɪˈfɛndɪd ə ˈwʊmən ʧɑrʤd ɪn mɑrʧ wɪθ fɔr ˌmɪsdəˈminər ənd groʊs ˌmɪsdəˈminər ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən ənd ˌɪˈligəl ækts æt ə məˈsɑʒ ˈbɪznɪs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪkˈspoʊʒər ənd ənˈlɔfəl ˈtəʧɪŋ. ðə ˈsɪti ˈɔfəs sɛd æt ðə taɪm ðət ðə keɪs wɑz ˈprɑmptɪd baɪ kəmˈjunɪti kəmˈpleɪnts əˈbaʊt ˈpɑsəbəl ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən ækˈtɪvɪti æt ə saʊθ ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs ˈbɪznɪs. wɪn əˈsɪstənt ˈpəblɪk dɪˈfɛndər briˈɑnə ˈpɛri rɪˈsivd ðə keɪs, ʃi ˈiˌmeɪld ˌmɔriˈɑrəti ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ɪnˈkaʊnər bɪtˈwin ˈɔfɪsər ˈstivən ˈlisi ənd ðə ˈwʊmən æt ðə məˈsɑʒ ˈpɑrlər, seɪɪŋ ʃi faʊnd ðə bɪˈheɪvjər disgusting.”*.” ˌmɔriˈɑrəti sɛnt ðə keɪs tɪ ˈsɪti əˈtərni ˈsuzən ˈsigəl ənd æst fər ə dɪsˈmɪsəl, bət ˈsigəl dɪˈklaɪnd. ɔn ðə rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ, ˈæftər ˈnɪrli 30 ˈmɪnəts əv smɔl tɔk əˈbaʊt ˌtæˈtuz, ðə ˈwɛðər ənd hɪz ˈbroʊkən hænd, ˈlisi, hu ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkɑmpləmɛnts ðə əˈnætəmi, ˌɪntərˈəpts ðə məˈsɑʒ ənd æsks ðə ˈwʊmən ɪf ʃi wɔnts ɪm tɪ flɪp ˈɔntu hɪz bæk. ʃi bɪˈgɪnz ˈtəʧɪŋ hɪz ˈʤɛnətəlz ɛz pɑrt əv ə ˈneɪkəd ““body-to-body”*” məˈsɑʒ. ˈlisi kən bi hərd ˈmoʊnɪŋ. ə fju ˈmoʊmənts ˈleɪtər, hi sɪz ðə wərdz customers,”*,” koʊd tɪ ˈbæˌkəp ˈɔfɪsərz ðət taɪm fər ən ərˈɛst. ðeɪ ðɛn ˈɛnər ðə rum. ˌmɔriˈɑrti sɛd ˈlisi əraɪvd tu aʊərz leɪt fər ðɪs dɪsˈmɪsəl ˈmoʊʃən ˈhirɪŋ ənd wɑz ˈsərli ənd ˈklɪrli ˈəpˌsɛt. pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt həz ˌəndərˈkəvər ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈɔfɪsərz hu du ˈditeɪl laɪk this,”*,” ˌmɔriˈɑrəti sɛd. ju θɪŋk ðeɪ wʊd əˈlaʊ ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ bɪˈheɪv ɪn ˈɛni sɔrt əv ˈsɛkʃuəl manner?”*?” ɪn ə dɪsˈmɪsəl ˈɔrdər ˈɪʃud ɪn kɔrt ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈhɛnɪpɪn ˈkaʊnti ʤəʤ ˈwɪljəm ˈfɪʃər sɛd ˈprɑbəbəl kɔz fər ə kraɪm kʊd hæv bɪn ɪˈstæblɪʃt lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti rɪˈkɔrdɪd ɔn ðə teɪp. əˈtərni hæd ˈɑrgjud ðət ˈtəʧɪŋ wɑz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ meɪk ðə ɪnˈkaʊnər ə kraɪm. məst ɪt hæv bɪn laɪk fər ðɪs ˈwʊmən tɪ hæv ðɪs ˈhæpən ənd faɪnd aʊt ɪt wɑz ə pəˈlis officer?”*?” ˌmɔriˈɑrti sɛd. əˈtərni ˈʤɛfri din ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ðə ˈwʊmən ʧɑrʤd ɪn ðə ˈəðər tu ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli dɪsˈmɪst ˈkeɪsɪz. wən keɪs ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈɔfɪsər ˈkrɪstəfər ˈraɪtər, hu wɑz faʊnd tɪ hæv ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl conduct”*” ðət ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ə du ˈprɔˌsɛs raɪts waɪl hi wɑz duɪŋ ˌəndərˈkəvər wərk æt ə saʊθ ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs ˈpɑrlər ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2014 ˈhɛnɪpɪn ˈkaʊnti ʤəʤ ˈeɪmi ˈdɔsən roʊt ɪn hər ˈɔgəst. 7 dɪsˈmɪsəl ˈɔrdər ðət ˈraɪtər ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈkɑnˌtækt ðət rikˈwaɪərd fər ðə kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈɛvədəns tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ˈɛləmənts əv ðə offense.”*.” ˈnɪrli 20 ˈmɪnəts ˈɪntu hɪz ˌɪnərˈækʃən wɪθ ðə ˈwʊmən, kɔrt ˈdɑkjəmənts seɪ, ˈraɪtər ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ hɪz grɔɪn ˈæftər ʃi æst ðɛr wər ˈɛni ˈɛriəz ʃi hæd missed.”*.” ʃi ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ rəb hɪz ˈʤɛnətəlz ənd ðeɪ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪd ə praɪs fər ˈfərðər ˈækʃən wʊd teɪk kɛr əv him,”*,” ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts seɪ. əˈtərni ˈɑrgjud ðət hɪz bɪˈheɪvjər wɑz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ ˈgæðər ˈɛvədəns ənd tɪ prəˈtɛkt hɪz ˈseɪfti ənˈtɪl ˈbæˌkəp ˈɔfɪsərz əraɪvd. hi wɑz ˈmɪrli ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈkrɪmənəl ækˈtɪvɪti ənd ðə ˈwʊmən ə rɪˈləktənt pɑrˈtɪsəpənt, hɪz əˈtərni ˈɑrgjud, kɔrt ˈdɑkjəmənts ʃoʊ. rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən kən hæv ˈækʃənz ðət kən bi əˈfɛnsɪv ər distasteful,”*,” əˈtərni roʊt. dɪz nɑt meɪk ðɛm du ˈprɔˌsɛs violations.”*.” ðə θərd keɪs ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ðə seɪm ˈwʊmən din ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɪn hɪz ˈəðər keɪs. ʃi wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɪn meɪ ˈæftər ˈɔfɪsər æst hər tɪ rəb hɪz ˈʤɛnətəlz ˌbiˈfɔr hi nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪd ə praɪs fər sɛks, din sɛd. ðə ˈsɪti əˈtərni dɪsˈmɪst ðət keɪs ˈmənˌdeɪ. hoʊp ɪz ðət ðə pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt wɪl ˈfaɪnəli stɑp ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ðə aʊˈtreɪʤəs ˈkɑndəkt əv ˈhævɪŋ ˈsɛkʃuəl riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ðə ˈtɑrgəts əv ðɛr investigations,”*,” din sɛd. ɪn ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən ər ˈvəlnərəbəl ənd ˈtrɔməˌtaɪzd. ðeɪ hæv ˈɔfən bɪn ðə ˈvɪktɪmz əv ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈbjuz ənd ˈsəfər frəm ˈpɑvərti ənd əˈdɪkʃən. wɪn pəˈlis ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ðɪs ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈkɑndəkt, ðə ˈɔfɪsər ˈwərsənz ðə ˈtrɔmə ənd ˈdipənz ðə damage.”*.” nu məˈsɑʒ ˈlaɪsəns ˈnidɪd ˈminˌwaɪl, ə ˈsɪti ˈspoʊksmən sɛd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət minneapolis’*’ nu məˈsɑʒ ˈlaɪsəns ˈɔrdənəns meɪ ˈɔfər ə ˈsɪvəl ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri pæθ tɪ rɪˈdusɪŋ ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən ðət ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈkeɪsɪz fər ˈkrɪmənəl ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən. ðə nu rulz, wɪʧ wər pæst baɪ ðə ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl ɪn 2013 ənd wɛnt ˈɪntu ˈifɛkt ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ˌrikˈwaɪər hoʊm ˈbɪznɪsɪz tɪ peɪ ən ˈænjuəl ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ fi əv 50 ənd ˈlɑrʤər məˈsɑʒ ˈbɪznɪsɪz tɪ peɪ 140 ðə nu rulz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈaʊˌtlaɪn ə vərˈaɪəti əv acts”*” ðət kʊd rɪˈzəlt ɪn ə saɪˈteɪʃən ər rɪˈvoʊkt ˈlaɪsəns. ðə ˈɔrdənəns ɪz eɪmd æt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈhɑrdər fər ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən rɪŋz ənd ˈəðər ˌɪˈligəl ˈaʊtˌfɪts tɪ θraɪv ˈəndər ðə gaɪz əv ðə məˈsɑʒ ˈbɪznɪs.

overview (3) mini bio (1) widely regarded as one of greatest stage and screen actors, both in his native great britain and internationally, twice nominated for the oscar and recipient of every major theatrical award in and us, ian murray was born on may 25, 1939 in burnley, lancashire, england, to margery lois (sutcliffe) and denis murray, a civil engineer. he is of scottish, northern irish, and english descent. during his early childhood, his parents moved with ian and his sister jean to the mill town of wigan. it was in this small town that young ian rode out world war. he soon developed a fascination with acting and the theater, which was encouraged by his parents. they would take him to plays, those by william shakespeare, in particular. the amateur school productions fostered growing passion for theatre. when ian was of age to begin attending school, he made sure to get roles in all of the productions. at bolton school in particular, he developed his skills early on. indeed, his first role in a play was at bolton, as in "twelfth night". ian soon began attending theater festivals, where he saw the greats perform: laurence olivier, wendy hiller, john gielgud, ralph richardson and paul robeson. he continued his education in english drama, but soon it fell by the wayside as he concentrated more and more on performing. he eventually obtained his bachelor of arts in 1961, and began his career in earnest. mckellen began working in theatre over the next few years. very few people knew of homosexuality; he saw no reason to go public, nor had he told his family. they did not seem interested in the subject and so he saw no reason to bring it up. in 1988, ian publicly came out of the closet on the bbc radio 4 program, while discussing margaret thatcher's "section 28" legislation, which made the promotion of homosexuality as a family relationship by local authorities an offense. it was reason enough for to take a stand. he has been active in the gay rights movement ever since. ian resides in limehouse, where he has also lived with his former partner sean mathias. the two men have also worked together on the film bent (1997) as well as in acclaimed stage productions. to this day, works mostly in theater, and was knighted by queen elizabeth in 1990 for his efforts in the arts. however, he has managed to make several quite successful forays into film. he has appeared in several productions of shakespeare's works including his well received richardi (1995), and in a variety of other movies. however, it has only been recently that his star has finally begun to shine in the eyes of north american audiences. roles in various films, cold comfort farm (1995), apt pupil (1998) and gods and monsters (1998), riveted audiences. the latter, in particular, created a sensation in hollywood, and's role garnered him several of awards and nominations, including a golden globe and an oscar nod., as he continues to work extensively on stage, he always keeps on 'solidifying' his 'role' as laurence worthy 'successor' in the best sense too, such as _king lear (2008)_ directed by trevor nunn and in a range of other staggering performances full of generously euphoric delight that have included "peter pan" and coward's "present laughter", as well as samuel "waiting for godot" and harold "no man's land", both in acclaimed productions brilliantly directed by sean mathias. mckellen found mainstream success with his performance as in (2000) and its sequels. his largest mark on the big screen may be as gandalf in the lord of the rings film trilogy directed by peter jackson, which he in the hobbit trilogy. - mini biography by: trade mark (2) rich and flawless voice, combined with shakespearean bearing. distinctively calm style of speaking. trivia (71) he was appointed knight bachelor in the 1991 queen's new year list for his services to drama. has played the vampire in the music video "heart" by pet shop boys originated the role of antonio in the broadway production of "amadeus". had a tattoo of the character for 9 along with seven other members of the fellowship in the lord of the rings: the fellowship of the ring (2001). was offered the part of mission commander in mission: impossible (2000). he was not able to accept the role, due to a prior theatre engagement in london. the part eventually went to anthony hopkins he was awarded the (commander of the order of the british empire) in the 1979 queen's birthday list for his services to drama. according to an interview, one of the last things margaret thatcher did as prime minister was recommending him for a knighthood. the original lord of the rings books, and comics, both feature a character named sauron, and a book entitled "the return of the king". the graphic novel "the return of the king" is, appropriately, about the return of. he was awarded the laurence olivier theatre award in 1985 (1984 season) for best actor in a revival for "wild honey". he was awarded the laurence olivier theatre award in 1991 (1990 season) for best actor in "richardi" at the royal national theatre. before performing the role of gandalf, he listened to a recording of j.r.r. reading gandalf lines from the novel. he used this as a base for creating the character, and imitated the accent used by in the recording. began acting as a means of escape from mourning after his mother's death and constant bullying at school from fellow students. he was awarded the 1989 london evening standard theatre award for best actor for his performance in "othello". he was awarded the 1984 london evening standard theatre award for best actor for his performance in "coriolanus". he was awarded the 1989 london critics circle theatre award (drama theatre award) for best actor for his performance in "othello". graduated with a in english from cambridge university. studied at st. college, university of cambridge, when he was 18, with sir derek jacobi , and with whom he had been "desperately in love", as he confessed on inside the actors studio (1994). in an article in "the advocate", issue dated december 11, 2001, he further explained that what he had felt for jacobi in their youth was "a passion that was undeclared and unrequited". originally aspired to be a journalist. was a member of the royal shakespeare company (rsc) in at the same time as patrick stewart wore a prosthetic nose to play gandalf in the lord of the rings trilogy. has played cult characters in two of the biggest franchises; he played gandalf in the lord of the rings trilogy and in the film series. won broadway's 1981 tony award as best actor (play) for originating the role of antonio in "amadeus". he was nominated in the same category in 1984 for "ian acting shakespeare". he used the phrase "old friend" in both the film series and the lord of the rings trilogy. in both cases (to christopher lee as in the lord of the rings and patrick stewart as xavier in) it is said to an ally who has become a nemesis and "old friend" is said mockingly. has worked with twos. prior to appearing in the lord of the rings films with david , he appeared in the film plenty (1985), with andrew . played in the bbc radio adaptation, opposite ian holm he said that appeal of the films to him was the concept of mutants being shunned, something he says he identifies with as he was repeatedly shunned as an open homosexual. like his the da vinci code (2006) character, sir leigh, he has been knighted. as such, prior to being cast, he spotted two errors in the book's portrayal of knighthood. knights neither receive id badges nor are granted any of the special privileges demands as a result of knighthood. only performer to receive an acting academy award nomination for peter jackson 's lord of the rings trilogy. in the independent of sunday 2006 pink list - a list of the most influential gay men and women - he came no. 1, up from no. 2, knocking elton john from top spot. he was awarded the companion of honour in the 2008 queen's new year list for his services to drama and to equality. ranked #45 in the 2008 telegraph's list "the 100 most powerful people in british culture". was head boy at bolton school. marched at london's gay pride parade july 5, 2008. had not read either "the golden compass" (aka "northern lights") by philip pullman , or any of the lord of the rings books by j.r.r. before he was cast in the movie adaptations. played in three consecutive films - the only other actors to play comic book criminals in three films, as of 2008, are james franco as harry osborn, gene hackman as lex and his (2000) co-star, rebecca as mystique. received an honorary doctorate from the university of ulster on february 3, 2013. had maggie smith play his mother in richardi (1995), and then played her on an episode of "saturday night live". in the bbc radio production of "goldfinger", he worked with her real son, toby stephens . smith's former husband, sir robert stephens , also played in the bbc radio version of "the lord of the rings". has english, northern irish, and scottish ancestry. at 74 years old, he is the oldest actor to be cast in the role of sherlock holmes. revealed in december 2012 that he has been diagnosed with prostate cancer. "the bells of hell go ting-a-ling-a-ling" (with gregory peck ) in 1966 would have been his feature film debut but for the hostile snowy swiss location weather. the production, a world war i film with a script by roald dahl to be directed by david miller , was abandoned after 5 weeks filming. although he was 56 when he played the title character in richardi (1995), king richardi was only 32 years old when he died on august 22, 1485. although he played maggie smith 's son in richardi (1995), he is less than five years her junior in real life. he was offered the role of king charles vi of france in henry v (1989) but he turned it down. paul scofield was eventually cast. was considered for the role of clayton in tarzan (1999). turned down the role of albus dumbledore in harry potter and the prisoner of (2004). he was quoted saying "i had enough trouble living up to one legend. two would be too much to hope for." (referring to his role as gandalf in "lord of the rings"). was considered for the role of judge claude in the hunchback of notre dame (1996). he was awarded he 1998 back stage garland award for outstanding performance for "an enemy of the people" in a royal national theatre production at the ahmanson theatre in los angeles, california. was offered $1.5 million by sean parker to officiate at his-themed wedding in 2013, in costume as gandalf, but declined, saying "gandalf doesn't do weddings". his grand grand father on his mother side, robert lowes had been an active member of a institution, that campaigned to get "half of a day" holiday on fridays for workers of industrial age in manchester in 1890's. this campaign, that had got successful and underlie weekend concept of modern times. strangest career encounters usually involve avid fans who tell him that they've seen and love all the harry potter films. ian's mother margery died when he was 12 and his father denis died when ian was 24 . began and abandoned work on his autobiography, returning a million dollar advance from his publisher, after he found the experience of researching his life too painful. of clan mcquillan. personal quotes (41) [on his first theatre experience, "peter pan"] i wasn't over-impressed. for one thing it wasn't a real crocodile and i could see the wires. i think it's one thing to declare your sexuality, if you care about what that is. it's another thing to start talking in public about what you do in private and who you do it with. it's not that they [my significant others] don't want to be identified as gay, but that they don't want to be identified as ... with me. many unthinking people just don't like the idea of gays joining in their games, nor in the military and, it would seem, in the movies. when i, as gandalf, meet bilbo or frodo at home, i bump my head on the rafters. [ j.r.r. ] didn't think to mention it. i am encouraged by the theatricality of [ j.r.r. 's] readings - full of rhythm and humor and characterization. without question gandalf is like but then so, i suspected, are frodo and. i've had enough of being a gay icon! i've had enough of all this hard work, because, since i came out, i keep getting all these parts, and my taken off. i want a quiet life. i'm going back into the closet. but i can't get back into the closet, because it's absolutely full of other actors. i ... think of the bible as great literature rather than great history; great imagination rather than reliable witness. whatever, it is not as a law book that i respect the bible. acting is no longer about lying. it's now about revealing the truth. people are at ease with me now. honesty is the best policy. "the lord of the rings" is a mythology, it is a fairy tale, it's an adventure story. it never happened. except somewhere in our hearts. it wasn't exactly a mistake, but if there's anything i regret, it's probably having disguised my own native accent. actors of my generation all tended to speak [received pronunciation]. of course, it's all different now and drama students are encouraged to keep their regional accents and be able to do when required. even at the bbc these days there's no accent, and i rather think that's a good thing. [12/5/03, about the cheering fans outside the hotel, where he was staying in wellington, new zealand:] it's like several christmases all come at once. they all love gandalf, but i'm like father christmas in the shop. i'm not the real one. [12/5/03, on initially thinking it crazy to release the trilogy 12 months apart] i thought people wouldn't remember what happened a year ago. but i hadn't factored that they would be so successful at the box office, and that so many people would buy the dvd and videos in between the release of each film. i had thought the whole enterprise was doomed, because of the release pattern. i'm very happy to have been proved wrong. they'll let me play a wizard, but they still wouldn't cast a young gay actor - who was out - in a straight romantic lead. they didn't call it marriage, although you can call it anything you want. the one thing you cannot mention is god, that is absolutely verboten. i suppose i'm a bit mean-spirited, but i really can't see why the government couldn't just say gay people can get married - that would have been true equality and so much simpler. but that hasn't been done because they couldn't face the furore. so they've passed a law that is not available to straight people - straight people cannot have a civil partnership, they have to get married - extraordinary. if the da vinci code (2006) had been filming in a place where it rains a lot, i probably wouldn't have done it. quite low down in the list is "how much am i going to be paid?" i'd say i was quite cheap, but my main feeling about money is that i don't want to feel as though i'm being taken advantage of. certainly, i'm cheaper than anthony hopkins . the other actors they asked to play gandalf wouldn't go to new zealand on that money for that length of time. i thought it would be a bit of an adventure. tony hopkins didn't think it would be an adventure. tony is part of hollywood. i'm an eccentric english actor, and there's a lot of us around. if i was a star, it would be difficult to go off and do coronation street (1960). so i guess i'm not a star. nobody has ever looked to hollywood for social advance. hollywood is a dream factory. i love the way that conservatives think that hollywood is a bed of radicalism - it couldn't be more staid and if it tried. the audience don't give a blind whatever about the sexuality of actors. gay people fancy straight people and vice-versa. it's all in the head, so what does it matter? you're not going to meet 'heath ledger'. you're not going to find out . . . it's the image you're looking at and falling in love with. there will be girls who go and see those two unhappy gay cowboys and go home and have fantasy dreams about them. lovely! it may be my rather puritanical upbringing at odds with my inborn laziness that makes me feel guilty at the end of the day, unless i am able to point at some achievement. but this need be no more impressive than cooking a meal or going for a long walk. i don't make much distinction between being a stand-up comic and acting shakespeare - in fact, unless you're a good comedian, you're never going to be able to play hamlet properly. i've often thought the bible should have a disclaimer at the front saying, "this is fiction." i mean, walking on water? i mean, it takes an act of faith. it is very, very, very difficult for an american actor who wants a film career to be open about his sexuality. and even more difficult for a woman if she's lesbian. it's very distressing to me that that should be the case. the film industry is very old fashioned in california. my confidence only really peaked when i was 49 and said, "yes, i'm gay." in theatre, i have been able to take parts i didn't think i could do - you have time to rehearse and learn. in movies, they want you to do what they know you can do - there isn't the time. i looked down from my terrace hanging over the thames one morning. it was low tide and there, stranded on the pebbles, was a corpse - hairless, white and bloated. was it a calf or a sheep or a goat or a dog? i stared at it until the tide rose and washed it away. for 24 hours i was off my food. when i started eating again, i couldn't face meat - fresh or tinned. overnight i was vegetarian and i have been for 15 years or more. i've seen the pictures of factory farming and followed the politics of mad cow disease and felt effortlessly superior. yet it's not reason or conscience that keeps me off meat and these days fish, a memory of that unidentifiable, decomposing body on the beach. about the 2008 death of brad renfro : "i first caught sight of brad renfro when he was kicking a football around with bryan singer on the set of apt pupil (1998) in hollywood. he was a kid having fun and that's how i shall always remember him. but he was more than that. he was a proper actor and when we worked together he was determined to be accepted as such. on set, he was confident although it was obvious he would have benefited from training as an actor. yet, as todd, the disturbed teenager in apt pupil, he tapped into an inner demonic world and carried the film on his young shoulders. he longed to belong in the alien world which perhaps in the end overwhelmed him. he was only 25 and it is dreadful we see all that he might have achieved." i didn't like my character. he didn't seem very deep. he just seemed a representative of evil. - on apt pupil (1998). when i act, some people fancy me and some of them are women. there we are! what's the problem? they don't believe me when i say i am in love with a don't believe me when i say i am a wizard? they believe me even though they know i am not. it's all nonsense. everyone knows we are acting. [in a reuters interview, responding to those who say that gay actors shouldn't come out because then no one will find them believable in romantic scenes with actors of the opposite gender.] don't give up the projects you really want for some extra time with your girlfriend or because you don't want to miss a holiday with your family. they'll understand. just don't have any regrets. i often get mistaken for 'dumbledore'. one wizard is very much like another. [on 'coming out' as being gay] i immediately felt better in every way. i felt relieved that i wasn't lying. you know, when i was growing up in england, there were no gay clubs i knew about. there were no bars. homosexuals were shamed publicly and imprisoned. you were on your own, looking over your shoulder all the time, hoping in the handshake of a stranger that he might be somebody gay. the first film role i deliberately chose to play after i came out was a raging heterosexual, john profumo. i was just a little bit worried about whether i could carry out the bed scenes. i'm a snob about standards. but i don't find anything odd at all in being known for playing gandalf. i couldn't be happier about it. other people tend to get snobbish on my behalf. 'it must be dreadful to always be thought of as gandalf', they say. well i can't always be thought of as richardi. peter [jackson] and i were just so thrilled that gandalf the white wasn't in 'the hobbit'. we prefer gandalf the grey. he can have a smoke and a drink and a chat , and do a few little tricks. it was a great relief. i don't approve of titles. i think they get in the way. i do however approve of medals for public service, and that's how i choose to look at it.. [but] other actors said to me, 'please we need a knighthood. because when a knight knocks on the door of a government office, it has to open'. i like fantasy movies, i like musicals, i like variety shows, i like tony bennett - it's all the same to me. the fact that some things are more popular than others doesn't make them better, and it certainly doesn't make them worse. i get offered a lot of parts that require long beards. i've turned down god on a number of occasions. [at a reunion, to observer michael fassbender ] i just want to say how lovely it is to be back in california. i feel safe here now that you've got rid of proposition 8. i'm looking for a husband. it's great to meet you michael. i don't think i'm top choice. in theatre - for shakespeare - i'm quite near the top, but not for all directors. in film, i'm way, way down. spielberg's never asked to work with me, tarantino has never asked, sam mendes has never asked. it isn't as if there's a long list of films i've turned down but there are plenty i wish i'd had a go at. that's the truth. i've always loved dictionaries and encyclopedias. now you get all that on your computer. it's fantastic. you're looking up something about dickens and you're invited to explore more and more. i don't know if that's wasting time or not but it doesn't help me to learn lines. [on the oscars] my speech has been in two jackets ... 'i'm proud to be the first openly gay man to win the oscar.' i've had to put it back in my pocket twice. [2016] [on the academy awards] if you are trying to have a career, as a black or hispanic actor in a state - california - where white people are now the minority, and you are being judged by an academy where the vast majority are white, male, middle-aged and old ... well, perhaps that is the wrong yardstick. [2016] before michael mann had devised miami vice (1984) he directed the keep (1983) and produced it and wrote it. he cast me as the father, a romanian academic who gets caught up with nazis and a monster trapped deep in the keep. ever-diligent, i had specially made my first trip to bucharest and then had a couple of lessons from a dialect coach in london. so by the first day of filming i was ready to sound and feel authentically romanian. just before my first take as dr. cuza, michael said: "drop the accent - make him more chicago." well, if the makes a request, you jump to it. [june 2000] salary (2)

ˈoʊvərvˌju 3 ˈmɪni baɪoʊ 1 ˈwaɪdli rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz wən əv ˈgreɪtəst steɪʤ ənd skrin ˈæktərz, boʊθ ɪn hɪz ˈneɪtɪv greɪt ˈbrɪtən ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli, twaɪs ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd fər ðə ˈɔskər ənd rɪˈsɪpiənt əv ˈɛvəri ˈmeɪʤər θiˈætrɪkəl əˈwɔrd ɪn ənd ˈjuˈɛs, ˈiən ˈməri wɑz bɔrn ɔn meɪ 25 1939 ɪn ˈbərnli, ˈlæŋkəˌʃaɪr, ˈɪŋglənd, tɪ ˈmɑrʤəri loʊəs (ˈsətklɪf) ənd ˈdɛnɪs ˈməri, ə ˈsɪvəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr. hi ɪz əv ˈskɑtɪʃ, ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪrɪʃ, ənd ˈɪŋlɪʃ dɪˈsɛnt. ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈərli ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd, hɪz ˈpɛrənts muvd wɪθ ˈiən ənd hɪz ˈsɪstər ʤin tɪ ðə mɪl taʊn əv wigan*. ɪt wɑz ɪn ðɪs smɔl taʊn ðət jəŋ ˈiən roʊd aʊt wərld wɔr. hi sun dɪˈvɛləpt ə ˌfæsəˈneɪʃən wɪθ ˈæktɪŋ ənd ðə ˈθieɪtər, wɪʧ wɑz ɪnˈkərəʤd baɪ hɪz ˈpɛrənts. ðeɪ wʊd teɪk ɪm tɪ pleɪz, ðoʊz baɪ ˈwɪljəm ˈʃeɪkˌspir, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr. ðə ˈæməˌʧər skul pərˈdəkʃənz ˈfɑstərd groʊɪŋ ˈpæʃən fər ˈθiətər. wɪn ˈiən wɑz əv eɪʤ tɪ bɪˈgɪn əˈtɛndɪŋ skul, hi meɪd ʃʊr tɪ gɪt roʊlz ɪn ɔl əv ðə pərˈdəkʃənz. æt ˈboʊltən skul ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, hi dɪˈvɛləpt hɪz skɪlz ˈərli ɔn. ˌɪnˈdid, hɪz fərst roʊl ɪn ə pleɪ wɑz æt ˈboʊltən, ɛz ɪn "twɛlfθ naɪt". ˈiən sun bɪˈgæn əˈtɛndɪŋ ˈθieɪtər ˈfɛstɪvəlz, wɛr hi sɔ ðə greɪts pərˈfɔrm: ˈlɔrəns ˌoʊˈlɪˌviˌeɪ, ˈwɛndi ˈhɪlər, ʤɑn ˈgilgəd, rælf ˈrɪʧərdsən ənd pɔl ˈroʊbɪsən. hi kənˈtɪnjud hɪz ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈdrɑmə, bət sun ɪt fɛl baɪ ðə ˈweɪˌsaɪd ɛz hi ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd mɔr ənd mɔr ɔn pərˈfɔrmɪŋ. hi ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli əbˈteɪnd hɪz ˈbæʧələr əv ɑrts ɪn 1961 ənd bɪˈgæn hɪz kərɪr ɪn ˈərnɪst. bɪˈgæn ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ˈθiətər ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst fju jɪrz. ˈvɛri fju ˈpipəl nu əv ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈæləˌti; hi sɔ noʊ ˈrizən tɪ goʊ ˈpəblɪk, nɔr hæd hi toʊld hɪz ˈfæməli. ðeɪ dɪd nɑt sim ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ənd soʊ hi sɔ noʊ ˈrizən tɪ brɪŋ ɪt əp. ɪn 1988 ˈiən ˈpəblɪkli keɪm aʊt əv ðə ˈklɑzət ɔn ðə ˌbibiˈsi ˈreɪdiˌoʊ 4 ˈproʊˌgræm, waɪl dɪˈskəsɪŋ ˈmɑrgərɪt ˈθæʧərz "ˈsɛkʃən 28 ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən, wɪʧ meɪd ðə pərˈmoʊʃən əv ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈæləˌti ɛz ə ˈfæməli riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp baɪ ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrətiz ən əˈfɛns. ɪt wɑz ˈrizən ɪˈnəf fər tɪ teɪk ə stænd. hi həz bɪn ˈæktɪv ɪn ðə geɪ raɪts ˈmuvmənt ˈɛvər sɪns. ˈiən rɪˈzaɪdz ɪn ˈlaɪmˌhaʊs, wɛr hi həz ˈɔlsoʊ lɪvd wɪθ hɪz ˈfɔrmər ˈpɑrtnər ʃɔn məˈθaɪəs. ðə tu mɛn hæv ˈɔlsoʊ wərkt təˈgɛðər ɔn ðə fɪlm bɛnt 1997 ɛz wɛl ɛz ɪn əˈkleɪmd steɪʤ pərˈdəkʃənz. tɪ ðɪs deɪ, wərks ˈmoʊstli ɪn ˈθieɪtər, ənd wɑz ˈnaɪtɪd baɪ kwin ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ɪn 1990 fər hɪz ˈɛfərts ɪn ðə ɑrts. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi həz ˈmænɪʤd tɪ meɪk ˈsɛvərəl kwaɪt səkˈsɛsfəl ˈfɔreɪz ˈɪntu fɪlm. hi həz əˈpɪrd ɪn ˈsɛvərəl pərˈdəkʃənz əv ˈʃeɪkˌspirz wərks ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hɪz wɛl rɪˈsivd ˈrɪʧərd 1995 ənd ɪn ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈəðər ˈmuviz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt həz ˈoʊnli bɪn ˈrisəntli ðət hɪz stɑr həz ˈfaɪnəli ˈbeɪgən tɪ ʃaɪn ɪn ðə aɪz əv nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɔdiənsəz. roʊlz ɪn ˈvɛriəs fɪlmz, koʊld ˈkəmfərt fɑrm 1995 æpt ˈpjupəl 1998 ənd gɑdz ənd ˈmɑnstərz 1998 ˈrɪvətɪd ˈɔdiənsəz. ðə ˈlætər, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, kriˈeɪtɪd ə sɛnˈseɪʃən ɪn ˈhɑliˌwʊd, ənd roʊl ˈgɑrnərd ɪm ˈsɛvərəl əv əˈwɔrdz ənd ˌnɑməˈneɪʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈgoʊldən gloʊb ənd ən ˈɔskər nɑd., ɛz hi kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ wərk ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli ɔn steɪʤ, hi ˈɔlˌweɪz kips ɔn 'səˈlɪdəˌfaɪɪŋ' hɪz 'roʊl' ɛz ˈlɔrəns ˈwərði 'səkˈsɛsər' ɪn ðə bɛst sɛns tu, səʧ ɛz _kɪŋ lɪr 2008 dɪˈrɛktɪd baɪ ˈtrɛvər nən ənd ɪn ə reɪnʤ əv ˈəðər ˈstægərˌɪŋ pərˈfɔrmənsɪz fʊl əv ˈʤɛnərəsli juˈfɔrɪk dɪˈlaɪt ðət hæv ˌɪnˈkludɪd "ˈpitər pæn" ənd kaʊərdz "ˈprɛzənt ˈlæftər", ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈsæmjul "ˈweɪtɪŋ fər gəˈdoʊ" ənd ˈhɛrəld "noʊ mænz lænd", boʊθ ɪn əˈkleɪmd pərˈdəkʃənz ˈbrɪljəntli dɪˈrɛktɪd baɪ ʃɔn məˈθaɪəs. faʊnd ˈmeɪnˌstrim səkˈsɛs wɪθ hɪz pərˈfɔrməns ɛz ɪn 2000 ənd ɪts ˈsikwəlz. hɪz ˈlɑrʤəst mɑrk ɔn ðə bɪg skrin meɪ bi ɛz ˈgændɔlf ɪn ðə lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz fɪlm ˈtrɪləʤi dɪˈrɛktɪd baɪ ˈpitər ˈʤæksən, wɪʧ hi ɪn ðə ˈhɔbɪt ˈtrɪləʤi. ˈmɪni baɪˈɑgrəfi baɪ: treɪd mɑrk 2 rɪʧ ənd ˈflɔləs vɔɪs, kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ˌʃeɪkˈspɪriən ˈbɛrɪŋ. dɪˈstɪŋktɪvli kɑm staɪl əv ˈspikɪŋ. ˈtrɪviə 71 hi wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd naɪt ˈbæʧələr ɪn ðə 1991 kwinz nu jɪr lɪst fər hɪz ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ ˈdrɑmə. həz pleɪd ðə ˈvæmpaɪr ɪn ðə mˈjuzɪk ˈvɪdioʊ "hɑrt" baɪ pɛt ʃɑp bɔɪz ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd ðə roʊl əv ænˈtoʊnioʊ ɪn ðə ˈbrɔdˌweɪ pərˈdəkʃən əv "ˌæməˈdeɪəs". hæd ə ˌtæˈtu əv ðə ˈkɛrɪktər fər 9 əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈsɛvən ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈfɛloʊˌʃɪp ɪn ðə lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz: ðə ˈfɛloʊˌʃɪp əv ðə rɪŋ 2001 wɑz ˈɔfərd ðə pɑrt əv ˈmɪʃən kəˈmændər ɪn ˈmɪʃən: ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl 2000 hi wɑz nɑt ˈeɪbəl tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðə roʊl, du tɪ ə praɪər ˈθiətər ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt ɪn ˈləndən. ðə pɑrt ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli wɛnt tɪ ˈænθɔˌni ˈhɑpkɪnz hi wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ðə (kəˈmændər əv ðə ˈɔrdər əv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɛmpaɪər) ɪn ðə 1979 kwinz ˈbərθˌdeɪ lɪst fər hɪz ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ ˈdrɑmə. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ən ˈɪntərvˌju, wən əv ðə læst θɪŋz ˈmɑrgərɪt ˈθæʧər dɪd ɛz praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər wɑz ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪŋ ɪm fər ə ˈnaɪˌthʊd. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz bʊks, ənd ˈkɑmɪks, boʊθ ˈfiʧər ə ˈkɛrɪktər neɪmd sauron*, ənd ə bʊk ɛnˈtaɪtəld "ðə rɪˈtərn əv ðə kɪŋ". ðə ˈgræfɪk ˈnɑvəl "ðə rɪˈtərn əv ðə kɪŋ" ɪz, əˈproʊpriɪtli, əˈbaʊt ðə rɪˈtərn əv. hi wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ðə ˈlɔrəns ˌoʊˈlɪˌviˌeɪ ˈθiətər əˈwɔrd ɪn 1985 1984 ˈsizən) fər bɛst ˈæktər ɪn ə rɪˈvaɪvəl fər "waɪld ˈhəni". hi wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ðə ˈlɔrəns ˌoʊˈlɪˌviˌeɪ ˈθiətər əˈwɔrd ɪn 1991 1990 ˈsizən) fər bɛst ˈæktər ɪn "ˈrɪʧərd" æt ðə rɔɪəl ˈnæʃənəl ˈθiətər. ˌbiˈfɔr pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ðə roʊl əv ˈgændɔlf, hi ˈlɪsənd tɪ ə rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ əv j.r.r*. ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈgændɔlf laɪnz frəm ðə ˈnɑvəl. hi juzd ðɪs ɛz ə beɪs fər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈkɛrɪktər, ənd ˈɪməˌteɪtɪd ðə ˈækˌsɛnt juzd baɪ ɪn ðə rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ. bɪˈgæn ˈæktɪŋ ɛz ə minz əv ɪˈskeɪp frəm ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈæftər hɪz ˈməðərz dɛθ ənd ˈkɑnstənt ˈbʊliɪŋ æt skul frəm ˈfɛloʊ ˈstudənts. hi wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ðə 1989 ˈləndən ˈivnɪŋ ˈstændərd ˈθiətər əˈwɔrd fər bɛst ˈæktər fər hɪz pərˈfɔrməns ɪn "əˈθɛloʊ". hi wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ðə 1984 ˈləndən ˈivnɪŋ ˈstændərd ˈθiətər əˈwɔrd fər bɛst ˈæktər fər hɪz pərˈfɔrməns ɪn "coriolanus*". hi wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ðə 1989 ˈləndən ˈkrɪtɪks ˈsərkəl ˈθiətər əˈwɔrd (ˈdrɑmə ˈθiətər əˈwɔrd) fər bɛst ˈæktər fər hɪz pərˈfɔrməns ɪn "əˈθɛloʊ". ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd wɪθ ə ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ frəm ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ˈstədid æt st*. ˈkɑlɪʤ, ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ, wɪn hi wɑz 18 wɪθ sər ˈdɛrɪk jɑˈkoʊbi ənd wɪθ hum hi hæd bɪn "ˈdɛspərətli ɪn ləv", ɛz hi kənˈfɛst ɔn ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈæktərz ˈstudiˌoʊ 1994 ɪn ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪn "ðə ˈædvəˌkeɪt", ˈɪʃu ˈdeɪtɪd dɪˈsɛmbər 11 2001 hi ˈfərðər ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət wət hi hæd fɛlt fər jɑˈkoʊbi ɪn ðɛr juθ wɑz "ə ˈpæʃən ðət wɑz əndɪˈklɛrd ənd ˌənrikˈwaɪtɪd". ərˈɪʤənəli əˈspaɪrd tɪ bi ə ˈʤərnəlɪst. wɑz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə rɔɪəl ˈʃeɪkˌspir ˈkəmpəˌni (rsc*) ɪn æt ðə seɪm taɪm ɛz ˈpætrɪk stuərt wɔr ə prɑsˈθɛtɪk noʊz tɪ pleɪ ˈgændɔlf ɪn ðə lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz ˈtrɪləʤi. həz pleɪd kəlt ˈkɛrɪktərz ɪn tu əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz; hi pleɪd ˈgændɔlf ɪn ðə lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz ˈtrɪləʤi ənd ɪn ðə fɪlm ˈsɪriz. wən ˈbrɔdˌweɪz 1981 ˈtoʊni əˈwɔrd ɛz bɛst ˈæktər (pleɪ) fər ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtɪŋ ðə roʊl əv ænˈtoʊnioʊ ɪn "ˌæməˈdeɪəs". hi wɑz ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd ɪn ðə seɪm ˈkætəˌgɔri ɪn 1984 fər "ˈiən ˈæktɪŋ ˈʃeɪkˌspir". hi juzd ðə freɪz "oʊld frɛnd" ɪn boʊθ ðə fɪlm ˈsɪriz ənd ðə lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz ˈtrɪləʤi. ɪn boʊθ ˈkeɪsɪz (tɪ ˈkrɪstəfər li ɛz ɪn ðə lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz ənd ˈpætrɪk stuərt ɛz ˈzeɪvjər ɪn) ɪt ɪz sɛd tɪ ən ˈælaɪ hu həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈnɛməsɪs ənd "oʊld frɛnd" ɪz sɛd mockingly*. həz wərkt wɪθ tu faramirs*. praɪər tɪ əˈpɪrɪŋ ɪn ðə lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz fɪlmz wɪθ ˈdeɪvɪd hi əˈpɪrd ɪn ðə fɪlm ˈplɛnti 1985 wɪθ ˈændru pleɪd ɪn ðə ˌbibiˈsi ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˌædəpˈteɪʃən, ˈɑpəzɪt ˈiən hoʊm hi sɛd ðət əˈpil əv ðə fɪlmz tɪ ɪm wɑz ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv mˈjutənts biɪŋ ʃənd, ˈsəmθɪŋ hi sɪz hi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪz wɪθ ɛz hi wɑz rɪˈpitɪdli ʃənd ɛz ən ˈoʊpən ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl. laɪk hɪz ðə ˈdiˈeɪ ˈvɪnʧi koʊd 2006 ˈkɛrɪktər, sər li, hi həz bɪn ˈnaɪtɪd. ɛz səʧ, praɪər tɪ biɪŋ kæst, hi ˈspɑtɪd tu ˈɛrərz ɪn ðə bʊks pɔrˈtreɪəl əv ˈnaɪˌthʊd. naɪts ˈniðər rɪˈsiv ˈaɪˈdi ˈbæʤɪz nɔr ər ˈgrænɪd ˈɛni əv ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈprɪvɪˌlɪʤɪz dɪˈmændz ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈnaɪˌthʊd. ˈoʊnli pərˈfɔrmər tɪ rɪˈsiv ən ˈæktɪŋ əˈkædəmi əˈwɔrd ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən fər ˈpitər ˈʤæksən 'ɛs lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz ˈtrɪləʤi. ɪn ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əv ˈsənˌdi 2006 pɪŋk lɪst ə lɪst əv ðə moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl geɪ mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən hi keɪm noʊ. 1 əp frəm noʊ. 2 ˈnɑkɪŋ ˈɛltən ʤɑn frəm tɔp spɑt. hi wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ðə kəmˈpænjən əv ˈɑnər ɪn ðə 2008 kwinz nu jɪr lɪst fər hɪz ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ ˈdrɑmə ənd tɪ ɪkˈwɑləti. ræŋkt 45 ɪn ðə 2008 ˈtɛləˌgræfs lɪst "ðə 100 moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl ˈpipəl ɪn ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈkəlʧər". wɑz hɛd bɔɪ æt ˈboʊltən skul. mɑrʧt æt ˈləndənz geɪ praɪd pəreɪd ˌʤuˈlaɪ 5 2008 hæd nɑt rɛd ˈiðər "ðə ˈgoʊldən ˈkəmpəs" (ˈɑkə "ˈnɔrðərn laɪts") baɪ ˈfɪlɪp ˈpʊlmən ər ˈɛni əv ðə lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz bʊks baɪ j.r.r*. ˌbiˈfɔr hi wɑz kæst ɪn ðə ˈmuvi ˌædəpˈteɪʃənz. pleɪd ɪn θri kənˈsɛkjətɪv fɪlmz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈəðər ˈæktərz tɪ pleɪ ˈkɑmɪk bʊk ˈkrɪmənəlz ɪn θri fɪlmz, ɛz əv 2008 ər ʤeɪmz ˈfræŋkoʊ ɛz ˈhɛri ˈɔzˌbɔrn, ʤin ˈhækˌmæn ɛz lɛks ənd hɪz 2000 co-star*, rəˈbɛkə ɛz mɪˈstik. rɪˈsivd ən ˈɑnərˌɛri ˈdɑktərət frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈəlstər ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 3 2013 hæd ˈmæˌgi smɪθ pleɪ hɪz ˈməðər ɪn ˈrɪʧərd 1995 ənd ðɛn pleɪd hər ɔn ən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv "ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt lɪv". ɪn ðə ˌbibiˈsi ˈreɪdiˌoʊ pərˈdəkʃən əv "ˈgoʊldˌfɪŋgər", hi wərkt wɪθ hər ril sən, ˈtoʊbi ˈstɛfənz smɪθs ˈfɔrmər ˈhəzbənd, sər ˈrɑbərt ˈstɛfənz ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪd ɪn ðə ˌbibiˈsi ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈvərʒən əv "ðə lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz". həz ˈɪŋlɪʃ, ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪrɪʃ, ənd ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈænsɛstri. æt 74 jɪrz oʊld, hi ɪz ðə ˈoʊldəst ˈæktər tɪ bi kæst ɪn ðə roʊl əv ˈʃərˌlɑk hoʊmz. rɪˈvild ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2012 ðət hi həz bɪn ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ ˈprɑˌsteɪt ˈkænsər. "ðə bɛlz əv hɛl goʊ ting-a-ling-a-ling*" (wɪθ ˈgrɛgəri pɛk ɪn 1966 wʊd hæv bɪn hɪz ˈfiʧər fɪlm ˈdeɪbju bət fər ðə ˈhɑstəl snoʊi swɪs loʊˈkeɪʃən ˈwɛðər. ðə pərˈdəkʃən, ə wərld wɔr aɪ fɪlm wɪθ ə skrɪpt baɪ roʊld dɑl tɪ bi dɪˈrɛktɪd baɪ ˈdeɪvɪd ˈmɪlər wɑz əˈbændənd ˈæftər 5 wiks ˈfɪlmɪŋ. ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi wɑz 56 wɪn hi pleɪd ðə ˈtaɪtəl ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn ˈrɪʧərd 1995 kɪŋ ˈrɪʧərd wɑz ˈoʊnli 32 jɪrz oʊld wɪn hi daɪd ɔn ˈɔgəst 22 1485 ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi pleɪd ˈmæˌgi smɪθ 'ɛs sən ɪn ˈrɪʧərd 1995 hi ɪz lɛs ðən faɪv jɪrz hər ˈʤunjər ɪn ril laɪf. hi wɑz ˈɔfərd ðə roʊl əv kɪŋ ˈʧɑrəlz vi əv fræns ɪn ˈhɛnri vi 1989 bət hi tərnd ɪt daʊn. pɔl ˈskoʊˌfild wɑz ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli kæst. wɑz kənˈsɪdərd fər ðə roʊl əv ˈkleɪtən ɪn ˈtɑrˌzæn 1999 tərnd daʊn ðə roʊl əv ˈælbəs ˈdəmbəlˌdɔr ɪn ˈhɛri ˈpɑtər ənd ðə ˈprɪzənər əv 2004 hi wɑz kˈwoʊtɪd seɪɪŋ "aɪ hæd ɪˈnəf ˈtrəbəl ˈlɪvɪŋ əp tɪ wən ˈlɛʤənd. tu wʊd bi tu məʧ tɪ hoʊp fər." (rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ hɪz roʊl ɛz ˈgændɔlf ɪn "lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz"). wɑz kənˈsɪdərd fər ðə roʊl əv ʤəʤ klɔd ɪn ðə ˈhənʧˌbæk əv ˈnoʊtər deɪm 1996 hi wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd hi 1998 bæk steɪʤ ˈgɑrlənd əˈwɔrd fər ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ pərˈfɔrməns fər "ən ˈɛnəmi əv ðə ˈpipəl" ɪn ə rɔɪəl ˈnæʃənəl ˈθiətər pərˈdəkʃən æt ðə ˈɑmənsən ˈθiətər ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. wɑz ˈɔfərd ˈmɪljən baɪ ʃɔn ˈpɑrkər tɪ əˈfɪʃiˌeɪt æt hɪz ˈwɛdɪŋ ɪn 2013 ɪn ˈkɑstum ɛz ˈgændɔlf, bət dɪˈklaɪnd, seɪɪŋ "ˈgændɔlf ˈdəzənt du ˈwɛdɪŋz". hɪz grænd grænd ˈfɑðər ɔn hɪz ˈməðər saɪd, ˈrɑbərt loʊz hæd bɪn ən ˈæktɪv ˈmɛmbər əv ə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, ðət kæmˈpeɪnd tɪ gɪt "hæf əv ə deɪ" ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪz fər ˈwərkərz əv ˌɪnˈdəstriəl eɪʤ ɪn ˈmænˌʧɛstər ɪn 1890's*. ðɪs kæmˈpeɪn, ðət hæd gɑt səkˈsɛsfəl ənd ˌəndərˈlaɪ ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˈmɑdərn taɪmz. ˈstreɪnʤɪst kərɪr ɪnˈkaʊnərz ˈjuʒəwəli ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈævɪd fænz hu tɛl ɪm ðət ðeɪv sin ənd ləv ɔl ðə ˈhɛri ˈpɑtər fɪlmz. ˈməðər ˈmɑrʤəri daɪd wɪn hi wɑz 12 ənd hɪz ˈfɑðər ˈdɛnɪs daɪd wɪn ˈiən wɑz 24 bɪˈgæn ənd əˈbændənd wərk ɔn hɪz ˌɔtəbaɪˈɑgrəfi, rɪˈtərnɪŋ ə ˈmɪljən ˈdɔlər ədˈvæns frəm hɪz ˈpəblɪʃər, ˈæftər hi faʊnd ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns əv riˈsərʧɪŋ hɪz laɪf tu ˈpeɪnfəl. əv klæn məkˈwɪlən. ˈpərsɪnəl kwoʊts 41 [ɔn hɪz fərst ˈθiətər ɪkˈspɪriəns, "ˈpitər pæn"] aɪ ˈwəzənt over-impressed*. fər wən θɪŋ ɪt ˈwəzənt ə ril ˈkrɑkəˌdaɪl ənd aɪ kʊd si ðə waɪərz. aɪ θɪŋk ɪts wən θɪŋ tɪ dɪˈklɛr jʊr ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti, ɪf ju kɛr əˈbaʊt wət ðət ɪz. ɪts əˈnəðər θɪŋ tɪ stɑrt ˈtɔkɪŋ ɪn ˈpəblɪk əˈbaʊt wət ju du ɪn ˈpraɪvət ənd hu ju du ɪt wɪθ. ɪts nɑt ðət ðeɪ [maɪ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈəðərz] doʊnt wɔnt tɪ bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz geɪ, bət ðət ðeɪ doʊnt wɔnt tɪ bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz wɪθ mi. ˈmɛni ənˈθɪŋkɪŋ ˈpipəl ʤɪst doʊnt laɪk ðə aɪˈdiə əv geɪz ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ɪn ðɛr geɪmz, nɔr ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd, ɪt wʊd sim, ɪn ðə ˈmuviz. wɪn aɪ, ɛz ˈgændɔlf, mit ˈbɪlˌboʊ ər ˈfroʊˌdoʊ æt hoʊm, aɪ bəmp maɪ hɛd ɔn ðə ˈræftərz. j.r.r*. ˈdɪdənt θɪŋk tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ɪt. aɪ æm ɪnˈkərəʤd baɪ ðə θiˌætrəˈkæləˌti əv j.r.r*. 'ɛs] ˈridɪŋz fʊl əv ˈrɪðəm ənd ˈhjumər ənd ˌkɛrɪktərɪˈzeɪʃən. wɪˈθaʊt kˈwɛʃən ˈgændɔlf ɪz laɪk bət ðɛn soʊ, aɪ səˈspɛktɪd, ər ˈfroʊˌdoʊ ənd. aɪv hæd ɪˈnəf əv biɪŋ ə geɪ ˈaɪkɑn! aɪv hæd ɪˈnəf əv ɔl ðɪs hɑrd wərk, bɪˈkəz, sɪns aɪ keɪm aʊt, aɪ kip ˈgɪtɪŋ ɔl ðiz pɑrts, ənd maɪ ˈteɪkən ɔf. aɪ wɔnt ə kwaɪət laɪf. əm goʊɪŋ bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈklɑzət. bət aɪ kænt gɪt bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈklɑzət, bɪˈkəz ɪts ˌæbsəˈlutli fʊl əv ˈəðər ˈæktərz. aɪ θɪŋk əv ðə ˈbaɪbəl ɛz greɪt ˈlɪtərəʧər ˈrəðər ðən greɪt ˈhɪstəri; greɪt ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən ˈrəðər ðən rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈwɪtnəs. ˌwəˈtɛvər, ɪt ɪz nɑt ɛz ə lɔ bʊk ðət aɪ rɪˈspɛkt ðə ˈbaɪbəl. ˈæktɪŋ ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər əˈbaʊt laɪɪŋ. ɪts naʊ əˈbaʊt rɪˈvilɪŋ ðə truθ. ˈpipəl ər æt iz wɪθ mi naʊ. ˈɑnəsti ɪz ðə bɛst ˈpɑləsi. "ðə lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz" ɪz ə məˈθɑləˌʤi, ɪt ɪz ə ˈfɛri teɪl, ɪts ən ədˈvɛnʧər ˈstɔri. ɪt ˈnɛvər ˈhæpənd. ɪkˈsɛpt ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn ɑr hɑrts. ɪt ˈwəzənt ɪgˈzæktli ə mɪˈsteɪk, bət ɪf ðɛrz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ aɪ rɪˈgrɛt, ɪts ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈhævɪŋ dɪsˈgaɪzd maɪ oʊn ˈneɪtɪv ˈækˌsɛnt. ˈæktərz əv maɪ ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ɔl ˈtɛndɪd tɪ spik [rɪˈsivd prəˌnənsiˈeɪʃən]. əv kɔrs, ɪts ɔl ˈdɪfərənt naʊ ənd ˈdrɑmə ˈstudənts ər ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ kip ðɛr ˈriʤənəl ˈæksɛnts ənd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ du wɪn rikˈwaɪərd. ˈivɪn æt ðə ˌbibiˈsi ðiz deɪz ðɛrz noʊ ˈækˌsɛnt, ənd aɪ ˈrəðər θɪŋk ðæts ə gʊd θɪŋ. əˈbaʊt ðə ˈʧɪrɪŋ fænz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə hoʊˈtɛl, wɛr hi wɑz steɪɪŋ ɪn ˈwɛlɪŋtən, nu ˈzilənd:] ɪts laɪk ˈsɛvərəl ˈkrɪsməsɪz ɔl kəm æt wəns. ðeɪ ɔl ləv ˈgændɔlf, bət əm laɪk ˈfɑðər ˈkrɪsməs ɪn ðə ʃɑp. əm nɑt ðə ril wən. ɔn ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪt ˈkreɪzi tɪ riˈlis ðə ˈtrɪləʤi 12 mənθs əˈpɑrt] aɪ θɔt ˈpipəl ˈwʊdənt rɪˈmɛmbər wət ˈhæpənd ə jɪr əˈgoʊ. bət aɪ ˈhædənt ˈfæktərd ðət ðeɪ wʊd bi soʊ səkˈsɛsfəl æt ðə bɑks ˈɔfəs, ənd ðət soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl wʊd baɪ ðə ˌdiˌviˈdi ənd ˈvɪdioʊz ɪn bɪtˈwin ðə riˈlis əv iʧ fɪlm. aɪ hæd θɔt ðə hoʊl ˈɛnərˌpraɪz wɑz dumd, bɪˈkəz əv ðə riˈlis ˈpætərn. əm ˈvɛri ˈhæpi tɪ hæv bɪn pruvd rɔŋ. ðɛl lɛt mi pleɪ ə ˈwɪzərd, bət ðeɪ stɪl ˈwʊdənt kæst ə jəŋ geɪ ˈæktər hu wɑz aʊt ɪn ə streɪt roʊˈmæntɪk lɛd. ðeɪ ˈdɪdənt kɔl ɪt ˈmɛrɪʤ, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ju kən kɔl ɪt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ju wɔnt. ðə wən θɪŋ ju ˈkænɑt ˈmɛnʃən ɪz gɑd, ðət ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli vərˈboʊtən. aɪ səˈpoʊz əm ə bɪt mean-spirited*, bət aɪ ˈrɪli kænt si waɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈkʊdənt ʤɪst seɪ geɪ ˈpipəl kən gɪt ˈmɛrid ðət wʊd hæv bɪn tru ɪkˈwɑləti ənd soʊ məʧ ˈsɪmpələr. bət ðət ˈhæzənt bɪn dən bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˈkʊdənt feɪs ðə furore*. soʊ ðeɪv pæst ə lɔ ðət ɪz nɑt əˈveɪləbəl tɪ streɪt ˈpipəl streɪt ˈpipəl ˈkænɑt hæv ə ˈsɪvəl ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp, ðeɪ hæv tɪ gɪt ˈmɛrid ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri. ɪf ðə ˈdiˈeɪ ˈvɪnʧi koʊd 2006 hæd bɪn ˈfɪlmɪŋ ɪn ə pleɪs wɛr ɪt reɪnz ə lɔt, aɪ ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈwʊdənt hæv dən ɪt. kwaɪt loʊ daʊn ɪn ðə lɪst ɪz "haʊ məʧ æm aɪ goʊɪŋ tɪ bi peɪd?" aɪd seɪ aɪ wɑz kwaɪt ʧip, bət maɪ meɪn ˈfilɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈməni ɪz ðət aɪ doʊnt wɔnt tɪ fil ɛz ðoʊ əm biɪŋ ˈteɪkən ædˈvæntɪʤ əv. ˈsərtənli, əm ˈʧipər ðən ˈænθɔˌni ˈhɑpkɪnz ðə ˈəðər ˈæktərz ðeɪ æst tɪ pleɪ ˈgændɔlf ˈwʊdənt goʊ tɪ nu ˈzilənd ɔn ðət ˈməni fər ðət lɛŋθ əv taɪm. aɪ θɔt ɪt wʊd bi ə bɪt əv ən ədˈvɛnʧər. ˈtoʊni ˈhɑpkɪnz ˈdɪdənt θɪŋk ɪt wʊd bi ən ədˈvɛnʧər. ˈtoʊni ɪz pɑrt əv ˈhɑliˌwʊd. əm ən ˌɛkˈsɛntrɪk ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈæktər, ənd ðɛrz ə lɔt əv ˈjuˈɛs əraʊnd. ɪf aɪ wɑz ə stɑr, ɪt wʊd bi ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ goʊ ɔf ənd du ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən strit 1960 soʊ aɪ gɛs əm nɑt ə stɑr. ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi həz ˈɛvər lʊkt tɪ ˈhɑliˌwʊd fər ˈsoʊʃəl ədˈvæns. ˈhɑliˌwʊd ɪz ə drim ˈfæktəri. aɪ ləv ðə weɪ ðət kənˈsərvətɪvz θɪŋk ðət ˈhɑliˌwʊd ɪz ə bɛd əv ˈrædɪkəˌlɪzəm ɪt ˈkʊdənt bi mɔr steɪd ənd ɪf ɪt traɪd. ðə ˈɔdiəns doʊnt gɪv ə blaɪnd ˌwəˈtɛvər əˈbaʊt ðə ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti əv ˈæktərz. geɪ ˈpipəl ˈfænsi streɪt ˈpipəl ənd vice-versa*. ɪts ɔl ɪn ðə hɛd, soʊ wət dɪz ɪt ˈmætər? jʊr nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ mit 'hiθ ˈlɛʤər'. jʊr nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ faɪnd aʊt ɪts ðə ˈɪmɪʤ jʊr ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ənd ˈfɑlɪŋ ɪn ləv wɪθ. ðɛr wɪl bi gərlz hu goʊ ənd si ðoʊz tu ənˈhæpi geɪ ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz ənd goʊ hoʊm ənd hæv ˈfænəsi drimz əˈbaʊt ðɛm. ˈləvli! ɪt meɪ bi maɪ ˈrəðər ˌpjʊrəˈtænɪkəl ˈəpˌbrɪŋɪŋ æt ɑdz wɪθ maɪ ˈɪnˌbɔrn ˈleɪzinəs ðət meɪks mi fil ˈgɪlti æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ, ənˈlɛs aɪ æm ˈeɪbəl tɪ pɔɪnt æt səm əˈʧivmənt. bət ðɪs nid bi noʊ mɔr ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ðən ˈkʊkɪŋ ə mil ər goʊɪŋ fər ə lɔŋ wɔk. aɪ doʊnt meɪk məʧ dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪtˈwin biɪŋ ə ˈstænˌdəp ˈkɑmɪk ənd ˈæktɪŋ ˈʃeɪkˌspir ɪn fækt, ənˈlɛs jʊr ə gʊd kəˈmidiən, jʊr ˈnɛvər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ pleɪ ˈhæmlɪt ˈprɑpərli. aɪv ˈɔfən θɔt ðə ˈbaɪbəl ʃʊd hæv ə dɪˈskleɪmər æt ðə frənt seɪɪŋ, "ðɪs ɪz ˈfɪkʃən." aɪ min, ˈwɔkɪŋ ɔn ˈwɔtər? aɪ min, ɪt teɪks ən ækt əv feɪθ. ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈæktər hu wɔnts ə fɪlm kərɪr tɪ bi ˈoʊpən əˈbaʊt hɪz ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti. ənd ˈivɪn mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ə ˈwʊmən ɪf ʃiz ˈlɛzbiən. ɪts ˈvɛri dɪˈstrɛsɪŋ tɪ mi ðət ðət ʃʊd bi ðə keɪs. ðə fɪlm ˈɪndəstri ɪz ˈvɛri oʊld ˈfæʃənd ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. maɪ ˈkɑnfədɛns ˈoʊnli ˈrɪli pikt wɪn aɪ wɑz 49 ənd sɛd, "jɛs, əm geɪ." ɪn ˈθiətər, aɪ hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ teɪk pɑrts aɪ ˈdɪdənt θɪŋk aɪ kʊd du ju hæv taɪm tɪ riˈhərs ənd lərn. ɪn ˈmuviz, ðeɪ wɔnt ju tɪ du wət ðeɪ noʊ ju kən du ðɛr ˈɪzənt ðə taɪm. aɪ lʊkt daʊn frəm maɪ ˈtɛrəs ˈhæŋɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə tɛmz wən ˈmɔrnɪŋ. ɪt wɑz loʊ taɪd ənd ðɛr, ˈstrændɪd ɔn ðə ˈpɛbəlz, wɑz ə kɔrps ˈhɛrləs, waɪt ənd ˈbloʊtɪd. wɑz ɪt ə kæf ər ə ʃip ər ə goʊt ər ə dɔg? aɪ stɛrd æt ɪt ənˈtɪl ðə taɪd roʊz ənd wɑʃt ɪt əˈweɪ. fər 24 aʊərz aɪ wɑz ɔf maɪ fud. wɪn aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈitɪŋ əˈgɛn, aɪ ˈkʊdənt feɪs mit frɛʃ ər tinned*. ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt aɪ wɑz ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən ənd aɪ hæv bɪn fər 15 jɪrz ər mɔr. aɪv sin ðə ˈpɪkʧərz əv ˈfæktəri ˈfɑrmɪŋ ənd ˈfɑloʊd ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks əv mæd kaʊ dɪˈziz ənd fɛlt ˈɛfərtləsli suˈpɪriər. jɛt ɪts nɑt ˈrizən ər ˈkɑnʃəns ðət kips mi ɔf mit ənd ðiz deɪz fɪʃ, ə ˈmɛməri əv ðət unidentifiable*, ˌdikəmˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈbɑdi ɔn ðə biʧ. əˈbaʊt ðə 2008 dɛθ əv bræd ˈrɛnfroʊ "aɪ fərst kɔt saɪt əv bræd ˈrɛnfroʊ wɪn hi wɑz ˈkɪkɪŋ ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl əraʊnd wɪθ braɪən ˈsɪŋər ɔn ðə sɛt əv æpt ˈpjupəl 1998 ɪn ˈhɑliˌwʊd. hi wɑz ə kɪd ˈhævɪŋ fən ənd ðæts haʊ aɪ ʃæl ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈmɛmbər ɪm. bət hi wɑz mɔr ðən ðət. hi wɑz ə ˈprɑpər ˈæktər ənd wɪn wi wərkt təˈgɛðər hi wɑz dɪˈtərmənd tɪ bi ækˈsɛptɪd ɛz səʧ. ɔn sɛt, hi wɑz ˈkɑnfədənt ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt wɑz ˈɑbviəs hi wʊd hæv ˈbɛnəˌfɪtɪd frəm ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɛz ən ˈæktər. jɛt, ɛz tɑd, ðə dɪˈstərbd ˈtiˌneɪʤər ɪn æpt ˈpjupəl, hi tæpt ˈɪntu ən ˈɪnər dɪˈmɑnɪk wərld ənd ˈkɛrid ðə fɪlm ɔn hɪz jəŋ ˈʃoʊldərz. hi lɔŋd tɪ bɪˈlɔŋ ɪn ðə ˈeɪliən wərld wɪʧ pərˈhæps ɪn ðə ɛnd ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmd ɪm. hi wɑz ˈoʊnli 25 ənd ɪt ɪz ˈdrɛdfəl wi si ɔl ðət hi maɪt hæv əˈʧivd." aɪ ˈdɪdənt laɪk maɪ ˈkɛrɪktər. hi ˈdɪdənt sim ˈvɛri dip. hi ʤɪst simd ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv əv ˈivəl. ɔn æpt ˈpjupəl 1998 wɪn aɪ ækt, səm ˈpipəl ˈfænsi mi ənd səm əv ðɛm ər ˈwɪmən. ðɛr wi ər! wəts ðə ˈprɑbləm? ðeɪ doʊnt bɪˈliv mi wɪn aɪ seɪ aɪ æm ɪn ləv wɪθ ə doʊnt bɪˈliv mi wɪn aɪ seɪ aɪ æm ə ˈwɪzərd? ðeɪ bɪˈliv mi ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðeɪ noʊ aɪ æm nɑt. ɪts ɔl ˈnɑnsɛns. ˈɛvriˌwən noʊz wi ər ˈæktɪŋ. [ɪn ə ˈrɔɪtərz ˈɪntərvˌju, rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ðoʊz hu seɪ ðət geɪ ˈæktərz ˈʃʊdənt kəm aʊt bɪˈkəz ðɛn noʊ wən wɪl faɪnd ðɛm bəˈlivəbəl ɪn roʊˈmæntɪk sinz wɪθ ˈæktərz əv ðə ˈɑpəzɪt ˈʤɛndər.] doʊnt gɪv əp ðə ˈprɑʤɛkts ju ˈrɪli wɔnt fər səm ˈɛkstrə taɪm wɪθ jʊr ˈgərlˌfrɛnd ər bɪˈkəz ju doʊnt wɔnt tɪ mɪs ə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ wɪθ jʊr ˈfæməli. ðɛl ˌəndərˈstænd. ʤɪst doʊnt hæv ˈɛni rɪˈgrɛts. aɪ ˈɔfən gɪt mɪˈsteɪkən fər 'ˈdəmbəlˌdɔr'. wən ˈwɪzərd ɪz ˈvɛri məʧ laɪk əˈnəðər. [ɔn 'ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt' ɛz biɪŋ geɪ] aɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli fɛlt ˈbɛtər ɪn ˈɛvəri weɪ. aɪ fɛlt rɪˈlivd ðət aɪ ˈwəzənt laɪɪŋ. ju noʊ, wɪn aɪ wɑz groʊɪŋ əp ɪn ˈɪŋglənd, ðɛr wər noʊ geɪ kləbz aɪ nu əˈbaʊt. ðɛr wər noʊ bɑrz. ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkˌʃuəlz wər ʃeɪmd ˈpəblɪkli ənd ˌɪmˈprɪzənd. ju wər ɔn jʊr oʊn, ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈoʊvər jʊr ˈʃoʊldər ɔl ðə taɪm, ˈhoʊpɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈhændˌʃeɪk əv ə ˈstreɪnʤər ðət hi maɪt bi ˈsəmˌbɑdi geɪ. ðə fərst fɪlm roʊl aɪ dɪˈlɪbərətli ʧoʊz tɪ pleɪ ˈæftər aɪ keɪm aʊt wɑz ə ˈreɪʤɪŋ ˌhɛtəroʊˈsɛkˌʃuəl, ʤɑn profumo*. aɪ wɑz ʤɪst ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər aɪ kʊd ˈkɛri aʊt ðə bɛd sinz. əm ə snɑb əˈbaʊt ˈstændərdz. bət aɪ doʊnt faɪnd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɑd æt ɔl ɪn biɪŋ noʊn fər pleɪɪŋ ˈgændɔlf. aɪ ˈkʊdənt bi ˈhæpiər əˈbaʊt ɪt. ˈəðər ˈpipəl tɛnd tɪ gɪt sˈnɑbɪʃ ɔn maɪ bɪˈhæf. 'ɪt məst bi ˈdrɛdfəl tɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz bi θɔt əv ɛz ˈgændɔlf', ðeɪ seɪ. wɛl aɪ kænt ˈɔlˌweɪz bi θɔt əv ɛz ˈrɪʧərd. ˈpitər [ˈʤæksən] ənd aɪ wər ʤɪst soʊ θrɪld ðət ˈgændɔlf ðə waɪt ˈwəzənt ɪn 'ðə ˈhɔbɪt'. wi prɪˈfər ˈgændɔlf ðə greɪ. hi kən hæv ə smoʊk ənd ə drɪŋk ənd ə ʧæt ənd du ə fju ˈlɪtəl trɪks. ɪt wɑz ə greɪt rɪˈlif. aɪ doʊnt əˈpruv əv ˈtaɪtəlz. aɪ θɪŋk ðeɪ gɪt ɪn ðə weɪ. aɪ du ˌhaʊˈɛvər əˈpruv əv ˈmɛdəlz fər ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvɪs, ənd ðæts haʊ aɪ ʧuz tɪ lʊk æt ɪt.. [bət] ˈəðər ˈæktərz sɛd tɪ mi, 'pliz wi nid ə ˈnaɪˌthʊd. bɪˈkəz wɪn ə naɪt nɑks ɔn ðə dɔr əv ə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɔfəs, ɪt həz tɪ ˈoʊpən'. aɪ laɪk ˈfænəsi ˈmuviz, aɪ laɪk mˈjuzɪkəlz, aɪ laɪk vərˈaɪəti ʃoʊz, aɪ laɪk ˈtoʊni ˈbɛnɪt ɪts ɔl ðə seɪm tɪ mi. ðə fækt ðət səm θɪŋz ər mɔr ˈpɑpjələr ðən ˈəðərz ˈdəzənt meɪk ðɛm ˈbɛtər, ənd ɪt ˈsərtənli ˈdəzənt meɪk ðɛm wərs. aɪ gɪt ˈɔfərd ə lɔt əv pɑrts ðət ˌrikˈwaɪər lɔŋ bɪrdz. aɪv tərnd daʊn gɑd ɔn ə ˈnəmbər əv ɔˈkeɪʒənz. [æt ə riˈunjən, tɪ əbˈzərvər ˈmaɪkəl ˈfæsˌbɛndər aɪ ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ seɪ haʊ ˈləvli ɪt ɪz tɪ bi bæk ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. aɪ fil seɪf hir naʊ ðət juv gɑt rɪd əv ˌprɑpəˈzɪʃən 8 əm ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə ˈhəzbənd. ɪts greɪt tɪ mit ju ˈmaɪkəl. aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk əm tɔp ʧɔɪs. ɪn ˈθiətər fər ˈʃeɪkˌspir əm kwaɪt nɪr ðə tɔp, bət nɑt fər ɔl dɪˈrɛktərz. ɪn fɪlm, əm weɪ, weɪ daʊn. ˈspilbərgz ˈnɛvər æst tɪ wərk wɪθ mi, tɑrɑnˈtinoʊ həz ˈnɛvər æst, sæm ˈmeɪndɛs həz ˈnɛvər æst. ɪt ˈɪzənt ɛz ɪf ðɛrz ə lɔŋ lɪst əv fɪlmz aɪv tərnd daʊn bət ðɛr ər ˈplɛnti aɪ wɪʃ aɪd hæd ə goʊ æt. ðæts ðə truθ. aɪv ˈɔlˌweɪz ləvd ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛriz ənd ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpidiəz. naʊ ju gɪt ɔl ðət ɔn jʊr kəmˈpjutər. ɪts fænˈtæstɪk. jʊr ˈlʊkɪŋ əp ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈdɪkənz ənd jʊr ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr mɔr ənd mɔr. aɪ doʊnt noʊ ɪf ðæts ˈweɪstɪŋ taɪm ər nɑt bət ɪt ˈdəzənt hɛlp mi tɪ lərn laɪnz. [ɔn ðə ˈɔskərz] maɪ spiʧ həz bɪn ɪn tu ˈʤækɪts 'əm praʊd tɪ bi ðə fərst ˈoʊpənli geɪ mæn tɪ wɪn ðə ˈɔskər.' aɪv hæd tɪ pʊt ɪt bæk ɪn maɪ ˈpɑkət twaɪs. 2016 [ɔn ðə əˈkædəmi əˈwɔrdz] ɪf ju ər traɪɪŋ tɪ hæv ə kərɪr, ɛz ə blæk ər hɪˈspænɪk ˈæktər ɪn ə steɪt ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə wɛr waɪt ˈpipəl ər naʊ ðə məˈnɔrəti, ənd ju ər biɪŋ ʤəʤd baɪ ən əˈkædəmi wɛr ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti ər waɪt, meɪl, ˈmɪdəˌleɪgd ənd oʊld wɛl, pərˈhæps ðət ɪz ðə rɔŋ ˈjɑrdˌstɪk. 2016 ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmaɪkəl mæn hæd dɪˈvaɪzd maɪˈæmi vaɪs 1984 hi dɪˈrɛktɪd ðə kip 1983 ənd prəˈdust ɪt ənd roʊt ɪt. hi kæst mi ɛz ðə ˈfɑðər, ə roʊˈmeɪniən ˌækəˈdɛmɪk hu gɪts kɔt əp wɪθ ˈnɑtsiz ənd ə ˈmɑnstər træpt dip ɪn ðə kip. ever-diligent*, aɪ hæd ˈspɛʃəli meɪd maɪ fərst trɪp tɪ ˈbukəˌrɛst ənd ðɛn hæd ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈlɛsənz frəm ə ˈdaɪəˌlɛkt koʊʧ ɪn ˈləndən. soʊ baɪ ðə fərst deɪ əv ˈfɪlmɪŋ aɪ wɑz ˈrɛdi tɪ saʊnd ənd fil ˌɔˈθɛnɪkli roʊˈmeɪniən. ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr maɪ fərst teɪk ɛz ˈdɑktər. cuza*, ˈmaɪkəl sɛd: "drɔp ðə ˈækˌsɛnt meɪk ɪm mɔr ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ." wɛl, ɪf ðə meɪks ə rɪkˈwɛst, ju ʤəmp tɪ ɪt. [ʤun 2000 ˈsæləri 2

live coverage following tuesday's earthquake in haiti, in which tens of thousands are feared to have died and three million displaced. bodies are piled up on the streets of the capital. rescue workers are in a race against time to find survivors. 0000 the bbc is discontinuing this live update page for the night. for the latest developments, please go to our main news page. the bbc is discontinuing this live update page for the night. for the latest developments, please go to our main news page. 2346 survivor jackson tells the bbc he has just found his wife under the rubble: "we just got married. i just married my wife, and now i don't know what to do. she spent three days under the rubble of the building, and today i found her." "we just got married. i just married my wife, and now i don't know what to do. she spent three days under the rubble of the building, and today i found her." 2342 time magazine reporter saul schwarz says he has seen at least two downtown roadblocks made out of bodies of earthquake victims and rocks - reuters. "it's getting ugly out there, people are fed up with getting no help," he tells the news agency. time magazine reporter saul schwarz says he has seen at least two downtown roadblocks made out of bodies of earthquake victims and rocks - reuters. "it's getting ugly out there, people are fed up with getting no help," he tells the news agency. 2325 louis ballinger of oxfam tells the bbc: "people are pretty calm, i have to say. there were no scenes of chaos or aggressivity or anything else. people are pretty shocked still. a lot of families and friends and neighbours have gathered together in parks in port-au-prince, so you can see the ones that are homeless now are sticking together and trying to help each other out, waiting for aid to come along." "people are pretty calm, i have to say. there were no scenes of chaos or aggressivity or anything else. people are pretty shocked still. a lot of families and friends and neighbours have gathered together in parks in port-au-prince, so you can see the ones that are homeless now are sticking together and trying to help each other out, waiting for aid to come along." 2319 us mobile phone users send more than $5m to the red cross for disaster relief, by texting "haiti" to the number 90999. us mobile phone users send more than $5m to the red cross for disaster relief, by texting "haiti" to the number 90999. 2308 the bbc's matthew price in port-au-prince says: "there are more aid flights getting in, large numbers of international personnel are here - they are getting ready before setting out... but it feels as if it could take a very long time for anything to happen." "there are more aid flights getting in, large numbers of international personnel are here - they are getting ready before setting out... but it feels as if it could take a very long time for anything to happen." 2246 presidents obama and agree to work together to prepare a conference on reconstruction and development in haiti, "with brazil, canada and other countries directly concerned" -. presidents obama and agree to work together to prepare a conference on reconstruction and development in haiti, "with brazil, canada and other countries directly concerned" -. 2240 tweets: "from walking around most of the day i estimate that one-third to half of the houses are or will be demolished." 2235 us national security council spokesman mike hammer tells the bbc: "it's all hands on deck here on this effort to try to make sure not only that the united states is doing all it can but the president himself is working the phones, talking to world leaders, trying to again coordinate international assistance. this is not only a us effort - we have to work with the united nations, ngos and the world community to help haiti in this desperate time of need." "it's all hands on deck here on this effort to try to make sure not only that the united states is doing all it can but the president himself is working the phones, talking to world leaders, trying to again coordinate international assistance. this is not only a us effort - we have to work with the united nations, ngos and the world community to help haiti in this desperate time of need." 2211 the bbc's barbara plett at the united nations says: "the un says 36 of its personnel were killed in the haiti earthquake, and 188 staff members are still unaccounted for. un officials acknowledged that in coming days careful rescue efforts will switch to recovering bodies, and dozens more un staff could be confirmed dead. it's a huge blow for the organisation, which is scrambling to coordinate a massive relief effort for haiti." "the un says 36 of its personnel were killed in the haiti earthquake, and 188 staff members are still unaccounted for. un officials acknowledged that in coming days careful rescue efforts will switch to recovering bodies, and dozens more un staff could be confirmed dead. it's a huge blow for the organisation, which is scrambling to coordinate a massive relief effort for haiti." 2205 aid organisation care tweets: "the santo domingo [dominican republic] airport is full of aid workers, rescue teams. it is turning into the humanitarian hub." 2144 veteran nbc news anchor brian williams tells veteran nbc news anchor brian williams tells the huffington post the situation is comparable to the 2004 asian tsunami: "it's very reminiscent of what we saw in banda aceh. there were dead in our time there. there's no way to express it, no way to explain it, it just becomes other-worldly." 2125 haitian president rene preval says victims have already been buried in a common grave - reuters. haitian president rene preval says victims have already been buried in a common grave - reuters. 2055 harry brown in macau e-mails: "just getting word - via my sister in montreal - that 11 family members in aged between 18 months and 60 years have survived. to what extent, we don't know yet. the relief is mixed with guilt. i am relieved to have received positive news yet there are thousands upon thousands of families hit by this tragedy." "just getting word - via my sister in montreal - that 11 family members in aged between 18 months and 60 years have survived. to what extent, we don't know yet. the relief is mixed with guilt. i am relieved to have received positive news yet there are thousands upon thousands of families hit by this tragedy." 2033 the bbc's laura trevelyan in new york says: "so many tears are being shed in brooklyn's haitian community - information is scarce, communications with haiti are virtually non existent, and the longer that goes by without contact from loved ones, the harder it is. at the faire music shop, a focal point for haitians in brooklyn, people are gathering, donating money and supplies for haiti." "so many tears are being shed in brooklyn's haitian community - information is scarce, communications with haiti are virtually non existent, and the longer that goes by without contact from loved ones, the harder it is. at the faire music shop, a focal point for haitians in brooklyn, people are gathering, donating money and supplies for haiti." 2024 the bbc's andy gallacher in port-au-prince says: "people are starting to get frustrated, and there is a sense that the mood could change. bodies are starting to pile up ... and there is a stench filling the air... the help really isn't here yet." andy gallacher describes his first daylight view of the damage in port-au-prince. "people are starting to get frustrated, and there is a sense that the mood could change. bodies are starting to pile up ... and there is a stench filling the air... the help really isn't here yet." 2001, in port-au-prince, tweets: "help is needed! people still alive under college canapé vert are screaming for help to get them out of the rubble." 1943 us military officials say aid flights to haiti have resumed after being suspended because of overcrowding at port-au-prince airport - associated press. us military officials say aid flights to haiti have resumed after being suspended because of overcrowding at port-au-prince airport - associated press. 1927 the bbc's matthew price in port-au-prince says: "the injured lie among those who have already died, in the ditches running along the roadside you may pass a body or indeed several bodies. in the heat, the smell in places is becoming too strong to stomach. haiti's needs are massive, as ever in an earthquake - food, water and medicine. it also needs bulldozers and heavy lifting equipment, but perhaps more than anything it needs someone to take charge here." "the injured lie among those who have already died, in the ditches running along the roadside you may pass a body or indeed several bodies. in the heat, the smell in places is becoming too strong to stomach. haiti's needs are massive, as ever in an earthquake - food, water and medicine. it also needs bulldozers and heavy lifting equipment, but perhaps more than anything it needs someone to take charge here." 1859 a spokesman for the a spokesman for the foreign and commonwealth office says: "we are beginning to repatriate the first british nationals. they have also located and checked on over 30 other brits, who have confirmed they are safe and well, and are coordinating with us, canadian and partners to facilitate the evacuation of any british nationals who wish to leave haiti. we have no reports at present of british casualties." 1850 the the red cross says it believes people died in the earthquake and another three million have been injured or left homeless. 1826 foreign secretary david writes foreign secretary david writes in his blog : "we have all seen the horrific pictures from haiti. i will speak to ban later about the terrible loss for the un... the whole international community wants to do everything it can. the situation is just awful." 1800 "sometimes, though, you have to wonder if the planet itself is not conspiring against this humble little nation," writes leonard pitts "sometimes, though, you have to wonder if the planet itself is not conspiring against this humble little nation," writes leonard pitts in the miami herald. 1751 medecins sans frontieres says it has not been able to get in touch with all its haitian staff or with patients who were in buildings when the quake hit. 1745 kathy johnson in the, who has relatives in haiti, told the bbc: "we are desperately worried because my uncle and six of his children are missing in port-au-prince. the area is devastated, the church and graveyard near his house destroyed. and i am stuck here thousands of miles away. i feel so frustrated, all i want to do is to jump on a plane and go and help." "we are desperately worried because my uncle and six of his children are missing in port-au-prince. the area is devastated, the church and graveyard near his house destroyed. and i am stuck here thousands of miles away. i feel so frustrated, all i want to do is to jump on a plane and go and help." 1721 the bbc's andy gallacher at a cemetery in port-au-prince says: "it's a mass grave, there are maybe ... or more bodies which are just lying there, i'm not sure exactly how these bodies are going to be disposed of but at the moment they are just in a pile, at the edge of this cemetery." "it's a mass grave, there are maybe ... or more bodies which are just lying there, i'm not sure exactly how these bodies are going to be disposed of but at the moment they are just in a pile, at the edge of this cemetery." 1710 joel achenbach in joel achenbach in the washington post says rebuilding with reinforced concrete would literally create a more stable country. "obviously the us will send aid and relief workers, but we should do more than that: for a small fraction of what the united states is spending to bail out banks and auto firms we could help haiti rebuild with reinforced concrete.... this is the century - and yet people around the world are living and working in buildings that are certain to crumble when the earth moves." 1704 a us rescue team spent five hours freeing one man from rubble in port-au-prince. one of the rescuers, sam gray said there was "an incredible amount of devastation and an incredible amount of people who will probably lose their lives" in the country. "honestly the hardest part is knowing how many people aren't going to be saved," he said. a us rescue team spent five hours freeing one man from rubble in port-au-prince. one of the rescuers, sam gray said there was "an incredible amount of devastation and an incredible amount of people who will probably lose their lives" in the country. "honestly the hardest part is knowing how many people aren't going to be saved," he said. 1658 firesideint, in port-au-prince, tweets: "things are usually not as bad as the news says. sincerely, this is worse dead bodies everywhere. city starting to smell like rotting flesh. men are starting to collect bodies off of the streets. saw a truck piled high. recovery efforts are underway but small. a person here or there. no heroics. just desperation. many people praying as they walk." ramhaiti in port-au-prince tweets: "i'm hearing planes helicopters. yesterday there were none to speak of. it changes the atmosphere. i hope there is help on the ground." 1654 cameron sinclair of architecture of humanity, writing cameron sinclair of architecture of humanity, writing in a blog on the huffington post, urged those involved in the relief effort to plan very carefully. "in a developing country like haiti the biggest danger is the effects of bad planning and construction. waterborne diseases spread like wildfire in temporary camps and dumping materials not only is dangerous but undermines an existing yet fragile construction industry." 1651 the bbc's paul adams in washington says: "for the second time in two days, president obama went before the cameras to outline what his administration is doing. he was flanked by half a dozen senior members of his administration and it's been reported that former presidents bill clinton and george w bush have agreed to lend their support - a clear sign the president wants this to be a national effort which transcends all partisan politics." "for the second time in two days, president obama went before the cameras to outline what his administration is doing. he was flanked by half a dozen senior members of his administration and it's been reported that former presidents bill clinton and george w bush have agreed to lend their support - a clear sign the president wants this to be a national effort which transcends all partisan politics." obama: "nothing less than devastating" 1640 jean claude of action aid in haiti tells the bbc: "conditions are catastrophic - absolutely catastrophic. i have seen some of the most horrible things i have seen in my life. i am putting out a plea to the government, to any of the authorities with haiti, to help clean up the bodies on the streets because the health and the sanitation of this situation for the city are potentially of epic proportions." "conditions are catastrophic - absolutely catastrophic. i have seen some of the most horrible things i have seen in my life. i am putting out a plea to the government, to any of the authorities with haiti, to help clean up the bodies on the streets because the health and the sanitation of this situation for the city are potentially of epic proportions." 1633 un secretary general ban says "overall security and public order is being maintained" in haiti. the un peacekeepers in the country are assisting with aid distribution. un secretary general ban says "overall security and public order is being maintained" in haiti. the un peacekeepers in the country are assisting with aid distribution. ban: "dozens of un staff still missing" 1625 us broadcaster cbs news has us broadcaster cbs news has footage of the second the quake struck, showing buildings collapsing as people run for cover. 1625 barbara jones, a haitian living in the, e-mails: "i have not heard from my mother or my cousins. my aunt is also missing. she gave me my education and i owe her so much, she was a huge part of my childhood. my family live in port-au-prince. i haven't heard from any of them." "i have not heard from my mother or my cousins. my aunt is also missing. she gave me my education and i owe her so much, she was a huge part of my childhood. my family live in port-au-prince. i haven't heard from any of them." haiti earthquake: your stories 1614 from beijing e-mails: "sichuan people suffered the pain of earthquake on 12 may 2008, when some hundreds of thousands of lives were taken away. now people in haiti suffer the same, i wish them go strongly, and also we others around the world should support them as soon as possible. pray for people dead in earthquake, wish live people safe, and hope the haitians overcome this quickly." "sichuan people suffered the pain of earthquake on 12 may 2008, when some hundreds of thousands of lives were taken away. now people in haiti suffer the same, i wish them go strongly, and also we others around the world should support them as soon as possible. pray for people dead in earthquake, wish live people safe, and hope the haitians overcome this quickly." 1610 united nations secretary general ban says one un staff member was rescued from under of rubble and sent to argentina for medical treatment. "it was a small, small miracle during the night which brought few other miracles," he said. united nations secretary general ban says one un staff member was rescued from under of rubble and sent to argentina for medical treatment. "it was a small, small miracle during the night which brought few other miracles," he said. 1608 jesse hagopian, a us doctor, was on holiday in port-au-prince when the quake hit and is now helping with the aid effort. he told jesse hagopian, a us doctor, was on holiday in port-au-prince when the quake hit and is now helping with the aid effort. he told democracy now: "the injuries just kept coming all day long - head injuries, people with multiple broken legs, people catatonic who couldn't speak. everybody is asking for medicine. you know, we don't have [the] basics." 1600 united nations secretary general ban confirms that 150 un personnel are missing - about 100 were inside the un headquarters, based in a hotel, when it collapsed. united nations secretary general ban confirms that 150 un personnel are missing - about 100 were inside the un headquarters, based in a hotel, when it collapsed. 1555 dominique strauss-kahn, the managing director of the dominique strauss-kahn, the managing director of the international monetary fund (imf), says $100m (£61m) will be made available to haiti "very quickly", in the form of extended loans. 1546 spanish prime minister jose luis rodriguez calls on the world to react withrength and energy" to the humanitarian crisis in haiti. he says spain, which holds the presidency, has "all the resources and all the capabilities" of the union. spanish prime minister jose luis rodriguez calls on the world to react withrength and energy" to the humanitarian crisis in haiti. he says spain, which holds the presidency, has "all the resources and all the capabilities" of the union. 1540 volunteer emerson tan, heading from the with non-governmental organisation to provide emergency mapping for aid agencies, e-mails: "had to unload and check all the kit, then a long sleepless wait for the aircraft to show up. now it's all go. dog teams and first with heavy rescue to follow this afternoon. reports from the ground sound bad. think it will be a long day." "had to unload and check all the kit, then a long sleepless wait for the aircraft to show up. now it's all go. dog teams and first with heavy rescue to follow this afternoon. reports from the ground sound bad. think it will be a long day." 1540 the bbc's david in dominican republic says: "the is one of the few countries whose search teams are classified at the highest level by the un to do so called heavy rescues - the ability to burrow deep into collapsed buildings and bring out survivors. the most valued members of the party are two who will go in first. holly and echo are trained to sniff out the faintest traces of life amid the chaos and smell of death which will confront them in the devastation of haiti." "the is one of the few countries whose search teams are classified at the highest level by the un to do so called heavy rescues - the ability to burrow deep into collapsed buildings and bring out survivors. the most valued members of the party are two who will go in first. holly and echo are trained to sniff out the faintest traces of life amid the chaos and smell of death which will confront them in the devastation of haiti." 1535-based aid agency-based aid agency save the children says many children in haiti will be "petrified and in danger". spokesman gareth owen tells reuters: "many will have been orphaned or be badly injured themselves and in urgent need of medical help. thousands more will have lost all contact with their families and friends and are now struggling to survive alone in the rubble." 1525 landon yarrington email from passports, computers, clothes, and medicine are all buried in the house we were staying. all that we have with us now are the clothes on our backs. our passports, computers, clothes, and medicine are all buried in the house we were staying. all that we have with us now are the clothes on our backs. 1515 us president barack obama outlines a massive aid effort from the us and announces $100m (£61m) in relief funds. he says it will take time for everything to arrive in the quake zone, but that "help is on the way". us president barack obama outlines a massive aid effort from the us and announces $100m (£61m) in relief funds. he says it will take time for everything to arrive in the quake zone, but that "help is on the way". 1510 bill clinton, un special envoy to haiti, has bill clinton, un special envoy to haiti, has written optimistically in time magazine about haiti's future: "before this disaster, haiti had the best chance in my lifetime to its potential as a country, to basically escape the chains of the past 200 years. i still believe that if we rally around them now and support them in the right way, the haitian people can reclaim their destiny." 1455 former us presidents bill clinton and george w bush will help with the disaster relief effort, white house officials tell news agencies. president barack obama is expected to make a statement shortly. former us presidents bill clinton and george w bush will help with the disaster relief effort, white house officials tell news agencies. president barack obama is expected to make a statement shortly. 1440 ruth norbury, in bristol,, writes in an email: "my husband is from haiti and has a large family that live in, which is on the edge of the city. it must be a miracle because although the houses around them are broken, all 11 members of the family are still alive and uninjured and the house is ok too. all i can say to people is don't give up hope just yet because among the darkness sometimes there is a small glimmer of light." "my husband is from haiti and has a large family that live in, which is on the edge of the city. it must be a miracle because although the houses around them are broken, all 11 members of the family are still alive and uninjured and the house is ok too. all i can say to people is don't give up hope just yet because among the darkness sometimes there is a small glimmer of light." 1438 international federation of red cross and red crescent societies (ifrc) andropean commission humanitarian aid (echo) have taken survivors plead for aid international federation of red cross and red crescent societies (ifrc) andropean commission humanitarian aid (echo) have taken photos during an aerial assessment of the capital, port-au-prince. 1420 british prime minister gordon brown describes the earthquake as a "tragedy beyond imagination". british prime minister gordon brown describes the earthquake as a "tragedy beyond imagination". 1413 the us airborne division will have 100 members in haiti on thursday, a spokesman tells the bbc. another 800 will be there by friday and the rest of the division is on standby in case they are needed. the us airborne division will have 100 members in haiti on thursday, a spokesman tells the bbc. another 800 will be there by friday and the rest of the division is on standby in case they are needed. 1411 elizabeth byrs, a spokeswoman for the un, tells the bbc world service: "firemen have also been trapped in the earthquake so their logistical means are very poor and they cannot cope with the situation. that's why it's very urgent to bring heavy machinery to remove the debris, also civil and military assets like helicopters are needed, given the bad conditions of the roads." "firemen have also been trapped in the earthquake so their logistical means are very poor and they cannot cope with the situation. that's why it's very urgent to bring heavy machinery to remove the debris, also civil and military assets like helicopters are needed, given the bad conditions of the roads." 1400 brooke durbin, a teacher in in northern haiti, e-mails: "the worst part about the whole thing is not being able to know what is happening just 200 miles away. what we hear is all "hear-say." we have limited internet, so we can't even check many news sites. i teach grade, and many (if not most) of my students have some family that they can't get hold of." brooke durbin, a teacher in in northern haiti, e-mails: "the worst part about the whole thing is not being able to know what is happening just 200 miles away. what we hear is all "hear-say." we have limited internet, so we can't even check many news sites. i teach grade, and many (if not most) of my students have some family that they can't get hold of." 1353 a senior white house advisor said she was left "speechless" by comments from us tv evangelist pat robertson that haitians had made "a pact to the devil". valerie jarrett told abc's a senior white house advisor said she was left "speechless" by comments from us tv evangelist pat robertson that haitians had made "a pact to the devil". valerie jarrett told abc's good morning america: "that's not the attitude that expresses the spirit of the president or the american people, so i thought it was a pretty stunning comment to make." 1346 the american red cross tweets: "you have donated nearly $3million to red cross earthquake relief efforts in haiti. thank you. keep it up." "you have donated nearly $3million to red cross earthquake relief efforts in haiti. thank you. keep it up." haiti: how to help 1338 yael talleyrand, in jacmel, haiti, has sent this picture to the bbc, showing people gathered at a temporary camp at an airport in haiti. "there are thousands of people there that need more tents, sheets, and so on, because they have only 3 tents that can only protect 50 people each," she said. 1334 the us army is sending up to soldiers to haiti, officials quoted by reuters say. the first 100 are scheduled to arrive soon. the us army is sending up to soldiers to haiti, officials quoted by reuters say. the first 100 are scheduled to arrive soon. 1325 haitian actor jimmy jean-louis, who starred in the heroes tv series, tells haitian actor jimmy jean-louis, who starred in the heroes tv series, tells cnn he has not been able to contact his parents in since the quake. "i don't think people have any idea how terrible this is," he says. 1321 barrau, a haitian living in miami, has started up a website for missing persons. he says: "i'm really disappointed - there are so few survivors. i spoke to a friend who helped get five people out of a collapsed supermarket, just five people. i've heard about people being alive one day and stuck under the rubble, but who don't make it." 1319 tweets: "yesterday there was only one gas station operating in town that i saw and it was a mob scene. no violence but it was very intense." 1315 churches, barber shops and small shops in haitian areas of miami have been collecting donations to send to friends and relatives. "my body is in miami but my mind is in haiti," fletcher toussaint, a young immigrant, tells the bbc. awaiting news from home churches, barber shops and small shops in haitian areas of miami have been collecting donations to send to friends and relatives. "my body is in miami but my mind is in haiti," fletcher toussaint, a young immigrant, tells the bbc. 1310 two days after the disaster struck, people speak of still hearing voices crying from the rubble. two days after the disaster struck, people speak of still hearing voices crying from the rubble. 1309 google and have put together some google and have put together some new satellite images of haiti, taken after the quake and showing the extent of the destruction. 1303 the foreign minister of indonesia - a country which has suffered natural disasters in the past - expressed condolences to haiti. "as a country that has been itself devastated by a similar situation, we are absolutely saddened by what's happening in haiti," said marty natalegawa. the foreign minister of indonesia - a country which has suffered natural disasters in the past - expressed condolences to haiti. "as a country that has been itself devastated by a similar situation, we are absolutely saddened by what's happening in haiti," said marty natalegawa. 1257 haitian carel tells bbc's haitian carel tells bbc's newshour he has seen a lot of dead bodies and collapsed buildings. "i've seen thousands of people crying for help, i've seen thousands of people homeless, helpless. i see a country devastated, i see - wow - i have witnessed a disaster and i think that's the biggest disaster i've ever seen in my life." 1254 the un says up to 200 of its staff, including peacekeepers, are unaccounted for. between 50 and 100 could be trapped in the un building in port-au-prince. the un says up to 200 of its staff, including peacekeepers, are unaccounted for. between 50 and 100 could be trapped in the un building in port-au-prince. 1253 tweets: "currently experiencing another aftershock - they are still coming - had a couple strong ones yesterday and last night." 1250 paul conneally, a spokesman for the bbc world service that conditions have been appalling. "the devastation is just as impressive from the air as it is from the ground. you mix this with factors such as the already impoverished and nature of the country, the fact that it was still just recovering from very, very serious natural disasters in the recent past - this is not a scenario that leads to a very positive prognosis." paul conneally, a spokesman for the red cross in haiti, tells world service that conditions have been appalling. "the devastation is just as impressive from the air as it is from the ground. you mix this with factors such as the already impoverished and nature of the country, the fact that it was still just recovering from very, very serious natural disasters in the recent past - this is not a scenario that leads to a very positive prognosis." 1245: us secretary of state hillary clinton says the death toll will reach "tens of thousands" and the aid will require a "long-term effort". us secretary of state hillary clinton says the death toll will reach "tens of thousands" and the aid will require a "long-term effort". 1243 tweets: "the streets are now haiti's living room and bedroom with everything closed. money, food, drinks, supplies, rotting bodies, frustration, impatience, despair will all become a has had much destruction, school kids caught in collapsing devastation is so widespread that the folks who should be helping, are probably taking care of their own issues." 1235 the bbc's matthew price at a hospital in port-au-prince says: "the smell is nauseating. bodies lie outside on the lawn, among them lie the injured and inside the screams and of those in pain echo down the corridors." please turn on javascript. media requires javascript to play. "the smell is nauseating. bodies lie outside on the lawn, among them lie the injured and inside the screams and of those in pain echo down the corridors." 1210 david darg, an aid worker with david darg, an aid worker with operation blessing international on his way to haiti from miami, tells the bbc the situation is nightmarish: "i sifted through the internet for reports of damage and couldn't believe the horror unfolding in a nation that has already endured so much. a day that started with us fixing a broken sewer turned into a day of a broken city." haiti aid worker diary 1202 steven watson, in kingston, jamaica, was sitting in a pick-up truck in kingston, jamaica and it shook for about 30 seconds. it felt like a freight train was passing close by. my thoughts and prayers are with the haitian people at this time." "i was sitting in a pick-up truck in kingston, jamaica and it shook for about 30 seconds. it felt like a freight train was passing close by. my thoughts and prayers are with the haitian people at this time." 1150 talleyrand, in jacmel, haiti, has sent photos of her home town to the bbc, including this one of a newly built hotel now in ruins. 1142 the bbc's david in the dominican republic says: "a team of british fire officers from seven regions have arrived and are now making their way in a light plane to neighbouring haiti to help in the earthquake rescue. they are carrying sophisticated listening equipment to detect life." "a team of british fire officers from seven regions have arrived and are now making their way in a light plane to neighbouring haiti to help in the earthquake rescue. they are carrying sophisticated listening equipment to detect life." 1135 immanuel kenneth, india, e-mails: "my american friend was in haiti to see her brother who is a doctor in haiti. i last spoke to her on skype on january 12. i have had no contact since then. i pray that she is safe." "my american friend was in haiti to see her brother who is a doctor in haiti. i last spoke to her on skype on january 12. i have had no contact since then. i pray that she is safe." 1126 haiti's ambassador to the un, leo merores, tells the bbc world service the government is still functioning - president rene preval and prime minister are assessing the situation in port-au-prince. "the process of finding the survivors and pulling out the dead has begun. but it's an extremely slow process because so many buildings have been completely destroyed," he says. haiti's ambassador to the un, leo merores, tells the bbc world service the government is still functioning - president rene preval and prime minister are assessing the situation in port-au-prince. "the process of finding the survivors and pulling out the dead has begun. but it's an extremely slow process because so many buildings have been completely destroyed," he says. 1124 the un says 100 of its staff are still unaccounted for after the quake, the news agency reports. the un says 100 of its staff are still unaccounted for after the quake, the news agency reports. 1121 neupane, kathmandu, nepal, e-mails: "i was shocked to learn the news about the devastating earthquake and broken communication channels. thanks to the internet my uncle, who is working under un peacekeeping force in haiti, was able to send me the message that he is safe. may the relief reach the people soon." "i was shocked to learn the news about the devastating earthquake and broken communication channels. thanks to the internet my uncle, who is working under un peacekeeping force in haiti, was able to send me the message that he is safe. may the relief reach the people soon." 1110 the bbc's jack izzard says only a trickle of aid flights have arrived in haiti so far but that will increase as the operation picks up speed. the first flights will be carrying emergency food and medical supplies, then heavy lifting equipment will arrive to move the rubble. the bbc's jack izzard says only a trickle of aid flights have arrived in haiti so far but that will increase as the operation picks up speed. the first flights will be carrying emergency food and medical supplies, then heavy lifting equipment will arrive to move the rubble. aid flights arrive in haiti 1052 the red cross says that since the quake, haitians - including 148 people in haiti "saying they were alive" - have registered on its the red cross says that since the quake, haitians - including 148 people in haiti "saying they were alive" - have registered on its website which helps track down missing family members 1047 us secretary of state hillary clinton has arrived back in the us to deal with the country's response to the quake, after cutting short a tour of the australia, new zealand and papua new guinea. us secretary of state hillary clinton has arrived back in the us to deal with the country's response to the quake, after cutting short a tour of the australia, new zealand and papua new guinea. 1028 countries around the world are scrambling to send assistance to haiti. among others, china has sent 10 tonnes of tents and medical equipment, theropean commission has pledged $4.37m (£2.7m:ro), israel is sending an elite army rescue unit of engineers and doctors and us navy vessels are making their way there - ap reports. countries around the world are scrambling to send assistance to haiti. among others, china has sent 10 tonnes of tents and medical equipment, theropean commission has pledged $4.37m (£2.7m:ro), israel is sending an elite army rescue unit of engineers and doctors and us navy vessels are making their way there - ap reports. 1024 the the miami herald has pictures of aid leaving florida for haiti and of the local haitian community holding prayer vigils for the country. 1013 the bbc's matthew price in port-au-prince says: "it is the sight that awaits you inside the hospital grounds that is most alarming. it is as if a massacre has been perpetrated here." "it is the sight that awaits you inside the hospital grounds that is most alarming. it is as if a massacre has been perpetrated here." sleeping among the dead 1010 laura bickle, an american working in an orphanage in port-au-prince, tells the bbc world service the enormity of the disaster is hard to comprehend. "all the parks are filled with people - they either have no home to go to or they are too scared to go home. they are pulling people out of the rubble, literally, blood running in the gutter like water." laura bickle, an american working in an orphanage in port-au-prince, tells the bbc world service the enormity of the disaster is hard to comprehend. "all the parks are filled with people - they either have no home to go to or they are too scared to go home. they are pulling people out of the rubble, literally, blood running in the gutter like water." 1005 the the disasters emergency committee (dec) in the has launched an appeal for donations. 0948 belinda luescher, a spokeswoman for the belinda luescher, a spokeswoman for the world food programme (wfp), tells the bbc aid agencies have a "huge task" ahead of them in haiti. "the people of haiti need everything, and they need it now. just in a normal day the world food programme will be feeding one or two million people in haiti and now we need to do even more, because the people have lost everything." 0942 the bbc's nick davis in port-au-prince says: "there is no mortuary big enough for the numbers who have died. the only sign of anything being done is a commercial van onto which police officers are stacking bodies." "there is no mortuary big enough for the numbers who have died. the only sign of anything being done is a commercial van onto which police officers are stacking bodies." a devastated city 0933 carel tweets: "the last aftershock was short but there are thousands of people homeless and helpless on the streets 70 minutes of sleep since monday aftershock of the day. haiti is sill shaking!! help!!... now we need to be organised. let's make it happen, people. haiti needs you." in the: british red cross, christian aid, oxfam, in the us: mercy corps, american red cross, unicef usa, the global orphan project, international rescue committee these organisations also have ways to donate: international red cross, international medical corps, medecins sans frontieres, save the children, actionaid, international relief and development we will keep you updated with relief efforts as the information comes in. 0912 mike thomas, the's rescue response in haiti, tells the bbc his team's priority will be to identify areas where people are trapped alive in rubble. "we're hoping we can get our dogs there quickly, they'll be invaluable in helping target those areas," he says. mike thomas, the's rescue response in haiti, tells the bbc his team's priority will be to identify areas where people are trapped alive in rubble. "we're hoping we can get our dogs there quickly, they'll be invaluable in helping target those areas," he says. 0907 tweets: "people in the streets are chanting as the night settles. people lost their houses and are sleeping on newspapers in the streets." 0850 hahn of hahn of unicef tells the bbc that although the media focus has been on port-au-prince, other towns in haiti have been "very, very severely affected". 0832 the the un says damage to the capital, port-au-prince, is "massive and broad," with perhaps hundreds of thousands of homes destroyed - reuters report. 0830 tweets: gerard church and the school behind it are destroyed. people are alive in the rubble. i look at the sky, see the stars, and it's as if nothing was wrong. the singing, the praying and the sirens bring me back to reality." gerard church and the school behind it are destroyed. people are alive in the rubble. i look at the sky, see the stars, and it's as if nothing was wrong. the singing, the praying and the sirens bring me back to reality." 0816 the bbc's matthew price in haiti says: in places there is barely anything left of this city. and so far the people are largely having to cope on their own. for some, the only hope is to dig with their bare hands. this is a race against time. this country - so often forgotten by the world - now needs its help more than ever. in places there is barely anything left of this city. and so far the people are largely having to cope on their own. for some, the only hope is to dig with their bare hands. this is a race against time. this country - so often forgotten by the world - now needs its help more than ever.

lɪv ˈkəvərɪʤ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈtuzˌdeɪz ˈərθkˌweɪk ɪn ˈheɪti, ɪn wɪʧ tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz ər fɪrd tɪ hæv daɪd ənd θri ˈmɪljən dɪˈspleɪst. ˈbɑdiz ər paɪld əp ɔn ðə strits əv ðə ˈkæpɪtəl. ˈrɛskju ˈwərkərz ər ɪn ə reɪs əˈgɛnst taɪm tɪ faɪnd sərˈvaɪvərz. 0000 ðə ˌbibiˈsi ɪz dɪskənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ðɪs lɪv ˈəpˌdeɪt peɪʤ fər ðə naɪt. fər ðə ˈleɪtəst dɪˈvɛləpmənts, pliz goʊ tɪ ɑr meɪn nuz peɪʤ. ðə ˌbibiˈsi ɪz dɪskənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ðɪs lɪv ˈəpˌdeɪt peɪʤ fər ðə naɪt. fər ðə ˈleɪtəst dɪˈvɛləpmənts, pliz goʊ tɪ ɑr meɪn nuz peɪʤ. 2346 sərˈvaɪvər ˈʤæksən tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi hi həz ʤɪst faʊnd hɪz waɪf ˈəndər ðə ˈrəbəl: "wi ʤɪst gɑt ˈmɛrid. aɪ ʤɪst ˈmɛrid maɪ waɪf, ənd naʊ aɪ doʊnt noʊ wət tɪ du. ʃi spɛnt θri deɪz ˈəndər ðə ˈrəbəl əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ, ənd təˈdeɪ aɪ faʊnd hər." "wi ʤɪst gɑt ˈmɛrid. aɪ ʤɪst ˈmɛrid maɪ waɪf, ənd naʊ aɪ doʊnt noʊ wət tɪ du. ʃi spɛnt θri deɪz ˈəndər ðə ˈrəbəl əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ, ənd təˈdeɪ aɪ faʊnd hər." 2342 taɪm ˈmægəˌzin rɪˈpɔrtər sɔl ʃwɔrts sɪz hi həz sin æt list tu ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈroʊdˌblɑks meɪd aʊt əv ˈbɑdiz əv ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈvɪktɪmz ənd rɑks ˈrɔɪtərz. "ɪts ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈəgli aʊt ðɛr, ˈpipəl ər fɛd əp wɪθ ˈgɪtɪŋ noʊ hɛlp," hi tɛlz ðə nuz ˈeɪʤənsi. taɪm ˈmægəˌzin rɪˈpɔrtər sɔl ʃwɔrts sɪz hi həz sin æt list tu ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈroʊdˌblɑks meɪd aʊt əv ˈbɑdiz əv ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈvɪktɪmz ənd rɑks ˈrɔɪtərz. "ɪts ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈəgli aʊt ðɛr, ˈpipəl ər fɛd əp wɪθ ˈgɪtɪŋ noʊ hɛlp," hi tɛlz ðə nuz ˈeɪʤənsi. 2325 luɪs ˈbɔˌlɪnʤər əv ˈɑksˌfæm tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi: "ˈpipəl ər ˈprɪti kɑm, aɪ hæv tɪ seɪ. ðɛr wər noʊ sinz əv keɪɑs ər əgrɛˈsɪvɪti ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls. ˈpipəl ər ˈprɪti ʃɑkt stɪl. ə lɔt əv ˈfæməliz ənd frɛndz ənd ˈneɪbərz hæv ˈgæðərd təˈgɛðər ɪn pɑrks ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns, soʊ ju kən si ðə wənz ðət ər ˈhoʊmləs naʊ ər ˈstɪkɪŋ təˈgɛðər ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ hɛlp iʧ ˈəðər aʊt, ˈweɪtɪŋ fər eɪd tɪ kəm əˈlɔŋ." "ˈpipəl ər ˈprɪti kɑm, aɪ hæv tɪ seɪ. ðɛr wər noʊ sinz əv keɪɑs ər əgrɛˈsɪvɪti ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls. ˈpipəl ər ˈprɪti ʃɑkt stɪl. ə lɔt əv ˈfæməliz ənd frɛndz ənd ˈneɪbərz hæv ˈgæðərd təˈgɛðər ɪn pɑrks ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns, soʊ ju kən si ðə wənz ðət ər ˈhoʊmləs naʊ ər ˈstɪkɪŋ təˈgɛðər ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ hɛlp iʧ ˈəðər aʊt, ˈweɪtɪŋ fər eɪd tɪ kəm əˈlɔŋ." 2319 ˈjuˈɛs ˈmoʊbəl foʊn ˈjuzərz sɛnd mɔr ðən tɪ ðə rɛd krɔs fər dɪˈzæstər rɪˈlif, baɪ ˈtɛkˌstɪŋ "ˈheɪti" tɪ ðə ˈnəmbər 90999 ˈjuˈɛs ˈmoʊbəl foʊn ˈjuzərz sɛnd mɔr ðən tɪ ðə rɛd krɔs fər dɪˈzæstər rɪˈlif, baɪ ˈtɛkˌstɪŋ "ˈheɪti" tɪ ðə ˈnəmbər 90999 2308 ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˈmæθju praɪs ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns sɪz: "ðɛr ər mɔr eɪd flaɪts ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪn, lɑrʤ ˈnəmbərz əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌpərsəˈnɛl ər hir ðeɪ ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɛdi ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsɛtɪŋ aʊt... bət ɪt filz ɛz ɪf ɪt kʊd teɪk ə ˈvɛri lɔŋ taɪm fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən." "ðɛr ər mɔr eɪd flaɪts ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪn, lɑrʤ ˈnəmbərz əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌpərsəˈnɛl ər hir ðeɪ ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɛdi ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsɛtɪŋ aʊt... bət ɪt filz ɛz ɪf ɪt kʊd teɪk ə ˈvɛri lɔŋ taɪm fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən." 2246 ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd əˈgri tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər tɪ priˈpɛr ə ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ˈheɪti, "wɪθ brəˈzɪl, ˈkænədə ənd ˈəðər ˈkəntriz dɪˈrɛkli kənˈsərnd" . ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd əˈgri tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər tɪ priˈpɛr ə ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ˈheɪti, "wɪθ brəˈzɪl, ˈkænədə ənd ˈəðər ˈkəntriz dɪˈrɛkli kənˈsərnd" . 2240 tweets*: "frəm ˈwɔkɪŋ əraʊnd moʊst əv ðə deɪ aɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðət ˌwənˈθərd tɪ hæf əv ðə ˈhaʊsɪz ər ər wɪl bi dɪˈmɑlɪʃt." 2235 ˈjuˈɛs ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkaʊnsəl ˈspoʊksmən maɪk ˈhæmər tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi: "ɪts ɔl hænz ɔn dɛk hir ɔn ðɪs ˈɛfərt tɪ traɪ tɪ meɪk ʃʊr nɑt ˈoʊnli ðət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz duɪŋ ɔl ɪt kən bət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt hɪmˈsɛlf ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ ðə foʊnz, ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ wərld ˈlidərz, traɪɪŋ tɪ əˈgɛn koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˈsɪstəns. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛfərt wi hæv tɪ wərk wɪθ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz, ɛŋˈgoʊz ənd ðə wərld kəmˈjunɪti tɪ hɛlp ˈheɪti ɪn ðɪs ˈdɛspərɪt taɪm əv nid." "ɪts ɔl hænz ɔn dɛk hir ɔn ðɪs ˈɛfərt tɪ traɪ tɪ meɪk ʃʊr nɑt ˈoʊnli ðət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz duɪŋ ɔl ɪt kən bət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt hɪmˈsɛlf ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ ðə foʊnz, ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ wərld ˈlidərz, traɪɪŋ tɪ əˈgɛn koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˈsɪstəns. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛfərt wi hæv tɪ wərk wɪθ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz, ɛŋˈgoʊz ənd ðə wərld kəmˈjunɪti tɪ hɛlp ˈheɪti ɪn ðɪs ˈdɛspərɪt taɪm əv nid." 2211 ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˈbɑrbərə plɛt æt ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz sɪz: "ðə ˈjuˈɛn sɪz 36 əv ɪts ˌpərsəˈnɛl wər kɪld ɪn ðə ˈheɪti ˈərθkˌweɪk, ənd 188 stæf ˈmɛmbərz ər stɪl ˌənəˈkaʊntɪd fər. ˈjuˈɛn əˈfɪʃəlz ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ɪn ˈkəmɪŋ deɪz ˈkɛrfəl ˈrɛskju ˈɛfərts wɪl swɪʧ tɪ rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ˈbɑdiz, ənd ˈdəzənz mɔr ˈjuˈɛn stæf kʊd bi kənˈfərmd dɛd. ɪts ə juʤ bloʊ fər ðə ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən, wɪʧ ɪz ˈskræmbəlɪŋ tɪ koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ə ˈmæsɪv rɪˈlif ˈɛfərt fər ˈheɪti." "ðə ˈjuˈɛn sɪz 36 əv ɪts ˌpərsəˈnɛl wər kɪld ɪn ðə ˈheɪti ˈərθkˌweɪk, ənd 188 stæf ˈmɛmbərz ər stɪl ˌənəˈkaʊntɪd fər. ˈjuˈɛn əˈfɪʃəlz ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ɪn ˈkəmɪŋ deɪz ˈkɛrfəl ˈrɛskju ˈɛfərts wɪl swɪʧ tɪ rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ˈbɑdiz, ənd ˈdəzənz mɔr ˈjuˈɛn stæf kʊd bi kənˈfərmd dɛd. ɪts ə juʤ bloʊ fər ðə ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən, wɪʧ ɪz ˈskræmbəlɪŋ tɪ koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ə ˈmæsɪv rɪˈlif ˈɛfərt fər ˈheɪti." 2205 eɪd ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən kɛr tweets*: "ðə ˈsæntoʊ dəˈmɪŋgoʊ [dəˈmɪnəkən riˈpəblɪk] ˈɛrˌpɔrt ɪz fʊl əv eɪd ˈwərkərz, ˈrɛskju timz. ɪt ɪz ˈtərnɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən həb." 2144 ˈvɛtərən ˈɛnˌbiˈsi nuz ˈæŋkər braɪən ˈwɪljəmz tɛlz ˈvɛtərən ˈɛnˌbiˈsi nuz ˈæŋkər braɪən ˈwɪljəmz tɛlz ðə ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈkɑmprəbəl tɪ ðə 2004 ˈeɪʒən tsuˈnɑmi: "ɪts ˈvɛri ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt əv wət wi sɔ ɪn ˈbændə aceh*. ðɛr wər dɛd ɪn ɑr taɪm ðɛr. ðɛrz noʊ weɪ tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs ɪt, noʊ weɪ tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ɪt, ɪt ʤɪst bɪˈkəmz other-worldly*." 2125 ˈheɪʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt rəˈneɪ ˈprivæl sɪz ˈvɪktɪmz hæv ɔˈrɛdi bɪn ˈbɛrid ɪn ə ˈkɑmən greɪv ˈrɔɪtərz. ˈheɪʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt rəˈneɪ ˈprivæl sɪz ˈvɪktɪmz hæv ɔˈrɛdi bɪn ˈbɛrid ɪn ə ˈkɑmən greɪv ˈrɔɪtərz. 2055 ˈhɛri braʊn ɪn məˈkaʊ ˈiˌmeɪlz: "ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ wərd ˈviə maɪ ˈsɪstər ɪn ˌməntriˈɔl ðət 11 ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz ɪn ˈeɪʤɪd bɪtˈwin 18 mənθs ənd 60 jɪrz hæv sərˈvaɪvd. tɪ wət ɪkˈstɛnt, wi doʊnt noʊ jɛt. ðə rɪˈlif ɪz mɪkst wɪθ gɪlt. aɪ æm rɪˈlivd tɪ hæv rɪˈsivd ˈpɑzətɪv nuz jɛt ðɛr ər ˈθaʊzənz əˈpɑn ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈfæməliz hɪt baɪ ðɪs ˈtræʤədi." "ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ wərd ˈviə maɪ ˈsɪstər ɪn ˌməntriˈɔl ðət 11 ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz ɪn ˈeɪʤɪd bɪtˈwin 18 mənθs ənd 60 jɪrz hæv sərˈvaɪvd. tɪ wət ɪkˈstɛnt, wi doʊnt noʊ jɛt. ðə rɪˈlif ɪz mɪkst wɪθ gɪlt. aɪ æm rɪˈlivd tɪ hæv rɪˈsivd ˈpɑzətɪv nuz jɛt ðɛr ər ˈθaʊzənz əˈpɑn ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈfæməliz hɪt baɪ ðɪs ˈtræʤədi." 2033 ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˈlɔrə trəˈvɛljən ɪn nu jɔrk sɪz: "soʊ ˈmɛni tɪrz ər biɪŋ ʃɛd ɪn ˈbrʊklɪnz ˈheɪʃən kəmˈjunɪti ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz skɛrs, kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz wɪθ ˈheɪti ər ˈvərʧuəli nɑn ɛgˈzɪstənt, ənd ðə ˈlɔŋgər ðət goʊz baɪ wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɑnˌtækt frəm ləvd wənz, ðə ˈhɑrdər ɪt ɪz. æt ðə fɛr mˈjuzɪk ʃɑp, ə ˈfoʊkəl pɔɪnt fər ˈheɪʃənz ɪn ˈbrʊklɪn, ˈpipəl ər ˈgæðərɪŋ, ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪŋ ˈməni ənd səˈplaɪz fər ˈheɪti." "soʊ ˈmɛni tɪrz ər biɪŋ ʃɛd ɪn ˈbrʊklɪnz ˈheɪʃən kəmˈjunɪti ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz skɛrs, kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz wɪθ ˈheɪti ər ˈvərʧuəli nɑn ɛgˈzɪstənt, ənd ðə ˈlɔŋgər ðət goʊz baɪ wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɑnˌtækt frəm ləvd wənz, ðə ˈhɑrdər ɪt ɪz. æt ðə fɛr mˈjuzɪk ʃɑp, ə ˈfoʊkəl pɔɪnt fər ˈheɪʃənz ɪn ˈbrʊklɪn, ˈpipəl ər ˈgæðərɪŋ, ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪŋ ˈməni ənd səˈplaɪz fər ˈheɪti." 2024 ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˈændi ˈgæləkər ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns sɪz: "ˈpipəl ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd, ənd ðɛr ɪz ə sɛns ðət ðə mud kʊd ʧeɪnʤ. ˈbɑdiz ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ paɪl əp ənd ðɛr ɪz ə stɛnʧ ˈfɪlɪŋ ðə ɛr... ðə hɛlp ˈrɪli ˈɪzənt hir jɛt." ˈændi ˈgæləkər dɪˈskraɪbz hɪz fərst ˈdeɪˌlaɪt vju əv ðə ˈdæmɪʤ ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns. "ˈpipəl ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd, ənd ðɛr ɪz ə sɛns ðət ðə mud kʊd ʧeɪnʤ. ˈbɑdiz ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ paɪl əp ənd ðɛr ɪz ə stɛnʧ ˈfɪlɪŋ ðə ɛr... ðə hɛlp ˈrɪli ˈɪzənt hir jɛt." 2001, ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns, tweets*: "hɛlp ɪz ˈnidɪd! ˈpipəl stɪl əˈlaɪv ˈəndər ˈkɑlɪʤ canapé*é vərt ər ˈskrimɪŋ fər hɛlp tɪ gɪt ðɛm aʊt əv ðə ˈrəbəl." 1943 ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ eɪd flaɪts tɪ ˈheɪti hæv rɪˈzumd ˈæftər biɪŋ səˈspɛndɪd bɪˈkəz əv ˈoʊvərˌkraʊdɪŋ æt ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns ˈɛrˌpɔrt əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs. ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ eɪd flaɪts tɪ ˈheɪti hæv rɪˈzumd ˈæftər biɪŋ səˈspɛndɪd bɪˈkəz əv ˈoʊvərˌkraʊdɪŋ æt ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns ˈɛrˌpɔrt əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs. 1927 ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˈmæθju praɪs ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns sɪz: "ðə ˈɪnʤərd laɪ əˈməŋ ðoʊz hu hæv ɔˈrɛdi daɪd, ɪn ðə ˈdɪʧɪz ˈrənɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈroʊdˌsaɪd ju meɪ pæs ə ˈbɑdi ər ˌɪnˈdid ˈsɛvərəl ˈbɑdiz. ɪn ðə hit, ðə smɛl ɪn ˈpleɪsɪz ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ tu strɔŋ tɪ ˈstəmək. ˈheɪtiz nidz ər ˈmæsɪv, ɛz ˈɛvər ɪn ən ˈərθkˌweɪk fud, ˈwɔtər ənd ˈmɛdəsən. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ nidz ˈbʊlˌdoʊzərz ənd ˈhɛvi ˈlɪftɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt, bət pərˈhæps mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪt nidz ˈsəmˌwən tɪ teɪk ʧɑrʤ hir." "ðə ˈɪnʤərd laɪ əˈməŋ ðoʊz hu hæv ɔˈrɛdi daɪd, ɪn ðə ˈdɪʧɪz ˈrənɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈroʊdˌsaɪd ju meɪ pæs ə ˈbɑdi ər ˌɪnˈdid ˈsɛvərəl ˈbɑdiz. ɪn ðə hit, ðə smɛl ɪn ˈpleɪsɪz ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ tu strɔŋ tɪ ˈstəmək. ˈheɪtiz nidz ər ˈmæsɪv, ɛz ˈɛvər ɪn ən ˈərθkˌweɪk fud, ˈwɔtər ənd ˈmɛdəsən. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ nidz ˈbʊlˌdoʊzərz ənd ˈhɛvi ˈlɪftɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt, bət pərˈhæps mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪt nidz ˈsəmˌwən tɪ teɪk ʧɑrʤ hir." 1859 ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə ˈfɔrən ənd ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ ˈɔfəs sɪz: "wi ər bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ riˈpeɪtriˌeɪt ðə fərst ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈnæʃənəlz. ðeɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ənd ʧɛkt ɔn ˈoʊvər 30 ˈəðər brɪts, hu hæv kənˈfərmd ðeɪ ər seɪf ənd wɛl, ənd ər koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtɪŋ wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs, kəˈneɪdiən ənd ˈpɑrtnərz tɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ðə ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən əv ˈɛni ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈnæʃənəlz hu wɪʃ tɪ liv ˈheɪti. wi hæv noʊ rɪˈpɔrts æt ˈprɛzənt əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈkæʒəwəltiz." 1850 ðə ðə rɛd krɔs sɪz ɪt bɪˈlivz ˈpipəl daɪd ɪn ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ənd əˈnəðər θri ˈmɪljən hæv bɪn ˈɪnʤərd ər lɛft ˈhoʊmləs. 1826 ˈfɔrən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈdeɪvɪd raɪts ˈfɔrən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈdeɪvɪd raɪts ɪn hɪz blɔg "wi hæv ɔl sin ðə hɔˈrɪfɪk ˈpɪkʧərz frəm ˈheɪti. aɪ wɪl spik tɪ bæn ˈleɪtər əˈbaʊt ðə ˈtɛrəbəl lɔs fər ðə ˈjuˈɛn... ðə hoʊl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kəmˈjunɪti wɔnts tɪ du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪt kən. ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪz ʤɪst ˈɔfəl." 1800 "ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, ðoʊ, ju hæv tɪ ˈwəndər ɪf ðə ˈplænət ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz nɑt kənˈspaɪrɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðɪs ˈhəmbəl ˈlɪtəl ˈneɪʃən," raɪts ˈlɛnərd pɪts "ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, ðoʊ, ju hæv tɪ ˈwəndər ɪf ðə ˈplænət ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz nɑt kənˈspaɪrɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðɪs ˈhəmbəl ˈlɪtəl ˈneɪʃən," raɪts ˈlɛnərd pɪts ɪn ðə maɪˈæmi ˈhɛrəld. 1751 ˈmɛdɪˌsɪnz sænz frɑnˈtjɛrz sɪz ɪt həz nɑt bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪt ɪn təʧ wɪθ ɔl ɪts ˈheɪʃən stæf ər wɪθ ˈpeɪʃənz hu wər ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋz wɪn ðə kweɪk hɪt. 1745 ˈkæθi ˈʤɑnsən ɪn ðə, hu həz ˈrɛlətɪvz ɪn ˈheɪti, toʊld ðə ˌbibiˈsi: "wi ər ˈdɛspərətli ˈwərid bɪˈkəz maɪ ˈəŋkəl ənd sɪks əv hɪz ˈʧɪldrən ər ˈmɪsɪŋ ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns. ðə ˈɛriə ɪz ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd, ðə ʧərʧ ənd ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd nɪr hɪz haʊs dɪˈstrɔɪd. ənd aɪ æm stək hir ˈθaʊzənz əv maɪəlz əˈweɪ. aɪ fil soʊ ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd, ɔl aɪ wɔnt tɪ du ɪz tɪ ʤəmp ɔn ə pleɪn ənd goʊ ənd hɛlp." "wi ər ˈdɛspərətli ˈwərid bɪˈkəz maɪ ˈəŋkəl ənd sɪks əv hɪz ˈʧɪldrən ər ˈmɪsɪŋ ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns. ðə ˈɛriə ɪz ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd, ðə ʧərʧ ənd ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd nɪr hɪz haʊs dɪˈstrɔɪd. ənd aɪ æm stək hir ˈθaʊzənz əv maɪəlz əˈweɪ. aɪ fil soʊ ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd, ɔl aɪ wɔnt tɪ du ɪz tɪ ʤəmp ɔn ə pleɪn ənd goʊ ənd hɛlp." 1721 ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˈændi ˈgæləkər æt ə ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns sɪz: "ɪts ə mæs greɪv, ðɛr ər ˈmeɪbi ər mɔr ˈbɑdiz wɪʧ ər ʤɪst laɪɪŋ ðɛr, əm nɑt ʃʊr ɪgˈzæktli haʊ ðiz ˈbɑdiz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi dɪˈspoʊzd əv bət æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt ðeɪ ər ʤɪst ɪn ə paɪl, æt ðə ɛʤ əv ðɪs ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri." "ɪts ə mæs greɪv, ðɛr ər ˈmeɪbi ər mɔr ˈbɑdiz wɪʧ ər ʤɪst laɪɪŋ ðɛr, əm nɑt ʃʊr ɪgˈzæktli haʊ ðiz ˈbɑdiz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi dɪˈspoʊzd əv bət æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt ðeɪ ər ʤɪst ɪn ə paɪl, æt ðə ɛʤ əv ðɪs ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri." 1710 ʤoʊəl ˈækɪnbɑk ɪn ʤoʊəl ˈækɪnbɑk ɪn ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst sɪz riˈbɪldɪŋ wɪθ ˌriɪnˈfɔrst ˈkɑnkrit wʊd ˈlɪtərəli kriˈeɪt ə mɔr ˈsteɪbəl ˈkəntri. "ˈɑbviəsli ðə ˈjuˈɛs wɪl sɛnd eɪd ənd rɪˈlif ˈwərkərz, bət wi ʃʊd du mɔr ðən ðət: fər ə smɔl ˈfrækʃən əv wət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz ˈspɛndɪŋ tɪ beɪl aʊt bæŋks ənd ˈɔtoʊ fərmz wi kʊd hɛlp ˈheɪti riˈbɪld wɪθ ˌriɪnˈfɔrst ˈkɑnkrit.... ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ənd jɛt ˈpipəl əraʊnd ðə wərld ər ˈlɪvɪŋ ənd ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋz ðət ər ˈsərtən tɪ ˈkrəmbəl wɪn ðə ərθ muvz." 1704 ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈrɛskju tim spɛnt faɪv aʊərz friɪŋ wən mæn frəm ˈrəbəl ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns. wən əv ðə ˈrɛˌskjuərz, sæm greɪ sɛd ðɛr wɑz "ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl əˈmaʊnt əv ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən ənd ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl əˈmaʊnt əv ˈpipəl hu wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli luz ðɛr lɪvz" ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. "ˈɑnəstli ðə ˈhɑrdəst pɑrt ɪz noʊɪŋ haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ˈɑrənt goʊɪŋ tɪ bi seɪvd," hi sɛd. ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈrɛskju tim spɛnt faɪv aʊərz friɪŋ wən mæn frəm ˈrəbəl ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns. wən əv ðə ˈrɛˌskjuərz, sæm greɪ sɛd ðɛr wɑz "ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl əˈmaʊnt əv ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən ənd ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl əˈmaʊnt əv ˈpipəl hu wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli luz ðɛr lɪvz" ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. "ˈɑnəstli ðə ˈhɑrdəst pɑrt ɪz noʊɪŋ haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ˈɑrənt goʊɪŋ tɪ bi seɪvd," hi sɛd. 1658 firesideint*, ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns, tweets*: "θɪŋz ər ˈjuʒəwəli nɑt ɛz bæd ɛz ðə nuz sɪz. sɪnˈsɪrli, ðɪs ɪz wərs dɛd ˈbɑdiz ˈɛvriˌwɛr. ˈsɪti ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ smɛl laɪk ˈrɑtɪŋ flɛʃ. mɛn ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ kəˈlɛkt ˈbɑdiz ɔf əv ðə strits. sɔ ə trək paɪld haɪ. rɪˈkəvəri ˈɛfərts ər ˌəndərˈweɪ bət smɔl. ə ˈpərsən hir ər ðɛr. noʊ hɪˈroʊɪks. ʤɪst ˌdɛspərˈeɪʃɪn. ˈmɛni ˈpipəl preɪɪŋ ɛz ðeɪ wɔk." ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns tweets*: "əm ˈhirɪŋ pleɪnz ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz. ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ðɛr wər nən tɪ spik əv. ɪt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr. aɪ hoʊp ðɛr ɪz hɛlp ɔn ðə graʊnd." 1654 ˈkæmərən ˈsɪnklɛr əv ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər əv juˈmænɪti, ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈkæmərən ˈsɪnklɛr əv ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər əv juˈmænɪti, ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪn ə blɔg ɔn ðə ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst, ərʤd ðoʊz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə rɪˈlif ˈɛfərt tɪ plæn ˈvɛri ˈkɛrfəli. "ɪn ə dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntri laɪk ˈheɪti ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈdeɪnʤər ɪz ðə ˈifɛkts əv bæd ˈplænɪŋ ənd kənˈstrəkʃən. ˈwɔtərˌbɔrn dɪˈzizɪz sprɛd laɪk ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər ɪn ˈtɛmpərˌɛri kæmps ənd ˈdəmpɪŋ məˈtɪriəlz nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz ˈdeɪnʤərəs bət ˌəndərˈmaɪnz ən ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ jɛt ˈfræʤəl kənˈstrəkʃən ˈɪndəstri." 1651 ðə ˌbibiˈsis pɔl ˈædəmz ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən sɪz: "fər ðə ˈsɛkənd taɪm ɪn tu deɪz, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɛnt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈkæmərəz tɪ ˈaʊˌtlaɪn wət hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz duɪŋ. hi wɑz flæŋkt baɪ hæf ə ˈdəzən ˈsinjər ˈmɛmbərz əv hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ənd ɪts bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts bɪl ˈklɪntən ənd ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju bʊʃ hæv əˈgrid tɪ lɛnd ðɛr səˈpɔrt ə klɪr saɪn ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt wɔnts ðɪs tɪ bi ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɛfərt wɪʧ trænˈsɛndz ɔl ˈpɑrtəzən ˈpɑləˌtɪks." "fər ðə ˈsɛkənd taɪm ɪn tu deɪz, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɛnt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈkæmərəz tɪ ˈaʊˌtlaɪn wət hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz duɪŋ. hi wɑz flæŋkt baɪ hæf ə ˈdəzən ˈsinjər ˈmɛmbərz əv hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ənd ɪts bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts bɪl ˈklɪntən ənd ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju bʊʃ hæv əˈgrid tɪ lɛnd ðɛr səˈpɔrt ə klɪr saɪn ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt wɔnts ðɪs tɪ bi ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɛfərt wɪʧ trænˈsɛndz ɔl ˈpɑrtəzən ˈpɑləˌtɪks." ˌoʊˈbɑmə: "ˈnəθɪŋ lɛs ðən ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ" 1640 ʤin klɔd əv ˈækʃən eɪd ɪn ˈheɪti tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi: "kənˈdɪʃənz ər ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˌæbsəˈlutli ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk. aɪ hæv sin səm əv ðə moʊst ˈhɔrəbəl θɪŋz aɪ hæv sin ɪn maɪ laɪf. aɪ æm ˈpʊtɪŋ aʊt ə pli tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, tɪ ˈɛni əv ðə əˈθɔrətiz wɪθ ˈheɪti, tɪ hɛlp klin əp ðə ˈbɑdiz ɔn ðə strits bɪˈkəz ðə hɛlθ ənd ðə ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən əv ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən fər ðə ˈsɪti ər pəˈtɛnʃəli əv ˈɛpɪk prəˈpɔrʃənz." "kənˈdɪʃənz ər ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˌæbsəˈlutli ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk. aɪ hæv sin səm əv ðə moʊst ˈhɔrəbəl θɪŋz aɪ hæv sin ɪn maɪ laɪf. aɪ æm ˈpʊtɪŋ aʊt ə pli tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, tɪ ˈɛni əv ðə əˈθɔrətiz wɪθ ˈheɪti, tɪ hɛlp klin əp ðə ˈbɑdiz ɔn ðə strits bɪˈkəz ðə hɛlθ ənd ðə ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən əv ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən fər ðə ˈsɪti ər pəˈtɛnʃəli əv ˈɛpɪk prəˈpɔrʃənz." 1633 ˈjuˈɛn ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɛnərəl bæn sɪz "ˈoʊvərˌɔl sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈɔrdər ɪz biɪŋ meɪnˈteɪnd" ɪn ˈheɪti. ðə ˈjuˈɛn ˈpiˌskipərz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ər əˈsɪstɪŋ wɪθ eɪd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən. ˈjuˈɛn ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɛnərəl bæn sɪz "ˈoʊvərˌɔl sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈɔrdər ɪz biɪŋ meɪnˈteɪnd" ɪn ˈheɪti. ðə ˈjuˈɛn ˈpiˌskipərz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ər əˈsɪstɪŋ wɪθ eɪd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən. bæn: "ˈdəzənz əv ˈjuˈɛn stæf stɪl ˈmɪsɪŋ" 1625 ˈjuˈɛs ˈbrɔdˌkæstər ˈsiˌbiˌɛs nuz həz ˈjuˈɛs ˈbrɔdˌkæstər ˈsiˌbiˌɛs nuz həz ˈfʊtɪʤ əv ðə ˈsɛkənd ðə kweɪk strək, ʃoʊɪŋ ˈbɪldɪŋz kəˈlæpsɪŋ ɛz ˈpipəl rən fər ˈkəvər. 1625 ˈbɑrbərə ʤoʊnz, ə ˈheɪʃən ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə, ˈiˌmeɪlz: "aɪ hæv nɑt hərd frəm maɪ ˈməðər ər maɪ ˈkəzənz. maɪ ɔnt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɪsɪŋ. ʃi geɪv mi maɪ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd aɪ oʊ hər soʊ məʧ, ʃi wɑz ə juʤ pɑrt əv maɪ ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd. maɪ ˈfæməli lɪv ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns. aɪ ˈhævənt hərd frəm ˈɛni əv ðɛm." "aɪ hæv nɑt hərd frəm maɪ ˈməðər ər maɪ ˈkəzənz. maɪ ɔnt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɪsɪŋ. ʃi geɪv mi maɪ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd aɪ oʊ hər soʊ məʧ, ʃi wɑz ə juʤ pɑrt əv maɪ ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd. maɪ ˈfæməli lɪv ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns. aɪ ˈhævənt hərd frəm ˈɛni əv ðɛm." ˈheɪti ˈərθkˌweɪk: jʊr ˈstɔriz 1614 frəm ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ ˈiˌmeɪlz: "ˌsɪʧˈwɑn ˈpipəl ˈsəfərd ðə peɪn əv ˈərθkˌweɪk ɔn 12 meɪ 2008 wɪn səm ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv lɪvz wər ˈteɪkən əˈweɪ. naʊ ˈpipəl ɪn ˈheɪti ˈsəfər ðə seɪm, aɪ wɪʃ ðɛm goʊ ˈstrɔŋli, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ wi ˈəðərz əraʊnd ðə wərld ʃʊd səˈpɔrt ðɛm ɛz sun ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. preɪ fər ˈpipəl dɛd ɪn ˈərθkˌweɪk, wɪʃ lɪv ˈpipəl seɪf, ənd hoʊp ðə ˈheɪʃənz ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðɪs kˈwɪkli." "ˌsɪʧˈwɑn ˈpipəl ˈsəfərd ðə peɪn əv ˈərθkˌweɪk ɔn 12 meɪ 2008 wɪn səm ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv lɪvz wər ˈteɪkən əˈweɪ. naʊ ˈpipəl ɪn ˈheɪti ˈsəfər ðə seɪm, aɪ wɪʃ ðɛm goʊ ˈstrɔŋli, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ wi ˈəðərz əraʊnd ðə wərld ʃʊd səˈpɔrt ðɛm ɛz sun ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. preɪ fər ˈpipəl dɛd ɪn ˈərθkˌweɪk, wɪʃ lɪv ˈpipəl seɪf, ənd hoʊp ðə ˈheɪʃənz ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðɪs kˈwɪkli." 1610 juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɛnərəl bæn sɪz wən ˈjuˈɛn stæf ˈmɛmbər wɑz ˈrɛskjud frəm ˈəndər əv ˈrəbəl ənd sɛnt tɪ ˌɑrʤənˈtinə fər ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtritmənt. "ɪt wɑz ə smɔl, smɔl ˈmɪrəkəl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə naɪt wɪʧ brɔt fju ˈəðər ˈmɪrəkəlz," hi sɛd. juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɛnərəl bæn sɪz wən ˈjuˈɛn stæf ˈmɛmbər wɑz ˈrɛskjud frəm ˈəndər əv ˈrəbəl ənd sɛnt tɪ ˌɑrʤənˈtinə fər ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtritmənt. "ɪt wɑz ə smɔl, smɔl ˈmɪrəkəl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə naɪt wɪʧ brɔt fju ˈəðər ˈmɪrəkəlz," hi sɛd. 1608 ˈʤɛsi həˈgoʊpiən, ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈdɔktər, wɑz ɔn ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns wɪn ðə kweɪk hɪt ənd ɪz naʊ ˈhɛlpɪŋ wɪθ ðə eɪd ˈɛfərt. hi toʊld ˈʤɛsi həˈgoʊpiən, ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈdɔktər, wɑz ɔn ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns wɪn ðə kweɪk hɪt ənd ɪz naʊ ˈhɛlpɪŋ wɪθ ðə eɪd ˈɛfərt. hi toʊld dɪˈmɑkrəsi naʊ: "ðə ˈɪnʤəriz ʤɪst kɛpt ˈkəmɪŋ ɔl deɪ lɔŋ hɛd ˈɪnʤəriz, ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈməltəpəl ˈbroʊkən lɛgz, ˈpipəl ˌkætəˈtɑnɪk hu ˈkʊdənt spik. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɪz ˈæskɪŋ fər ˈmɛdəsən. ju noʊ, wi doʊnt hæv [ðə] ˈbeɪsɪks." 1600 juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɛnərəl bæn kənˈfərmz ðət 150 ˈjuˈɛn ˌpərsəˈnɛl ər ˈmɪsɪŋ əˈbaʊt 100 wər ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈjuˈɛn ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz, beɪst ɪn ə hoʊˈtɛl, wɪn ɪt kəˈlæpst. juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɛnərəl bæn kənˈfərmz ðət 150 ˈjuˈɛn ˌpərsəˈnɛl ər ˈmɪsɪŋ əˈbaʊt 100 wər ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈjuˈɛn ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz, beɪst ɪn ə hoʊˈtɛl, wɪn ɪt kəˈlæpst. 1555 dɔmɪˈnik strauss-kahn*, ðə ˈmænəʤɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə dɔmɪˈnik strauss-kahn*, ðə ˈmænəʤɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑnəˌtɛri fənd (imf*), sɪz £61m*) wɪl bi meɪd əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈheɪti "ˈvɛri kˈwɪkli", ɪn ðə fɔrm əv ɪkˈstɛndɪd loʊnz. 1546 ˈspænɪʃ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˌhoʊˈzeɪ luis rɑˈdrigɛz kɔlz ɔn ðə wərld tɪ riækt wɪθ "strɛŋθ ənd ˈɛnərʤi" tɪ ðə ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən ˈkraɪsəs ɪn ˈheɪti. hi sɪz speɪn, wɪʧ hoʊldz ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi, həz "ɔl ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd ɔl ðə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz" əv ðə ˈjunjən. ˈspænɪʃ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˌhoʊˈzeɪ luis rɑˈdrigɛz kɔlz ɔn ðə wərld tɪ riækt wɪθ "strɛŋθ ənd ˈɛnərʤi" tɪ ðə ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən ˈkraɪsəs ɪn ˈheɪti. hi sɪz speɪn, wɪʧ hoʊldz ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi, həz "ɔl ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd ɔl ðə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz" əv ðə ˈjunjən. 1540 ˌvɑlənˈtɪr ˈɛmərsən tæn, ˈhɛdɪŋ frəm ðə wɪθ nɑnˌgəvərnˈmɛntəl ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈimərʤənsi ˈmæpɪŋ fər eɪd ˈeɪʤənsiz, ˈiˌmeɪlz: "hæd tɪ ənˈloʊd ənd ʧɛk ɔl ðə kɪt, ðɛn ə lɔŋ sˈlipləs weɪt fər ðə ˈɛrˌkræft tɪ ʃoʊ əp. naʊ ɪts ɔl goʊ. dɔg timz ənd fərst wɪθ ˈhɛvi ˈrɛskju tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðɪs ˌæftərˈnun. rɪˈpɔrts frəm ðə graʊnd saʊnd bæd. θɪŋk ɪt wɪl bi ə lɔŋ deɪ." "hæd tɪ ənˈloʊd ənd ʧɛk ɔl ðə kɪt, ðɛn ə lɔŋ sˈlipləs weɪt fər ðə ˈɛrˌkræft tɪ ʃoʊ əp. naʊ ɪts ɔl goʊ. dɔg timz ənd fərst wɪθ ˈhɛvi ˈrɛskju tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðɪs ˌæftərˈnun. rɪˈpɔrts frəm ðə graʊnd saʊnd bæd. θɪŋk ɪt wɪl bi ə lɔŋ deɪ." 1540 ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˈdeɪvɪd ɪn dəˈmɪnəkən riˈpəblɪk sɪz: "ðə ɪz wən əv ðə fju ˈkəntriz huz sərʧ timz ər ˈklæsəˌfaɪd æt ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛn tɪ du soʊ kɔld ˈhɛvi ˈrɛˌskjuz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ bəroʊ dip ˈɪntu kəˈlæpst ˈbɪldɪŋz ənd brɪŋ aʊt sərˈvaɪvərz. ðə moʊst ˈvæljud ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈpɑrti ər tu hu wɪl goʊ ɪn fərst. ˈhɑli ənd ˈɛkoʊ ər treɪnd tɪ snɪf aʊt ðə ˈfeɪntəst ˈtreɪsɪz əv laɪf əˈmɪd ðə keɪɑs ənd smɛl əv dɛθ wɪʧ wɪl kənˈfrənt ðɛm ɪn ðə ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən əv ˈheɪti." "ðə ɪz wən əv ðə fju ˈkəntriz huz sərʧ timz ər ˈklæsəˌfaɪd æt ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛn tɪ du soʊ kɔld ˈhɛvi ˈrɛˌskjuz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ bəroʊ dip ˈɪntu kəˈlæpst ˈbɪldɪŋz ənd brɪŋ aʊt sərˈvaɪvərz. ðə moʊst ˈvæljud ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈpɑrti ər tu hu wɪl goʊ ɪn fərst. ˈhɑli ənd ˈɛkoʊ ər treɪnd tɪ snɪf aʊt ðə ˈfeɪntəst ˈtreɪsɪz əv laɪf əˈmɪd ðə keɪɑs ənd smɛl əv dɛθ wɪʧ wɪl kənˈfrənt ðɛm ɪn ðə ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən əv ˈheɪti." 1535 eɪd ˈeɪʤənsi eɪd ˈeɪʤənsi seɪv ðə ˈʧɪldrən sɪz ˈmɛni ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ˈheɪti wɪl bi "ˈpɛtrəˌfaɪd ənd ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər". ˈspoʊksmən ˈgɛrɪθ oʊən tɛlz ˈrɔɪtərz: "ˈmɛni wɪl hæv bɪn ˈɔrfənd ər bi ˈbædli ˈɪnʤərd ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd ɪn ˈərʤənt nid əv ˈmɛdɪkəl hɛlp. ˈθaʊzənz mɔr wɪl hæv lɔst ɔl ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðɛr ˈfæməliz ənd frɛndz ənd ər naʊ ˈstrəgəlɪŋ tɪ sərˈvaɪv əˈloʊn ɪn ðə ˈrəbəl." 1525 ˈlændən ˈjærɪŋtən iˈmeɪl frəm ˈpæˌspɔrts, kəmˈpjutərz, kloʊðz, ənd ˈmɛdəsən ər ɔl ˈbɛrid ɪn ðə haʊs wi wər steɪɪŋ. ɔl ðət wi hæv wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs naʊ ər ðə kloʊðz ɔn ɑr bæks. ɑr ˈpæˌspɔrts, kəmˈpjutərz, kloʊðz, ənd ˈmɛdəsən ər ɔl ˈbɛrid ɪn ðə haʊs wi wər steɪɪŋ. ɔl ðət wi hæv wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs naʊ ər ðə kloʊðz ɔn ɑr bæks. 1515 ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈaʊˌtlaɪnz ə ˈmæsɪv eɪd ˈɛfərt frəm ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd əˈnaʊnsɪz £61m*) ɪn rɪˈlif fəndz. hi sɪz ɪt wɪl teɪk taɪm fər ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ tɪ əraɪv ɪn ðə kweɪk zoʊn, bət ðət "hɛlp ɪz ɔn ðə weɪ". ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈaʊˌtlaɪnz ə ˈmæsɪv eɪd ˈɛfərt frəm ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd əˈnaʊnsɪz £61m*) ɪn rɪˈlif fəndz. hi sɪz ɪt wɪl teɪk taɪm fər ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ tɪ əraɪv ɪn ðə kweɪk zoʊn, bət ðət "hɛlp ɪz ɔn ðə weɪ". 1510 bɪl ˈklɪntən, ˈjuˈɛn ˈspɛʃəl ˈɛnvɔɪ tɪ ˈheɪti, həz bɪl ˈklɪntən, ˈjuˈɛn ˈspɛʃəl ˈɛnvɔɪ tɪ ˈheɪti, həz ˈrɪtən ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪkəli ɪn taɪm ˈmægəˌzin əˈbaʊt ˈheɪtiz fˈjuʧər: "ˌbiˈfɔr ðɪs dɪˈzæstər, ˈheɪti hæd ðə bɛst ʧæns ɪn maɪ ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm tɪ ɪts pəˈtɛnʃəl ɛz ə ˈkəntri, tɪ ˈbeɪsɪkli ɪˈskeɪp ðə ʧeɪnz əv ðə pæst 200 jɪrz. aɪ stɪl bɪˈliv ðət ɪf wi ˈræli əraʊnd ðɛm naʊ ənd səˈpɔrt ðɛm ɪn ðə raɪt weɪ, ðə ˈheɪʃən ˈpipəl kən riˈkleɪm ðɛr ˈdɛstəni." 1455 ˈfɔrmər ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts bɪl ˈklɪntən ənd ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju bʊʃ wɪl hɛlp wɪθ ðə dɪˈzæstər rɪˈlif ˈɛfərt, waɪt haʊs əˈfɪʃəlz tɛl nuz ˈeɪʤənsiz. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ meɪk ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈʃɔrtli. ˈfɔrmər ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts bɪl ˈklɪntən ənd ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju bʊʃ wɪl hɛlp wɪθ ðə dɪˈzæstər rɪˈlif ˈɛfərt, waɪt haʊs əˈfɪʃəlz tɛl nuz ˈeɪʤənsiz. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ meɪk ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈʃɔrtli. 1440 ruθ ˈnɔrbɛri, ɪn ˈbrɪstəl,, raɪts ɪn ən iˈmeɪl: "maɪ ˈhəzbənd ɪz frəm ˈheɪti ənd həz ə lɑrʤ ˈfæməli ðət lɪv ɪn, wɪʧ ɪz ɔn ðə ɛʤ əv ðə ˈsɪti. ɪt məst bi ə ˈmɪrəkəl bɪˈkəz ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈhaʊsɪz əraʊnd ðɛm ər ˈbroʊkən, ɔl 11 ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈfæməli ər stɪl əˈlaɪv ənd əˈnɪnʤərd ənd ðə haʊs ɪz ˈoʊˈkeɪ tu. ɔl aɪ kən seɪ tɪ ˈpipəl ɪz doʊnt gɪv əp hoʊp ʤɪst jɛt bɪˈkəz əˈməŋ ðə ˈdɑrknəs ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðɛr ɪz ə smɔl ˈglɪmər əv laɪt." "maɪ ˈhəzbənd ɪz frəm ˈheɪti ənd həz ə lɑrʤ ˈfæməli ðət lɪv ɪn, wɪʧ ɪz ɔn ðə ɛʤ əv ðə ˈsɪti. ɪt məst bi ə ˈmɪrəkəl bɪˈkəz ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈhaʊsɪz əraʊnd ðɛm ər ˈbroʊkən, ɔl 11 ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈfæməli ər stɪl əˈlaɪv ənd əˈnɪnʤərd ənd ðə haʊs ɪz ˈoʊˈkeɪ tu. ɔl aɪ kən seɪ tɪ ˈpipəl ɪz doʊnt gɪv əp hoʊp ʤɪst jɛt bɪˈkəz əˈməŋ ðə ˈdɑrknəs ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðɛr ɪz ə smɔl ˈglɪmər əv laɪt." 1438 ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən əv rɛd krɔs ənd rɛd ˈkrɛsənt səˈsaɪɪtiz (ifrc*) ənd ˌjʊrəˈpiən kəˈmɪʃən ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən eɪd (ˈɛkoʊ) hæv ˈteɪkən sərˈvaɪvərz plid fər eɪd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən əv rɛd krɔs ənd rɛd ˈkrɛsənt səˈsaɪɪtiz (ifrc*) ənd ˌjʊrəˈpiən kəˈmɪʃən ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən eɪd (ˈɛkoʊ) hæv ˈteɪkən ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˈɛriəl əˈsɛsmənt əv ðə ˈkæpɪtəl, ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns. 1420 ˈbrɪtɪʃ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈgɔrdən braʊn dɪˈskraɪbz ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ɛz ə "ˈtræʤədi bɪɔnd ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən". ˈbrɪtɪʃ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈgɔrdən braʊn dɪˈskraɪbz ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ɛz ə "ˈtræʤədi bɪɔnd ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən". 1413 ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛrˌbɔrn dɪˈvɪʒən wɪl hæv 100 ˈmɛmbərz ɪn ˈheɪti ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ə ˈspoʊksmən tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi. əˈnəðər 800 wɪl bi ðɛr baɪ ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ənd ðə rɛst əv ðə dɪˈvɪʒən ɪz ɔn ˈstændˈbaɪ ɪn keɪs ðeɪ ər ˈnidɪd. ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛrˌbɔrn dɪˈvɪʒən wɪl hæv 100 ˈmɛmbərz ɪn ˈheɪti ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ə ˈspoʊksmən tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi. əˈnəðər 800 wɪl bi ðɛr baɪ ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ənd ðə rɛst əv ðə dɪˈvɪʒən ɪz ɔn ˈstændˈbaɪ ɪn keɪs ðeɪ ər ˈnidɪd. 1411 ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ byrs*, ə ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən fər ðə ˈjuˈɛn, tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi wərld ˈsərvɪs: "ˈfaɪrmən hæv ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn træpt ɪn ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk soʊ ðɛr ləˈʤɪstɪkəl minz ər ˈvɛri pur ənd ðeɪ ˈkænɑt koʊp wɪθ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ðæts waɪ ɪts ˈvɛri ˈərʤənt tɪ brɪŋ ˈhɛvi məˈʃinəri tɪ riˈmuv ðə dəˈbri, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsɪvəl ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈæˌsɛts laɪk ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz ər ˈnidɪd, ˈgɪvɪn ðə bæd kənˈdɪʃənz əv ðə roʊdz." "ˈfaɪrmən hæv ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn træpt ɪn ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk soʊ ðɛr ləˈʤɪstɪkəl minz ər ˈvɛri pur ənd ðeɪ ˈkænɑt koʊp wɪθ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ðæts waɪ ɪts ˈvɛri ˈərʤənt tɪ brɪŋ ˈhɛvi məˈʃinəri tɪ riˈmuv ðə dəˈbri, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsɪvəl ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈæˌsɛts laɪk ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz ər ˈnidɪd, ˈgɪvɪn ðə bæd kənˈdɪʃənz əv ðə roʊdz." 1400 brʊk ˈdərbɪn, ə ˈtiʧər ɪn ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈheɪti, ˈiˌmeɪlz: "ðə wərst pɑrt əˈbaʊt ðə hoʊl θɪŋ ɪz nɑt biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ noʊ wət ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ ʤɪst 200 maɪəlz əˈweɪ. wət wi hir ɪz ɔl "hear-say*." wi hæv ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈɪntərˌnɛt, soʊ wi kænt ˈivɪn ʧɛk ˈmɛni nuz saɪts. aɪ tiʧ greɪd, ənd ˈmɛni (ɪf nɑt moʊst) əv maɪ ˈstudənts hæv səm ˈfæməli ðət ðeɪ kænt gɪt hoʊld əv." brʊk ˈdərbɪn, ə ˈtiʧər ɪn ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈheɪti, ˈiˌmeɪlz: "ðə wərst pɑrt əˈbaʊt ðə hoʊl θɪŋ ɪz nɑt biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ noʊ wət ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ ʤɪst 200 maɪəlz əˈweɪ. wət wi hir ɪz ɔl "hear-say*." wi hæv ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈɪntərˌnɛt, soʊ wi kænt ˈivɪn ʧɛk ˈmɛni nuz saɪts. aɪ tiʧ greɪd, ənd ˈmɛni (ɪf nɑt moʊst) əv maɪ ˈstudənts hæv səm ˈfæməli ðət ðeɪ kænt gɪt hoʊld əv." 1353 ə ˈsinjər waɪt haʊs ædˈvaɪzər sɛd ʃi wɑz lɛft "ˈspiʧləs" baɪ ˈkɑmɛnts frəm ˈjuˈɛs ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ɪˈvænʤəlɪst pæt ˈrɑbərtsən ðət ˈheɪʃənz hæd meɪd "ə pækt tɪ ðə ˈdɛvəl". ˈvæləri ˈʤɛrət toʊld ˈeɪˌbiˌsiz ə ˈsinjər waɪt haʊs ædˈvaɪzər sɛd ʃi wɑz lɛft "ˈspiʧləs" baɪ ˈkɑmɛnts frəm ˈjuˈɛs ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ɪˈvænʤəlɪst pæt ˈrɑbərtsən ðət ˈheɪʃənz hæd meɪd "ə pækt tɪ ðə ˈdɛvəl". ˈvæləri ˈʤɛrət toʊld ˈeɪˌbiˌsiz gʊd ˈmɔrnɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkə: "ðæts nɑt ðə ˈætəˌtud ðət ɪkˈsprɛsɪz ðə ˈspɪrɪt əv ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ər ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl, soʊ aɪ θɔt ɪt wɑz ə ˈprɪti ˈstənɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnt tɪ meɪk." 1346 ðə əˈmɛrɪkən rɛd krɔs tweets*: "ju hæv ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd ˈnɪrli tɪ rɛd krɔs ˈərθkˌweɪk rɪˈlif ˈɛfərts ɪn ˈheɪti. θæŋk ju. kip ɪt əp." "ju hæv ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd ˈnɪrli tɪ rɛd krɔs ˈərθkˌweɪk rɪˈlif ˈɛfərts ɪn ˈheɪti. θæŋk ju. kip ɪt əp." ˈheɪti: haʊ tɪ hɛlp 1338 talleyrand*, ɪn jacmel*, ˈheɪti, həz sɛnt ðɪs ˈpɪkʧər tɪ ðə ˌbibiˈsi, ʃoʊɪŋ ˈpipəl ˈgæðərd æt ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri kæmp æt ən ˈɛrˌpɔrt ɪn ˈheɪti. "ðɛr ər ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl ðɛr ðət nid mɔr tɛnts, ʃits, ənd soʊ ɔn, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæv ˈoʊnli 3 tɛnts ðət kən ˈoʊnli prəˈtɛkt 50 ˈpipəl iʧ," ʃi sɛd. 1334 ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɑrmi ɪz ˈsɛndɪŋ əp tɪ ˈsoʊlʤərz tɪ ˈheɪti, əˈfɪʃəlz kˈwoʊtɪd baɪ ˈrɔɪtərz seɪ. ðə fərst 100 ər ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ əraɪv sun. ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɑrmi ɪz ˈsɛndɪŋ əp tɪ ˈsoʊlʤərz tɪ ˈheɪti, əˈfɪʃəlz kˈwoʊtɪd baɪ ˈrɔɪtərz seɪ. ðə fərst 100 ər ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ əraɪv sun. 1325 ˈheɪʃən ˈæktər ˈʤɪmi ˌʒɑnluˈi, hu stɑrd ɪn ðə ˈhɪroʊz ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsɪriz, tɛlz ˈheɪʃən ˈæktər ˈʤɪmi ˌʒɑnluˈi, hu stɑrd ɪn ðə ˈhɪroʊz ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsɪriz, tɛlz ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn hi həz nɑt bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt hɪz ˈpɛrənts ɪn sɪns ðə kweɪk. "aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ˈpipəl hæv ˈɛni aɪˈdiə haʊ ˈtɛrəbəl ðɪs ɪz," hi sɪz. 1321 barrau*, ə ˈheɪʃən ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn maɪˈæmi, həz ˈstɑrtɪd əp ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt fər ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈpərsənz. hi sɪz: "əm ˈrɪli ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ðɛr ər soʊ fju sərˈvaɪvərz. aɪ spoʊk tɪ ə frɛnd hu hɛlpt gɪt faɪv ˈpipəl aʊt əv ə kəˈlæpst ˈsupərˌmɑrkɪt, ʤɪst faɪv ˈpipəl. aɪv hərd əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl biɪŋ əˈlaɪv wən deɪ ənd stək ˈəndər ðə ˈrəbəl, bət hu doʊnt meɪk ɪt." 1319 tweets*: "ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ðɛr wɑz ˈoʊnli wən gæs ˈsteɪʃən ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn taʊn ðət aɪ sɔ ənd ɪt wɑz ə mɑb sin. noʊ ˈvaɪələns bət ɪt wɑz ˈvɛri ˌɪnˈtɛns." 1315 ˈʧərʧɪz, ˈbɑrbər ʃɑps ənd smɔl ʃɑps ɪn ˈheɪʃən ˈɛriəz əv maɪˈæmi hæv bɪn kəˈlɛktɪŋ doʊˈneɪʃənz tɪ sɛnd tɪ frɛndz ənd ˈrɛlətɪvz. "maɪ ˈbɑdi ɪz ɪn maɪˈæmi bət maɪ maɪnd ɪz ɪn ˈheɪti," ˈflɛʧər tuˈsæn, ə jəŋ ˈɪməgrənt, tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi. əˈweɪtɪŋ nuz frəm hoʊm ˈʧərʧɪz, ˈbɑrbər ʃɑps ənd smɔl ʃɑps ɪn ˈheɪʃən ˈɛriəz əv maɪˈæmi hæv bɪn kəˈlɛktɪŋ doʊˈneɪʃənz tɪ sɛnd tɪ frɛndz ənd ˈrɛlətɪvz. "maɪ ˈbɑdi ɪz ɪn maɪˈæmi bət maɪ maɪnd ɪz ɪn ˈheɪti," ˈflɛʧər tuˈsæn, ə jəŋ ˈɪməgrənt, tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi. 1310 tu deɪz ˈæftər ðə dɪˈzæstər strək, ˈpipəl spik əv stɪl ˈhirɪŋ ˈvɔɪsɪz kraɪɪŋ frəm ðə ˈrəbəl. tu deɪz ˈæftər ðə dɪˈzæstər strək, ˈpipəl spik əv stɪl ˈhirɪŋ ˈvɔɪsɪz kraɪɪŋ frəm ðə ˈrəbəl. 1309 ˈgugəl ənd hæv pʊt təˈgɛðər səm ˈgugəl ənd hæv pʊt təˈgɛðər səm nu ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ˈheɪti, ˈteɪkən ˈæftər ðə kweɪk ənd ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt əv ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən. 1303 ðə ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər əv ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ə ˈkəntri wɪʧ həz ˈsəfərd ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈzæstərz ɪn ðə pæst ɪkˈsprɛst kənˈdoʊlənsəz tɪ ˈheɪti. "ɛz ə ˈkəntri ðət həz bɪn ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd baɪ ə ˈsɪmələr ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, wi ər ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈsædənd baɪ wəts ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪn ˈheɪti," sɛd ˈmɑrti natalegawa*. ðə ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər əv ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ə ˈkəntri wɪʧ həz ˈsəfərd ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈzæstərz ɪn ðə pæst ɪkˈsprɛst kənˈdoʊlənsəz tɪ ˈheɪti. "ɛz ə ˈkəntri ðət həz bɪn ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd baɪ ə ˈsɪmələr ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, wi ər ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈsædənd baɪ wəts ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪn ˈheɪti," sɛd ˈmɑrti natalegawa*. 1257 ˈheɪʃən kɑˈrɛl tɛlz ˌbibiˈsis ˈheɪʃən kɑˈrɛl tɛlz ˌbibiˈsis ˈnuˌzaʊr hi həz sin ə lɔt əv dɛd ˈbɑdiz ənd kəˈlæpst ˈbɪldɪŋz. "aɪv sin ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl kraɪɪŋ fər hɛlp, aɪv sin ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl ˈhoʊmləs, ˈhɛlpləs. aɪ si ə ˈkəntri ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd, aɪ si waʊ aɪ hæv ˈwɪtnəst ə dɪˈzæstər ənd aɪ θɪŋk ðæts ðə ˈbɪgəst dɪˈzæstər aɪv ˈɛvər sin ɪn maɪ laɪf." 1254 ðə ˈjuˈɛn sɪz əp tɪ 200 əv ɪts stæf, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpiˌskipərz, ər ˌənəˈkaʊntɪd fər. bɪtˈwin 50 ənd 100 kʊd bi træpt ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛn ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns. ðə ˈjuˈɛn sɪz əp tɪ 200 əv ɪts stæf, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpiˌskipərz, ər ˌənəˈkaʊntɪd fər. bɪtˈwin 50 ənd 100 kʊd bi træpt ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛn ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns. 1253 tweets*: "ˈkərəntli ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ əˈnəðər ˈæftərˌʃɑk ðeɪ ər stɪl ˈkəmɪŋ hæd ə ˈkəpəl strɔŋ wənz ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ənd læst naɪt." 1250 pɔl conneally*, ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə ˌbibiˈsi wərld ˈsərvɪs ðət kənˈdɪʃənz hæv bɪn əˈpɔlɪŋ. "ðə ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən ɪz ʤɪst ɛz ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv frəm ðə ɛr ɛz ɪt ɪz frəm ðə graʊnd. ju mɪks ðɪs wɪθ ˈfæktərz səʧ ɛz ðə ɔˈrɛdi ˌɪmˈpɑvrɪʃt ənd ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˈkəntri, ðə fækt ðət ɪt wɑz stɪl ʤɪst rɪˈkəvərɪŋ frəm ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəs ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈzæstərz ɪn ðə ˈrisənt pæst ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə sɪˈnɛrioʊ ðət lidz tɪ ə ˈvɛri ˈpɑzətɪv prɑgˈnoʊsəs." pɔl conneally*, ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə rɛd krɔs ɪn ˈheɪti, tɛlz wərld ˈsərvɪs ðət kənˈdɪʃənz hæv bɪn əˈpɔlɪŋ. "ðə ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən ɪz ʤɪst ɛz ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv frəm ðə ɛr ɛz ɪt ɪz frəm ðə graʊnd. ju mɪks ðɪs wɪθ ˈfæktərz səʧ ɛz ðə ɔˈrɛdi ˌɪmˈpɑvrɪʃt ənd ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˈkəntri, ðə fækt ðət ɪt wɑz stɪl ʤɪst rɪˈkəvərɪŋ frəm ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəs ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈzæstərz ɪn ðə ˈrisənt pæst ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə sɪˈnɛrioʊ ðət lidz tɪ ə ˈvɛri ˈpɑzətɪv prɑgˈnoʊsəs." 1245 ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən sɪz ðə dɛθ toʊl wɪl riʧ "tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz" ənd ðə eɪd wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ə "ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈɛfərt". ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən sɪz ðə dɛθ toʊl wɪl riʧ "tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz" ənd ðə eɪd wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ə "ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈɛfərt". 1243 tweets*: "ðə strits ər naʊ ˈheɪtiz ˈlɪvɪŋ rum ənd ˈbɛˌdrum wɪθ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ kloʊzd. ˈməni, fud, drɪŋks, səˈplaɪz, ˈrɑtɪŋ ˈbɑdiz, frəˈstreɪʃən, ˌɪmˈpeɪʃəns, dɪˈspɛr wɪl ɔl bɪˈkəm ə həz hæd məʧ dɪˈstrəkʃən, skul kɪdz kɔt ɪn kəˈlæpsɪŋ ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən ɪz soʊ ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ðət ðə foʊks hu ʃʊd bi ˈhɛlpɪŋ, ər ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈteɪkɪŋ kɛr əv ðɛr oʊn ˈɪʃuz." 1235 ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˈmæθju praɪs æt ə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns sɪz: "ðə smɛl ɪz ˈnɔʒiˌeɪtɪŋ. ˈbɑdiz laɪ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ɔn ðə lɔn, əˈməŋ ðɛm laɪ ðə ˈɪnʤərd ənd ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə skrimz ənd əv ðoʊz ɪn peɪn ˈɛkoʊ daʊn ðə ˈkɔrɪdərz." pliz tərn ɔn ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt. ˈmidiə rikˈwaɪərz ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt tɪ pleɪ. "ðə smɛl ɪz ˈnɔʒiˌeɪtɪŋ. ˈbɑdiz laɪ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ɔn ðə lɔn, əˈməŋ ðɛm laɪ ðə ˈɪnʤərd ənd ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə skrimz ənd əv ðoʊz ɪn peɪn ˈɛkoʊ daʊn ðə ˈkɔrɪdərz." 1210 ˈdeɪvɪd darg*, ən eɪd ˈwərkər wɪθ ˈdeɪvɪd darg*, ən eɪd ˈwərkər wɪθ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈblɛsɪŋ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɔn hɪz weɪ tɪ ˈheɪti frəm maɪˈæmi, tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈnaɪtˌmɛrɪʃ: "aɪ ˈsɪftɪd θru ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt fər rɪˈpɔrts əv ˈdæmɪʤ ənd ˈkʊdənt bɪˈliv ðə ˈhɔrər ənˈfoʊldɪŋ ɪn ə ˈneɪʃən ðət həz ɔˈrɛdi ɪnˈdʊrd soʊ məʧ. ə deɪ ðət ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ˈfɪksɪŋ ə ˈbroʊkən suər tərnd ˈɪntu ə deɪ əv ə ˈbroʊkən ˈsɪti." ˈheɪti eɪd ˈwərkər ˈdaɪəri 1202 ˈstivən ˈwɑtsən, ɪn ˈkɪŋstən, ʤəˈmeɪkə, wɑz ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ə ˈpɪˌkəp trək ɪn ˈkɪŋstən, ʤəˈmeɪkə ənd ɪt ʃʊk fər əˈbaʊt 30 ˈsɛkəndz. ɪt fɛlt laɪk ə freɪt treɪn wɑz ˈpæsɪŋ kloʊz baɪ. maɪ θɔts ənd prɛrz ər wɪθ ðə ˈheɪʃən ˈpipəl æt ðɪs taɪm." "aɪ wɑz ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ə ˈpɪˌkəp trək ɪn ˈkɪŋstən, ʤəˈmeɪkə ənd ɪt ʃʊk fər əˈbaʊt 30 ˈsɛkəndz. ɪt fɛlt laɪk ə freɪt treɪn wɑz ˈpæsɪŋ kloʊz baɪ. maɪ θɔts ənd prɛrz ər wɪθ ðə ˈheɪʃən ˈpipəl æt ðɪs taɪm." 1150 talleyrand*, ɪn jacmel*, ˈheɪti, həz sɛnt ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv hər hoʊm taʊn tɪ ðə ˌbibiˈsi, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðɪs wən əv ə ˈnuli bɪlt hoʊˈtɛl naʊ ɪn ruɪnz. 1142 ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˈdeɪvɪd ɪn ðə dəˈmɪnəkən riˈpəblɪk sɪz: "ə tim əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ faɪər ˈɔfɪsərz frəm ˈsɛvən ˈriʤənz hæv əraɪvd ənd ər naʊ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛr weɪ ɪn ə laɪt pleɪn tɪ ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈheɪti tɪ hɛlp ɪn ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈrɛskju. ðeɪ ər ˈkɛriɪŋ səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈlɪsənɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt tɪ dɪˈtɛkt laɪf." "ə tim əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ faɪər ˈɔfɪsərz frəm ˈsɛvən ˈriʤənz hæv əraɪvd ənd ər naʊ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛr weɪ ɪn ə laɪt pleɪn tɪ ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈheɪti tɪ hɛlp ɪn ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈrɛskju. ðeɪ ər ˈkɛriɪŋ səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈlɪsənɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt tɪ dɪˈtɛkt laɪf." 1135 ˈɪmənʊl ˈkɛnɪθ, ˈɪndiə, ˈiˌmeɪlz: "maɪ əˈmɛrɪkən frɛnd wɑz ɪn ˈheɪti tɪ si hər ˈbrəðər hu ɪz ə ˈdɔktər ɪn ˈheɪti. aɪ læst spoʊk tɪ hər ɔn skaɪp ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 12 aɪ hæv hæd noʊ ˈkɑnˌtækt sɪns ðɛn. aɪ preɪ ðət ʃi ɪz seɪf." "maɪ əˈmɛrɪkən frɛnd wɑz ɪn ˈheɪti tɪ si hər ˈbrəðər hu ɪz ə ˈdɔktər ɪn ˈheɪti. aɪ læst spoʊk tɪ hər ɔn skaɪp ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 12 aɪ hæv hæd noʊ ˈkɑnˌtækt sɪns ðɛn. aɪ preɪ ðət ʃi ɪz seɪf." 1126 ˈheɪtiz æmˈbæsədər tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛn, ˈlioʊ merores*, tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi wərld ˈsərvɪs ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz stɪl ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt rəˈneɪ ˈprivæl ənd praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ər əˈsɛsɪŋ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns. "ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðə sərˈvaɪvərz ənd ˈpʊlɪŋ aʊt ðə dɛd həz ˈbeɪgən. bət ɪts ən ɪkˈstrimli sloʊ ˈprɔˌsɛs bɪˈkəz soʊ ˈmɛni ˈbɪldɪŋz hæv bɪn kəmˈplitli dɪˈstrɔɪd," hi sɪz. ˈheɪtiz æmˈbæsədər tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛn, ˈlioʊ merores*, tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi wərld ˈsərvɪs ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz stɪl ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt rəˈneɪ ˈprivæl ənd praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ər əˈsɛsɪŋ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns. "ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðə sərˈvaɪvərz ənd ˈpʊlɪŋ aʊt ðə dɛd həz ˈbeɪgən. bət ɪts ən ɪkˈstrimli sloʊ ˈprɔˌsɛs bɪˈkəz soʊ ˈmɛni ˈbɪldɪŋz hæv bɪn kəmˈplitli dɪˈstrɔɪd," hi sɪz. 1124 ðə ˈjuˈɛn sɪz 100 əv ɪts stæf ər stɪl ˌənəˈkaʊntɪd fər ˈæftər ðə kweɪk, ðə nuz ˈeɪʤənsi rɪˈpɔrts. ðə ˈjuˈɛn sɪz 100 əv ɪts stæf ər stɪl ˌənəˈkaʊntɪd fər ˈæftər ðə kweɪk, ðə nuz ˈeɪʤənsi rɪˈpɔrts. 1121 neupane*, kathmandu*, nəˈpɔl, ˈiˌmeɪlz: "aɪ wɑz ʃɑkt tɪ lərn ðə nuz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈərθkˌweɪk ənd ˈbroʊkən kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ˈʧænəlz. θæŋks tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt maɪ ˈəŋkəl, hu ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ ˈəndər ˈjuˈɛn ˈpiˌskipɪŋ fɔrs ɪn ˈheɪti, wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɛnd mi ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ðət hi ɪz seɪf. meɪ ðə rɪˈlif riʧ ðə ˈpipəl sun." "aɪ wɑz ʃɑkt tɪ lərn ðə nuz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈərθkˌweɪk ənd ˈbroʊkən kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ˈʧænəlz. θæŋks tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt maɪ ˈəŋkəl, hu ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ ˈəndər ˈjuˈɛn ˈpiˌskipɪŋ fɔrs ɪn ˈheɪti, wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɛnd mi ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ðət hi ɪz seɪf. meɪ ðə rɪˈlif riʧ ðə ˈpipəl sun." 1110 ðə ˌbibiˈsis ʤæk ˈɪzərd sɪz ˈoʊnli ə ˈtrɪkəl əv eɪd flaɪts hæv əraɪvd ɪn ˈheɪti soʊ fɑr bət ðət wɪl ˌɪnˈkris ɛz ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən pɪks əp spid. ðə fərst flaɪts wɪl bi ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈimərʤənsi fud ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl səˈplaɪz, ðɛn ˈhɛvi ˈlɪftɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt wɪl əraɪv tɪ muv ðə ˈrəbəl. ðə ˌbibiˈsis ʤæk ˈɪzərd sɪz ˈoʊnli ə ˈtrɪkəl əv eɪd flaɪts hæv əraɪvd ɪn ˈheɪti soʊ fɑr bət ðət wɪl ˌɪnˈkris ɛz ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən pɪks əp spid. ðə fərst flaɪts wɪl bi ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈimərʤənsi fud ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl səˈplaɪz, ðɛn ˈhɛvi ˈlɪftɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt wɪl əraɪv tɪ muv ðə ˈrəbəl. eɪd flaɪts əraɪv ɪn ˈheɪti 1052 ðə rɛd krɔs sɪz ðət sɪns ðə kweɪk, ˈheɪʃənz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 148 ˈpipəl ɪn ˈheɪti "seɪɪŋ ðeɪ wər əˈlaɪv" hæv ˈrɛʤɪstərd ɔn ɪts ðə rɛd krɔs sɪz ðət sɪns ðə kweɪk, ˈheɪʃənz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 148 ˈpipəl ɪn ˈheɪti "seɪɪŋ ðeɪ wər əˈlaɪv" hæv ˈrɛʤɪstərd ɔn ɪts ˈwɛbˌsaɪt wɪʧ hɛlps træk daʊn ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz 1047 ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən həz əraɪvd bæk ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs tɪ dil wɪθ ðə ˈkəntriz rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə kweɪk, ˈæftər ˈkətɪŋ ʃɔrt ə tʊr əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljə, nu ˈzilənd ənd ˈpæpjuə nu ˈgɪni. ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən həz əraɪvd bæk ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs tɪ dil wɪθ ðə ˈkəntriz rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə kweɪk, ˈæftər ˈkətɪŋ ʃɔrt ə tʊr əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljə, nu ˈzilənd ənd ˈpæpjuə nu ˈgɪni. 1028 ˈkəntriz əraʊnd ðə wərld ər ˈskræmbəlɪŋ tɪ sɛnd əˈsɪstəns tɪ ˈheɪti. əˈməŋ ˈəðərz, ˈʧaɪnə həz sɛnt 10 tənz əv tɛnts ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪkˈwɪpmənt, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kəˈmɪʃən həz plɛʤd £2.7m*: ˈjʊrə), ˈɪzriəl ɪz ˈsɛndɪŋ ən ɪˈlit ˈɑrmi ˈrɛskju ˈjunɪt əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ənd ˈdɑktərz ənd ˈjuˈɛs ˈneɪvi ˈvɛsəlz ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛr weɪ ðɛr ˌeɪˈpi rɪˈpɔrts. ˈkəntriz əraʊnd ðə wərld ər ˈskræmbəlɪŋ tɪ sɛnd əˈsɪstəns tɪ ˈheɪti. əˈməŋ ˈəðərz, ˈʧaɪnə həz sɛnt 10 tənz əv tɛnts ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪkˈwɪpmənt, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kəˈmɪʃən həz plɛʤd £2.7m*: ˈjʊrə), ˈɪzriəl ɪz ˈsɛndɪŋ ən ɪˈlit ˈɑrmi ˈrɛskju ˈjunɪt əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ənd ˈdɑktərz ənd ˈjuˈɛs ˈneɪvi ˈvɛsəlz ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛr weɪ ðɛr ˌeɪˈpi rɪˈpɔrts. 1024 ðə ðə maɪˈæmi ˈhɛrəld həz ˈpɪkʧərz əv eɪd ˈlivɪŋ ˈflɔrɪdə fər ˈheɪti ənd əv ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈheɪʃən kəmˈjunɪti ˈhoʊldɪŋ prɛr ˈvɪʤəlz fər ðə ˈkəntri. 1013 ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˈmæθju praɪs ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns sɪz: "ɪt ɪz ðə saɪt ðət əˈweɪts ju ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl graʊnz ðət ɪz moʊst əˈlɑrmɪŋ. ɪt ɪz ɛz ɪf ə ˈmæsəkər həz bɪn ˈpərpəˌtreɪtɪd hir." "ɪt ɪz ðə saɪt ðət əˈweɪts ju ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl graʊnz ðət ɪz moʊst əˈlɑrmɪŋ. ɪt ɪz ɛz ɪf ə ˈmæsəkər həz bɪn ˈpərpəˌtreɪtɪd hir." sˈlipɪŋ əˈməŋ ðə dɛd 1010 ˈlɔrə ˈbɪkəl, ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ən ˈɔrfənəʤ ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns, tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi wərld ˈsərvɪs ðə ɪˈnɔrməti əv ðə dɪˈzæstər ɪz hɑrd tɪ ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnd. "ɔl ðə pɑrks ər fɪld wɪθ ˈpipəl ðeɪ ˈiðər hæv noʊ hoʊm tɪ goʊ tɪ ər ðeɪ ər tu skɛrd tɪ goʊ hoʊm. ðeɪ ər ˈpʊlɪŋ ˈpipəl aʊt əv ðə ˈrəbəl, ˈlɪtərəli, bləd ˈrənɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈgətər laɪk ˈwɔtər." ˈlɔrə ˈbɪkəl, ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ən ˈɔrfənəʤ ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns, tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi wərld ˈsərvɪs ðə ɪˈnɔrməti əv ðə dɪˈzæstər ɪz hɑrd tɪ ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnd. "ɔl ðə pɑrks ər fɪld wɪθ ˈpipəl ðeɪ ˈiðər hæv noʊ hoʊm tɪ goʊ tɪ ər ðeɪ ər tu skɛrd tɪ goʊ hoʊm. ðeɪ ər ˈpʊlɪŋ ˈpipəl aʊt əv ðə ˈrəbəl, ˈlɪtərəli, bləd ˈrənɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈgətər laɪk ˈwɔtər." 1005 ðə ðə dɪˈzæstərz ˈimərʤənsi kəˈmɪti (dɛk) ɪn ðə həz lɔnʧt ən əˈpil fər doʊˈneɪʃənz. 0948 bɛˈlɪndə luescher*, ə ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən fər ðə bɛˈlɪndə luescher*, ə ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən fər ðə wərld fud ˈproʊˌgræm (wfp*), tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi eɪd ˈeɪʤənsiz hæv ə "juʤ tæsk" əˈhɛd əv ðɛm ɪn ˈheɪti. "ðə ˈpipəl əv ˈheɪti nid ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ, ənd ðeɪ nid ɪt naʊ. ʤɪst ɪn ə ˈnɔrməl deɪ ðə wərld fud ˈproʊˌgræm wɪl bi ˈfidɪŋ wən ər tu ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl ɪn ˈheɪti ənd naʊ wi nid tɪ du ˈivɪn mɔr, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈpipəl hæv lɔst ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ." 0942 ðə ˌbibiˈsis nɪk ˈdeɪvɪs ɪn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns sɪz: "ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈmɔrʧuˌɛri bɪg ɪˈnəf fər ðə ˈnəmbərz hu hæv daɪd. ðə ˈoʊnli saɪn əv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ biɪŋ dən ɪz ə kəˈmərʃəl væn ˈɔntu wɪʧ pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz ər ˈstækɪŋ ˈbɑdiz." "ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈmɔrʧuˌɛri bɪg ɪˈnəf fər ðə ˈnəmbərz hu hæv daɪd. ðə ˈoʊnli saɪn əv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ biɪŋ dən ɪz ə kəˈmərʃəl væn ˈɔntu wɪʧ pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz ər ˈstækɪŋ ˈbɑdiz." ə ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd ˈsɪti 0933 kɑˈrɛl tweets*: "ðə læst ˈæftərˌʃɑk wɑz ʃɔrt bət ðɛr ər ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl ˈhoʊmləs ənd ˈhɛlpləs ɔn ðə strits 70 ˈmɪnəts əv slip sɪns ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈæftərˌʃɑk əv ðə deɪ. ˈheɪti ɪz sɪl ˈʃeɪkɪŋ!! hɛlp!!... naʊ wi nid tɪ bi organised*. lɛts meɪk ɪt ˈhæpən, ˈpipəl. ˈheɪti nidz ju." ɪn ðə: ˈbrɪtɪʃ rɛd krɔs, ˈkrɪsʧɪn eɪd, ˈɑksˌfæm, ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs: ˈmərsi kɔrz, əˈmɛrɪkən rɛd krɔs, ˈjunəˌsɛf ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ, ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈɔrfən ˈprɑʤɛkt, ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈrɛskju kəˈmɪti ðiz ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz ˈɔlsoʊ hæv weɪz tɪ ˈdoʊˌneɪt: ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl rɛd krɔs, ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɛdɪkəl kɔrz, ˈmɛdɪˌsɪnz sænz frɑnˈtjɛrz, seɪv ðə ˈʧɪldrən, actionaid*, ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl rɪˈlif ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt wi wɪl kip ju ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd wɪθ rɪˈlif ˈɛfərts ɛz ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kəmz ɪn. 0912 maɪk ˈtɑməs, ðə ˈrɛskju rɪˈspɑns ɪn ˈheɪti, tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi hɪz timz praɪˈɔrəti wɪl bi tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈɛriəz wɛr ˈpipəl ər træpt əˈlaɪv ɪn ˈrəbəl. "wɪr ˈhoʊpɪŋ wi kən gɪt ɑr dɔgz ðɛr kˈwɪkli, ðɛl bi ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl ɪn ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈtərgət ðoʊz ˈɛriəz," hi sɪz. maɪk ˈtɑməs, ðə ˈrɛskju rɪˈspɑns ɪn ˈheɪti, tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi hɪz timz praɪˈɔrəti wɪl bi tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈɛriəz wɛr ˈpipəl ər træpt əˈlaɪv ɪn ˈrəbəl. "wɪr ˈhoʊpɪŋ wi kən gɪt ɑr dɔgz ðɛr kˈwɪkli, ðɛl bi ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl ɪn ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈtərgət ðoʊz ˈɛriəz," hi sɪz. 0907 tweets*: "ˈpipəl ɪn ðə strits ər ˈʧæntɪŋ ɛz ðə naɪt ˈsɛtəlz. ˈpipəl lɔst ðɛr ˈhaʊsɪz ənd ər sˈlipɪŋ ɔn ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz ɪn ðə strits." 0850 hɑn əv hɑn əv ˈjunəˌsɛf tɛlz ðə ˌbibiˈsi ðət ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈmidiə ˈfoʊkɪs həz bɪn ɔn ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns, ˈəðər taʊnz ɪn ˈheɪti hæv bɪn "ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri səˈvɪrli əˈfɛktɪd". 0832 ðə ðə ˈjuˈɛn sɪz ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ˈkæpɪtəl, ˌpɔrtoʊˈprɪns, ɪz "ˈmæsɪv ənd brɔd," wɪθ pərˈhæps ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv hoʊmz dɪˈstrɔɪd ˈrɔɪtərz rɪˈpɔrt. 0830 tweets*: ʤərɑrd ʧərʧ ənd ðə skul bɪˈhaɪnd ɪt ər dɪˈstrɔɪd. ˈpipəl ər əˈlaɪv ɪn ðə ˈrəbəl. aɪ lʊk æt ðə skaɪ, si ðə stɑrz, ənd ɪts ɛz ɪf ˈnəθɪŋ wɑz rɔŋ. ðə ˈsɪŋɪŋ, ðə preɪɪŋ ənd ðə ˈsaɪrənz brɪŋ mi bæk tɪ ˌriˈæləˌti." ʤərɑrd ʧərʧ ənd ðə skul bɪˈhaɪnd ɪt ər dɪˈstrɔɪd. ˈpipəl ər əˈlaɪv ɪn ðə ˈrəbəl. aɪ lʊk æt ðə skaɪ, si ðə stɑrz, ənd ɪts ɛz ɪf ˈnəθɪŋ wɑz rɔŋ. ðə ˈsɪŋɪŋ, ðə preɪɪŋ ənd ðə ˈsaɪrənz brɪŋ mi bæk tɪ ˌriˈæləˌti." 0816 ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˈmæθju praɪs ɪn ˈheɪti sɪz: ɪn ˈpleɪsɪz ðɛr ɪz ˈbɛrli ˈɛniˌθɪŋ lɛft əv ðɪs ˈsɪti. ənd soʊ fɑr ðə ˈpipəl ər ˈlɑrʤli ˈhævɪŋ tɪ koʊp ɔn ðɛr oʊn. fər səm, ðə ˈoʊnli hoʊp ɪz tɪ dɪg wɪθ ðɛr bɛr hænz. ðɪs ɪz ə reɪs əˈgɛnst taɪm. ðɪs ˈkəntri soʊ ˈɔfən fərˈgɑtən baɪ ðə wərld naʊ nidz ɪts hɛlp mɔr ðən ˈɛvər. ɪn ˈpleɪsɪz ðɛr ɪz ˈbɛrli ˈɛniˌθɪŋ lɛft əv ðɪs ˈsɪti. ənd soʊ fɑr ðə ˈpipəl ər ˈlɑrʤli ˈhævɪŋ tɪ koʊp ɔn ðɛr oʊn. fər səm, ðə ˈoʊnli hoʊp ɪz tɪ dɪg wɪθ ðɛr bɛr hænz. ðɪs ɪz ə reɪs əˈgɛnst taɪm. ðɪs ˈkəntri soʊ ˈɔfən fərˈgɑtən baɪ ðə wərld naʊ nidz ɪts hɛlp mɔr ðən ˈɛvər.

(cnn) the story about a police officer in illinois becomes more convoluted by the day. investigators interviewed a woman who said the officer asked for help finding a gang member to kill the administrator, lake county major task force member christopher covelli said. when authorities talked to the gang member, he denied having a conversation with about a hit, covelli said. no other evidence was found about a hit. at a press conference, fox lake village administrator anne marrin was asked how it felt to know a police officer apparently wanted her dead. "unsettling," she said of the inquiry. "it's quite unbelievable and almost surreal." marrin said she was asking questions about the youth group that police say was stealing from. she said she didn't know about' plans until after his death and doesn't feel in danger now. "even though these threats were made months ago, i take these threats very seriously," she said. the hit man revelation is the latest turn in a story that has shaken fox lake, a community northwest of chicago. gliniewicz, a veteran officer with 30 years experience, was found shot to death on september 1 after he radioed that he was chasing suspects into a wooded area while on patrol. no arrests were made. the community mourned the military veteran known as g.i. joe. authorities didn't truly suspect had killed himself until about two weeks ago, when bank statements and text messages revealed the extent of his stealing, said george filenko, lake county major crimes task force commander. money taken from explorers post gliniewicz stole "tens of thousands" of dollars from the explorers post, an organization for youths interested in law enforcement careers, marrin said. the police department sponsored the group and was the leader. investigators said he used the money to pay his mortgage and other expenses. marrin said her relations with were always cordial. "we never fought," she said. "there were no harsh words." but he was reluctant to provide information about the explorers. she asked for but didn't receive schedules of activities, a list of members or parental consent forms, she said. "they didn't have a budget," marrin said. "that was part of the problem." a day or two before' death, she asked for an inventory of equipment owned by the explorers, she said. he didn't provide it by the deadline and she asked again. "his email said, 'i will have that information for you by noon or 1 o'clock at the latest,' " she said. that was on september 1. was found dead later that day. the lieutenant sent word over his radio at a.m. that he was pursuing a trio on foot. three minutes later, he requested backup. radio communication dropped off. colleagues would not hear's voice again. the backups arrived about 8 a.m. and a few minutes later found dead. his body was roughly 50 yards from his cruiser, police said. the officer's .40-caliber pistol was found at the scene. a massive manhunt followed, with 400 law enforcement officers looking through the woods around the crime scene and helicopters hovered overhead. gliniewicz was wearing a bulletproof vest at the time he was shot, according to two law enforcement officials briefed on the investigation. one of the officials said two shots hit -- one stopped by his bulletproof vest, and another entered his torso at a downward angle. recovered text messages gliniewicz had deleted text messages, said. investigators spent weeks recovering them. in one messages that police released, talked about how much he disliked marrin. "we have a new village administrator that is a power monger and is trying to control everything in the village," said, adding that many officers were considering retirement. the officer allegedly had discussed causing harm to marrin. "hopefully she decides to get a couple of drinks in her and she gets a dui," said a person identified as "individual #2." gliniewicz replied, "she does, but not around here and no one knows where. trust me thought through many scenarios from planting things to the bog!" apparently he meant the bog, a state park with a lake near fox lake. after' death, investigators found packets of cocaine in his desk. authorities haven't said whether those were the "things" he considered planting in her car. the evidence bag with cocaine was not marked and it did not have a case number on it, investigators said. the toxicology report did not include a positive finding for cocaine. the investigation is not over and more people may be arrested. the widow and a son of are being investigated to determine whether they were involved in the embezzlement of funds, three law enforcement sources told cnn on thursday. one source says the two are the individuals 1 and 2 referred to in the text messages released by the investigative task force. when reached thursday, an attorney for the family refused to comment.

(ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn) ðə ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər ɪn ˌɪləˈnɔɪz bɪˈkəmz mɔr ˈkɑnvəˌlutəd baɪ ðə deɪ. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ˈɪntərvˌjud ə ˈwʊmən hu sɛd ðə ˈɔfɪsər æst fər hɛlp ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə gæŋ ˈmɛmbər tɪ kɪl ðə ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər, leɪk ˈkaʊnti ˈmeɪʤər tæsk fɔrs ˈmɛmbər ˈkrɪstəfər ˌkoʊˈvɛli sɛd. wɪn əˈθɔrətiz tɔkt tɪ ðə gæŋ ˈmɛmbər, hi dɪˈnaɪd ˈhævɪŋ ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪθ əˈbaʊt ə hɪt, ˌkoʊˈvɛli sɛd. noʊ ˈəðər ˈɛvədəns wɑz faʊnd əˈbaʊt ə hɪt. æt ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns, fɑks leɪk ˈvɪlɪʤ ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər æn ˈmærɪn wɑz æst haʊ ɪt fɛlt tɪ noʊ ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər əˈpɛrəntli ˈwɔntɪd hər dɛd. "ənˈsɛtəlɪŋ," ʃi sɛd əv ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri. "ɪts kwaɪt ˌənbəˈlivəbəl ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst sərˈil." ˈmærɪn sɛd ʃi wɑz ˈæskɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə juθ grup ðət pəˈlis seɪ wɑz ˈstilɪŋ frəm. ʃi sɛd ʃi ˈdɪdənt noʊ əˈbaʊt' plænz ənˈtɪl ˈæftər hɪz dɛθ ənd ˈdəzənt fil ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər naʊ. "ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðiz θrɛts wər meɪd mənθs əˈgoʊ, aɪ teɪk ðiz θrɛts ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəsli," ʃi sɛd. ðə hɪt mæn ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən ɪz ðə ˈleɪtəst tərn ɪn ə ˈstɔri ðət həz ˈʃeɪkən fɑks leɪk, ə kəmˈjunɪti ˌnɔrθˈwɛst əv ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ., ə ˈvɛtərən ˈɔfɪsər wɪθ 30 jɪrz ɪkˈspɪriəns, wɑz faʊnd ʃɑt tɪ dɛθ ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1 ˈæftər hi ˈreɪdiˌoʊd ðət hi wɑz ˈʧeɪsɪŋ ˈsəˌspɛkts ˈɪntu ə ˈwʊdɪd ˈɛriə waɪl ɔn pəˈtroʊl. noʊ ərˈɛsts wər meɪd. ðə kəmˈjunɪti mɔrnd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈvɛtərən noʊn ɛz g.i*. ʤoʊ. əˈθɔrətiz ˈdɪdənt ˈtruli ˈsəˌspɛkt hæd kɪld hɪmˈsɛlf ənˈtɪl əˈbaʊt tu wiks əˈgoʊ, wɪn bæŋk ˈsteɪtmənts ənd tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz rɪˈvild ðə ɪkˈstɛnt əv hɪz ˈstilɪŋ, sɛd ʤɔrʤ filenko*, leɪk ˈkaʊnti ˈmeɪʤər kraɪmz tæsk fɔrs kəˈmændər. ˈməni ˈteɪkən frəm ɪkˈsplɔrərz poʊst stoʊl "tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz" əv ˈdɔlərz frəm ðə ɪkˈsplɔrərz poʊst, ən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən fər juθs ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt kərɪrz, ˈmærɪn sɛd. ðə pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈspɑnsərd ðə grup ənd wɑz ðə ˈlidər. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz sɛd hi juzd ðə ˈməni tɪ peɪ hɪz ˈmɔrgɪʤ ənd ˈəðər ɪkˈspɛnsɪz. ˈmærɪn sɛd hər riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ wər ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈkɔrʤəl. "wi ˈnɛvər fɔt," ʃi sɛd. "ðɛr wər noʊ hɑrʃ wərdz." bət hi wɑz rɪˈləktənt tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ɪkˈsplɔrərz. ʃi æst fər bət ˈdɪdənt rɪˈsiv ˈskɛʤʊlz əv ækˈtɪvɪtiz, ə lɪst əv ˈmɛmbərz ər pərˈɛntəl kənˈsɛnt fɔrmz, ʃi sɛd. "ðeɪ ˈdɪdənt hæv ə ˈbəʤɪt," ˈmærɪn sɛd. "ðət wɑz pɑrt əv ðə ˈprɑbləm." ə deɪ ər tu ˌbiˈfɔr' dɛθ, ʃi æst fər ən ˌɪnvənˈtɔri əv ɪkˈwɪpmənt oʊnd baɪ ðə ɪkˈsplɔrərz, ʃi sɛd. hi ˈdɪdənt prəˈvaɪd ɪt baɪ ðə ˈdɛˌdlaɪn ənd ʃi æst əˈgɛn. "hɪz iˈmeɪl sɛd, 'aɪ wɪl hæv ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ju baɪ nun ər 1 əˈklɑk æt ðə ˈleɪtəst,' ʃi sɛd. ðət wɑz ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1 wɑz faʊnd dɛd ˈleɪtər ðət deɪ. ðə luˈtɛnənt sɛnt wərd ˈoʊvər hɪz ˈreɪdiˌoʊ æt a.m*. ðət hi wɑz pərˈsuɪŋ ə ˈtriˌoʊ ɔn fʊt. θri ˈmɪnəts ˈleɪtər, hi rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˈbæˌkəp. ˈreɪdiˌoʊ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən drɑpt ɔf. ˈkɑligz wʊd nɑt hir vɔɪs əˈgɛn. ðə ˈbæˌkəps əraɪvd əˈbaʊt 8 a.m*. ənd ə fju ˈmɪnəts ˈleɪtər faʊnd dɛd. hɪz ˈbɑdi wɑz ˈrəfli 50 jɑrdz frəm hɪz ˈkruzər, pəˈlis sɛd. ðə ˈɔfɪsərz ˈpɪstəl wɑz faʊnd æt ðə sin. ə ˈmæsɪv ˈmænˌhənt ˈfɑloʊd, wɪθ 400 lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈɔfɪsərz ˈlʊkɪŋ θru ðə wʊdz əraʊnd ðə kraɪm sin ənd ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz ˈhəvərd ˈoʊvərˈhɛd. wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ ə ˈbʊlətˌpruf vɛst æt ðə taɪm hi wɑz ʃɑt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ tu lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əˈfɪʃəlz brift ɔn ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. wən əv ðə əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd tu ʃɑts hɪt wən stɑpt baɪ hɪz ˈbʊlətˌpruf vɛst, ənd əˈnəðər ˈɛnərd hɪz ˈtɔrˌsoʊ æt ə ˈdaʊnwərd ˈæŋgəl. rɪˈkəvərd tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz hæd dɪˈlitəd tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz, sɛd. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz spɛnt wiks rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ðɛm. ɪn wən ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ðət pəˈlis riˈlist, tɔkt əˈbaʊt haʊ məʧ hi dɪsˈlaɪkt ˈmærɪn. "wi hæv ə nu ˈvɪlɪʤ ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər ðət ɪz ə paʊər ˈməŋgər ənd ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ kənˈtroʊl ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ," sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ˈmɛni ˈɔfɪsərz wər kənˈsɪdərɪŋ rɪˈtaɪərmənt. ðə ˈɔfɪsər əˈlɛʤədli hæd dɪˈskəst ˈkɔzɪŋ hɑrm tɪ ˈmærɪn. "ˈhoʊpfəli ʃi ˌdɪˈsaɪdz tɪ gɪt ə ˈkəpəl əv drɪŋks ɪn hər ənd ʃi gɪts ə ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ," sɛd ə ˈpərsən aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz "ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl 2 rɪˈplaɪd, "ʃi dɪz, bət nɑt əraʊnd hir ənd noʊ wən noʊz wɛr. trəst mi θɔt θru ˈmɛni sɪˈnɛrioʊz frəm ˈplæntɪŋ θɪŋz tɪ ðə bɔg!" əˈpɛrəntli hi mɛnt ðə bɔg, ə steɪt pɑrk wɪθ ə leɪk nɪr fɑks leɪk. ˈæftər' dɛθ, ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz faʊnd ˈpækɪts əv koʊˈkeɪn ɪn hɪz dɛsk. əˈθɔrətiz ˈhævənt sɛd ˈwɛðər ðoʊz wər ðə "θɪŋz" hi kənˈsɪdərd ˈplæntɪŋ ɪn hər kɑr. ðə ˈɛvədəns bæg wɪθ koʊˈkeɪn wɑz nɑt mɑrkt ənd ɪt dɪd nɑt hæv ə keɪs ˈnəmbər ɔn ɪt, ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz sɛd. ðə ˌtɑksɪˈkɑləʤi rɪˈpɔrt dɪd nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ə ˈpɑzətɪv ˈfaɪndɪŋ fər koʊˈkeɪn. ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ɪz nɑt ˈoʊvər ənd mɔr ˈpipəl meɪ bi ərˈɛstɪd. ðə ˈwɪdoʊ ənd ə sən əv ər biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd tɪ dɪˈtərmən ˈwɛðər ðeɪ wər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ɛmˈbɛzəlmənt əv fəndz, θri lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈsɔrsəz toʊld ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. wən sɔrs sɪz ðə tu ər ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz 1 ənd 2 rɪˈfərd tɪ ɪn ðə tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz riˈlist baɪ ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv tæsk fɔrs. wɪn riʧt ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ən əˈtərni fər ðə ˈfæməli rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt.

a los angeles police officer was sentenced to 36 months in jail thursday for assaulting a south l.a. woman in an incident that was caught on video by a police cruiser camera. mary sentencing comes amid intense scrutiny and criticism nationwide of police use of force. the last 20 months of her sentence were suspended meaning likely spend a little more than a year in county jail. a downtown l.a. jury last month convicted, 50, of assault under color of authority after a prosecutor argued that the video recording showed the officer used unnecessary force during the 2012 arrest of thomas. in the video, jabbed at thomas’ throat with an open hand and threatened to kick her in the crotch. then raised her boot and struck thomas, whose body shook in response. click here to read the full story on latimes.com. clarification: was sentenced to the maximum term, 36 months, but 20 months of that sentence was suspended by the judge, meaning her sentence comes to 16 months in jail, according to the los angeles county district office.

ə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər wɑz ˈsɛntənst tɪ 36 mənθs ɪn ʤeɪl ˈθərzˌdeɪ fər əˈsɔltɪŋ ə saʊθ l.a*. ˈwʊmən ɪn ən ˈɪnsədənt ðət wɑz kɔt ɔn ˈvɪdioʊ baɪ ə pəˈlis ˈkruzər ˈkæmərə. ˈmɛri ˈsɛntənsɪŋ kəmz əˈmɪd ˌɪnˈtɛns ˈskrutəni ənd ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd əv pəˈlis juz əv fɔrs. ðə læst 20 mənθs əv hər ˈsɛntəns wər səˈspɛndɪd ˈminɪŋ ˈlaɪkli spɛnd ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ə jɪr ɪn ˈkaʊnti ʤeɪl. ə ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn l.a*. ˈʤʊri læst mənθ kənˈvɪktəd, 50 əv əˈsɔlt ˈəndər ˈkələr əv əˈθɔrəti ˈæftər ə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə ˈvɪdioʊ rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ʃoʊd ðə ˈɔfɪsər juzd ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri fɔrs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 2012 ərˈɛst əv ˈtɑməs. ɪn ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, ʤæbd æt thomas’*’ θroʊt wɪθ ən ˈoʊpən hænd ənd θˈrɛtənd tɪ kɪk hər ɪn ðə krɑʧ. ðɛn reɪzd hər but ənd strək ˈtɑməs, huz ˈbɑdi ʃʊk ɪn rɪˈspɑns. klɪk hir tɪ rɛd ðə fʊl ˈstɔri ɔn latimes.com*. ˌklɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən: wɑz ˈsɛntənst tɪ ðə ˈmæksəməm tərm, 36 mənθs, bət 20 mənθs əv ðət ˈsɛntəns wɑz səˈspɛndɪd baɪ ðə ʤəʤ, ˈminɪŋ hər ˈsɛntəns kəmz tɪ 16 mənθs ɪn ʤeɪl, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈkaʊnti ˈdɪstrɪkt ˈɔfəs.

sierra nelson loves cephalopods. squids, octopuses, name it, if a bilateral mollusk with a big-ass head, nelson is positively gaga over it. nelson is a poet, and you can understand how a poet might fall in love with sea creatures: romantic figures, skulking in the of the great marine biosphere, but also remote from whales and fish. those articulate limbs and big brains set them apart, leaving them to skulk and mope fabulously. and they even produce their own ink! how could a poet not land on team cephalopod? but nelson is more than your average poet. a of the society, which applies scientific rigor to poems, often employing large crowds at parties to write, mad libs-style, a series of poems about love and longing. no other poets in town, likely, have dissected a poem into pie charts on a while wearing a lab coat. on her own, nelson loves to tease out the poetry in science, finding resonance in the long and mysterious latin words and phrases used to name the world. one of my favorites of her poems is “the first photograph,” which explains the process that created a blurry by the father of photography, joseph niépce: “through the pinprick it all came to close we were, upside hours on the were surfaces arranged to receive.” the poem concludes: “yet i capture you. close to the coated my longing in bitumen.” much has been written about the way photographs capture a moment in time, but rarely is that desperate need so beautifully overt. so yes, whimsy in celebration of all things squid and squidlike. but also serious investigation and a mind, fusing science and art and seeing what happens. every year since 2015, been presenting cephalopod appreciation celebrations with music, film, visual art, poetry, and speeches. past participants have included musician lori goldston, biologist stephanie crofts, marine cinematographer laura james, and novelist kevin emerson, and presentations have included stickers, classes on incorporating marine biology into creative writing, animation, and singalongs. this society is in a different setting: not the creative hub of hugo house, as in past years, but at waterfront space, a gallery on western avenue. nelson encourages participants of all ages to come dressed as their favorite cephalopod, and she promises there will be a “mini-parade” to the waterfront, presumably where she will call on a giant squid to rise from the deep and cast judgment on seattle. will we be destroyed by the mammoth monster from the depths? or will our friend recognize the intelligence in our eyes and guide us to a happier future? only our overlords know for sure. waterfront space, 1400 western ave. free. all ages. noon, sun., aug. 20. paul constant is of the seattle review of books. read books coverage at seattlereviewofbooks.com.

siˈɛrə ˈnɛlsən ləvz cephalopods*. squids*, octopuses*, neɪm ɪt, ɪf ə baɪˈlætərəl ˈmɑləsk wɪθ ə ˈbɪˌgæs hɛd, ˈnɛlsən ɪz ˈpɑzətɪvli ˈgɑˌgə ˈoʊvər ɪt. ˈnɛlsən ɪz ə poʊət, ənd ju kən ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ə poʊət maɪt fɔl ɪn ləv wɪθ si ˈkriʧərz: roʊˈmæntɪk ˈfɪgjərz, ˈskəlkɪŋ ɪn ðə əv ðə greɪt mərˈin ˈbaɪoʊsˌfɪr, bət ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈmoʊt frəm weɪlz ənd fɪʃ. ðoʊz ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪt lɪmz ənd bɪg breɪnz sɛt ðɛm əˈpɑrt, ˈlivɪŋ ðɛm tɪ skəlk ənd moʊp ˈfæbjuləsli. ənd ðeɪ ˈivɪn ˈproʊdus ðɛr oʊn ɪŋk! haʊ kʊd ə poʊət nɑt lænd ɔn tim ˈsɛfələˌpɑd? bət ˈnɛlsən ɪz mɔr ðən jʊr ˈævərɪʤ poʊət. ə əv ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti, wɪʧ əˈplaɪz ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈrɪgər tɪ poʊəmz, ˈɔfən ɪmˈplɔɪɪŋ lɑrʤ kraʊdz æt ˈpɑrtiz tɪ raɪt, mæd libs-style*, ə ˈsɪriz əv poʊəmz əˈbaʊt ləv ənd ˈlɔŋɪŋ. noʊ ˈəðər poʊəts ɪn taʊn, ˈlaɪkli, hæv daɪˈsɛktəd ə poʊəm ˈɪntu paɪ ʧɑrts ɔn ə waɪl ˈwɛrɪŋ ə læb koʊt. ɔn hər oʊn, ˈnɛlsən ləvz tɪ tiz aʊt ðə ˈpoʊətri ɪn saɪəns, ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈrɛzənəns ɪn ðə lɔŋ ənd mɪˈstɪriəs ˈlætən wərdz ənd ˈfreɪzɪz juzd tɪ neɪm ðə wərld. wən əv maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪts əv hər poʊəmz ɪz fərst photograph,”*,” wɪʧ ɪkˈspleɪnz ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈbləri baɪ ðə ˈfɑðər əv fəˈtɑgrəfi, ˈʤoʊzəf niépce*: ðə ˈpɪnprɪk ɪt ɔl keɪm tɪ kloʊz wi wər, ˈəpˈsaɪd aʊərz ɔn ðə wər ˈsərfəsɪz əreɪnʤd tɪ receive.”*.” ðə poʊəm kənˈkludz: aɪ ˈkæpʧər ju. kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈkoʊtɪd maɪ ˈlɔŋɪŋ ɪn bitumen.”*.” məʧ həz bɪn ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt ðə weɪ ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs ˈkæpʧər ə ˈmoʊmənt ɪn taɪm, bət ˈrɛrli ɪz ðət ˈdɛspərɪt nid soʊ ˈbjutəfli ˈoʊvərt. soʊ jɛs, ˈwɪmsi ɪn ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən əv ɔl θɪŋz skwɪd ənd squidlike*. bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsɪriəs ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ənd ə maɪnd, fˈjuzɪŋ saɪəns ənd ɑrt ənd siɪŋ wət ˈhæpənz. ˈɛvəri jɪr sɪns 2015 bɪn prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ˈsɛfələˌpɑd əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃənz wɪθ mˈjuzɪk, fɪlm, ˈvɪʒəwəl ɑrt, ˈpoʊətri, ənd ˈspiʧɪz. pæst pɑrˈtɪsəpənts hæv ˌɪnˈkludɪd mjuˈzɪʃən ˈlɔri ˈgoʊldstən, baɪˈɑləʤɪst ˈstɛfəni krɔfts, mərˈin ˌsɪnɪməˈtɑgrəfər ˈlɔrə ʤeɪmz, ənd ˈnɑvələst ˈkɛvɪn ˈɛmərsən, ənd ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃənz hæv ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈstɪkərz, ˈklæsɪz ɔn ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪŋ mərˈin baɪˈɑləʤi ˈɪntu kriˈeɪtɪv ˈraɪtɪŋ, ˌænəˈmeɪʃən, ənd singalongs*. ðɪs soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪz ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈsɛtɪŋ: nɑt ðə kriˈeɪtɪv həb əv ˈjugoʊ haʊs, ɛz ɪn pæst jɪrz, bət æt ˈwɔtərˌfrənt speɪs, ə ˈgæləri ɔn ˈwɛstərn ˈævəˌnu. ˈnɛlsən ɪnˈkərəʤəz pɑrˈtɪsəpənts əv ɔl ˈeɪʤɪz tɪ kəm drɛst ɛz ðɛr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈsɛfələˌpɑd, ənd ʃi ˈprɑməsəz ðɛr wɪl bi ə ““mini-parade”*” tɪ ðə ˈwɔtərˌfrənt, prɪˈzuməbli wɛr ʃi wɪl kɔl ɔn ə ʤaɪənt skwɪd tɪ raɪz frəm ðə dip ənd kæst ˈʤəʤmənt ɔn siˈætəl. wɪl wi bi dɪˈstrɔɪd baɪ ðə ˈmæməθ ˈmɑnstər frəm ðə dɛpθs? ər wɪl ɑr frɛnd ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɪn ɑr aɪz ənd gaɪd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ə ˈhæpiər fˈjuʧər? ˈoʊnli ɑr ˈoʊvərˌlɔrdz noʊ fər ʃʊr. ˈwɔtərˌfrənt speɪs, 1400 ˈwɛstərn ˈɑˌveɪ. fri. ɔl ˈeɪʤɪz. nun, sən., ˈɔgəst. 20 pɔl ˈkɑnstənt ɪz əv ðə siˈætəl ˌrivˈju əv bʊks. rɛd bʊks ˈkəvərɪʤ æt seattlereviewofbooks.com*.

one of the more memorable stories this season was the and communities pooling together money to sponsor the no. 98 phil parsons racing entry of josh wise. thus far the and community have rallied behind the car. at the all-star race in charlotte, wise won the fan vote earning entry into the race beating out the likes of danica patrick. on sunday they will return to the ford fusion driven by wise in the geico 500. the plan for and parsons is to continue sponsorship into the 2015 season by offering a variety of merchandise. the car driven by wise will be a little different this week with chinese characters appearing on the front end of the car. provident metals will again serve as an associate sponsor of wise. (yes we release the art of this car has chevrolet logos)

wən əv ðə mɔr ˈmɛmərəbəl ˈstɔriz ðɪs ˈsizən wɑz ðə ənd kəmˈjunɪtiz ˈpulɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˈməni tɪ ˈspɑnsər ðə noʊ. 98 fɪl ˈpɑrsənz ˈreɪsɪŋ ˈɛntri əv ʤɑʃ waɪz. ðəs fɑr ðə ənd kəmˈjunɪti hæv ˈrælid bɪˈhaɪnd ðə kɑr. æt ðə ˌɔlˈstɑr reɪs ɪn ˈʃɑrlət, waɪz wən ðə fæn voʊt ˈərnɪŋ ˈɛntri ˈɪntu ðə reɪs ˈbitɪŋ aʊt ðə laɪks əv ˈdænɪkə ˈpætrɪk. ɔn ˈsənˌdi ðeɪ wɪl rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə fɔrd fˈjuʒən ˈdrɪvən baɪ waɪz ɪn ðə ˈgaɪkoʊ 500 ðə plæn fər ənd ˈpɑrsənz ɪz tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈspɑnsərˌʃɪp ˈɪntu ðə 2015 ˈsizən baɪ ˈɔfərɪŋ ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈmərʧənˌdaɪz. ðə kɑr ˈdrɪvən baɪ waɪz wɪl bi ə ˈlɪtəl ˈdɪfərənt ðɪs wik wɪθ ʧaɪˈniz ˈkɛrɪktərz əˈpɪrɪŋ ɔn ðə frənt ɛnd əv ðə kɑr. ˈprɑvɪdənt ˈmɛtəlz wɪl əˈgɛn sərv ɛz ən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ˈspɑnsər əv waɪz. (jɛs wi riˈlis ðə ɑrt əv ðɪs kɑr həz ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ ˈloʊˌgoʊz)

get the biggest dailyories by email subscribe thank you for subscribing see our privacy notice could not subscribe, try again later invalid email pupils areill taught in historic former classroom today. but if a heritage lottery fund bid is successful, one of the finest surviving old in britain could become open to the public for the first time. bennet carr, headmaster of king edward vi grammar school (kes),, said: “it became william shakespeare's classroom when he was educated in the 1570s. “john shakespeare, father, was appointed bailiff, or mayor in 1568, and had the right for his son to attend the school free of charge. there would have been boys in the one class. “it is where shakespeare would have been taught latin, rhetoric and greek and was most likely to have experienced theatre for the first time, as 30 troupes came out of london. “we would like to restore the building and open it up for the first time. “we would continue to teach until and open the classroom in the afternoons, weekends and holidays. the first time it will ever have been opened. an absolute gem.” the simple medieval classroom is on the second floor of the guild hall in churchreet and has not changed since day. the ground floor was used as a library until last year. school archivist richard pearson said: “the guild hall has the first painting of the tudor rose dating back from mr carr said restoration work which needs to take place includes a new roof, new timbers andone preservation work. he said: “the ground floor of the guild hall was created in 1420 and the top floor added in 1427. “it was the civic heart of pre-reformation. the last time it was restored was in the 1890s. virtually unique for a guild hall and needs to be preserved. had hundreds of boys going in-and-out. “for local people who have never been in it to see where shakespeare was taught, really exciting. everyone comes to once now there would be another reason to come down. it has the wow factor.” the guild hall lottery bid will be submitted later this month as gets ready for birthday celebrations and the school will find out if it has been successful in june. bbc historian michael wood has made a film retelling the history of the guild hall for a future fundraising appeal. mr carr said: “in 2003 michael did a documentary in search of shakespeare tracing his life. as part of that he came to the school and has become a really good friend of the school. "he has very kindly produced a film briefly recording the history of the building and launching a fundraising effort. if successful we will be seeking sponsorship to match the lottery bid for anyone who would like to be involved.” kes was founded in 1553 by henry only surviving son edward vi, who died aged 15. previously known as the guild school it was renamed the new school. shakespeare was born and died on the same day april 23 day. on saturday, april 26, head boy christian van will lead the annual birthday procession celebrating birthday. the parade through bridgereet is followed by the quill pageant where a costume character william shakespeare hands over a symbolic quill to the head boy of who will use it to signal theart of the flag unfurling ceremony. he will then carry it to holy trinity church, journey from the cradle to the grave. christian will be followed by 600 pupils and for the first time 39 sixth form girls, who were admitted to the school last september. it was former headmaster, rev robert de, that first initiated the annual birthday procession and laying of flowers on grave at holy trinity church in 1893. mr carr said: “robert de was a great friend of the flower family who helped to restore the school building in the 1890s. he was a great education reformer. he, head boy ralph garlic and a representative from birthplace decided they would walk from the school to holy trinity church and lay flowers on the grave. the following year was the beginning of what has become the annual procession. “there had been a small parade by counsellors in 1810, but the school initiated the procession. it was reported in the times of london, newspapers inratford, and the birmingham post “the procession has been going 121 years. until the the head boy used to carry a quill to replace the old one on the shakespeare bust at the church. that tradition was reintroduced last year. “we are only a small faith school with 600 pupils and even though their easter holidays mostudents want to be there. unfortunate that the holidays but only threeudents are unable to attend. “and for the first time this year we have girls parading with us as 39 girls joined the sixth form. “it’s quite a sight. all the pupils will carry blue and yellow flowers and the youngest boy dominic ellis will lay a laurel wreath on the actual grave. the flowers will go on the gravestone. “the pupils lead the way with me and theaff following. many old boys come back. quite a spectacle. where else would you see teenagers walking through a town each carrying a bunch of flowers? “it’s a delightful english tradition. this year is particularly important being the anniversary. going to have added emphasis.”

gɪt ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈdeɪli ˈstɔriz baɪ iˈmeɪl səbˈskraɪb θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ si ɑr ˈpraɪvəsi ˈnoʊtɪs kʊd nɑt səbˈskraɪb, traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ˈpjupəlz ər stɪl tɔt ɪn hɪˈstɔrɪk ˈfɔrmər ˈklæsˌrum təˈdeɪ. bət ɪf ə ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ˈlɑtəri fənd bɪd ɪz səkˈsɛsfəl, wən əv ðə ˈfaɪnəst sərˈvaɪvɪŋ oʊld ɪn ˈbrɪtən kʊd bɪˈkəm ˈoʊpən tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk fər ðə fərst taɪm. ˈbɛnɪt kɑr, ˈhɛdˈmæstər əv kɪŋ ˈɛdwərd vi ˈgræmər skul (kes*),, sɛd: bɪˈkeɪm ˈwɪljəm ˈʃeɪkˌspirz ˈklæsˌrum wɪn hi wɑz ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd ɪn ðə 1570s*. ˈʃeɪkˌspir, ˈfɑðər, wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd ˈbeɪlɪf, ər meɪər ɪn 1568 ənd hæd ðə raɪt fər hɪz sən tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə skul fri əv ʧɑrʤ. ðɛr wʊd hæv bɪn bɔɪz ɪn ðə wən klæs. ɪz wɛr ˈʃeɪkˌspir wʊd hæv bɪn tɔt ˈlætən, ˈrɛtərɪk ənd grik ənd wɑz moʊst ˈlaɪkli tɪ hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈθiətər fər ðə fərst taɪm, ɛz 30 trups keɪm aʊt əv ˈləndən. wʊd laɪk tɪ rɪˈstɔr ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd ˈoʊpən ɪt əp fər ðə fərst taɪm. wʊd kənˈtɪnju tɪ tiʧ ənˈtɪl ənd ˈoʊpən ðə ˈklæsˌrum ɪn ðə ˌæftərˈnunz, ˈwiˌkɛndz ənd ˈhɑləˌdeɪz. ðə fərst taɪm ɪt wɪl ˈɛvər hæv bɪn ˈoʊpənd. ən ˈæbsəˌlut gem.”*.” ðə ˈsɪmpəl mɪˈdjivəl ˈklæsˌrum ɪz ɔn ðə ˈsɛkənd flɔr əv ðə gɪld hɔl ɪn ʧərʧ strit ənd həz nɑt ʧeɪnʤd sɪns deɪ. ðə graʊnd flɔr wɑz juzd ɛz ə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ənˈtɪl læst jɪr. skul ˈɑrkəvɪst ˈrɪʧərd ˈpɪrsən sɛd: gɪld hɔl həz ðə fərst ˈpeɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈtudər roʊz ˈdeɪtɪŋ bæk frəm ˈmɪstər kɑr sɛd ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən wərk wɪʧ nidz tɪ teɪk pleɪs ˌɪnˈkludz ə nu rʊf, nu ˈtɪmbərz ənd stoʊn ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən wərk. hi sɛd: graʊnd flɔr əv ðə gɪld hɔl wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd ɪn 1420 ənd ðə tɔp flɔr ˈædɪd ɪn 1427 wɑz ðə ˈsɪvɪk hɑrt əv pre-reformation*. ðə læst taɪm ɪt wɑz rɪˈstɔrd wɑz ɪn ðə 1890s*. ˈvərʧuəli juˈnik fər ə gɪld hɔl ənd nidz tɪ bi prɪˈzərvd. hæd ˈhənərdz əv bɔɪz goʊɪŋ in-and-out*. ˈloʊkəl ˈpipəl hu hæv ˈnɛvər bɪn ɪn ɪt tɪ si wɛr ˈʃeɪkˌspir wɑz tɔt, ˈrɪli ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ. ˈɛvriˌwən kəmz tɪ wəns naʊ ðɛr wʊd bi əˈnəðər ˈrizən tɪ kəm daʊn. ɪt həz ðə waʊ factor.”*.” ðə gɪld hɔl ˈlɑtəri bɪd wɪl bi səbˈmɪtəd ˈleɪtər ðɪs mənθ ɛz gɪts ˈrɛdi fər ˈbərθˌdeɪ ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃənz ənd ðə skul wɪl faɪnd aʊt ɪf ɪt həz bɪn səkˈsɛsfəl ɪn ʤun. ˌbibiˈsi hɪˈstɔriən ˈmaɪkəl wʊd həz meɪd ə fɪlm riˈtɛlɪŋ ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə gɪld hɔl fər ə fˈjuʧər ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ əˈpil. ˈmɪstər kɑr sɛd: 2003 ˈmaɪkəl dɪd ə ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri ɪn sərʧ əv ˈʃeɪkˌspir ˈtreɪsɪŋ hɪz laɪf. ɛz pɑrt əv ðət hi keɪm tɪ ðə skul ənd həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈrɪli gʊd frɛnd əv ðə skul. "hi həz ˈvɛri ˈkaɪndli prəˈdust ə fɪlm ˈbrifli rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ə ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ ˈɛfərt. ɪf səkˈsɛsfəl wi wɪl bi ˈsikɪŋ ˈspɑnsərˌʃɪp tɪ mæʧ ðə ˈlɑtəri bɪd fər ˈɛniˌwən hu wʊd laɪk tɪ bi involved.”*.” wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd ɪn 1553 baɪ ˈhɛnri ˈoʊnli sərˈvaɪvɪŋ sən ˈɛdwərd vi, hu daɪd ˈeɪʤɪd 15 ˈpriviəsli noʊn ɛz ðə gɪld skul ɪt wɑz riˈneɪmd ðə nu skul. ˈʃeɪkˌspir wɑz bɔrn ənd daɪd ɔn ðə seɪm deɪ ˈeɪprəl 23 deɪ. ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈeɪprəl 26 hɛd bɔɪ ˈkrɪsʧɪn væn wɪl lɛd ðə ˈænjuəl ˈbərθˌdeɪ prəˈsɛʃən ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ ˈbərθˌdeɪ. ðə pəreɪd θru brɪʤ strit ɪz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ðə kwɪl ˈpæʤənt wɛr ə ˈkɑstum ˈkɛrɪktər ˈwɪljəm ˈʃeɪkˌspir hænz ˈoʊvər ə sɪmˈbɑlɪk kwɪl tɪ ðə hɛd bɔɪ əv hu wɪl juz ɪt tɪ ˈsɪgnəl ðə stɑrt əv ðə flæg ənˈfərlɪŋ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni. hi wɪl ðɛn ˈkɛri ɪt tɪ ˈhoʊli ˈtrɪnɪti ʧərʧ, ˈʤərni frəm ðə ˈkreɪdəl tɪ ðə greɪv. ˈkrɪsʧɪn wɪl bi ˈfɑloʊd baɪ 600 ˈpjupəlz ənd fər ðə fərst taɪm 39 sɪksθ fɔrm gərlz, hu wər ədˈmɪtəd tɪ ðə skul læst sɛpˈtɛmbər. ɪt wɑz ˈfɔrmər ˈhɛdˈmæstər, rɛv ˈrɑbərt də, ðət fərst ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈænjuəl ˈbərθˌdeɪ prəˈsɛʃən ənd leɪɪŋ əv flaʊərz ɔn greɪv æt ˈhoʊli ˈtrɪnɪti ʧərʧ ɪn 1893 ˈmɪstər kɑr sɛd: də wɑz ə greɪt frɛnd əv ðə flaʊər ˈfæməli hu hɛlpt tɪ rɪˈstɔr ðə skul ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ðə 1890s*. hi wɑz ə greɪt ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən rɪˈfɔrmər. hi, hɛd bɔɪ rælf ˈgɑrlɪk ənd ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv frəm ˈbərθˌpleɪs ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðeɪ wʊd wɔk frəm ðə skul tɪ ˈhoʊli ˈtrɪnɪti ʧərʧ ənd leɪ flaʊərz ɔn ðə greɪv. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jɪr wɑz ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv wət həz bɪˈkəm ðə ˈænjuəl prəˈsɛʃən. hæd bɪn ə smɔl pəreɪd baɪ ˈkaʊnsələrz ɪn 1810 bət ðə skul ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ðə prəˈsɛʃən. ɪt wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ðə taɪmz əv ˈləndən, ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz ɪn ˈstrætfərd, ənd ðə ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm poʊst prəˈsɛʃən həz bɪn goʊɪŋ 121 jɪrz. ənˈtɪl ðə ðə hɛd bɔɪ juzd tɪ ˈkɛri ə kwɪl tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðə oʊld wən ɔn ðə ˈʃeɪkˌspir bəst æt ðə ʧərʧ. ðət trəˈdɪʃən wɑz ˌriɪntrəˈdust læst jɪr. ər ˈoʊnli ə smɔl feɪθ skul wɪθ 600 ˈpjupəlz ənd ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðɛr ˈistər ˈhɑləˌdeɪz moʊst ˈstudənts wɔnt tɪ bi ðɛr. ənˈfɔrʧənət ðət ðə ˈhɑləˌdeɪz bət ˈoʊnli θri ˈstudənts ər əˈneɪbəl tɪ əˈtɛnd. fər ðə fərst taɪm ðɪs jɪr wi hæv gərlz pərˈeɪdɪŋ wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ɛz 39 gərlz ʤɔɪnd ðə sɪksθ fɔrm. kwaɪt ə saɪt. ɔl ðə ˈpjupəlz wɪl ˈkɛri blu ənd ˈjɛloʊ flaʊərz ənd ðə ˈjəŋgəst bɔɪ ˈdɑmənɪk ˈɛlɪs wɪl leɪ ə ˈlɔrəl riθ ɔn ðə ˈækʧəwəl greɪv. ðə flaʊərz wɪl goʊ ɔn ðə ˈgreɪvˌstoʊn. ˈpjupəlz lɛd ðə weɪ wɪθ mi ənd ðə stæf ˈfɑloʊɪŋ. ˈmɛni oʊld bɔɪz kəm bæk. kwaɪt ə ˈspɛktəkəl. wɛr ɛls wʊd ju si ˈtiˌneɪʤərz ˈwɔkɪŋ θru ə taʊn iʧ ˈkɛriɪŋ ə bənʧ əv flaʊərz? ə dɪˈlaɪtfəl ˈɪŋlɪʃ trəˈdɪʃən. ðɪs jɪr ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt biɪŋ ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri. goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv ˈædɪd emphasis.”*.”

get the biggest daily stories by email subscribe thank you for subscribing we have more newsletters show me see our privacy notice could not subscribe, try again later invalid email in 40 days, britain goes to the polls to elect a new westminster government. before that, the council elections next week will give us a sure indication of how scotland intends to vote on june 8. every poll and pointer so far suggests three things will come to pass: 1. the will still be, far and away, the biggest party. they will not reach the mark of 2015 with 56 of 59 but they will still be totally dominant. 2. labour will take an absolute battering all over the country. even though they hope to have three, it is entirely possible, if not probable, that they will fail to return a single scottish labour member to the commons. 3. the tories will continue their resurgence and gain seats from the. (image: daily record/dwp) and while there are still almost six full weeks of campaigning to go and much to play for, the reason these things are likely to happen comes down to just one, mammoth, national political obsession: the constitution. the want independence at all or any cost. the scottish tories want to remain in britain at all or any cost. and while scottish labour are behind the union, mixed messages from london labour have sown the seeds of doubt about the commitment to place in the uk. these doubts have spread like a virus amongst committed labour unionists who are turning away from the bosom of a party supported all their life. now lending their support to the tories, believing they offer the best chance of halting the march to independence. while those former diehard labour voters are fully entitled to protect their cherished place in great britain, voting to strengthen the conservatives’ grip on power is a decision they may come to regret. make no mistake, this is a tory government driven by ideology. whatever it plans, it will not end well for the majority of working class scots. (image: pa) the cabinet of theresa may the shameless boris johnson, damien green, philip hammond, david davis, the scot liam fox, et al are no friends of scotland. this newspaper was no fan of david cameron and george osborne. but this current bunch demonstrate a nastiness of an entirely different magnitude. the repugnant rape clause is a stark warning about how vindictive this government can be. if they are emboldened by an increased majority at westminster, be under no illusion, things will get worse. and it could get very, very much worse for scotland. by way of explanation, we need to wind the clock back to early 2016. in january last year the scottish government were locked in bitter negotiations with the treasury over a financial settlement required to fund the new powers coming to because of the vow. these fiscal framework negotiations revolved around the barnett formula. the treasury team were desperate to cut billions from the scottish budget. they have been itching to take money away from for years and they saw this as a perfect opportunity. if they got their way, the outcome would have been disastrous for scotland. (image: getty) they did not get their way for one very good reason david cameron had signed the vow on the front page of this newspaper. to stiff scotland out of billions of pounds would have left his questionable integrity shattered. so he ordered the treasury to roll over and agree to maintain funding for five years until a review in 2021. the treasury was furious. when settlement comes up for renegotiation in a few short years time, there will be no david cameron there to protect us, even if last time it was for purely personal reasons. next time, the discussions will be led by tory ideologues and a treasury department on revenge for not getting their way last time round. the outcome could be catastrophic for the nhs, education, and everything else the scottish government pay for north of the border. that’s bad enough but the real kick in the for those labour unionist diehards tempted to swing behind the tories. the yes campaign lost in 2014 because they could not offer an economic argument that trumped better pooling and sharing promise of staying in britain. if the tories do win a bigger majority this time round and they do rip up barnett and cut billions from our budgets, the economic arguments for staying in the union are null and void. and that may be more than enough to swing a second referendum the way of yes. there is also little evidence that the tories have ever been anything but disastrous for the union. (image: pa) it was the tories who propped up alex salmond at from 2007 to 2011, giving the nationalists the springboard they needed to hold the first independence referendum. it was the tories who handed a major boost to nicola 2015 general election campaign by cynically pitting england against scotland by talking up a fantasy coalition between labour and the. and it was the tories who caused the unholy mess that has put the prospect of a second back on the table in such short order. elections are about choices but not always as simple as a cross in the box. we know a lot of thought goes into the decision. when people voted for the tories in the scottish election last year, it was to clip the wings of the government at. through the wisdom of crowds, the voters got exactly what they wanted the were denied a majority but remained the dominant force in scottish politics. but attempting to transfer that nuanced voting decision and few electorates are more experienced or sophisticated than population to a westminster election scenario is wishful thinking. (image: pa wire) sure, more than half the voters are against independence and want their votes to be interpreted as some kind of endorsement for political vision, as they were after the referendum. it’s understandable that people would want to “send a message” to the about having their votes hijacked for another purpose. that is the reason ruth tories use that as their sly election message. but if people vote tory this time, it is for real. a tory government a vicious tory government is what they will get. that will not be in their own interests or the interests of many of their friends and families. for labour voters thinking of lending votes to tory candidates, there are other choices. they may not be great choices but they are all better than voting tory in 40 days. so be careful what you wish for. you have been warned.

gɪt ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈdeɪli ˈstɔriz baɪ iˈmeɪl səbˈskraɪb θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ wi hæv mɔr ˈnuzˌlɛtərz ʃoʊ mi si ɑr ˈpraɪvəsi ˈnoʊtɪs kʊd nɑt səbˈskraɪb, traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ɪn 40 deɪz, ˈbrɪtən goʊz tɪ ðə poʊlz tɪ ɪˈlɛkt ə nu ˌwɛstˈmɪnstər ˈgəvərnmənt. ˌbiˈfɔr ðət, ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz nɛkst wik wɪl gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ə ʃʊr ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən əv haʊ ˈskɑtlənd ˌɪnˈtɛndz tɪ voʊt ɔn ʤun 8 ˈɛvəri poʊl ənd ˈpɔɪntər soʊ fɑr səˈʤɛsts θri θɪŋz wɪl kəm tɪ pæs: 1 ðə wɪl stɪl bi, fɑr ənd əˈweɪ, ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈpɑrti. ðeɪ wɪl nɑt riʧ ðə mɑrk əv 2015 wɪθ 56 əv 59 bət ðeɪ wɪl stɪl bi ˈtoʊtəli ˈdɑmənənt. 2 ˈleɪbər wɪl teɪk ən ˈæbsəˌlut ˈbætərɪŋ ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəntri. ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðeɪ hoʊp tɪ hæv θri, ɪt ɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈpɑsəbəl, ɪf nɑt ˈprɑbəbəl, ðət ðeɪ wɪl feɪl tɪ rɪˈtərn ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈleɪbər ˈmɛmbər tɪ ðə ˈkɑmənz. 3 ðə ˈtɔˌriz wɪl kənˈtɪnju ðɛr riˈsərʤəns ənd geɪn sits frəm ðə. (ˈɪmɪʤ: ˈdeɪli record/dwp*) ənd waɪl ðɛr ər stɪl ˈɔlˌmoʊst sɪks fʊl wiks əv kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ tɪ goʊ ənd məʧ tɪ pleɪ fər, ðə ˈrizən ðiz θɪŋz ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈhæpən kəmz daʊn tɪ ʤɪst wən, ˈmæməθ, ˈnæʃənəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl əbˈsɛʃən: ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən. ðə wɔnt ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns æt ɔl ər ˈɛni kɔst. ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈtɔˌriz wɔnt tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ˈbrɪtən æt ɔl ər ˈɛni kɔst. ənd waɪl ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈleɪbər ər bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈjunjən, mɪkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz frəm ˈləndən ˈleɪbər hæv soʊn ðə sidz əv daʊt əˈbaʊt ðə kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ pleɪs ɪn ðə uk*. ðiz daʊts hæv sprɛd laɪk ə ˈvaɪrəs əˈməŋst kəˈmɪtɪd ˈleɪbər ˈjunjənɪsts hu ər ˈtərnɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈbʊzəm əv ə ˈpɑrti səˈpɔrtɪd ɔl ðɛr laɪf. naʊ ˈlɛndɪŋ ðɛr səˈpɔrt tɪ ðə ˈtɔˌriz, bɪˈlivɪŋ ðeɪ ˈɔfər ðə bɛst ʧæns əv ˈhɔltɪŋ ðə mɑrʧ tɪ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns. waɪl ðoʊz ˈfɔrmər ˈdaɪˌhɑrd ˈleɪbər ˈvoʊtərz ər ˈfʊli ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðɛr ˈʧɛrɪʃt pleɪs ɪn greɪt ˈbrɪtən, ˈvoʊtɪŋ tɪ ˈstrɛŋθən ðə conservatives’*’ grɪp ɔn paʊər ɪz ə dɪˈsɪʒən ðeɪ meɪ kəm tɪ rɪˈgrɛt. meɪk noʊ mɪˈsteɪk, ðɪs ɪz ə ˈtɔri ˈgəvərnmənt ˈdrɪvən baɪ ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi. ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪt plænz, ɪt wɪl nɑt ɛnd wɛl fər ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈwərkɪŋ klæs skɑts. (ˈɪmɪʤ: pɑ) ðə ˈkæbənət əv tərˈisə meɪ ðə ˈʃeɪmləs ˈbɔrɪs ˈʤɑnsən, ˈdeɪmiən grin, ˈfɪlɪp ˈhæmənd, ˈdeɪvɪd ˈdeɪvɪs, ðə skɑt ˈliəm fɑks, ɛt æl ər noʊ frɛndz əv ˈskɑtlənd. ðɪs ˈnuzˌpeɪpər wɑz noʊ fæn əv ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmərən ənd ʤɔrʤ ˈɔzˌbɔrn. bət ðɪs ˈkɑrənt bənʧ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ə ˈnæstinəs əv ən ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈdɪfərənt ˈmægnəˌtud. ðə rɪˈpəgnənt reɪp klɔz ɪz ə stɑrk ˈwɔrnɪŋ əˈbaʊt haʊ vɪnˈdɪktɪv ðɪs ˈgəvərnmənt kən bi. ɪf ðeɪ ər ɛmˈboʊldənd baɪ ən ˌɪnˈkrist məˈʤɔrəti æt ˌwɛstˈmɪnstər, bi ˈəndər noʊ ˌɪˈluʒən, θɪŋz wɪl gɪt wərs. ənd ɪt kʊd gɪt ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri məʧ wərs fər ˈskɑtlənd. baɪ weɪ əv ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən, wi nid tɪ wɪnd ðə klɑk bæk tɪ ˈərli 2016 ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri læst jɪr ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt wər lɑkt ɪn ˈbɪtər nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪθ ðə ˈtrɛʒəri ˈoʊvər ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsɛtəlmənt rikˈwaɪərd tɪ fənd ðə nu paʊərz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ bɪˈkəz əv ðə vaʊ. ðiz ˈfɪskəl ˈfreɪmˌwərk nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz riˈvɑlvd əraʊnd ðə bɑrˈnɛt ˈfɔrmjələ. ðə ˈtrɛʒəri tim wər ˈdɛspərɪt tɪ kət ˈbɪljənz frəm ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈbəʤɪt. ðeɪ hæv bɪn ˈɪʧɪŋ tɪ teɪk ˈməni əˈweɪ frəm fər jɪrz ənd ðeɪ sɔ ðɪs ɛz ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˌɑpərˈtunəti. ɪf ðeɪ gɑt ðɛr weɪ, ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm wʊd hæv bɪn dɪˈzæstrəs fər ˈskɑtlənd. (ˈɪmɪʤ: ˈgɛti) ðeɪ dɪd nɑt gɪt ðɛr weɪ fər wən ˈvɛri gʊd ˈrizən ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmərən hæd saɪnd ðə vaʊ ɔn ðə frənt peɪʤ əv ðɪs ˈnuzˌpeɪpər. tɪ stɪf ˈskɑtlənd aʊt əv ˈbɪljənz əv paʊnz wʊd hæv lɛft hɪz kˈwɛsʧənəbəl ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti ˈʃætərd. soʊ hi ˈɔrdərd ðə ˈtrɛʒəri tɪ roʊl ˈoʊvər ənd əˈgri tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ˈfəndɪŋ fər faɪv jɪrz ənˈtɪl ə ˌrivˈju ɪn 2021 ðə ˈtrɛʒəri wɑz fˈjʊriəs. wɪn ˈsɛtəlmənt kəmz əp fər ˌrinɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ɪn ə fju ʃɔrt jɪrz taɪm, ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmərən ðɛr tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈjuˈɛs, ˈivɪn ɪf læst taɪm ɪt wɑz fər ˈpjʊrli ˈpərsɪnəl ˈrizənz. nɛkst taɪm, ðə dɪˈskəʃənz wɪl bi lɛd baɪ ˈtɔri ˈaɪdiəlɔgz ənd ə ˈtrɛʒəri dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɔn riˈvɛnʤ fər nɑt ˈgɪtɪŋ ðɛr weɪ læst taɪm raʊnd. ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm kʊd bi ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk fər ðə nhs*, ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ənd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt peɪ fər nɔrθ əv ðə ˈbɔrdər. bæd ɪˈnəf bət ðə ril kɪk ɪn ðə fər ðoʊz ˈleɪbər ˈjunjənəst ˈdaɪˌhɑrdz ˈtɛmptɪd tɪ swɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈtɔˌriz. ðə jɛs kæmˈpeɪn lɔst ɪn 2014 bɪˈkəz ðeɪ kʊd nɑt ˈɔfər ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət trəmpt ˈbɛtər ˈpulɪŋ ənd ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈprɑməs əv steɪɪŋ ɪn ˈbrɪtən. ɪf ðə ˈtɔˌriz du wɪn ə ˈbɪgər məˈʤɔrəti ðɪs taɪm raʊnd ənd ðeɪ du rɪp əp bɑrˈnɛt ənd kət ˈbɪljənz frəm ɑr ˈbəʤɪts, ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɑrgjəmənts fər steɪɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈjunjən ər nəl ənd vɔɪd. ənd ðət meɪ bi mɔr ðən ɪˈnəf tɪ swɪŋ ə ˈsɛkənd ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ðə weɪ əv jɛs. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlɪtəl ˈɛvədəns ðət ðə ˈtɔˌriz hæv ˈɛvər bɪn ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bət dɪˈzæstrəs fər ðə ˈjunjən. (ˈɪmɪʤ: pɑ) ɪt wɑz ðə ˈtɔˌriz hu prɑpt əp ˈæləks ˈsælmənd æt frəm 2007 tɪ 2011 ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ˈnæʃənəlɪsts ðə ˈsprɪŋˌbɔrd ðeɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ hoʊld ðə fərst ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm. ɪt wɑz ðə ˈtɔˌriz hu ˈhændɪd ə ˈmeɪʤər bust tɪ nɪˈkoʊlɑ 2015 ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən kæmˈpeɪn baɪ ˈsɪnɪkəli ˈpɪtɪŋ ˈɪŋglənd əˈgɛnst ˈskɑtlənd baɪ ˈtɔkɪŋ əp ə ˈfænəsi ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˈleɪbər ənd ðə. ənd ɪt wɑz ðə ˈtɔˌriz hu kɔzd ðə ənˈhoʊli mɛs ðət həz pʊt ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv ə ˈsɛkənd bæk ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəl ɪn səʧ ʃɔrt ˈɔrdər. ɪˈlɛkʃənz ər əˈbaʊt ˈʧɔɪsɪz bət nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ɛz ˈsɪmpəl ɛz ə krɔs ɪn ðə bɑks. wi noʊ ə lɔt əv θɔt goʊz ˈɪntu ðə dɪˈsɪʒən. wɪn ˈpipəl ˈvoʊtɪd fər ðə ˈtɔˌriz ɪn ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ ɪˈlɛkʃən læst jɪr, ɪt wɑz tɪ klɪp ðə wɪŋz əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt æt. θru ðə ˈwɪzdəm əv kraʊdz, ðə ˈvoʊtərz gɑt ɪgˈzæktli wət ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd ðə wər dɪˈnaɪd ə məˈʤɔrəti bət rɪˈmeɪnd ðə ˈdɑmənənt fɔrs ɪn ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈpɑləˌtɪks. bət əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ˈtrænsfər ðət nuɑnst ˈvoʊtɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒən ənd fju ɪˈlɛktərəts ər mɔr ɪkˈspɪriənst ər səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ðən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən tɪ ə ˌwɛstˈmɪnstər ɪˈlɛkʃən sɪˈnɛrioʊ ɪz ˈwɪʃfəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ. (ˈɪmɪʤ: pɑ waɪər) ʃʊr, mɔr ðən hæf ðə ˈvoʊtərz ər əˈgɛnst ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ənd wɔnt ðɛr voʊts tɪ bi ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz səm kaɪnd əv ɛnˈdɔrsmənt fər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈvɪʒən, ɛz ðeɪ wər ˈæftər ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm. ˌəndərˈstændəbəl ðət ˈpipəl wʊd wɔnt tɪ ə message”*” tɪ ðə əˈbaʊt ˈhævɪŋ ðɛr voʊts ˈhaɪˌʤækt fər əˈnəðər ˈpərpəs. ðət ɪz ðə ˈrizən ruθ ˈtɔˌriz juz ðət ɛz ðɛr slaɪ ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈmɛsɪʤ. bət ɪf ˈpipəl voʊt ˈtɔri ðɪs taɪm, ɪt ɪz fər ril. ə ˈtɔri ˈgəvərnmənt ə ˈvɪʃəs ˈtɔri ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz wət ðeɪ wɪl gɪt. ðət wɪl nɑt bi ɪn ðɛr oʊn ˈɪntərɪsts ər ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv ˈmɛni əv ðɛr frɛndz ənd ˈfæməliz. fər ˈleɪbər ˈvoʊtərz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əv ˈlɛndɪŋ voʊts tɪ ˈtɔri ˈkænədɪts, ðɛr ər ˈəðər ˈʧɔɪsɪz. ðeɪ meɪ nɑt bi greɪt ˈʧɔɪsɪz bət ðeɪ ər ɔl ˈbɛtər ðən ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈtɔri ɪn 40 deɪz. soʊ bi ˈkɛrfəl wət ju wɪʃ fər. ju hæv bɪn wɔrnd.

that did not take long. last night we found out that tim would not be retained as defensive coordinator. today it was announced that linebackers coach at florida state greg hudson would be taking over as the defensive guru under new coach darrell hazel. on affiliate broke the news: sources indicate that florida state linebackers coach greg hudson hasepted the offer to become the new defensive coordinator at purdue. i love this news. florida state had a defense that actually stopped people this season. in the two games i watched extensively (miami and northern illinois) they strangled the life out of two pretty good offenses. against miami the hurricanes jumped out to an early lead then nothing worked for the rest of the game. hudson was a dc at east carolina from. in that time the pirates went,,,, and with a pair of championships and a stout defense. the 2008 season was especially good as the pirates opened with wins against virginia tech and west virginia. virginia tech went on to win the and the orange bowl that season. hudson has been linebackers coach at cincinnati (1997-2000), minnesota (2001-2004), and florida state) while playing at notre dame for two seasons. therefore, we've seen him before with the golden gophers (who were at their best under glen mason at that time) and the fighting irish. this season was a very good one for fsu, as the seminoles were, won the, and won the orange bowl with a philosophy. the noles were scoring nationally at points per game given up and held teams to 10 or fewer points six times in 14 games. christian jones is one of the linebackers in the country and could go pro early as a player that hudson coached. smith is also pretty damn good in his own right. hudson can help us fix a vast, gaping hole at linebacker that last saw niko and landon johnson as dominant players a decade ago. since they left purdue had has a revolving door of decent, but not great linebackers and the overall defensive unit has struggled as a result.

ðət dɪd nɑt teɪk lɔŋ. læst naɪt wi faʊnd aʊt ðət tɪm wʊd nɑt bi rɪˈteɪnd ɛz dɪˈfɛnsɪv koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər. təˈdeɪ ɪt wɑz əˈnaʊnst ðət ˈlaɪnˌbækərz koʊʧ æt ˈflɔrɪdə steɪt grɛg ˈhədsən wʊd bi ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈoʊvər ɛz ðə dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈguˌru ˈəndər nu koʊʧ ˈdɛrəl ˈheɪzəl. ɔn əˈfɪliˌeɪt broʊk ðə nuz: ˈsɔrsəz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ˈflɔrɪdə steɪt ˈlaɪnˌbækərz koʊʧ grɛg ˈhədsən həz ækˈsɛptɪd ðə ˈɔfər tɪ bɪˈkəm ðə nu dɪˈfɛnsɪv koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər æt pərˈdu. aɪ ləv ðɪs nuz. ˈflɔrɪdə steɪt hæd ə dɪˈfɛns ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli stɑpt ˈpipəl ðɪs ˈsizən. ɪn ðə tu geɪmz aɪ wɔʧt ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli (maɪˈæmi ənd ˈnɔrðərn ˌɪləˈnɔɪz) ðeɪ ˈstræŋgəld ðə laɪf aʊt əv tu ˈprɪti gʊd əˈfɛnsɪz. əˈgɛnst maɪˈæmi ðə ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ʤəmpt aʊt tɪ ən ˈərli lɛd ðɛn ˈnəθɪŋ wərkt fər ðə rɛst əv ðə geɪm. ˈhədsən wɑz ə ˌdiˈsi æt ist ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə frəm ɪn ðət taɪm ðə ˈpaɪrəts wɛnt ənd wɪθ ə pɛr əv ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps ənd ə staʊt dɪˈfɛns. ðə 2008 ˈsizən wɑz əˈspɛʃəli gʊd ɛz ðə ˈpaɪrəts ˈoʊpənd wɪθ wɪnz əˈgɛnst vərˈʤɪnjə tɛk ənd wɛst vərˈʤɪnjə. vərˈʤɪnjə tɛk wɛnt ɔn tɪ wɪn ðə ənd ðə ˈɔrɪnʤ boʊl ðət ˈsizən. ˈhədsən həz bɪn ˈlaɪnˌbækərz koʊʧ æt ˌsɪnsəˈnæti ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ənd ˈflɔrɪdə steɪt waɪl pleɪɪŋ æt ˈnoʊtər deɪm fər tu ˈsizənz. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, wiv sin ɪm ˌbiˈfɔr wɪθ ðə ˈgoʊldən ˈgoʊfərz (hu wər æt ðɛr bɛst ˈəndər glɛn ˈmeɪsən æt ðət taɪm) ənd ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈaɪrɪʃ. ðɪs ˈsizən wɑz ə ˈvɛri gʊd wən fər fsu*, ɛz ðə ˈsɛmɪˌnoʊlz wər wən ðə, ənd wən ðə ˈɔrɪnʤ boʊl wɪθ ə fəˈlɑsəfi. ðə noʊlz wər ˈskɔrɪŋ ˈnæʃənəli æt pɔɪnts pər geɪm ˈgɪvɪn əp ənd hɛld timz tɪ 10 ər fjuər pɔɪnts sɪks taɪmz ɪn 14 geɪmz. ˈkrɪsʧɪn ʤoʊnz ɪz wən əv ðə ˈlaɪnˌbækərz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ənd kʊd goʊ proʊ ˈərli ɛz ə pleɪər ðət ˈhədsən koʊʧt. smɪθ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈprɪti dæm gʊd ɪn hɪz oʊn raɪt. ˈhədsən kən hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs fɪks ə væst, ˈgeɪpɪŋ hoʊl æt ˈlaɪnˌbækər ðət læst sɔ ˈnikoʊ ənd ˈlændən ˈʤɑnsən ɛz ˈdɑmənənt pleɪərz ə ˈdɛkeɪd əˈgoʊ. sɪns ðeɪ lɛft pərˈdu hæd həz ə riˈvɑlvɪŋ dɔr əv ˈdisənt, bət nɑt greɪt ˈlaɪnˌbækərz ənd ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈjunɪt həz ˈstrəgəld ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt.

contrary to fears raised by marijuana opponents, teen use of cannabis is trending downward in most states that have legalized it for adult use. according to new data from the national survey on drug use and health (nsduh), the percentage of colorado teens who used marijuana in the past year is down more than two points in the version of the study as compared to the edition. the same is true in washington state. in washington, d.c., the drop was nearly three points. a smaller decline was seen in oregon, while alaska showed a slight rise. annual teen cannabis use is also down across the u.s. as a whole, but the drop was less significant than that experienced in colorado and washington, the first two states to legalize marijuana. percentage of who used marijuana in the past year state alaska colorado district of columbia oregon washington total u.s. similar drops were seen in most legalization states for monthly teen cannabis use as well. percentage of who used marijuana in the past month state alaska colorado district of columbia oregon washington total u.s. colorado and washington state legalized marijuana in 2012, with alaska, oregon and washington, d.c. ending cannabis prohibition in 2014. (four additional states voted to legalize marijuana in 2016, but those programs running when the new survey was completed.) while legalization opponents have long argued that ending prohibition would lead to skyrocketing use by young people, that seem to be happening. advocates, on the other hand, have maintained that regulating and controlling the cannabis market and instituting strict age restrictions would actually give teens less access to marijuana than they had when it was illegal and there were no checks for age at the point of sale. in a facebook post, cannabis consulting firm freedman and koski, inc, which is run by former top marijuana official, said that the drop in teen use in the state “coincides with an increase in funding prevention programs from cannabis taxes.” “colorado is effectively regulating marijuana for adult use. teen use appears to be dropping now that state and local authorities are overseeing the production and sale of marijuana,” said brian vicente, partner at vicente llc, and one of the lead drafters of legalization measure. “there are serious penalties for selling to minors, and regulated cannabis businesses are being vigilant in checking ids. the days of arresting thousands of adults in order to prevent teens from using marijuana are over.” the new state numbers are part of a state breakdown of data that was released last week.

ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ fɪrz reɪzd baɪ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə əˈpoʊnənts, tin juz əv ˈkænəbəs ɪz ˈtrɛndɪŋ ˈdaʊnwərd ɪn moʊst steɪts ðət hæv ˈligəˌlaɪzd ɪt fər ˈædəlt juz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ nu ˈdætə frəm ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsərˌveɪ ɔn drəg juz ənd hɛlθ (nsduh*), ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ tinz hu juzd ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɪn ðə pæst jɪr ɪz daʊn mɔr ðən tu pɔɪnts ɪn ðə ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈstədi ɛz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ɪˈdɪʃən. ðə seɪm ɪz tru ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən steɪt. ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*., ðə drɔp wɑz ˈnɪrli θri pɔɪnts. ə sˈmɔlər dɪˈklaɪn wɑz sin ɪn ˈɔrəˌgɑn, waɪl əˈlæskə ʃoʊd ə slaɪt raɪz. ˈænjuəl tin ˈkænəbəs juz ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ daʊn əˈkrɔs ðə juz. ɛz ə hoʊl, bət ðə drɔp wɑz lɛs sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ðən ðət ɪkˈspɪriənst ɪn ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ənd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ðə fərst tu steɪts tɪ ˈligəˌlaɪz ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə. pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv hu juzd ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɪn ðə pæst jɪr steɪt əˈlæskə ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ˈdɪstrɪkt əv kəˈləmbiə ˈɔrəˌgɑn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈtoʊtəl juz. ˈsɪmələr drɑps wər sin ɪn moʊst ˌligələˈzeɪʃən steɪts fər ˈmənθli tin ˈkænəbəs juz ɛz wɛl. pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv hu juzd ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɪn ðə pæst mənθ steɪt əˈlæskə ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ˈdɪstrɪkt əv kəˈləmbiə ˈɔrəˌgɑn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈtoʊtəl juz. ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ənd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən steɪt ˈligəˌlaɪzd ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɪn 2012 wɪθ əˈlæskə, ˈɔrəˌgɑn ənd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. ˈɛndɪŋ ˈkænəbəs ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən ɪn 2014 (fɔr əˈdɪʃənəl steɪts ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ˈligəˌlaɪz ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɪn 2016 bət ðoʊz ˈproʊˌgræmz ˈrənɪŋ wɪn ðə nu ˈsərˌveɪ wɑz kəmˈplitɪd.) waɪl ˌligələˈzeɪʃən əˈpoʊnənts hæv lɔŋ ˈɑrgjud ðət ˈɛndɪŋ ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən wʊd lɛd tɪ ˈskaɪˌrɑkətɪŋ juz baɪ jəŋ ˈpipəl, ðət sim tɪ bi ˈhæpənɪŋ. ˈædvəˌkeɪts, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, hæv meɪnˈteɪnd ðət ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ ənd kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ðə ˈkænəbəs ˈmɑrkɪt ənd ˈɪnstɪˌtutɪŋ strɪkt eɪʤ riˈstrɪkʃənz wʊd ˈæˌkʧuəli gɪv tinz lɛs ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ðən ðeɪ hæd wɪn ɪt wɑz ˌɪˈligəl ənd ðɛr wər noʊ ʧɛks fər eɪʤ æt ðə pɔɪnt əv seɪl. ɪn ə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk poʊst, ˈkænəbəs kənˈsəltɪŋ fərm ˈfridmən ənd ˈkaʊski, ɪŋk, wɪʧ ɪz rən baɪ ˈfɔrmər tɔp ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə əˈfɪʃəl, sɛd ðət ðə drɔp ɪn tin juz ɪn ðə steɪt wɪθ ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈfəndɪŋ priˈvɛnʃən ˈproʊˌgræmz frəm ˈkænəbəs taxes.”*.” ɪz ˈifɛktɪvli ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə fər ˈædəlt juz. tin juz əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˈdrɑpɪŋ naʊ ðət steɪt ənd ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrətiz ər ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ ðə pərˈdəkʃən ənd seɪl əv marijuana,”*,” sɛd braɪən viˈʧɛnti, ˈpɑrtnər æt viˈʧɛnti llc*, ənd wən əv ðə lɛd ˈdræftərz əv ˌligələˈzeɪʃən ˈmɛʒər. ər ˈsɪriəs ˈpɛnəltiz fər ˈsɛlɪŋ tɪ ˈmaɪnərz, ənd ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd ˈkænəbəs ˈbɪznɪsɪz ər biɪŋ ˈvɪʤələnt ɪn ˈʧɛkɪŋ ˈaɪˈdiz. ðə deɪz əv ərˈɛstɪŋ ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈædəlts ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ prɪˈvɛnt tinz frəm ˈjuzɪŋ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ər over.”*.” ðə nu steɪt ˈnəmbərz ər pɑrt əv ə steɪt ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn əv ˈdætə ðət wɑz riˈlist læst wik.

two students have found a human tooth from about years ago in a famous prehistoric cave in france , a discovery praised by archaeologists as the oldest human body part ever discovered in the country and being rare from that period in europe . the tooth was found last week during excavations at, one of europe's most important prehistoric sites, where about 40 volunteers are working under the supervision of scientists. chevalier told the associated press that the adult tooth would help fill a gap between the very few oldest human fossils, notably found in spain and germany , and more recent ones. thousands of finds on the site include prehistoric tools and bones from animals, especially horses, and buffaloes. "we believe these men have lived for a long time in the cave or have regularly come back into it," chevalier said. "we also know that the area was quite cold at the time. it was a steppe, with no trees. there had to be some long periods with snow." volunteer archaeologists at work in the cave (afp) these latest findings haven't been the subject of a scientific publication yet, but is recognised as a reference by archaeologists all over the world. there have been excavations at the cave for about 50 years and it is famous for the discovery of human skull in the early 1970s, known by scientists as the man". christian, a geologist and archaeologist who has been director of's excavations for nine years, told the ap that his team used several dating processes to determine the age of the tooth. mr said he is "pretty confident" that his team will find more human fossils from this period on the site. "our daily life is to determine what human activities looked like years ago," he said. professor chris stringer, merit researcher in human origins at the natural history museum of london, wrote in an email to the ap that teeth of this age are very important as they probably belonged to the species homo heidelbergensis, which is already known from (in) in france, mauer in germany and in england". "if the tooth has calculus (tartar) attached to it, this may also provide direct evidence of the diet of these ancient humans," he added.

tu ˈstudənts hæv faʊnd ə ˈjumən tuθ frəm əˈbaʊt jɪrz əˈgoʊ ɪn ə ˈfeɪməs ˌprihɪˈstɔrɪk keɪv ɪn fræns ə ˌdɪˈskəvri preɪzd baɪ ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤɪsts ɛz ðə ˈoʊldəst ˈjumən ˈbɑdi pɑrt ˈɛvər dɪˈskəvərd ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ənd biɪŋ rɛr frəm ðət ˈpɪriəd ɪn ˈjʊrəp ðə tuθ wɑz faʊnd læst wik ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃənz æt, wən əv ˈjʊrəps moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌprihɪˈstɔrɪk saɪts, wɛr əˈbaʊt 40 ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz ər ˈwərkɪŋ ˈəndər ðə ˌsupərˈvɪʒən əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts. ˌʃɛvəˈlɪr toʊld ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs ðət ðə ˈædəlt tuθ wʊd hɛlp fɪl ə gæp bɪtˈwin ðə ˈvɛri fju ˈoʊldəst ˈjumən ˈfɑsəlz, ˈnoʊtəbli faʊnd ɪn speɪn ənd ˈʤərməni ənd mɔr ˈrisənt wənz. ˈθaʊzənz əv faɪndz ɔn ðə saɪt ˌɪnˈklud ˌprihɪˈstɔrɪk tulz ənd boʊnz frəm ˈænəməlz, əˈspɛʃəli ˈhɔrsɪz, ənd buffaloes*. "wi bɪˈliv ðiz mɛn hæv lɪvd fər ə lɔŋ taɪm ɪn ðə keɪv ər hæv ˈrɛgjələrli kəm bæk ˈɪntu ɪt," ˌʃɛvəˈlɪr sɛd. "wi ˈɔlsoʊ noʊ ðət ðə ˈɛriə wɑz kwaɪt koʊld æt ðə taɪm. ɪt wɑz ə stɛp, wɪθ noʊ triz. ðɛr hæd tɪ bi səm lɔŋ ˈpɪriədz wɪθ snoʊ." ˌvɑlənˈtɪr ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤɪsts æt wərk ɪn ðə keɪv (afp*) ðiz ˈleɪtəst ˈfaɪndɪŋz ˈhævənt bɪn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən jɛt, bət ɪz ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ɛz ə ˈrɛfərəns baɪ ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤɪsts ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld. ðɛr hæv bɪn ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃənz æt ðə keɪv fər əˈbaʊt 50 jɪrz ənd ɪt ɪz ˈfeɪməs fər ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri əv ˈjumən skəl ɪn ðə ˈərli 1970s*, noʊn baɪ ˈsaɪəntɪsts ɛz ðə mæn". ˈkrɪsʧɪn, ə ʤiˈɑləʤəst ənd ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤɪst hu həz bɪn dɪˈrɛktər əv ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃənz fər naɪn jɪrz, toʊld ðə ˌeɪˈpi ðət hɪz tim juzd ˈsɛvərəl ˈdeɪtɪŋ ˈprɑsɛsəz tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðə eɪʤ əv ðə tuθ. ˈmɪstər sɛd hi ɪz "ˈprɪti ˈkɑnfədənt" ðət hɪz tim wɪl faɪnd mɔr ˈjumən ˈfɑsəlz frəm ðɪs ˈpɪriəd ɔn ðə saɪt. "ɑr ˈdeɪli laɪf ɪz tɪ dɪˈtərmən wət ˈjumən ækˈtɪvɪtiz lʊkt laɪk jɪrz əˈgoʊ," hi sɛd. prəˈfɛsər krɪs ˈstrɪŋər, ˈmɛrət ˈrisərʧər ɪn ˈjumən ˈɔrəʤɪnz æt ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈhɪstəri mˈjuziəm əv ˈləndən, roʊt ɪn ən iˈmeɪl tɪ ðə ˌeɪˈpi ðət tiθ əv ðɪs eɪʤ ər ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɛz ðeɪ ˈprɑbəˌbli bɪˈlɔŋd tɪ ðə ˈspiʃiz ˈhoʊmoʊ heidelbergensis*, wɪʧ ɪz ɔˈrɛdi noʊn frəm (ɪn) ɪn fræns, maʊər ɪn ˈʤərməni ənd ɪn ˈɪŋglənd". "ɪf ðə tuθ həz ˈkælkjələs (ˈtɑrtər) əˈtæʧt tɪ ɪt, ðɪs meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪd dɪˈrɛkt ˈɛvədəns əv ðə daɪət əv ðiz ˈeɪnʧənt ˈjumənz," hi ˈædɪd.

the investigation into suspected collusion between us president donald trump and the russian government has claimed its first three victims: one (paul manafort) for completely unconnected money laundering charges, and two (george papadopoulos and michael flynn) for lying to investigators about things which were not themselves criminal, and which are therefore crimes which would never have happened had there never been an investigation. to date, the evidence of direct collusion between trump and the russians is looking a little thin, to say the least. now, into this maelstrom steps guardian reporter luke harding with his book collusion: secret meetings, dirty money, and how russian helped donald trump win. collusion spends over 300 pages insinuating that trump is a agent of the russian secret services, and hinting, without ever providing any firm evidence, that trump and his team acted on orders from the kremlin to subvert american democracy. be honest, and admit that i picked this book up expecting it to be a series of unsubstantiated conspiracy theories, and to be utterly unbalanced in its analysis, and in that sense not an unbiased reader. at the same time, i was interested to see if harding had come up with anything that everybody else had not, and was willing to give him a chance. i have bothered. for alas, my worst suspicions proved to be true, and then some. the first thing to note about collusion is that most of it is padding. that is to say, that it consists mainly of a lot of digressions in which harding describes people and events not directly related to the main story of collusion. whenever a new character is introduced, you tend to get pages of background information, along with descriptions of various places been to, things done in the past, and so on. at the start of the book, for instance, harding introduces christopher steele, who prepared an infamous dossier purportedly based on secret sources within the kremlin, which made all sort of extreme accusations against trump. we learn about parents, his childhood, his education, his career, and so on. harding recounts how he met steele. we learn about how they tried one café, then another, who drank what, etc, etc. this pretty much sets the tone for the rest of the book. a lot of padding. this padding makes collusion an easy read, and gives it colour, and the of a spy novel. but none of it adds anything to our knowledge of donald trump and his relationship with russia. just filler, designed to cover up the fact that, when it comes to the matter of collusion, harding have a whole lot new to say and certainly have enough to fill up an entire book. the second thing to note is that modes of argumentation and standards of evidence are not how can i be polite about this? what used to as an academic. take the example of former convention manager, paul manafort, to whom harding devotes an entire chapter, obviously on the basis that the connection somehow proves a connection. the problem harding has is that, despite pages of fluff about manafort, he got any evidence that manafort is a kremlin agent. in fact, he quotes one source a former ukrainian official, oleg as telling him that when manafort worked as a political advisor to ukrainian president viktor: manafort was an advocate for us interests. so much so that the joke inside the party of regions [in ukraine] was that he actually worked for the usa. he supported association with nato and with the eu. he warned not to lock up [former prime minister iuliia] tymoshenko. “if it for paul, ukraine would have gone under russia much earlier,” told me. this is pretty funny behaviour for a kremlin agent, and harding has to admit that, “it’s unclear to what extent, if any, manafort was involved in supplying intelligence to russia.” this fit with the conclusion that harding obviously wants readers to draw that manafort was a kremlin agent, and so trump must be too. so, he comes up with something else: some of associates in ukraine “were to have links with russian intelligence.” note the use of the word “rumoured”. not exactly convincing, but good enough for luke, who uses it to tell a story about one such associate, konstantin. harding recounts that he contacted by email to ask him about his relationship with manafort. responds by telling him that the collusion accusations are “insane” and “gibberish”, and signs off his email with a bit of self-mockery: “off to collect my paycheck at kgb. :))” and where it gets interesting. for harding thinks something suspicious about’s answer. he writes: the thing which gave me pause was’s use of smiley faces. true, russians are big emoticon fans. but seen something similar before. in 2013 the russian diplomat in charge of political influence operations in london was named sergey. had close links with russian intelligence. he was the son of a kgb general; his brother had worked for the fsb; looked like a career foreign intelligence officer. maybe even a deputy resident, the kgb term for station chief. on his twitter feed described himself thus: a brutal agent of the putin dictatorship : ) and it. evidence. just to make sure readers get the point, he follows the last line up with a double paragraph space. stop and think what this means, he seems to be saying. someone who “looked like a career foreign intelligence officer” uses smiley faces. uses smiley faces!!! say no more. this is the level at which logic works. harding recounts a meeting of trump and russian foreign minister sergei in the white house, a meeting which was photographed by someone from the russian news agency tass. as harding tells us: the times put the photo of trump and on its front page. at the bottom of the photo taken inside the white house was a credit. it said: “russian foreign ministry.” yet another double paragraph break follows, just to make sure that readers take in the implication of what this means. take another example. we learn (which in fact we knew already if been following this story) that short-lived national security advisor, and former head of the us defense intelligence agency, michael flynn, attended a conference on the subject of intelligence at cambridge university, where he met a russian woman, svetlana lokhova. harding admits that, “there is no suggestion she is linked to russian intelligence.” nevertheless, he feels it necessary to tell us that flynn later corresponded with her by email. he writes: in his emails, flynn signed off in an unusual way for a us spy. he called himself “general misha.” misha is the russian equivalent of michael. again, harding then introduces a section break, leaving this ominous fact hanging in the air. think of what it means, he is saying! this is typical of how harding argues. he puts in some suspicious sounding fact, or asks some question, and then just leaves it hanging. the implication is that the question need answering, that the most damaging and extreme answer is obviously true. an awful lot of this technique in collusion. harding spends pages on a digression about russian billionaire before telling us that’s private jet sometimes parks next to that of donald trump. seems suspicious, huh? except that harding tells us that, ‘the white house said that trump and had never met. this appears to be true.” but harding satisfied, and asks, “had he [rybovlev] perhaps met someone else from entourage during his travels? like, for example, personal lawyer michael cohen?” later, harding tells us that’s yacht was once at dubrovnik at the same time as yacht. “was this perhaps planned” he asks. harding’s method is to ask these questions, as if asking was itself proof of guilt. trump borrowed money from deutsche bank. deutsche bank was bailed out at one point by the russian bank vtb. “was there a connection?” harding asks. but harding answer these questions. in fact, one of the interesting things about this book is that again and again the author has to confess that the facts really fit what trying to say. for instance, when discussing trump and deutsche bank, and trying to make it sound as if trump was in some way connected to the kremlin because he was borrowing from the germans, harding writes, “the sources insist that the answer was negative. no trail to moscow was ever discovered, they told us.” this a lone example. harding spends quite a few pages discussing carter page, a businessman who appeared on and gave a talk at the higher school of economics in moscow, and who at one point had a marginal role in the trump election campaign. clear that he wants it all to sound really damaging. and yet, he writes that “attempts to meet trump individually failed.” so, it turns out that not much of a connection there after all. likewise, when discussing russian computer hackers, harding writes: “by the second decade of the twenty-first century the cyber world looked like the high seas of long ago. the hackers who sailed on it might be likened to privateers. sometimes they acted for the ‘state’, sometimes against it.” this rather undermines his claim that the russian state was behind the hacking of the democratic national committee. in another example, harding discusses the sudden death of oleg, who worked for the oil company rosneft. he speculates that “erovinkin was source deep inside rosneft,” and was murdered because word of document had leaked out. the murder, he implies, is proof of the validity. except that harding admits that, “there was nothing suspicious about sudden death” and “steele was adamant that his source.” yet this stop harding from writing that, “in the wake of the dossier the kremlin did appear to be wiping out some kind of american or western espionage network. it certainly looked that way.” i could give other examples, but i make this review too long. the point is that harding ignores his own evidence. he argues by innuendo, and on occasion he just lets his imagine run away with itself. dossier alleged that trump had hired prostitutes while on a trip to moscow. vladimir response was to crack a joke about russian prostitutes being the best in the world. but to harding it a joke. as he writes: putin may have been sending a second message, darkly visible beneath the choppy, translucent waters of the first. it said: got the tape, donald! i wish i could say that this book was a joke. if you were going to write a parody of the collusion story, this is perhaps what it would look like. unfortunately, harding is deadly serious and i suspect that a lot of uncritical readers will soak it all up, not stopping to reflect on the awful methodology. so, i end on a word of warning. by all means read this book. but do so in order to find out the truth about donald trump and russia; do so in order to understand the methods currently being used to relations. in that respect, collusion is really quite revealing. advertisements

ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu səˈspɛktɪd kəˈluʒən bɪtˈwin ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp ənd ðə ˈrəʃən ˈgəvərnmənt həz kleɪmd ɪts fərst θri ˈvɪktɪmz: wən (pɔl ˈmænəfɔrt) fər kəmˈplitli ˌənkəˈnɛktɪd ˈməni ˈlɔndərɪŋ ˈʧɑrʤɪz, ənd tu (ʤɔrʤ ˌpɑpəˈdɑpələs ənd ˈmaɪkəl flɪn) fər laɪɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz əˈbaʊt θɪŋz wɪʧ wər nɑt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈkrɪmənəl, ənd wɪʧ ər ˈðɛrˌfɔr kraɪmz wɪʧ wʊd ˈnɛvər hæv ˈhæpənd hæd ðɛr ˈnɛvər bɪn ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. tɪ deɪt, ðə ˈɛvədəns əv dɪˈrɛkt kəˈluʒən bɪtˈwin trəmp ənd ðə ˈrəʃənz ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl θɪn, tɪ seɪ ðə list. naʊ, ˈɪntu ðɪs ˈmeɪlstrəm stɛps ˈgɑrdiən rɪˈpɔrtər luk ˈhɑrdɪŋ wɪθ hɪz bʊk kəˈluʒən: ˈsikrɪt ˈmitɪŋz, ˈdərti ˈməni, ənd haʊ ˈrəʃən hɛlpt ˈdɑnəld trəmp wɪn. kəˈluʒən spɛnz ˈoʊvər 300 ˈpeɪʤɪz ˌɪnˈsɪnjueɪtɪŋ ðət trəmp ɪz ə ˈeɪʤənt əv ðə ˈrəʃən ˈsikrɪt ˈsərvɪsɪz, ənd ˈhɪntɪŋ, wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛvər prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈɛni fərm ˈɛvədəns, ðət trəmp ənd hɪz tim ˈæktɪd ɔn ˈɔrdərz frəm ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn tɪ səbˈvərt əˈmɛrɪkən dɪˈmɑkrəsi. bi ˈɑnəst, ənd ədˈmɪt ðət aɪ pɪkt ðɪs bʊk əp ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ɪt tɪ bi ə ˈsɪriz əv ˌənsəbˈstænʃiˌeɪtɪd kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz, ənd tɪ bi ˈətərli ənˈbælənst ɪn ɪts æˈnælɪsɪs, ənd ɪn ðət sɛns nɑt ən ˌənˈbaɪəst ˈridər. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, aɪ wɑz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd tɪ si ɪf ˈhɑrdɪŋ hæd kəm əp wɪθ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɛls hæd nɑt, ənd wɑz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ gɪv ɪm ə ʧæns. aɪ hæv ˈbɑðərd. fər əˈlæs, maɪ wərst səˈspɪʃənz pruvd tɪ bi tru, ənd ðɛn səm. ðə fərst θɪŋ tɪ noʊt əˈbaʊt kəˈluʒən ɪz ðət moʊst əv ɪt ɪz ˈpædɪŋ. ðət ɪz tɪ seɪ, ðət ɪt kənˈsɪsts ˈmeɪnli əv ə lɔt əv daɪˈgrɛʃənz ɪn wɪʧ ˈhɑrdɪŋ dɪˈskraɪbz ˈpipəl ənd ɪˈvɛnts nɑt dɪˈrɛkli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri əv kəˈluʒən. wɛˈnɛvər ə nu ˈkɛrɪktər ɪz ˌɪntrəˈdust, ju tɛnd tɪ gɪt ˈpeɪʤɪz əv ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ dɪˈskrɪpʃənz əv ˈvɛriəs ˈpleɪsɪz bɪn tɪ, θɪŋz dən ɪn ðə pæst, ənd soʊ ɔn. æt ðə stɑrt əv ðə bʊk, fər ˈɪnstəns, ˈhɑrdɪŋ ˌɪntrəˈdusɪz ˈkrɪstəfər stil, hu priˈpɛrd ən ˈɪnfəməs ˌdɔsˈjeɪ pərˈpɔrtɪˌdli beɪst ɔn ˈsikrɪt ˈsɔrsəz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn, wɪʧ meɪd ɔl sɔrt əv ɪkˈstrim ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst trəmp. wi lərn əˈbaʊt ˈpɛrənts, hɪz ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd, hɪz ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, hɪz kərɪr, ənd soʊ ɔn. ˈhɑrdɪŋ ˌriˈkaʊnts haʊ hi mɛt stil. wi lərn əˈbaʊt haʊ ðeɪ traɪd wən café*é, ðɛn əˈnəðər, hu dræŋk wət, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ðɪs ˈprɪti məʧ sɛts ðə toʊn fər ðə rɛst əv ðə bʊk. ə lɔt əv ˈpædɪŋ. ðɪs ˈpædɪŋ meɪks kəˈluʒən ən ˈizi rɛd, ənd gɪvz ɪt ˈkələr, ənd ðə əv ə spaɪ ˈnɑvəl. bət nən əv ɪt ædz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ ɑr ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ˈdɑnəld trəmp ənd hɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈrəʃə. ʤɪst ˈfɪlər, dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈkəvər əp ðə fækt ðət, wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðə ˈmætər əv kəˈluʒən, ˈhɑrdɪŋ hæv ə hoʊl lɔt nu tɪ seɪ ənd ˈsərtənli hæv ɪˈnəf tɪ fɪl əp ən ɪnˈtaɪər bʊk. ðə ˈsɛkənd θɪŋ tɪ noʊt ɪz ðət moʊdz əv ˌɑrgjəmɛnˈteɪʃən ənd ˈstændərdz əv ˈɛvədəns ər nɑt haʊ kən aɪ bi pəˈlaɪt əˈbaʊt ðɪs? wət juzd tɪ ɛz ən ˌækəˈdɛmɪk. teɪk ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ˈfɔrmər kənˈvɛnʃən ˈmænɪʤər, pɔl ˈmænəfɔrt, tɪ hum ˈhɑrdɪŋ dɪˈvoʊts ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈʧæptər, ˈɑbviəsli ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs ðət ðə kəˈnɛkʃən ˈsəmˌhaʊ pruvz ə kəˈnɛkʃən. ðə ˈprɑbləm ˈhɑrdɪŋ həz ɪz ðət, dɪˈspaɪt ˈpeɪʤɪz əv fləf əˈbaʊt ˈmænəfɔrt, hi gɑt ˈɛni ˈɛvədəns ðət ˈmænəfɔrt ɪz ə ˈkrɛmlɪn ˈeɪʤənt. ɪn fækt, hi kwoʊts wən sɔrs ə ˈfɔrmər juˈkreɪniən əˈfɪʃəl, ˈoʊləg ɛz ˈtɛlɪŋ ɪm ðət wɪn ˈmænəfɔrt wərkt ɛz ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ædˈvaɪzər tɪ juˈkreɪniən ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈvɪktər: ˈmænəfɔrt wɑz ən ˈædvəˌkeɪt fər ˈjuˈɛs ˈɪntərɪsts. soʊ məʧ soʊ ðət ðə ʤoʊk ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈpɑrti əv ˈriʤənz [ɪn juˈkreɪn] wɑz ðət hi ˈæˌkʧuəli wərkt fər ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ. hi səˈpɔrtɪd əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɪθ ˈneɪtoʊ ənd wɪθ ðə eu*. hi wɔrnd nɑt tɪ lɑk əp [ˈfɔrmər praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər iuliia*] tymoshenko*. ɪt fər pɔl, juˈkreɪn wʊd hæv gɔn ˈəndər ˈrəʃə məʧ earlier,”*,” toʊld mi. ðɪs ɪz ˈprɪti ˈfəni bɪˈheɪvjər fər ə ˈkrɛmlɪn ˈeɪʤənt, ənd ˈhɑrdɪŋ həz tɪ ədˈmɪt ðət, ənˈklɪr tɪ wət ɪkˈstɛnt, ɪf ˈɛni, ˈmænəfɔrt wɑz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn səˈplaɪɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ russia.”*.” ðɪs fɪt wɪθ ðə kənˈkluʒən ðət ˈhɑrdɪŋ ˈɑbviəsli wɔnts ˈridərz tɪ drɔ ðət ˈmænəfɔrt wɑz ə ˈkrɛmlɪn ˈeɪʤənt, ənd soʊ trəmp məst bi tu. soʊ, hi kəmz əp wɪθ ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls: səm əv əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts ɪn juˈkreɪn tɪ hæv lɪŋks wɪθ ˈrəʃən intelligence.”*.” noʊt ðə juz əv ðə wərd ““rumoured”*”. nɑt ɪgˈzæktli kənˈvɪnsɪŋ, bət gʊd ɪˈnəf fər luk, hu ˈjuzɪz ɪt tɪ tɛl ə ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt wən səʧ əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt, ˈkɑnstɪnˌtin. ˈhɑrdɪŋ ˌriˈkaʊnts ðət hi ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd baɪ iˈmeɪl tɪ æsk ɪm əˈbaʊt hɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈmænəfɔrt. rɪˈspɑndz baɪ ˈtɛlɪŋ ɪm ðət ðə kəˈluʒən ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz ər ““insane”*” ənd ““gibberish”*”, ənd saɪnz ɔf hɪz iˈmeɪl wɪθ ə bɪt əv self-mockery*: tɪ kəˈlɛkt maɪ ˈpeɪˌʧɛk æt ˌkeɪˌʤiˈbi. ənd wɛr ɪt gɪts ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ. fər ˈhɑrdɪŋ θɪŋks ˈsəmθɪŋ səˈspɪʃəs əˈbaʊt ˈænsər. hi raɪts: ðə θɪŋ wɪʧ geɪv mi pɔz wɑz juz əv sˈmaɪli ˈfeɪsɪz. tru, ˈrəʃənz ər bɪg əˈmoʊtəˌkɑn fænz. bət sin ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈsɪmələr ˌbiˈfɔr. ɪn 2013 ðə ˈrəʃən ˈdɪpləˌmæt ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɪnfluəns ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ˈləndən wɑz neɪmd ˈsɛrʤi. hæd kloʊz lɪŋks wɪθ ˈrəʃən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns. hi wɑz ðə sən əv ə ˌkeɪˌʤiˈbi ˈʤɛnərəl; hɪz ˈbrəðər hæd wərkt fər ðə fsb*; lʊkt laɪk ə kərɪr ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈɔfɪsər. ˈmeɪbi ˈivɪn ə ˈdɛpjəti ˈrɛzɪdənt, ðə ˌkeɪˌʤiˈbi tərm fər ˈsteɪʃən ʧif. ɔn hɪz tˈwɪtər fid dɪˈskraɪbd hɪmˈsɛlf ðəs: ə ˈbrutəl ˈeɪʤənt əv ðə ˈputɪn dɪkˈteɪtərˌʃɪp ənd ɪt. ˈɛvədəns. ʤɪst tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ˈridərz gɪt ðə pɔɪnt, hi ˈfɑloʊz ðə læst laɪn əp wɪθ ə ˈdəbəl ˈpɛrəˌgræf speɪs. stɑp ənd θɪŋk wət ðɪs minz, hi simz tɪ bi seɪɪŋ. ˈsəmˌwən hu laɪk ə kərɪr ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns officer”*” ˈjuzɪz sˈmaɪli ˈfeɪsɪz. ˈjuzɪz sˈmaɪli ˈfeɪsɪz!!! seɪ noʊ mɔr. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈlɛvəl æt wɪʧ ˈlɑʤɪk wərks. ˈhɑrdɪŋ ˌriˈkaʊnts ə ˈmitɪŋ əv trəmp ənd ˈrəʃən ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər ˈsɛrˌgeɪ ɪn ðə waɪt haʊs, ə ˈmitɪŋ wɪʧ wɑz ˈfoʊtəˌgræft baɪ ˈsəmˌwən frəm ðə ˈrəʃən nuz ˈeɪʤənsi tæs. ɛz ˈhɑrdɪŋ tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs: ðə taɪmz pʊt ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv trəmp ənd ɔn ɪts frənt peɪʤ. æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈteɪkən ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə waɪt haʊs wɑz ə ˈkrɛdɪt. ɪt sɛd: ˈfɔrən ministry.”*.” jɛt əˈnəðər ˈdəbəl ˈpɛrəˌgræf breɪk ˈfɑloʊz, ʤɪst tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət ˈridərz teɪk ɪn ðə ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən əv wət ðɪs minz. teɪk əˈnəðər ɪgˈzæmpəl. wi lərn (wɪʧ ɪn fækt wi nu ɔˈrɛdi ɪf bɪn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðɪs ˈstɔri) ðət ˌʃɔrˈtlɪvd ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzər, ənd ˈfɔrmər hɛd əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs dɪˈfɛns ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənsi, ˈmaɪkəl flɪn, əˈtɛndəd ə ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns æt ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌjunəˈvərsəti, wɛr hi mɛt ə ˈrəʃən ˈwʊmən, sˌvɛˈtlɑnə lokhova*. ˈhɑrdɪŋ ədˈmɪts ðət, ɪz noʊ səˈʤɛsʧən ʃi ɪz lɪŋkt tɪ ˈrəʃən intelligence.”*.” ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, hi filz ɪt ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ tɛl ˈjuˈɛs ðət flɪn ˈleɪtər ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪd wɪθ hər baɪ iˈmeɪl. hi raɪts: ɪn hɪz iˈmeɪlz, flɪn saɪnd ɔf ɪn ən ənˈjuˌʒuəl weɪ fər ə ˈjuˈɛs spaɪ. hi kɔld hɪmˈsɛlf misha.”*.” ˈmɪʃə ɪz ðə ˈrəʃən ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv ˈmaɪkəl. əˈgɛn, ˈhɑrdɪŋ ðɛn ˌɪntrəˈdusɪz ə ˈsɛkʃən breɪk, ˈlivɪŋ ðɪs ˈɑmənəs fækt ˈhæŋɪŋ ɪn ðə ɛr. θɪŋk əv wət ɪt minz, hi ɪz seɪɪŋ! ðɪs ɪz ˈtɪpɪkəl əv haʊ ˈhɑrdɪŋ ˈɑrgjuz. hi pʊts ɪn səm səˈspɪʃəs ˈsaʊndɪŋ fækt, ər æsks səm kˈwɛʃən, ənd ðɛn ʤɪst livz ɪt ˈhæŋɪŋ. ðə ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən ɪz ðət ðə kˈwɛʃən nid ˈænsərɪŋ, ðət ðə moʊst ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ənd ɪkˈstrim ˈænsər ɪz ˈɑbviəsli tru. ən ˈɔfəl lɔt əv ðɪs tɛkˈnik ɪn kəˈluʒən. ˈhɑrdɪŋ spɛnz ˈpeɪʤɪz ɔn ə daɪˈgrɛʃən əˈbaʊt ˈrəʃən ˌbɪljəˈnɛr ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ðət ˈpraɪvət ʤɛt ˈsəmˌtaɪmz pɑrks nɛkst tɪ ðət əv ˈdɑnəld trəmp. simz səˈspɪʃəs, hə? ɪkˈsɛpt ðət ˈhɑrdɪŋ tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs ðət, waɪt haʊs sɛd ðət trəmp ənd hæd ˈnɛvər mɛt. ðɪs əˈpɪrz tɪ bi true.”*.” bət ˈhɑrdɪŋ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd, ənd æsks, hi [rybovlev*] pərˈhæps mɛt ˈsəmˌwən ɛls frəm ˌɑntʊˈrɑʒ ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈtrævəlz? laɪk, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈpərsɪnəl ˈlɔjər ˈmaɪkəl cohen?”*?” ˈleɪtər, ˈhɑrdɪŋ tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs ðət jɑt wɑz wəns æt duˈbrɑvnɪk æt ðə seɪm taɪm ɛz jɑt. ðɪs pərˈhæps planned”*” hi æsks. ˈmɛθəd ɪz tɪ æsk ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz, ɛz ɪf ˈæskɪŋ wɑz ˌɪtˈsɛlf pruf əv gɪlt. trəmp ˈbɑˌroʊd ˈməni frəm dɔɪʧ bæŋk. dɔɪʧ bæŋk wɑz beɪld aʊt æt wən pɔɪnt baɪ ðə ˈrəʃən bæŋk vtb*. ðɛr ə connection?”*?” ˈhɑrdɪŋ æsks. bət ˈhɑrdɪŋ ˈænsər ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz. ɪn fækt, wən əv ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ θɪŋz əˈbaʊt ðɪs bʊk ɪz ðət əˈgɛn ənd əˈgɛn ðə ˈɔθər həz tɪ kənˈfɛs ðət ðə fækts ˈrɪli fɪt wət traɪɪŋ tɪ seɪ. fər ˈɪnstəns, wɪn dɪˈskəsɪŋ trəmp ənd dɔɪʧ bæŋk, ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk ɪt saʊnd ɛz ɪf trəmp wɑz ɪn səm weɪ kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn bɪˈkəz hi wɑz ˈbɑroʊɪŋ frəm ðə ˈʤərmənz, ˈhɑrdɪŋ raɪts, ˈsɔrsəz ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət ðə ˈænsər wɑz ˈnɛgətɪv. noʊ treɪl tɪ ˈmɔˌskaʊ wɑz ˈɛvər dɪˈskəvərd, ðeɪ toʊld us.”*.” ðɪs ə loʊn ɪgˈzæmpəl. ˈhɑrdɪŋ spɛnz kwaɪt ə fju ˈpeɪʤɪz dɪˈskəsɪŋ ˈkɑrtər peɪʤ, ə ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn hu əˈpɪrd ɔn ənd geɪv ə tɔk æt ðə haɪər skul əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ɪn ˈmɔˌskaʊ, ənd hu æt wən pɔɪnt hæd ə ˈmɑrʤənəl roʊl ɪn ðə trəmp ɪˈlɛkʃən kæmˈpeɪn. klɪr ðət hi wɔnts ɪt ɔl tɪ saʊnd ˈrɪli ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ. ənd jɛt, hi raɪts ðət tɪ mit trəmp ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli failed.”*.” soʊ, ɪt tərnz aʊt ðət nɑt məʧ əv ə kəˈnɛkʃən ðɛr ˈæftər ɔl. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz, wɪn dɪˈskəsɪŋ ˈrəʃən kəmˈpjutər ˈhækərz, ˈhɑrdɪŋ raɪts: ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈdɛkeɪd əv ðə tˈwɛntiˌfərst ˈsɛnʧəri ðə ˈsaɪbər wərld lʊkt laɪk ðə haɪ siz əv lɔŋ əˈgoʊ. ðə ˈhækərz hu seɪld ɔn ɪt maɪt bi ˈlaɪkənd tɪ privateers*. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ ˈæktɪd fər ðə ‘‘state’*’, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz əˈgɛnst it.”*.” ðɪs ˈrəðər ˌəndərˈmaɪnz hɪz kleɪm ðət ðə ˈrəʃən steɪt wɑz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈhækɪŋ əv ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈnæʃənəl kəˈmɪti. ɪn əˈnəðər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈhɑrdɪŋ dɪˈskəsɪz ðə ˈsədən dɛθ əv ˈoʊləg, hu wərkt fər ðə ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌni ˈrɑznɪft. hi ˈspɛkjəˌleɪts ðət wɑz sɔrs dip ˌɪnˈsaɪd rosneft,”*,” ənd wɑz ˈmərdərd bɪˈkəz wərd əv ˈdɑkjəmɛnt hæd likt aʊt. ðə ˈmərdər, hi ˌɪmˈplaɪz, ɪz pruf əv ðə vəˈlɪdɪti. ɪkˈsɛpt ðət ˈhɑrdɪŋ ədˈmɪts ðət, wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ səˈspɪʃəs əˈbaʊt ˈsədən death”*” ənd wɑz ˈædəmənt ðət hɪz source.”*.” jɛt ðɪs stɑp ˈhɑrdɪŋ frəm ˈraɪtɪŋ ðət, ðə weɪk əv ðə ˌdɔsˈjeɪ ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn dɪd əˈpɪr tɪ bi ˈwaɪpɪŋ aʊt səm kaɪnd əv əˈmɛrɪkən ər ˈwɛstərn ˈɛspiənɑʤ ˈnɛtˌwərk. ɪt ˈsərtənli lʊkt ðət way.”*.” aɪ kʊd gɪv ˈəðər ɪgˈzæmpəlz, bət aɪ meɪk ðɪs ˌrivˈju tu lɔŋ. ðə pɔɪnt ɪz ðət ˈhɑrdɪŋ ˌɪgˈnɔrz hɪz oʊn ˈɛvədəns. hi ˈɑrgjuz baɪ ˌɪnjuˈɛndoʊ, ənd ɔn əˈkeɪʒən hi ʤɪst lɛts hɪz ˌɪˈmæʤən rən əˈweɪ wɪθ ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ˌdɔsˈjeɪ əˈlɛʤd ðət trəmp hæd haɪərd ˈprɑstəˌtuts waɪl ɔn ə trɪp tɪ ˈmɔˌskaʊ. vˈlædəmɪr rɪˈspɑns wɑz tɪ kræk ə ʤoʊk əˈbaʊt ˈrəʃən ˈprɑstəˌtuts biɪŋ ðə bɛst ɪn ðə wərld. bət tɪ ˈhɑrdɪŋ ɪt ə ʤoʊk. ɛz hi raɪts: ˈputɪn meɪ hæv bɪn ˈsɛndɪŋ ə ˈsɛkənd ˈmɛsɪʤ, ˈdɑrkli ˈvɪzəbəl bɪˈniθ ðə ˈʧɑpi, trænsˈlusənt ˈwɔtərz əv ðə fərst. ɪt sɛd: gɑt ðə teɪp, ˈdɑnəld! aɪ wɪʃ aɪ kʊd seɪ ðət ðɪs bʊk wɑz ə ʤoʊk. ɪf ju wər goʊɪŋ tɪ raɪt ə ˈpɛrədi əv ðə kəˈluʒən ˈstɔri, ðɪs ɪz pərˈhæps wət ɪt wʊd lʊk laɪk. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ˈhɑrdɪŋ ɪz ˈdɛdli ˈsɪriəs ənd aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt ðət ə lɔt əv ənˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈridərz wɪl soʊk ɪt ɔl əp, nɑt ˈstɑpɪŋ tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ɔn ðə ˈɔfəl ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi. soʊ, aɪ ɛnd ɔn ə wərd əv ˈwɔrnɪŋ. baɪ ɔl minz rɛd ðɪs bʊk. bət du soʊ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ faɪnd aʊt ðə truθ əˈbaʊt ˈdɑnəld trəmp ənd ˈrəʃə; du soʊ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈmɛθədz ˈkərəntli biɪŋ juzd tɪ riˈleɪʃənz. ɪn ðət rɪˈspɛkt, kəˈluʒən ɪz ˈrɪli kwaɪt rɪˈvilɪŋ. ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts

by chris stone share this article: ralph keeling and lynn talley of scripps institution of oceanography household names. but they lent their scientific weight saturday to an event that attracted a reported people downtown. support times of san diego's growth with a small monthly contribution become a supporter while march for science commanded most media attention, san walk gave the scientific community a more accessible public face as members called for stronger support from. at one point in the rally, the call went out to scientists to identify themselves. many hands rose. a typical chant: “what do we want? science! when do we want it? after peer review!” signs reflected a wide range of issues, including global warming, medical research, vaccination and proposed budget cuts. the san diego march for science was one of hundreds in the united states and worldwide marking earth day to raise awareness of the contributions of science to society, and the importance of supportive public policy, organizers said. the event kicked off with remarks from area scientists at the community concourse in the civic center complex next to city hall, followed by the march down broadway to the waterfront park outside the county administration center. marchers carried signs saying “build science not walls,” “ice has no agenda it just melts,” “we do not inherit the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children,” “there is no planet b,” “no science? no beer,” “climate change is real,” “science rocks,” and “science makes america great,” among many others. the march received support from both san diego and balboa fleet science center. in los angeles, the lapd estimated to people made the trek from pershing square to city hall starting at 11 a.m. in remarks, rep. brad sherman, oaks, criticized the trump administration. “policy should be guided by scientific consensus. scientific facts not `alternative facts,”‘ he said. “donald trump stop global warming just by emitting an unprecedented volume of hot air.” california senate president pro kevin de leon brought up immigration during remarks at city hall. “one-half of our scientists in california today are immigrants.” the group also heard from martha dina arguello, executive director of physicians for social responsibility in los angeles. “today the cold war is over and the nuclear threat is not,” she said. “there is no meaningful medical response to a nuclear war” except disarmament. — city news service contributed to this report. thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone dr. ralph keeling of the scripps institution of oceanography spoke to thousands at san diego civic center plaza. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone a march coordinator speaks to thousands gathered for the march for science. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone thousands took part in the san diego march for science through the streets of downtown. photo by chris stone a cutout of astrophysicist neil degrasse tyson moves above the crowd in the san diego march for science. photo by chris stone 15,000 march for science in san diego in plea to was last modified: by >> subscribe to times of san free daily email newsletter! click here follow us:

baɪ krɪs stoʊn ʃɛr ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl: rælf ˈkilɪŋ ənd lɪn ˈtæli əv skrɪps ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ˌoʊʃəˈnɑgrəfi ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld neɪmz. bət ðeɪ lɛnt ðɛr ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk weɪt ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ tɪ ən ɪˈvɛnt ðət əˈtræktəd ə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈpipəl ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. səˈpɔrt taɪmz əv sæn ˌdiˈeɪˌgoʊz groʊθ wɪθ ə smɔl ˈmənθli ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən bɪˈkəm ə səˈpɔrtər waɪl mɑrʧ fər saɪəns kəˈmændɪd moʊst ˈmidiə əˈtɛnʃən, sæn wɔk geɪv ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk kəmˈjunɪti ə mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl ˈpəblɪk feɪs ɛz ˈmɛmbərz kɔld fər ˈstrɔŋgər səˈpɔrt frəm. æt wən pɔɪnt ɪn ðə ˈræli, ðə kɔl wɛnt aʊt tɪ ˈsaɪəntɪsts tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ˈmɛni hænz roʊz. ə ˈtɪpɪkəl ʧænt: du wi wɔnt? saɪəns! wɪn du wi wɔnt ɪt? ˈæftər pɪr review!”*!” saɪnz rɪˈflɛktɪd ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈɪʃuz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ, ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈrisərʧ, væksəˈneɪʃən ənd prəˈpoʊzd ˈbəʤɪt kəts. ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns wɑz wən əv ˈhənərdz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈwərldˈwaɪd ˈmɑrkɪŋ ərθ deɪ tɪ reɪz əˈwɛrnəs əv ðə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz əv saɪəns tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti, ənd ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv səˈpɔrtɪv ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi, ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz sɛd. ðə ɪˈvɛnt kɪkt ɔf wɪθ rɪˈmɑrks frəm ˈɛriə ˈsaɪəntɪsts æt ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˈkɑnˌkɔrs ɪn ðə ˈsɪvɪk ˈsɛnər ˈkɑmplɛks nɛkst tɪ ˈsɪti hɔl, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ðə mɑrʧ daʊn ˈbrɔdˌweɪ tɪ ðə ˈwɔtərˌfrənt pɑrk ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈkaʊnti ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈsɛnər. ˈmɑrʧərz ˈkɛrid saɪnz seɪɪŋ saɪəns nɑt walls,”*,” həz noʊ əˈʤɛndə ɪt ʤɪst melts,”*,” du nɑt ˌɪnˈhɛrət ðə ərθ frəm ɑr ˈænˌsɛstərz, wi ˈbɑˌroʊ ɪt frəm ɑr children,”*,” ɪz noʊ ˈplænət b,”*,” saɪəns? noʊ beer,”*,” ʧeɪnʤ ɪz real,”*,” rocks,”*,” ənd meɪks əˈmɛrɪkə great,”*,” əˈməŋ ˈmɛni ˈəðərz. ðə mɑrʧ rɪˈsivd səˈpɔrt frəm boʊθ sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ənd bɑlˈboʊə flit saɪəns ˈsɛnər. ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs, ðə ˈɛˈleɪˈpiˈdi ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd tɪ ˈpipəl meɪd ðə trɛk frəm ˈpərʃɪŋ skwɛr tɪ ˈsɪti hɔl ˈstɑrtɪŋ æt 11 a.m*. ɪn rɪˈmɑrks, rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. bræd ˈʃərmən, oʊks, ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ʃʊd bi ˈgaɪdɪd baɪ ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk kənˈsɛnsəs. ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk fækts nɑt `ɔlˈtərnətɪv facts,”‘*,”‘ hi sɛd. trəmp stɑp ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ ʤɪst baɪ ɪˈmɪtɪŋ ən ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ˈvɑljum əv hɑt air.”*.” ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈsɛnɪt ˈprɛzɪdənt proʊ ˈkɛvɪn də liɑn brɔt əp ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks æt ˈsɪti hɔl. əv ɑr ˈsaɪəntɪsts ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə təˈdeɪ ər immigrants.”*.” ðə grup ˈɔlsoʊ hərd frəm ˈmɑrθə ˈdinə ɑrˈgɛloʊ, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv fɪˈzɪʃənz fər ˈsoʊʃəl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs. ðə koʊld wɔr ɪz ˈoʊvər ənd ðə ˈnukliər θrɛt ɪz not,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ɪz noʊ ˈminɪŋfəl ˈmɛdɪkəl rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə ˈnukliər war”*” ɪkˈsɛpt dɪˈsɑrməmənt. ˈsɪti nuz ˈsərvɪs kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt. ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈdɑktər. rælf ˈkilɪŋ əv ðə skrɪps ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ˌoʊʃəˈnɑgrəfi spoʊk tɪ ˈθaʊzənz æt sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ˈsɪvɪk ˈsɛnər ˈplɑzə. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ə mɑrʧ koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər spiks tɪ ˈθaʊzənz ˈgæðərd fər ðə mɑrʧ fər saɪəns. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ˈθaʊzənz tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns θru ðə strits əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn ə ˈkəˌtaʊt əv ˌæstroʊˈfɪsɪsɪst nil dɪˈgrɑsi ˈtaɪsən muvz əˈbəv ðə kraʊd ɪn ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ mɑrʧ fər saɪəns. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ krɪs stoʊn mɑrʧ fər saɪəns ɪn sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ɪn pli tɪ wɑz læst ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd: baɪ səbˈskraɪb tɪ taɪmz əv sæn fri ˈdeɪli iˈmeɪl ˈnuzˌlɛtər! klɪk hir ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs:

[what steve king's 'subgroups' musing says about the party of donald trump] the post's philip rucker interviews rep. steve king (r-iowa) at the republican national convention in cleveland on wednesday, july 20. (the washington post) rep. steve king (r-iowa) on wednesday defended his controversial comment this week that some cultures contribute more to civilization than others. "the idea of multiculturalism, that every culture is equal that's not objectively true," king told the washington post's philip rucker, less than 48 hours after he asked on live tv what "subgroups" besides white people had made any contributions to civilization. "we've been fed that information for the past 25 years, and we're not going to become a greater nation if we continue to do that." here's what he told rucker: "western civilization is the most successful civilization the world has ever seen. and some of the reasons for that is it's borrowed from other cultures along the way, back to mosaic law, the greek age of reason, roman law and the roman order of government, and the republican form of government, by the way that we're guaranteed in our constitution. the foundation of our ideological thought is rooted in the enlightenment of europe and then this country was born at the dawn of the industrial revolution. ... the sum total that's been contributed by western civilization, it surpasses any other culture of civilization, party because we borrowed from them along the way, and we're flexible enough to do that. and so i don't think we should apologize for our success." of course, as my colleague philip bump who caught king's comment monday on pointed out, our society is shaped by numerous nonwhite societies, past and present: civilization first arose in cities in mesopotamia, in what is now iraq and syria. arabic and middle eastern inventors and scientists brought astronomy to the world, which in turn aided innovations in navigation. critical innovations in mathematics and architecture and medicine originated in the same area. the chinese contributed philosophical precepts and early monetary systems, among other things. the specific inventions that were created outside of the western world are too many to list: the seismograph, the umbrella, gunpowder, stirrups, the compass. oh, and, of course, the world gave us the numeric system that will be used to tally up the delegates to make trump the nominee of king's party. that apparently didn't resonate with king, who told rucker he originally felt forced to defend his view of how western civilization became great after esquire's charlie pierce said in the same live tv interview he didn't see much diversity at the republican convention. "if you're really optimistic, you can say that this is the last time that old white people will command the republican party's attention, its platform, its public face," pierce said on. "he was disparaging a group of people a subgroup of people, old white people and saying they're going to be out of the politics of the republican party,” king told rucker. "that's got to be answered." [what steve king's 'sub groups' musing says about the party of donald trump] rucker asked king who has often been in the spotlight for making controversial remarks on race if his answer wasn't the very definition of identity politics that republicans love to accuse president obama of playing. king said the opposite was true, and that he hoped his conversation could help people see beyond the skin color. "our focus on melanin and people's skins can't we talk about the diversity of ideology? can't we look at people for their minds and what they can contribute?" he said. "and i'd like to see us go more toward a respect for people's ability to contribute, and i actually want to get to a society where we disregard race." the post's philip rucker sits down with rep. steve king (r-iowa) at the republican national convention in cleveland on wednesday, july 20. (the washington post) but thanks in part to him, in a week when the republican party is nominating a presidential candidate whose views on race often seem to align with king's, the color of people's skin is very much in the political conversation.

[wət stiv kɪŋz 'ˈsəbˌgrups' mˈjuzɪŋ sɪz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpɑrti əv ˈdɑnəld trəmp] ðə poʊsts ˈfɪlɪp ˈrəkər ˈɪntərvˌjuz rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. stiv kɪŋ (r-iowa*) æt ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈnæʃənəl kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˈklivlənd ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 20 (ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. stiv kɪŋ (r-iowa*) ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ dɪˈfɛndɪd hɪz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈkɑmɛnt ðɪs wik ðət səm ˈkəlʧərz kənˈtrɪbjut mɔr tɪ ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən ðən ˈəðərz. "ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˌməltiˈkəlʧərəˌlɪzəm, ðət ˈɛvəri ˈkəlʧər ɪz ˈikwəl ðæts nɑt ɑˈbʤɛktɪvli tru," kɪŋ toʊld ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊsts ˈfɪlɪp ˈrəkər, lɛs ðən 48 aʊərz ˈæftər hi æst ɔn lɪv ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən wət "ˈsəbˌgrups" ˌbiˈsaɪdz waɪt ˈpipəl hæd meɪd ˈɛni ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz tɪ ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən. "wiv bɪn fɛd ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ðə pæst 25 jɪrz, ənd wɪr nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈgreɪtər ˈneɪʃən ɪf wi kənˈtɪnju tɪ du ðət." hɪrz wət hi toʊld ˈrəkər: "ˈwɛstərn ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən ɪz ðə moʊst səkˈsɛsfəl ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən ðə wərld həz ˈɛvər sin. ənd səm əv ðə ˈrizənz fər ðət ɪz ɪts ˈbɑˌroʊd frəm ˈəðər ˈkəlʧərz əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ, bæk tɪ moʊˈzeɪɪk lɔ, ðə grik eɪʤ əv ˈrizən, ˈroʊmən lɔ ənd ðə ˈroʊmən ˈɔrdər əv ˈgəvərnmənt, ənd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən fɔrm əv ˈgəvərnmənt, baɪ ðə weɪ ðət wɪr ˌgɛrənˈtid ɪn ɑr ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən. ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən əv ɑr ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl θɔt ɪz ˈrutɪd ɪn ðə ˌɛnˈlaɪtənmənt əv ˈjʊrəp ənd ðɛn ðɪs ˈkəntri wɑz bɔrn æt ðə dɔn əv ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. ðə səm ˈtoʊtəl ðæts bɪn kənˈtrɪbjutɪd baɪ ˈwɛstərn ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən, ɪt sərˈpæsɪz ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈkəlʧər əv ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən, ˈpɑrti bɪˈkəz wi ˈbɑˌroʊd frəm ðɛm əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ, ənd wɪr ˈflɛksəbəl ɪˈnəf tɪ du ðət. ənd soʊ aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk wi ʃʊd əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz fər ɑr səkˈsɛs." əv kɔrs, ɛz maɪ ˈkɑlig ˈfɪlɪp bəmp hu kɔt kɪŋz ˈkɑmɛnt ˈmənˌdeɪ ɔn ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪz ʃeɪpt baɪ ˈnumərəs ˈnɑnˈwaɪt səˈsaɪɪtiz, pæst ənd ˈprɛzənt: ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən fərst əroʊz ɪn ˈsɪtiz ɪn ˌmɛsəpəˈteɪmiə, ɪn wət ɪz naʊ ˌɪˈrɑk ənd ˈsɪriə. ˈɛrəbɪk ənd ˈmɪdəl ˈistərn ˌɪnˈvɛntərz ənd ˈsaɪəntɪsts brɔt əˈstrɑnəmi tɪ ðə wərld, wɪʧ ɪn tərn ˈeɪdɪd ˌɪnəˈveɪʃənz ɪn ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən. ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˌɪnəˈveɪʃənz ɪn ˌmæθəˈmætɪks ənd ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər ənd ˈmɛdəsən ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd ɪn ðə seɪm ˈɛriə. ðə ʧaɪˈniz kənˈtrɪbjutɪd ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl ˈpriˌsɛpts ənd ˈərli ˈmɑnəˌtɛri ˈsɪstəmz, əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz. ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˌɪnˈvɛnʃənz ðət wər kriˈeɪtɪd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈwɛstərn wərld ər tu ˈmɛni tɪ lɪst: ðə seismograph*, ðə ˈəmˌbrɛlə, ˈgənˌpaʊdər, stərəps, ðə ˈkəmpəs. oʊ, ənd, əv kɔrs, ðə wərld geɪv ˈjuˈɛs ðə nuˈmɛrɪk ˈsɪstəm ðət wɪl bi juzd tɪ ˈtæli əp ðə ˈdɛləˌgeɪts tɪ meɪk trəmp ðə ˌnɑməˈni əv kɪŋz ˈpɑrti. ðət əˈpɛrəntli ˈdɪdənt ˈrɛzəˌneɪt wɪθ kɪŋ, hu toʊld ˈrəkər hi ərˈɪʤənəli fɛlt fɔrst tɪ dɪˈfɛnd hɪz vju əv haʊ ˈwɛstərn ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən bɪˈkeɪm greɪt ˈæftər ˈɛskˌwaɪrz ˈʧɑrli pɪrs sɛd ɪn ðə seɪm lɪv ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈɪntərvˌju hi ˈdɪdənt si məʧ dɪˈvərsɪti æt ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən kənˈvɛnʃən. "ɪf jʊr ˈrɪli ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk, ju kən seɪ ðət ðɪs ɪz ðə læst taɪm ðət oʊld waɪt ˈpipəl wɪl kəˈmænd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrtiz əˈtɛnʃən, ɪts ˈplætˌfɔrm, ɪts ˈpəblɪk feɪs," pɪrs sɛd ɔn. "hi wɑz dɪˈspɛrɪʤɪŋ ə grup əv ˈpipəl ə ˈsəbˌgrup əv ˈpipəl, oʊld waɪt ˈpipəl ənd seɪɪŋ ðɛr goʊɪŋ tɪ bi aʊt əv ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks əv ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən party,”*,” kɪŋ toʊld ˈrəkər. "ðæts gɑt tɪ bi ˈænsərd." [wət stiv kɪŋz 'səb grups' mˈjuzɪŋ sɪz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpɑrti əv ˈdɑnəld trəmp] ˈrəkər æst kɪŋ hu həz ˈɔfən bɪn ɪn ðə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl rɪˈmɑrks ɔn reɪs ɪf hɪz ˈænsər ˈwəzənt ðə ˈvɛri ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv aɪˈdɛntəˌti ˈpɑləˌtɪks ðət rɪˈpəblɪkənz ləv tɪ əˈkjuz ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə əv pleɪɪŋ. kɪŋ sɛd ðə ˈɑpəzɪt wɑz tru, ənd ðət hi hoʊpt hɪz ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən kʊd hɛlp ˈpipəl si bɪɔnd ðə skɪn ˈkələr. "ɑr ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈmɛlənɪn ənd ˈpipəlz skɪnz kænt wi tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə dɪˈvərsɪti əv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi? kænt wi lʊk æt ˈpipəl fər ðɛr maɪndz ənd wət ðeɪ kən kənˈtrɪbjut?" hi sɛd. "ənd aɪd laɪk tɪ si ˈjuˈɛs goʊ mɔr təˈwɔrd ə rɪˈspɛkt fər ˈpipəlz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut, ənd aɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli wɔnt tɪ gɪt tɪ ə soʊˈsaɪɪti wɛr wi ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑrd reɪs." ðə poʊsts ˈfɪlɪp ˈrəkər sɪts daʊn wɪθ rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. stiv kɪŋ (r-iowa*) æt ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈnæʃənəl kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˈklivlənd ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 20 (ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) bət θæŋks ɪn pɑrt tɪ ɪm, ɪn ə wik wɪn ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti ɪz ˈnɑməˌneɪtɪŋ ə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt huz vjuz ɔn reɪs ˈɔfən sim tɪ əˈlaɪn wɪθ kɪŋz, ðə ˈkələr əv ˈpipəlz skɪn ɪz ˈvɛri məʧ ɪn ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən.

has an airline refused compensation after a flight delay or cancellation? thanks to theropean court of justice, you can demand at least. barrister richard explains many passengers who have tried claiming compensation from an airline for a cancelled flight will have encountered refusals based on "exceptional circumstances". until earlier this month, at least in airline speak, it could mean not only extraordinary events like the foiled terrorist attack which forced glasgow airport to close but technical defects. european law entitles passengers whose flights are cancelled or substantially delayed to a minimum of (£225) compensation. the airline is only excused liability if it can show its failure was caused by these exceptional circumstances. friederike had booked alitalia tickets for herself, her husband and daughter from vienna to in italy, via rome. the first leg of her flight was cancelled at very short notice, leaving her to take a roundabout route on austrian airlines, which resulted in them reaching their destination nearly four hours late. the cancellation was due to a "complex" turbine engine failure, which took 10 days to fix. predictably, the airline claimed this was an "exceptional circumstance". wallentin-hermann decided to pursue her claim for the standard compensation, plus a small amount for telephone charges, in her local commercial court. airlines have tended, since the current compensation regulations were introduced in 2004, not to defend claims from those passengers who actually use the courts. most prefer not to risk setting an and incontrovertible precedent, which could make it harder to fob off the majority who give up before resorting to litigation. alitalia, however, decided to put its head above the pulpit, fighting the matter not only in the austrian courts, but, when unsuccessful, appealing to theropean court of justice. the resulting decision will be welcome confirmation for passengers that routine technical faults are not "exceptional". the court's reasoning recognised that airlines invariably face technical problems. checking for, and fixing these, is an inherent part of their business. the mere fact that an airline has complied with the legal minimum maintenance requirement will not exempt it from liability when something mechanical goes wrong. the judgment does not go so far as to rule that mechanical defects could never amount to exceptional circumstances. the court recognised that a warning by the aircraft manufacturer leading to the removal from service of an entire fleet, or mechanical defects caused by terrorists or sabotage, could be treated differently. the judgment was given in december last year, when it probably became known to the industry, but was only formally published earlier this month. this has a personal resonance, as i suffered a swiss international air (sia) cancellation on boxing day due, apparently, to a failed autopilot. my compensation claim i only sought losses, not the full set sum was initially met with the same response as thes'. a couple of emails did persuade to pay up, but it was disappointing that the airline continued to argue this issue even after theropean court decision. airlines have no excuse now for not paying up; some will doubtless continue to try it on. anyone encountering this who refers specifically to the "european court case of v alitalia" may impress the airline sufficiently so that it does not waste time trying to bluster its way out of paying up.

həz ən ˈɛˌrlaɪn rɪfˈjuzd ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən ˈæftər ə flaɪt dɪˈleɪ ər ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən? θæŋks tɪ ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kɔrt əv ˈʤəstɪs, ju kən dɪˈmænd æt list ˈbɛrɪstər ˈrɪʧərd ɪkˈspleɪnz ˈmɛni ˈpæsənʤərz hu hæv traɪd ˈkleɪmɪŋ ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən frəm ən ˈɛˌrlaɪn fər ə ˈkænsəld flaɪt wɪl hæv ɪnˈkaʊnərd rɪfˈjuzəlz beɪst ɔn "ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz". ənˈtɪl ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ, æt list ɪn ˈɛˌrlaɪn spik, ɪt kʊd min nɑt ˈoʊnli ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri ɪˈvɛnts laɪk ðə fɔɪld ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtæk wɪʧ fɔrst ˈglæˌskoʊ ˈɛrˌpɔrt tɪ kloʊz bət ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈdifɛkts. ˌjʊrəˈpiən lɔ ɛnˈtaɪtəlz ˈpæsənʤərz huz flaɪts ər ˈkænsəld ər səbˈstænʃəli dɪˈleɪd tɪ ə ˈmɪnəməm əv ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən. ðə ˈɛˌrlaɪn ɪz ˈoʊnli ɪkˈskjuzd ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti ɪf ɪt kən ʃoʊ ɪts ˈfeɪljər wɑz kɔzd baɪ ðiz ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. ˈfridərɪk hæd bʊkt ˌælɪˈtæliə ˈtɪkɪts fər hərˈsɛlf, hər ˈhəzbənd ənd ˈdɔtər frəm viˈɛnə tɪ ɪn ˈɪtəli, ˈviə roʊm. ðə fərst lɛg əv hər flaɪt wɑz ˈkænsəld æt ˈvɛri ʃɔrt ˈnoʊtɪs, ˈlivɪŋ hər tɪ teɪk ə ˈraʊndəˌbaʊt rut ɔn ˈɔstriən ˈɛˌrlaɪnz, wɪʧ rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ðɛm ˈriʧɪŋ ðɛr ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən ˈnɪrli fɔr aʊərz leɪt. ðə ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən wɑz du tɪ ə "ˈkɑmplɛks" ˈtərbaɪn ˈɪnʤən ˈfeɪljər, wɪʧ tʊk 10 deɪz tɪ fɪks. prɪˈdɪktəbli, ðə ˈɛˌrlaɪn kleɪmd ðɪs wɑz ən "ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈsərkəmˌstæns". ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ pərˈsu hər kleɪm fər ðə ˈstændərd ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən, pləs ə smɔl əˈmaʊnt fər ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ˈʧɑrʤɪz, ɪn hər ˈloʊkəl kəˈmərʃəl kɔrt. ˈɛˌrlaɪnz hæv ˈtɛndɪd, sɪns ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz wər ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn 2004 nɑt tɪ dɪˈfɛnd kleɪmz frəm ðoʊz ˈpæsənʤərz hu ˈæˌkʧuəli juz ðə kɔrts. moʊst prɪˈfər nɑt tɪ rɪsk ˈsɛtɪŋ ən ənd ˌɪŋˌkɑntroʊˈvərtɪbəl ˈprɛsɪdənt, wɪʧ kʊd meɪk ɪt ˈhɑrdər tɪ fɔb ɔf ðə məˈʤɔrəti hu gɪv əp ˌbiˈfɔr rɪˈzɔrtɪŋ tɪ ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən. ˌælɪˈtæliə, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ pʊt ɪts hɛd əˈbəv ðə ˈpʊlpɪt, ˈfaɪtɪŋ ðə ˈmætər nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪn ðə ˈɔstriən kɔrts, bət, wɪn ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəl, əˈpilɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kɔrt əv ˈʤəstɪs. ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒən wɪl bi ˈwɛlkəm ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən fər ˈpæsənʤərz ðət ruˈtin ˈtɛknɪkəl fɔlts ər nɑt "ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl". ðə kɔrts ˈrizənɪŋ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ðət ˈɛˌrlaɪnz ˌɪnˈvɛriəbli feɪs ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈprɑbləmz. ˈʧɛkɪŋ fər, ənd ˈfɪksɪŋ ðiz, ɪz ən ˌɪnˈhɛrənt pɑrt əv ðɛr ˈbɪznɪs. ðə mɪr fækt ðət ən ˈɛˌrlaɪn həz kəmˈplaɪd wɪθ ðə ˈligəl ˈmɪnəməm ˈmeɪntənəns rɪkˈwaɪrmənt wɪl nɑt ɪgˈzɛmpt ɪt frəm ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti wɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ məˈkænɪkəl goʊz rɔŋ. ðə ˈʤəʤmənt dɪz nɑt goʊ soʊ fɑr ɛz tɪ rul ðət məˈkænɪkəl ˈdifɛkts kʊd ˈnɛvər əˈmaʊnt tɪ ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. ðə kɔrt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ðət ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ baɪ ðə ˈɛrˌkræft ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ðə rɪˈmuvəl frəm ˈsərvɪs əv ən ɪnˈtaɪər flit, ər məˈkænɪkəl ˈdifɛkts kɔzd baɪ ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts ər ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ, kʊd bi ˈtritɪd ˈdɪfərˈɛntli. ðə ˈʤəʤmənt wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər læst jɪr, wɪn ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli bɪˈkeɪm noʊn tɪ ðə ˈɪndəstri, bət wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈfɔrməli ˈpəblɪʃt ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ. ðɪs həz ə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈrɛzənəns, ɛz aɪ ˈsəfərd ə swɪs ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɛr (sia*) ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən ɔn ˈbɑksɪŋ deɪ du, əˈpɛrəntli, tɪ ə feɪld ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət. maɪ ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən kleɪm aɪ ˈoʊnli sɔt ˈlɔsɪz, nɑt ðə fʊl sɛt səm wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli mɛt wɪθ ðə seɪm rɪˈspɑns ɛz ðə wallentin-hermanns*'. ə ˈkəpəl əv iˈmeɪlz dɪd pərsˈweɪd tɪ peɪ əp, bət ɪt wɑz ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪŋ ðət ðə ˈɛˌrlaɪn kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ˈɑrgju ðɪs ˈɪʃu ˈivɪn ˈæftər ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kɔrt dɪˈsɪʒən. ˈɛˌrlaɪnz hæv noʊ ɪkˈskjuz naʊ fər nɑt peɪɪŋ əp; səm wɪl ˈdaʊtləs kənˈtɪnju tɪ traɪ ɪt ɔn. ˈɛniˌwən ɛnˈkaʊnərɪŋ ðɪs hu rɪˈfərz spəˈsɪfɪkli tɪ ðə "ˌjʊrəˈpiən kɔrt keɪs əv vi ˌælɪˈtæliə" meɪ ˌɪmˈprɛs ðə ˈɛˌrlaɪn səˈfɪʃəntli soʊ ðət ɪt dɪz nɑt weɪst taɪm traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈbləstər ɪts weɪ aʊt əv peɪɪŋ əp.

when ready to give the green light on your video project, you want to make sure that you choose the right company. now, we know that our team is more than equipped to handle your production needs, but to be honest, we also have some pretty talented competitors. our list of the top 10 video production companies to choose from (just in case we happen to pack up and move to mars, have some good options). of course we are a bit biased here, taking the top spot and all, but we are just that confident in our abilities to produce killer videos. our creative team is super talented, and dedicated to delivering exceptional productions that clients are more than happy to showcase. we pay close attention to detail, and every script and animation is triple checked against a rigid set of quality standards. a cool video that we produced for paramount studios. got a project you want to discuss? click here. firestarter video is an excellent production house based out of hollywood, california. they have produced several for top companies including and united healthcare (uhc). their work is known throughout the industry, and the creative team is just awesome. a neat little number that shows off their video skills. argentina based yum yum video is number three on our list because of their high quality productions, and impressive portfolio. they have produced videos for companies covering all facets of business, and the work is crisp and effective. yum yum also features a helpful blog for anyone looking for information on video marketing in general. this video is a shining example of their fine work. bread n beyond has produced videos for top companies including and glass door. their work is beyond impressive, and they have the clientele to back up their credibility. with over productions under their belt, safe to say that clients are in good hands with this company. a sample of what you get with bread n’ beyond. new york based big drop inc. produces stunning videos. the company has an extensive portfolio that includes several animated and videos (and a killer website for clients to browse.) this short number is a prime example of just how well they produce videos. mywebmobile.com from on vimeo. demo duck is an awesome video production house with plenty of social proof to back them up. with big names like netflix, lowe’s, and capital one on their client roster, more than safe to say that at the top of their game in this business. based in chicago, the company employs a highly gifted team that prides themselves in creating “hand crafted” videos. one of their masterpieces. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqraiemaupo explainify is a solid company with excellent credentials. they have worked with several large businesses including tyson and ge, and their productions are definitely top notch. is the kind of company that you can feel confident in knowing that your project is being handled with care. this video shows just how professional and talented their team is. switch video has a very talented in-house team and a serious portfolio. their client roster includes companies like and hp, and switch produces video in a variety of different styles. the canadian based production house is certainly a force to be reckoned with, and has definitely carved themselves a fair share of the video production marketplace. an awesome piece that they created. located in sarasota florida, media whale is a talented production agency with several under their belt. their work is crisp and engaging, and easy to see how they have become one of the top agencies in the business. an example of their high quality work, in this informative video produced for turbotax. turbotax video from media whale on vimeo. cartoon media is a production agency that prides itself in creating non “cookie cutter” type videos for their clients. they work with customers in all facets of business, including some well known companies like siemens and cargill. headquartered in the uk, cartoon media works with clients around the globe. one of their engaging videos. so there you have it, our top ten list of video production companies. there were plenty of other agencies that could have made the list, but in terms of sheer quality, cost and social proof, these represent the best of the best. keep an eye out for our next list, and if you would like your agency to be featured, drop us a line and check out your work.

wɪn ˈrɛdi tɪ gɪv ðə grin laɪt ɔn jʊr ˈvɪdioʊ ˈprɑʤɛkt, ju wɔnt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət ju ʧuz ðə raɪt ˈkəmpəˌni. naʊ, wi noʊ ðət ɑr tim ɪz mɔr ðən ɪkˈwɪpt tɪ ˈhændəl jʊr pərˈdəkʃən nidz, bət tɪ bi ˈɑnəst, wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv səm ˈprɪti ˈtæləntɪd kəmˈpɛtɪtərz. ɑr lɪst əv ðə tɔp 10 ˈvɪdioʊ pərˈdəkʃən ˈkəmpəˌniz tɪ ʧuz frəm (ʤɪst ɪn keɪs wi ˈhæpən tɪ pæk əp ənd muv tɪ mɑrz, hæv səm gʊd ˈɔpʃənz). əv kɔrs wi ər ə bɪt baɪəst hir, ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə tɔp spɑt ənd ɔl, bət wi ər ʤɪst ðət ˈkɑnfədənt ɪn ɑr əˈbɪləˌtiz tɪ ˈproʊdus ˈkɪlər ˈvɪdioʊz. ɑr kriˈeɪtɪv tim ɪz ˈsupər ˈtæləntɪd, ənd ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl pərˈdəkʃənz ðət klaɪənts ər mɔr ðən ˈhæpi tɪ ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs. wi peɪ kloʊz əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈditeɪl, ənd ˈɛvəri skrɪpt ənd ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪz ˈtrɪpəl ʧɛkt əˈgɛnst ə ˈrɪʤɪd sɛt əv kˈwɑləti ˈstændərdz. ə kul ˈvɪdioʊ ðət wi prəˈdust fər ˈpɛrəˌmaʊnt ˈstudiˌoʊz. gɑt ə ˈprɑʤɛkt ju wɔnt tɪ dɪˈskəs? klɪk hir. ˈvɪdioʊ ɪz ən ˈɛksələnt pərˈdəkʃən haʊs beɪst aʊt əv ˈhɑliˌwʊd, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. ðeɪ hæv prəˈdust ˈsɛvərəl fər tɔp ˈkəmpəˌniz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ənd juˈnaɪtɪd ˈhɛlθˌkɛr (uhc*). ðɛr wərk ɪz noʊn θruaʊt ðə ˈɪndəstri, ənd ðə kriˈeɪtɪv tim ɪz ʤɪst ˈɔsəm. ə nit ˈlɪtəl ˈnəmbər ðət ʃoʊz ɔf ðɛr ˈvɪdioʊ skɪlz. ˌɑrʤənˈtinə beɪst jəm jəm ˈvɪdioʊ ɪz ˈnəmbər θri ɔn ɑr lɪst bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr haɪ kˈwɑləti pərˈdəkʃənz, ənd ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ. ðeɪ hæv prəˈdust ˈvɪdioʊz fər ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈkəvərɪŋ ɔl ˈfæsəts əv ˈbɪznɪs, ənd ðə wərk ɪz krɪsp ənd ˈifɛktɪv. jəm jəm ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfiʧərz ə ˈhɛlpfəl blɔg fər ˈɛniˌwən ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˈvɪdioʊ ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ ɪz ə ˈʃaɪnɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðɛr faɪn wərk. brɛd ɛn bɪɔnd həz prəˈdust ˈvɪdioʊz fər tɔp ˈkəmpəˌniz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ənd glæs dɔr. ðɛr wərk ɪz bɪɔnd ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv, ənd ðeɪ hæv ðə ˌklaɪənˈtɛl tɪ bæk əp ðɛr ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti. wɪθ ˈoʊvər pərˈdəkʃənz ˈəndər ðɛr bɛlt, seɪf tɪ seɪ ðət klaɪənts ər ɪn gʊd hænz wɪθ ðɪs ˈkəmpəˌni. ə ˈsæmpəl əv wət ju gɪt wɪθ brɛd n’*’ bɪɔnd. nu jɔrk beɪst bɪg drɔp ɪŋk. prəˈdusɪz ˈstənɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊz. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz ən ɪkˈstɛnsɪv pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ˈsɛvərəl ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ənd ˈvɪdioʊz (ənd ə ˈkɪlər ˈwɛbˌsaɪt fər klaɪənts tɪ braʊz.) ðɪs ʃɔrt ˈnəmbər ɪz ə praɪm ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ʤɪst haʊ wɛl ðeɪ ˈproʊdus ˈvɪdioʊz. frəm ɔn vimeo*. ˈdɛmoʊ dək ɪz ən ˈɔsəm ˈvɪdioʊ pərˈdəkʃən haʊs wɪθ ˈplɛnti əv ˈsoʊʃəl pruf tɪ bæk ðɛm əp. wɪθ bɪg neɪmz laɪk netflix*, lowe’s*, ənd ˈkæpɪtəl wən ɔn ðɛr klaɪənt ˈrɑstər, mɔr ðən seɪf tɪ seɪ ðət æt ðə tɔp əv ðɛr geɪm ɪn ðɪs ˈbɪznɪs. beɪst ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪmˈplɔɪz ə ˈhaɪli ˈgɪftɪd tim ðət praɪdz ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn kriˈeɪtɪŋ crafted”*” ˈvɪdioʊz. wən əv ðɛr ˈmæstərˌpisɪz. ɪz ə ˈsɑləd ˈkəmpəˌni wɪθ ˈɛksələnt krəˈdɛnʃəlz. ðeɪ hæv wərkt wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl lɑrʤ ˈbɪznɪsɪz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈtaɪsən ənd ge*, ənd ðɛr pərˈdəkʃənz ər ˈdɛfənətli tɔp nɑʧ. ɪz ðə kaɪnd əv ˈkəmpəˌni ðət ju kən fil ˈkɑnfədənt ɪn noʊɪŋ ðət jʊr ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪz biɪŋ ˈhændəld wɪθ kɛr. ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ ʃoʊz ʤɪst haʊ prəˈfɛʃənəl ənd ˈtæləntɪd ðɛr tim ɪz. swɪʧ ˈvɪdioʊ həz ə ˈvɛri ˈtæləntɪd ˌɪnˈhaʊs tim ənd ə ˈsɪriəs pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ. ðɛr klaɪənt ˈrɑstər ˌɪnˈkludz ˈkəmpəˌniz laɪk ənd hp*, ənd swɪʧ prəˈdusɪz ˈvɪdioʊ ɪn ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈdɪfərənt staɪlz. ðə kəˈneɪdiən beɪst pərˈdəkʃən haʊs ɪz ˈsərtənli ə fɔrs tɪ bi ˈrɛkənd wɪθ, ənd həz ˈdɛfənətli kɑrvd ðɛmˈsɛlvz ə fɛr ʃɛr əv ðə ˈvɪdioʊ pərˈdəkʃən ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs. ən ˈɔsəm pis ðət ðeɪ kriˈeɪtɪd. ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ˌsɛrəˈsoʊtə ˈflɔrɪdə, ˈmidiə weɪl ɪz ə ˈtæləntɪd pərˈdəkʃən ˈeɪʤənsi wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl ˈəndər ðɛr bɛlt. ðɛr wərk ɪz krɪsp ənd ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ, ənd ˈizi tɪ si haʊ ðeɪ hæv bɪˈkəm wən əv ðə tɔp ˈeɪʤənsiz ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs. ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðɛr haɪ kˈwɑləti wərk, ɪn ðɪs ˌɪnˈfɔrmətɪv ˈvɪdioʊ prəˈdust fər ˈtərboʊˌtæks. ˈtərboʊˌtæks ˈvɪdioʊ frəm ˈmidiə weɪl ɔn vimeo*. kɑrˈtun ˈmidiə ɪz ə pərˈdəkʃən ˈeɪʤənsi ðət praɪdz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪn kriˈeɪtɪŋ nɑn cutter”*” taɪp ˈvɪdioʊz fər ðɛr klaɪənts. ðeɪ wərk wɪθ ˈkəstəmərz ɪn ɔl ˈfæsəts əv ˈbɪznɪs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ səm wɛl noʊn ˈkəmpəˌniz laɪk ˈsimənz ənd ˈkɑrˌgɪl. ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərd ɪn ðə uk*, kɑrˈtun ˈmidiə wərks wɪθ klaɪənts əraʊnd ðə gloʊb. wən əv ðɛr ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊz. soʊ ðɛr ju hæv ɪt, ɑr tɔp tɛn lɪst əv ˈvɪdioʊ pərˈdəkʃən ˈkəmpəˌniz. ðɛr wər ˈplɛnti əv ˈəðər ˈeɪʤənsiz ðət kʊd hæv meɪd ðə lɪst, bət ɪn tərmz əv ʃɪr kˈwɑləti, kɔst ənd ˈsoʊʃəl pruf, ðiz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə bɛst əv ðə bɛst. kip ən aɪ aʊt fər ɑr nɛkst lɪst, ənd ɪf ju wʊd laɪk jʊr ˈeɪʤənsi tɪ bi ˈfiʧərd, drɔp ˈjuˈɛs ə laɪn ənd ʧɛk aʊt jʊr wərk.

beijing sets deadlines for exchanges - customers to withdraw funds quickly beijing has ordered all affected exchanges to post a notice of their closure by midnight on friday. now, the exchanges are urging customers to withdraw their funds as regulators have also set a deadline for them to come up with plans to allow withdrawals “in a manner.” also read: regulatory crackdown forces more exchange closures exchanges ordered to announce closing dates chinese authorities have ordered exchanges to stop trading and allowing new registrations as of friday, according to a government notice, which was verified by reuters. “the notice was signed by the beijing city group in charge of overseeing internet finance risks and circulated online.” the notice read: all trading exchanges must by midnight of sept. 15 publish a notice to make clear when they will stop all trading and announce a stop to new user registrations. china’s top exchanges have already complied. announced that “btcchina will completely shut down its exchange businesses on september 30th,” the company. however, the only businesses affected are those relating tohina; other businesses are unaffected as “btcc is a separate company fromhina,” the company noted, adding that “btcc pool, exchange, dax, mobi, & mint are not affected by this change.” huobi and made similar announcements on friday, stating that they are closing on october 31. announced that new user registration and deposit service have already stopped, stating that: the actual closing of trading will take place on october 31st. we will close all to trading one asset at a time. okcoin similarly posted a notice on friday, outlining its closing policies. the company emphasized that the only service closing is the trading business. the rest of its businesses are not affected. “because regulators have not announced that and digital assets are illegal, will actively explore, strive for, expect to continue to provide chinese users with compliant digital asset services,” the company wrote. many others have also announced their closure such as and yobtc. another exchange announced that it will close on september 30. customers urged to withdraw funds quickly the regulators have additionally instructed the exchanges to come up with plans of how customers can withdraw their funds, reuters reported. “platforms should also tell the government by wednesday sept. 20 how they will allow users to make withdrawals in a manner and handle funds to make sure investor interests are protected,” the news outlet detailed. btcchina has already made announcements regarding the withdrawal of user funds. all withdrawals are processed within 24 hours, the company revealed. in addition, even after september 30 when the exchange has ceased operations, customers can still continue to withdraw funds. furthermore, its blockchain+ trading platform will open up cash (bcc, bch) withdrawals before sunday, september 24. the company assured customers that the exchange and its blockchain+ trading platform have enough funds to accommodate all customer withdrawals including, btc, ltc, bcc, and eth, and that: btcchina encourages customers to withdraw their funds as quickly as possible. customers can withdraw their funds whenever they want. huobi’s notice also gave some details about how it will deal with withdrawals. while deposit service has stopped, digital asset deposits and withdrawals, as well as withdrawals, will remain open. “bcc withdrawal service will be enabled before september 20th,” the exchange wrote. what do you think of orders? let us know in the comments section below. images courtesy of shutterstock,, twitter need to calculate your holdings? check our tools section.

ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ sɛts ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz fər ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈkəstəmərz tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ fəndz kˈwɪkli ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ həz ˈɔrdərd ɔl əˈfɛktɪd ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ poʊst ə ˈnoʊtɪs əv ðɛr ˈkloʊʒər baɪ ˈmɪdˌnaɪt ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. naʊ, ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz ər ˈərʤɪŋ ˈkəstəmərz tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ ðɛr fəndz ɛz ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ sɛt ə ˈdɛˌdlaɪn fər ðɛm tɪ kəm əp wɪθ plænz tɪ əˈlaʊ wɪθˈdrɔəlz ə manner.”*.” ˈɔlsoʊ rɛd: ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈkrækˌdaʊn ˈfɔrsɪz mɔr ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈkloʊʒərz ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈɔrdərd tɪ əˈnaʊns ˈkloʊzɪŋ deɪts ʧaɪˈniz əˈθɔrətiz hæv ˈɔrdərd ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ stɑp ˈtreɪdɪŋ ənd əˈlaʊɪŋ nu ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃənz ɛz əv ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈnoʊtɪs, wɪʧ wɑz ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd baɪ ˈrɔɪtərz. ˈnoʊtɪs wɑz saɪnd baɪ ðə ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ ˈsɪti grup ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈfaɪˌnæns rɪsks ənd ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪd online.”*.” ðə ˈnoʊtɪs rɛd: ɔl ˈtreɪdɪŋ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz məst baɪ ˈmɪdˌnaɪt əv sɛpt. 15 ˈpəblɪʃ ə ˈnoʊtɪs tɪ meɪk klɪr wɪn ðeɪ wɪl stɑp ɔl ˈtreɪdɪŋ ənd əˈnaʊns ə stɑp tɪ nu ˈjuzər ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃənz. tɔp ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz hæv ɔˈrɛdi kəmˈplaɪd. əˈnaʊnst ðət wɪl kəmˈplitli ʃət daʊn ɪts ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈbɪznɪsɪz ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 30th,”*,” ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈoʊnli ˈbɪznɪsɪz əˈfɛktɪd ər ðoʊz rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ; ˈəðər ˈbɪznɪsɪz ər ˌənəˈfɛktɪd ɛz ɪz ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈkəmpəˌni frəm btcchina,”*,” ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈnoʊtɪd, ˈædɪŋ ðət pul, ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ, dæks, mobi*, mɪnt ər nɑt əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðɪs change.”*.” ənd meɪd ˈsɪmələr əˈnaʊnsmɛnts ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðət ðeɪ ər ˈkloʊzɪŋ ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 31 əˈnaʊnst ðət nu ˈjuzər ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ənd dɪˈpɑzət ˈsərvɪs hæv ɔˈrɛdi stɑpt, ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðət: ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈkloʊzɪŋ əv ˈtreɪdɪŋ wɪl teɪk pleɪs ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 31st*. wi wɪl kloʊz ɔl tɪ ˈtreɪdɪŋ wən ˈæˌsɛt æt ə taɪm. ˈsɪmələrli ˈpoʊstɪd ə ˈnoʊtɪs ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈaʊˌtlaɪnɪŋ ɪts ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈpɑləsiz. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd ðət ðə ˈoʊnli ˈsərvɪs ˈkloʊzɪŋ ɪz ðə ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈbɪznɪs. ðə rɛst əv ɪts ˈbɪznɪsɪz ər nɑt əˈfɛktɪd. ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz hæv nɑt əˈnaʊnst ðət ənd ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈæˌsɛts ər ˌɪˈligəl, wɪl ˈæktɪvli ɪkˈsplɔr, straɪv fər, ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ prəˈvaɪd ʧaɪˈniz ˈjuzərz wɪθ kəmˈplaɪənt ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈæˌsɛt services,”*,” ðə ˈkəmpəˌni roʊt. ˈmɛni ˈəðərz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ əˈnaʊnst ðɛr ˈkloʊʒər səʧ ɛz ənd yobtc*. əˈnəðər ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ əˈnaʊnst ðət ɪt wɪl kloʊz ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 30 ˈkəstəmərz ərʤd tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ fəndz kˈwɪkli ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz hæv əˈdɪʃəˌnəli ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ kəm əp wɪθ plænz əv haʊ ˈkəstəmərz kən wɪθˈdrɔ ðɛr fəndz, ˈrɔɪtərz ˌriˈpɔrtəd. ʃʊd ˈɔlsoʊ tɛl ðə ˈgəvərnmənt baɪ ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ sɛpt. 20 haʊ ðeɪ wɪl əˈlaʊ ˈjuzərz tɪ meɪk wɪθˈdrɔəlz ɪn ə ˈmænər ənd ˈhændəl fəndz tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ˌɪnˈvɛstər ˈɪntərɪsts ər protected,”*,” ðə nuz ˈaʊˌtlɛt dɪˈteɪld. həz ɔˈrɛdi meɪd əˈnaʊnsmɛnts rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə wɪθˈdrɔəl əv ˈjuzər fəndz. ɔl wɪθˈdrɔəlz ər ˈprɑsɛst wɪˈθɪn 24 aʊərz, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni rɪˈvild. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ˈivɪn ˈæftər sɛpˈtɛmbər 30 wɪn ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ həz sist ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ˈkəstəmərz kən stɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ fəndz. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ɪts blockchain*+ ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrm wɪl ˈoʊpən əp kæʃ (bcc*, bch*) wɪθˈdrɔəlz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsənˌdi, sɛpˈtɛmbər 24 ðə ˈkəmpəˌni əˈʃʊrd ˈkəstəmərz ðət ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ənd ɪts blockchain*+ ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrm hæv ɪˈnəf fəndz tɪ əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ɔl ˈkəstəmər wɪθˈdrɔəlz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ, btc*, ltc*, bcc*, ənd eth*, ənd ðət: ɪnˈkərəʤəz ˈkəstəmərz tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ ðɛr fəndz ɛz kˈwɪkli ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈkəstəmərz kən wɪθˈdrɔ ðɛr fəndz wɛˈnɛvər ðeɪ wɔnt. ˈnoʊtɪs ˈɔlsoʊ geɪv səm ˈditeɪlz əˈbaʊt haʊ ɪt wɪl dil wɪθ wɪθˈdrɔəlz. waɪl dɪˈpɑzət ˈsərvɪs həz stɑpt, ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈæˌsɛt dɪˈpɑzəts ənd wɪθˈdrɔəlz, ɛz wɛl ɛz wɪθˈdrɔəlz, wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ˈoʊpən. wɪθˈdrɔəl ˈsərvɪs wɪl bi ɪˈneɪbəld ˌbiˈfɔr sɛpˈtɛmbər 20th,”*,” ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ roʊt. wət du ju θɪŋk əv ˈɔrdərz? lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts ˈsɛkʃən bɪˈloʊ. ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈkərtəsi əv shutterstock*,, tˈwɪtər nid tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt jʊr ˈhoʊldɪŋz? ʧɛk ɑr tulz ˈsɛkʃən.

this year's issue of young jump magazine is announcing on thursday that an adaptation of manga creator lynn okamoto lied, no science fiction manga is in the works. the original manga revolves around high school boy murakami, who cannot forget his female childhood friend whom he let die in an accident. feeling that he must fulfill their promise of proving the existence of aliens, he has continuously looked up at the sky as a member of the astronomy club. one day, a girl named who looks exactly like his childhood friend appears as a transfer student. it turns out that she is a that has run away from a research lab. okamoto began the manga in young jump in 2011. will release the sixth compiled volume of the manga on september 19. update: updated reading.

ðɪs jɪrz ˈɪʃu əv jəŋ ʤəmp ˈmægəˌzin ɪz əˈnaʊnsɪŋ ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ðət ən ˌædəpˈteɪʃən əv ˈmæŋgə kriˈeɪtər lɪn ˌoʊkəˈmoʊtoʊ laɪd, noʊ saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ˈmæŋgə ɪz ɪn ðə wərks. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈmæŋgə riˈvɑlvz əraʊnd haɪ skul bɔɪ mʊrɑˈkɑmi, hu ˈkænɑt fərˈgɛt hɪz ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd frɛnd hum hi lɛt daɪ ɪn ən ˈæksədənt. ˈfilɪŋ ðət hi məst fʊlˈfɪl ðɛr ˈprɑməs əv ˈpruvɪŋ ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ˈeɪliənz, hi həz kənˈtɪnjuəsli lʊkt əp æt ðə skaɪ ɛz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə əˈstrɑnəmi kləb. wən deɪ, ə gərl neɪmd hu lʊks ɪgˈzæktli laɪk hɪz ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd frɛnd əˈpɪrz ɛz ə ˈtrænsfər ˈstudənt. ɪt tərnz aʊt ðət ʃi ɪz ə ðət həz rən əˈweɪ frəm ə ˈrisərʧ læb. ˌoʊkəˈmoʊtoʊ bɪˈgæn ðə ˈmæŋgə ɪn jəŋ ʤəmp ɪn 2011 wɪl riˈlis ðə sɪksθ kəmˈpaɪld ˈvɑljum əv ðə ˈmæŋgə ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 19 ˈəpˌdeɪt: ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˈrɛdɪŋ.

"i'm here because i have a vote and, basically, i've been told what to do with it," one irishman told a london reporter. "thank god they will all shut up now," a dublin pensioner told a german newspaper. both had just voted yes in this past weekend's irish referendum on the lisbon treaty, whose passage removes one of the last remaining obstacles to ratification of a document that will, among other things, create a president and a foreign minister of europe. both had voted no during the first referendum last year, when the treaty failed to pass. both had changed their minds because they were tired of hearing politicians endlessly urging them to do so. some also felt that, during the worst recession in recent memory, they might need europe's help. not many irish seem to have been inspired by the high ideals and lofty aspirations of what is sometimes called "the european project": although a whopping two-thirds of irish voters said yes to the treaty, there wasn't much audible or visible enthusiasm. a few politicians in ireland and across the continent hailed the referendum as a "great victory for europe," but no one believed them. and thus did europe take another, limping step toward the creation of a unified foreign policy apparatus, complaining bitterly all the way. which is not a bad thing: if europe is to have a single apparatus to make its foreign policy, it is important that nobody has too many illusions about it. when the referendum failed last year, i wrote that it was for the best, since "european" foreign policy has always been most successful when it represents the wishes of the national governments of at least two or three large countries plus several small ones, and has always been most disastrous when carried out by bureaucrats in brussels who don't represent anyone in particular. i hesitate to use the tainted expression "coalitions of the willing," but actually they work very well, in diplomacy as well as in military conflicts. still, since i don't feel like railing against the inevitable this week, and since i suspect that there really will be a european president and a european foreign minister in the near future, it's worth contemplating what that might mean. clearly, the real test of whether europe's most powerful countries are taking this new treaty seriously wasn't the irish referendum. the question of whether the recalcitrant czech president will finally be into signing the thing is irrelevant, too (and if he does, it will certainly not represent a "triumph of the european ideal," whatever they say in brussels). but do watch closely, over the coming months, to see who is selected to fill these jobs, and, more important, how they are chosen. traditionally, leaders of multilateral institutions are selected through a process of elimination: the person who is the least interesting, least opinionated and least influential gets the job, precisely because nobody else objects. yet this is not how the president or prime minister of a country is selected: he gets the job because he has convinced the electorate that he is better than somebody else. i'm not saying that democracy always produces the most gifted leaders, but it does frequently produce politicians who are willing to argue loudly in favor of some things and against others. by contrast, people often wind up running multilateral institutions -- and not just european ones -- because they are not willing to argue about anything at all. here, then, is how to evaluate the lisbon treaty: if there really is a coalition of the willing in favor of a common european policy, then it will support the selection of forceful and opinionated leaders. europe will then have, in henry kissinger's immortal phrasing, a phone number to call when america (or russia, or china) wants to talk. and if there is no such coalition? then you won't hear much about the president or the foreign minister of europe again, so it doesn't really matter. applebaumletters@washpost.com

"əm hir bɪˈkəz aɪ hæv ə voʊt ənd, ˈbeɪsɪkli, aɪv bɪn toʊld wət tɪ du wɪθ ɪt," wən ˈaɪrɪʃmən toʊld ə ˈləndən rɪˈpɔrtər. "θæŋk gɑd ðeɪ wɪl ɔl ʃət əp naʊ," ə ˈdəblɪn ˈpɛnʃənər toʊld ə ˈʤərmən ˈnuzˌpeɪpər. boʊθ hæd ʤɪst ˈvoʊtɪd jɛs ɪn ðɪs pæst ˈwiˌkɛndz ˈaɪrɪʃ ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ɔn ðə ˈlɪzbən ˈtriti, huz ˈpæsɪʤ riˈmuvz wən əv ðə læst rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈɑbstəkəlz tɪ ˌrætəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ðət wɪl, əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz, kriˈeɪt ə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ə ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər əv ˈjʊrəp. boʊθ hæd ˈvoʊtɪd noʊ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm læst jɪr, wɪn ðə ˈtriti feɪld tɪ pæs. boʊθ hæd ʧeɪnʤd ðɛr maɪndz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wər taɪərd əv ˈhirɪŋ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ˈɛndləsli ˈərʤɪŋ ðɛm tɪ du soʊ. səm ˈɔlsoʊ fɛlt ðət, ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə wərst ˌriˈsɛʃən ɪn ˈrisənt ˈmɛməri, ðeɪ maɪt nid ˈjʊrəps hɛlp. nɑt ˈmɛni ˈaɪrɪʃ sim tɪ hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ðə haɪ aɪˈdilz ənd ˈlɔfti ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz əv wət ɪz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz kɔld "ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈprɑʤɛkt": ˌɔlˈðoʊ ə ˈwɑpɪŋ ˌtuˈθərdz əv ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈvoʊtərz sɛd jɛs tɪ ðə ˈtriti, ðɛr ˈwəzənt məʧ ˈɑdəbəl ər ˈvɪzəbəl ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm. ə fju ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ɪn ˈaɪərlənd ənd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkɑntənənt heɪld ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ɛz ə "greɪt ˈvɪktəri fər ˈjʊrəp," bət noʊ wən bɪˈlivd ðɛm. ənd ðəs dɪd ˈjʊrəp teɪk əˈnəðər, ˈlɪmpɪŋ stɛp təˈwɔrd ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ə ˈjunəˌfaɪd ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi ˌæpərˈætəs, kəmˈpleɪnɪŋ ˈbɪtərli ɔl ðə weɪ. wɪʧ ɪz nɑt ə bæd θɪŋ: ɪf ˈjʊrəp ɪz tɪ hæv ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˌæpərˈætəs tɪ meɪk ɪts ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi həz tu ˈmɛni ˌɪˈluʒənz əˈbaʊt ɪt. wɪn ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm feɪld læst jɪr, aɪ roʊt ðət ɪt wɑz fər ðə bɛst, sɪns "ˌjʊrəˈpiən" ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn moʊst səkˈsɛsfəl wɪn ɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ˈwɪʃɪz əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈgəvərnmənts əv æt list tu ər θri lɑrʤ ˈkəntriz pləs ˈsɛvərəl smɔl wənz, ənd həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn moʊst dɪˈzæstrəs wɪn ˈkɛrid aʊt baɪ ˈbjʊrəˌkræts ɪn ˈbrəsəlz hu doʊnt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈɛniˌwən ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr. aɪ ˈhɛzəˌteɪt tɪ juz ðə ˈteɪntɪd ɪkˈsprɛʃən "ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃənz əv ðə ˈwɪlɪŋ," bət ˈæˌkʧuəli ðeɪ wərk ˈvɛri wɛl, ɪn dɪˈploʊməsi ɛz wɛl ɛz ɪn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈkɑnflɪkts. stɪl, sɪns aɪ doʊnt fil laɪk ˈreɪlɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl ðɪs wik, ənd sɪns aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt ðət ðɛr ˈrɪli wɪl bi ə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər ɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər, ɪts wərθ ˈkɑntəmˌpleɪtɪŋ wət ðət maɪt min. ˈklɪrli, ðə ril tɛst əv ˈwɛðər ˈjʊrəps moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl ˈkəntriz ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɪs nu ˈtriti ˈsɪriəsli ˈwəzənt ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm. ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ˈwɛðər ðə rɪˈkælsɪtrənt ʧɛk ˈprɛzɪdənt wɪl ˈfaɪnəli bi ˈɪntu ˈsaɪnɪŋ ðə θɪŋ ɪz ˌɪˈrɛləvənt, tu (ənd ɪf hi dɪz, ɪt wɪl ˈsərtənli nɑt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə "traɪəmf əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən aɪˈdil," ˌwəˈtɛvər ðeɪ seɪ ɪn ˈbrəsəlz). bət du wɔʧ ˈkloʊsli, ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəmɪŋ mənθs, tɪ si hu ɪz səˈlɛktɪd tɪ fɪl ðiz ʤɑbz, ənd, mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, haʊ ðeɪ ər ˈʧoʊzən. trəˈdɪʃənəli, ˈlidərz əv ˌməltɪˈlætərəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ər səˈlɛktɪd θru ə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən: ðə ˈpərsən hu ɪz ðə list ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ, list əˈpɪnjəˌneɪtɪd ənd list ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl gɪts ðə ʤɑb, prɪˈsaɪsli bɪˈkəz ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ɛls ˈɑbʤɛkts. jɛt ðɪs ɪz nɑt haʊ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ər praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər əv ə ˈkəntri ɪz səˈlɛktɪd: hi gɪts ðə ʤɑb bɪˈkəz hi həz kənˈvɪnst ðə ɪˈlɛktərət ðət hi ɪz ˈbɛtər ðən ˈsəmˌbɑdi ɛls. əm nɑt seɪɪŋ ðət dɪˈmɑkrəsi ˈɔlˌweɪz prəˈdusɪz ðə moʊst ˈgɪftɪd ˈlidərz, bət ɪt dɪz ˈfrikwɛntli ˈproʊdus ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz hu ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈɑrgju ˈlaʊdli ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv səm θɪŋz ənd əˈgɛnst ˈəðərz. baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ˈpipəl ˈɔfən wɪnd əp ˈrənɪŋ ˌməltɪˈlætərəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ənd nɑt ʤɪst ˌjʊrəˈpiən wənz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈɑrgju əˈbaʊt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ æt ɔl. hir, ðɛn, ɪz haʊ tɪ ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ðə ˈlɪzbən ˈtriti: ɪf ðɛr ˈrɪli ɪz ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən əv ðə ˈwɪlɪŋ ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ə ˈkɑmən ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑləsi, ðɛn ɪt wɪl səˈpɔrt ðə səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈfɔrsfəl ənd əˈpɪnjəˌneɪtɪd ˈlidərz. ˈjʊrəp wɪl ðɛn hæv, ɪn ˈhɛnri ˈkɪsɪnʤərz ˌɪˈmɔrtəl ˈfreɪzɪŋ, ə foʊn ˈnəmbər tɪ kɔl wɪn əˈmɛrɪkə (ər ˈrəʃə, ər ˈʧaɪnə) wɔnts tɪ tɔk. ənd ɪf ðɛr ɪz noʊ səʧ ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən? ðɛn ju woʊnt hir məʧ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ər ðə ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər əv ˈjʊrəp əˈgɛn, soʊ ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈrɪli ˈmætər.

john carver insists he will not step aside at newcastle united even though he fears some players listening to him. carver’s side slipped deeper into the mire after an eighth successive defeat to leicester city at the weekend. the performance at the king power stadium, where newcastle were beaten, was one of the worst of the premier league era. and the loss left the club is just two points above sunderland, who have a game in hand. many fans want head coach carver to be relieved of his duties before home game against west bromwich albion given his dire record as head coach. but the odds are stacked against steve mcclaren, the frontrunner to take the job in the summer, taking charge for the final three games of the season, despite derby campaign having ended at the weekend. i’m not going anywhere until someone comes to me and tells me otherwise. john carver for his part, carver who accused united defender mike williamson of getting sent off “on purpose” in loss at the king power stadium has no intention of stepping down. “i’m not going anywhere until someone comes to me and tells me otherwise,” said carver. “i’m not a shirker, and not going to hide from anyone. going to stand there and take it, because i have to.” carver had a brief conversation with managing director lee charnley after the leicester game. he said: “i had a quick chat with lee charnley, but it was nothing serious. “he was basically just asking how i was and how i was feeling. it was a nice, calm conversation.” newcastle have won just two of 16 league games under carver, who took over from crystal alan at the turn of the year. and, astonishingly, the has admitted that there is a chance some of his players simply are no longer listening to what he is saying on the training field and in the dressing room. “if honest, i have to admit a chance just not listening to me,” said carver. “that might be one factor of many, and you have to consider it. you have to consider it and take it into account. “but it might be a lot of other things we might not be good enough, we might not have enough desire to want to defend in the box or score at the other end. “there’s lot of factors, but i deny that (the players not listening) could be one of them.” meanwhile, carver refused to talk about situation, only offering him “commiserations” over failure to secure a place.

ʤɑn ˈkɑrvər ˌɪnˈsɪsts hi wɪl nɑt stɛp əˈsaɪd æt ˈnuˌkæsəl juˈnaɪtɪd ˈivɪn ðoʊ hi fɪrz səm pleɪərz ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ɪm. saɪd slɪpt ˈdipər ˈɪntu ðə maɪər ˈæftər ən eɪθ səkˈsɛsɪv dɪˈfit tɪ ˈlɛstər ˈsɪti æt ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd. ðə pərˈfɔrməns æt ðə kɪŋ paʊər ˈsteɪdiəm, wɛr ˈnuˌkæsəl wər ˈbitən wɑz wən əv ðə wərst əv ðə prɛˈmɪr lig ˈɪrə. ənd ðə lɔs lɛft ðə kləb ɪz ʤɪst tu pɔɪnts əˈbəv ˈsəndərlənd, hu hæv ə geɪm ɪn hænd. ˈmɛni fænz wɔnt hɛd koʊʧ ˈkɑrvər tɪ bi rɪˈlivd əv hɪz ˈdutiz ˌbiˈfɔr hoʊm geɪm əˈgɛnst wɛst ˈbrɑmwɪʧ ˈælbiən ˈgɪvɪn hɪz daɪər ˈrɛkərd ɛz hɛd koʊʧ. bət ðə ɑdz ər stækt əˈgɛnst stiv məˈklɑrən, ðə ˈfrənˌtrənər tɪ teɪk ðə ʤɑb ɪn ðə ˈsəmər, ˈteɪkɪŋ ʧɑrʤ fər ðə ˈfaɪnəl θri geɪmz əv ðə ˈsizən, dɪˈspaɪt ˈdərbi kæmˈpeɪn ˈhævɪŋ ˈɛndɪd æt ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd. nɑt goʊɪŋ ˈɛniˌwɛr ənˈtɪl ˈsəmˌwən kəmz tɪ mi ənd tɛlz mi ˈəðərˌwaɪz. ʤɑn ˈkɑrvər fər hɪz pɑrt, ˈkɑrvər hu əˈkjuzd juˈnaɪtɪd dɪˈfɛndər maɪk ˈwɪljəmsən əv ˈgɪtɪŋ sɛnt ɔf purpose”*” ɪn lɔs æt ðə kɪŋ paʊər ˈsteɪdiəm həz noʊ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən əv ˈstɛpɪŋ daʊn. nɑt goʊɪŋ ˈɛniˌwɛr ənˈtɪl ˈsəmˌwən kəmz tɪ mi ənd tɛlz mi otherwise,”*,” sɛd ˈkɑrvər. nɑt ə shirker*, ənd nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ haɪd frəm ˈɛniˌwən. goʊɪŋ tɪ stænd ðɛr ənd teɪk ɪt, bɪˈkəz aɪ hæv to.”*.” ˈkɑrvər hæd ə brif ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪθ ˈmænəʤɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər li ˈʧɑrnli ˈæftər ðə ˈlɛstər geɪm. hi sɛd: hæd ə kwɪk ʧæt wɪθ li ˈʧɑrnli, bət ɪt wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ ˈsɪriəs. wɑz ˈbeɪsɪkli ʤɪst ˈæskɪŋ haʊ aɪ wɑz ənd haʊ aɪ wɑz ˈfilɪŋ. ɪt wɑz ə nis, kɑm conversation.”*.” ˈnuˌkæsəl hæv wən ʤɪst tu əv 16 lig geɪmz ˈəndər ˈkɑrvər, hu tʊk ˈoʊvər frəm ˈkrɪstəl ˈælən æt ðə tərn əv ðə jɪr. ənd, əˈstɑnɪʃɪŋli, ðə həz ədˈmɪtəd ðət ðɛr ɪz ə ʧæns səm əv hɪz pleɪərz ˈsɪmpli ər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ wət hi ɪz seɪɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ fild ənd ɪn ðə ˈdrɛsɪŋ rum. ˈɑnəst, aɪ hæv tɪ ədˈmɪt ə ʧæns ʤɪst nɑt ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ me,”*,” sɛd ˈkɑrvər. maɪt bi wən ˈfæktər əv ˈmɛni, ənd ju hæv tɪ kənˈsɪdər ɪt. ju hæv tɪ kənˈsɪdər ɪt ənd teɪk ɪt ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt. ɪt maɪt bi ə lɔt əv ˈəðər θɪŋz wi maɪt nɑt bi gʊd ɪˈnəf, wi maɪt nɑt hæv ɪˈnəf dɪˈzaɪər tɪ wɔnt tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ɪn ðə bɑks ər skɔr æt ðə ˈəðər ɛnd. lɔt əv ˈfæktərz, bət aɪ dɪˈnaɪ ðət (ðə pleɪərz nɑt ˈlɪsənɪŋ) kʊd bi wən əv them.”*.” ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈkɑrvər rɪfˈjuzd tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ˈoʊnli ˈɔfərɪŋ ɪm ““commiserations”*” ˈoʊvər ˈfeɪljər tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ə pleɪs.

at the risk of sounding arrogant, the one thing i can appreciate about myself is that i have no illusions about my shortcomings. i willing admit that my expectations of others can be high and sometimes even unrealistic, but for myself, i really just want people to accept me as i am. however, when you are as stubborn and as set in your ways as i am, you tend to get kicked in the rear by karma a lot. and you also run into the constant irritation of people trying to change you all the time. i like to think of my karma as my wake up calls from god. sometimes these calls are subtle in nature and only require a tiny poke for me to wake up and redirect myself. but more times than not, it takes a drastic, hard, swift, life altering kick in the ass to make me say “oh, that is what he meant.” here is the thing though, i see anything wrong with it, nor would i do anything any different. i am a firm believer in “you made your bed, now lay in it” philosophy. if i mess up, than i mess up but on the same token, it is my responsibility to clean up after myself. sure, i can try to prevent it but unfortunately, just a permanent member of the hard head makes a soft ass club and that is just the way it is. the beauty of where i am at in my life right now is that i am ensuring that this time around, when karma comes calling, i learn to not repeat these same errors. i do believe that life is all about falling and getting back up because it tests your faith and keeps it in check. even if it takes 50 times to learn just 1 simple lesson, then so be it. celebrate the accomplishment of learning the lesson and praise god for your new knowledge. i remember the days of trying to be a perfectionist. i believed that term was something to aspire to and that you really had issues to resolve if you aspiring to it as well. nowadays, i am more relaxed and i realize there are very few things i do perfectly and not even a term i want to make applicable for myself. see, my biggest karma lesson from god has been you will never be perfect because that is reserved for me.” thanking the lord everyday that i realize my place, my purpose and most of all my limitations. ~ mara prose important update: i have a surprise next week for all my loyal readers. those who are the most familiar with my writing want to start reading my short stories that i keep under lock and key. after much soul searching, i said why not. so beginning next week, my blog will begin to include short stories. some of the short stories will begin and end within that blog and others will fall under the “to be continued” format and will evolve based on reader feedback in the comments section. i am very excited about this new format and i hope you will be too. stay tuned! advertisements

æt ðə rɪsk əv ˈsaʊndɪŋ ˈɛrəgənt, ðə wən θɪŋ aɪ kən əˈpriʃiˌeɪt əˈbaʊt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪz ðət aɪ hæv noʊ ˌɪˈluʒənz əˈbaʊt maɪ ˈʃɔrtˌkəmɪŋz. aɪ ˈwɪlɪŋ ədˈmɪt ðət maɪ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz əv ˈəðərz kən bi haɪ ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈivɪn ənˌriˈlɪstɪk, bət fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, aɪ ˈrɪli ʤɪst wɔnt ˈpipəl tɪ əkˈsɛpt mi ɛz aɪ æm. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪn ju ər ɛz ˈstəbərn ənd ɛz sɛt ɪn jʊr weɪz ɛz aɪ æm, ju tɛnd tɪ gɪt kɪkt ɪn ðə rɪr baɪ ˈkɑrmə ə lɔt. ənd ju ˈɔlsoʊ rən ˈɪntu ðə ˈkɑnstənt ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃən əv ˈpipəl traɪɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ju ɔl ðə taɪm. aɪ laɪk tɪ θɪŋk əv maɪ ˈkɑrmə ɛz maɪ weɪk əp kɔlz frəm gɑd. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðiz kɔlz ər ˈsətəl ɪn ˈneɪʧər ənd ˈoʊnli ˌrikˈwaɪər ə ˈtaɪni poʊk fər mi tɪ weɪk əp ənd ˌridərˈɛkt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. bət mɔr taɪmz ðən nɑt, ɪt teɪks ə ˈdræstɪk, hɑrd, swɪft, laɪf ˈɔltərɪŋ kɪk ɪn ðə æs tɪ meɪk mi seɪ ““oh*, ðət ɪz wət hi meant.”*.” hir ɪz ðə θɪŋ ðoʊ, aɪ si ˈɛniˌθɪŋ rɔŋ wɪθ ɪt, nɔr wʊd aɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈɛni ˈdɪfərənt. aɪ æm ə fərm bɪˈlivər ɪn meɪd jʊr bɛd, naʊ leɪ ɪn it”*” fəˈlɑsəfi. ɪf aɪ mɛs əp, ðən aɪ mɛs əp bət ɔn ðə seɪm ˈtoʊkən, ɪt ɪz maɪ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ klin əp ˈæftər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ʃʊr, aɪ kən traɪ tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ɪt bət ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ʤɪst ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈmɛmbər əv ðə hɑrd hɛd meɪks ə sɔft æs kləb ənd ðət ɪz ʤɪst ðə weɪ ɪt ɪz. ðə ˈbjuti əv wɛr aɪ æm æt ɪn maɪ laɪf raɪt naʊ ɪz ðət aɪ æm ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət ðɪs taɪm əraʊnd, wɪn ˈkɑrmə kəmz ˈkɔlɪŋ, aɪ lərn tɪ nɑt rɪˈpit ðiz seɪm ˈɛrərz. aɪ du bɪˈliv ðət laɪf ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈfɑlɪŋ ənd ˈgɪtɪŋ bæk əp bɪˈkəz ɪt tɛsts jʊr feɪθ ənd kips ɪt ɪn ʧɛk. ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt teɪks 50 taɪmz tɪ lərn ʤɪst 1 ˈsɪmpəl ˈlɛsən, ðɛn soʊ bi ɪt. ˈsɛləˌbreɪt ðə əˈkɑmplɪʃmənt əv ˈlərnɪŋ ðə ˈlɛsən ənd preɪz gɑd fər jʊr nu ˈnɑlɪʤ. aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ðə deɪz əv traɪɪŋ tɪ bi ə pərˈfɛkʃənɪst. aɪ bɪˈlivd ðət tərm wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ əˈspaɪr tɪ ənd ðət ju ˈrɪli hæd ˈɪʃuz tɪ riˈzɑlv ɪf ju əˈspaɪrɪŋ tɪ ɪt ɛz wɛl. ˈnaʊəˌdeɪz, aɪ æm mɔr rɪˈlækst ənd aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðɛr ər ˈvɛri fju θɪŋz aɪ du ˈpərfəktli ənd nɑt ˈivɪn ə tərm aɪ wɔnt tɪ meɪk ˈæpləkəbəl fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. si, maɪ ˈbɪgəst ˈkɑrmə ˈlɛsən frəm gɑd həz bɪn ju wɪl ˈnɛvər bi ˈpərˌfɪkt bɪˈkəz ðət ɪz rɪˈzərvd fər me.”*.” ˈθæŋkɪŋ ðə lɔrd ˈɛvriˈdeɪ ðət aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz maɪ pleɪs, maɪ ˈpərpəs ənd moʊst əv ɔl maɪ ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz. ˈmɑrə proʊz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈəpˌdeɪt: aɪ hæv ə səˈpraɪz nɛkst wik fər ɔl maɪ lɔɪəl ˈridərz. ðoʊz hu ər ðə moʊst fəˈmɪljər wɪθ maɪ ˈraɪtɪŋ wɔnt tɪ stɑrt ˈrɛdɪŋ maɪ ʃɔrt ˈstɔriz ðət aɪ kip ˈəndər lɑk ənd ki. ˈæftər məʧ soʊl ˈsərʧɪŋ, aɪ sɛd waɪ nɑt. soʊ bɪˈgɪnɪŋ nɛkst wik, maɪ blɔg wɪl bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ʃɔrt ˈstɔriz. səm əv ðə ʃɔrt ˈstɔriz wɪl bɪˈgɪn ənd ɛnd wɪˈθɪn ðət blɔg ənd ˈəðərz wɪl fɔl ˈəndər ðə bi continued”*” ˈfɔrˌmæt ənd wɪl ɪˈvɑlv beɪst ɔn ˈridər ˈfidˌbæk ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts ˈsɛkʃən. aɪ æm ˈvɛri ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt ðɪs nu ˈfɔrˌmæt ənd aɪ hoʊp ju wɪl bi tu. steɪ tund! ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts

madison, wis. protests at the wisconsin capitol over public workers’ collective bargaining rights cost more than $7.8 million for police, and damage to the capitol will cost about $270,000 to repair, a state official said. department of administration secretary mike huebsch said during a news conference friday that local law enforcement incurred $3.9 million in overtime costs from feb. 14 to march 13. another $3.5 million was spent on overtime for state agencies that helped cover security such as the capitol police, wisconsin state patrol, department of natural resources and the division of criminal investigation. huebsch said that the state has not paid any claims yet, but will pay overtime and some justified food expenses incurred by local law enforcement once been audited. doa officials also say a capitol damage report written by restoration expert charlie found that protesters caused years of wear” on the building in the course of two weeks that will cost $161,050 to repair. about $112,000 should be spent repairing damage to stonework, while another $30,500 has already been spent on extra custodial staff for cleaning.’s assessment cost about $13,000. the damage was related to nearly monthlong protests that saw daily demonstrations of tens of thousands of protesters in and around the capitol. several thousand protesters flooded the capitol rotunda daily, with many setting up camp under the dome and staying the night. the capitol walls were filled with signs affixed with blue painters’ tape, which protesters used to avoid damaging the marble. despite a handful of arrests over the course of the demonstrations, protesters maintained a peaceful presence and made efforts to clean parts of the building nightly. in his report, said that the most significant damage was chipping and nicks to stones on the ground and first floors, which would have to be repaired through a process that includes trying to match the color of the stones. quagliana noted residue left by tape from protester signs and oil damage from cardboard pizza boxes hung as makeshift signs. while he recommended a full cleaning of surfaces in public areas to remove the tape and residue, he also noted they have not had a full cleaning since the late 1990s’ and were covered with layers of dust and grime. another $108,500 will be spent repairing damage to the capitol lawn and its shrubs that were damaged by rallies of thousands held outside. huebsch said there was no evidence of “malicious destruction” of the capitol by protesters, but only “carelessness.” “i think $270,000 in damage to the capitol is a huge amount,” huebsch said. “that being said, it could have been much worse.” huebsch initially estimated during a court case regarding access to the capitol that the damage to the building would cost $7.5 million to repair. huebsch said he did not regret making the estimate, which he says was the best information available at the time. “the staff responded in the best way they could, and certainly seen the memos as to the ground work that they did and just basically went back to what the restoration costs were 15 years ago when the capitol was renovated,” huebsch said. “so i think it was a mistake because we were specifically asked that question in court.” huebsch said that will work with the legislature to fund the reimbursements, but that they would likely come from taxpayer dollars. sen. fred risser, d-madison, who has been a critic of capitol access issues since the protest, decried the cost of the added security to taxpayers. “the costs of these excessive security measures are still being incurred and remain in clear violation of a court order,” risser said. “the protests that occurred this spring were peaceful. it is unnecessary to turn the house into a fortress where the people are not welcome.” huebsch said that although security around the capitol is being constantly evaluated, the extra security would likely remain in place until after the collective bargaining issue has been resolved in the legislature. doa is also waiting on a report from the department of military affairs that would detail the capitol protests and security concerns arising from the event.

ˈmædɪsən, wɪs. ˈproʊˌtɛsts æt ðə wɪˈskɑnsən ˈkæpɪtəl ˈoʊvər ˈpəblɪk workers’*’ kəˈlɛktɪv ˈbɑrgɪnɪŋ raɪts kɔst mɔr ðən ˈmɪljən fər pəˈlis, ənd ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ˈkæpɪtəl wɪl kɔst əˈbaʊt tɪ rɪˈpɛr, ə steɪt əˈfɪʃəl sɛd. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri maɪk hʊbʃ sɛd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðət ˈloʊkəl lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˌɪnˈkərd ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈoʊvərˌtaɪm kɔsts frəm ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 14 tɪ mɑrʧ 13 əˈnəðər ˈmɪljən wɑz spɛnt ɔn ˈoʊvərˌtaɪm fər steɪt ˈeɪʤənsiz ðət hɛlpt ˈkəvər sɪˈkjʊrəti səʧ ɛz ðə ˈkæpɪtəl pəˈlis, wɪˈskɑnsən steɪt pəˈtroʊl, dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈnæʧərəl ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd ðə dɪˈvɪʒən əv ˈkrɪmənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. hʊbʃ sɛd ðət ðə steɪt həz nɑt peɪd ˈɛni kleɪmz jɛt, bət wɪl peɪ ˈoʊvərˌtaɪm ənd səm ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd fud ɪkˈspɛnsɪz ˌɪnˈkərd baɪ ˈloʊkəl lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt wəns bɪn ˈɔdɪtɪd. əˈfɪʃəlz ˈɔlsoʊ seɪ ə ˈkæpɪtəl ˈdæmɪʤ rɪˈpɔrt ˈrɪtən baɪ ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən ˈɛkspərt ˈʧɑrli faʊnd ðət ˈproʊˌtɛstərz kɔzd jɪrz əv wear”*” ɔn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ðə kɔrs əv tu wiks ðət wɪl kɔst tɪ rɪˈpɛr. əˈbaʊt ʃʊd bi spɛnt rɪˈpɛrɪŋ ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ stonework*, waɪl əˈnəðər həz ɔˈrɛdi bɪn spɛnt ɔn ˈɛkstrə kəˈstoʊdiəl stæf fər ˈklinɪŋ. əˈsɛsmənt kɔst əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdæmɪʤ wɑz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈnɪrli ˈmənθˌlɔŋ ˈproʊˌtɛsts ðət sɔ ˈdeɪli ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz əv tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ɪn ənd əraʊnd ðə ˈkæpɪtəl. ˈsɛvərəl ˈθaʊzənd ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ˈflədɪd ðə ˈkæpɪtəl roʊˈtəndə ˈdeɪli, wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈsɛtɪŋ əp kæmp ˈəndər ðə doʊm ənd steɪɪŋ ðə naɪt. ðə ˈkæpɪtəl wɔlz wər fɪld wɪθ saɪnz əˈfɪkst wɪθ blu painters’*’ teɪp, wɪʧ ˈproʊˌtɛstərz juzd tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ðə ˈmɑrbəl. dɪˈspaɪt ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ərˈɛsts ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ðə ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz, ˈproʊˌtɛstərz meɪnˈteɪnd ə ˈpisfəl ˈprɛzəns ənd meɪd ˈɛfərts tɪ klin pɑrts əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈnaɪtli. ɪn hɪz rɪˈpɔrt, sɛd ðət ðə moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈdæmɪʤ wɑz ˈʧɪpɪŋ ənd nɪks tɪ stoʊnz ɔn ðə graʊnd ənd fərst flɔrz, wɪʧ wʊd hæv tɪ bi rɪˈpɛrd θru ə ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət ˌɪnˈkludz traɪɪŋ tɪ mæʧ ðə ˈkələr əv ðə stoʊnz. ˈnoʊtɪd ˈrɛzəˌdu lɛft baɪ teɪp frəm ˈproʊˌtɛstər saɪnz ənd ɔɪl ˈdæmɪʤ frəm ˈkɑrdˌbɔrd ˈpitsə ˈbɑksɪz həŋ ɛz ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft saɪnz. waɪl hi ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ə fʊl ˈklinɪŋ əv ˈsərfəsɪz ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈɛriəz tɪ riˈmuv ðə teɪp ənd ˈrɛzəˌdu, hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd ðeɪ hæv nɑt hæd ə fʊl ˈklinɪŋ sɪns ðə leɪt 1990s’*’ ənd wər ˈkəvərd wɪθ leɪərz əv dəst ənd graɪm. əˈnəðər wɪl bi spɛnt rɪˈpɛrɪŋ ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ˈkæpɪtəl lɔn ənd ɪts ʃrəbz ðət wər ˈdæmɪʤd baɪ ˈræliz əv ˈθaʊzənz hɛld ˈaʊtˈsaɪd. hʊbʃ sɛd ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈɛvədəns əv destruction”*” əv ðə ˈkæpɪtəl baɪ ˈproʊˌtɛstərz, bət ˈoʊnli ““carelessness.”*.” θɪŋk ɪn ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ɪz ə juʤ amount,”*,” hʊbʃ sɛd. biɪŋ sɛd, ɪt kʊd hæv bɪn məʧ worse.”*.” hʊbʃ ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə kɔrt keɪs rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ðət ðə ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ wʊd kɔst ˈmɪljən tɪ rɪˈpɛr. hʊbʃ sɛd hi dɪd nɑt rɪˈgrɛt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪt, wɪʧ hi sɪz wɑz ðə bɛst ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈveɪləbəl æt ðə taɪm. stæf rɪˈspɑndɪd ɪn ðə bɛst weɪ ðeɪ kʊd, ənd ˈsərtənli sin ðə ˈmɛmoʊz ɛz tɪ ðə graʊnd wərk ðət ðeɪ dɪd ənd ʤɪst ˈbeɪsɪkli wɛnt bæk tɪ wət ðə ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən kɔsts wər 15 jɪrz əˈgoʊ wɪn ðə ˈkæpɪtəl wɑz renovated,”*,” hʊbʃ sɛd. aɪ θɪŋk ɪt wɑz ə mɪˈsteɪk bɪˈkəz wi wər spəˈsɪfɪkli æst ðət kˈwɛʃən ɪn court.”*.” hʊbʃ sɛd ðət wɪl wərk wɪθ ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər tɪ fənd ðə ˌriɪmˈbərsmənts, bət ðət ðeɪ wʊd ˈlaɪkli kəm frəm ˈtækˌspeɪər ˈdɔlərz. sɛn. frɛd ˈrɪsər, d-madison*, hu həz bɪn ə ˈkrɪtɪk əv ˈkæpɪtəl ˈækˌsɛs ˈɪʃuz sɪns ðə ˈproʊˌtɛst, dɪˈkraɪd ðə kɔst əv ðə ˈædɪd sɪˈkjʊrəti tɪ ˈtækˌspeɪərz. kɔsts əv ðiz ɪkˈsɛsɪv sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈmɛʒərz ər stɪl biɪŋ ˌɪnˈkərd ənd rɪˈmeɪn ɪn klɪr vaɪəˈleɪʃən əv ə kɔrt order,”*,” ˈrɪsər sɛd. ˈproʊˌtɛsts ðət əˈkərd ðɪs spərɪŋ wər ˈpisfəl. ɪt ɪz ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ tərn ðə haʊs ˈɪntu ə ˈfɔrtrəs wɛr ðə ˈpipəl ər nɑt welcome.”*.” hʊbʃ sɛd ðət ˌɔlˈðoʊ sɪˈkjʊrəti əraʊnd ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ɪz biɪŋ ˈkɑnstəntli ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd, ðə ˈɛkstrə sɪˈkjʊrəti wʊd ˈlaɪkli rɪˈmeɪn ɪn pleɪs ənˈtɪl ˈæftər ðə kəˈlɛktɪv ˈbɑrgɪnɪŋ ˈɪʃu həz bɪn riˈzɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər. ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈweɪtɪŋ ɔn ə rɪˈpɔrt frəm ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈfɛrz ðət wʊd ˈditeɪl ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ˈproʊˌtɛsts ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti kənˈsərnz ərˈaɪzɪŋ frəm ðə ɪˈvɛnt.

the determine your personal hearing profile by listening to emissions" -- sounds emitted by the inner ear when stimulated -- with a tiny microphone. these emissions reveal a lot of info about our hearing, enough that believes can be deciphered into a sort of hearing "fingerprint." takes this fingerprint and uses it to adjust the audio signal from the headphones. the end result is a bit like a personal setting, without all the guesswork, designed to make music sound like the artist intended (rather than amplify arbitrary frequencies). it's a tantalizing prospect: corrective headphones that know the quirks and failings of your beleaguered ears. when we wrote about them last year, i'll admit i was skeptical. pretty much every headphone pitch i have ever had (and that is many) has espoused the virtues of its revolutionary audio, be it custom drivers, magical sound engines, dynamic or cutting-edge algorithms and so on. but none of that helps if you're not able to hear all of those sounds and frequenciesually. setting up the is a bit more involved than most other headphones (in that there's even a setup process at all), but it's simple. using the companion app (ios/android), you are first guided to make sure you have the headphones placed on your head correctly. have an unusual configuration that we'll get into later, but this makes it important to have them on just right during setup. once you have them on properly, the app plays some audio that sounds a bit like a futuristic fax machine. this doesn't last long, but it soon moves onto the next stage of configuration, which takes a little longer. all in all, it takes about a minute. once complete, you can save your profile and forget about it if you wish. naturally, the first thing i wanted to know was how it sounded without the custom profile. fortunately, this is easy to do in the app, as there's a switch to toggle between generic and custom audio. i'll be honest, the difference was incredible. in the generic setting, the audio sounded actually pretty bad. but once i put on the custom profile, the music sprang to life. the first thing you notice is that the music is louder. this alone -- a simple bump in volume -- is often enough to "trick" the brain into thinking something sounds better. (there's an old trick of casually lowering the volume on the previous's last record so that your first one invokes the same feeling.) i could tell straight away though that there was more going on here. the music didn't just sound louder, it sounded more "complete." all the different frequencies in the music felt balanced and natural, and not "juiced." after listening to a number of different tracks in different styles, i was actually somewhat excited. there's an intangible, magical feeling you get when listening to audio on a high-end system. this isn't quite the feeling i had here, but it was similar. a sense that music feels alive -- clearer, almost. the have a few other features that help the music along, too. while they look like headphones, each cup has a protruding "stalk" that goes inside your ear. both the outer section and part provide passive noise canceling, so the effect is doubled. in a room with people talking right in front of me (and no music playing), i couldn't hear a thing. the second trick that added is tactile bass. inside the part are transponders that respond to low frequencies (bass) with vibrations. it's not just an vibrate, it's responsive to the frequency. similar to how or work. the idea is that you "feel" the bass while the part focuses on the midrange and upward. it works very well (trust me), and i'd love to see this option in more headphones. if you're wondering, you can disable the "immersion" feature (as calls it) or, conversely, go wild, and jack it right up to levels. by now, you can't help but have noticed that these are no regular headphones. the design alone will tell you that. when i first saw the two drivers poking out of the cups, i didn't know what to make of them. each stalk is spring-loaded, so it doesn't poke you in the side of the head (or push into your ear too hard). the spring is cleverly engineered so it slowly. the upshot is that sometimes you adjust the headphones and then feel the tip of the stalk slowly worm its way into your ear canal. you might also have noticed these stalks are... mildly "anatomical" looking. it's a little weird, but not unpleasant. i did find myself having to readjust the a fair amount. not constantly, but maybe two or three times an hour i'd find myself reaching for either side just to get it in a slightly sweeter spot. the stalks aren't uncomfortable, but it's more about making sure you have them inserted properly, so it becomes a bit of an unconscious twitch to be sure you have them set right. the' weird aside, the product experience as a whole is thoughtfully designed. the rubber sections that rest on the side of your head can detect when you're wearing them. this is, in fact, how you turn the on -- simply put them on your head. there are two buttons "hidden" in the circular caps outside the strap (where you adjust the fit). these can be configured in the app to do whatever you want. there's likely a compromise here, as you'll have to choose between skipping tracks, audio profile toggling, answering calls ... whatever the two things you need the most. i often want to pause or adjust the volume on the go, but obviously want to be able to answer calls too, without reaching for my no button to activate bluetooth mode, either. anytime the headphones aren't connected, they default back to pairing mode. this minimalist approach feels smart when it works. but if you need to toggle bluetooth (as i sometimes did) or want to reboot the headphones (as i sometimes did), it's a bit of a guessing game -- setting them down for a bit and putting them back on. likewise, occasionally i'd lift one off to talk with a friend, and the headphones would turn off. they'd reconnect again in a few seconds, but it's a minor break in the experience. for those who prefer a wired connection, you have plenty of options here. the come with a a cable for charging, but there are c, micro-usb, lightning and audio cables available too (for an additional cost). despite the minor quirks, the whole experience feels refined. smart, even. and it'll likely only get better. a feature in beta is that the headphones can detect who's wearing them (if they have a profile set in the app). i tested this with my wife, and it works well -- telling me "welcome back, james" every time i put them on. you also don't need the app once you've gone through the setup -- the settings are stored on the headset, so you can forget about it completely if you prefer. if you're wondering, you can have up to three different profiles set in the app. it's also a good way to see how different your hearing is to someone else's. i tried my wife's profile, and it actually sounded pretty similar. both mine and hers sounded pleasing, but mine did sound better (to me). i noticed higher frequencies were a little harsher in my partner's setting, and a little subdued. on a more practical note, in wireless mode the last about 20 hours, which is decent. you can also use them with your pc without the cable. when you plug them in via, your computer should detect them as an audio output device, so you can easily charge them while listening at work. it's worth noting here that there's no led, so without the app, it can be hard to know if they are fully charged. for a debut product, the are impressive. the audio voodoo really does add a depth and a sense of clarity to music that almost makes you worry that you must otherwise be slogging through the world hearing the world only half as brightly as you could. the tactile bass adds another dimension (and means you need less volume), though your personal preference may vary with this one, and the slick design touches make this feel like a polished product. but they also introduce a few minor compromises or design quirks that might take some getting used to. if you can live with relinquishing control over connectivity and power to the headphones, you've got little to worry about. at $399/£349, the aren't the cheapest on the market, but they deliver an experience (and musical excitement) that's unique.

ðə dɪˈtərmən jʊr ˈpərsɪnəl ˈhirɪŋ ˈproʊˌfaɪl baɪ ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ɪˈmɪʃənz" saʊnz ɪˈmɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈɪnər ɪr wɪn ˈstɪmjəˌleɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈtaɪni ˈmaɪkrəˌfoʊn. ðiz ɪˈmɪʃənz rɪˈvil ə lɔt əv ˈɪnfoʊ əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈhirɪŋ, ɪˈnəf ðət bɪˈlivz kən bi dɪˈsaɪfərd ˈɪntu ə sɔrt əv ˈhirɪŋ "ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪnt." teɪks ðɪs ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪnt ənd ˈjuzɪz ɪt tɪ əˈʤəst ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈsɪgnəl frəm ðə ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz. ðə ɛnd rɪˈzəlt ɪz ə bɪt laɪk ə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈsɛtɪŋ, wɪˈθaʊt ɔl ðə ˈgɛsˌwərk, dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ meɪk mˈjuzɪk saʊnd laɪk ðə ˈɑrtɪst ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd (ˈrəðər ðən ˈæmpləˌfaɪ ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri ˈfrikwənsiz). ɪts ə ˈtænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈprɑspɛkt: kərˈɛktɪv ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz ðət noʊ ðə kwərks ənd ˈfeɪlɪŋz əv jʊr bɪˈligərd ɪrz. wɪn wi roʊt əˈbaʊt ðɛm læst jɪr, aɪl ədˈmɪt aɪ wɑz ˈskɛptɪkəl. ˈprɪti məʧ ˈɛvəri ˈhɛdˌfoʊn pɪʧ aɪ hæv ˈɛvər hæd (ənd ðət ɪz ˈmɛni) həz ɪˈspaʊzd ðə ˈvərʧuz əv ɪts ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈɑdiˌoʊ, bi ɪt ˈkəstəm ˈdraɪvərz, ˈmæʤɪkəl saʊnd ˈɛnʤənz, daɪˈnæmɪk ər ˈkətɪˌŋɛʤ ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ənd soʊ ɔn. bət nən əv ðət hɛlps ɪf jʊr nɑt ˈeɪbəl tɪ hir ɔl əv ðoʊz saʊnz ənd ˈfrikwənsiz ˈikwəli. ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ðə ɪz ə bɪt mɔr ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ðən moʊst ˈəðər ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz (ɪn ðət ðɛrz ˈivɪn ə ˈsɛˌtəp ˈprɔˌsɛs æt ɔl), bət ɪts ˈsɪmpəl. ˈjuzɪŋ ðə kəmˈpænjən æp (ios/android*), ju ər fərst ˈgaɪdɪd tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ju hæv ðə ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz pleɪst ɔn jʊr hɛd kərˈɛktli. hæv ən ənˈjuˌʒuəl kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ðət wɪl gɪt ˈɪntu ˈleɪtər, bət ðɪs meɪks ɪt ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ hæv ðɛm ɔn ʤɪst raɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈsɛˌtəp. wəns ju hæv ðɛm ɔn ˈprɑpərli, ðə æp pleɪz səm ˈɑdiˌoʊ ðət saʊnz ə bɪt laɪk ə fˌjuʧərˈɪstɪk fæks məˈʃin. ðɪs ˈdəzənt læst lɔŋ, bət ɪt sun muvz ˈɔntu ðə nɛkst steɪʤ əv kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən, wɪʧ teɪks ə ˈlɪtəl ˈlɔŋgər. ɔl ɪn ɔl, ɪt teɪks əˈbaʊt ə ˈmɪnət. wəns kəmˈplit, ju kən seɪv jʊr ˈproʊˌfaɪl ənd fərˈgɛt əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪf ju wɪʃ. ˈnæʧərəli, ðə fərst θɪŋ aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ noʊ wɑz haʊ ɪt ˈsaʊndɪd wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈkəstəm ˈproʊˌfaɪl. ˈfɔrʧənətli, ðɪs ɪz ˈizi tɪ du ɪn ðə æp, ɛz ðɛrz ə swɪʧ tɪ ˈtɑgəl bɪtˈwin ʤəˈnɛrɪk ənd ˈkəstəm ˈɑdiˌoʊ. aɪl bi ˈɑnəst, ðə ˈdɪfərəns wɑz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl. ɪn ðə ʤəˈnɛrɪk ˈsɛtɪŋ, ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈsaʊndɪd ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈprɪti bæd. bət wəns aɪ pʊt ɔn ðə ˈkəstəm ˈproʊˌfaɪl, ðə mˈjuzɪk spræŋ tɪ laɪf. ðə fərst θɪŋ ju ˈnoʊtɪs ɪz ðət ðə mˈjuzɪk ɪz ˈlaʊdər. ðɪs əˈloʊn ə ˈsɪmpəl bəmp ɪn ˈvɑljum ɪz ˈɔfən ɪˈnəf tɪ "trɪk" ðə breɪn ˈɪntu ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ saʊnz ˈbɛtər. (ðɛrz ən oʊld trɪk əv ˈkæʒəwəli loʊərɪŋ ðə ˈvɑljum ɔn ðə ˈpriviəs læst ˈrɛkərd soʊ ðət jʊr fərst wən ˌɪnˈvoʊks ðə seɪm ˈfilɪŋ.) aɪ kʊd tɛl streɪt əˈweɪ ðoʊ ðət ðɛr wɑz mɔr goʊɪŋ ɔn hir. ðə mˈjuzɪk ˈdɪdənt ʤɪst saʊnd ˈlaʊdər, ɪt ˈsaʊndɪd mɔr "kəmˈplit." ɔl ðə ˈdɪfərənt ˈfrikwənsiz ɪn ðə mˈjuzɪk fɛlt ˈbælənst ənd ˈnæʧərəl, ənd nɑt "juiced*." ˈæftər ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈdɪfərənt træks ɪn ˈdɪfərənt staɪlz, aɪ wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈsəmˈwət ɪkˈsaɪtɪd. ðɛrz ən ˌɪnˈtænʤəbəl, ˈmæʤɪkəl ˈfilɪŋ ju gɪt wɪn ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ˈɑdiˌoʊ ɔn ə haɪɛnd ˈsɪstəm. ðɪs ˈɪzənt kwaɪt ðə ˈfilɪŋ aɪ hæd hir, bət ɪt wɑz ˈsɪmələr. ə sɛns ðət mˈjuzɪk filz əˈlaɪv ˈklɪrər, ˈɔlˌmoʊst. ðə hæv ə fju ˈəðər ˈfiʧərz ðət hɛlp ðə mˈjuzɪk əˈlɔŋ, tu. waɪl ðeɪ lʊk laɪk ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz, iʧ kəp həz ə proʊˈtrudɪŋ "stɔk" ðət goʊz ˌɪnˈsaɪd jʊr ɪr. boʊθ ðə ˈaʊtər ˈsɛkʃən ənd pɑrt prəˈvaɪd ˈpæsɪv nɔɪz ˈkænsəlɪŋ, soʊ ðə ˈifɛkt ɪz ˈdəbəld. ɪn ə rum wɪθ ˈpipəl ˈtɔkɪŋ raɪt ɪn frənt əv mi (ənd noʊ mˈjuzɪk pleɪɪŋ), aɪ ˈkʊdənt hir ə θɪŋ. ðə ˈsɛkənd trɪk ðət ˈædɪd ɪz ˈtækˌtaɪl bæs. ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə pɑrt ər trænˈspɑndərz ðət rɪˈspɑnd tɪ loʊ ˈfrikwənsiz (bæs) wɪθ vaɪˈbreɪʃənz. ɪts nɑt ʤɪst ən ˈvaɪbreɪt, ɪts rɪˈspɑnsɪv tɪ ðə ˈfrikwənsi. ˈsɪmələr tɪ haʊ ər wərk. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz ðət ju "fil" ðə bæs waɪl ðə pɑrt ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ðə ˈmɪˌdreɪnʤ ənd ˈəpwərd. ɪt wərks ˈvɛri wɛl (trəst mi), ənd aɪd ləv tɪ si ðɪs ˈɔpʃən ɪn mɔr ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz. ɪf jʊr ˈwəndərɪŋ, ju kən dɪˈseɪbəl ðə "ˌɪˈmərʒən" ˈfiʧər (ɛz kɔlz ɪt) ər, ˈkɑnvərsli, goʊ waɪld, ənd ʤæk ɪt raɪt əp tɪ ˈlɛvəlz. baɪ naʊ, ju kænt hɛlp bət hæv ˈnoʊtɪst ðət ðiz ər noʊ ˈrɛgjələr ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz. ðə dɪˈzaɪn əˈloʊn wɪl tɛl ju ðət. wɪn aɪ fərst sɔ ðə tu ˈdraɪvərz ˈpoʊkɪŋ aʊt əv ðə kəps, aɪ ˈdɪdənt noʊ wət tɪ meɪk əv ðɛm. iʧ stɔk ɪz spring-loaded*, soʊ ɪt ˈdəzənt poʊk ju ɪn ðə saɪd əv ðə hɛd (ər pʊʃ ˈɪntu jʊr ɪr tu hɑrd). ðə spərɪŋ ɪz ˈklɛvərli ˌɛnʤəˈnird soʊ ɪt sˈloʊli. ðə ˈəpˌʃɑt ɪz ðət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ju əˈʤəst ðə ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz ənd ðɛn fil ðə tɪp əv ðə stɔk sˈloʊli wərm ɪts weɪ ˈɪntu jʊr ɪr kəˈnæl. ju maɪt ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈnoʊtɪst ðiz stɔks ər... ˈmaɪldli "ˌænəˈtɑmɪkəl" ˈlʊkɪŋ. ɪts ə ˈlɪtəl wɪrd, bət nɑt ənˈplɛzənt. aɪ dɪd faɪnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈhævɪŋ tɪ ˌriəˈʤəst ðə ə fɛr əˈmaʊnt. nɑt ˈkɑnstəntli, bət ˈmeɪbi tu ər θri taɪmz ən aʊər aɪd faɪnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈriʧɪŋ fər ˈiðər saɪd ʤɪst tɪ gɪt ɪt ɪn ə sˈlaɪtli sˈwitər spɑt. ðə stɔks ˈɑrənt ənˈkəmfərtəbəl, bət ɪts mɔr əˈbaʊt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr ju hæv ðɛm ˌɪnˈsərtɪd ˈprɑpərli, soʊ ɪt bɪˈkəmz ə bɪt əv ən ˌənˈkɑnʃəs twɪʧ tɪ bi ʃʊr ju hæv ðɛm sɛt raɪt. ðə' wɪrd əˈsaɪd, ðə ˈprɑdəkt ɪkˈspɪriəns ɛz ə hoʊl ɪz ˈθɔtfəli dɪˈzaɪnd. ðə ˈrəbər ˈsɛkʃənz ðət rɛst ɔn ðə saɪd əv jʊr hɛd kən dɪˈtɛkt wɪn jʊr ˈwɛrɪŋ ðɛm. ðɪs ɪz, ɪn fækt, haʊ ju tərn ðə ɔn ˈsɪmpli pʊt ðɛm ɔn jʊr hɛd. ðɛr ər tu ˈbətənz "ˈhɪdən" ɪn ðə ˈsərkjələr kæps ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə stræp (wɛr ju əˈʤəst ðə fɪt). ðiz kən bi kənˈfɪgjərd ɪn ðə æp tɪ du ˌwəˈtɛvər ju wɔnt. ðɛrz ˈlaɪkli ə ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz hir, ɛz jul hæv tɪ ʧuz bɪtˈwin ˈskɪpɪŋ træks, ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈproʊˌfaɪl ˈtɑglɪŋ, ˈænsərɪŋ kɔlz ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə tu θɪŋz ju nid ðə moʊst. aɪ ˈɔfən wɔnt tɪ pɔz ər əˈʤəst ðə ˈvɑljum ɔn ðə goʊ, bət ˈɑbviəsli wɔnt tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈænsər kɔlz tu, wɪˈθaʊt ˈriʧɪŋ fər maɪ noʊ ˈbətən tɪ ˈæktəˌveɪt ˈbluˌtuθ moʊd, ˈiðər. ˈɛniˌtaɪm ðə ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz ˈɑrənt kəˈnɛktɪd, ðeɪ dɪˈfɔlt bæk tɪ ˈpɛrɪŋ moʊd. ðɪs ˈmɪnəməlɪst əˈproʊʧ filz smɑrt wɪn ɪt wərks. bət ɪf ju nid tɪ ˈtɑgəl ˈbluˌtuθ (ɛz aɪ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz dɪd) ər wɔnt tɪ riˈbut ðə ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz (ɛz aɪ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz dɪd), ɪts ə bɪt əv ə ˈgɛsɪŋ geɪm ˈsɛtɪŋ ðɛm daʊn fər ə bɪt ənd ˈpʊtɪŋ ðɛm bæk ɔn. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz, ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli aɪd lɪft wən ɔf tɪ tɔk wɪθ ə frɛnd, ənd ðə ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz wʊd tərn ɔf. ðeɪd rikəˈnɛkt əˈgɛn ɪn ə fju ˈsɛkəndz, bət ɪts ə ˈmaɪnər breɪk ɪn ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns. fər ðoʊz hu prɪˈfər ə waɪərd kəˈnɛkʃən, ju hæv ˈplɛnti əv ˈɔpʃənz hir. ðə kəm wɪθ ə ə ˈkeɪbəl fər ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ, bət ðɛr ər si, micro-usb*, ˈlaɪtnɪŋ ənd ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈkeɪbəlz əˈveɪləbəl tu (fər ən əˈdɪʃənəl kɔst). dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈmaɪnər kwərks, ðə hoʊl ɪkˈspɪriəns filz rɪˈfaɪnd. smɑrt, ˈivɪn. ənd ˈɪtəl ˈlaɪkli ˈoʊnli gɪt ˈbɛtər. ə ˈfiʧər ɪn ˈbeɪtə ɪz ðət ðə ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz kən dɪˈtɛkt huz ˈwɛrɪŋ ðɛm (ɪf ðeɪ hæv ə ˈproʊˌfaɪl sɛt ɪn ðə æp). aɪ ˈtɛstɪd ðɪs wɪθ maɪ waɪf, ənd ɪt wərks wɛl ˈtɛlɪŋ mi "ˈwɛlkəm bæk, ʤeɪmz" ˈɛvəri taɪm aɪ pʊt ðɛm ɔn. ju ˈɔlsoʊ doʊnt nid ðə æp wəns juv gɔn θru ðə ˈsɛˌtəp ðə ˈsɛtɪŋz ər stɔrd ɔn ðə ˈhɛdˌsɛt, soʊ ju kən fərˈgɛt əˈbaʊt ɪt kəmˈplitli ɪf ju prɪˈfər. ɪf jʊr ˈwəndərɪŋ, ju kən hæv əp tɪ θri ˈdɪfərənt ˈproʊˌfaɪlz sɛt ɪn ðə æp. ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ə gʊd weɪ tɪ si haʊ ˈdɪfərənt jʊr ˈhirɪŋ ɪz tɪ ˈsəmˌwən ˈɛlsɪz. aɪ traɪd maɪ waɪfs ˈproʊˌfaɪl, ənd ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈsaʊndɪd ˈprɪti ˈsɪmələr. boʊθ maɪn ənd hərz ˈsaʊndɪd ˈplizɪŋ, bət maɪn dɪd saʊnd ˈbɛtər (tɪ mi). aɪ ˈnoʊtɪst haɪər ˈfrikwənsiz wər ə ˈlɪtəl ˈhɑrʃər ɪn maɪ ˈpɑrtnərz ˈsɛtɪŋ, ənd ə ˈlɪtəl səbˈdud. ɔn ə mɔr ˈpræktɪkəl noʊt, ɪn ˈwaɪrlɪs moʊd ðə læst əˈbaʊt 20 aʊərz, wɪʧ ɪz ˈdisənt. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ juz ðɛm wɪθ jʊr ˈpiˈsi wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈkeɪbəl. wɪn ju pləg ðɛm ɪn ˈviə, jʊr kəmˈpjutər ʃʊd dɪˈtɛkt ðɛm ɛz ən ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈaʊtˌpʊt dɪˈvaɪs, soʊ ju kən ˈizəli ʧɑrʤ ðɛm waɪl ˈlɪsənɪŋ æt wərk. ɪts wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ hir ðət ðɛrz noʊ lɛd, soʊ wɪˈθaʊt ðə æp, ɪt kən bi hɑrd tɪ noʊ ɪf ðeɪ ər ˈfʊli ʧɑrʤd. fər ə ˈdeɪbju ˈprɑdəkt, ðə ər ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv. ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈvuˌdu ˈrɪli dɪz æd ə dɛpθ ənd ə sɛns əv ˈklɛrɪti tɪ mˈjuzɪk ðət ˈɔlˌmoʊst meɪks ju ˈwəri ðət ju məst ˈəðərˌwaɪz bi sˈlɑgɪŋ θru ðə wərld ˈhirɪŋ ðə wərld ˈoʊnli hæf ɛz ˈbraɪtli ɛz ju kʊd. ðə ˈtækˌtaɪl bæs ædz əˈnəðər dɪˈmɛnʃən (ənd minz ju nid lɛs ˈvɑljum), ðoʊ jʊr ˈpərsɪnəl ˈprɛfərəns meɪ ˈvɛri wɪθ ðɪs wən, ənd ðə slɪk dɪˈzaɪn ˈtəʧɪz meɪk ðɪs fil laɪk ə ˈpɑlɪʃt ˈprɑdəkt. bət ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪntrəˈdus ə fju ˈmaɪnər ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪz ər dɪˈzaɪn kwərks ðət maɪt teɪk səm ˈgɪtɪŋ juzd tɪ. ɪf ju kən lɪv wɪθ riˈlɪŋkwɪʃɪŋ kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər kənɛkˈtɪvɪti ənd paʊər tɪ ðə ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz, juv gɑt ˈlɪtəl tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt. æt ðə ˈɑrənt ðə ˈʧipəst ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt, bət ðeɪ dɪˈlɪvər ən ɪkˈspɪriəns (ənd mˈjuzɪkəl ɪkˈsaɪtmənt) ðæts juˈnik.

with 2015 heading towards being the hottest year on record, india and china will negotiate for a treaty to put a check on the rising temperature. the two countries will formally move a proposal at the bonn climate talks starting from monday, proposing that rich nations should have emission reduction targets. india will also propose that rich nations give us$ 100 billion of public finance every year to fight climate change. an draft was agreed on in geneva earlier this year for the paris climate summit and at bonn, negotiators of 196 countries will try to bridge differences on several contentious issues, including finance, mitigation targets, adaptation and technology transfer. an indian climate negotiator said the task at bonn would not be easy as most of the countries were not willing to budge from their stand. he added that as the prime minister had made it clear, india would be insisting on emission targets as part of the deal. “having emission reduction targets has no meaning unless rich countries have emission reduction targets for 2020. many countries have opted out of the kyoto protocol making it a instrument,” the official said. the proposal is backed by china and a few other developing countries but may be resisted by the united states which has not given any emission reduction target for 2020. the negotiations come at the time when several tropical countries, including india and africa, are battling an intense heat wave. the world meteorological organisation that monitors global weather conditions had predicted that 2015 could be the warmest year on record. the prediction is based on the hot weather conditions in various regions of the world in the first five months of 2015. climate scientists believe that the weather condition this year should be a warning to countries that they need to act now to fight climate change. first published: may 31, 2015

wɪθ 2015 ˈhɛdɪŋ təˈwɔrdz biɪŋ ðə ˈhɑtəst jɪr ɔn ˈrɛkərd, ˈɪndiə ənd ˈʧaɪnə wɪl nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt fər ə ˈtriti tɪ pʊt ə ʧɛk ɔn ðə ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈtɛmpərəʧər. ðə tu ˈkəntriz wɪl ˈfɔrməli muv ə prəˈpoʊzəl æt ðə bɑn ˈklaɪmɪt tɔks ˈstɑrtɪŋ frəm ˈmənˌdeɪ, prəˈpoʊzɪŋ ðət rɪʧ ˈneɪʃənz ʃʊd hæv ɪˈmɪʃən rɪˈdəkʃən ˈtɑrgəts. ˈɪndiə wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈpoʊz ðət rɪʧ ˈneɪʃənz gɪv ˈjuˈɛs$ 100 ˈbɪljən əv ˈpəblɪk ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈɛvəri jɪr tɪ faɪt ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. ən dræft wɑz əˈgrid ɔn ɪn ʤəˈnivə ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr fər ðə ˈpɛrɪs ˈklaɪmɪt ˈsəmɪt ənd æt bɑn, nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtərz əv 196 ˈkəntriz wɪl traɪ tɪ brɪʤ ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɔn ˈsɛvərəl kənˈtɛnʃəs ˈɪʃuz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfaɪˌnæns, ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃən ˈtɑrgəts, ˌædəpˈteɪʃən ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈtrænsfər. ən ˈɪndiən ˈklaɪmɪt nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtər sɛd ðə tæsk æt bɑn wʊd nɑt bi ˈizi ɛz moʊst əv ðə ˈkəntriz wər nɑt ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ bəʤ frəm ðɛr stænd. hi ˈædɪd ðət ɛz ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər hæd meɪd ɪt klɪr, ˈɪndiə wʊd bi ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ ɔn ɪˈmɪʃən ˈtɑrgəts ɛz pɑrt əv ðə dil. ɪˈmɪʃən rɪˈdəkʃən ˈtɑrgəts həz noʊ ˈminɪŋ ənˈlɛs rɪʧ ˈkəntriz hæv ɪˈmɪʃən rɪˈdəkʃən ˈtɑrgəts fər 2020 ˈmɛni ˈkəntriz hæv ˈɑptɪd aʊt əv ðə ˈkjoʊtoʊ ˈproʊtəˌkɔl ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ə instrument,”*,” ðə əˈfɪʃəl sɛd. ðə prəˈpoʊzəl ɪz bækt baɪ ˈʧaɪnə ənd ə fju ˈəðər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz bət meɪ bi rɪˈzɪstɪd baɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɪʧ həz nɑt ˈgɪvɪn ˈɛni ɪˈmɪʃən rɪˈdəkʃən ˈtərgət fər 2020 ðə nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz kəm æt ðə taɪm wɪn ˈsɛvərəl ˈtrɑpɪkəl ˈkəntriz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɪndiə ənd ˈæfrɪkɑ, ər ˈbætəlɪŋ ən ˌɪnˈtɛns hit weɪv. ðə wərld ˌmitiˌɔrəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ðət ˈmɑnətərz ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɛðər kənˈdɪʃənz hæd prɪˈdɪktɪd ðət 2015 kʊd bi ðə ˈwɔrməst jɪr ɔn ˈrɛkərd. ðə priˈdɪkʃən ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə hɑt ˈwɛðər kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn ˈvɛriəs ˈriʤənz əv ðə wərld ɪn ðə fərst faɪv mənθs əv 2015 ˈklaɪmɪt ˈsaɪəntɪsts bɪˈliv ðət ðə ˈwɛðər kənˈdɪʃən ðɪs jɪr ʃʊd bi ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ tɪ ˈkəntriz ðət ðeɪ nid tɪ ækt naʊ tɪ faɪt ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. fərst ˈpəblɪʃt: meɪ 31 2015

one of the major terrestrial carbon pools is rapidly deteriorating as large parts of are and converted to oil palm and paper plantations. no longer a carbon sink, are now a globally significant source of emissions. the june fires in sumatra once again drew international attention to forests. at the fires’ peak, hectares were burnt in just one week. most fires were in, much of it on land destined to become oil palm, or acacia plantations for the paper industry. fire remains the instrument of choice for low-cost land-clearing. the fires were a reminder of the unsolved problem of protection in indonesia, and of the need for urgent action against the toxic combination of plantations, fire and poor governance that is destroying one of the major carbon pools. what exactly is? indonesia’s are (or were) rainforests located close to coastal areas. under the forest lies the peat itself, a accumulation of decayed vegetation. formed in swampy conditions where plant material fails to fully decay, peat can build up to a depth of 10 meters or more over thousands of years. the greenhouse significance of lies in the fact they can store up to 20 times as much carbon as tropical rainforests on normal mineral soils, 90% of it below ground. release carbon for decades after deforestation as the underlying peat decomposes or is burnt. indonesia has by far the largest area of tropical in the world: 22 million hectares. sumatra, the provinces on the island of borneo, and papua have about a third each. global significance of indonesia’s hold at least 57 billion tonnes or) of carbon, making them a globally significant terrestrial carbon pool. the pool is comparable to the amazonian rainforest, which holds about 86 billion tonnes. to limit the world to 2 degrees of warming, we can emit no more than 600 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases between now and 2050. carbon alone, if released as co 2 in the atmosphere, is equivalent to one-third of the remaining carbon budget. what then are the chances of indonesia losing its entire carbon stock? indonesia’s in a downward spiral indonesia became a leading raw material supplier in the timber, paper and oil palm industries in the 1970s. deforestation and degradation of forests took place on an epic scale, and indonesia lost more than half its peat forest cover. just over 10 million hectares remained forested by 2010. only papua retained large areas of pristine peat swamp forest. this downward spiral end any time soon. each year sumatra loses another 5% of its lowland forests; the situation is similar in the provinces. in all this, papua is the new frontier. with logging on the rise, pulp mills planned and large areas of land under concessions, it is poised to go the way of sumatra and. the extent of forest degradation is another sign of trouble ahead. where has been, fragmented or drained, it is transformed from an resource into a tinder-box. a detailed study which over 10 million hectares of in sumatra and found that most was degraded. less than 4% was covered by pristine forests and just 11% or 1 million hectares were covered by relatively intact forests. the remainder is on a trajectory of fire and conversion into plantations, as the recent events in sumatra demonstrate. climate change itself is working against. in what is termed a “positive feedback cycle”, climate change is expected to produce more prolonged el dry periods in indonesia, leading to more intense fires, which in turn cause further climate change. during the 2006 el, there were fire on. the of sumatra and are headed for collapse. major question marks surround. what does it mean for greenhouse emissions? the of sumatra and are no longer a carbon sink but a carbon source. with steadily increasing emissions from decomposition of combined with large contributions from fires during el years, emissions are now in the order of 1 of co 2 a year on average and rising. if were a country, they would be the or largest emitter. over the coming decades, almost all of sumatra and’s carbon could be released. more alarmingly, with half of or degraded, around 100 of co 2 or about 150 times annual emissions could be released into the atmosphere over the coming decades. with this situation indonesia has little hope of achieving its pledge to cut its emissions by 26% or 41% by 2020, which relies heavily on reducing forests and emissions. what can be done about it? indonesia has fought hard to address the problems of deforestation and loss. it has launched major campaigns to stamp out illegal logging. it has established a commission against corruption, whose clashes with the indonesian police are watched with fascination locally, and portrayed as the struggle of the plucky gecko versus the crocodile. indonesia has attempted without much success to enforce the law banning plantations on deep peat, impose due process in issuing forest concessions, and prevent fires on. it has implemented a moratorium against deforestation with the strong encouragement of norway, established a national redd agency (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation), and issued regulations to protect remaining forests. but in a country notorious for its entrenched political economy of korupsi, and (hardly needing translation) these efforts have shown few results to date. the solutions are well-known and have been aired extensively. converting to plantations has to stop, but this mean that the oil palm industry has to end. it does mean that existing concessions on need to be transferred to degraded lands elsewhere. this is something national development planning agency has long called for. laws protecting peat and banning fires need to be enforced vigorously. and critically, needs protection to ensure they do not go the way of sumatra and. none of these things are happening. a better understanding of the global significance of is needed to spur indonesian and international into action.

wən əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər tərˈɛstriəl ˈkɑrbən pulz ɪz ˈræpədli dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪtɪŋ ɛz lɑrʤ pɑrts əv ər ənd kənˈvərtɪd tɪ ɔɪl pɑm ənd ˈpeɪpər ˌplænˈteɪʃənz. noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə ˈkɑrbən sɪŋk, ər naʊ ə ˈgloʊbəli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt sɔrs əv ɪˈmɪʃənz. ðə ʤun faɪərz ɪn ˌsuˈmɑtrə wəns əˈgɛn dru ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈfɔrəsts. æt ðə fires’*’ pik, ˈhɛkˌtɑrz wər bərnt ɪn ʤɪst wən wik. moʊst faɪərz wər ɪn, məʧ əv ɪt ɔn lænd ˈdɛstɪnd tɪ bɪˈkəm ɔɪl pɑm, ər əˈkeɪʃə ˌplænˈteɪʃənz fər ðə ˈpeɪpər ˈɪndəstri. faɪər rɪˈmeɪnz ðə ˈɪnstrəmənt əv ʧɔɪs fər ˌloʊˈkɔst land-clearing*. ðə faɪərz wər ə riˈmaɪndər əv ðə ənˈsɑlvd ˈprɑbləm əv prəˈtɛkʃən ɪn ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə, ənd əv ðə nid fər ˈərʤənt ˈækʃən əˈgɛnst ðə ˈtɑksɪk ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ˌplænˈteɪʃənz, faɪər ənd pur ˈgəvərnəns ðət ɪz dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ wən əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈkɑrbən pulz. wət ɪgˈzæktli ɪz? ər (ər wər) ˈraɪnˌfɔrəsts ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd kloʊz tɪ ˈkoʊstəl ˈɛriəz. ˈəndər ðə ˈfɔrɪst laɪz ðə pit ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ə əˌkjumjəˈleɪʃən əv dɪˈkeɪd ˌvɛʤəˈteɪʃən. fɔrmd ɪn sˈwɑmpi kənˈdɪʃənz wɛr plænt məˈtɪriəl feɪlz tɪ ˈfʊli dɪˈkeɪ, pit kən bɪld əp tɪ ə dɛpθ əv 10 ˈmitərz ər mɔr ˈoʊvər ˈθaʊzənz əv jɪrz. ðə ˈgrinˌhaʊs sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv laɪz ɪn ðə fækt ðeɪ kən stɔr əp tɪ 20 taɪmz ɛz məʧ ˈkɑrbən ɛz ˈtrɑpɪkəl ˈraɪnˌfɔrəsts ɔn ˈnɔrməl ˈmɪnərəl sɔɪlz, 90 əv ɪt bɪˈloʊ graʊnd. riˈlis ˈkɑrbən fər ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈæftər dɪˌfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən ɛz ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ pit ˌdikəmˈpoʊzɪz ər ɪz bərnt. ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə həz baɪ fɑr ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈɛriə əv ˈtrɑpɪkəl ɪn ðə wərld: 22 ˈmɪljən ˈhɛkˌtɑrz. ˌsuˈmɑtrə, ðə ˈprɑvənsəz ɔn ðə ˈaɪlənd əv ˈbɔrniˌoʊ, ənd ˈpæpjuə hæv əˈbaʊt ə θərd iʧ. ˈgloʊbəl sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv hoʊld æt list 57 ˈbɪljən tənz ər) əv ˈkɑrbən, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛm ə ˈgloʊbəli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt tərˈɛstriəl ˈkɑrbən pul. ðə pul ɪz ˈkɑmprəbəl tɪ ðə ˌæməˈzoʊniən ˈraɪnˌfɔrəst, wɪʧ hoʊldz əˈbaʊt 86 ˈbɪljən tənz. tɪ ˈlɪmət ðə wərld tɪ 2 dɪˈgriz əv ˈwɔrmɪŋ, wi kən ɪˈmɪt noʊ mɔr ðən 600 ˈbɪljən tənz əv ˈgrinˌhaʊs ˈgæsɪz bɪtˈwin naʊ ənd 2050 ˈkɑrbən əˈloʊn, ɪf riˈlist ɛz koʊ 2 ɪn ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr, ɪz ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ ˌwənˈθərd əv ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈkɑrbən ˈbəʤɪt. wət ðɛn ər ðə ˈʧænsɪz əv ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ˈluzɪŋ ɪts ɪnˈtaɪər ˈkɑrbən stɑk? ɪn ə ˈdaʊnwərd ˈspaɪrəl ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈlidɪŋ rɑ məˈtɪriəl səˈplaɪər ɪn ðə ˈtɪmbər, ˈpeɪpər ənd ɔɪl pɑm ˈɪndəstriz ɪn ðə 1970s*. dɪˌfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən ənd ˌdɛgrəˈdeɪʃən əv ˈfɔrəsts tʊk pleɪs ɔn ən ˈɛpɪk skeɪl, ənd ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə lɔst mɔr ðən hæf ɪts pit ˈfɔrɪst ˈkəvər. ʤɪst ˈoʊvər 10 ˈmɪljən ˈhɛkˌtɑrz rɪˈmeɪnd ˈfɔrəstəd baɪ 2010 ˈoʊnli ˈpæpjuə rɪˈteɪnd lɑrʤ ˈɛriəz əv ˈprɪstin pit swɔmp ˈfɔrɪst. ðɪs ˈdaʊnwərd ˈspaɪrəl ɛnd ˈɛni taɪm sun. iʧ jɪr ˌsuˈmɑtrə ˈluzɪz əˈnəðər 5 əv ɪts ˈloʊˌlænd ˈfɔrəsts; ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈsɪmələr ɪn ðə ˈprɑvənsəz. ɪn ɔl ðɪs, ˈpæpjuə ɪz ðə nu frənˈtɪr. wɪθ ˈlɔgɪŋ ɔn ðə raɪz, pəlp mɪlz plænd ənd lɑrʤ ˈɛriəz əv lænd ˈəndər kənˈsɛʃənz, ɪt ɪz pɔɪzd tɪ goʊ ðə weɪ əv ˌsuˈmɑtrə ənd. ðə ɪkˈstɛnt əv ˈfɔrɪst ˌdɛgrəˈdeɪʃən ɪz əˈnəðər saɪn əv ˈtrəbəl əˈhɛd. wɛr həz bɪn, ˈfrægməntɪd ər dreɪnd, ɪt ɪz trænsˈfɔrmd frəm ən ˈrisɔrs ˈɪntu ə tinder-box*. ə dɪˈteɪld ˈstədi wɪʧ ˈoʊvər 10 ˈmɪljən ˈhɛkˌtɑrz əv ɪn ˌsuˈmɑtrə ənd faʊnd ðət moʊst wɑz dɪˈgreɪdɪd. lɛs ðən 4 wɑz ˈkəvərd baɪ ˈprɪstin ˈfɔrəsts ənd ʤɪst 11 ər 1 ˈmɪljən ˈhɛkˌtɑrz wər ˈkəvərd baɪ ˈrɛlətɪvli ˌɪnˈtækt ˈfɔrəsts. ðə rɪˈmeɪndər ɪz ɔn ə trəˈʤɛktəri əv faɪər ənd kənˈvərʒən ˈɪntu ˌplænˈteɪʃənz, ɛz ðə ˈrisənt ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ˌsuˈmɑtrə ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt. ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ əˈgɛnst. ɪn wət ɪz tərmd ə ˈfidˌbæk cycle”*”, ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˈproʊdus mɔr prəˈlɔŋd ɛl draɪ ˈpɪriədz ɪn ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ mɔr ˌɪnˈtɛns faɪərz, wɪʧ ɪn tərn kɔz ˈfərðər ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 2006 ɛl, ðɛr wər faɪər ɔn. ðə əv ˌsuˈmɑtrə ənd ər ˈhɛdɪd fər kəˈlæps. ˈmeɪʤər kˈwɛʃən mɑrks səraʊnd. wət dɪz ɪt min fər ˈgrinˌhaʊs ɪˈmɪʃənz? ðə əv ˌsuˈmɑtrə ənd ər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə ˈkɑrbən sɪŋk bət ə ˈkɑrbən sɔrs. wɪθ ˈstɛdəli ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ɪˈmɪʃənz frəm ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən əv kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ lɑrʤ ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz frəm faɪərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ɛl jɪrz, ɪˈmɪʃənz ər naʊ ɪn ðə ˈɔrdər əv 1 əv koʊ 2 ə jɪr ɔn ˈævərɪʤ ənd ˈraɪzɪŋ. ɪf wər ə ˈkəntri, ðeɪ wʊd bi ðə ər ˈlɑrʤəst ɪˈmɪtər. ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəmɪŋ ˈdɛkeɪdz, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl əv ˌsuˈmɑtrə ənd ˈkɑrbən kʊd bi riˈlist. mɔr əˈlɑrmɪŋli, wɪθ hæf əv ər dɪˈgreɪdɪd, əraʊnd 100 əv koʊ 2 ər əˈbaʊt 150 taɪmz ˈænjuəl ɪˈmɪʃənz kʊd bi riˈlist ˈɪntu ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəmɪŋ ˈdɛkeɪdz. wɪθ ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə həz ˈlɪtəl hoʊp əv əˈʧivɪŋ ɪts plɛʤ tɪ kət ɪts ɪˈmɪʃənz baɪ 26 ər 41 baɪ 2020 wɪʧ rɪˈlaɪz ˈhɛvəli ɔn rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈfɔrəsts ənd ɪˈmɪʃənz. wət kən bi dən əˈbaʊt ɪt? ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə həz fɔt hɑrd tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈprɑbləmz əv dɪˌfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən ənd lɔs. ɪt həz lɔnʧt ˈmeɪʤər kæmˈpeɪnz tɪ stæmp aʊt ˌɪˈligəl ˈlɔgɪŋ. ɪt həz ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə kəˈmɪʃən əˈgɛnst kərˈəpʃən, huz ˈklæʃɪz wɪθ ðə ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən pəˈlis ər wɔʧt wɪθ ˌfæsəˈneɪʃən ˈloʊkəli, ənd pɔrˈtreɪd ɛz ðə ˈstrəgəl əv ðə ˈpləki ˈgɛkoʊ ˈvərsəz ðə ˈkrɑkəˌdaɪl. ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə həz əˈtɛmptəd wɪˈθaʊt məʧ səkˈsɛs tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs ðə lɔ ˈbænɪŋ ˌplænˈteɪʃənz ɔn dip pit, ˌɪmˈpoʊz du ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪn ˈɪʃuɪŋ ˈfɔrɪst kənˈsɛʃənz, ənd prɪˈvɛnt faɪərz ɔn. ɪt həz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ə ˌmɔrəˈtɔriəm əˈgɛnst dɪˌfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən wɪθ ðə strɔŋ ɛnˈkərɪʤmənt əv ˈnɔrˌweɪ, ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə ˈnæʃənəl rɛd ˈeɪʤənsi (rɪˈdusɪŋ ɪˈmɪʃənz frəm dɪˌfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən ənd ˈfɔrɪst ˌdɛgrəˈdeɪʃən), ənd ˈɪʃud ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz tɪ prəˈtɛkt rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈfɔrəsts. bət ɪn ə ˈkəntri noʊˈtɔriəs fər ɪts ɪnˈtrɛnʧt pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi əv korupsi*, ənd (ˈhɑrdli ˈnidɪŋ trænzˈleɪʃən) ðiz ˈɛfərts hæv ʃoʊn fju rɪˈzəlts tɪ deɪt. ðə səˈluʃənz ər ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ənd hæv bɪn ɛrd ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli. kənˈvərtɪŋ tɪ ˌplænˈteɪʃənz həz tɪ stɑp, bət ðɪs min ðət ðə ɔɪl pɑm ˈɪndəstri həz tɪ ɛnd. ɪt dɪz min ðət ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ kənˈsɛʃənz ɔn nid tɪ bi ˈtrænsfərd tɪ dɪˈgreɪdɪd lændz ˈɛlsˌwɛr. ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈnæʃənəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈplænɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsi həz lɔŋ kɔld fər. lɔz prəˈtɛktɪŋ pit ənd ˈbænɪŋ faɪərz nid tɪ bi ɛnˈfɔrst ˈvɪgərəsli. ənd ˈkrɪtɪkəli, nidz prəˈtɛkʃən tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðeɪ du nɑt goʊ ðə weɪ əv ˌsuˈmɑtrə ənd. nən əv ðiz θɪŋz ər ˈhæpənɪŋ. ə ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv ɪz ˈnidɪd tɪ spər ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɪntu ˈækʃən.

media playback is unsupported on your device media caption what made canada's slims river disappear? a team of scientists say a melting glacier in canada's yukon has caused a river to completely change course. their findings, published in nature geoscience, show how climate change can cause surprising geological events. the slims river once flowed out to the bering sea, but now it flows into the river instead. this phenomenon, known as "river piracy", typically takes centuries but the study documented it over the course of one spring. "nobody's ever seen a river piracy occur in modern times, at least to my knowledge," lead author dan told the bbc. the at the university of washington tacoma says he and six researchers from canadian and american universities had planned to study the slims river last summer. image copyright dan/university of washington tacoma image caption an aerial photo shows the meltwater stream along the toe of glacier, seen on the left, that is diverting fresh water from one river to the other but when they arrived in the yukon it was barely flowing. they discovered that a small channel had eroded in a large glacier that fed a number of small lakes. the glacial lakes used to feed two river systems - the slims river and the river - but when water from one lake poured through the channel into another, it cut the slims off from its water source. the event is known as river piracy or stream capture, and can take thousands of years. but the researchers documented the piracy of the slims river in just one spring. prof said his colleague, john clague, at simon fraser university in british columbia, had predicted this event just a decade before because of the area's unique geological formation. but no one knew when or how quickly the stream capture would occur. river gauges show an abrupt drop in late may 2016, which then continued over the summer, the study found. by the time and his associates got there, the slims was basically "a long, skinny lake". "the slims river was essentially cut off from how it was flowing before," he said. the change in the river's flow affected the whole landscape. sheep are now grazing on the exposed river bank, while other rivers in the area are running high. fish population, wildlife and lake chemistry will continue to be affected, the study noted. in the big picture, said, the piracy of the slims is a reminder that climate change "may bring surprises that we are not appreciating fully and that we're not necessarily prepared for".

ˈmidiə ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz ənsəˈpɔrtɪd ɔn jʊr dɪˈvaɪs ˈmidiə ˈkæpʃən wət meɪd ˈkænədəz slɪmz ˈrɪvər ˌdɪsəˈpɪr? ə tim əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts seɪ ə ˈmɛltɪŋ ˈgleɪʃər ɪn ˈkænədəz ˈjuˌkɑn həz kɔzd ə ˈrɪvər tɪ kəmˈplitli ʧeɪnʤ kɔrs. ðɛr ˈfaɪndɪŋz, ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˈneɪʧər geoscience*, ʃoʊ haʊ ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ kən kɔz səˈpraɪzɪŋ ˌʤiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ɪˈvɛnts. ðə slɪmz ˈrɪvər wəns floʊd aʊt tɪ ðə ˈbɛrɪŋ si, bət naʊ ɪt floʊz ˈɪntu ðə ˈrɪvər ˌɪnˈstɛd. ðɪs fəˈnɑməˌnɑn, noʊn ɛz "ˈrɪvər ˈpaɪrəsi", ˈtɪpɪkəli teɪks ˈsɛnʧəriz bət ðə ˈstədi ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ɪt ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv wən spərɪŋ. "ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdiz ˈɛvər sin ə ˈrɪvər ˈpaɪrəsi əˈkər ɪn ˈmɑdərn taɪmz, æt list tɪ maɪ ˈnɑlɪʤ," lɛd ˈɔθər dæn toʊld ðə ˌbibiˈsi. ðə æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən təˈkoʊmɑ sɪz hi ənd sɪks ˈrisərʧərz frəm kəˈneɪdiən ənd əˈmɛrɪkən ˌjunəˈvərsətiz hæd plænd tɪ ˈstədi ðə slɪmz ˈrɪvər læst ˈsəmər. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt dæn əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən təˈkoʊmɑ ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ən ˈɛriəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ʃoʊz ðə ˈmɛltˌwɔtər strim əˈlɔŋ ðə toʊ əv ˈgleɪʃər, sin ɔn ðə lɛft, ðət ɪz dɪˈvərtɪŋ frɛʃ ˈwɔtər frəm wən ˈrɪvər tɪ ðə ˈəðər bət wɪn ðeɪ əraɪvd ɪn ðə ˈjuˌkɑn ɪt wɑz ˈbɛrli floʊɪŋ. ðeɪ dɪˈskəvərd ðət ə smɔl ˈʧænəl hæd ɪˈroʊdɪd ɪn ə lɑrʤ ˈgleɪʃər ðət fɛd ə ˈnəmbər əv smɔl leɪks. ðə ˈgleɪʃəl leɪks juzd tɪ fid tu ˈrɪvər ˈsɪstəmz ðə slɪmz ˈrɪvər ənd ðə ˈrɪvər bət wɪn ˈwɔtər frəm wən leɪk pɔrd θru ðə ˈʧænəl ˈɪntu əˈnəðər, ɪt kət ðə slɪmz ɔf frəm ɪts ˈwɔtər sɔrs. ðə ɪˈvɛnt ɪz noʊn ɛz ˈrɪvər ˈpaɪrəsi ər strim ˈkæpʧər, ənd kən teɪk ˈθaʊzənz əv jɪrz. bət ðə ˈrisərʧərz ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ðə ˈpaɪrəsi əv ðə slɪmz ˈrɪvər ɪn ʤɪst wən spərɪŋ. sɛd hɪz ˈkɑlig, ʤɑn klɑg, æt ˈsaɪmən ˈfreɪzər ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˈbrɪtɪʃ kəˈləmbiə, hæd prɪˈdɪktɪd ðɪs ɪˈvɛnt ʤɪst ə ˈdɛkeɪd ˌbiˈfɔr bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈɛriəz juˈnik ˌʤiəˈlɑʤɪkəl fɔrˈmeɪʃən. bət noʊ wən nu wɪn ər haʊ kˈwɪkli ðə strim ˈkæpʧər wʊd əˈkər. ˈrɪvər ˈgeɪʤɪz ʃoʊ ən əˈbrəpt drɔp ɪn leɪt meɪ 2016 wɪʧ ðɛn kənˈtɪnjud ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsəmər, ðə ˈstədi faʊnd. baɪ ðə taɪm ənd hɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts gɑt ðɛr, ðə slɪmz wɑz ˈbeɪsɪkli "ə lɔŋ, ˈskɪni leɪk". "ðə slɪmz ˈrɪvər wɑz ɛˈsɛnʃəli kət ɔf frəm haʊ ɪt wɑz floʊɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr," hi sɛd. ðə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə ˈrɪvərz floʊ əˈfɛktɪd ðə hoʊl ˈlænˌskeɪp. ʃip ər naʊ ˈgreɪzɪŋ ɔn ðə ɪkˈspoʊzd ˈrɪvər bæŋk, waɪl ˈəðər ˈrɪvərz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə ər ˈrənɪŋ haɪ. fɪʃ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf ənd leɪk ˈkɛmɪstri wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ bi əˈfɛktɪd, ðə ˈstədi ˈnoʊtɪd. ɪn ðə bɪg ˈpɪkʧər, sɛd, ðə ˈpaɪrəsi əv ðə slɪmz ɪz ə riˈmaɪndər ðət ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ "meɪ brɪŋ səˈpraɪzɪz ðət wi ər nɑt əˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ˈfʊli ənd ðət wɪr nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli priˈpɛrd fər".

toronto police are trying to identify a woman caught on security camera vandalizing a luxury sedan in the city's west end on the weekend. investigators say the sunday morning incident marked the third time this year that the car's owner has had a vehicle vandalized. a security video released by police, a woman in a baseball cap with a red bandana over her face is seen running up to a lincoln in the driveway of a home near ave. and rogers rd. she then scratches the hood and sides of the car extensively with a sharp object. "obviously [the car owner] was targeted, because it's only his vehicle that's been damaged on the street," said det.-const. jay. police have not established that the woman in the video is responsible for all three incidents at that address, but said it is "more than likely" that the car owner and the vandal know each other. the car owner is scheduled to come to toronto police 13 division for the vehicle's damage to be assessed. "i'm no body shop guy, but it's probably at least a couple of thousand [dollars' worth] if i'm not mistaken," said. the woman in the video is described as white, between and five-foot-five, with a thin build and brown hair.

tərˈɑntoʊ pəˈlis ər traɪɪŋ tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ə ˈwʊmən kɔt ɔn sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkæmərə ˈvændəˌlaɪzɪŋ ə ˈləgʒəri səˈdæn ɪn ðə ˈsɪtiz wɛst ɛnd ɔn ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz seɪ ðə ˈsənˌdi ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈɪnsədənt mɑrkt ðə θərd taɪm ðɪs jɪr ðət ðə kɑrz ˈoʊnər həz hæd ə ˈviɪkəl ˈvændəˌlaɪzd. ə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈvɪdioʊ riˈlist baɪ pəˈlis, ə ˈwʊmən ɪn ə ˈbeɪsˈbɔl kæp wɪθ ə rɛd ˌbænˈdænə ˈoʊvər hər feɪs ɪz sin ˈrənɪŋ əp tɪ ə ˈlɪŋkən ɪn ðə ˈdraɪvˌweɪ əv ə hoʊm nɪr ˈɑˌveɪ. ənd ˈrɑʤərz rd*. ʃi ðɛn ˈskræʧɪz ðə hʊd ənd saɪdz əv ðə kɑr ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli wɪθ ə ʃɑrp ˈɑbʤɛkt. "ˈɑbviəsli [ðə kɑr ˈoʊnər] wɑz ˈtɑrgətɪd, bɪˈkəz ɪts ˈoʊnli hɪz ˈviɪkəl ðæts bɪn ˈdæmɪʤd ɔn ðə strit," sɛd det.-const*. ʤeɪ. pəˈlis hæv nɑt ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðət ðə ˈwʊmən ɪn ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ɔl θri ˈɪnsədənts æt ðət ˈæˌdrɛs, bət sɛd ɪt ɪz "mɔr ðən ˈlaɪkli" ðət ðə kɑr ˈoʊnər ənd ðə ˈvændəl noʊ iʧ ˈəðər. ðə kɑr ˈoʊnər ɪz ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ kəm tɪ tərˈɑntoʊ pəˈlis 13 dɪˈvɪʒən fər ðə ˈvihɪkəlz ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ bi əˈsɛst. "əm noʊ ˈbɑdi ʃɑp gaɪ, bət ɪts ˈprɑbəˌbli æt list ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈθaʊzənd [ˈdɔlərz' wərθ] ɪf əm nɑt mɪˈsteɪkən," sɛd. ðə ˈwʊmən ɪn ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ɪz dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz waɪt, bɪtˈwin ənd five-foot-five*, wɪθ ə θɪn bɪld ənd braʊn hɛr.

well, that reality stands true even today. is still the leader of a city (which for free bijli, paani, and wi-fi), and the recent revolts within, and all that dirty linen being washed out openly in public by, shows his sheer inability to take everyone together. that is precisely why shanti said that he lacks organizational ability and should not be a chief minister. his prophecy is becoming true within the very forst month. just ten days after to others that workers should not have 'ahankaar' (while at the same time branding and congress as 'ahankaari' parties), it comes out that the most 'ahankaari' guy in is he himself as he cannot tolerate any other founder member in attaining some status within the party. when's own pet 'lokpal' pointed out the rule being violated by, and objected to his holding dual posts, he was brushed aside by and his coterie. what does this show? it only shows that all that talk of jan by and his coterie was a plain bluff to milk anna ideals to gain power in delhi. can someone who brazenly insults own party ever be trusted to work towards a national jan?

wɛl, ðət ˌriˈæləˌti stændz tru ˈivɪn təˈdeɪ. ɪz stɪl ðə ˈlidər əv ə ˈsɪti (wɪʧ fər fri bijli*, paani*, ənd ˈwaɪˌfaɪ), ənd ðə ˈrisənt riˈvoʊlts wɪˈθɪn, ənd ɔl ðət ˈdərti ˈlɪnən biɪŋ wɑʃt aʊt ˈoʊpənli ɪn ˈpəblɪk baɪ, ʃoʊz hɪz ʃɪr ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ teɪk ˈɛvriˌwən təˈgɛðər. ðət ɪz prɪˈsaɪsli waɪ ˈʃænti sɛd ðət hi læks ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənəl əˈbɪləˌti ənd ʃʊd nɑt bi ə ʧif ˈmɪnɪstər. hɪz ˈprɑfəsi ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ tru wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈvɛri fɔrst mənθ. ʤɪst tɛn deɪz ˈæftər tɪ ˈəðərz ðət ˈwərkərz ʃʊd nɑt hæv 'ahankaar*' (waɪl æt ðə seɪm taɪm ˈbrændɪŋ ənd ˈkɑŋgrəs ɛz 'ahankaari*' ˈpɑrtiz), ɪt kəmz aʊt ðət ðə moʊst 'ahankaari*' gaɪ ɪn ɪz hi hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz hi ˈkænɑt ˈtɑlərˌeɪt ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈfaʊndər ˈmɛmbər ɪn əˈteɪnɪŋ səm ˈstætəs wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈpɑrti. wɪn oʊn pɛt 'lokpal*' ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðə rul biɪŋ ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd baɪ, ənd əˈbʤɛktəd tɪ hɪz ˈhoʊldɪŋ duəl poʊsts, hi wɑz brəʃt əˈsaɪd baɪ ənd hɪz ˈkoʊtəri. wət dɪz ðɪs ʃoʊ? ɪt ˈoʊnli ʃoʊz ðət ɔl ðət tɔk əv ʤæn baɪ ənd hɪz ˈkoʊtəri wɑz ə pleɪn bləf tɪ mɪlk ˈænə aɪˈdilz tɪ geɪn paʊər ɪn ˈdɛli. kən ˈsəmˌwən hu ˈbreɪzənli ˌɪnˈsəlts oʊn ˈpɑrti ˈɛvər bi ˈtrəstɪd tɪ wərk təˈwɔrdz ə ˈnæʃənəl ʤæn?

following a monster sophomore campaign at cartersville high school in georgia that saw him pass for yards and 43 touchdowns, trevor lawrence keeps his spot as the no. 1 player in the nation and headlines unveiling of the first full for the 2018 class. with the release, we have a starting point for the names to know among the nation's top juniors. click here for the! the list will change; it will evolve, prospects will drop and new names will emerge but at this early stage in the recruiting process, it's time to recognize the players that have already caught the collective eye of the college recruiting world. the there are four initial in the for 2018: 1. trevor lawrence, qb, georgia a quarterback with a shot to go as the nation's top ranked prospect. he checks every box: size, arm-strength, athleticism, productivity. his recruitment looks like a battle. 2. brey walker, ot, oklahoma he's what offensive tackles look like in cartoons. a freak of a body at and 290 pounds who is also one of the nation's top heavyweight wrestlers. he's already committed to oklahoma. related: walker among a few players in the hunt for lawrence's top spot 3. white, rb, north carolina whatever you want a running back to be, this kid can be it. a big, powerful back with speed, white has 20 offers but is high on clemson and north carolina at the moment. 4. xavier thomas, de, south carolina the edge rusher that every defense is looking for. thomas is ready to carry the torch for the defensive line tradition in the carolinas for the 2018 cycle. team rankings shuffle based on the new grades handed out within the and beyond, miami is clearly building a special class. mark has locked up three prospects in josh jobe and gilbert frierson and wide receiver wiggins. the hurricanes have two more committed from outside the in all-purpose back patterson and cornerback thomas burns. related: gallery of legacy 2018 recruits miami's haul of three prospects is tops. three teams, all from the sec, have two pledges. alabama has the two highest rated prospects in tight end epps and offensive tackle dare rosenthal. lsu's two prospects are both homegrown talents in wide receiver jason and cornerback kelvin joseph. luke matthews, the son of nfl hall of famer bruce matthews, makes it a fourth son to play for the aggies. his older brother, jake, was drafted sixth overall by the atlanta falcons in 2014. luke joins wide receiver montel parker as the two texas commits on the list. poised for big years - it's a good time to be arriving at south carolina if you're will. the carolinas are loaded with talent in 2018 and looks poised to benefit from it. so too will clemson, north carolina, state and the other regional recruiters. between the states of north carolina and south carolina, there are 18 combined members. - could be poised for a run at a recruiting national title based on its talent to pull from. while the class have any types yet, louisiana looks to be loaded with depth in that mid range. fifteens in the are from louisiana and the tigers already have two of them committed. - pennsylvania is also trending up in 2018. there are nine pennsylvanians represented in the. james franklin and penn state are looking to capitalize on that talent by landing an early commitment form the state's top player, micah parsons. can pittsburgh do the same by keeping local phil at home despite notre dame and ohio state overtures? click here for the!

ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈmɑnstər ˈsɑfˌmɔr kæmˈpeɪn æt ˈkɑrtərzˌvɪl haɪ skul ɪn ˈʤɔrʤə ðət sɔ ɪm pæs fər jɑrdz ənd 43 ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz, ˈtrɛvər ˈlɔrəns kips hɪz spɑt ɛz ðə noʊ. 1 pleɪər ɪn ðə ˈneɪʃən ənd ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ənˈveɪlɪŋ əv ðə fərst fʊl fər ðə 2018 klæs. wɪθ ðə riˈlis, wi hæv ə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ðə neɪmz tɪ noʊ əˈməŋ ðə ˈneɪʃənz tɔp ˈʤunjərz. klɪk hir fər ðə ðə lɪst wɪl ʧeɪnʤ; ɪt wɪl ɪˈvɑlv, ˈprɑspɛkts wɪl drɔp ənd nu neɪmz wɪl ˈimərʤ bət æt ðɪs ˈərli steɪʤ ɪn ðə rɪˈkrutɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs, ɪts taɪm tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə pleɪərz ðət hæv ɔˈrɛdi kɔt ðə kəˈlɛktɪv aɪ əv ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ rɪˈkrutɪŋ wərld. ðə ðɛr ər fɔr ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ɪn ðə fər 2018 1 ˈtrɛvər ˈlɔrəns, qb*, ˈʤɔrʤə ə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk wɪθ ə ʃɑt tɪ goʊ ɛz ðə ˈneɪʃənz tɔp ræŋkt ˈprɑspɛkt. hi ʧɛks ˈɛvəri bɑks: saɪz, arm-strength*, æθˈlɛtɪˌsɪzm, ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti. hɪz rɪˈkrutmənt lʊks laɪk ə ˈbætəl. 2 breɪ ˈwɔkər, ˈoʊˈti, ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə hiz wət əˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəlz lʊk laɪk ɪn kɑrˈtunz. ə frik əv ə ˈbɑdi æt ənd 290 paʊnz hu ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ wən əv ðə ˈneɪʃənz tɔp ˈhɛviˌweɪt ˈrɛsələrz. hiz ɔˈrɛdi kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə. rɪˈleɪtɪd: ˈwɔkər əˈməŋ ə fju pleɪərz ɪn ðə hənt fər ˈlɔrənsɪz tɔp spɑt 3 waɪt, rb*, nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˌwəˈtɛvər ju wɔnt ə ˈrənɪŋ bæk tɪ bi, ðɪs kɪd kən bi ɪt. ə bɪg, ˈpaʊərfəl bæk wɪθ spid, waɪt həz 20 ˈɔfərz bət ɪz haɪ ɔn ˈklɛmsən ənd nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt. 4 ˈzeɪvjər ˈtɑməs, də, saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ðə ɛʤ ˈrəʃər ðət ˈɛvəri dɪˈfɛns ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər. ˈtɑməs ɪz ˈrɛdi tɪ ˈkɛri ðə tɔrʧ fər ðə dɪˈfɛnsɪv laɪn trəˈdɪʃən ɪn ðə ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnəz fər ðə 2018 ˈsaɪkəl. tim ˈræŋkɪŋz ˈʃəfəl beɪst ɔn ðə nu greɪdz ˈhændɪd aʊt wɪˈθɪn ðə ənd bɪɔnd, maɪˈæmi ɪz ˈklɪrli ˈbɪldɪŋ ə ˈspɛʃəl klæs. mɑrk həz lɑkt əp θri ˈprɑspɛkts ɪn ʤɑʃ ʤoʊb ənd ˈgɪlbərt ˈfrɪrsən ənd waɪd rɪˈsivər ˈwɪgɪnz. ðə ˈhərəˌkeɪnz hæv tu mɔr kəˈmɪtɪd frəm ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ɪn ˈɔlˈpərpəs bæk ˈpætərsən ənd ˈkɔrnərˌbæk ˈtɑməs bərnz. rɪˈleɪtɪd: ˈgæləri əv ˈlɛgəsi 2018 rɪˈkruts maɪˈæmiz hɔl əv θri ˈprɑspɛkts ɪz tɑps. θri timz, ɔl frəm ðə sɛk, hæv tu ˈplɛʤɪz. ˌæləˈbæmə həz ðə tu haɪəst ˈreɪtɪd ˈprɑspɛkts ɪn taɪt ɛnd ɛps ənd əˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl dɛr ˈroʊzənˌθɔl. tu ˈprɑspɛkts ər boʊθ ˈhoʊmˈgroʊn ˈtælənts ɪn waɪd rɪˈsivər ˈʤeɪsən ənd ˈkɔrnərˌbæk ˈkɛlvɪn ˈʤoʊzəf. luk ˈmæθjuz, ðə sən əv ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl hɔl əv ˈfeɪmər brus ˈmæθjuz, meɪks ɪt ə fɔrθ sən tɪ pleɪ fər ðə ˈægiz. hɪz ˈoʊldər ˈbrəðər, ʤeɪk, wɑz ˈdræftɪd sɪksθ ˈoʊvərˌɔl baɪ ðə æˈtlæntə ˈfælkənz ɪn 2014 luk ʤɔɪnz waɪd rɪˈsivər mɑnˈtɛl ˈpɑrkər ɛz ðə tu ˈtɛksəs kəˈmɪts ɔn ðə lɪst. pɔɪzd fər bɪg jɪrz ɪts ə gʊd taɪm tɪ bi ərˈaɪvɪŋ æt saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ɪf jʊr wɪl. ðə ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnəz ər ˈloʊdɪd wɪθ ˈtælənt ɪn 2018 ənd lʊks pɔɪzd tɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ɪt. soʊ tu wɪl ˈklɛmsən, nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə, steɪt ənd ðə ˈəðər ˈriʤənəl rɪˈkrutərz. bɪtˈwin ðə steɪts əv nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ənd saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə, ðɛr ər 18 kəmˈbaɪnd ˈmɛmbərz. kʊd bi pɔɪzd fər ə rən æt ə rɪˈkrutɪŋ ˈnæʃənəl ˈtaɪtəl beɪst ɔn ɪts ˈtælənt tɪ pʊl frəm. waɪl ðə klæs hæv ˈɛni taɪps jɛt, luˌiziˈænə lʊks tɪ bi ˈloʊdɪd wɪθ dɛpθ ɪn ðət mɪd reɪnʤ. ˈfɪfˈtin ɪn ðə ər frəm luˌiziˈænə ənd ðə ˈtaɪgərz ɔˈrɛdi hæv tu əv ðɛm kəˈmɪtɪd. ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtrɛndɪŋ əp ɪn 2018 ðɛr ər naɪn ˌpɛnsɪlˈveɪniənz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɪn ðə ʤeɪmz ˈfræŋklɪn ənd pɛn steɪt ər ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ ˈkæpətəˌlaɪz ɔn ðət ˈtælənt baɪ ˈlændɪŋ ən ˈərli kəˈmɪtmənt fɔrm ðə steɪts tɔp pleɪər, ˈmaɪkə ˈpɑrsənz. kən ˈpɪtsbərg du ðə seɪm baɪ ˈkipɪŋ ˈloʊkəl fɪl æt hoʊm dɪˈspaɪt ˈnoʊtər deɪm ənd oʊˈhaɪoʊ steɪt ˈoʊvərˌʧʊrz? klɪk hir fər ðə

john schnatter, the founder and ceo of nationwide pizza chain papa john's, traveled to tennessee this past weekend to attend the funeral of an employee who had been shot and killed during a store schaffer, 22, was working the late shift at the papa john's location in columbia, tennessee on october 21 when armed robbers entered the restaurant and ordered schaffer to empty the cash register. schaffer complied, but was shot by one of the suspects, and died before medics could transport him to a funeral was held on october 25 in spring hill, tennessee, and was attended by family and friends with the papa john's ceo making an unexpected never once imagined that this would touch anyone high up in the papa john's corporate office, let alone, john schnatter. he was visibly distraught when speaking to my family about the tragic loss of my brother and it was apparent that he didn't come just to pay lip service," devan cronin, oldest sister, wrote on john's also covered the expenses of funeral and medical costs. a. fitzpatrick was arrested on wednesday for killing schaffer, and also faces charges related to the robberies of two dollar general stores earlier in october, according to news 2 abc nashville.

ʤɑn schnatter*, ðə ˈfaʊndər ənd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd ˈpitsə ʧeɪn ˈpɑˌpə ʤɑnz, ˈtrævəld tɪ ˌtɛnəˈsi ðɪs pæst ˈwiˌkɪnd tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə fˈjunərəl əv ən ɪmˈplɔɪi hu hæd bɪn ʃɑt ənd kɪld ˈdʊrɪŋ ə stɔr ˈʃeɪfər, 22 wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ ðə leɪt ʃɪft æt ðə ˈpɑˌpə ʤɑnz loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪn kəˈləmbiə, ˌtɛnəˈsi ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 21 wɪn ɑrmd ˈrɑbərz ˈɛnərd ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ənd ˈɔrdərd ˈʃeɪfər tɪ ˈɛmti ðə kæʃ ˈrɛʤɪstər. ˈʃeɪfər kəmˈplaɪd, bət wɑz ʃɑt baɪ wən əv ðə ˈsəˌspɛkts, ənd daɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmɛdɪks kʊd ˈtrænspɔrt ɪm tɪ ə fˈjunərəl wɑz hɛld ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 25 ɪn spərɪŋ hɪl, ˌtɛnəˈsi, ənd wɑz əˈtɛndəd baɪ ˈfæməli ənd frɛndz wɪθ ðə ˈpɑˌpə ʤɑnz ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ən ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈnɛvər wəns ˌɪˈmæʤənd ðət ðɪs wʊd təʧ ˈɛniˌwən haɪ əp ɪn ðə ˈpɑˌpə ʤɑnz ˈkɔrpərət ˈɔfəs, lɛt əˈloʊn, ʤɑn schnatter*. hi wɑz ˈvɪzəbli dɪˈstrɔt wɪn ˈspikɪŋ tɪ maɪ ˈfæməli əˈbaʊt ðə ˈtræʤɪk lɔs əv maɪ ˈbrəðər ənd ɪt wɑz əˈpɛrənt ðət hi ˈdɪdənt kəm ʤɪst tɪ peɪ lɪp ˈsərvɪs," ˈdɛvən ˈkroʊnɪn, ˈoʊldəst ˈsɪstər, roʊt ɔn ʤɑnz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkəvərd ðə ɪkˈspɛnsɪz əv fˈjunərəl ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl kɔsts. ə. ˌfɪtˈspætrɪk wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ fər ˈkɪlɪŋ ˈʃeɪfər, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfeɪsɪz ˈʧɑrʤɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈrɑbəriz əv tu ˈdɔlər ˈʤɛnərəl stɔrz ˈərliər ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ nuz 2 ˈeɪˌbiˌsi ˈnæʃvɪl.

in november, a university of michigan student reported that a white male threatened to burn her alive unless she took off her hijab, a head covering worn by some practicing muslim women. the campus police grabbed hold of that report and brought it to the ann arbor police attention. however, a month later it was found that there was no evidence to support that the reported incident ever took place. the incident, classified under the law as “ethnic intimidation,” is prosecuted as a felony. one of the law enforcement officials told fox 2 that the office would be reviewing the case. because the hate crime that the woman falsely reported is a felony, if convicted, she will face a felony charge, as well. but tuesday, officials at the county office told the college fix in an email that they will not be pursuing any charges against the woman. “this office has declined to authorize charges in that matter,” said steven hiller chief assistant prosecutor. the office refused to comment any further. the woman reported the hate crime just days after donald election victory. a wave of muslim students began reporting similar hate crimes across the united states around the same time. several of those reports turned out to be hoaxes.

ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər, ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən ˈstudənt ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ə waɪt meɪl θˈrɛtənd tɪ bərn hər əˈlaɪv ənˈlɛs ʃi tʊk ɔf hər hijab*, ə hɛd ˈkəvərɪŋ wɔrn baɪ səm ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˈməzlɪm ˈwɪmən. ðə ˈkæmpəs pəˈlis græbd hoʊld əv ðət rɪˈpɔrt ənd brɔt ɪt tɪ ðə æn ˈɑrbər pəˈlis əˈtɛnʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə mənθ ˈleɪtər ɪt wɑz faʊnd ðət ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈɛvədəns tɪ səˈpɔrt ðət ðə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈɪnsədənt ˈɛvər tʊk pleɪs. ðə ˈɪnsədənt, ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˈəndər ðə lɔ ɛz intimidation,”*,” ɪz ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪd ɛz ə ˈfɛləni. wən əv ðə lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əˈfɪʃəlz toʊld fɑks 2 ðət ðə ˈɔfəs wʊd bi rivˈjuɪŋ ðə keɪs. bɪˈkəz ðə heɪt kraɪm ðət ðə ˈwʊmən ˈfɔlsli ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪz ə ˈfɛləni, ɪf kənˈvɪktəd, ʃi wɪl feɪs ə ˈfɛləni ʧɑrʤ, ɛz wɛl. bət ˈtuzˌdeɪ, əˈfɪʃəlz æt ðə ˈkaʊnti ˈɔfəs toʊld ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ fɪks ɪn ən iˈmeɪl ðət ðeɪ wɪl nɑt bi pərˈsuɪŋ ˈɛni ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈwʊmən. ˈɔfəs həz dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈɔθərˌaɪz ˈʧɑrʤɪz ɪn ðət matter,”*,” sɛd ˈstivən ˈhɪlər ʧif əˈsɪstənt ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər. ðə ˈɔfəs rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ˈɛni ˈfərðər. ðə ˈwʊmən ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðə heɪt kraɪm ʤɪst deɪz ˈæftər ˈdɑnəld ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈvɪktəri. ə weɪv əv ˈməzlɪm ˈstudənts bɪˈgæn rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈsɪmələr heɪt kraɪmz əˈkrɔs ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əraʊnd ðə seɪm taɪm. ˈsɛvərəl əv ðoʊz rɪˈpɔrts tərnd aʊt tɪ bi ˈhoʊksɪz.

after a terrible personal performance against the cowboys in round 8, newcastle captain kurt gidley has announced that heading over to england to finish out his career with warrington. but first, there is a long season to play out, and the knights need to figure out where gidley fits into their team. gidley has his fair share of critics, but he is still a valuable player. he just needs to be used in the right way. facebook twitter email share at the moment rick stone is starting gidley at fullback and moving him to hooker a third of the way through the game to make way for at fullback. this is a frustrating, and downright ineffective tactic. for a number of years gidley has been part of spine, and he has a great deal of respect from his teammates and the coaching staff. but becoming clear that he needs to move from a shot caller to a support player. gidley often over calls his halves for the ball, only to make a poor decision when he gets it in his hands. the halves, jarrod mullen and tyrone roberts, seem to lose confidence and refuse to back themselves when gidley is calling the shots. advertisement advertisement no one can doubt commitment to the knights, but in his effort to do everything himself he makes a lot of errors. but despite all this gidley does have a place in the knights’ top 17 as an impact row coming off the bench. gidley has the ability to break tackles, make tackles, throw and play the ball at the line all attributes which would make him an excellent impact backrower. he’s also one of the fittest blokes in the, and holds the knights’ record in the beep test. in fact, he has broken his own record a number of times. compare his offensive career stats to those of luke lewis, who has also been slapped with the same utility tag for much of his career. like gidley, he has been forced to play a number of positions, from fullback to forward. gidley: games 236, metres per game 101, tackle busts 480,s 297 lewis: games 242, metres per game 82, tackle busts 385,s 173 gidley also averages more tackles a game (18.3 v), less missed tackles (2.3 v) and has a better effective tackle percentage than lewis (85.1 v). advertisement advertisement yet despite this, lewis is still considered an origin and test player, but gidley is not. why? because of the amount of errors gidley makes made a whooping 349 errors compared to lewis’ 246. this season alone he already has four times as many errors as lewis does. he simply tries too hard to make things happen when they on and as a result makes a ridiculous amount of errors. if rick stone is serious about turning the knights into final contenders, he needs to bite the bullet and put gidley on the bench to inject into the game when his team is lagging. kurt gidley is a work horse. as one of the fittest players in the competition he should be used like that, tackling his little red and blue heart out so other players a fresh when the game is on a knife edge. think back to game 3 of the 2010 state of origin series. advertisement advertisement gidley started from the bench and came on to replace michael ennis after 30 minutes and went on to play the rest of the game in various positions. just before half-time, gidley set up an inside pass for paul gallen, who crash over for new south wales’ first try of the game. in the minute, kurt scored the next try for the blues which narrowed the point deficit to just one. he continued to make several and defended strongly. he was later awarded the brad medal for player of the series. gidley was used perfectly in the game and demonstrated all the skills that would make him the ultimate impact player setting up tries, scoring tries, making breaks and defending like a man possessed. if stone moves gidley to the it opens up room for at fullback, or alternatively dane could be given a shot at the custodian role (where he played his junior football) and could slot in a centre.

ˈæftər ə ˈtɛrəbəl ˈpərsɪnəl pərˈfɔrməns əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz ɪn raʊnd 8 ˈnuˌkæsəl ˈkæptən kərt ˈgɪdli həz əˈnaʊnst ðət ˈhɛdɪŋ ˈoʊvər tɪ ˈɪŋglənd tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ aʊt hɪz kərɪr wɪθ ˈwɔrɪŋtən. bət fərst, ðɛr ɪz ə lɔŋ ˈsizən tɪ pleɪ aʊt, ənd ðə naɪts nid tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt wɛr ˈgɪdli fɪts ˈɪntu ðɛr tim. ˈgɪdli həz hɪz fɛr ʃɛr əv ˈkrɪtɪks, bət hi ɪz stɪl ə ˈvæljəbəl pleɪər. hi ʤɪst nidz tɪ bi juzd ɪn ðə raɪt weɪ. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər iˈmeɪl ʃɛr æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt rɪk stoʊn ɪz ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈgɪdli æt ˈfʊlˌbæk ənd ˈmuvɪŋ ɪm tɪ ˈhʊkər ə θərd əv ðə weɪ θru ðə geɪm tɪ meɪk weɪ fər æt ˈfʊlˌbæk. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈfrəˌstreɪtɪŋ, ənd ˈdaʊnˌraɪt ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv ˈtæktɪk. fər ə ˈnəmbər əv jɪrz ˈgɪdli həz bɪn pɑrt əv spaɪn, ənd hi həz ə greɪt dil əv rɪˈspɛkt frəm hɪz ˈtimˌmeɪts ənd ðə ˈkoʊʧɪŋ stæf. bət bɪˈkəmɪŋ klɪr ðət hi nidz tɪ muv frəm ə ʃɑt ˈkɔlər tɪ ə səˈpɔrt pleɪər. ˈgɪdli ˈɔfən ˈoʊvər kɔlz hɪz hævz fər ðə bɔl, ˈoʊnli tɪ meɪk ə pur dɪˈsɪʒən wɪn hi gɪts ɪt ɪn hɪz hænz. ðə hævz, ˈʤærə ˈmələn ənd ˌtaɪˈroʊn ˈrɑbərts, sim tɪ luz ˈkɑnfədɛns ənd ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ bæk ðɛmˈsɛlvz wɪn ˈgɪdli ɪz ˈkɔlɪŋ ðə ʃɑts. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt noʊ wən kən daʊt kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ðə naɪts, bət ɪn hɪz ˈɛfərt tɪ du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf hi meɪks ə lɔt əv ˈɛrərz. bət dɪˈspaɪt ɔl ðɪs ˈgɪdli dɪz hæv ə pleɪs ɪn ðə knights’*’ tɔp 17 ɛz ən ˌɪmˈpækt roʊ ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf ðə bɛnʧ. ˈgɪdli həz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ breɪk ˈtækəlz, meɪk ˈtækəlz, θroʊ ənd pleɪ ðə bɔl æt ðə laɪn ɔl əˈtrɪˌbjuts wɪʧ wʊd meɪk ɪm ən ˈɛksələnt ˌɪmˈpækt backrower*. ˈɔlsoʊ wən əv ðə ˈfɪtəst bloʊks ɪn ðə, ənd hoʊldz ðə knights’*’ ˈrɛkərd ɪn ðə bip tɛst. ɪn fækt, hi həz ˈbroʊkən hɪz oʊn ˈrɛkərd ə ˈnəmbər əv taɪmz. kəmˈpɛr hɪz əˈfɛnsɪv kərɪr stæts tɪ ðoʊz əv luk luɪs, hu həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn slæpt wɪθ ðə seɪm juˈtɪləti tæg fər məʧ əv hɪz kərɪr. laɪk ˈgɪdli, hi həz bɪn fɔrst tɪ pleɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv pəˈzɪʃənz, frəm ˈfʊlˌbæk tɪ ˈfɔrwərd. ˈgɪdli: geɪmz 236 ˈmitərz pər geɪm 101 ˈtækəl bəsts 480 297 luɪs: geɪmz 242 ˈmitərz pər geɪm 82 ˈtækəl bəsts 385 173 ˈgɪdli ˈɔlsoʊ ˈævrɪʤɪz mɔr ˈtækəlz ə geɪm vi lɛs mɪst ˈtækəlz vi ənd həz ə ˈbɛtər ˈifɛktɪv ˈtækəl pərˈsɛnɪʤ ðən luɪs vi ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt jɛt dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs, luɪs ɪz stɪl kənˈsɪdərd ən ˈɔrəʤən ənd tɛst pleɪər, bət ˈgɪdli ɪz nɑt. waɪ? bɪˈkəz əv ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɛrərz ˈgɪdli meɪks meɪd ə ˈwupɪŋ 349 ˈɛrərz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ lewis’*’ 246 ðɪs ˈsizən əˈloʊn hi ɔˈrɛdi həz fɔr taɪmz ɛz ˈmɛni ˈɛrərz ɛz luɪs dɪz. hi ˈsɪmpli traɪz tu hɑrd tɪ meɪk θɪŋz ˈhæpən wɪn ðeɪ ɔn ənd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt meɪks ə rɪˈdɪkjələs əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɛrərz. ɪf rɪk stoʊn ɪz ˈsɪriəs əˈbaʊt ˈtərnɪŋ ðə naɪts ˈɪntu ˈfaɪnəl kənˈtɛndərz, hi nidz tɪ baɪt ðə ˈbʊlət ənd pʊt ˈgɪdli ɔn ðə bɛnʧ tɪ ˌɪnˈʤɛkt ˈɪntu ðə geɪm wɪn hɪz tim ɪz ˈlægɪŋ. kərt ˈgɪdli ɪz ə wərk hɔrs. ɛz wən əv ðə ˈfɪtəst pleɪərz ɪn ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən hi ʃʊd bi juzd laɪk ðət, ˈtækəlɪŋ hɪz ˈlɪtəl rɛd ənd blu hɑrt aʊt soʊ ˈəðər pleɪərz ə frɛʃ wɪn ðə geɪm ɪz ɔn ə naɪf ɛʤ. θɪŋk bæk tɪ geɪm 3 əv ðə 2010 steɪt əv ˈɔrəʤən ˈsɪriz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈgɪdli ˈstɑrtɪd frəm ðə bɛnʧ ənd keɪm ɔn tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ˈmaɪkəl ˈɛnɪs ˈæftər 30 ˈmɪnəts ənd wɛnt ɔn tɪ pleɪ ðə rɛst əv ðə geɪm ɪn ˈvɛriəs pəˈzɪʃənz. ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ˈhæfˌtaɪm, ˈgɪdli sɛt əp ən ˌɪnˈsaɪd pæs fər pɔl ˈgɔlən, hu kræʃ ˈoʊvər fər nu saʊθ wales’*’ fərst traɪ əv ðə geɪm. ɪn ðə ˈmɪnət, kərt skɔrd ðə nɛkst traɪ fər ðə bluz wɪʧ ˈnɛroʊd ðə pɔɪnt ˈdɛfəsət tɪ ʤɪst wən. hi kənˈtɪnjud tɪ meɪk ˈsɛvərəl ənd dɪˈfɛndɪd ˈstrɔŋli. hi wɑz ˈleɪtər əˈwɔrdɪd ðə bræd ˈmɛdəl fər pleɪər əv ðə ˈsɪriz. ˈgɪdli wɑz juzd ˈpərfəktli ɪn ðə geɪm ənd ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ɔl ðə skɪlz ðət wʊd meɪk ɪm ðə ˈəltəmət ˌɪmˈpækt pleɪər ˈsɛtɪŋ əp traɪz, ˈskɔrɪŋ traɪz, ˈmeɪkɪŋ breɪks ənd dɪˈfɛndɪŋ laɪk ə mæn pəˈzɛst. ɪf stoʊn muvz ˈgɪdli tɪ ðə ɪt ˈoʊpənz əp rum fər æt ˈfʊlˌbæk, ər ɔlˈtərnətɪvli deɪn kʊd bi ˈgɪvɪn ə ʃɑt æt ðə kəˈstoʊdiən roʊl (wɛr hi pleɪd hɪz ˈʤunjər ˈfʊtˌbɔl) ənd kʊd slɑt ɪn ə ˈsɛntər.

in this july 6, 2012 photo, excavation continues at the coal mining facility in southern mongolia. fully 90 percent of exports - coal, copper, cashmere and livestock - go to china, which in turn sends machinery, appliances and other consumer goods that account for a third of mongolian imports. the rising trade with china now amounts to of economy, one of the highest ratios in the world, according to an associated press analysis of trade data. (ap wong) * china, india to propel coal past oil by end of decade * muted impact from carbon policies aimed at curbing coal use * china to drive two-thirds of coal growth this decade (adds comments from on asia power market, coal supply and prices; provides graphic link) by florence tan daegu, south korea, oct 14 (reuters) - coal will surpass oil as the key fuel for the global economy by 2020 despite government efforts to reduce carbon emissions, energy consultancy firm wood mackenzie said on monday. rising demand in china and india will push coal past oil as the two asian powerhouses will need to rely on the comparatively cheaper fuel to power their economies. coal demand in the united states, europe and the rest of asia will hold steady. global coal consumption is expected to rise by 25 percent by the end of the decade to million tonnes of oil equivalent, overtaking oil at million tonnes, according to woodmac in a presentation on monday at the world energy congress. "china's demand for coal will almost propel the growth of coal as the dominant global fuel," said william durbin, president of global markets at woodmac. "unlike alternatives, it is plentiful and affordable." china - already the top consumer - will drive two-thirds of the growth in global coal use this decade. half of china's power generation capacity to be built between 2012 and 2020 will be coal-fired, said woodmac. china has no alternative to coal, with its domestic gas output limited and liquefied natural gas (lng) imports more costly than coal, durbin said. "renewables cannot provide base load power. this leaves coal as the primary energy source," he said. asia to focus on low-cost coal power infrastructure provider estimated that across asia close to half of the 600 of new power generators to be built over the next five years will be coal-fired, giles dickson, a vice president at the company said. "coal prices are low," he said, adding that coal is about one-third of the price of in asia and about half of the gas price in europe. abundant supply is also supporting demand for coal. the traded volumes of coal will increase by a further 20 percent by 2020, dickson said, including supply of lower grade coal from indonesia, australia and south africa. "as the lower grade coal comes into the market, further downward pressure on prices will further drive demand," he said. excess supply and faltering demand growth have depressed global coal prices this year. european coal futures have tumbled more than 20 percent, while australian coal prices have plummeted from the record $130 per tonne hit in 2011 to around $80 per tonne as china's demand grew slower than expected. "if you take china and india out of the equation, what is more surprising is that under current regulations, coal demand in the rest of the world will remain at current levels," durbin said. high fuel import costs and nuclear issues will support coal use throughout northeast asia, while in north america coal is still competitive in many locations despite abundant low-cost shale gas. "the struggling economy and low coal prices has rendered the european union (eu) emissions trading scheme (ets) ineffective," durbin said. "the carbon price will need to reach 40 euros per tonne to encourage fuel switching, which is unlikely before 2020." in southeast asia, coal will be the biggest winner in the region's energy mix. coal will generate nearly half of southeast asia's electricity by 2035, up from less than a third now, the international energy agency said in early october.

ɪn ðɪs ˌʤuˈlaɪ 6 2012 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ, ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃən kənˈtɪnjuz æt ðə koʊl ˈmaɪnɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪti ɪn ˈsəðərn mɑŋˈgoʊljə. ˈfʊli 90 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈɛkspɔrts koʊl, ˈkɑpər, ˈkæʒmɪr ənd ˈlaɪvˌstɑk goʊ tɪ ˈʧaɪnə, wɪʧ ɪn tərn sɛndz məˈʃinəri, əˈplaɪənsɪz ənd ˈəðər kənˈsumər gʊdz ðət əˈkaʊnt fər ə θərd əv mɑŋˈgoʊljən ˌɪmˈpɔrts. ðə ˈraɪzɪŋ treɪd wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə naʊ əˈmaʊnts tɪ əv ɪˈkɑnəmi, wən əv ðə haɪəst ˈreɪʃiˌoʊz ɪn ðə wərld, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs æˈnælɪsɪs əv treɪd ˈdætə. (ˌeɪˈpi wɔŋ) ˈʧaɪnə, ˈɪndiə tɪ prəˈpɛl koʊl pæst ɔɪl baɪ ɛnd əv ˈdɛkeɪd mˈjutɪd ˌɪmˈpækt frəm ˈkɑrbən ˈpɑləsiz eɪmd æt ˈkərbɪŋ koʊl juz ˈʧaɪnə tɪ draɪv ˌtuˈθərdz əv koʊl groʊθ ðɪs ˈdɛkeɪd (ædz ˈkɑmɛnts frəm ɔn ˈeɪʒə paʊər ˈmɑrkɪt, koʊl səˈplaɪ ənd ˈpraɪsɪz; prəˈvaɪdz ˈgræfɪk lɪŋk) baɪ ˈflɔrəns tæn daegu*, saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə, ɔkt 14 (ˈrɔɪtərz) koʊl wɪl sərˈpæs ɔɪl ɛz ðə ki fjuəl fər ðə ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi baɪ 2020 dɪˈspaɪt ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɛfərts tɪ rɪˈdus ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz, ˈɛnərʤi kənˈsəltənsi fərm wʊd məˈkɛnzi sɛd ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈraɪzɪŋ dɪˈmænd ɪn ˈʧaɪnə ənd ˈɪndiə wɪl pʊʃ koʊl pæst ɔɪl ɛz ðə tu ˈeɪʒən ˈpaʊərˌhaʊsɪz wɪl nid tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ðə kəmˈpærətɪvˌli ˈʧipər fjuəl tɪ paʊər ðɛr ɪˈkɑnəmiz. koʊl dɪˈmænd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈjʊrəp ənd ðə rɛst əv ˈeɪʒə wɪl hoʊld ˈstɛdi. ˈgloʊbəl koʊl kənˈsəmʃən ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ raɪz baɪ 25 pərˈsɛnt baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈdɛkeɪd tɪ ˈmɪljən tənz əv ɔɪl ɪkˈwɪvələnt, ˈoʊvərˌteɪkɪŋ ɔɪl æt ˈmɪljən tənz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈwʊdmæk ɪn ə ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ æt ðə wərld ˈɛnərʤi ˈkɑŋgrəs. "ˈʧaɪnəz dɪˈmænd fər koʊl wɪl ˈɔlˌmoʊst prəˈpɛl ðə groʊθ əv koʊl ɛz ðə ˈdɑmənənt ˈgloʊbəl fjuəl," sɛd ˈwɪljəm ˈdərbɪn, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈgloʊbəl ˈmɑrkɪts æt ˈwʊdmæk. "ənˈlaɪk ɔlˈtərnətɪvz, ɪt ɪz ˈplɛnɪfəl ənd əˈfɔrdəbəl." ˈʧaɪnə ɔˈrɛdi ðə tɔp kənˈsumər wɪl draɪv ˌtuˈθərdz əv ðə groʊθ ɪn ˈgloʊbəl koʊl juz ðɪs ˈdɛkeɪd. hæf əv ˈʧaɪnəz paʊər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən kəˈpæsɪti tɪ bi bɪlt bɪtˈwin 2012 ənd 2020 wɪl bi coal-fired*, sɛd ˈwʊdmæk. ˈʧaɪnə həz noʊ ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ koʊl, wɪθ ɪts dəˈmɛstɪk gæs ˈaʊtˌpʊt ˈlɪmɪtɪd ənd ˈlɪkwəˌfaɪd ˈnæʧərəl gæs (lng*) ˌɪmˈpɔrts mɔr ˈkɔstli ðən koʊl, ˈdərbɪn sɛd. ˈkænɑt prəˈvaɪd beɪs loʊd paʊər. ðɪs livz koʊl ɛz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈɛnərʤi sɔrs," hi sɛd. ˈeɪʒə tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˌloʊˈkɔst koʊl paʊər ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər prəˈvaɪdər ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət əˈkrɔs ˈeɪʒə kloʊz tɪ hæf əv ðə 600 əv nu paʊər ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtərz tɪ bi bɪlt ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst faɪv jɪrz wɪl bi coal-fired*, ʤaɪlz ˈdɪksən, ə vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt æt ðə ˈkəmpəˌni sɛd. "koʊl ˈpraɪsɪz ər loʊ," hi sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət koʊl ɪz əˈbaʊt ˌwənˈθərd əv ðə praɪs əv ɪn ˈeɪʒə ənd əˈbaʊt hæf əv ðə gæs praɪs ɪn ˈjʊrəp. əˈbəndənt səˈplaɪ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ səˈpɔrtɪŋ dɪˈmænd fər koʊl. ðə ˈtreɪdɪd ˈvɑljumz əv koʊl wɪl ˌɪnˈkris baɪ ə ˈfərðər 20 pərˈsɛnt baɪ 2020 ˈdɪksən sɛd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ səˈplaɪ əv loʊər greɪd koʊl frəm ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə, ɔˈstreɪljə ənd saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ. "ɛz ðə loʊər greɪd koʊl kəmz ˈɪntu ðə ˈmɑrkɪt, ˈfərðər ˈdaʊnwərd ˈprɛʃər ɔn ˈpraɪsɪz wɪl ˈfərðər draɪv dɪˈmænd," hi sɛd. ˈɛkˌsɛs səˈplaɪ ənd ˈfɔltərɪŋ dɪˈmænd groʊθ hæv dɪˈprɛst ˈgloʊbəl koʊl ˈpraɪsɪz ðɪs jɪr. ˌjʊrəˈpiən koʊl fˈjuʧərz hæv ˈtəmbəld mɔr ðən 20 pərˈsɛnt, waɪl ɔˈstreɪljən koʊl ˈpraɪsɪz hæv ˈpləmətɪd frəm ðə ˈrɛkərd 130 pər tən hɪt ɪn 2011 tɪ əraʊnd 80 pər tən ɛz ˈʧaɪnəz dɪˈmænd gru sloʊər ðən ɪkˈspɛktɪd. "ɪf ju teɪk ˈʧaɪnə ənd ˈɪndiə aʊt əv ðə ɪkˈweɪʒən, wət ɪz mɔr səˈpraɪzɪŋ ɪz ðət ˈəndər ˈkɑrənt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz, koʊl dɪˈmænd ɪn ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld wɪl rɪˈmeɪn æt ˈkɑrənt ˈlɛvəlz," ˈdərbɪn sɛd. haɪ fjuəl ˌɪmˈpɔrt kɔsts ənd ˈnukliər ˈɪʃuz wɪl səˈpɔrt koʊl juz θruaʊt ˌnɔrˈθist ˈeɪʒə, waɪl ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə koʊl ɪz stɪl kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ɪn ˈmɛni loʊˈkeɪʃənz dɪˈspaɪt əˈbəndənt ˌloʊˈkɔst ʃeɪl gæs. "ðə ˈstrəgəlɪŋ ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd loʊ koʊl ˈpraɪsɪz həz ˈrɛndərd ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən (eu*) ɪˈmɪʃənz ˈtreɪdɪŋ skim (ets*) ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv," ˈdərbɪn sɛd. "ðə ˈkɑrbən praɪs wɪl nid tɪ riʧ 40 ˈjuˌroʊz pər tən tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ fjuəl sˈwɪʧɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz ənˈlaɪkli ˌbiˈfɔr 2020 ɪn ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒə, koʊl wɪl bi ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈwɪnər ɪn ðə ˈriʤənz ˈɛnərʤi mɪks. koʊl wɪl ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ˈnɪrli hæf əv ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒəz ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti baɪ 2035 əp frəm lɛs ðən ə θərd naʊ, ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛnərʤi ˈeɪʤənsi sɛd ɪn ˈərli ɑkˈtoʊbər.

get the biggest liverpool stories by email subscribe thank you for subscribing we have more newsletters show me see our privacy notice could not subscribe, try again later invalid email his approach made a popular figure during his time at liverpool. and his reputation among fans was further enhanced when he gave manchester united manager alex ferguson a verbal volley in front of the main stand at in september 2012. shelvey was leaving the pitch after being sent off by referee mark halsey for a lunge on evans and he believed ferguson had contributed to his dismissal by his reaction to the incident. at the time he accused ferguson of ‘grassing’ him up. now has revealed further details about the clash which endeared him, not just to the faithful, but apparently to the united boss himself. he now accepts he was wrong to confront ferguson but says the scot was impressed with his passion. shelvey said: “i was a bit immature then and a bit silly. i pulled him aside afterwards and apologised to him and he was spot on with me. “he said, ‘no i like it. it shows got a bit of balls about you’. “i got a few high fives around town for the next few months, but it was silly from me on the professional stage. you do something like that. “i was young and i was starting for liverpool against manchester united, games come much bigger. “i was immature, the occasion got the better of me. it was part of growing up and you learn from those sort of things.” there was no happy ending to the minute dismissal despite steven giving the reds the lead. second half goals from rafael and a robin van penalty won it for united. shelvey played 69 times in three years at, departing in the summer of 2013 to swansea, where his form has earned him another england call-up.

gɪt ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈlɪvərˌpul ˈstɔriz baɪ iˈmeɪl səbˈskraɪb θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ wi hæv mɔr ˈnuzˌlɛtərz ʃoʊ mi si ɑr ˈpraɪvəsi ˈnoʊtɪs kʊd nɑt səbˈskraɪb, traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl hɪz əˈproʊʧ meɪd ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈfɪgjər ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz taɪm æt ˈlɪvərˌpul. ənd hɪz ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən əˈməŋ fænz wɑz ˈfərðər ɛnˈhænst wɪn hi geɪv ˈmænˌʧɛstər juˈnaɪtɪd ˈmænɪʤər ˈæləks ˈfərgəsən ə ˈvərbəl ˈvɑli ɪn frənt əv ðə meɪn stænd æt ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2012 wɑz ˈlivɪŋ ðə pɪʧ ˈæftər biɪŋ sɛnt ɔf baɪ ˌrɛfərˈi mɑrk ˈhælsi fər ə lənʤ ɔn ˈɛvənz ənd hi bɪˈlivd ˈfərgəsən hæd kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ hɪz dɪsˈmɪsəl baɪ hɪz riˈækʃən tɪ ðə ˈɪnsədənt. æt ðə taɪm hi əˈkjuzd ˈfərgəsən əv ‘‘grassing’*’ ɪm əp. naʊ həz rɪˈvild ˈfərðər ˈditeɪlz əˈbaʊt ðə klæʃ wɪʧ ɛnˈdird ɪm, nɑt ʤɪst tɪ ðə ˈfeɪθfəl, bət əˈpɛrəntli tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd bɔs hɪmˈsɛlf. hi naʊ ækˈsɛpts hi wɑz rɔŋ tɪ kənˈfrənt ˈfərgəsən bət sɪz ðə skɑt wɑz ˌɪmˈprɛst wɪθ hɪz ˈpæʃən. sɛd: wɑz ə bɪt ˌɪməˈtjʊr ðɛn ənd ə bɪt ˈsɪli. aɪ pʊld ɪm əˈsaɪd ˈæftərwərdz ənd əˈpɑləˌʤaɪzd tɪ ɪm ənd hi wɑz spɑt ɔn wɪθ mi. sɛd, aɪ laɪk ɪt. ɪt ʃoʊz gɑt ə bɪt əv bɔlz əˈbaʊt you’*’. gɑt ə fju haɪ faɪvz əraʊnd taʊn fər ðə nɛkst fju mənθs, bət ɪt wɑz ˈsɪli frəm mi ɔn ðə prəˈfɛʃənəl steɪʤ. ju du ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðət. wɑz jəŋ ənd aɪ wɑz ˈstɑrtɪŋ fər ˈlɪvərˌpul əˈgɛnst ˈmænˌʧɛstər juˈnaɪtɪd, geɪmz kəm məʧ ˈbɪgər. wɑz ˌɪməˈtjʊr, ðə əˈkeɪʒən gɑt ðə ˈbɛtər əv mi. ɪt wɑz pɑrt əv groʊɪŋ əp ənd ju lərn frəm ðoʊz sɔrt əv things.”*.” ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈhæpi ˈɛndɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈmɪnət dɪsˈmɪsəl dɪˈspaɪt ˈstivən ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə rɛdz ðə lɛd. ˈsɛkənd hæf goʊlz frəm ˌrɑfaɪˈɛl ənd ə ˈrɑbɪn væn ˈpɛnəlti wən ɪt fər juˈnaɪtɪd. pleɪd 69 taɪmz ɪn θri jɪrz æt, dɪˈpɑrtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2013 tɪ swansea*, wɛr hɪz fɔrm həz ərnd ɪm əˈnəðər ˈɪŋglənd call-up*.

december 4, 2013 - team we've been busy these last few months, trying to settle a longstanding debate as to what "bimonthly" actually means. some members of the team are convinced it means "once every two months." others maintain even trying to define it would ruin the enchanting mystery of reading. anyway, three months later we're no closer to an answer. however, we are close to releasing the second issue of team fortress comics, this time as a publication. how close? it's here. when we last left our gripping ongoing tale, saxton hale had lost mann co. to the scheming gray mann and disappeared to parts unknown. the mercs, now out of jobs, had scattered to the six months later, when miss pauling started the team under orders from an administrator. with demo, soldier and pyro on board, our team heads to to rescue spy and scout from the noose. find out what happens next in part two, titled "unhappy returns".

dɪˈsɛmbər 4 2013 tim wiv bɪn ˈbɪzi ðiz læst fju mənθs, traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛtəl ə ˈlɔŋˌstændɪŋ dəˈbeɪt ɛz tɪ wət "baɪˈmənθli" ˈæˌkʧuəli minz. səm ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə tim ər kənˈvɪnst ɪt minz "wəns ˈɛvəri tu mənθs." ˈəðərz meɪnˈteɪn ˈivɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ɪt wʊd ruɪn ðə ɛnˈʧænɪŋ ˈmɪstəri əv ˈrɛdɪŋ. ˈɛniˌweɪ, θri mənθs ˈleɪtər wɪr noʊ ˈkloʊzər tɪ ən ˈænsər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi ər kloʊz tɪ riˈlisɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈɪʃu əv tim ˈfɔrtrəs ˈkɑmɪks, ðɪs taɪm ɛz ə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən. haʊ kloʊz? ɪts hir. wɪn wi læst lɛft ɑr ˈgrɪpɪŋ ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ teɪl, ˈsækstən heɪl hæd lɔst mæn koʊ. tɪ ðə ˈskimɪŋ greɪ mæn ənd ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd tɪ pɑrts ənˈnoʊn. ðə mercs*, naʊ aʊt əv ʤɑbz, hæd ˈskætərd tɪ ðə sɪks mənθs ˈleɪtər, wɪn mɪs ˈpɔlɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪd ðə tim ˈəndər ˈɔrdərz frəm ən ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər. wɪθ ˈdɛmoʊ, ˈsoʊlʤər ənd ˈpaɪroʊ ɔn bɔrd, ɑr tim hɛdz tɪ tɪ ˈrɛskju spaɪ ənd skaʊt frəm ðə nus. faɪnd aʊt wət ˈhæpənz nɛkst ɪn pɑrt tu, ˈtaɪtəld "ənˈhæpi rɪˈtərnz".

i strongly opposed the appointments of each of the three blind mice,,, and summers to their posts overseeing our finances. with summers gone, the other two need to follow. has now thrown his support to allowing criminal to continue to steal homes using illegal foreclosure procedures and other practices so deceptive that they would make a robber baron blush. top policymakers at the federal reserve are fighting efforts to rein in widely reported bank abuses, sparking an feud with the and the treasury department. the fed, along with the more office of the comptroller of the currency, is resisting moves to craft rules cracking down on banks that charge illegal fees and carry ou et improper foreclosures. the supports such rules, according to an official involved in the dispute. the new regulations would rein in debt collection, loan modification and foreclosure proceedings at bank divisions called "mortgage." have committed widespread fraud in the foreclosure process. while the recent of fraudulent documents has received the most attention, consumer advocates have complained about improper fees and servicer mistakes that lead to foreclosure for years. "given that seen a massive failure in servicing practices and a massive failure to address servicing in an honest way, i think this is important," says joshua rosner, a managing director at graham fisher & co., and longtime critic of the u.s. mortgage system… [emphasis added] inserted from <huffington post> the article goes on to analyze the abuses and the conflict in far greater detail, so i recommend clicking through to read the entire piece. geithner has not yet weighed in on the issue.

aɪ ˈstrɔŋli əˈpoʊzd ðə əˈpɔɪntmənts əv iʧ əv ðə θri blaɪnd maɪs,,, ənd ˈsəmərz tɪ ðɛr poʊsts ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ ɑr ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz. wɪθ ˈsəmərz gɔn, ðə ˈəðər tu nid tɪ ˈfɑloʊ. həz naʊ θroʊn hɪz səˈpɔrt tɪ əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈkrɪmənəl tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ stil hoʊmz ˈjuzɪŋ ˌɪˈligəl fɔrˈkloʊʒər prəˈsiʤərz ənd ˈəðər ˈpræktɪsɪz soʊ dɪˈsɛptɪv ðət ðeɪ wʊd meɪk ə ˈrɑbər ˈbɛrən bləʃ. tɔp ˈpɑləsiˌmeɪkərz æt ðə ˈfɛdərəl rɪˈzərv ər ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈɛfərts tɪ reɪn ɪn ˈwaɪdli ˌriˈpɔrtəd bæŋk əˈbjuzɪz, ˈspɑrkɪŋ ən fjud wɪθ ðə ənd ðə ˈtrɛʒəri dɪˈpɑrtmənt. ðə fɛd, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə mɔr ˈɔfəs əv ðə ˈkɑmˌtroʊlər əv ðə ˈkərənsi, ɪz rɪˈzɪstɪŋ muvz tɪ kræft rulz ˈkrækɪŋ daʊn ɔn bæŋks ðət ʧɑrʤ ˌɪˈligəl fiz ənd ˈkɛri u ɛt ˌɪmˈprɑpər fɔrˈkloʊʒərz. ðə səˈpɔrts səʧ rulz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ən əˈfɪʃəl ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə dɪˈspjut. ðə nu ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz wʊd reɪn ɪn dɛt kəˈlɛkʃən, loʊn ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən ənd fɔrˈkloʊʒər prəˈsidɪŋz æt bæŋk dɪˈvɪʒənz kɔld "ˈmɔrgɪʤ." hæv kəˈmɪtɪd ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd frɔd ɪn ðə fɔrˈkloʊʒər ˈprɔˌsɛs. waɪl ðə ˈrisənt əv ˈfrɔʤələnt ˈdɑkjəmənts həz rɪˈsivd ðə moʊst əˈtɛnʃən, kənˈsumər ˈædvəˌkeɪts hæv kəmˈpleɪnd əˈbaʊt ˌɪmˈprɑpər fiz ənd ˈsərvɪsər mɪˈsteɪks ðət lɛd tɪ fɔrˈkloʊʒər fər jɪrz. "ˈgɪvɪn ðət sin ə ˈmæsɪv ˈfeɪljər ɪn ˈsərvɪsɪŋ ˈpræktɪsɪz ənd ə ˈmæsɪv ˈfeɪljər tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˈsərvɪsɪŋ ɪn ən ˈɑnəst weɪ, aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt," sɪz ˈʤɑˌʃuə ˈrɑsnər, ə ˈmænəʤɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər æt græm ˈfɪʃər koʊ., ənd ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ˈkrɪtɪk əv ðə juz. ˈmɔrgɪʤ system…*… [ˈɛmfəsɪs ˈædɪd] ˌɪnˈsərtɪd frəm <ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst> ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl goʊz ɔn tɪ ˈænəˌlaɪz ðə əˈbjuzɪz ənd ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt ɪn fɑr ˈgreɪtər ˈditeɪl, soʊ aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ˈklɪkɪŋ θru tɪ rɛd ðə ɪnˈtaɪər pis. həz nɑt jɛt weɪd ɪn ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu.

chancellor carol christ announced a new commission on thursday to assess ways to better handle campus free speech situations like the canceled “free speech week.” in a email, christ said the intent of the new task force is to address the controversy that free speech issues have caused on campus, as well as to examine the “complex set of issues and propose solutions.” the commission will be comprised of students, staff, faculty and administrators. the commission is still in the very early stages of development, according to campus spokesperson dan, and more information will be released in the coming weeks. added that the chancellor is still finalizing the objectives and exact membership makeup. “the team must be willing to balance the law and the needs of our students,” senator said in a text message. “free speech is important, but controversial speakers have proven their intention to cause unnecessary chaos. we cannot let this continue, as (free speech week) directly blocked the education of so many students who felt unsafe to attend class.” cal berkeley democrats president nason said in a text message that he feels the formation of a task force will help the campus to receive input but that the results of such efforts will always remain the same. nason added that the campus has begun to attract outsiders, some of whom have engaged in violence in past protests. according to mike wright, of conservative student publication the berkeley patriot and one of the free speech week organizers, he has no knowledge of attempts made by the campus to reach the publication regarding the commission. although is currently unaware of how involved the will be, she said she believes that student representation must play an integral role in the commission. “if we desire a safe campus, we must act as a community, challenging systems and laws that allow for violence and parallel speech,” said in a text message. contact mark henry at [email protected] and follow him on twitter at @salupen_markdc.

ˈʧænsələr ˈkɛrəl kraɪst əˈnaʊnst ə nu kəˈmɪʃən ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ tɪ əˈsɛs weɪz tɪ ˈbɛtər ˈhændəl ˈkæmpəs fri spiʧ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz laɪk ðə ˈkænsəld spiʧ week.”*.” ɪn ə iˈmeɪl, kraɪst sɛd ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnt əv ðə nu tæsk fɔrs ɪz tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi ðət fri spiʧ ˈɪʃuz hæv kɔzd ɔn ˈkæmpəs, ɛz wɛl ɛz tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə sɛt əv ˈɪʃuz ənd prəˈpoʊz solutions.”*.” ðə kəˈmɪʃən wɪl bi kəmˈpraɪzd əv ˈstudənts, stæf, ˈfækəlti ənd ædˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtərz. ðə kəˈmɪʃən ɪz stɪl ɪn ðə ˈvɛri ˈərli ˈsteɪʤɪz əv dɪˈvɛləpmənt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈkæmpəs ˈspoʊkspərsən dæn, ənd mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪl bi riˈlist ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ wiks. ˈædɪd ðət ðə ˈʧænsələr ɪz stɪl ˈfaɪnəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðə əˈbʤɛktɪvz ənd ɪgˈzækt ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ˈmeɪˌkəp. tim məst bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈbæləns ðə lɔ ənd ðə nidz əv ɑr students,”*,” ˈsɛnətər sɛd ɪn ə tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤ. spiʧ ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, bət ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈspikərz hæv ˈpruvən ðɛr ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən tɪ kɔz ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri keɪɑs. wi ˈkænɑt lɛt ðɪs kənˈtɪnju, ɛz (fri spiʧ wik) dɪˈrɛkli blɑkt ðə ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən əv soʊ ˈmɛni ˈstudənts hu fɛlt ənˈseɪf tɪ əˈtɛnd class.”*.” kæl ˈbərkli ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈnæsən sɛd ɪn ə tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤ ðət hi filz ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ə tæsk fɔrs wɪl hɛlp ðə ˈkæmpəs tɪ rɪˈsiv ˈɪnˌpʊt bət ðət ðə rɪˈzəlts əv səʧ ˈɛfərts wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈmeɪn ðə seɪm. ˈnæsən ˈædɪd ðət ðə ˈkæmpəs həz ˈbeɪgən tɪ əˈtrækt aʊtˈsaɪdərz, səm əv hum hæv ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈvaɪələns ɪn pæst ˈproʊˌtɛsts. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ maɪk raɪt, əv kənˈsərvətɪv ˈstudənt ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən ðə ˈbərkli ˈpeɪtriət ənd wən əv ðə fri spiʧ wik ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz, hi həz noʊ ˈnɑlɪʤ əv əˈtɛmpts meɪd baɪ ðə ˈkæmpəs tɪ riʧ ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə kəˈmɪʃən. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪz ˈkərəntli ˌənəˈwɛr əv haʊ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ðə wɪl bi, ʃi sɛd ʃi bɪˈlivz ðət ˈstudənt ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən məst pleɪ ən ˈɪnəgrəl roʊl ɪn ðə kəˈmɪʃən. wi dɪˈzaɪər ə seɪf ˈkæmpəs, wi məst ækt ɛz ə kəmˈjunɪti, ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz ənd lɔz ðət əˈlaʊ fər ˈvaɪələns ənd ˈpɛrəˌlɛl speech,”*,” sɛd ɪn ə tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤ. ˈkɑnˌtækt mɑrk ˈhɛnri æt [iˈmeɪl prəˈtɛktɪd] ənd ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər æt @salupen_markdc*.

sen. john mccain john sidney lobbyists worry trump lags in k street fundraising mark kelly kicks off senate bid: ‘a mission to lift up hardworking arizonans’ gabbard hits back at meghan mccain after fight over assad more (r-ariz.) in a new interview criticized former democratic presidential nominee hillary clinton hillary diane rodham clintonread: cohen testimony alleges trump knew stone talked with about dnc emails county in minnesota shares image comparing sanders to hitler holder: 'time to make the electoral college a vestige of the past' more for writing her memoir so soon after the 2016 election. “what’s the point? keep the fight up?” mccain asked in an interview with esquire. “history will judge that campaign, and always a period of time before they do. got to move on. this is problem right now: she have anything to do.” advertisement clinton published her memoir, “what happened,” in september, less than a year after her surprise loss to president trump. the former secretary of state has since taken to the speaking circuit to promote the book and reflect on the 2016 presidential race. mccain, who lost the 2008 presidential election to then-sen. barack obama barack hussein next mayor will be a black woman obama portraits brought more than 1 million visitors to national portrait gallery in first year with low birth rate, america needs future migrants more (d-ill.), also told esquire that the most difficult thing to do after losing an election “is to just shut up.” “one of the almost irresistible impulses you have when you lose is to somehow justify why you lost and how you were mistreated: ‘i did the right thing! i did!’” mccain said. “the hardest thing to do is to just shut up.”

sɛn. ʤɑn məˈkeɪn ʤɑn ˈsɪdni ˈlɑbiɪsts ˈwəri trəmp lægz ɪn keɪ strit ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ mɑrk ˈkɛli kɪks ɔf ˈsɛnɪt bɪd: ˈmɪʃən tɪ lɪft əp ˈhɑrdˌwərkɪŋ arizonans’*’ gəˈbɑrd hɪts bæk æt ˈmɛgən məˈkeɪn ˈæftər faɪt ˈoʊvər əˈsɑd mɔr (r-ariz*.) ɪn ə nu ˈɪntərvˌju ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ˈfɔrmər ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌnɑməˈni ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ˈhɪləri daɪæn ˈrɔdəm clintonread*: koʊən ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni əˈlɛʤɪz trəmp nu stoʊn tɔkt wɪθ əˈbaʊt ˈdiˌɛnˌsi iˈmeɪlz ˈkaʊnti ɪn ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ʃɛrz ˈɪmɪʤ kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˈsændərz tɪ ˈhɪtlər ˈhoʊldər: 'taɪm tɪ meɪk ðə ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkɑlɪʤ ə ˈvɛstɪʤ əv ðə pæst' mɔr fər ˈraɪtɪŋ hər ˈmɛmˌwɑr soʊ sun ˈæftər ðə 2016 ɪˈlɛkʃən. ðə pɔɪnt? kip ðə faɪt up?”*?” məˈkeɪn æst ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈɛskˌwaɪr. wɪl ʤəʤ ðət kæmˈpeɪn, ənd ˈɔlˌweɪz ə ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ du. gɑt tɪ muv ɔn. ðɪs ɪz ˈprɑbləm raɪt naʊ: ʃi hæv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ do.”*.” ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈklɪntən ˈpəblɪʃt hər ˈmɛmˌwɑr, happened,”*,” ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, lɛs ðən ə jɪr ˈæftər hər səˈpraɪz lɔs tɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp. ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt həz sɪns ˈteɪkən tɪ ðə ˈspikɪŋ ˈsərkət tɪ prəˈmoʊt ðə bʊk ənd rɪˈflɛkt ɔn ðə 2016 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl reɪs. məˈkeɪn, hu lɔst ðə 2008 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən tɪ then-sen*. ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈbɑrək huˈseɪn nɛkst meɪər wɪl bi ə blæk ˈwʊmən ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈpɔrtrəts brɔt mɔr ðən 1 ˈmɪljən ˈvɪzɪtərz tɪ ˈnæʃənəl ˈpɔrtrət ˈgæləri ɪn fərst jɪr wɪθ loʊ bərθ reɪt, əˈmɛrɪkə nidz fˈjuʧər ˈmaɪgrənts mɔr (d-ill*.), ˈɔlsoʊ toʊld ˈɛskˌwaɪr ðət ðə moʊst ˈdɪfəkəlt θɪŋ tɪ du ˈæftər ˈluzɪŋ ən ɪˈlɛkʃən tɪ ʤɪst ʃət up.”*.” əv ðə ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl ˌɪmˈpəlsɪz ju hæv wɪn ju luz ɪz tɪ ˈsəmˌhaʊ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ waɪ ju lɔst ənd haʊ ju wər mɪˈstritɪd: dɪd ðə raɪt θɪŋ! aɪ did!’”*!’” məˈkeɪn sɛd. ˈhɑrdəst θɪŋ tɪ du ɪz tɪ ʤɪst ʃət up.”*.”

last year, theatre owners and exhibitors in pakistan temporarily stopped screening indian films after pakistani and technicians were banned by the indian motion pictures producers’ association (imppa) from in india. the controversial move was taken in the wake of political tension between india and pakistan, post the uri (jammu and kashmir) attacks in september. however, earlier this year, pakistan lifted the ban on indian films and began screening them in the country. and a few days ago, local distributors from the neighbouring nation apparently requested for (2016) to be released there. khan and the team were “absolutely okay” with that, especially since pakistani audiences have always loved hindi films and indian actors. aamir was surprised with the demands of the pakistan censor board to omit the scenes featuring the indian flag and playing the national anthem. ( you tube ) however, hindustan times has learnt that the release of the film go through when a “surprising” demand came in from the other side of the border. a source says, “when the film went to the pakistan censor board, they were fine with it except for two particular scenes towards the end one in which the indian flag is shown and another in which the indian national anthem is played after (played by fatima sana shaikh) wins the gold medal. the pakistan censors wanted the scenes to be edited out before they gave the green signal,” says an insider. dangal is the hindi movie biggest blockbuster with over 385 at the indian box office. ( you tube ) but who is also the producer of the film felt that the “demand for the two cuts was surprising, because the film jingoistic in nature”. the source says, “it’s a with no direct or indirect reference to pakistan. the film only highlights nationalistic sentiment, so what is the reason to chop off those scenes?” aamir then decided that the film would not be released in pakistan. is the hindi movie biggest blockbuster with over 385 at the indian box office. “it will result in an economic loss to the tune of, as pakistan is an important international territory money, but he willing to edit the scenes in question. he is aware that not releasing the film could lead to piracy, but he is sure about what he do,” adds the source. we tried to reach, but he was not available for comment till the time of going to press. but his spokesperson confirmed the news without divulging further details. watch the promo of- first published: 06, 2017

læst jɪr, ˈθiətər ˈoʊnərz ənd ɪgˈzɪbətərz ɪn ˈpækɪˌstæn ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli stɑpt ˈskrinɪŋ ˈɪndiən fɪlmz ˈæftər ˌpækɪˈstæni ənd tɛkˈnɪʃənz wər bænd baɪ ðə ˈɪndiən ˈmoʊʃən ˈpɪkʧərz producers’*’ əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən (imppa*) frəm ɪn ˈɪndiə. ðə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl muv wɑz ˈteɪkən ɪn ðə weɪk əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈtɛnʃən bɪtˈwin ˈɪndiə ənd ˈpækɪˌstæn, poʊst ðə ˈjəri (ʤəˈmu ənd ˈkæʃmɪr) əˈtæks ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr, ˈpækɪˌstæn ˈlɪftɪd ðə bæn ɔn ˈɪndiən fɪlmz ənd bɪˈgæn ˈskrinɪŋ ðɛm ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. ənd ə fju deɪz əˈgoʊ, ˈloʊkəl dɪˈstrɪbjətərz frəm ðə ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈneɪʃən əˈpɛrəntli rɪkˈwɛstɪd fər 2016 tɪ bi riˈlist ðɛr. kɑn ənd ðə tim wər okay”*” wɪθ ðət, əˈspɛʃəli sɪns ˌpækɪˈstæni ˈɔdiənsəz hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz ləvd ˈhɪndi fɪlmz ənd ˈɪndiən ˈæktərz. wɑz səˈpraɪzd wɪθ ðə dɪˈmændz əv ðə ˈpækɪˌstæn ˈsɛnsər bɔrd tɪ oʊˈmɪt ðə sinz ˈfiʧərɪŋ ðə ˈɪndiən flæg ənd pleɪɪŋ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm. ju tub ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈhɪnduˌstæn taɪmz həz lərnt ðət ðə riˈlis əv ðə fɪlm goʊ θru wɪn ə ““surprising”*” dɪˈmænd keɪm ɪn frəm ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv ðə ˈbɔrdər. ə sɔrs sɪz, ðə fɪlm wɛnt tɪ ðə ˈpækɪˌstæn ˈsɛnsər bɔrd, ðeɪ wər faɪn wɪθ ɪt ɪkˈsɛpt fər tu ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr sinz təˈwɔrdz ðə ɛnd wən ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈɪndiən flæg ɪz ʃoʊn ənd əˈnəðər ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈɪndiən ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm ɪz pleɪd ˈæftər (pleɪd baɪ ˈfæθɪmə ˈsɑnə ʃeɪk) wɪnz ðə goʊld ˈmɛdəl. ðə ˈpækɪˌstæn ˈsɛnsərz ˈwɔntɪd ðə sinz tɪ bi ˈɛdɪtɪd aʊt ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ geɪv ðə grin signal,”*,” sɪz ən ˌɪnˈsaɪdər. ɪz ðə ˈhɪndi ˈmuvi ˈbɪgəst ˈblɑkˌbəstər wɪθ ˈoʊvər 385 æt ðə ˈɪndiən bɑks ˈɔfəs. ju tub bət hu ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə prəˈdusər əv ðə fɪlm fɛlt ðət ðə fər ðə tu kəts wɑz səˈpraɪzɪŋ, bɪˈkəz ðə fɪlm ʤɪŋgoʊˈɪstɪk ɪn nature”*”. ðə sɔrs sɪz, ə wɪθ noʊ dɪˈrɛkt ər ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ˈpækɪˌstæn. ðə fɪlm ˈoʊnli ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ˌnæʃənəˈlɪstɪk ˈsɛnəmənt, soʊ wət ɪz ðə ˈrizən tɪ ʧɑp ɔf ðoʊz scenes?”*?” ðɛn ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət ðə fɪlm wʊd nɑt bi riˈlist ɪn ˈpækɪˌstæn. ɪz ðə ˈhɪndi ˈmuvi ˈbɪgəst ˈblɑkˌbəstər wɪθ ˈoʊvər 385 æt ðə ˈɪndiən bɑks ˈɔfəs. wɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk lɔs tɪ ðə tun əv, ɛz ˈpækɪˌstæn ɪz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ˈməni, bət hi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈɛdət ðə sinz ɪn kˈwɛʃən. hi ɪz əˈwɛr ðət nɑt riˈlisɪŋ ðə fɪlm kʊd lɛd tɪ ˈpaɪrəsi, bət hi ɪz ʃʊr əˈbaʊt wət hi do,”*,” ædz ðə sɔrs. wi traɪd tɪ riʧ, bət hi wɑz nɑt əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈkɑmɛnt tɪl ðə taɪm əv goʊɪŋ tɪ prɛs. bət hɪz ˈspoʊkspərsən kənˈfərmd ðə nuz wɪˈθaʊt dɪˈvəlʤɪŋ ˈfərðər ˈditeɪlz. wɔʧ ðə ˈproʊˌmoʊ əv- fərst ˈpəblɪʃt: 06 2017

i was teased by my present for a whole 24 hours as i came home to a fedex slip on wednesday night. by thursday, i was bubbling with excitement, and the presents did not disappoint! i had done a little internet stalking of my giver as he had me to tell me it was on its way to me last week. a geek who loved tattoos, star wars, harry potter and reading? this was either going to go really, really well or really, really badly as those four things are pretty much at the top of my own interests. wrapped individually, with old string closures and lots of detail, my box unfolded on itself. a star wars lunch box surrounded by green, red and white tissue paper. a card atop more tissue wrapped things inside telling me not to open until i'd unwrapped everything. and then. there it was. coffee beans roasted with maker's mark. and a handcrafted, orange metal ornament. my wrote a card admitting to some of his own. (it's the internet after all - that's what we do.) given that i frequently tweet my love of bourbon and regularly tweet about my boyfriend, coffee, matt could not have picked better gifts for me. and the vehicle of delivery? a metal star wars like i had when i was a kid? he wins all my up votes today! i my present immediately with lots of and squee'ing. a girlfriend's comment to the picture was "it's you in present form!" and she could not have been more right! thanks matt!

aɪ wɑz tizd baɪ maɪ ˈprɛzənt fər ə hoʊl 24 aʊərz ɛz aɪ keɪm hoʊm tɪ ə ˈfɛˈdɛks slɪp ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt. baɪ ˈθərzˌdeɪ, aɪ wɑz ˈbəbəlɪŋ wɪθ ɪkˈsaɪtmənt, ənd ðə ˈprɛzənts dɪd nɑt ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt! aɪ hæd dən ə ˈlɪtəl ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈstɔkɪŋ əv maɪ ˈgɪvər ɛz hi hæd mi tɪ tɛl mi ɪt wɑz ɔn ɪts weɪ tɪ mi læst wik. ə gik hu ləvd ˌtæˈtuz, stɑr wɔrz, ˈhɛri ˈpɑtər ənd ˈrɛdɪŋ? ðɪs wɑz ˈiðər goʊɪŋ tɪ goʊ ˈrɪli, ˈrɪli wɛl ər ˈrɪli, ˈrɪli ˈbædli ɛz ðoʊz fɔr θɪŋz ər ˈprɪti məʧ æt ðə tɔp əv maɪ oʊn ˈɪntərɪsts. ræpt ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli, wɪθ oʊld strɪŋ ˈkloʊʒərz ənd lɑts əv ˈditeɪl, maɪ bɑks ənˈfoʊldəd ɔn ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ə stɑr wɔrz lənʧ bɑks sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ grin, rɛd ənd waɪt ˈtɪʃu ˈpeɪpər. ə kɑrd əˈtɑp mɔr ˈtɪʃu ræpt θɪŋz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈtɛlɪŋ mi nɑt tɪ ˈoʊpən ənˈtɪl aɪd ənˈræpt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. ənd ðɛn. ðɛr ɪt wɑz. ˈkɔfi binz ˈroʊstɪd wɪθ ˈmeɪkərz mɑrk. ənd ə ˈhændˌkræftɪd, ˈɔrɪnʤ ˈmɛtəl ˈɔrnəmənt. maɪ roʊt ə kɑrd ədˈmɪtɪŋ tɪ səm əv hɪz oʊn. (ɪts ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈæftər ɔl ðæts wət wi du.) ˈgɪvɪn ðət aɪ ˈfrikwɛntli twit maɪ ləv əv ˈbərbən ənd ˈrɛgjələrli twit əˈbaʊt maɪ ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd, ˈkɔfi, mæt kʊd nɑt hæv pɪkt ˈbɛtər gɪfts fər mi. ənd ðə ˈviɪkəl əv dɪˈlɪvəri? ə ˈmɛtəl stɑr wɔrz laɪk aɪ hæd wɪn aɪ wɑz ə kɪd? hi wɪnz ɔl maɪ əp voʊts təˈdeɪ! aɪ maɪ ˈprɛzənt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli wɪθ lɑts əv ənd squee'ing*. ə ˈgərlˌfrɛndz ˈkɑmɛnt tɪ ðə ˈpɪkʧər wɑz "ɪts ju ɪn ˈprɛzənt fɔrm!" ənd ʃi kʊd nɑt hæv bɪn mɔr raɪt! θæŋks mæt!

yesterday i received my january subscription box! this is a brand new indie subscription box from the indie brand. i have purchased from in the past and was very pleased with the products i bought, the inspiration behind their themes, and their fast tat. the subscription has limited slots so i'm very happy i was able to snag one! here is some addition information about the sub from's website: ephemera is a word of greek origin that signifies something being of a short-lived nature, making it a perfect name for this offering. each month will include a range of mini jar sizes of brand new, exclusively products, featuring a specific theme. boxes will also include a sneak peek (or peeks) from upcoming product releases. the themed subscription products are exclusive to your monthly box, meaning that they will not be available at a later date for members to purchase. my box shipped on january 2 and arrived on the 5th. the price of the subscription is $17.99 with shipping for domestic subscribers. * disclaimer: all products purchased with my own money unless otherwise stated. thoughts and opinions are 100% my own. * this month's theme was narnia: the lion, the witch, and the wardrobe by c.s. lewis. i happen to love both the books and the films so i was happy with this theme! not included in this photo is the sample perfume vial from ten three labs, a sample blush from an upcoming collection, and some candy that didn't survive the wait for swatches :p i think the packaging and labels of the products are cute. when i got it, this box was wrapped in a pretty ice blue bow. the box comes with a shadow guide explaining the products received and monthly theme. from left to right: the white witch, 100 years of winter, pale as icing sugar, enchanted turkish delight (swatched heavily, blended out). from left to right: the white witch, 100 years of winter, pale as icing sugar, enchanted turkish delight (swatched heavily, blended out). the white witch is a pale aqua shimmer with gold duochrome. i am always drawn to shades like these, they are just so pretty! reminds me of notoriously wayward son. this color would pair well with the new shadow very well. 100 years of winter is a smooth greened brown with white sparkles. very accurate description, the white sparkles can almost look at times. i can see his shade being used in conjunction with a lot of different shades so i feel like i'll get a lot of use out of this one as a crease shade to deepen up looks. pale as icing sugar is a metallic taupe. here i've swatched it two ways as it is described as a product from shadow or face highlight. i particularly like how it looks blended out so i'm excited to try it out as highlight shade. i can see skin tones using this as a very easy inner corner highlight shadow. enchanted turkish delight is described as a winter berry with a teal glow. i didn't really see the teal glow in real life or in these photos but it still is a pretty blush. it's one of those shades that makes me you look naturally flushed, like you have been outside in the cold. in my box i also samples from two guest brands - ten three labs and dreamworld hermetica. i am a huge fan of dreamworld so i was excited to see they would be participating this month. i got a clamshell sample of their new liquid lipstick. witches heart is a metallic burnt orange with pink shimmer. this shade is so pretty! such an interesting lipstick shade. i haven't tried it on my lips yet but i'm so stoked to test it out. it was actually quite difficult to get off my arm so i get the impression that it may have a longer wear time. final thoughts: i really enjoyed the concept behind this month's box. the were all fairly which went with the theme well. my favorites were pale as icing sugar and the lipstick sample. i may pass along the white witch as i have several similar shades. if i'm being completely honest, i wasn't wowed by this month's box but i am looking forward to next month's sub box. i know does some amazing and purples so i hope we will see some more of those in the next coming months!

ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ aɪ rɪˈsivd maɪ ˈʤænjuˌɛri səbˈskrɪpʃən bɑks! ðɪs ɪz ə brænd nu ˈɪndi səbˈskrɪpʃən bɑks frəm ðə ˈɪndi brænd. aɪ hæv ˈpərʧəst frəm ɪn ðə pæst ənd wɑz ˈvɛri plizd wɪθ ðə ˈprɑdəkts aɪ bɔt, ðə ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən bɪˈhaɪnd ðɛr θimz, ənd ðɛr fæst tæt. ðə səbˈskrɪpʃən həz ˈlɪmɪtɪd slɑts soʊ əm ˈvɛri ˈhæpi aɪ wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ snæg wən! hir ɪz səm əˈdɪʃən ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə səb frəm ˈwɛbˌsaɪt: ɪz ə wərd əv grik ˈɔrəʤən ðət ˈsɪgnəˌfaɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ biɪŋ əv ə ˌʃɔrˈtlɪvd ˈneɪʧər, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ə ˈpərˌfɪkt neɪm fər ðɪs ˈɔfərɪŋ. iʧ mənθ wɪl ˌɪnˈklud ə reɪnʤ əv ˈmɪni ʤɑr ˈsaɪzɪz əv brænd nu, ɪkˈsklusɪvli ˈprɑdəkts, ˈfiʧərɪŋ ə spɪˈsɪfɪk θim. ˈbɑksɪz wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈklud ə snik pik (ər piks) frəm ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈprɑdəkt rɪˈlisɪz. ðə θimd səbˈskrɪpʃən ˈprɑdəkts ər ɪkˈsklusɪv tɪ jʊr ˈmənθli bɑks, ˈminɪŋ ðət ðeɪ wɪl nɑt bi əˈveɪləbəl æt ə ˈleɪtər deɪt fər ˈmɛmbərz tɪ ˈpərʧəs. maɪ bɑks ʃɪpt ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2 ənd əraɪvd ɔn ðə 5th*. ðə praɪs əv ðə səbˈskrɪpʃən ɪz wɪθ ˈʃɪpɪŋ fər dəˈmɛstɪk səbˈskraɪbərz. dɪˈskleɪmər: ɔl ˈprɑdəkts ˈpərʧəst wɪθ maɪ oʊn ˈməni ənˈlɛs ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈsteɪtɪd. θɔts ənd əˈpɪnjənz ər 100 maɪ oʊn. ðɪs mənθs θim wɑz ˈnɑrˌniɑ: ðə laɪən, ðə wɪʧ, ənd ðə ˈwɔrˌdroʊb baɪ siz. luɪs. aɪ ˈhæpən tɪ ləv boʊθ ðə bʊks ənd ðə fɪlmz soʊ aɪ wɑz ˈhæpi wɪθ ðɪs θim! nɑt ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðɪs ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɪz ðə ˈsæmpəl pərfˈjum vaɪəl frəm tɛn θri læbz, ə ˈsæmpəl bləʃ frəm ən ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ kəˈlɛkʃən, ənd səm ˈkændi ðət ˈdɪdənt sərˈvaɪv ðə weɪt fər sˈwɑʧɪz :pi aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˈpækɪʤɪŋ ənd ˈleɪbəlz əv ðə ˈprɑdəkts ər kjut. wɪn aɪ gɑt ɪt, ðɪs bɑks wɑz ræpt ɪn ə ˈprɪti aɪs blu boʊ. ðə bɑks kəmz wɪθ ə ˈʃæˌdoʊ gaɪd ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðə ˈprɑdəkts rɪˈsivd ənd ˈmənθli θim. frəm lɛft tɪ raɪt: ðə waɪt wɪʧ, 100 jɪrz əv ˈwɪntər, peɪl ɛz ˈaɪsɪŋ ˈʃʊgər, ɛnˈʧænɪd ˈtərkɪʃ dɪˈlaɪt (swɑʧt ˈhɛvəli, ˈblɛndɪd aʊt). frəm lɛft tɪ raɪt: ðə waɪt wɪʧ, 100 jɪrz əv ˈwɪntər, peɪl ɛz ˈaɪsɪŋ ˈʃʊgər, ɛnˈʧænɪd ˈtərkɪʃ dɪˈlaɪt (swɑʧt ˈhɛvəli, ˈblɛndɪd aʊt). ðə waɪt wɪʧ ɪz ə peɪl ˈɑkwə ˈʃɪmər wɪθ goʊld duochrome*. aɪ æm ˈɔlˌweɪz drɔn tɪ ʃeɪdz laɪk ðiz, ðeɪ ər ʤɪst soʊ ˈprɪti! riˈmaɪndz mi əv noʊˈtɔriəsli ˈweɪwərd sən. ðɪs ˈkələr wʊd pɛr wɛl wɪθ ðə nu ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈvɛri wɛl. 100 jɪrz əv ˈwɪntər ɪz ə smuð grind braʊn wɪθ waɪt ˈspɑrkəlz. ˈvɛri ˈækjərət dɪˈskrɪpʃən, ðə waɪt ˈspɑrkəlz kən ˈɔlˌmoʊst lʊk æt taɪmz. aɪ kən si hɪz ʃeɪd biɪŋ juzd ɪn kənˈʤəŋkʃən wɪθ ə lɔt əv ˈdɪfərənt ʃeɪdz soʊ aɪ fil laɪk aɪl gɪt ə lɔt əv juz aʊt əv ðɪs wən ɛz ə kris ʃeɪd tɪ ˈdipən əp lʊks. peɪl ɛz ˈaɪsɪŋ ˈʃʊgər ɪz ə məˈtælɪk taupe*. hir aɪv swɑʧt ɪt tu weɪz ɛz ɪt ɪz dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə ˈprɑdəkt frəm ˈʃæˌdoʊ ər feɪs ˈhaɪˌlaɪt. aɪ ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli laɪk haʊ ɪt lʊks ˈblɛndɪd aʊt soʊ əm ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ traɪ ɪt aʊt ɛz ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ʃeɪd. aɪ kən si skɪn toʊnz ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs ɛz ə ˈvɛri ˈizi ˈɪnər ˈkɔrnər ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ˈʃæˌdoʊ. ɛnˈʧænɪd ˈtərkɪʃ dɪˈlaɪt ɪz dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə ˈwɪntər ˈbɛri wɪθ ə til gloʊ. aɪ ˈdɪdənt ˈrɪli si ðə til gloʊ ɪn ril laɪf ər ɪn ðiz ˈfoʊˌtoʊz bət ɪt stɪl ɪz ə ˈprɪti bləʃ. ɪts wən əv ðoʊz ʃeɪdz ðət meɪks mi ju lʊk ˈnæʧərəli fləʃt, laɪk ju hæv bɪn ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ɪn ðə koʊld. ɪn maɪ bɑks aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsæmpəlz frəm tu gɛst brændz tɛn θri læbz ənd ˈdrimˌwərld hermetica*. aɪ æm ə juʤ fæn əv ˈdrimˌwərld soʊ aɪ wɑz ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ si ðeɪ wʊd bi pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ðɪs mənθ. aɪ gɑt ə ˈklæmˌʃɛl ˈsæmpəl əv ðɛr nu ˈlɪkwɪd ˈlɪpˌstɪk. ˈwɪʧɪz hɑrt ɪz ə məˈtælɪk bərnt ˈɔrɪnʤ wɪθ pɪŋk ˈʃɪmər. ðɪs ʃeɪd ɪz soʊ ˈprɪti! səʧ ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈlɪpˌstɪk ʃeɪd. aɪ ˈhævənt traɪd ɪt ɔn maɪ lɪps jɛt bət əm soʊ stoʊkt tɪ tɛst ɪt aʊt. ɪt wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli kwaɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ gɪt ɔf maɪ ɑrm soʊ aɪ gɪt ðə ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ðət ɪt meɪ hæv ə ˈlɔŋgər wɛr taɪm. ˈfaɪnəl θɔts: aɪ ˈrɪli ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt bɪˈhaɪnd ðɪs mənθs bɑks. ðə wər ɔl ˈfɛrli wɪʧ wɛnt wɪθ ðə θim wɛl. maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪts wər peɪl ɛz ˈaɪsɪŋ ˈʃʊgər ənd ðə ˈlɪpˌstɪk ˈsæmpəl. aɪ meɪ pæs əˈlɔŋ ðə waɪt wɪʧ ɛz aɪ hæv ˈsɛvərəl ˈsɪmələr ʃeɪdz. ɪf əm biɪŋ kəmˈplitli ˈɑnəst, aɪ ˈwəzənt waʊd baɪ ðɪs mənθs bɑks bət aɪ æm ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ nɛkst mənθs səb bɑks. aɪ noʊ dɪz səm əˈmeɪzɪŋ ənd ˈpərpəlz soʊ aɪ hoʊp wi wɪl si səm mɔr əv ðoʊz ɪn ðə nɛkst ˈkəmɪŋ mənθs!

the following is an interview that will appear in the book how to prove god does not exist by trevor treharne, to be released in september by universal publishers. what is the fundamental conflict between science and religion? is it one that will never be resolved? the two have opposing views on what constitutes reality. science finds no need to include any substance beside matter in order to describe our observations of the world. religion holds that there is a world beyond matter. religion claims it has a way of obtaining knowledge that is separate from the scientific method of observation and experiment. the religious believe that we have an inner faculty of some sort that enables us to learn about the world, the universe, and reality without such observation. it is hard to see the two ever resolving this conflict. one of your more recent books, the fallacy of, is certainly a timely one based on how common that argument is currently proving. what is your summary on what is wrong with the arguments? as i have said before, the universe is not for are to the universe. i claim that the statements made about are not accurate. when talk about something being to one part in ten or a hundred orders of magnitude, they are simply incorrect. if you look more closely at the physics and cosmology, you will see that there is plenty of room to vary their various parameters and still maintain some kind of life. our form of life is certainly sensitive to the parameters and if the parameters of the universe were different, our form of life wouldn't exist; i agree with that. but our form of life is not the only form of life one can imagine. two rather traditional arguments still persevere amongst today, firstly that "something" could not come from "nothing"... when tackling this question in the past, i was often forced into a philosophical discussion on defining what one means by nothing. once you define it, give it some property, then it becomes "something." so, i don't really know how you define "nothing," when you start talking philosophically. the way i handle that question now, which is consistent with all existing knowledge of cosmology and physics, is that the universe is eternal. it didn't come from nothing, or something for that matter, because it always existed and it always will. our universe began with the big bang. i don't dispute that, but it could have come from an earlier universe and there are proposals available in by reputable scientists, published in reputable journals, and fully worked out provide scenarios for how our universe could have come from an earlier universe. they don't prove it really happened that way. however, they serve to refute any claim that our universe had to be created ex nihilo. and secondly, how can "order" come from "disorder"... that's an easy one since you don't have to rely on complex biological arguments. you can go back to simple physics and look at something like water. water appears in three phases: gas, liquid, and solid. if you are out in space or in a polar region, then the natural state of water is solid--ice. but that occurs only after water vapor, which is a gas, is condensed into liquid water, which is then frozen into ice. that original vapor has little structure and is about as simple as it could be. then when it becomes a liquid, it develops some structure but can still flow and change shape. finally, when it becomes solid ice it has considerable layers and so forth. so, there is this tendency in nature, in physics, for physical substances to go from simplicity to complexity. that is actually the natural trend of physical processes. much is made of christian apologist william lane craig today, yet your debate in hawaii seemed to set him straight on several of his arguments, in particular his first cause argument. what do you make of his challenge? i've debated william lane craig a couple of times. i've written about his views, he has reviewed one of my books, and i have also spoken to him personally a number of times. so, we have had a fair amount of interaction. he is basically a very minded christian theologian and philosopher. he uses a lot of arguments, but they don't hold water. they are already ruled out by existing science. "science flies you to the moon. religion flies you into buildings" - what reaction has that view garnered since you suggested it? what made you think of it? i sent it into richard dawkins when he was trying to come up with bus slogans. he was delighted with it and said it was the best one he had received. other people have picked up on it since, so it has worked out pretty well. it is one of those sound bites which people have made use of. what do you define as what is new about the new atheism? when my book the new atheism: taking a stand for science and reason came out in 2009, i took a lot of flak from atheists who resented that all the work they had done promoting atheism, secularism, and humanism was not fully recognized. but there was a difference. when, starting in 2006, a whole series of bestsellers appeared by sam harris, richard dawkins, daniel dennett, christopher hitchens, and myself, these all got a lot of attention. in the new atheism, i was focusing on those works and asking what it was about these bestsellers that were different from the old atheism, which i did acknowledge. the difference was that we are far more uncompromising towards religion. the term "accommodationists" is used for the people who were saying that they wanted to promote atheism, humanism, and at the same time, we should respect the opinions of believers and, in particular, we shouldn't get into fights with them since we need their support for, say, the teaching of evolution in public schools. moderate christians tell us that they believe in evolution. but surveys show they really don't, since they claim evolution is god-guided, which isn't darwinian evolution. in darwinian evolution, humanity is an accident and that is unacceptable to christians. they sure as heck don't want that taught in school. scientists are very reluctant to criticize religion. they are afraid of a backlash that might affect scientific funding, which for a research scientist is critical. the new atheists understand that it makes sense to have as many friends as possible, but ultimately it came down to the fact that religious belief is based on magical thinking and ideas that cannot be supported empirically. this serves to retard the progress of science. there is a lot of built into the religious enterprise and we felt we had to take a strong stance and argue that when someone says something contrary to our best existing knowledge, whether religious or not, then we should not hesitate to respond to it. not that we have to call them fools or idiots, but we have to present an intellectual arguments that explain the flaws in their reasoning. we needed to come out and say something and not pussyfoot around it.

ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ən ˈɪntərvˌju ðət wɪl əˈpɪr ɪn ðə bʊk haʊ tɪ pruv gɑd dɪz nɑt ɪgˈzɪst baɪ ˈtrɛvər ˈtrɛhɑrn, tɪ bi riˈlist ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər baɪ ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈpəblɪʃərz. wət ɪz ðə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈkɑnflɪkt bɪtˈwin saɪəns ənd rɪˈlɪʤən? ɪz ɪt wən ðət wɪl ˈnɛvər bi riˈzɑlvd? ðə tu hæv əˈpoʊzɪŋ vjuz ɔn wət ˈkɑnstəˌtuts ˌriˈæləˌti. saɪəns faɪndz noʊ nid tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈɛni ˈsəbstəns ˌbiˈsaɪd ˈmætər ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ dɪˈskraɪb ɑr ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz əv ðə wərld. rɪˈlɪʤən hoʊldz ðət ðɛr ɪz ə wərld bɪɔnd ˈmætər. rɪˈlɪʤən kleɪmz ɪt həz ə weɪ əv əbˈteɪnɪŋ ˈnɑlɪʤ ðət ɪz ˈsɛpərˌeɪt frəm ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈmɛθəd əv ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən ənd ɪkˈspɛrəmənt. ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs bɪˈliv ðət wi hæv ən ˈɪnər ˈfækəlti əv səm sɔrt ðət ɪˈneɪbəlz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ lərn əˈbaʊt ðə wərld, ðə ˈjunəˌvərs, ənd ˌriˈæləˌti wɪˈθaʊt səʧ ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən. ɪt ɪz hɑrd tɪ si ðə tu ˈɛvər riˈzɑlvɪŋ ðɪs ˈkɑnflɪkt. wən əv jʊr mɔr ˈrisənt bʊks, ðə ˈfæləsi əv, ɪz ˈsərtənli ə ˈtaɪmli wən beɪst ɔn haʊ ˈkɑmən ðət ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈpruvɪŋ. wət ɪz jʊr ˈsəməri ɔn wət ɪz rɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts? ɛz aɪ hæv sɛd ˌbiˈfɔr, ðə ˈjunəˌvərs ɪz nɑt fər ər tɪ ðə ˈjunəˌvərs. aɪ kleɪm ðət ðə ˈsteɪtmənts meɪd əˈbaʊt ər nɑt ˈækjərət. wɪn tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈsəmθɪŋ biɪŋ tɪ wən pɑrt ɪn tɛn ər ə ˈhənərd ˈɔrdərz əv ˈmægnəˌtud, ðeɪ ər ˈsɪmpli ˌɪnkərˈɛkt. ɪf ju lʊk mɔr ˈkloʊsli æt ðə ˈfɪzɪks ənd kɔzˈmɔləʤi, ju wɪl si ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈplɛnti əv rum tɪ ˈvɛri ðɛr ˈvɛriəs pərˈæmətərz ənd stɪl meɪnˈteɪn səm kaɪnd əv laɪf. ɑr fɔrm əv laɪf ɪz ˈsərtənli ˈsɛnsɪtɪv tɪ ðə pərˈæmətərz ənd ɪf ðə pərˈæmətərz əv ðə ˈjunəˌvərs wər ˈdɪfərənt, ɑr fɔrm əv laɪf ˈwʊdənt ɪgˈzɪst; aɪ əˈgri wɪθ ðət. bət ɑr fɔrm əv laɪf ɪz nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli fɔrm əv laɪf wən kən ˌɪˈmæʤən. tu ˈrəðər trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈɑrgjəmənts stɪl pərsəˈvɪr əˈməŋst təˈdeɪ, ˈfərstli ðət "ˈsəmθɪŋ" kʊd nɑt kəm frəm "ˈnəθɪŋ"... wɪn ˈtækəlɪŋ ðɪs kˈwɛʃən ɪn ðə pæst, aɪ wɑz ˈɔfən fɔrst ˈɪntu ə ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl dɪˈskəʃən ɔn dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ wət wən minz baɪ ˈnəθɪŋ. wəns ju dɪˈfaɪn ɪt, gɪv ɪt səm ˈprɑpərti, ðɛn ɪt bɪˈkəmz "ˈsəmθɪŋ." soʊ, aɪ doʊnt ˈrɪli noʊ haʊ ju dɪˈfaɪn "ˈnəθɪŋ," wɪn ju stɑrt ˈtɔkɪŋ ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəli. ðə weɪ aɪ ˈhændəl ðət kˈwɛʃən naʊ, wɪʧ ɪz kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ɔl ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈnɑlɪʤ əv kɔzˈmɔləʤi ənd ˈfɪzɪks, ɪz ðət ðə ˈjunəˌvərs ɪz ɪˈtərnəl. ɪt ˈdɪdənt kəm frəm ˈnəθɪŋ, ər ˈsəmθɪŋ fər ðət ˈmætər, bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪgˈzɪstəd ənd ɪt ˈɔlˌweɪz wɪl. ɑr ˈjunəˌvərs bɪˈgæn wɪθ ðə bɪg bæŋ. aɪ doʊnt dɪˈspjut ðət, bət ɪt kʊd hæv kəm frəm ən ˈərliər ˈjunəˌvərs ənd ðɛr ər prəˈpoʊzəlz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn baɪ ˈrɛpjətəbəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts, ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˈrɛpjətəbəl ˈʤərnəlz, ənd ˈfʊli wərkt aʊt prəˈvaɪd sɪˈnɛrioʊz fər haʊ ɑr ˈjunəˌvərs kʊd hæv kəm frəm ən ˈərliər ˈjunəˌvərs. ðeɪ doʊnt pruv ɪt ˈrɪli ˈhæpənd ðət weɪ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðeɪ sərv tɪ rɪfˈjut ˈɛni kleɪm ðət ɑr ˈjunəˌvərs hæd tɪ bi kriˈeɪtɪd ɛks nihilo*. ənd ˈsɛkəndli, haʊ kən "ˈɔrdər" kəm frəm "dɪˈsɔrdər"... ðæts ən ˈizi wən sɪns ju doʊnt hæv tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈkɑmplɛks ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɑrgjəmənts. ju kən goʊ bæk tɪ ˈsɪmpəl ˈfɪzɪks ənd lʊk æt ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ˈwɔtər. ˈwɔtər əˈpɪrz ɪn θri ˈfeɪzɪz: gæs, ˈlɪkwɪd, ənd ˈsɑləd. ɪf ju ər aʊt ɪn speɪs ər ɪn ə ˈpoʊlər ˈriʤən, ðɛn ðə ˈnæʧərəl steɪt əv ˈwɔtər ɪz solid--ice*. bət ðət əˈkərz ˈoʊnli ˈæftər ˈwɔtər ˈveɪpər, wɪʧ ɪz ə gæs, ɪz kənˈdɛnst ˈɪntu ˈlɪkwɪd ˈwɔtər, wɪʧ ɪz ðɛn ˈfroʊzən ˈɪntu aɪs. ðət ərˈɪʤənəl ˈveɪpər həz ˈlɪtəl ˈstrəkʧər ənd ɪz əˈbaʊt ɛz ˈsɪmpəl ɛz ɪt kʊd bi. ðɛn wɪn ɪt bɪˈkəmz ə ˈlɪkwɪd, ɪt dɪˈvɛləps səm ˈstrəkʧər bət kən stɪl floʊ ənd ʧeɪnʤ ʃeɪp. ˈfaɪnəli, wɪn ɪt bɪˈkəmz ˈsɑləd aɪs ɪt həz kənˈsɪdərəbəl leɪərz ənd soʊ fɔrθ. soʊ, ðɛr ɪz ðɪs ˈtɛndənsi ɪn ˈneɪʧər, ɪn ˈfɪzɪks, fər ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈsəbstənsɪz tɪ goʊ frəm sɪmˈplɪsɪti tɪ kəmˈplɛksɪti. ðət ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ðə ˈnæʧərəl trɛnd əv ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈprɑsɛsəz. məʧ ɪz meɪd əv ˈkrɪsʧɪn əˈpɑləʤɪst ˈwɪljəm leɪn kreɪg təˈdeɪ, jɛt jʊr dəˈbeɪt ɪn həˈwaɪˌi simd tɪ sɛt ɪm streɪt ɔn ˈsɛvərəl əv hɪz ˈɑrgjəmənts, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr hɪz fərst kɔz ˈɑrgjəmənt. wət du ju meɪk əv hɪz ˈʧælənʤ? aɪv dəˈbeɪtɪd ˈwɪljəm leɪn kreɪg ə ˈkəpəl əv taɪmz. aɪv ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt hɪz vjuz, hi həz rivˈjud wən əv maɪ bʊks, ənd aɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈspoʊkən tɪ ɪm ˈpərsənəli ə ˈnəmbər əv taɪmz. soʊ, wi hæv hæd ə fɛr əˈmaʊnt əv ˌɪnərˈækʃən. hi ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli ə ˈvɛri ˈmaɪndɪd ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˌθiəˈloʊʤiən ənd fəˈlɑsəfər. hi ˈjuzɪz ə lɔt əv ˈɑrgjəmənts, bət ðeɪ doʊnt hoʊld ˈwɔtər. ðeɪ ər ɔˈrɛdi ruld aʊt baɪ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ saɪəns. "saɪəns flaɪz ju tɪ ðə mun. rɪˈlɪʤən flaɪz ju ˈɪntu ˈbɪldɪŋz" wət riˈækʃən həz ðət vju ˈgɑrnərd sɪns ju səˈʤɛstɪd ɪt? wət meɪd ju θɪŋk əv ɪt? aɪ sɛnt ɪt ˈɪntu ˈrɪʧərd ˈdɔkɪnz wɪn hi wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ kəm əp wɪθ bəs sˈloʊgənz. hi wɑz dɪˈlaɪtɪd wɪθ ɪt ənd sɛd ɪt wɑz ðə bɛst wən hi hæd rɪˈsivd. ˈəðər ˈpipəl hæv pɪkt əp ɔn ɪt sɪns, soʊ ɪt həz wərkt aʊt ˈprɪti wɛl. ɪt ɪz wən əv ðoʊz saʊnd baɪts wɪʧ ˈpipəl hæv meɪd juz əv. wət du ju dɪˈfaɪn ɛz wət ɪz nu əˈbaʊt ðə nu ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm? wɪn maɪ bʊk ðə nu ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm: ˈteɪkɪŋ ə stænd fər saɪəns ənd ˈrizən keɪm aʊt ɪn 2009 aɪ tʊk ə lɔt əv flæk frəm ˈeɪθiəsts hu riˈzɛnəd ðət ɔl ðə wərk ðeɪ hæd dən prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm, ˈsɛkjələrˌɪzəm, ənd ˈhjuməˌnɪzəm wɑz nɑt ˈfʊli ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd. bət ðɛr wɑz ə ˈdɪfərəns. wɪn, ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn 2006 ə hoʊl ˈsɪriz əv ˈbɛˈsɛlərz əˈpɪrd baɪ sæm ˈhɛrɪs, ˈrɪʧərd ˈdɔkɪnz, ˈdænjəl ˈdɛnɪt, ˈkrɪstəfər ˈhɪʧənz, ənd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, ðiz ɔl gɑt ə lɔt əv əˈtɛnʃən. ɪn ðə nu ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm, aɪ wɑz ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ðoʊz wərks ənd ˈæskɪŋ wət ɪt wɑz əˈbaʊt ðiz ˈbɛˈsɛlərz ðət wər ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðə oʊld ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm, wɪʧ aɪ dɪd ækˈnɑlɪʤ. ðə ˈdɪfərəns wɑz ðət wi ər fɑr mɔr ənˈkɑmprəmaɪzɪŋ təˈwɔrdz rɪˈlɪʤən. ðə tərm "accommodationists*" ɪz juzd fər ðə ˈpipəl hu wər seɪɪŋ ðət ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ prəˈmoʊt ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm, ˈhjuməˌnɪzəm, ənd æt ðə seɪm taɪm, wi ʃʊd rɪˈspɛkt ðə əˈpɪnjənz əv bɪˈlivərz ənd, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, wi ˈʃʊdənt gɪt ˈɪntu faɪts wɪθ ðɛm sɪns wi nid ðɛr səˈpɔrt fər, seɪ, ðə ˈtiʧɪŋ əv ˌɛvəˈluʃən ɪn ˈpəblɪk skulz. ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ˈkrɪsʧɪnz tɛl ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðeɪ bɪˈliv ɪn ˌɛvəˈluʃən. bət ˈsərˌveɪz ʃoʊ ðeɪ ˈrɪli doʊnt, sɪns ðeɪ kleɪm ˌɛvəˈluʃən ɪz god-guided*, wɪʧ ˈɪzənt ˌdɑrˈwɪniən ˌɛvəˈluʃən. ɪn ˌdɑrˈwɪniən ˌɛvəˈluʃən, juˈmænɪti ɪz ən ˈæksədənt ənd ðət ɪz ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl tɪ ˈkrɪsʧɪnz. ðeɪ ʃʊr ɛz hɛk doʊnt wɔnt ðət tɔt ɪn skul. ˈsaɪəntɪsts ər ˈvɛri rɪˈləktənt tɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz rɪˈlɪʤən. ðeɪ ər əˈfreɪd əv ə ˈbæˌklæʃ ðət maɪt əˈfɛkt ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈfəndɪŋ, wɪʧ fər ə ˈrisərʧ ˈsaɪəntɪst ɪz ˈkrɪtɪkəl. ðə nu ˈeɪθiəsts ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ɪt meɪks sɛns tɪ hæv ɛz ˈmɛni frɛndz ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, bət ˈəltəmətli ɪt keɪm daʊn tɪ ðə fækt ðət rɪˈlɪʤəs bɪˈlif ɪz beɪst ɔn ˈmæʤɪkəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ənd aɪˈdiəz ðət ˈkænɑt bi səˈpɔrtɪd ɛmˈpɪrɪkəli. ðɪs sərvz tɪ rɪˈtɑrd ðə ˈprɑˌgrɛs əv saɪəns. ðɛr ɪz ə lɔt əv bɪlt ˈɪntu ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ənd wi fɛlt wi hæd tɪ teɪk ə strɔŋ stæns ənd ˈɑrgju ðət wɪn ˈsəmˌwən sɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ɑr bɛst ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈnɑlɪʤ, ˈwɛðər rɪˈlɪʤəs ər nɑt, ðɛn wi ʃʊd nɑt ˈhɛzəˌteɪt tɪ rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ɪt. nɑt ðət wi hæv tɪ kɔl ðɛm fulz ər ˈɪˌdiəts, bət wi hæv tɪ ˈprɛzənt ən ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈɑrgjəmənts ðət ɪkˈspleɪn ðə flɔz ɪn ðɛr ˈrizənɪŋ. wi ˈnidɪd tɪ kəm aʊt ənd seɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ ənd nɑt ˈpʊsiˈfʊt əraʊnd ɪt.

organ designers, chief drone experience designers, director. those are some of the fanciful new roles that could be created by the global design industry in the next few years. advertisement advertisement but what about current design roles? how will they favor over the next 15 years? will every company by 2030 have a chief design officer, or will they all go extinct? should a generation of who grew up worshipping jonathan put all their eggs in the industrial design basket? we talked to a dozen design leaders and thinkers from companies such as frog, artefact, and to find out which design jobs could die out in the next 15 years, and which could grow. no empirical evidence behind these picks, so they be taken too seriously. still, they represent the informed opinions of people who get paid to think about the future. design jobs that will die designers user experience designers are among the most designers working today. so how could their jobs disappear? according to teague designers clint rule, eric lawrence, matt mcelvogue,ux design” has become too broad and muddled.the design community has played fast and loose with the title ‘ux designer,'” they write in an email.from job posting to job posting and year to year, it jumps between disparate responsibilities, tools, and disciplines. presently it seems to have settled on the title representing democratized design skills that produce friendly guis.” in the future, they predict that design will divide into more specialized fields.the expanding domain of user experience and its myriad disciplines will push the title ‘ux designer’ to a breaking point, unbundling its responsibilities to the appropriate specialists,” they say. visual designers visual designers are the ones responsible for the way an app looks. designers, meanwhile, are the ones who concentrate on how it feels. a lot of times, designers do both, but going forward, jobs that require just visual design skills are going to die out. according to charles fulford, executive creative director of elephant, the san francisco-based, stealth arm of the digital agency huge.gone are the days of dumping a ton of on visual designers,” he says, as well asthe days of visual designers being clueless about usability.” what are needed instead are designers who can not only come up with the look of an idea, but make it real, with actual programming and prototyping skills. rob, cofounder of the design consultancy artefact, agrees.in the next 10 years, all visual design jobs will start to be augmented by visual approaches,” he says. after all, design companies are increasingly turning to artificial intelligence to create previously impossible designs, as well as crunch data on millions of users.an tool can automatically provide a designer with 100 variations of a layout, based on some high-level template, or style definition . . . we see early versions of these procedurally generated tools already in use by game designers.” for example, the 17 billion planet universe in the recent blockbuster video game no sky was largely generatedally. the short version? if a visual designer, time to diversify. advertisement design researchers “when ethnographic research was new in design, there were designers who specialized in research,” explains harry west, ceo of frog.the role of design researcher is now evolving to become a fundamental skill and practice for all types of designers. today, for any design challenge, it is assumed that you first learn what the customer wants; every designer must know how to set up customer research and learn from the source.” consequently, no one needs a dedicated design researcher anymore.the role is so fundamental that every designer should know how to do it,” says west. john rousseau, executive director at artefact, puts a finer point on it: new technologies like machine learning and virtual reality are killing design research.design research as we know it may cease to least in terms of the types of ethnographic field work we do today,” he says.research—-and likely be marginalized by new forms of automated data and insight generation, compiled via remote sensing and delivered through technologies like virtual reality.” traditional industrial designers most designers we asked predictably thought their own fields had rosy prospects. not markus, industrial design director at artefact. he says that classically trained industrial designers who remain too attached to theindustrial” parts of their other words, overly focused on the sculptural look of a become, in his words,designosaurs.”more than ever before, industrial design cannot exist in a vacuum,” he writes. the issuer is that form no longer follows function and function is also involved. that means industrial designers in the future will need to evolve to think about the total user experience, a role calls thepost-industrial designer.” (more on that below.) doreen lorenzo, director of integrated design at austin, also sees the role of the classically trained industrial designer dying off soon.in the future, all designers will be hybrids,” she says. chief design officers “this is a trend as of late: to have an design figurehead,” says sheryl cababa, associate design director, artefact. but that role should–die, because redundant.good design is, fundamentally, interdisciplinary, which means that in a company that is design-oriented, all executives will be design practitioners, and the chief design officer position will vanish as quickly as it came.” advertisement ceo tim brown echoes the idea that design will be embedded at the executive level, although he necessarily think themselves are going to die out.business is moving from a long period where analytical skills were of extreme value in the search for efficiency, to one where creative and design skills will be essential to deal with complexity, volatility, and the requirements for constant innovation… will need to be designers in order to be successful.” design jobs that will grow virtual interaction designers virtual and augmented reality is set to become a $150 billion industry by 2020, disrupting everything from health care to architecture. doreen lorenzo thinks that more user interface designers will start strapping themselves into rifts and becoming vi designers.as more and more products become completely to projections to look to a new generation of virtual interaction designers to create experiences driven by conversation, gesture, and light,” she writes. specialist material designers yvonne lin of collective believes that in the near future, there will be a growing need for designers who can work in and across different types of materials. for example, she sees bamboo architects as being an design field, as the western world embracesthe possibilities of a material that can grow three feet in 24 hours and can be bent, laminated, joined, and stripped,” as asia has. she also says that designers who can sew will soon be in hot demand to create structural soft goods. a structural soft good? think of the kind of things neri oxman designs, or that are as much tech as textile: a blend of circuit boards and fabrics, like project jacquard.today, there is a skill and knowledge gap between the soft- and world. very few people know how to work in both,” she says.the intelligent mixing of fabrics (for comfort) and plastics and metals (for structure and function) would have significant benefits for health care and sports products. as people live longer and as sports participation increases the demand for these more comfortable and higher performance products will increase.” maybe even air mcflys./ai design specialists fifteen years down the road, few of the designers we spoke to were afraid that a robot or algorithm would take their jobs. thoughapplied creativity is fundamentally hard to codify,” as rob says, artificial intelligence will create new design much so that and other designers we spoke to think that ai and algorithms represent growing field. advertisement “human-centered design has expanded from the design of objects (industrial design) to the design of experiences (adding interaction design, visual design, and the design of spaces) and the next step will be the design of system behavior: the design of the algorithms that determine the behavior of automated or intelligent systems,” argues harry west at frog. for example, designing the algorithm that determines how an autonomous vehicle makes the right decisions in an unavoidable collision.the challenge for the designers is to tie the coding of algorithms with the experiences they enable.” designers “as every object becomes your couch to your fitness bracelet, the hospital room to your need to think about connected experiences,” says markus.[these] offer much broader value propositions, which means we need to change the [design] processes used to define these objects beyond their immediate form and function.” enter the designer. designers will need to think of the total user experience to buildtangible experiences that connect the physical and digital worlds,” says. for example, the designer of the future, charged with designing an electrical toothbrush, will need to make sure their toothbrush can connect to an app, give users brushing stats, as well as plug into the future smart home. just not enough to design something that cleans your teeth well anymore.someone has to be responsible to stitch complex experiences together,” mark rolston says. design strategists design researchers may find fewer opportunities in the next 15 years, but john rousseau thinks design strategists will be indispensable.the importance of design strategy will grow,” he says.future design strategists will need the ability to understand and model increasingly complex example, social media networks or supply will design new products and services in a volatile environment characterized by continuous disruption and a high degree of uncertainty.” in other words, a future defined by political, social, business, and tech disruption that can happen overnight. in such a future, rousseau says, design strategists will be like ballerinas, dancing their companies in and out of trouble.it will be more of a dance, and less of a march.” advertisement read more the most important design jobs of the future 3 things designers can learn from industrial design ui,: who does what? a guide to the tech industry organization designers the org chart of the future going to be the same as the org chart of the past. why partner bryan walker thinks dedicated organization designers will be on hand, helping make companies moreadaptive, creative, and prolific.” these designers, he says,will help all aspects of an organization from its underlying structures, incentives, processes, and talent practices to its physical workplaces, digital collaboration tools and communications. freelance designers get used to working in your pajamas. according to clint rule, eric lawrence, and matt mcelvogue, the future of design is freelance.creative ai and global creative marketplaces will give individual designers access to skill sets previously only capable within large teams,” they write.the result is a surge in the specialization, efficacy, and independence of the designer.” in their vision, freelancers just toil away in solitude, form anetwork of targeted micro-consultancies” that compete with more traditional firms. have something to say? drop us a note at codtips@fastcompany.com. note: a previous version of this article misstated tim brown thought chief design officers were on their way out. [illustrations: vasabii/istock] related video: from apple to zara, designers like to steal. so what?

ˈɔrgən dɪˈzaɪnərz, ʧif droʊn ɪkˈspɪriəns dɪˈzaɪnərz, dɪˈrɛktər. ðoʊz ər səm əv ðə ˈfænsɪfəl nu roʊlz ðət kʊd bi kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈgloʊbəl dɪˈzaɪn ˈɪndəstri ɪn ðə nɛkst fju jɪrz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt bət wət əˈbaʊt ˈkɑrənt dɪˈzaɪn roʊlz? haʊ wɪl ðeɪ ˈfeɪvər ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst 15 jɪrz? wɪl ˈɛvəri ˈkəmpəˌni baɪ 2030 hæv ə ʧif dɪˈzaɪn ˈɔfɪsər, ər wɪl ðeɪ ɔl goʊ ɪkˈstɪŋkt? ʃʊd ə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv hu gru əp ˈwərʃəpɪŋ ˈʤɑnəθən pʊt ɔl ðɛr ɛgz ɪn ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl dɪˈzaɪn ˈbæskət? wi tɔkt tɪ ə ˈdəzən dɪˈzaɪn ˈlidərz ənd ˈθɪŋkərz frəm ˈkəmpəˌniz səʧ ɛz frɑg, artefact*, ənd tɪ faɪnd aʊt wɪʧ dɪˈzaɪn ʤɑbz kʊd daɪ aʊt ɪn ðə nɛkst 15 jɪrz, ənd wɪʧ kʊd groʊ. noʊ ˌɛmˈpɪrɪkəl ˈɛvədəns bɪˈhaɪnd ðiz pɪks, soʊ ðeɪ bi ˈteɪkən tu ˈsɪriəsli. stɪl, ðeɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə ˌɪnˈfɔrmd əˈpɪnjənz əv ˈpipəl hu gɪt peɪd tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðə fˈjuʧər. dɪˈzaɪn ʤɑbz ðət wɪl daɪ dɪˈzaɪnərz ˈjuzər ɪkˈspɪriəns dɪˈzaɪnərz ər əˈməŋ ðə moʊst dɪˈzaɪnərz ˈwərkɪŋ təˈdeɪ. soʊ haʊ kʊd ðɛr ʤɑbz ˌdɪsəˈpɪr? əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ tig dɪˈzaɪnərz klɪnt rul, ˈɛrɪk ˈlɔrəns, mæt mcelvogue*, design”*” həz bɪˈkəm tu brɔd ənd ˈmədəld. dɪˈzaɪn kəmˈjunɪti həz pleɪd fæst ənd lus wɪθ ðə ˈtaɪtəl designer,'”*,'” ðeɪ raɪt ɪn ən iˈmeɪl. ʤɑb ˈpoʊstɪŋ tɪ ʤɑb ˈpoʊstɪŋ ənd jɪr tɪ jɪr, ɪt ʤəmps bɪtˈwin ˈdɪspərɪt riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz, tulz, ənd ˈdɪsəplənz. ˈprɛzəntli ɪt simz tɪ hæv ˈsɛtəld ɔn ðə ˈtaɪtəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ dɪˈmɑkrəˌtaɪzd dɪˈzaɪn skɪlz ðət ˈproʊdus ˈfrɛndli guis.”*.” ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər, ðeɪ prɪˈdɪkt ðət dɪˈzaɪn wɪl dɪˈvaɪd ˈɪntu mɔr ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd fildz. ɪkˈspændɪŋ doʊˈmeɪn əv ˈjuzər ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd ɪts ˈmɪriəd ˈdɪsəplənz wɪl pʊʃ ðə ˈtaɪtəl designer’*’ tɪ ə ˈbreɪkɪŋ pɔɪnt, ənˈbəndlɪŋ ɪts riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz tɪ ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt specialists,”*,” ðeɪ seɪ. ˈvɪʒəwəl dɪˈzaɪnərz ˈvɪʒəwəl dɪˈzaɪnərz ər ðə wənz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə weɪ ən æp lʊks. dɪˈzaɪnərz, ˈminˌwaɪl, ər ðə wənz hu ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɔn haʊ ɪt filz. ə lɔt əv taɪmz, dɪˈzaɪnərz du boʊθ, bət goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd, ʤɑbz ðət ˌrikˈwaɪər ʤɪst ˈvɪʒəwəl dɪˈzaɪn skɪlz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ daɪ aʊt. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈʧɑrəlz ˈfʊlfərd, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv kriˈeɪtɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈɛləfənt, ðə sæn francisco-based*, stɛlθ ɑrm əv ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈeɪʤənsi juʤ. ər ðə deɪz əv ˈdəmpɪŋ ə tən əv ɔn ˈvɪʒəwəl designers,”*,” hi sɪz, ɛz wɛl ɛz deɪz əv ˈvɪʒəwəl dɪˈzaɪnərz biɪŋ ˈkluləs əˈbaʊt usability.”*.” wət ər ˈnidɪd ˌɪnˈstɛd ər dɪˈzaɪnərz hu kən nɑt ˈoʊnli kəm əp wɪθ ðə lʊk əv ən aɪˈdiə, bət meɪk ɪt ril, wɪθ ˈækʧəwəl ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ənd ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪpɪŋ skɪlz. rɑb, ˈkoʊˈfaʊndər əv ðə dɪˈzaɪn kənˈsəltənsi artefact*, əˈgriz. ðə nɛkst 10 jɪrz, ɔl ˈvɪʒəwəl dɪˈzaɪn ʤɑbz wɪl stɑrt tɪ bi ɑgˈmɛntəd baɪ ˈvɪʒəwəl approaches,”*,” hi sɪz. ˈæftər ɔl, dɪˈzaɪn ˈkəmpəˌniz ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈpriviəsli ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl dɪˈzaɪnz, ɛz wɛl ɛz krənʧ ˈdætə ɔn ˈmɪljənz əv ˈjuzərz. tul kən ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli prəˈvaɪd ə dɪˈzaɪnər wɪθ 100 ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz əv ə leɪaʊt, beɪst ɔn səm ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl ˈtɛmplət, ər staɪl ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən wi si ˈərli ˈvərʒənz əv ðiz prəˈsiʤərəli ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd tulz ɔˈrɛdi ɪn juz baɪ geɪm designers.”*.” fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə 17 ˈbɪljən ˈplænət ˈjunəˌvərs ɪn ðə ˈrisənt ˈblɑkˌbəstər ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm noʊ skaɪ wɑz ˈlɑrʤli ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd algorithmically*. ðə ʃɔrt ˈvərʒən? ɪf ə ˈvɪʒəwəl dɪˈzaɪnər, taɪm tɪ dɪˈvərsəˌfaɪ. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt dɪˈzaɪn ˈrisərʧərz ˌɛθnəˈgræfɪk ˈrisərʧ wɑz nu ɪn dɪˈzaɪn, ðɛr wər dɪˈzaɪnərz hu ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ɪn research,”*,” ɪkˈspleɪnz ˈhɛri wɛst, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv frɑg. roʊl əv dɪˈzaɪn ˈrisərʧər ɪz naʊ ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl skɪl ənd ˈpræktɪs fər ɔl taɪps əv dɪˈzaɪnərz. təˈdeɪ, fər ˈɛni dɪˈzaɪn ˈʧælənʤ, ɪt ɪz əˈsumd ðət ju fərst lərn wət ðə ˈkəstəmər wɔnts; ˈɛvəri dɪˈzaɪnər məst noʊ haʊ tɪ sɛt əp ˈkəstəmər ˈrisərʧ ənd lərn frəm ðə source.”*.” ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli, noʊ wən nidz ə ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd dɪˈzaɪn ˈrisərʧər ˌɛniˈmɔr. roʊl ɪz soʊ ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ðət ˈɛvəri dɪˈzaɪnər ʃʊd noʊ haʊ tɪ du it,”*,” sɪz wɛst. ʤɑn ruˈsoʊ, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər æt artefact*, pʊts ə ˈfaɪnər pɔɪnt ɔn ɪt: nu tɛkˈnɑləʤiz laɪk məˈʃin ˈlərnɪŋ ənd ˈvərʧuəl ˌriˈæləˌti ər ˈkɪlɪŋ dɪˈzaɪn ˈrisərʧ. ˈrisərʧ ɛz wi noʊ ɪt meɪ sis tɪ list ɪn tərmz əv ðə taɪps əv ˌɛθnəˈgræfɪk fild wərk wi du today,”*,” hi sɪz. ˈlaɪkli bi ˈmɑrʤənəˌlaɪzd baɪ nu fɔrmz əv ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd ˈdætə ənd ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən, kəmˈpaɪld ˈviə rɪˈmoʊt ˈsɛnsɪŋ ənd dɪˈlɪvərd θru tɛkˈnɑləʤiz laɪk ˈvərʧuəl reality.”*.” trəˈdɪʃənəl ˌɪnˈdəstriəl dɪˈzaɪnərz moʊst dɪˈzaɪnərz wi æst prɪˈdɪktəbli θɔt ðɛr oʊn fildz hæd ˈroʊzi ˈprɑspɛkts. nɑt ˈmɑrkəs, ˌɪnˈdəstriəl dɪˈzaɪn dɪˈrɛktər æt artefact*. hi sɪz ðət ˈklæsɪkli treɪnd ˌɪnˈdəstriəl dɪˈzaɪnərz hu rɪˈmeɪn tu əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə ““industrial”*” pɑrts əv ðɛr ˈəðər wərdz, ˈoʊvərli ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə ˈskəlpʧərəl lʊk əv ə bɪˈkəm, ɪn hɪz wərdz, ““designosaurs.”*.” ðən ˈɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr, ˌɪnˈdəstriəl dɪˈzaɪn ˈkænɑt ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ə vacuum,”*,” hi raɪts. ðə ˈɪʃuər ɪz ðət fɔrm noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈfɑloʊz ˈfəŋkʃən ənd ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. ðət minz ˌɪnˈdəstriəl dɪˈzaɪnərz ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər wɪl nid tɪ ɪˈvɑlv tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈjuzər ɪkˈspɪriəns, ə roʊl kɔlz ðə designer.”*.” (mɔr ɔn ðət bɪˈloʊ.) dɔˈrin lərˈɛnzoʊ, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd dɪˈzaɪn æt ˈɔstən, ˈɔlsoʊ siz ðə roʊl əv ðə ˈklæsɪkli treɪnd ˌɪnˈdəstriəl dɪˈzaɪnər daɪɪŋ ɔf sun. ðə fˈjuʧər, ɔl dɪˈzaɪnərz wɪl bi hybrids,”*,” ʃi sɪz. ʧif dɪˈzaɪn ˈɔfɪsərz ɪz ə trɛnd ɛz əv leɪt: tɪ hæv ən dɪˈzaɪn figurehead,”*,” sɪz ˈʃɛrəl cababa*, əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt dɪˈzaɪn dɪˈrɛktər, artefact*. bət ðət roʊl should–die*, bɪˈkəz rɪˈdəndənt. dɪˈzaɪn ɪz, ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli, ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri, wɪʧ minz ðət ɪn ə ˈkəmpəˌni ðət ɪz design-oriented*, ɔl ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz wɪl bi dɪˈzaɪn prækˈtɪʃənərz, ənd ðə ʧif dɪˈzaɪn ˈɔfɪsər pəˈzɪʃən wɪl ˈvænɪʃ ɛz kˈwɪkli ɛz ɪt came.”*.” ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈsiˌiˈoʊ tɪm braʊn ˈɛkoʊz ðə aɪˈdiə ðət dɪˈzaɪn wɪl bi ɛmˈbɛdɪd æt ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈlɛvəl, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli θɪŋk ðɛmˈsɛlvz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ daɪ aʊt. ɪz ˈmuvɪŋ frəm ə lɔŋ ˈpɪriəd wɛr ˌænəˈlɪtɪkəl skɪlz wər əv ɪkˈstrim ˈvælju ɪn ðə sərʧ fər ɪˈfɪʃənsi, tɪ wən wɛr kriˈeɪtɪv ənd dɪˈzaɪn skɪlz wɪl bi ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ dil wɪθ kəmˈplɛksɪti, ˌvɑləˈtɪləti, ənd ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənts fər ˈkɑnstənt innovation…*… wɪl nid tɪ bi dɪˈzaɪnərz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ bi successful.”*.” dɪˈzaɪn ʤɑbz ðət wɪl groʊ ˈvərʧuəl ˌɪnərˈækʃən dɪˈzaɪnərz ˈvərʧuəl ənd ɑgˈmɛntəd ˌriˈæləˌti ɪz sɛt tɪ bɪˈkəm ə 150 ˈbɪljən ˈɪndəstri baɪ 2020 dɪsˈrəptɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm hɛlθ kɛr tɪ ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər. dɔˈrin lərˈɛnzoʊ θɪŋks ðət mɔr ˈjuzər ˈɪnərˌfeɪs dɪˈzaɪnərz wɪl stɑrt ˈstræpɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈɪntu rɪfts ənd bɪˈkəmɪŋ vi dɪˈzaɪnərz. mɔr ənd mɔr ˈprɑdəkts bɪˈkəm kəmˈplitli tɪ prɑˈʤɛkʃənz tɪ lʊk tɪ ə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˈvərʧuəl ˌɪnərˈækʃən dɪˈzaɪnərz tɪ kriˈeɪt ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ˈdrɪvən baɪ ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən, ˈʤɛsʧər, ənd light,”*,” ʃi raɪts. ˈspɛʃəlɪst məˈtɪriəl dɪˈzaɪnərz ˌɪˈvɑn lɪn əv kəˈlɛktɪv bɪˈlivz ðət ɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər, ðɛr wɪl bi ə groʊɪŋ nid fər dɪˈzaɪnərz hu kən wərk ɪn ənd əˈkrɔs ˈdɪfərənt taɪps əv məˈtɪriəlz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ʃi siz bæmˈbu ˈɑrkəˌtɛkts ɛz biɪŋ ən dɪˈzaɪn fild, ɛz ðə ˈwɛstərn wərld ɛmˈbreɪsɪz ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz əv ə məˈtɪriəl ðət kən groʊ θri fit ɪn 24 aʊərz ənd kən bi bɛnt, ˈlæməˌneɪtəd, ʤɔɪnd, ənd stripped,”*,” ɛz ˈeɪʒə həz. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ sɪz ðət dɪˈzaɪnərz hu kən soʊ wɪl sun bi ɪn hɑt dɪˈmænd tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈstrəkʧərəl sɔft gʊdz. ə ˈstrəkʧərəl sɔft gʊd? θɪŋk əv ðə kaɪnd əv θɪŋz ˈnɛri ˈɑksmən dɪˈzaɪnz, ər ðət ər ɛz məʧ tɛk ɛz ˈtɛkˌstaɪl: ə blɛnd əv ˈsərkət bɔrdz ənd ˈfæbrɪks, laɪk ˈprɑʤɛkt jacquard*. ““today*, ðɛr ɪz ə skɪl ənd ˈnɑlɪʤ gæp bɪtˈwin ðə sɔft- ənd wərld. ˈvɛri fju ˈpipəl noʊ haʊ tɪ wərk ɪn both,”*,” ʃi sɪz. ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt ˈmɪksɪŋ əv ˈfæbrɪks (fər ˈkəmfərt) ənd ˈplæstɪks ənd ˈmɛtəlz (fər ˈstrəkʧər ənd ˈfəŋkʃən) wʊd hæv sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈbɛnəfɪts fər hɛlθ kɛr ənd spɔrts ˈprɑdəkts. ɛz ˈpipəl lɪv ˈlɔŋgər ənd ɛz spɔrts pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ðə dɪˈmænd fər ðiz mɔr ˈkəmfərtəbəl ənd haɪər pərˈfɔrməns ˈprɑdəkts wɪl increase.”*.” ˈmeɪbi ˈivɪn ɛr mcflys*. dɪˈzaɪn ˈspɛʃəlɪsts ˈfɪfˈtin jɪrz daʊn ðə roʊd, fju əv ðə dɪˈzaɪnərz wi spoʊk tɪ wər əˈfreɪd ðət ə ˈroʊˌbət ər ˈælgərˌɪðəm wʊd teɪk ðɛr ʤɑbz. ðoʊ ˌkrieɪˈtɪvəti ɪz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli hɑrd tɪ codify,”*,” ɛz rɑb sɪz, ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns wɪl kriˈeɪt nu dɪˈzaɪn məʧ soʊ ðət ənd ˈəðər dɪˈzaɪnərz wi spoʊk tɪ θɪŋk ðət eɪaɪ ənd ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt groʊɪŋ fild. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt dɪˈzaɪn həz ɪkˈspændɪd frəm ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ˈɑbʤɛkts (ˌɪnˈdəstriəl dɪˈzaɪn) tɪ ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz (ˈædɪŋ ˌɪnərˈækʃən dɪˈzaɪn, ˈvɪʒəwəl dɪˈzaɪn, ənd ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ˈspeɪsɪz) ənd ðə nɛkst stɛp wɪl bi ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ˈsɪstəm bɪˈheɪvjər: ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ðət dɪˈtərmən ðə bɪˈheɪvjər əv ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd ər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt systems,”*,” ˈɑrgjuz ˈhɛri wɛst æt frɑg. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm ðət dɪˈtərmənz haʊ ən ɔˈtɑnəməs ˈviɪkəl meɪks ðə raɪt dɪˈsɪʒənz ɪn ən ˌənəˈvɔɪdəbəl kəˈlɪʒən. ˈʧælənʤ fər ðə dɪˈzaɪnərz ɪz tɪ taɪ ðə ˈkoʊdɪŋ əv ˈælgərˌɪðəmz wɪθ ðə ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ðeɪ enable.”*.” dɪˈzaɪnərz ˈɛvəri ˈɑbʤɛkt bɪˈkəmz jʊr kaʊʧ tɪ jʊr ˈfɪtnəs ˈbreɪslət, ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl rum tɪ jʊr nid tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt kəˈnɛktɪd experiences,”*,” sɪz ˈmɑrkəs. “[“[these*] ˈɔfər məʧ ˈbrɔdər ˈvælju ˌprɑpəˈzɪʃənz, wɪʧ minz wi nid tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə [dɪˈzaɪn] ˈprɑsɛsəz juzd tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ðiz ˈɑbʤɛkts bɪɔnd ðɛr ˌɪˈmiˌdiət fɔrm ənd function.”*.” ˈɛnər ðə dɪˈzaɪnər. dɪˈzaɪnərz wɪl nid tɪ θɪŋk əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈjuzər ɪkˈspɪriəns tɪ bɪld ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ðət kəˈnɛkt ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd ˈdɪʤɪtəl worlds,”*,” sɪz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə dɪˈzaɪnər əv ðə fˈjuʧər, ʧɑrʤd wɪθ dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ən ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ˈtuθbrəʃ, wɪl nid tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðɛr ˈtuθbrəʃ kən kəˈnɛkt tɪ ən æp, gɪv ˈjuzərz ˈbrəʃɪŋ stæts, ɛz wɛl ɛz pləg ˈɪntu ðə fˈjuʧər smɑrt hoʊm. ʤɪst nɑt ɪˈnəf tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət klinz jʊr tiθ wɛl ˌɛniˈmɔr. həz tɪ bi riˈspɑnsəbəl tɪ stɪʧ ˈkɑmplɛks ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz together,”*,” mɑrk ˈroʊlstən sɪz. dɪˈzaɪn ˈstrætɪʤɪsts dɪˈzaɪn ˈrisərʧərz meɪ faɪnd fjuər ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ɪn ðə nɛkst 15 jɪrz, bət ʤɑn ruˈsoʊ θɪŋks dɪˈzaɪn ˈstrætɪʤɪsts wɪl bi ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl. ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv dɪˈzaɪn ˈstrætəʤi wɪl grow,”*,” hi sɪz. dɪˈzaɪn ˈstrætɪʤɪsts wɪl nid ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ənd ˈmɑdəl ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈkɑmplɛks ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈnɛtˌwərks ər səˈplaɪ wɪl dɪˈzaɪn nu ˈprɑdəkts ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪn ə ˈvɑlətəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzd baɪ kənˈtɪnjuəs dɪsˈrəpʃən ənd ə haɪ dɪˈgri əv uncertainty.”*.” ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ə fˈjuʧər dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ pəˈlɪtɪkəl, ˈsoʊʃəl, ˈbɪznɪs, ənd tɛk dɪsˈrəpʃən ðət kən ˈhæpən ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt. ɪn səʧ ə fˈjuʧər, ruˈsoʊ sɪz, dɪˈzaɪn ˈstrætɪʤɪsts wɪl bi laɪk ˌbælərˈinəz, ˈdænsɪŋ ðɛr ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪn ənd aʊt əv ˈtrəbəl. wɪl bi mɔr əv ə dæns, ənd lɛs əv ə march.”*.” ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt rɛd mɔr ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt dɪˈzaɪn ʤɑbz əv ðə fˈjuʧər 3 θɪŋz dɪˈzaɪnərz kən lərn frəm ˌɪnˈdəstriəl dɪˈzaɪn ui*,: hu dɪz wət? ə gaɪd tɪ ðə tɛk ˈɪndəstri ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən dɪˈzaɪnərz ðə ɔrg ʧɑrt əv ðə fˈjuʧər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ðə seɪm ɛz ðə ɔrg ʧɑrt əv ðə pæst. waɪ ˈpɑrtnər braɪən ˈwɔkər θɪŋks ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən dɪˈzaɪnərz wɪl bi ɔn hænd, ˈhɛlpɪŋ meɪk ˈkəmpəˌniz mɔr ““adaptive*, kriˈeɪtɪv, ənd prolific.”*.” ðiz dɪˈzaɪnərz, hi sɪz, hɛlp ɔl ˈæˌspɛkts əv ən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən frəm ɪts ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈstrəkʧərz, ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz, ˈprɑsɛsəz, ənd ˈtælənt ˈpræktɪsɪz tɪ ɪts ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈwərkˌpleɪsɪz, ˈdɪʤɪtəl kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən tulz ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz. ˈfriˌlæns dɪˈzaɪnərz gɪt juzd tɪ ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn jʊr pəˈʤɑməz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ klɪnt rul, ˈɛrɪk ˈlɔrəns, ənd mæt mcelvogue*, ðə fˈjuʧər əv dɪˈzaɪn ɪz ˈfriˌlæns. eɪaɪ ənd ˈgloʊbəl kriˈeɪtɪv ˈmɑrkətˌpleɪsɪz wɪl gɪv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl dɪˈzaɪnərz ˈækˌsɛs tɪ skɪl sɛts ˈpriviəsli ˈoʊnli ˈkeɪpəbəl wɪˈθɪn lɑrʤ teams,”*,” ðeɪ raɪt. rɪˈzəlt ɪz ə sərʤ ɪn ðə ˌspɛʃələˈzeɪʃən, ˈɛfɪˌkæsi, ənd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns əv ðə designer.”*.” ɪn ðɛr ˈvɪʒən, ˈfriˌlænsərz ʤɪst tɔɪl əˈweɪ ɪn ˈsɑləˌtud, fɔrm ə əv ˈtɑrgətɪd micro-consultancies”*” ðət kəmˈpit wɪθ mɔr trəˈdɪʃənəl fərmz. hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ seɪ? drɔp ˈjuˈɛs ə noʊt æt codtips@fastcompany.com*. noʊt: ə ˈpriviəs ˈvərʒən əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl mɪˈsteɪtɪd ðət tɪm braʊn θɔt ʧif dɪˈzaɪn ˈɔfɪsərz wər ɔn ðɛr weɪ aʊt. [ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz: vasabii/istock*] rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈvɪdioʊ: frəm ˈæpəl tɪ ˈzærə, dɪˈzaɪnərz laɪk tɪ stil. soʊ wət?

at paris games week today, the developers of battlegrounds announced it's leaving early access this december. "late december," to be more precise. that release looks like it will closely follow the launch of the one version of on december 12, which will include the vaulting system that's coming to the pc test servers soon. an press release by corp. ceo chang han kim says the following: "in addition to announcing’s launch date on december 12, we also shared the exciting news that on track to launch for the pc version in late december. this has been an amazing year for us and launching both on pc and on through game preview are huge milestones for the team. incredibly proud of how far come in such a short time, but even more excited to say that just getting started." the press release also states that the two versions of the game won't be identical, though that divide may not last long: "both versions are being developed at the same time, but they both have their own separate roadmaps. various one features and functionality will change and come online over time just like they have on pc, with our goal being to have both versions align to each other as soon as possible." the new desert map will be included in the pc release scheduled for december, and will come to later. you can watch the full of the announcements here, though watch out for some early audio problems (skip to to save your ears, headphone users).

æt ˈpɛrɪs geɪmz wik təˈdeɪ, ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz əv ˈbætəlˌgraʊndz əˈnaʊnst ɪts ˈlivɪŋ ˈərli ˈækˌsɛs ðɪs dɪˈsɛmbər. "leɪt dɪˈsɛmbər," tɪ bi mɔr prɪˈsaɪs. ðət riˈlis lʊks laɪk ɪt wɪl ˈkloʊsli ˈfɑloʊ ðə lɔnʧ əv ðə wən ˈvərʒən əv ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 12 wɪʧ wɪl ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈvɔltɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ðæts ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈpiˈsi tɛst ˈsərvərz sun. ən prɛs riˈlis baɪ ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən. ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ʧæŋ hɑn kɪm sɪz ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: "ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ əˈnaʊnsɪŋ lɔnʧ deɪt ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 12 wi ˈɔlsoʊ ʃɛrd ðə ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ nuz ðət ɔn træk tɪ lɔnʧ fər ðə ˈpiˈsi ˈvərʒən ɪn leɪt dɪˈsɛmbər. ðɪs həz bɪn ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ jɪr fər ˈjuˈɛs ənd ˈlɔnʧɪŋ boʊθ ɔn ˈpiˈsi ənd ɔn θru geɪm ˈprivˌju ər juʤ ˈmaɪlˌstoʊnz fər ðə tim. ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli praʊd əv haʊ fɑr kəm ɪn səʧ ə ʃɔrt taɪm, bət ˈivɪn mɔr ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ seɪ ðət ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪd." ðə prɛs riˈlis ˈɔlsoʊ steɪts ðət ðə tu ˈvərʒənz əv ðə geɪm woʊnt bi aɪˈdɛntɪkəl, ðoʊ ðət dɪˈvaɪd meɪ nɑt læst lɔŋ: "boʊθ ˈvərʒənz ər biɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpt æt ðə seɪm taɪm, bət ðeɪ boʊθ hæv ðɛr oʊn ˈsɛpərˌeɪt roadmaps*. ˈvɛriəs wən ˈfiʧərz ənd ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti wɪl ʧeɪnʤ ənd kəm ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈoʊvər taɪm ʤɪst laɪk ðeɪ hæv ɔn ˈpiˈsi, wɪθ ɑr goʊl biɪŋ tɪ hæv boʊθ ˈvərʒənz əˈlaɪn tɪ iʧ ˈəðər ɛz sun ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl." ðə nu ˈdɛzərt mæp wɪl bi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˈpiˈsi riˈlis ˈskɛʤʊld fər dɪˈsɛmbər, ənd wɪl kəm tɪ ˈleɪtər. ju kən wɔʧ ðə fʊl əv ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnts hir, ðoʊ wɔʧ aʊt fər səm ˈərli ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈprɑbləmz (skɪp tɪ tɪ seɪv jʊr ɪrz, ˈhɛdˌfoʊn ˈjuzərz).

u.s. marines from delta company, infantry training battalion, school of navigate their way through the obstacle course aboard, camp geiger, n.c., oct. 04, 2013. delta company is the first company at center with female students. (photo: warrant officer paul mancuso, u.s. marines) story highlights thirteen women taking the latest infantry course services must open combat roles to women who qualify one test: carrying an 85-lb. pack for 10 kilometers or more camp geiger, n.c. mist clings to the ground and the sun won't make an appearance for another three hours. the 263 marines of delta company, infantry training battalion, shoulder their bulky packs and set off. the air is still cool, but packs are heavy. soon the marines are sweating through their camouflage uniforms and officers are moving between the two files of marines, shouting encouragement and encouraging stragglers to keep up. the marine corps has been training infantrymen here since 1953. this year is different. among delta company's 263 marines are 13 women who have volunteered to participate in a closely watched experiment into the feasibility of integrating females into the infantry. the infantry is among a handful of military jobs that remain preserves. the women, who are shouldering the same packs and wearing the same combat uniforms as the men, are barely distinguishable from the men as they trudge in the darkness. "we treat everyone the same," said staff sgt. billy shinault, a marine instructor who chatted while working a bolt of chewing tobacco after the hike. "we would be doing them a disservice to lower the standards." shortly before he left office earlier this year, defense secretary leon panetta ordered the military to lift the ban on women serving in ground combat specialties, such as the infantry and special operations. he left it up to the services to figure out how to put the order into effect. the services have until january 2016 to do so. exceptions would require approval of the defense secretary. women have been serving in plenty of jobs that have exposed them to combat over the past decade in iraq and afghanistan. but ground combat jobs have remained off-limits. these jobs require physical strength, feats of endurance and spending a long time in primitive field conditions. the infantry is the leading edge of the ground combat specialties. its mission is as basic as it is elemental. infantrymen carry what they need on their backs and kill the enemy at close quarters. "every single one of them is an alpha male," said sgt. kenneth hayden, a tactics instructor here. fighting the old-fashioned way for all the talk of technology and a wars," the combat of the past decade has proven that there remains a need for foot soldiers going to war with little more than rifles and bayonets. a marine earned a navy cross, the second highest award for valor, in afghanistan after he killed a taliban with the stock of his own weapon. at the end of the hike the men and women line up to run through an obstacle course that requires scrambling over a wall, vaulting logs and climbing a rope. a woman marine in infantry training at camp geiger, n.c. (photo: warrant officer paul mancuso, u.s. marines) shinault explains to the marines that the march is only a means to an end. after the hike is complete the marines have to have enough energy to take the fight to the enemy. the marine corps hope to have about 300 women go through enlisted infantry training by the end of a year, providing enough data to assist in making decisions about the way ahead. officers say it is too early to draw any conclusions. but a similar experiment conducted at infantry officer training at quantico, va., suggests that women struggle with the physical part of the training. the officer course at quantico is significantly more demanding. about 25% of men do not complete the course and end up in other jobs. so far, 10 women have started the officers course under a similar experiment, but none have completed it, according to the marine corps. here at the enlisted training shinault acknowledged the women have more trouble with the physical requirements, but said the women match the men evenly in marksmanship, a key part of infantry training. the enlisted course here at the school of is not as demanding as the officer course and it is more likely at least some women will complete it. the attrition rate for men here has been about 1%. even if they do pass this initial group will not get to join the infantry, at least not immediately, since it remains closed to women. on the hike two men and two women dropped out. the hikes here at the infantry school get longer, culminating with a walk. officers have promised that standards, honed after more than a decade at war, will not be changed to accommodate women. "there certainly is no pressure to lower those standards," said col. jeffrey conner, commander of the school of. army standards the army is also undertaking studies as it works to open ground combat positions to women. recently they validated the physical requirement of all their specialties in an effort to create tests that will screen applicants for those occupations. among the hardest physical task was in the artillery field, where a crew has to load 90 rounds of howitzer shells, which weigh about 95 pounds each, into an ammunition truck within 45 minutes. "our guidance is not to lower the standards," said david brinkley, an official at the army's training and doctrine command, which is overseeing the analysis of job requirements. in order to get into the course here at camp geiger women had to pass the same physical test that men take, which includes a requirement to complete three pull-ups. the marines asked for volunteers from a recent class of 114 females graduating from boot camp at parris island. of that class, 49 met the physical standards to join. of the 49, only 19 volunteered initially. four dropped before training started and another two did not pass initial physical screening. one of them has elected to continue in a later class. another was recently injured, leaving 12 in the class currently. officials would not allow journalists to speak to any of the students in order to avoid interfering with the training. the marines have taken pains to ensure that women don't feel alienated by the culture of the infantry, which has been an enclave for years. the marines, an service with a culture, have the fewest number of women of any service less than 7% of the total force. instructors have been told not to change the standards, but minor adjustments have been made at the training. women in the infantry training battalion are housed in separate barracks, but share the same conditions as the men when they go to the field. male instructors are instructed to announce themselves before entering the female barracks and same for women instructors entering male barracks. the training battalion has added several women instructors who teach and also serve as mentors. staff sgt. juanita towns, an instructor here, said the women have the same concerns as the men: finishing the course. "we're all going to be marines at the end of the day," towns said. the instructors were also asked to tone down some of their profanity. "some of the terminology they used in the past may not be as effective with women," conner said. follow on twitter. read or share this story:

juz. mərˈinz frəm ˈdɛltə ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈɪnfəntri ˈtreɪnɪŋ bəˈtæljən, skul əv ˈnævəˌgeɪt ðɛr weɪ θru ðə ˈɑbstəkəl kɔrs əˈbɔrd, kæmp ˈgaɪgər, n.c*., ɔkt. 04 2013 ˈdɛltə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ðə fərst ˈkəmpəˌni æt ˈsɛnər wɪθ ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈstudənts. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈwɔrənt ˈɔfɪsər pɔl ˌmæŋˈkjusoʊ, juz. mərˈinz) ˈstɔri ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ˈθərˈtin ˈwɪmən ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈɪnfəntri kɔrs ˈsərvɪsɪz məst ˈoʊpən ˈkɑmbæt roʊlz tɪ ˈwɪmən hu kˈwɑləˌfaɪ wən tɛst: ˈkɛriɪŋ ən 85-lb*. pæk fər 10 ˈkɪləˌmitərz ər mɔr kæmp ˈgaɪgər, n.c*. mɪst klɪŋz tɪ ðə graʊnd ənd ðə sən woʊnt meɪk ən əˈpɪrəns fər əˈnəðər θri aʊərz. ðə 263 mərˈinz əv ˈdɛltə ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈɪnfəntri ˈtreɪnɪŋ bəˈtæljən, ˈʃoʊldər ðɛr ˈbəlki pæks ənd sɛt ɔf. ðə ɛr ɪz stɪl kul, bət pæks ər ˈhɛvi. sun ðə mərˈinz ər sˈwɛtɪŋ θru ðɛr ˈkæməˌflɑʒ ˈjunəˌfɔrmz ənd ˈɔfɪsərz ər ˈmuvɪŋ bɪtˈwin ðə tu faɪlz əv mərˈinz, ˈʃaʊtɪŋ ɛnˈkərɪʤmənt ənd ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˈstræglərz tɪ kip əp. ðə mərˈin kɔrz həz bɪn ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈɪnfæntrimən hir sɪns 1953 ðɪs jɪr ɪz ˈdɪfərənt. əˈməŋ ˈdɛltə ˈkəmpəniz 263 mərˈinz ər 13 ˈwɪmən hu hæv ˌvɑlənˈtɪrd tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ə ˈkloʊsli wɔʧt ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ˈɪntu ðə ˌfizəˈbɪləti əv ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪŋ ˈfiˌmeɪlz ˈɪntu ðə ˈɪnfəntri. ðə ˈɪnfəntri ɪz əˈməŋ ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ʤɑbz ðət rɪˈmeɪn prɪˈzərvz. ðə ˈwɪmən, hu ər ˈʃoʊldərɪŋ ðə seɪm pæks ənd ˈwɛrɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈkɑmbæt ˈjunəˌfɔrmz ɛz ðə mɛn, ər ˈbɛrli dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbəl frəm ðə mɛn ɛz ðeɪ trəʤ ɪn ðə ˈdɑrknəs. "wi trit ˈɛvriˌwən ðə seɪm," sɛd stæf ˈsɑrʤənt. ˈbɪli ˈʃɪnaʊlt, ə mərˈin ˌɪnˈstrəktər hu ˈʧætɪd waɪl ˈwərkɪŋ ə boʊlt əv ʧuɪŋ təˈbæˌkoʊ ˈæftər ðə haɪk. "wi wʊd bi duɪŋ ðɛm ə dɪˈsərvəs tɪ loʊər ðə ˈstændərdz." ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr hi lɛft ˈɔfəs ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr, dɪˈfɛns ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri liɑn pəˈnɛtə ˈɔrdərd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri tɪ lɪft ðə bæn ɔn ˈwɪmən ˈsərvɪŋ ɪn graʊnd ˈkɑmbæt ˈspɛʃəltiz, səʧ ɛz ðə ˈɪnfəntri ənd ˈspɛʃəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. hi lɛft ɪt əp tɪ ðə ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ tɪ pʊt ðə ˈɔrdər ˈɪntu ˈifɛkt. ðə ˈsərvɪsɪz hæv ənˈtɪl ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2016 tɪ du soʊ. ɪkˈsɛpʃənz wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər əˈpruvəl əv ðə dɪˈfɛns ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri. ˈwɪmən hæv bɪn ˈsərvɪŋ ɪn ˈplɛnti əv ʤɑbz ðət hæv ɪkˈspoʊzd ðɛm tɪ ˈkɑmbæt ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈdɛkeɪd ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk ənd æfˈgænəˌstæn. bət graʊnd ˈkɑmbæt ʤɑbz hæv rɪˈmeɪnd ˌɔˈflɪmɪts. ðiz ʤɑbz ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈfɪzɪkəl strɛŋθ, fits əv ˈɛndərəns ənd ˈspɛndɪŋ ə lɔŋ taɪm ɪn ˈprɪmɪtɪv fild kənˈdɪʃənz. ðə ˈɪnfəntri ɪz ðə ˈlidɪŋ ɛʤ əv ðə graʊnd ˈkɑmbæt ˈspɛʃəltiz. ɪts ˈmɪʃən ɪz ɛz ˈbeɪsɪk ɛz ɪt ɪz ˌɛləˈmɛnəl. ˈɪnfæntrimən ˈkɛri wət ðeɪ nid ɔn ðɛr bæks ənd kɪl ðə ˈɛnəmi æt kloʊz kˈwɔrtərz. "ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl wən əv ðɛm ɪz ən ˈælfə meɪl," sɛd ˈsɑrʤənt. ˈkɛnɪθ ˈheɪdən, ə ˈtæktɪks ˌɪnˈstrəktər hir. ˈfaɪtɪŋ ðə ˌoʊldˈfæʃənd weɪ fər ɔl ðə tɔk əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd ə wɔrz," ðə ˈkɑmbæt əv ðə pæst ˈdɛkeɪd həz ˈpruvən ðət ðɛr rɪˈmeɪnz ə nid fər fʊt ˈsoʊlʤərz goʊɪŋ tɪ wɔr wɪθ ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ˈraɪfəlz ənd ˈbeɪəˌnɛts. ə mərˈin ərnd ə ˈneɪvi krɔs, ðə ˈsɛkənd haɪəst əˈwɔrd fər ˈvælər, ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn ˈæftər hi kɪld ə ˈtælɪˌbæn wɪθ ðə stɑk əv hɪz oʊn ˈwɛpən. æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə haɪk ðə mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən laɪn əp tɪ rən θru ən ˈɑbstəkəl kɔrs ðət rikˈwaɪərz ˈskræmbəlɪŋ ˈoʊvər ə wɔl, ˈvɔltɪŋ lɔgz ənd ˈklaɪmɪŋ ə roʊp. ə ˈwʊmən mərˈin ɪn ˈɪnfəntri ˈtreɪnɪŋ æt kæmp ˈgaɪgər, n.c*. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈwɔrənt ˈɔfɪsər pɔl ˌmæŋˈkjusoʊ, juz. mərˈinz) ˈʃɪnaʊlt ɪkˈspleɪnz tɪ ðə mərˈinz ðət ðə mɑrʧ ɪz ˈoʊnli ə minz tɪ ən ɛnd. ˈæftər ðə haɪk ɪz kəmˈplit ðə mərˈinz hæv tɪ hæv ɪˈnəf ˈɛnərʤi tɪ teɪk ðə faɪt tɪ ðə ˈɛnəmi. ðə mərˈin kɔrz hoʊp tɪ hæv əˈbaʊt 300 ˈwɪmən goʊ θru ˌɛnˈlɪstɪd ˈɪnfəntri ˈtreɪnɪŋ baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ə jɪr, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ɪˈnəf ˈdætə tɪ əˈsɪst ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ðə weɪ əˈhɛd. ˈɔfɪsərz seɪ ɪt ɪz tu ˈərli tɪ drɔ ˈɛni kənˈkluʒənz. bət ə ˈsɪmələr ɪkˈspɛrəmənt kənˈdəktəd æt ˈɪnfəntri ˈɔfɪsər ˈtreɪnɪŋ æt kˈwɑntɪkoʊ, va*., səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈwɪmən ˈstrəgəl wɪθ ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl pɑrt əv ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ. ðə ˈɔfɪsər kɔrs æt kˈwɑntɪkoʊ ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr dɪˈmændɪŋ. əˈbaʊt 25 əv mɛn du nɑt kəmˈplit ðə kɔrs ənd ɛnd əp ɪn ˈəðər ʤɑbz. soʊ fɑr, 10 ˈwɪmən hæv ˈstɑrtɪd ðə ˈɔfɪsərz kɔrs ˈəndər ə ˈsɪmələr ɪkˈspɛrəmənt, bət nən hæv kəmˈplitɪd ɪt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə mərˈin kɔrz. hir æt ðə ˌɛnˈlɪstɪd ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈʃɪnaʊlt ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðə ˈwɪmən hæv mɔr ˈtrəbəl wɪθ ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənts, bət sɛd ðə ˈwɪmən mæʧ ðə mɛn ˈivənli ɪn ˈmɑrksmənʃɪp, ə ki pɑrt əv ˈɪnfəntri ˈtreɪnɪŋ. ðə ˌɛnˈlɪstɪd kɔrs hir æt ðə skul əv ɪz nɑt ɛz dɪˈmændɪŋ ɛz ðə ˈɔfɪsər kɔrs ənd ɪt ɪz mɔr ˈlaɪkli æt list səm ˈwɪmən wɪl kəmˈplit ɪt. ðə əˈtrɪʃən reɪt fər mɛn hir həz bɪn əˈbaʊt 1 ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ du pæs ðɪs ˌɪˈnɪʃəl grup wɪl nɑt gɪt tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˈɪnfəntri, æt list nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli, sɪns ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz kloʊzd tɪ ˈwɪmən. ɔn ðə haɪk tu mɛn ənd tu ˈwɪmən drɑpt aʊt. ðə haɪks hir æt ðə ˈɪnfəntri skul gɪt ˈlɔŋgər, ˈkəlməˌneɪtɪŋ wɪθ ə wɔk. ˈɔfɪsərz hæv ˈprɑməst ðət ˈstændərdz, hoʊnd ˈæftər mɔr ðən ə ˈdɛkeɪd æt wɔr, wɪl nɑt bi ʧeɪnʤd tɪ əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ˈwɪmən. "ðɛr ˈsərtənli ɪz noʊ ˈprɛʃər tɪ loʊər ðoʊz ˈstændərdz," sɛd col*. ˈʤɛfri ˈkɑnər, kəˈmændər əv ðə skul əv. ˈɑrmi ˈstændərdz ðə ˈɑrmi ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈəndərˌteɪkɪŋ ˈstədiz ɛz ɪt wərks tɪ ˈoʊpən graʊnd ˈkɑmbæt pəˈzɪʃənz tɪ ˈwɪmən. ˈrisəntli ðeɪ ˈvælədeɪtəd ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənt əv ɔl ðɛr ˈspɛʃəltiz ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ kriˈeɪt tɛsts ðət wɪl skrin ˈæplɪkənts fər ðoʊz ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃənz. əˈməŋ ðə ˈhɑrdəst ˈfɪzɪkəl tæsk wɑz ɪn ðə ɑrˈtɪləri fild, wɛr ə kru həz tɪ loʊd 90 raʊnz əv ˈhaʊətsər ʃɛlz, wɪʧ weɪ əˈbaʊt 95 paʊnz iʧ, ˈɪntu ən ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən trək wɪˈθɪn 45 ˈmɪnəts. "ɑr ˈgaɪdəns ɪz nɑt tɪ loʊər ðə ˈstændərdz," sɛd ˈdeɪvɪd ˈbrɪŋkli, ən əˈfɪʃəl æt ðə ˈɑrmiz ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd ˈdɔktərɪn kəˈmænd, wɪʧ ɪz ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ ðə æˈnælɪsɪs əv ʤɑb rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ðə kɔrs hir æt kæmp ˈgaɪgər ˈwɪmən hæd tɪ pæs ðə seɪm ˈfɪzɪkəl tɛst ðət mɛn teɪk, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt tɪ kəmˈplit θri pull-ups*. ðə mərˈinz æst fər ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz frəm ə ˈrisənt klæs əv 114 ˈfiˌmeɪlz ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ frəm but kæmp æt ˈpɛrɪs ˈaɪlənd. əv ðət klæs, 49 mɛt ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈstændərdz tɪ ʤɔɪn. əv ðə 49 ˈoʊnli 19 ˌvɑlənˈtɪrd ˌɪˈnɪʃəli. fɔr drɑpt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪd ənd əˈnəðər tu dɪd nɑt pæs ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈskrinɪŋ. wən əv ðɛm həz ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ kənˈtɪnju ɪn ə ˈleɪtər klæs. əˈnəðər wɑz ˈrisəntli ˈɪnʤərd, ˈlivɪŋ 12 ɪn ðə klæs ˈkərəntli. əˈfɪʃəlz wʊd nɑt əˈlaʊ ˈʤərnəlɪsts tɪ spik tɪ ˈɛni əv ðə ˈstudənts ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˌɪnərˈfɪrɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ. ðə mərˈinz hæv ˈteɪkən peɪnz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˈwɪmən doʊnt fil ˈeɪliəˌneɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈkəlʧər əv ðə ˈɪnfəntri, wɪʧ həz bɪn ən ˈɛnˌkleɪv fər jɪrz. ðə mərˈinz, ən ˈsərvɪs wɪθ ə ˈkəlʧər, hæv ðə fjuəst ˈnəmbər əv ˈwɪmən əv ˈɛni ˈsərvɪs lɛs ðən 7 əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl fɔrs. ˌɪnˈstrəktərz hæv bɪn toʊld nɑt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈstændərdz, bət ˈmaɪnər əˈʤəstmənts hæv bɪn meɪd æt ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ. ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə ˈɪnfəntri ˈtreɪnɪŋ bəˈtæljən ər haʊzd ɪn ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈbɛrəks, bət ʃɛr ðə seɪm kənˈdɪʃənz ɛz ðə mɛn wɪn ðeɪ goʊ tɪ ðə fild. meɪl ˌɪnˈstrəktərz ər ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd tɪ əˈnaʊns ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈbɛrəks ənd seɪm fər ˈwɪmən ˌɪnˈstrəktərz ˈɛnərɪŋ meɪl ˈbɛrəks. ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ bəˈtæljən həz ˈædɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˈwɪmən ˌɪnˈstrəktərz hu tiʧ ənd ˈɔlsoʊ sərv ɛz ˈmɛnˌtɔrz. stæf ˈsɑrʤənt. ˌʤuəˈnitə taʊnz, ən ˌɪnˈstrəktər hir, sɛd ðə ˈwɪmən hæv ðə seɪm kənˈsərnz ɛz ðə mɛn: ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ ðə kɔrs. "wɪr ɔl goʊɪŋ tɪ bi mərˈinz æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ," taʊnz sɛd. ðə ˌɪnˈstrəktərz wər ˈɔlsoʊ æst tɪ toʊn daʊn səm əv ðɛr proʊˈfænəti. "səm əv ðə ˌtərmɪˈnɑləʤi ðeɪ juzd ɪn ðə pæst meɪ nɑt bi ɛz ˈifɛktɪv wɪθ ˈwɪmən," ˈkɑnər sɛd. ˈfɑloʊ ɔn tˈwɪtər. rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:

by: laura meyers you know that one neighbor that always gets their mail in a dangerously short bath robe? and that other neighbor that you avoid because a talker and if you say hi, stuck for hours? and those other pesky neighbors that shoot you if your dog takes a dump in their yard? oh, wait. a florida man spent day in the hospital after being shot over some dog poop. jose rey was walking his dog home saturday night when the pup started to drop a load in yard, and the neighbor, omar rodriguez, was not having any of that shit. neighbors told police that the two men began arguing loudly and rodriguez told police that rey threatened to return and fight him. moments after the men had retreated, rodriguez told police that he spotted what appeared to be a shiny object in hand. so he went to his car and retrieved a gun from his glove compartment. he then pointed the gun at rey, and shot him in the stomach and spinal cord. the police report says rodriguez also threatened to shoot wife, lissy, when she ran over to help her husband. neighbor’s surprised to see this kind of violence from rodriguez, however. “he did not like anyone walking on his sidewalk. he considered it his; and if you went by, you were able to become a victim of his aggressiveness,” one neighbor told reporters. rey, a father of two, remains in critical condition and has already undergone two surgeries. rodriguez was arrested and faces charges of attempted murder and aggravated assault. a account has been set up to help the rey family with medical expenses. until then, i say we march to house armed with our pups and have every single one of them take a crap in his yard.

baɪ: ˈlɔrə maɪərz ju noʊ ðət wən ˈneɪbər ðət ˈɔlˌweɪz gɪts ðɛr meɪl ɪn ə ˈdeɪnʤərəsli ʃɔrt bæθ roʊb? ənd ðət ˈəðər ˈneɪbər ðət ju əˈvɔɪd bɪˈkəz ə ˈtɔkər ənd ɪf ju seɪ haɪ, stək fər aʊərz? ənd ðoʊz ˈəðər ˈpɛski ˈneɪbərz ðət ʃut ju ɪf jʊr dɔg teɪks ə dəmp ɪn ðɛr jɑrd? oʊ, weɪt. ə ˈflɔrɪdə mæn spɛnt deɪ ɪn ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈæftər biɪŋ ʃɑt ˈoʊvər səm dɔg pup. ˌhoʊˈzeɪ reɪ wɑz ˈwɔkɪŋ hɪz dɔg hoʊm ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt wɪn ðə pəp ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ drɔp ə loʊd ɪn jɑrd, ənd ðə ˈneɪbər, ˈoʊmɑr rɑˈdrigɛz, wɑz nɑt ˈhævɪŋ ˈɛni əv ðət ʃɪt. ˈneɪbərz toʊld pəˈlis ðət ðə tu mɛn bɪˈgæn ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ˈlaʊdli ənd rɑˈdrigɛz toʊld pəˈlis ðət reɪ θˈrɛtənd tɪ rɪˈtərn ənd faɪt ɪm. ˈmoʊmənts ˈæftər ðə mɛn hæd riˈtritɪd, rɑˈdrigɛz toʊld pəˈlis ðət hi ˈspɑtɪd wət əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ə ˈʃaɪni ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪn hænd. soʊ hi wɛnt tɪ hɪz kɑr ənd riˈtrivd ə gən frəm hɪz gləv kəmˈpɑrtmənt. hi ðɛn ˈpɔɪntɪd ðə gən æt reɪ, ənd ʃɑt ɪm ɪn ðə ˈstəmək ənd ˈspaɪnəl kɔrd. ðə pəˈlis rɪˈpɔrt sɪz rɑˈdrigɛz ˈɔlsoʊ θˈrɛtənd tɪ ʃut waɪf, ˈlɪsi, wɪn ʃi ræn ˈoʊvər tɪ hɛlp hər ˈhəzbənd. səˈpraɪzd tɪ si ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈvaɪələns frəm rɑˈdrigɛz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər. dɪd nɑt laɪk ˈɛniˌwən ˈwɔkɪŋ ɔn hɪz ˈsaɪdˌwɔk. hi kənˈsɪdərd ɪt hɪz; ənd ɪf ju wɛnt baɪ, ju wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈvɪktɪm əv hɪz aggressiveness,”*,” wən ˈneɪbər toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz. reɪ, ə ˈfɑðər əv tu, rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn ˈkrɪtɪkəl kənˈdɪʃən ənd həz ɔˈrɛdi ˌəndərˈgɔn tu ˈsərʤəriz. rɑˈdrigɛz wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ənd ˈfeɪsɪz ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv əˈtɛmptəd ˈmərdər ənd ˈægrəˌveɪtɪd əˈsɔlt. ə əˈkaʊnt həz bɪn sɛt əp tɪ hɛlp ðə reɪ ˈfæməli wɪθ ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪkˈspɛnsɪz. ənˈtɪl ðɛn, aɪ seɪ wi mɑrʧ tɪ haʊs ɑrmd wɪθ ɑr pəps ənd hæv ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl wən əv ðɛm teɪk ə kræp ɪn hɪz jɑrd.

diy audio home the "nuhybrid" headphone amp - hybrid headphone amp using the (note most photos are to full resolution photos). i've made some updates to the mouser bom due to a few items being out of stock for an extended period. the power switch, and two electrolytic capacitors, have been swapped for parts that are compatible and in stock (at least as of today). this is a hybrid headphone amplifier that uses the. it's based somewhat on the original "millett hybrid" design that i published way back in 2002. like the original, this one can be built as an open, mounted into a plastic base, with the parts (and glowing) exposed for all to see. of course, you could also package it in a normal case if you wanted to. also like the original, it uses a tube stage to do the voltage amplification, and solid-state circuitry (this time an connected as a follower) to drive the current into the headphones. the tube used here is the new. the is a dual, very low power, tube. it is built using a process originally used for vacuum fluorescent displays (vfds) - that is why you can see a glow when the tube is powered up. i've been working with the folks at in japan for a while with this part, and use it in the apex headphone amplifier. i also arranged with to distribute the toers and small oems. to that end i created www.nutube.us. you can find additional info on the there, including the full datasheet. the entire thing, including power supply, knob, etc. will cost you about $116. i am basically giving away the for free with a in order to try and generate some interest in it. like the butte headphone amp, i want this to be a very easy project for somebody who has little electronics experience. to make it as easy as possible, i put together a comprehensive instruction manual, as well as a bom (parts list) on website, so it makes ordering the parts simple. more on that a bit further down the page... the circuit (download a full size schematic in form) the input signal comes from jacks, through a volume control pot, and is coupled into a pair of emitter followers using transiostors. this is needed because the is operated in "class" - that is, the control grid is biased slightly positive, so the grid draws a little bit of current when driven. the output of the buffer is coupled using a capacitor into the grids. a positive grid bias of to, adjustable using trimpots, is applied to the grids through a. filament power - which is only at per - is supplied via 150 ohm droppings from a linear regulator (which also supplies the positive grid bias). note that the regulator will get hot - it's normal. 24v is supplied by a standard wall adapter. the plates of the are loaded withs to the positive supply, which is a filtered (by &) version of the input. the plates of the are directly coupled to a pair of buffers. i used the here, because i've had good success using it. others will work, including the buffer. i found that the gave better performance, especially in that it contributed very little harmonic distortion. the output is coupled to the headphone jack through some large electrolytic capacitors (bypassed with small film caps). in addition, a pair or jacks can be used to get a line output, for use as a preamp. one addition that is not in the original millett hybrid is the inclusion of an output muting circuit. this keeps the output disabled for about ten seconds after power-up, eliminating the big "thump" that you would otherwise hear as the output capacitors charged. this circuit is a simple to drive the relay coil, and some diodes and an circuit on the gate. when the power is turned on, the capacitor on the gate is slowly charged until the gate voltage gets high enough to turn on the, which pulls in the relay. when power is turned off, a diode quickly discharges the cap and drops the relay. the the is just under" x". the size was chosen to fit into one half of a standard plastic box from serpac. construction assembly is as simple as soldering all the parts into the. to make it easier to build, i've put together a complete detailed assembly manual. it has a lot of pictures,. so it's a pretty big (113mb) file (!) it also includes the parts list (bom) and schematic. since the details are all in there, i won't repeat them here on the web page. you can also download the parts list (bom) by itself in or format. parts come from two sources: the and are sold by me through my ebay store. the rest of the parts can be bought from mouser or digikey. to make things easier, i have shared a project at mouser that you can access and pretty much automatically buy all of the parts needed, including the plastic case, knob, and ac adapter. you can edit your cart after loading the project if you want to change anything. to access the shared project, go to or and enter this access code: upgrades i am often asked what can be done to upgrade the designs that i publish. in this case, there are a couple of upgrades that i will mention right out of the gate. they are also shown in the notes section of the parts list. one is the volume control pot. unfortunately, all small (and cheap) volume controls suck. they have lots of channel mismatch, and they are noisy or get with time. the pot i used here is not bad, but it is noisy at the bottom end of travel, which bugs me. so on this i put in pads for the standard (alps or others) small cheap control, and also a. the pot is available from audiophile parts sources, like parts connexion. it is expensive - it costs about $40, which is a lot considering the rest of this entire amplifier will cost about $116 to build. but if you do one upgrade, i would recommend this one. although it is possible to build it with the standard pot and install the upgrade later, it is painfully difficult to remove the small pot to replace it - if you try it, i would suggest enlist the help of a soldering expert to avoid damaging the pulling it out. you can also upgrade capacitors - the electrolytic caps i used are pretty good "fine gold" audio electrolytic caps and polyethylene film caps), but you may want to use something else. you can also upgrade the connectors to have gold plating for a few dollars if you want. you can substitute your favorite or buffer for the. it needs to support a power supply, and be unity gain stable. other than that it's up to you. although the transistors make surprisingly good followers, it's possible to swap in a jfet like the (or). if you do that, add a gate stopper to prevent oscillation - in series with the gate terminal works. performance & measurements in general, the amp performs a lot like the original millett hybrid amp. i made no attempt to tweak or trim the gain, so the gain is what you get from the stage. in this case it gives a voltage gain of about 6x. this seems ok for most applications, though its a little on the high side for and a few very high sensitivity headphones. drive capability is limited by the output buffer. with the used all headphones that i know of can be driven. the frequency response is pretty flat. response is limited by the coupling caps, both at the input (in the case of high impedance headphones) and at the output (for lower impedance headphones). in any case the response is -3db well below 20hz, and the response drops well over 40khz: you can see a difference in level between l and r channels. this is due to gain mismatch between the two halves of the. i didn't provide a way to trim this, because so far the channel matching has been within 1db, which is better than the matching of the channels in the volume control pot, and for most people inaudible. an of the output shows typical harmonic characteristics: one of the cool things about this amp is that, by tweaking the bias, you can alter whet the harmonic makeup is. you can easily take the line output and feed it into a sound card input, and use a program like to look at an of the output. then you can tweak the bias pots to tune the distortion. this was taken with the bias set to give at the output, which is close to the minimum overall. speaking of which... this plot shows vs. output level. at out (often the point we specify headphone amps), is about%. no, this is not a low distortion amplifier - it is very much like a amplifier with no (which, in fact, it is). clipping (5%) - if you can call it that, since it is more like gain compression - occurs at about out. distortion shows a nice gradual rise with output voltage, with the typical noise "hook" at very low levels. in the frequency domain, the is pretty flat. the rise high frequency is likely slew rate limiting. but look at the scale - even at 20khz, the only rises form3% to%. the sound i always hate to try and answer the question, "yeah, i see the measurements, but what does it sound like?" the engineer in me will simply say that it sounds like the measurements look! ok... it sounds like what it is - a amplifier. the characteristics of the dominate the sound of the amplifier. the solid state parts have such low distortion that they really do not contribute much. along the same lines, i would say that it sounds a lot like the original "millett hybrid" - perhaps slightly more "tubey", especially at high volumes. using the removes a little of the distortion products that were caused by the in the original hybrid. or... i think it sounds pretty good! i've been sitting here listening to it the entire time i've been writing this web page, through some hd600's. very pleasing.

diy* ˈɑdiˌoʊ hoʊm ðə "nuhybrid*" ˈhɛdˌfoʊn æmp ˈhaɪbrɪd ˈhɛdˌfoʊn æmp ˈjuzɪŋ ðə (noʊt moʊst ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ər tɪ fʊl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ˈfoʊˌtoʊz). aɪv meɪd səm ˈəpˌdeɪts tɪ ðə ˈmaʊzər bɑm du tɪ ə fju ˈaɪtəmz biɪŋ aʊt əv stɑk fər ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈpɪriəd. ðə paʊər swɪʧ, ənd tu ˌɪˌlɛktrəˈlɪtɪk kəˈpæsɪtərz, hæv bɪn swɔpt fər pɑrts ðət ər kəmˈpætəbəl ənd ɪn stɑk (æt list ɛz əv təˈdeɪ). ðɪs ɪz ə ˈhaɪbrɪd ˈhɛdˌfoʊn ˈæmpləˌfaɪər ðət ˈjuzɪz ðə ɪts beɪst ˈsəmˈwət ɔn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl "ˈmɪlɪt ˈhaɪbrɪd" dɪˈzaɪn ðət aɪ ˈpəblɪʃt weɪ bæk ɪn 2002 laɪk ðə ərˈɪʤənəl, ðɪs wən kən bi bɪlt ɛz ən ˈoʊpən, ˈmaʊnɪd ˈɪntu ə ˈplæstɪk beɪs, wɪθ ðə pɑrts (ənd gloʊɪŋ) ɪkˈspoʊzd fər ɔl tɪ si. əv kɔrs, ju kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpækɪʤ ɪt ɪn ə ˈnɔrməl keɪs ɪf ju ˈwɔntɪd tɪ. ˈɔlsoʊ laɪk ðə ərˈɪʤənəl, ɪt ˈjuzɪz ə tub steɪʤ tɪ du ðə ˈvoʊltɪʤ ˌæmpləfəˈkeɪʃən, ənd ˈsɑlədˈsteɪt ˈsərkətri (ðɪs taɪm ən kəˈnɛktɪd ɛz ə ˈfɑloʊər) tɪ draɪv ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈɪntu ðə ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz. ðə tub juzd hir ɪz ðə nu ðə ɪz ə duəl, ˈvɛri loʊ paʊər, tub. ɪt ɪz bɪlt ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈprɔˌsɛs ərˈɪʤənəli juzd fər ˈvækjum ˌflʊˈrɛsənt dɪˈspleɪz (vfds*) ðət ɪz waɪ ju kən si ə gloʊ wɪn ðə tub ɪz paʊərd əp. aɪv bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə foʊks æt ɪn ʤəˈpæn fər ə waɪl wɪθ ðɪs pɑrt, ənd juz ɪt ɪn ðə ˈeɪˌpɛks ˈhɛdˌfoʊn ˈæmpləˌfaɪər. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ əreɪnʤd wɪθ tɪ dɪˈstrɪbjut ðə tɪ ənd smɔl oems*. tɪ ðət ɛnd aɪ kriˈeɪtɪd www.nutube.us*. ju kən faɪnd əˈdɪʃənəl ˈɪnfoʊ ɔn ðə ðɛr, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə fʊl datasheet*. ðə ɪnˈtaɪər θɪŋ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ paʊər səˈplaɪ, nɑb, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. wɪl kɔst ju əˈbaʊt 116 aɪ æm ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈgɪvɪŋ əˈweɪ ðə fər fri wɪθ ə ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ traɪ ənd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt səm ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ɪt. laɪk ðə bjut ˈhɛdˌfoʊn æmp, aɪ wɔnt ðɪs tɪ bi ə ˈvɛri ˈizi ˈprɑʤɛkt fər ˈsəmˌbɑdi hu həz ˈlɪtəl ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ɪkˈspɪriəns. tɪ meɪk ɪt ɛz ˈizi ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, aɪ pʊt təˈgɛðər ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən ˈmænjuəl, ɛz wɛl ɛz ə bɑm (pɑrts lɪst) ɔn ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, soʊ ɪt meɪks ˈɔrdərɪŋ ðə pɑrts ˈsɪmpəl. mɔr ɔn ðət ə bɪt ˈfərðər daʊn ðə peɪʤ... ðə ˈsərkət (ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ə fʊl saɪz skɪˈmætɪk ɪn fɔrm) ðə ˈɪnˌpʊt ˈsɪgnəl kəmz frəm ʤæks, θru ə ˈvɑljum kənˈtroʊl pɑt, ənd ɪz ˈkəpəld ˈɪntu ə pɛr əv ɪˈmɪtər ˈfɑloʊərz ˈjuzɪŋ transiostors*. ðɪs ɪz ˈnidɪd bɪˈkəz ðə ɪz ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd ɪn "klæs ðət ɪz, ðə kənˈtroʊl grɪd ɪz baɪəst sˈlaɪtli ˈpɑzətɪv, soʊ ðə grɪd drɔz ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv ˈkɑrənt wɪn ˈdrɪvən. ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt əv ðə ˈbəfər ɪz ˈkəpəld ˈjuzɪŋ ə kəˈpæsətər ˈɪntu ðə grɪdz. ə ˈpɑzətɪv grɪd baɪəs əv tɪ, əˈʤəstəbəl ˈjuzɪŋ trimpots*, ɪz əˈplaɪd tɪ ðə grɪdz θru ə. ˈfɪləmənt paʊər wɪʧ ɪz ˈoʊnli æt pər ɪz səˈplaɪd ˈviə 150 oʊm ˈdrɑpɪŋ rɪˈzɪstərz frəm ə ˈlɪniər ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər (wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ səˈplaɪz ðə ˈpɑzətɪv grɪd baɪəs). noʊt ðət ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər wɪl gɪt hɑt ɪts ˈnɔrməl. ɪz səˈplaɪd baɪ ə ˈstændərd wɔl əˈdæptər. ðə pleɪts əv ðə ər ˈloʊdɪd wɪθ rɪˈzɪstərz tɪ ðə ˈpɑzətɪv səˈplaɪ, wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈfɪltərd (baɪ ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈɪnˌpʊt. ðə pleɪts əv ðə ər dɪˈrɛkli ˈkəpəld tɪ ə pɛr əv ˈbəfərz. aɪ juzd ðə hir, bɪˈkəz aɪv hæd gʊd səkˈsɛs ˈjuzɪŋ ɪt. ˈəðərz wɪl wərk, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈbəfər. aɪ faʊnd ðət ðə geɪv ˈbɛtər pərˈfɔrməns, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ðət ɪt kənˈtrɪbjutɪd ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl hɑrˈmɑnɪk dɪˈstɔrʃən. ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt ɪz ˈkəpəld tɪ ðə ˈhɛdˌfoʊn ʤæk θru səm lɑrʤ ˌɪˌlɛktrəˈlɪtɪk kəˈpæsɪtərz (ˈbaɪˌpæst wɪθ smɔl fɪlm kæps). ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ə pɛr ər ʤæks kən bi juzd tɪ gɪt ə laɪn ˈaʊtˌpʊt, fər juz ɛz ə preamp*. wən əˈdɪʃən ðət ɪz nɑt ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈmɪlɪt ˈhaɪbrɪd ɪz ðə ˌɪnˈkluʒən əv ən ˈaʊtˌpʊt mˈjutɪŋ ˈsərkət. ðɪs kips ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt dɪˈseɪbəld fər əˈbaʊt tɛn ˈsɛkəndz ˈæftər power-up*, ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ðə bɪg "θəmp" ðət ju wʊd ˈəðərˌwaɪz hir ɛz ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt kəˈpæsɪtərz ʧɑrʤd. ðɪs ˈsərkət ɪz ə ˈsɪmpəl tɪ draɪv ðə ˈriˌleɪ kɔɪl, ənd səm daɪoʊdz ənd ən ˈsərkət ɔn ðə geɪt. wɪn ðə paʊər ɪz tərnd ɔn, ðə kəˈpæsətər ɔn ðə geɪt ɪz sˈloʊli ʧɑrʤd ənˈtɪl ðə geɪt ˈvoʊltɪʤ gɪts haɪ ɪˈnəf tɪ tərn ɔn ðə, wɪʧ pʊlz ɪn ðə ˈriˌleɪ. wɪn paʊər ɪz tərnd ɔf, ə daɪoʊd kˈwɪkli ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤəz ðə kæp ənd drɑps ðə ˈriˌleɪ. ðə ðə ɪz ʤɪst ˈəndər ɛks ðə saɪz wɑz ˈʧoʊzən tɪ fɪt ˈɪntu wən hæf əv ə ˈstændərd ˈplæstɪk bɑks frəm serpac*. kənˈstrəkʃən əˈsɛmbli ɪz ɛz ˈsɪmpəl ɛz ˈsɑdərɪŋ ɔl ðə pɑrts ˈɪntu ðə. tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈiziər tɪ bɪld, aɪv pʊt təˈgɛðər ə kəmˈplit dɪˈteɪld əˈsɛmbli ˈmænjuəl. ɪt həz ə lɔt əv ˈpɪkʧərz,. soʊ ɪts ə ˈprɪti bɪg 113mb*) faɪl ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludz ðə pɑrts lɪst (bɑm) ənd skɪˈmætɪk. sɪns ðə ˈditeɪlz ər ɔl ɪn ðɛr, aɪ woʊnt rɪˈpit ðɛm hir ɔn ðə wɛb peɪʤ. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə pɑrts lɪst (bɑm) baɪ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪn ər ˈfɔrˌmæt. pɑrts kəm frəm tu ˈsɔrsəz: ðə ənd ər soʊld baɪ mi θru maɪ ˈiˌbeɪ stɔr. ðə rɛst əv ðə pɑrts kən bi bɔt frəm ˈmaʊzər ər digikey*. tɪ meɪk θɪŋz ˈiziər, aɪ hæv ʃɛrd ə ˈprɑʤɛkt æt ˈmaʊzər ðət ju kən ˈækˌsɛs ənd ˈprɪti məʧ ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli baɪ ɔl əv ðə pɑrts ˈnidɪd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈplæstɪk keɪs, nɑb, ənd ˈeɪˈsi əˈdæptər. ju kən ˈɛdət jʊr kɑrt ˈæftər ˈloʊdɪŋ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ðə ʃɛrd ˈprɑʤɛkt, goʊ tɪ ər ənd ˈɛnər ðɪs ˈækˌsɛs koʊd: ˈəpˌgreɪdz aɪ æm ˈɔfən æst wət kən bi dən tɪ ˈəpˈgreɪd ðə dɪˈzaɪnz ðət aɪ ˈpəblɪʃ. ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ðɛr ər ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈəpˌgreɪdz ðət aɪ wɪl ˈmɛnʃən raɪt aʊt əv ðə geɪt. ðeɪ ər ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊn ɪn ðə noʊts ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə pɑrts lɪst. wən ɪz ðə ˈvɑljum kənˈtroʊl pɑt. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ɔl smɔl (ənd ʧip) ˈvɑljum kənˈtroʊlz sək. ðeɪ hæv lɑts əv ˈʧænəl ˈmɪsˌmæʧ, ənd ðeɪ ər ˈnɔɪzi ər gɪt wɪθ taɪm. ðə pɑt aɪ juzd hir ɪz nɑt bæd, bət ɪt ɪz ˈnɔɪzi æt ðə ˈbɑtəm ɛnd əv ˈtrævəl, wɪʧ bəgz mi. soʊ ɔn ðɪs aɪ pʊt ɪn pædz fər ðə ˈstændərd (ælps ər ˈəðərz) smɔl ʧip kənˈtroʊl, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ə ðə pɑt ɪz əˈveɪləbəl frəm ˌɔˈdioʊˌfil pɑrts ˈsɔrsəz, laɪk pɑrts kəˈnɛkʃən. ɪt ɪz ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ɪt kɔsts əˈbaʊt 40 wɪʧ ɪz ə lɔt kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə rɛst əv ðɪs ɪnˈtaɪər ˈæmpləˌfaɪər wɪl kɔst əˈbaʊt 116 tɪ bɪld. bət ɪf ju du wən ˈəpˈgreɪd, aɪ wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs wən. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ bɪld ɪt wɪθ ðə ˈstændərd pɑt ənd ˌɪnˈstɔl ðə ˈəpˈgreɪd ˈleɪtər, ɪt ɪz ˈpeɪnfəli ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ riˈmuv ðə smɔl pɑt tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ɪt ɪf ju traɪ ɪt, aɪ wʊd səˈʤɛst ˌɛnˈlɪst ðə hɛlp əv ə ˈsɑdərɪŋ ˈɛkspərt tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ðə ˈpʊlɪŋ ɪt aʊt. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈəpˈgreɪd kəˈpæsɪtərz ðə ˌɪˌlɛktrəˈlɪtɪk kæps aɪ juzd ər ˈprɪti gʊd "faɪn goʊld" ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˌɪˌlɛktrəˈlɪtɪk kæps ənd ˌpɑˌliˈɛθəˌlin fɪlm kæps), bət ju meɪ wɔnt tɪ juz ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈəpˈgreɪd ðə kəˈnɛktərz tɪ hæv goʊld ˈpleɪtɪŋ fər ə fju ˈdɔlərz ɪf ju wɔnt. ju kən ˈsəbstəˌtut jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt ər ˈbəfər fər ðə ɪt nidz tɪ səˈpɔrt ə paʊər səˈplaɪ, ənd bi ˈjunɪti geɪn ˈsteɪbəl. ˈəðər ðən ðət ɪts əp tɪ ju. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə trænˈzɪstərz meɪk səˈpraɪzɪŋli gʊd ˈfɑloʊərz, ɪts ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ swɑp ɪn ə ʤfɛt laɪk ðə (ər ɪf ju du ðət, æd ə geɪt ˈstɑpər tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˌɑsəˈleɪʃən ɪn ˈsɪriz wɪθ ðə geɪt ˈtərmənəl wərks. pərˈfɔrməns ˈmɛʒərmənts ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, ðə æmp pərˈfɔrmz ə lɔt laɪk ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈmɪlɪt ˈhaɪbrɪd æmp. aɪ meɪd noʊ əˈtɛmpt tɪ twik ər trɪm ðə geɪn, soʊ ðə geɪn ɪz wət ju gɪt frəm ðə steɪʤ. ɪn ðɪs keɪs ɪt gɪvz ə ˈvoʊltɪʤ geɪn əv əˈbaʊt 6x*. ðɪs simz ˈoʊˈkeɪ fər moʊst ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ðoʊ ɪts ə ˈlɪtəl ɔn ðə haɪ saɪd fər ənd ə fju ˈvɛri haɪ ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz. draɪv ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt ˈbəfər. wɪθ ðə juzd ɔl ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz ðət aɪ noʊ əv kən bi ˈdrɪvən. ðə ˈfrikwənsi rɪˈspɑns ɪz ˈprɪti flæt. rɪˈspɑns ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈkəplɪŋ kæps, boʊθ æt ðə ˈɪnˌpʊt (ɪn ðə keɪs əv haɪ ˌɪmˈpidəns ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz) ənd æt ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt (fər loʊər ˌɪmˈpidəns ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz). ɪn ˈɛni keɪs ðə rɪˈspɑns ɪz wɛl bɪˈloʊ 20hz*, ənd ðə rɪˈspɑns drɑps wɛl ˈoʊvər 40khz*: ju kən si ə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ˈlɛvəl bɪtˈwin ɛl ənd ɑr ˈʧænəlz. ðɪs ɪz du tɪ geɪn ˈmɪsˌmæʧ bɪtˈwin ðə tu hævz əv ðə. aɪ ˈdɪdənt prəˈvaɪd ə weɪ tɪ trɪm ðɪs, bɪˈkəz soʊ fɑr ðə ˈʧænəl ˈmæʧɪŋ həz bɪn wɪˈθɪn 1db*, wɪʧ ɪz ˈbɛtər ðən ðə ˈmæʧɪŋ əv ðə ˈʧænəlz ɪn ðə ˈvɑljum kənˈtroʊl pɑt, ənd fər moʊst ˈpipəl ˌɪˈnɔdəbəl. ən əv ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt ʃoʊz ˈtɪpɪkəl hɑrˈmɑnɪk ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks: wən əv ðə kul θɪŋz əˈbaʊt ðɪs æmp ɪz ðət, baɪ tˈwikɪŋ ðə baɪəs, ju kən ˈɔltər wɛt ðə hɑrˈmɑnɪk ˈmeɪˌkəp ɪz. ju kən ˈizəli teɪk ðə laɪn ˈaʊtˌpʊt ənd fid ɪt ˈɪntu ə saʊnd kɑrd ˈɪnˌpʊt, ənd juz ə ˈproʊˌgræm laɪk tɪ lʊk æt ən əv ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt. ðɛn ju kən twik ðə baɪəs pɑts tɪ tun ðə dɪˈstɔrʃən. ðɪs wɑz ˈteɪkən wɪθ ðə baɪəs sɛt tɪ gɪv æt ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt, wɪʧ ɪz kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈmɪnəməm ˈoʊvərˌɔl. ˈspikɪŋ əv wɪʧ... ðɪs plɑt ʃoʊz ˈvərsəz. ˈaʊtˌpʊt ˈlɛvəl. æt aʊt (ˈɔfən ðə pɔɪnt wi ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ˈhɛdˌfoʊn amps*), ɪz əˈbaʊt noʊ, ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə loʊ dɪˈstɔrʃən ˈæmpləˌfaɪər ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri məʧ laɪk ə ˈæmpləˌfaɪər wɪθ noʊ (wɪʧ, ɪn fækt, ɪt ɪz). ˈklɪpɪŋ 5) ɪf ju kən kɔl ɪt ðət, sɪns ɪt ɪz mɔr laɪk geɪn kəmˈprɛʃən əˈkərz æt əˈbaʊt aʊt. dɪˈstɔrʃən ʃoʊz ə nis ˈgræʤuəl raɪz wɪθ ˈaʊtˌpʊt ˈvoʊltɪʤ, wɪθ ðə ˈtɪpɪkəl nɔɪz "hʊk" æt ˈvɛri loʊ ˈlɛvəlz. ɪn ðə ˈfrikwənsi doʊˈmeɪn, ðə ɪz ˈprɪti flæt. ðə raɪz haɪ ˈfrikwənsi ɪz ˈlaɪkli slu reɪt ˈlɪmətɪŋ. bət lʊk æt ðə skeɪl ˈivɪn æt 20khz*, ðə ˈoʊnli ˈraɪzɪz fɔrm tɪ ðə saʊnd aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz heɪt tɪ traɪ ənd ˈænsər ðə kˈwɛʃən, "jæ, aɪ si ðə ˈmɛʒərmənts, bət wət dɪz ɪt saʊnd laɪk?" ðə ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr ɪn mi wɪl ˈsɪmpli seɪ ðət ɪt saʊnz laɪk ðə ˈmɛʒərmənts lʊk! ˈoʊˈkeɪ... ɪt saʊnz laɪk wət ɪt ɪz ə ˈæmpləˌfaɪər. ðə ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əv ðə ˈdɑməˌneɪt ðə saʊnd əv ðə ˈæmpləˌfaɪər. ðə ˈsɑləd steɪt pɑrts hæv səʧ loʊ dɪˈstɔrʃən ðət ðeɪ ˈrɪli du nɑt kənˈtrɪbjut məʧ. əˈlɔŋ ðə seɪm laɪnz, aɪ wʊd seɪ ðət ɪt saʊnz ə lɔt laɪk ðə ərˈɪʤənəl "ˈmɪlɪt ˈhaɪbrɪd" pərˈhæps sˈlaɪtli mɔr "tubey*", əˈspɛʃəli æt haɪ ˈvɑljumz. ˈjuzɪŋ ðə riˈmuvz ə ˈlɪtəl əv ðə dɪˈstɔrʃən ˈprɑdəkts ðət wər kɔzd baɪ ðə ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈhaɪbrɪd. ər... aɪ θɪŋk ɪt saʊnz ˈprɪti gʊd! aɪv bɪn ˈsɪtɪŋ hir ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ɪt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər taɪm aɪv bɪn ˈraɪtɪŋ ðɪs wɛb peɪʤ, θru səm hd600's*. ˈvɛri ˈplizɪŋ.

nine hundred years ago an arab traveler, as he walked through what is today iraq, observed: “to the right of the road to mosul is a depression in the earth, black as if it lay under a cloud. it is there that god causes the sources of pitch, great and small, to spurt forth.” (washingtonpost.com, oct. 21) that pitch was oil, which should be a source of wealth and prosperity to all of and residents. but the craving by u.s. imperialism for control over the ocean of oil in iraq, which led to the overthrow of the iraqi government in 2003 and long years of the occupation of the country, has wreaked terrible death and destruction on the iraqi people. and nowhere is that suffering more clearly evident than in the city of mosul. for nearly nine months, troops from the iraqi central government and from the kurdish region, supported by u.s. trainers and special troops and u.s. air power, battled the islamic state group (is) that had seized and occupied the city of mosul since 2014. this “coalition” dropped bombs on the city. the second largest city in iraq, mosul had a population of million in 2003. but the 2003 u.s. invasion and occupation took a terrible toll on the residents. and in the battle with is, some people were made homeless, with just remaining in the city. (pri.org, july 13) during an occupation of iraq, u.s. and british officials maintained their rule by creating and exacerbating religious and ethnic conflicts in the country. when the bulk of u.s. forces left in 2011, the iraqi government, and reactionary sectarian militias associated with it, carried out punitive measures against the resistance forces close to the former ruling party, which were often majority sunni muslims. thus, when is forces invaded the country in 2013 and took control of mosul in 2014, mosul residents hostile to the baghdad regime at first gave them some support. but over time the fanaticism and brutality of the is regime caused mosul residents to drop their support. and as the battle raged for control in the city, the population became hostages of the war between is and the iraqi government. airwars, a group that monitors casualties caused by the coalition, estimates that at the least nearly civilians were killed in the western mosul battle between february and june. some were killed by the u.s. bombing. uncounted thousands of bodies still lie under the rubble. (pri.org, july 13) on march 17, a single bomb dropped by a u.s. war plane on neighborhood killed some 200 civilians. a report by amnesty international, released a day after iraqi forces declared victory in mosul, stated that it had “identified a pattern of attacks by iraqi forces and the military coalition backing them that violated international humanitarian law and may amount to war crimes.” the report also accused is of committing war crimes by deliberately using civilians as human shields. (aljazeera.com, july 11) in the same article, united nations human rights chief al hussein told reporters: “the women, children and men of mosul have lived through hell on earth, enduring a level of depravity and cruelty that is almost beyond words.” he said that thousands of residents will not be able to go back to the city because of “extensive damage caused during the conflict.” the destruction of mosul is of concern to neither the tycoons on wall street nor the generals at the pentagon. they only care about the unimpeded flow of oil from the region and profits into their banks. but the terrible suffering caused by their wars and occupations must be recognized by all those who oppose their rule here and abroad. u.s. out of the middle east!

naɪn ˈhənərd jɪrz əˈgoʊ ən ˈærəb ˈtrævələr, ɛz hi wɔkt θru wət ɪz təˈdeɪ ˌɪˈrɑk, əbˈzərvd: ðə raɪt əv ðə roʊd tɪ ˈmoʊsəl ɪz ə dɪˈprɛʃən ɪn ðə ərθ, blæk ɛz ɪf ɪt leɪ ˈəndər ə klaʊd. ɪt ɪz ðɛr ðət gɑd ˈkɔzɪz ðə ˈsɔrsəz əv pɪʧ, greɪt ənd smɔl, tɪ spərt forth.”*.” (washingtonpost.com*, ɔkt. 21 ðət pɪʧ wɑz ɔɪl, wɪʧ ʃʊd bi ə sɔrs əv wɛlθ ənd prɑˈspɛrəti tɪ ɔl əv ənd ˈrɛzɪdənts. bət ðə ˈkreɪvɪŋ baɪ juz. ˌɪmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm fər kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈoʊʃən əv ɔɪl ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk, wɪʧ lɛd tɪ ðə ˈoʊvərθˌroʊ əv ðə ˌɪˈræki ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn 2003 ənd lɔŋ jɪrz əv ðə ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən əv ðə ˈkəntri, həz rikt ˈtɛrəbəl dɛθ ənd dɪˈstrəkʃən ɔn ðə ˌɪˈræki ˈpipəl. ənd ˈnoʊˌwɛr ɪz ðət ˈsəfərɪŋ mɔr ˈklɪrli ˈɛvədənt ðən ɪn ðə ˈsɪti əv ˈmoʊsəl. fər ˈnɪrli naɪn mənθs, trups frəm ðə ˌɪˈræki ˈsɛntrəl ˈgəvərnmənt ənd frəm ðə ˈkərdɪʃ ˈriʤən, səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ juz. ˈtreɪnərz ənd ˈspɛʃəl trups ənd juz. ɛr paʊər, ˈbætəld ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt grup (ɪz) ðət hæd sizd ənd ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ðə ˈsɪti əv ˈmoʊsəl sɪns 2014 ðɪs ““coalition”*” drɑpt bɑmz ɔn ðə ˈsɪti. ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈlɑrʤəst ˈsɪti ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk, ˈmoʊsəl hæd ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈmɪljən ɪn 2003 bət ðə 2003 juz. ˌɪnˈveɪʒən ənd ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən tʊk ə ˈtɛrəbəl toʊl ɔn ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts. ənd ɪn ðə ˈbætəl wɪθ ɪz, səm ˈpipəl wər meɪd ˈhoʊmləs, wɪθ ʤɪst rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsɪti. (pri.org*, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 13 ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən əv ˌɪˈrɑk, juz. ənd ˈbrɪtɪʃ əˈfɪʃəlz meɪnˈteɪnd ðɛr rul baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ənd ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪtɪŋ rɪˈlɪʤəs ənd ˈɛθnɪk ˈkɑnflɪkts ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. wɪn ðə bəlk əv juz. ˈfɔrsɪz lɛft ɪn 2011 ðə ˌɪˈræki ˈgəvərnmənt, ənd riˈækʃəˌnɛri sɛkˈtɛriən mɪˈlɪʃəz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ɪt, ˈkɛrid aʊt ˈpjunətɪv ˈmɛʒərz əˈgɛnst ðə rɪˈzɪstəns ˈfɔrsɪz kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈrulɪŋ ˈpɑrti, wɪʧ wər ˈɔfən məˈʤɔrəti ˈsuni ˈməzlɪmz. ðəs, wɪn ɪz ˈfɔrsɪz ˌɪnˈveɪdɪd ðə ˈkəntri ɪn 2013 ənd tʊk kənˈtroʊl əv ˈmoʊsəl ɪn 2014 ˈmoʊsəl ˈrɛzɪdənts ˈhɑstəl tɪ ðə ˈbægdæd rəˈʒim æt fərst geɪv ðɛm səm səˈpɔrt. bət ˈoʊvər taɪm ðə fəˈnætəˌsɪzəm ənd bruˈtælɪti əv ðə ɪz rəˈʒim kɔzd ˈmoʊsəl ˈrɛzɪdənts tɪ drɔp ðɛr səˈpɔrt. ənd ɛz ðə ˈbætəl reɪʤd fər kənˈtroʊl ɪn ðə ˈsɪti, ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən bɪˈkeɪm ˈhɑstəʤəz əv ðə wɔr bɪtˈwin ɪz ənd ðə ˌɪˈræki ˈgəvərnmənt. airwars*, ə grup ðət ˈmɑnətərz ˈkæʒəwəltiz kɔzd baɪ ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən, ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət æt ðə list ˈnɪrli səˈvɪljənz wər kɪld ɪn ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈmoʊsəl ˈbætəl bɪtˈwin ˈfɛbruˌɛri ənd ʤun. səm wər kɪld baɪ ðə juz. ˈbɑmɪŋ. ˌənˈkaʊntɪd ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈbɑdiz stɪl laɪ ˈəndər ðə ˈrəbəl. (pri.org*, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 13 ɔn mɑrʧ 17 ə ˈsɪŋgəl bɔm drɑpt baɪ ə juz. wɔr pleɪn ɔn ˈneɪbərˌhʊd kɪld səm 200 səˈvɪljənz. ə rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ˈæmnəsti ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl, riˈlist ə deɪ ˈæftər ˌɪˈræki ˈfɔrsɪz dɪˈklɛrd ˈvɪktəri ɪn ˈmoʊsəl, ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ɪt hæd ə ˈpætərn əv əˈtæks baɪ ˌɪˈræki ˈfɔrsɪz ənd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈbækɪŋ ðɛm ðət ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən lɔ ənd meɪ əˈmaʊnt tɪ wɔr crimes.”*.” ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkjuzd ɪz əv kəˈmɪtɪŋ wɔr kraɪmz baɪ dɪˈlɪbərətli ˈjuzɪŋ səˈvɪljənz ɛz ˈjumən ʃildz. (aljazeera.com*, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 11 ɪn ðə seɪm ˈɑrtɪkəl, juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈjumən raɪts ʧif æl huˈseɪn toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz: ˈwɪmən, ˈʧɪldrən ənd mɛn əv ˈmoʊsəl hæv lɪvd θru hɛl ɔn ərθ, ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈlɛvəl əv dɪˈprævəti ənd ˈkruəlti ðət ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst bɪɔnd words.”*.” hi sɛd ðət ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈrɛzɪdənts wɪl nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ goʊ bæk tɪ ðə ˈsɪti bɪˈkəz əv ˈdæmɪʤ kɔzd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə conflict.”*.” ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ˈmoʊsəl ɪz əv kənˈsərn tɪ ˈniðər ðə taɪˈkunz ɔn wɔl strit nɔr ðə ˈʤɛnərəlz æt ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn. ðeɪ ˈoʊnli kɛr əˈbaʊt ðə ˌənɪmˈpidɪd floʊ əv ɔɪl frəm ðə ˈriʤən ənd ˈprɑfɪts ˈɪntu ðɛr bæŋks. bət ðə ˈtɛrəbəl ˈsəfərɪŋ kɔzd baɪ ðɛr wɔrz ənd ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃənz məst bi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd baɪ ɔl ðoʊz hu əˈpoʊz ðɛr rul hir ənd əˈbrɔd. juz. aʊt əv ðə ˈmɪdəl ist!

ireland 24 france 9 the takes some believing. so too the performance. to lose their two most important players, their talisman and their leader, and then respond to put france away handsomely, also takes some beating given history at world cups. the mutual when the players returned moments after the end was entirely justified. but despite losing first johnny sexton at the end of the first quarter and then paul on half-time, no blow rocked this irish side. phenomenal, unyielding mental strength and spirit, helped by an umbilical link with a raucous irish crowd which had the millennium stadium rocking, ultimately devoured a blunt, france. the collective, as ever with this ireland, amounted to more than the sum of the individual parts. and in the face of a ferociously physical french assault, irish players kept looking for what little daylight there was in the thick blue line, kept clearing out, kept tackling and, in a game where line breaks were like teeth, managed a couple before drawing strength from an improved in the endgame. heroes nonetheless abounded, none more than ian madigan, who this mental strength with the and daring of his running and kicking game, while iain henderson somehow made light of losing with his in contact. others, such as rory best and devin toner, have rarely played better, the entire rose to the occasion with big, big games, as did murray and the immense robbie henhsaw. but there were no weak links in the chain. ireland’s world appeared to fall in before the mark when sexton was tackled hard by louis, and felt the full force of the number shoulder. despite the ferocity of the hit, it appears sexton had suffered a groin injury. nearing half-time ireland suffered another body blow, and a huge psychological one, when was off after the end of the with what seemed like a serious hamstring injury. o’connell tried to get to his feet, but. given a rousing reception, he managed a wave through his pain and crushing disappointment as he was off, but it was a cruel way to see his test career come to an end. ireland would also lose peter, who had a towering match, clearing out, poaching, tackling and counter-rucking. thierry crunching hits and tackle count were reminiscent of his stunning performance against new zealand in this stadium eight years ago, and france had plenty of oomph, but little ooh la la. ireland’s exit strategy focussed mostly on a rather than kicking long. the problem was that brice dulin and scott gathered the first three of them, and in addition to conceding territory, ireland also began by conceding four of the first five penalties. second captains ireland 24 france 9 - match highlights happily for the irish crowd, frederic michalak struck the post when his first kick, and hit the upright from long-range, before sexton opened the scoring after his little chip led to mathieu playing the ball from an position. spedding would cancel out that sexton penalty, and another one, with long-range kicks, before madigan spread confidence through his teammates and the irish support when making it. ireland should have been more ahead when a lovely strike move from ball saw tommy bowe, another big game player, drift through the french line from inside pass and draw but earls hold onto the pass. ireland went through many painstaking phases before henshaw kicked possession away and then, after kicked downfield, madigan attempted a risky rather than an up-and-under, which went out on the full. ireland would pay a hell of a price, if not on the scoreboard. as france attacked off the ensuing in the irish half,’s foot seemed to get caught in the turf as he attempted a poach and was cleared out. earls redeemed himself to some degree with a tackle from behind on, as did henshaw by lifting the siege when poaching for a turnover penalty on half-time. but the players left the pitch with out of the game, the tournament and test rugby. about the only positive of that grim scenario, was that ireland had 15 minutes to regroup. they had responded impressively to losing sexton and even more so now. with the battle resumed, an injury break in the minute led to the best version yet of ‘the fields’ heard on this, or any other day. almost immediately henshaw stood up and set off. although the move stalled, from the ensuing ireland went through the phases before rob kearney broke tackle and took to score. when knocked on, the crowd chanted “ole, ole, ole.” the french could not be heard. rory best was pinged for coming in from the side and sean, not for the first time, was for a turnover that could well have been given prior to this tournament. o’brien’s response was to pound the turf but, undeterred, make a brilliant turnover at the next ruck. back came ireland through the phases, but there was no way through, so madigan chipped for the increasingly influential henshaw to gather. but france won the turnover penalty, and after launching louis up the middle, was pinged for not rolling away. a morgan parra penalty brought the french to within a score, but henderson, at the peak of his stirring effort, drove bernard le roux back ten metres off a french and when alexandre dumoulin crossed in front of the carrier, ‘the fields’ reverberated around the millennium once more. it also summed up blunt attacking game. when madigan found a huge touch, it felt like a momentum shift, and it was, the final one. ireland attacked through the phases,, henderson, toner and best making yards in contact that they had no right to make. this was as much about desire and seeking relatively softer shoulders as sheer strength. murray then had the wit to touch the ball against the base of the posts with the owens having no need to take recourse to the tmo. a penalty for the revamped irish followed. madigan nailed it from 45 metres. more ‘oles’. another irish penalty. ireland now it to the backdrop of the fields. one of the great days. scoring sequence: 13 sexton pen; 16 pen; 19 sexton pen; 23 pen; 29 madigan pen; (half-time); 51 r kearney try; 64 parra pen; 72 murray try, madigan con; 76 madigan pen. france: scott (clermont auvergne); noa (clermont auvergne), mathieu (toulon), wesley (clermont auvergne), brice dulin (racing 92); frederic michalak (toulon), (toulon); eddy ben (racing 92), (toulon), (stade francais), pascal pape (stade francais), maestri (toulouse), thierry (toulouse) (capt), damien (clermont auvergne), louis (toulouse). replacements: benjamin kayser (clermont auvergne) for (69), vincent (clermont auvergne) for ben (43-48 and 65), nicolas mas (montpellier) for (63), alexandre (stade francais) for pape (73), bernard le roux (racing 92) for (55), morgan parra (clermont auvergne) for, remi tales (racing 92) for michalak (55), alexandre dumoulin (racing 92) for. ireland:rob kearney (ucd/leinster); tommy bowe (belfast harlequins/ulster), keith earls (young munster/munster), robbie henshaw (buccaneers/connacht), dave kearney (lansdowne/leinster); jonathan sexton (st. college/leinster), murray (garryowen/munster); cian healy (clontarf/leinster), rory best (banbridge/ulster), mike ross (clontarf/leinster), devin toner (lansdowne/leinster), paul (young munster) (capt), peter (cork constitution/munster), sean (ucd/leinster), jamie heaslip (dublin university/leinster). replacements: ian madigan (blackrock college/leinster) for sexton (28), iain henderson (ballynahinch/ulster) for (half=time), chris henry (malone/ulster) for (55), jack mcgrath (st. college/leinster) for healy (57), luke fitzgerald (blackrock college/leinster) for earls (62), nathan white (connacht) for ross (65), richardt strauss (old wesley/leinster) for best (74), (old crescent/leinster) for murray (75), referee: nigel owens

ˈaɪərlənd 24 fræns 9 ðə teɪks səm bɪˈlivɪŋ. soʊ tu ðə pərˈfɔrməns. tɪ luz ðɛr tu moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pleɪərz, ðɛr ˈtælɪsmən ənd ðɛr ˈlidər, ənd ðɛn rɪˈspɑnd tɪ pʊt fræns əˈweɪ ˈhænsəmli, ˈɔlsoʊ teɪks səm ˈbitɪŋ ˈgɪvɪn ˈhɪstəri æt wərld kəps. ðə mˈjuʧuəl wɪn ðə pleɪərz rɪˈtərnd ˈmoʊmənts ˈæftər ðə ɛnd wɑz ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd. bət dɪˈspaɪt ˈluzɪŋ fərst ˈʤɑni ˈsɛkstən æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə fərst kˈwɔrtər ənd ðɛn pɔl ɔn ˈhæfˌtaɪm, noʊ bloʊ rɑkt ðɪs ˈaɪrɪʃ saɪd. fəˈnɑmənəl, ənˈjildɪŋ ˈmɛntəl strɛŋθ ənd ˈspɪrɪt, hɛlpt baɪ ən əmˈbɪlɪkəl lɪŋk wɪθ ə ˈrɔkəs ˈaɪrɪʃ kraʊd wɪʧ hæd ðə məˈlɛniəm ˈsteɪdiəm ˈrɑkɪŋ, ˈəltəmətli dɪˈvaʊərd ə blənt, fræns. ðə kəˈlɛktɪv, ɛz ˈɛvər wɪθ ðɪs ˈaɪərlənd, əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ mɔr ðən ðə səm əv ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl pɑrts. ənd ɪn ðə feɪs əv ə fərˈoʊʃɪsli ˈfɪzɪkəl frɛnʧ əˈsɔlt, ˈaɪrɪʃ pleɪərz kɛpt ˈlʊkɪŋ fər wət ˈlɪtəl ˈdeɪˌlaɪt ðɛr wɑz ɪn ðə θɪk blu laɪn, kɛpt ˈklɪrɪŋ aʊt, kɛpt ˈtækəlɪŋ ənd, ɪn ə geɪm wɛr laɪn breɪks wər laɪk tiθ, ˈmænɪʤd ə ˈkəpəl ˌbiˈfɔr drɔɪŋ strɛŋθ frəm ən ˌɪmˈpruvd ɪn ðə ˈɛndgeɪm. ˈhɪroʊz ˌnənðəˈlɛs əˈbaʊndɪd, nən mɔr ðən ˈiən ˈmædɪgən, hu ðɪs ˈmɛntəl strɛŋθ wɪθ ðə ənd ˈdɛrɪŋ əv hɪz ˈrənɪŋ ənd ˈkɪkɪŋ geɪm, waɪl iˈeɪn ˈhɛndərsən ˈsəmˌhaʊ meɪd laɪt əv ˈluzɪŋ wɪθ hɪz ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt. ˈəðərz, səʧ ɛz ˈrɔri bɛst ənd ˈdɛvɪn ˈtoʊnər, hæv ˈrɛrli pleɪd ˈbɛtər, ðə ɪnˈtaɪər roʊz tɪ ðə əˈkeɪʒən wɪθ bɪg, bɪg geɪmz, ɛz dɪd ˈməri ənd ðə ˌɪˈmɛns ˈrɑbi henhsaw*. bət ðɛr wər noʊ wik lɪŋks ɪn ðə ʧeɪn. wərld əˈpɪrd tɪ fɔl ɪn ˌbiˈfɔr ðə mɑrk wɪn ˈsɛkstən wɑz ˈtækəld hɑrd baɪ luɪs, ənd fɛlt ðə fʊl fɔrs əv ðə ˈnəmbər ˈʃoʊldər. dɪˈspaɪt ðə fərˈɑsəti əv ðə hɪt, ɪt əˈpɪrz ˈsɛkstən hæd ˈsəfərd ə grɔɪn ˈɪnʤəri. ˈnɪrɪŋ ˈhæfˌtaɪm ˈaɪərlənd ˈsəfərd əˈnəðər ˈbɑdi bloʊ, ənd ə juʤ ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl wən, wɪn wɑz ɔf ˈæftər ðə ɛnd əv ðə wɪθ wət simd laɪk ə ˈsɪriəs ˈhæmˌstrɪŋ ˈɪnʤəri. traɪd tɪ gɪt tɪ hɪz fit, bət. ˈgɪvɪn ə ˈraʊzɪŋ rɪˈsɛpʃən, hi ˈmænɪʤd ə weɪv θru hɪz peɪn ənd ˈkrəʃɪŋ ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt ɛz hi wɑz ɔf, bət ɪt wɑz ə kruəl weɪ tɪ si hɪz tɛst kərɪr kəm tɪ ən ɛnd. ˈaɪərlənd wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ luz ˈpitər, hu hæd ə ˈtaʊrɪŋ mæʧ, ˈklɪrɪŋ aʊt, ˈpoʊʧɪŋ, ˈtækəlɪŋ ənd counter-rucking*. θɪˈri ˈkrənʧɪŋ hɪts ənd ˈtækəl kaʊnt wər ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt əv hɪz ˈstənɪŋ pərˈfɔrməns əˈgɛnst nu ˈzilənd ɪn ðɪs ˈsteɪdiəm eɪt jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ənd fræns hæd ˈplɛnti əv umf, bət ˈlɪtəl u lɑ lɑ. ˈɛksət ˈstrætəʤi ˈfoʊkɪst ˈmoʊstli ɔn ə ˈrəðər ðən ˈkɪkɪŋ lɔŋ. ðə ˈprɑbləm wɑz ðət braɪs ˈdulɪn ənd skɑt ˈgæðərd ðə fərst θri əv ðɛm, ənd ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ kənˈsidɪŋ ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, ˈaɪərlənd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈgæn baɪ kənˈsidɪŋ fɔr əv ðə fərst faɪv ˈpɛnəltiz. ˈsɛkənd ˈkæptənz ˈaɪərlənd 24 fræns 9 mæʧ ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ˈhæpəli fər ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ kraʊd, ˈfrɛdrɪk ˈmɪʧəlæk strək ðə poʊst wɪn hɪz fərst kɪk, ənd hɪt ðə ˈəˌpraɪt frəm ˈlɔŋˈreɪnʤ, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsɛkstən ˈoʊpənd ðə ˈskɔrɪŋ ˈæftər hɪz ˈlɪtəl ʧɪp lɛd tɪ ˈmæθju pleɪɪŋ ðə bɔl frəm ən pəˈzɪʃən. wʊd ˈkænsəl aʊt ðət ˈsɛkstən ˈpɛnəlti, ənd əˈnəðər wən, wɪθ ˈlɔŋˈreɪnʤ kɪks, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmædɪgən sprɛd ˈkɑnfədɛns θru hɪz ˈtimˌmeɪts ənd ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ səˈpɔrt wɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈaɪərlənd ʃʊd hæv bɪn mɔr əˈhɛd wɪn ə ˈləvli straɪk muv frəm bɔl sɔ ˈtɑmi boʊ, əˈnəðər bɪg geɪm pleɪər, drɪft θru ðə frɛnʧ laɪn frəm ˌɪnˈsaɪd pæs ənd drɔ bət ərlz hoʊld ˈɔntu ðə pæs. ˈaɪərlənd wɛnt θru ˈmɛni ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋ ˈfeɪzɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈhɛnˌʃɔ kɪkt pəˈzɛʃən əˈweɪ ənd ðɛn, ˈæftər kɪkt downfield*, ˈmædɪgən əˈtɛmptəd ə ˈrɪski ˈrəðər ðən ən up-and-under*, wɪʧ wɛnt aʊt ɔn ðə fʊl. ˈaɪərlənd wʊd peɪ ə hɛl əv ə praɪs, ɪf nɑt ɔn ðə ˈskɔrˌbɔrd. ɛz fræns əˈtækt ɔf ðə ˈɛnsuɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ hæf, fʊt simd tɪ gɪt kɔt ɪn ðə tərf ɛz hi əˈtɛmptəd ə poʊʧ ənd wɑz klɪrd aʊt. ərlz rɪˈdimd hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ səm dɪˈgri wɪθ ə ˈtækəl frəm bɪˈhaɪnd ɔn, ɛz dɪd ˈhɛnˌʃɔ baɪ ˈlɪftɪŋ ðə siʤ wɪn ˈpoʊʧɪŋ fər ə ˈtərˌnoʊvər ˈpɛnəlti ɔn ˈhæfˌtaɪm. bət ðə pleɪərz lɛft ðə pɪʧ wɪθ aʊt əv ðə geɪm, ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt ənd tɛst ˈrəgbi. əˈbaʊt ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpɑzətɪv əv ðət grɪm sɪˈnɛrioʊ, wɑz ðət ˈaɪərlənd hæd 15 ˈmɪnəts tɪ riˈgrup. ðeɪ hæd rɪˈspɑndɪd ˌɪmˈprɛsɪvli tɪ ˈluzɪŋ ˈsɛkstən ənd ˈivɪn mɔr soʊ naʊ. wɪθ ðə ˈbætəl rɪˈzumd, ən ˈɪnʤəri breɪk ɪn ðə ˈmɪnət lɛd tɪ ðə bɛst ˈvərʒən jɛt əv fields’*’ hərd ɔn ðɪs, ər ˈɛni ˈəðər deɪ. ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈhɛnˌʃɔ stʊd əp ənd sɛt ɔf. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə muv stɔld, frəm ðə ˈɛnsuɪŋ ˈaɪərlənd wɛnt θru ðə ˈfeɪzɪz ˌbiˈfɔr rɑb ˈkərni broʊk ˈtækəl ənd tʊk tɪ skɔr. wɪn nɑkt ɔn, ðə kraʊd ˈʧæntɪd ““ole*, ˌoʊˈleɪ, ole.”*.” ðə frɛnʧ kʊd nɑt bi hərd. ˈrɔri bɛst wɑz pɪŋd fər ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn frəm ðə saɪd ənd ʃɔn, nɑt fər ðə fərst taɪm, wɑz fər ə ˈtərˌnoʊvər ðət kʊd wɛl hæv bɪn ˈgɪvɪn praɪər tɪ ðɪs ˈtʊrnəmənt. rɪˈspɑns wɑz tɪ paʊnd ðə tərf bət, ˌəndɪˈtərd, meɪk ə ˈbrɪljənt ˈtərˌnoʊvər æt ðə nɛkst rək. bæk keɪm ˈaɪərlənd θru ðə ˈfeɪzɪz, bət ðɛr wɑz noʊ weɪ θru, soʊ ˈmædɪgən ʧɪpt fər ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈhɛnˌʃɔ tɪ ˈgæðər. bət fræns wən ðə ˈtərˌnoʊvər ˈpɛnəlti, ənd ˈæftər ˈlɔnʧɪŋ luɪs əp ðə ˈmɪdəl, wɑz pɪŋd fər nɑt ˈroʊlɪŋ əˈweɪ. ə ˈmɔrgən ˈpɑrə ˈpɛnəlti brɔt ðə frɛnʧ tɪ wɪˈθɪn ə skɔr, bət ˈhɛndərsən, æt ðə pik əv hɪz stərɪŋ ˈɛfərt, droʊv ˈbərnərd lə ru bæk tɛn ˈmitərz ɔf ə frɛnʧ ənd wɪn ælɪkˈsɑndər ˈdəmulæn krɔst ɪn frənt əv ðə ˈkɛriər, fields’*’ rɪˈvərbərˌeɪtɪd əraʊnd ðə məˈlɛniəm wəns mɔr. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ səmd əp blənt əˈtækɪŋ geɪm. wɪn ˈmædɪgən faʊnd ə juʤ təʧ, ɪt fɛlt laɪk ə moʊˈmɛntəm ʃɪft, ənd ɪt wɑz, ðə ˈfaɪnəl wən. ˈaɪərlənd əˈtækt θru ðə ˈfeɪzɪz,, ˈhɛndərsən, ˈtoʊnər ənd bɛst ˈmeɪkɪŋ jɑrdz ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt ðət ðeɪ hæd noʊ raɪt tɪ meɪk. ðɪs wɑz ɛz məʧ əˈbaʊt dɪˈzaɪər ənd ˈsikɪŋ ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈsɔftər ˈʃoʊldərz ɛz ʃɪr strɛŋθ. ˈməri ðɛn hæd ðə wɪt tɪ təʧ ðə bɔl əˈgɛnst ðə beɪs əv ðə poʊsts wɪθ ðə oʊənz ˈhævɪŋ noʊ nid tɪ teɪk ˈrikɔrs tɪ ðə tmo*. ə ˈpɛnəlti fər ðə riˈvæmpt ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈfɑloʊd. ˈmædɪgən neɪld ɪt frəm 45 ˈmitərz. mɔr ‘‘oles’*’. əˈnəðər ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈpɛnəlti. ˈaɪərlənd naʊ ɪt tɪ ðə ˈbækˌdrɑp əv ðə fildz. wən əv ðə greɪt deɪz. ˈskɔrɪŋ ˈsikwəns: 13 ˈsɛkstən pɛn 16 pɛn 19 ˈsɛkstən pɛn 23 pɛn 29 ˈmædɪgən pɛn (ˈhæfˌtaɪm 51 ɑr ˈkərni traɪ 64 ˈpɑrə pɛn 72 ˈməri traɪ, ˈmædɪgən kɑn 76 ˈmædɪgən pɛn fræns: skɑt (ˈklɛrˌmɑnt auvergne*); noʊə (ˈklɛrˌmɑnt auvergne*), ˈmæθju (toulon*), ˈwɛsli (ˈklɛrˌmɑnt auvergne*), braɪs ˈdulɪn (ˈreɪsɪŋ 92 ˈfrɛdrɪk ˈmɪʧəlæk (toulon*), (toulon*); ˈɛdi bɛn (ˈreɪsɪŋ 92 (toulon*), (steɪd frɑnˈseɪ), pæˈskæl peɪp (steɪd frɑnˈseɪ), mɑˈɛstri (tuˈluz), θɪˈri (tuˈluz) (capt*), ˈdeɪmiən (ˈklɛrˌmɑnt auvergne*), luɪs (tuˈluz). riˈpleɪsmənts: ˈbɛnʤəmən ˈkeɪzər (ˈklɛrˌmɑnt auvergne*) fər 69), ˈvɪnsɪnt (ˈklɛrˌmɑnt auvergne*) fər bɛn ənd 65), ˈnɪkɔləs mɑz (montpellier*) fər 63), ælɪkˈsɑndər (steɪd frɑnˈseɪ) fər peɪp 73), ˈbərnərd lə ru (ˈreɪsɪŋ 92 fər 55), ˈmɔrgən ˈpɑrə (ˈklɛrˌmɑnt auvergne*) fər, ˈrɛmi teɪlz (ˈreɪsɪŋ 92 fər ˈmɪʧəlæk 55), ælɪkˈsɑndər ˈdəmulæn (ˈreɪsɪŋ 92 fər. ˈkərni (ucd/leinster*); ˈtɑmi boʊ (ˈbɛlˌfæst harlequins/ulster*), kiθ ərlz (jəŋ munster/munster*), ˈrɑbi ˈhɛnˌʃɔ (buccaneers/connacht*), deɪv ˈkərni (lansdowne/leinster*); ˈʤɑnəθən ˈsɛkstən (st*. college/leinster*), ˈməri (garryowen/munster*); ʃin ˈhili (clontarf/leinster*), ˈrɔri bɛst (banbridge/ulster*), maɪk rɔs (clontarf/leinster*), ˈdɛvɪn ˈtoʊnər (lansdowne/leinster*), pɔl (jəŋ ˈmənstər) (capt*), ˈpitər (kɔrk constitution/munster*), ʃɔn (ucd/leinster*), ˈʤeɪmi ˈhislɪp (ˈdəblɪn university/leinster*). riˈpleɪsmənts: ˈiən ˈmædɪgən (ˈblæˌkrɑk college/leinster*) fər ˈsɛkstən 28), iˈeɪn ˈhɛndərsən (ballynahinch/ulster*) fər (half=time*), krɪs ˈhɛnri (malone/ulster*) fər 55), ʤæk məˈgræθ (st*. college/leinster*) fər ˈhili 57), luk fɪtsˈʤɛrəld (ˈblæˌkrɑk college/leinster*) fər ərlz 62), ˈneɪθən waɪt (connacht*) fər rɔs 65), ˈrɪkɑrt straʊs (oʊld wesley/leinster*) fər bɛst 74), (oʊld crescent/leinster*) fər ˈməri 75), ˌrɛfərˈi: ˈnaɪʤəl oʊənz

image copyright ap image caption the greek said it had tried to save the migrants the un has called for an inquiry after a boat carrying migrants capsized while being towed by a greek vessel, leaving up to twelve dead. two bodies were found but a further 10 people were missing after the incident near the island of on monday. sixteen people were rescued. the says it judged it safer to keep migrants on their own boat than to take them aboard in bad weather. greek officials say panicking migrants caused the boat to capsize themselves. according to reports, two migrants fell or dived overboard and others rushed to one side of the boat to rescue them, causing the boat to tip. the deaths of a woman and a child have been confirmed. one non-government organisation, pro, accused the greek authorities of trying illegally to prevent the migrants, believed to be 26 afghans and two syrians, landing in greece. "it is highly likely that this action by the greek was an illegal operation rather than a rescue at sea," said karl kopp, the director of european affairs. another ngo,, said: "survivors tell that they were crying out for help, given that a large number of children and babies were on board." greece is one of the main destinations for clandestine migrants and refugees seeking to enter the eu, through its land or sea borders. correspondents say there has been a sharp increase in refugee traffic over the past year because of stricter controls on the land border to the north and the ongoing war in syria. 'more bodies' in a statement on tuesday, the un refugee agency (unhcr) said it was "dismayed" at the events off. it quoted survivors on the island of as saying the greek had tried to tow the boat towards the turkish coast at high speed when it capsized. "unhcr is urging the authorities to investigate this incident and how lives were lost on a boat that was under tow," said laurens jolles, its southern europe regional representative. "in addition survivors need to be quickly moved to the mainland so that their needs can be better looked after." responding to the un on wednesday, the greek insisted it had been trying to tow the boat, which had broken down, to - and not to turkey - after receiving a distress signal. it put out a fire on the stricken boat and rescued 16 people from the water, it said. following the disaster, a greek helicopter searched the area, which is near the turkish coast, for survivors. according to a report in greek newspaper kathimerini, two more bodies have been found by the turkish authorities - those of an child and a woman. there have been persistent reports of greek officials forcing migrants back into turkish waters. pro and called for an "independent and effective investigation of the circumstances that caused such loss of life". "the ngos reiterate thats are illegal, endanger people's lives and have to end immediately," they said in a press release.

ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˌeɪˈpi ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ðə grik sɛd ɪt hæd traɪd tɪ seɪv ðə ˈmaɪgrənts ðə ˈjuˈɛn həz kɔld fər ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈæftər ə boʊt ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈmaɪgrənts ˈkæpˌsaɪzd waɪl biɪŋ toʊd baɪ ə grik ˈvɛsəl, ˈlivɪŋ əp tɪ twɛlv dɛd. tu ˈbɑdiz wər faʊnd bət ə ˈfərðər 10 ˈpipəl wər ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈæftər ðə ˈɪnsədənt nɪr ðə ˈaɪlənd əv ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈsɪkˈstin ˈpipəl wər ˈrɛskjud. ðə sɪz ɪt ʤəʤd ɪt ˈseɪfər tɪ kip ˈmaɪgrənts ɔn ðɛr oʊn boʊt ðən tɪ teɪk ðɛm əˈbɔrd ɪn bæd ˈwɛðər. grik əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ ˈpænɪkɪŋ ˈmaɪgrənts kɔzd ðə boʊt tɪ ˈkæpˌsaɪz ðɛmˈsɛlvz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts, tu ˈmaɪgrənts fɛl ər daɪvd ˈoʊvərˌbɔrd ənd ˈəðərz rəʃt tɪ wən saɪd əv ðə boʊt tɪ ˈrɛskju ðɛm, ˈkɔzɪŋ ðə boʊt tɪ tɪp. ðə dɛθs əv ə ˈwʊmən ənd ə ʧaɪld hæv bɪn kənˈfərmd. wən nɑnˈgəvərnmənt ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən, proʊ, əˈkjuzd ðə grik əˈθɔrətiz əv traɪɪŋ ˌɪˈligəli tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðə ˈmaɪgrənts, bɪˈlivd tɪ bi 26 ˈæfˌgænz ənd tu ˈsɪriənz, ˈlændɪŋ ɪn gris. "ɪt ɪz ˈhaɪli ˈlaɪkli ðət ðɪs ˈækʃən baɪ ðə grik wɑz ən ˌɪˈligəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈrɛskju æt si," sɛd kɑrl kɑp, ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən əˈfɛrz. əˈnəðər ɛŋˈgoʊ,, sɛd: "sərˈvaɪvərz tɛl ðət ðeɪ wər kraɪɪŋ aʊt fər hɛlp, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˈbeɪbiz wər ɔn bɔrd." gris ɪz wən əv ðə meɪn ˌdɛstəˈneɪʃənz fər klænˈdɛstɪn ˈmaɪgrənts ənd ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ˈɛnər ðə eu*, θru ɪts lænd ər si ˈbɔrdərz. ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənts seɪ ðɛr həz bɪn ə ʃɑrp ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈrɛfjuʤi ˈtræfɪk ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪr bɪˈkəz əv ˈstrɪktər kənˈtroʊlz ɔn ðə lænd ˈbɔrdər tɪ ðə nɔrθ ənd ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ wɔr ɪn ˈsɪriə. 'mɔr ˈbɑdiz' ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ðə ˈjuˈɛn ˈrɛfjuʤi ˈeɪʤənsi (unhcr*) sɛd ɪt wɑz "dɪsˈmeɪd" æt ðə ɪˈvɛnts ɔf. ɪt kˈwoʊtɪd sərˈvaɪvərz ɔn ðə ˈaɪlənd əv ɛz seɪɪŋ ðə grik hæd traɪd tɪ toʊ ðə boʊt təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈtərkɪʃ koʊst æt haɪ spid wɪn ɪt ˈkæpˌsaɪzd. ɪz ˈərʤɪŋ ðə əˈθɔrətiz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðɪs ˈɪnsədənt ənd haʊ lɪvz wər lɔst ɔn ə boʊt ðət wɑz ˈəndər toʊ," sɛd ˈlɔrənz jolles*, ɪts ˈsəðərn ˈjʊrəp ˈriʤənəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv. "ɪn əˈdɪʃən sərˈvaɪvərz nid tɪ bi kˈwɪkli muvd tɪ ðə ˈmeɪnˌlænd soʊ ðət ðɛr nidz kən bi ˈbɛtər lʊkt ˈæftər." rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛn ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ðə grik ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ɪt hæd bɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ toʊ ðə boʊt, wɪʧ hæd ˈbroʊkən daʊn, tɪ ənd nɑt tɪ ˈtərki ˈæftər rɪˈsivɪŋ ə dɪˈstrɛs ˈsɪgnəl. ɪt pʊt aʊt ə faɪər ɔn ðə ˈstrɪkən boʊt ənd ˈrɛskjud 16 ˈpipəl frəm ðə ˈwɔtər, ɪt sɛd. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə dɪˈzæstər, ə grik ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər sərʧt ðə ˈɛriə, wɪʧ ɪz nɪr ðə ˈtərkɪʃ koʊst, fər sərˈvaɪvərz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrt ɪn grik ˈnuzˌpeɪpər kathimerini*, tu mɔr ˈbɑdiz hæv bɪn faʊnd baɪ ðə ˈtərkɪʃ əˈθɔrətiz ðoʊz əv ən ʧaɪld ənd ə ˈwʊmən. ðɛr hæv bɪn pərˈsɪstənt rɪˈpɔrts əv grik əˈfɪʃəlz ˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈmaɪgrənts bæk ˈɪntu ˈtərkɪʃ ˈwɔtərz. proʊ ənd kɔld fər ən "ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ənd ˈifɛktɪv ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ðət kɔzd səʧ lɔs əv laɪf". "ðə ɛŋˈgoʊz riˈɪtərˌeɪt ðət ər ˌɪˈligəl, ɛnˈdeɪnʤər ˈpipəlz lɪvz ənd hæv tɪ ɛnd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli," ðeɪ sɛd ɪn ə prɛs riˈlis.

in a bid to keep the city streets cleaner, the maharashtra government on tuesday approved an law. if you now decide to spit on the streets, you will be fined and will have to spend a day performing community service at a public office or a government office, reported the times of india. however, this is for offenders, and the punishment and fine is higher for repeat offenders. for a offender, the fine will be plus community service, and for repeat offenders the fine will be plus five-day community service. maharashtra will become becomes the first state in india to get an law if cleared by the assembly. the state government has been planning to have a proper law in place for quite some time now. deepak, state public health minister told the indian had to bring in a punishment that would shame the offenders and hurt their ego. simply paying a penalty is not enough deterrent. offenders pay the paltry amount, and often think twice before repeating the act. so, we decided to bring in compulsory community service." the report said that offenders will be given a broom and asked to sweep a state government office or hospitals or a school. the law has been in the making for a few months now and said that the law will be in force in the next six months. "a law against spitting in public places is already in existence and in mumbai, the acts against people who spit in public. but it is not that effective," had said in january 2015, pointing to a rise in the number of cases of tuberculosis. "we will also check if we can suspend driving licence of a taxi or auto driver who spits in public places like roads. we will make the legislation effective so that there will be a deterrent for people who indulge in such activity," the minister had said. the new law is a precursor to banning chewing tobacco in public. experts said an effective law will bring down incidences of airborne diseases. "it will also affect the habit as people will be restrained from spitting out tobacco. this is a move towards a healthy lifestyle," said dr a bamne, executive health officer of municipal corporation (bmc). even if this is the first attempt by the state government to make mumbai a zone, earlier efforts by the and the maharashtra government have not been too fruitful. as early in 2007, the had deployed 'cleaning marshals' to keep spitters, those who litter, tobacco chewers in check. but the scheme came under a lot of flak over its implementation. soon, complaints started pouring in against the marshals.' political interference, of the marshals and corruption rendered the the entire system useless, an article in said. dr, however, reassured that there would be no political intervention with the law. "the committee will suggest who will be the implementing authority at various places and how to collect the fines. for instance, in mumbai city, commissioner will be the in-charge, but traffic police or police could be authorized to collect fine on the roads," the times of india quoted the health minister as saying. firstpost is now on. for the latest analysis, commentary and news updates, sign up for our services. just go to.com/whatsapp and hit the subscribe button.

ɪn ə bɪd tɪ kip ðə ˈsɪti strits ˈklinər, ðə ˌmɑhərˈɑʃˌtrə ˈgəvərnmənt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ əˈpruvd ən lɔ. ɪf ju naʊ ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ spɪt ɔn ðə strits, ju wɪl bi faɪnd ənd wɪl hæv tɪ spɛnd ə deɪ pərˈfɔrmɪŋ kəmˈjunɪti ˈsərvɪs æt ə ˈpəblɪk ˈɔfəs ər ə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɔfəs, ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðə taɪmz əv ˈɪndiə. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ɪz fər əˈfɛndərz, ənd ðə ˈpənɪʃmənt ənd faɪn ɪz haɪər fər rɪˈpit əˈfɛndərz. fər ə əˈfɛndər, ðə faɪn wɪl bi pləs kəmˈjunɪti ˈsərvɪs, ənd fər rɪˈpit əˈfɛndərz ðə faɪn wɪl bi pləs ˈfaɪvˌdeɪ kəmˈjunɪti ˈsərvɪs. ˌmɑhərˈɑʃˌtrə wɪl bɪˈkəm bɪˈkəmz ðə fərst steɪt ɪn ˈɪndiə tɪ gɪt ən lɔ ɪf klɪrd baɪ ðə əˈsɛmbli. ðə steɪt ˈgəvərnmənt həz bɪn ˈplænɪŋ tɪ hæv ə ˈprɑpər lɔ ɪn pleɪs fər kwaɪt səm taɪm naʊ. ˈdiˌpæk, steɪt ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ ˈmɪnɪstər toʊld ðə ˈɪndiən hæd tɪ brɪŋ ɪn ə ˈpənɪʃmənt ðət wʊd ʃeɪm ðə əˈfɛndərz ənd hərt ðɛr ˈigoʊ. ˈsɪmpli peɪɪŋ ə ˈpɛnəlti ɪz nɑt ɪˈnəf dɪˈtərrənt. əˈfɛndərz peɪ ðə ˈpɔltri əˈmaʊnt, ənd ˈɔfən θɪŋk twaɪs ˌbiˈfɔr rɪˈpitɪŋ ðə ækt. soʊ, wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ brɪŋ ɪn kəmˈpəlsəri kəmˈjunɪti ˈsərvɪs." ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɛd ðət əˈfɛndərz wɪl bi ˈgɪvɪn ə brum ənd æst tɪ swip ə steɪt ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɔfəs ər ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz ər ə skul. ðə lɔ həz bɪn ɪn ðə ˈmeɪkɪŋ fər ə fju mənθs naʊ ənd sɛd ðət ðə lɔ wɪl bi ɪn fɔrs ɪn ðə nɛkst sɪks mənθs. "ə lɔ əˈgɛnst ˈspɪtɪŋ ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈpleɪsɪz ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ɪn ɪgˈzɪstəns ənd ɪn ˌmʊmˈbaɪ, ðə ækts əˈgɛnst ˈpipəl hu spɪt ɪn ˈpəblɪk. bət ɪt ɪz nɑt ðət ˈifɛktɪv," hæd sɛd ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2015 ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ ə raɪz ɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkeɪsɪz əv təˌbərkjəˈloʊsɪs. "wi wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ʧɛk ɪf wi kən səˈspɛnd ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈlaɪsəns əv ə ˈtæksi ər ˈɔtoʊ ˈdraɪvər hu spɪts ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈpleɪsɪz laɪk roʊdz. wi wɪl meɪk ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ˈifɛktɪv soʊ ðət ðɛr wɪl bi ə dɪˈtərrənt fər ˈpipəl hu ˌɪnˈdəlʤ ɪn səʧ ækˈtɪvɪti," ðə ˈmɪnɪstər hæd sɛd. ðə nu lɔ ɪz ə priˈkərsər tɪ ˈbænɪŋ ʧuɪŋ təˈbæˌkoʊ ɪn ˈpəblɪk. ˈɛkspərts sɛd ən ˈifɛktɪv lɔ wɪl brɪŋ daʊn ˈɪnsədənsɪz əv ˈɛrˌbɔrn dɪˈzizɪz. "ɪt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ əˈfɛkt ðə ˈhæbət ɛz ˈpipəl wɪl bi riˈstreɪnd frəm ˈspɪtɪŋ aʊt təˈbæˌkoʊ. ðɪs ɪz ə muv təˈwɔrdz ə ˈhɛlθi ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl," sɛd ˈdɑktər ə bamne*, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv hɛlθ ˈɔfɪsər əv mjuˈnɪsəpəl ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən (bmc*). ˈivɪn ɪf ðɪs ɪz ðə fərst əˈtɛmpt baɪ ðə steɪt ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ meɪk ˌmʊmˈbaɪ ə zoʊn, ˈərliər ˈɛfərts baɪ ðə ənd ðə ˌmɑhərˈɑʃˌtrə ˈgəvərnmənt hæv nɑt bɪn tu ˈfrutfəl. ɛz ˈərli ɪn 2007 ðə hæd dɪˈplɔɪd 'ˈklinɪŋ ˈmɑrʃəlz' tɪ kip spitters*, ðoʊz hu ˈlɪtər, təˈbæˌkoʊ ʧuərz ɪn ʧɛk. bət ðə skim keɪm ˈəndər ə lɔt əv flæk ˈoʊvər ɪts ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən. sun, kəmˈpleɪnts ˈstɑrtɪd ˈpɔrɪŋ ɪn əˈgɛnst ðə ˈmɑrʃəlz.' pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns, əv ðə ˈmɑrʃəlz ənd kərˈəpʃən ˈrɛndərd ðə ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈsɪstəm ˈjusləs, ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪn sɛd. ˈdɑktər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˌriəˈʃʊrd ðət ðɛr wʊd bi noʊ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən wɪθ ðə lɔ. "ðə kəˈmɪti wɪl səˈʤɛst hu wɪl bi ðə ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ əˈθɔrəti æt ˈvɛriəs ˈpleɪsɪz ənd haʊ tɪ kəˈlɛkt ðə faɪnz. fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪn ˌmʊmˈbaɪ ˈsɪti, kəˈmɪʃənər wɪl bi ðə in-charge*, bət ˈtræfɪk pəˈlis ər pəˈlis kʊd bi ˈɔθərˌaɪzd tɪ kəˈlɛkt faɪn ɔn ðə roʊdz," ðə taɪmz əv ˈɪndiə kˈwoʊtɪd ðə hɛlθ ˈmɪnɪstər ɛz seɪɪŋ. ɪz naʊ ɔn. fər ðə ˈleɪtəst æˈnælɪsɪs, ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ənd nuz ˈəpˌdeɪts, saɪn əp fər ɑr ˈsərvɪsɪz. ʤɪst goʊ tɪ ənd hɪt ðə səbˈskraɪb ˈbətən.

ready to fight back? sign up for take action now and get three actions in your every week. you will receive occasional promotional offers for programs that support the journalism. you can read our privacy policy here. sign up for take action now and get three actions in your every week. thank you for signing up. for more from the nation, check out our latest issue subscribe now for as little as $2 a month! support progressive journalism the nation is reader supported: chip in $10 or more to help us continue to write about the issues that matter. the nation is reader supported: chip in $10 or more to help us continue to write about the issues that matter. fight back! sign up for take action now and send you three meaningful actions you can take each week. you will receive occasional promotional offers for programs that support the journalism. you can read our privacy policy here. sign up for take action now and send you three meaningful actions you can take each week. thank you for signing up. for more from the nation, check out our latest issue travel with the nation be the first to hear about nation travels destinations, and explore the world with kindred spirits. be the first to hear about nation travels destinations, and explore the world with kindred spirits. sign up for our wine club today. did you know you can support the nation by drinking wine? a few years ago, when i was still teaching at yale, i was approached by a student who was interested in going to graduate school. she had her eye on columbia; did i know someone there she could talk with? i did, an old professor of mine. but when i wrote to arrange the introduction, he refused to even meet with her. “i talk to students about graduate school anymore,” he explained. “going to grad a suicide mission.” ad policy the policy may be extreme, but the feeling is universal. most professors i know are willing to talk with students about pursuing a phd, but their advice comes down to three words: do it. (william pannapacker, writing in the chronicle of higher education as thomas benton, has been making this argument for years. see “the big lie about the ‘life of the mind,’” among other essays.) my own advice was never that categorical. go if you feel that your happiness depends on can be a great experience in many be aware of what in for. going to be in school for at least seven years, probably more like nine, and a very good chance that you get a job at the end of it. at yale, we were overjoyed if half our graduating students found positions. right—half. imagine running a medical school on thatis. as christopher newfield points out in the public university (2008), the kind of unemployment rate expect to find among high school dropouts. and this was before the financial collapse. in the past three years, the market has been a bloodbath: often only a handful of jobs in a given field, sometimes fewer, and as always, hundreds of people competing for each one. it supposed to be like this. when i started graduate school in 1989, we were told that the disastrous job market of the previous two decades would be coming to an end because the large cohort of people who had started their careers in the 1960s, when the postwar boom and the baby boom combined to more than double college enrollments, was going to start retiring. well, it did, but things kept getting worse. instead of replacing retirees with new hires, departments gradually shifted the teaching load to: adjuncts, postdocs, graduate students. from 1991 to 2003, the number of full-time faculty members increased by 18 percent. the number of increased by 87 almost half the entire faculty. but as jack schuster and martin finkelstein point out in their comprehensive study the american faculty (2006), the move to part-time labor is already an old story. less visible but equally important has been the advent and rapid expansion of full-time positions that are not. no one talks about this creation of yet another academic yet as far back as 1993, such positions already constituted the majority of new appointees. as of 2003, more than a third of full-time faculty were working off the tenure track. by the same year, “normal” kind of academic no more than 35 percent of the american faculty. the reasons for these trends can be expressed in a single word, or buzzword: efficiency. contingent academic labor, as faculty, part-time and full-time, are formally known, is cheaper to hire and easier to fire. it saves departments money and gives them greater flexibility in staffing courses. over the past twenty years, in other really, over the past has happened in academia is what has happened throughout the american economy. good, secure, appointments in the academy, union jobs on the factory being replaced by temporary, employment. * * * you’d think departments would respond to the conditions sending out their newly minted to face by cutting down the size of their graduate programs. if demand drops, supply should drop to meet it. in fact, many departments are doing the opposite, the job market be damned. more important is maintaining the flow of labor to their domestic sweatshops, the pipeline of graduate students who staff discussion sections and teach introductory and service courses like freshman composition and calculus. (professors also need to direct, or how would they justify their own existence?) as louis puts it in the marketplace of ideas (2010), the system is now designed to produce not so much as abds: students who, having finished their other degree requirements, are “all but dissertation” (or “already been dicked,” as we used to say)—i.e., people who have entered the long limbo of research and teaching that chews up four, five, six years of a young life. if anything, as notes, the phd glut works well for departments at both ends, since it gives them the whip hand when it comes to hiring new professors. graduate programs occupy a highly unusual, and advantageous, market position: they are both the producers and the consumers of academic labor, but as producers, they have no financial stake in whether their product “sells”—that is, whether their graduates get jobs. yes, a prestige is related, in part, to its placement rate, but only in relative terms. in a normal industry, if no firm sells more than half of what it produces, then either everyone goes out of business or the industry consolidates. but in academia, if no one does better than 50 percent, then 50 percent is great. programs have every incentive to keep prices low by maintaining the oversupply. still, a difference between a roger smith firing workers at general motors and the faculty of an academic department treating its students like surplus goods. for the ceo of a large corporation, workers are essentially entries on a balance sheet, separated from the boardroom by a great gulf of culture and physical distance. if they are treated without mercy, that is not entirely surprising. but the relationship between professors and graduate students could hardly be more intimate. professors used to be graduate students. they belong to the same culture and the same community. your dissertation director is your mentor, your role model, the person who spends all those years overseeing your research and often the one you came to graduate school to study under in the first place. you, in turn, are her intellectual progeny; if you make good, her professional pride. the economic violence of the academic system is inflicted at very close quarters. how professors square their roles in the teachers of individual students, of a system that exploits them as a do not know. denial, no doubt, along with the rationale that this is just the way it is, so what can you do? teaching is part of the training, you hear a lot, especially when supposedly liberal academics explain why unions are such a bad idea. students, not workers! but grad students teach because they have to learn how, even if the experience is indeed very valuable; they teach because departments need “bodies in the classroom,” as a professor i know once put it. i always found it beautifully apt that my old department occupies the same space where the infamous milgram obedience experiments were conducted in the early 1960s. (yes, really.) pay no attention to the screams you hear coming from the next room, the subjects were told as they administered the electric shocks, for their own perfect allegory of the relationship between tenured professors and graduate students (and tenured professors and professors, for that matter). well, but so what? a bunch of spoiled kids are having trouble finding is everybody else. so what. first of all, not spoiled. doing exactly what we always complain our brightest students do: eschewing the easy bucks of wall street, consulting or corporate law to pursue their ideals and be of service to society. academia may once have been a cushy gig, but now talking about highly talented young people who are willing to spend their living on subsistence wages when they could be getting rich (and their friends are getting rich), simply because they believe in knowledge, ideas, inquiry; in teaching, in following their passion. to leave more than half of them holding the bag at the end of it all, over 30 and having to scrounge for a new career, is a human tragedy. sure, lots of people have it worse. but another reason to care: also a social tragedy, and not just because it represents a colossal waste of human capital. if we make things better for the people entering academia, no going to want to do it anymore. and then it just be the students who are suffering. scholarship will suffer, which means the whole country will. knowledge, as constantly told, is a most important resource, and the great majority of knowledge is created in the more than ever, in fact, since industry is increasingly outsourcing research to universities where, precisely because graduate students cost less than someone who gets a real salary, it can be conducted on the cheap. (bell labs, once the flagship of industrial science, is a shell of its former self, having suffered years of cutbacks before giving up on fundamental research altogether.) it just the sciences that matter; it is also the social sciences and the humanities. and it just the latter that are suffering.ic physics in this country is all but dead. from 1971 to 2001, the number of degrees awarded in english declined by 20 percent, but the number awarded in math and statistics declined by 55 percent. the only areas of the liberal arts that saw an increase in awarded were biology and this at a time when aggregate enrollment expanded by something like 75 percent. on the work that is done in the academy depends the strength of our economy, our public policy and our culture. we need our best young minds going into atmospheric research and international affairs and religious studies, chemistry and and art history. by pursuing their individual interests, narrowly understood, departments are betraying both the values they are pledged to pursuit of knowledge, the spirit of critical inquiry, the extension of the humanistic the nation they exist to serve. we’ve been here before. pay was so low in the nineteenth century, when academia was still a profession, that in 1902 andrew carnegie created the pension plan that would evolve into tiaa-cref, the massive retirement fund. after world war ii, when higher education was seen as an urgent national priority, a consensus emerged that salaries were too small to attract good people. compensation soared through the and ’60s, then hit the skids around 1970 and recover for almost thirty years. no surprise that the percentage of college freshmen expressing an interest in academia was more than three times higher in 1966 than it was in 2004. but the answer now is not to raise professors’ salaries. professors already make enough. the answer is to hire more professors: real ones, not academic lettuce-pickers. yet the last thing schools are apt to do. what we have seen instead over the past forty years, in addition to the raising of a reserve army of contingent labor, is a kind of administrative elephantiasis, an explosion in the number of people working at colleges and universities who faculty, full-time or part-time, of any kind. from 1976 to 2001, the number of professionals ballooned nearly 240 percent, growing more than three times as fast as the faculty. coaching staffs and salaries have grown without limit; athletic departments are virtually separate colleges within universities now, competing (successfully) with academics. the size of presidential than $1 million in several dozen become notorious. nor is it only the presidents; the next six most highly paid administrative officers at yale averaged over $430,000 in 2007. as gaye tuchman explains in wannabe u (2009), a case study in the sorrows of academic corporatization, deans, provosts and presidents are no longer professors who cycle through administrative duties and then return to teaching and research. instead, they have become a separate stratum of managerial careerists, jumping from job to job and organization to organization like any other executive: isolated from the faculty and its values, loyal to an ethos of short-term expansion, and trading in the business blather of measurability, revenue streams, mission statements and the like. they do not have the long-term health of their institutions at heart. they want to pump up the stock price (i.e., u.s. news and world report ranking) and move on to the next fat post. if tenured, of course, life is still quite good (at least until the new provost decides to shut down your entire department). in fact, the revolution in the structure of academic work has come about in large measure to protect the senior. the faculty have steadily in recent decades; by 1998 more than half were 50 or older. mandatory retirement was abolished in 1986, exacerbating the problem. departments became “tenured in,” with a large bolus of highly compensated senior professors and room, increasingly squeezed in many cases, for just a few junior reason jobs have been so hard to find. contingent labor is desirable above all because it saves money for senior salaries (as well as relieving the tenure track of the disagreeable business of teaching low-level courses). by 2004, while pay for assistant and associate professors still stood more or less where it had in 1970, that for full professors was about 10 percent higher. what we have in academia, in other words, is a microcosm of the american economy as a whole: a aristocracy, a swelling and increasingly proletariat, and a shrinking middle class. the same bargain stabilizes the system: the middle, or at least the upper middle, the tenured, is allowed to retain its comfortable compensation packages, its workplace autonomy and its job return for acquiescing to the exploitation of the bottom by the top, and indirectly, the betrayal of the future of the entire enterprise. * * * but now those prerogatives are also under threat. i am not joining the call for the abolition of chorus that includes two of last most widely noticed books on the problems of colleges and universities, higher education?, by andrew hacker and claudia, and crisis on campus, by mark taylor. tenure certainly has its problems. it crowds out opportunities for young scholars and allows academic deadwood to accumulate on the faculty rolls. but getting rid of it would be like curing arteriosclerosis by shooting the patient. for one thing, it would remove the last incentive for any sane person to enter the profession. people still put up with everything they have to endure as graduate students and junior professors for the sake of a shot at that golden prize, and now going to take away the prize? no, it is not good for so many of rewards to be into a single moment of occupational transfiguration, one that sits like a mirage at the end of twelve or fifteen years of wandering. yes, the job market would eventually itself if the profession moved, say, to a system of contracts, as taylor suggests. but long before it did, we would lose a generation of talent. besides, how would the job market itself? if the people who now have tenure continued to serve under some other contractual system, the same surplus of labor would be chasing the same scarcity of employment. things would get better for new only if schools started firing senior people. which, as the way things work in other industries reminds us, they would probably be glad to do. why retain a when you can replace her with a at half the price? now a thought to swell a revenue stream. talk about efficiency. and what exactly are you supposed to do at that point if spent your career becoming an expert in, say, etruscan history? academia exists in part to support research the private sector pay for, knowledge that be converted into a quick buck or even a slow one, but that adds value to society in other ways. going to pursue that kind of inquiry if they know a good chance going to get thrown out in the snow when 50 (having only started to earn a salary when they were 30, to boot)? doctors and lawyers can set up their own practice, but a professor start his own university. this kind of thing is appalling enough when it happens to workers. in an industry that requires a dozen years of education just to gain an position, it is unthinkable. nor should we the threat the abolition of tenure would pose to academic freedom, as hacker and do. “we have scoured all the sources we could find,” they write, “yet we could not find any academic research whose findings led to terminating the jobs of college faculty members.” yes, because of tenure. if deans and trustees and alumni and politicians rarely even try to have professors fired, that is precisely because they know they have so little chance of making it happen. before tenure existed, arbitrary dismissals were common. can you imagine what the current gang of newly elected state legislators would do if they could get their hands on the people who teach at public universities? (just look at what happened to william cronon, the university of wisconsin historian whose e-mails were demanded by the state republican party after he exposed the role of the american legislative exchange council in governor scott attack on public employee unions.) hacker and, who recognize the importance of academic freedom, call instead of tenure for presidents and trustees with “backbone” (a species as wonderful as the unicorn, and almost as numerous). sure, and as long as the king is a good man, we need democracy. academics play a special role in society: they tell us things we want to global warming, or the historical jesus, or the way we raise our children. why they need to have special protections. * * * but the tenure system, which is already being eroded by the growth of contingent labor, is not the only thing that is under assault in the top-down, academy. as cary nelson explains in no university is an island (2010), shared principle that universities should be controlled by their faculties, which protects academic values against the encroachments of the spreadsheet also threatened by the changing structure of academic work. contingent labor undermines it both one asks an adjunct what he thinks of how things indirectly. more people chasing fewer jobs means that everyone is squeezed for extra productivity, just like at wal-mart. as of 1998, faculty at four-year schools worked an average of about seven hours more per week than they had in 1972 (for a total of more than hours a week; the stereotype of the lazy academic is, like that of the welfare queen, a politically useful myth). not surprisingly, they also reported a shrinking sense of influence over campus affairs. got the time? academic labor is becoming like every other part of the american workforce: cowed, harried, docile, disempowered. in terms, the erosion of tenure and shared governance undermines the power of a large body of liberal professionals. in this it resembles the campaign against teachers unions. tenure, in fact, is a lot like unionization: imperfect, open to corruption and abuse, but incomparably better than the alternative. indeed, tenure is what professors have instead of unions (at least at private universities, where banned by law from organizing). as for shared governance, it is nothing other than one of the goals of the left: employee control of the workplace. yes, professors have it better than a lot of other workers, including a lot of others in the academy. but the answer, for the less advantaged, is to organize against the employers created the situation, not drag down the relatively privileged workers who yet suffering as badly: to level up, in other words, not down. of course, some sectors of the ones that educate the children of the wealthy and the upper middle to maintain their privilege. the class gradient is getting steeper, not only between contingent labor and the tenure track, and junior and senior faculty within the latter, but between institutions as well. professors at universities not only get paid a lot more than their colleagues at other four-year schools; the difference is growing, from 17 percent in 1984 to 28 percent in 2003. (their advantage over professors at community colleges increased during the same period from 33 percent to 49 percent.) the rich are getting richer. in 1970 (it seems like an alternative universe now) faculty at public colleges and universities actually made about 10 percent more than those at private schools. by 1999 the lines had crossed, and public salaries stood about 5 percent lower. the aggregate ratio at private colleges and universities is to 1; at public schools, it is to 50 percent higher. here we come to the most important issue facing american higher education. public institutions enroll about three-quarters of the college students, and public institutions are everywhere under financial attack. as nancy explains in saving state u (2010), a short, sharp, lucid account, spending on higher education has been falling as a percentage of state budgets for more than twenty years, to about two-thirds of what it was in 1980. the average graduation rate at state schools is now a dismal 60 percent, a function of class size and availability, faculty accessibility, the use of contingent instructors and other issues. private universities actually lobby against public funding for state schools, which they see as competitors. in any case, a large portion of state scholarship aid goes to students at private colleges (in some cases, more than kind of voucher system for higher education. meanwhile, public universities have been shifting their financial aid criteria from need to merit to attract applicants with higher scores (good old u.s. news again), who tend to come from wealthier families. costs at state schools have soared in recent years, from 18 percent of income for those in the middle of the income distribution in 1999 to 25 percent in 2007. estimates are that over the past decade, between million and million students have been prevented from going to college for financial 50 percent more than during the 1990s. and of course, in the present climate of universal fiscal crisis, it is all about to get a lot worse. * * * our system of public higher education is one of the great achievements of american civilization. in its breadth and excellence, it has no peer. it embodies some of our highest ideals: democracy, equality, opportunity, self-improvement, useful knowledge and collective public purpose. the same president who emancipated the slaves and funded the transcontinental railroad signed the morrill land grant act of 1862, which set the system on its feet. public higher education is a bulwark against hereditary privilege and an engine of social mobility. it is altogether to the point that the strongest state systems are not to be found in the northeast, the domain of the old wasp aristocracy and its elite private colleges and universities, but in places like michigan, wisconsin, illinois, virginia, north carolina and, above all, california. now the system is in danger of falling into ruin. public higher education was essential to creating the mass middle class of the postwar with it, a new birth of political empowerment and human flourishing. the defunding of public higher education has been essential to its slow destruction. in the public university, newfield argues that the process has been deliberate, a campaign by the economic elite against the class that threatened to supplant it as the leading power in society. social mobility is now lower in the united states than it is in northern europe, australia, canada and even france and spain, a fact that ought to be tattooed on the foreheads of every member of congress, so directly does it strike at identity as the land of opportunity. but it was not only the postwar middle class that public higher education helped create; it was the postwar prosperity altogether. knowledge, again, is our most important resource. states that balance their budgets on the backs of their public universities are not eating their seed corn; trampling it into the mud. my state of oregon, a chronic economic underperformer, has difficulty attracting investment, not because its corporate taxes are among the because its workforce is poorly educated. so it will be for the nation as a whole. our rate has fallen from second to eighth. and we are not just defunding instruction; we are defunding research, the creation of knowledge itself. stipends are so low at the university of california, berkeley, the research institution on the planet, that the school is having trouble attracting graduate students. in fact, the whole california system, the crown jewel of american public higher education, is being torn apart by budget cuts. this is not a problem; it is a calamity. private institutions are in comparable trouble, for reasons that will sound familiar: too much spending during the boom of it on construction, much of it driven by the desire to improve “market position” relative to competitors by offering amenities like new dorms and student centers that have nothing to do with teaching or by too much borrowing, has led to a debt crisis. among the class of academic managers responsible for the trouble in the first place, an industry of reform has sprung up, along with a literature of reform to go with it. books like crisis on campus, james saving alma mater (2009) and the most measured and of the ones come across, robert making reform work (2009), propose their variously visionary schemes. nearly all involve technology to drive efficiency. online courses, distance learning, instruction: this is the future being offered. why teach a required art history course to twenty students at a time when you can march them through a online textbook followed by a exam? why have professors or even graduate students grade papers when you can outsource them to around the country, even the world? why waste time with office hours when students can interact with their professors via e-mail? the other great know never see this the market. after all, it works so well in healthcare, and already trying it in primary and secondary education. garland, a former president of miami university of ohio (a public institution), argues for a voucher system. instead of giving money to schools, the state would give it to students, and the credit would be good at any nonprofit institution in the other words, at private ones as well. the student would run the show (as the customer should, of course), scouring the market like a savvy consumer. universities, in turn, “would compete with each tailoring their course offerings, degree programs, student services, and extracurricular activities” to the needs of our newly empowered, and the invisible hand would rain down its blessings. but do we really want our higher education system redesigned by the needs of high school seniors? this is what the british are about to try, and in a country with one of most distinguished intellectual traditions, they seem poised to destroy the liberal arts altogether. how much do even know about what they want out of college? about not only what it can get them, but what it can give them? these are young people who know what college is, who they are, who they might want to you need a college education, and specifically a liberal arts education, to help you figure out. * * * yet the liberal arts, as we know, are dying. all the political and parental pressure is pushing in the other direction, toward the “practical,” narrowly conceived: the instrumental, the utilitarian, the immediately negotiable. colleges and universities are moving away from the liberal arts toward professional, technical and vocational training. last year, the state university of new york at albany announced plans to close its departments of french, italian, russian, classics and wholesale slaughter of the humanities. when garland enumerates the fields a state legislature might want to encourage its young people to enter, he lists “engineering, agriculture, nursing, math and science education, or any other area of state importance.” apparently political science, philosophy, history and anthropology, among others, are not areas of state importance. wants to consider reducing college to three less time for young people to figure out what to study, to take courses in a wide range of disciplines, to explore, to mature, to think. when politicians, from barack obama all the way down, talk about higher education, they talk almost exclusively about math and science. indeed, technology creates the future. but it is not enough to create the future. we also need to organize it, as the social sciences enable us to do. we need to make sense of it, as the humanities enable us to do. a system of higher education that ignores the liberal arts, as jonathan cole points out in the great american university (2009), is what they have in china, where they want people to think about other ways to arrange society or other meanings than the authorized ones. a scientific education creates technologists. a liberal arts education creates citizens: people who can think broadly and critically about themselves and the world. yet of course it is precisely singapore, another great the obama administration holds up as the model to emulate in our new sputnik moment. funny; after the original sputnik, we decide to become more like the soviet union. but we possess that kind of confidence anymore. there is a large, public debate right now about primary and secondary education. there is a smaller, less public debate about higher education. what i fail to understand is why they the same debate. we all know that students in elementary and high school learn best in small classrooms with the individualized attention of motivated teachers. it is the same in college. education, it is said, is lighting a fire, not filling a bucket. the word comes from the latin for “educe,” lead forth. learning about downloading a certain quantity of information into your brain, as the proponents of online instruction seem to think. it is about the kind of interchange and leading forth of new ideas and can happen only in a seminar. (“seminar” being a fancy name for what every class already is from.) it is labor-intensive; it is face-to-face; it is one-at-a-time. the key finding of richard arum and academically adrift (2011), that a lot of kids learning much in college, comes as no surprise to me. the system is no longer set up to challenge them. if going to make college an intellectually rigorous experience for the students who already more, for all the ones we want to go if going to reach the goal of universal education, an objective that would double going to need a lot more teachers: well paid, institutionally supported, socially valued. as of 2003 there were about professors in the united states (as compared with about 6 million primary- and teachers). between reducing class sizes, reversing the shift to contingent labor and beefing up our rates, going to need at least five times as many. so the money supposed to come from? the same question we ask about the federal budget, and the answer is the same. still a very wealthy country. plenty of money, if we spend it on the right things. just as we need to wrestle with the $700 billion gorilla of defense, so do universities need to take on administrative edema and extracurricular spending. we can start with presidential salaries. universities, like corporations, claim they need to pay the going rate for top talent. the argument is not only exactly are they competing with for the services of these managerial titans, aside from one is beside the point. academia is not supposed to be a place to get rich. if your ego survive on less than $200,000 a year (on top of the prestige of a university presidency), you need to find another line of work. once, there were academic leaders who put themselves forward as champions of social progress: people like woodrow wilson at princeton in the 1900s; james conant at harvard in the 1940s; and kingman brewster at yale, clark kerr at the university of california and theodore at notre dame in the 1960s. what a statement it would make if the ivy league presidents got together and announced that they were going to take an immediate 75 percent pay cut. what a way to restore moral prestige and demonstrate some leadership again. but leadership will have to come from somewhere else, as well. just as in society as a whole, the academic upper middle class needs to rethink its alliances. its dignity will not survive forever if it fight for that of everyone below it in the academic hierarchy. (“first they came for the graduate students, and i speak out because i a graduate student…”) for all its pretensions to public importance (every professor secretly thinks a public intellectual), the is awfully quiet, essentially nonexistent as a collective voice. if academia is going to once again become a decent place to work, if our best young minds are going to be attracted back to the profession, if higher education is going to be reclaimed as part of the american promise, if teaching and research are going to make the country strong again, then professors need to get off their backsides and organize: department by department, institution to institution, state by state and across the nation as a whole. tenured professors enjoy the strongest speech protections in society. time they started using them.

ˈrɛdi tɪ faɪt bæk? saɪn əp fər teɪk ˈækʃən naʊ ənd gɪt θri ˈækʃənz ɪn jʊr ˈɛvəri wik. ju wɪl rɪˈsiv ɔˈkeɪʒənəl pərˈmoʊʃənəl ˈɔfərz fər ˈproʊˌgræmz ðət səˈpɔrt ðə ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm. ju kən rɛd ɑr ˈpraɪvəsi ˈpɑləsi hir. saɪn əp fər teɪk ˈækʃən naʊ ənd gɪt θri ˈækʃənz ɪn jʊr ˈɛvəri wik. θæŋk ju fər ˈsaɪnɪŋ əp. fər mɔr frəm ðə ˈneɪʃən, ʧɛk aʊt ɑr ˈleɪtəst ˈɪʃu səbˈskraɪb naʊ fər ɛz ˈlɪtəl ɛz 2 ə mənθ! səˈpɔrt prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm ðə ˈneɪʃən ɪz ˈridər səˈpɔrtɪd: ʧɪp ɪn 10 ər mɔr tɪ hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs kənˈtɪnju tɪ raɪt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɪʃuz ðət ˈmætər. ðə ˈneɪʃən ɪz ˈridər səˈpɔrtɪd: ʧɪp ɪn 10 ər mɔr tɪ hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs kənˈtɪnju tɪ raɪt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɪʃuz ðət ˈmætər. faɪt bæk! saɪn əp fər teɪk ˈækʃən naʊ ənd sɛnd ju θri ˈminɪŋfəl ˈækʃənz ju kən teɪk iʧ wik. ju wɪl rɪˈsiv ɔˈkeɪʒənəl pərˈmoʊʃənəl ˈɔfərz fər ˈproʊˌgræmz ðət səˈpɔrt ðə ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm. ju kən rɛd ɑr ˈpraɪvəsi ˈpɑləsi hir. saɪn əp fər teɪk ˈækʃən naʊ ənd sɛnd ju θri ˈminɪŋfəl ˈækʃənz ju kən teɪk iʧ wik. θæŋk ju fər ˈsaɪnɪŋ əp. fər mɔr frəm ðə ˈneɪʃən, ʧɛk aʊt ɑr ˈleɪtəst ˈɪʃu ˈtrævəl wɪθ ðə ˈneɪʃən bi ðə fərst tɪ hir əˈbaʊt ˈneɪʃən ˈtrævəlz ˌdɛstəˈneɪʃənz, ənd ɪkˈsplɔr ðə wərld wɪθ ˈkɪndrɪd ˈspɪrɪts. bi ðə fərst tɪ hir əˈbaʊt ˈneɪʃən ˈtrævəlz ˌdɛstəˈneɪʃənz, ənd ɪkˈsplɔr ðə wərld wɪθ ˈkɪndrɪd ˈspɪrɪts. saɪn əp fər ɑr waɪn kləb təˈdeɪ. dɪd ju noʊ ju kən səˈpɔrt ðə ˈneɪʃən baɪ ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ waɪn? ə fju jɪrz əˈgoʊ, wɪn aɪ wɑz stɪl ˈtiʧɪŋ æt jeɪl, aɪ wɑz əˈproʊʧt baɪ ə ˈstudənt hu wɑz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul. ʃi hæd hər aɪ ɔn kəˈləmbiə; dɪd aɪ noʊ ˈsəmˌwən ðɛr ʃi kʊd tɔk wɪθ? aɪ dɪd, ən oʊld prəˈfɛsər əv maɪn. bət wɪn aɪ roʊt tɪ əreɪnʤ ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən, hi rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ˈivɪn mit wɪθ hər. tɔk tɪ ˈstudənts əˈbaʊt ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul anymore,”*,” hi ɪkˈspleɪnd. tɪ græd ə ˈsuɪˌsaɪd mission.”*.” æd ˈpɑləsi ðə ˈpɑləsi meɪ bi ɪkˈstrim, bət ðə ˈfilɪŋ ɪz ˌjunəˈvərsəl. moʊst prəˈfɛsərz aɪ noʊ ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ tɔk wɪθ ˈstudənts əˈbaʊt pərˈsuɪŋ ə ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi, bət ðɛr ədˈvaɪs kəmz daʊn tɪ θri wərdz: du ɪt. (ˈwɪljəm pannapacker*, ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkrɑnɪkəl əv haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɛz ˈtɑməs ˈbɛntən, həz bɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɪs ˈɑrgjəmənt fər jɪrz. si bɪg laɪ əˈbaʊt ðə əv ðə mind,’”*,’” əˈməŋ ˈəðər ˈɛˌseɪz.) maɪ oʊn ədˈvaɪs wɑz ˈnɛvər ðət ˌkætəˈgɔrɪkəl. goʊ ɪf ju fil ðət jʊr ˈhæpinəs dɪˈpɛndz ɔn kən bi ə greɪt ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ˈmɛni bi əˈwɛr əv wət ɪn fər. goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ɪn skul fər æt list ˈsɛvən jɪrz, ˈprɑbəˌbli mɔr laɪk naɪn, ənd ə ˈvɛri gʊd ʧæns ðət ju gɪt ə ʤɑb æt ðə ɛnd əv ɪt. æt jeɪl, wi wər ˌoʊvərˈʤɔɪd ɪf hæf ɑr ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ ˈstudənts faʊnd pəˈzɪʃənz. right—half*. ˌɪˈmæʤən ˈrənɪŋ ə ˈmɛdɪkəl skul ɔn ðət ˈbeɪsɪs. ɛz ˈkrɪstəfər ˈnuˌfild pɔɪnts aʊt ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk ˌjunəˈvərsəti 2008 ðə kaɪnd əv ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪt ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ faɪnd əˈməŋ haɪ skul ˈdrɑˌpaʊts. ənd ðɪs wɑz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl kəˈlæps. ɪn ðə pæst θri jɪrz, ðə ˈmɑrkɪt həz bɪn ə ˈblədˌbæθ: ˈɔfən ˈoʊnli ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ʤɑbz ɪn ə ˈgɪvɪn fild, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz fjuər, ənd ɛz ˈɔlˌweɪz, ˈhənərdz əv ˈpipəl kəmˈpitɪŋ fər iʧ wən. ɪt səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi laɪk ðɪs. wɪn aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul ɪn 1989 wi wər toʊld ðət ðə dɪˈzæstrəs ʤɑb ˈmɑrkɪt əv ðə ˈpriviəs tu ˈdɛkeɪdz wʊd bi ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ən ɛnd bɪˈkəz ðə lɑrʤ ˈkoʊhɔrt əv ˈpipəl hu hæd ˈstɑrtɪd ðɛr kərɪrz ɪn ðə 1960s*, wɪn ðə ˈpoʊstˈwɔr bum ənd ðə ˈbeɪbi bum kəmˈbaɪnd tɪ mɔr ðən ˈdəbəl ˈkɑlɪʤ ɛnˈroʊlmənts, wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ stɑrt rɪˈtaɪrɪŋ. wɛl, ɪt dɪd, bət θɪŋz kɛpt ˈgɪtɪŋ wərs. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ riˈtaɪˈriz wɪθ nu haɪərz, dɪˈpɑrtmənts ˈgræʤuəli ˈʃɪftɪd ðə ˈtiʧɪŋ loʊd tɪ: ˈæˌʤəŋkts, postdocs*, ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts. frəm 1991 tɪ 2003 ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈfʊlˌtaɪm ˈfækəlti ˈmɛmbərz ˌɪnˈkrist baɪ 18 pərˈsɛnt. ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌɪnˈkrist baɪ 87 ˈɔlˌmoʊst hæf ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈfækəlti. bət ɛz ʤæk ˈʃustər ənd ˈmɑrtɪn ˈfɪŋkəlˌstin pɔɪnt aʊt ɪn ðɛr ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈstədi ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfækəlti 2006 ðə muv tɪ ˈpɑrtˈtaɪm ˈleɪbər ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ən oʊld ˈstɔri. lɛs ˈvɪzəbəl bət ˈikwəli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt həz bɪn ðə ˈædˌvɛnt ənd ˈræpɪd ɪkˈspænʧən əv ˈfʊlˌtaɪm pəˈzɪʃənz ðət ər nɑt. noʊ wən tɔks əˈbaʊt ðɪs kriˈeɪʃən əv jɛt əˈnəðər ˌækəˈdɛmɪk jɛt ɛz fɑr bæk ɛz 1993 səʧ pəˈzɪʃənz ɔˈrɛdi ˈkɑnstəˌtutəd ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv nu əˈpɔɪntiz. ɛz əv 2003 mɔr ðən ə θərd əv ˈfʊlˌtaɪm ˈfækəlti wər ˈwərkɪŋ ɔf ðə ˈtɛnjər træk. baɪ ðə seɪm jɪr, ““normal”*” kaɪnd əv ˌækəˈdɛmɪk noʊ mɔr ðən 35 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfækəlti. ðə ˈrizənz fər ðiz trɛnz kən bi ɪkˈsprɛst ɪn ə ˈsɪŋgəl wərd, ər ˈbəzwərd: ɪˈfɪʃənsi. kənˈtɪnʤənt ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈleɪbər, ɛz ˈfækəlti, ˈpɑrtˈtaɪm ənd ˈfʊlˌtaɪm, ər ˈfɔrməli noʊn, ɪz ˈʧipər tɪ haɪər ənd ˈiziər tɪ faɪər. ɪt seɪvz dɪˈpɑrtmənts ˈməni ənd gɪvz ðɛm ˈgreɪtər ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti ɪn ˈstæfɪŋ ˈkɔrsɪz. ˈoʊvər ðə pæst tˈwɛnti jɪrz, ɪn ˈəðər ˈrɪli, ˈoʊvər ðə pæst həz ˈhæpənd ɪn ˌækəˈdimiə ɪz wət həz ˈhæpənd θruaʊt ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ɪˈkɑnəmi. gʊd, sɪˈkjʊr, əˈpɔɪntmənts ɪn ðə əˈkædəmi, ˈjunjən ʤɑbz ɔn ðə ˈfæktəri biɪŋ ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ ˈtɛmpərˌɛri, ɪmˈplɔɪmənt. θɪŋk dɪˈpɑrtmənts wʊd rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ˈsɛndɪŋ aʊt ðɛr ˈnuli ˈmɪntɪd tɪ feɪs baɪ ˈkətɪŋ daʊn ðə saɪz əv ðɛr ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈproʊˌgræmz. ɪf dɪˈmænd drɑps, səˈplaɪ ʃʊd drɔp tɪ mit ɪt. ɪn fækt, ˈmɛni dɪˈpɑrtmənts ər duɪŋ ðə ˈɑpəzɪt, ðə ʤɑb ˈmɑrkɪt bi dæmd. mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪz meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ðə floʊ əv ˈleɪbər tɪ ðɛr dəˈmɛstɪk sˈwɛtˌʃɑps, ðə ˈpaɪˌplaɪn əv ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts hu stæf dɪˈskəʃən ˈsɛkʃənz ənd tiʧ ˌɪntrəˈdəktəri ənd ˈsərvɪs ˈkɔrsɪz laɪk ˈfrɛʃmən ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən ənd ˈkælkjələs. (prəˈfɛsərz ˈɔlsoʊ nid tɪ dɪˈrɛkt, ər haʊ wʊd ðeɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ðɛr oʊn ɪgˈzɪstəns?) ɛz luɪs pʊts ɪt ɪn ðə ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs əv aɪˈdiəz 2010 ðə ˈsɪstəm ɪz naʊ dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈproʊdus nɑt soʊ məʧ ɛz abds*: ˈstudənts hu, ˈhævɪŋ ˈfɪnɪʃt ðɛr ˈəðər dɪˈgri rɪkˈwaɪrmənts, ər bət dissertation”*” (ər bɪn dicked,”*,” ɛz wi juzd tɪ say)—i.e*., ˈpipəl hu hæv ˈɛnərd ðə lɔŋ ˈlɪmboʊ əv ˈrisərʧ ənd ˈtiʧɪŋ ðət ʧuz əp fɔr, faɪv, sɪks jɪrz əv ə jəŋ laɪf. ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ɛz noʊts, ðə ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi glət wərks wɛl fər dɪˈpɑrtmənts æt boʊθ ɛndz, sɪns ɪt gɪvz ðɛm ðə wɪp hænd wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈhaɪrɪŋ nu prəˈfɛsərz. ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈproʊˌgræmz ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ ə ˈhaɪli ənˈjuˌʒuəl, ənd ˌædvənˈteɪʤəs, ˈmɑrkɪt pəˈzɪʃən: ðeɪ ər boʊθ ðə prəˈdusərz ənd ðə kənˈsumərz əv ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈleɪbər, bət ɛz prəˈdusərz, ðeɪ hæv noʊ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl steɪk ɪn ˈwɛðər ðɛr ˈprɑdəkt ɪz, ˈwɛðər ðɛr ˈgræʤəˌweɪts gɪt ʤɑbz. jɛs, ə prɛˈstiʒ ɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd, ɪn pɑrt, tɪ ɪts ˈpleɪsmənt reɪt, bət ˈoʊnli ɪn ˈrɛlətɪv tərmz. ɪn ə ˈnɔrməl ˈɪndəstri, ɪf noʊ fərm sɛlz mɔr ðən hæf əv wət ɪt prəˈdusɪz, ðɛn ˈiðər ˈɛvriˌwən goʊz aʊt əv ˈbɪznɪs ər ðə ˈɪndəstri kənˈsɑlɪˌdeɪts. bət ɪn ˌækəˈdimiə, ɪf noʊ wən dɪz ˈbɛtər ðən 50 pərˈsɛnt, ðɛn 50 pərˈsɛnt ɪz greɪt. ˈproʊˌgræmz hæv ˈɛvəri ˌɪnˈsɛnɪv tɪ kip ˈpraɪsɪz loʊ baɪ meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ðə ˌoʊvərsəˈplaɪ. stɪl, ə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ə ˈrɑʤər smɪθ ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ˈwərkərz æt ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmoʊtərz ənd ðə ˈfækəlti əv ən ˌækəˈdɛmɪk dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈtritɪŋ ɪts ˈstudənts laɪk ˈsərpləs gʊdz. fər ðə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ə lɑrʤ ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən, ˈwərkərz ər ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈɛntriz ɔn ə ˈbæləns ʃit, ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd frəm ðə ˈbɔrˌdrum baɪ ə greɪt gəlf əv ˈkəlʧər ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈdɪstəns. ɪf ðeɪ ər ˈtritɪd wɪˈθaʊt ˈmərsi, ðət ɪz nɑt ɪnˈtaɪərli səˈpraɪzɪŋ. bət ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin prəˈfɛsərz ənd ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts kʊd ˈhɑrdli bi mɔr ˈɪnɪmət. prəˈfɛsərz juzd tɪ bi ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts. ðeɪ bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ ðə seɪm ˈkəlʧər ənd ðə seɪm kəmˈjunɪti. jʊr ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃən dɪˈrɛktər ɪz jʊr ˈmɛnˌtɔr, jʊr roʊl ˈmɑdəl, ðə ˈpərsən hu spɛnz ɔl ðoʊz jɪrz ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ jʊr ˈrisərʧ ənd ˈɔfən ðə wən ju keɪm tɪ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul tɪ ˈstədi ˈəndər ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ju, ɪn tərn, ər hər ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈprɑʤəni; ɪf ju meɪk gʊd, hər prəˈfɛʃənəl praɪd. ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈvaɪələns əv ðə ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈsɪstəm ɪz ˌɪnˈflɪktɪd æt ˈvɛri kloʊz kˈwɔrtərz. haʊ prəˈfɛsərz skwɛr ðɛr roʊlz ɪn ðə ˈtiʧərz əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈstudənts, əv ə ˈsɪstəm ðət ˈɛkˌsplɔɪts ðɛm ɛz ə du nɑt noʊ. dɪˈnaɪəl, noʊ daʊt, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˌræʃəˈnæl ðət ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst ðə weɪ ɪt ɪz, soʊ wət kən ju du? ˈtiʧɪŋ ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ, ju hir ə lɔt, əˈspɛʃəli wɪn səˈpoʊzədli ˈlɪˌbərəl ˌækəˈdɛmɪks ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ˈjunjənz ər səʧ ə bæd aɪˈdiə. ˈstudənts, nɑt ˈwərkərz! bət græd ˈstudənts tiʧ bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæv tɪ lərn haʊ, ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪz ˌɪnˈdid ˈvɛri ˈvæljəbəl; ðeɪ tiʧ bɪˈkəz dɪˈpɑrtmənts nid ɪn ðə classroom,”*,” ɛz ə prəˈfɛsər aɪ noʊ wəns pʊt ɪt. aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz faʊnd ɪt ˈbjutəfli æpt ðət maɪ oʊld dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈɑkjəˌpaɪz ðə seɪm speɪs wɛr ðə ˈɪnfəməs ˈmɪlˌgræm oʊˈbidiəns ɪkˈspɛrəmənts wər kənˈdəktəd ɪn ðə ˈərli 1960s*. (jɛs, ˈrɪli.) peɪ noʊ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə skrimz ju hir ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ðə nɛkst rum, ðə ˈsəbʤɪkts wər toʊld ɛz ðeɪ ədˈmɪnɪstərd ðə ɪˈlɛktrɪk ʃɑks, fər ðɛr oʊn ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈæləˌgɔri əv ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈtɛnjərd prəˈfɛsərz ənd ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts (ənd ˈtɛnjərd prəˈfɛsərz ənd prəˈfɛsərz, fər ðət ˈmætər). wɛl, bət soʊ wət? ə bənʧ əv spɔɪld kɪdz ər ˈhævɪŋ ˈtrəbəl ˈfaɪndɪŋ ɪz ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɛls. soʊ wət. fərst əv ɔl, nɑt spɔɪld. duɪŋ ɪgˈzæktli wət wi ˈɔlˌweɪz kəmˈpleɪn ɑr ˈbraɪtəst ˈstudənts du: ˌɛˈʃuɪŋ ðə ˈizi bəks əv wɔl strit, kənˈsəltɪŋ ər ˈkɔrpərət lɔ tɪ pərˈsu ðɛr aɪˈdilz ənd bi əv ˈsərvɪs tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti. ˌækəˈdimiə meɪ wəns hæv bɪn ə ˈkʊʃi gɪg, bət naʊ ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈhaɪli ˈtæləntɪd jəŋ ˈpipəl hu ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ spɛnd ðɛr ˈlɪvɪŋ ɔn səbˈsɪstəns ˈweɪʤɪz wɪn ðeɪ kʊd bi ˈgɪtɪŋ rɪʧ (ənd ðɛr frɛndz ər ˈgɪtɪŋ rɪʧ), ˈsɪmpli bɪˈkəz ðeɪ bɪˈliv ɪn ˈnɑlɪʤ, aɪˈdiəz, ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri; ɪn ˈtiʧɪŋ, ɪn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðɛr ˈpæʃən. tɪ liv mɔr ðən hæf əv ðɛm ˈhoʊldɪŋ ðə bæg æt ðə ɛnd əv ɪt ɔl, ˈoʊvər 30 ənd ˈhævɪŋ tɪ skraʊnʤ fər ə nu kərɪr, ɪz ə ˈjumən ˈtræʤədi. ʃʊr, lɑts əv ˈpipəl hæv ɪt wərs. bət əˈnəðər ˈrizən tɪ kɛr: ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈtræʤədi, ənd nɑt ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə kəˈlɑsəl weɪst əv ˈjumən ˈkæpɪtəl. ɪf wi meɪk θɪŋz ˈbɛtər fər ðə ˈpipəl ˈɛnərɪŋ ˌækəˈdimiə, noʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ wɔnt tɪ du ɪt ˌɛniˈmɔr. ənd ðɛn ɪt ʤɪst bi ðə ˈstudənts hu ər ˈsəfərɪŋ. ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp wɪl ˈsəfər, wɪʧ minz ðə hoʊl ˈkəntri wɪl. ˈnɑlɪʤ, ɛz ˈkɑnstəntli toʊld, ɪz ə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈrisɔrs, ənd ðə greɪt məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈnɑlɪʤ ɪz kriˈeɪtɪd ɪn ðə mɔr ðən ˈɛvər, ɪn fækt, sɪns ˈɪndəstri ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˌaʊtˈsɔrsɪŋ ˈrisərʧ tɪ ˌjunəˈvərsətiz wɛr, prɪˈsaɪsli bɪˈkəz ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts kɔst lɛs ðən ˈsəmˌwən hu gɪts ə ril ˈsæləri, ɪt kən bi kənˈdəktəd ɔn ðə ʧip. (bɛl læbz, wəns ðə ˈflægˌʃɪp əv ˌɪnˈdəstriəl saɪəns, ɪz ə ʃɛl əv ɪts ˈfɔrmər sɛlf, ˈhævɪŋ ˈsəfərd jɪrz əv ˈkətˌbæks ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgɪvɪŋ əp ɔn ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈrisərʧ ˌɔltəˈgɛðər.) ɪt ʤɪst ðə ˈsaɪənsɪz ðət ˈmætər; ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪənsɪz ənd ðə juˈmænɪtiz. ənd ɪt ʤɪst ðə ˈlætər ðət ər ˈsəfərɪŋ. ˈbeɪsɪk ˈfɪzɪks ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri ɪz ɔl bət dɛd. frəm 1971 tɪ 2001 ðə ˈnəmbər əv dɪˈgriz əˈwɔrdɪd ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ dɪˈklaɪnd baɪ 20 pərˈsɛnt, bət ðə ˈnəmbər əˈwɔrdɪd ɪn mæθ ənd stəˈtɪstɪks dɪˈklaɪnd baɪ 55 pərˈsɛnt. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈɛriəz əv ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ɑrts ðət sɔ ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn əˈwɔrdɪd wər baɪˈɑləʤi ənd ðɪs æt ə taɪm wɪn ˈægrəgət ɛnˈroʊlmənt ɪkˈspændɪd baɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk 75 pərˈsɛnt. ɔn ðə wərk ðət ɪz dən ɪn ðə əˈkædəmi dɪˈpɛndz ðə strɛŋθ əv ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi, ɑr ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi ənd ɑr ˈkəlʧər. wi nid ɑr bɛst jəŋ maɪndz goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ˈrisərʧ ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˈfɛrz ənd rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈstədiz, ˈkɛmɪstri ənd ənd ɑrt ˈhɪstəri. baɪ pərˈsuɪŋ ðɛr ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈɪntərɪsts, ˈnɛroʊli ˌəndərˈstʊd, dɪˈpɑrtmənts ər bɪˈtreɪɪŋ boʊθ ðə ˈvæljuz ðeɪ ər plɛʤd tɪ pərˈsut əv ˈnɑlɪʤ, ðə ˈspɪrɪt əv ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri, ðə ɪkˈstɛnʃən əv ðə ˌhjuməˈnɪstɪk ðə ˈneɪʃən ðeɪ ɪgˈzɪst tɪ sərv. bɪn hir ˌbiˈfɔr. peɪ wɑz soʊ loʊ ɪn ðə ˈnaɪnˈtinθ ˈsɛnʧəri, wɪn ˌækəˈdimiə wɑz stɪl ə prəˈfɛʃən, ðət ɪn 1902 ˈændru ˌkɑrˈneɪgi kriˈeɪtɪd ðə ˈpɛnʃən plæn ðət wʊd ɪˈvɑlv ˈɪntu tiaa-cref*, ðə ˈmæsɪv rɪˈtaɪərmənt fənd. ˈæftər wərld wɔr ii*, wɪn haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən wɑz sin ɛz ən ˈərʤənt ˈnæʃənəl praɪˈɔrəti, ə kənˈsɛnsəs ˈimərʤd ðət ˈsæləriz wər tu smɔl tɪ əˈtrækt gʊd ˈpipəl. ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən sɔrd θru ðə ənd ’60s*, ðɛn hɪt ðə skɪdz əraʊnd 1970 ənd rɪˈkəvər fər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈθərˌdi jɪrz. noʊ səˈpraɪz ðət ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfrɛʃmɪn ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˌækəˈdimiə wɑz mɔr ðən θri taɪmz haɪər ɪn 1966 ðən ɪt wɑz ɪn 2004 bət ðə ˈænsər naʊ ɪz nɑt tɪ reɪz professors’*’ ˈsæləriz. prəˈfɛsərz ɔˈrɛdi meɪk ɪˈnəf. ðə ˈænsər ɪz tɪ haɪər mɔr prəˈfɛsərz: ril wənz, nɑt ˌækəˈdɛmɪk lettuce-pickers*. jɛt ðə læst θɪŋ skulz ər æpt tɪ du. wət wi hæv sin ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈfɔrti jɪrz, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈreɪzɪŋ əv ə rɪˈzərv ˈɑrmi əv kənˈtɪnʤənt ˈleɪbər, ɪz ə kaɪnd əv ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˌɛlɪfənˈtaɪəsɪs, ən ɪkˈsploʊʒən ɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl ˈwərkɪŋ æt ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz hu ˈfækəlti, ˈfʊlˌtaɪm ər ˈpɑrtˈtaɪm, əv ˈɛni kaɪnd. frəm 1976 tɪ 2001 ðə ˈnəmbər əv prəˈfɛʃənəlz bəˈlund ˈnɪrli 240 pərˈsɛnt, groʊɪŋ mɔr ðən θri taɪmz ɛz fæst ɛz ðə ˈfækəlti. ˈkoʊʧɪŋ stæfs ənd ˈsæləriz hæv groʊn wɪˈθaʊt ˈlɪmət; æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈpɑrtmənts ər ˈvərʧuəli ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈkɑlɪʤɪz wɪˈθɪn ˌjunəˈvərsətiz naʊ, kəmˈpitɪŋ (səkˈsɛsfəli) wɪθ ˌækəˈdɛmɪks. ðə saɪz əv ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ðən 1 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈsɛvərəl ˈdəzən bɪˈkəm noʊˈtɔriəs. nɔr ɪz ɪt ˈoʊnli ðə ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts; ðə nɛkst sɪks moʊst ˈhaɪli peɪd ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˈɔfɪsərz æt jeɪl ˈævrɪʤd ˈoʊvər ɪn 2007 ɛz geɪ ˈtəkmən ɪkˈspleɪnz ɪn ˈwɑnəˌbi ju 2009 ə keɪs ˈstədi ɪn ðə ˈsɑroʊz əv ˌækəˈdɛmɪk corporatization*, dinz, ˈproʊvoʊsts ənd ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts ər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər prəˈfɛsərz hu ˈsaɪkəl θru ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˈdutiz ənd ðɛn rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈtiʧɪŋ ənd ˈrisərʧ. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðeɪ hæv bɪˈkəm ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈstrætəm əv ˌmænɪˈʤɪriəl kərˈɪrɪsts, ˈʤəmpɪŋ frəm ʤɑb tɪ ʤɑb ənd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən tɪ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən laɪk ˈɛni ˈəðər ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv: ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd frəm ðə ˈfækəlti ənd ɪts ˈvæljuz, lɔɪəl tɪ ən ˈiθɑs əv ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ɪkˈspænʧən, ənd ˈtreɪdɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈblæðər əv measurability*, ˈrɛvəˌnu strimz, ˈmɪʃən ˈsteɪtmənts ənd ðə laɪk. ðeɪ du nɑt hæv ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm hɛlθ əv ðɛr ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz æt hɑrt. ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ pəmp əp ðə stɑk praɪs (i.e*., juz. nuz ənd wərld rɪˈpɔrt ˈræŋkɪŋ) ənd muv ɔn tɪ ðə nɛkst fæt poʊst. ɪf ˈtɛnjərd, əv kɔrs, laɪf ɪz stɪl kwaɪt gʊd (æt list ənˈtɪl ðə nu ˈproʊvoʊst ˌdɪˈsaɪdz tɪ ʃət daʊn jʊr ɪnˈtaɪər dɪˈpɑrtmənt). ɪn fækt, ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ɪn ðə ˈstrəkʧər əv ˌækəˈdɛmɪk wərk həz kəm əˈbaʊt ɪn lɑrʤ ˈmɛʒər tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈsinjər. ðə ˈfækəlti hæv ˈstɛdəli ɪn ˈrisənt ˈdɛkeɪdz; baɪ 1998 mɔr ðən hæf wər 50 ər ˈoʊldər. ˈmændəˌtɔri rɪˈtaɪərmənt wɑz əˈbɑlɪʃt ɪn 1986 ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈprɑbləm. dɪˈpɑrtmənts bɪˈkeɪm in,”*,” wɪθ ə lɑrʤ ˈboʊləs əv ˈhaɪli ˈkɑmpənˌseɪtəd ˈsinjər prəˈfɛsərz ənd rum, ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli skwizd ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz, fər ʤɪst ə fju ˈʤunjər ˈrizən ʤɑbz hæv bɪn soʊ hɑrd tɪ faɪnd. kənˈtɪnʤənt ˈleɪbər ɪz dɪˈzaɪərəbəl əˈbəv ɔl bɪˈkəz ɪt seɪvz ˈməni fər ˈsinjər ˈsæləriz (ɛz wɛl ɛz rɪˈlivɪŋ ðə ˈtɛnjər træk əv ðə ˌdɪsəˈgriəbəl ˈbɪznɪs əv ˈtiʧɪŋ ˌloʊˈlɛvəl ˈkɔrsɪz). baɪ 2004 waɪl peɪ fər əˈsɪstənt ənd əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt prəˈfɛsərz stɪl stʊd mɔr ər lɛs wɛr ɪt hæd ɪn 1970 ðət fər fʊl prəˈfɛsərz wɑz əˈbaʊt 10 pərˈsɛnt haɪər. wət wi hæv ɪn ˌækəˈdimiə, ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ɪz ə ˈmaɪkrəˌkɑzəm əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ɪˈkɑnəmi ɛz ə hoʊl: ə ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi, ə sˈwɛlɪŋ ənd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˌproʊləˈtɛriət, ənd ə ʃˈrɪŋkɪŋ ˈmɪdəl klæs. ðə seɪm ˈbɑrgɪn ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzɪz ðə ˈsɪstəm: ðə ˈmɪdəl, ər æt list ðə ˈəpər ˈmɪdəl, ðə ˈtɛnjərd, ɪz əˈlaʊd tɪ rɪˈteɪn ɪts ˈkəmfərtəbəl ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən ˈpækɪʤɪz, ɪts ˈwərkˌpleɪs əˈtɑnəmi ənd ɪts ʤɑb rɪˈtərn fər ˌækwiˈɛsɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈbɑtəm baɪ ðə tɔp, ənd ˌɪndərˈɛkˌtli, ðə bɪˈtreɪəl əv ðə fˈjuʧər əv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈɛnərˌpraɪz. bət naʊ ðoʊz ˈpərˈɑgətɪvz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈəndər θrɛt. aɪ æm nɑt ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə kɔl fər ðə ˌæbəˈlɪʃən əv ˈkɔrəs ðət ˌɪnˈkludz tu əv læst moʊst ˈwaɪdli ˈnoʊtɪst bʊks ɔn ðə ˈprɑbləmz əv ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən?, baɪ ˈændru ˈhækər ənd ˈklɔdiə, ənd ˈkraɪsəs ɔn ˈkæmpəs, baɪ mɑrk ˈteɪlər. ˈtɛnjər ˈsərtənli həz ɪts ˈprɑbləmz. ɪt kraʊdz aʊt ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər jəŋ ˈskɑlərz ənd əˈlaʊz ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈdɛdˌwʊd tɪ əˈkjumjəˌleɪt ɔn ðə ˈfækəlti roʊlz. bət ˈgɪtɪŋ rɪd əv ɪt wʊd bi laɪk ˈkjʊrɪŋ ɑrˌtɪrioʊsklərˈoʊsəs baɪ ˈʃutɪŋ ðə ˈpeɪʃənt. fər wən θɪŋ, ɪt wʊd riˈmuv ðə læst ˌɪnˈsɛnɪv fər ˈɛni seɪn ˈpərsən tɪ ˈɛnər ðə prəˈfɛʃən. ˈpipəl stɪl pʊt əp wɪθ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðeɪ hæv tɪ ɪnˈdʊr ɛz ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts ənd ˈʤunjər prəˈfɛsərz fər ðə seɪk əv ə ʃɑt æt ðət ˈgoʊldən praɪz, ənd naʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk əˈweɪ ðə praɪz? noʊ, ɪt ɪz nɑt gʊd fər soʊ ˈmɛni əv rɪˈwɔrdz tɪ bi ˈɪntu ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈmoʊmənt əv ɑkjəˈpeɪʃənəl transfiguration*, wən ðət sɪts laɪk ə mərɑʒ æt ðə ɛnd əv twɛlv ər ˈfɪfˈtin jɪrz əv ˈwɑndərɪŋ. jɛs, ðə ʤɑb ˈmɑrkɪt wʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪf ðə prəˈfɛʃən muvd, seɪ, tɪ ə ˈsɪstəm əv ˈkɑnˌtrækts, ɛz ˈteɪlər səˈʤɛsts. bət lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt dɪd, wi wʊd luz ə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˈtælənt. ˌbiˈsaɪdz, haʊ wʊd ðə ʤɑb ˈmɑrkɪt ˌɪtˈsɛlf? ɪf ðə ˈpipəl hu naʊ hæv ˈtɛnjər kənˈtɪnjud tɪ sərv ˈəndər səm ˈəðər kənˈtrækʧuəl ˈsɪstəm, ðə seɪm ˈsərpləs əv ˈleɪbər wʊd bi ˈʧeɪsɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈskɛrsɪti əv ɪmˈplɔɪmənt. θɪŋz wʊd gɪt ˈbɛtər fər nu ˈoʊnli ɪf skulz ˈstɑrtɪd ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ˈsinjər ˈpipəl. wɪʧ, ɛz ðə weɪ θɪŋz wərk ɪn ˈəðər ˈɪndəstriz riˈmaɪndz ˈjuˈɛs, ðeɪ wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli bi glæd tɪ du. waɪ rɪˈteɪn ə wɪn ju kən ˌriˈpleɪs hər wɪθ ə æt hæf ðə praɪs? naʊ ə θɔt tɪ swɛl ə ˈrɛvəˌnu strim. tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪˈfɪʃənsi. ənd wət ɪgˈzæktli ər ju səˈpoʊzd tɪ du æt ðət pɔɪnt ɪf spɛnt jʊr kərɪr bɪˈkəmɪŋ ən ˈɛkspərt ɪn, seɪ, ɪˈtrəskən ˈhɪstəri? ˌækəˈdimiə ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn pɑrt tɪ səˈpɔrt ˈrisərʧ ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər peɪ fər, ˈnɑlɪʤ ðət bi kənˈvərtɪd ˈɪntu ə kwɪk bək ər ˈivɪn ə sloʊ wən, bət ðət ædz ˈvælju tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn ˈəðər weɪz. goʊɪŋ tɪ pərˈsu ðət kaɪnd əv ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ɪf ðeɪ noʊ ə gʊd ʧæns goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt θroʊn aʊt ɪn ðə snoʊ wɪn 50 (ˈhævɪŋ ˈoʊnli ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ ərn ə ˈsæləri wɪn ðeɪ wər 30 tɪ but)? ˈdɑktərz ənd ˈlɔjərz kən sɛt əp ðɛr oʊn ˈpræktɪs, bət ə prəˈfɛsər stɑrt hɪz oʊn ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ðɪs kaɪnd əv θɪŋ ɪz əˈpɔlɪŋ ɪˈnəf wɪn ɪt ˈhæpənz tɪ ˈwərkərz. ɪn ən ˈɪndəstri ðət rikˈwaɪərz ə ˈdəzən jɪrz əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ʤɪst tɪ geɪn ən pəˈzɪʃən, ɪt ɪz ənˈθɪŋkəbəl. nɔr ʃʊd wi ðə θrɛt ðə ˌæbəˈlɪʃən əv ˈtɛnjər wʊd poʊz tɪ ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈfridəm, ɛz ˈhækər ənd du. hæv skaʊərd ɔl ðə ˈsɔrsəz wi kʊd find,”*,” ðeɪ raɪt, wi kʊd nɑt faɪnd ˈɛni ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈrisərʧ huz ˈfaɪndɪŋz lɛd tɪ ˈtərməˌneɪtɪŋ ðə ʤɑbz əv ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfækəlti members.”*.” jɛs, bɪˈkəz əv ˈtɛnjər. ɪf dinz ənd ˌtrəˈstiz ənd əˈləmˌnaɪ ənd ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ˈrɛrli ˈivɪn traɪ tɪ hæv prəˈfɛsərz faɪərd, ðət ɪz prɪˈsaɪsli bɪˈkəz ðeɪ noʊ ðeɪ hæv soʊ ˈlɪtəl ʧæns əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈhæpən. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtɛnjər ɪgˈzɪstəd, ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri dɪsˈmɪsəlz wər ˈkɑmən. kən ju ˌɪˈmæʤən wət ðə ˈkɑrənt gæŋ əv ˈnuli ɪˈlɛktɪd steɪt ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtərz wʊd du ɪf ðeɪ kʊd gɪt ðɛr hænz ɔn ðə ˈpipəl hu tiʧ æt ˈpəblɪk ˌjunəˈvərsətiz? (ʤɪst lʊk æt wət ˈhæpənd tɪ ˈwɪljəm cronon*, ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv wɪˈskɑnsən hɪˈstɔriən huz ˈiˌmeɪlz wər dɪˈmændɪd baɪ ðə steɪt rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti ˈæftər hi ɪkˈspoʊzd ðə roʊl əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈkaʊnsəl ɪn ˈgəvərnər skɑt əˈtæk ɔn ˈpəblɪk ɪmˈplɔɪi ˈjunjənz.) ˈhækər ənd, hu ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈfridəm, kɔl ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈtɛnjər fər ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts ənd ˌtrəˈstiz wɪθ ““backbone”*” (ə ˈspiʃiz ɛz ˈwəndərfəl ɛz ðə ˈjunɪˌkɔrn, ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɛz ˈnumərəs). ʃʊr, ənd ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə kɪŋ ɪz ə gʊd mæn, wi nid dɪˈmɑkrəsi. ˌækəˈdɛmɪks pleɪ ə ˈspɛʃəl roʊl ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti: ðeɪ tɛl ˈjuˈɛs θɪŋz wi wɔnt tɪ ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ, ər ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈʤizəs, ər ðə weɪ wi reɪz ɑr ˈʧɪldrən. waɪ ðeɪ nid tɪ hæv ˈspɛʃəl prəˈtɛkʃənz. bət ðə ˈtɛnjər ˈsɪstəm, wɪʧ ɪz ɔˈrɛdi biɪŋ ɪˈroʊdɪd baɪ ðə groʊθ əv kənˈtɪnʤənt ˈleɪbər, ɪz nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ ðət ɪz ˈəndər əˈsɔlt ɪn ðə ˈtɔpˌdaʊn, əˈkædəmi. ɛz ˈkɛri ˈnɛlsən ɪkˈspleɪnz ɪn noʊ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪz ən ˈaɪlənd 2010 ʃɛrd ˈprɪnsəpəl ðət ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ʃʊd bi kənˈtroʊld baɪ ðɛr ˈfækəltiz, wɪʧ prəˈtɛkts ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈvæljuz əˈgɛnst ðə ɪnˈkroʊʧmənts əv ðə ˈsprɛdˌʃit ˈɔlsoʊ θˈrɛtənd baɪ ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈstrəkʧər əv ˌækəˈdɛmɪk wərk. kənˈtɪnʤənt ˈleɪbər ˌəndərˈmaɪnz ɪt boʊθ wən æsks ən ˈæˌʤəŋkt wət hi θɪŋks əv haʊ θɪŋz ˌɪndərˈɛkˌtli. mɔr ˈpipəl ˈʧeɪsɪŋ fjuər ʤɑbz minz ðət ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz skwizd fər ˈɛkstrə ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti, ʤɪst laɪk æt ˈwɔlˌmɑrt. ɛz əv 1998 ˈfækəlti æt ˌfɔˈrjɪr skulz wərkt ən ˈævərɪʤ əv əˈbaʊt ˈsɛvən aʊərz mɔr pər wik ðən ðeɪ hæd ɪn 1972 (fər ə ˈtoʊtəl əv mɔr ðən aʊərz ə wik; ðə ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪp əv ðə ˈleɪzi ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ɪz, laɪk ðət əv ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr kwin, ə ˈplɪtɪkli ˈjusfəl mɪθ). nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli, ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ə ʃˈrɪŋkɪŋ sɛns əv ˈɪnfluəns ˈoʊvər ˈkæmpəs əˈfɛrz. gɑt ðə taɪm? ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈleɪbər ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ laɪk ˈɛvəri ˈəðər pɑrt əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwərkˌfɔrs: kaʊd, ˈhɛrid, ˈdɑsəl, disempowered*. ɪn tərmz, ðə ɪˈroʊʒən əv ˈtɛnjər ənd ʃɛrd ˈgəvərnəns ˌəndərˈmaɪnz ðə paʊər əv ə lɑrʤ ˈbɑdi əv ˈlɪˌbərəl prəˈfɛʃənəlz. ɪn ðɪs ɪt rɪˈzɛmbəlz ðə kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst ˈtiʧərz ˈjunjənz. ˈtɛnjər, ɪn fækt, ɪz ə lɔt laɪk ˌjunjənəˈzeɪʃən: ˌɪmˈpərfɪkt, ˈoʊpən tɪ kərˈəpʃən ənd əˈbjuz, bət ˌɪnˈkɑmpərəbli ˈbɛtər ðən ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪv. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈtɛnjər ɪz wət prəˈfɛsərz hæv ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈjunjənz (æt list æt ˈpraɪvət ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, wɛr bænd baɪ lɔ frəm ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ). ɛz fər ʃɛrd ˈgəvərnəns, ɪt ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ ˈəðər ðən wən əv ðə goʊlz əv ðə lɛft: ɪmˈplɔɪi kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈwərkˌpleɪs. jɛs, prəˈfɛsərz hæv ɪt ˈbɛtər ðən ə lɔt əv ˈəðər ˈwərkərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə lɔt əv ˈəðərz ɪn ðə əˈkædəmi. bət ðə ˈænsər, fər ðə lɛs ædˈvæntɪʤd, ɪz tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz əˈgɛnst ðə ɪmˈplɔɪərz kriˈeɪtɪd ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, nɑt dræg daʊn ðə ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd ˈwərkərz hu jɛt ˈsəfərɪŋ ɛz ˈbædli: tɪ ˈlɛvəl əp, ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, nɑt daʊn. əv kɔrs, səm ˈsɛktərz əv ðə wənz ðət ˈɛʤəˌkeɪt ðə ˈʧɪldrən əv ðə ˈwɛlθi ənd ðə ˈəpər ˈmɪdəl tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðɛr ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ. ðə klæs ˈgreɪdiənt ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈstipər, nɑt ˈoʊnli bɪtˈwin kənˈtɪnʤənt ˈleɪbər ənd ðə ˈtɛnjər træk, ənd ˈʤunjər ənd ˈsinjər ˈfækəlti wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈlætər, bət bɪtˈwin ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ɛz wɛl. prəˈfɛsərz æt ˌjunəˈvərsətiz nɑt ˈoʊnli gɪt peɪd ə lɔt mɔr ðən ðɛr ˈkɑligz æt ˈəðər ˌfɔˈrjɪr skulz; ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪz groʊɪŋ, frəm 17 pərˈsɛnt ɪn 1984 tɪ 28 pərˈsɛnt ɪn 2003 (ðɛr ædˈvæntɪʤ ˈoʊvər prəˈfɛsərz æt kəmˈjunɪti ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ˌɪnˈkrist ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈpɪriəd frəm 33 pərˈsɛnt tɪ 49 pərˈsɛnt.) ðə rɪʧ ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɪʧər. ɪn 1970 (ɪt simz laɪk ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈjunəˌvərs naʊ) ˈfækəlti æt ˈpəblɪk ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ˈæˌkʧuəli meɪd əˈbaʊt 10 pərˈsɛnt mɔr ðən ðoʊz æt ˈpraɪvət skulz. baɪ 1999 ðə laɪnz hæd krɔst, ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈsæləriz stʊd əˈbaʊt 5 pərˈsɛnt loʊər. ðə ˈægrəgət ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ æt ˈpraɪvət ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ɪz tɪ 1 æt ˈpəblɪk skulz, ɪt ɪz tɪ 50 pərˈsɛnt haɪər. hir wi kəm tɪ ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɪʃu ˈfeɪsɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkən haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ɪnˈroʊl əˈbaʊt θˌrikˈwɔrtərz əv ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənts, ənd ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ər ˈɛvriˌwɛr ˈəndər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl əˈtæk. ɛz ˈnænsi ɪkˈspleɪnz ɪn ˈseɪvɪŋ steɪt ju 2010 ə ʃɔrt, ʃɑrp, ˈlusɪd əˈkaʊnt, ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔn haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən həz bɪn ˈfɑlɪŋ ɛz ə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv steɪt ˈbəʤɪts fər mɔr ðən tˈwɛnti jɪrz, tɪ əˈbaʊt ˌtuˈθərdz əv wət ɪt wɑz ɪn 1980 ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˌgræʤəˈweɪʃən reɪt æt steɪt skulz ɪz naʊ ə ˈdɪzməl 60 pərˈsɛnt, ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv klæs saɪz ənd əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti, ˈfækəlti ˌæksɛsəˈbɪlɪti, ðə juz əv kənˈtɪnʤənt ˌɪnˈstrəktərz ənd ˈəðər ˈɪʃuz. ˈpraɪvət ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈlɑbi əˈgɛnst ˈpəblɪk ˈfəndɪŋ fər steɪt skulz, wɪʧ ðeɪ si ɛz kəmˈpɛtɪtərz. ɪn ˈɛni keɪs, ə lɑrʤ ˈpɔrʃən əv steɪt ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp eɪd goʊz tɪ ˈstudənts æt ˈpraɪvət ˈkɑlɪʤɪz (ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz, mɔr ðən kaɪnd əv ˈvaʊʧər ˈsɪstəm fər haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈpəblɪk ˌjunəˈvərsətiz hæv bɪn ˈʃɪftɪŋ ðɛr ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl eɪd kraɪˈtɪriə frəm nid tɪ ˈmɛrət tɪ əˈtrækt ˈæplɪkənts wɪθ haɪər skɔrz (gʊd oʊld juz. nuz əˈgɛn), hu tɛnd tɪ kəm frəm ˈwɛlθiər ˈfæməliz. kɔsts æt steɪt skulz hæv sɔrd ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, frəm 18 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈɪnˌkəm fər ðoʊz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə ˈɪnˌkəm ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ɪn 1999 tɪ 25 pərˈsɛnt ɪn 2007 ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ər ðət ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈdɛkeɪd, bɪtˈwin ˈmɪljən ənd ˈmɪljən ˈstudənts hæv bɪn prɪˈvɛnɪd frəm goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈkɑlɪʤ fər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl 50 pərˈsɛnt mɔr ðən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 1990s*. ənd əv kɔrs, ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈklaɪmɪt əv ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈfɪskəl ˈkraɪsəs, ɪt ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt tɪ gɪt ə lɔt wərs. ɑr ˈsɪstəm əv ˈpəblɪk haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪz wən əv ðə greɪt əˈʧivmənts əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən. ɪn ɪts brɛdθ ənd ˈɛksələns, ɪt həz noʊ pɪr. ɪt ɛmˈbɑdiz səm əv ɑr haɪəst aɪˈdilz: dɪˈmɑkrəsi, ɪkˈwɑləti, ˌɑpərˈtunəti, ˈsɛlfɪmˈpruvmənt, ˈjusfəl ˈnɑlɪʤ ənd kəˈlɛktɪv ˈpəblɪk ˈpərpəs. ðə seɪm ˈprɛzɪdənt hu ɪˈmænsəˌpeɪtɪd ðə sleɪvz ənd ˈfəndɪd ðə ˌtrænzˌkɑnɪˈnɛnəl ˈreɪˌlroʊd saɪnd ðə mɔˈril lænd grænt ækt əv 1862 wɪʧ sɛt ðə ˈsɪstəm ɔn ɪts fit. ˈpəblɪk haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪz ə ˈbʊlwərk əˈgɛnst hərˈɛdəˌtɛri ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ ənd ən ˈɪnʤən əv ˈsoʊʃəl moʊˈbɪlɪti. ɪt ɪz ˌɔltəˈgɛðər tɪ ðə pɔɪnt ðət ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst steɪt ˈsɪstəmz ər nɑt tɪ bi faʊnd ɪn ðə ˌnɔrˈθist, ðə doʊˈmeɪn əv ðə oʊld wɑsp ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi ənd ɪts ɪˈlit ˈpraɪvət ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, bət ɪn ˈpleɪsɪz laɪk ˈmɪʃɪgən, wɪˈskɑnsən, ˌɪləˈnɔɪz, vərˈʤɪnjə, nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ənd, əˈbəv ɔl, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. naʊ ðə ˈsɪstəm ɪz ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər əv ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈɪntu ruɪn. ˈpəblɪk haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən wɑz ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə mæs ˈmɪdəl klæs əv ðə ˈpoʊstˈwɔr wɪθ ɪt, ə nu bərθ əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪmˈpaʊərmənt ənd ˈjumən ˈflərɪʃɪŋ. ðə diˈfəndɪŋ əv ˈpəblɪk haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən həz bɪn ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ ɪts sloʊ dɪˈstrəkʃən. ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ˈnuˌfild ˈɑrgjuz ðət ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs həz bɪn dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt, ə kæmˈpeɪn baɪ ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ɪˈlit əˈgɛnst ðə klæs ðət θˈrɛtənd tɪ səˈplænt ɪt ɛz ðə ˈlidɪŋ paʊər ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti. ˈsoʊʃəl moʊˈbɪlɪti ɪz naʊ loʊər ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ðən ɪt ɪz ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈjʊrəp, ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈkænədə ənd ˈivɪn fræns ənd speɪn, ə fækt ðət ɔt tɪ bi ˌtæˈtud ɔn ðə ˈfɔˌrhɛdz əv ˈɛvəri ˈmɛmbər əv ˈkɑŋgrəs, soʊ dɪˈrɛkli dɪz ɪt straɪk æt aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɛz ðə lænd əv ˌɑpərˈtunəti. bət ɪt wɑz nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə ˈpoʊstˈwɔr ˈmɪdəl klæs ðət ˈpəblɪk haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən hɛlpt kriˈeɪt; ɪt wɑz ðə ˈpoʊstˈwɔr prɑˈspɛrəti ˌɔltəˈgɛðər. ˈnɑlɪʤ, əˈgɛn, ɪz ɑr moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈrisɔrs. steɪts ðət ˈbæləns ðɛr ˈbəʤɪts ɔn ðə bæks əv ðɛr ˈpəblɪk ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ər nɑt ˈitɪŋ ðɛr sid kɔrn; ˈtræmplɪŋ ɪt ˈɪntu ðə məd. maɪ steɪt əv ˈɔrəˌgɑn, ə ˈkrɑnɪk ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈəndərpərˌfɔrmər, həz ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti əˈtræktɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, nɑt bɪˈkəz ɪts ˈkɔrpərət ˈtæksɪz ər əˈməŋ ðə bɪˈkəz ɪts ˈwərkˌfɔrs ɪz ˈpurli ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd. soʊ ɪt wɪl bi fər ðə ˈneɪʃən ɛz ə hoʊl. ɑr reɪt həz ˈfɑlən frəm ˈsɛkənd tɪ eɪθ. ənd wi ər nɑt ʤɪst diˈfəndɪŋ ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən; wi ər diˈfəndɪŋ ˈrisərʧ, ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ˈnɑlɪʤ ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ˈstaɪpəndz ər soʊ loʊ æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈbərkli, ðə ˈrisərʧ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ɔn ðə ˈplænət, ðət ðə skul ɪz ˈhævɪŋ ˈtrəbəl əˈtræktɪŋ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts. ɪn fækt, ðə hoʊl ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈsɪstəm, ðə kraʊn ʤuəl əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpəblɪk haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ɪz biɪŋ tɔrn əˈpɑrt baɪ ˈbəʤɪt kəts. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə ˈprɑbləm; ɪt ɪz ə kəˈlæmɪti. ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ər ɪn ˈkɑmprəbəl ˈtrəbəl, fər ˈrizənz ðət wɪl saʊnd fəˈmɪljər: tu məʧ ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə bum əv ɪt ɔn kənˈstrəkʃən, məʧ əv ɪt ˈdrɪvən baɪ ðə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv position”*” ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ kəmˈpɛtɪtərz baɪ ˈɔfərɪŋ əˈmɛnətiz laɪk nu dɔrmz ənd ˈstudənt ˈsɛnərz ðət hæv ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˈtiʧɪŋ ər baɪ tu məʧ ˈbɑroʊɪŋ, həz lɛd tɪ ə dɛt ˈkraɪsəs. əˈməŋ ðə klæs əv ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈmænɪʤərz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə ˈtrəbəl ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs, ən ˈɪndəstri əv rɪˈfɔrm həz sprəŋ əp, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə ˈlɪtərəʧər əv rɪˈfɔrm tɪ goʊ wɪθ ɪt. bʊks laɪk ˈkraɪsəs ɔn ˈkæmpəs, ʤeɪmz ˈseɪvɪŋ ˈɑlmə ˈmɑtər 2009 ənd ðə moʊst ˈmɛʒərd ənd əv ðə wənz kəm əˈkrɔs, ˈrɑbərt ˈmeɪkɪŋ rɪˈfɔrm wərk 2009 prəˈpoʊz ðɛr ˈvɛriəsli ˈvɪʒəˌnɛri skimz. ˈnɪrli ɔl ˌɪnˈvɑlv tɛkˈnɑləʤi tɪ draɪv ɪˈfɪʃənsi. ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈkɔrsɪz, ˈdɪstəns ˈlərnɪŋ, ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən: ðɪs ɪz ðə fˈjuʧər biɪŋ ˈɔfərd. waɪ tiʧ ə rikˈwaɪərd ɑrt ˈhɪstəri kɔrs tɪ tˈwɛnti ˈstudənts æt ə taɪm wɪn ju kən mɑrʧ ðɛm θru ə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈtɛkstˌbʊk ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ɪgˈzæm? waɪ hæv prəˈfɛsərz ər ˈivɪn ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts greɪd ˈpeɪpərz wɪn ju kən ˌaʊtˈsɔrs ðɛm tɪ əraʊnd ðə ˈkəntri, ˈivɪn ðə wərld? waɪ weɪst taɪm wɪθ ˈɔfəs aʊərz wɪn ˈstudənts kən ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ðɛr prəˈfɛsərz ˈviə ˈiˌmeɪl? ðə ˈəðər greɪt noʊ ˈnɛvər si ðɪs ðə ˈmɑrkɪt. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪt wərks soʊ wɛl ɪn ˈhɛlθˌkɛr, ənd ɔˈrɛdi traɪɪŋ ɪt ɪn ˈpraɪˌmɛri ənd ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. ˈgɑrlənd, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt əv maɪˈæmi ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv oʊˈhaɪoʊ (ə ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən), ˈɑrgjuz fər ə ˈvaʊʧər ˈsɪstəm. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈməni tɪ skulz, ðə steɪt wʊd gɪv ɪt tɪ ˈstudənts, ənd ðə ˈkrɛdɪt wʊd bi gʊd æt ˈɛni nɑnˈprɑfət ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ɪn ðə ˈəðər wərdz, æt ˈpraɪvət wənz ɛz wɛl. ðə ˈstudənt wʊd rən ðə ʃoʊ (ɛz ðə ˈkəstəmər ʃʊd, əv kɔrs), skaʊərɪŋ ðə ˈmɑrkɪt laɪk ə ˈsævi kənˈsumər. ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, ɪn tərn, kəmˈpit wɪθ iʧ ˈteɪlərɪŋ ðɛr kɔrs ˈɔfərɪŋz, dɪˈgri ˈproʊˌgræmz, ˈstudənt ˈsərvɪsɪz, ənd ˌɛkstrəkərˈɪkjələr activities”*” tɪ ðə nidz əv ɑr ˈnuli ɪmˈpaʊərd, ənd ðə ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl hænd wʊd reɪn daʊn ɪts ˈblɛsɪŋz. bət du wi ˈrɪli wɔnt ɑr haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm ˌridɪˈzaɪnd baɪ ðə nidz əv haɪ skul ˈsinjərz? ðɪs ɪz wət ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ər əˈbaʊt tɪ traɪ, ənd ɪn ə ˈkəntri wɪθ wən əv moʊst dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl trəˈdɪʃənz, ðeɪ sim pɔɪzd tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ɑrts ˌɔltəˈgɛðər. haʊ məʧ du ˈivɪn noʊ əˈbaʊt wət ðeɪ wɔnt aʊt əv ˈkɑlɪʤ? əˈbaʊt nɑt ˈoʊnli wət ɪt kən gɪt ðɛm, bət wət ɪt kən gɪv ðɛm? ðiz ər jəŋ ˈpipəl hu noʊ wət ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪz, hu ðeɪ ər, hu ðeɪ maɪt wɔnt tɪ ju nid ə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ənd spəˈsɪfɪkli ə ˈlɪˌbərəl ɑrts ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, tɪ hɛlp ju ˈfɪgjər aʊt. jɛt ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ɑrts, ɛz wi noʊ, ər daɪɪŋ. ɔl ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd pərˈɛntəl ˈprɛʃər ɪz ˈpʊʃɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈəðər dɪˈrɛkʃɪn, təˈwɔrd ðə ““practical,”*,” ˈnɛroʊli kənˈsivd: ðə ˌɪnstrəˈmɛnəl, ðə juˌtɪləˈtɛriən, ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli nəˈgoʊʃəbəl. ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ər ˈmuvɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ɑrts təˈwɔrd prəˈfɛʃənəl, ˈtɛknɪkəl ənd voʊˈkeɪʃənəl ˈtreɪnɪŋ. læst jɪr, ðə steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv nu jɔrk æt ˈɔlbəni əˈnaʊnst plænz tɪ kloʊz ɪts dɪˈpɑrtmənts əv frɛnʧ, ˌɪˈtæljən, ˈrəʃən, ˈklæsɪks ənd ˈhoʊlˌseɪl sˈlɔtər əv ðə juˈmænɪtiz. wɪn ˈgɑrlənd ɪˈnumərˌeɪts ðə fildz ə steɪt ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər maɪt wɔnt tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ɪts jəŋ ˈpipəl tɪ ˈɛnər, hi lɪsts ““engineering*, ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər, ˈnərsɪŋ, mæθ ənd saɪəns ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ər ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈɛriə əv steɪt importance.”*.” əˈpɛrəntli pəˈlɪtɪkəl saɪəns, fəˈlɑsəfi, ˈhɪstəri ənd ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤi, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz, ər nɑt ˈɛriəz əv steɪt ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns. wɔnts tɪ kənˈsɪdər rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈkɑlɪʤ tɪ θri lɛs taɪm fər jəŋ ˈpipəl tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt wət tɪ ˈstədi, tɪ teɪk ˈkɔrsɪz ɪn ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈdɪsəplənz, tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr, tɪ məˈʧʊr, tɪ θɪŋk. wɪn ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz, frəm ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɔl ðə weɪ daʊn, tɔk əˈbaʊt haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ðeɪ tɔk ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪkˈsklusɪvli əˈbaʊt mæθ ənd saɪəns. ˌɪnˈdid, tɛkˈnɑləʤi kriˈeɪts ðə fˈjuʧər. bət ɪt ɪz nɑt ɪˈnəf tɪ kriˈeɪt ðə fˈjuʧər. wi ˈɔlsoʊ nid tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ɪt, ɛz ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪənsɪz ɪˈneɪbəl ˈjuˈɛs tɪ du. wi nid tɪ meɪk sɛns əv ɪt, ɛz ðə juˈmænɪtiz ɪˈneɪbəl ˈjuˈɛs tɪ du. ə ˈsɪstəm əv haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ðət ˌɪgˈnɔrz ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ɑrts, ɛz ˈʤɑnəθən koʊl pɔɪnts aʊt ɪn ðə greɪt əˈmɛrɪkən ˌjunəˈvərsəti 2009 ɪz wət ðeɪ hæv ɪn ˈʧaɪnə, wɛr ðeɪ wɔnt ˈpipəl tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ˈəðər weɪz tɪ əreɪnʤ soʊˈsaɪɪti ər ˈəðər ˈminɪŋz ðən ðə ˈɔθərˌaɪzd wənz. ə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən kriˈeɪts ˌtɛkˈnɑləʤɪsts. ə ˈlɪˌbərəl ɑrts ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən kriˈeɪts ˈsɪtɪzənz: ˈpipəl hu kən θɪŋk ˈbrɔdli ənd ˈkrɪtɪkəli əˈbaʊt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd ðə wərld. jɛt əv kɔrs ɪt ɪz prɪˈsaɪsli ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr, əˈnəðər greɪt ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən hoʊldz əp ɛz ðə ˈmɑdəl tɪ ˈɛmjəˌleɪt ɪn ɑr nu ˈspətnɪk ˈmoʊmənt. ˈfəni; ˈæftər ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈspətnɪk, wi ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ bɪˈkəm mɔr laɪk ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən. bət wi pəˈzɛs ðət kaɪnd əv ˈkɑnfədɛns ˌɛniˈmɔr. ðɛr ɪz ə lɑrʤ, ˈpəblɪk dəˈbeɪt raɪt naʊ əˈbaʊt ˈpraɪˌmɛri ənd ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. ðɛr ɪz ə sˈmɔlər, lɛs ˈpəblɪk dəˈbeɪt əˈbaʊt haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. wət aɪ feɪl tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ɪz waɪ ðeɪ ðə seɪm dəˈbeɪt. wi ɔl noʊ ðət ˈstudənts ɪn ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri ənd haɪ skul lərn bɛst ɪn smɔl ˈklæsˌrumz wɪθ ðə ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəlaɪzd əˈtɛnʃən əv ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ˈtiʧərz. ɪt ɪz ðə seɪm ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ. ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ɪt ɪz sɛd, ɪz ˈlaɪtɪŋ ə faɪər, nɑt ˈfɪlɪŋ ə ˈbəkɪt. ðə wərd kəmz frəm ðə ˈlætən fər ““educe,”*,” lɛd fɔrθ. ˈlərnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ə ˈsərtən kˈwɑntəti əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈɪntu jʊr breɪn, ɛz ðə prəˈpoʊnənts əv ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən sim tɪ θɪŋk. ɪt ɪz əˈbaʊt ðə kaɪnd əv ˌɪnərˈʧeɪnʤ ənd ˈlidɪŋ fɔrθ əv nu aɪˈdiəz ənd kən ˈhæpən ˈoʊnli ɪn ə ˈsɛməˌnɑr. (““seminar”*” biɪŋ ə ˈfænsi neɪm fər wət ˈɛvəri klæs ɔˈrɛdi ɪz frəm ɪt ɪz labor-intensive*; ɪt ɪz ˈfeɪstuˈfeɪs; ɪt ɪz one-at-a-time*. ðə ki ˈfaɪndɪŋ əv ˈrɪʧərd ˈɛrəm ənd ˌækəˈdɛmɪkli əˈdrɪft 2011 ðət ə lɔt əv kɪdz ˈlərnɪŋ məʧ ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ, kəmz ɛz noʊ səˈpraɪz tɪ mi. ðə ˈsɪstəm ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər sɛt əp tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ðɛm. ɪf goʊɪŋ tɪ meɪk ˈkɑlɪʤ ən ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəli ˈrɪgərəs ɪkˈspɪriəns fər ðə ˈstudənts hu ɔˈrɛdi mɔr, fər ɔl ðə wənz wi wɔnt tɪ goʊ ɪf goʊɪŋ tɪ riʧ ðə goʊl əv ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ən əˈbʤɛktɪv ðət wʊd ˈdəbəl goʊɪŋ tɪ nid ə lɔt mɔr ˈtiʧərz: wɛl peɪd, ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəˌli səˈpɔrtɪd, ˈsoʊʃəli ˈvæljud. ɛz əv 2003 ðɛr wər əˈbaʊt prəˈfɛsərz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts (ɛz kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ əˈbaʊt 6 ˈmɪljən ˈpraɪˌmɛri- ənd ˈtiʧərz). bɪtˈwin rɪˈdusɪŋ klæs ˈsaɪzɪz, rɪˈvərsɪŋ ðə ʃɪft tɪ kənˈtɪnʤənt ˈleɪbər ənd ˈbifɪŋ əp ɑr reɪts, goʊɪŋ tɪ nid æt list faɪv taɪmz ɛz ˈmɛni. soʊ ðə ˈməni səˈpoʊzd tɪ kəm frəm? ðə seɪm kˈwɛʃən wi æsk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈbəʤɪt, ənd ðə ˈænsər ɪz ðə seɪm. stɪl ə ˈvɛri ˈwɛlθi ˈkəntri. ˈplɛnti əv ˈməni, ɪf wi spɛnd ɪt ɔn ðə raɪt θɪŋz. ʤɪst ɛz wi nid tɪ ˈrɛsəl wɪθ ðə 700 ˈbɪljən gərˈɪlə əv dɪˈfɛns, soʊ du ˌjunəˈvərsətiz nid tɪ teɪk ɔn ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ɪˈdimə ənd ˌɛkstrəkərˈɪkjələr ˈspɛndɪŋ. wi kən stɑrt wɪθ ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈsæləriz. ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, laɪk ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz, kleɪm ðeɪ nid tɪ peɪ ðə goʊɪŋ reɪt fər tɔp ˈtælənt. ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪgˈzæktli ər ðeɪ kəmˈpitɪŋ wɪθ fər ðə ˈsərvɪsɪz əv ðiz ˌmænɪˈʤɪriəl ˈtaɪtənz, əˈsaɪd frəm wən ɪz ˌbiˈsaɪd ðə pɔɪnt. ˌækəˈdimiə ɪz nɑt səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ə pleɪs tɪ gɪt rɪʧ. ɪf jʊr ˈigoʊ sərˈvaɪv ɔn lɛs ðən ə jɪr (ɔn tɔp əv ðə prɛˈstiʒ əv ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈprɛzɪdənsi), ju nid tɪ faɪnd əˈnəðər laɪn əv wərk. wəns, ðɛr wər ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈlidərz hu pʊt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈfɔrwərd ɛz ˈʧæmpiənz əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈprɑˌgrɛs: ˈpipəl laɪk ˈwʊˌdroʊ ˈwɪlsən æt ˈprɪnstən ɪn ðə 1900s*; ʤeɪmz ˈkoʊnənt æt ˈhɑrvərd ɪn ðə 1940s*; ənd ˈkɪŋmən ˈbrustər æt jeɪl, klɑrk kər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ənd ˈθiəˌdɔr æt ˈnoʊtər deɪm ɪn ðə 1960s*. wət ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɪt wʊd meɪk ɪf ðə ˈaɪvi lig ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts gɑt təˈgɛðər ənd əˈnaʊnst ðət ðeɪ wər goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk ən ˌɪˈmiˌdiət 75 pərˈsɛnt peɪ kət. wət ə weɪ tɪ rɪˈstɔr ˈmɔrəl prɛˈstiʒ ənd ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt səm ˈlidərˌʃɪp əˈgɛn. bət ˈlidərˌʃɪp wɪl hæv tɪ kəm frəm ˈsəmˌwɛr ɛls, ɛz wɛl. ʤɪst ɛz ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti ɛz ə hoʊl, ðə ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈəpər ˈmɪdəl klæs nidz tɪ riˈθɪŋk ɪts əˈlaɪənsɪz. ɪts ˈdɪgnəti wɪl nɑt sərˈvaɪv fərˈɛvər ɪf ɪt faɪt fər ðət əv ˈɛvriˌwən bɪˈloʊ ɪt ɪn ðə ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈhaɪˌrɑrki. ðeɪ keɪm fər ðə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts, ənd aɪ spik aʊt bɪˈkəz aɪ ə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt student…”*…”) fər ɔl ɪts prəˈtɛnʃənz tɪ ˈpəblɪk ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns (ˈɛvəri prəˈfɛsər ˈsikrɪtli θɪŋks ə ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl), ðə ɪz ˈɔfəli kwaɪət, ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˌnɑnəgˈzɪstənt ɛz ə kəˈlɛktɪv vɔɪs. ɪf ˌækəˈdimiə ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ wəns əˈgɛn bɪˈkəm ə ˈdisənt pleɪs tɪ wərk, ɪf ɑr bɛst jəŋ maɪndz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi əˈtræktəd bæk tɪ ðə prəˈfɛʃən, ɪf haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi riˈkleɪmd ɛz pɑrt əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈprɑməs, ɪf ˈtiʧɪŋ ənd ˈrisərʧ ər goʊɪŋ tɪ meɪk ðə ˈkəntri strɔŋ əˈgɛn, ðɛn prəˈfɛsərz nid tɪ gɪt ɔf ðɛr ˈbækˌsaɪdz ənd ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz: dɪˈpɑrtmənt baɪ dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən tɪ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, steɪt baɪ steɪt ənd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈneɪʃən ɛz ə hoʊl. ˈtɛnjərd prəˈfɛsərz ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst spiʧ prəˈtɛkʃənz ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti. taɪm ðeɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ðɛm.

photo it is widely known that being overweight or obese is linked to an increased risk for cardiovascular and other diseases. now a new study has found that even in young adults of normal weight, increases in body mass index also lead to increased risk. researchers studied young adults, testing them for 32 gene variants known to be associated with higher b.m.i., and assigning a “gene score” to each depending on how many of the genetic variants they carried. by studying such a large population, they were able to separate genetic tendencies toward weight gain from other variables that may contribute to being overweight, such as diet, physical activity levels and socioeconomic status. elevated b.m.i. and numerous blood indications of metabolic risk closely matched higher gene scores, strongly suggesting that higher b.m.i. alone causes the increase in cardiovascular risk factors independent of fatty food consumption, exercise, smoking and other variables. the study, online in medicine, also analyzed people who had metabolic profiles done after six years and found that increases in b.m.i., even within the normal range, led to extensive adverse metabolic changes, while modest weight loss led to multiple favorable changes. “our study in young adults shows that even a modest weight loss tends to improve the metabolic profile,” said the lead author, peter würtz, head of molecular epidemiology at the university of in finland. “it have to be a large change to have a beneficial role. even with a normal b.m.i. of 24, worth it to try to get it lower.”

ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɪt ɪz ˈwaɪdli noʊn ðət biɪŋ ˌoʊvərˈweɪt ər əˈbis ɪz lɪŋkt tɪ ən ˌɪnˈkrist rɪsk fər ˌkɑrdioʊˈvæskjələr ənd ˈəðər dɪˈzizɪz. naʊ ə nu ˈstədi həz faʊnd ðət ˈivɪn ɪn jəŋ ˈædəlts əv ˈnɔrməl weɪt, ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ˈbɑdi mæs ˈɪndɛks ˈɔlsoʊ lɛd tɪ ˌɪnˈkrist rɪsk. ˈrisərʧərz ˈstədid jəŋ ˈædəlts, ˈtɛstɪŋ ðɛm fər 32 ʤin ˈvɛriənts noʊn tɪ bi əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ haɪər b.m.i*., ənd əˈsaɪnɪŋ ə score”*” tɪ iʧ dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn haʊ ˈmɛni əv ðə ʤəˈnɛtɪk ˈvɛriənts ðeɪ ˈkɛrid. baɪ ˈstədiɪŋ səʧ ə lɑrʤ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ðeɪ wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ʤəˈnɛtɪk ˈtɛndənsiz təˈwɔrd weɪt geɪn frəm ˈəðər ˈvɛriəbəlz ðət meɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ biɪŋ ˌoʊvərˈweɪt, səʧ ɛz daɪət, ˈfɪzɪkəl ækˈtɪvɪti ˈlɛvəlz ənd soʊˌsiˌoʊˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈstætəs. ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd b.m.i*. ənd ˈnumərəs bləd ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz əv ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk rɪsk ˈkloʊsli mæʧt haɪər ʤin skɔrz, ˈstrɔŋli səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət haɪər b.m.i*. əˈloʊn ˈkɔzɪz ðə ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˌkɑrdioʊˈvæskjələr rɪsk ˈfæktərz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əv ˈfæti fud kənˈsəmʃən, ˈɛksərˌsaɪz, sˈmoʊkɪŋ ənd ˈəðər ˈvɛriəbəlz. ðə ˈstədi, ˈɔnˌlaɪn ɪn ˈmɛdəsən, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈænəˌlaɪzd ˈpipəl hu hæd ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk ˈproʊˌfaɪlz dən ˈæftər sɪks jɪrz ənd faʊnd ðət ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn b.m.i*., ˈivɪn wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈnɔrməl reɪnʤ, lɛd tɪ ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˌædˈvərs ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, waɪl ˈmɑdəst weɪt lɔs lɛd tɪ ˈməltəpəl ˈfeɪvərəbəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ˈstədi ɪn jəŋ ˈædəlts ʃoʊz ðət ˈivɪn ə ˈmɑdəst weɪt lɔs tɛndz tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðə ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk profile,”*,” sɛd ðə lɛd ˈɔθər, ˈpitər würtz*, hɛd əv məˈlɛkjələr ˌɛpəˌdɛmiˈɑləʤi æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ɪn ˈfɪnˌlænd. hæv tɪ bi ə lɑrʤ ʧeɪnʤ tɪ hæv ə ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl roʊl. ˈivɪn wɪθ ə ˈnɔrməl b.m.i*. əv 24 wərθ ɪt tɪ traɪ tɪ gɪt ɪt lower.”*.”

on his fourth full day in office, president trump signed an executive order that was supposed to settle this whole dakota access pipeline more delays due to protests, no more reconsidering the route because of environmental worries. and for a while, it seemed to work. the protest camps are gone, and the pipe has been pumping oil since march. but thursday, a federal judge ordered a on the environmental review trump ordered back in january. trump came into office aiming for a blitzkrieg on environmental regulations. he got trench warfare. that's because firing from the other side of no man's land is a nimble alliance of environmental groups that have spent decades preparing for the likes of him. you have probably heard of many of them: the sierra club, national resources defense council, earthjustice, and so on. others are smaller, focused on regional the standing rock sioux that just won a small victory against the dakota access pipeline. what they all have in common are stubborn, legal teams. trump's assault is just a more bombastic version of what these lawyers have weathered under past administrations. and if there's any green left in the government by 2020, they'll be the ones responsible. president trump is famous for, among other things, his love of infrastructure and hatred of regulations. his january 24 executive order didn't actually target the dakota access pipeline specifically. it was a sweeping declaration, meant to fast track every new, large, high priority infrastructure project through environmental review. "the white house's strategy is to deconstruct the administrative state and give favors to the fossil fuel industry," says pat gallagher, director of the sierra club's environmental law program. so these environmental ngos are changing tack to adapt. "this is not an abrupt change in our overarching goals," says erik, the executive director of the western environmental law center. "this is just a change in footing from offensive to defensive." obviously, things were different under the obama administration. groups like the western environmental law center often worked with the government to develop policy. for example, the bureau of land management's methane waste prevention rule. methane is an incredibly potent greenhouse gas, with more than 86 times the warming potential as carbon dioxide, plus a tendency to leak out of oil and gas drilling equipment. a lot of that drilling happens on public lands, managed by the. so starting in 2008, the western environmental law center led a coalition of environmental groups in an effort to have the force drillers to plug up their leaks. their efforts paid off in november week after donald trump's election night the published a rule that was very close to what the groups had been pushing for. if you happen to be an environmental news junkie, you already know that the past six months have been quite a ride in methane rule land. first came challenges from states like wyoming and montana, then more challenges from the drilling industry itself. congressional republicans tried to rescind the rule in may, but that effort failed in the senate. the latest twist came just this week, when the department of interior (which is the's parent agency) announced it was delaying implementation of the rule. says the western environmental law center plans to sue. back to defense. so far, some of that defensive action has been relatively easy. "they pulled the plug on a lot of stuff without consideration of requirements they are required to go through to change the rules," says michael wall, the litigation lead. for example, on inauguration day, trump's chief of staff ordered all federal government agencies to immediately withdraw any last minute rules made by the obama administration that hadn't yet been published in the federal register. one of these rules had to do with mercury discharges from dentists’ offices. on february 1, the filed the first environmental lawsuit of the trump era, charging that the environmental protection agency didn't go through the right procedures before rescinding the rule. long story short, the caught them on a technical foul. "this mistake probably reflects an interest by the administration in appearing to get something done without putting in the effort to make sure it was done right," says wall. trump's eventually relented, and lo and behold the federal register finally published the rule this week. but what the trump administration's tactics lack in sophistication they make up in volume. his agenda has even environmental lawyers who survived george w. bush's eight years of oil industry coziness on their heels. and that's on top of the usual threats to the environment and public health from various states, local governments, and private industries. so, in addition to litigating, these lawyers maintain intelligence networks to keep track of all the emerging patterns. "we work with grassroots and community groups, or meet with individuals in coffee shops and cafes to learn about local issues," says. he says they also maintain requisite ties in washington, and use things like freedom of information act requests to keep up on the latest machinations within the federal agencies. the standing rock court victory against the dakota access pipeline is another type of defense. the tribe's case is essentially fighting to uphold the national environmental policy act, a law passed in 1970 that requires federal agencies to review the environmental impacts of any of their activities. the dakota access pipeline passes under lake oahe, which is actually a reservoir created by a dam built by the army corps of engineers on the missouri river. in early december 2016, after their prolonged standoff, the tribe successfully sued the army corps to withdraw the pipeline's easement under the lake. the corps said it would begin looking for alternative routes, "through an environmental impact statement with full public input and analysis." then came trump's january 24 executive order. two weeks later, the army corps trashed the environmental review and granted the pipeline's original easement through lake oahe. despite this week's court victory, the dakota access pipeline is still pumping oil. for now, the ruling only requires the army corps of engineers reopen its environmental assessment of the pipeline. depending on how that turns out, the pipe could get shut down for good. and the outcome could have an even longer reach. "without environmental review, the $1 trillion infrastructure trump has promised will be a bulldozer for the environment," says. so this is where he, and the other lawyers, will hold the line. fighting to protect what remains of us environmental protections. until 2020, or as long as is necessary.

ɔn hɪz fɔrθ fʊl deɪ ɪn ˈɔfəs, ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp saɪnd ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər ðət wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈsɛtəl ðɪs hoʊl dəˈkoʊtə ˈækˌsɛs ˈpaɪˌplaɪn mɔr dɪˈleɪz du tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛsts, noʊ mɔr ˌrikənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə rut bɪˈkəz əv ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈwəriz. ənd fər ə waɪl, ɪt simd tɪ wərk. ðə ˈproʊˌtɛst kæmps ər gɔn, ənd ðə paɪp həz bɪn ˈpəmpɪŋ ɔɪl sɪns mɑrʧ. bət ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ə ˈfɛdərəl ʤəʤ ˈɔrdərd ə ɔn ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌrivˈju trəmp ˈɔrdərd bæk ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. trəmp keɪm ˈɪntu ˈɔfəs ˈeɪmɪŋ fər ə ˈblɪtˌskrig ɔn ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz. hi gɑt trɛnʧ ˈwɔrˌfɛr. ðæts bɪˈkəz ˈfaɪərrɪŋ frəm ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv noʊ mænz lænd ɪz ə ˈnɪmbəl əˈlaɪəns əv ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grups ðət hæv spɛnt ˈdɛkeɪdz pərˈpɛrɪŋ fər ðə laɪks əv ɪm. ju hæv ˈprɑbəˌbli hərd əv ˈmɛni əv ðɛm: ðə siˈɛrə kləb, ˈnæʃənəl ˈrisɔrsɪz dɪˈfɛns ˈkaʊnsəl, earthjustice*, ənd soʊ ɔn. ˈəðərz ər sˈmɔlər, ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈriʤənəl ðə ˈstændɪŋ rɑk su ðət ʤɪst wən ə smɔl ˈvɪktəri əˈgɛnst ðə dəˈkoʊtə ˈækˌsɛs ˈpaɪˌplaɪn. wət ðeɪ ɔl hæv ɪn ˈkɑmən ər ˈstəbərn, ˈligəl timz. trəmps əˈsɔlt ɪz ʤɪst ə mɔr bɑmˈbæstɪk ˈvərʒən əv wət ðiz ˈlɔjərz hæv ˈwɛðərd ˈəndər pæst ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃənz. ənd ɪf ðɛrz ˈɛni grin lɛft ɪn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt baɪ 2020 ðɛl bi ðə wənz riˈspɑnsəbəl. ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp ɪz ˈfeɪməs fər, əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz, hɪz ləv əv ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ənd ˈheɪtrəd əv ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz. hɪz ˈʤænjuˌɛri 24 ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər ˈdɪdənt ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈtərgət ðə dəˈkoʊtə ˈækˌsɛs ˈpaɪˌplaɪn spəˈsɪfɪkli. ɪt wɑz ə sˈwipɪŋ ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən, mɛnt tɪ fæst træk ˈɛvəri nu, lɑrʤ, haɪ praɪˈɔrəti ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈprɑʤɛkt θru ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌrivˈju. "ðə waɪt ˈhaʊsɪz ˈstrætəʤi ɪz tɪ ˌdikənˈstrəkt ðə ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv steɪt ənd gɪv ˈfeɪvərz tɪ ðə ˈfɑsəl fjuəl ˈɪndəstri," sɪz pæt ˈgæləgər, dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə siˈɛrə kləbz ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl lɔ ˈproʊˌgræm. soʊ ðiz ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ɛŋˈgoʊz ər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ tæk tɪ əˈdæpt. "ðɪs ɪz nɑt ən əˈbrəpt ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ɑr ˈoʊvərˌɑrʧɪŋ goʊlz," sɪz ˈɛrɪk, ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈwɛstərn ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl lɔ ˈsɛnər. "ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst ə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˈfʊtɪŋ frəm əˈfɛnsɪv tɪ dɪˈfɛnsɪv." ˈɑbviəsli, θɪŋz wər ˈdɪfərənt ˈəndər ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. grups laɪk ðə ˈwɛstərn ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl lɔ ˈsɛnər ˈɔfən wərkt wɪθ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ˈpɑləsi. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ˈbjʊroʊ əv lænd ˈmænɪʤmənts ˈmɛˌθeɪn weɪst priˈvɛnʃən rul. ˈmɛˌθeɪn ɪz ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈpoʊtənt ˈgrinˌhaʊs gæs, wɪθ mɔr ðən 86 taɪmz ðə ˈwɔrmɪŋ pəˈtɛnʃəl ɛz ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd, pləs ə ˈtɛndənsi tɪ lik aʊt əv ɔɪl ənd gæs ˈdrɪlɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt. ə lɔt əv ðət ˈdrɪlɪŋ ˈhæpənz ɔn ˈpəblɪk lændz, ˈmænɪʤd baɪ ðə. soʊ ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn 2008 ðə ˈwɛstərn ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl lɔ ˈsɛnər lɛd ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən əv ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grups ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ hæv ðə fɔrs ˈdrɪlərz tɪ pləg əp ðɛr liks. ðɛr ˈɛfərts peɪd ɔf ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər wik ˈæftər ˈdɑnəld trəmps ɪˈlɛkʃən naɪt ðə ˈpəblɪʃt ə rul ðət wɑz ˈvɛri kloʊz tɪ wət ðə grups hæd bɪn ˈpʊʃɪŋ fər. ɪf ju ˈhæpən tɪ bi ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl nuz ˈʤəŋki, ju ɔˈrɛdi noʊ ðət ðə pæst sɪks mənθs hæv bɪn kwaɪt ə raɪd ɪn ˈmɛˌθeɪn rul lænd. fərst keɪm ˈʧælənʤɪz frəm steɪts laɪk ˌwaɪˈoʊmɪŋ ənd mɑnˈtænə, ðɛn mɔr ˈʧælənʤɪz frəm ðə ˈdrɪlɪŋ ˈɪndəstri ˌɪtˈsɛlf. kənˈgrɛʃənəl rɪˈpəblɪkənz traɪd tɪ rɪˈsɪnd ðə rul ɪn meɪ, bət ðət ˈɛfərt feɪld ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt. ðə ˈleɪtəst twɪst keɪm ʤɪst ðɪs wik, wɪn ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌɪnˈtɪriər (wɪʧ ɪz ðə ˈpɛrənt ˈeɪʤənsi) əˈnaʊnst ɪt wɑz dɪˈleɪɪŋ ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə rul. sɪz ðə ˈwɛstərn ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl lɔ ˈsɛnər plænz tɪ su. bæk tɪ dɪˈfɛns. soʊ fɑr, səm əv ðət dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈækʃən həz bɪn ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈizi. "ðeɪ pʊld ðə pləg ɔn ə lɔt əv stəf wɪˈθaʊt kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən əv rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ðeɪ ər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ goʊ θru tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə rulz," sɪz ˈmaɪkəl wɔl, ðə ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən lɛd. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɔn ˌɪˌnɔgjəˈreɪʃən deɪ, trəmps ʧif əv stæf ˈɔrdərd ɔl ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz tɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli wɪθˈdrɔ ˈɛni læst ˈmɪnət rulz meɪd baɪ ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ðət ˈhædənt jɛt bɪn ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈrɛʤɪstər. wən əv ðiz rulz hæd tɪ du wɪθ ˈmərkjəri ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤəz frəm dentists’*’ ˈɔfəsɪz. ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1 ðə faɪld ðə fərst ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈlɔˌsut əv ðə trəmp ˈɪrə, ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ðət ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈeɪʤənsi ˈdɪdənt goʊ θru ðə raɪt prəˈsiʤərz ˌbiˈfɔr rɪˈsɪndɪŋ ðə rul. lɔŋ ˈstɔri ʃɔrt, ðə kɔt ðɛm ɔn ə ˈtɛknɪkəl faʊl. "ðɪs mɪˈsteɪk ˈprɑbəˌbli rɪˈflɛkts ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst baɪ ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn əˈpɪrɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ dən wɪˈθaʊt ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɛfərt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ɪt wɑz dən raɪt," sɪz wɔl. trəmps ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli rɪˈlɛntɪd, ənd loʊ ənd bɪˈhoʊld ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈrɛʤɪstər ˈfaɪnəli ˈpəblɪʃt ðə rul ðɪs wik. bət wət ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃənz ˈtæktɪks læk ɪn səˌfɪstəˈkeɪʃən ðeɪ meɪk əp ɪn ˈvɑljum. hɪz əˈʤɛndə həz ˈivɪn ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈlɔjərz hu sərˈvaɪvd ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. ˈbʊʃɪz eɪt jɪrz əv ɔɪl ˈɪndəstri ˈkoʊzinəs ɔn ðɛr hilz. ənd ðæts ɔn tɔp əv ðə ˈjuʒəwəl θrɛts tɪ ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ənd ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ frəm ˈvɛriəs steɪts, ˈloʊkəl ˈgəvərnmənts, ənd ˈpraɪvət ˈɪndəstriz. soʊ, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈlɪtɪˌgeɪtɪŋ, ðiz ˈlɔjərz meɪnˈteɪn ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈnɛtˌwərks tɪ kip træk əv ɔl ðə ˈimərʤɪŋ ˈpætərnz. "wi wərk wɪθ ˈgræsˈruts ənd kəmˈjunɪti grups, ər mit wɪθ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ɪn ˈkɔfi ʃɑps ənd ˌkæˈfeɪz tɪ lərn əˈbaʊt ˈloʊkəl ˈɪʃuz," sɪz. hi sɪz ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ meɪnˈteɪn ˈrɛkwəzət taɪz ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ənd juz θɪŋz laɪk ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ækt rɪkˈwɛsts tɪ kip əp ɔn ðə ˈleɪtəst ˌmæʃəˈneɪʃənz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənsiz. ðə ˈstændɪŋ rɑk kɔrt ˈvɪktəri əˈgɛnst ðə dəˈkoʊtə ˈækˌsɛs ˈpaɪˌplaɪn ɪz əˈnəðər taɪp əv dɪˈfɛns. ðə traɪbz keɪs ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈfaɪtɪŋ tɪ əˈphoʊld ðə ˈnæʃənəl ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈpɑləsi ækt, ə lɔ pæst ɪn 1970 ðət rikˈwaɪərz ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənsiz tɪ ˌrivˈju ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌɪmˈpækts əv ˈɛni əv ðɛr ækˈtɪvɪtiz. ðə dəˈkoʊtə ˈækˌsɛs ˈpaɪˌplaɪn ˈpæsɪz ˈəndər leɪk oahe*, wɪʧ ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ə ˈrɛzəvˌwɑr kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ə dæm bɪlt baɪ ðə ˈɑrmi kɔrz əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ɔn ðə məˈzʊri ˈrɪvər. ɪn ˈərli dɪˈsɛmbər 2016 ˈæftər ðɛr prəˈlɔŋd ˈstænˌdɔf, ðə traɪb səkˈsɛsfəli sud ðə ˈɑrmi kɔrz tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ ðə ˈpaɪˌplaɪnz ˈizmənt ˈəndər ðə leɪk. ðə kɔrz sɛd ɪt wʊd bɪˈgɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ɔlˈtərnətɪv rʊts, "θru ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌɪmˈpækt ˈsteɪtmənt wɪθ fʊl ˈpəblɪk ˈɪnˌpʊt ənd æˈnælɪsɪs." ðɛn keɪm trəmps ˈʤænjuˌɛri 24 ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər. tu wiks ˈleɪtər, ðə ˈɑrmi kɔrz træʃt ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌrivˈju ənd ˈgrænɪd ðə ˈpaɪˌplaɪnz ərˈɪʤənəl ˈizmənt θru leɪk oahe*. dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs wiks kɔrt ˈvɪktəri, ðə dəˈkoʊtə ˈækˌsɛs ˈpaɪˌplaɪn ɪz stɪl ˈpəmpɪŋ ɔɪl. fər naʊ, ðə ˈrulɪŋ ˈoʊnli rikˈwaɪərz ðə ˈɑrmi kɔrz əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz riˈoʊpən ɪts ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl əˈsɛsmənt əv ðə ˈpaɪˌplaɪn. dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn haʊ ðət tərnz aʊt, ðə paɪp kʊd gɪt ʃət daʊn fər gʊd. ənd ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm kʊd hæv ən ˈivɪn ˈlɔŋgər riʧ. "wɪˈθaʊt ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌrivˈju, ðə 1 ˈtrɪljən ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər trəmp həz ˈprɑməst wɪl bi ə ˈbʊlˌdoʊzər fər ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt," sɪz. soʊ ðɪs ɪz wɛr hi, ənd ðə ˈəðər ˈlɔjərz, wɪl hoʊld ðə laɪn. ˈfaɪtɪŋ tɪ prəˈtɛkt wət rɪˈmeɪnz əv ˈjuˈɛs ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛkʃənz. ənˈtɪl 2020 ər ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri.