Datasets:

mariopeng

/

openwebIPA

like 0

the los angeles river is on the verge of a new era. in the few years since the flood control channel was reclassified as a “navigable waterway,” the region has its oddball amalgam of concrete and nature, which winds roughly 51 miles from the san fernando valley out to the ocean in long beach. a $1-billion-plus plan to restore 11 miles north of downtown la is (slowly) working its way through federal approvals. famed architect frank gehry is working with los angeles county officials and numerous nonprofits and stakeholder groups to create a comprehensive plan for the whole river. the river was one of the selling points in the winning bid for the 2028 olympics. developers are still clamoring to build along the banks. the last time the la river was reborn it was the late 1930s, and it had been drowning the young city periodically since its birth. at some points, the river was just a trickle; in other parts, it was uncontrollably wild, and flooded frequently and devastatingly. after a terrible flood in march 1938, the u.s. army corps of engineers began work to lower the riverbed, widen the channel, and choke the whole thing in “a continuous concrete channel to carry the river from park to long beach,” as described in the los angeles river: its life, death, and possible rebirth. gehry thinks the la river can be great again with its concrete still intact; the army corps aims to remove at least some of it. in 2013, just as the la moment was beginning, we looked at 25 photos from the la public collection showing just how unrecognizable it was before it was paved. peter bennett, who runs the los angeles river photos blog, found where nine of those photos were taken, and, using his ipad to match up with the originals, took the same shots of the river as it is in the century. in an email, bennett writes: the idea was to get as close to the original spot the older photos were taken, and try to match up the lens and framing with the original… there was a sense of time travel as i viewed the landscape as it is today and... as it was back in the ’30s. the visual contrast was quite striking, and the changes apparent in the 75 years or so since the photos were taken was at times quite dramatic. below, the two versions are matched together, along with notes, so you can take the trip yourself. “the first photo i took was from the glendale hyperion bridge. it was probably one of the easiest to match up as the lamppost is still there, and i felt like i was standing on the exact spot where the photographer of the original photograph stood when they took it back in “the shot south of compton boulevard had no real landmarks, so i took it just south of the compton avenue bridge. in the 1926 photo, you can see the river veer off to the right a bit, but i cannot say if that was a result of the flooding heading inland or if it was taken farther downstream, where the river does veer to the right. in either case, you get a good idea of the contrast.” “the most difficult photo to match up was the one from park toward cypress/glassell. it took a couple of trips to find the location from where this photo was taken, but i finally spotted a blocked off fire road and walked down it a ways and found the view between some old eucalyptus trees... i could not get to the exact spot, because it was simply too steep now, but the contrast between the 1898 rural farmland setting and the urban landscape it is now is quite stunning. the small country road in the foreground has been replaced by the 5 freeway, and the crops just behind them are now a schoolyard in the densely packed valley (frogtown) community.” “the photos of the downtown bridges are interesting as you can really contrast the original unpaved river with the paved version that we are familiar with today. the photo [previously] labeled looking north from the seventh street viaduct was actually taken from the olympic boulevard viaduct, and while you can see the seventh street viaduct in the distance. today that view is blocked by the 10 freeway." “the photo of the dry section of studio city was taken from boulevard, and you can see the edge of universal studios on the right.” “the dayton avenue bridge hardly exists in its original form. it has become a mishmash of bridges that have been added to over the years. but if you look closely at the recent photo, in the upper left corner, you can still see some of the of the original railing of the bridge that still remain. the bridge, which is what it is currently called, is being replaced again by a new bridge, and it is unclear whether anything from the original bridges will remain after the construction.” [update: the replacement opened in january 2017.]

ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈrɪvər ɪz ɔn ðə vərʤ əv ə nu ˈɪrə. ɪn ðə fju jɪrz sɪns ðə fləd kənˈtroʊl ˈʧænəl wɑz riˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz ə waterway,”*,” ðə ˈriʤən həz ɪts ˈɑdˌbɔl əˈmælgəm əv ˈkɑnkrit ənd ˈneɪʧər, wɪʧ wɪndz ˈrəfli 51 maɪəlz frəm ðə sæn fərˈnɑndoʊ ˈvæli aʊt tɪ ðə ˈoʊʃən ɪn lɔŋ biʧ. ə plæn tɪ rɪˈstɔr 11 maɪəlz nɔrθ əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn lɑ ɪz (sˈloʊli) ˈwərkɪŋ ɪts weɪ θru ˈfɛdərəl əˈpruvəlz. feɪmd ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt fræŋk ˈgɛri ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈkaʊnti əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˈnumərəs ˈnɑnˈprɑfɪts ənd ˈsteɪˌkhoʊldər grups tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv plæn fər ðə hoʊl ˈrɪvər. ðə ˈrɪvər wɑz wən əv ðə ˈsɛlɪŋ pɔɪnts ɪn ðə ˈwɪnɪŋ bɪd fər ðə 2028 oʊˈlɪmpɪks. dɪˈvɛləpərz ər stɪl ˈklæmərɪŋ tɪ bɪld əˈlɔŋ ðə bæŋks. ðə læst taɪm ðə lɑ ˈrɪvər wɑz ˈriˈbɔrn ɪt wɑz ðə leɪt 1930s*, ənd ɪt hæd bɪn ˈdraʊnɪŋ ðə jəŋ ˈsɪti ˌpiriˈɑdɪkəli sɪns ɪts bərθ. æt səm pɔɪnts, ðə ˈrɪvər wɑz ʤɪst ə ˈtrɪkəl; ɪn ˈəðər pɑrts, ɪt wɑz ˌənkənˈtroʊləbli waɪld, ənd ˈflədɪd ˈfrikwɛntli ənd ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋli. ˈæftər ə ˈtɛrəbəl fləd ɪn mɑrʧ 1938 ðə juz. ˈɑrmi kɔrz əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz bɪˈgæn wərk tɪ loʊər ðə ˈrɪvərˌbɛd, ˈwaɪdən ðə ˈʧænəl, ənd ʧoʊk ðə hoʊl θɪŋ ɪn kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈkɑnkrit ˈʧænəl tɪ ˈkɛri ðə ˈrɪvər frəm pɑrk tɪ lɔŋ beach,”*,” ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈrɪvər: ɪts laɪf, dɛθ, ənd ˈpɑsəbəl riˈbərθ. ˈgɛri θɪŋks ðə lɑ ˈrɪvər kən bi greɪt əˈgɛn wɪθ ɪts ˈkɑnkrit stɪl ˌɪnˈtækt; ðə ˈɑrmi kɔrz eɪmz tɪ riˈmuv æt list səm əv ɪt. ɪn 2013 ʤɪst ɛz ðə lɑ ˈmoʊmənt wɑz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ, wi lʊkt æt 25 ˈfoʊˌtoʊz frəm ðə lɑ ˈpəblɪk kəˈlɛkʃən ʃoʊɪŋ ʤɪst haʊ ənˌrɛkəgˈnaɪzəbəl ɪt wɑz ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt wɑz peɪvd. ˈpitər ˈbɛnɪt, hu rənz ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈrɪvər ˈfoʊˌtoʊz blɔg, faʊnd wɛr naɪn əv ðoʊz ˈfoʊˌtoʊz wər ˈteɪkən, ənd, ˈjuzɪŋ hɪz ˈaɪˌpæd tɪ mæʧ əp wɪθ ðə ərˈɪʤənəlz, tʊk ðə seɪm ʃɑts əv ðə ˈrɪvər ɛz ɪt ɪz ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri. ɪn ən iˈmeɪl, ˈbɛnɪt raɪts: ðə aɪˈdiə wɑz tɪ gɪt ɛz kloʊz tɪ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl spɑt ðə ˈoʊldər ˈfoʊˌtoʊz wər ˈteɪkən, ənd traɪ tɪ mæʧ əp ðə lɛnz ənd ˈfreɪmɪŋ wɪθ ðə original…*… ðɛr wɑz ə sɛns əv taɪm ˈtrævəl ɛz aɪ vjud ðə ˈlænˌskeɪp ɛz ɪt ɪz təˈdeɪ ənd... ɛz ɪt wɑz bæk ɪn ðə ’30s*. ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈkɑntræst wɑz kwaɪt ˈstraɪkɪŋ, ənd ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əˈpɛrənt ɪn ðə 75 jɪrz ər soʊ sɪns ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz wər ˈteɪkən wɑz æt taɪmz kwaɪt drəˈmætɪk. bɪˈloʊ, ðə tu ˈvərʒənz ər mæʧt təˈgɛðər, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ noʊts, soʊ ju kən teɪk ðə trɪp ˈjɔrsɛlf. fərst ˈfoʊˌtoʊ aɪ tʊk wɑz frəm ðə ˈglɛnˌdeɪl haɪˈpɪriən brɪʤ. ɪt wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli wən əv ðə ˈiziəst tɪ mæʧ əp ɛz ðə ˈlæmˌpoʊst ɪz stɪl ðɛr, ənd aɪ fɛlt laɪk aɪ wɑz ˈstændɪŋ ɔn ðə ɪgˈzækt spɑt wɛr ðə fəˈtɑgrəfər əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈfoʊtəˌgræf stʊd wɪn ðeɪ tʊk ɪt bæk ɪn ʃɑt saʊθ əv ˈkɑmptən ˈbʊləˌvɑrd hæd noʊ ril ˈlændˌmɑrks, soʊ aɪ tʊk ɪt ʤɪst saʊθ əv ðə ˈkɑmptən ˈævəˌnu brɪʤ. ɪn ðə 1926 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ, ju kən si ðə ˈrɪvər vɪr ɔf tɪ ðə raɪt ə bɪt, bət aɪ ˈkænɑt seɪ ɪf ðət wɑz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˈflədɪŋ ˈhɛdɪŋ ˈɪnˌlænd ər ɪf ɪt wɑz ˈteɪkən ˈfɑrðər ˈdaʊnˈstrim, wɛr ðə ˈrɪvər dɪz vɪr tɪ ðə raɪt. ɪn ˈiðər keɪs, ju gɪt ə gʊd aɪˈdiə əv ðə contrast.”*.” moʊst ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈfoʊˌtoʊ tɪ mæʧ əp wɑz ðə wən frəm pɑrk təˈwɔrd cypress/glassell*. ɪt tʊk ə ˈkəpəl əv trɪps tɪ faɪnd ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən frəm wɛr ðɪs ˈfoʊˌtoʊ wɑz ˈteɪkən, bət aɪ ˈfaɪnəli ˈspɑtɪd ə blɑkt ɔf faɪər roʊd ənd wɔkt daʊn ɪt ə weɪz ənd faʊnd ðə vju bɪtˈwin səm oʊld ˌjukəˈlɪptəs triz... aɪ kʊd nɑt gɪt tɪ ðə ɪgˈzækt spɑt, bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz ˈsɪmpli tu stip naʊ, bət ðə ˈkɑntræst bɪtˈwin ðə 1898 ˈrʊrəl ˈfɑrmˌlænd ˈsɛtɪŋ ənd ðə ˈərbən ˈlænˌskeɪp ɪt ɪz naʊ ɪz kwaɪt ˈstənɪŋ. ðə smɔl ˈkəntri roʊd ɪn ðə ˈfɔrˌgraʊnd həz bɪn ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ ðə 5 ˈfriˌweɪ, ənd ðə krɑps ʤɪst bɪˈhaɪnd ðɛm ər naʊ ə ˈskuˌljɑrd ɪn ðə ˈdɛnsli pækt ˈvæli (frogtown*) community.”*.” ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ðə ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈbrɪʤɪz ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ɛz ju kən ˈrɪli ˈkɑntræst ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˌəˌpeɪvd ˈrɪvər wɪθ ðə peɪvd ˈvərʒən ðət wi ər fəˈmɪljər wɪθ təˈdeɪ. ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ [ˈpriviəsli] ˈleɪbəld ˈlʊkɪŋ nɔrθ frəm ðə ˈsɛvənθ strit ˈvaɪədəkt wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈteɪkən frəm ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈbʊləˌvɑrd ˈvaɪədəkt, ənd waɪl ju kən si ðə ˈsɛvənθ strit ˈvaɪədəkt ɪn ðə ˈdɪstəns. təˈdeɪ ðət vju ɪz blɑkt baɪ ðə 10 ˈfriˌweɪ." ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ðə draɪ ˈsɛkʃən əv ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈsɪti wɑz ˈteɪkən frəm ˈbʊləˌvɑrd, ənd ju kən si ðə ɛʤ əv ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈstudiˌoʊz ɔn ðə right.”*.” ˈdeɪtən ˈævəˌnu brɪʤ ˈhɑrdli ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn ɪts ərˈɪʤənəl fɔrm. ɪt həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈmɪʃˌmæʃ əv ˈbrɪʤɪz ðət hæv bɪn ˈædɪd tɪ ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz. bət ɪf ju lʊk ˈkloʊsli æt ðə ˈrisənt ˈfoʊˌtoʊ, ɪn ðə ˈəpər lɛft ˈkɔrnər, ju kən stɪl si səm əv ðə əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈreɪlɪŋ əv ðə brɪʤ ðət stɪl rɪˈmeɪn. ðə brɪʤ, wɪʧ ɪz wət ɪt ɪz ˈkərəntli kɔld, ɪz biɪŋ ˌriˈpleɪst əˈgɛn baɪ ə nu brɪʤ, ənd ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr ˈwɛðər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ frəm ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈbrɪʤɪz wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ˈæftər ðə construction.”*.” [ˈəpˌdeɪt: ðə rɪˈpleɪsmənt ˈoʊpənd ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2017

advertisement today is the anniversary of occupy wall street, a movement born from outrage over bank bailouts, as well as a belief that the nation's richest had gotten richer following the great recession while everyone else got hammered. coincidentally, the census bureau is out tuesday with its annual report on income and poverty in america, and the findings lend some credence to that argument. after declining markedly every year since the financial crisis, median household income in the u.s. remained flat compared to last year at $51,017. (technically median household income declined slightly, but by a statistically insignificant amount.) on the surface, that's a positive sign that the economy is finally starting to turn around. yet for those at the top, in the percentile, household income has already begun to go up, according to the census bureau. though income in the percentile is still down from its peak in the mid-2000s, the uptick is striking when you consider that income for average households is only just beginning to bottom out. further, median household income is still down percent from its level in 2007. for those in the percentile, household income is down just percent. and as the washington post's neil irwin notes, median household income is actually a hair lower than it was in 1989, in terms, when the average household earned $51,681. "growth is not fast enough," treasury secretary jacob lew said before the report's release. "and the very definition of what it means to be middle class is being undercut by trends in our economy that must be addressed." the divergence is more pronounced at the apex of the income ladder. the top one percent saw their income spike percent between 2009 and 2012, according to a research paper released earlier this month by university of california economist emmanuel saez. with income for everyone else remaining relatively flat, that means the top one percent raked in 95 percent of the nation's total growth in wealth since the economic recovery began. in a speech monday, president obama acknowledged there has been a rise in income inequality during the economic recovery, saying, "the trends that have taken hold over the past few decades of a economy, where a few do better and better, while everybody else just treads water or loses ground, those trends have been made worse by the recession." but the chances that a gridlocked congress will actually do anything about it are close to zero. indeed, analysts are more concerned that the legislature will end up shooting the economy in the foot.

ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt təˈdeɪ ɪz ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ wɔl strit, ə ˈmuvmənt bɔrn frəm ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ˈoʊvər bæŋk ˈbeɪˌlaʊts, ɛz wɛl ɛz ə bɪˈlif ðət ðə ˈneɪʃənz ˈrɪʧəst hæd ˈgɔtən ˈrɪʧər ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə greɪt ˌriˈsɛʃən waɪl ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls gɑt ˈhæmərd. koʊˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, ðə ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ ɪz aʊt ˈtuzˌdeɪ wɪθ ɪts ˈænjuəl rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ˈɪnˌkəm ənd ˈpɑvərti ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə, ənd ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋz lɛnd səm ˈkridəns tɪ ðət ˈɑrgjəmənt. ˈæftər dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪdli ˈɛvəri jɪr sɪns ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsəs, ˈmidiən ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈɪnˌkəm ɪn ðə juz. rɪˈmeɪnd flæt kəmˈpɛrd tɪ læst jɪr æt (ˈtɛknɪkəli ˈmidiən ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈɪnˌkəm dɪˈklaɪnd sˈlaɪtli, bət baɪ ə stəˈtɪstɪkəli ˌɪnsɪgnˈjɪfɪkənt əˈmaʊnt.) ɔn ðə ˈsərfəs, ðæts ə ˈpɑzətɪv saɪn ðət ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz ˈfaɪnəli ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ tərn əraʊnd. jɛt fər ðoʊz æt ðə tɔp, ɪn ðə pərˈsɛnˌtaɪl, ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈɪnˌkəm həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈbeɪgən tɪ goʊ əp, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ. ðoʊ ˈɪnˌkəm ɪn ðə pərˈsɛnˌtaɪl ɪz stɪl daʊn frəm ɪts pik ɪn ðə mid-2000s*, ðə ˈəpˌtɪk ɪz ˈstraɪkɪŋ wɪn ju kənˈsɪdər ðət ˈɪnˌkəm fər ˈævərɪʤ ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ɪz ˈoʊnli ʤɪst bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ ˈbɑtəm aʊt. ˈfərðər, ˈmidiən ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈɪnˌkəm ɪz stɪl daʊn pərˈsɛnt frəm ɪts ˈlɛvəl ɪn 2007 fər ðoʊz ɪn ðə pərˈsɛnˌtaɪl, ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈɪnˌkəm ɪz daʊn ʤɪst pərˈsɛnt. ənd ɛz ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊsts nil ˈərwɪn noʊts, ˈmidiən ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈɪnˌkəm ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ə hɛr loʊər ðən ɪt wɑz ɪn 1989 ɪn tərmz, wɪn ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ərnd "groʊθ ɪz nɑt fæst ɪˈnəf," ˈtrɛʒəri ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤeɪkəb lu sɛd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə rɪˈpɔrts riˈlis. "ənd ðə ˈvɛri ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv wət ɪt minz tɪ bi ˈmɪdəl klæs ɪz biɪŋ ˈəndərˌkət baɪ trɛnz ɪn ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi ðət məst bi əˈdrɛst." ðə dɪˈvərʤəns ɪz mɔr prəˈnaʊnst æt ðə ˈeɪˌpɛks əv ðə ˈɪnˌkəm ˈlædər. ðə tɔp wən pərˈsɛnt sɔ ðɛr ˈɪnˌkəm spaɪk pərˈsɛnt bɪtˈwin 2009 ənd 2012 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈrisərʧ ˈpeɪpər riˈlist ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ baɪ ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ɪˈkɑnəmɪst ɪˈmænjuəl siz. wɪθ ˈɪnˌkəm fər ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈrɛlətɪvli flæt, ðət minz ðə tɔp wən pərˈsɛnt reɪkt ɪn 95 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈneɪʃənz ˈtoʊtəl groʊθ ɪn wɛlθ sɪns ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rɪˈkəvəri bɪˈgæn. ɪn ə spiʧ ˈmənˌdeɪ, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðɛr həz bɪn ə raɪz ɪn ˈɪnˌkəm ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rɪˈkəvəri, seɪɪŋ, "ðə trɛnz ðət hæv ˈteɪkən hoʊld ˈoʊvər ðə pæst fju ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ə ɪˈkɑnəmi, wɛr ə fju du ˈbɛtər ənd ˈbɛtər, waɪl ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɛls ʤɪst trɛdz ˈwɔtər ər ˈluzɪz graʊnd, ðoʊz trɛnz hæv bɪn meɪd wərs baɪ ðə ˌriˈsɛʃən." bət ðə ˈʧænsɪz ðət ə ˈgrɪˌdlɑkt ˈkɑŋgrəs wɪl ˈæˌkʧuəli du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪt ər kloʊz tɪ ˈziroʊ. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈænəlɪsts ər mɔr kənˈsərnd ðət ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər wɪl ɛnd əp ˈʃutɪŋ ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪn ðə fʊt.

about with most of my time spent remaking the game i loved to play when i was younger and at school, i have really noticed my passion for game designing and this project has taken me just over 3 years to make and i have hit a point where i can take it no further. which for me is very sad but i am only just a designer, i have made contact with who would love to help with this project and get it finished as music artist to make custom soundtracks for the game but sadly that funding so with this so to speak wall in front of me i have come here to the last line of defence for my game to finally get finished, i just hope that some of you have played the original thing thing arena and would love to see a remake. to all those who pledge i thank you from the bottom of my heart and promise to not let you down in bringing back a classic game with a new and wonderful twist,

əˈbaʊt wɪθ moʊst əv maɪ taɪm spɛnt ˈriˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə geɪm aɪ ləvd tɪ pleɪ wɪn aɪ wɑz ˈjəŋgər ənd æt skul, aɪ hæv ˈrɪli ˈnoʊtɪst maɪ ˈpæʃən fər geɪm dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ənd ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt həz ˈteɪkən mi ʤɪst ˈoʊvər 3 jɪrz tɪ meɪk ənd aɪ hæv hɪt ə pɔɪnt wɛr aɪ kən teɪk ɪt noʊ ˈfərðər. wɪʧ fər mi ɪz ˈvɛri sæd bət aɪ æm ˈoʊnli ʤɪst ə dɪˈzaɪnər, aɪ hæv meɪd ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ hu wʊd ləv tɪ hɛlp wɪθ ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt ənd gɪt ɪt ˈfɪnɪʃt ɛz mˈjuzɪk ˈɑrtɪst tɪ meɪk ˈkəstəm ˈsaʊnˌtræks fər ðə geɪm bət ˈsædli ðət ˈfəndɪŋ soʊ wɪθ ðɪs soʊ tɪ spik wɔl ɪn frənt əv mi aɪ hæv kəm hir tɪ ðə læst laɪn əv dɪˈfɛns fər maɪ geɪm tɪ ˈfaɪnəli gɪt ˈfɪnɪʃt, aɪ ʤɪst hoʊp ðət səm əv ju hæv pleɪd ðə ərˈɪʤənəl θɪŋ θɪŋ ərˈinə ənd wʊd ləv tɪ si ə ˈriˈmeɪk. tɪ ɔl ðoʊz hu plɛʤ aɪ θæŋk ju frəm ðə ˈbɑtəm əv maɪ hɑrt ənd ˈprɑməs tɪ nɑt lɛt ju daʊn ɪn ˈbrɪŋɪŋ bæk ə ˈklæsɪk geɪm wɪθ ə nu ənd ˈwəndərfəl twɪst,

i absolutely love strawberries and cook with them frequently. tried to grow them several times in our gardens but there is just something about our property that strawberries do not like. i console myself by going strawberry picking at a local strawberry patch every year and then freeze batches of them so i have them available to me year round. when i came across a recipe for strawberry rhubarb crumble in the beekman 1802 heirloom cookbook, i knew i wanted to try it. my only problem was that our rhubarb plant come up yet! i really wanted to try this crumble recipe so i decided to substitute some blueberries i had frozen over the summer instead. this post may be sponsored. post contains affiliate links. i may be compensated if you make a purchase using my link. strawberry rhubarb crumble recipe filling 2 pounds strawberries, halved or if large (5 cups) 1 pound rhubarb, cut in lengths (or 1 pound blueberries) 2 tablespoons vinegar 1 cup sugar 3 tablespoons all-purpose flour 1/4 teaspoon salt streusel topping 1 cup old fashioned rolled oats 1 cup all purpose flour 1 cup packed light brown sugar 10 tablespoons cold butter, cut into bits preheat the oven to 425f. for the filling: in a large bowl, combine the strawberries, rhubarb/blueberries, and vinegar and toss to combine. add the sugar, flour, and salt and toss again. transfer the mixture to a 9 inch square baking dish. for the topping: in a medium bowl, combine the oats, flour, and brown sugar. with your fingers, cut in the butter until the mixture forms large clumbs. scatter topping over the fruit. place the baking dish on a rimmed baking sheet to catch any drips and bake for 35 to 40 minutes or until the filling is bubbling and the topping is crisp. serve plain, with ice cream or with whipped cream. this is absolutely delicious. this crumble recipe is quick and easy to make and can be made with either fresh or frozen fruit. this is a great way to use up berries that might be getting a little bit too soft to eat fresh. i grew up eating crumbles and and this crumble recipe really brings back memories.

aɪ ˌæbsəˈlutli ləv ˈstrɔˌbɛriz ənd kʊk wɪθ ðɛm ˈfrikwɛntli. traɪd tɪ groʊ ðɛm ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ɪn ɑr ˈgɑrdənz bət ðɛr ɪz ʤɪst ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈprɑpərti ðət ˈstrɔˌbɛriz du nɑt laɪk. aɪ ˈkɑnsoʊl ˌmaɪˈsɛlf baɪ goʊɪŋ ˈstrɔˌbɛri ˈpɪkɪŋ æt ə ˈloʊkəl ˈstrɔˌbɛri pæʧ ˈɛvəri jɪr ənd ðɛn friz ˈbæʧɪz əv ðɛm soʊ aɪ hæv ðɛm əˈveɪləbəl tɪ mi jɪr raʊnd. wɪn aɪ keɪm əˈkrɔs ə ˈrɛsəpi fər ˈstrɔˌbɛri ˈruˌbɑrb ˈkrəmbəl ɪn ðə ˈbikmən 1802 ˈɛˌrlum ˈkʊkˌbʊk, aɪ nu aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ traɪ ɪt. maɪ ˈoʊnli ˈprɑbləm wɑz ðət ɑr ˈruˌbɑrb plænt kəm əp jɛt! aɪ ˈrɪli ˈwɔntɪd tɪ traɪ ðɪs ˈkrəmbəl ˈrɛsəpi soʊ aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈsəbstəˌtut səm ˈbluˌbɛriz aɪ hæd ˈfroʊzən ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsəmər ˌɪnˈstɛd. ðɪs poʊst meɪ bi ˈspɑnsərd. poʊst kənˈteɪnz əˈfɪliˌeɪt lɪŋks. aɪ meɪ bi ˈkɑmpənˌseɪtəd ɪf ju meɪk ə ˈpərʧəs ˈjuzɪŋ maɪ lɪŋk. ˈstrɔˌbɛri ˈruˌbɑrb ˈkrəmbəl ˈrɛsəpi ˈfɪlɪŋ 2 paʊnz ˈstrɔˌbɛriz, hævd ər ɪf lɑrʤ 5 kəps) 1 paʊnd ˈruˌbɑrb, kət ɪn lɛŋθs (ər 1 paʊnd ˈbluˌbɛriz) 2 ˈteɪbəlˌspunz ˈvɪnəgər 1 kəp ˈʃʊgər 3 ˈteɪbəlˌspunz ˈɔlˈpərpəs flaʊər ˈtiˌspun sɔlt ˈtɑpɪŋ 1 kəp oʊld ˈfæʃənd roʊld oʊts 1 kəp ɔl ˈpərpəs flaʊər 1 kəp pækt laɪt braʊn ˈʃʊgər 10 ˈteɪbəlˌspunz koʊld ˈbətər, kət ˈɪntu bɪts ðə ˈəvən tɪ 425f*. fər ðə ˈfɪlɪŋ: ɪn ə lɑrʤ boʊl, ˈkɑmbaɪn ðə ˈstrɔˌbɛriz, rhubarb/blueberries*, ənd ˈvɪnəgər ənd tɔs tɪ ˈkɑmbaɪn. æd ðə ˈʃʊgər, flaʊər, ənd sɔlt ənd tɔs əˈgɛn. ˈtrænsfər ðə ˈmɪksʧər tɪ ə 9 ɪnʧ skwɛr ˈbeɪkɪŋ dɪʃ. fər ðə ˈtɑpɪŋ: ɪn ə ˈmidiəm boʊl, ˈkɑmbaɪn ðə oʊts, flaʊər, ənd braʊn ˈʃʊgər. wɪθ jʊr ˈfɪŋgərz, kət ɪn ðə ˈbətər ənˈtɪl ðə ˈmɪksʧər fɔrmz lɑrʤ clumbs*. ˈskætər ˈtɑpɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə frut. pleɪs ðə ˈbeɪkɪŋ dɪʃ ɔn ə rɪmd ˈbeɪkɪŋ ʃit tɪ kæʧ ˈɛni drɪps ənd beɪk fər 35 tɪ 40 ˈmɪnəts ər ənˈtɪl ðə ˈfɪlɪŋ ɪz ˈbəbəlɪŋ ənd ðə ˈtɑpɪŋ ɪz krɪsp. sərv pleɪn, wɪθ aɪs krim ər wɪθ wɪpt krim. ðɪs ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli dɪˈlɪʃəs. ðɪs ˈkrəmbəl ˈrɛsəpi ɪz kwɪk ənd ˈizi tɪ meɪk ənd kən bi meɪd wɪθ ˈiðər frɛʃ ər ˈfroʊzən frut. ðɪs ɪz ə greɪt weɪ tɪ juz əp ˈbɛriz ðət maɪt bi ˈgɪtɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt tu sɔft tɪ it frɛʃ. aɪ gru əp ˈitɪŋ ˈkrəmbəlz ənd ənd ðɪs ˈkrəmbəl ˈrɛsəpi ˈrɪli brɪŋz bæk ˈmɛməriz.

another movie from the daily sketches series - another animal, this time a lot smaller :d on the movie i will show you how to draw such birdie from the very beginning to the end, maybe my techniques will become useful to you in your own creations. also i'd like to encourage you to upload your drawings to gallery (you can do that after logging in)! lately few new drawings showed up and it makes me very happy :d such small bird is a great exercise so watch the movie and try it out yourself! of course if you have any questions, i am waiting for comments, i'd be happy to give additional explanations. ..:: download ::.. the one for download is in much better quality, bigger resolution and without speed up, so you can see clearly what i am doing in each step. just download it, watch and try to draw the bird yourself! at first i just try to grasp the base shape, only after i can see it, i add new layer and sketch all the details. i am not trying to be very precise while drawing, sketch is a bit messy and lines are pretty chaotic but what counts is that all the elements are on correct places (like eye, beak and so on). then on separate layers i paint base colors with hard brush. i just divide the whole drawing into few layers, trying to simplify it. opacity of my sketch is lowered, because it was too disturbing. and i paint background with soft brush. low opacity for the brush makes blending colors easier. for each layer on which i've painted some base color with a hard brush, i add new layer and turn it into a clipping mask (you can do that by chosen layer and picking this option from the menu). i also copy the sketch and turn it into a clipping mask too, so that i can use those lines while painting the bird. parts of the sketch will become part of the painting. i color my birdie with a brush you already know from the previous tutorial, you can download it from here. you can see that sometimes i use very small brush and scribble something on bird's head, and sometimes i use bigger one, with smaller opacity and cover larger areas. with small elements (like beak) i mix colors with smudge tool. sometimes i use smudge tool on my base layer, to get rid of hard borderline or add small feathers on the edge. you can see those on bird's head and belly. slowly more and more feathers are being added and sketch is finally rubbed into the painting. bird is rather colorful - to make areas of one color not look artificial, i add small details of that color elsewhere. for example - i used some orange tones from bird's belly and painted small lines on the side or head, where you don't see orange at all. i do the same on the tail, where i used blue from the background to add light. painting the branch also starts with creation of new clipping mask for color. those are very convenient since they let me forget about the edges and shapes, i can paint freely without worrying that i will paint over something or will have to erase edges once again. at first i just want to show cylindrical shape of the branch so i add dark color on the upper and bottom part. i also add some light green, so that my branch is not completely black and white. last thing in this part is adding missing detail on the tail. i start working on his legs - first color them in a dark color, so i can see them more clearly and then adjust the shape with smudge tool. only after that i start adding some simple detail with lighter color, to make them less flat. i am not trying too hard for those, they are not a significant element of the drawing anyway. but it is crucial to remember about the shadow on the branch. only because of that shadow our bird actually looks like it is standing on the branch and it's not just pasted on top of it. then i add some simple bark detail, small dots and wrinkles. i fix (with smudge tool again) edges on the base layer for the branch, so they are not that sharp and stiff. then i color that thin branch on the edge of the picture. i use lots of blue tones this time, since i plan to blur it out and it should blend into the background nicely. gaussian blur filter helps me out in this task - i use in on the base layer and on the clipping mask too. i make that last branch in the corner in the same way. and that's it, drawing is finished. download the movie if you haven't yet!

əˈnəðər ˈmuvi frəm ðə ˈdeɪli ˈskɛʧɪz ˈsɪriz əˈnəðər ˈænəməl, ðɪs taɪm ə lɔt sˈmɔlər :di ɔn ðə ˈmuvi aɪ wɪl ʃoʊ ju haʊ tɪ drɔ səʧ ˈbərdi frəm ðə ˈvɛri bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ ðə ɛnd, ˈmeɪbi maɪ tɛkˈniks wɪl bɪˈkəm ˈjusfəl tɪ ju ɪn jʊr oʊn kriˈeɪʃənz. ˈɔlsoʊ aɪd laɪk tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ju tɪ ˈəˌploʊd jʊr drɔɪŋz tɪ ˈgæləri (ju kən du ðət ˈæftər ˈlɔgɪŋ ɪn)! ˈleɪtli fju nu drɔɪŋz ʃoʊd əp ənd ɪt meɪks mi ˈvɛri ˈhæpi :di səʧ smɔl bərd ɪz ə greɪt ˈɛksərˌsaɪz soʊ wɔʧ ðə ˈmuvi ənd traɪ ɪt aʊt ˈjɔrsɛlf! əv kɔrs ɪf ju hæv ˈɛni kˈwɛsʧənz, aɪ æm ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ˈkɑmɛnts, aɪd bi ˈhæpi tɪ gɪv əˈdɪʃənəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃənz. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə wən fər ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɪz ɪn məʧ ˈbɛtər kˈwɑləti, ˈbɪgər ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ənd wɪˈθaʊt spid əp, soʊ ju kən si ˈklɪrli wət aɪ æm duɪŋ ɪn iʧ stɛp. ʤɪst ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɪt, wɔʧ ənd traɪ tɪ drɔ ðə bərd ˈjɔrsɛlf! æt fərst aɪ ʤɪst traɪ tɪ græsp ðə beɪs ʃeɪp, ˈoʊnli ˈæftər aɪ kən si ɪt, aɪ æd nu leɪər ənd skɛʧ ɔl ðə ˈditeɪlz. aɪ æm nɑt traɪɪŋ tɪ bi ˈvɛri prɪˈsaɪs waɪl drɔɪŋ, skɛʧ ɪz ə bɪt ˈmɛsi ənd laɪnz ər ˈprɪti keɪˈɑtɪk bət wət kaʊnts ɪz ðət ɔl ðə ˈɛləmənts ər ɔn kərˈɛkt ˈpleɪsɪz (laɪk aɪ, bik ənd soʊ ɔn). ðɛn ɔn ˈsɛpərˌeɪt leɪərz aɪ peɪnt beɪs ˈkələrz wɪθ hɑrd brəʃ. aɪ ʤɪst dɪˈvaɪd ðə hoʊl drɔɪŋ ˈɪntu fju leɪərz, traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪ ɪt. oʊˈpæsəti əv maɪ skɛʧ ɪz loʊərd, bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz tu dɪˈstərbɪŋ. ənd aɪ peɪnt ˈbækˌgraʊnd wɪθ sɔft brəʃ. loʊ oʊˈpæsəti fər ðə brəʃ meɪks ˈblɛndɪŋ ˈkələrz ˈiziər. fər iʧ leɪər ɔn wɪʧ aɪv ˈpeɪnɪd səm beɪs ˈkələr wɪθ ə hɑrd brəʃ, aɪ æd nu leɪər ənd tərn ɪt ˈɪntu ə ˈklɪpɪŋ mæsk (ju kən du ðət baɪ ˈʧoʊzən leɪər ənd ˈpɪkɪŋ ðɪs ˈɔpʃən frəm ðə ˈmɛnju). aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkɑpi ðə skɛʧ ənd tərn ɪt ˈɪntu ə ˈklɪpɪŋ mæsk tu, soʊ ðət aɪ kən juz ðoʊz laɪnz waɪl ˈpeɪnɪŋ ðə bərd. pɑrts əv ðə skɛʧ wɪl bɪˈkəm pɑrt əv ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ. aɪ ˈkələr maɪ ˈbərdi wɪθ ə brəʃ ju ɔˈrɛdi noʊ frəm ðə ˈpriviəs tuˈtɔriəl, ju kən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɪt frəm hir. ju kən si ðət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz aɪ juz ˈvɛri smɔl brəʃ ənd ˈskrɪbəl ˈsəmθɪŋ ɔn bərdz hɛd, ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz aɪ juz ˈbɪgər wən, wɪθ sˈmɔlər oʊˈpæsəti ənd ˈkəvər ˈlɑrʤər ˈɛriəz. wɪθ smɔl ˈɛləmənts (laɪk bik) aɪ mɪks ˈkələrz wɪθ sməʤ tul. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz aɪ juz sməʤ tul ɔn maɪ beɪs leɪər, tɪ gɪt rɪd əv hɑrd ˈbɔrdərˌlaɪn ər æd smɔl ˈfɛðərz ɔn ðə ɛʤ. ju kən si ðoʊz ɔn bərdz hɛd ənd ˈbɛli. sˈloʊli mɔr ənd mɔr ˈfɛðərz ər biɪŋ ˈædɪd ənd skɛʧ ɪz ˈfaɪnəli rəbd ˈɪntu ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ. bərd ɪz ˈrəðər ˈkələrfəl tɪ meɪk ˈɛriəz əv wən ˈkələr nɑt lʊk ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl, aɪ æd smɔl ˈditeɪlz əv ðət ˈkələr ˈɛlsˌwɛr. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl aɪ juzd səm ˈɔrɪnʤ toʊnz frəm bərdz ˈbɛli ənd ˈpeɪnɪd smɔl laɪnz ɔn ðə saɪd ər hɛd, wɛr ju doʊnt si ˈɔrɪnʤ æt ɔl. aɪ du ðə seɪm ɔn ðə teɪl, wɛr aɪ juzd blu frəm ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd tɪ æd laɪt. ˈpeɪnɪŋ ðə brænʧ ˈɔlsoʊ stɑrts wɪθ kriˈeɪʃən əv nu ˈklɪpɪŋ mæsk fər ˈkələr. ðoʊz ər ˈvɛri kənˈvinjənt sɪns ðeɪ lɛt mi fərˈgɛt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɛʤɪz ənd ʃeɪps, aɪ kən peɪnt ˈfrili wɪˈθaʊt ˈwəriɪŋ ðət aɪ wɪl peɪnt ˈoʊvər ˈsəmθɪŋ ər wɪl hæv tɪ ɪˈreɪs ˈɛʤɪz wəns əˈgɛn. æt fərst aɪ ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ ʃoʊ sɪˈlɪndrɪkəl ʃeɪp əv ðə brænʧ soʊ aɪ æd dɑrk ˈkələr ɔn ðə ˈəpər ənd ˈbɑtəm pɑrt. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ æd səm laɪt grin, soʊ ðət maɪ brænʧ ɪz nɑt kəmˈplitli blæk ənd waɪt. læst θɪŋ ɪn ðɪs pɑrt ɪz ˈædɪŋ ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈditeɪl ɔn ðə teɪl. aɪ stɑrt ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn hɪz lɛgz fərst ˈkələr ðɛm ɪn ə dɑrk ˈkələr, soʊ aɪ kən si ðɛm mɔr ˈklɪrli ənd ðɛn əˈʤəst ðə ʃeɪp wɪθ sməʤ tul. ˈoʊnli ˈæftər ðət aɪ stɑrt ˈædɪŋ səm ˈsɪmpəl ˈditeɪl wɪθ ˈlaɪtər ˈkələr, tɪ meɪk ðɛm lɛs flæt. aɪ æm nɑt traɪɪŋ tu hɑrd fər ðoʊz, ðeɪ ər nɑt ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈɛləmənt əv ðə drɔɪŋ ˈɛniˌweɪ. bət ɪt ɪz ˈkruʃəl tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər əˈbaʊt ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊ ɔn ðə brænʧ. ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz əv ðət ˈʃæˌdoʊ ɑr bərd ˈæˌkʧuəli lʊks laɪk ɪt ɪz ˈstændɪŋ ɔn ðə brænʧ ənd ɪts nɑt ʤɪst ˈpeɪstɪd ɔn tɔp əv ɪt. ðɛn aɪ æd səm ˈsɪmpəl bɑrk ˈditeɪl, smɔl dɑts ənd ˈrɪŋkəlz. aɪ fɪks (wɪθ sməʤ tul əˈgɛn) ˈɛʤɪz ɔn ðə beɪs leɪər fər ðə brænʧ, soʊ ðeɪ ər nɑt ðət ʃɑrp ənd stɪf. ðɛn aɪ ˈkələr ðət θɪn brænʧ ɔn ðə ɛʤ əv ðə ˈpɪkʧər. aɪ juz lɑts əv blu toʊnz ðɪs taɪm, sɪns aɪ plæn tɪ blər ɪt aʊt ənd ɪt ʃʊd blɛnd ˈɪntu ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈnaɪsli. ˈgaʊsiən blər ˈfɪltər hɛlps mi aʊt ɪn ðɪs tæsk aɪ juz ɪn ɔn ðə beɪs leɪər ənd ɔn ðə ˈklɪpɪŋ mæsk tu. aɪ meɪk ðət læst brænʧ ɪn ðə ˈkɔrnər ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ. ənd ðæts ɪt, drɔɪŋ ɪz ˈfɪnɪʃt. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə ˈmuvi ɪf ju ˈhævənt jɛt!

tuesday am update, with: coco has struck a chord in china and is expected to keep strumming along as play continues. the movie from directors lee and adrian molina has quickly become the pixar title ever in the market with guitar hero miguel and his trusty dog dante tuning up $75.6m after 10 days there ($80m through monday, based on local estimates). the sophomore middle kingdom session came in 148% above last opening, pointing to the fantastic buzz and themes. coco led overall overseas play for the weekend, followed by justice league which came in at a higher than estimated $36.8m, and helped to push warner across the $3b mark at the international box office. murder on the orient express (also better, at $23.7m), home 2 ($15.6m) and animated japanese title fireworks, should we see it from the side or the bottom? ($10.7m in china) round out the top 5. the full international box office weekend on coco was $69.6m in 33 markets for an offshore of $172.3m and a global tally of $281m. there are still such majors to come as australia, italy, brazil, korea, the and japan. pixar has traditionally been soft in the middle kingdom, but local are extra sweet on coco. the movie had the best sophomore weekend ever for an animated film in the market, behind only and that title multiplied like rabbits with an ultimate $235m there last year (after it was granted an extended run). this past week, coco saw increases throughout with a weekend that far outdistanced the other players (including justice league which is moving close to $100m at chinese turnstiles). marvel coco, which saw another no. 1 performance domestically this session, earlier this week helped disney across the $5b global box office mark for 2017. so did thor: which has now nailed $817.5m worldwide. the grabbed another $6.6m this frame to lift the international to $526.1m, passing x-men: days of future $514m. warner. in other superhero news, warner/dc’s justice league dropped% from last weekend to lasso $36.8m in the outing for an overseas of $371.8m. the global total to date is $569.2m. in highlights for the group, the china of $98.6m) has now surpassed the lifetime totals of both wonder woman and batman v superman: dawn of justice to become the dc film ever in the proc. elsewhere, mystery train, murder on the orient express, has crossed $150m internationally, with strong openings in italy, korea, indonesia and brazil. a bad moms christmas decked the halls by passing $100m global, as did wonder. and, paddington 2 is to $50m overseas. as we wait for star wars: the last jedi to storm the world beginning december 13, next weekend will see expansions and holdovers while china gets a roster of new including paddington 2, only the brave, loving vincent and 47 meters down. in the meantime, breakdowns and on the titles above and others have been updated below. new darkest hour focus features gary star turn in working darkest hour has been heating awards talk since the film debuted during the fall festival circuit. universal is just beginning offshore release of the drama from joe wright with china kicking things off. the weekend was $2.1m in the middle kingdom for place in a frame that was dominated by overwhelming support of animated family pic, coco. oldman plays british prime minister winston churchill in the early days of world war ii. with the fall of france imminent, britain faces its darkest hour as the threat of invasion looms and churchill must maneuver his political rivals while confronting the ultimate choice: negotiate with hitler and save the british people at a terrible cost or rally the nation and fight on against incredible odds. international dates roll out through february. the and european majors should see solid play on the prestige title premieres are being held in london and paris the week of december 11. upcoming dates include france on january 3, brazil on january 4, australia and germany on january 11 and spain and the ireland on january 12. holdovers/expansions coco disney leading the international box office this session, day of the family pic continues to charm offshore audiences, and with many majors still to come. the movie had already become the no. 1 film ever in mexico, and this weekend set a pixar record in china where it is the animation biggest grosser to date. with $75.6m in the middle kingdom, coco is flying in the face of traditional underperformance in the market. themes of love, leaving and the world of the dead are really striking a chord locally. in total, lee and adrian coco plucked up another $69.6m in 33 material markets this weekend, lifting the international to $172.3m and the worldwide songbook to $281m. this weekend saw coco open in france, germany and spain. in the former, the colorful pic stirred up $5.2m ($6.4m including previews), landing it at no. 1 and more than doubling the openings of both ralph and big hero 6. spain was also a no. 1 start with $2.8m, ahead of the debuts of and big hero 6. germany too grabbed no. 1 with $2m to top and ralph. elsewhere in europe, coco had an especially impressive opening in belgium, posting $900k, ahead of all three above and with a saturday that topped frozen. in holds, the china performance truly is impressive. after a $17.8m start and lots of social sentiment last frame, this week saw each weekday increase before the sophomore $44.2m. 148% above the opening frame and ranks as the highest second weekend ever for an animated release in china behind only. recall that was a massive hit last year with $235m in middle kingdom coin. coco is already the highest grossing pixar release ever in china and third highest release after only and big hero 6. fun fact: the second weekend $44.2m china gross, if ranked against animated opening weekends, would stand at no. 3 all-time, behind only opening frames of despicable me 3 and kung fu panda 3. elsewhere, coco held terrifically with increases in a further five markets: indonesia (+49%), malaysia (+30%), portugal (+18%), taiwan (+15%) and vietnam (+9%). the top 5 plays so far are china, mexico ($55.6m), france ($6.4m), russia ($5.8m) and spain ($2.8m). justice league warner. with a% drop in its third weekend, warner/dc’s justice league added $36.8m on screens in 66 markets. that billows cape to $371.8m overseas and $569.2m worldwide. there’s a new milestone for the league of superheroes in china where a running of ($98.6m) cuffs the best dc score ever, surpassing the totals of wonder woman and bvs. brazil remains the no. 2 offshore market for the batman and crew. the film is still no. 1 there and saw a small 24% dip to bring the total so far to $31.3m. mexico is next best with $21.7m to date after ranking no. 2 this weekend. in the, the crew has racked up $20.2m, and korea is now at $12.9m. murder on the orient express 20th century fox rolling into a handful of new stations this session, kenneth mystery unearthed $23.7m in a total 72. that lifts the overseas to $153.4m. italy saw a great start at $3.8m, 12% bigger than comp the great gatsby and good for no. 1. korea, where two local movies are leading, gave $3.4m, on par with gone girl and including previews. also new this weekend was indonesia at $1.8m for no. 1, and brazil bowed at no. 2 with $1.5m. in holds, germany was down 30% for a $9.5m total so far; the dipped 39% with a of $28.8m; and australia fell off by just 20% to $9.9m so far. overall, orient express is the top film in seven markets and is outpacing the great gatsby by 39% and gone girl by 68% in the same bucket of markets and at current exchange rates. next weekend, the film opens in belgium, japan and taiwan. daddy’s home 2 paramount holiday comedy grossed $15.6m this weekend in 49 markets, including 25 new openings. the international is now $34m. playing to the family crowd, the drop was 32% from last session. mexico got off to no. 1 with $4.8m at 764 cinemas becoming the biggest all-time opening weekend for a hollywood comedy behind pixels. the result is 108% above home. the was also a no. 1 debut with $650k at 45 cinemas for 26% over the original will wahlberg-starrer. argentina roosted at no. 2 in the debut with $408k at 179 locations; the result is 40% above home which opened during school holidays). colombia started at no. 3 with $357k at 182 sites. the bow is 26% below home which likewise opened during school holidays. israel stepped in at no. 2 with $275k at 27 sites; 17% above home. ecuador scored the best opening ever for a comedy with $170k at 40 cinemas. in holds, the added $2.7m in frame 2 on the pic that features mel gibson and john lithgow. the total is currently $10.6m. others include australia at $5.3m; russia with $2.5m; and $1.6m. the next major to go is germany on december 7. wonder lionsgate/participant sleeper broke the $100m worldwide mark this weekend, thanks to a further $7.8m from 46 markets. the worldwide and international totals stand at $100.2m and $12.2m respectively through sunday. australia started off at no. 1 with $2.3m from 290 locations. the julia also bowed in the, with $1.5m from 526 screens, and spain debuted to $753k from 241. brazil is the next major to launch (december 7) with the rest of international rolling out through the holiday season into early next year. paddington 2 rex/shutterstock the little bear with the big heart is closing in on $50m at the international box office after a weekend that added $7.5m in about 30 markets. that lifted the offshore total to $49.9m through sunday. the still leads totals at $36.3m. china and france are on deck this coming session. both were sizable plays for the peruvian first outing, with $16.8m and $25m, respectively. this is all ahead of the u.s. debut via warner on january 12. thor: disney the son of odin crossed $800m global as expected this week, lifting to $817.5m. internationally, take on the marvel property added $6.6m in 52 markets for an offshore total of $526.1m to date, passing x-men: days of future past ($514m). holds are good in such plays as the (-9%), israel (-9%), australia (-13%), sweden (-28%), mexico (-29%), argentina (-30%), the netherlands (-31%), japan (-43%) and germany (-45%). in the, thor 3 hammered past the mark and will soon surpass the lifetime total of spider-man: homecoming. china remains the top market at $112.1m, followed by the, korea ($34.9m), brazil ($29.9m) and australia ($25.2m). a bad moms christmas stxfilms the sequel opened in seven more international markets this weekend and added $3.9m from locations. the offshore is $38.2m which helps push the comedy across the $100m mark worldwide. the global to date is $102.9m. in the netherlands and belgium this weekend, frosty weather kept some folks home as the weekend approached, but on saturday both markets saw the sequel outperform the original. the former opened bad moms christmas at no. 3 with $546k from 115 sites. 24% ahead of the previous film and like horrible bosses 2, neighbors 2 and office christmas party. in belgium, the mila opened at no. 3 with $206k from 68 locations, 26% behind bad moms, but ahead of the other. france came in lower than with $444k at 197 locations, 44% behind bad moms. the leads holds with a tiny 13% drop for a $9.7m. germany, austria and switzerland are at $9.6m to date, followed by with $8.1m after five frames. still to come are italy, russia, spain and latin america this weekend. jigsaw lionsgate’s carved out another $2.5m in 65 markets this weekend, for a $60.4m running offshore. brazil launched to $1m on 480 screens, surpassing saw 4 (+89%), saw 5 (+85%), and saw 6 (+156%), based on local currency. the remains the lead market at $6.7m after weekend 6. venezuela ($5.7m), russia ($5.1m), germany ($5.1m) and france ($4m) follow. happy death day universal the horror pic scared up $2.3m in 39 markets this session for an international total of $53.2m. argentina got off to a strong start in the search for the killer with $418k at no. 3. france, where the titled happy birthdead, was the top hold at $601k for a total $3.6m. the global tally lifts to $109m. russia releases this week. misc updateds/notables stx entertainment the snowman (uni): $1.6m weekend (19 markets); $34.9m international the foreigner (stx): $1.2m weekend (3 new markets); $103.5m the mountain between us (fox): $1.46m weekend (26 markets); $27.5m girls trip (uni): $676k weekend (5 markets); $23m marrowbone (uni): $245k weekend (spain only); $7.7m spanish new local titles universal desconocidos, a spanish comedy that universal is distributing in spain, opened friday and placed no. 2 for the weekend with $2.2m. this is the opening of the year for a local film and should see solid holds and extended run through the holiday period. critics and audiences are responding well to the álex de la pic that stars belen rueda. a remake of paolo italian hit perfetti (perfect strangers) which released last year and scored the best film and screenplay prizes at the david di awards. the story unfolds at a dinner party during which proposed that everyone leave their cell phone in the center of the table, with text messages, calls and social prompts visible to all and revealing secrets that are perhaps better kept hidden. warner japan released full metal alchemist this weekend with the film grabbing no. 1 at $3.4m on 411 screens. the results are on par with local hit kenshin. directed by and based on the manga series, an action story about alchemist brothers edward and in search of the legendary stone. new in korea, mystery thriller forgotten bowed via with $3.42m at no. 2 behind holdover the swindlers. from zhang hang-jun, the film stars kang and kim as brothers and. when is kidnapped on their first day at a new house, suffers from hallucinations until returns home on the day with a memory loss and exhibiting strange behavior. finding himself in a hidden murder case inside’s twisted memory, faces a heartbreaking truth. recently acquired the pic for global rollout in 2018.

ˈtuzˌdeɪ æm ˈəpˌdeɪt, wɪθ: ˈkoʊˌkoʊ həz strək ə kɔrd ɪn ˈʧaɪnə ənd ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ kip ˈstrəmɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ɛz pleɪ kənˈtɪnjuz. ðə ˈmuvi frəm dɪˈrɛktərz li ənd ˈeɪdriən məˈlinə həz kˈwɪkli bɪˈkəm ðə ˈpɪksɑr ˈtaɪtəl ˈɛvər ɪn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt wɪθ gɪˈtɑr ˈhɪroʊ mɪˈgɛl ənd hɪz ˈtrəsti dɔg ˈdɑnteɪ ˈtunɪŋ əp ˈæftər 10 deɪz ðɛr θru ˈmənˌdeɪ, beɪst ɔn ˈloʊkəl ˈɛstəˌmeɪts). ðə ˈsɑfˌmɔr ˈmɪdəl ˈkɪŋdəm ˈsɛʃən keɪm ɪn 148 əˈbəv læst ˈoʊpənɪŋ, ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ ðə fænˈtæstɪk bəz ənd θimz. ˈkoʊˌkoʊ lɛd ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈoʊvərˈsiz pleɪ fər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈʤəstɪs lig wɪʧ keɪm ɪn æt ə haɪər ðən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd, ənd hɛlpt tɪ pʊʃ ˈwɔrnər əˈkrɔs ðə mɑrk æt ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl bɑks ˈɔfəs. ˈmərdər ɔn ðə ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs (ˈɔlsoʊ ˈbɛtər, æt), hoʊm 2) ənd ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈtaɪtəl ˈfaɪrˌwərks, ʃʊd wi si ɪt frəm ðə saɪd ər ðə ˈbɑtəm? ɪn ˈʧaɪnə) raʊnd aʊt ðə tɔp 5 ðə fʊl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl bɑks ˈɔfəs ˈwiˌkɪnd ɔn ˈkoʊˌkoʊ wɑz ɪn 33 ˈmɑrkɪts fər ən ˈɔfˈʃɔr əv ənd ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈtæli əv 281m*. ðɛr ər stɪl səʧ ˈmeɪʤərz tɪ kəm ɛz ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈɪtəli, brəˈzɪl, ˌkɔˈriə, ðə ənd ʤəˈpæn. ˈpɪksɑr həz trəˈdɪʃənəli bɪn sɔft ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈkɪŋdəm, bət ˈloʊkəl ər ˈɛkstrə swit ɔn ˈkoʊˌkoʊ. ðə ˈmuvi hæd ðə bɛst ˈsɑfˌmɔr ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈɛvər fər ən ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd fɪlm ɪn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt, bɪˈhaɪnd ˈoʊnli ənd ðət ˈtaɪtəl ˈməltəˌplaɪd laɪk ˈræbəts wɪθ ən ˈəltəmət ðɛr læst jɪr (ˈæftər ɪt wɑz ˈgrænɪd ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd rən). ðɪs pæst wik, ˈkoʊˌkoʊ sɔ ˌɪnˈkrisɪz θruaʊt wɪθ ə ˈwiˌkɪnd ðət fɑr ˈaʊtˈdɪstənst ðə ˈəðər pleɪərz (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈʤəstɪs lig wɪʧ ɪz ˈmuvɪŋ kloʊz tɪ æt ʧaɪˈniz ˈtərnˌstaɪlz). ˈmɑrvəl ˈkoʊˌkoʊ, wɪʧ sɔ əˈnəðər noʊ. 1 pərˈfɔrməns dəˈmɛstɪkli ðɪs ˈsɛʃən, ˈərliər ðɪs wik hɛlpt ˈdɪzni əˈkrɔs ðə ˈgloʊbəl bɑks ˈɔfəs mɑrk fər 2017 soʊ dɪd θɔr: wɪʧ həz naʊ neɪld ˈwərldˈwaɪd. ðə græbd əˈnəðər ðɪs freɪm tɪ lɪft ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl tɪ, ˈpæsɪŋ x-men*: deɪz əv fˈjuʧər 514m*. ˈwɔrnər. ɪn ˈəðər ˌsupərˈhiroʊ nuz, ˈwɔrnər ˈʤəstɪs lig drɑpt frəm læst ˈwiˌkɪnd tɪ ˈlæsoʊ ɪn ðə ˈaʊtɪŋ fər ən ˈoʊvərˈsiz əv. ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈtoʊtəl tɪ deɪt ɪz. ɪn ˈhaɪˌlaɪts fər ðə grup, ðə ˈʧaɪnə əv) həz naʊ sərˈpæst ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm ˈtoʊtəlz əv boʊθ ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən ənd ˈbætˌmæn vi ˈsupərˌmæn: dɔn əv ˈʤəstɪs tɪ bɪˈkəm ðə ˌdiˈsi fɪlm ˈɛvər ɪn ðə proc*. ˈɛlsˌwɛr, ˈmɪstəri treɪn, ˈmərdər ɔn ðə ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs, həz krɔst ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli, wɪθ strɔŋ ˈoʊpənɪŋz ɪn ˈɪtəli, ˌkɔˈriə, ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ənd brəˈzɪl. ə bæd mɑmz ˈkrɪsməs dɛkt ðə hɔlz baɪ ˈpæsɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl, ɛz dɪd ˈwəndər. ənd, ˈpædɪŋtən 2 ɪz tɪ ˈoʊvərˈsiz. ɛz wi weɪt fər stɑr wɔrz: ðə læst ˈʤɛˌdi tɪ stɔrm ðə wərld bɪˈgɪnɪŋ dɪˈsɛmbər 13 nɛkst ˈwiˌkɪnd wɪl si ɪkˈspænʧənz ənd ˈhoʊlˌdoʊvərz waɪl ˈʧaɪnə gɪts ə ˈrɑstər əv nu ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpædɪŋtən 2 ˈoʊnli ðə breɪv, ˈləvɪŋ ˈvɪnsɪnt ənd 47 ˈmitərz daʊn. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ˈbreɪkˌdaʊnz ənd ɔn ðə ˈtaɪtəlz əˈbəv ənd ˈəðərz hæv bɪn ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd bɪˈloʊ. nu ˈdɑrkəst aʊər ˈfoʊkɪs ˈfiʧərz ˈgɛri stɑr tərn ɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ˈdɑrkəst aʊər həz bɪn ˈhitɪŋ əˈwɔrdz tɔk sɪns ðə fɪlm ˈdeɪbjutɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fɔl ˈfɛstɪvəl ˈsərkət. ˌjunəˈvərsəl ɪz ʤɪst bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ˈɔfˈʃɔr riˈlis əv ðə ˈdrɑmə frəm ʤoʊ raɪt wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə ˈkɪkɪŋ θɪŋz ɔf. ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd wɑz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈkɪŋdəm fər pleɪs ɪn ə freɪm ðət wɑz ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ səˈpɔrt əv ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ˈfæməli pɪk, ˈkoʊˌkoʊ. ˈoʊldmən pleɪz ˈbrɪtɪʃ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈwɪnstən ˈʧərʧɪl ɪn ðə ˈərli deɪz əv wərld wɔr ii*. wɪθ ðə fɔl əv fræns ˈɪmənənt, ˈbrɪtən ˈfeɪsɪz ɪts ˈdɑrkəst aʊər ɛz ðə θrɛt əv ˌɪnˈveɪʒən lumz ənd ˈʧərʧɪl məst məˈnuvər hɪz pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈraɪvəlz waɪl kənˈfrəntɪŋ ðə ˈəltəmət ʧɔɪs: nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt wɪθ ˈhɪtlər ənd seɪv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈpipəl æt ə ˈtɛrəbəl kɔst ər ˈræli ðə ˈneɪʃən ənd faɪt ɔn əˈgɛnst ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ɑdz. ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl deɪts roʊl aʊt θru ˈfɛbruˌɛri. ðə ənd ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈmeɪʤərz ʃʊd si ˈsɑləd pleɪ ɔn ðə prɛˈstiʒ ˈtaɪtəl prɛˈmɪrz ər biɪŋ hɛld ɪn ˈləndən ənd ˈpɛrɪs ðə wik əv dɪˈsɛmbər 11 ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ deɪts ˌɪnˈklud fræns ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 3 brəˈzɪl ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 4 ɔˈstreɪljə ənd ˈʤərməni ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 11 ənd speɪn ənd ðə ˈaɪərlənd ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 12 ˈkoʊˌkoʊ ˈdɪzni ˈlidɪŋ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl bɑks ˈɔfəs ðɪs ˈsɛʃən, deɪ əv ðə ˈfæməli pɪk kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ʧɑrm ˈɔfˈʃɔr ˈɔdiənsəz, ənd wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈmeɪʤərz stɪl tɪ kəm. ðə ˈmuvi hæd ɔˈrɛdi bɪˈkəm ðə noʊ. 1 fɪlm ˈɛvər ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ənd ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd sɛt ə ˈpɪksɑr ˈrɛkərd ɪn ˈʧaɪnə wɛr ɪt ɪz ðə ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ˈbɪgəst ˈgroʊsər tɪ deɪt. wɪθ ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈkɪŋdəm, ˈkoʊˌkoʊ ɪz flaɪɪŋ ɪn ðə feɪs əv trəˈdɪʃənəl əndərpərˈfɔrməns ɪn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt. θimz əv ləv, ˈlivɪŋ ənd ðə wərld əv ðə dɛd ər ˈrɪli ˈstraɪkɪŋ ə kɔrd ˈloʊkəli. ɪn ˈtoʊtəl, li ənd ˈeɪdriən ˈkoʊˌkoʊ pləkt əp əˈnəðər ɪn 33 məˈtɪriəl ˈmɑrkɪts ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd, ˈlɪftɪŋ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl tɪ ənd ðə ˈwərldˈwaɪd ˈsɔngˌbʊk tɪ 281m*. ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd sɔ ˈkoʊˌkoʊ ˈoʊpən ɪn fræns, ˈʤərməni ənd speɪn. ɪn ðə ˈfɔrmər, ðə ˈkələrfəl pɪk stərd əp ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈprivˌjuz), ˈlændɪŋ ɪt æt noʊ. 1 ənd mɔr ðən ˈdəbəlɪŋ ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋz əv boʊθ rælf ənd bɪg ˈhɪroʊ 6 speɪn wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə noʊ. 1 stɑrt wɪθ 2.8m*, əˈhɛd əv ðə ˈdeɪbjuz əv ənd bɪg ˈhɪroʊ 6 ˈʤərməni tu græbd noʊ. 1 wɪθ tɪ tɔp ənd rælf. ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ˈjʊrəp, ˈkoʊˌkoʊ hæd ən əˈspɛʃəli ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ˈoʊpənɪŋ ɪn ˈbɛlʤəm, ˈpoʊstɪŋ 900k*, əˈhɛd əv ɔl θri əˈbəv ənd wɪθ ə ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ðət tɑpt ˈfroʊzən. ɪn hoʊldz, ðə ˈʧaɪnə pərˈfɔrməns ˈtruli ɪz ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv. ˈæftər ə stɑrt ənd lɑts əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsɛnəmənt læst freɪm, ðɪs wik sɔ iʧ ˈwikˌdeɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsɑfˌmɔr. 148 əˈbəv ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ freɪm ənd ræŋks ɛz ðə haɪəst ˈsɛkənd ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈɛvər fər ən ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd riˈlis ɪn ˈʧaɪnə bɪˈhaɪnd ˈoʊnli. ˈriˌkɔl ðət wɑz ə ˈmæsɪv hɪt læst jɪr wɪθ ɪn ˈmɪdəl ˈkɪŋdəm kɔɪn. ˈkoʊˌkoʊ ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ðə haɪəst ˈgroʊsɪŋ ˈpɪksɑr riˈlis ˈɛvər ɪn ˈʧaɪnə ənd θərd haɪəst riˈlis ˈæftər ˈoʊnli ənd bɪg ˈhɪroʊ 6 fən fækt: ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈʧaɪnə groʊs, ɪf ræŋkt əˈgɛnst ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈwiˌkɛndz, wʊd stænd æt noʊ. 3 ˌɔlˈtaɪm, bɪˈhaɪnd ˈoʊnli ˈoʊpənɪŋ freɪmz əv dɪˈspɪkəbəl mi 3 ənd kəŋ fu ˈpændə 3 ˈɛlsˌwɛr, ˈkoʊˌkoʊ hɛld tərˈɪfɪkli wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ə ˈfərðər faɪv ˈmɑrkɪts: ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə 49 məˈleɪʒə 30 ˈpɔrʧəgəl 18 ˈtaɪˈwɑn 15 ənd viˌɛtˈnɑm 9 ðə tɔp 5 pleɪz soʊ fɑr ər ˈʧaɪnə, ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ 55.6m*), fræns), ˈrəʃə 5.8m*) ənd speɪn 2.8m*). ˈʤəstɪs lig ˈwɔrnər. wɪθ ə drɔp ɪn ɪts θərd ˈwiˌkɪnd, ˈwɔrnər ˈʤəstɪs lig ˈædɪd ɔn skrinz ɪn 66 ˈmɑrkɪts. ðət ˈbɪloʊz keɪp tɪ ˈoʊvərˈsiz ənd ˈwərldˈwaɪd. ə nu ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn fər ðə lig əv ˌsupərˈhiroʊz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə wɛr ə ˈrənɪŋ əv) kəfs ðə bɛst ˌdiˈsi skɔr ˈɛvər, sərˈpæsɪŋ ðə ˈtoʊtəl əv ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən ənd bvs*. brəˈzɪl rɪˈmeɪnz ðə noʊ. 2 ˈɔfˈʃɔr ˈmɑrkɪt fər ðə ˈbætˌmæn ənd kru. ðə fɪlm ɪz stɪl noʊ. 1 ðɛr ənd sɔ ə smɔl 24 dɪp tɪ brɪŋ ðə ˈtoʊtəl soʊ fɑr tɪ 31.3m*. ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ɪz nɛkst bɛst wɪθ tɪ deɪt ˈæftər ˈræŋkɪŋ noʊ. 2 ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd. ɪn ðə, ðə kru həz rækt əp 20.2m*, ənd ˌkɔˈriə ɪz naʊ æt 12.9m*. ˈmərdər ɔn ðə ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs ˈsɛnʧəri fɑks ˈroʊlɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv nu ˈsteɪʃənz ðɪs ˈsɛʃən, ˈkɛnɪθ ˈmɪstəri əˈnərθt ɪn ə ˈtoʊtəl 72 ðət lɪfts ðə ˈoʊvərˈsiz tɪ 153.4m*. ˈɪtəli sɔ ə greɪt stɑrt æt 3.8m*, 12 ˈbɪgər ðən kɑmp ðə greɪt ˈgætsbi ənd gʊd fər noʊ. 1 ˌkɔˈriə, wɛr tu ˈloʊkəl ˈmuviz ər ˈlidɪŋ, geɪv, ɔn pɑr wɪθ gɔn gərl ənd ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈprivˌjuz. ˈɔlsoʊ nu ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd wɑz ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə æt fər noʊ. 1 ənd brəˈzɪl boʊd æt noʊ. 2 wɪθ. ɪn hoʊldz, ˈʤərməni wɑz daʊn 30 fər ə ˈtoʊtəl soʊ fɑr; ðə dɪpt 39 wɪθ ə əv 28.8m*; ənd ɔˈstreɪljə fɛl ɔf baɪ ʤɪst 20 tɪ soʊ fɑr. ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs ɪz ðə tɔp fɪlm ɪn ˈsɛvən ˈmɑrkɪts ənd ɪz ˈaʊtˌpeɪsɪŋ ðə greɪt ˈgætsbi baɪ 39 ənd gɔn gərl baɪ 68 ɪn ðə seɪm ˈbəkɪt əv ˈmɑrkɪts ənd æt ˈkɑrənt ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ reɪts. nɛkst ˈwiˌkɪnd, ðə fɪlm ˈoʊpənz ɪn ˈbɛlʤəm, ʤəˈpæn ənd ˈtaɪˈwɑn. hoʊm 2 ˈpɛrəˌmaʊnt ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈkɑmədi groʊst ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd ɪn 49 ˈmɑrkɪts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 25 nu ˈoʊpənɪŋz. ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪz naʊ 34m*. pleɪɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈfæməli kraʊd, ðə drɔp wɑz 32 frəm læst ˈsɛʃən. ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ gɑt ɔf tɪ noʊ. 1 wɪθ æt 764 ˈsɪnəməz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðə ˈbɪgəst ˌɔlˈtaɪm ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈwiˌkɪnd fər ə ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈkɑmədi bɪˈhaɪnd ˈpɪksəlz. ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz 108 əˈbəv hoʊm. ðə wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə noʊ. 1 ˈdeɪbju wɪθ æt 45 ˈsɪnəməz fər 26 ˈoʊvər ðə ərˈɪʤənəl wɪl wahlberg-starrer*. ˌɑrʤənˈtinə ˈrustɪd æt noʊ. 2 ɪn ðə ˈdeɪbju wɪθ æt 179 loʊˈkeɪʃənz; ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz 40 əˈbəv hoʊm wɪʧ ˈoʊpənd ˈdʊrɪŋ skul ˈhɑləˌdeɪz). kəˈləmbiə ˈstɑrtɪd æt noʊ. 3 wɪθ æt 182 saɪts. ðə boʊ ɪz 26 bɪˈloʊ hoʊm wɪʧ ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz ˈoʊpənd ˈdʊrɪŋ skul ˈhɑləˌdeɪz. ˈɪzriəl stɛpt ɪn æt noʊ. 2 wɪθ æt 27 saɪts; 17 əˈbəv hoʊm. ˈɛkwəˌdɔr skɔrd ðə bɛst ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈɛvər fər ə ˈkɑmədi wɪθ æt 40 ˈsɪnəməz. ɪn hoʊldz, ðə ˈædɪd ɪn freɪm 2 ɔn ðə pɪk ðət ˈfiʧərz mɛl ˈgɪbsən ənd ʤɑn ˈlɪθgaʊ. ðə ˈtoʊtəl ɪz ˈkərəntli 10.6m*. ˈəðər ˌɪnˈklud ɔˈstreɪljə æt 5.3m*; ˈrəʃə wɪθ; ənd. ðə nɛkst ˈmeɪʤər tɪ goʊ ɪz ˈʤərməni ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 7 ˈwəndər sˈlipər broʊk ðə ˈwərldˈwaɪd mɑrk ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd, θæŋks tɪ ə ˈfərðər frəm 46 ˈmɑrkɪts. ðə ˈwərldˈwaɪd ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈtoʊtəlz stænd æt ənd rɪˈspɛktɪvli θru ˈsənˌdi. ɔˈstreɪljə ˈstɑrtɪd ɔf æt noʊ. 1 wɪθ frəm 290 loʊˈkeɪʃənz. ðə ˈʤuljə ˈɔlsoʊ boʊd ɪn ðə, wɪθ frəm 526 skrinz, ənd speɪn ˈdeɪbjutɪd tɪ frəm 241 brəˈzɪl ɪz ðə nɛkst ˈmeɪʤər tɪ lɔnʧ (dɪˈsɛmbər 7 wɪθ ðə rɛst əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈroʊlɪŋ aʊt θru ðə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈsizən ˈɪntu ˈərli nɛkst jɪr. ˈpædɪŋtən 2 ðə ˈlɪtəl bɛr wɪθ ðə bɪg hɑrt ɪz ˈkloʊzɪŋ ɪn ɔn æt ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl bɑks ˈɔfəs ˈæftər ə ˈwiˌkɪnd ðət ˈædɪd ɪn əˈbaʊt 30 ˈmɑrkɪts. ðət ˈlɪftɪd ðə ˈɔfˈʃɔr ˈtoʊtəl tɪ θru ˈsənˌdi. ðə stɪl lidz ˈtoʊtəlz æt 36.3m*. ˈʧaɪnə ənd fræns ər ɔn dɛk ðɪs ˈkəmɪŋ ˈsɛʃən. boʊθ wər ˈsaɪzəbəl pleɪz fər ðə pərˈuviən fərst ˈaʊtɪŋ, wɪθ ənd 25m*, rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ðɪs ɪz ɔl əˈhɛd əv ðə juz. ˈdeɪbju ˈviə ˈwɔrnər ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 12 θɔr: ˈdɪzni ðə sən əv ˈoʊdən krɔst ˈgloʊbəl ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd ðɪs wik, ˈlɪftɪŋ tɪ. ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli, teɪk ɔn ðə ˈmɑrvəl ˈprɑpərti ˈædɪd ɪn 52 ˈmɑrkɪts fər ən ˈɔfˈʃɔr ˈtoʊtəl əv tɪ deɪt, ˈpæsɪŋ x-men*: deɪz əv fˈjuʧər pæst 514m*). hoʊldz ər gʊd ɪn səʧ pleɪz ɛz ðə 9 ˈɪzriəl 9 ɔˈstreɪljə 13 sˈwidən 28 ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ 29 ˌɑrʤənˈtinə 30 ðə ˈnɛðərləndz 31 ʤəˈpæn 43 ənd ˈʤərməni 45 ɪn ðə, θɔr 3 ˈhæmərd pæst ðə mɑrk ənd wɪl sun sərˈpæs ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm ˈtoʊtəl əv ˈspaɪdərmæn: ˈhoʊmˌkəmɪŋ. ˈʧaɪnə rɪˈmeɪnz ðə tɔp ˈmɑrkɪt æt 112.1m*, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ðə, ˌkɔˈriə), brəˈzɪl 29.9m*) ənd ɔˈstreɪljə 25.2m*). ə bæd mɑmz ˈkrɪsməs ðə ˈsikwəl ˈoʊpənd ɪn ˈsɛvən mɔr ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑrkɪts ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd ənd ˈædɪd frəm loʊˈkeɪʃənz. ðə ˈɔfˈʃɔr ɪz wɪʧ hɛlps pʊʃ ðə ˈkɑmədi əˈkrɔs ðə mɑrk ˈwərldˈwaɪd. ðə ˈgloʊbəl tɪ deɪt ɪz 102.9m*. ɪn ðə ˈnɛðərləndz ənd ˈbɛlʤəm ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd, ˈfrɔsti ˈwɛðər kɛpt səm foʊks hoʊm ɛz ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd əˈproʊʧt, bət ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ boʊθ ˈmɑrkɪts sɔ ðə ˈsikwəl ˈaʊtpərˌfɔrm ðə ərˈɪʤənəl. ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈoʊpənd bæd mɑmz ˈkrɪsməs æt noʊ. 3 wɪθ frəm 115 saɪts. 24 əˈhɛd əv ðə ˈpriviəs fɪlm ənd laɪk ˈhɔrəbəl ˈbɔsɪz 2 ˈneɪbərz 2 ənd ˈɔfəs ˈkrɪsməs ˈpɑrti. ɪn ˈbɛlʤəm, ðə ˈmaɪlə ˈoʊpənd æt noʊ. 3 wɪθ frəm 68 loʊˈkeɪʃənz, 26 bɪˈhaɪnd bæd mɑmz, bət əˈhɛd əv ðə ˈəðər. fræns keɪm ɪn loʊər ðən wɪθ æt 197 loʊˈkeɪʃənz, 44 bɪˈhaɪnd bæd mɑmz. ðə lidz hoʊldz wɪθ ə ˈtaɪni 13 drɔp fər ə. ˈʤərməni, ˈɔstriə ənd sˈwɪtsərlənd ər æt tɪ deɪt, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ wɪθ ˈæftər faɪv freɪmz. stɪl tɪ kəm ər ˈɪtəli, ˈrəʃə, speɪn ənd ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkə ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd. ˈʤɪgˌsɔ kɑrvd aʊt əˈnəðər ɪn 65 ˈmɑrkɪts ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd, fər ə ˈrənɪŋ ˈɔfˈʃɔr. brəˈzɪl lɔnʧt tɪ ɔn 480 skrinz, sərˈpæsɪŋ sɔ 4 89 sɔ 5 85 ənd sɔ 6 156 beɪst ɔn ˈloʊkəl ˈkərənsi. ðə rɪˈmeɪnz ðə lɛd ˈmɑrkɪt æt ˈæftər ˈwiˌkɪnd 6 ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlə 5.7m*), ˈrəʃə 5.1m*), ˈʤərməni 5.1m*) ənd fræns 4m*) ˈfɑloʊ. ˈhæpi dɛθ deɪ ˌjunəˈvərsəl ðə ˈhɔrər pɪk skɛrd əp ɪn 39 ˈmɑrkɪts ðɪs ˈsɛʃən fər ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈtoʊtəl əv 53.2m*. ˌɑrʤənˈtinə gɑt ɔf tɪ ə strɔŋ stɑrt ɪn ðə sərʧ fər ðə ˈkɪlər wɪθ æt noʊ. 3 fræns, wɛr ðə ˈtaɪtəld ˈhæpi birthdead*, wɑz ðə tɔp hoʊld æt fər ə ˈtoʊtəl 3.6m*. ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈtæli lɪfts tɪ 109m*. ˈrəʃə rɪˈlisɪz ðɪs wik. ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ðə sˈnoʊˌmæn (ˈjuni): ˈwiˌkɪnd 19 ˈmɑrkɪts); ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ðə ˈfɔrənər (stx*): ˈwiˌkɪnd 3 nu ˈmɑrkɪts); ðə ˈmaʊntən bɪtˈwin ˈjuˈɛs (fɑks): ˈwiˌkɪnd 26 ˈmɑrkɪts); gərlz trɪp (ˈjuni): ˈwiˌkɪnd 5 ˈmɑrkɪts); (ˈjuni): ˈwiˌkɪnd (speɪn ˈoʊnli); ˈspænɪʃ nu ˈloʊkəl ˈtaɪtəlz ˌjunəˈvərsəl desconocidos*, ə ˈspænɪʃ ˈkɑmədi ðət ˌjunəˈvərsəl ɪz dɪˈstrɪbjutɪŋ ɪn speɪn, ˈoʊpənd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ənd pleɪst noʊ. 2 fər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd wɪθ 2.2m*. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ əv ðə jɪr fər ə ˈloʊkəl fɪlm ənd ʃʊd si ˈsɑləd hoʊldz ənd ɪkˈstɛndɪd rən θru ðə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈpɪriəd. ˈkrɪtɪks ənd ˈɔdiənsəz ər rɪˈspɑndɪŋ wɛl tɪ ðə də lɑ pɪk ðət stɑrz ˈbɛlən ruˈɛdə. ə ˈriˈmeɪk əv ˈpaʊloʊ ˌɪˈtæljən hɪt pərˈfɛti (ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈstreɪnʤərz) wɪʧ riˈlist læst jɪr ənd skɔrd ðə bɛst fɪlm ənd ˈskrinˌpleɪ ˈpraɪzɪz æt ðə ˈdeɪvɪd di əˈwɔrdz. ðə ˈstɔri ənˈfoʊldz æt ə ˈdɪnər ˈpɑrti ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ prəˈpoʊzd ðət ˈɛvriˌwən liv ðɛr sɛl foʊn ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə ˈteɪbəl, wɪθ tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz, kɔlz ənd ˈsoʊʃəl prɑmpts ˈvɪzəbəl tɪ ɔl ənd rɪˈvilɪŋ ˈsikrɪts ðət ər pərˈhæps ˈbɛtər kɛpt ˈhɪdən. ˈwɔrnər ʤəˈpæn riˈlist fʊl ˈmɛtəl ˈælkɛˌmɪst ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd wɪθ ðə fɪlm ˈgræbɪŋ noʊ. 1 æt ɔn 411 skrinz. ðə rɪˈzəlts ər ɔn pɑr wɪθ ˈloʊkəl hɪt kenshin*. dɪˈrɛktɪd baɪ ənd beɪst ɔn ðə ˈmæŋgə ˈsɪriz, ən ˈækʃən ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ˈælkɛˌmɪst ˈbrəðərz ˈɛdwərd ənd ɪn sərʧ əv ðə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri stoʊn. nu ɪn ˌkɔˈriə, ˈmɪstəri θˈrɪlər fərˈgɑtən boʊd ˈviə wɪθ æt noʊ. 2 bɪˈhaɪnd ˈhoʊlˌdoʊvər ðə sˈwɪndlərz. frəm ʒɑŋ hang-jun*, ðə fɪlm stɑrz kɑŋ ənd kɪm ɛz ˈbrəðərz ənd. wɪn ɪz ˈkɪdˌnæpt ɔn ðɛr fərst deɪ æt ə nu haʊs, ˈsəfərz frəm həˌlusəˈneɪʃənz ənˈtɪl rɪˈtərnz hoʊm ɔn ðə deɪ wɪθ ə ˈmɛməri lɔs ənd ɪgˈzɪbɪtɪŋ streɪnʤ bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈfaɪndɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn ə ˈhɪdən ˈmərdər keɪs ˌɪnˈsaɪd tˈwɪstɪd ˈmɛməri, ˈfeɪsɪz ə ˈhɑrtˌbreɪkɪŋ truθ. ˈrisəntli əkˈwaɪərd ðə pɪk fər ˈgloʊbəl ˈroʊˌlaʊt ɪn 2018

the economic pessimists are winning the argument in the u.s. treasury bond market. yields on treasury issues have fallen across the board monday to their lowest levels in more than a year as some investors continue to seek a haven. the yield (charted below), a benchmark for mortgage rates, was at% at about noon pdt, down from% on friday and the lowest since april 2009. the was at%. about half the yield investors were demanding as recently as april 5. traders say some investors are taking their cue from promises made over the weekend by the wealthiest nations at the group summit. the biggest countries committed to slashing their budget deficits in half by 2013. the more the industrialized nations talk about reducing spending, the greater the risk that the global economy tilts back toward recession and deflation. at least, how new bond buyers see it, said tom di, head of u.s. rates trading at guggenheim partners in new york. “this is carryover from the ‘double-dip,’ deflation outlook” that fueled heavy buying of treasuries last week, di said. the yield was% a week ago. economist paul krugman has been leading the pack of analysts warning about the risk of sinking into a new morass if governments and central banks pull back on policies to boost the economy. “we are now, i fear, in the early stages of a third depression,” krugman wrote in the new york times over the weekend. the first two u.s. depressions were in the years following 1873 and in the 1930s. the stock market wasn't buying the bond grim message monday. after slumping last week, stocks were up modestly with about an hour of trading to go. the dow jones industrials were up 42 points to. some of the fresh demand for treasuries is tied to book-juggling, as banks and other financial players look to bolster their balance sheets with liquid securities, traders say. but buyers also must be betting that the raft of economic data this week tell a story of a stronger recovery that could fuel a sudden in interest rates. a tepid report monday on may consumer spending helped bolster the econ bears’ case. on friday the government will report on june employment trends. the private sector is estimated to have added a net jobs this month, up from a dismal in may, according to economist estimates tracked by bloomberg news. di thinks the yield will soon fall through 3%. any backup in yields just brings out more buyers, he said. -- tom

ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɛsəmɪsts ər ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪn ðə juz. ˈtrɛʒəri bɑnd ˈmɑrkɪt. jildz ɔn ˈtrɛʒəri ˈɪʃuz hæv ˈfɑlən əˈkrɔs ðə bɔrd ˈmənˌdeɪ tɪ ðɛr loʊəst ˈlɛvəlz ɪn mɔr ðən ə jɪr ɛz səm ˌɪnˈvɛstərz kənˈtɪnju tɪ sik ə ˈheɪvən. ðə jild (ˈʧɑrtɪd bɪˈloʊ), ə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk fər ˈmɔrgɪʤ reɪts, wɑz æt æt əˈbaʊt nun pdt*, daʊn frəm ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ənd ðə loʊəst sɪns ˈeɪprəl 2009 ðə wɑz æt əˈbaʊt hæf ðə jild ˌɪnˈvɛstərz wər dɪˈmændɪŋ ɛz ˈrisəntli ɛz ˈeɪprəl 5 ˈtreɪdərz seɪ səm ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛr kju frəm ˈprɑməsəz meɪd ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd baɪ ðə ˈwɛlθiəst ˈneɪʃənz æt ðə grup ˈsəmɪt. ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈkəntriz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ sˈlæʃɪŋ ðɛr ˈbəʤɪt ˈdɛfɪsɪts ɪn hæf baɪ 2013 ðə mɔr ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəˌlaɪzd ˈneɪʃənz tɔk əˈbaʊt rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈspɛndɪŋ, ðə ˈgreɪtər ðə rɪsk ðət ðə ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi tɪlts bæk təˈwɔrd ˌriˈsɛʃən ənd dɪˈfleɪʃən. æt list, haʊ nu bɑnd baɪərz si ɪt, sɛd tɑm di, hɛd əv juz. reɪts ˈtreɪdɪŋ æt ˈgugənˌhaɪm ˈpɑrtnərz ɪn nu jɔrk. ɪz ˈkɛˌrjoʊvər frəm ðə ‘‘double-dip,’*,’ dɪˈfleɪʃən outlook”*” ðət fjuəld ˈhɛvi baɪɪŋ əv ˈtrɛʒəriz læst wik, di sɛd. ðə jild wɑz ə wik əˈgoʊ. ɪˈkɑnəmɪst pɔl ˈkrəgmən həz bɪn ˈlidɪŋ ðə pæk əv ˈænəlɪsts ˈwɔrnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə rɪsk əv ˈsɪŋkɪŋ ˈɪntu ə nu ˈmɔræs ɪf ˈgəvərnmənts ənd ˈsɛntrəl bæŋks pʊl bæk ɔn ˈpɑləsiz tɪ bust ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ər naʊ, aɪ fɪr, ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ə θərd depression,”*,” ˈkrəgmən roʊt ɪn ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd. ðə fərst tu juz. dɪˈprɛʃənz wər ɪn ðə jɪrz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ 1873 ənd ɪn ðə 1930s*. ðə stɑk ˈmɑrkɪt ˈwəzənt baɪɪŋ ðə bɑnd grɪm ˈmɛsɪʤ ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈæftər sˈləmpɪŋ læst wik, stɑks wər əp ˈmɑdəstli wɪθ əˈbaʊt ən aʊər əv ˈtreɪdɪŋ tɪ goʊ. ðə daʊ ʤoʊnz ˌɪnˈdəstriəlz wər əp 42 pɔɪnts tɪ səm əv ðə frɛʃ dɪˈmænd fər ˈtrɛʒəriz ɪz taɪd tɪ book-juggling*, ɛz bæŋks ənd ˈəðər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl pleɪərz lʊk tɪ ˈboʊlstər ðɛr ˈbæləns ʃits wɪθ ˈlɪkwɪd sɪˈkjʊrətiz, ˈtreɪdərz seɪ. bət baɪərz ˈɔlsoʊ məst bi ˈbɛtɪŋ ðət ðə ræft əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈdætə ðɪs wik tɛl ə ˈstɔri əv ə ˈstrɔŋgər rɪˈkəvəri ðət kʊd fjuəl ə ˈsədən ɪn ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts. ə ˈtɛpɪd rɪˈpɔrt ˈmənˌdeɪ ɔn meɪ kənˈsumər ˈspɛndɪŋ hɛlpt ˈboʊlstər ðə ˈiˌkɑn bears’*’ keɪs. ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ʤun ɪmˈplɔɪmənt trɛnz. ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər ɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd tɪ hæv ˈædɪd ə nɛt ʤɑbz ðɪs mənθ, əp frəm ə ˈdɪzməl ɪn meɪ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ɪˈkɑnəmɪst ˈɛstəˌmeɪts trækt baɪ ˈblumbərg nuz. di θɪŋks ðə jild wɪl sun fɔl θru 3 ˈɛni ˈbæˌkəp ɪn jildz ʤɪst brɪŋz aʊt mɔr baɪərz, hi sɛd. tɑm

this product hasn't received any reviews yet. be the first to review this product! read reviews all over internet... so i watched some vids, and read online reviews, and freaked myself out, after ordering this jacket. some people online are really not fans of this website, or their products. all i can do is speak from my experiences... the item shipped fast. the item arrived fast. the packaging was perfect. well sealed, compact without damaging the jacket. professional looking. the jacket was exactly how it was advertised. it fits perfect (which for me is the hardest part of shopping online). i really can't say anything bad about my experience with this company or product. in fact, i'll probably order myself the star lord jacket for christmas. yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. look no further right here i could not believe the quality of the product i received. it is expertly made, uses very supple and attractive leather and fits like a glove. read the measurement chart and make sure you use it to guaranteed the right fit. had a little bit of a time with communications but the item arrived within 4 days. yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. tis a good buy a great medium to light jacket, good color not exactly like the movie which is good because i want to look like im in everyday life. the best part about this jacket is not being attacked by a girl with a big metal stick and a droidt shocks you. yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. recommended it is the best and most amazing jacket of finn. recommended yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. oh my gosh. i don't usually review products but i could not resist for this item. so this jacket just arrived (within a week!!!) in time for the holidays. i purchased it as a gift for my brother. not only is the material soft, comfortable, and warm, but it seems very durable and high quality. i am usually skeptical about ordering online, but this gamble was worth every penny. if this jacket fit me, my brother would be getting something else for christmas. i would have kept it myself! overall, wonderful product and it even comes with a garment bag for easy storage and wrapping. would order it again ten times over. true to size, true to description. yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. good jacket. probably best option for the money good quality leather jacket. the beige color is a little light but i weathering it it seems a little darker and more movie accurate. i originally got the distressed brown which starts out way too dark, so i figure this is the way to go and glad i did. it fits a little big in the shoulders and a little long in the sleeves and a little shorter in lengthn the movie. i'm" ~150 and the medium is good on me. large would be too big and small would be too small... also ships super fast, got mine within 6 days i think! i got some from barton and bishop on to make it more movie accurate too and now it looks awesome! not a 5 star of the shoulder fit and sleeve length, but overall very satisfied with this jacket! i would recommend! yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. i've got a good feeling about this after looking at the few finn jackets on here repeatedly i ended up going for this one. arrived within a week. fits great, feels good quality and nice soft leather. detailing is great and even has some loops below the left hand pocket which aren't too obvious. the 3 inner pockets are decent size with one of them just right for an iphone 6 which is also true of the breast pocket. love this jacket and only wish weather was cooler so i could wear it more. i'm, 190 lbs and 43" chest and the large is just right. if anything, the sleeves could do with being 1 to 2" shorter butt is not big problem. yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. great quality, excellent customer service mistakenly ordered this jacket instead of the distressed brown jacket which includes a zipper. i'm currently exchanging it fort one, but i must sayt i was still impressed with the quality of the jacket. i did try it on to check if my sizing was accurate, i a large and it was a bit snug on me so i made sure to go with the on my exchange. i'm" and about 220 pounds. the customer service team here is outstanding, highly responsive and does a great job of letting me know what is going on during the exchange process. i'll definitely be recommending this company to others! yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. good opinion from france sorry for my english, i'm a french buyer. i have to sayt i was very surprised of the quality of this jacket,t is really really good, for only 169 $ andt is real leather. i found no defaults. i received it 6 days after i ordered it.t is the exact model of the film. i the finn beige leather jacket, because it looks "fresh" and not so "tired"t another model of jacket, (poe dameron finn brown waxed jacket) so i can wear it frequently. just one thing about the measure, i usually wear clothes in france, my chest measure is 109 cm, so i the l model, and i have to say it is not too small. perhaps a little little bit large, but, only if i wear a small t-shirt under. if i change and choose the m model, the arms will be too shorts. if i wear a shirt under, it's perfect. so you made me very happy.nk you. yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. it's calling to let it in. out of all the many star wars replicas i own, this is without a doubt the one of the highest caliber. not only is it well-crafted, but it is also light, comfortable, and has the character qualityt you need to be a part of the star wars universe. it is great to wear around the house or for halloween. you can even become "that guy"t wears a star wars jacket in public with this one (it ist cool!). now all i need is a starfighter, and i'd be set for life. yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. great quality, quick delivery the jacket is near identical to the actual thing, high quality materials and feels sturdy. delivery was great, went with the cheapest delivery option and it arrived to me in the in 5 days. the jacket fits well in the chest and is a good length, only problem i have is it is very tight on the upper arms around the area yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. oh.my.god. seriously, you have no idea how happy you made me. i got this jacket for my fiancee as a wedding gift to him and iear, it is beyond gorgeous! it is worth every penny and the leather is seriously soft as described. although the colour is slightly lightern in the photos but it is still very gorgeous. now, it would be so great if you could tel me how to maintain this jacket because i am all the way in kuala lumpur, malaysia with scorching tropical weather. it is very humid here and it can go up to 38 degrees on a normal day. what is the best way to care for this jacket? i would hate it if anything were to happen to it. alright then,nks so much guys for an amazing jacket and superb service. be sure to hear from me again soon. i would surely come back for more ;) yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. great quality and excellent service. the jacket is of really great quality and is very comfortable to wear. the delivery has been lightning fast and the support team has been of great help regarding sizing and so on. highly recommended you will not regret it. yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. can't complain exceptt it's tailored a little wide i'm going to first say the quality is very impressive and is a soft leather, looks fantastic just like the movie. wish the back upper shoulder area had the vertical stitching like the authentic and the back of the collar with the horizontal stitching (maybe they'll add it in the future ;) but aside fromt this jacket comes as close as it could. you could be nit picky and ask for the loose straps on the bottom left of the front of the jacket but there are straps there, just not loose. so once again this is a raving review its quite a beautiful jacket. here is my one legitimate complaint, i am" very active with a muscular build i weigh 175. i always wear a medium in my clothing and was skeptical if for a jacket i should be ordering a large or medium but decided to go medium seeing it's to be a fitted jacket instead of like a winter one. i should probably have gone with a small, the arms fit me pretty snug but the armpits down to the bottom of the jacket were made rather large, boxy could be the best description. obviously i can't expect a tailored look because they don't know if it's someone fit or wide so it's tough to complain but i thought a medium would fit slimmer. shoulders were a little wide too like a suit jacket instead of rounded and relaxed to the body. maybe i just need to break it in some, i'm writing this as of the dayt it arrived. shipping took about 3 weeks from order day, but rest assured people i am from pennsylvania and live in the states. this is not a fake site and you will receive your product with a smile on your face. my only advice ist if you think maybe i should get a small then you probably should, what the small fits like but i sure wish i could have tried them on before purchasing because i may have gone with it. i doubt i can exchange yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. vary wary but super happy with purchase i was very wary of ordering a jacket, hoping the jacket would look and fit as advertised and not to get ripped off. my concerns were for naught, as the jacket arrived fitting well and looking just like the product pictures. this is a tremendous jacket, and shipping was prompt. i think i had the jacket within 2 weeks of ordering and discussing the fit with customer service. i will order again and i recommend the company. yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. a very pleasant surprise i was very skeptical when i first ordered this jacket but i'm a huge fan of star wars and i had to take a chance. wellt chance paid off. this jacket is amazing. it really is real leather, it fits like a glove. i don't know what else to say. the shipping took a little longern i anticipated, but i placed my order around christmas. when i did contact their customer support they responded very quickly and assured me it would ship as soon as it was done being processed. if you're reading this review, don't buy this jacket from anywhere else. this is the best choice. this jacket is amazing and i couldn't be happier with my purchase. i'll definitely buy from these guys again. keep up the good work! yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. best reproduction out there i ordered this jacket while they wereitching from the brown and bright red shoulders, to the weathered beige with darkened red shoulders. they gave me an option of choosing, to make sure i received the item i wanted. seeingt the beige was closer to the movie, i orderedt one. there are a few differences between this and the real on but the main color and details of the jacket are accurate, and looks much bettern any other out there. i am" and 200 lbs, and the large fits just the tiniest bit largern optimal, but is light and comfortable. can't wait for the weather to warm up and give this jacket a real weathered look. yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. quality product! i ordered this for my son for a surprise for his birthday. he is a huge star wars fan and had shown it to me before. when he opened his gift and saw it he was in shock! it is so well made and fits perfectly and didn't think i had gotten it for him. this jacket is gorgeous and the customer service is amazing! it arrived quickern expected. i highly recommend this company and jacket for any star wars fan. yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. i love this jacket so much to any customert is thinking about purchasing this jacket i am a verified happy have ordered multiple jackets from this company before this one and have never had a problem with shipping except this last time butt shipping mishap actually ended up working to my benefit to where i ended up extremely happen with the product in the long run. if you order this jacket, it will take a week maybe less to actually reach your doorstep once you get the confirmation emailt your order was shipped. my particular experience they use fedex and the package comes in a very professional package. the quality of the jacket is very professionally well done. i was expecting a little bit heavier leather almost like camel leather which is what finn wore in the movie but its really fine light real leather. my jacket is a distressed brown color, not the antique beige color. i gott particular jacket because i wanted zippers and the jacket to function, and it works out perfectly. i don't understand why there aren't zippers in the movie jackets (apparently in a galaxy far far away a long time ago zippers didn't exist lol). overall, everything i particularly requested was worked on and my jacket turned out perfect. i am really glad i took the extra time for the perfect jacket design because really delivered a quality product. i will order more jackets from them they are the best website in my opinion to order your film replica jackets from. even if they don't have the jacket design you want from your favorite movie, they remain in constant communication within a day of your email. which is another aspect about this company i love and what keeps me coming back. yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. 5 star for sure great jacket... good customer service 5 star for sure...:) yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product. hope he likes it and hope it works the jacket looks really good but i buy it for myself. going to gift it to my bro, whose room is filled up with collectibles. i showed him the jacket and he liked it but he have the money to buy it so he felt down. being the awesome sibling, i plan to buy it for him. i had full confidencet this will definitely work.nkfult you guys made the delivery process quicker sot it arrived on time and i can gift it to him. you guys are the best! yes, i recommend this product. verified purchase. i recommend this product.

ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt ˈhæzənt rɪˈsivd ˈɛni rəvˈjuz jɛt. bi ðə fərst tɪ ˌrivˈju ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt! rɛd rəvˈjuz ɔl ˈoʊvər ˈɪntərˌnɛt... soʊ aɪ wɔʧt səm vids*, ənd rɛd ˈɔnˌlaɪn rəvˈjuz, ənd frikt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf aʊt, ˈæftər ˈɔrdərɪŋ ðɪs ˈʤækɪt. səm ˈpipəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn ər ˈrɪli nɑt fænz əv ðɪs ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ər ðɛr ˈprɑdəkts. ɔl aɪ kən du ɪz spik frəm maɪ ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz... ðə ˈaɪtəm ʃɪpt fæst. ðə ˈaɪtəm əraɪvd fæst. ðə ˈpækɪʤɪŋ wɑz ˈpərˌfɪkt. wɛl sild, ˈkɑmpækt wɪˈθaʊt ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ðə ˈʤækɪt. prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈlʊkɪŋ. ðə ˈʤækɪt wɑz ɪgˈzæktli haʊ ɪt wɑz ˌædvərˈtaɪzd. ɪt fɪts ˈpərˌfɪkt (wɪʧ fər mi ɪz ðə ˈhɑrdəst pɑrt əv ˈʃɑpɪŋ ˈɔnˌlaɪn). aɪ ˈrɪli kænt seɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bæd əˈbaʊt maɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ ðɪs ˈkəmpəˌni ər ˈprɑdəkt. ɪn fækt, aɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈɔrdər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ðə stɑr lɔrd ˈʤækɪt fər ˈkrɪsməs. jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. lʊk noʊ ˈfərðər raɪt hir aɪ kʊd nɑt bɪˈliv ðə kˈwɑləti əv ðə ˈprɑdəkt aɪ rɪˈsivd. ɪt ɪz ˈɛkspərtli meɪd, ˈjuzɪz ˈvɛri ˈsəpəl ənd əˈtræktɪv ˈlɛðər ənd fɪts laɪk ə gləv. rɛd ðə ˈmɛʒərmənt ʧɑrt ənd meɪk ʃʊr ju juz ɪt tɪ ˌgɛrənˈtid ðə raɪt fɪt. hæd ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv ə taɪm wɪθ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz bət ðə ˈaɪtəm əraɪvd wɪˈθɪn 4 deɪz. jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. tɪz ə gʊd baɪ ə greɪt ˈmidiəm tɪ laɪt ˈʤækɪt, gʊd ˈkələr nɑt ɪgˈzæktli laɪk ðə ˈmuvi wɪʧ ɪz gʊd bɪˈkəz aɪ wɔnt tɪ lʊk laɪk ɪm ɪn ˈɛvriˈdeɪ laɪf. ðə bɛst pɑrt əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈʤækɪt ɪz nɑt biɪŋ əˈtækt baɪ ə gərl wɪθ ə bɪg ˈmɛtəl stɪk ənd ə drɔɪd ðət ʃɑks ju. jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ɪt ɪz ðə bɛst ənd moʊst əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈʤækɪt əv fɪn. ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. oʊ maɪ gɑʃ. aɪ doʊnt ˈjuʒəwəli ˌrivˈju ˈprɑdəkts bət aɪ kʊd nɑt rɪˈzɪst fər ðɪs ˈaɪtəm. soʊ ðɪs ˈʤækɪt ʤɪst əraɪvd (wɪˈθɪn ə wik!!!) ɪn taɪm fər ðə ˈhɑləˌdeɪz. aɪ ˈpərʧəst ɪt ɛz ə gɪft fər maɪ ˈbrəðər. nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz ðə məˈtɪriəl sɔft, ˈkəmfərtəbəl, ənd wɔrm, bət ɪt simz ˈvɛri ˈdʊrəbəl ənd haɪ kˈwɑləti. aɪ æm ˈjuʒəwəli ˈskɛptɪkəl əˈbaʊt ˈɔrdərɪŋ ˈɔnˌlaɪn, bət ðɪs ˈgæmbəl wɑz wərθ ˈɛvəri ˈpɛni. ɪf ðɪs ˈʤækɪt fɪt mi, maɪ ˈbrəðər wʊd bi ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls fər ˈkrɪsməs. aɪ wʊd hæv kɛpt ɪt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf! ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ˈwəndərfəl ˈprɑdəkt ənd ɪt ˈivɪn kəmz wɪθ ə ˈgɑrmənt bæg fər ˈizi ˈstɔrɪʤ ənd ˈræpɪŋ. wʊd ˈɔrdər ɪt əˈgɛn tɛn taɪmz ˈoʊvər. tru tɪ saɪz, tru tɪ dɪˈskrɪpʃən. jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. gʊd ˈʤækɪt. ˈprɑbəˌbli bɛst ˈɔpʃən fər ðə ˈməni gʊd kˈwɑləti ˈlɛðər ˈʤækɪt. ðə beɪʒ ˈkələr ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl laɪt bət aɪ ˈwɛðərɪŋ ɪt ɪt simz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈdɑrkər ənd mɔr ˈmuvi ˈækjərət. aɪ ərˈɪʤənəli gɑt ðə dɪˈstrɛst braʊn wɪʧ stɑrts aʊt weɪ tu dɑrk, soʊ aɪ ˈfɪgjər ðɪs ɪz ðə weɪ tɪ goʊ ənd glæd aɪ dɪd. ɪt fɪts ə ˈlɪtəl bɪg ɪn ðə ˈʃoʊldərz ənd ə ˈlɪtəl lɔŋ ɪn ðə slivz ənd ə ˈlɪtəl ˈʃɔrtər ɪn lɛŋθ ðən ðə ˈmuvi. əm 150 ənd ðə ˈmidiəm ɪz gʊd ɔn mi. lɑrʤ wʊd bi tu bɪg ənd smɔl wʊd bi tu smɔl... ˈɔlsoʊ ʃɪps ˈsupər fæst, gɑt maɪn wɪˈθɪn 6 deɪz aɪ θɪŋk! aɪ gɑt səm frəm ˈbɑrtən ənd ˈbɪʃəp ɔn tɪ meɪk ɪt mɔr ˈmuvi ˈækjərət tu ənd naʊ ɪt lʊks ˈɔsəm! nɑt ə 5 stɑr əv ðə ˈʃoʊldər fɪt ənd sliv lɛŋθ, bət ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈvɛri ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd wɪθ ðɪs ˈʤækɪt! aɪ wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd! jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. aɪv gɑt ə gʊd ˈfilɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈæftər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə fju fɪn ˈʤækɪts ɔn hir rɪˈpitɪdli aɪ ˈɛndɪd əp goʊɪŋ fər ðɪs wən. əraɪvd wɪˈθɪn ə wik. fɪts greɪt, filz gʊd kˈwɑləti ənd nis sɔft ˈlɛðər. dɪˈteɪlɪŋ ɪz greɪt ənd ˈivɪn həz səm lups bɪˈloʊ ðə lɛft hænd ˈpɑkət wɪʧ ˈɑrənt tu ˈɑbviəs. ðə 3 ˈɪnər ˈpɑkəts ər ˈdisənt saɪz wɪθ wən əv ðɛm ʤɪst raɪt fər ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn 6 wɪʧ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ tru əv ðə brɛst ˈpɑkət. ləv ðɪs ˈʤækɪt ənd ˈoʊnli wɪʃ ˈwɛðər wɑz ˈkulər soʊ aɪ kʊd wɛr ɪt mɔr. əm 190 paʊndz ənd 43 ʧɛst ənd ðə lɑrʤ ɪz ʤɪst raɪt. ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ðə slivz kʊd du wɪθ biɪŋ 1 tɪ 2 ˈʃɔrtər bət ðət ɪz nɑt bɪg ˈprɑbləm. jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. greɪt kˈwɑləti, ˈɛksələnt ˈkəstəmər ˈsərvɪs mɪˈsteɪkənli ˈɔrdərd ðɪs ˈʤækɪt ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə dɪˈstrɛst braʊn ˈʤækɪt wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ə ˈzɪpər. əm ˈkərəntli ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ɪt fər ðət wən, bət aɪ məst seɪ ðət aɪ wɑz stɪl ˌɪmˈprɛst wɪθ ðə kˈwɑləti əv ðə ˈʤækɪt. aɪ dɪd traɪ ɪt ɔn tɪ ʧɛk ɪf maɪ ˈsaɪzɪŋ wɑz ˈækjərət, aɪ ə lɑrʤ ənd ɪt wɑz ə bɪt snəg ɔn mi soʊ aɪ meɪd ʃʊr tɪ goʊ wɪθ ðə ɔn maɪ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ. əm ənd əˈbaʊt 220 paʊnz. ðə ˈkəstəmər ˈsərvɪs tim hir ɪz ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ, ˈhaɪli rɪˈspɑnsɪv ənd dɪz ə greɪt ʤɑb əv ˈlɛtɪŋ mi noʊ wət ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈprɔˌsɛs. aɪl ˈdɛfənətli bi ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪŋ ðɪs ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ ˈəðərz! jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. gʊd əˈpɪnjən frəm fræns ˈsɑri fər maɪ ˈɪŋlɪʃ, əm ə frɛnʧ baɪər. aɪ hæv tɪ seɪ ðət aɪ wɑz ˈvɛri səˈpraɪzd əv ðə kˈwɑləti əv ðɪs ˈʤækɪt, ðət ɪz ˈrɪli ˈrɪli gʊd, fər ˈoʊnli 169 ənd ðət ɪz ril ˈlɛðər. aɪ faʊnd noʊ dɪˈfɔlts. aɪ rɪˈsivd ɪt 6 deɪz ˈæftər aɪ ˈɔrdərd ɪt. ðət ɪz ðə ɪgˈzækt ˈmɑdəl əv ðə fɪlm. aɪ ðə fɪn beɪʒ ˈlɛðər ˈʤækɪt, bɪˈkəz ɪt lʊks "frɛʃ" ənd nɑt soʊ "taɪərd" ðət əˈnəðər ˈmɑdəl əv ˈʤækɪt, (poʊ dɑmɛˈrɔn fɪn braʊn wækst ˈʤækɪt) soʊ aɪ kən wɛr ɪt ˈfrikwɛntli. ʤɪst wən θɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmɛʒər, aɪ ˈjuʒəwəli wɛr kloʊðz ɪn fræns, maɪ ʧɛst ˈmɛʒər ɪz 109 cm*, soʊ aɪ ðə ɛl ˈmɑdəl, ənd aɪ hæv tɪ seɪ ɪt ɪz nɑt tu smɔl. pərˈhæps ə ˈlɪtəl ˈlɪtəl bɪt lɑrʤ, bət, ˈoʊnli ɪf aɪ wɛr ə smɔl ˈtiˌsərt ˈəndər. ɪf aɪ ʧeɪnʤ ənd ʧuz ðə ɛm ˈmɑdəl, ðə ɑrmz wɪl bi tu ʃɔrts. ɪf aɪ wɛr ə ʃərt ˈəndər, ɪts ˈpərˌfɪkt. soʊ ju meɪd mi ˈvɛri ˈhæpi. θæŋk ju. jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ɪts ˈkɔlɪŋ tɪ lɛt ɪt ɪn. aʊt əv ɔl ðə ˈmɛni stɑr wɔrz ˈrɛplɪkəz aɪ oʊn, ðɪs ɪz wɪˈθaʊt ə daʊt ðə wən əv ðə haɪəst ˈkæləbər. nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz ɪt well-crafted*, bət ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ laɪt, ˈkəmfərtəbəl, ənd həz ðə ˈkɛrɪktər kˈwɑləti ðət ju nid tɪ bi ə pɑrt əv ðə stɑr wɔrz ˈjunəˌvərs. ɪt ɪz greɪt tɪ wɛr əraʊnd ðə haʊs ər fər ˌhæləˈwin. ju kən ˈivɪn bɪˈkəm "ðət gaɪ" ðət wɛrz ə stɑr wɔrz ˈʤækɪt ɪn ˈpəblɪk wɪθ ðɪs wən (ɪt ɪz ðət kul!). naʊ ɔl aɪ nid ɪz ə starfighter*, ənd aɪd bi sɛt fər laɪf. jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. greɪt kˈwɑləti, kwɪk dɪˈlɪvəri ðə ˈʤækɪt ɪz nɪr aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ðə ˈækʧəwəl θɪŋ, haɪ kˈwɑləti məˈtɪriəlz ənd filz ˈstərdi. dɪˈlɪvəri wɑz greɪt, wɛnt wɪθ ðə ˈʧipəst dɪˈlɪvəri ˈɔpʃən ənd ɪt əraɪvd tɪ mi ɪn ðə ɪn 5 deɪz. ðə ˈʤækɪt fɪts wɛl ɪn ðə ʧɛst ənd ɪz ə gʊd lɛŋθ, ˈoʊnli ˈprɑbləm aɪ hæv ɪz ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri taɪt ɔn ðə ˈəpər ɑrmz əraʊnd ðə ˈɛriə jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. oh.my.god*. ˈsɪriəsli, ju hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə haʊ ˈhæpi ju meɪd mi. aɪ gɑt ðɪs ˈʤækɪt fər maɪ fiˈænsi ɛz ə ˈwɛdɪŋ gɪft tɪ ɪm ənd aɪ swɛr, ɪt ɪz bɪɔnd ˈgɔrʤəs! ɪt ɪz wərθ ˈɛvəri ˈpɛni ənd ðə ˈlɛðər ɪz ˈsɪriəsli sɔft ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈkələr ɪz sˈlaɪtli ˈlaɪtər ðən ɪn ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz bət ɪt ɪz stɪl ˈvɛri ˈgɔrʤəs. naʊ, ɪt wʊd bi soʊ greɪt ɪf ju kʊd tɛl mi haʊ tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðɪs ˈʤækɪt bɪˈkəz aɪ æm ɔl ðə weɪ ɪn kˈwɑlə ˌləmˈpʊr, məˈleɪʒə wɪθ ˈskɔrʧɪŋ ˈtrɑpɪkəl ˈwɛðər. ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri ˈjumɪd hir ənd ɪt kən goʊ əp tɪ 38 dɪˈgriz ɔn ə ˈnɔrməl deɪ. wət ɪz ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ kɛr fər ðɪs ˈʤækɪt? aɪ wʊd heɪt ɪt ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wər tɪ ˈhæpən tɪ ɪt. ˌɔˈlraɪt ðɛn, θæŋks soʊ məʧ gaɪz fər ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈʤækɪt ənd sʊˈpərb ˈsərvɪs. bi ʃʊr tɪ hir frəm mi əˈgɛn sun. aɪ wʊd ˈʃʊrli kəm bæk fər mɔr jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. greɪt kˈwɑləti ənd ˈɛksələnt ˈsərvɪs. ðə ˈʤækɪt ɪz əv ˈrɪli greɪt kˈwɑləti ənd ɪz ˈvɛri ˈkəmfərtəbəl tɪ wɛr. ðə dɪˈlɪvəri həz bɪn ˈlaɪtnɪŋ fæst ənd ðə səˈpɔrt tim həz bɪn əv greɪt hɛlp rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈsaɪzɪŋ ənd soʊ ɔn. ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ju wɪl nɑt rɪˈgrɛt ɪt. jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. kænt kəmˈpleɪn ɪkˈsɛpt ðət ɪts ˈteɪlərd ə ˈlɪtəl waɪd əm goʊɪŋ tɪ fərst seɪ ðə kˈwɑləti ɪz ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ənd ɪz ə sɔft ˈlɛðər, lʊks fænˈtæstɪk ʤɪst laɪk ðə ˈmuvi. wɪʃ ðə bæk ˈəpər ˈʃoʊldər ˈɛriə hæd ðə ˈvərtɪkəl ˈstɪʧɪŋ laɪk ðə əˈθɛnɪk ənd ðə bæk əv ðə ˈkɑlər wɪθ ðə ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ˈstɪʧɪŋ (ˈmeɪbi ðɛl æd ɪt ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər bət əˈsaɪd frəm ðət ðɪs ˈʤækɪt kəmz ɛz kloʊz ɛz ɪt kʊd. ju kʊd bi nɪt ˈpɪki ənd æsk fər ðə lus stræps ɔn ðə ˈbɑtəm lɛft əv ðə frənt əv ðə ˈʤækɪt bət ðɛr ər stræps ðɛr, ʤɪst nɑt lus. soʊ wəns əˈgɛn ðɪs ɪz ə ˈreɪvɪŋ ˌrivˈju ɪts kwaɪt ə ˈbjutəfəl ˈʤækɪt. hir ɪz maɪ wən ləˈʤɪtəmət kəmˈpleɪnt, aɪ æm ˈvɛri ˈæktɪv wɪθ ə ˈməskjələr bɪld aɪ weɪ 175 aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz wɛr ə ˈmidiəm ɪn maɪ ˈkloʊðɪŋ ənd wɑz ˈskɛptɪkəl ɪf fər ə ˈʤækɪt aɪ ʃʊd bi ˈɔrdərɪŋ ə lɑrʤ ər ˈmidiəm bət ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ goʊ ˈmidiəm siɪŋ ɪts tɪ bi ə ˈfɪtɪd ˈʤækɪt ˌɪnˈstɛd əv laɪk ə ˈwɪntər wən. aɪ ʃʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli hæv gɔn wɪθ ə smɔl, ðə ɑrmz fɪt mi ˈprɪti snəg bət ðə ˈɑrmˌpɪts daʊn tɪ ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə ˈʤækɪt wər meɪd ˈrəðər lɑrʤ, ˈbɑksi kʊd bi ðə bɛst dɪˈskrɪpʃən. ˈɑbviəsli aɪ kænt ɪkˈspɛkt ə ˈteɪlərd lʊk bɪˈkəz ðeɪ doʊnt noʊ ɪf ɪts ˈsəmˌwən fɪt ər waɪd soʊ ɪts təf tɪ kəmˈpleɪn bət aɪ θɔt ə ˈmidiəm wʊd fɪt sˈlɪmər. ˈʃoʊldərz wər ə ˈlɪtəl waɪd tu laɪk ə sut ˈʤækɪt ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈraʊndɪd ənd rɪˈlækst tɪ ðə ˈbɑdi. ˈmeɪbi aɪ ʤɪst nid tɪ breɪk ɪt ɪn səm, əm ˈraɪtɪŋ ðɪs ɛz əv ðə deɪ ðət ɪt əraɪvd. ˈʃɪpɪŋ tʊk əˈbaʊt 3 wiks frəm ˈɔrdər deɪ, bət rɛst əˈʃʊrd ˈpipəl aɪ æm frəm ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ənd lɪv ɪn ðə steɪts. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə feɪk saɪt ənd ju wɪl rɪˈsiv jʊr ˈprɑdəkt wɪθ ə smaɪl ɔn jʊr feɪs. maɪ ˈoʊnli ədˈvaɪs ɪz ðət ɪf ju θɪŋk ˈmeɪbi aɪ ʃʊd gɪt ə smɔl ðɛn ju ˈprɑbəˌbli ʃʊd, wət ðə smɔl fɪts laɪk bət aɪ ʃʊr wɪʃ aɪ kʊd hæv traɪd ðɛm ɔn ˌbiˈfɔr ˈpərʧəsɪŋ bɪˈkəz aɪ meɪ hæv gɔn wɪθ ɪt. aɪ daʊt aɪ kən ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛri ˈwɛri bət ˈsupər ˈhæpi wɪθ ˈpərʧəs aɪ wɑz ˈvɛri ˈwɛri əv ˈɔrdərɪŋ ə ˈʤækɪt, ˈhoʊpɪŋ ðə ˈʤækɪt wʊd lʊk ənd fɪt ɛz ˌædvərˈtaɪzd ənd nɑt tɪ gɪt rɪpt ɔf. maɪ kənˈsərnz wər fər nɔt, ɛz ðə ˈʤækɪt əraɪvd ˈfɪtɪŋ wɛl ənd ˈlʊkɪŋ ʤɪst laɪk ðə ˈprɑdəkt ˈpɪkʧərz. ðɪs ɪz ə trɪˈmɛndəs ˈʤækɪt, ənd ˈʃɪpɪŋ wɑz prɑmpt. aɪ θɪŋk aɪ hæd ðə ˈʤækɪt wɪˈθɪn 2 wiks əv ˈɔrdərɪŋ ənd dɪˈskəsɪŋ ðə fɪt wɪθ ˈkəstəmər ˈsərvɪs. aɪ wɪl ˈɔrdər əˈgɛn ənd aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ə ˈvɛri ˈplɛzənt səˈpraɪz aɪ wɑz ˈvɛri ˈskɛptɪkəl wɪn aɪ fərst ˈɔrdərd ðɪs ˈʤækɪt bət əm ə juʤ fæn əv stɑr wɔrz ənd aɪ hæd tɪ teɪk ə ʧæns. wɛl ðət ʧæns peɪd ɔf. ðɪs ˈʤækɪt ɪz əˈmeɪzɪŋ. ɪt ˈrɪli ɪz ril ˈlɛðər, ɪt fɪts laɪk ə gləv. aɪ doʊnt noʊ wət ɛls tɪ seɪ. ðə ˈʃɪpɪŋ tʊk ə ˈlɪtəl ˈlɔŋgər ðən aɪ ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd, bət aɪ pleɪst maɪ ˈɔrdər əraʊnd ˈkrɪsməs. wɪn aɪ dɪd ˈkɑnˌtækt ðɛr ˈkəstəmər səˈpɔrt ðeɪ rɪˈspɑndɪd ˈvɛri kˈwɪkli ənd əˈʃʊrd mi ɪt wʊd ʃɪp ɛz sun ɛz ɪt wɑz dən biɪŋ ˈprɑsɛst. ɪf jʊr ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs ˌrivˈju, doʊnt baɪ ðɪs ˈʤækɪt frəm ˈɛniˌwɛr ɛls. ðɪs ɪz ðə bɛst ʧɔɪs. ðɪs ˈʤækɪt ɪz əˈmeɪzɪŋ ənd aɪ ˈkʊdənt bi ˈhæpiər wɪθ maɪ ˈpərʧəs. aɪl ˈdɛfənətli baɪ frəm ðiz gaɪz əˈgɛn. kip əp ðə gʊd wərk! jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. bɛst ˌriprəˈdəkʃən aʊt ðɛr aɪ ˈɔrdərd ðɪs ˈʤækɪt waɪl ðeɪ wər sˈwɪʧɪŋ frəm ðə braʊn ənd braɪt rɛd ˈʃoʊldərz, tɪ ðə ˈwɛðərd beɪʒ wɪθ ˈdɑrkənd rɛd ˈʃoʊldərz. ðeɪ geɪv mi ən ˈɔpʃən əv ˈʧuzɪŋ, tɪ meɪk ʃʊr aɪ rɪˈsivd ðə ˈaɪtəm aɪ ˈwɔntɪd. siɪŋ ðət ðə beɪʒ wɑz ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə ˈmuvi, aɪ ˈɔrdərd ðət wən. ðɛr ər ə fju ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ðɪs ənd ðə ril ɔn bət ðə meɪn ˈkələr ənd ˈditeɪlz əv ðə ˈʤækɪt ər ˈækjərət, ənd lʊks məʧ ˈbɛtər ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər aʊt ðɛr. aɪ æm ənd 200 paʊndz, ənd ðə lɑrʤ fɪts ʤɪst ðə ˈtaɪniəst bɪt ˈlɑrʤər ðən ˈɑptɪməl, bət ɪz laɪt ənd ˈkəmfərtəbəl. kænt weɪt fər ðə ˈwɛðər tɪ wɔrm əp ənd gɪv ðɪs ˈʤækɪt ə ril ˈwɛðərd lʊk. jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. kˈwɑləti ˈprɑdəkt! aɪ ˈɔrdərd ðɪs fər maɪ sən fər ə səˈpraɪz fər hɪz ˈbərθˌdeɪ. hi ɪz ə juʤ stɑr wɔrz fæn ənd hæd ʃoʊn ɪt tɪ mi ˌbiˈfɔr. wɪn hi ˈoʊpənd hɪz gɪft ənd sɔ ɪt hi wɑz ɪn ʃɑk! ɪt ɪz soʊ wɛl meɪd ənd fɪts ˈpərfəktli ənd ˈdɪdənt θɪŋk aɪ hæd ˈgɔtən ɪt fər ɪm. ðɪs ˈʤækɪt ɪz ˈgɔrʤəs ənd ðə ˈkəstəmər ˈsərvɪs ɪz əˈmeɪzɪŋ! ɪt əraɪvd kˈwɪkər ðən ɪkˈspɛktɪd. aɪ ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈkəmpəˌni ənd ˈʤækɪt fər ˈɛni stɑr wɔrz fæn. jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. aɪ ləv ðɪs ˈʤækɪt soʊ məʧ tɪ ˈɛni ˈkəstəmər ðət ɪz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ðɪs ˈʤækɪt aɪ æm ə ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈhæpi hæv ˈɔrdərd ˈməltəpəl ˈʤækɪts frəm ðɪs ˈkəmpəˌni ˌbiˈfɔr ðɪs wən ənd hæv ˈnɛvər hæd ə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ˈʃɪpɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpt ðɪs læst taɪm bət ðət ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˈmɪsˌhæp ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈɛndɪd əp ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ maɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt tɪ wɛr aɪ ˈɛndɪd əp ɪkˈstrimli ˈhæpən wɪθ ðə ˈprɑdəkt ɪn ðə lɔŋ rən. ɪf ju ˈɔrdər ðɪs ˈʤækɪt, ɪt wɪl teɪk ə wik ˈmeɪbi lɛs tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli riʧ jʊr ˈdɔrˌstɛp wəns ju gɪt ðə ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən iˈmeɪl ðət jʊr ˈɔrdər wɑz ʃɪpt. maɪ ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ɪkˈspɪriəns ðeɪ juz ˈfɛˈdɛks ənd ðə ˈpækɪʤ kəmz ɪn ə ˈvɛri prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈpækɪʤ. ðə kˈwɑləti əv ðə ˈʤækɪt ɪz ˈvɛri prəˈfɛʃənəli wɛl dən. aɪ wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt ˈhɛviər ˈlɛðər ˈɔlˌmoʊst laɪk ˈkæməl ˈlɛðər wɪʧ ɪz wət fɪn wɔr ɪn ðə ˈmuvi bət ɪts ˈrɪli faɪn laɪt ril ˈlɛðər. maɪ ˈʤækɪt ɪz ə dɪˈstrɛst braʊn ˈkələr, nɑt ðə ænˈtik beɪʒ ˈkələr. aɪ gɑt ðət ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈʤækɪt bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈwɔntɪd ˈzɪpərz ənd ðə ˈʤækɪt tɪ ˈfəŋkʃən, ənd ɪt wərks aʊt ˈpərfəktli. aɪ doʊnt ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ðɛr ˈɑrənt ˈzɪpərz ɪn ðə ˈmuvi ˈʤækɪts (əˈpɛrəntli ɪn ə ˈgæləksi fɑr fɑr əˈweɪ ə lɔŋ taɪm əˈgoʊ ˈzɪpərz ˈdɪdənt ɪgˈzɪst lɔl). ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ aɪ ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli rɪkˈwɛstɪd wɑz wərkt ɔn ənd maɪ ˈʤækɪt tərnd aʊt ˈpərˌfɪkt. aɪ æm ˈrɪli glæd aɪ tʊk ðə ˈɛkstrə taɪm fər ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈʤækɪt dɪˈzaɪn bɪˈkəz ˈrɪli dɪˈlɪvərd ə kˈwɑləti ˈprɑdəkt. aɪ wɪl ˈɔrdər mɔr ˈʤækɪts frəm ðɛm ðeɪ ər ðə bɛst ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən tɪ ˈɔrdər jʊr fɪlm ˈrɛplɪkə ˈʤækɪts frəm. ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ doʊnt hæv ðə ˈʤækɪt dɪˈzaɪn ju wɔnt frəm jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈmuvi, ðeɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ˈkɑnstənt kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən wɪˈθɪn ə deɪ əv jʊr iˈmeɪl. wɪʧ ɪz əˈnəðər ˈæˌspɛkt əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈkəmpəˌni aɪ ləv ənd wət kips mi ˈkəmɪŋ bæk. jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. 5 stɑr fər ʃʊr greɪt ˈʤækɪt... gʊd ˈkəstəmər ˈsərvɪs 5 stɑr fər ʃʊr...:) jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. hoʊp hi laɪks ɪt ənd hoʊp ɪt wərks ðə ˈʤækɪt lʊks ˈrɪli gʊd bət aɪ baɪ ɪt fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪft ɪt tɪ maɪ broʊ, huz rum ɪz fɪld əp wɪθ kəˈlɛktəbəlz. aɪ ʃoʊd ɪm ðə ˈʤækɪt ənd hi laɪkt ɪt bət hi hæv ðə ˈməni tɪ baɪ ɪt soʊ hi fɛlt daʊn. biɪŋ ðə ˈɔsəm ˈsɪblɪŋ, aɪ plæn tɪ baɪ ɪt fər ɪm. aɪ hæd fʊl ˈkɑnfədɛns ðət ðɪs wɪl ˈdɛfənətli wərk. ˈθæŋkfəl ðət ju gaɪz meɪd ðə dɪˈlɪvəri ˈprɔˌsɛs kˈwɪkər soʊ ðət ɪt əraɪvd ɔn taɪm ənd aɪ kən gɪft ɪt tɪ ɪm. ju gaɪz ər ðə bɛst! jɛs, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt. ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpərʧəs. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt.

america may be one of the richest countries in the world, but its people are less healthy and more likely to die early from disease or accidents than those in any other affluent country, a damning official us report has found. even the americans those who have health insurance, a college education, a high income and healthy behaviour are sicker than their peers in comparable countries, says the report by the us national research council and the institute of medicine. "we were struck by the gravity of these findings," said steven h woolf, professor of family medicine at virginia commonwealth university in richmond and chair of the panel that wrote the report. "americans are dying and suffering at rates that we know are unnecessary because people in other countries are living longer lives and enjoying better health. what really concerns our panel is why, for decades, we have been slipping behind." the report, us health in international perspective: shorter lives, poorer health, was commissioned by the national institutes of health. it compares the us with 16 affluent democracies, including australia, canada and japan and many in europe including britain. there have been similar findings from the commonwealth fund over some years, but they have compared the us with only a handful of nations. the new report looked in detail at data from the late to 2008. "over this time period, we uncovered a strikingly consistent and pervasive pattern of higher mortality and inferior health in the united states, beginning at birth," it said. for many years, americans have had a shorter life expectancy than people in almost all the comparator countries and for the past three decades the gap has been widening, particularly for women. the us does badly in nine specific areas. it has the highest infant mortality rate of any wealthy country and also does poorly on other birth outcomes, such as low weight babies. deaths from injuries and homicides are far higher than elsewhere and a leading cause of death in children, adolescents and young adults. us adolescents have had the highest rate of pregnancies of affluent countries since the and are more likely to acquire sexually transmitted infections. the us has the second highest rate and the highest incidence of aids among the 17 countries. even taking out drunk driving, americans lose more years of life to alcohol and other drugs than people in other affluent countries. the us has the highest obesity rate and, from age 20, one of the highest levels of type 2 diabetes. the death rate from heart disease is the second highest in the 17 countries. there is more lung disease and more deaths from it than in europe and older people report more arthritis and other limitations on their activity than in europe or japan. the us is, however, good at looking after the health of the most elderly. people who reach 75 are more likely to live longer, have lower death rates from stroke and cancer, blood pressure and cholesterol levels and lower rates of smoking than elsewhere. but death and disease take a huge toll on the younger american population, even though the us spends more on healthcare per capita than almost any other country in the world. poverty, inequality, racial and ethnic differences and lack of health insurance are part of the story but not all. even white people with money and insurance who are not smokers or obese do less well than those in other countries. unless action is taken, the report says, the health of americans will probably continue to fall behind. "the tragedy is not that the united states is losing a contest with other countries but that americans are dying and suffering from illness and injury at rates that are demonstrably unnecessary. superior health outcomes in other nations show that americans also can enjoy better health," says the report. the us public is unaware of the issues, says the report. "i don't think most parents know, on average, infants, children, and adolescents in the us die younger and have greater rates of illness and injury than youth in other countries," said woolf. the report says the situation will not improve unless americans wake up to the truth about their health and a public debate begins.

əˈmɛrɪkə meɪ bi wən əv ðə ˈrɪʧəst ˈkəntriz ɪn ðə wərld, bət ɪts ˈpipəl ər lɛs ˈhɛlθi ənd mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ daɪ ˈərli frəm dɪˈziz ər ˈæksədənts ðən ðoʊz ɪn ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈæfluənt ˈkəntri, ə ˈdæmɪŋ əˈfɪʃəl ˈjuˈɛs rɪˈpɔrt həz faʊnd. ˈivɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkənz ðoʊz hu hæv hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns, ə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ə haɪ ˈɪnˌkəm ənd ˈhɛlθi bɪˈheɪvjər ər ˈsɪkər ðən ðɛr pɪrz ɪn ˈkɑmprəbəl ˈkəntriz, sɪz ðə rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈnæʃənəl ˈrisərʧ ˈkaʊnsəl ənd ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ˈmɛdəsən. "wi wər strək baɪ ðə ˈgrævɪti əv ðiz ˈfaɪndɪŋz," sɛd ˈstivən eɪʧ wʊlf, prəˈfɛsər əv ˈfæməli ˈmɛdəsən æt vərˈʤɪnjə ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˈrɪʧmənd ənd ʧɛr əv ðə ˈpænəl ðət roʊt ðə rɪˈpɔrt. "əˈmɛrɪkənz ər daɪɪŋ ənd ˈsəfərɪŋ æt reɪts ðət wi noʊ ər ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri bɪˈkəz ˈpipəl ɪn ˈəðər ˈkəntriz ər ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈlɔŋgər lɪvz ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ ˈbɛtər hɛlθ. wət ˈrɪli kənˈsərnz ɑr ˈpænəl ɪz waɪ, fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, wi hæv bɪn sˈlɪpɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd." ðə rɪˈpɔrt, ˈjuˈɛs hɛlθ ɪn ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl pərˈspɛktɪv: ˈʃɔrtər lɪvz, ˈpurər hɛlθ, wɑz kəˈmɪʃənd baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪnstɪˌtuts əv hɛlθ. ɪt kəmˈpɛrz ðə ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ 16 ˈæfluənt dɪˈmɑkrəsiz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈkænədə ənd ʤəˈpæn ənd ˈmɛni ɪn ˈjʊrəp ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈbrɪtən. ðɛr hæv bɪn ˈsɪmələr ˈfaɪndɪŋz frəm ðə ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ fənd ˈoʊvər səm jɪrz, bət ðeɪ hæv kəmˈpɛrd ðə ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ ˈoʊnli ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈneɪʃənz. ðə nu rɪˈpɔrt lʊkt ɪn ˈditeɪl æt ˈdætə frəm ðə leɪt tɪ 2008 "ˈoʊvər ðɪs taɪm ˈpɪriəd, wi ənˈkəvərd ə ˈstraɪkɪŋli kənˈsɪstənt ənd pərˈveɪsɪv ˈpætərn əv haɪər mɔrˈtæləti ənd ˌɪnˈfɪriər hɛlθ ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, bɪˈgɪnɪŋ æt bərθ," ɪt sɛd. fər ˈmɛni jɪrz, əˈmɛrɪkənz hæv hæd ə ˈʃɔrtər laɪf ɪkˈspɛktənsi ðən ˈpipəl ɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl ðə kəmˈpærəˌtər ˈkəntriz ənd fər ðə pæst θri ˈdɛkeɪdz ðə gæp həz bɪn ˈwaɪdənɪŋ, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli fər ˈwɪmən. ðə ˈjuˈɛs dɪz ˈbædli ɪn naɪn spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɛriəz. ɪt həz ðə haɪəst ˈɪnfənt mɔrˈtæləti reɪt əv ˈɛni ˈwɛlθi ˈkəntri ənd ˈɔlsoʊ dɪz ˈpurli ɔn ˈəðər bərθ ˈaʊtˌkəmz, səʧ ɛz loʊ weɪt ˈbeɪbiz. dɛθs frəm ˈɪnʤəriz ənd ˈhɑməˌsaɪdz ər fɑr haɪər ðən ˈɛlsˌwɛr ənd ə ˈlidɪŋ kɔz əv dɛθ ɪn ˈʧɪldrən, ˌædəˈlɛsənts ənd jəŋ ˈædəlts. ˈjuˈɛs ˌædəˈlɛsənts hæv hæd ðə haɪəst reɪt əv ˈprɛgnənsiz əv ˈæfluənt ˈkəntriz sɪns ðə ənd ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ əkˈwaɪər ˈsɛkʃuəli trænzˈmɪtəd ˌɪnˈfɛkʃənz. ðə ˈjuˈɛs həz ðə ˈsɛkənd haɪəst reɪt ənd ðə haɪəst ˈɪnsɪdəns əv eɪdz əˈməŋ ðə 17 ˈkəntriz. ˈivɪn ˈteɪkɪŋ aʊt drəŋk ˈdraɪvɪŋ, əˈmɛrɪkənz luz mɔr jɪrz əv laɪf tɪ ˈælkəˌhɑl ənd ˈəðər drəgz ðən ˈpipəl ɪn ˈəðər ˈæfluənt ˈkəntriz. ðə ˈjuˈɛs həz ðə haɪəst əˈbisəti reɪt ənd, frəm eɪʤ 20 wən əv ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəlz əv taɪp 2 ˌdaɪəˈbitiz. ðə dɛθ reɪt frəm hɑrt dɪˈziz ɪz ðə ˈsɛkənd haɪəst ɪn ðə 17 ˈkəntriz. ðɛr ɪz mɔr ləŋ dɪˈziz ənd mɔr dɛθs frəm ɪt ðən ɪn ˈjʊrəp ənd ˈoʊldər ˈpipəl rɪˈpɔrt mɔr ɑrθˈraɪtɪs ənd ˈəðər ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz ɔn ðɛr ækˈtɪvɪti ðən ɪn ˈjʊrəp ər ʤəˈpæn. ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, gʊd æt ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈæftər ðə hɛlθ əv ðə moʊst ˈɛldərli. ˈpipəl hu riʧ 75 ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ lɪv ˈlɔŋgər, hæv loʊər dɛθ reɪts frəm stroʊk ənd ˈkænsər, bləd ˈprɛʃər ənd kəˈlɛstərˌɔl ˈlɛvəlz ənd loʊər reɪts əv sˈmoʊkɪŋ ðən ˈɛlsˌwɛr. bət dɛθ ənd dɪˈziz teɪk ə juʤ toʊl ɔn ðə ˈjəŋgər əˈmɛrɪkən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˈjuˈɛs spɛnz mɔr ɔn ˈhɛlθˌkɛr pər ˈkæpɪtə ðən ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈkəntri ɪn ðə wərld. ˈpɑvərti, ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti, ˈreɪʃəl ənd ˈɛθnɪk ˈdɪfərənsɪz ənd læk əv hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ər pɑrt əv ðə ˈstɔri bət nɑt ɔl. ˈivɪn waɪt ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈməni ənd ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns hu ər nɑt sˈmoʊkərz ər əˈbis du lɛs wɛl ðən ðoʊz ɪn ˈəðər ˈkəntriz. ənˈlɛs ˈækʃən ɪz ˈteɪkən, ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɪz, ðə hɛlθ əv əˈmɛrɪkənz wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli kənˈtɪnju tɪ fɔl bɪˈhaɪnd. "ðə ˈtræʤədi ɪz nɑt ðət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz ˈluzɪŋ ə ˈkɑntɛst wɪθ ˈəðər ˈkəntriz bət ðət əˈmɛrɪkənz ər daɪɪŋ ənd ˈsəfərɪŋ frəm ˈɪlnəs ənd ˈɪnʤəri æt reɪts ðət ər dɪˈmɑnstrəbli ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri. suˈpɪriər hɛlθ ˈaʊtˌkəmz ɪn ˈəðər ˈneɪʃənz ʃoʊ ðət əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈɔlsoʊ kən ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˈbɛtər hɛlθ," sɪz ðə rɪˈpɔrt. ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈpəblɪk ɪz ˌənəˈwɛr əv ðə ˈɪʃuz, sɪz ðə rɪˈpɔrt. "aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk moʊst ˈpɛrənts noʊ, ɔn ˈævərɪʤ, ˈɪnfənts, ˈʧɪldrən, ənd ˌædəˈlɛsənts ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs daɪ ˈjəŋgər ənd hæv ˈgreɪtər reɪts əv ˈɪlnəs ənd ˈɪnʤəri ðən juθ ɪn ˈəðər ˈkəntriz," sɛd wʊlf. ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɪz ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɪl nɑt ˌɪmˈpruv ənˈlɛs əˈmɛrɪkənz weɪk əp tɪ ðə truθ əˈbaʊt ðɛr hɛlθ ənd ə ˈpəblɪk dəˈbeɪt bɪˈgɪnz.

as the film philomena heads into awards season, draped with nominations for oscars and baftas, you might think nuns are having a bad moment. but then over at team convent, call the midwife is thear of bbc tv's sunday nights with a much more sympathetic crew. both these are versions of realories, and they are just the tip of the iceberg: there are large numbers of nuns in books surely higher than their incidence in the real-life population with nearly all the descriptions coming from women authors, though there are a few good men below. (strangely, i made the same point about in books is it something to do with women and groups?). muriel spark liked her nuns one of the main characters in theime of miss jean brodie ends up as sister helena, and there is a marxist church of england convent in symposium: in one splendid scene the on the figures in a mural are revealed as the fur hats of lenin and friends. the of crewe is wholly set in a convent, but is well known to be a satire on the watergate scandal. and that demonstrates a key feature of convents, fictional or otherwise they are not actually mysterious hotbeds of unknowable religious transcendence or wickedness. they are communities like any other, with secrets, dramas and troublesome elections. and so, ideal as a vehicle for a goodory: any closed community is interesting (see also: country house party, boarding school), there is an opportunity to have goodrong female characters without their being framed by their relationships with men, and there is always the underlying question: "why did these women become nuns?" roman catholic women of a certain age will remember being obsessed as teenagers with kathryn the nun'sory, book and film "is god calling me to be audrey hepburn?" it'sill a goodrong read, and even more fascinating when you know theory behind it. it is a novel, but based on the life of the author's long-term companion, a former nun. one aspect of nuns in books is that the names are confusing and you get your sister mary mixed up with sister maria and apparently the considerableofits from the nun'sory are languishing unclaimed because no one knows which nuns should have inherited them. moreraightforwardly non-fiction are books from karen armstrong (through the narrow gate) and monica baldwin (i leap over the wall so much the better name) dealing with the challenges of leaving the convent behind in, respectively, 1981 and 1949. of course we all like to read about nuns going off the rails: rumer black narcissus is an overwrought and enjoyable look at a convent in the himalayas, and a nun who wants a last chance. there is also the very splendid lambs of god by the australian author day, with its feral nuns including sheep in their community. aldous the devils of (overshadowed now by the 1971 ken russell film) is non-fiction, full of hysterical and demonic sisters in france. the book very much reflects its author's non-believing,ance, though it's a rattling good read, and he does his best to be fair. other men who have bravely written about nuns include the american novelist ron hansen, with his mariette in ecstasy (1991), paralleling theory of therese of lisieux, and mark salzman with lying awake (2000) an extraordinary look at a nun who has visions and writes poetry, but fears both may disappear if she has treatment for epilepsy. these have all been books with the nuns as the direct focus, but there is also a looking at them through the eyes of girls attending convent schools. in edna o'brien's country girl (1960), and baba deliberately get themselves expelled, amid some fairly unsympathetic nuns. antonia white wrote what amounted to a misery memoir in frost in may (1933), a lightly version of her own experiences. (but then it turns out her memories weren't reliable samantha ellis writes about this in her new book on literary heroines.) much more enjoyable is land of spices (1941) by the kate o'brien the title comes from a george herbert poem and shouldn't be taken to imply anything exotic or cosmopolitan in the content (it meansayer) but, the relationship between reverend mother and a child at the convent school is engrossing. and adults get pulled in too: iris murdoch's the bell (1958) is set in a religious community attached to a convent, but the nuns' role is mostly symbolic. there are astonishing numbers of detectiveories with nuns as sleuths or key characters: antonia fraser's 1977 quiet as a nun (convent, boarding school and the estimable jemima shore triple threat)ands out, and the us author jane crime books often feature religious settings to great effect. once youart looking at nuns in history from a modern perspective, there comes a whole new topic was it actually fun being a nun? of course there must have been an unknown percentage of women closed up against their will, but it's rewarding to examine the idea that being a nun wasn't that bad an option in earlier times. in fact, dare we say it, was it the feminist choice? look what they missed: a nun was free from the horrors and dangers of childbirth and the of unwanted marriage. often they could pursue an interest in medicine, horticulture, art or music. they didn't have to wear or attract men this is what fascinates female authors and readers. sarah marvellous sacred hearts published 2009, set in 1570 in italy looks at the idea of different choices for different women. sylvia townsend warner in the corner that held them (published 1948, set in an english convent in norfolk) gives us gossip, politics, particular friendships and details of church music. charlotte brontë daughter of the parsonage is deeply suspicious of roman catholicism in general, and the figure of the nun in villette is quite troublesome. but as isn't a real nun well, perhaps we won't examine the psychology of that too closely. she was certainly reflecting back to gothic fiction and supernatural, creepy religious figures, rather than looking at career opportunities, and she and her heroine lucy snowe take a goodotestant line against nonsense. but brontë is the exception: most authors understand more and condemn less. which other writers created convents worth reading about, and which books make the life sound attractive? please offer up your thoughts

ɛz ðə fɪlm fɪləˈminə hɛdz ˈɪntu əˈwɔrdz ˈsizən, dreɪpt wɪθ ˌnɑməˈneɪʃənz fər ˈɔskərz ənd baftas*, ju maɪt θɪŋk nənz ər ˈhævɪŋ ə bæd ˈmoʊmənt. bət ðɛn ˈoʊvər æt tim ˈkɑnˌvɛnt, kɔl ðə ˈmɪdˌwaɪf ɪz ðə stɑr əv ˌbibiˈsi ˈtiˈviz ˈsənˌdi naɪts wɪθ ə məʧ mɔr ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk kru. boʊθ ðiz ər ˈvərʒənz əv ril ˈstɔriz, ənd ðeɪ ər ʤɪst ðə tɪp əv ðə ˈaɪsbərg: ðɛr ər lɑrʤ ˈnəmbərz əv nənz ɪn bʊks ˈʃʊrli haɪər ðən ðɛr ˈɪnsɪdəns ɪn ðə ˈriˌllaɪf ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən wɪθ ˈnɪrli ɔl ðə dɪˈskrɪpʃənz ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ˈwɪmən ˈɔθərz, ðoʊ ðɛr ər ə fju gʊd mɛn bɪˈloʊ. (ˈstreɪnʤli, aɪ meɪd ðə seɪm pɔɪnt əˈbaʊt ɪn bʊks ɪz ɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˈwɪmən ənd grups?). mˈjʊriəl spɑrk laɪkt hər nənz wən əv ðə meɪn ˈkɛrɪktərz ɪn ðə praɪm əv mɪs ʤin ˈbroʊti ɛndz əp ɛz ˈsɪstər ˈhɛlənə, ənd ðɛr ɪz ə ˈmɑrksɪst ʧərʧ əv ˈɪŋglənd ˈkɑnˌvɛnt ɪn sɪmˈpoʊziəm: ɪn wən ˈsplɛndɪd sin ðə ɔn ðə ˈfɪgjərz ɪn ə mˈjʊrəl ər rɪˈvild ɛz ðə fər hæts əv ˈlɛnɪn ənd frɛndz. ðə əv kru ɪz ˈhoʊli sɛt ɪn ə ˈkɑnˌvɛnt, bət ɪz wɛl noʊn tɪ bi ə ˈsæˌtaɪər ɔn ðə ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt ˈskændəl. ənd ðət ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts ə ki ˈfiʧər əv ˈkɑnˌvɛnts, ˈfɪkʃənəl ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli mɪˈstɪriəs ˈhɑtˌbɛdz əv ənˈnoʊəbəl rɪˈlɪʤəs trænˈsɛndəns ər ˈwɪkədnəs. ðeɪ ər kəmˈjunɪtiz laɪk ˈɛni ˈəðər, wɪθ ˈsikrɪts, ˈdrɑməz ənd ˈtrəbəlsəm ɪˈlɛkʃənz. ənd soʊ, aɪˈdil ɛz ə ˈviɪkəl fər ə gʊd ˈstɔri: ˈɛni kloʊzd kəmˈjunɪti ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ (si ˈɔlsoʊ: ˈkəntri haʊs ˈpɑrti, ˈbɔrdɪŋ skul), ðɛr ɪz ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ hæv gʊd strɔŋ ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkɛrɪktərz wɪˈθaʊt ðɛr biɪŋ freɪmd baɪ ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ mɛn, ənd ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ kˈwɛʃən: "waɪ dɪd ðiz ˈwɪmən bɪˈkəm nənz?" ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪk ˈwɪmən əv ə ˈsərtən eɪʤ wɪl rɪˈmɛmbər biɪŋ əbˈsɛst ɛz ˈtiˌneɪʤərz wɪθ ˈkæθrɪn ðə nənz ˈstɔri, bʊk ənd fɪlm "ɪz gɑd ˈkɔlɪŋ mi tɪ bi ˈɔdri ˈhɛpbərn?" ɪts stɪl ə gʊd strɔŋ rɛd, ənd ˈivɪn mɔr ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ wɪn ju noʊ ðə ˈstɔri bɪˈhaɪnd ɪt. ɪt ɪz ə ˈnɑvəl, bət beɪst ɔn ðə laɪf əv ðə ˈɔθərz ˈlɔŋˈtərm kəmˈpænjən, ə ˈfɔrmər nən. wən ˈæˌspɛkt əv nənz ɪn bʊks ɪz ðət ðə neɪmz ər kənfˈjuzɪŋ ənd ju gɪt jʊr ˈsɪstər ˈmɛri mɪkst əp wɪθ ˈsɪstər mərˈiə ənd əˈpɛrəntli ðə kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈprɑfɪts frəm ðə nənz ˈstɔri ər ˈlæŋgwɪʃɪŋ ənˈkleɪmd bɪˈkəz noʊ wən noʊz wɪʧ nənz ʃʊd hæv ˌɪnˈhɛrətɪd ðɛm. mɔr ˌstreɪtˈfɔrwərdli nɑnˈfɪkʃən ər bʊks frəm ˈkɛrən ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ (θru ðə ˈnɛroʊ geɪt) ənd ˈmɑnɪkə ˈbɔldwən (aɪ lip ˈoʊvər ðə wɔl soʊ məʧ ðə ˈbɛtər neɪm) ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz əv ˈlivɪŋ ðə ˈkɑnˌvɛnt bɪˈhaɪnd ɪn, rɪˈspɛktɪvli, 1981 ənd 1949 əv kɔrs wi ɔl laɪk tɪ rɛd əˈbaʊt nənz goʊɪŋ ɔf ðə reɪlz: ˈrumər blæk nɑrˈsɪsəs ɪz ən ˌoʊvərˈrɔt ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪəbəl lʊk æt ə ˈkɑnˌvɛnt ɪn ðə ˌhɪməˈleɪəs, ənd ə nən hu wɔnts ə læst ʧæns. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈvɛri ˈsplɛndɪd læmz əv gɑd baɪ ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈɔθər deɪ, wɪθ ɪts ˈfɛrəl nənz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ʃip ɪn ðɛr kəmˈjunɪti. ˈɑldəs ðə ˈdɛvəlz əv (ˌoʊvərˈʃædoʊd naʊ baɪ ðə 1971 kɛn ˈrəsəl fɪlm) ɪz nɑnˈfɪkʃən, fʊl əv hɪˈstɛrɪkəl ənd dɪˈmɑnɪk ˈsɪstərz ɪn fræns. ðə bʊk ˈvɛri məʧ rɪˈflɛkts ɪts ˈɔθərz non-believing*, stæns, ðoʊ ɪts ə ˈrætəlɪŋ gʊd rɛd, ənd hi dɪz hɪz bɛst tɪ bi fɛr. ˈəðər mɛn hu hæv ˈbreɪvli ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt nənz ˌɪnˈklud ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈnɑvələst rɑn ˈhænsən, wɪθ hɪz ˌmɛriˈɛt ɪn ˈɛkstəsi 1991 ˈpɛrəˌlɛlɪŋ ðə ˈstɔri əv ˈθɛris əv lisieux*, ənd mɑrk ˈsɔlzmən wɪθ laɪɪŋ əˈweɪk 2000 ən ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri lʊk æt ə nən hu həz ˈvɪʒənz ənd raɪts ˈpoʊətri, bət fɪrz boʊθ meɪ ˌdɪsəˈpɪr ɪf ʃi həz ˈtritmənt fər ˈɛpɪˌlɛpsi. ðiz hæv ɔl bɪn bʊks wɪθ ðə nənz ɛz ðə dɪˈrɛkt ˈfoʊkɪs, bət ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðɛm θru ðə aɪz əv gərlz əˈtɛndɪŋ ˈkɑnˌvɛnt skulz. ɪn ˈɛdnə oʊˈbraɪɪnz ˈkəntri gərl 1960 ənd ˈbəbə dɪˈlɪbərətli gɪt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪkˈspɛld, əˈmɪd səm ˈfɛrli ənˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk nənz. ænˈtoʊniə waɪt roʊt wət əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ ə ˈmɪzəri ˈmɛmˌwɑr ɪn frɔst ɪn meɪ 1933 ə ˈlaɪtli ˈvərʒən əv hər oʊn ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz. (bət ðɛn ɪt tərnz aʊt hər ˈmɛməriz wərənt rɪˈlaɪəbəl səˈmænθə ˈɛlɪs raɪts əˈbaʊt ðɪs ɪn hər nu bʊk ɔn ˈlɪtərˌɛri ˈhɛˌroʊənz.) məʧ mɔr ˌɛnˈʤɔɪəbəl ɪz lænd əv ˈspaɪsɪz 1941 baɪ ðə keɪt oʊˈbraɪɪn ðə ˈtaɪtəl kəmz frəm ə ʤɔrʤ ˈhərbərt poʊəm ənd ˈʃʊdənt bi ˈteɪkən tɪ ˌɪmˈplaɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪgˈzɑtɪk ər ˌkɑzməˈpɑlətən ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛnt (ɪt minz prɛr) bət, ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈrɛvərənd ˈməðər ənd ə ʧaɪld æt ðə ˈkɑnˌvɛnt skul ɪz ɪnˈgroʊsɪŋ. ənd ˈædəlts gɪt pʊld ɪn tu: ˈaɪrɪs ˈmərdɑks ðə bɛl 1958 ɪz sɛt ɪn ə rɪˈlɪʤəs kəmˈjunɪti əˈtæʧt tɪ ə ˈkɑnˌvɛnt, bət ðə nənz' roʊl ɪz ˈmoʊstli sɪmˈbɑlɪk. ðɛr ər əˈstɑnɪʃɪŋ ˈnəmbərz əv dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈstɔriz wɪθ nənz ɛz sluθs ər ki ˈkɛrɪktərz: ænˈtoʊniə ˈfreɪzərz 1977 kwaɪət ɛz ə nən (ˈkɑnˌvɛnt, ˈbɔrdɪŋ skul ənd ðə ˈɛstəməbəl ʤɛˈmimə ʃɔr ˈtrɪpəl θrɛt) stændz aʊt, ənd ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɔθər ʤeɪn kraɪm bʊks ˈɔfən ˈfiʧər rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈsɛtɪŋz tɪ greɪt ˈifɛkt. wəns ju stɑrt ˈlʊkɪŋ æt nənz ɪn ˈhɪstəri frəm ə ˈmɑdərn pərˈspɛktɪv, ðɛr kəmz ə hoʊl nu ˈtɑpɪk wɑz ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli fən biɪŋ ə nən? əv kɔrs ðɛr məst hæv bɪn ən ənˈnoʊn pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈwɪmən kloʊzd əp əˈgɛnst ðɛr wɪl, bət ɪts rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə aɪˈdiə ðət biɪŋ ə nən ˈwəzənt ðət bæd ən ˈɔpʃən ɪn ˈərliər taɪmz. ɪn fækt, dɛr wi seɪ ɪt, wɑz ɪt ðə ˈfɛmənɪst ʧɔɪs? lʊk wət ðeɪ mɪst: ə nən wɑz fri frəm ðə ˈhɔrərz ənd ˈdeɪnʤərz əv ˈʧaɪldˌbərθ ənd ðə əv ənˈwɔntɪd ˈmɛrɪʤ. ˈɔfən ðeɪ kʊd pərˈsu ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈmɛdəsən, ˈhɔrtɪˌkəlʧər, ɑrt ər mˈjuzɪk. ðeɪ ˈdɪdənt hæv tɪ wɛr ər əˈtrækt mɛn ðɪs ɪz wət ˈfæsəˌneɪts ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈɔθərz ənd ˈridərz. ˈsɛrə ˈmɑrvələs ˈseɪkrɪd hɑrts ˈpəblɪʃt 2009 sɛt ɪn 1570 ɪn ˈɪtəli lʊks æt ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈʧɔɪsɪz fər ˈdɪfərənt ˈwɪmən. ˈsɪlviə ˈtaʊnzənd ˈwɔrnər ɪn ðə ˈkɔrnər ðət hɛld ðɛm (ˈpəblɪʃt 1948 sɛt ɪn ən ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈkɑnˌvɛnt ɪn ˈnɔrfək) gɪvz ˈjuˈɛs ˈgɑsəp, ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈfrɛndʃɪps ənd ˈditeɪlz əv ʧərʧ mˈjuzɪk. ˈʃɑrlət brontë*ë ˈdɔtər əv ðə ˈpɑrsənɪʤ ɪz ˈdipli səˈspɪʃəs əv ˈroʊmən kəˈθɔləˌsɪzəm ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, ənd ðə ˈfɪgjər əv ðə nən ɪn vɪˈlɛt ɪz kwaɪt ˈtrəbəlsəm. bət ɛz ˈɪzənt ə ril nən wɛl, pərˈhæps wi woʊnt ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə saɪˈkɑləʤi əv ðət tu ˈkloʊsli. ʃi wɑz ˈsərtənli rɪˈflɛktɪŋ bæk tɪ ˈgɑθɪk ˈfɪkʃən ənd ˌsupərˈnæʧərəl, ˈkripi rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfɪgjərz, ˈrəðər ðən ˈlʊkɪŋ æt kərɪr ˌɑpərˈtunətiz, ənd ʃi ənd hər ˈhɛroʊən ˈlusi snoʊ teɪk ə gʊd ˈprɑtəstənt laɪn əˈgɛnst ˈnɑnsɛns. bət brontë*ë ɪz ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən: moʊst ˈɔθərz ˌəndərˈstænd mɔr ənd kənˈdɛm lɛs. wɪʧ ˈəðər ˈraɪtərz kriˈeɪtɪd ˈkɑnˌvɛnts wərθ ˈrɛdɪŋ əˈbaʊt, ənd wɪʧ bʊks meɪk ðə laɪf saʊnd əˈtræktɪv? pliz ˈɔfər əp jʊr θɔts

vermont sen. bernie sanders attacked democratic hillary clinton over her record on hydraulic fracturing, or, during debate. sanders attacked previous promotion of natural gas saying, “[w]hen you were secretary of state, you also worked hard to expand to countries all over the world.” clinton admitted sanders was correct, but stated during the cnn debate, “i think changed my view.” clinton specifically claimed that “for both economic and environmental and strategic reasons, it was american policy to try to help countries get out from under the constant use of coal, building coal plants all the time, also to get out from under, especially if they were in europe, the pressure from russia, which has been incredibly intense. so we did say natural gas is a bridge.” clinton promoted for natural gas in other countries during her tenure as secretary of state, saying in 2010, “[t]he united states will promote the use of shale gas.” the department of state helped advise african and other world leaders on the benefits of during her tenure, connecting them with american energy experts and organized visits to drilling sites in america. the state department hosted several conferences on in other countries while clinton was secretary of state and sent u.s. experts to help foreign officials develop programs. program continued under secretary of state john kerry, known as the unconventional gas technical engagement program. much of the proposed by the department of state would have been done on public lands in other countries, but clinton now supports phasing out on public lands in america. clinton claimed in the debate that by the time the protection agency finishes regulating, there will be much less of it in america. the hillary clinton campaign immediately hung up when contacted in december by the daily caller news foundation about the presidential record on. environmentalists have accused clinton of “soft climate denial” for her history and her criticism of sanders’ environmental record. friends of the earth action, which has endorsed sanders, claimed clinton lied about the vermont environmental record during an interview earlier this month. friends of the earth claims to have “over 2 million members and supporters around the world,” but is poorly funded compared to more established environmental groups. larger environmental groups, such as the league of conservation voters, have endorsed clinton. follow andrew on twitter send tips to andrew@ dailycallernewsfoundation.org. content created by the daily caller news foundation is available without charge to any eligible news publisher that can provide a large audience. for licensing opportunities of our original content, please contact licensing@dailycallernewsfoundation.org.

vərˈmɑnt sɛn. ˈbərni ˈsændərz əˈtækt ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ˈoʊvər hər ˈrɛkərd ɔn haɪˈdrɔlɪk ˈfrækʧərɪŋ, ər, ˈdʊrɪŋ dəˈbeɪt. ˈsændərz əˈtækt ˈpriviəs pərˈmoʊʃən əv ˈnæʧərəl gæs seɪɪŋ, ju wər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt, ju ˈɔlsoʊ wərkt hɑrd tɪ ɪkˈspænd tɪ ˈkəntriz ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə world.”*.” ˈklɪntən ədˈmɪtəd ˈsændərz wɑz kərˈɛkt, bət ˈsteɪtɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn dəˈbeɪt, θɪŋk ʧeɪnʤd maɪ view.”*.” ˈklɪntən spəˈsɪfɪkli kleɪmd ðət boʊθ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ənd strəˈtiʤɪk ˈrizənz, ɪt wɑz əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpɑləsi tɪ traɪ tɪ hɛlp ˈkəntriz gɪt aʊt frəm ˈəndər ðə ˈkɑnstənt juz əv koʊl, ˈbɪldɪŋ koʊl plænts ɔl ðə taɪm, ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ gɪt aʊt frəm ˈəndər, əˈspɛʃəli ɪf ðeɪ wər ɪn ˈjʊrəp, ðə ˈprɛʃər frəm ˈrəʃə, wɪʧ həz bɪn ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˌɪnˈtɛns. soʊ wi dɪd seɪ ˈnæʧərəl gæs ɪz ə bridge.”*.” ˈklɪntən prəˈmoʊtəd fər ˈnæʧərəl gæs ɪn ˈəðər ˈkəntriz ˈdʊrɪŋ hər ˈtɛnjər ɛz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt, seɪɪŋ ɪn 2010 juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɪl prəˈmoʊt ðə juz əv ʃeɪl gas.”*.” ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv steɪt hɛlpt ədˈvaɪz ˈæfrɪkɑn ənd ˈəðər wərld ˈlidərz ɔn ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈdʊrɪŋ hər ˈtɛnjər, kəˈnɛktɪŋ ðɛm wɪθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɛnərʤi ˈɛkspərts ənd ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈvɪzɪts tɪ ˈdrɪlɪŋ saɪts ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈhoʊstɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˈkɑnfərənsəz ɔn ɪn ˈəðər ˈkəntriz waɪl ˈklɪntən wɑz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ənd sɛnt juz. ˈɛkspərts tɪ hɛlp ˈfɔrən əˈfɪʃəlz dɪˈvɛləp ˈproʊˌgræmz. ˈproʊˌgræm kənˈtɪnjud ˈəndər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ʤɑn ˈkɛri, noʊn ɛz ðə ˌənkənˈvɛnʃənəl gæs ˈtɛknɪkəl ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt ˈproʊˌgræm. məʧ əv ðə prəˈpoʊzd baɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv steɪt wʊd hæv bɪn dən ɔn ˈpəblɪk lændz ɪn ˈəðər ˈkəntriz, bət ˈklɪntən naʊ səˈpɔrts ˈfeɪzɪŋ aʊt ɔn ˈpəblɪk lændz ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. ˈklɪntən kleɪmd ɪn ðə dəˈbeɪt ðət baɪ ðə taɪm ðə prəˈtɛkʃən ˈeɪʤənsi ˈfɪnɪʃɪz ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ, ðɛr wɪl bi məʧ lɛs əv ɪt ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. ðə ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli həŋ əp wɪn ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər baɪ ðə ˈdeɪli ˈkɔlər nuz faʊnˈdeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈrɛkərd ɔn. ɛnˈvaɪrənˌmɛnəlɪsts hæv əˈkjuzd ˈklɪntən əv ˈklaɪmɪt denial”*” fər hər ˈhɪstəri ənd hər ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv sanders’*’ ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈrɛkərd. frɛndz əv ðə ərθ ˈækʃən, wɪʧ həz ɛnˈdɔrst ˈsændərz, kleɪmd ˈklɪntən laɪd əˈbaʊt ðə vərˈmɑnt ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈrɛkərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˈɪntərvˌju ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ. frɛndz əv ðə ərθ kleɪmz tɪ hæv 2 ˈmɪljən ˈmɛmbərz ənd səˈpɔrtərz əraʊnd ðə world,”*,” bət ɪz ˈpurli ˈfəndɪd kəmˈpɛrd tɪ mɔr ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grups. ˈlɑrʤər ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grups, səʧ ɛz ðə lig əv ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈvoʊtərz, hæv ɛnˈdɔrst ˈklɪntən. ˈfɑloʊ ˈændru ɔn tˈwɪtər sɛnd tɪps tɪ ˈændru@ dailycallernewsfoundation.org*. ˈkɑntɛnt kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈdeɪli ˈkɔlər nuz faʊnˈdeɪʃən ɪz əˈveɪləbəl wɪˈθaʊt ʧɑrʤ tɪ ˈɛni ˈɛlɪʤəbəl nuz ˈpəblɪʃər ðət kən prəˈvaɪd ə lɑrʤ ˈɔdiəns. fər ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz əv ɑr ərˈɪʤənəl ˈkɑntɛnt, pliz ˈkɑnˌtækt licensing@dailycallernewsfoundation.org*.

both of them knew the conversation needed to happen. it had been simmering to the surface for quite some time, but it was only now, in june, at the tour de suisse that shayne bannan broached it. "come back in the car with me," offered bannan. and so he did. there's something about car rides that the heart and mind open. the unsaid, drips, then pours out, helped perhaps, by sparing eye-contact, and the gentle hum of the engine. they were frank. bannan, mainly. there was no it, the partnership hadn't been anywhere near as successful as either had hoped. after 10 minutes, all was said and done. catharsis. goss was out. the decision was mutual, as goss tells it anyway. still it's not something he would have anticipated, nor desired even 12 months before. both had wanted things to work. they hadn't. in september, he finished his last race with the team, the tour of alberta, or rather didn't. a is marked to his name for the final stage. an appropriately invisible close to time in colours. in three years with the team he'd clocked just two wins, and for the first time since he'd turn pro, in 2014, he hadn't won once. where exactly did it all go wrong for matt goss? what exactly happened to the that joined the team in 2012? at a time of accelerating development, strength, speed and confidence, the australian, stagnated, then went backwards. for matt goss, these were the lost years. *** internally at least, frustrations with at had been building for some time. one must remember that the australian, was, at least in 2012, by far the team's best paid rider, on a deal close to double that of any of his team-mates. and yet the return on investment from the now 27 year old, in retrospect, is among the poorest of the crop. at the time of signing, in 2011, his deal was vindicated. here was a rider bubbling to his prime, and ready, or so it appeared to hit his stride in a new, ambitious team, unrestrained by the presence of other sprinters. he'd won remo, he'd very nearly won a world championship, in copenhagen. the world was his oyster. but things never clicked. there's a confluence of factors that together goss, the first, was the assumption that he could, or would be able to factor against the world's best sprinters in an incredibly tight, and highly competitive of fast men. in reflection, matt white conceded last week that one of the big lessons with goss was how dramatically the trend of lead out trains built specifically around a single key sprinter had altered the speed game. cavendish and greipel, the emergence of marcel kittel, and the fact that peter sagan was a better climber, and arguably faster finisher left goss little opportunity to succeed. "we learnt that the hard way with gossy," said white. "it's a very, very hard market to crack. unless you can beat the kittels, greipels, or cavs, of this world, you're pretty much wasting your time." at least in first year with, the number of near misses would suggest that even with a team focused on delivering the australian to the line, racking up the wins the team had hoped was going to be hard graft, harder still in the evolving sprint environment without a train that argos, lotto, or, more recently, omega step. goss did win, once, at the, a landmark of sorts for the team as its first grand tour win, but the number of seconds, thirds and fourths, built in droves as further wins alluded him. as goss sees it, contending with building a new squad around him, and vying for wins against the world's best was always going to have its challenges. at least initially he'd underestimated how long they would take to iron out. "i had a great season in 2011, but i had it in a team which had been around in one form or another for a long time, and had a sprint train, a really disciplined setup," goss said. "they knew how to do everything. in 2012, we didn't. i was building a train from scratch, in doing sprints i'd never really done before - i'd never really done the big bunch sprints at the grand tours, i'd always worked for cav. it was a new experience, really getting the to work properly." the frustration with the team's teething problems in developing and honing a, in building goss into the sprinter they wanted him to be, netting the results they wanted, perhaps demanded, conspired to amplify in to pressure which goss had previously never had to contend with. perceived and real pressure the external pressure was there from the media, for goss to perform. questions were asked, doubts raised. internally, the team remained patient, but goss was feeling it all the same. "when it didn't work properly, really dealing with the pressure of the media - and everything - that was a different scenario to what i'd been used to in the past. i knew it was going to be more than usual, being an australian team, australian riders, and at the time being a marquee signing. i knew a lot of weight was going to be on my shoulders. "it was a combination of the pressure and expectation. it then snowballed after we missed out at the 2012 tour." expectation came with the money, both-greenedge insiders and goss himself acknowledge, but how much pressure that actually on the australian is contentious. was finding wins across the board, its first year seeing michael albasini, luke durbridge, daryl impey, kruopis, simon clarke and simon all winning at twice or more. with's victory at san remo, the tour down under, and the national championships, the weight was off the team's collective shoulders, 26 wins in total in its debut season, nothing to snort at. despite goss being signed as the team's leader, the reality was that through such a spread pool of winners, goss wasn't being relied on to perform. the internal pressure was less. still it didn't make the results sheet any prettier. goss wanted things to change. a better start to 2013 saw goss end his pre-season and survive the hit out at nationals, and then the santos tour down under in good shape, but winless. success appeared to be in the offing. a win in tirreno-adriatico, some of his old mongrel, just before remo was a breakthrough, and then he got sick. the unseasonably cold weather and high training load saw him repeatedly down with illness, something he failed to recover from the rest of the year. "i tried to do more and more training to catch up in 2013 to be better but it meant i was sick a lot, i did three course of antibiotics during the that year just trying to push through, and basically burning myself out in the process. at the end of the day i was the one that was paid to put the runs on the board, though. i should've known how far i could've pushed myself." all the while, simon was lifting the team's profile into the stratosphere. yellow, and a stage at the tour de france, the "gift" to daryl impey, all overshadowed goss. the signing of michael matthews, from rabobank, and his immediate success gave the team a viable sprint alternative. toward the end of 2013, goss pulled the pin, and went back-to-basics. a fresh start the focus on only increased this year. the team's golden boy delivered the team one of its biggest victories, liege-bastogne-liege, while matthews continued to quietly blossom. a growing tally of grand tour stage wins to matthews name and leader's jersey both at the and the have now eclipsed past contributions. as shifts its focus to hillier races, the arrival of more versatile sprinters, and a string of dedicated climbers, the tasmanian has become an expensive luxury that no longer fits the team's mould. clearly didn't know what to do with the australian this season, racing him sparingly, only 50 race days compared to 85 the year before, and often making him ride in support of matthews or rather than chase his own ambitions. a fresh start, by all reports, with mtn-qhubeka, may foster resurgence as a force in the professional peloton. but exactly what the australian needs to shift, or change is not clear. goss will once more turn to single day races, drifting away from attempts to take of wins at the or tour de france, but presumably the same challenges that have blighted his success in recent years remain. a point often made in favour is that he remains remarkably young, still only 27. indeed, if he can find a new lease of life at his new home there's huge scope to what his career might still offer. but there's plenty to prove. goss says he's still motivated, but the last three years must weigh on the mind. "it's a fresh start, 2015, i'll go back to a role that i've had success with in the past (at highroad)," says goss. "there's another sprinter on the team who's a dedicated bunch sprinter, which means i can sit back a bit and take my opportunity from day-to-day, when they arrive, those harder stages, and one again like san remo. i won't have to keep trying something that isn't working. "i'm looking forward to again picking and choosing my days, that's always worked better for me in the past. i'm looking forward to it." follow

boʊθ əv ðɛm nu ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ˈnidɪd tɪ ˈhæpən. ɪt hæd bɪn ˈsɪmərɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsərfəs fər kwaɪt səm taɪm, bət ɪt wɑz ˈoʊnli naʊ, ɪn ʤun, æt ðə tʊr də swɪs ðət ʃeɪn ˈbænən broʊʧt ɪt. "kəm bæk ɪn ðə kɑr wɪθ mi," ˈɔfərd ˈbænən. ənd soʊ hi dɪd. ðɛrz ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt kɑr raɪdz ðət ðə hɑrt ənd maɪnd ˈoʊpən. ðə ənˈsɛd, drɪps, ðɛn pɔrz aʊt, hɛlpt pərˈhæps, baɪ ˈspɛrɪŋ eye-contact*, ənd ðə ˈʤɛnəl həm əv ðə ˈɪnʤən. ðeɪ wər fræŋk. ˈbænən, ˈmeɪnli. ðɛr wɑz noʊ ɪt, ðə ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp ˈhædənt bɪn ˈɛniˌwɛr nɪr ɛz səkˈsɛsfəl ɛz ˈiðər hæd hoʊpt. ˈæftər 10 ˈmɪnəts, ɔl wɑz sɛd ənd dən. kəˈθɑrsəs. gɔs wɑz aʊt. ðə dɪˈsɪʒən wɑz mˈjuʧuəl, ɛz gɔs tɛlz ɪt ˈɛniˌweɪ. stɪl ɪts nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ hi wʊd hæv ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd, nɔr dɪˈzaɪərd ˈivɪn 12 mənθs ˌbiˈfɔr. boʊθ hæd ˈwɔntɪd θɪŋz tɪ wərk. ðeɪ ˈhædənt. ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, hi ˈfɪnɪʃt hɪz læst reɪs wɪθ ðə tim, ðə tʊr əv ælˈbərtə, ər ˈrəðər ˈdɪdənt. ə ɪz mɑrkt tɪ hɪz neɪm fər ðə ˈfaɪnəl steɪʤ. ən əˈproʊpriɪtli ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl kloʊz tɪ taɪm ɪn colours*. ɪn θri jɪrz wɪθ ðə tim hid klɑkt ʤɪst tu wɪnz, ənd fər ðə fərst taɪm sɪns hid tərn proʊ, ɪn 2014 hi ˈhædənt wən wəns. wɛr ɪgˈzæktli dɪd ɪt ɔl goʊ rɔŋ fər mæt gɔs? wət ɪgˈzæktli ˈhæpənd tɪ ðə ðət ʤɔɪnd ðə tim ɪn 2012 æt ə taɪm əv ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpmənt, strɛŋθ, spid ənd ˈkɑnfədɛns, ðə ɔˈstreɪljən, ˈstægˌneɪtɪd, ðɛn wɛnt ˈbækwərdz. fər mæt gɔs, ðiz wər ðə lɔst jɪrz. ˌɪnˈtərnəli æt list, frəˈstreɪʃənz wɪθ æt hæd bɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ fər səm taɪm. wən məst rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ðə ɔˈstreɪljən, wɑz, æt list ɪn 2012 baɪ fɑr ðə timz bɛst peɪd ˈraɪdər, ɔn ə dil kloʊz tɪ ˈdəbəl ðət əv ˈɛni əv hɪz team-mates*. ənd jɛt ðə rɪˈtərn ɔn ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt frəm ðə naʊ 27 jɪr oʊld, ɪn ˈrɛtrəˌspɛkt, ɪz əˈməŋ ðə ˈpurɪst əv ðə krɑp. æt ðə taɪm əv ˈsaɪnɪŋ, ɪn 2011 hɪz dil wɑz ˈvɪndəkeɪtɪd. hir wɑz ə ˈraɪdər ˈbəbəlɪŋ tɪ hɪz praɪm, ənd ˈrɛdi, ər soʊ ɪt əˈpɪrd tɪ hɪt hɪz straɪd ɪn ə nu, æmˈbɪʃəs tim, ˌənriˈstreɪnd baɪ ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈəðər ˈsprɪntərz. hid wən ˈrɛmoʊ, hid ˈvɛri ˈnɪrli wən ə wərld ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp, ɪn ˈkoʊpənˌhɑgən. ðə wərld wɑz hɪz ˈɔɪstər. bət θɪŋz ˈnɛvər klɪkt. ðɛrz ə ˈkɑnfluəns əv ˈfæktərz ðət təˈgɛðər gɔs, ðə fərst, wɑz ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət hi kʊd, ər wʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈfæktər əˈgɛnst ðə wərldz bɛst ˈsprɪntərz ɪn ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli taɪt, ənd ˈhaɪli kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv əv fæst mɛn. ɪn rɪˈflɛkʃən, mæt waɪt kənˈsidɪd læst wik ðət wən əv ðə bɪg ˈlɛsənz wɪθ gɔs wɑz haʊ drəˈmætɪkəli ðə trɛnd əv lɛd aʊt treɪnz bɪlt spəˈsɪfɪkli əraʊnd ə ˈsɪŋgəl ki ˈsprɪntər hæd ˈɔltərd ðə spid geɪm. ˈkævəndɪʃ ənd greipel*, ðə ˈimərʤəns əv mɑrˈsɛl ˈkɪtəl, ənd ðə fækt ðət ˈpitər ˈseɪgən wɑz ə ˈbɛtər ˈklaɪmər, ənd ˈɑrgjuəbli ˈfæstər ˈfɪnɪʃər lɛft gɔs ˈlɪtəl ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ səkˈsid. "wi lərnt ðət ðə hɑrd weɪ wɪθ gossy*," sɛd waɪt. "ɪts ə ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri hɑrd ˈmɑrkɪt tɪ kræk. ənˈlɛs ju kən bit ðə kittels*, greipels*, ər cavs*, əv ðɪs wərld, jʊr ˈprɪti məʧ ˈweɪstɪŋ jʊr taɪm." æt list ɪn fərst jɪr wɪθ, ðə ˈnəmbər əv nɪr ˈmɪsɪz wʊd səˈʤɛst ðət ˈivɪn wɪθ ə tim ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ðə ɔˈstreɪljən tɪ ðə laɪn, ˈrækɪŋ əp ðə wɪnz ðə tim hæd hoʊpt wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi hɑrd græft, ˈhɑrdər stɪl ɪn ðə ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ sprɪnt ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt wɪˈθaʊt ə treɪn ðət argos*, ˈlɑˌtoʊ, ər, mɔr ˈrisəntli, oʊˈmɛgə stɛp. gɔs dɪd wɪn, wəns, æt ðə, ə ˈlændˌmɑrk əv sɔrts fər ðə tim ɛz ɪts fərst grænd tʊr wɪn, bət ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈsɛkəndz, θərdz ənd fɔrθs, bɪlt ɪn droʊvz ɛz ˈfərðər wɪnz əˈludəd ɪm. ɛz gɔs siz ɪt, kənˈtɛndɪŋ wɪθ ˈbɪldɪŋ ə nu skwɑd əraʊnd ɪm, ənd vaɪɪŋ fər wɪnz əˈgɛnst ðə wərldz bɛst wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv ɪts ˈʧælənʤɪz. æt list ˌɪˈnɪʃəli hid ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd haʊ lɔŋ ðeɪ wʊd teɪk tɪ aɪərn aʊt. "aɪ hæd ə greɪt ˈsizən ɪn 2011 bət aɪ hæd ɪt ɪn ə tim wɪʧ hæd bɪn əraʊnd ɪn wən fɔrm ər əˈnəðər fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, ənd hæd ə sprɪnt treɪn, ə ˈrɪli ˈdɪsəplənd ˈsɛˌtəp," gɔs sɛd. "ðeɪ nu haʊ tɪ du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. ɪn 2012 wi ˈdɪdənt. aɪ wɑz ˈbɪldɪŋ ə treɪn frəm skræʧ, ɪn duɪŋ sprɪnts aɪd ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli dən ˌbiˈfɔr aɪd ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli dən ðə bɪg bənʧ sprɪnts æt ðə grænd tʊrz, aɪd ˈɔlˌweɪz wərkt fər cav*. ɪt wɑz ə nu ɪkˈspɪriəns, ˈrɪli ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə tɪ wərk ˈprɑpərli." ðə frəˈstreɪʃən wɪθ ðə timz ˈtiðɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ənd ˈhoʊnɪŋ ə, ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ gɔs ˈɪntu ðə ˈsprɪntər ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd ɪm tɪ bi, ˈnɛtɪŋ ðə rɪˈzəlts ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd, pərˈhæps dɪˈmændɪd, kənˈspaɪərd tɪ ˈæmpləˌfaɪ ɪn tɪ ˈprɛʃər wɪʧ gɔs hæd ˈpriviəsli ˈnɛvər hæd tɪ kənˈtɛnd wɪθ. pərˈsivd ənd ril ˈprɛʃər ðə ɪkˈstərnəl ˈprɛʃər wɑz ðɛr frəm ðə ˈmidiə, fər gɔs tɪ pərˈfɔrm. kˈwɛsʧənz wər æst, daʊts reɪzd. ˌɪnˈtərnəli, ðə tim rɪˈmeɪnd ˈpeɪʃənt, bət gɔs wɑz ˈfilɪŋ ɪt ɔl ðə seɪm. "wɪn ɪt ˈdɪdənt wərk ˈprɑpərli, ˈrɪli ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈprɛʃər əv ðə ˈmidiə ənd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət wɑz ə ˈdɪfərənt sɪˈnɛrioʊ tɪ wət aɪd bɪn juzd tɪ ɪn ðə pæst. aɪ nu ɪt wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi mɔr ðən ˈjuʒəwəl, biɪŋ ən ɔˈstreɪljən tim, ɔˈstreɪljən ˈraɪdərz, ənd æt ðə taɪm biɪŋ ə mɑrˈki ˈsaɪnɪŋ. aɪ nu ə lɔt əv weɪt wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ɔn maɪ ˈʃoʊldərz. "ɪt wɑz ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ðə ˈprɛʃər ənd ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən. ɪt ðɛn sˈnoʊˌbɔld ˈæftər wi mɪst aʊt æt ðə 2012 tʊr." ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən keɪm wɪθ ðə ˈməni, boʊθ ˌɪnˈsaɪdərz ənd gɔs hɪmˈsɛlf ækˈnɑlɪʤ, bət haʊ məʧ ˈprɛʃər ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli ɔn ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ɪz kənˈtɛnʃəs. wɑz ˈfaɪndɪŋ wɪnz əˈkrɔs ðə bɔrd, ɪts fərst jɪr siɪŋ ˈmaɪkəl albasini*, luk durbridge*, ˈdɛrəl impey*, kruopis*, ˈsaɪmən klɑrk ənd ˈsaɪmən ɔl ˈwɪnɪŋ æt twaɪs ər mɔr. wɪθ ˈvɪktəri æt sæn ˈrɛmoʊ, ðə tʊr daʊn ˈəndər, ənd ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps, ðə weɪt wɑz ɔf ðə timz kəˈlɛktɪv ˈʃoʊldərz, 26 wɪnz ɪn ˈtoʊtəl ɪn ɪts ˈdeɪbju ˈsizən, ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ snɔrt æt. dɪˈspaɪt gɔs biɪŋ saɪnd ɛz ðə timz ˈlidər, ðə ˌriˈæləˌti wɑz ðət θru səʧ ə sprɛd pul əv ˈwɪnərz, gɔs ˈwəzənt biɪŋ rɪˈlaɪd ɔn tɪ pərˈfɔrm. ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈprɛʃər wɑz lɛs. stɪl ɪt ˈdɪdənt meɪk ðə rɪˈzəlts ʃit ˈɛni ˈprɪtiər. gɔs ˈwɔntɪd θɪŋz tɪ ʧeɪnʤ. ə ˈbɛtər stɑrt tɪ 2013 sɔ gɔs ɛnd hɪz ˌpriˈsizən ənd sərˈvaɪv ðə hɪt aʊt æt ˈnæʃənəlz, ənd ðɛn ðə ˈsæntoʊs tʊr daʊn ˈəndər ɪn gʊd ʃeɪp, bət winless*. səkˈsɛs əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ɪn ðə ˈɔfɪŋ. ə wɪn ɪn tirreno-adriatico*, səm əv hɪz oʊld mongrel*, ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ˈrɛmoʊ wɑz ə ˈbreɪkθˌru, ənd ðɛn hi gɑt sɪk. ðə ənˈsizənəbli koʊld ˈwɛðər ənd haɪ ˈtreɪnɪŋ loʊd sɔ ɪm rɪˈpitɪdli daʊn wɪθ ˈɪlnəs, ˈsəmθɪŋ hi feɪld tɪ rɪˈkəvər frəm ðə rɛst əv ðə jɪr. "aɪ traɪd tɪ du mɔr ənd mɔr ˈtreɪnɪŋ tɪ kæʧ əp ɪn 2013 tɪ bi ˈbɛtər bət ɪt mɛnt aɪ wɑz sɪk ə lɔt, aɪ dɪd θri kɔrs əv ˌæntibaɪˈɑtɪks ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ðət jɪr ʤɪst traɪɪŋ tɪ pʊʃ θru, ənd ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈbərnɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf aʊt ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ aɪ wɑz ðə wən ðət wɑz peɪd tɪ pʊt ðə rənz ɔn ðə bɔrd, ðoʊ. aɪ ˈʃʊdəv noʊn haʊ fɑr aɪ ˈkʊdəv pʊʃt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf." ɔl ðə waɪl, ˈsaɪmən wɑz ˈlɪftɪŋ ðə timz ˈproʊˌfaɪl ˈɪntu ðə ˈstrætəsˌfɪr. ˈjɛloʊ, ənd ə steɪʤ æt ðə tʊr də fræns, ðə "gɪft" tɪ ˈdɛrəl impey*, ɔl ˌoʊvərˈʃædoʊd gɔs. ðə ˈsaɪnɪŋ əv ˈmaɪkəl ˈmæθjuz, frəm ˈrɑboʊˌbæŋk, ənd hɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiət səkˈsɛs geɪv ðə tim ə ˈvaɪəbəl sprɪnt ɔlˈtərnətɪv. təˈwɔrd ðə ɛnd əv 2013 gɔs pʊld ðə pɪn, ənd wɛnt back-to-basics*. ə frɛʃ stɑrt ðə ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈkrist ðɪs jɪr. ðə timz ˈgoʊldən bɔɪ dɪˈlɪvərd ðə tim wən əv ɪts ˈbɪgəst ˈvɪktəriz, liege-bastogne-liege*, waɪl ˈmæθjuz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ kˈwaɪətli ˈblɑsəm. ə groʊɪŋ ˈtæli əv grænd tʊr steɪʤ wɪnz tɪ ˈmæθjuz neɪm ənd ˈlidərz ˈʤərzi boʊθ æt ðə ənd ðə hæv naʊ ɪˈklɪpst pæst ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz. ɛz ʃɪfts ɪts ˈfoʊkɪs tɪ ˈhɪliər ˈreɪsɪz, ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv mɔr ˈvərsətəl ˈsprɪntərz, ənd ə strɪŋ əv ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ˈklaɪmərz, ðə ˌtæzˈmeɪniən həz bɪˈkəm ən ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈləgʒəri ðət noʊ ˈlɔŋgər fɪts ðə timz moʊld. ˈklɪrli ˈdɪdənt noʊ wət tɪ du wɪθ ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ðɪs ˈsizən, ˈreɪsɪŋ ɪm ˈspɛrɪŋli, ˈoʊnli 50 reɪs deɪz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 85 ðə jɪr ˌbiˈfɔr, ənd ˈɔfən ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪm raɪd ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ˈmæθjuz ər ˈrəðər ðən ʧeɪs hɪz oʊn æmˈbɪʃənz. ə frɛʃ stɑrt, baɪ ɔl rɪˈpɔrts, wɪθ mtn-qhubeka*, meɪ ˈfɑstər riˈsərʤəns ɛz ə fɔrs ɪn ðə prəˈfɛʃənəl peloton*. bət ɪgˈzæktli wət ðə ɔˈstreɪljən nidz tɪ ʃɪft, ər ʧeɪnʤ ɪz nɑt klɪr. gɔs wɪl wəns mɔr tərn tɪ ˈsɪŋgəl deɪ ˈreɪsɪz, ˈdrɪftɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm əˈtɛmpts tɪ teɪk əv wɪnz æt ðə ər tʊr də fræns, bət prɪˈzuməbli ðə seɪm ˈʧælənʤɪz ðət hæv ˈblaɪtɪd hɪz səkˈsɛs ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz rɪˈmeɪn. ə pɔɪnt ˈɔfən meɪd ɪn ˈfeɪvər ɪz ðət hi rɪˈmeɪnz rɪˈmɑrkəbli jəŋ, stɪl ˈoʊnli 27 ˌɪnˈdid, ɪf hi kən faɪnd ə nu lis əv laɪf æt hɪz nu hoʊm ðɛrz juʤ skoʊp tɪ wət hɪz kərɪr maɪt stɪl ˈɔfər. bət ðɛrz ˈplɛnti tɪ pruv. gɔs sɪz hiz stɪl ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd, bət ðə læst θri jɪrz məst weɪ ɔn ðə maɪnd. "ɪts ə frɛʃ stɑrt, 2015 aɪl goʊ bæk tɪ ə roʊl ðət aɪv hæd səkˈsɛs wɪθ ɪn ðə pæst (æt highroad*)," sɪz gɔs. "ðɛrz əˈnəðər ˈsprɪntər ɔn ðə tim huz ə ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd bənʧ ˈsprɪntər, wɪʧ minz aɪ kən sɪt bæk ə bɪt ənd teɪk maɪ ˌɑpərˈtunəti frəm ˈdeɪtuˌdeɪ, wɪn ðeɪ əraɪv, ðoʊz ˈhɑrdər ˈsteɪʤɪz, ənd wən əˈgɛn laɪk sæn ˈrɛmoʊ. aɪ woʊnt hæv tɪ kip traɪɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ˈɪzənt ˈwərkɪŋ. "əm ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ əˈgɛn ˈpɪkɪŋ ənd ˈʧuzɪŋ maɪ deɪz, ðæts ˈɔlˌweɪz wərkt ˈbɛtər fər mi ɪn ðə pæst. əm ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ɪt." ˈfɑloʊ

once we enter open beta, we will stop selling the current set of many people who have supported path of exile financially will receive physical goods posted to them (such as t-shirts, posters, copies of the game and soundtrack). we are about to start preparing these and we expect that they will be printed and posted before august. a few months ago, we stated that we hoped to enter open beta in june. some of the crucial features that we must enter open beta with are not yet finished, so we will delay the open beta until they are. as mentioned above, we expect that this will be mid-august. while we strongly believe that this estimate is accurate, we will update it over time if work progresses ahead or behind of schedule. one of the advantages of not having a publisher is that we are able to create our own deadlines without being forced to open up the game to the public in an unfinished state. while i am sure that many of our patient fans are disappointed by this announcement, please rest assured that the game is almost done - lucky testers (and our generous supporters) have been playing the closed beta for ten months and can hopefully attest to our high quality standards. here's the plan for the last remaining patches before open beta. the patches will take approximately three weeks each, and will be available to alpha testers a week before they are deployed to the beta realm. 0.9.10: will be deployed tuesday, june 5. i've discussed its contents 0.9.11: among other changes, this patch will enable the new (which we have been hinting at for a while) and the act two final boss. it will include the ability to swap between weapon sets. 0.9.12: this patch will fix most of the issues with minions. it will also introduce arenas and the ability to challenge other players to duel. we expect to improve the brutus fight in this patch as well. 0.9.13: a secure trade screen and substantial update to server stability and capacity is scheduled for this patch. 0.10.0: the official open beta release, which we expect will be deployed a week or so after. it will have act three enabled, voice acting for most of the and characters, as well as a range of cosmetic to purchase. there are hundreds of minor bug fixes and small features such as additional skill gems and monsters scheduled during the above timeline as well, but they are too small to individually list here. while the closed beta has expanded in features and some content in the last year, most of our artists have been working on act three. we expect that path of exile will enter open beta in mid-august. at that point our final character wipe will occur and the game will be permanently available for everyone to we enter open beta, we will stop selling the current set of supporter packs and will instead offer other options for purchasing credit. if you want to buy a kiwi pet, you will need to do so while path of exile is still in closed people who have supported path of exile financially will receive physical goods posted to them (such as t-shirts, posters, copies of the game and soundtrack). we are about to start preparing these and we expect that they will be printed and posted before few months ago, we stated that we hoped to enter open beta in june. some of the crucial features that we must enter open beta with are not yet finished, so we will delay the open beta until they are. as mentioned above, we expect that this will be mid-august. while we strongly believe that this estimate is accurate, we will update it over time if work progresses ahead or behind of of the advantages of not having a publisher is that we are able to create our own deadlines without being forced to open up the game to the public in an unfinished state. while i am sure that many of our patient fans are disappointed by this announcement, please rest assured that the game is almost done - lucky testers (and our generous supporters) have been playing the closed beta for ten months and can hopefully attest to our high quality the plan for the last remaining patches before open beta. the patches will take approximately three weeks each, and will be available to alpha testers a week before they are deployed to the beta realm.: will be deployed tuesday, june 5. i've discussed its contents here : among other changes, this patch will enable the new (which we have been hinting at for a while) and the act two final boss. it will include the ability to swap between weapon sets.: this patch will fix most of the issues with minions. it will also introduce arenas and the ability to challenge other players to duel. we expect to improve the brutus fight in this patch as well.: a secure trade screen and substantial update to server stability and capacity is scheduled for this patch.: the official open beta release, which we expect will be deployed a week or so after. it will have act three enabled, voice acting for most of the and characters, as well as a range of cosmetic to are hundreds of minor bug fixes and small features such as additional skill gems and monsters scheduled during the above timeline as well, but they are too small to individually list the closed beta has expanded in features and some content in the last year, most of our artists have been working on act three. here's a teaser of some of their recent work. youtube | lead developer. follow us on: twitter facebook | contact support if you need help! last edited by chris on oct 31, 2012, am posted by chris on grinding gear games on

wəns wi ˈɛnər ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə, wi wɪl stɑp ˈsɛlɪŋ ðə ˈkɑrənt sɛt əv ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hu hæv səˈpɔrtɪd pæθ əv ˈɛkˌsaɪl ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli wɪl rɪˈsiv ˈfɪzɪkəl gʊdz ˈpoʊstɪd tɪ ðɛm (səʧ ɛz ˈtiˌsərts, ˈpoʊstərz, ˈkɑpiz əv ðə geɪm ənd ˈsaʊnˌtræk). wi ər əˈbaʊt tɪ stɑrt pərˈpɛrɪŋ ðiz ənd wi ɪkˈspɛkt ðət ðeɪ wɪl bi ˈprɪnɪd ənd ˈpoʊstɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɔgəst. ə fju mənθs əˈgoʊ, wi ˈsteɪtɪd ðət wi hoʊpt tɪ ˈɛnər ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə ɪn ʤun. səm əv ðə ˈkruʃəl ˈfiʧərz ðət wi məst ˈɛnər ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə wɪθ ər nɑt jɛt ˈfɪnɪʃt, soʊ wi wɪl dɪˈleɪ ðə ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə ənˈtɪl ðeɪ ər. ɛz ˈmɛnʃənd əˈbəv, wi ɪkˈspɛkt ðət ðɪs wɪl bi mid-august*. waɪl wi ˈstrɔŋli bɪˈliv ðət ðɪs ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ɪz ˈækjərət, wi wɪl ˈəpˌdeɪt ɪt ˈoʊvər taɪm ɪf wərk ˈprɑˌgrɛsəz əˈhɛd ər bɪˈhaɪnd əv ˈskɛʤʊl. wən əv ðə ædˈvæntɪʤɪz əv nɑt ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈpəblɪʃər ɪz ðət wi ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ kriˈeɪt ɑr oʊn ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ fɔrst tɪ ˈoʊpən əp ðə geɪm tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk ɪn ən ənˈfɪnɪʃt steɪt. waɪl aɪ æm ʃʊr ðət ˈmɛni əv ɑr ˈpeɪʃənt fænz ər ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd baɪ ðɪs əˈnaʊnsmɛnt, pliz rɛst əˈʃʊrd ðət ðə geɪm ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst dən ˈləki ˈtɛstərz (ənd ɑr ˈʤɛnərəs səˈpɔrtərz) hæv bɪn pleɪɪŋ ðə kloʊzd ˈbeɪtə fər tɛn mənθs ənd kən ˈhoʊpfəli əˈtɛst tɪ ɑr haɪ kˈwɑləti ˈstændərdz. hɪrz ðə plæn fər ðə læst rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈpæʧɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə. ðə ˈpæʧɪz wɪl teɪk əˈprɑksəmətli θri wiks iʧ, ənd wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈælfə ˈtɛstərz ə wik ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ ər dɪˈplɔɪd tɪ ðə ˈbeɪtə rɛlm. wɪl bi dɪˈplɔɪd ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ʤun 5 aɪv dɪˈskəst ɪts ˈkɑntɛnts əˈməŋ ˈəðər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, ðɪs pæʧ wɪl ɪˈneɪbəl ðə nu (wɪʧ wi hæv bɪn ˈhɪntɪŋ æt fər ə waɪl) ənd ðə ækt tu ˈfaɪnəl bɔs. ɪt wɪl ˌɪnˈklud ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ swɑp bɪtˈwin ˈwɛpən sɛts. ðɪs pæʧ wɪl fɪks moʊst əv ðə ˈɪʃuz wɪθ ˈmɪnjənz. ɪt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪntrəˈdus ərˈinəz ənd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ˈəðər pleɪərz tɪ duəl. wi ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðə ˈbrutəs faɪt ɪn ðɪs pæʧ ɛz wɛl. ə sɪˈkjʊr treɪd skrin ənd səbˈstænʃəl ˈəpˌdeɪt tɪ ˈsərvər stəˈbɪlɪti ənd kəˈpæsɪti ɪz ˈskɛʤʊld fər ðɪs pæʧ. ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə riˈlis, wɪʧ wi ɪkˈspɛkt wɪl bi dɪˈplɔɪd ə wik ər soʊ ˈæftər ɪt wɪl hæv ækt θri ɪˈneɪbəld, vɔɪs ˈæktɪŋ fər moʊst əv ðə ənd ˈkɛrɪktərz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ə reɪnʤ əv kɑzˈmɛtɪk tɪ ˈpərʧəs. ðɛr ər ˈhənərdz əv ˈmaɪnər bəg ˈfɪksɪz ənd smɔl ˈfiʧərz səʧ ɛz əˈdɪʃənəl skɪl ʤɛmz ənd ˈmɑnstərz ˈskɛʤʊld ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə əˈbəv ˈtaɪmlaɪn ɛz wɛl, bət ðeɪ ər tu smɔl tɪ ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli lɪst hir. waɪl ðə kloʊzd ˈbeɪtə həz ɪkˈspændɪd ɪn ˈfiʧərz ənd səm ˈkɑntɛnt ɪn ðə læst jɪr, moʊst əv ɑr ˈɑrtɪsts hæv bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ækt θri. wi ɪkˈspɛkt ðət pæθ əv ˈɛkˌsaɪl wɪl ˈɛnər ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə ɪn mid-august*. æt ðət pɔɪnt ɑr ˈfaɪnəl ˈkɛrɪktər waɪp wɪl əˈkər ənd ðə geɪm wɪl bi ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈɛvriˌwən tɪ wi ˈɛnər ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə, wi wɪl stɑp ˈsɛlɪŋ ðə ˈkɑrənt sɛt əv səˈpɔrtər pæks ənd wɪl ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈɔfər ˈəðər ˈɔpʃənz fər ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ˈkrɛdɪt. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ baɪ ə ˈkiwi pɛt, ju wɪl nid tɪ du soʊ waɪl pæθ əv ˈɛkˌsaɪl ɪz stɪl ɪn kloʊzd ˈpipəl hu hæv səˈpɔrtɪd pæθ əv ˈɛkˌsaɪl ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli wɪl rɪˈsiv ˈfɪzɪkəl gʊdz ˈpoʊstɪd tɪ ðɛm (səʧ ɛz ˈtiˌsərts, ˈpoʊstərz, ˈkɑpiz əv ðə geɪm ənd ˈsaʊnˌtræk). wi ər əˈbaʊt tɪ stɑrt pərˈpɛrɪŋ ðiz ənd wi ɪkˈspɛkt ðət ðeɪ wɪl bi ˈprɪnɪd ənd ˈpoʊstɪd ˌbiˈfɔr fju mənθs əˈgoʊ, wi ˈsteɪtɪd ðət wi hoʊpt tɪ ˈɛnər ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə ɪn ʤun. səm əv ðə ˈkruʃəl ˈfiʧərz ðət wi məst ˈɛnər ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə wɪθ ər nɑt jɛt ˈfɪnɪʃt, soʊ wi wɪl dɪˈleɪ ðə ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə ənˈtɪl ðeɪ ər. ɛz ˈmɛnʃənd əˈbəv, wi ɪkˈspɛkt ðət ðɪs wɪl bi mid-august*. waɪl wi ˈstrɔŋli bɪˈliv ðət ðɪs ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ɪz ˈækjərət, wi wɪl ˈəpˌdeɪt ɪt ˈoʊvər taɪm ɪf wərk ˈprɑˌgrɛsəz əˈhɛd ər bɪˈhaɪnd əv əv ðə ædˈvæntɪʤɪz əv nɑt ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈpəblɪʃər ɪz ðət wi ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ kriˈeɪt ɑr oʊn ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ fɔrst tɪ ˈoʊpən əp ðə geɪm tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk ɪn ən ənˈfɪnɪʃt steɪt. waɪl aɪ æm ʃʊr ðət ˈmɛni əv ɑr ˈpeɪʃənt fænz ər ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd baɪ ðɪs əˈnaʊnsmɛnt, pliz rɛst əˈʃʊrd ðət ðə geɪm ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst dən ˈləki ˈtɛstərz (ənd ɑr ˈʤɛnərəs səˈpɔrtərz) hæv bɪn pleɪɪŋ ðə kloʊzd ˈbeɪtə fər tɛn mənθs ənd kən ˈhoʊpfəli əˈtɛst tɪ ɑr haɪ kˈwɑləti ðə plæn fər ðə læst rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈpæʧɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə. ðə ˈpæʧɪz wɪl teɪk əˈprɑksəmətli θri wiks iʧ, ənd wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈælfə ˈtɛstərz ə wik ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ ər dɪˈplɔɪd tɪ ðə ˈbeɪtə rɛlm.: wɪl bi dɪˈplɔɪd ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ʤun 5 aɪv dɪˈskəst ɪts ˈkɑntɛnts hir əˈməŋ ˈəðər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, ðɪs pæʧ wɪl ɪˈneɪbəl ðə nu (wɪʧ wi hæv bɪn ˈhɪntɪŋ æt fər ə waɪl) ənd ðə ækt tu ˈfaɪnəl bɔs. ɪt wɪl ˌɪnˈklud ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ swɑp bɪtˈwin ˈwɛpən sɛts.: ðɪs pæʧ wɪl fɪks moʊst əv ðə ˈɪʃuz wɪθ ˈmɪnjənz. ɪt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪntrəˈdus ərˈinəz ənd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ˈəðər pleɪərz tɪ duəl. wi ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðə ˈbrutəs faɪt ɪn ðɪs pæʧ ɛz wɛl.: ə sɪˈkjʊr treɪd skrin ənd səbˈstænʃəl ˈəpˌdeɪt tɪ ˈsərvər stəˈbɪlɪti ənd kəˈpæsɪti ɪz ˈskɛʤʊld fər ðɪs pæʧ.: ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈoʊpən ˈbeɪtə riˈlis, wɪʧ wi ɪkˈspɛkt wɪl bi dɪˈplɔɪd ə wik ər soʊ ˈæftər ɪt wɪl hæv ækt θri ɪˈneɪbəld, vɔɪs ˈæktɪŋ fər moʊst əv ðə ənd ˈkɛrɪktərz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ə reɪnʤ əv kɑzˈmɛtɪk tɪ ər ˈhənərdz əv ˈmaɪnər bəg ˈfɪksɪz ənd smɔl ˈfiʧərz səʧ ɛz əˈdɪʃənəl skɪl ʤɛmz ənd ˈmɑnstərz ˈskɛʤʊld ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə əˈbəv ˈtaɪmlaɪn ɛz wɛl, bət ðeɪ ər tu smɔl tɪ ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli lɪst ðə kloʊzd ˈbeɪtə həz ɪkˈspændɪd ɪn ˈfiʧərz ənd səm ˈkɑntɛnt ɪn ðə læst jɪr, moʊst əv ɑr ˈɑrtɪsts hæv bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ækt θri. hɪrz ə ˈtizər əv səm əv ðɛr ˈrisənt wərk. ˈjuˌtub lɛd dɪˈvɛləpər. ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn: tˈwɪtər ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈkɑnˌtækt səˈpɔrt ɪf ju nid hɛlp! læst ˈɛdɪtɪd baɪ krɪs ɔn ɔkt 31 2012 æm ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ krɪs ɔn ˈgraɪndɪŋ gɪr geɪmz ɔn

photo ballots were stacked up as a statewide presidential election recount began thursday, in milwaukee. credit morry press lansing, mich. supporters of donald j. trump have filed legal challenges in pennsylvania, wisconsin and michigan in a suddenly robust effort to stop the presidential election recount efforts there. bill schuette, the attorney general of michigan, said that the recount, initiated by jill stein, the green party candidate, put michigan voters at risk of “paying millions and potentially losing their voice in the electoral college in the process.” “this court cannot allow a dilatory and frivolous request for a recount by an aggrieved party to silence all michigan votes for president,” mr. schuette, a republican, said in a court filing. a lawsuit against the wisconsin elections commission filed in federal district court by the great america pac, the stop hillary pac and ronald r. johnson, a wisconsin resident, argued that the recount could “unjustifiably cast doubt” on mr. victory in that state. the plaintiffs argued that the recount, which began across the 72 counties on thursday morning, should be halted immediately, in part because there is a substantial chance that it cannot be accurately completed by the deadline of dec. 12. in 2011, a statewide recount took close to a month. advertisement continue reading the main story in michigan on friday, where the recount is still pending, the board of state canvassers met to consider an objection to the recount by mr. trump. lawyers for mr. trump told the canvassing board, which is made up of two democrats and two republicans, that it should not allow a recount to proceed, describing it as needless, too expensive and not required by michigan law. besides, ms. stein came nowhere near winning the state. “this recount petition is absolutely unprecedented in the history of michigan election law,” said gary gordon, a lawyer for mr. trump and his campaign. a lawyer for ms. stein, mark brewer, said mr. campaign was making a “desperate attempt” to avoid a recount. “i would remind everybody that the original source of the allegation that this election was rigged was mr. trump,” mr. brewer told the board. the michigan board split,, along party lines, meaning the recount objection failed. lawyers for mr. trump and his allies are also seeking to halt legal proceedings by ms. stein to contest the statewide election results in pennsylvania. lawrence j. tabas, general counsel of the republican party of pennsylvania, said in an interview on friday that ms. lawyers had fallen short of demonstrating that there was fraud or illegal action in the nov. 8 election. “they know they have no claim,” he said. “this action by jill stein and her supporters i even call it a hail mary pass, because that would be insulting to the hail mary pass,” said mr. tabas, who along with other lawyers, submitted a lengthy brief filed in pennsylvania court on thursday. the recounts bids are widely viewed as having little chance of making a difference. but ms stein, in a statement, said the challenges to them were an effort to put “party politics above country.” “in an election already tainted by suspicion, previously expressed by donald trump himself,” she said, “verifying the vote is a procedure that would put all concerns around voter disenfranchisement to rest. desperate attempts to silence voter demands for recounts raise a simple question: why is donald trump afraid of these recounts?” advertisement continue reading the main story ms. stein has raised millions of dollars for an effort to force recounts in wisconsin, michigan and pennsylvania, states that have recently voted democratic and where mr. trump won by relatively thin margins.

ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈbæləts wər stækt əp ɛz ə ˈsteɪtˌwaɪd ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ˌriˈkaʊnt bɪˈgæn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ɪn mɪlˈwɔki. ˈkrɛdɪt ˈmɔri prɛs ˈlænsɪŋ, mɪʧ. səˈpɔrtərz əv ˈdɑnəld ʤeɪ. trəmp hæv faɪld ˈligəl ˈʧælənʤɪz ɪn ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə, wɪˈskɑnsən ənd ˈmɪʃɪgən ɪn ə ˈsədənli roʊˈbəst ˈɛfərt tɪ stɑp ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ˌriˈkaʊnt ˈɛfərts ðɛr. bɪl skut, ðə əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl əv ˈmɪʃɪgən, sɛd ðət ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt, ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd baɪ ʤɪl staɪn, ðə grin ˈpɑrti ˈkænədɪt, pʊt ˈmɪʃɪgən ˈvoʊtərz æt rɪsk əv ˈmɪljənz ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈluzɪŋ ðɛr vɔɪs ɪn ðə ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn ðə process.”*.” kɔrt ˈkænɑt əˈlaʊ ə ˈdɪləˌtɔri ənd ˈfrɪvələs rɪkˈwɛst fər ə ˌriˈkaʊnt baɪ ən əˈgrivd ˈpɑrti tɪ ˈsaɪləns ɔl ˈmɪʃɪgən voʊts fər president,”*,” ˈmɪstər. skut, ə rɪˈpəblɪkən, sɛd ɪn ə kɔrt ˈfaɪlɪŋ. ə ˈlɔˌsut əˈgɛnst ðə wɪˈskɑnsən ɪˈlɛkʃənz kəˈmɪʃən faɪld ɪn ˈfɛdərəl ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt baɪ ðə greɪt əˈmɛrɪkə pæk, ðə stɑp ˈhɪləri pæk ənd ˈrɑnəld ɑr. ˈʤɑnsən, ə wɪˈskɑnsən ˈrɛzɪdənt, ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt kʊd kæst doubt”*” ɔn ˈmɪstər. ˈvɪktəri ɪn ðət steɪt. ðə ˈpleɪnɪfs ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt, wɪʧ bɪˈgæn əˈkrɔs ðə 72 ˈkaʊntiz ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ʃʊd bi ˈhɔltɪd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli, ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz ðɛr ɪz ə səbˈstænʃəl ʧæns ðət ɪt ˈkænɑt bi ˈækjərətli kəmˈplitɪd baɪ ðə ˈdɛˌdlaɪn əv dɛk. 12 ɪn 2011 ə ˈsteɪtˌwaɪd ˌriˈkaʊnt tʊk kloʊz tɪ ə mənθ. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, wɛr ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt ɪz stɪl ˈpɛndɪŋ, ðə bɔrd əv steɪt ˈkænvəsərz mɛt tɪ kənˈsɪdər ən əˈbʤɛkʃən tɪ ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt baɪ ˈmɪstər. trəmp. ˈlɔjərz fər ˈmɪstər. trəmp toʊld ðə ˈkænvəsɪŋ bɔrd, wɪʧ ɪz meɪd əp əv tu ˈdɛməˌkræts ənd tu rɪˈpəblɪkənz, ðət ɪt ʃʊd nɑt əˈlaʊ ə ˌriˈkaʊnt tɪ pərˈsid, dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ɪt ɛz ˈnidləs, tu ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ənd nɑt rikˈwaɪərd baɪ ˈmɪʃɪgən lɔ. ˌbiˈsaɪdz, mɪz. staɪn keɪm ˈnoʊˌwɛr nɪr ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə steɪt. ˌriˈkaʊnt pəˈtɪʃən ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈmɪʃɪgən ɪˈlɛkʃən law,”*,” sɛd ˈgɛri ˈgɔrdən, ə ˈlɔjər fər ˈmɪstər. trəmp ənd hɪz kæmˈpeɪn. ə ˈlɔjər fər mɪz. staɪn, mɑrk bruər, sɛd ˈmɪstər. kæmˈpeɪn wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə attempt”*” tɪ əˈvɔɪd ə ˌriˈkaʊnt. wʊd riˈmaɪnd ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ðət ðə ərˈɪʤənəl sɔrs əv ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃən ðət ðɪs ɪˈlɛkʃən wɑz rɪgd wɑz ˈmɪstər. trump,”*,” ˈmɪstər. bruər toʊld ðə bɔrd. ðə ˈmɪʃɪgən bɔrd splɪt, əˈlɔŋ ˈpɑrti laɪnz, ˈminɪŋ ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt əˈbʤɛkʃən feɪld. ˈlɔjərz fər ˈmɪstər. trəmp ənd hɪz ˈælaɪz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsikɪŋ tɪ hɔlt ˈligəl prəˈsidɪŋz baɪ mɪz. staɪn tɪ ˈkɑntɛst ðə ˈsteɪtˌwaɪd ɪˈlɛkʃən rɪˈzəlts ɪn ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə. ˈlɔrəns ʤeɪ. tabas*, ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkaʊnsəl əv ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti əv ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə, sɛd ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðət mɪz. ˈlɔjərz hæd ˈfɑlən ʃɔrt əv ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ðət ðɛr wɑz frɔd ər ˌɪˈligəl ˈækʃən ɪn ðə noʊv. 8 ɪˈlɛkʃən. noʊ ðeɪ hæv noʊ claim,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈækʃən baɪ ʤɪl staɪn ənd hər səˈpɔrtərz aɪ ˈivɪn kɔl ɪt ə heɪl ˈmɛri pæs, bɪˈkəz ðət wʊd bi ˌɪnˈsəltɪŋ tɪ ðə heɪl ˈmɛri pass,”*,” sɛd ˈmɪstər. tabas*, hu əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈəðər ˈlɔjərz, səbˈmɪtəd ə ˈlɛŋθi brif faɪld ɪn ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə kɔrt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. ðə ˌriˈkaʊnts bɪdz ər ˈwaɪdli vjud ɛz ˈhævɪŋ ˈlɪtəl ʧæns əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈdɪfərəns. bət mɪz staɪn, ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt, sɛd ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz tɪ ðɛm wər ən ˈɛfərt tɪ pʊt ˈpɑləˌtɪks əˈbəv country.”*.” ən ɪˈlɛkʃən ɔˈrɛdi ˈteɪntɪd baɪ səˈspɪʃən, ˈpriviəsli ɪkˈsprɛst baɪ ˈdɑnəld trəmp himself,”*,” ʃi sɛd, ðə voʊt ɪz ə prəˈsiʤər ðət wʊd pʊt ɔl kənˈsərnz əraʊnd ˈvoʊtər dɪsɪnˈfrænˌʧaɪzmənt tɪ rɛst. ˈdɛspərɪt əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˈsaɪləns ˈvoʊtər dɪˈmændz fər ˌriˈkaʊnts reɪz ə ˈsɪmpəl kˈwɛʃən: waɪ ɪz ˈdɑnəld trəmp əˈfreɪd əv ðiz recounts?”*?” ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri mɪz. staɪn həz reɪzd ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz fər ən ˈɛfərt tɪ fɔrs ˌriˈkaʊnts ɪn wɪˈskɑnsən, ˈmɪʃɪgən ənd ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə, steɪts ðət hæv ˈrisəntli ˈvoʊtɪd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ənd wɛr ˈmɪstər. trəmp wən baɪ ˈrɛlətɪvli θɪn ˈmɑrʤənz.

(ap goldman) jeff waves an american flag during a rally protesting the annual convention in atlanta on april 29, 2017. we are in the midst of what many pundits call the “trump era,” but in fact most americans neither like nor agree with president trump, as election results strongly suggest. since june, job approval ratings have hovered between 33 percent and 40 percent, according to the gallup poll. this is lower than any other approval rating at this point in his presidency. nine months into the “trump era”, 65 percent of americans say he has accomplished “not much” or “little or nothing,” according to a washington news survey. a national poll conducted in october asked americans to name the first word that comes to mind when they think of trump. the most popular words were “strong,” “determined,” and “bold,” followed closely by “arrogant,” “egocentric,” and “narcissist.” the next most popular words were “incompetent” and “unqualified,” with “idiotic,” “ignorant,” and “great” not far behind. these positive and on outsized personality, not his policy ideas. but when it comes to key policy areas, polls show that a vast majority of americans also depart from trump by leaning left. that lean generally reflected in americans’ self-designations, nor is ideological consistency a notable american trait. a new pew survey found that about one-third of americans hold both liberal and conservative views, depending on the specific issue. another pew report divides americans into nine categories based on their political and social views, from core conservatives (13 percent) to solid liberals (16 percent). but even those on the extreme right and left ends of the spectrum share some views in common. since inauguration in january, much attention has focused on how his racist rhetoric toward immigrants and muslims, disdain for the rule of law, and hostility toward the free press have polluted the public discourse and given legitimacy to hate groups associated with the “alt-right.” but the focus on division and bigotry can obscure views that most americans share, especially when it comes to such matters as economic fairness, protecting the environment, and the drift toward plutocracy. the vast majority of americans are liberal or progressive when it comes to these matters. even some trump supporters, republicans, and people who call themselves “conservatives” have liberal views on many topics. americans are generally upset with widening inequality, the political influence of big business, and declining living standards. public opinion is generally favorable toward greater government activism to address these and other problems, like climate change and health care. most americans worry that government has been captured by the powerful and wealthy. they want a government that serves the common good. they also want to reform government to make it more responsive and accountable. the figures cited below come from surveys conducted by gallup, pew, and other reputable polling organizations on the key issues facing the nation. these are the most recent national polls on each topic. most of them are from the past year, although a few go back further. each poll is so readers can look at the original sources. the economy 82 percent of americans think wealthy people have too much power and influence in washington. 69 percent think large businesses have too much power and influence in washington. 59 72 percent of likely wall street has too much power and influence in washington. 78 percent of likely voters support stronger rules and enforcement on the financial industry. 65 percent of americans think our economic system “unfairly favors powerful interests.” 59 percent of 43 percent of corporations make “too much profit.” inequality 82 percent of americans think economic inequality is a “very big” (48 percent) or “moderately big” (34 percent) problem. even 69 percent of republicans share this view. 66 percent of americans think money and wealth should be distributed more evenly. 72 percent of americans say it is “extremely” or “very” important, and 23 percent say it is “somewhat important,” to reduce poverty. 59 percent of registered 51 percent of raising the maximum amount that workers can make and still be eligible for the earned income tax credit, from $14,820 to $18,000. money in politics 96 percent of 96 percent of money in politics is to blame for the dysfunction of the u.s. political system. 84 percent of 80 percent of money has too much influence in politics. 78 percent of americans say we need sweeping new laws to reduce the influence of money in politics. 73 percent of registered voters have an unfavorable opinion of the supreme citizens united decision. taxes 80 percent of americans think some corporations pay their fair share of taxes. 78 percent think some wealthy people pay their fair share of taxes. 76 percent believe the wealthiest americans should pay higher taxes. 60 percent of registered voters believe corporations pay too little in taxes. 87 percent of americans say it is critical to preserve social security, even if it means increasing social security taxes paid by wealthy americans. 67 percent of americans support lifting the cap to require workers to pay social security taxes on all of their wages. minimum wage 66 percent of americans favor raising the federal minimum wage to $10.10 an hour. 59 percent favor raising the federal minimum wage to $12 an hour. 48 percent support raising the national minimum wage to $15 an hour. (a survey of registered voters found that 54 percent favored a $15 minimum wage.) 63 percent of registered voters think the minimum wage should be adjusted each year by the rate of inflation. workers’ rights 61 percent of 42 percent of of labor unions. 74 percent of registered 71 percent of requiring employers to offer paid parental and medical leave. 78 percent of likely voters favor establishing a national fund that offers all workers 12 weeks of paid family and medical leave. health care 60 percent of americans believe “it is the federal responsibility to make sure all americans have healthcare coverage.” 60 percent of registered voters favor “expanding medicare to provide health insurance to every american.” 58 percent of the public favors replacing with “a federally funded healthcare program providing insurance for all americans.” 64 percent of registered voters favor their state accepting the plan for expanding medicaid in their state. education 63 percent of registered 47 percent of americans favor making four-year public colleges and universities tuition-free. 59 percent of americans favor free education. climate change and the environment 76 percent of voters are “very concerned” or “somewhat concerned” about climate change. 68 percent of voters think it is possible to protect the environment and protect jobs. 72 percent of voters think it is a “bad idea” to cut funding for scientific research on the environment and climate change. 59 percent of voters say more needs to be done to address climate change. gun safety 84 percent of americans support requiring background checks for all gun buyers. 77 percent of gun owners support requiring background checks for all gun buyers. criminal justice 57 percent of americans believe police officers generally treat blacks and other minorities differently than they treat whites. 60 percent of americans believe the recent killings of black men by police are part of a broader pattern of how police treat black americans (compared with 39 percent who believe they are isolated incidents). immigration 68 percent of 48 percent of the openness to people from around the world “is essential to who we are as a nation.” just 29 percent say that “if america is too open to people from all over the world, we risk losing our identity as a nation.” 65 percent of 42 percent of immigrants strengthen the country “because of their hard work and talents.” just 26 percent say immigrants are a burden “because they take our jobs, housing and health care.” 64 percent of americans think an increasing number of people from different races, ethnic groups, and nationalities makes the country a better place to live. only 5 percent say it makes the united states a worse place to live, and 29 percent say it makes no difference. 76 percent of registered 69 percent of allowing undocumented immigrants brought to the country as children (dreamers) to stay in the country. 58 percent think dreamers should be allowed to stay and become citizens if they meet certain requirements. another 18 percent think they should be allowed to stay and become legal residents, but not citizens. only 15 percent think they should be removed or deported from the country. abortion and health 58 percent of americans believe that abortion should be legal in all or most cases. 68 percent of 54 percent of the requirement for private health insurance plans to cover the full cost of birth control. same-sex marriage 62 percent of 70 percent of independents and 40 percent of same-sex marriage. 74 percent of (born after 1981) support same-sex marriage. all this should be good news for democrats. although public opinion on these issues varies by geography, many voters in states and house districts share these liberal and progressive views. of course, public opinion on its own translate into public policy. it has to be mobilized. for example, a vast majority of even a majority of gun background checks for gun purchasers. but the national rifle association, of which only 5 percent of all gun owners are members, is better organized, and more passionate and vocal, than the supporters of background checks. these survey findings should compel democrats running for congress and governor next year, and for president in 2020, to promote a bolder progressive policy agenda. to have credibility with voters, democratic candidates be close to wall street. and candidates must be able to explain how these policy ideas translate into improving voters’ lives. democratic candidates will need to draw a sharp contrast between their views and their opponents’, linking them with the unpopular trump. few americans call themselves “progressive,” or think they share similar views with citizens of social democracies like canada, denmark, and germany. but on most major issues, americans lean left. although trump, the corporate plutocracy, and the so-called may think otherwise, the united states is a more decent and democratic society than we give it credit for.

(ˌeɪˈpi ˈgoʊldmən) ʤɛf weɪvz ən əˈmɛrɪkən flæg ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈræli ˈproʊˌtɛstɪŋ ðə ˈænjuəl kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn æˈtlæntə ɔn ˈeɪprəl 29 2017 wi ər ɪn ðə mɪst əv wət ˈmɛni ˈpəndɪts kɔl ðə era,”*,” bət ɪn fækt moʊst əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈniðər laɪk nɔr əˈgri wɪθ ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp, ɛz ɪˈlɛkʃən rɪˈzəlts ˈstrɔŋli səˈʤɛst. sɪns ʤun, ʤɑb əˈpruvəl ˈreɪtɪŋz hæv ˈhəvərd bɪtˈwin 33 pərˈsɛnt ənd 40 pərˈsɛnt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈgæləp poʊl. ðɪs ɪz loʊər ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər əˈpruvəl ˈreɪtɪŋ æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪn hɪz ˈprɛzɪdənsi. naɪn mənθs ˈɪntu ðə era”*”, 65 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz seɪ hi həz əˈkɑmplɪʃt much”*” ər ər nothing,”*,” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən nuz ˈsərˌveɪ. ə ˈnæʃənəl poʊl kənˈdəktəd ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər æst əˈmɛrɪkənz tɪ neɪm ðə fərst wərd ðət kəmz tɪ maɪnd wɪn ðeɪ θɪŋk əv trəmp. ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr wərdz wər ““strong,”*,” ““determined,”*,” ənd ““bold,”*,” ˈfɑloʊd ˈkloʊsli baɪ ““arrogant,”*,” ““egocentric,”*,” ənd ““narcissist.”*.” ðə nɛkst moʊst ˈpɑpjələr wərdz wər ““incompetent”*” ənd ““unqualified,”*,” wɪθ ““idiotic,”*,” ““ignorant,”*,” ənd ““great”*” nɑt fɑr bɪˈhaɪnd. ðiz ˈpɑzətɪv ənd ɔn ˈaʊtˌsaɪzd ˌpərsəˈnælɪti, nɑt hɪz ˈpɑləsi aɪˈdiəz. bət wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ki ˈpɑləsi ˈɛriəz, poʊlz ʃoʊ ðət ə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈpɑrt frəm trəmp baɪ ˈlinɪŋ lɛft. ðət lin ˈʤɛnərəli rɪˈflɛktɪd ɪn americans’*’ self-designations*, nɔr ɪz ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl kənˈsɪstənsi ə ˈnoʊtəbəl əˈmɛrɪkən treɪt. ə nu pju ˈsərˌveɪ faʊnd ðət əˈbaʊt ˌwənˈθərd əv əˈmɛrɪkənz hoʊld boʊθ ˈlɪˌbərəl ənd kənˈsərvətɪv vjuz, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɪʃu. əˈnəðər pju rɪˈpɔrt dɪˈvaɪdz əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈɪntu naɪn ˈkætəˌgɔriz beɪst ɔn ðɛr pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈsoʊʃəl vjuz, frəm kɔr kənˈsərvətɪvz 13 pərˈsɛnt) tɪ ˈsɑləd ˈlɪˌbərəlz 16 pərˈsɛnt). bət ˈivɪn ðoʊz ɔn ðə ɪkˈstrim raɪt ənd lɛft ɛndz əv ðə ˈspɛktrəm ʃɛr səm vjuz ɪn ˈkɑmən. sɪns ˌɪˌnɔgjəˈreɪʃən ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, məʧ əˈtɛnʃən həz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn haʊ hɪz ˈreɪsɪst ˈrɛtərɪk təˈwɔrd ˈɪməgrənts ənd ˈməzlɪmz, dɪsˈdeɪn fər ðə rul əv lɔ, ənd hɑˈstɪləti təˈwɔrd ðə fri prɛs hæv pəˈlutɪd ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈdɪskɔrs ənd ˈgɪvɪn lɪˈʤɪtəməsi tɪ heɪt grups əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ““alt-right.”*.” bət ðə ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn dɪˈvɪʒən ənd ˈbɪgətri kən əbˈskjʊr vjuz ðət moʊst əˈmɛrɪkənz ʃɛr, əˈspɛʃəli wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ səʧ ˈmætərz ɛz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈfɛrnəs, prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, ənd ðə drɪft təˈwɔrd plutocracy*. ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ər ˈlɪˌbərəl ər prəˈgrɛsɪv wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðiz ˈmætərz. ˈivɪn səm trəmp səˈpɔrtərz, rɪˈpəblɪkənz, ənd ˈpipəl hu kɔl ðɛmˈsɛlvz ““conservatives”*” hæv ˈlɪˌbərəl vjuz ɔn ˈmɛni ˈtɑpɪks. əˈmɛrɪkənz ər ˈʤɛnərəli ˈəpˌsɛt wɪθ ˈwaɪdənɪŋ ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti, ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɪnfluəns əv bɪg ˈbɪznɪs, ənd dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈstændərdz. ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪnjən ɪz ˈʤɛnərəli ˈfeɪvərəbəl təˈwɔrd ˈgreɪtər ˈgəvərnmənt ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðiz ənd ˈəðər ˈprɑbləmz, laɪk ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ənd hɛlθ kɛr. moʊst əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈwəri ðət ˈgəvərnmənt həz bɪn ˈkæpʧərd baɪ ðə ˈpaʊərfəl ənd ˈwɛlθi. ðeɪ wɔnt ə ˈgəvərnmənt ðət sərvz ðə ˈkɑmən gʊd. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ wɔnt tɪ rɪˈfɔrm ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ meɪk ɪt mɔr rɪˈspɑnsɪv ənd əˈkaʊntəbəl. ðə ˈfɪgjərz ˈsaɪtɪd bɪˈloʊ kəm frəm ˈsərˌveɪz kənˈdəktəd baɪ ˈgæləp, pju, ənd ˈəðər ˈrɛpjətəbəl ˈpoʊlɪŋ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ɔn ðə ki ˈɪʃuz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə ˈneɪʃən. ðiz ər ðə moʊst ˈrisənt ˈnæʃənəl poʊlz ɔn iʧ ˈtɑpɪk. moʊst əv ðɛm ər frəm ðə pæst jɪr, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ə fju goʊ bæk ˈfərðər. iʧ poʊl ɪz soʊ ˈridərz kən lʊk æt ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈsɔrsəz. ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi 82 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz θɪŋk ˈwɛlθi ˈpipəl hæv tu məʧ paʊər ənd ˈɪnfluəns ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. 69 pərˈsɛnt θɪŋk lɑrʤ ˈbɪznɪsɪz hæv tu məʧ paʊər ənd ˈɪnfluəns ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. 59 72 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈlaɪkli wɔl strit həz tu məʧ paʊər ənd ˈɪnfluəns ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. 78 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈlaɪkli ˈvoʊtərz səˈpɔrt ˈstrɔŋgər rulz ənd ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ɔn ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɪndəstri. 65 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz θɪŋk ɑr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈsɪstəm ˈfeɪvərz ˈpaʊərfəl interests.”*.” 59 pərˈsɛnt əv 43 pərˈsɛnt əv ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz meɪk məʧ profit.”*.” ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti 82 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz θɪŋk ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ɪz ə big”*” 48 pərˈsɛnt) ər big”*” 34 pərˈsɛnt) ˈprɑbləm. ˈivɪn 69 pərˈsɛnt əv rɪˈpəblɪkənz ʃɛr ðɪs vju. 66 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz θɪŋk ˈməni ənd wɛlθ ʃʊd bi dɪˈstrɪbjətəd mɔr ˈivənli. 72 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz seɪ ɪt ɪz ““extremely”*” ər ““very”*” ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, ənd 23 pərˈsɛnt seɪ ɪt ɪz important,”*,” tɪ rɪˈdus ˈpɑvərti. 59 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛʤɪstərd 51 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə ˈmæksəməm əˈmaʊnt ðət ˈwərkərz kən meɪk ənd stɪl bi ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər ðə ərnd ˈɪnˌkəm tæks ˈkrɛdɪt, frəm tɪ ˈməni ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks 96 pərˈsɛnt əv 96 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈməni ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks ɪz tɪ bleɪm fər ðə dɪsˈfəŋkʃən əv ðə juz. pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsɪstəm. 84 pərˈsɛnt əv 80 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈməni həz tu məʧ ˈɪnfluəns ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks. 78 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz seɪ wi nid sˈwipɪŋ nu lɔz tɪ rɪˈdus ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ˈməni ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks. 73 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈvoʊtərz hæv ən ˌənˈfeɪvərəbəl əˈpɪnjən əv ðə səˈprim ˈsɪtɪzənz juˈnaɪtɪd dɪˈsɪʒən. ˈtæksɪz 80 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz θɪŋk səm ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz peɪ ðɛr fɛr ʃɛr əv ˈtæksɪz. 78 pərˈsɛnt θɪŋk səm ˈwɛlθi ˈpipəl peɪ ðɛr fɛr ʃɛr əv ˈtæksɪz. 76 pərˈsɛnt bɪˈliv ðə ˈwɛlθiəst əˈmɛrɪkənz ʃʊd peɪ haɪər ˈtæksɪz. 60 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈvoʊtərz bɪˈliv ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz peɪ tu ˈlɪtəl ɪn ˈtæksɪz. 87 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz seɪ ɪt ɪz ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ prɪˈzərv ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti, ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt minz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈtæksɪz peɪd baɪ ˈwɛlθi əˈmɛrɪkənz. 67 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz səˈpɔrt ˈlɪftɪŋ ðə kæp tɪ ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈwərkərz tɪ peɪ ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈtæksɪz ɔn ɔl əv ðɛr ˈweɪʤɪz. ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ 66 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈfeɪvər ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ tɪ ən aʊər. 59 pərˈsɛnt ˈfeɪvər ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ tɪ 12 ən aʊər. 48 pərˈsɛnt səˈpɔrt ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ tɪ 15 ən aʊər. (ə ˈsərˌveɪ əv ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈvoʊtərz faʊnd ðət 54 pərˈsɛnt ˈfeɪvərd ə 15 ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ.) 63 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈvoʊtərz θɪŋk ðə ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ ʃʊd bi əˈʤəstɪd iʧ jɪr baɪ ðə reɪt əv ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən. workers’*’ raɪts 61 pərˈsɛnt əv 42 pərˈsɛnt əv əv ˈleɪbər ˈjunjənz. 74 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛʤɪstərd 71 pərˈsɛnt əv rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪərz tɪ ˈɔfər peɪd pərˈɛntəl ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl liv. 78 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈlaɪkli ˈvoʊtərz ˈfeɪvər ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ə ˈnæʃənəl fənd ðət ˈɔfərz ɔl ˈwərkərz 12 wiks əv peɪd ˈfæməli ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl liv. hɛlθ kɛr 60 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz bɪˈliv ɪz ðə ˈfɛdərəl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ɔl əˈmɛrɪkənz hæv ˈhɛlθˌkɛr coverage.”*.” 60 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈvoʊtərz ˈfeɪvər ˈmɛdəˌkɛr tɪ prəˈvaɪd hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns tɪ ˈɛvəri american.”*.” 58 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈfeɪvərz rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ wɪθ ˈfɛdərəli ˈfəndɪd ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ˈproʊˌgræm prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns fər ɔl americans.”*.” 64 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈvoʊtərz ˈfeɪvər ðɛr steɪt əkˈsɛptɪŋ ðə plæn fər ɪkˈspændɪŋ ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ɪn ðɛr steɪt. ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən 63 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛʤɪstərd 47 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈfeɪvər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌfɔˈrjɪr ˈpəblɪk ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz tuition-free*. 59 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈfeɪvər fri ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ənd ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt 76 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈvoʊtərz ər concerned”*” ər concerned”*” əˈbaʊt ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. 68 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈvoʊtərz θɪŋk ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ənd prəˈtɛkt ʤɑbz. 72 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈvoʊtərz θɪŋk ɪt ɪz ə idea”*” tɪ kət ˈfəndɪŋ fər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈrisərʧ ɔn ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ənd ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. 59 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈvoʊtərz seɪ mɔr nidz tɪ bi dən tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. gən ˈseɪfti 84 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz səˈpɔrt rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛks fər ɔl gən baɪərz. 77 pərˈsɛnt əv gən ˈoʊnərz səˈpɔrt rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛks fər ɔl gən baɪərz. ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs 57 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz bɪˈliv pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz ˈʤɛnərəli trit blæks ənd ˈəðər məˈnɔrətiz ˈdɪfərˈɛntli ðən ðeɪ trit waɪts. 60 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz bɪˈliv ðə ˈrisənt ˈkɪlɪŋz əv blæk mɛn baɪ pəˈlis ər pɑrt əv ə ˈbrɔdər ˈpætərn əv haʊ pəˈlis trit blæk əˈmɛrɪkənz (kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ 39 pərˈsɛnt hu bɪˈliv ðeɪ ər ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ˈɪnsədənts). ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən 68 pərˈsɛnt əv 48 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈoʊpənəs tɪ ˈpipəl frəm əraʊnd ðə wərld ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ hu wi ər ɛz ə nation.”*.” ʤɪst 29 pərˈsɛnt seɪ ðət əˈmɛrɪkə ɪz tu ˈoʊpən tɪ ˈpipəl frəm ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld, wi rɪsk ˈluzɪŋ ɑr aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɛz ə nation.”*.” 65 pərˈsɛnt əv 42 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈɪməgrənts ˈstrɛŋθən ðə ˈkəntri əv ðɛr hɑrd wərk ənd talents.”*.” ʤɪst 26 pərˈsɛnt seɪ ˈɪməgrənts ər ə ˈbərdən ðeɪ teɪk ɑr ʤɑbz, ˈhaʊzɪŋ ənd hɛlθ care.”*.” 64 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz θɪŋk ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl frəm ˈdɪfərənt ˈreɪsɪz, ˈɛθnɪk grups, ənd ˌnæʃəˈnælɪtiz meɪks ðə ˈkəntri ə ˈbɛtər pleɪs tɪ lɪv. ˈoʊnli 5 pərˈsɛnt seɪ ɪt meɪks ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ə wərs pleɪs tɪ lɪv, ənd 29 pərˈsɛnt seɪ ɪt meɪks noʊ ˈdɪfərəns. 76 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛʤɪstərd 69 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈlaʊɪŋ ənˈdɑkjəmɛnɪd ˈɪməgrənts brɔt tɪ ðə ˈkəntri ɛz ˈʧɪldrən (ˈdrimərz) tɪ steɪ ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. 58 pərˈsɛnt θɪŋk ˈdrimərz ʃʊd bi əˈlaʊd tɪ steɪ ənd bɪˈkəm ˈsɪtɪzənz ɪf ðeɪ mit ˈsərtən rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. əˈnəðər 18 pərˈsɛnt θɪŋk ðeɪ ʃʊd bi əˈlaʊd tɪ steɪ ənd bɪˈkəm ˈligəl ˈrɛzɪdənts, bət nɑt ˈsɪtɪzənz. ˈoʊnli 15 pərˈsɛnt θɪŋk ðeɪ ʃʊd bi riˈmuvd ər dɪˈpɔrtəd frəm ðə ˈkəntri. əˈbɔrʃən ənd hɛlθ 58 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz bɪˈliv ðət əˈbɔrʃən ʃʊd bi ˈligəl ɪn ɔl ər moʊst ˈkeɪsɪz. 68 pərˈsɛnt əv 54 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt fər ˈpraɪvət hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns plænz tɪ ˈkəvər ðə fʊl kɔst əv bərθ kənˈtroʊl. ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤ 62 pərˈsɛnt əv 70 pərˈsɛnt əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts ənd 40 pərˈsɛnt əv ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤ. 74 pərˈsɛnt əv (bɔrn ˈæftər 1981 səˈpɔrt ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤ. ɔl ðɪs ʃʊd bi gʊd nuz fər ˈdɛməˌkræts. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪnjən ɔn ðiz ˈɪʃuz ˈvɛriz baɪ ʤiˈɑgrəfi, ˈmɛni ˈvoʊtərz ɪn steɪts ənd haʊs ˈdɪstrɪkts ʃɛr ðiz ˈlɪˌbərəl ənd prəˈgrɛsɪv vjuz. əv kɔrs, ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪnjən ɔn ɪts oʊn trænzˈleɪt ˈɪntu ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi. ɪt həz tɪ bi ˈmoʊbəˌlaɪzd. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈivɪn ə məˈʤɔrəti əv gən ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛks fər gən ˈpərʧəsərz. bət ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈraɪfəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, əv wɪʧ ˈoʊnli 5 pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl gən ˈoʊnərz ər ˈmɛmbərz, ɪz ˈbɛtər ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd, ənd mɔr ˈpæʃənət ənd ˈvoʊkəl, ðən ðə səˈpɔrtərz əv ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛks. ðiz ˈsərˌveɪ ˈfaɪndɪŋz ʃʊd kəmˈpɛl ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈrənɪŋ fər ˈkɑŋgrəs ənd ˈgəvərnər nɛkst jɪr, ənd fər ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪn 2020 tɪ prəˈmoʊt ə ˈboʊldər prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈpɑləsi əˈʤɛndə. tɪ hæv ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti wɪθ ˈvoʊtərz, ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkænədɪts bi kloʊz tɪ wɔl strit. ənd ˈkænədɪts məst bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn haʊ ðiz ˈpɑləsi aɪˈdiəz trænzˈleɪt ˈɪntu ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ voters’*’ lɪvz. ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkænədɪts wɪl nid tɪ drɔ ə ʃɑrp ˈkɑntræst bɪtˈwin ðɛr vjuz ənd ðɛr opponents’*’, ˈlɪŋkɪŋ ðɛm wɪθ ðə ˌənˈpɑpjələr trəmp. fju əˈmɛrɪkənz kɔl ðɛmˈsɛlvz ““progressive,”*,” ər θɪŋk ðeɪ ʃɛr ˈsɪmələr vjuz wɪθ ˈsɪtɪzənz əv ˈsoʊʃəl dɪˈmɑkrəsiz laɪk ˈkænədə, ˈdɛnˌmɑrk, ənd ˈʤərməni. bət ɔn moʊst ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪʃuz, əˈmɛrɪkənz lin lɛft. ˌɔlˈðoʊ trəmp, ðə ˈkɔrpərət plutocracy*, ənd ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld meɪ θɪŋk ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz ə mɔr ˈdisənt ənd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk soʊˈsaɪɪti ðən wi gɪv ɪt ˈkrɛdɪt fər.

the world has gone cuckoo for cold brew and let us tell you, we blame them. first a disclaimer: making cold brew is not simple. it takes a long time (12-24 hours, to be exact) and can be a bit of a mess. which is why we try to make it easy on with stubbies, growlers, and cans, oh my. but if a diy-er, big batch cold brew at home is as delicious as the summer day is long. we sell the cold brewer online so we are obviously fans, but we decided to do a of several options on the market and see how it fares against our home team favorite. for the, we brewed up our house blend, a great choice for cold brewing, and brewed each method according to the directions in the box. the next day we did a blind taste test to find our favorites. we looked for things like ease of brewing and clean-up, functionality of brewer and most importantly, the resulting flavor and profile of the brewed coffee.

ðə wərld həz gɔn ˈkəˌku fər koʊld bru ənd lɛt ˈjuˈɛs tɛl ju, wi bleɪm ðɛm. fərst ə dɪˈskleɪmər: ˈmeɪkɪŋ koʊld bru ɪz nɑt ˈsɪmpəl. ɪt teɪks ə lɔŋ taɪm aʊərz, tɪ bi ɪgˈzækt) ənd kən bi ə bɪt əv ə mɛs. wɪʧ ɪz waɪ wi traɪ tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈizi ɔn wɪθ stubbies*, growlers*, ənd kænz, oʊ maɪ. bət ɪf ə diy-er*, bɪg bæʧ koʊld bru æt hoʊm ɪz ɛz dɪˈlɪʃəs ɛz ðə ˈsəmər deɪ ɪz lɔŋ. wi sɛl ðə koʊld bruər ˈɔnˌlaɪn soʊ wi ər ˈɑbviəsli fænz, bət wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ du ə əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈɔpʃənz ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ənd si haʊ ɪt fɛrz əˈgɛnst ɑr hoʊm tim ˈfeɪvərɪt. fər ðə, wi brud əp ɑr haʊs blɛnd, ə greɪt ʧɔɪs fər koʊld bruɪŋ, ənd brud iʧ ˈmɛθəd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz ɪn ðə bɑks. ðə nɛkst deɪ wi dɪd ə blaɪnd teɪst tɛst tɪ faɪnd ɑr ˈfeɪvərɪts. wi lʊkt fər θɪŋz laɪk iz əv bruɪŋ ənd clean-up*, ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti əv bruər ənd moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ ˈfleɪvər ənd ˈproʊˌfaɪl əv ðə brud ˈkɔfi.

a pictorial look at the career of city's latest recruit an italian international, federico joined the manchester united youth set-up from in 2007, going on to top the scoring charts in his first season at old trafford, netting 12 goals in 21 appearances. a man whose experience defies his tender years, burst onto the scene as a as he came off the bench against aston villa in 2009. down at the time, cristiano grabbed an for united before the italian curled home a debut goal in stoppage time to win the match for sir alex title challenging side. macheda continued to feature in the united squad that season, scoring his second goal for the club against sunderland just 46 seconds after taking the field to replace before being rewarded with his first barclays premier league start for united against that season. it was a remarkable breakthrough campaign that saw him named the jimmy murphy academy player of the year, an award also won by mats dæhli, in recognition of his rise to the senior set-up at old trafford. a champions league debut against moscow followed the next season before injury started to hinder his progress in establishing himself as a united regular. he returned to score in a clash against chelsea later in that season, with his fourth goal for united coming the following year against aston villa. the following few years saw him look to impress away from old trafford as he undertook a series of loan spells away from the club. 2011 saw him return to his native italy for a spell with before saw him have stints at queens park rangers and stuttgart. it was campaign that saw ‘kiko’ enjoy his most fruitful spell away from his parent club, first scoring three goals in two stints at championship rovers before aiding birmingham push for survival with ten goals in 18 appearances for lee side. watch an exclusive first interview with federico on cardiff city player now. for a teaser, watch the youtube video below.

ə pɪkˈtɔriəl lʊk æt ðə kərɪr əv ˈsɪtiz ˈleɪtəst rɪˈkrut ən ˌɪˈtæljən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl, fɛdərˈikoʊ ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈmænˌʧɛstər juˈnaɪtɪd juθ ˈsɛˌtəp frəm ɪn 2007 goʊɪŋ ɔn tɪ tɔp ðə ˈskɔrɪŋ ʧɑrts ɪn hɪz fərst ˈsizən æt oʊld ˈtræfərd, ˈnɛtɪŋ 12 goʊlz ɪn 21 əˈpɪrənsəz. ə mæn huz ɪkˈspɪriəns dɪˈfaɪz hɪz ˈtɛndər jɪrz, bərst ˈɔntu ðə sin ɛz ə ɛz hi keɪm ɔf ðə bɛnʧ əˈgɛnst ˈæstən ˈvɪlə ɪn 2009 daʊn æt ðə taɪm, kristiˈɑnoʊ græbd ən fər juˈnaɪtɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌɪˈtæljən kərld hoʊm ə ˈdeɪbju goʊl ɪn ˈstɑpɪʤ taɪm tɪ wɪn ðə mæʧ fər sər ˈæləks ˈtaɪtəl ˈʧælənʤɪŋ saɪd. kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ˈfiʧər ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd skwɑd ðət ˈsizən, ˈskɔrɪŋ hɪz ˈsɛkənd goʊl fər ðə kləb əˈgɛnst ˈsəndərlənd ʤɪst 46 ˈsɛkəndz ˈæftər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə fild tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ rɪˈwɔrdɪd wɪθ hɪz fərst ˈbɑrkliz prɛˈmɪr lig stɑrt fər juˈnaɪtɪd əˈgɛnst ðət ˈsizən. ɪt wɑz ə rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˈbreɪkθˌru kæmˈpeɪn ðət sɔ ɪm neɪmd ðə ˈʤɪmi ˈmərfi əˈkædəmi pleɪər əv ðə jɪr, ən əˈwɔrd ˈɔlsoʊ wən baɪ mæts dæhli*, ɪn ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən əv hɪz raɪz tɪ ðə ˈsinjər ˈsɛˌtəp æt oʊld ˈtræfərd. ə ˈʧæmpiənz lig ˈdeɪbju əˈgɛnst ˈmɔˌskaʊ ˈfɑloʊd ðə nɛkst ˈsizən ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɪnʤəri ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ ˈhɪndər hɪz ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈrɛgjələr. hi rɪˈtərnd tɪ skɔr ɪn ə klæʃ əˈgɛnst ˈʧɛlsi ˈleɪtər ɪn ðət ˈsizən, wɪθ hɪz fɔrθ goʊl fər juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkəmɪŋ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jɪr əˈgɛnst ˈæstən ˈvɪlə. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ fju jɪrz sɔ ɪm lʊk tɪ ˌɪmˈprɛs əˈweɪ frəm oʊld ˈtræfərd ɛz hi ˌəndərˈtʊk ə ˈsɪriz əv loʊn spɛlz əˈweɪ frəm ðə kləb. 2011 sɔ ɪm rɪˈtərn tɪ hɪz ˈneɪtɪv ˈɪtəli fər ə spɛl wɪθ ˌbiˈfɔr sɔ ɪm hæv stɪnts æt kwinz pɑrk ˈreɪnʤərz ənd ˈstətgərt. ɪt wɑz kæmˈpeɪn ðət sɔ ‘‘kiko’*’ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ hɪz moʊst ˈfrutfəl spɛl əˈweɪ frəm hɪz ˈpɛrənt kləb, fərst ˈskɔrɪŋ θri goʊlz ɪn tu stɪnts æt ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ˈroʊvərz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈeɪdɪŋ ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm pʊʃ fər sərˈvaɪvəl wɪθ tɛn goʊlz ɪn 18 əˈpɪrənsəz fər li saɪd. wɔʧ ən ɪkˈsklusɪv fərst ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ fɛdərˈikoʊ ɔn ˈkɑrdɪf ˈsɪti pleɪər naʊ. fər ə ˈtizər, wɔʧ ðə ˈjuˌtub ˈvɪdioʊ bɪˈloʊ.

i believe it takes a lot of strength to have faith, but there is something that takes even more strength. i was raised in the church of jesus christ of saints. at the age of 8 years old i was baptized into the church and confirmed as a member. i the most obedient, but for the most part i did what was expected of me. but then, at the age of 15 i began to question the doctrines that i had been taught since before i could even speak. i believed, as the church taught, that if i did what i was supposed to it would all be clear to me. i though that this doubt was coming from the devil. i believed that because i was dating when i have been, i let him into my life and allowed him to leave me astray. this doubt continued off and on for two years. after breaking up with my boyfriend, i was sure that i would gain clarity. i was doing what the lord wanted me to do, he would bless me with the truth. but this never came. i began to google what i had been taught all my life was “anti-mormon” but when i did so, i was plagued with guilt. i would read for five minutes, exit out and delete my browser history. i continued as if i read anything at all. i went to seminary, sacrament meeting, mutual, etc.. at this time in my life, guilt and confusion filled me. it until i left for school that i really started to look into what i had been taught my whole life. i visited and /r/exmormon. i read the letter. i stopped going to institute and sunday meetings. i started to realize that what i grew up believing, was a con. the guilt and confusion been feeling for the past 3 years floated away. that left room for anger, sadness, and worry. initially, i was furious. i was partially angry at myself for being fooled, but mostly at the church for fooling me and millions of others. i was devastated, i wanted so much to hold on to the church and its teachings. i wanted my dream of being married in the temple, because what girl want to be married inside of a castle? at first, it scared me to realize that everything i thought i knew about life, was now a mystery to me. but most of all i was, and still am, worried. i know have a huge weight on my shoulders that will not be lifted until i tell my family of my disaffection. there is no doubt in my mind that they will not understand. they will believe that i have left because i want to “be of the world” and that i just want to sin. they will view me as weak for not having the kind of strength that is required to look past the things that led me away. i blame them though… four years ago i would have thought the same thing. yes, i believe that having faith does require a lot of faith… but in my mind, greater strength lies in admitting that you may have been wrong. greater strength comes from leaving everything you were taught and accepting that maybe you know everything about life. my strength has come from figuring out what i believe, despite the disappointment i will cause my family. it easy to realize that you will never get to attend your siblings weddings, to know that there will always be a gap between you and your family. yes, these things are hard to accept, but i go back because for the first time in my life i can actually be myself.

aɪ bɪˈliv ɪt teɪks ə lɔt əv strɛŋθ tɪ hæv feɪθ, bət ðɛr ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət teɪks ˈivɪn mɔr strɛŋθ. aɪ wɑz reɪzd ɪn ðə ʧərʧ əv ˈʤizəs kraɪst əv seɪnts. æt ðə eɪʤ əv 8 jɪrz oʊld aɪ wɑz ˈbæpˌtaɪzd ˈɪntu ðə ʧərʧ ənd kənˈfərmd ɛz ə ˈmɛmbər. aɪ ðə moʊst oʊˈbidiənt, bət fər ðə moʊst pɑrt aɪ dɪd wət wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪd əv mi. bət ðɛn, æt ðə eɪʤ əv 15 aɪ bɪˈgæn tɪ kˈwɛʃən ðə ˈdɑktrənz ðət aɪ hæd bɪn tɔt sɪns ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ kʊd ˈivɪn spik. aɪ bɪˈlivd, ɛz ðə ʧərʧ tɔt, ðət ɪf aɪ dɪd wət aɪ wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ ɪt wʊd ɔl bi klɪr tɪ mi. aɪ ðoʊ ðət ðɪs daʊt wɑz ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ðə ˈdɛvəl. aɪ bɪˈlivd ðət bɪˈkəz aɪ wɑz ˈdeɪtɪŋ wɪn aɪ hæv bɪn, aɪ lɛt ɪm ˈɪntu maɪ laɪf ənd əˈlaʊd ɪm tɪ liv mi əˈstreɪ. ðɪs daʊt kənˈtɪnjud ɔf ənd ɔn fər tu jɪrz. ˈæftər ˈbreɪkɪŋ əp wɪθ maɪ ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd, aɪ wɑz ʃʊr ðət aɪ wʊd geɪn ˈklɛrɪti. aɪ wɑz duɪŋ wət ðə lɔrd ˈwɔntɪd mi tɪ du, hi wʊd blɛs mi wɪθ ðə truθ. bət ðɪs ˈnɛvər keɪm. aɪ bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈgugəl wət aɪ hæd bɪn tɔt ɔl maɪ laɪf wɑz ““anti-mormon”*” bət wɪn aɪ dɪd soʊ, aɪ wɑz pleɪgd wɪθ gɪlt. aɪ wʊd rɛd fər faɪv ˈmɪnəts, ˈɛksət aʊt ənd dɪˈlit maɪ ˈbraʊzər ˈhɪstəri. aɪ kənˈtɪnjud ɛz ɪf aɪ rɛd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ æt ɔl. aɪ wɛnt tɪ ˈsɛməˌnɛri, ˈsækrəmənt ˈmitɪŋ, mˈjuʧuəl, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.. æt ðɪs taɪm ɪn maɪ laɪf, gɪlt ənd kənfˈjuʒən fɪld mi. ɪt ənˈtɪl aɪ lɛft fər skul ðət aɪ ˈrɪli ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ lʊk ˈɪntu wət aɪ hæd bɪn tɔt maɪ hoʊl laɪf. aɪ ˈvɪzɪtɪd ənd /r/exmormon*. aɪ rɛd ðə ˈlɛtər. aɪ stɑpt goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈɪnstɪˌtut ənd ˈsənˌdi ˈmitɪŋz. aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət wət aɪ gru əp bɪˈlivɪŋ, wɑz ə kɑn. ðə gɪlt ənd kənfˈjuʒən bɪn ˈfilɪŋ fər ðə pæst 3 jɪrz ˈfloʊtɪd əˈweɪ. ðət lɛft rum fər ˈæŋgər, ˈsædnəs, ənd ˈwəri. ˌɪˈnɪʃəli, aɪ wɑz fˈjʊriəs. aɪ wɑz ˈpɑrʃəli ˈæŋgri æt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf fər biɪŋ fuld, bət ˈmoʊstli æt ðə ʧərʧ fər ˈfulɪŋ mi ənd ˈmɪljənz əv ˈəðərz. aɪ wɑz ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd, aɪ ˈwɔntɪd soʊ məʧ tɪ hoʊld ɔn tɪ ðə ʧərʧ ənd ɪts ˈtiʧɪŋz. aɪ ˈwɔntɪd maɪ drim əv biɪŋ ˈmɛrid ɪn ðə ˈtɛmpəl, bɪˈkəz wət gərl wɔnt tɪ bi ˈmɛrid ˌɪnˈsaɪd əv ə ˈkæsəl? æt fərst, ɪt skɛrd mi tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ aɪ θɔt aɪ nu əˈbaʊt laɪf, wɑz naʊ ə ˈmɪstəri tɪ mi. bət moʊst əv ɔl aɪ wɑz, ənd stɪl æm, ˈwərid. aɪ noʊ hæv ə juʤ weɪt ɔn maɪ ˈʃoʊldərz ðət wɪl nɑt bi ˈlɪftɪd ənˈtɪl aɪ tɛl maɪ ˈfæməli əv maɪ ˌdɪsəˈfɛkʃən. ðɛr ɪz noʊ daʊt ɪn maɪ maɪnd ðət ðeɪ wɪl nɑt ˌəndərˈstænd. ðeɪ wɪl bɪˈliv ðət aɪ hæv lɛft bɪˈkəz aɪ wɔnt tɪ əv ðə world”*” ənd ðət aɪ ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ sɪn. ðeɪ wɪl vju mi ɛz wik fər nɑt ˈhævɪŋ ðə kaɪnd əv strɛŋθ ðət ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ lʊk pæst ðə θɪŋz ðət lɛd mi əˈweɪ. aɪ bleɪm ðɛm though…*… fɔr jɪrz əˈgoʊ aɪ wʊd hæv θɔt ðə seɪm θɪŋ. jɛs, aɪ bɪˈliv ðət ˈhævɪŋ feɪθ dɪz ˌrikˈwaɪər ə lɔt əv faith…*… bət ɪn maɪ maɪnd, ˈgreɪtər strɛŋθ laɪz ɪn ədˈmɪtɪŋ ðət ju meɪ hæv bɪn rɔŋ. ˈgreɪtər strɛŋθ kəmz frəm ˈlivɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ju wər tɔt ənd əkˈsɛptɪŋ ðət ˈmeɪbi ju noʊ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt laɪf. maɪ strɛŋθ həz kəm frəm ˈfɪgjərɪŋ aʊt wət aɪ bɪˈliv, dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt aɪ wɪl kɔz maɪ ˈfæməli. ɪt ˈizi tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ju wɪl ˈnɛvər gɪt tɪ əˈtɛnd jʊr ˈsɪblɪŋz ˈwɛdɪŋz, tɪ noʊ ðət ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ə gæp bɪtˈwin ju ənd jʊr ˈfæməli. jɛs, ðiz θɪŋz ər hɑrd tɪ əkˈsɛpt, bət aɪ goʊ bæk bɪˈkəz fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn maɪ laɪf aɪ kən ˈæˌkʧuəli bi ˌmaɪˈsɛlf.

i’m posting it here because mentioned it on google+ for the third time, today. it all started with zak posting about evolution. he lists some well known games and shows that each one of them offers some sort of long-term promise of change for players. his point: every session produces “changes in that session”, but the really successful games promise “a specific kind of change will occur over the long haul.” i definitely think that the promise of ever changing game play is what makes interesting. the reason this works, i think, is because the spells you gain simply scale. the game changes if you can be invisible and fly. the game changes when you can dimension door and teleport. the game changes when you can travel to the planes. outside of the specific rules, the tradition also encourages changes to the game when you reach name level and build a stronghold, and it changes once more when you start to forge alliances with and wage wars against neighbors. i think also one of the reasons that traveller can be boring. at least it hold a long-term appeal to me when i ran it. perhaps i should have imagined the long term changes to the game play (more and bigger ships, get involved in the war) instead of focusing on changes to the setting (in my campaign, small colonies were being resettled or exterminated by the players at the time i felt this was already a big step up). i feel like i should give traveller another try soon. i think when he wonders whether campaigns using relatively simple rules have a hard time maintaining a long term appeal. for example, i claim that the long list of spells with their non-linear progression of power create the long term changes over time. but what will you do in a simpler indie game? what will i do with my solar system game? over time, i can add more gifts (feats, stunts, powers), but really no promise that i will keep delivering. plus, if i do, have to invent it all myself. this is the key part: i have to come up with it myself and i need to foreshadow it, make sure my players know it, want it, work towards it. in, simple. a big monster manual full of critters in the book shelf. there is a big players guide full of spells right next to it. and a list of magic items hidden away somewhere. you want to fight all this crazy stuff? sit down at my table! the promise the game makes without me saying anything at all. all the players sitting down at my table knowing the game cannot be faulted for assuming that this is going to be a big part of the game. the solar system campaign running and the barbarians of campaigns playing in are awesome. had a dozen sessions in each of the campaigns. they have enough potential to last us at least half a dozen more. but i think because of the setting, the scope of the current plot, etc. what we have, as zak puts it, is a system that promising that “a specific kind of change will occur over the long haul.” the onus is on us, the table, to make this promise, to foreshadow it, to work towards it, etc. in other words, on us to foreshadow mechanical changes (new gifts, feats, schools of magic, spells) and new modes of play (land owning, castle building, plane hopping, politics) within the campaign. the system and the tradition around it do that like does. i like to play all these games. this is not a value judgement per se. but the above observation can help you make value judgements elsewhere. here’s an example that come across twice in recent days: people propose a change to the magic system; they want to make all the spells are available from the start. this is how spells work in harp: more powerful variants just cost more power points my second level mage, for example, has haste and fly as his two spells. using the above observation, i must assume that these proposals remove the distinct modes of play i like so much. any player character might have the necessary spells right from the start. as far as concerned and this is where the value judgement comes in these proposals are taking away something i liked. what are they going to give me instead? if the answer is “more flexibility” for my character, then i feel that this change worth it. it might work for others, but i fear it work for me. if i had wanted more flexibility i would have picked more flexible rules. something with skills and point buy instead of classes and random ability scores, for example. tags:

i’m* ˈpoʊstɪŋ ɪt hir bɪˈkəz ˈmɛnʃənd ɪt ɔn ˈgugəl+ fər ðə θərd taɪm, təˈdeɪ. ɪt ɔl ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ zæk ˈpoʊstɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˌɛvəˈluʃən. hi lɪsts səm wɛl noʊn geɪmz ənd ʃoʊz ðət iʧ wən əv ðɛm ˈɔfərz səm sɔrt əv ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈprɑməs əv ʧeɪnʤ fər pleɪərz. hɪz pɔɪnt: ˈɛvəri ˈsɛʃən prəˈdusɪz ɪn ðət session”*”, bət ðə ˈrɪli səkˈsɛsfəl geɪmz ˈprɑməs spɪˈsɪfɪk kaɪnd əv ʧeɪnʤ wɪl əˈkər ˈoʊvər ðə lɔŋ haul.”*.” aɪ ˈdɛfənətli θɪŋk ðət ðə ˈprɑməs əv ˈɛvər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ geɪm pleɪ ɪz wət meɪks ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ. ðə ˈrizən ðɪs wərks, aɪ θɪŋk, ɪz bɪˈkəz ðə spɛlz ju geɪn ˈsɪmpli skeɪl. ðə geɪm ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪf ju kən bi ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl ənd flaɪ. ðə geɪm ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɪn ju kən dɪˈmɛnʃən dɔr ənd ˈtɛləˈpɔrt. ðə geɪm ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɪn ju kən ˈtrævəl tɪ ðə pleɪnz. ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk rulz, ðə trəˈdɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ ɪnˈkərəʤəz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə geɪm wɪn ju riʧ neɪm ˈlɛvəl ənd bɪld ə ˈstrɔŋˌhoʊld, ənd ɪt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wəns mɔr wɪn ju stɑrt tɪ fɔrʤ əˈlaɪənsɪz wɪθ ənd weɪʤ wɔrz əˈgɛnst ˈneɪbərz. aɪ θɪŋk ˈɔlsoʊ wən əv ðə ˈrizənz ðət ˈtrævələr kən bi ˈbɔrɪŋ. æt list ɪt hoʊld ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm əˈpil tɪ mi wɪn aɪ ræn ɪt. pərˈhæps aɪ ʃʊd hæv ˌɪˈmæʤənd ðə lɔŋ tərm ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə geɪm pleɪ (mɔr ənd ˈbɪgər ʃɪps, gɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə wɔr) ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈsɛtɪŋ (ɪn maɪ kæmˈpeɪn, smɔl ˈkɑləniz wər biɪŋ riˈsɛtəld ər ɪkˈstərməˌneɪtɪd baɪ ðə pleɪərz æt ðə taɪm aɪ fɛlt ðɪs wɑz ɔˈrɛdi ə bɪg stɛp əp). aɪ fil laɪk aɪ ʃʊd gɪv ˈtrævələr əˈnəðər traɪ sun. aɪ θɪŋk wɪn hi ˈwəndərz ˈwɛðər kæmˈpeɪnz ˈjuzɪŋ ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈsɪmpəl rulz hæv ə hɑrd taɪm meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ə lɔŋ tərm əˈpil. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, aɪ kleɪm ðət ðə lɔŋ lɪst əv spɛlz wɪθ ðɛr nɑnˈlɪˌniər prəˈgrɛʃən əv paʊər kriˈeɪt ðə lɔŋ tərm ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈoʊvər taɪm. bət wət wɪl ju du ɪn ə ˈsɪmpələr ˈɪndi geɪm? wət wɪl aɪ du wɪθ maɪ ˈsoʊlər ˈsɪstəm geɪm? ˈoʊvər taɪm, aɪ kən æd mɔr gɪfts (fits, stənts, paʊərz), bət ˈrɪli noʊ ˈprɑməs ðət aɪ wɪl kip dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ. pləs, ɪf aɪ du, hæv tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛnt ɪt ɔl ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ðɪs ɪz ðə ki pɑrt: aɪ hæv tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ɪt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd aɪ nid tɪ fɔrˈʃædoʊ ɪt, meɪk ʃʊr maɪ pleɪərz noʊ ɪt, wɔnt ɪt, wərk təˈwɔrdz ɪt. ɪn, ˈsɪmpəl. ə bɪg ˈmɑnstər ˈmænjuəl fʊl əv ˈkrɪtərz ɪn ðə bʊk ʃɛlf. ðɛr ɪz ə bɪg pleɪərz gaɪd fʊl əv spɛlz raɪt nɛkst tɪ ɪt. ənd ə lɪst əv ˈmæʤɪk ˈaɪtəmz ˈhɪdən əˈweɪ ˈsəmˌwɛr. ju wɔnt tɪ faɪt ɔl ðɪs ˈkreɪzi stəf? sɪt daʊn æt maɪ ˈteɪbəl! ðə ˈprɑməs ðə geɪm meɪks wɪˈθaʊt mi seɪɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ æt ɔl. ɔl ðə pleɪərz ˈsɪtɪŋ daʊn æt maɪ ˈteɪbəl noʊɪŋ ðə geɪm ˈkænɑt bi ˈfɔltɪd fər əˈsumɪŋ ðət ðɪs ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə bɪg pɑrt əv ðə geɪm. ðə ˈsoʊlər ˈsɪstəm kæmˈpeɪn ˈrənɪŋ ənd ðə bɑrˈbɛriənz əv kæmˈpeɪnz pleɪɪŋ ɪn ər ˈɔsəm. hæd ə ˈdəzən ˈsɛʃənz ɪn iʧ əv ðə kæmˈpeɪnz. ðeɪ hæv ɪˈnəf pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ læst ˈjuˈɛs æt list hæf ə ˈdəzən mɔr. bət aɪ θɪŋk bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈsɛtɪŋ, ðə skoʊp əv ðə ˈkɑrənt plɑt, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. wət wi hæv, ɛz zæk pʊts ɪt, ɪz ə ˈsɪstəm ðət ˈprɑməsɪŋ ðət spɪˈsɪfɪk kaɪnd əv ʧeɪnʤ wɪl əˈkər ˈoʊvər ðə lɔŋ haul.”*.” ðə ˈoʊnəs ɪz ɔn ˈjuˈɛs, ðə ˈteɪbəl, tɪ meɪk ðɪs ˈprɑməs, tɪ fɔrˈʃædoʊ ɪt, tɪ wərk təˈwɔrdz ɪt, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ɔn ˈjuˈɛs tɪ fɔrˈʃædoʊ məˈkænɪkəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz (nu gɪfts, fits, skulz əv ˈmæʤɪk, spɛlz) ənd nu moʊdz əv pleɪ (lænd ˈoʊnɪŋ, ˈkæsəl ˈbɪldɪŋ, pleɪn ˈhɑpɪŋ, ˈpɑləˌtɪks) wɪˈθɪn ðə kæmˈpeɪn. ðə ˈsɪstəm ənd ðə trəˈdɪʃən əraʊnd ɪt du ðət laɪk dɪz. aɪ laɪk tɪ pleɪ ɔl ðiz geɪmz. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə ˈvælju ˈʤəʤmənt pər seɪ. bət ðə əˈbəv ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən kən hɛlp ju meɪk ˈvælju ˈʤəʤmənts ˈɛlsˌwɛr. ən ɪgˈzæmpəl ðət kəm əˈkrɔs twaɪs ɪn ˈrisənt deɪz: ˈpipəl prəˈpoʊz ə ʧeɪnʤ tɪ ðə ˈmæʤɪk ˈsɪstəm; ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ meɪk ɔl ðə spɛlz ər əˈveɪləbəl frəm ðə stɑrt. ðɪs ɪz haʊ spɛlz wərk ɪn hɑrp: mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl ˈvɛriənts ʤɪst kɔst mɔr paʊər pɔɪnts maɪ ˈsɛkənd ˈlɛvəl mage*, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, həz heɪst ənd flaɪ ɛz hɪz tu spɛlz. ˈjuzɪŋ ðə əˈbəv ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən, aɪ məst əˈsum ðət ðiz prəˈpoʊzəlz riˈmuv ðə dɪˈstɪŋkt moʊdz əv pleɪ aɪ laɪk soʊ məʧ. ˈɛni pleɪər ˈkɛrɪktər maɪt hæv ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri spɛlz raɪt frəm ðə stɑrt. ɛz fɑr ɛz kənˈsərnd ənd ðɪs ɪz wɛr ðə ˈvælju ˈʤəʤmənt kəmz ɪn ðiz prəˈpoʊzəlz ər ˈteɪkɪŋ əˈweɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ laɪkt. wət ər ðeɪ goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪv mi ˌɪnˈstɛd? ɪf ðə ˈænsər ɪz flexibility”*” fər maɪ ˈkɛrɪktər, ðɛn aɪ fil ðət ðɪs ʧeɪnʤ wərθ ɪt. ɪt maɪt wərk fər ˈəðərz, bət aɪ fɪr ɪt wərk fər mi. ɪf aɪ hæd ˈwɔntɪd mɔr ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti aɪ wʊd hæv pɪkt mɔr ˈflɛksəbəl rulz. ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪθ skɪlz ənd pɔɪnt baɪ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈklæsɪz ənd ˈrændəm əˈbɪləˌti skɔrz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. tægz:

in a recent interview, angela merkel made a statement that may be considered the signal for the implementation of the brutal greek experiment inside germany itself: i am concerned with trying to provide jobs for as many people as possible. we have improved in the last years and have managed to halve unemployment since 2006, but we have also made sure that minimum earning capacity has improved through the minimum wage. this means that people who work the full day should not be reliant on welfare. economist heiner explained to and the real news how much the german chancellor and her party is devoted to the 'ideology' of lowering wages in the name of job creation. as he said: what angela merkel says is an ideology. it's an ideology of her party, but also it's affecting the social democrats, that says if you go for a policy that reduces unemployment, this is the best kind of social policy that you can have. even if people suffer or if wages fall, this is then absolutely necessary and is justified because falling wages do a good thing, produce a good thing, namely more jobs, which is not true. unemployment is falling very slowly, but it's falling quite steadily, but it is not, so to say, the immediate result of the reduction of the social contributions to the poorer people or the reduction of the wages. it's mainly the result of germany's huge export surplus, which cannot be copied by other countries. germany has now a very low minimum wage. it's eight euros and a little bit, which is much too low given the productivity of germany. if madam merkel would really be realistic and would not have her ideology of low wages producing jobs, she would increase the minimum wage. there would be no problem at all given the very high german productivity. the social democrats and the green party were those in the beginning of the century who reduced the social contributions, who said we have to lower the contributions dramatically to make the people search for work and that will reduce unemployment. the social democrats have never distanced from their own mistakes and so there is no difference between the social democrats and the christian democrats on this. the most probable outcome will be a continuation of the grand coalition, so we will go on for the next four years. and the poor people will not change the outcome of the election because they are four or five million people and many of them will not even go to the election, so that will not change anything. flassbeck's remarks show that current german leadership actually continues to lower wages, not because this is a policy that helps towards the creation of jobs, but, essentially, because of its ideological devotion to the destructive neoliberalism. furthermore, check out again last sentence: "this means that people who work the full day should not be reliant on welfare." actually, merkel is showing the policy that her party, or coalition, is about to implement in case she will get elected for another term. next step according to the greek experiment: the destruction of the welfare state, which has a long tradition in germany. as already described , german oligarchs promote another "haircut" of multiple dimensions across europe. they proceed into a violent cut of salaries and pensions, trying to equalize them in a first phase with those of countries of the former eastern bloc, and the welfare state. federalism means however, that the same policies will be applied totally, and very soon, also against german citizens and workers. as rightly pointed out, the social democrats in power, or as leaders in a coalition with democrats will not make much difference. both these two parties in germany, and more or less in europe, have been occupied completely by the neoliberal doctrine. their single mission will be to federalize europe with the greek experiment as a pattern.

ɪn ə ˈrisənt ˈɪntərvˌju, ˈænʤələ ˈmərkəl meɪd ə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət meɪ bi kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˈsɪgnəl fər ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈbrutəl grik ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈʤərməni ˌɪtˈsɛlf: aɪ æm kənˈsərnd wɪθ traɪɪŋ tɪ prəˈvaɪd ʤɑbz fər ɛz ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. wi hæv ˌɪmˈpruvd ɪn ðə læst jɪrz ənd hæv ˈmænɪʤd tɪ hæv ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt sɪns 2006 bət wi hæv ˈɔlsoʊ meɪd ʃʊr ðət ˈmɪnəməm ˈərnɪŋ kəˈpæsɪti həz ˌɪmˈpruvd θru ðə ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ. ðɪs minz ðət ˈpipəl hu wərk ðə fʊl deɪ ʃʊd nɑt bi rɪˈlaɪənt ɔn ˈwɛlˌfɛr. ɪˈkɑnəmɪst ˈhaɪnər ɪkˈspleɪnd tɪ ənd ðə ril nuz haʊ məʧ ðə ˈʤərmən ˈʧænsələr ənd hər ˈpɑrti ɪz dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ðə 'ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi' əv loʊərɪŋ ˈweɪʤɪz ɪn ðə neɪm əv ʤɑb kriˈeɪʃən. ɛz hi sɛd: wət ˈænʤələ ˈmərkəl sɪz ɪz ən ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi. ɪts ən ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi əv hər ˈpɑrti, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɪts əˈfɛktɪŋ ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræts, ðət sɪz ɪf ju goʊ fər ə ˈpɑləsi ðət rɪˈdusɪz ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt, ðɪs ɪz ðə bɛst kaɪnd əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈpɑləsi ðət ju kən hæv. ˈivɪn ɪf ˈpipəl ˈsəfər ər ɪf ˈweɪʤɪz fɔl, ðɪs ɪz ðɛn ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ənd ɪz ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd bɪˈkəz ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈweɪʤɪz du ə gʊd θɪŋ, ˈproʊdus ə gʊd θɪŋ, ˈneɪmli mɔr ʤɑbz, wɪʧ ɪz nɑt tru. ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ɪz ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈvɛri sˈloʊli, bət ɪts ˈfɑlɪŋ kwaɪt ˈstɛdəli, bət ɪt ɪz nɑt, soʊ tɪ seɪ, ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət rɪˈzəlt əv ðə rɪˈdəkʃən əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz tɪ ðə ˈpurər ˈpipəl ər ðə rɪˈdəkʃən əv ðə ˈweɪʤɪz. ɪts ˈmeɪnli ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈʤərməniz juʤ ˈɛkspɔrt ˈsərpləs, wɪʧ ˈkænɑt bi ˈkɑpid baɪ ˈəðər ˈkəntriz. ˈʤərməni həz naʊ ə ˈvɛri loʊ ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ. ɪts eɪt ˈjuˌroʊz ənd ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt, wɪʧ ɪz məʧ tu loʊ ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti əv ˈʤərməni. ɪf ˈmædəm ˈmərkəl wʊd ˈrɪli bi ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ənd wʊd nɑt hæv hər ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi əv loʊ ˈweɪʤɪz prəˈdusɪŋ ʤɑbz, ʃi wʊd ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ. ðɛr wʊd bi noʊ ˈprɑbləm æt ɔl ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈvɛri haɪ ˈʤərmən ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti. ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræts ənd ðə grin ˈpɑrti wər ðoʊz ɪn ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri hu rɪˈdust ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz, hu sɛd wi hæv tɪ loʊər ðə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz drəˈmætɪkəli tɪ meɪk ðə ˈpipəl sərʧ fər wərk ənd ðət wɪl rɪˈdus ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt. ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræts hæv ˈnɛvər ˈdɪstənst frəm ðɛr oʊn mɪˈsteɪks ənd soʊ ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræts ənd ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈdɛməˌkræts ɔn ðɪs. ðə moʊst ˈprɑbəbəl ˈaʊtˌkəm wɪl bi ə kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən əv ðə grænd ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən, soʊ wi wɪl goʊ ɔn fər ðə nɛkst fɔr jɪrz. ənd ðə pur ˈpipəl wɪl nɑt ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər fɔr ər faɪv ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl ənd ˈmɛni əv ðɛm wɪl nɑt ˈivɪn goʊ tɪ ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən, soʊ ðət wɪl nɑt ʧeɪnʤ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. rɪˈmɑrks ʃoʊ ðət ˈkɑrənt ˈʤərmən ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˈæˌkʧuəli kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ loʊər ˈweɪʤɪz, nɑt bɪˈkəz ðɪs ɪz ə ˈpɑləsi ðət hɛlps təˈwɔrdz ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ʤɑbz, bət, ɛˈsɛnʃəli, bɪˈkəz əv ɪts ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪˈvoʊʃən tɪ ðə dɪˈstrəktɪv neoliberalism*. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ʧɛk aʊt əˈgɛn læst ˈsɛntəns: "ðɪs minz ðət ˈpipəl hu wərk ðə fʊl deɪ ʃʊd nɑt bi rɪˈlaɪənt ɔn ˈwɛlˌfɛr." ˈæˌkʧuəli, ˈmərkəl ɪz ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ˈpɑləsi ðət hər ˈpɑrti, ər ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən, ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ɪn keɪs ʃi wɪl gɪt ɪˈlɛktɪd fər əˈnəðər tərm. nɛkst stɛp əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə grik ɪkˈspɛrəmənt: ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr steɪt, wɪʧ həz ə lɔŋ trəˈdɪʃən ɪn ˈʤərməni. ɛz ɔˈrɛdi dɪˈskraɪbd ˈʤərmən ˈoʊlɪˌgɑrks prəˈmoʊt əˈnəðər "ˈhɛrˌkət" əv ˈməltəpəl dɪˈmɛnʃənz əˈkrɔs ˈjʊrəp. ðeɪ pərˈsid ˈɪntu ə ˈvaɪələnt kət əv ˈsæləriz ənd ˈpɛnʃənz, traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈikwəˌlaɪz ðɛm ɪn ə fərst feɪz wɪθ ðoʊz əv ˈkəntriz əv ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈistərn blɑk, ənd ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr steɪt. ˈfɛdərəˌlɪzəm minz ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ðə seɪm ˈpɑləsiz wɪl bi əˈplaɪd ˈtoʊtəli, ənd ˈvɛri sun, ˈɔlsoʊ əˈgɛnst ˈʤərmən ˈsɪtɪzənz ənd ˈwərkərz. ɛz ˈraɪtli ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræts ɪn paʊər, ər ɛz ˈlidərz ɪn ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ˈdɛməˌkræts wɪl nɑt meɪk məʧ ˈdɪfərəns. boʊθ ðiz tu ˈpɑrtiz ɪn ˈʤərməni, ənd mɔr ər lɛs ɪn ˈjʊrəp, hæv bɪn ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd kəmˈplitli baɪ ðə ˌnioʊˈlɪbərəl ˈdɔktərɪn. ðɛr ˈsɪŋgəl ˈmɪʃən wɪl bi tɪ ˈfɛdərəˌlaɪz ˈjʊrəp wɪθ ðə grik ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ɛz ə ˈpætərn.

21 september 2015 hamilton male sumatran tiger oz will not be following the death of zoo curator samantha yesterday (20 september, 2015). lance, hamilton city general manager community, says although death is a tragedy for the wider zoo family and international wildlife conservation community, senior zoo staff have ruled out oz. “we’re aware there is a lot of interest and speculation around how we manage oz now, and i want to assure the public and zoo supporters that he will not be put down,” mr says. “although there is an inherent risk for zoo professionals who manage big cats like oz, there is no wider ongoing risk. there is no reason for us to put oz down.” mr says the decision not to euthanize oz was made by zoo senior staff today. they have advised the ministry for primary industries the government agency responsible for overseeing zoo and wildlife park operations in new zealand of this. “this is our call, and the decision on oz rested solely with us,” mr says. “oz is a significant animal for his species. he is the father of our two cubs, and he is vital to the ongoing breeding programme to conserve this rare species." mr says the widely held view among zoo professionals was that attack on samantha was in line with his natural instincts. hamilton zoo will reopen on thursday, and mr says some of the five sumatran tigers will be on display. no decision has been made on whether visitors to the zoo will be able to see oz. mr says the popular tiger talks, eye 2 eye and face 2 face encounters for all species have been suspended until further notice to allow zoo staff time and space to grieve for their friend and colleague. those aspects of the zoo experience will be assessed on a weekly basis. mr says hamilton zoo will not be commenting on tiger management procedures until all investigations have been completed. “we’re firmly focussed on supporting family, the zoo team, and make sure we conduct thorough and complete investigations into this tragic incident.” mr says hamilton phone lines and social media channels had been inundated with messages of support from around the country following death. “our team is still coming to terms with what has happened, and the show of support from our community and the zoo industry worldwide has been very touching and hugely appreciated.” mr says family has asked for ongoing privacy and time to grieve while arrangements are made for a service to celebrate her life. download the audio statement from lance). for more information contact: jeff communication advisor 07 838 6509 021 818 564 jeff.neems@hcc.govt.nz

21 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2015 ˈhæməltən meɪl ˌsuˈmɑtrən ˈtaɪgər ɑz wɪl nɑt bi ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə dɛθ əv zu ˈkjʊrətər səˈmænθə ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ 20 sɛpˈtɛmbər, 2015 læns, ˈhæməltən ˈsɪti ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər kəmˈjunɪti, sɪz ˌɔlˈðoʊ dɛθ ɪz ə ˈtræʤədi fər ðə ˈwaɪdər zu ˈfæməli ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən kəmˈjunɪti, ˈsinjər zu stæf hæv ruld aʊt ɑz. əˈwɛr ðɛr ɪz ə lɔt əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ənd ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən əraʊnd haʊ wi ˈmænɪʤ ɑz naʊ, ənd aɪ wɔnt tɪ əˈʃʊr ðə ˈpəblɪk ənd zu səˈpɔrtərz ðət hi wɪl nɑt bi pʊt down,”*,” ˈmɪstər sɪz. ðɛr ɪz ən ˌɪnˈhɛrənt rɪsk fər zu prəˈfɛʃənəlz hu ˈmænɪʤ bɪg kæts laɪk ɑz, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈwaɪdər ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ rɪsk. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈrizən fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ pʊt ɑz down.”*.” ˈmɪstər sɪz ðə dɪˈsɪʒən nɑt tɪ ˈjuθəˌnaɪz ɑz wɑz meɪd baɪ zu ˈsinjər stæf təˈdeɪ. ðeɪ hæv ədˈvaɪzd ðə ˈmɪnɪstri fər ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈɪndəstriz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ zu ənd ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf pɑrk ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn nu ˈzilənd əv ðɪs. ɪz ɑr kɔl, ənd ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ɔn ɑz ˈrɛstɪd ˈsoʊəli wɪθ us,”*,” ˈmɪstər sɪz. ɪz ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈænəməl fər hɪz ˈspiʃiz. hi ɪz ðə ˈfɑðər əv ɑr tu kəbz, ənd hi ɪz ˈvaɪtəl tɪ ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈbridɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ kənˈsərv ðɪs rɛr ˈspiʃiz." ˈmɪstər sɪz ðə ˈwaɪdli hɛld vju əˈməŋ zu prəˈfɛʃənəlz wɑz ðət əˈtæk ɔn səˈmænθə wɑz ɪn laɪn wɪθ hɪz ˈnæʧərəl ˈɪnstɪŋkts. ˈhæməltən zu wɪl riˈoʊpən ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ənd ˈmɪstər sɪz səm əv ðə faɪv ˌsuˈmɑtrən ˈtaɪgərz wɪl bi ɔn dɪˈspleɪ. noʊ dɪˈsɪʒən həz bɪn meɪd ɔn ˈwɛðər ˈvɪzɪtərz tɪ ðə zu wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ si ɑz. ˈmɪstər sɪz ðə ˈpɑpjələr ˈtaɪgər tɔks, aɪ 2 aɪ ənd feɪs 2 feɪs ɪnˈkaʊnərz fər ɔl ˈspiʃiz hæv bɪn səˈspɛndɪd ənˈtɪl ˈfərðər ˈnoʊtɪs tɪ əˈlaʊ zu stæf taɪm ənd speɪs tɪ griv fər ðɛr frɛnd ənd ˈkɑlig. ðoʊz ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə zu ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪl bi əˈsɛst ɔn ə ˈwikli ˈbeɪsɪs. ˈmɪstər sɪz ˈhæməltən zu wɪl nɑt bi ˈkɑmɛntɪŋ ɔn ˈtaɪgər ˈmænɪʤmənt prəˈsiʤərz ənˈtɪl ɔl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz hæv bɪn kəmˈplitɪd. ˈfərmli ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈfæməli, ðə zu tim, ənd meɪk ʃʊr wi ˈkɑndəkt θəroʊ ənd kəmˈplit ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ˈɪntu ðɪs ˈtræʤɪk incident.”*.” ˈmɪstər sɪz ˈhæməltən foʊn laɪnz ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈʧænəlz hæd bɪn ˈɪnənˌdeɪtɪd wɪθ ˈmɛsɪʤɪz əv səˈpɔrt frəm əraʊnd ðə ˈkəntri ˈfɑloʊɪŋ dɛθ. tim ɪz stɪl ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ tərmz wɪθ wət həz ˈhæpənd, ənd ðə ʃoʊ əv səˈpɔrt frəm ɑr kəmˈjunɪti ənd ðə zu ˈɪndəstri ˈwərldˈwaɪd həz bɪn ˈvɛri ˈtəʧɪŋ ənd ˈhjuʤli appreciated.”*.” ˈmɪstər sɪz ˈfæməli həz æst fər ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈpraɪvəsi ənd taɪm tɪ griv waɪl ərˈeɪnʤmənts ər meɪd fər ə ˈsərvɪs tɪ ˈsɛləˌbreɪt hər laɪf. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈsteɪtmənt frəm læns fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈkɑnˌtækt: ʤɛf kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ædˈvaɪzər 07 838 6509 021 818 564

entire neighbourhoods of fort mcmurray were under water on sunday, less than three months after a fire roared into the northern alberta city and destroyed of its buildings. residents of canada's oil sands capital are wondering what will come next. they've lived through the rushed evacuation of more than people and a wildfire that broke records in how aggressively it pressed forward as well as years of heavy job losses and plunging profits because of oil prices that have stayed low far longer than most expected. "there was just an incredulous feeling as people were like, 'are you kidding?' they aren't too upset, they're just shrugging their shoulders at this point," said yao, the for fort buffalo. story continues below advertisement globe archives: a week in hell: how fort mcmurray burned at least 37 homes were flooded on sunday when 85 millimetres of rain fell on fort mcmurray in two hours. some residents of the city through areas that had been on fire on may 3. the flooding caused the area's emergency operations centre to be activated for the first time since the wildfire. "it's important that our community continues to be resilient and work together," chris graham, fort deputy director of emergency management, said in a statement. as crews pumped water from flooded areas, ash was dusted off barricades so they could be put to use keeping motorists away from waterlogged roads. during the wildfire, those barricades blocked access to acres of scorched homes. some people were once again told to boil their water, only weeks after similar advisories put in place for the fire were rescinded. "you saw the terrible thing in fort mcmurray. my god, i'm sure they were wondering would the locusts be next. i mean, it's so biblical," said david phillips, environment canada's senior climatologist. "they had the fires and the drought and now the floods. they clearly had more than a month's worth of rain in fort mcmurray in two hours, and it's almost as if they couldn't get rain when they prayed for it back in april and may." fort mcmurray isn't the only place in alberta to encounter bad weather this year, mr. phillips said. a number of tornadoes have across prairie farmland, a large hailstorm forced an air canada jet to execute an emergency landing and thunderstorms have been a near daily occurrence across the province. the typically dry region has also experienced an unusually humid summer. both calgary and edmonton have been hit by episodic flooding over the past month. more than 206 millimetres of rain fell on calgary in july, the most in 89 years. in edmonton, stranded motorists had to be rescued from a flooded highway last week. one downpour even flooded the provincial legislature building. related: wildfires like 'the beast' in fort mcmurray can have a major impact on water quality story continues below advertisement story continues below advertisement a spokesman for the regional municipality of wood buffalo, the local government that includes fort mcmurray, said the flooding won't hamper recovery efforts after the fire, the costliest disaster in canadian history. much of the rebuilding hasn't yet started. officials from the alberta and federal governments, as well as the red cross, will be in the city on wednesday to announce more funding to aid in the recovery. mr. yao and official opposition party are pressing the provincial government for answers on the timeline for rebuilding. there's been little progress in rebuilding or even cleaning up the ash and debris, nearly a month after the wildfire was declared under control, mr. yao said. according to mr. yao, the government is waiting on toxicity tests before making a decision on rebuilding three largely destroyed neighbourhoods that remain off limits to residents. with a report from the canadian press

ɪnˈtaɪər ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz əv fɔrt məkˈməreɪ wər ˈəndər ˈwɔtər ɔn ˈsənˌdi, lɛs ðən θri mənθs ˈæftər ə faɪər rɔrd ˈɪntu ðə ˈnɔrðərn ælˈbərtə ˈsɪti ənd dɪˈstrɔɪd əv ɪts ˈbɪldɪŋz. ˈrɛzɪdənts əv ˈkænədəz ɔɪl sændz ˈkæpɪtəl ər ˈwəndərɪŋ wət wɪl kəm nɛkst. ðeɪv lɪvd θru ðə rəʃt ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən əv mɔr ðən ˈpipəl ənd ə ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər ðət broʊk ˈrɛkərdz ɪn haʊ əˈgrɛsɪvli ɪt prɛst ˈfɔrwərd ɛz wɛl ɛz jɪrz əv ˈhɛvi ʤɑb ˈlɔsɪz ənd ˈplənʤɪŋ ˈprɑfɪts bɪˈkəz əv ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ðət hæv steɪd loʊ fɑr ˈlɔŋgər ðən moʊst ɪkˈspɛktɪd. "ðɛr wɑz ʤɪst ən ˌɪnˈkrɛʤələs ˈfilɪŋ ɛz ˈpipəl wər laɪk, 'ər ju ˈkɪdɪŋ?' ðeɪ ˈɑrənt tu ˈəpˌsɛt, ðɛr ʤɪst ʃˈrəgɪŋ ðɛr ˈʃoʊldərz æt ðɪs pɔɪnt," sɛd jaʊ, ðə fər fɔrt ˈbəfəˌloʊ. ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjuz bɪˈloʊ ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt gloʊb ˈɑrˌkaɪvz: ə wik ɪn hɛl: haʊ fɔrt məkˈməreɪ bərnd æt list 37 hoʊmz wər ˈflədɪd ɔn ˈsənˌdi wɪn 85 ˈmɪləˌmitərz əv reɪn fɛl ɔn fɔrt məkˈməreɪ ɪn tu aʊərz. səm ˈrɛzɪdənts əv ðə ˈsɪti θru ˈɛriəz ðət hæd bɪn ɔn faɪər ɔn meɪ 3 ðə ˈflədɪŋ kɔzd ðə ˈɛriəz ˈimərʤənsi ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈsɛntər tɪ bi ˈæktɪˌveɪtɪd fər ðə fərst taɪm sɪns ðə ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər. "ɪts ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət ɑr kəmˈjunɪti kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi rɪˈzɪljənt ənd wərk təˈgɛðər," krɪs græm, fɔrt ˈdɛpjəti dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈimərʤənsi ˈmænɪʤmənt, sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. ɛz kruz pəmpt ˈwɔtər frəm ˈflədɪd ˈɛriəz, æʃ wɑz ˈdəstɪd ɔf ˈbɛrəˌkeɪdz soʊ ðeɪ kʊd bi pʊt tɪ juz ˈkipɪŋ ˈmoʊtərɪsts əˈweɪ frəm ˈwɔtərˌlɑgd roʊdz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər, ðoʊz ˈbɛrəˌkeɪdz blɑkt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈeɪkərz əv skɔrʧt hoʊmz. səm ˈpipəl wər wəns əˈgɛn toʊld tɪ bɔɪl ðɛr ˈwɔtər, ˈoʊnli wiks ˈæftər ˈsɪmələr ədˈvaɪzəriz pʊt ɪn pleɪs fər ðə faɪər wər rɪˈsɪndɪd. "ju sɔ ðə ˈtɛrəbəl θɪŋ ɪn fɔrt məkˈməreɪ. maɪ gɑd, əm ʃʊr ðeɪ wər ˈwəndərɪŋ wʊd ðə ˈloʊkəsts bi nɛkst. aɪ min, ɪts soʊ ˈbɪblɪkəl," sɛd ˈdeɪvɪd ˈfɪlɪps, ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈkænədəz ˈsinjər ˌklɪməˈtɑləʤɪst. "ðeɪ hæd ðə faɪərz ənd ðə draʊt ənd naʊ ðə flədz. ðeɪ ˈklɪrli hæd mɔr ðən ə mənθs wərθ əv reɪn ɪn fɔrt məkˈməreɪ ɪn tu aʊərz, ənd ɪts ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɛz ɪf ðeɪ ˈkʊdənt gɪt reɪn wɪn ðeɪ preɪd fər ɪt bæk ɪn ˈeɪprəl ənd meɪ." fɔrt məkˈməreɪ ˈɪzənt ðə ˈoʊnli pleɪs ɪn ælˈbərtə tɪ ɪnˈkaʊnər bæd ˈwɛðər ðɪs jɪr, ˈmɪstər. ˈfɪlɪps sɛd. ə ˈnəmbər əv tɔrˈneɪdoʊz hæv əˈkrɔs ˈprɛri ˈfɑrmˌlænd, ə lɑrʤ ˈheɪlˌstɔrm fɔrst ən ɛr ˈkænədə ʤɛt tɪ ˈɛksəˌkjut ən ˈimərʤənsi ˈlændɪŋ ənd ˈθəndərˌstɔrmz hæv bɪn ə nɪr ˈdeɪli əˈkərəns əˈkrɔs ðə ˈprɑvɪns. ðə ˈtɪpɪkəli draɪ ˈriʤən həz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈspɪriənst ən ənˈjuˌʒuəli ˈjumɪd ˈsəmər. boʊθ ˈkælgəri ənd ˈɛdməntən hæv bɪn hɪt baɪ ˌɛpəˈsɑdɪk ˈflədɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə pæst mənθ. mɔr ðən 206 ˈmɪləˌmitərz əv reɪn fɛl ɔn ˈkælgəri ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ðə moʊst ɪn 89 jɪrz. ɪn ˈɛdməntən, ˈstrændɪd ˈmoʊtərɪsts hæd tɪ bi ˈrɛskjud frəm ə ˈflədɪd ˈhaɪˌweɪ læst wik. wən ˈdaʊnpɔr ˈivɪn ˈflədɪd ðə prəˈvɪnʃəl ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər ˈbɪldɪŋ. rɪˈleɪtɪd: ˈwaɪldˌfaɪərz laɪk 'ðə bist' ɪn fɔrt məkˈməreɪ kən hæv ə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ˈwɔtər kˈwɑləti ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjuz bɪˈloʊ ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjuz bɪˈloʊ ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə ˈriʤənəl mˌjunɪsəˈpæləti əv wʊd ˈbəfəˌloʊ, ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈgəvərnmənt ðət ˌɪnˈkludz fɔrt məkˈməreɪ, sɛd ðə ˈflədɪŋ woʊnt ˈhæmpər rɪˈkəvəri ˈɛfərts ˈæftər ðə faɪər, ðə ˈkɔstliɪst dɪˈzæstər ɪn kəˈneɪdiən ˈhɪstəri. məʧ əv ðə riˈbɪldɪŋ ˈhæzənt jɛt ˈstɑrtɪd. əˈfɪʃəlz frəm ðə ælˈbərtə ənd ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənts, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə rɛd krɔs, wɪl bi ɪn ðə ˈsɪti ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ tɪ əˈnaʊns mɔr ˈfəndɪŋ tɪ eɪd ɪn ðə rɪˈkəvəri. ˈmɪstər. jaʊ ənd əˈfɪʃəl ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈpɑrti ər ˈprɛsɪŋ ðə prəˈvɪnʃəl ˈgəvərnmənt fər ˈænsərz ɔn ðə ˈtaɪmlaɪn fər riˈbɪldɪŋ. ðɛrz bɪn ˈlɪtəl ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn riˈbɪldɪŋ ər ˈivɪn ˈklinɪŋ əp ðə æʃ ənd dəˈbri, ˈnɪrli ə mənθ ˈæftər ðə ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər wɑz dɪˈklɛrd ˈəndər kənˈtroʊl, ˈmɪstər. jaʊ sɛd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmɪstər. jaʊ, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈweɪtɪŋ ɔn tɑkˈsɪsəti tɛsts ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə dɪˈsɪʒən ɔn riˈbɪldɪŋ θri ˈlɑrʤli dɪˈstrɔɪd ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ðət rɪˈmeɪn ɔf ˈlɪmɪts tɪ ˈrɛzɪdənts. wɪθ ə rɪˈpɔrt frəm ðə kəˈneɪdiən prɛs

t.j. transition to third base is a work in progress the mets are willing to withstand. since moving to the position on a regular basis three weeks ago, rivera has struggled with his fielding and throws, but is earning praise for his approach to the experiment. “he knows he have to be nolan at third base to be a big league player,” infield coach dick scott said, referring to the rockies’ gold glove third baseman. “[rivera] looks at video and out here doing the work and it might take time, but going to happen. i have a lot of confidence in him.” rivera has six errors in 28 games at third base, but the mets want to find out if a viable option at the position for this season and beyond. the mets continue to like bat: he entered game against oakland with a .289/.333/.437 slash line with five homers and 25 rbis. he then delivered two singles and drove in two runs for the mets in their victory over the athletics. “honestly, i think [third base] is going to happen for him,” scott said. “it might take some time. the worst thing we all can do on anything is say, ‘next spring training really going to get after this.’ then three wasted months go by. i give him all the credit: he wants to do all the work. every day he is finding me and we come out. that is all we can do.” neil walker is expected to begin a rehab assignment saturday for las vegas in his comeback from a partially torn left hamstring. the veteran second baseman played a simulated game friday at citi field. the mets’ .523 winning percentage in play, is the best among national league teams. after this series against oakland, the mets have series remaining this season against the mariners, rangers and astros. amed rosario missed his fourth straight start for las vegas because of a bruised finger he sustained earlier in the week. lucas duda has one less error after an scoring change from last sunday against colorado: trevor story was awarded a hit on a play in the eighth inning in which duda originally received an error.

t.j*. trænˈzɪʃən tɪ θərd beɪs ɪz ə wərk ɪn ˈprɑˌgrɛs ðə mɛts ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ wɪθˈstænd. sɪns ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ ðə pəˈzɪʃən ɔn ə ˈrɛgjələr ˈbeɪsɪs θri wiks əˈgoʊ, rɪˈvɛrə həz ˈstrəgəld wɪθ hɪz ˈfildɪŋ ənd θroʊz, bət ɪz ˈərnɪŋ preɪz fər hɪz əˈproʊʧ tɪ ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt. noʊz hi hæv tɪ bi ˈnoʊlən æt θərd beɪs tɪ bi ə bɪg lig player,”*,” ˈɪnˌfild koʊʧ dɪk skɑt sɛd, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðə rockies’*’ goʊld gləv θərd ˈbeɪsmən. “[“[rivera*] lʊks æt ˈvɪdioʊ ənd aʊt hir duɪŋ ðə wərk ənd ɪt maɪt teɪk taɪm, bət goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən. aɪ hæv ə lɔt əv ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn him.”*.” rɪˈvɛrə həz sɪks ˈɛrərz ɪn 28 geɪmz æt θərd beɪs, bət ðə mɛts wɔnt tɪ faɪnd aʊt ɪf ə ˈvaɪəbəl ˈɔpʃən æt ðə pəˈzɪʃən fər ðɪs ˈsizən ənd bɪɔnd. ðə mɛts kənˈtɪnju tɪ laɪk bæt: hi ˈɛnərd geɪm əˈgɛnst ˈoʊklənd wɪθ ə slæʃ laɪn wɪθ faɪv ˈhoʊmərz ənd 25 rbis*. hi ðɛn dɪˈlɪvərd tu ˈsɪŋgəlz ənd droʊv ɪn tu rənz fər ðə mɛts ɪn ðɛr ˈvɪktəri ˈoʊvər ðə æθˈlɛtɪks. ““honestly*, aɪ θɪŋk [θərd beɪs] ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən fər him,”*,” skɑt sɛd. maɪt teɪk səm taɪm. ðə wərst θɪŋ wi ɔl kən du ɔn ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪz seɪ, spərɪŋ ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈrɪli goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈæftər this.’*.’ ðɛn θri ˈweɪstɪd mənθs goʊ baɪ. aɪ gɪv ɪm ɔl ðə ˈkrɛdɪt: hi wɔnts tɪ du ɔl ðə wərk. ˈɛvəri deɪ hi ɪz ˈfaɪndɪŋ mi ənd wi kəm aʊt. ðət ɪz ɔl wi kən do.”*.” nil ˈwɔkər ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bɪˈgɪn ə rihæb əˈsaɪnmənt ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ fər ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs ɪn hɪz ˈkəmˌbæk frəm ə ˈpɑrʃəli tɔrn lɛft ˈhæmˌstrɪŋ. ðə ˈvɛtərən ˈsɛkənd ˈbeɪsmən pleɪd ə ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtɪd geɪm ˈfraɪˌdeɪ æt ˈsɪti fild. ðə mets’*’ 523 ˈwɪnɪŋ pərˈsɛnɪʤ ɪn pleɪ, ɪz ðə bɛst əˈməŋ ˈnæʃənəl lig timz. ˈæftər ðɪs ˈsɪriz əˈgɛnst ˈoʊklənd, ðə mɛts hæv ˈsɪriz rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ðɪs ˈsizən əˈgɛnst ðə ˈmɛrənərz, ˈreɪnʤərz ənd ˈæstroʊs. roʊˈzɑrioʊ mɪst hɪz fɔrθ streɪt stɑrt fər ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs bɪˈkəz əv ə bruzd ˈfɪŋgər hi səˈsteɪnd ˈərliər ɪn ðə wik. ˈlukəs ˈdudə həz wən lɛs ˈɛrər ˈæftər ən ˈskɔrɪŋ ʧeɪnʤ frəm læst ˈsənˌdi əˈgɛnst ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ: ˈtrɛvər ˈstɔri wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ə hɪt ɔn ə pleɪ ɪn ðə eɪθ ˈɪnɪŋ ɪn wɪʧ ˈdudə ərˈɪʤənəli rɪˈsivd ən ˈɛrər.

it was dec. 1, 2013. with the score at in the second quarter, the philadelphia eagles marched to the arizona cardinals’ line. it was at this moment when chip kelly unveiled a surprising wrinkle. from video if nick was there, who was lined up as quarterback? from video meet brad smith. he has experience as a wide receiver, running back, quarterback, kick and special teams ace. a few things about this play made people believe this was the wildcat formation. the starting quarterback was positioned as a receiver, and a player who the starting quarterback took the snap. in fact, the wildcat formation require either of those things. from video the wildcat formation always uses an unbalanced line, specifically the set. the tight end lines up next to the guard, while the two offensive tackles are next to each other on the. from video motion always sets up the run from the wildcat formation: usually a power run by the player taking the snap, a jet sweep by the motion man or a pass. kelly insisted after the game that he did not call the wildcat formation. “it was not a wildcat play,” head coach chip kelly said. “it’s just brad smith plays quarterback. so straighten that out right now. we run the wildcat. just a play. he played quarterback. nick played receiver because really good with the ball in his hands.” from video there was no set or motion man. kelly was absolutely correct when he said this play was not the wildcat. so, if it the wildcat, what was it? look at where running back mccoy lined up. this should be familiar to oregon and eagles fans who know how the inside zone read works. from video ignore the fact that smith fumbled the ball. that the important part. mccoy was preparing for the mesh point with smith, as he would during an inside zone read. the offensive line was zone blocking the defense. it left the outside linebacker unblocked, probably because smith was supposed to be reading him on this play. it is also noteworthy that there were three receivers (riley cooper, jason avant,) who each faced single-coverage. from video cooper ran what appeared to be a corner route. avant ran a crossing route. took patrick peterson out of the play by lining up at receiver. it is possible kelly called a packaged play, an inside zone read packaged with an intermediate pass. it might be reasonable to blame kelly for inadequately preparing the eagles to execute this play, but his should not be at fault. concluded that this play was either the inside zone read or a packaged play. because these plays are staples of the eagles’ offense, the notion that this play was a flashy gadget play is nonsense. yet, it is reasonable to ask the following: why even bother making smith the quarterback for a play when was playing well on this drive? or for that matter, why not use michael vick since he rejoined the active roster as’s backup? it is likely there are some that kelly is more willing to make with smith at quarterback than with or vick. from video against the bears, the eagles used a set with right tackle lane johnson positioned between left tackle jason peters and left guard evan mathis. there was no motion man, so this was still not the wildcat. from video this was a classic power play. the linemen on the were down-blocking. running back chris polk was the lead blocker and did a nice job blocking the defensive tackle. right guard todd pulled to the left and entered the crease to block the linebacker. from video smith entered the hole for a gain. his versatility allowed kelly to simultaneously avoid risking the health of his top two quarterbacks and keep an inside power run on the table. defenses must always be aware of the possibility that smith will pass the ball. in fact, this could happen in a formation where he even lined up at quarterback. from video smith came into this game as a receiver. nothing too unusual so far. from video he motioned over and prepared for the surprise. from video smith ran to the right, as if this was a sweep. from video smith looked at, who even looking for the ball. he was likely just a decoy on this play. from video foles attracted double coverage, as the safety read eyes and assisted the cornerback covering. this allowed zach ertz to get open in one-on-one coverage against a linebacker. unfortunately, pass was behind him and he make the catch. there was one oregon player who resembled smith as an offensive weapon: chris harper. while kelly was the offensive coordinator in 2008, harper played quarterback, running back and receiver. he transferred the next year to kansas state. from video kelly and head coach mike bellotti experimented with putting harper at quarterback in the middle of games. against purdue, they instructed justin roper to get off the field. from video harper was a running threat and raw passer. bellotti and kelly mind tipping their hand close to the red zone. this sweep was effective because of speed down the sideline. roper returned to the game after this play. from video additionally, harper sporadically played quarterback on zone read plays. it is noteworthy that harper earned meaningful playing time when oregon lacked a true “dual threat” quarterback. foles’s performance last season proved kelly did not need a mobile quarterback to make his offense flourish, but it is possible he viewed smith as a means of compensating for’s lack of mobility. smith is a situational player who makes the read option more potent and makes kelly more comfortable calling inside runs. if smith makes the roster this season, expect to see more of the formation with him at quarterback. just call it the wildcat. top photo from video

ɪt wɑz dɛk. 1 2013 wɪθ ðə skɔr æt ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd kˈwɔrtər, ðə ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ˈigəlz mɑrʧt tɪ ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə cardinals’*’ laɪn. ɪt wɑz æt ðɪs ˈmoʊmənt wɪn ʧɪp ˈkɛli ənˈveɪld ə səˈpraɪzɪŋ ˈrɪŋkəl. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ ɪf nɪk wɑz ðɛr, hu wɑz laɪnd əp ɛz kˈwɔrtərˌbæk? frəm ˈvɪdioʊ mit bræd smɪθ. hi həz ɪkˈspɪriəns ɛz ə waɪd rɪˈsivər, ˈrənɪŋ bæk, kˈwɔrtərˌbæk, kɪk ənd ˈspɛʃəl timz eɪs. ə fju θɪŋz əˈbaʊt ðɪs pleɪ meɪd ˈpipəl bɪˈliv ðɪs wɑz ðə ˈwaɪldˌkæt fɔrˈmeɪʃən. ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ kˈwɔrtərˌbæk wɑz pəˈzɪʃənd ɛz ə rɪˈsivər, ənd ə pleɪər hu ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ kˈwɔrtərˌbæk tʊk ðə snæp. ɪn fækt, ðə ˈwaɪldˌkæt fɔrˈmeɪʃən ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈiðər əv ðoʊz θɪŋz. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ ðə ˈwaɪldˌkæt fɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈjuzɪz ən ənˈbælənst laɪn, spəˈsɪfɪkli ðə sɛt. ðə taɪt ɛnd laɪnz əp nɛkst tɪ ðə gɑrd, waɪl ðə tu əˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəlz ər nɛkst tɪ iʧ ˈəðər ɔn ðə. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ ˈmoʊʃən ˈɔlˌweɪz sɛts əp ðə rən frəm ðə ˈwaɪldˌkæt fɔrˈmeɪʃən: ˈjuʒəwəli ə paʊər rən baɪ ðə pleɪər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə snæp, ə ʤɛt swip baɪ ðə ˈmoʊʃən mæn ər ə pæs. ˈkɛli ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ˈæftər ðə geɪm ðət hi dɪd nɑt kɔl ðə ˈwaɪldˌkæt fɔrˈmeɪʃən. wɑz nɑt ə ˈwaɪldˌkæt play,”*,” hɛd koʊʧ ʧɪp ˈkɛli sɛd. ʤɪst bræd smɪθ pleɪz kˈwɔrtərˌbæk. soʊ ˈstreɪtən ðət aʊt raɪt naʊ. wi rən ðə ˈwaɪldˌkæt. ʤɪst ə pleɪ. hi pleɪd kˈwɔrtərˌbæk. nɪk pleɪd rɪˈsivər bɪˈkəz ˈrɪli gʊd wɪθ ðə bɔl ɪn hɪz hands.”*.” frəm ˈvɪdioʊ ðɛr wɑz noʊ sɛt ər ˈmoʊʃən mæn. ˈkɛli wɑz ˌæbsəˈlutli kərˈɛkt wɪn hi sɛd ðɪs pleɪ wɑz nɑt ðə ˈwaɪldˌkæt. soʊ, ɪf ɪt ðə ˈwaɪldˌkæt, wət wɑz ɪt? lʊk æt wɛr ˈrənɪŋ bæk məˈkɔɪ laɪnd əp. ðɪs ʃʊd bi fəˈmɪljər tɪ ˈɔrəˌgɑn ənd ˈigəlz fænz hu noʊ haʊ ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd zoʊn rɛd wərks. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə fækt ðət smɪθ ˈfəmbəld ðə bɔl. ðət ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrt. məˈkɔɪ wɑz pərˈpɛrɪŋ fər ðə mɛʃ pɔɪnt wɪθ smɪθ, ɛz hi wʊd ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˌɪnˈsaɪd zoʊn rɛd. ðə əˈfɛnsɪv laɪn wɑz zoʊn ˈblɑkɪŋ ðə dɪˈfɛns. ɪt lɛft ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈlaɪnˌbækər unblocked*, ˈprɑbəˌbli bɪˈkəz smɪθ wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ˈrɛdɪŋ ɪm ɔn ðɪs pleɪ. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtˌwərði ðət ðɛr wər θri rɪˈsivərz (ˈraɪli ˈkupər, ˈʤeɪsən əˈvɑnt,) hu iʧ feɪst single-coverage*. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkupər ræn wət əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ə ˈkɔrnər rut. əˈvɑnt ræn ə ˈkrɔsɪŋ rut. tʊk ˈpætrɪk ˈpitərsən aʊt əv ðə pleɪ baɪ ˈlaɪnɪŋ əp æt rɪˈsivər. ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ˈkɛli kɔld ə ˈpækɪʤd pleɪ, ən ˌɪnˈsaɪd zoʊn rɛd ˈpækɪʤd wɪθ ən ˌɪnərˈmidiɪt pæs. ɪt maɪt bi ˈrizənəbəl tɪ bleɪm ˈkɛli fər ˌɪˈnædəkwətli pərˈpɛrɪŋ ðə ˈigəlz tɪ ˈɛksəˌkjut ðɪs pleɪ, bət hɪz ʃʊd nɑt bi æt fɔlt. kənˈkludɪd ðət ðɪs pleɪ wɑz ˈiðər ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd zoʊn rɛd ər ə ˈpækɪʤd pleɪ. bɪˈkəz ðiz pleɪz ər ˈsteɪpəlz əv ðə eagles’*’ əˈfɛns, ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət ðɪs pleɪ wɑz ə ˈflæʃi ˈgæʤət pleɪ ɪz ˈnɑnsɛns. jɛt, ɪt ɪz ˈrizənəbəl tɪ æsk ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: waɪ ˈivɪn ˈbɑðər ˈmeɪkɪŋ smɪθ ðə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk fər ə pleɪ wɪn wɑz pleɪɪŋ wɛl ɔn ðɪs draɪv? ər fər ðət ˈmætər, waɪ nɑt juz ˈmaɪkəl vɪk sɪns hi riˈʤɔɪnd ðə ˈæktɪv ˈrɑstər ɛz ˈbæˌkəp? ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ðɛr ər səm ðət ˈkɛli ɪz mɔr ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ meɪk wɪθ smɪθ æt kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ðən wɪθ ər vɪk. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ əˈgɛnst ðə bɛrz, ðə ˈigəlz juzd ə sɛt wɪθ raɪt ˈtækəl leɪn ˈʤɑnsən pəˈzɪʃənd bɪtˈwin lɛft ˈtækəl ˈʤeɪsən ˈpitərz ənd lɛft gɑrd ˈɛvən ˈmæθɪs. ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈmoʊʃən mæn, soʊ ðɪs wɑz stɪl nɑt ðə ˈwaɪldˌkæt. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ ðɪs wɑz ə ˈklæsɪk paʊər pleɪ. ðə ˈlaɪnmən ɔn ðə wər down-blocking*. ˈrənɪŋ bæk krɪs poʊlk wɑz ðə lɛd ˈblɑkər ənd dɪd ə nis ʤɑb ˈblɑkɪŋ ðə dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl. raɪt gɑrd tɑd pʊld tɪ ðə lɛft ənd ˈɛnərd ðə kris tɪ blɑk ðə ˈlaɪnˌbækər. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ smɪθ ˈɛnərd ðə hoʊl fər ə geɪn. hɪz ˌvərsəˈtɪləti əˈlaʊd ˈkɛli tɪ ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli əˈvɔɪd ˈrɪskɪŋ ðə hɛlθ əv hɪz tɔp tu kˈwɔrtərˌbæks ənd kip ən ˌɪnˈsaɪd paʊər rən ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəl. dɪˈfɛnsɪz məst ˈɔlˌweɪz bi əˈwɛr əv ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət smɪθ wɪl pæs ðə bɔl. ɪn fækt, ðɪs kʊd ˈhæpən ɪn ə fɔrˈmeɪʃən wɛr hi ˈivɪn laɪnd əp æt kˈwɔrtərˌbæk. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ smɪθ keɪm ˈɪntu ðɪs geɪm ɛz ə rɪˈsivər. ˈnəθɪŋ tu ənˈjuˌʒuəl soʊ fɑr. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ hi ˈmoʊʃənd ˈoʊvər ənd priˈpɛrd fər ðə səˈpraɪz. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ smɪθ ræn tɪ ðə raɪt, ɛz ɪf ðɪs wɑz ə swip. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ smɪθ lʊkt æt, hu ˈivɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðə bɔl. hi wɑz ˈlaɪkli ʤɪst ə dəˈkɔɪ ɔn ðɪs pleɪ. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ əˈtræktəd ˈdəbəl ˈkəvərɪʤ, ɛz ðə ˈseɪfti rɛd aɪz ənd əˈsɪstɪd ðə ˈkɔrnərˌbæk ˈkəvərɪŋ. ðɪs əˈlaʊd zæk ərts tɪ gɪt ˈoʊpən ɪn ˌwənɔnˈwən ˈkəvərɪʤ əˈgɛnst ə ˈlaɪnˌbækər. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, pæs wɑz bɪˈhaɪnd ɪm ənd hi meɪk ðə kæʧ. ðɛr wɑz wən ˈɔrəˌgɑn pleɪər hu rɪˈzɛmbəld smɪθ ɛz ən əˈfɛnsɪv ˈwɛpən: krɪs ˈhɑrpər. waɪl ˈkɛli wɑz ðə əˈfɛnsɪv koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər ɪn 2008 ˈhɑrpər pleɪd kˈwɔrtərˌbæk, ˈrənɪŋ bæk ənd rɪˈsivər. hi ˈtrænsfərd ðə nɛkst jɪr tɪ ˈkænzəs steɪt. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkɛli ənd hɛd koʊʧ maɪk bɛˈloʊti ɪkˈspɛrəməntəd wɪθ ˈpʊtɪŋ ˈhɑrpər æt kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv geɪmz. əˈgɛnst pərˈdu, ðeɪ ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd ˈʤəstɪn ˈroʊpər tɪ gɪt ɔf ðə fild. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ ˈhɑrpər wɑz ə ˈrənɪŋ θrɛt ənd rɑ ˈpæsər. bɛˈloʊti ənd ˈkɛli maɪnd ˈtɪpɪŋ ðɛr hænd kloʊz tɪ ðə rɛd zoʊn. ðɪs swip wɑz ˈifɛktɪv bɪˈkəz əv spid daʊn ðə ˈsaɪˌdlaɪn. ˈroʊpər rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə geɪm ˈæftər ðɪs pleɪ. frəm ˈvɪdioʊ əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈhɑrpər spərˈædɪkli pleɪd kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ɔn zoʊn rɛd pleɪz. ɪt ɪz ˈnoʊtˌwərði ðət ˈhɑrpər ərnd ˈminɪŋfəl pleɪɪŋ taɪm wɪn ˈɔrəˌgɑn lækt ə tru threat”*” kˈwɔrtərˌbæk. pərˈfɔrməns læst ˈsizən pruvd ˈkɛli dɪd nɑt nid ə ˈmoʊbəl kˈwɔrtərˌbæk tɪ meɪk hɪz əˈfɛns flərɪʃ, bət ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl hi vjud smɪθ ɛz ə minz əv ˈkɑmpənˌseɪtɪŋ fər læk əv moʊˈbɪlɪti. smɪθ ɪz ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənəl pleɪər hu meɪks ðə rɛd ˈɔpʃən mɔr ˈpoʊtənt ənd meɪks ˈkɛli mɔr ˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈkɔlɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd rənz. ɪf smɪθ meɪks ðə ˈrɑstər ðɪs ˈsizən, ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ si mɔr əv ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪθ ɪm æt kˈwɔrtərˌbæk. ʤɪst kɔl ɪt ðə ˈwaɪldˌkæt. tɔp ˈfoʊˌtoʊ frəm ˈvɪdioʊ

assyrian farmer in turkey attacked by kurds iskandar dayan, an assyrian farmer in turkey who was attacked by kurds, in hospital. (aina) -- dayan, an assyrian farmer living in turkey near the syrian border, was attacked and beaten by twelve kurds on november 16. mr. dayan was driving his tractor alone when approached by the twelve kurds, whom he recognized as being from a neighboring kurdish village. the kurds beat him, breaking his jaw, and warned him to never cultivate his land. mr. dayan was brought to a hospital in diyarbakir. the kurds were arrested by the police, but were set free after they were interrogated. the attack is part of a wider pattern in which kurds intimidate, threaten and attack assyrians in order to take over their lands. court cases relating to this problem abound in turkey, where kurds, empowered by their sheer numbers and the support of kurdish militia, carry out an ethnic cleansing campaign against assyrians. the area inern turkey, known in assyrian as turabdin, was inhabited almost entirely by assyrians one hundred years ago. the genocide on assyrians in 1915, the war with the and kurdish encroachment has sharply reduced the assyrian population to a few thousand.

əˈsɪriən ˈfɑrmər ɪn ˈtərki əˈtækt baɪ kərdz deɪən, ən əˈsɪriən ˈfɑrmər ɪn ˈtərki hu wɑz əˈtækt baɪ kərdz, ɪn ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. (aina*) deɪən, ən əˈsɪriən ˈfɑrmər ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈtərki nɪr ðə ˈsɪriən ˈbɔrdər, wɑz əˈtækt ənd ˈbitən baɪ twɛlv kərdz ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 16 ˈmɪstər. deɪən wɑz ˈdraɪvɪŋ hɪz ˈtræktər əˈloʊn wɪn əˈproʊʧt baɪ ðə twɛlv kərdz, hum hi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ɛz biɪŋ frəm ə ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈkərdɪʃ ˈvɪlɪʤ. ðə kərdz bit ɪm, ˈbreɪkɪŋ hɪz ʤɔ, ənd wɔrnd ɪm tɪ ˈnɛvər ˈkəltəˌveɪt hɪz lænd. ˈmɪstər. deɪən wɑz brɔt tɪ ə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɪn diyarbakir*. ðə kərdz wər ərˈɛstɪd baɪ ðə pəˈlis, bət wər sɛt fri ˈæftər ðeɪ wər ˌɪnˈtɛrəˌgeɪtɪd. ðə əˈtæk ɪz pɑrt əv ə ˈwaɪdər ˈpætərn ɪn wɪʧ kərdz ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪt, θˈrɛtən ənd əˈtæk əˈsɪriənz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ teɪk ˈoʊvər ðɛr lændz. kɔrt ˈkeɪsɪz rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ ðɪs ˈprɑbləm əˈbaʊnd ɪn ˈtərki, wɛr kərdz, ɪmˈpaʊərd baɪ ðɛr ʃɪr ˈnəmbərz ənd ðə səˈpɔrt əv ˈkərdɪʃ mɪˈlɪʃə, ˈkɛri aʊt ən ˈɛθnɪk ˈklɛnzɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst əˈsɪriənz. ðə ˈɛriə ɪn ˈtərki, noʊn ɪn əˈsɪriən ɛz turabdin*, wɑz ˌɪnˈhæbətəd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli baɪ əˈsɪriənz wən ˈhənərd jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ðə ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd ɔn əˈsɪriənz ɪn 1915 ðə wɔr wɪθ ðə ənd ˈkərdɪʃ ɛnˈkroʊʧmənt həz ˈʃɑrpli rɪˈdust ðə əˈsɪriən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən tɪ ə fju ˈθaʊzənd.

sometimes, a bra can look too small when it fits well, because the strip of under the top of the lace is too tight across the top of the breast. european bras, in particular are nearly infamous for this. if you have firm breast tissue, your breasts will fight against the elastic and shape the bra. not all of us are that lucky. soft tissue molds to the shape of the bra, so the elastic pulls down over the top of the breast. if the bra is not a full coverage style, it will not sit against the breastbone, but actually against the breast tissue, causing the breasts to bulge out of the top of the bra and give the appearance of a bra that is too small. this seam is put in place to pull the top of the cup closer to the chest and prevent the bust from spilling out. probably just fine for someone who is predominantly full on bottom, but someone with a more even or full on top shape will run into this problem pretty consistently in european bras, so going to talk about how to fix that. tools need: 1 seam ripper & 1 pair of scissors. seriously, it. difficulty level: easy. seriously, a well behaved toddler could do it. the bra i will be performing this alteration on is the hana cut) in 70i. is a polish brand, and i will refrain from discussing the finer points of the style in detail, as the brand has already been broken down quite well by miss underpinnings, but i will say for the purpose of this post that i would refer to this as a mesh balconette. as you can see above, the bra looks too small on close up. clearly bulging out the top of the cup. if you look closely at the top center, you can even see my bust trying to escape through the gaps in the lace. what may not be obvious in photographs is that there is actually plenty of room in this cup for me, but the top of the cup is being pulled down very tightly across the top of my breast, causing me to even though the bra actually fits. this is the problem: this seam is slightly elastic, and so makes the top of the cup too closed off for me. it fits beautifully everywhere else. now, going to work from the inside of the bra. grab your seam ripper. we need to remove the stitches from inside of the elastic. you want to work from the elastic side to avoid potentially tearing any mesh or lace with your seam ripper. you can stab a piece of elastic to your hearts content and it really matter, but stab a bit of lace and you might poke a hole in your bra. as you start to remove these stitches, see the elastic start to come away from the bra, like so: keep going. you have to remove all of them. at which point, have something that looks like this: now, up to this point, doing fine. we cut anything. we are still at a place where this alteration can be reversed by sewing the elastic back down, but we be for long. this alteration always has the potential to open the cup too much for you (you can correct this by sewing a dart near the wire, but another alteration.), so you definitely want to try the bra on again at this point to make sure the alteration is going to work for you before you move onto the next step, at which point the alteration can not be reversed. as you can see, this is probably going to work out well for me. a tiny bit of gaping, but mostly due to the position i have to put my arm in to take the photo and the elastic still being connected on both ends. you’re done with the seam ripper now. grab the scissors. we need to cut the elastic out on both sides beside the wire. cut as close to the wire as possible. that’s it. the alteration is complete. there is no need to finish the elastic or add no fray. welcome to if like, but if you cut it as close to the wire as you can, the bra give you any issues with fraying or loose threads, and you really even notice that there was ever a seam there in the first place. this is what removed you need them, so unless you have some other use planned for them, just throw them out. and this is what your bra will look like when done: the final fit test: this bra now fits me pretty darn well. it will gape slightly when i move my arms certain ways, but not enough to make me fall out, not enough to cause fit issues, and not enough to show under clothing. this alteration has made this bra the best fit of my current rotation. if i altered it, i would only be able to wear it under loose t-shirts and tunics, and so it would probably spend most of its time in the back of the lingerie drawer. if this is a problem you find you run into consistently, this is an alteration you definitely want to consider. the entire alteration can be completed in less than 30 minutes, and there is absolutely no sewing required. advertisements

ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, ə brɑ kən lʊk tu smɔl wɪn ɪt fɪts wɛl, bɪˈkəz ðə strɪp əv ˈəndər ðə tɔp əv ðə leɪs ɪz tu taɪt əˈkrɔs ðə tɔp əv ðə brɛst. ˌjʊrəˈpiən brɑs, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ər ˈnɪrli ˈɪnfəməs fər ðɪs. ɪf ju hæv fərm brɛst ˈtɪʃu, jʊr brɛsts wɪl faɪt əˈgɛnst ðə ɪˈlæstɪk ənd ʃeɪp ðə brɑ. nɑt ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs ər ðət ˈləki. sɔft ˈtɪʃu moʊldz tɪ ðə ʃeɪp əv ðə brɑ, soʊ ðə ɪˈlæstɪk pʊlz daʊn ˈoʊvər ðə tɔp əv ðə brɛst. ɪf ðə brɑ ɪz nɑt ə fʊl ˈkəvərɪʤ staɪl, ɪt wɪl nɑt sɪt əˈgɛnst ðə breastbone*, bət ˈæˌkʧuəli əˈgɛnst ðə brɛst ˈtɪʃu, ˈkɔzɪŋ ðə brɛsts tɪ bəlʤ aʊt əv ðə tɔp əv ðə brɑ ənd gɪv ðə əˈpɪrəns əv ə brɑ ðət ɪz tu smɔl. ðɪs sim ɪz pʊt ɪn pleɪs tɪ pʊl ðə tɔp əv ðə kəp ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə ʧɛst ənd prɪˈvɛnt ðə bəst frəm ˈspɪlɪŋ aʊt. ˈprɑbəˌbli ʤɪst faɪn fər ˈsəmˌwən hu ɪz ˌprɪˈdɑmənənˌtli fʊl ɔn ˈbɑtəm, bət ˈsəmˌwən wɪθ ə mɔr ˈivɪn ər fʊl ɔn tɔp ʃeɪp wɪl rən ˈɪntu ðɪs ˈprɑbləm ˈprɪti kənˈsɪstəntli ɪn ˌjʊrəˈpiən brɑs, soʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt haʊ tɪ fɪks ðət. tulz nid: 1 sim ˈrɪpər 1 pɛr əv ˈsɪzərz. ˈsɪriəsli, ɪt. ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ˈlɛvəl: ˈizi. ˈsɪriəsli, ə wɛl bɪˈheɪvd ˈtɑdlər kʊd du ɪt. ðə brɑ aɪ wɪl bi pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ðɪs ˌɔltərˈeɪʃən ɔn ɪz ðə ˈhænə kət) ɪn 70i*. ɪz ə ˈpɑlɪʃ brænd, ənd aɪ wɪl rɪˈfreɪn frəm dɪˈskəsɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪnər pɔɪnts əv ðə staɪl ɪn ˈditeɪl, ɛz ðə brænd həz ɔˈrɛdi bɪn ˈbroʊkən daʊn kwaɪt wɛl baɪ mɪs ˈəndərˌpɪnɪŋz, bət aɪ wɪl seɪ fər ðə ˈpərpəs əv ðɪs poʊst ðət aɪ wʊd rɪˈfər tɪ ðɪs ɛz ə mɛʃ balconette*. ɛz ju kən si əˈbəv, ðə brɑ lʊks tu smɔl ɔn kloʊz əp. ˈklɪrli ˈbəlʤɪŋ aʊt ðə tɔp əv ðə kəp. ɪf ju lʊk ˈkloʊsli æt ðə tɔp ˈsɛnər, ju kən ˈivɪn si maɪ bəst traɪɪŋ tɪ ɪˈskeɪp θru ðə gæps ɪn ðə leɪs. wət meɪ nɑt bi ˈɑbviəs ɪn ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs ɪz ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈplɛnti əv rum ɪn ðɪs kəp fər mi, bət ðə tɔp əv ðə kəp ɪz biɪŋ pʊld daʊn ˈvɛri ˈtaɪtli əˈkrɔs ðə tɔp əv maɪ brɛst, ˈkɔzɪŋ mi tɪ ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə brɑ ˈæˌkʧuəli fɪts. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈprɑbləm: ðɪs sim ɪz sˈlaɪtli ɪˈlæstɪk, ənd soʊ meɪks ðə tɔp əv ðə kəp tu kloʊzd ɔf fər mi. ɪt fɪts ˈbjutəfli ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɛls. naʊ, goʊɪŋ tɪ wərk frəm ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd əv ðə brɑ. græb jʊr sim ˈrɪpər. wi nid tɪ riˈmuv ðə ˈstɪʧɪz frəm ˌɪnˈsaɪd əv ðə ɪˈlæstɪk. ju wɔnt tɪ wərk frəm ðə ɪˈlæstɪk saɪd tɪ əˈvɔɪd pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈtɪrɪŋ ˈɛni mɛʃ ər leɪs wɪθ jʊr sim ˈrɪpər. ju kən stæb ə pis əv ɪˈlæstɪk tɪ jʊr hɑrts ˈkɑntɛnt ənd ɪt ˈrɪli ˈmætər, bət stæb ə bɪt əv leɪs ənd ju maɪt poʊk ə hoʊl ɪn jʊr brɑ. ɛz ju stɑrt tɪ riˈmuv ðiz ˈstɪʧɪz, si ðə ɪˈlæstɪk stɑrt tɪ kəm əˈweɪ frəm ðə brɑ, laɪk soʊ: kip goʊɪŋ. ju hæv tɪ riˈmuv ɔl əv ðɛm. æt wɪʧ pɔɪnt, hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət lʊks laɪk ðɪs: naʊ, əp tɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt, duɪŋ faɪn. wi kət ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. wi ər stɪl æt ə pleɪs wɛr ðɪs ˌɔltərˈeɪʃən kən bi rɪˈvərst baɪ soʊɪŋ ðə ɪˈlæstɪk bæk daʊn, bət wi bi fər lɔŋ. ðɪs ˌɔltərˈeɪʃən ˈɔlˌweɪz həz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ ˈoʊpən ðə kəp tu məʧ fər ju (ju kən kərˈɛkt ðɪs baɪ soʊɪŋ ə dɑrt nɪr ðə waɪər, bət əˈnəðər ˌɔltərˈeɪʃən.), soʊ ju ˈdɛfənətli wɔnt tɪ traɪ ðə brɑ ɔn əˈgɛn æt ðɪs pɔɪnt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðə ˌɔltərˈeɪʃən ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ wərk fər ju ˌbiˈfɔr ju muv ˈɔntu ðə nɛkst stɛp, æt wɪʧ pɔɪnt ðə ˌɔltərˈeɪʃən kən nɑt bi rɪˈvərst. ɛz ju kən si, ðɪs ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli goʊɪŋ tɪ wərk aʊt wɛl fər mi. ə ˈtaɪni bɪt əv ˈgeɪpɪŋ, bət ˈmoʊstli du tɪ ðə pəˈzɪʃən aɪ hæv tɪ pʊt maɪ ɑrm ɪn tɪ teɪk ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ənd ðə ɪˈlæstɪk stɪl biɪŋ kəˈnɛktɪd ɔn boʊθ ɛndz. dən wɪθ ðə sim ˈrɪpər naʊ. græb ðə ˈsɪzərz. wi nid tɪ kət ðə ɪˈlæstɪk aʊt ɔn boʊθ saɪdz ˌbiˈsaɪd ðə waɪər. kət ɛz kloʊz tɪ ðə waɪər ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ɪt. ðə ˌɔltərˈeɪʃən ɪz kəmˈplit. ðɛr ɪz noʊ nid tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ ðə ɪˈlæstɪk ər æd noʊ freɪ. ˈwɛlkəm tɪ ɪf laɪk, bət ɪf ju kət ɪt ɛz kloʊz tɪ ðə waɪər ɛz ju kən, ðə brɑ gɪv ju ˈɛni ˈɪʃuz wɪθ freɪɪŋ ər lus θrɛdz, ənd ju ˈrɪli ˈivɪn ˈnoʊtɪs ðət ðɛr wɑz ˈɛvər ə sim ðɛr ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ðɪs ɪz wət riˈmuvd ju nid ðɛm, soʊ ənˈlɛs ju hæv səm ˈəðər juz plænd fər ðɛm, ʤɪst θroʊ ðɛm aʊt. ənd ðɪs ɪz wət jʊr brɑ wɪl lʊk laɪk wɪn dən: ðə ˈfaɪnəl fɪt tɛst: ðɪs brɑ naʊ fɪts mi ˈprɪti dɑrn wɛl. ɪt wɪl geɪp sˈlaɪtli wɪn aɪ muv maɪ ɑrmz ˈsərtən weɪz, bət nɑt ɪˈnəf tɪ meɪk mi fɔl aʊt, nɑt ɪˈnəf tɪ kɔz fɪt ˈɪʃuz, ənd nɑt ɪˈnəf tɪ ʃoʊ ˈəndər ˈkloʊðɪŋ. ðɪs ˌɔltərˈeɪʃən həz meɪd ðɪs brɑ ðə bɛst fɪt əv maɪ ˈkɑrənt roʊˈteɪʃən. ɪf aɪ ˈɔltərd ɪt, aɪ wʊd ˈoʊnli bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ wɛr ɪt ˈəndər lus ˈtiˌsərts ənd tunics*, ənd soʊ ɪt wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli spɛnd moʊst əv ɪts taɪm ɪn ðə bæk əv ðə ˈlɑnʒərˌeɪ drɔr. ɪf ðɪs ɪz ə ˈprɑbləm ju faɪnd ju rən ˈɪntu kənˈsɪstəntli, ðɪs ɪz ən ˌɔltərˈeɪʃən ju ˈdɛfənətli wɔnt tɪ kənˈsɪdər. ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˌɔltərˈeɪʃən kən bi kəmˈplitɪd ɪn lɛs ðən 30 ˈmɪnəts, ənd ðɛr ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli noʊ soʊɪŋ rikˈwaɪərd. ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts

huffington post contributor ali said sunday that fox news's eric bolling is attempting to intimidate him into silence by filing a $50 million dollar defamation lawsuit against his reporting. "he is trying to intimidate me. he sees me as a young reporter that may be scared by big lawsuits. but if he wants to wade into this pond, i'm happy to go in with him," ali host brian stelter on cnn's "reliable sources." ali pointed out that the lawsuit goes after him personally, rather than naming the huffington post. the media outlet has said it will stand with ali regarding a story that included claims by multiple women who allege bolling sent them lewd pictures. "my life history has given me a lot of experience to not be scared by these things," ali said. advertisement ali also said he stands by his report, which he said he verified with 14 sources. bolling has denied the allegations. ali called bolling "wrong" for his decision to take legal action. "he's wrong because i spent three months on this story. as you said, i have 14 sources. i've spoken to the victims, and that's on a factual basis. i know he's wrong," ali continued, adding that "the best defense of defamation is the truth." ali said intent to intimidate him is clear because bolling filed the lawsuit against him personally, not against his company that has a parent. "it's really important to note, brian, that he's suing me personally for $50 million. he did not include huffpost, which is owned by verizon, in this lawsuit. if he wants $50 million, if you feel that you've been aggrieved and you deserve damages, you go after the conglomerate, not an individual reporter," ali told stelter. ali said he welcomes the opportunity to depose the fox news host, saying he hopes his case will serve as an example to other journalists should they face similar legal actions. "i relish the opportunity to see and being deposed and to stand up for not only my first amendment rights, the first amendment rights of many reporters who me after this came out, saying that they would be scared by this kind of action," ali said. "and, you know, i'm not trying to turn myself into a representative for the media here, but i feel like i have to really fight this because of other reporters who would be frightened by this kind of action," he added. ali has demanded bolling dismiss his lawsuit over a report, published earlier this month on huffpost, detailing allegations that the host sent lewd photos of male genitalia to two female coworkers at fox news and fox business. in a statement included in ali's article, attorney michael bowe said the host "recalls no such inappropriate communications, does not believe he sent any such communications, and will vigorously pursue his legal remedies for any false and defamatory accusations that are made.” bolling was suspended from fox a day after the article was published and the network launched an investigation into the matter. fox news told cnn that bolling remains suspended while an outside law firm investigates the allegations.

ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst kənˈtrɪbjətər ˈɑli sɛd ˈsənˌdi ðət fɑks ˈnuzɪz ˈɛrɪk ˈboʊlɪŋ ɪz əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪt ɪm ˈɪntu ˈsaɪləns baɪ ˈfaɪlɪŋ ə 50 ˈmɪljən ˈdɔlər ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən ˈlɔˌsut əˈgɛnst hɪz rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ. "hi ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪt mi. hi siz mi ɛz ə jəŋ rɪˈpɔrtər ðət meɪ bi skɛrd baɪ bɪg ˈlɔˌsuts. bət ɪf hi wɔnts tɪ weɪd ˈɪntu ðɪs pɑnd, əm ˈhæpi tɪ goʊ ɪn wɪθ ɪm," ˈɑli hoʊst braɪən ˈstɛltər ɔn ˈsiˈɛˈnɛnz "rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈsɔrsəz." ˈɑli ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ðə ˈlɔˌsut goʊz ˈæftər ɪm ˈpərsənəli, ˈrəðər ðən ˈneɪmɪŋ ðə ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst. ðə ˈmidiə ˈaʊˌtlɛt həz sɛd ɪt wɪl stænd wɪθ ˈɑli rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ə ˈstɔri ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd kleɪmz baɪ ˈməltəpəl ˈwɪmən hu əˈlɛʤ ˈboʊlɪŋ sɛnt ðɛm lud ˈpɪkʧərz. "maɪ laɪf ˈhɪstəri həz ˈgɪvɪn mi ə lɔt əv ɪkˈspɪriəns tɪ nɑt bi skɛrd baɪ ðiz θɪŋz," ˈɑli sɛd. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈɑli ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd hi stændz baɪ hɪz rɪˈpɔrt, wɪʧ hi sɛd hi ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd wɪθ 14 ˈsɔrsəz. ˈboʊlɪŋ həz dɪˈnaɪd ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz. ˈɑli kɔld ˈboʊlɪŋ "rɔŋ" fər hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ teɪk ˈligəl ˈækʃən. "hiz rɔŋ bɪˈkəz aɪ spɛnt θri mənθs ɔn ðɪs ˈstɔri. ɛz ju sɛd, aɪ hæv 14 ˈsɔrsəz. aɪv ˈspoʊkən tɪ ðə ˈvɪktɪmz, ənd ðæts ɔn ə ˈfækʧuəl ˈbeɪsɪs. aɪ noʊ hiz rɔŋ," ˈɑli kənˈtɪnjud, ˈædɪŋ ðət "ðə bɛst dɪˈfɛns əv ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən ɪz ðə truθ." ˈɑli sɛd ˌɪnˈtɛnt tɪ ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪt ɪm ɪz klɪr bɪˈkəz ˈboʊlɪŋ faɪld ðə ˈlɔˌsut əˈgɛnst ɪm ˈpərsənəli, nɑt əˈgɛnst hɪz ˈkəmpəˌni ðət həz ə ˈpɛrənt. "ɪts ˈrɪli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt, braɪən, ðət hiz suɪŋ mi ˈpərsənəli fər 50 ˈmɪljən. hi dɪd nɑt ˌɪnˈklud huffpost*, wɪʧ ɪz oʊnd baɪ ˌvɛˈraɪzən, ɪn ðɪs ˈlɔˌsut. ɪf hi wɔnts 50 ˈmɪljən, ɪf ju fil ðət juv bɪn əˈgrivd ənd ju dɪˈzərv ˈdæmɪʤɪz, ju goʊ ˈæftər ðə kənˈglɑmərət, nɑt ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl rɪˈpɔrtər," ˈɑli toʊld ˈstɛltər. ˈɑli sɛd hi ˈwɛlkəmz ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ dɪˈpoʊz ðə fɑks nuz hoʊst, seɪɪŋ hi hoʊps hɪz keɪs wɪl sərv ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl tɪ ˈəðər ˈʤərnəlɪsts ʃʊd ðeɪ feɪs ˈsɪmələr ˈligəl ˈækʃənz. "aɪ ˈrɛlɪʃ ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ si ənd biɪŋ dɪˈpoʊzd ənd tɪ stænd əp fər nɑt ˈoʊnli maɪ fərst əˈmɛndmənt raɪts, ðə fərst əˈmɛndmənt raɪts əv ˈmɛni rɪˈpɔrtərz hu mi ˈæftər ðɪs keɪm aʊt, seɪɪŋ ðət ðeɪ wʊd bi skɛrd baɪ ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈækʃən," ˈɑli sɛd. "ənd, ju noʊ, əm nɑt traɪɪŋ tɪ tərn ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈɪntu ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv fər ðə ˈmidiə hir, bət aɪ fil laɪk aɪ hæv tɪ ˈrɪli faɪt ðɪs bɪˈkəz əv ˈəðər rɪˈpɔrtərz hu wʊd bi ˈfraɪtənd baɪ ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈækʃən," hi ˈædɪd. ˈɑli həz dɪˈmændɪd ˈboʊlɪŋ dɪsˈmɪs hɪz ˈlɔˌsut ˈoʊvər ə rɪˈpɔrt, ˈpəblɪʃt ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ ɔn huffpost*, dɪˈteɪlɪŋ ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ðət ðə hoʊst sɛnt lud ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv meɪl ʤɛnəˈtɑljə tɪ tu ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkoʊˈwərkərz æt fɑks nuz ənd fɑks ˈbɪznɪs. ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ˈɑliz ˈɑrtɪkəl, əˈtərni ˈmaɪkəl boʊ sɛd ðə hoʊst "ˈriˌkɔlz noʊ səʧ ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz, dɪz nɑt bɪˈliv hi sɛnt ˈɛni səʧ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz, ənd wɪl ˈvɪgərəsli pərˈsu hɪz ˈligəl ˈrɛmədiz fər ˈɛni fɔls ənd dɪˈfæməˌtɔri ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz ðət ər made.”*.” ˈboʊlɪŋ wɑz səˈspɛndɪd frəm fɑks ə deɪ ˈæftər ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ənd ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk lɔnʧt ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˈmætər. fɑks nuz toʊld ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ðət ˈboʊlɪŋ rɪˈmeɪnz səˈspɛndɪd waɪl ən ˈaʊtˈsaɪd lɔ fərm ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪts ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz.

the american coal industry is terminally ill and that should serve as a warning to investors who might be tempted to put their money into other fossil fuels. that’s the gist of a new report from the carbon tracker initiative, which warns that oil and natural gas could also wind up becoming stranded assets property that under other scenarios could be worth a lot of money, but not in the real situation we face as the climate warms and the market shifts in response. coal use has been from economic growth for a number of reasons, the report finds. the biggest is the availability of other cheap sources of energy since 2008, the abundance of shale gas from boom has played a big role in driving that trend, but so have renewable energies like solar and wind. increasingly strict regulations on air pollution and the energy sector from the obama have also played a role. “cheap gas has knocked coal off its feet, and the need to improve air quality and costs has kept coal down for the count,” said luke sussams, of the report and a carbon tracker senior researcher. he and his colleagues posit that investors in oil, and eventually even natural gas, could see a similar trend. the carbon tracker initiative was one of the first groups to promote the idea of a “carbon bubble,” in which, as the world confronts global warming, fossil fuel investors would see the value of their assets collapse. companies stand to lose billions, the think tank said. this carbon tracker report comes on the heels of a separate report from and the sierra club that looks at international coal use. that picture, too, does not look good for fossil fuel investors. from “boom and bust: tracking the global coal plant pipeline”: in india, projects shelved or cancelled since 2012 outnumber project completions by six to one, and new construction are at a near-standstill. in both europe and the u.s., the coal fleet is shrinking, with retirements outnumbering new plants. china faces a looming glut in generating capacity, with plant utilization rates at a low. the report also finds that more than two dozen u.s. coal companies have gone bankrupt in the past three years, and those that lost more than 80 percent of their share value. the coal industry, of course, disputes these gloomy assessments. peabody energy, the largest coal company in the u.s., recently predicted that u.s. coal usage would increase 10 million to 30 million tons by 2017, and global demand could grow by 500 million metric tons during the same period. the company and its friends are also making every effort to challenge forthcoming regulations that could hasten collapse. the company is paying constitutional scholar and former obama mentor laurence tribe to argue that the clean power plan is unconstitutional. and allies in congress are trying to undermine the plan with, among other things, an amendment to a big budget bill that would allow states to opt out. if the amendment passes, it will likely face a presidential veto, spurring yet another budget standoff. but, as the carbon tracker report shows, the’s efforts are just one factor among many that have weakened prospects. ultimately, the industry is up against a global energy economy in which coal, with its huge environmental and health costs, increasingly just make sense. and no amount of lobbying congress or arguing in court will slow that trend.

ðə əˈmɛrɪkən koʊl ˈɪndəstri ɪz ˈtərmənəli ɪl ənd ðət ʃʊd sərv ɛz ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstərz hu maɪt bi ˈtɛmptɪd tɪ pʊt ðɛr ˈməni ˈɪntu ˈəðər ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz. ðə ʤɪst əv ə nu rɪˈpɔrt frəm ðə ˈkɑrbən ˈtrækər ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv, wɪʧ wɔrnz ðət ɔɪl ənd ˈnæʧərəl gæs kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ wɪnd əp bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈstrændɪd ˈæˌsɛts ˈprɑpərti ðət ˈəndər ˈəðər sɪˈnɛrioʊz kʊd bi wərθ ə lɔt əv ˈməni, bət nɑt ɪn ðə ril ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wi feɪs ɛz ðə ˈklaɪmɪt wɔrmz ənd ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ʃɪfts ɪn rɪˈspɑns. koʊl juz həz bɪn frəm ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ fər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈrizənz, ðə rɪˈpɔrt faɪndz. ðə ˈbɪgəst ɪz ðə əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti əv ˈəðər ʧip ˈsɔrsəz əv ˈɛnərʤi sɪns 2008 ðə əˈbəndəns əv ʃeɪl gæs frəm bum həz pleɪd ə bɪg roʊl ɪn ˈdraɪvɪŋ ðət trɛnd, bət soʊ hæv riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤiz laɪk ˈsoʊlər ənd wɪnd. ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli strɪkt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ɔn ɛr pəˈluʃən ənd ðə ˈɛnərʤi ˈsɛktər frəm ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə hæv ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪd ə roʊl. gæs həz nɑkt koʊl ɔf ɪts fit, ənd ðə nid tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ɛr kˈwɑləti ənd kɔsts həz kɛpt koʊl daʊn fər ðə count,”*,” sɛd luk sussams*, əv ðə rɪˈpɔrt ənd ə ˈkɑrbən ˈtrækər ˈsinjər ˈrisərʧər. hi ənd hɪz ˈkɑligz ˈpɑzət ðət ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ɪn ɔɪl, ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈivɪn ˈnæʧərəl gæs, kʊd si ə ˈsɪmələr trɛnd. ðə ˈkɑrbən ˈtrækər ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv wɑz wən əv ðə fərst grups tɪ prəˈmoʊt ðə aɪˈdiə əv ə bubble,”*,” ɪn wɪʧ, ɛz ðə wərld kənˈfrənts ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ, ˈfɑsəl fjuəl ˌɪnˈvɛstərz wʊd si ðə ˈvælju əv ðɛr ˈæˌsɛts kəˈlæps. ˈkəmpəˌniz stænd tɪ luz ˈbɪljənz, ðə θɪŋk tæŋk sɛd. ðɪs ˈkɑrbən ˈtrækər rɪˈpɔrt kəmz ɔn ðə hilz əv ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt rɪˈpɔrt frəm ənd ðə siˈɛrə kləb ðət lʊks æt ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl koʊl juz. ðət ˈpɪkʧər, tu, dɪz nɑt lʊk gʊd fər ˈfɑsəl fjuəl ˌɪnˈvɛstərz. frəm ənd bəst: ˈtrækɪŋ ðə ˈgloʊbəl koʊl plænt pipeline”*”: ɪn ˈɪndiə, ˈprɑʤɛkts ʃɛlvd ər ˈkænsəld sɪns 2012 aʊtˈnəmbər ˈprɑʤɛkt kəmˈpliʃənz baɪ sɪks tɪ wən, ənd nu kənˈstrəkʃən ər æt ə near-standstill*. ɪn boʊθ ˈjʊrəp ənd ðə juz., ðə koʊl flit ɪz ʃˈrɪŋkɪŋ, wɪθ rɪˈtaɪrmənts ˈaʊtˌnəmbərɪŋ nu plænts. ˈʧaɪnə ˈfeɪsɪz ə ˈlumɪŋ glət ɪn ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ kəˈpæsɪti, wɪθ plænt ˌjutələˈzeɪʃən reɪts æt ə loʊ. ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɔlsoʊ faɪndz ðət mɔr ðən tu ˈdəzən juz. koʊl ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv gɔn ˈbæŋkrəpt ɪn ðə pæst θri jɪrz, ənd ðoʊz ðət lɔst mɔr ðən 80 pərˈsɛnt əv ðɛr ʃɛr ˈvælju. ðə koʊl ˈɪndəstri, əv kɔrs, dɪˈspjuts ðiz ˈglumi əˈsɛsmənts. ˈpiˌbɑdi ˈɛnərʤi, ðə ˈlɑrʤəst koʊl ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn ðə juz., ˈrisəntli prɪˈdɪktɪd ðət juz. koʊl ˈjusɪʤ wʊd ˌɪnˈkris 10 ˈmɪljən tɪ 30 ˈmɪljən tənz baɪ 2017 ənd ˈgloʊbəl dɪˈmænd kʊd groʊ baɪ 500 ˈmɪljən ˈmɛtrɪk tənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈpɪriəd. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ənd ɪts frɛndz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈɛvəri ˈɛfərt tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ðət kʊd ˈheɪsən kəˈlæps. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz peɪɪŋ ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ˈskɑlər ənd ˈfɔrmər ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈmɛnˌtɔr ˈlɔrəns traɪb tɪ ˈɑrgju ðət ðə klin paʊər plæn ɪz ˌənˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl. ənd ˈælaɪz ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs ər traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə plæn wɪθ, əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz, ən əˈmɛndmənt tɪ ə bɪg ˈbəʤɪt bɪl ðət wʊd əˈlaʊ steɪts tɪ ɑpt aʊt. ɪf ðə əˈmɛndmənt ˈpæsɪz, ɪt wɪl ˈlaɪkli feɪs ə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈviˌtoʊ, spərɪŋ jɛt əˈnəðər ˈbəʤɪt ˈstænˌdɔf. bət, ɛz ðə ˈkɑrbən ˈtrækər rɪˈpɔrt ʃoʊz, ðə ˈɛfərts ər ʤɪst wən ˈfæktər əˈməŋ ˈmɛni ðət hæv ˈwikənd ˈprɑspɛkts. ˈəltəmətli, ðə ˈɪndəstri ɪz əp əˈgɛnst ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈɛnərʤi ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪn wɪʧ koʊl, wɪθ ɪts juʤ ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ənd hɛlθ kɔsts, ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ʤɪst meɪk sɛns. ənd noʊ əˈmaʊnt əv ˈlɑbiɪŋ ˈkɑŋgrəs ər ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ɪn kɔrt wɪl sloʊ ðət trɛnd.

the jelly bean (jro03o) update that popped up on a verizon galaxy nexus last night is now available for download. if you want to flash it though, there are a couple of things you should know. first, you need to make sure your stock is running. second, this is a test build and apparently not the official build that users will see. so if neither of those things bother you, then you should jump all over this. it’s being reported that this build contains both a new and, wait for it, new radios lte). that may make it worth it, right there. download: google link [mirror] instructions: the easiest way to do this, is to get yourself back to stock imm76k. that may mean that you will need to flash factory images and wipe everything. from there, install recovery, download the file and flash it using “install zip from card.” after that, download the new jelly bean (jro03o) file to your phone and flash it in recovery just like you did with. (this is a fantastic resource.) also, you could wait until someone turns this into a .zip for any rom. update: radios from the update have been posted here. via: cheers el madhatter,, jason and manny!

ðə ˈʤɛli bin (jro03o*) ˈəpˌdeɪt ðət pɑpt əp ɔn ə ˌvɛˈraɪzən ˈgæləksi ˈnɛksəs læst naɪt ɪz naʊ əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈdaʊnˌloʊd. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ flæʃ ɪt ðoʊ, ðɛr ər ə ˈkəpəl əv θɪŋz ju ʃʊd noʊ. fərst, ju nid tɪ meɪk ʃʊr jʊr stɑk ɪz ˈrənɪŋ. ˈsɛkənd, ðɪs ɪz ə tɛst bɪld ənd əˈpɛrəntli nɑt ðə əˈfɪʃəl bɪld ðət ˈjuzərz wɪl si. soʊ ɪf ˈniðər əv ðoʊz θɪŋz ˈbɑðər ju, ðɛn ju ʃʊd ʤəmp ɔl ˈoʊvər ðɪs. biɪŋ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðɪs bɪld kənˈteɪnz boʊθ ə nu ənd, weɪt fər ɪt, nu ˈreɪdiˌoʊz lte*). ðət meɪ meɪk ɪt wərθ ɪt, raɪt ðɛr. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd: ˈgugəl lɪŋk [ˈmɪrər] ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz: ðə ˈiziəst weɪ tɪ du ðɪs, ɪz tɪ gɪt ˈjɔrsɛlf bæk tɪ stɑk imm76k*. ðət meɪ min ðət ju wɪl nid tɪ flæʃ ˈfæktəri ˈɪmɪʤɪz ənd waɪp ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. frəm ðɛr, ˌɪnˈstɔl rɪˈkəvəri, ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə faɪl ənd flæʃ ɪt ˈjuzɪŋ zɪp frəm card.”*.” ˈæftər ðət, ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə nu ˈʤɛli bin (jro03o*) faɪl tɪ jʊr foʊn ənd flæʃ ɪt ɪn rɪˈkəvəri ʤɪst laɪk ju dɪd wɪθ. (ðɪs ɪz ə fænˈtæstɪk ˈrisɔrs.) ˈɔlsoʊ, ju kʊd weɪt ənˈtɪl ˈsəmˌwən tərnz ðɪs ˈɪntu ə .zɪp fər ˈɛni rɑm. ˈəpˌdeɪt: ˈreɪdiˌoʊz frəm ðə ˈəpˌdeɪt hæv bɪn ˈpoʊstɪd hir. ˈviə: ʧɪrz ɛl madhatter*, ˈʤeɪsən ənd ˈmæni!

0 shares facebook twitter google print mail as former acting attorney general sally yates prepares to testify, donald trump lashed out this morning via his customary outlet, twitter, to attack both the obama administration and sally yates herself. in his first tweet, trump went after the obama administration, attempting to shift blame for the hiring of michael flynn off himself and onto his predecessor: general flynn was given the highest security clearance by the obama administration but the fake news seldom likes talking about that. donald j. trump (@realdonaldtrump) may 8, 2017 oh, dear, things seem to have gotten too deep for trump almost immediately, as national security expert and former analyst john schindler quickly pointed out: wh does not adjudicate clearances. obama fired as dia director because he's an incompetent asshat. john schindler (@20committee) may 8, 2017 schindler further dismantled absurd attempt at by a simple appeal to logic and fact: flynn was commissioned in army mi in 1981. by trump's "logic" reagan, bush 41, clinton, bush 43 & obama all cleared him. this is insane bs. john schindler (@20committee) may 8, 2017 trump’s second tweet was directed at sally yates: ask sally yates, under oath, if she knows how classified information got into the newspapers soon after she explained it to w.h. council. donald j. trump (@realdonaldtrump) may 8, 2017 again, schindler quickly pointed to the fly in buttermilk (a mistake trump has since quietly corrected to “counsel”): there's a counsel. and there's a national security council. there is no council". is a complete moron. john schindler (@20committee) may 8, 2017 schindler followed that up with a stinging condemnation of continued dishonesty andere going to get him (hint: not a good place): there's so much dishonest desperation in this tweet you can taste it across the room. gonna be a bad week for trump & his pals. john schindler (@20committee) may 8, 2017 donald trump has good reason to be frightened and good reason to want to shift blame for his hiring of kremlin mole michael flynn onto obama,o fired the guy and to discredit sally yates,o has the proverbial “goods” on donald trump. john schindler called it: trump is a complete moron and he has only himself to blame for the fix inich he finds himself. his desperate and increasingly pathetic attempts to blame everybody himself for everything he did wrong will stand out in historical accounts of his dizzying fall from the heights vaulting ambition. if ready to read more from the and team, sign up for our newsletter here! email address: leave this field empty if you're human:

0 ʃɛrz ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər ˈgugəl prɪnt meɪl ɛz ˈfɔrmər ˈæktɪŋ əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsæli jeɪts pərˈpɛrz tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ, ˈdɑnəld trəmp læʃt aʊt ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈviə hɪz ˈkəstəˌmɛri ˈaʊˌtlɛt, tˈwɪtər, tɪ əˈtæk boʊθ ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ənd ˈsæli jeɪts hərˈsɛlf. ɪn hɪz fərst twit, trəmp wɛnt ˈæftər ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ʃɪft bleɪm fər ðə ˈhaɪrɪŋ əv ˈmaɪkəl flɪn ɔf hɪmˈsɛlf ənd ˈɔntu hɪz ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər: ˈʤɛnərəl flɪn wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ðə haɪəst sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈklɪrəns baɪ ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən bət ðə feɪk nuz ˈsɛldəm laɪks ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðət. ˈdɑnəld ʤeɪ. trəmp (@realdonaldtrump*) meɪ 8 2017 oʊ, dɪr, θɪŋz sim tɪ hæv ˈgɔtən tu dip fər trəmp ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli, ɛz ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɛkspərt ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈænəlɪst ʤɑn ˈʃɪndlər kˈwɪkli ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt: dɪz nɑt əˈʤudɪˌkeɪt ˈklɪrənsɪz. ˌoʊˈbɑmə faɪərd ɛz ˈdiə dɪˈrɛktər bɪˈkəz hiz ən ˌɪnˈkɑmpətənt asshat*. ʤɑn ˈʃɪndlər 20committee*) meɪ 8 2017 ˈʃɪndlər ˈfərðər dɪsˈmænəld əbˈsərd əˈtɛmpt æt baɪ ə ˈsɪmpəl əˈpil tɪ ˈlɑʤɪk ənd fækt: flɪn wɑz kəˈmɪʃənd ɪn ˈɑrmi mi ɪn 1981 baɪ trəmps "ˈlɑʤɪk" ˈrigən, bʊʃ 41 ˈklɪntən, bʊʃ 43 ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɔl klɪrd ɪm. ðɪs ɪz ˌɪnˈseɪn bs*. ʤɑn ˈʃɪndlər 20committee*) meɪ 8 2017 ˈsɛkənd twit wɑz dɪˈrɛktɪd æt ˈsæli jeɪts: æsk ˈsæli jeɪts, ˈəndər oʊθ, ɪf ʃi noʊz haʊ ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən gɑt ˈɪntu ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz sun ˈæftər ʃi ɪkˈspleɪnd ɪt tɪ w.h*. ˈkaʊnsəl. ˈdɑnəld ʤeɪ. trəmp (@realdonaldtrump*) meɪ 8 2017 əˈgɛn, ˈʃɪndlər kˈwɪkli ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ðə flaɪ ɪn ˈbətərˌmɪlk (ə mɪˈsteɪk trəmp həz sɪns kˈwaɪətli kərˈɛktɪd tɪ ““counsel”*”): ðɛrz ə ˈkaʊnsəl. ənd ðɛrz ə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkaʊnsəl. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈkaʊnsəl". ɪz ə kəmˈplit ˈmɔˌrɑn. ʤɑn ˈʃɪndlər 20committee*) meɪ 8 2017 ˈʃɪndlər ˈfɑloʊd ðət əp wɪθ ə ˈstɪŋɪŋ ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən əv kənˈtɪnjud dɪˈsɑnəsti ənd wɛr goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt ɪm (hɪnt: nɑt ə gʊd pleɪs): ðɛrz soʊ məʧ dɪˈsɑnəst ˌdɛspərˈeɪʃɪn ɪn ðɪs twit ju kən teɪst ɪt əˈkrɔs ðə rum. ˈgɑnə bi ə bæd wik fər trəmp hɪz pælz. ʤɑn ˈʃɪndlər 20committee*) meɪ 8 2017 ˈdɑnəld trəmp həz gʊd ˈrizən tɪ bi ˈfraɪtənd ənd gʊd ˈrizən tɪ wɔnt tɪ ʃɪft bleɪm fər hɪz ˈhaɪrɪŋ əv ˈkrɛmlɪn moʊl ˈmaɪkəl flɪn ˈɔntu ˌoʊˈbɑmə, hu faɪərd ðə gaɪ ənd tɪ dɪˈskrɛdət ˈsæli jeɪts, hu həz ðə prəˈvərbiəl ““goods”*” ɔn ˈdɑnəld trəmp. ʤɑn ˈʃɪndlər kɔld ɪt: trəmp ɪz ə kəmˈplit ˈmɔˌrɑn ənd hi həz ˈoʊnli hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ bleɪm fər ðə fɪks ɪn wɪʧ hi faɪndz hɪmˈsɛlf. hɪz ˈdɛspərɪt ənd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli pəˈθɛtɪk əˈtɛmpts tɪ bleɪm ˈɛvriˌbɑdi hɪmˈsɛlf fər ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ hi dɪd rɔŋ wɪl stænd aʊt ɪn hɪˈstɔrɪkəl əˈkaʊnts əv hɪz ˈdɪziɪŋ fɔl frəm ðə haɪts ˈvɔltɪŋ æmˈbɪʃən. ɪf ˈrɛdi tɪ rɛd mɔr frəm ðə ənd tim, saɪn əp fər ɑr ˈnuzˌlɛtər hir! iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs: liv ðɪs fild ˈɛmti ɪf jʊr ˈjumən:

ethereum’s (eth) troubled but byzantium is officially here as the fifth hard fork. as creator celebrated with other developers sunday, byzantium fought off last-minute bugs and calls for delays to have a stable issuance. the move was notable in its lack of contention, with no significant community arguments resulting from creation. similarly, prices remained relatively stable both before and after the execution, rising around $40 october 13 and maintaining new levels since. this takes towards the upper end of its price spectrum, which this year saw all-time highs of around $410 and a july low of $146. despite the frenetic growth of investment inereum this year, byzantium is part of a package of improvements to the protocol that has been in development since 2015. known as metropolis, its currently extends to an unknown date in 2018, when a further hard fork, constantinople, will activate. “metropolis is a plannedereum development phase that includes two hard forks: byzantium and constantinople. byzantium is occurring at block number 4.37mil. constantinople does not currently have a release date, but is expected in a blog post from late last week confirms.

ethereum’s* (eth*) ˈtrəbəld bət bəˈzæntiəm ɪz əˈfɪʃəli hir ɛz ðə fɪθ hɑrd fɔrk. ɛz kriˈeɪtər ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd wɪθ ˈəðər dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈsənˌdi, bəˈzæntiəm fɔt ɔf ˌlæsˈmɪnət bəgz ənd kɔlz fər dɪˈleɪz tɪ hæv ə ˈsteɪbəl ˈɪʃuəns. ðə muv wɑz ˈnoʊtəbəl ɪn ɪts læk əv kənˈtɛnʃən, wɪθ noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt kəmˈjunɪti ˈɑrgjəmənts rɪˈzəltɪŋ frəm kriˈeɪʃən. ˈsɪmələrli, ˈpraɪsɪz rɪˈmeɪnd ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈsteɪbəl boʊθ ˌbiˈfɔr ənd ˈæftər ðə ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən, ˈraɪzɪŋ əraʊnd 40 ɑkˈtoʊbər 13 ənd meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ nu ˈlɛvəlz sɪns. ðɪs teɪks təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈəpər ɛnd əv ɪts praɪs ˈspɛktrəm, wɪʧ ðɪs jɪr sɔ ˌɔlˈtaɪm haɪz əv əraʊnd 410 ənd ə ˌʤuˈlaɪ loʊ əv 146 dɪˈspaɪt ðə frəˈnɛtɪk groʊθ əv ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn ðɪs jɪr, bəˈzæntiəm ɪz pɑrt əv ə ˈpækɪʤ əv ˌɪmˈpruvmənts tɪ ðə ˈproʊtəˌkɔl ðət həz bɪn ɪn dɪˈvɛləpmənt sɪns 2015 noʊn ɛz məˈtrɑpələs, ɪts ˈkərəntli ɪkˈstɛndz tɪ ən ənˈnoʊn deɪt ɪn 2018 wɪn ə ˈfərðər hɑrd fɔrk, ˌkɑnstæntəˈnoʊpəl, wɪl ˈæktəˌveɪt. ɪz ə plænd dɪˈvɛləpmənt feɪz ðət ˌɪnˈkludz tu hɑrd fɔrks: bəˈzæntiəm ənd ˌkɑnstæntəˈnoʊpəl. bəˈzæntiəm ɪz əˈkərɪŋ æt blɑk ˈnəmbər 4.37mil*. ˌkɑnstæntəˈnoʊpəl dɪz nɑt ˈkərəntli hæv ə riˈlis deɪt, bət ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd ɪn ə blɔg poʊst frəm leɪt læst wik kənˈfərmz.

a new rumble game will become the first to feature style interactive toys, as nintendo takes a typically cautious approach to technology. we bother catching ‘em all you’d never guess it at the moment but the wii u has (near field communication) technology built into it, the same tech that the powers the portal of power from. but at the moment not a single game uses it or has even been announced for it until now. unfortunately though you could barely get anything less exciting than game scramble u, the third entry in what is known in the west as the rumble series. the game was announced last month in japan and seems to be the same sort of low grade shooter as super rumble, which we awarded a scathing in our review. advertisement advertisement for some reason nintendo keep making the games though (we assume that means popular in japan, although seen no evidence for that in the sales chart) and japanese magazine has revealed that scramble u will have its own range of toys to accompany it. the conceit in the rumble games is that not actually controlling real but instead little toy versions of them, hence the odd angular designs. as you can see in the image above that means the physical toys look much like regular either, so presumably be reused for other games. only six basic figures and a special character have been announced so far though, which suggests nintendo are merely testing (or perhaps muddying) the waters. each toy will cost the equivalent of, which is considerably cheaper than any toy. by placing the toy near the it opens up the character to be used within the game. given the low price though the figures are unlikely to store any game data, unlike their equivalents. skylanders has been such a success, becoming the second biggest in gaming, after own call of duty, that disney has overcome its usual distaste for console games and announced its own take on the idea called disney infinity. thoughts? email or leave a comment below

ə nu ˈrəmbəl geɪm wɪl bɪˈkəm ðə fərst tɪ ˈfiʧər staɪl ˌɪnərˈæktɪv tɔɪz, ɛz nɪnˈtɛndoʊ teɪks ə ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈkɔʃəs əˈproʊʧ tɪ tɛkˈnɑləʤi. wi ˈbɑðər ˈkæʧɪŋ ɔl ˈnɛvər gɛs ɪt æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt bət ðə wi ju həz (nɪr fild kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən) tɛkˈnɑləʤi bɪlt ˈɪntu ɪt, ðə seɪm tɛk ðət ðə paʊərz ðə ˈpɔrtəl əv paʊər frəm. bət æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt nɑt ə ˈsɪŋgəl geɪm ˈjuzɪz ɪt ər həz ˈivɪn bɪn əˈnaʊnst fər ɪt ənˈtɪl naʊ. ənˈfɔrʧənətli ðoʊ ju kʊd ˈbɛrli gɪt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ lɛs ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ðən geɪm ˈskræmbəl ju, ðə θərd ˈɛntri ɪn wət ɪz noʊn ɪn ðə wɛst ɛz ðə ˈrəmbəl ˈsɪriz. ðə geɪm wɑz əˈnaʊnst læst mənθ ɪn ʤəˈpæn ənd simz tɪ bi ðə seɪm sɔrt əv loʊ greɪd ˈʃutər ɛz ˈsupər ˈrəmbəl, wɪʧ wi əˈwɔrdɪd ə ˈskeɪðɪŋ ɪn ɑr ˌrivˈju. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt fər səm ˈrizən nɪnˈtɛndoʊ kip ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə geɪmz ðoʊ (wi əˈsum ðət minz ˈpɑpjələr ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ˌɔlˈðoʊ sin noʊ ˈɛvədəns fər ðət ɪn ðə seɪlz ʧɑrt) ənd ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈmægəˌzin həz rɪˈvild ðət ˈskræmbəl ju wɪl hæv ɪts oʊn reɪnʤ əv tɔɪz tɪ əˈkəmpəni ɪt. ðə kənˈsit ɪn ðə ˈrəmbəl geɪmz ɪz ðət nɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ril bət ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈlɪtəl tɔɪ ˈvərʒənz əv ðɛm, hɛns ðə ɑd ˈæŋgjələr dɪˈzaɪnz. ɛz ju kən si ɪn ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əˈbəv ðət minz ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl tɔɪz lʊk məʧ laɪk ˈrɛgjələr ˈiðər, soʊ prɪˈzuməbli bi riuzd fər ˈəðər geɪmz. ˈoʊnli sɪks ˈbeɪsɪk ˈfɪgjərz ənd ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈkɛrɪktər hæv bɪn əˈnaʊnst soʊ fɑr ðoʊ, wɪʧ səˈʤɛsts nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ər ˈmɪrli ˈtɛstɪŋ (ər pərˈhæps ˈmədiɪŋ) ðə ˈwɔtərz. iʧ tɔɪ wɪl kɔst ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv wɪʧ ɪz kənˈsɪdərəbli ˈʧipər ðən ˈɛni tɔɪ. baɪ ˈpleɪsɪŋ ðə tɔɪ nɪr ðə ɪt ˈoʊpənz əp ðə ˈkɛrɪktər tɪ bi juzd wɪˈθɪn ðə geɪm. ˈgɪvɪn ðə loʊ praɪs ðoʊ ðə ˈfɪgjərz ər ənˈlaɪkli tɪ stɔr ˈɛni geɪm ˈdætə, ənˈlaɪk ðɛr ɪkˈwɪvələnts. həz bɪn səʧ ə səkˈsɛs, bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈbɪgəst ɪn ˈgeɪmɪŋ, ˈæftər oʊn kɔl əv ˈduti, ðət ˈdɪzni həz ˈoʊvərˌkəm ɪts ˈjuʒəwəl dɪˈsteɪst fər ˈkɑnsoʊl geɪmz ənd əˈnaʊnst ɪts oʊn teɪk ɔn ðə aɪˈdiə kɔld ˈdɪzni ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti. θɔts? iˈmeɪl ər liv ə ˈkɑmɛnt bɪˈloʊ

the pentagon budget will shrink slightly next year for the first time since 1998, the obama administration said thurs­day, in an attempt to chip away at the federal deficit while the armed forces toward asia. under the proposal, the administration will reduce the size of the army and marine corps, trim the number of fighter aircraft and ships, and seek congressional approval for another round of military base closures. the administration will instead spend more on unmanned vehicles and special operations forces that can be deployed quickly and will not require large, expensive bases. the military will also largely preserve its manpower and weapons systems geared toward the middle east. the pentagon said it would ask congress for $525 billion in 2013, which represents a 1 percent decrease from the current year. while the difference may sound small, it represents a new era of austerity for the defense department that would have been unthinkable just a few years ago, when the military was still accustomed to huge annual raises after the attacks of sept. 11, 2001. pentagon leaders characterized the cuts in solemn tones. defense secretary leon e. panetta called them a “difficult undertaking.” army gen. martin e. dempsey, the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, added: “make no mistake, the trade-offs were tough. the choices were complex.” the changes are part of a broader effort by the pentagon to decrease its projected spending by $487 billion over the next decade in accordance with a deal president obama reached with congress in august. those cuts could soon swell substantially. if obama and congress cannot agree on another package of spending reductions or tax increases by next january, the pentagon could be forced to slash an extra $600 billion over 10 years. “it basically takes a chain saw to the budget,” said adm. james a. jr., vice chairman of the joint chiefs of staff. many analysts say that the chances of that happening are small, and that obama and congress are likely to work out a compromise ahead of time. but even if they do, many believe the pentagon is in for more pain as lawmakers search for a long-term solution to the fiscal troubles. “in terms of the overall federal budget, these changes are a rounding error,” thomas donnelly, a defense analyst at the american enterprise institute, said of pentagon budget for next year. donnelly said the fiscal future will depend on the outcome of the presidential election in november. “either it will get worse for the department of defense if obama gets reelected or newt gingrich gets elected, or it will get better for the pentagon if mitt romney gets elected.” aside from the cuts to the army, which will eventually reduce the number of soldiers to from, most of the reductions revealed thursday had been previously announced or involved less costly items. panetta noted that the army and the marine corps will still be slightly larger than they were in 2001, before the invasion of afghanistan and the subsequent war in iraq. among the few weapons systems getting the ax are a defense weather satellite, a version of the global hawk surveillance drone and a radar with a mouthful of a name: the joint land attack cruise missile defense elevated netted sensor system. of the total $259 billion in cuts to projected spending over the next five years, almost one quarter $60 billion will come from what the pentagon obliquely called “efficiencies.” defense officials said they would save more on “streamlined staff,” better use of “information technology” and “inventory management” but more specific. several items that had been under scrutiny survived. the pentagon said it will preserve all versions of its next generation lightning fighter jet, also known as the joint strike fighter, although some planned purchases will be delayed. the air force will also eliminate six of its 60 tactical air squadrons. each has from 18 to 24 fighter aircraft, mostly older or f-16s. the navy got to keep all 11 of its aircraft carriers, although it will have to retire seven aging cruisers earlier than expected. it will also cut back production of two littoral combat ships and eight joint high speed vessels. panetta signaled that the pentagon is willing to tackle a couple of politically sensitive topics: closing military bases and limiting compensation for troops and veterans. he said the obama administration will ask congress to establish a new base closure and realignment commission, which would enforce another round of military base closures nationwide. congress approved the last round of base closures in 2005. most lawmakers, however, hate the idea of shuttering bases in their districts. “make no mistake, the savings we are proposing will impact all 50 states, and many districts across america,” panetta said. “this will be a test a test of whether reducing the deficit is about talk or action.” he also said he will ask congress to approve a separate commission to authorize reductions in retirement benefits, which have accounted for an increasingly steep share of the defense budget. moreover, he said the pentagon would limit pay raises for troops another idea that is unlikely to win much favor from lawmakers, who consistently award pay hikes larger than those sought by defense officials. panetta emphasized that any changes to retirement benefits would affect only future recruits, not those currently in the armed forces. he also said the pay raises would not take effect until 2015. also declining will be a separate budget dedicated to the cost of fighting the wars in iraq, afghanistan and certain other overseas operations. obama is asking congress for $88 billion for the afghan war next year, down from $115 billion in the current fiscal year, which included the costs of winding down the war in iraq. although the defense budget will decline next year, to $525 billion from this $531 billion, under current projections it will inch upward in constant dollars between 1 percent and 2 percent annually thereafter. some analysts, however, said those projections are far too optimistic and that the pentagon will be squeezed further. gordon adams, a professor of international relations at american university, predicted that if lawmakers are to stabilize federal finances, they will have to agree on about $4 trillion in spending cuts and revenue increases over the next decade. “defense budgets will come down deeper than the secretary thinks,” said adams, a former white house official for national security budgets who worked for panetta in the clinton administration. “to find those cuts, everything, including defense, will still be on the table.”

ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ˈbəʤɪt wɪl ʃrɪŋk sˈlaɪtli nɛkst jɪr fər ðə fərst taɪm sɪns 1998 ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən sɛd thurs­day*, ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ ʧɪp əˈweɪ æt ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈdɛfəsət waɪl ðə ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz təˈwɔrd ˈeɪʒə. ˈəndər ðə prəˈpoʊzəl, ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wɪl rɪˈdus ðə saɪz əv ðə ˈɑrmi ənd mərˈin kɔrz, trɪm ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈfaɪtər ˈɛrˌkræft ənd ʃɪps, ənd sik kənˈgrɛʃənəl əˈpruvəl fər əˈnəðər raʊnd əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs ˈkloʊʒərz. ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wɪl ˌɪnˈstɛd spɛnd mɔr ɔn ənˈmænd ˈviɪkəlz ənd ˈspɛʃəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈfɔrsɪz ðət kən bi dɪˈplɔɪd kˈwɪkli ənd wɪl nɑt ˌrikˈwaɪər lɑrʤ, ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈbeɪsɪz. ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlɑrʤli prɪˈzərv ɪts ˈmænˌpaʊər ənd ˈwɛpənz ˈsɪstəmz gɪrd təˈwɔrd ðə ˈmɪdəl ist. ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn sɛd ɪt wʊd æsk ˈkɑŋgrəs fər 525 ˈbɪljən ɪn 2013 wɪʧ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə 1 pərˈsɛnt ˈdiˌkris frəm ðə ˈkɑrənt jɪr. waɪl ðə ˈdɪfərəns meɪ saʊnd smɔl, ɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə nu ˈɪrə əv ˌɔˈstɛrɪti fər ðə dɪˈfɛns dɪˈpɑrtmənt ðət wʊd hæv bɪn ənˈθɪŋkəbəl ʤɪst ə fju jɪrz əˈgoʊ, wɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri wɑz stɪl əˈkəstəmd tɪ juʤ ˈænjuəl ˈreɪzɪz ˈæftər ðə əˈtæks əv sɛpt. 11 2001 ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ˈlidərz ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzd ðə kəts ɪn ˈsɑləm toʊnz. dɪˈfɛns ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri liɑn i. pəˈnɛtə kɔld ðɛm ə undertaking.”*.” ˈɑrmi ʤɛn. ˈmɑrtɪn i. ˈdɛmpsi, ðə ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ʤɔɪnt ʧifs əv stæf, ˈædɪd: noʊ mɪˈsteɪk, ðə ˈtreɪˌdɔfs wər təf. ðə ˈʧɔɪsɪz wər complex.”*.” ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ər pɑrt əv ə ˈbrɔdər ˈɛfərt baɪ ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn tɪ ˈdiˌkris ɪts prɑˈʤɛktəd ˈspɛndɪŋ baɪ 487 ˈbɪljən ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst ˈdɛkeɪd ɪn əˈkɔrdəns wɪθ ə dil ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə riʧt wɪθ ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪn ˈɔgəst. ðoʊz kəts kʊd sun swɛl səbˈstænʃəli. ɪf ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈkænɑt əˈgri ɔn əˈnəðər ˈpækɪʤ əv ˈspɛndɪŋ rɪˈdəkʃənz ər tæks ˌɪnˈkrisɪz baɪ nɛkst ˈʤænjuˌɛri, ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn kʊd bi fɔrst tɪ slæʃ ən ˈɛkstrə 600 ˈbɪljən ˈoʊvər 10 jɪrz. ˈbeɪsɪkli teɪks ə ʧeɪn sɔ tɪ ðə budget,”*,” sɛd adm*. ʤeɪmz ə. jr*., vaɪs ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ʤɔɪnt ʧifs əv stæf. ˈmɛni ˈænəlɪsts seɪ ðət ðə ˈʧænsɪz əv ðət ˈhæpənɪŋ ər smɔl, ənd ðət ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ˈkɑŋgrəs ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ wərk aʊt ə ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz əˈhɛd əv taɪm. bət ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ du, ˈmɛni bɪˈliv ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ɪz ɪn fər mɔr peɪn ɛz ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz sərʧ fər ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm səˈluʃən tɪ ðə ˈfɪskəl ˈtrəbəlz. tərmz əv ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈfɛdərəl ˈbəʤɪt, ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ər ə ˈraʊndɪŋ error,”*,” ˈtɑməs ˈdɑnɛli, ə dɪˈfɛns ˈænəlɪst æt ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ˈɪnstɪˌtut, sɛd əv ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ˈbəʤɪt fər nɛkst jɪr. ˈdɑnɛli sɛd ðə ˈfɪskəl fˈjuʧər wɪl dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər. ɪt wɪl gɪt wərs fər ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv dɪˈfɛns ɪf ˌoʊˈbɑmə gɪts riɪˈlɛktɪd ər nut ˈgɪŋgrɪʧ gɪts ɪˈlɛktɪd, ər ɪt wɪl gɪt ˈbɛtər fər ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ɪf mɪt ˈrɑmni gɪts elected.”*.” əˈsaɪd frəm ðə kəts tɪ ðə ˈɑrmi, wɪʧ wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli rɪˈdus ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈsoʊlʤərz tɪ frəm moʊst əv ðə rɪˈdəkʃənz rɪˈvild ˈθərzˌdeɪ hæd bɪn ˈpriviəsli əˈnaʊnst ər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd lɛs ˈkɔstli ˈaɪtəmz. pəˈnɛtə ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðə ˈɑrmi ənd ðə mərˈin kɔrz wɪl stɪl bi sˈlaɪtli ˈlɑrʤər ðən ðeɪ wər ɪn 2001 ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv æfˈgænəˌstæn ənd ðə ˈsəbsəkwənt wɔr ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk. əˈməŋ ðə fju ˈwɛpənz ˈsɪstəmz ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə æks ər ə dɪˈfɛns ˈwɛðər ˈsætəˌlaɪt, ə ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl hɔk sərˈveɪləns droʊn ənd ə ˈreɪˌdɑr wɪθ ə ˈmaʊθˌfʊl əv ə neɪm: ðə ʤɔɪnt lænd əˈtæk kruz ˈmɪsəl dɪˈfɛns ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd ˈnɛtɪd ˈsɛnsər ˈsɪstəm. əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl 259 ˈbɪljən ɪn kəts tɪ prɑˈʤɛktəd ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst faɪv jɪrz, ˈɔlˌmoʊst wən kˈwɔrtər 60 ˈbɪljən wɪl kəm frəm wət ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn əˈblikli kɔld ““efficiencies.”*.” dɪˈfɛns əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ðeɪ wʊd seɪv mɔr ɔn staff,”*,” ˈbɛtər juz əv technology”*” ənd management”*” bət mɔr spɪˈsɪfɪk. ˈsɛvərəl ˈaɪtəmz ðət hæd bɪn ˈəndər ˈskrutəni sərˈvaɪvd. ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn sɛd ɪt wɪl prɪˈzərv ɔl ˈvərʒənz əv ɪts nɛkst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˈlaɪtnɪŋ ˈfaɪtər ʤɛt, ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ðə ʤɔɪnt straɪk ˈfaɪtər, ˌɔlˈðoʊ səm plænd ˈpərʧəsɪz wɪl bi dɪˈleɪd. ðə ɛr fɔrs wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt sɪks əv ɪts 60 ˈtæktɪkəl ɛr skˈwɑdrənz. iʧ həz frəm 18 tɪ 24 ˈfaɪtər ˈɛrˌkræft, ˈmoʊstli ˈoʊldər ər f-16s*. ðə ˈneɪvi gɑt tɪ kip ɔl 11 əv ɪts ˈɛrˌkræft ˈkɛriərz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt wɪl hæv tɪ ˌriˈtaɪər ˈsɛvən ˈeɪʤɪŋ ˈkruzərz ˈərliər ðən ɪkˈspɛktɪd. ɪt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ kət bæk pərˈdəkʃən əv tu ˈlɪtərəl ˈkɑmbæt ʃɪps ənd eɪt ʤɔɪnt haɪ spid ˈvɛsəlz. pəˈnɛtə ˈsɪgnəld ðət ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ɪz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈtækəl ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈplɪtɪkli ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ˈtɑpɪks: ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈbeɪsɪz ənd ˈlɪmətɪŋ ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən fər trups ənd ˈvɛtərənz. hi sɛd ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wɪl æsk ˈkɑŋgrəs tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə nu beɪs ˈkloʊʒər ənd riəˈlaɪnmənt kəˈmɪʃən, wɪʧ wʊd ɛnˈfɔrs əˈnəðər raʊnd əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs ˈkloʊʒərz ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd. ˈkɑŋgrəs əˈpruvd ðə læst raʊnd əv beɪs ˈkloʊʒərz ɪn 2005 moʊst ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, heɪt ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈʃətərɪŋ ˈbeɪsɪz ɪn ðɛr ˈdɪstrɪkts. noʊ mɪˈsteɪk, ðə ˈseɪvɪŋz wi ər prəˈpoʊzɪŋ wɪl ˌɪmˈpækt ɔl 50 steɪts, ənd ˈmɛni ˈdɪstrɪkts əˈkrɔs america,”*,” pəˈnɛtə sɛd. wɪl bi ə tɛst ə tɛst əv ˈwɛðər rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə ˈdɛfəsət ɪz əˈbaʊt tɔk ər action.”*.” hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd hi wɪl æsk ˈkɑŋgrəs tɪ əˈpruv ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt kəˈmɪʃən tɪ ˈɔθərˌaɪz rɪˈdəkʃənz ɪn rɪˈtaɪərmənt ˈbɛnəfɪts, wɪʧ hæv əˈkaʊntɪd fər ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli stip ʃɛr əv ðə dɪˈfɛns ˈbəʤɪt. mɔˈroʊvər, hi sɛd ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn wʊd ˈlɪmət peɪ ˈreɪzɪz fər trups əˈnəðər aɪˈdiə ðət ɪz ənˈlaɪkli tɪ wɪn məʧ ˈfeɪvər frəm ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz, hu kənˈsɪstəntli əˈwɔrd peɪ haɪks ˈlɑrʤər ðən ðoʊz sɔt baɪ dɪˈfɛns əˈfɪʃəlz. pəˈnɛtə ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd ðət ˈɛni ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ rɪˈtaɪərmənt ˈbɛnəfɪts wʊd əˈfɛkt ˈoʊnli fˈjuʧər rɪˈkruts, nɑt ðoʊz ˈkərəntli ɪn ðə ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz. hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðə peɪ ˈreɪzɪz wʊd nɑt teɪk ˈifɛkt ənˈtɪl 2015 ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ wɪl bi ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈbəʤɪt ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ðə kɔst əv ˈfaɪtɪŋ ðə wɔrz ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk, æfˈgænəˌstæn ənd ˈsərtən ˈəðər ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz ˈæskɪŋ ˈkɑŋgrəs fər 88 ˈbɪljən fər ðə ˈæfˌgæn wɔr nɛkst jɪr, daʊn frəm 115 ˈbɪljən ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈfɪskəl jɪr, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə kɔsts əv ˈwaɪndɪŋ daʊn ðə wɔr ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə dɪˈfɛns ˈbəʤɪt wɪl dɪˈklaɪn nɛkst jɪr, tɪ 525 ˈbɪljən frəm ðɪs 531 ˈbɪljən, ˈəndər ˈkɑrənt prɑˈʤɛkʃənz ɪt wɪl ɪnʧ ˈəpwərd ɪn ˈkɑnstənt ˈdɔlərz bɪtˈwin 1 pərˈsɛnt ənd 2 pərˈsɛnt ˈænjuəli ðɛˈræftər. səm ˈænəlɪsts, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɛd ðoʊz prɑˈʤɛkʃənz ər fɑr tu ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk ənd ðət ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn wɪl bi skwizd ˈfərðər. ˈgɔrdən ˈædəmz, ə prəˈfɛsər əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl riˈleɪʃənz æt əˈmɛrɪkən ˌjunəˈvərsəti, prɪˈdɪktɪd ðət ɪf ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ər tɪ ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz ˈfɛdərəl ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz, ðeɪ wɪl hæv tɪ əˈgri ɔn əˈbaʊt 4 ˈtrɪljən ɪn ˈspɛndɪŋ kəts ənd ˈrɛvəˌnu ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst ˈdɛkeɪd. ˈbəʤɪts wɪl kəm daʊn ˈdipər ðən ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri thinks,”*,” sɛd ˈædəmz, ə ˈfɔrmər waɪt haʊs əˈfɪʃəl fər ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈbəʤɪts hu wərkt fər pəˈnɛtə ɪn ðə ˈklɪntən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. faɪnd ðoʊz kəts, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ dɪˈfɛns, wɪl stɪl bi ɔn ðə table.”*.”

on october 26, syrian democratic forces (sdf) continued their successful operation on the eastern bank of the euphrates and entered the oil fields of and galban, according to sources. earlier, the force reportedly established control over the oil fields of and jarnof, saban, northern omar, and mqaat. thus, the won the race for the oil and gas infrastructure located in the area with the syrian arab army (saa). pro-opposition sources reported that isis just handed over the oil field to the within the framework of the previously reached agreement. no more details were provided. most likely these reports are linked to the alleged-isis deal reported by the syrian observatory for human rights (sohr) on october 22. according to this report, isis was set to surrender the entire area including village to the force. pro-sdf sources explain the situation with the us air support and combat characteristics of troops. on october 25, the liberated the industrial area and a large part of district from isis in the city of ezzor. now, government forces are aiming to separate further island from the rest of the area in ezzor. when this is done, the and the will be able to isolate the remaining isis units in island and to clear it from the terrorists. the separatist kurdistan regional government (krg) is facing hard times in iraq. on october 24, the department of foreign relations of the released a statement asking for a ceasefire with forces of the federal government. in return, it promised to “freeze the results of [independence] referendum”, and asked for “an open dialogue between the kurdistan regional government and iraqi federal government on the basis of the constitution.” however, on october 25 and october 26, iraqi forces advanced further in areas seized by forces beyond the borders of the kurdish autonomous region. experts believe that the army and its allies will continue operation in the contested areas until military forces fully withdraw from it. if able, and if you like our content and approach, please support the project. our work be possible without your help: paypal: [email protected] or via: http://southfront.org/donate/ or via: featured image is from south front.

ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 26 ˈsɪriən ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈfɔrsɪz (sdf*) kənˈtɪnjud ðɛr səkˈsɛsfəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈistərn bæŋk əv ðə juˈfreɪtiz ənd ˈɛnərd ðə ɔɪl fildz əv ənd ˈgælbən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɔrsəz. ˈərliər, ðə fɔrs rɪˈpɔrtədli ɪˈstæblɪʃt kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðə ɔɪl fildz əv ənd jarnof*, ˈseɪbən, ˈnɔrðərn ˈoʊmɑr, ənd mqaat*. ðəs, ðə wən ðə reɪs fər ðə ɔɪl ənd gæs ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə ˈɛriə wɪθ ðə ˈsɪriən ˈærəb ˈɑrmi (saa*). ˈsɔrsəz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ˈaɪsəs ʤɪst ˈhændɪd ˈoʊvər ðə ɔɪl fild tɪ ðə wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈfreɪmˌwərk əv ðə ˈpriviəsli riʧt əˈgrimənt. noʊ mɔr ˈditeɪlz wər prəˈvaɪdɪd. moʊst ˈlaɪkli ðiz rɪˈpɔrts ər lɪŋkt tɪ ðə əˈlɛʤd dil ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ ðə ˈsɪriən əbˈzərvəˌtɔri fər ˈjumən raɪts (sohr*) ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 22 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt, ˈaɪsəs wɑz sɛt tɪ sərˈɛndər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈɛriə ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈvɪlɪʤ tɪ ðə fɔrs. ˈsɔrsəz ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɛr səˈpɔrt ənd ˈkɑmbæt ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əv trups. ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 25 ðə ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtɪd ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈɛriə ənd ə lɑrʤ pɑrt əv ˈdɪstrɪkt frəm ˈaɪsəs ɪn ðə ˈsɪti əv ezzor*. naʊ, ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz ər ˈeɪmɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈfərðər ˈaɪlənd frəm ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈɛriə ɪn ezzor*. wɪn ðɪs ɪz dən, ðə ənd ðə wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈaɪsəˌleɪt ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈaɪsəs ˈjunɪts ɪn ˈaɪlənd ənd tɪ klɪr ɪt frəm ðə ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts. ðə ˈsɛpərətɪst ˈkərdɪˌstæn ˈriʤənəl ˈgəvərnmənt (krg*) ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ hɑrd taɪmz ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk. ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 24 ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈfɔrən riˈleɪʃənz əv ðə riˈlist ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈæskɪŋ fər ə ˈsisˈfaɪər wɪθ ˈfɔrsɪz əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt. ɪn rɪˈtərn, ɪt ˈprɑməst tɪ ðə rɪˈzəlts əv [ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns] referendum”*”, ənd æst fər ˈoʊpən ˈdaɪəˌlɔg bɪtˈwin ðə ˈkərdɪˌstæn ˈriʤənəl ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˌɪˈræki ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðə constitution.”*.” ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 25 ənd ɑkˈtoʊbər 26 ˌɪˈræki ˈfɔrsɪz ədˈvænst ˈfərðər ɪn ˈɛriəz sizd baɪ ˈfɔrsɪz bɪɔnd ðə ˈbɔrdərz əv ðə ˈkərdɪʃ ɔˈtɑnəməs ˈriʤən. ˈɛkspərts bɪˈliv ðət ðə ˈɑrmi ənd ɪts ˈælaɪz wɪl kənˈtɪnju ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə kənˈtɛstəd ˈɛriəz ənˈtɪl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈfɔrsɪz ˈfʊli wɪθˈdrɔ frəm ɪt. ɪf ˈeɪbəl, ənd ɪf ju laɪk ɑr ˈkɑntɛnt ənd əˈproʊʧ, pliz səˈpɔrt ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ɑr wərk bi ˈpɑsəbəl wɪˈθaʊt jʊr hɛlp: paypal*: [iˈmeɪl prəˈtɛktɪd] ər ˈviə: http://southfront.org/donate*/ ər ˈviə: ˈfiʧərd ˈɪmɪʤ ɪz frəm saʊθ frənt.

read story transcript since zimbabwe's president robert mugabe first launched his controversial land reform policies in 2000, some white farmers have had their lands seized. and the few remaining white farmers are being driven out like the mckinnon family. danielle and mark mckinnon, with their three kids, fled their farm just outside of harare as the local sheriff, a court official and a group of men sought their eviction. "that day just felt so uncertain. they were just in your face. they were coming into the house," danielle tells the current's anna maria tremonti. "they wanted us out, then and there," says mark mckinnon. danielle mckinnon recalls leaving in the truck with their animals in the back as they were being laughed at and videotaped. "it was actually quite a shock because we've never given in before. that feeling of defeat... it was unfair." since president robert mugabe first launched his controversial land reform policies in the year 2000, some white farmers have had their lands seized bulawayo/reuters) the say they had a great relationship with their surrounding community. they were helping schools and orphanages and there was no one unhappy with them. "it had nothing to do with happiness or race or colour or anything, it was money," mark tells tremonti. in 2013, mark said he was kidnapped by a group with very high connections to ministers and government. they were promised land and told to help themselves to farm plots close to harare, according to mckinnon. he was violently attacked for hours, says mckinnon. "they wouldn't let me go… they wanted me to sign over a piece of paper saying that i allowed them to have a piece of the farm." "i kept assuring them that i wasn't the person to give land. [it] wasn't my land anyway. it was state responsibility to give land." eventually mark was released when police came but says confrontations like this happened all the time. now the mckinnon family lives in stouffville, ont. just outside of toronto but danielle and mark both agree that zimbabwe is home. "it's just bad politics. it will come right." listen to the full conversation at the top of this web post. this segment was produced by the current's sturnio.

rɛd ˈstɔri ˈtrænˌskrɪpt sɪns zɪmˈbɑbweɪz ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈrɑbərt muˈgɑbeɪ fərst lɔnʧt hɪz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl lænd rɪˈfɔrm ˈpɑləsiz ɪn 2000 səm waɪt ˈfɑrmərz hæv hæd ðɛr lændz sizd. ənd ðə fju rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ waɪt ˈfɑrmərz ər biɪŋ ˈdrɪvən aʊt laɪk ðə məˈkɪnən ˈfæməli. ˌdænˈjɛl ənd mɑrk məˈkɪnən, wɪθ ðɛr θri kɪdz, flɛd ðɛr fɑrm ʤɪst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv hərˈɑri ɛz ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈʃɛrɪf, ə kɔrt əˈfɪʃəl ənd ə grup əv mɛn sɔt ðɛr ɪˈvɪkʃən. "ðət deɪ ʤɪst fɛlt soʊ ənˈsərtən. ðeɪ wər ʤɪst ɪn jʊr feɪs. ðeɪ wər ˈkəmɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə haʊs," ˌdænˈjɛl tɛlz ðə kərənts ˈænə mərˈiə tremonti*. "ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd ˈjuˈɛs aʊt, ðɛn ənd ðɛr," sɪz mɑrk məˈkɪnən. ˌdænˈjɛl məˈkɪnən ˈriˌkɔlz ˈlivɪŋ ɪn ðə trək wɪθ ðɛr ˈænəməlz ɪn ðə bæk ɛz ðeɪ wər biɪŋ læft æt ənd ˈvɪdioʊˈteɪpt. "ɪt wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli kwaɪt ə ʃɑk bɪˈkəz wiv ˈnɛvər ˈgɪvɪn ɪn ˌbiˈfɔr. ðət ˈfilɪŋ əv dɪˈfit... ɪt wɑz ˌɔnˈfɛr." sɪns ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈrɑbərt muˈgɑbeɪ fərst lɔnʧt hɪz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl lænd rɪˈfɔrm ˈpɑləsiz ɪn ðə jɪr 2000 səm waɪt ˈfɑrmərz hæv hæd ðɛr lændz sizd bulawayo/reuters*) ðə seɪ ðeɪ hæd ə greɪt riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðɛr sərˈaʊndɪŋ kəmˈjunɪti. ðeɪ wər ˈhɛlpɪŋ skulz ənd ˈɔrfənɪʤɪz ənd ðɛr wɑz noʊ wən ənˈhæpi wɪθ ðɛm. "ɪt hæd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˈhæpinəs ər reɪs ər ˈkələr ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ɪt wɑz ˈməni," mɑrk tɛlz tremonti*. ɪn 2013 mɑrk sɛd hi wɑz ˈkɪdˌnæpt baɪ ə grup wɪθ ˈvɛri haɪ kəˈnɛkʃənz tɪ ˈmɪnɪstərz ənd ˈgəvərnmənt. ðeɪ wər ˈprɑməst lænd ənd toʊld tɪ hɛlp ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ fɑrm plɑts kloʊz tɪ hərˈɑri, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ məˈkɪnən. hi wɑz ˈvaɪələntli əˈtækt fər aʊərz, sɪz məˈkɪnən. "ðeɪ ˈwʊdənt lɛt mi go…*… ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd mi tɪ saɪn ˈoʊvər ə pis əv ˈpeɪpər seɪɪŋ ðət aɪ əˈlaʊd ðɛm tɪ hæv ə pis əv ðə fɑrm." "aɪ kɛpt əˈʃʊrɪŋ ðɛm ðət aɪ ˈwəzənt ðə ˈpərsən tɪ gɪv lænd. [ɪt] ˈwəzənt maɪ lænd ˈɛniˌweɪ. ɪt wɑz steɪt riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ gɪv lænd." ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli mɑrk wɑz riˈlist wɪn pəˈlis keɪm bət sɪz ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃənz laɪk ðɪs ˈhæpənd ɔl ðə taɪm. naʊ ðə məˈkɪnən ˈfæməli lɪvz ɪn stouffville*, ont*. ʤɪst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv tərˈɑntoʊ bət ˌdænˈjɛl ənd mɑrk boʊθ əˈgri ðət zɪmˈbɑbweɪ ɪz hoʊm. "ɪts ʤɪst bæd ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ɪt wɪl kəm raɪt." ˈlɪsən tɪ ðə fʊl ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən æt ðə tɔp əv ðɪs wɛb poʊst. ðɪs ˌsɛgˈmɛnt wɑz prəˈdust baɪ ðə kərənts sturnio*.

Two charts from Think Progress make the case that Occupy Wall Street has already won a major victory. First, here is a look at the focus of economic discussion on cable news during the last week of July: Now, here is a look at economic discussion on cable news over the last week:Granted, Occupy Wall Street is not the sole cause of this change. For one thing, President Obama has been stumping for his jobs legislation for the past several weeks. Also, the last week of the July was the peak of the debt default showdown, making it perhaps not the best point of comparison. Still, Occupy Wall Street has made an undeniable impact in shifting the terms of debate on our current economic woes away from a focus on spending cuts, and toward a focus on unemployment and the culpability of Wall Street. That is a big deal.

tu ʧɑrts frəm θɪŋk ˈprɑˌgrɛs meɪk ðə keɪs ðət ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ wɔl strit həz ɔˈrɛdi wən ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈvɪktəri. fərst, hir ɪz ə lʊk æt ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈskəʃən ɔn ˈkeɪbəl nuz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst wik əv ˌʤuˈlaɪ: naʊ, hir ɪz ə lʊk æt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈskəʃən ɔn ˈkeɪbəl nuz ˈoʊvər ðə læst week:granted*, ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ wɔl strit ɪz nɑt ðə soʊl kɔz əv ðɪs ʧeɪnʤ. fər wən θɪŋ, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz bɪn ˈstəmpɪŋ fər hɪz ʤɑbz ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən fər ðə pæst ˈsɛvərəl wiks. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðə læst wik əv ðə ˌʤuˈlaɪ wɑz ðə pik əv ðə dɛt dɪˈfɔlt ˈʃoʊˌdaʊn, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt pərˈhæps nɑt ðə bɛst pɔɪnt əv kəmˈpɛrəsən. stɪl, ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ wɔl strit həz meɪd ən ˌəndɪˈnaɪəbəl ˌɪmˈpækt ɪn ˈʃɪftɪŋ ðə tərmz əv dəˈbeɪt ɔn ɑr ˈkɑrənt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk woʊz əˈweɪ frəm ə ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈspɛndɪŋ kəts, ənd təˈwɔrd ə ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ənd ðə ˌkəlpəˈbɪlɪti əv wɔl strit. ðət ɪz ə bɪg dil.

in the conservative commentariat and intellectual classes, the deal with the devil that is seems increasingly complete. stalwart conservatives who for some cases the principles of limited government, personal liberty, and strict adherence to the constitution have hiked their skirts and dropped their panties, swooning as big donnie trump talks dirty to the media. in a depressing twist, many members of my party and ideological persuasion have become advocates for donald trump on a scale that ranges from grudging to, for a simple reason that seems to overwhelm all other factors: he attacks the media. many are willing to forgive almost any sin because of it. all it took to break the spirit of far too many in the conservative class was for trump to leaven his deranged, autocratic with “fake news” and “duh media” bait to compromise the ideals and credibility of a large swath of the conservative firmament. people who think of themselves as being smarter than the average bag of hammers are missing that the just the latest victims of the trump con. we now routinely see a formulation something like this:, “well, trump isn't perfect, but at least he's attacking the media.” it's the pleasure of watching someone else to do your dueling. for decades, the rallying cry on the right was: “if only we could overcome the liberal media, the truth and strength of our ideas would finally break through. if only we could really be heard on economic matters, on foreign affairs, and on race, the republican party and conservatism would finally get a fair hearing in the minds of the american people.” it have to be a zero-sum game of replacing one set of biases with another; the rightness of our ideas would carry the day. but in a white house press room that includes staff “writers” for and in press conferences, the trump administration looking for coverage; looking for partners in the fake news explosion that helped trump win the election. conservative writers and thinkers who look away from the creepy authoritarianism, apocalyptic religious war fantasies, lavish corruption, overt economic statism, and general ineptitude simply because trump snubs the established press doing the movement any favors. let’s be clear; the mainstream media deserves a kick in the ass so hard they reach orbital velocity for their professional missteps, insularity, ideological blinders, vast self-regard, and occasional outright malice against conservatives. however, as a justification for every one of failings, reveling in their misery falls wildly short of the mark. certainly not enough for the movement once graced by the ideas of burke, hayek, kirk, and buckley to sell so cheaply. it’s not an argument for mainstream media malpractice, obama, clinton, social justice silliness, george soros, or the to say that imitating the worst behavior of the liberal elements of the national media honor the ideals we claim to serve. instead, it makes a mockery of our ideas if we believe our a media is a positive outcome. yes, in 2008, the media lost their collective minds in a of adulation. the superlatives flowed in an ridiculous, flowery stream of praise that bordered at times on the creepy. yes, “the one” was a media absurdity. i remember emailing a reporter a note after reading one of her pieces, “are you practicing writing ‘mrs. katherine obama’ in loopy script in your mash book?” (name changed to protect the embarrassed.) obama was referred to in terms so glowing, so fulsome, so that it was easy to pin down the journalist class of 2008 as a group of and fainting at his every utterance. that nearly mindless adulation was still a strong element in obama's coverage until he walked out of the oval office. conservatives rightly mocked it, while recognizing that the normative power of media and pop culture had combined in one fell swoop to overcome barack thin resume, his lack of experience, and questions about his ideological underpinnings. now, though, writers who just two years ago would have torn the bark off barack obama for picking winners and losers or for advocating some form of “everyone gets covered” health care plan today direct a large fraction of their ire to media outlets scrambling to find a way to process the election and governance of trump. rather than examine his daily assaults on conservative values, common sense, and that little thing we used to value called “the truth” they look away as “conservatives” who have for decades sung the praises of free trade, low tariffs, and multilateral trade agreements now nod at the brute stupidity of economic populism... because at least battering cnn, the new york times, and buzzfeed, right? of course, intellectual conservatism is a fairly small pool in the great scheme of things. what really mattered then and now is that a half-dozen gatekeepers in the conservative movement decided trump would be lucrative fodder for their audience. they the transition from promoting conservative ideals to selling the con man with the same vigor they pitch reverse mortgages, catheters, survival food, and gold. this constellation of media players could have at any moment pumped the brakes on trump and during the 2016 election, and could do so now. at any moment, rupert or the sons could have told roger ailes, “ok...that's enough.” the conspiracy and i use that word deliberately between the at fox news, matt drudge, trumpbart, rush limbaugh is a story waiting to be told. they and others actively elected to trump's endless catalog of ideological sins, moral shortcomings, mob ties, russian moneymen, personal weirdnesses, trophy wives, serial bankruptcies, persistent tax shenanigans, intellect, racial animus, and conspiracy kooky grandpa affect. the “populist movement” explanation for 2016 isn't entirely wrong, but it took the full throttle efforts of the media to promote trump as the singular remedy for the moral, economic, and political collapse they decried each day for their credulous viewers and listeners to make that “movement” happen. even after 25 years in this movement, i can't help but feel a sense of wonder at how brazen their marketing and of trump has been, and at its spectacular cost to conservatism.

ɪn ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˌkɑmənˈtæˌriət ənd ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈklæsɪz, ðə dil wɪθ ðə ˈdɛvəl ðət ɪz simz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli kəmˈplit. ˈstɔlwərt kənˈsərvətɪvz hu fər səm ˈkeɪsɪz ðə ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈgəvərnmənt, ˈpərsɪnəl ˈlɪbərˌti, ənd strɪkt əˈdhɪrəns tɪ ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən hæv haɪkt ðɛr skərts ənd drɑpt ðɛr ˈpæntiz, sˈwunɪŋ ɛz bɪg ˈdɑni trəmp tɔks ˈdərti tɪ ðə ˈmidiə. ɪn ə dɪˈprɛsɪŋ twɪst, ˈmɛni ˈmɛmbərz əv maɪ ˈpɑrti ənd ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl pərsˈweɪʒən hæv bɪˈkəm ˈædvəˌkeɪts fər ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɔn ə skeɪl ðət ˈreɪnʤɪz frəm ˈgrəʤɪŋ tɪ, fər ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈrizən ðət simz tɪ ˌoʊvərˈwɛlm ɔl ˈəðər ˈfæktərz: hi əˈtæks ðə ˈmidiə. ˈmɛni ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ fərˈgɪv ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛni sɪn bɪˈkəz əv ɪt. ɔl ɪt tʊk tɪ breɪk ðə ˈspɪrɪt əv fɑr tu ˈmɛni ɪn ðə kənˈsərvətɪv klæs wɑz fər trəmp tɪ ˈlɛvən hɪz dɪˈreɪnʤd, ˌɔtəˈkrætɪk wɪθ news”*” ənd media”*” beɪt tɪ ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz ðə aɪˈdilz ənd ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti əv ə lɑrʤ swɑθ əv ðə kənˈsərvətɪv firmament*. ˈpipəl hu θɪŋk əv ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz biɪŋ sˈmɑrtər ðən ðə ˈævərɪʤ bæg əv ˈhæmərz ər ˈmɪsɪŋ ðət ðə ʤɪst ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈvɪktɪmz əv ðə trəmp kɑn. wi naʊ ruˈtinli si ə ˌfɔrmjəˈleɪʃən ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs:, ““well*, trəmp ˈɪzənt ˈpərˌfɪkt, bət æt list hiz əˈtækɪŋ ðə media.”*.” ɪts ðə ˈplɛʒər əv ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən ɛls tɪ du jʊr ˈdulɪŋ. fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, ðə ˈræliɪŋ kraɪ ɔn ðə raɪt wɑz: ˈoʊnli wi kʊd ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈmidiə, ðə truθ ənd strɛŋθ əv ɑr aɪˈdiəz wʊd ˈfaɪnəli breɪk θru. ɪf ˈoʊnli wi kʊd ˈrɪli bi hərd ɔn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈmætərz, ɔn ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz, ənd ɔn reɪs, ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti ənd kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm wʊd ˈfaɪnəli gɪt ə fɛr ˈhirɪŋ ɪn ðə maɪndz əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən people.”*.” ɪt hæv tɪ bi ə ˈziroʊˌsəm geɪm əv rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ wən sɛt əv ˈbaɪəsɪz wɪθ əˈnəðər; ðə ˈraɪtnəs əv ɑr aɪˈdiəz wʊd ˈkɛri ðə deɪ. bət ɪn ə waɪt haʊs prɛs rum ðət ˌɪnˈkludz stæf ““writers”*” fər ənd ɪn prɛs ˈkɑnfərənsəz, ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈkəvərɪʤ; ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈpɑrtnərz ɪn ðə feɪk nuz ɪkˈsploʊʒən ðət hɛlpt trəmp wɪn ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən. kənˈsərvətɪv ˈraɪtərz ənd ˈθɪŋkərz hu lʊk əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈkripi əˌθɔrəˈtɛriəˌnɪzəm, əˌpɑkəˈlɪptɪk rɪˈlɪʤəs wɔr ˈfænəsiz, ˈlævɪʃ kərˈəpʃən, ˈoʊvərt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈsteɪˌtɪzəm, ənd ˈʤɛnərəl ˌɪˈnɛptɪˌtud ˈsɪmpli bɪˈkəz trəmp snəbz ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃt prɛs duɪŋ ðə ˈmuvmənt ˈɛni ˈfeɪvərz. bi klɪr; ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈmidiə dɪˈzərvz ə kɪk ɪn ðə æs soʊ hɑrd ðeɪ riʧ ˈɔrbətəl vəˈlɑsəti fər ðɛr prəˈfɛʃənəl mɪˈstɛps, ˌɪnsəˈlɛrɪti, ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈblaɪndərz, væst self-regard*, ənd ɔˈkeɪʒənəl ˈaʊˈtraɪt ˈmælɪs əˈgɛnst kənˈsərvətɪvz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɛz ə ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən fər ˈɛvəri wən əv ˈfeɪlɪŋz, ˈrɛvəlɪŋ ɪn ðɛr ˈmɪzəri fɔlz ˈwaɪldli ʃɔrt əv ðə mɑrk. ˈsərtənli nɑt ɪˈnəf fər ðə ˈmuvmənt wəns greɪst baɪ ðə aɪˈdiəz əv bərk, heɪɪk, kərk, ənd ˈbəkli tɪ sɛl soʊ ˈʧipli. nɑt ən ˈɑrgjəmənt fər ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈmidiə mælˈpræktɪs, ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ˈklɪntən, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪlinəs, ʤɔrʤ ˈsɔroʊs, ər ðə tɪ seɪ ðət ˈɪməˌteɪtɪŋ ðə wərst bɪˈheɪvjər əv ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈɛləmənts əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈmidiə ˈɑnər ðə aɪˈdilz wi kleɪm tɪ sərv. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ɪt meɪks ə ˈmɑkəri əv ɑr aɪˈdiəz ɪf wi bɪˈliv ɑr ə ˈmidiə ɪz ə ˈpɑzətɪv ˈaʊtˌkəm. jɛs, ɪn 2008 ðə ˈmidiə lɔst ðɛr kəˈlɛktɪv maɪndz ɪn ə əv ˌæʤəˈleɪʃən. ðə sʊˈpərlətɪvz floʊd ɪn ən rɪˈdɪkjələs, ˈflaʊəri strim əv preɪz ðət ˈbɔrdərd æt taɪmz ɔn ðə ˈkripi. jɛs, one”*” wɑz ə ˈmidiə əbˈsərdəti. aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər iˈmeɪlɪŋ ə rɪˈpɔrtər ə noʊt ˈæftər ˈrɛdɪŋ wən əv hər ˈpisɪz, ju ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˈraɪtɪŋ ‘‘mrs*. ˈkæθərɪn obama’*’ ɪn ˈlupi skrɪpt ɪn jʊr mæʃ book?”*?” (neɪm ʧeɪnʤd tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ɪmˈbɛrəst.) ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɑz rɪˈfərd tɪ ɪn tərmz soʊ gloʊɪŋ, soʊ ˈfʊlsəm, soʊ ðət ɪt wɑz ˈizi tɪ pɪn daʊn ðə ˈʤərnəlɪst klæs əv 2008 ɛz ə grup əv ənd ˈfeɪntɪŋ æt hɪz ˈɛvəri ˈətərəns. ðət ˈnɪrli ˈmaɪndləs ˌæʤəˈleɪʃən wɑz stɪl ə strɔŋ ˈɛləmənt ɪn ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈkəvərɪʤ ənˈtɪl hi wɔkt aʊt əv ðə ˈoʊvəl ˈɔfəs. kənˈsərvətɪvz ˈraɪtli mɑkt ɪt, waɪl ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ðət ðə ˈnɔrmətɪv paʊər əv ˈmidiə ənd pɑp ˈkəlʧər hæd kəmˈbaɪnd ɪn wən fɛl swup tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ˈbɑrək θɪn ˈrɛzəˌmeɪ, hɪz læk əv ɪkˈspɪriəns, ənd kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt hɪz ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈəndərˌpɪnɪŋz. naʊ, ðoʊ, ˈraɪtərz hu ʤɪst tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ wʊd hæv tɔrn ðə bɑrk ɔf ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər ˈpɪkɪŋ ˈwɪnərz ənd ˈluzərz ər fər ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪŋ səm fɔrm əv gɪts covered”*” hɛlθ kɛr plæn təˈdeɪ dɪˈrɛkt ə lɑrʤ ˈfrækʃən əv ðɛr aɪr tɪ ˈmidiə ˈaʊˌtlɛts ˈskræmbəlɪŋ tɪ faɪnd ə weɪ tɪ ˈprɔˌsɛs ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ənd ˈgəvərnəns əv trəmp. ˈrəðər ðən ɪgˈzæmɪn hɪz ˈdeɪli əˈsɔlts ɔn kənˈsərvətɪv ˈvæljuz, ˈkɑmən sɛns, ənd ðət ˈlɪtəl θɪŋ wi juzd tɪ ˈvælju kɔld truth”*” ðeɪ lʊk əˈweɪ ɛz ““conservatives”*” hu hæv fər ˈdɛkeɪdz səŋ ðə ˈpreɪzɪz əv fri treɪd, loʊ ˈtɛrəfs, ənd ˌməltɪˈlætərəl treɪd əˈgrimənts naʊ nɑd æt ðə brut stuˈpɪdɪˌti əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑpjəˌlɪzəm... bɪˈkəz æt list ˈbætərɪŋ ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn, ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz, ənd buzzfeed*, raɪt? əv kɔrs, ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɪz ə ˈfɛrli smɔl pul ɪn ðə greɪt skim əv θɪŋz. wət ˈrɪli ˈmætərd ðɛn ənd naʊ ɪz ðət ə ˈhæfˌdəzən ˈgeɪtˌkipərz ɪn ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈmuvmənt ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd trəmp wʊd bi ˈlukrətɪv ˈfɑdər fər ðɛr ˈɔdiəns. ðeɪ ðə trænˈzɪʃən frəm prəˈmoʊtɪŋ kənˈsərvətɪv aɪˈdilz tɪ ˈsɛlɪŋ ðə kɑn mæn wɪθ ðə seɪm ˈvɪgər ðeɪ pɪʧ rɪˈvərs ˈmɔrgɪʤɪz, ˈkæθətərz, sərˈvaɪvəl fud, ənd goʊld. ðɪs ˌkɑnstəˈleɪʃən əv ˈmidiə pleɪərz kʊd hæv æt ˈɛni ˈmoʊmənt pəmpt ðə breɪks ɔn trəmp ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 2016 ɪˈlɛkʃən, ənd kʊd du soʊ naʊ. æt ˈɛni ˈmoʊmənt, ˈrupərt ər ðə sənz kʊd hæv toʊld ˈrɑʤər eɪlz, enough.”*.” ðə kənˈspɪrəsi ənd aɪ juz ðət wərd dɪˈlɪbərətli bɪtˈwin ðə æt fɑks nuz, mæt drəʤ, trumpbart*, rəʃ ˈlɪmˌbɔ ɪz ə ˈstɔri ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ bi toʊld. ðeɪ ənd ˈəðərz ˈæktɪvli ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ trəmps ˈɛndləs ˈkætəlɔg əv ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl sɪnz, ˈmɔrəl ˈʃɔrtˌkəmɪŋz, mɑb taɪz, ˈrəʃən moneymen*, ˈpərsɪnəl weirdnesses*, ˈtroʊfi waɪvz, ˈsɪˌriəl ˈbæŋkrəptsiz, pərˈsɪstənt tæks ʃəˈnænɪgənz, ˈɪnəˌlɛkt, ˈreɪʃəl ˈænɪməs, ənd kənˈspɪrəsi ˈkuki ˈgrændˌpɑ əˈfɛkt. ðə movement”*” ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər 2016 ˈɪzənt ɪnˈtaɪərli rɔŋ, bət ɪt tʊk ðə fʊl θˈrɑtəl ˈɛfərts əv ðə ˈmidiə tɪ prəˈmoʊt trəmp ɛz ðə ˈsɪŋgjələr ˈrɛmədi fər ðə ˈmɔrəl, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl kəˈlæps ðeɪ dɪˈkraɪd iʧ deɪ fər ðɛr ˈkrɛʤələs vjuərz ənd ˈlɪsənərz tɪ meɪk ðət ““movement”*” ˈhæpən. ˈivɪn ˈæftər 25 jɪrz ɪn ðɪs ˈmuvmənt, aɪ kænt hɛlp bət fil ə sɛns əv ˈwəndər æt haʊ ˈbreɪzən ðɛr ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ənd əv trəmp həz bɪn, ənd æt ɪts spɛkˈtækjələr kɔst tɪ kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm.

here are some larry king statistics: • larry king has had a talk show on cnn for 73 years now. • larry king owns 4700 pairs of suspenders. • larry king look good in any of them. • larry king has been married 56 times. • larry real name is saul rabinowitz. • larry king is 206 years old. • larry king has fielded thousands of phone calls from wackos over the years. i am one of those wackos. *** one night in the mid-80s, i was sitting on my ratty couch in my apartment in peoria, illinois. i had smoked a lot of pot and drank a bunch of beer and larry king was on the television with the sound muted. my stereo was blaringwon’t get fooled again” by the who. i remember feeling great pity for poor pete townshend. someone had fooled him and i wondered who would do such a mean thing to that guitarist. while pondering this thought, i glanced at my panasonic color television set with real plastic on the sides, and i saw that guest for the evening was jay leno. now this was way before leno became the host of the tonight show. this is back when he used to do bits on the david show when letterman was on nbc. i thought he was pretty funny back then and so i turned the who off and turned up the volume. larry king was speaking.our guest tonight is jay leno. if you have a question for jay call the number below,” larry out in that old-man, voice of his. as i looked at the number at the bottom of the screen, all of the sudden i had a desperate urge to call the show, so i scribbled it on a bill that i yanked from my pocket, as a tampon commercial came on the air. brenda deep voice extolled the wonders of playtex tampons, and i tried to think of a good question for jay leno. marijuana can cause unusual focus in obsessive moments, and this was one of those moments. i wanted to ask jay leno a question and i wanted it to be funny. i wanted to make jay and larry laugh. i had to make jay and larry laugh. this was more important than who fooled pete townshend. this was more important than brenda vaccaro. this, i daresay, was more important than a tampon. i had to think hard and i had to think funny. i was furiously pacing the room back and forth, like a tiger in a zoo cage two sizes too small. then it hit me like 12 tons of mashed potatoes. i had the question and the question was thus:i’d like to ask jay what his favorite sandwich is.” ha! now what i call comedy. everybody else would be asking about his comedy, his background, his influences and then i would roll in and hit him with,what’s your favorite sandwich, jay?” ha! it was kind of andy kaufmanesque. and i loved andy kaufman. i picked up the phone and dialed the number. the line started ringing and my heart was racing wildly. on the fourth ring, it was picked up and a woman with a monotone voice said,larry king show, do you have a question for jay leno?” she sounded almost robotic. “yeah, got a question,” i answered the robot operator enthusiastically.i want to ask jay what his favorite sandwich is.” this was greeted by silence. dead silence. for a nanosecond, i thought i had been accidentally disconnected. “hello?” i queried to the silence. “hi,” the robotic woman replied. great! we were still connected. she continued in her monotone voice,ummm, why do you want to ask jay leno what his favorite sandwich is?” “because hilarious!” i told her.this is really going to crack larry and jay up,” i assured her, and then i shut up i want to oversell the bit. “it will?” she asked in her robotic monotone. “oh hell yes,” i said hoping that throwing in a minor curse word would bond us like kids hatching a plan to egg mean old mr. house. “can i put you on hold for a few seconds?” she asked. “of course you can,” i responded in relaxing voice, trying to soothe her weary robot mind so she would see the genius of this question. well, it worked. within 15 seconds, she was back on the line.okay, be caller number three, turn the volume down on your tv. when you hear larry talking on your phone, get ready to ask your question just like you said it to me.” i was on. i was on! i was the third caller. i was the king of the fucking world. larry and jay would love my question. they were going to crack up. we would all laugh together. they would laugh with me, not at me. maybe jay would talk about it on the letterman show the next week. maybe david letterman would want to have me on as a guest. maybe i would become a star out of this. i was just about to become the man who asked jay leno what his favorite sandwich was and soon the world would love me. strangers would want to embrace me and take me into their homes and feed me pizza. about five minutes later, as i came to this realization, all of a sudden i heard larry voice in my phone. “we have a caller from peoria, illinois. do you have a question for jay leno?” oh, boy, did i have a question. and i asked it. “yeah, larry,” i said, and then paused for comedic effect.i’d like to ask jay what his favorite sandwich is.” baboom. it was asked. i waited for heaven to part and the angels start singing and jay and larry to acknowledge my genius. i looked at the panasonic and larry was grimacing. jay leno looked like he had a sour stomach. did they hear my question? did i somehow speak in a foreign tongue? after an uneasy few seconds, jay leno spoke.well, i guess say a philly sandwich. gee, larry, what an inquisitive audience you have,” he said his voice dripping with sarcasm and contempt.what’s the next caller going to ask me: my favorite color?” larry was scowling. all of the sudden my world was spinning in the wrong direction. my stomach twisted into a pretzel knot as larry uttered the following words:next caller.” next caller. fuck. then my phone went dead. when the dial tone came on, i finally surrendered it to the base. they get it. nobody laughed. jay leno thought i was stupid. larry king hated me. david letterman was never going to call me. and the poor robotic phone screener, she probably got handed her walking papers 10 seconds after the call hit the airwaves. fuck! i turned the tv off and put the who back on.meet the new boss, same as the old boss.” pete townshend gotten it. he thought it was funny. and keith moon? shit, he busted a gut over it. “what’s your favorite sandwich?” funny fucking stuff. cracking myself up right now as i type the words. fuck larry king. fuck jay leno. a lot of people never got lenny bruce, either. shit, they locked that son of a bitch up in jail over some of his bits. nobody knows the trouble me and lenny have seen. jay and larry get my humor, but i knew as i passed out after drinking six more beers and cursing the lives of jay leno and larry king, that lenny was looking down at me and he was laughing. with me. not at me. the next day i woke up and still a little high from the pot. i took a shower, took a bunch of aspirin, washed them down with a can of diet coke and wearily drove downtown to the printing factory where i worked as a film stripper. i parked, made my way into the room where i worked with around nine other people, swiped my and started making my way back to the light table where i sat. on my way there, i heard one of my coworkers, dick maurer, talking. “i was watching larry king last night and he had jay leno on,” dick explained to about five co-workers gathered around his light table.all of a sudden some guy from peoria gets on, and this asshole asks leno what his favorite sandwich is!” “hey, that asshole was me!” i shouted out to maurer and his compatriots.holy shit! i thought i recognized that voice last night and it was you,” maurer said, breaking out into laughter.why the hell did you call in and ask jay leno what his favorite sandwich is?” “because funny. you know, everybody else is asking questions about his career, his background, his family and then i hit him with, ‘what’s your favorite sandwich, jay!’ on the level of an andy kaufman bit,” i explained to the group. they all just stared blankly at me.it was funny!” i shouted out, and stomped my left foot on the concrete floor for emphasis. no one said anything. they all slowly went to their light tables and went to work. i went to mine, mutteringfucking assholes” under my breath. for over 10 years, i never talked about that night of the larry king show. by then, i was living in new york city, working nights and publishing my own humor magazine, fishwrap. it was 1996 and ellen and tracie, the two women who ran the company that distributed my magazine, were in town. we were having lunch at an outdoor cafe on the upper west side. about three bites into my grilled chicken sandwich, eyes got wide and she said,oh, my god, look walking towards us.” i turned around and saw a tall, stunning blonde strutting our way on the sidewalk. next to her, all over, carrying all kinds of bags and a huge scowl coloring his face, was none other than larry king. i started laughing. “what’s so funny?” ellen asked. “years ago,” i explained,larry king had jay leno on his show and i called in and got on air,” still laughing at the memory.oh, yeah,” ellen inquired,what did you ask him?”i asked him,” i said, looking at the both of them while smiling widely and holding my hands up in the air for emphasis: ‘what’s your favorite sandwich?’” ellen looked at me like i was nuts. tracie just said six words:why did you ask him that?” i decided right then and there that never tell that fucking story again. this essay originally appeared in marty book the boy who would be a firetruck.

hir ər səm ˈlɛri kɪŋ stəˈtɪstɪks: ˈlɛri kɪŋ həz hæd ə tɔk ʃoʊ ɔn ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn fər 73 jɪrz naʊ. ˈlɛri kɪŋ oʊnz 4700 pɛrz əv səˈspɛndərz. ˈlɛri kɪŋ lʊk gʊd ɪn ˈɛni əv ðɛm. ˈlɛri kɪŋ həz bɪn ˈmɛrid 56 taɪmz. ˈlɛri ril neɪm ɪz sɔl rəˈbɪnəwɪts. ˈlɛri kɪŋ ɪz 206 jɪrz oʊld. ˈlɛri kɪŋ həz ˈfildɪd ˈθaʊzənz əv foʊn kɔlz frəm ˈwækoʊz ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz. aɪ æm wən əv ðoʊz ˈwækoʊz. wən naɪt ɪn ðə mid-80s*, aɪ wɑz ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔn maɪ ˈræti kaʊʧ ɪn maɪ əˈpɑrtmənt ɪn piˈɔriə, ˌɪləˈnɔɪz. aɪ hæd smoʊkt ə lɔt əv pɑt ənd dræŋk ə bənʧ əv bɪr ənd ˈlɛri kɪŋ wɑz ɔn ðə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən wɪθ ðə saʊnd mˈjutɪd. maɪ ˈstɛriˌoʊ wɑz ˈblɛrɪŋ gɪt fuld again”*” baɪ ðə hu. aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ˈfilɪŋ greɪt ˈpɪti fər pur pit ˈtaʊnˌʃɛnd. ˈsəmˌwən hæd fuld ɪm ənd aɪ ˈwəndərd hu wʊd du səʧ ə min θɪŋ tɪ ðət ˌgɪˈtɑrɪst. waɪl ˈpɑndərɪŋ ðɪs θɔt, aɪ glænst æt maɪ ˌpænəˈsɑnɪk ˈkələr ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən sɛt wɪθ ril ˈplæstɪk ɔn ðə saɪdz, ənd aɪ sɔ ðət gɛst fər ðə ˈivnɪŋ wɑz ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ. naʊ ðɪs wɑz weɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlɛnoʊ bɪˈkeɪm ðə hoʊst əv ðə təˈnaɪt ʃoʊ. ðɪs ɪz bæk wɪn hi juzd tɪ du bɪts ɔn ðə ˈdeɪvɪd ʃoʊ wɪn ˈlɛtərmən wɑz ɔn ˈɛnˌbiˈsi. aɪ θɔt hi wɑz ˈprɪti ˈfəni bæk ðɛn ənd soʊ aɪ tərnd ðə hu ɔf ənd tərnd əp ðə ˈvɑljum. ˈlɛri kɪŋ wɑz ˈspikɪŋ. gɛst təˈnaɪt ɪz ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ. ɪf ju hæv ə kˈwɛʃən fər ʤeɪ kɔl ðə ˈnəmbər below,”*,” ˈlɛri aʊt ɪn ðət old-man*, vɔɪs əv hɪz. ɛz aɪ lʊkt æt ðə ˈnəmbər æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə skrin, ɔl əv ðə ˈsədən aɪ hæd ə ˈdɛspərɪt ərʤ tɪ kɔl ðə ʃoʊ, soʊ aɪ ˈskrɪbəld ɪt ɔn ə bɪl ðət aɪ jæŋkt frəm maɪ ˈpɑkət, ɛz ə ˈtæmpɑn kəˈmərʃəl keɪm ɔn ðə ɛr. ˈbrɛndə dip vɔɪs ɪkˈstoʊld ðə ˈwəndərz əv ˈpleɪˌtɛks ˈtæmpɑnz, ənd aɪ traɪd tɪ θɪŋk əv ə gʊd kˈwɛʃən fər ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ. ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə kən kɔz ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈfoʊkɪs ɪn əbˈsɛsɪv ˈmoʊmənts, ənd ðɪs wɑz wən əv ðoʊz ˈmoʊmənts. aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ æsk ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ ə kˈwɛʃən ənd aɪ ˈwɔntɪd ɪt tɪ bi ˈfəni. aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ meɪk ʤeɪ ənd ˈlɛri læf. aɪ hæd tɪ meɪk ʤeɪ ənd ˈlɛri læf. ðɪs wɑz mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðən hu fuld pit ˈtaʊnˌʃɛnd. ðɪs wɑz mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðən ˈbrɛndə vəˈkɑroʊ. ðɪs, aɪ ˈdɛrseɪ, wɑz mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðən ə ˈtæmpɑn. aɪ hæd tɪ θɪŋk hɑrd ənd aɪ hæd tɪ θɪŋk ˈfəni. aɪ wɑz fˈjʊriəsli ˈpeɪsɪŋ ðə rum bæk ənd fɔrθ, laɪk ə ˈtaɪgər ɪn ə zu keɪʤ tu ˈsaɪzɪz tu smɔl. ðɛn ɪt hɪt mi laɪk 12 tənz əv mæʃt pəˈteɪtoʊz. aɪ hæd ðə kˈwɛʃən ənd ðə kˈwɛʃən wɑz ðəs: laɪk tɪ æsk ʤeɪ wət hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈsænwɪʧ is.”*.” hɑ! naʊ wət aɪ kɔl ˈkɑmədi. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɛls wʊd bi ˈæskɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈkɑmədi, hɪz ˈbækˌgraʊnd, hɪz ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz ənd ðɛn aɪ wʊd roʊl ɪn ənd hɪt ɪm wɪθ, jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈsænwɪʧ, jay?”*?” hɑ! ɪt wɑz kaɪnd əv ˈændi kaufmanesque*. ənd aɪ ləvd ˈændi ˈkɔfmən. aɪ pɪkt əp ðə foʊn ənd daɪəld ðə ˈnəmbər. ðə laɪn ˈstɑrtɪd ˈrɪŋɪŋ ənd maɪ hɑrt wɑz ˈreɪsɪŋ ˈwaɪldli. ɔn ðə fɔrθ rɪŋ, ɪt wɑz pɪkt əp ənd ə ˈwʊmən wɪθ ə ˈmɑnəˌtoʊn vɔɪs sɛd, kɪŋ ʃoʊ, du ju hæv ə kˈwɛʃən fər ʤeɪ leno?”*?” ʃi ˈsaʊndɪd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk. ““yeah*, gɑt ə question,”*,” aɪ ˈænsərd ðə ˈroʊˌbət ˈɑpərˌeɪtər ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪkli. wɔnt tɪ æsk ʤeɪ wət hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈsænwɪʧ is.”*.” ðɪs wɑz ˈgritɪd baɪ ˈsaɪləns. dɛd ˈsaɪləns. fər ə ˈnænoʊˌsɛkənd, aɪ θɔt aɪ hæd bɪn ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ˌdɪskəˈnɛktɪd. ““hello?”*?” aɪ kˈwɪrid tɪ ðə ˈsaɪləns. ““hi,”*,” ðə ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk ˈwʊmən rɪˈplaɪd. greɪt! wi wər stɪl kəˈnɛktɪd. ʃi kənˈtɪnjud ɪn hər ˈmɑnəˌtoʊn vɔɪs, ““ummm*, waɪ du ju wɔnt tɪ æsk ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ wət hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈsænwɪʧ is?”*?” hilarious!”*!” aɪ toʊld hər. ɪz ˈrɪli goʊɪŋ tɪ kræk ˈlɛri ənd ʤeɪ up,”*,” aɪ əˈʃʊrd hər, ənd ðɛn aɪ ʃət əp aɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈoʊvərˌsɛl ðə bɪt. will?”*?” ʃi æst ɪn hər ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk ˈmɑnəˌtoʊn. hɛl yes,”*,” aɪ sɛd ˈhoʊpɪŋ ðət θroʊɪŋ ɪn ə ˈmaɪnər kərs wərd wʊd bɑnd ˈjuˈɛs laɪk kɪdz ˈhæʧɪŋ ə plæn tɪ ɛg min oʊld ˈmɪstər. haʊs. aɪ pʊt ju ɔn hoʊld fər ə fju seconds?”*?” ʃi æst. kɔrs ju can,”*,” aɪ rɪˈspɑndɪd ɪn rɪˈlæksɪŋ vɔɪs, traɪɪŋ tɪ suð hər ˈwɪri ˈroʊˌbət maɪnd soʊ ʃi wʊd si ðə ˈʤinjəs əv ðɪs kˈwɛʃən. wɛl, ɪt wərkt. wɪˈθɪn 15 ˈsɛkəndz, ʃi wɑz bæk ɔn ðə laɪn. ““okay*, bi ˈkɔlər ˈnəmbər θri, tərn ðə ˈvɑljum daʊn ɔn jʊr ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. wɪn ju hir ˈlɛri ˈtɔkɪŋ ɔn jʊr foʊn, gɪt ˈrɛdi tɪ æsk jʊr kˈwɛʃən ʤɪst laɪk ju sɛd ɪt tɪ me.”*.” aɪ wɑz ɔn. aɪ wɑz ɔn! aɪ wɑz ðə θərd ˈkɔlər. aɪ wɑz ðə kɪŋ əv ðə ˈfəkɪŋ wərld. ˈlɛri ənd ʤeɪ wʊd ləv maɪ kˈwɛʃən. ðeɪ wər goʊɪŋ tɪ kræk əp. wi wʊd ɔl læf təˈgɛðər. ðeɪ wʊd læf wɪθ mi, nɑt æt mi. ˈmeɪbi ʤeɪ wʊd tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪt ɔn ðə ˈlɛtərmən ʃoʊ ðə nɛkst wik. ˈmeɪbi ˈdeɪvɪd ˈlɛtərmən wʊd wɔnt tɪ hæv mi ɔn ɛz ə gɛst. ˈmeɪbi aɪ wʊd bɪˈkəm ə stɑr aʊt əv ðɪs. aɪ wɑz ʤɪst əˈbaʊt tɪ bɪˈkəm ðə mæn hu æst ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ wət hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈsænwɪʧ wɑz ənd sun ðə wərld wʊd ləv mi. ˈstreɪnʤərz wʊd wɔnt tɪ ɪmˈbreɪs mi ənd teɪk mi ˈɪntu ðɛr hoʊmz ənd fid mi ˈpitsə. əˈbaʊt faɪv ˈmɪnəts ˈleɪtər, ɛz aɪ keɪm tɪ ðɪs ˈriləˈzeɪʃən, ɔl əv ə ˈsədən aɪ hərd ˈlɛri vɔɪs ɪn maɪ foʊn. hæv ə ˈkɔlər frəm piˈɔriə, ˌɪləˈnɔɪz. du ju hæv ə kˈwɛʃən fər ʤeɪ leno?”*?” oʊ, bɔɪ, dɪd aɪ hæv ə kˈwɛʃən. ənd aɪ æst ɪt. ““yeah*, larry,”*,” aɪ sɛd, ənd ðɛn pɔzd fər kəˈmidɪk ˈifɛkt. laɪk tɪ æsk ʤeɪ wət hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈsænwɪʧ is.”*.” baboom*. ɪt wɑz æst. aɪ ˈweɪtɪd fər ˈhɛvən tɪ pɑrt ənd ðə ˈeɪnʤəlz stɑrt ˈsɪŋɪŋ ənd ʤeɪ ənd ˈlɛri tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ maɪ ˈʤinjəs. aɪ lʊkt æt ðə ˌpænəˈsɑnɪk ənd ˈlɛri wɑz ˈgrɪməsɪŋ. ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ lʊkt laɪk hi hæd ə saʊər ˈstəmək. dɪd ðeɪ hir maɪ kˈwɛʃən? dɪd aɪ ˈsəmˌhaʊ spik ɪn ə ˈfɔrən təŋ? ˈæftər ən əˈnizi fju ˈsɛkəndz, ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ spoʊk. ““well*, aɪ gɛs seɪ ə ˈfɪli ˈsænwɪʧ. ʤi, ˈlɛri, wət ən ˌɪnkˈwɪzɪtɪv ˈɔdiəns ju have,”*,” hi sɛd hɪz vɔɪs ˈdrɪpɪŋ wɪθ ˈsɑrˌkæzəm ənd kənˈtɛmpt. ðə nɛkst ˈkɔlər goʊɪŋ tɪ æsk mi: maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt color?”*?” ˈlɛri wɑz ˈskaʊlɪŋ. ɔl əv ðə ˈsədən maɪ wərld wɑz ˈspɪnɪŋ ɪn ðə rɔŋ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. maɪ ˈstəmək tˈwɪstɪd ˈɪntu ə ˈprɛtzəl nɑt ɛz ˈlɛri ˈətərd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ wərdz: caller.”*.” nɛkst ˈkɔlər. fək. ðɛn maɪ foʊn wɛnt dɛd. wɪn ðə daɪəl toʊn keɪm ɔn, aɪ ˈfaɪnəli sərˈɛndərd ɪt tɪ ðə beɪs. ðeɪ gɪt ɪt. ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi læft. ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ θɔt aɪ wɑz ˈstupɪd. ˈlɛri kɪŋ ˈheɪtɪd mi. ˈdeɪvɪd ˈlɛtərmən wɑz ˈnɛvər goʊɪŋ tɪ kɔl mi. ənd ðə pur ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk foʊn ˈskrinər, ʃi ˈprɑbəˌbli gɑt ˈhændɪd hər ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈpeɪpərz 10 ˈsɛkəndz ˈæftər ðə kɔl hɪt ðə ˈɛrˌweɪvz. fək! aɪ tərnd ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ɔf ənd pʊt ðə hu bæk ɔn. ðə nu bɔs, seɪm ɛz ðə oʊld boss.”*.” pit ˈtaʊnˌʃɛnd ˈgɔtən ɪt. hi θɔt ɪt wɑz ˈfəni. ənd kiθ mun? ʃɪt, hi ˈbəstɪd ə gət ˈoʊvər ɪt. jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt sandwich?”*?” ˈfəni ˈfəkɪŋ stəf. ˈkrækɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf əp raɪt naʊ ɛz aɪ taɪp ðə wərdz. fək ˈlɛri kɪŋ. fək ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ. ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ˈnɛvər gɑt ˈlɛni brus, ˈiðər. ʃɪt, ðeɪ lɑkt ðət sən əv ə bɪʧ əp ɪn ʤeɪl ˈoʊvər səm əv hɪz bɪts. ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi noʊz ðə ˈtrəbəl mi ənd ˈlɛni hæv sin. ʤeɪ ənd ˈlɛri gɪt maɪ ˈhjumər, bət aɪ nu ɛz aɪ pæst aʊt ˈæftər ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ sɪks mɔr bɪrz ənd ˈkərsɪŋ ðə lɪvz əv ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ ənd ˈlɛri kɪŋ, ðət ˈlɛni wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ daʊn æt mi ənd hi wɑz ˈlæfɪŋ. wɪθ mi. nɑt æt mi. ðə nɛkst deɪ aɪ woʊk əp ənd stɪl ə ˈlɪtəl haɪ frəm ðə pɑt. aɪ tʊk ə ʃaʊər, tʊk ə bənʧ əv ˈæsprɪn, wɑʃt ðɛm daʊn wɪθ ə kən əv daɪət koʊk ənd ˈwɛrəli droʊv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn tɪ ðə ˈprɪnɪŋ ˈfæktəri wɛr aɪ wərkt ɛz ə fɪlm ˈstrɪpər. aɪ pɑrkt, meɪd maɪ weɪ ˈɪntu ðə rum wɛr aɪ wərkt wɪθ əraʊnd naɪn ˈəðər ˈpipəl, swaɪpt maɪ ənd ˈstɑrtɪd ˈmeɪkɪŋ maɪ weɪ bæk tɪ ðə laɪt ˈteɪbəl wɛr aɪ sæt. ɔn maɪ weɪ ðɛr, aɪ hərd wən əv maɪ ˈkoʊˈwərkərz, dɪk ˈmɔrər, ˈtɔkɪŋ. wɑz ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˈlɛri kɪŋ læst naɪt ənd hi hæd ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ on,”*,” dɪk ɪkˈspleɪnd tɪ əˈbaʊt faɪv ˈkoʊˈwərkərz ˈgæðərd əraʊnd hɪz laɪt ˈteɪbəl. əv ə ˈsədən səm gaɪ frəm piˈɔriə gɪts ɔn, ənd ðɪs ˈæshoʊl æsks ˈlɛnoʊ wət hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈsænwɪʧ is!”*!” ““hey*, ðət ˈæshoʊl wɑz me!”*!” aɪ ˈʃaʊtɪd aʊt tɪ ˈmɔrər ənd hɪz kəmˈpeɪtriəts. ʃɪt! aɪ θɔt aɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ðət vɔɪs læst naɪt ənd ɪt wɑz you,”*,” ˈmɔrər sɛd, ˈbreɪkɪŋ aʊt ˈɪntu ˈlæftər. ðə hɛl dɪd ju kɔl ɪn ənd æsk ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ wət hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈsænwɪʧ is?”*?” ˈfəni. ju noʊ, ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɛls ɪz ˈæskɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt hɪz kərɪr, hɪz ˈbækˌgraʊnd, hɪz ˈfæməli ənd ðɛn aɪ hɪt ɪm wɪθ, jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈsænwɪʧ, jay!’*!’ ɔn ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ən ˈændi ˈkɔfmən bit,”*,” aɪ ɪkˈspleɪnd tɪ ðə grup. ðeɪ ɔl ʤɪst stɛrd ˈblæŋkli æt mi. wɑz funny!”*!” aɪ ˈʃaʊtɪd aʊt, ənd stɑmpt maɪ lɛft fʊt ɔn ðə ˈkɑnkrit flɔr fər ˈɛmfəsɪs. noʊ wən sɛd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ðeɪ ɔl sˈloʊli wɛnt tɪ ðɛr laɪt ˈteɪbəlz ənd wɛnt tɪ wərk. aɪ wɛnt tɪ maɪn, ˈmətərɪŋ assholes”*” ˈəndər maɪ brɛθ. fər ˈoʊvər 10 jɪrz, aɪ ˈnɛvər tɔkt əˈbaʊt ðət naɪt əv ðə ˈlɛri kɪŋ ʃoʊ. baɪ ðɛn, aɪ wɑz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, ˈwərkɪŋ naɪts ənd ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ maɪ oʊn ˈhjumər ˈmægəˌzin, fishwrap*. ɪt wɑz 1996 ənd ˈɛlən ənd ˈtreɪsi, ðə tu ˈwɪmən hu ræn ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ðət dɪˈstrɪbjətəd maɪ ˈmægəˌzin, wər ɪn taʊn. wi wər ˈhævɪŋ lənʧ æt ən ˈaʊtˌdɔr kəˈfeɪ ɔn ðə ˈəpər wɛst saɪd. əˈbaʊt θri baɪts ˈɪntu maɪ grɪld ˈʧɪkən ˈsænwɪʧ, aɪz gɑt waɪd ənd ʃi sɛd,, maɪ gɑd, lʊk ˈwɔkɪŋ təˈwɔrdz us.”*.” aɪ tərnd əraʊnd ənd sɔ ə tɔl, ˈstənɪŋ blɑnd ˈstrətɪŋ ɑr weɪ ɔn ðə ˈsaɪdˌwɔk. nɛkst tɪ hər, ɔl ˈoʊvər, ˈkɛriɪŋ ɔl kaɪnz əv bægz ənd ə juʤ skaʊl ˈkələrɪŋ hɪz feɪs, wɑz nən ˈəðər ðən ˈlɛri kɪŋ. aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈlæfɪŋ. soʊ funny?”*?” ˈɛlən æst. ago,”*,” aɪ ɪkˈspleɪnd, kɪŋ hæd ʤeɪ ˈlɛnoʊ ɔn hɪz ʃoʊ ənd aɪ kɔld ɪn ənd gɑt ɔn air,”*,” stɪl ˈlæfɪŋ æt ðə ˈmɛməri., yeah,”*,” ˈɛlən ˌɪnkˈwaɪərd, dɪd ju æsk him?”*?” æst him,”*,” aɪ sɛd, ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə boʊθ əv ðɛm waɪl sˈmaɪlɪŋ ˈwaɪdli ənd ˈhoʊldɪŋ maɪ hænz əp ɪn ðə ɛr fər ˈɛmfəsɪs: jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt sandwich?’”*?’” ˈɛlən lʊkt æt mi laɪk aɪ wɑz nəts. ˈtreɪsi ʤɪst sɛd sɪks wərdz: dɪd ju æsk ɪm that?”*?” aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd raɪt ðɛn ənd ðɛr ðət ˈnɛvər tɛl ðət ˈfəkɪŋ ˈstɔri əˈgɛn. ðɪs ˈɛˌseɪ ərˈɪʤənəli əˈpɪrd ɪn ˈmɑrti bʊk ðə bɔɪ hu wʊd bi ə firetruck*.

three people you may have heard john gruber, developer brent simmons, and designer dave joined forces to create q branch, an app development company whose first product is a $5 iphone app called vesper. the app, released thursday, aims to help “collect your thoughts.” yes, yet another iphone notes app. but one meticulously and tastefully surprising, coming from the principals of q branch. spent the past few weeks the app, and in advance of the release i also talked to gruber, simmons, and (all of whom have written for macworld in the past) about what went into building it. a notebook in your iphone there’s no shortage of notebook and reminder apps on ios. used many of them, including own notes, evernote, and a vast collection of text editors. and yet none of them has stuck for any length of time. the q branch group has had the same experience. vesper's full list view. “i’d been waiting for [a app] i liked and wanted to use,” simmons said. “that one just appeared. there are good ones, for none that fit how i think and none that feel the way vesper feels.” i certainly guarantee that stick with vesper for the long haul, but been using it quite a lot for the past few weeks. the core is a simple list of notes. each note has a title, displayed in bold, with the first couple of lines displayed below it. tap and hold to “pick up” a note and the list in any way you like. tapping on a note enters the note editor. you can enter in as much text as like, as well as attach a single image, which you can take directly from within vesper or insert from your camera roll. notes can be mailed, sent via message, or copied to the no with other devices or any sync services. notes are organized via tags. tap on the gray tag button at the bottom of the note to add a tag, and a pretty orange will appear as you type, suggesting tags already entered. autocompletion of tags. from the list view, you can tap the “hamburger” icon in the top left of the screen or just swipe from the left edge in order to display a filter list, which lets you limit the notes being displayed to those that contain a particular tag. also an archive list, where you can send old notes with a swipe. vesper do much, but the point. “we built it for ourselves,” gruber said. “i think anyone who is like who appreciates attention to detail, doing a few things really well instead of many things love vesper.” vesper's list sidebar. it’s visually striking. i like the typography (the one and only body font is a version of hoefler and frere-jones’ ideal sans) and the design of the tags and the filter list. simple enough not to get in my way with a lot of organizational features, but provides me with more structure than something like the notes app. tagging notes made a lot of immediately made work, writing, and recipes tags. i commingled work notes, ideas for my novel, a favorite recipe for buttermilk biscuits, and an idea for my podcast without any trouble. once i started treating it as the iphone equivalent of a small paper notebook tucked into a pocket, it all began to fit. that’s not to say there more to be done with the app. notes to other ios devices (and perhaps a service like dropbox) would be a natural, though i fear that any feature addition will make the app more cluttered, when simplicity is one of its real strengths. too many feature additions and run screaming from it, just as i often do from evernote. the story of q q is, of course, the mastermind who provides james bond with all of his clever gadgets, as the leader of the british spy q branch. (vesper is the name of a cocktail invented by bond as well as a pivotal character in casino royale.) "bond’s gadgets have always been at the intersection of utility and elegance," gruber said. as good a motto for a software company as any." “what i hope people pick up on is that in this scenario, we bond,” said. “we’re the people who make all the great tools for the agents to use.” here’s a look at the formation of q branch and the creation of vesper in the words of its three creators. macworld: how did this project come about? when did you decide to work together? did the idea for vesper appear first, or did you decide to collaborate and then figure out what you wanted to build? simmons: last year at çingleton i talked to john and dave about the three of us building an app, because it occurred to me that make a great team, and i was looking for something new and awesome to do. john already had the idea for vesper, but i know about it in advance. wiskus: last summer, justin williams suggested that we work on an idea john mentioned to him. justin had to drop out to keep up with freelance work, but i had completed a few iterations of design. when brent pulled me and john aside in montreal, we knew we wanted to work together but have anything in mind. i said, “well, i have this idea of i was working on,’ and showed them the early designs on my phone. gruber: right. it was an old idea of mine from around 2009, but i had long ago figured i be able to build it myself, so over the years i had offered it to developer friends when they asked me if i had any ideas for apps. the difference with what done here is that i just contribute the idea, i was part of the team. i consider ideas for apps all that valuable. the implementation of an idea that matters. simmons: we talked it over, and decided pretty quickly that build vesper. not long after that i decided to leave my job and switch full-time to working on vesper. what was the division of labor on this project? what did john do, what did brent do, and what did dave do? simmons: i write code while dave and john design. while i have input on design, it takes all my time keeping up with these madmen. which i thoroughly enjoy. in the past designed my own software, though i necessarily do all the graphics. this is a very pleasant change for great working with designers i trust, so i can concentrate on making those designs real. (being a engineer helps a ton.) so proud of their work. maybe they say it, but i can: i think the design is hot. i love the way it looks and especially how it feels. wiskus: our org chart is a venn diagram, but simply: john and i would talk, then i would go draw pictures and give them to brent. then all look at them, talk things through, try things out in implementation, and start the process over again. "the last few been the longest stretch in my life where done nothing new," gruber said. "i had the itch." john, what made you want to build an app? gruber: i seek it out. idea that we three would make a good team. but once he offered, i jumped at the chance. never worked with brent before, but been using his software for over a decade now, and long been a beta tester on his stuff. i know his taste in software, and i know it matches mine. it sounded like fun, an opportunity i could not resist. secondarily, always tried to do new things. the last few years, where done nothing but write daring fireball, have been the longest stretch in my life where done nothing new. i had the itch. the surprising part is how much designing for iphone harkens back to my days doing print design. my earliest design work was print, and that was my first love. of course as the years went on, i did more and more web design and less and less print. and like everyone who made the switch from print to web design, i bemoaned the lack of control. no control over the size of the canvas, severely limited selection of fonts, crude rendering resolution, etc. the control and fidelity afforded by the fonts, high resolution output, control over the size and placement of everything on me feel right at home. vesper and q branch are james bond references. why the homage? gruber: gadgets have always been at the intersection of utility and elegance. serve a necessary purpose, reliably, and look good doing it. as good a motto for a software company as any. what does vesper bring to the table that other apps? gruber: a few things. for one, the design supports any size note, naturally. i have notes, and notes. vesper supports photo attachments, which few others do, and the ones that do tend to be complex, fussy apps. but the three big things are organization, prioritization, and feel. with tags, i feel organized. got everything in my mind in vesper. but with tags i can focus on just one area at a time. (e.g., i have a tag for articles i want to link to on daring fireball.) with reordering, i can keep important stuff at the top of my list. this drove me nuts in other notes apps, which sort by date. always be opening notes and adding meaningless changes, like an extra line at the end, just to get them to sort back to the top of my list. vesper notes are like cards in a easy to move one to the top of the stack. the last, feel, is the most subjective. but i think achieved something special with vesper, where it feels both efficient and pleasing to use. i think this is more than just superficial. our goal was to make it such that, if a quick little thought entered your head that you might want to put in vesper, the appeal of using the app would push you over the edge to do it, to put it in vesper rather than just keep it in your head. a complete reduction of friction. wiskus: most apps of this type enforce some kind of philosophy. some have books you need to read just to understand them. we wanted something that worked the way our brains did naturally.

θri ˈpipəl ju meɪ hæv hərd ʤɑn ˈgrubər, dɪˈvɛləpər brɛnt ˈsɪmənz, ənd dɪˈzaɪnər deɪv ʤɔɪnd ˈfɔrsɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt kju brænʧ, ən æp dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈkəmpəˌni huz fərst ˈprɑdəkt ɪz ə 5 ˈaɪˌfoʊn æp kɔld ˈvɛspər. ðə æp, riˈlist ˈθərzˌdeɪ, eɪmz tɪ hɛlp jʊr thoughts.”*.” jɛs, jɛt əˈnəðər ˈaɪˌfoʊn noʊts æp. bət wən məˈtɪkjələsli ənd ˈteɪstfəli səˈpraɪzɪŋ, ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ðə ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv kju brænʧ. spɛnt ðə pæst fju wiks ðə æp, ənd ɪn ədˈvæns əv ðə riˈlis aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ tɔkt tɪ ˈgrubər, ˈsɪmənz, ənd (ɔl əv hum hæv ˈrɪtən fər ˈmækˌwərld ɪn ðə pæst) əˈbaʊt wət wɛnt ˈɪntu ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪt. ə ˈnoʊtˌbʊk ɪn jʊr ˈaɪˌfoʊn noʊ ˈʃɔrtɪʤ əv ˈnoʊtˌbʊk ənd riˈmaɪndər æps ɔn ˈioʊs. juzd ˈmɛni əv ðɛm, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ oʊn noʊts, evernote*, ənd ə væst kəˈlɛkʃən əv tɛkst ˈɛdɪtərz. ənd jɛt nən əv ðɛm həz stək fər ˈɛni lɛŋθ əv taɪm. ðə kju brænʧ grup həz hæd ðə seɪm ɪkˈspɪriəns. fʊl lɪst vju. bɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ fər [ə æp] aɪ laɪkt ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ use,”*,” ˈsɪmənz sɛd. wən ʤɪst əˈpɪrd. ðɛr ər gʊd wənz, fər nən ðət fɪt haʊ aɪ θɪŋk ənd nən ðət fil ðə weɪ ˈvɛspər feels.”*.” aɪ ˈsərtənli ˌgɛrənˈti ðət stɪk wɪθ ˈvɛspər fər ðə lɔŋ hɔl, bət bɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ɪt kwaɪt ə lɔt fər ðə pæst fju wiks. ðə kɔr ɪz ə ˈsɪmpəl lɪst əv noʊts. iʧ noʊt həz ə ˈtaɪtəl, dɪˈspleɪd ɪn boʊld, wɪθ ðə fərst ˈkəpəl əv laɪnz dɪˈspleɪd bɪˈloʊ ɪt. tæp ənd hoʊld tɪ up”*” ə noʊt ənd ðə lɪst ɪn ˈɛni weɪ ju laɪk. ˈtæpɪŋ ɔn ə noʊt ˈɛnərz ðə noʊt ˈɛdɪtər. ju kən ˈɛnər ɪn ɛz məʧ tɛkst ɛz laɪk, ɛz wɛl ɛz əˈtæʧ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɪmɪʤ, wɪʧ ju kən teɪk dɪˈrɛkli frəm wɪˈθɪn ˈvɛspər ər ˌɪnˈsərt frəm jʊr ˈkæmərə roʊl. noʊts kən bi meɪld, sɛnt ˈviə ˈmɛsɪʤ, ər ˈkɑpid tɪ ðə noʊ wɪθ ˈəðər dɪˈvaɪsɪz ər ˈɛni sɪŋk ˈsərvɪsɪz. noʊts ər ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈviə tægz. tæp ɔn ðə greɪ tæg ˈbətən æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə noʊt tɪ æd ə tæg, ənd ə ˈprɪti ˈɔrɪnʤ wɪl əˈpɪr ɛz ju taɪp, səˈʤɛstɪŋ tægz ɔˈrɛdi ˈɛnərd. əv tægz. frəm ðə lɪst vju, ju kən tæp ðə ““hamburger”*” ˈaɪkɑn ɪn ðə tɔp lɛft əv ðə skrin ər ʤɪst swaɪp frəm ðə lɛft ɛʤ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ dɪˈspleɪ ə ˈfɪltər lɪst, wɪʧ lɛts ju ˈlɪmət ðə noʊts biɪŋ dɪˈspleɪd tɪ ðoʊz ðət kənˈteɪn ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr tæg. ˈɔlsoʊ ən ˈɑrˌkaɪv lɪst, wɛr ju kən sɛnd oʊld noʊts wɪθ ə swaɪp. ˈvɛspər du məʧ, bət ðə pɔɪnt. bɪlt ɪt fər ourselves,”*,” ˈgrubər sɛd. θɪŋk ˈɛniˌwən hu ɪz laɪk hu əˈpriʃiˌeɪts əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈditeɪl, duɪŋ ə fju θɪŋz ˈrɪli wɛl ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈmɛni θɪŋz ləv vesper.”*.” lɪst ˈsaɪdˌbɑr. ˈvɪʒwəli ˈstraɪkɪŋ. aɪ laɪk ðə təˈpɑgrəfi (ðə wən ənd ˈoʊnli ˈbɑdi fɑnt ɪz ə ˈvərʒən əv ˈhoʊfələr ənd frere-jones’*’ aɪˈdil sænz) ənd ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ðə tægz ənd ðə ˈfɪltər lɪst. ˈsɪmpəl ɪˈnəf nɑt tɪ gɪt ɪn maɪ weɪ wɪθ ə lɔt əv ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənəl ˈfiʧərz, bət prəˈvaɪdz mi wɪθ mɔr ˈstrəkʧər ðən ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðə noʊts æp. ˈtægɪŋ noʊts meɪd ə lɔt əv ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli meɪd wərk, ˈraɪtɪŋ, ənd ˈrɛsəpiz tægz. aɪ kɑˈmɪŋgəld wərk noʊts, aɪˈdiəz fər maɪ ˈnɑvəl, ə ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈrɛsəpi fər ˈbətərˌmɪlk ˈbɪskəts, ənd ən aɪˈdiə fər maɪ ˈpɔdˌkæst wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˈtrəbəl. wəns aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈtritɪŋ ɪt ɛz ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv ə smɔl ˈpeɪpər ˈnoʊtˌbʊk təkt ˈɪntu ə ˈpɑkət, ɪt ɔl bɪˈgæn tɪ fɪt. nɑt tɪ seɪ ðɛr mɔr tɪ bi dən wɪθ ðə æp. noʊts tɪ ˈəðər ˈioʊs dɪˈvaɪsɪz (ənd pərˈhæps ə ˈsərvɪs laɪk dropbox*) wʊd bi ə ˈnæʧərəl, ðoʊ aɪ fɪr ðət ˈɛni ˈfiʧər əˈdɪʃən wɪl meɪk ðə æp mɔr ˈklətərd, wɪn sɪmˈplɪsɪti ɪz wən əv ɪts ril strɛŋθs. tu ˈmɛni ˈfiʧər əˈdɪʃənz ənd rən ˈskrimɪŋ frəm ɪt, ʤɪst ɛz aɪ ˈɔfən du frəm evernote*. ðə ˈstɔri əv kju kju ɪz, əv kɔrs, ðə ˈmæstərˌmaɪnd hu prəˈvaɪdz ʤeɪmz bɑnd wɪθ ɔl əv hɪz ˈklɛvər ˈgæʤəts, ɛz ðə ˈlidər əv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ spaɪ kju brænʧ. (ˈvɛspər ɪz ðə neɪm əv ə ˈkɑkˌteɪl ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd baɪ bɑnd ɛz wɛl ɛz ə ˈpɪvətəl ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn kəˈsinoʊ rɔɪæl.) ˈgæʤəts hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn æt ðə ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən əv juˈtɪləti ənd ˈɛləgəns," ˈgrubər sɛd. ɛz gʊd ə ˈmɑtoʊ fər ə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈkəmpəˌni ɛz ˈɛni." aɪ hoʊp ˈpipəl pɪk əp ɔn ɪz ðət ɪn ðɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ, wi bond,”*,” sɛd. ðə ˈpipəl hu meɪk ɔl ðə greɪt tulz fər ðə ˈeɪʤənts tɪ use.”*.” ə lʊk æt ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv kju brænʧ ənd ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ˈvɛspər ɪn ðə wərdz əv ɪts θri kriˈeɪtərz. ˈmækˌwərld: haʊ dɪd ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt kəm əˈbaʊt? wɪn dɪd ju ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər? dɪd ðə aɪˈdiə fər ˈvɛspər əˈpɪr fərst, ər dɪd ju ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ kəˈlæbərˌeɪt ənd ðɛn ˈfɪgjər aʊt wət ju ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bɪld? ˈsɪmənz: læst jɪr æt aɪ tɔkt tɪ ʤɑn ənd deɪv əˈbaʊt ðə θri əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈbɪldɪŋ ən æp, bɪˈkəz ɪt əˈkərd tɪ mi ðət meɪk ə greɪt tim, ənd aɪ wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈsəmθɪŋ nu ənd ˈɔsəm tɪ du. ʤɑn ɔˈrɛdi hæd ðə aɪˈdiə fər ˈvɛspər, bət aɪ noʊ əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪn ədˈvæns.: læst ˈsəmər, ˈʤəstɪn ˈwɪljəmz səˈʤɛstɪd ðət wi wərk ɔn ən aɪˈdiə ʤɑn ˈmɛnʃənd tɪ ɪm. ˈʤəstɪn hæd tɪ drɔp aʊt tɪ kip əp wɪθ ˈfriˌlæns wərk, bət aɪ hæd kəmˈplitɪd ə fju ˌɪtəˈreɪʃənz əv dɪˈzaɪn. wɪn brɛnt pʊld mi ənd ʤɑn əˈsaɪd ɪn ˌməntriˈɔl, wi nu wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər bət hæv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪn maɪnd. aɪ sɛd, ““well*, aɪ hæv ðɪs aɪˈdiə əv aɪ wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ on,’*,’ ənd ʃoʊd ðɛm ðə ˈərli dɪˈzaɪnz ɔn maɪ foʊn. ˈgrubər: raɪt. ɪt wɑz ən oʊld aɪˈdiə əv maɪn frəm əraʊnd 2009 bət aɪ hæd lɔŋ əˈgoʊ ˈfɪgjərd aɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ bɪld ɪt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, soʊ ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz aɪ hæd ˈɔfərd ɪt tɪ dɪˈvɛləpər frɛndz wɪn ðeɪ æst mi ɪf aɪ hæd ˈɛni aɪˈdiəz fər æps. ðə ˈdɪfərəns wɪθ wət dən hir ɪz ðət aɪ ʤɪst kənˈtrɪbjut ðə aɪˈdiə, aɪ wɑz pɑrt əv ðə tim. aɪ kənˈsɪdər aɪˈdiəz fər æps ɔl ðət ˈvæljəbəl. ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ən aɪˈdiə ðət ˈmætərz. ˈsɪmənz: wi tɔkt ɪt ˈoʊvər, ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ˈprɪti kˈwɪkli ðət bɪld ˈvɛspər. nɑt lɔŋ ˈæftər ðət aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ liv maɪ ʤɑb ənd swɪʧ ˈfʊlˌtaɪm tɪ ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ˈvɛspər. wət wɑz ðə dɪˈvɪʒən əv ˈleɪbər ɔn ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt? wət dɪd ʤɑn du, wət dɪd brɛnt du, ənd wət dɪd deɪv du? ˈsɪmənz: aɪ raɪt koʊd waɪl deɪv ənd ʤɑn dɪˈzaɪn. waɪl aɪ hæv ˈɪnˌpʊt ɔn dɪˈzaɪn, ɪt teɪks ɔl maɪ taɪm ˈkipɪŋ əp wɪθ ðiz ˈmædmən. wɪʧ aɪ ˈθəroʊli ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ. ɪn ðə pæst dɪˈzaɪnd maɪ oʊn ˈsɔfˌwɛr, ðoʊ aɪ ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli du ɔl ðə ˈgræfɪks. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈplɛzənt ʧeɪnʤ fər greɪt ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ dɪˈzaɪnərz aɪ trəst, soʊ aɪ kən ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɔn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðoʊz dɪˈzaɪnz ril. (biɪŋ ə ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr hɛlps ə tən.) soʊ praʊd əv ðɛr wərk. ˈmeɪbi ðeɪ seɪ ɪt, bət aɪ kən: aɪ θɪŋk ðə dɪˈzaɪn ɪz hɑt. aɪ ləv ðə weɪ ɪt lʊks ənd əˈspɛʃəli haʊ ɪt filz.: ɑr ɔrg ʧɑrt ɪz ə vɛn ˈdaɪəˌgræm, bət ˈsɪmpli: ʤɑn ənd aɪ wʊd tɔk, ðɛn aɪ wʊd goʊ drɔ ˈpɪkʧərz ənd gɪv ðɛm tɪ brɛnt. ðɛn ɔl lʊk æt ðɛm, tɔk θɪŋz θru, traɪ θɪŋz aʊt ɪn ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən, ənd stɑrt ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn. "ðə læst fju bɪn ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst strɛʧ ɪn maɪ laɪf wɛr dən ˈnəθɪŋ nu," ˈgrubər sɛd. "aɪ hæd ðə ɪʧ." ʤɑn, wət meɪd ju wɔnt tɪ bɪld ən æp? ˈgrubər: aɪ sik ɪt aʊt. aɪˈdiə ðət wi θri wʊd meɪk ə gʊd tim. bət wəns hi ˈɔfərd, aɪ ʤəmpt æt ðə ʧæns. ˈnɛvər wərkt wɪθ brɛnt ˌbiˈfɔr, bət bɪn ˈjuzɪŋ hɪz ˈsɔfˌwɛr fər ˈoʊvər ə ˈdɛkeɪd naʊ, ənd lɔŋ bɪn ə ˈbeɪtə ˈtɛstər ɔn hɪz stəf. aɪ noʊ hɪz teɪst ɪn ˈsɔfˌwɛr, ənd aɪ noʊ ɪt ˈmæʧɪz maɪn. ɪt ˈsaʊndɪd laɪk fən, ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti aɪ kʊd nɑt rɪˈzɪst. ˌsɛkənˈdɛrəli, ˈɔlˌweɪz traɪd tɪ du nu θɪŋz. ðə læst fju jɪrz, wɛr dən ˈnəθɪŋ bət raɪt ˈdɛrɪŋ ˈfaɪərˌbɔl, hæv bɪn ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst strɛʧ ɪn maɪ laɪf wɛr dən ˈnəθɪŋ nu. aɪ hæd ðə ɪʧ. ðə səˈpraɪzɪŋ pɑrt ɪz haʊ məʧ dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ fər ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈhɑrkənz bæk tɪ maɪ deɪz duɪŋ prɪnt dɪˈzaɪn. maɪ ˈərliəst dɪˈzaɪn wərk wɑz prɪnt, ənd ðət wɑz maɪ fərst ləv. əv kɔrs ɛz ðə jɪrz wɛnt ɔn, aɪ dɪd mɔr ənd mɔr wɛb dɪˈzaɪn ənd lɛs ənd lɛs prɪnt. ənd laɪk ˈɛvriˌwən hu meɪd ðə swɪʧ frəm prɪnt tɪ wɛb dɪˈzaɪn, aɪ bɪˈmoʊnd ðə læk əv kənˈtroʊl. noʊ kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðə saɪz əv ðə ˈkænvəs, səˈvɪrli ˈlɪmɪtɪd səˈlɛkʃən əv fɑnts, krud ˈrɛndərɪŋ ˌrɛzəˈluʃən, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ðə kənˈtroʊl ənd ˌfaɪˈdɛləti əˈfɔrdəd baɪ ðə fɑnts, haɪ ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ˈaʊtˌpʊt, kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðə saɪz ənd ˈpleɪsmənt əv ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɔn mi fil raɪt æt hoʊm. ˈvɛspər ənd kju brænʧ ər ʤeɪmz bɑnd ˈrɛfərənsɪz. waɪ ðə ˈɑməʤ? ˈgrubər: ˈgæʤəts hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn æt ðə ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən əv juˈtɪləti ənd ˈɛləgəns. sərv ə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈpərpəs, rɪˈlaɪəbli, ənd lʊk gʊd duɪŋ ɪt. ɛz gʊd ə ˈmɑtoʊ fər ə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈkəmpəˌni ɛz ˈɛni. wət dɪz ˈvɛspər brɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈteɪbəl ðət ˈəðər æps? ˈgrubər: ə fju θɪŋz. fər wən, ðə dɪˈzaɪn səˈpɔrts ˈɛni saɪz noʊt, ˈnæʧərəli. aɪ hæv noʊts, ənd noʊts. ˈvɛspər səˈpɔrts ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əˈtæʧmənts, wɪʧ fju ˈəðərz du, ənd ðə wənz ðət du tɛnd tɪ bi ˈkɑmplɛks, ˈfəsi æps. bət ðə θri bɪg θɪŋz ər ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, prioritization*, ənd fil. wɪθ tægz, aɪ fil ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd. gɑt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪn maɪ maɪnd ɪn ˈvɛspər. bət wɪθ tægz aɪ kən ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ʤɪst wən ˈɛriə æt ə taɪm. (e.g*., aɪ hæv ə tæg fər ˈɑrtɪkəlz aɪ wɔnt tɪ lɪŋk tɪ ɔn ˈdɛrɪŋ ˈfaɪərˌbɔl.) wɪθ riˈɔrdərɪŋ, aɪ kən kip ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt stəf æt ðə tɔp əv maɪ lɪst. ðɪs droʊv mi nəts ɪn ˈəðər noʊts æps, wɪʧ sɔrt baɪ deɪt. ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˈoʊpənɪŋ noʊts ənd ˈædɪŋ ˈminɪŋləs ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, laɪk ən ˈɛkstrə laɪn æt ðə ɛnd, ʤɪst tɪ gɪt ðɛm tɪ sɔrt bæk tɪ ðə tɔp əv maɪ lɪst. ˈvɛspər noʊts ər laɪk kɑrdz ɪn ə ˈizi tɪ muv wən tɪ ðə tɔp əv ðə stæk. ðə læst, fil, ɪz ðə moʊst səˈbʤɛktɪv. bət aɪ θɪŋk əˈʧivd ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl wɪθ ˈvɛspər, wɛr ɪt filz boʊθ ɪˈfɪʃənt ənd ˈplizɪŋ tɪ juz. aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz mɔr ðən ʤɪst ˌsupərˈfɪʃəl. ɑr goʊl wɑz tɪ meɪk ɪt səʧ ðət, ɪf ə kwɪk ˈlɪtəl θɔt ˈɛnərd jʊr hɛd ðət ju maɪt wɔnt tɪ pʊt ɪn ˈvɛspər, ðə əˈpil əv ˈjuzɪŋ ðə æp wʊd pʊʃ ju ˈoʊvər ðə ɛʤ tɪ du ɪt, tɪ pʊt ɪt ɪn ˈvɛspər ˈrəðər ðən ʤɪst kip ɪt ɪn jʊr hɛd. ə kəmˈplit rɪˈdəkʃən əv ˈfrɪkʃən.: moʊst æps əv ðɪs taɪp ɛnˈfɔrs səm kaɪnd əv fəˈlɑsəfi. səm hæv bʊks ju nid tɪ rɛd ʤɪst tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðɛm. wi ˈwɔntɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət wərkt ðə weɪ ɑr breɪnz dɪd ˈnæʧərəli.

technology firms have turned several industries on their head. the way people buy books, hail a ride home from the bar or find a room for the night while on vacation have all changed. and now financial technology or firms are turning their sights on the banking industry, but canada's big banks aren't going to give up their dominant position without a fight. joanna rotenberg, head of personal wealth management at financial group, says the needs of customers are shifting and clients are seeking out digital tools to access and manage their money. in response, earlier this year the bank of montreal launched its investment service, which offers a professionally managed portfolio online for a low fee. "it's for clients who want support from human professionals," rotenberg said. "it's not a robot behind the scenes, but people who want to be able to access that digitally versus needing the and face-to-face support." the offering comes as companies like wealthsimple, nest wealth and look to take a bite out of the big players by making accounts online and cheaper by using funds. rotenberg says it has been more than just opening accounts with the new service, adding that it has attracted the attention of a wide range of clients in both age and amount of savings they have to invest. "you can't stereotype people in terms of who is interested. it really is about people who are looking for something that they can use on their smartphone, but they are going to get the money management support that they need," she said. and it isn't just investing where the big banks are fighting off new competitors. retail banking, long the bedrock of the big banks, is seeing new challengers offering basic banking services to canadians who have long complained about the fees they pay. online banks like bank, which is backed byuitable bank, and zag bank, which is supported by desjardins group, have launched with promises of lower fees and high interest rates on deposits as well as apps to help people manage their money. among the big banks, and its tangerine brand is the largest player in the online banking business. the former ing bank of canada operations, which acquired in 2012, was one of the first online banks in the country. but the other big banks have also been upping their game in a bid to remain competitive by cutting fees and making it easier to open accounts and manage money online. the royal bank has started offering unlimited free payments for personal accounts, while is offering an account with a flexible fee that varies depending on how many transactions customers make. bank has launched a real-time money management app to track spending habits from eligible accounts and credit cards. linda mantia, executive vice-president, digital, payments and cards at, said mobile applications have been a key focus. "there's very few things that allow you to be more relevant to the client, more convenient to the client, more secure than other channels and obviously incredibly cost-effective," she said. royal bank has recently launched a new version of its mobile and wallet apps and revamped the look of its online banking website. a redesign of its online brokerage site is on the way. mantia said both works with and competes against companies. "we're pretty lucky in a lot of ways that we're able to work with some of the smaller players," she said. "it is a bit win-win for us to be scared of them, to meet with them, to visit them because the last thing you want is for people who have always been in banking trying to banking. you need the stimulus of outsiders."

tɛkˈnɑləʤi fərmz hæv tərnd ˈsɛvərəl ˈɪndəstriz ɔn ðɛr hɛd. ðə weɪ ˈpipəl baɪ bʊks, heɪl ə raɪd hoʊm frəm ðə bɑr ər faɪnd ə rum fər ðə naɪt waɪl ɔn veɪˈkeɪʃən hæv ɔl ʧeɪnʤd. ənd naʊ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl tɛkˈnɑləʤi ər fərmz ər ˈtərnɪŋ ðɛr saɪts ɔn ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈɪndəstri, bət ˈkænədəz bɪg bæŋks ˈɑrənt goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪv əp ðɛr ˈdɑmənənt pəˈzɪʃən wɪˈθaʊt ə faɪt. ʤoʊˈænə ˈroʊtənbərg, hɛd əv ˈpərsɪnəl wɛlθ ˈmænɪʤmənt æt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl grup, sɪz ðə nidz əv ˈkəstəmərz ər ˈʃɪftɪŋ ənd klaɪənts ər ˈsikɪŋ aʊt ˈdɪʤɪtəl tulz tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ənd ˈmænɪʤ ðɛr ˈməni. ɪn rɪˈspɑns, ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr ðə bæŋk əv ˌməntriˈɔl lɔnʧt ɪts ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈsərvɪs, wɪʧ ˈɔfərz ə prəˈfɛʃənəli ˈmænɪʤd pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn fər ə loʊ fi. "ɪts fər klaɪənts hu wɔnt səˈpɔrt frəm ˈjumən prəˈfɛʃənəlz," ˈroʊtənbərg sɛd. "ɪts nɑt ə ˈroʊˌbət bɪˈhaɪnd ðə sinz, bət ˈpipəl hu wɔnt tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ðət ˈdɪʤətəli ˈvərsəz ˈnidɪŋ ðə ənd ˈfeɪstuˈfeɪs səˈpɔrt." ðə ˈɔfərɪŋ kəmz ɛz ˈkəmpəˌniz laɪk wealthsimple*, nɛst wɛlθ ənd lʊk tɪ teɪk ə baɪt aʊt əv ðə bɪg pleɪərz baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ əˈkaʊnts ˈɔnˌlaɪn ənd ˈʧipər baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ fəndz. ˈroʊtənbərg sɪz ɪt həz bɪn mɔr ðən ʤɪst ˈoʊpənɪŋ əˈkaʊnts wɪθ ðə nu ˈsərvɪs, ˈædɪŋ ðət ɪt həz əˈtræktəd ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv klaɪənts ɪn boʊθ eɪʤ ənd əˈmaʊnt əv ˈseɪvɪŋz ðeɪ hæv tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst. "ju kænt ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪp ˈpipəl ɪn tərmz əv hu ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd. ɪt ˈrɪli ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl hu ər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ðeɪ kən juz ɔn ðɛr smartphone*, bət ðeɪ ər goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt ðə ˈməni ˈmænɪʤmənt səˈpɔrt ðət ðeɪ nid," ʃi sɛd. ənd ɪt ˈɪzənt ʤɪst ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ wɛr ðə bɪg bæŋks ər ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɔf nu kəmˈpɛtɪtərz. ˈriˌteɪl ˈbæŋkɪŋ, lɔŋ ðə ˈbɛˌdrɑk əv ðə bɪg bæŋks, ɪz siɪŋ nu ˈʧælənʤərz ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈbeɪsɪk ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ kəˈneɪdiənz hu hæv lɔŋ kəmˈpleɪnd əˈbaʊt ðə fiz ðeɪ peɪ. ˈɔnˌlaɪn bæŋks laɪk bæŋk, wɪʧ ɪz bækt baɪ ˈɛkwɪtəbəl bæŋk, ənd zæg bæŋk, wɪʧ ɪz səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ˈdɛsʒɑrdɪnz grup, hæv lɔnʧt wɪθ ˈprɑməsəz əv loʊər fiz ənd haɪ ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts ɔn dɪˈpɑzəts ɛz wɛl ɛz æps tɪ hɛlp ˈpipəl ˈmænɪʤ ðɛr ˈməni. əˈməŋ ðə bɪg bæŋks, ənd ɪts ˌtænʤərˈin brænd ɪz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst pleɪər ɪn ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈbɪznɪs. ðə ˈfɔrmər ɪŋ bæŋk əv ˈkænədə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, wɪʧ əkˈwaɪərd ɪn 2012 wɑz wən əv ðə fərst ˈɔnˌlaɪn bæŋks ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. bət ðə ˈəðər bɪg bæŋks hæv ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˈəpɪŋ ðɛr geɪm ɪn ə bɪd tɪ rɪˈmeɪn kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv baɪ ˈkətɪŋ fiz ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈiziər tɪ ˈoʊpən əˈkaʊnts ənd ˈmænɪʤ ˈməni ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ðə rɔɪəl bæŋk həz ˈstɑrtɪd ˈɔfərɪŋ ənˈlɪmɪtɪd fri ˈpeɪmənts fər ˈpərsɪnəl əˈkaʊnts, waɪl ɪz ˈɔfərɪŋ ən əˈkaʊnt wɪθ ə ˈflɛksəbəl fi ðət ˈvɛriz dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn haʊ ˈmɛni trænˈzækʃənz ˈkəstəmərz meɪk. bæŋk həz lɔnʧt ə ˈrilˌtaɪm ˈməni ˈmænɪʤmənt æp tɪ træk ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈhæbəts frəm ˈɛlɪʤəbəl əˈkaʊnts ənd ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrdz. ˈlɪndə ˈmɑnʃə, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈvaɪˈsprɛzədənt, ˈdɪʤɪtəl, ˈpeɪmənts ənd kɑrdz æt, sɛd ˈmoʊbəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz hæv bɪn ə ki ˈfoʊkɪs. "ðɛrz ˈvɛri fju θɪŋz ðət əˈlaʊ ju tɪ bi mɔr ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ðə klaɪənt, mɔr kənˈvinjənt tɪ ðə klaɪənt, mɔr sɪˈkjʊr ðən ˈəðər ˈʧænəlz ənd ˈɑbviəsli ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli cost-effective*," ʃi sɛd. rɔɪəl bæŋk həz ˈrisəntli lɔnʧt ə nu ˈvərʒən əv ɪts ˈmoʊbəl ənd ˈwɔlət æps ənd riˈvæmpt ðə lʊk əv ɪts ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ə ˌridɪˈzaɪn əv ɪts ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈbroʊkərɪʤ saɪt ɪz ɔn ðə weɪ. ˈmɑnʃə sɛd boʊθ wərks wɪθ ənd kəmˈpits əˈgɛnst ˈkəmpəˌniz. "wɪr ˈprɪti ˈləki ɪn ə lɔt əv weɪz ðət wɪr ˈeɪbəl tɪ wərk wɪθ səm əv ðə sˈmɔlər pleɪərz," ʃi sɛd. "ɪt ɪz ə bɪt ˌwɪnˈwɪn fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ bi skɛrd əv ðɛm, tɪ mit wɪθ ðɛm, tɪ ˈvɪzɪt ðɛm bɪˈkəz ðə læst θɪŋ ju wɔnt ɪz fər ˈpipəl hu hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ɪn ˈbæŋkɪŋ traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈbæŋkɪŋ. ju nid ðə ˈstɪmjələs əv aʊtˈsaɪdərz."

back up your save! so, this is basically my favorite game on the made this save editor in c#, i have never used that before, i'll put the source up on later when it is cleaner and updated a bit more, don't only, never thought i would do this, want to add can already do simple stuff, like changing amounts, good for the will see if i can inject the boosts to the save without needing to buy can do cool stuff like having 255 (i guess more, it's 16bit), instead of the normal max of i set to ffff, it didn't get used upon death, so that wasn't stuff like monomates, if you set to ffff, you can still use them (and the value won't even go down to anyone can have a look at items, how they are stored in the save, please think items are stored in 16 bytes, but i might be assumed monomates, dimates, would be together in memory, but no they are spread out... can edit stuff like gran levels, but i will add this stuff to the editor bugs etc, please tell

bæk əp jʊr seɪv! soʊ, ðɪs ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt geɪm ɔn ðə meɪd ðɪs seɪv ˈɛdɪtər ɪn si#, aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər juzd ðət ˌbiˈfɔr, aɪl pʊt ðə sɔrs əp ɔn ˈleɪtər wɪn ɪt ɪz ˈklinər ənd ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ə bɪt mɔr, doʊnt ˈoʊnli, ˈnɛvər θɔt aɪ wʊd du ðɪs, wɔnt tɪ æd kən ɔˈrɛdi du ˈsɪmpəl stəf, laɪk ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ əˈmaʊnts, gʊd fər ðə wɪl si ɪf aɪ kən ˌɪnˈʤɛkt ðə busts tɪ ðə seɪv wɪˈθaʊt ˈnidɪŋ tɪ baɪ kən du kul stəf laɪk ˈhævɪŋ 255 (aɪ gɛs mɔr, ɪts 16bit*), ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə ˈnɔrməl mæks əv aɪ sɛt tɪ ffff*, ɪt ˈdɪdənt gɪt juzd əˈpɑn dɛθ, soʊ ðət ˈwəzənt stəf laɪk monomates*, ɪf ju sɛt tɪ ffff*, ju kən stɪl juz ðɛm (ənd ðə ˈvælju woʊnt ˈivɪn goʊ daʊn tɪ ˈɛniˌwən kən hæv ə lʊk æt ˈaɪtəmz, haʊ ðeɪ ər stɔrd ɪn ðə seɪv, pliz θɪŋk ˈaɪtəmz ər stɔrd ɪn 16 baɪts, bət aɪ maɪt bi əˈsumd monomates*, dimates*, wʊd bi təˈgɛðər ɪn ˈmɛməri, bət noʊ ðeɪ ər sprɛd aʊt... kən ˈɛdət stəf laɪk græn ˈlɛvəlz, bət aɪ wɪl æd ðɪs stəf tɪ ðə ˈɛdɪtər bəgz ˌɛtˈsɛtərə, pliz tɛl

doug 7 comments today’s new york times tries to figure out why there was a group of english soccer hooligans at the protests against the so-called “ground zero mosque” on september 11th: among the yorkers who traveled to lower manhattan on saturday to protest the decision to allow an islamic community center to be built were seven men who came from england bearing flags with slogans and the cross of st. george a symbol of their nation and of the crusades. those flags are often seen at soccer stadiums, when ultranationalist fans of soccer team gather to cheer (and to fight fans of other nations), but they have been cropping up regularly at and protests in english cities over the past year. that is because the men are members of the english defense league, formed last year to counter what the men see as the threat posed to their national identity by immigrants to england and muslims who are neither white nor christian. as the british group hope not hate explained last month, the e.d.l. is led by a former member of the british national party, whose leader has made common cause with the ku klux klan, and has “mushroomed from a coalition of former football hooligans into an enormous street army with the propensity for large-scale disorder and city center confrontations with the police.”[ (…) after spending months working undercover on an documentary about the group, matthew taylor reported, “a guardian investigation has identified a number of known extremists who are taking an interest in the movement from convicted football hooligans to members of violent splinter groups.” (…) in a report on the group, the israeli newspaper asked, “what are israeli flags and jewish activists doing at demonstrations sponsored by the english defence league?” the newspaper answered the question this way: “call it a struggle against a common foe: islam. or a journey into the heart of darkness. or perhaps further proof that europe is starting to lose its mind again.”

dəg 7 ˈkɑmɛnts nu jɔrk taɪmz traɪz tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt waɪ ðɛr wɑz ə grup əv ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈsɑkər ˈhulɪgənz æt ðə ˈproʊˌtɛsts əˈgɛnst ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈziroʊ mosque”*” ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 11th*: əˈməŋ ðə ˈjɔrkərz hu ˈtrævəld tɪ loʊər mænˈhætən ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ əˈlaʊ ən ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk kəmˈjunɪti ˈsɛnər tɪ bi bɪlt wər ˈsɛvən mɛn hu keɪm frəm ˈɪŋglənd ˈbɛrɪŋ flægz wɪθ sˈloʊgənz ənd ðə krɔs əv st*. ʤɔrʤ ə ˈsɪmbəl əv ðɛr ˈneɪʃən ənd əv ðə kruˈseɪdz. ðoʊz flægz ər ˈɔfən sin æt ˈsɑkər ˈsteɪdiəmz, wɪn ˌəltrəˈnæʃənələst fænz əv ˈsɑkər tim ˈgæðər tɪ ʧɪr (ənd tɪ faɪt fænz əv ˈəðər ˈneɪʃənz), bət ðeɪ hæv bɪn ˈkrɑpɪŋ əp ˈrɛgjələrli æt ənd ˈproʊˌtɛsts ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈsɪtiz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪr. ðət ɪz bɪˈkəz ðə mɛn ər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ dɪˈfɛns lig, fɔrmd læst jɪr tɪ ˈkaʊntər wət ðə mɛn si ɛz ðə θrɛt poʊzd tɪ ðɛr ˈnæʃənəl aɪˈdɛntəˌti baɪ ˈɪməgrənts tɪ ˈɪŋglənd ənd ˈməzlɪmz hu ər ˈniðər waɪt nɔr ˈkrɪsʧɪn. ɛz ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ grup hoʊp nɑt heɪt ɪkˈspleɪnd læst mənθ, ðə e.d.l*. ɪz lɛd baɪ ə ˈfɔrmər ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈnæʃənəl ˈpɑrti, huz ˈlidər həz meɪd ˈkɑmən kɔz wɪθ ðə ku kləks klæn, ənd həz frəm ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən əv ˈfɔrmər ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈhulɪgənz ˈɪntu ən ɪˈnɔrmɪs strit ˈɑrmi wɪθ ðə prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl dɪˈsɔrdər ənd ˈsɪti ˈsɛnər ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃənz wɪθ ðə police.”*.”[ ˈæftər ˈspɛndɪŋ mənθs ˈwərkɪŋ ˌəndərˈkəvər ɔn ən ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri əˈbaʊt ðə grup, ˈmæθju ˈteɪlər ˌriˈpɔrtəd, ˈgɑrdiən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən həz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ə ˈnəmbər əv noʊn ɪkˈstriməsts hu ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðə ˈmuvmənt frəm kənˈvɪktəd ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈhulɪgənz tɪ ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈvaɪələnt ˈsplɪntər groups.”*.” ɪn ə rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ðə grup, ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈnuzˌpeɪpər æst, ər ˌɪzˈreɪli flægz ənd ʤuɪʃ ˈæktɪvɪsts duɪŋ æt ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz ˈspɑnsərd baɪ ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ dɪˈfɛns league?”*?” ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈænsərd ðə kˈwɛʃən ðɪs weɪ: ɪt ə ˈstrəgəl əˈgɛnst ə ˈkɑmən foʊ: ˌɪsˈlɑm. ər ə ˈʤərni ˈɪntu ðə hɑrt əv ˈdɑrknəs. ər pərˈhæps ˈfərðər pruf ðət ˈjʊrəp ɪz ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ luz ɪts maɪnd again.”*.”

month after month i've taken the "over" for the employment report ("over" the consensus), and that has been correct most months. however, for january, i'll take the "under" ... however i think there is a good chance that employment will be up 3 million (it would take 192 thousand jobs added including revisions). friday at am et, the will release the employment report for january. the consensus, according to bloomberg, is for an increase of non-farm payroll jobs in january (with a range of estimates between and), and for the unemployment rate to be unchanged at%. the reported jobs added in december. here is a summary of recent data: • the employment report showed an increase of private sector payroll jobs in january. this was below expectations of private sector payroll jobs added. the report hasn't been very useful in predicting the report for any one month, but in general, this suggests employment growth slightly below expectations. • the ism manufacturing employment index decreased in january to%. a historical correlation between the ism manufacturing employment index and the employment report for manufacturing, suggests that private sector manufacturing payroll jobs were unchanged in january. the report indicated a increase for manufacturing jobs in january. the ism non-manufacturing employment index decreased in january to%. a historical correlation between the ism non-manufacturing employment index and the employment report for non-manufacturing, suggests that private sector non-manufacturing payroll jobs increased about in january. combined, the ism indexes suggests employment gains of. this suggests growth below expectations. • initial weekly unemployment claims averaged close to in january, up from in december. for the reference week (includes the of the month), initial claims were at; this was up from during the reference week in december. generally this suggests a few more layoffs, seasonally adjusted, in january compared to the previous four months (employment gains averaged per month for the previous four months). • the final january university of michigan consumer sentiment index increased to from the december reading of. this was the highest level in over ten years. sentiment is frequently coincident with changes in the labor market, but this increase is probably mostly due to sharply lower gasoline prices. • on small business hiring: the small business index from intuit showed a increase in small business employment in january, down from added in november and december. • trim tabs reported that the u.s. economy added between and jobs in january. this was down from their to range last month (that was low but close). "trimtabs’ employment estimates are based on analysis of daily income tax deposits to the u.s. treasury from the paychecks of the 141 million u.s. workers subject to withholding" december and january are challenging for due to year end bonuses - so they provided a range again this month. • conclusion: there is always some randomness to the employment report, but most indicators suggest fewer jobs added in january compared to the previous several months. the consensus forecast reflects some slowdown in employment growth, but i'll take the under this month (below). special note: in addition to the normal revisions, the annual benchmark revision will be released with the january report. the preliminary estimate was an additional jobs as of march 2014 (not a large revision). also, the new population controls will be used in the current population survey (cps) estimation process. the notes that the "household survey data for january 2015 will not be directly comparable with data for december 2014 or earlier periods".

mənθ ˈæftər mənθ aɪv ˈteɪkən ðə "ˈoʊvər" fər ðə ɪmˈplɔɪmənt rɪˈpɔrt ("ˈoʊvər" ðə kənˈsɛnsəs), ənd ðət həz bɪn kərˈɛkt moʊst mənθs. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, fər ˈʤænjuˌɛri, aɪl teɪk ðə "ˈəndər" ˌhaʊˈɛvər aɪ θɪŋk ðɛr ɪz ə gʊd ʧæns ðət ɪmˈplɔɪmənt wɪl bi əp 3 ˈmɪljən (ɪt wʊd teɪk 192 ˈθaʊzənd ʤɑbz ˈædɪd ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ riˈvɪʒənz). ˈfraɪˌdeɪ æt æm ɛt, ðə wɪl riˈlis ðə ɪmˈplɔɪmənt rɪˈpɔrt fər ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ðə kənˈsɛnsəs, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈblumbərg, ɪz fər ən ˌɪnˈkris əv ˈnɑnˈfɑrm ˈpeɪˌroʊl ʤɑbz ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri (wɪθ ə reɪnʤ əv ˈɛstəˌmeɪts bɪtˈwin ənd ənd fər ðə ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪt tɪ bi ənˈʧeɪnʤd æt ðə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ʤɑbz ˈædɪd ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər. hir ɪz ə ˈsəməri əv ˈrisənt ˈdætə: ðə ɪmˈplɔɪmənt rɪˈpɔrt ʃoʊd ən ˌɪnˈkris əv ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər ˈpeɪˌroʊl ʤɑbz ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ðɪs wɑz bɪˈloʊ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz əv ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər ˈpeɪˌroʊl ʤɑbz ˈædɪd. ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈhæzənt bɪn ˈvɛri ˈjusfəl ɪn prɪˈdɪktɪŋ ðə rɪˈpɔrt fər ˈɛni wən mənθ, bət ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, ðɪs səˈʤɛsts ɪmˈplɔɪmənt groʊθ sˈlaɪtli bɪˈloʊ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz. ðə ˈɪzəm ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈɪndɛks ˈdiˌkrist ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri tɪ ə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ˈɪzəm ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈɪndɛks ənd ðə ɪmˈplɔɪmənt rɪˈpɔrt fər ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ, səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ˈpeɪˌroʊl ʤɑbz wər ənˈʧeɪnʤd ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ə ˌɪnˈkris fər ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ʤɑbz ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ðə ˈɪzəm ˌnɑnˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈɪndɛks ˈdiˌkrist ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri tɪ ə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ˈɪzəm ˌnɑnˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈɪndɛks ənd ðə ɪmˈplɔɪmənt rɪˈpɔrt fər ˌnɑnˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ, səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər ˌnɑnˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ˈpeɪˌroʊl ʤɑbz ˌɪnˈkrist əˈbaʊt ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. kəmˈbaɪnd, ðə ˈɪzəm ˈɪndɛksɪz səˈʤɛsts ɪmˈplɔɪmənt geɪnz əv ðɪs səˈʤɛsts groʊθ bɪˈloʊ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz. ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈwikli ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt kleɪmz ˈævrɪʤd kloʊz tɪ ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, əp frəm ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər. fər ðə ˈrɛfərəns wik (ˌɪnˈkludz ðə əv ðə mənθ), ˌɪˈnɪʃəl kleɪmz wər æt ðɪs wɑz əp frəm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈrɛfərəns wik ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər. ˈʤɛnərəli ðɪs səˈʤɛsts ə fju mɔr leɪɔfs, ˈsizənəli əˈʤəstɪd, ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ˈpriviəs fɔr mənθs (ɪmˈplɔɪmənt geɪnz ˈævrɪʤd pər mənθ fər ðə ˈpriviəs fɔr mənθs). ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈʤænjuˌɛri ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən kənˈsumər ˈsɛnəmənt ˈɪndɛks ˌɪnˈkrist tɪ frəm ðə dɪˈsɛmbər ˈrɛdɪŋ əv ðɪs wɑz ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl ɪn ˈoʊvər tɛn jɪrz. ˈsɛnəmənt ɪz ˈfrikwɛntli koʊˈɪnsədənt wɪθ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈleɪbər ˈmɑrkɪt, bət ðɪs ˌɪnˈkris ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈmoʊstli du tɪ ˈʃɑrpli loʊər ˈgæsəˌlin ˈpraɪsɪz. ɔn smɔl ˈbɪznɪs ˈhaɪrɪŋ: ðə smɔl ˈbɪznɪs ˈɪndɛks frəm ˌɪnˈtuət ʃoʊd ə ˌɪnˈkris ɪn smɔl ˈbɪznɪs ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, daʊn frəm ˈædɪd ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər ənd dɪˈsɛmbər. trɪm tæbz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə juz. ɪˈkɑnəmi ˈædɪd bɪtˈwin ənd ʤɑbz ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ðɪs wɑz daʊn frəm ðɛr tɪ reɪnʤ læst mənθ (ðət wɑz loʊ bət kloʊz). "trimtabs’*’ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ər beɪst ɔn æˈnælɪsɪs əv ˈdeɪli ˈɪnˌkəm tæks dɪˈpɑzəts tɪ ðə juz. ˈtrɛʒəri frəm ðə ˈpeɪˌʧɛks əv ðə 141 ˈmɪljən juz. ˈwərkərz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ wɪθˈhoʊldɪŋ" dɪˈsɛmbər ənd ˈʤænjuˌɛri ər ˈʧælənʤɪŋ fər du tɪ jɪr ɛnd ˈboʊnəsɪz soʊ ðeɪ prəˈvaɪdɪd ə reɪnʤ əˈgɛn ðɪs mənθ. kənˈkluʒən: ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz səm ˈrændəmnəs tɪ ðə ɪmˈplɔɪmənt rɪˈpɔrt, bət moʊst ˈɪndəˌkeɪtərz səˈʤɛst fjuər ʤɑbz ˈædɪd ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ˈpriviəs ˈsɛvərəl mənθs. ðə kənˈsɛnsəs ˈfɔrˌkæst rɪˈflɛkts səm sˈloʊˌdaʊn ɪn ɪmˈplɔɪmənt groʊθ, bət aɪl teɪk ðə ˈəndər ðɪs mənθ (bɪˈloʊ ˈspɛʃəl noʊt: ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈnɔrməl riˈvɪʒənz, ðə ˈænjuəl ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk riˈvɪʒən wɪl bi riˈlist wɪθ ðə ˈʤænjuˌɛri rɪˈpɔrt. ðə prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈɛstəˌmeɪt wɑz ən əˈdɪʃənəl ʤɑbz ɛz əv mɑrʧ 2014 (nɑt ə lɑrʤ riˈvɪʒən). ˈɔlsoʊ, ðə nu ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən kənˈtroʊlz wɪl bi juzd ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈsərˌveɪ (ˈsiˌpiˈɛs) ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs. ðə noʊts ðət ðə "ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈsərˌveɪ ˈdætə fər ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2015 wɪl nɑt bi dɪˈrɛkli ˈkɑmprəbəl wɪθ ˈdætə fər dɪˈsɛmbər 2014 ər ˈərliər ˈpɪriədz".

chapter text the world turned upside down on a tuesday. thomas had been sitting at his computer, looking at pictures of other peoples’ cats. there was a brief moment of unaccustomed weightlessness, followed by a lurching feeling as he started falling. he hit the ceiling half a second later, denting the plaster and hurting his head. he lay there for a moment, rubbing his scalp, which was bleeding profusely in the way that minor head wounds sometimes did. thomas let out a groan and moved slowly. when he looked up, he saw his cat,, staring at him. from the floor. “help?” asked thomas. his cat meowed. he placed a hand on the ceiling, where cracked the plaster. bits of it fell past him, to where his cat was sitting., having seen enough, out of the room. thomas stayed where he was. he touched the wound on his head, causing his fingers to come away bloody. he stared at them for a moment. there was enough blood for it to drip down; it fell toward the ceiling for a few brief fractions of a second, then reversed direction and fell toward the floor. thomas looked up at the plaster and blood next to his computer chair, which had fallen over. everything in the room was sitting just where it had been. thomas did what any savvy young person would do in a time like this; he pulled out his to consult the internet. unfortunately, when he pulled it from his pocket, he suddenly realized that it was trying to get away with him, fleeing toward the floor. if been prepared, it would have been no work at all to keep it in his grasp, but while he had decades of practice keeping a phone from falling from his grasp, he had no experience whatsoever with keeping a phone from falling up. the whole concept of gravity had been into two pieces: the objective (everything in the world) and subjective (just thomas). this would have been a pleasant epiphany had it not immediately followed his phone crashing into the ground. he winced when he saw the shattered screen. the internet going to be any help. it was unlikely that the internet would have been any help anyway, since thomas was certain that he would have heard about it if anyone had ever had their personal gravity reversed; there wouldn't be any readily available or forum threads where the issue was hammered out. still, he would have been able to go online to ask some pointed questions, which might have led him somewhere. he rose on slow, unsteady feet, until he was standing on the ceiling. when he reached (subjective, thomas oriented) up, he could just barely touch the phone. the screen was cracked, but there was no way of telling whether it was still working. even going up to the balls of his feet, he only really succeeded in pushing the phone around. he was finally able to grab it by jumping for it, which brought another dusting of plaster past him as he landed back on the ceiling. thomas looked down. he was on the ceiling of the second floor of his house. the actual floors were built for the strain of people walking on them, but he so sure that the same could be said for the ceilings. he had no idea what was beneath the plaster. there were probably some joists and insulation, then shingles beyond that. if he fell through the ceiling, what would happen? would he continue falling into the sky? the thought was sobering enough that he moved away from the windows. the phone working, even after pulling the battery out then putting it back in to reset it. with the idea that this might actually be a dangerous situation to be in, thomas reached up to grab his keyboard; luckily, it was a wireless one. while he was standing, he in too bad of a position to look at his computer screen, though he had to hold into the keyboard with one hand so it wouldn't go falling to the floor, which meant typing with a single hand. it took a few moments to get his computer to flip the output of his monitor), but then he was in business, with an open conduit to the internet and the wealth of it contained. it was all anyone was talking about. that was a relief -- it was proof that thomas crazy and alone -- but it also meant that thomas was nothing special. there were brief, thoughts at the back of his mind, that perhaps something strange and unique had happened to him. maybe he have been upside-down man, but there had been plenty of thoughts percolating, thoughts of money and attention. these all evaporated in the face of the worldwide news. the thing that really brought it home was a video. it looked like a traffic cam, but it was much better quality than that, so thomas thought perhaps it was one of those static cameras that tv stations cut to during commercial breaks. it showed a crowded pedestrian crosswalk somewhere in asia. it was evening in america, which meant that it was early morning in china; people were going to work. one moment the mass of people were crossing the street, the next they were accelerating toward the sky. it was almost exactly what the rapture was supposed to look like, at least in the movies and television shows that thomas had seen. there was nothing peaceful about it though; these people were falling, their mouths open in screams that the camera's microphone close enough to pick up. it only took a small slice of time for the crosswalks to be devoid of people. that was when thomas saw the cars; there were people inside them, pressed up against the roofs. a few of the cars started to idle forward, heading towards collisions that their drivers weren't in control enough to stop. that was where the video cut out. thomas stared at the computer screen in mute horror. then he the video and did the math. he advanced it frame-by-frame, making measurements for height. because there were so many people, it was easy to get references. he charted the seeming ascent of the people to confirm their acceleration away from the earth. in the first second, gone ten meters. in the second second, gone thirty meters. that meant acceleration approximated ten meters per second per second, which was almost exactly equal to the force of gravity, only working in reverse. the second half of the math was much more grim. terminal velocity for a human was about two hundred kilometers per hour, which they would reach in about twelve seconds. people started having substantial trouble with oxygen deprivation at eight kilometers above sea level, which the people falling into the sky would reach in about two minutes. from there, the air would get thinner, increasing their speed and hastening their death from asphyxia. all this would have happened within five minutes. while thomas was rubbing his head and fumbling with his phone, people had been dying. anyone who had been standing outside when the change happened was almost certainly dead by the time he finally watched the video. it was more than that though. anyone in a car would have been lifted from their seat, jolted and disoriented even if they were wearing a seat belt. thomas had felt mildly dizzy after his fall, which must have been from the fluid in his inner ear sloshing around. there would be car crashes, lots of them. car crashes aside, even if you were stuck in an car, what would you do? how would you escape to the safety of indoors if you were under threat of falling into the sky? how would people get food? how was anyone who survived this first day supposed to keep on living? thomas began downloading a local copy of wikipedia. if the change had happened worldwide, then it was only a matter of time until basic services were interrupted. men and women at the power plants would have been thrown to the ceiling, which immediately cause the electric grid to shut down, but would impact their ability to correct any problems. that would lead to eventual failure. the same went for water pressure and internet service. while the five minute download of simple english wikipedia was going, thomas began charging his to full power and moving over likely looking books from amazon, grabbing everything that looked like it might be relevant. he reached up to grab his laptop from its and began charging that as well. when he had all the transfers going, he moved to the bathroom and turned the water on full blast. if water pressure went, a bathtub full of water would keep him from dying of dehydration. once all that was finished, thomas sat on the ceiling of his bedroom and thought about hierarchy of needs. physiological needs came first; that meant food, water, air, clothing, and shelter. the bathtub full of water would take care of dehydration for the time being. assuming that he could get down to the first floor, he could eat something in the kitchen. he made a quick mental note to eat things that were frozen or refrigerated first, in case the loss of electricity was imminent. he would have to take inventory, but he doubted that he had enough food for more than two weeks, and that was with rationing factored in. he had shelter and clothing covered just fine, though his shirt and pants seemed to follow the regular laws of gravity, which meant that they would need some modifications in order to reduce annoyance; his shirt was resting on his armpits rather than his shoulders. he'd have to find some suspenders and garters to keep everything where it was supposed to be. reducing annoyance was high up the hierarchy of needs though; comfort would have to come later. thomas began preparing to go looting without any real conscious decision; it simply came to him as a thing that needed doing. getting downstairs was a challenge, one that mostly involved standing on the second floor ceiling in order to try to find a grip on the first floor ceiling. never really taken note of the fact that the stairs from the first floor to the second floor had a high ceiling, but now it was all too apparent. if he planned to stay in his house, thomas was going to have to put some upside down stairs there, secured with nails, or at least make an incline of some sort. once on the first floor, he made his way to the hall closet, where he found one of the things need to make it in this new world; his climbing kit. he and lillian had gotten into rock climbing together. there was an indoor gym downtown that had cheap prices and an system that really require any sort of knowledge except how to wear a harness and how to clip in a carabiner. that had been the gateway that needed. from there, it too big a jump to buying his own harness instead of renting one. the shoes had followed soon after, a pair that he and lillian had bought together, so that their kit matched. bought the rope and for outdoor climbing, though only done that two or three times at a few of the local spots. as with most hobbies, thomas had eventually dropped climbing. considered himself fortunate to have come away from it having only spent a few hundred dollars. there had been other hobbies that had taken him in much more completely, which had eaten thousands of dollars before eventually grown bored. lillian had kept up with climbing though; that was one of the things that had driven a wedge between them. climbing had been something done together, a few hours three or four times a week. after thomas had stopped, it became something that kept them apart for a few hours three or four times a week. it too much of a surprise when lillian said that their relationship had run its course, though it still hurt. the only reason that his climbing gear was in a closet in his home instead of a at the climbing gym was that lillian had called him up to ask him whether she could use it. thomas had said yes, because he want to feel like an ass, but the only explanation for lillian borrowing a harness was if she was going climbing with an uninitiated man who have equipment of his own. thomas had gone down to the gym the next day (careful to go at a time when he knew that lillian be there) in order to take his climbing gear back. if she called him to ask again, he could simply say that decided to sell it, or that gone outdoor climbing, or some other excuse. had a reasonably amicable breakup, but that was no reason to let new boyfriend have something of his. that small, admittedly petty act was now going to put thomas in the top percentile of people most likely to survive. he started by stepping into the harness, which needed only a few straps loosened to compensate for the that came with months of a sedentary lifestyle. after that, he threaded the rope through and tied the necessary knots, then tested them, mostly to make sure that he still remembered how to tie them correctly. the next question was where to find the appropriate counterweight. thomas weighed 190 lbs. he would need to find something that weighed that much just to keep him stuck to the earth. anything less would just be pulled with him as he fell into the sky, like a teddy bear being pulled from a hand by a helium balloon. just for the sake of safety, thomas figured on needing an extra twenty pounds of weight. his other big parameter was movement; the nearest place to stock up on food was a gas station, but that was still three full blocks away. in addition to the problem of getting there, thomas also needed to consider the problem of trying to get back. there were weights in the basement, but only two adjustable dumbbells that totaled up to a hundred pounds. they were fancy, because you could dial in however much you wanted to exercise with to within five pounds. in this particular situation (one he had never considered when he was buying the dumbbells) thomas would have been much better off with separate weights that could all be tied together. after looking around his house for a bit, thomas settled on using the coffee table in the middle of the room as additional weight. it was a huge, ugly thing, but it was also a hundred pounds, which served his purpose. lifting the coffee table was far easier than expected it to be; all he had to do was reach up, grab it, and then pull down on it using his full weight. it feel like carrying anything at all; instead, it felt like hanging down from a bar so that he was only putting a small amount of weight on his feet. he assembled everything in the basement, where the ceiling was much lower. that way he could reach up towards the floor without having to try for extra height. he used the coffee table and the weights together, wrapping his rope around them several times and tying the knots as tight as he could. when he was finished, he pulled himself up and dangled from this contraption, so that his feet were a few inches from the ceiling. he tugged on it in a few different ways, then began swinging himself from side to side in order to do a stress test. if it failed here, he would fall a foot or two to the basement ceiling. the worst that would happen would be that he would bruise his tailbone. if the counterweight system failed out there, he would fall into the sky, where he would die of hypoxia and presumably become a floating corpsicle. everything held, which meant that it would be safe enough. the only thing keeping him back was the thought that perhaps gravity would take another turn. before today, his prior probability for the personal gravity of everyone in the world reversing direction was in the thousandths of a thousandth of a percent, but after it had happened once, his prior probability that it would happen again necessarily had to increase by a very large margin. if he knew that gravity was going to go back to normal in the next few days, he would certainly stay in his house instead of venturing out; food and water going to be an issue in the immediate future. if he knew that gravity was going to stay in its current configuration indefinitely, or at least as long as the next month, he would leave the house as quickly as possible in order to gather enough food to prevent starvation, and ideally gather whatever supplies would be needed to survive into the future, beyond the of months. he could try to split the difference and bide his time. even though he had no way to gauge the odds of gravity returning back to normal, he knew that if t was the time since the change, then as t increased, the odds that gravity would change back at decreased. every passing minute made him marginally more confident that this was simply the new order of the world. so as t increased, the confidence in the necessity of making this perilous journey would also increase. unfortunately, looting had definitive advantages for the people who moved first. worse, waiting too long would begin to exhaust thomas’ supplies, not just in terms of material things like food, but willpower and mental acuity as well. if he stayed at home with not much to do, with the gears turning, would he still have the courage to embark tomorrow? he wore an old biking helmet, which would hopefully protect him in the event of a sudden acceleration towards the ground. in his backpack, one he used since college, he put two liters of water, a number of snacks like trail mix and protein bars, a first aid kit from the bathroom, his wallet, and his laptop, which was now full of charge and loaded down with every resource thought to cram it with. backpacks were unfortunately designed to be assisted by gravity; their straps rested the weight on the shoulders. he had to use in order to secure it to his climbing harness, but that put the weight right on his legs, which were already carrying the weight of his body in a way that the human system designed for. the last thing he grabbed before setting out were two flashlights, in case it had grown dark by the time he returned. his cat watched these preparations with idle curiosity. thomas’ inner ear had finally stopped fighting with his visual cortex. in the beginning, the inner ear had been saying that he was right side up when his feet were on the ceiling but his visual cortex had been saying that he was upside down, likely based on decades of training in making just that determination. it was mildly disorienting, but nothing that he been able to handle. now though, the inner ear -- which was much more insistent -- had won out. the houses and trees were on the roof of an enormous cave so tall that the bottom was invisible. with a deep breath and not too much more time for second guessing, thomas set out toward the garage. movement was a matter of lifting up one of the and swinging it forward, then swinging the other one forward, then reaching up to grab the coffee table and awkwardly rocking it. it was slow, but seemed safe enough. after a few cycles of this, thomas was out of the house and dangling into the open air. there was nothing to catch him if his counterweights or ropes failed. after debating it for a few moments, he left the door partly open so that could escape. there was no sense dooming the cat to death by starvation if thomas fell into the sky. the trip to the garage took fifteen minutes of awkward movement, where before it had taken a handful of seconds. extrapolating from that and accounting for increases in efficiency as he got better at it, thomas still would have taken half a day to get to the gas station, which was the nearest point where there was food to be found in quantity. it was bad enough without the psychological terror of looking at the sky and seeing a quick death by oblivion there. fortunately, he had a car. getting into the car was an ordeal. opening the car door was easy enough from his dangling position, as was lifting the weights in, but the coffee table proved unwieldy. without it, thomas would have no way to get out of the car without risking death by falling. he eventually crammed it into the backseat with some difficulty by moving his weight around, but the ropes meant that he be able to fully close his doors. he got in the seat by flipping himself around, pushing his hands against the ceiling of the car, and then hastily buckling himself in. the average seat belt really designed to keep someone from floating up, but it was better than nothing. he clipped himself to his seat belt as well, so that in the event of a crash he would have some redundant mechanisms keeping him stuck to the earth. driving was a slow, painful process. in fact, everything outside the house seemed to consist of awkward and tedious processes. the car functioned the same as it ever had, but the pedals that controlled the gas and brake were difficult to reach because he had to work against gravity. blood was pooling in thomas’ brain from almost the moment he had turned himself upside down, so after he was out of the driveway, he had to turn the car off, turn himself around so he was sitting on the ceiling of the car, and wait to regain some semblance of proper blood flow. this mostly confirmed his initial thought that everyone who had been in a car or truck when the change happened was not long for the world. during that rest, thomas began thinking in the long-term. stocking up at the gas station would mean that he could survive for a matter of months. he would be able to set out rain barrels, which would take care of water easily enough by the time his bathtub cache had gone dry. it was early september, which meant that winter would need some thinking about. his house was insulated, but he had to assume that electricity would be a thing of the past when he would need to heat the house. that meant he would either need to move to a warmer climate, with all the problems that driving there would involve, or find a way to make a fire every day in a house that have a fireplace. thomas was thinking like a scavenger, but eventually there would be nothing left to scavenge. he would have to learn how to farm, but with all the added effort of clipping weights to himself. he would also have to scavenge weapons from somewhere in order to be able to hunt. but beyond those concerns, was there a life worth living in this new world? a conservative estimate said that maybe 20% of the people in his city were now dead. more would die from wounds they had sustained in those brief, unexpected falls that had marked the change. how many people had broken bones with no hope of emergency services or doctors coming to help? starvation (and the desperation that came with it) would eventually claim more lives. everyone that survived would be reduced to subsistence farming. yet even with these thoughts, thomas continued on. if there was no life worth living with things the way they were, suicide was as easy as his harness, but there was no way to chart out the course of the future with the information he had available to him. when he pulled up to the gas station, he was surprised to see people inside. he maneuvered the car as close to the front door as possible, then opened his car door. an older man, who was standing on the ceiling of the gas station next to a rack of postcards, opened the door. “you an idiot?” he asked. “excuse me?” asked thomas. “why in the hell are you out driving?” asked the man. he rubbed his head. “we seen too many fall into the sky. indoors is the only place safe.” “i needed supplies,” said thomas. he sure why he had thought there be people in the gas station. in his head, matched what was happening to the patterns that the movies always presented of apocalypses. maybe that was because seen the video of all those people falling to their deaths; it was easy to imagine what had happened as being the rapture. thought that if he was going to run into anyone, it would be another looter. yet now that he thought about it for five seconds, of course it made sense. a gas station almost always had at least one person in it. when the flip happened, they would have ended up on the ceiling. in a zombie apocalypse, the gas stations ended up abandoned, because the workers really have a reason to be there. but here, they have had any ability to leave. “supplies?” asked the man. he rubbed his head again. “well, come on in, i guess. how is it out there?” “i come too far,” said thomas. “just three blocks.” a woman was sitting on the ceiling with a phone in her lap. she wore a t-shirt with the local name emblazoned on the front. the older man was wearing a shirt with his name on a patch. thomas mentally labeled them customer and attendant. there were two cars out by the pumps though, which meant there was an extra person not accounted for. “so here to loot us?” asked the woman. “i can pay,” said thomas. he was about to unzip his backpack when he realized that it would be disgorge its contents onto the floor if he did that. “i can pay,” he repeated lamely. most of his money was in the form of credit cards, not cash. both were now of dubious worth. “i blame you for looting,” said the woman. “it’s what i would have done, if i thought i could make it to my car.” she pointed to a silver toyota next to one of the pumps. “no one is looting anything,” said the attendant. “i know that i can let you just buy things though.” he frowned in thought. “you can have whatever you want,” said the woman, “so long as you help us get out of here.” “now hold on just a minute,” said the man. he turned to the woman. “you have any claim on in this store.” “what’s the plan then?” asked the woman. “we were stuck here until he showed up. our options included trying to get into one of the cars or staying here until the power went out and we ran out of food. you were planning on splitting food with me, right?” “i suppose,” the man said slowly. “well, if you take into account the fact that i would be eating half the food in this place, then if this guy leaves with me, it seems like he should be entitled to some amount of the food as a reward.” “my thomas,” said thomas. “juliette,” said the woman. she held out her hand, which thomas shook. “randall,” said the attendant with a nod. “now i suppose i would split some food, if it came to that, but maybe this whole thing works itself out. maybe i can explain to my boss that i let you starve, but a whole heap different than letting you take off with half the food.” “it just be food,” said juliette. “we’ll need batteries, rope, flashlights, i saw some patching kits over there, tools we can use, things like that.” “no,” said randall. he shook his head. “that’s too much. things you need to survive, one thing, but talking about the long term. you use these resources to hunker down on your own.” “i’m not hunkering down,” said juliette. “i’m going to launch a rescue mission.” “you’re what?” asked thomas. “a rescue mission,” replied juliette. she turned to look at him. “most people are trapped inside their houses or places of business. everyone who survived the initial fall into the sky is safe, so long as they stay in one place. but in the long term, going to need to work together if we want to pull through this. right now, i think our first priority is going to be mobility.” she pointed at the ropes and harness that thomas was wearing. “i assume you know where we can find more of those?” “there’s a climbing gym downtown,” said thomas. he felt slightly dazed. though neither of them had mentioned it, his head was still sticky with blood where hit it on his ceiling. “we’ll go there first,” said juliette. “wait, a gym a block from here, maybe stop there first in order to get some weights. got to figure out a foolproof method of moving around and weights are going to be part of that.” “i agree to anything,” said thomas. “you have some rudimentary understanding of rock climbing,” said juliette. “i need you. and what are our other options here? grab as much food for ourselves as we can, hide out until civilization crumbles, then starve to death or be reduced to hunter-gatherers? crap.” thomas wavered. “i think two people can keep civilization together.” “of course not,” said juliette. “civilization is a process, one that take more than a handful. but the first step is getting mobility, not just for us, but for a small core of people. we need to do it while the communication networks are still up and running. furthermore, we need to build communication networks that can survive a temporary or even loss of power. radios, if we can find them. walkie-talkies, maybe. if had my laptop, be downloading as much information from the internet as possible, survival manuals and schematics for how to build things back up if it comes to that but before any of that, i need to secure a way out of this gas station. how about it?” thomas paused. just thrown his plans into disarray. driven a sense of hope into him like a stick stuck into the wheel of a moving bicycle. “okay,” he said. “we’ll give it a shot.”

ˈʧæptər tɛkst ðə wərld tərnd ˈəpˈsaɪd daʊn ɔn ə ˈtuzˌdeɪ. ˈtɑməs hæd bɪn ˈsɪtɪŋ æt hɪz kəmˈpjutər, ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ˈpɪkʧərz əv ˈəðər peoples’*’ kæts. ðɛr wɑz ə brif ˈmoʊmənt əv ˌənəˈkəstəmd ˈweɪtləsnəs, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˈlərʧɪŋ ˈfilɪŋ ɛz hi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈfɑlɪŋ. hi hɪt ðə ˈsilɪŋ hæf ə ˈsɛkənd ˈleɪtər, ˈdɛntɪŋ ðə ˈplæstər ənd ˈhərtɪŋ hɪz hɛd. hi leɪ ðɛr fər ə ˈmoʊmənt, ˈrəbɪŋ hɪz skælp, wɪʧ wɑz ˈblidɪŋ prəfˈjusli ɪn ðə weɪ ðət ˈmaɪnər hɛd wundz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz dɪd. ˈtɑməs lɛt aʊt ə groʊn ənd muvd sˈloʊli. wɪn hi lʊkt əp, hi sɔ hɪz kæt,, ˈstɛrɪŋ æt ɪm. frəm ðə flɔr. ““help?”*?” æst ˈtɑməs. hɪz kæt meowed*. hi pleɪst ə hænd ɔn ðə ˈsilɪŋ, wɛr krækt ðə ˈplæstər. bɪts əv ɪt fɛl pæst ɪm, tɪ wɛr hɪz kæt wɑz ˈsɪtɪŋ., ˈhævɪŋ sin ɪˈnəf, aʊt əv ðə rum. ˈtɑməs steɪd wɛr hi wɑz. hi təʧt ðə wund ɔn hɪz hɛd, ˈkɔzɪŋ hɪz ˈfɪŋgərz tɪ kəm əˈweɪ ˈblədi. hi stɛrd æt ðɛm fər ə ˈmoʊmənt. ðɛr wɑz ɪˈnəf bləd fər ɪt tɪ drɪp daʊn; ɪt fɛl təˈwɔrd ðə ˈsilɪŋ fər ə fju brif ˈfrækʃənz əv ə ˈsɛkənd, ðɛn rɪˈvərst dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ənd fɛl təˈwɔrd ðə flɔr. ˈtɑməs lʊkt əp æt ðə ˈplæstər ənd bləd nɛkst tɪ hɪz kəmˈpjutər ʧɛr, wɪʧ hæd ˈfɑlən ˈoʊvər. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪn ðə rum wɑz ˈsɪtɪŋ ʤɪst wɛr ɪt hæd bɪn. ˈtɑməs dɪd wət ˈɛni ˈsævi jəŋ ˈpərsən wʊd du ɪn ə taɪm laɪk ðɪs; hi pʊld aʊt hɪz tɪ kənˈsəlt ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, wɪn hi pʊld ɪt frəm hɪz ˈpɑkət, hi ˈsədənli ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ɪt wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt əˈweɪ wɪθ ɪm, fliɪŋ təˈwɔrd ðə flɔr. ɪf bɪn priˈpɛrd, ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn noʊ wərk æt ɔl tɪ kip ɪt ɪn hɪz græsp, bət waɪl hi hæd ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ˈpræktɪs ˈkipɪŋ ə foʊn frəm ˈfɑlɪŋ frəm hɪz græsp, hi hæd noʊ ɪkˈspɪriəns ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər wɪθ ˈkipɪŋ ə foʊn frəm ˈfɑlɪŋ əp. ðə hoʊl ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˈgrævɪti hæd bɪn ˈɪntu tu ˈpisɪz: ðə əˈbʤɛktɪv (ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪn ðə wərld) ənd səˈbʤɛktɪv (ʤɪst ˈtɑməs). ðɪs wʊd hæv bɪn ə ˈplɛzənt ɪˈpɪfəni hæd ɪt nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈfɑloʊd hɪz foʊn ˈkræʃɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə graʊnd. hi wɪnst wɪn hi sɔ ðə ˈʃætərd skrin. ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈɛni hɛlp. ɪt wɑz ənˈlaɪkli ðət ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt wʊd hæv bɪn ˈɛni hɛlp ˈɛniˌweɪ, sɪns ˈtɑməs wɑz ˈsərtən ðət hi wʊd hæv hərd əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪf ˈɛniˌwən hæd ˈɛvər hæd ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl ˈgrævɪti rɪˈvərst; ðɛr ˈwʊdənt bi ˈɛni ˈrɛdəli əˈveɪləbəl ər ˈfɔrəm θrɛdz wɛr ðə ˈɪʃu wɑz ˈhæmərd aʊt. stɪl, hi wʊd hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ goʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn tɪ æsk səm ˈpɔɪntɪd kˈwɛsʧənz, wɪʧ maɪt hæv lɛd ɪm ˈsəmˌwɛr. hi roʊz ɔn sloʊ, ənˈstɛdi fit, ənˈtɪl hi wɑz ˈstændɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsilɪŋ. wɪn hi riʧt (səˈbʤɛktɪv, ˈtɑməs ˈɔriˌɛntɪd) əp, hi kʊd ʤɪst ˈbɛrli təʧ ðə foʊn. ðə skrin wɑz krækt, bət ðɛr wɑz noʊ weɪ əv ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈwɛðər ɪt wɑz stɪl ˈwərkɪŋ. ˈivɪn goʊɪŋ əp tɪ ðə bɔlz əv hɪz fit, hi ˈoʊnli ˈrɪli səkˈsidɪd ɪn ˈpʊʃɪŋ ðə foʊn əraʊnd. hi wɑz ˈfaɪnəli ˈeɪbəl tɪ græb ɪt baɪ ˈʤəmpɪŋ fər ɪt, wɪʧ brɔt əˈnəðər ˈdəstɪŋ əv ˈplæstər pæst ɪm ɛz hi ˈlændɪd bæk ɔn ðə ˈsilɪŋ. ˈtɑməs lʊkt daʊn. hi wɑz ɔn ðə ˈsilɪŋ əv ðə ˈsɛkənd flɔr əv hɪz haʊs. ðə ˈækʧəwəl flɔrz wər bɪlt fər ðə streɪn əv ˈpipəl ˈwɔkɪŋ ɔn ðɛm, bət hi soʊ ʃʊr ðət ðə seɪm kʊd bi sɛd fər ðə ˈsilɪŋz. hi hæd noʊ aɪˈdiə wət wɑz bɪˈniθ ðə ˈplæstər. ðɛr wər ˈprɑbəˌbli səm ʤɔɪsts ənd ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən, ðɛn ˈʃɪŋgəlz bɪɔnd ðət. ɪf hi fɛl θru ðə ˈsilɪŋ, wət wʊd ˈhæpən? wʊd hi kənˈtɪnju ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə skaɪ? ðə θɔt wɑz ˈsoʊbərɪŋ ɪˈnəf ðət hi muvd əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈwɪndoʊz. ðə foʊn ˈwərkɪŋ, ˈivɪn ˈæftər ˈpʊlɪŋ ðə ˈbætəri aʊt ðɛn ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪt bæk ɪn tɪ ˈrisɛt ɪt. wɪθ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ðɪs maɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli bi ə ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən tɪ bi ɪn, ˈtɑməs riʧt əp tɪ græb hɪz ˈkiˌbɔrd; ˈləkəli, ɪt wɑz ə ˈwaɪrlɪs wən. waɪl hi wɑz ˈstændɪŋ, hi ɪn tu bæd əv ə pəˈzɪʃən tɪ lʊk æt hɪz kəmˈpjutər skrin, ðoʊ hi hæd tɪ hoʊld ˈɪntu ðə ˈkiˌbɔrd wɪθ wən hænd soʊ ɪt ˈwʊdənt goʊ ˈfɑlɪŋ tɪ ðə flɔr, wɪʧ mɛnt ˈtaɪpɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl hænd. ɪt tʊk ə fju ˈmoʊmənts tɪ gɪt hɪz kəmˈpjutər tɪ flɪp ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt əv hɪz ˈmɑnətər bət ðɛn hi wɑz ɪn ˈbɪznɪs, wɪθ ən ˈoʊpən ˈkɑnʤuɪt tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ənd ðə wɛlθ əv ɪt kənˈteɪnd. ɪt wɑz ɔl ˈɛniˌwən wɑz ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt. ðət wɑz ə rɪˈlif ɪt wɑz pruf ðət ˈtɑməs ˈkreɪzi ənd əˈloʊn bət ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ mɛnt ðət ˈtɑməs wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl. ðɛr wər brif, θɔts æt ðə bæk əv hɪz maɪnd, ðət pərˈhæps ˈsəmθɪŋ streɪnʤ ənd juˈnik hæd ˈhæpənd tɪ ɪm. ˈmeɪbi hi hæv bɪn ˌəpˈsaɪˌdaʊn mæn, bət ðɛr hæd bɪn ˈplɛnti əv θɔts ˈpərkəˌleɪtɪŋ, θɔts əv ˈməni ənd əˈtɛnʃən. ðiz ɔl ɪˈvæpərˌeɪtɪd ɪn ðə feɪs əv ðə ˈwərldˈwaɪd nuz. ðə θɪŋ ðət ˈrɪli brɔt ɪt hoʊm wɑz ə ˈvɪdioʊ. ɪt lʊkt laɪk ə ˈtræfɪk kæm, bət ɪt wɑz məʧ ˈbɛtər kˈwɑləti ðən ðət, soʊ ˈtɑməs θɔt pərˈhæps ɪt wɑz wən əv ðoʊz ˈstætɪk ˈkæmərəz ðət ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsteɪʃənz kət tɪ ˈdʊrɪŋ kəˈmərʃəl breɪks. ɪt ʃoʊd ə ˈkraʊdɪd pəˈdɛstriən ˈkrɑsˌwɑk ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn ˈeɪʒə. ɪt wɑz ˈivnɪŋ ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə, wɪʧ mɛnt ðət ɪt wɑz ˈərli ˈmɔrnɪŋ ɪn ˈʧaɪnə; ˈpipəl wər goʊɪŋ tɪ wərk. wən ˈmoʊmənt ðə mæs əv ˈpipəl wər ˈkrɔsɪŋ ðə strit, ðə nɛkst ðeɪ wər ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ təˈwɔrd ðə skaɪ. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪgˈzæktli wət ðə ˈræpʧər wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ lʊk laɪk, æt list ɪn ðə ˈmuviz ənd ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ʃoʊz ðət ˈtɑməs hæd sin. ðɛr wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ ˈpisfəl əˈbaʊt ɪt ðoʊ; ðiz ˈpipəl wər ˈfɑlɪŋ, ðɛr maʊðz ˈoʊpən ɪn skrimz ðət ðə ˈkæmrəz ˈmaɪkrəˌfoʊn kloʊz ɪˈnəf tɪ pɪk əp. ɪt ˈoʊnli tʊk ə smɔl slaɪs əv taɪm fər ðə ˈkrɑsˌwɑks tɪ bi dɪˈvɔɪd əv ˈpipəl. ðət wɑz wɪn ˈtɑməs sɔ ðə kɑz; ðɛr wər ˈpipəl ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɛm, prɛst əp əˈgɛnst ðə rufs. ə fju əv ðə kɑz ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ ˈaɪdəl ˈfɔrwərd, ˈhɛdɪŋ təˈwɔrdz kəˈlɪʒənz ðət ðɛr ˈdraɪvərz wərənt ɪn kənˈtroʊl ɪˈnəf tɪ stɑp. ðət wɑz wɛr ðə ˈvɪdioʊ kət aʊt. ˈtɑməs stɛrd æt ðə kəmˈpjutər skrin ɪn mjut ˈhɔrər. ðɛn hi ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ənd dɪd ðə mæθ. hi ədˈvænst ɪt frame-by-frame*, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈmɛʒərmənts fər haɪt. bɪˈkəz ðɛr wər soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl, ɪt wɑz ˈizi tɪ gɪt ˈrɛfərənsɪz. hi ˈʧɑrtɪd ðə ˈsimɪŋ əˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈpipəl tɪ kənˈfərm ðɛr ˌækˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən əˈweɪ frəm ðə ərθ. ɪn ðə fərst ˈsɛkənd, gɔn tɛn ˈmitərz. ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈsɛkənd, gɔn ˈθərˌdi ˈmitərz. ðət mɛnt ˌækˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən əˈprɑksəˌmeɪtəd tɛn ˈmitərz pər ˈsɛkənd pər ˈsɛkənd, wɪʧ wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪgˈzæktli ˈikwəl tɪ ðə fɔrs əv ˈgrævɪti, ˈoʊnli ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn rɪˈvərs. ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf əv ðə mæθ wɑz məʧ mɔr grɪm. ˈtərmənəl vəˈlɑsəti fər ə ˈjumən wɑz əˈbaʊt tu ˈhənərd ˈkɪləˌmitərz pər aʊər, wɪʧ ðeɪ wʊd riʧ ɪn əˈbaʊt twɛlv ˈsɛkəndz. ˈpipəl ˈstɑrtɪd ˈhævɪŋ səbˈstænʃəl ˈtrəbəl wɪθ ˈɑksɪʤən ˌdɛprəˈveɪʃən æt eɪt ˈkɪləˌmitərz əˈbəv si ˈlɛvəl, wɪʧ ðə ˈpipəl ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə skaɪ wʊd riʧ ɪn əˈbaʊt tu ˈmɪnəts. frəm ðɛr, ðə ɛr wʊd gɪt ˈθɪnər, ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðɛr spid ənd ˈheɪsənɪŋ ðɛr dɛθ frəm asphyxia*. ɔl ðɪs wʊd hæv ˈhæpənd wɪˈθɪn faɪv ˈmɪnəts. waɪl ˈtɑməs wɑz ˈrəbɪŋ hɪz hɛd ənd ˈfəmbəlɪŋ wɪθ hɪz foʊn, ˈpipəl hæd bɪn daɪɪŋ. ˈɛniˌwən hu hæd bɪn ˈstændɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd wɪn ðə ʧeɪnʤ ˈhæpənd wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli dɛd baɪ ðə taɪm hi ˈfaɪnəli wɔʧt ðə ˈvɪdioʊ. ɪt wɑz mɔr ðən ðət ðoʊ. ˈɛniˌwən ɪn ə kɑr wʊd hæv bɪn ˈlɪftɪd frəm ðɛr sit, ˈʤoʊltɪd ənd dɪˈsɔriˌɛntɪd ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ wər ˈwɛrɪŋ ə sit bɛlt. ˈtɑməs hæd fɛlt ˈmaɪldli ˈdɪzi ˈæftər hɪz fɔl, wɪʧ məst hæv bɪn frəm ðə fluɪd ɪn hɪz ˈɪnər ɪr sˈlɑʃɪŋ əraʊnd. ðɛr wʊd bi kɑr ˈkræʃɪz, lɑts əv ðɛm. kɑr ˈkræʃɪz əˈsaɪd, ˈivɪn ɪf ju wər stək ɪn ən kɑr, wət wʊd ju du? haʊ wʊd ju ɪˈskeɪp tɪ ðə ˈseɪfti əv ˈɪnˌdɔrz ɪf ju wər ˈəndər θrɛt əv ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə skaɪ? haʊ wʊd ˈpipəl gɪt fud? haʊ wɑz ˈɛniˌwən hu sərˈvaɪvd ðɪs fərst deɪ səˈpoʊzd tɪ kip ɔn ˈlɪvɪŋ? ˈtɑməs bɪˈgæn ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ə ˈloʊkəl ˈkɑpi əv ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə. ɪf ðə ʧeɪnʤ hæd ˈhæpənd ˈwərldˈwaɪd, ðɛn ɪt wɑz ˈoʊnli ə ˈmætər əv taɪm ənˈtɪl ˈbeɪsɪk ˈsərvɪsɪz wər ˌɪntərˈəptɪd. mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən æt ðə paʊər plænts wʊd hæv bɪn θroʊn tɪ ðə ˈsilɪŋ, wɪʧ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli kɔz ðə ɪˈlɛktrɪk grɪd tɪ ʃət daʊn, bət wʊd ˌɪmˈpækt ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ kərˈɛkt ˈɛni ˈprɑbləmz. ðət wʊd lɛd tɪ əˈvɛnʧuəl ˈfeɪljər. ðə seɪm wɛnt fər ˈwɔtər ˈprɛʃər ənd ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsərvɪs. waɪl ðə faɪv ˈmɪnət ˈdaʊnˌloʊd əv ˈsɪmpəl ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə wɑz goʊɪŋ, ˈtɑməs bɪˈgæn ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ hɪz tɪ fʊl paʊər ənd ˈmuvɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈlaɪkli ˈlʊkɪŋ bʊks frəm ˈæməˌzɑn, ˈgræbɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət lʊkt laɪk ɪt maɪt bi ˈrɛləvənt. hi riʧt əp tɪ græb hɪz ˈlæpˌtɑp frəm ɪts ənd bɪˈgæn ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ðət ɛz wɛl. wɪn hi hæd ɔl ðə ˈtrænsfərz goʊɪŋ, hi muvd tɪ ðə ˈbæθˌrum ənd tərnd ðə ˈwɔtər ɔn fʊl blæst. ɪf ˈwɔtər ˈprɛʃər wɛnt, ə ˈbæθtəb fʊl əv ˈwɔtər wʊd kip ɪm frəm daɪɪŋ əv ˌdihaɪˈdreɪʃən. wəns ɔl ðət wɑz ˈfɪnɪʃt, ˈtɑməs sæt ɔn ðə ˈsilɪŋ əv hɪz ˈbɛˌdrum ənd θɔt əˈbaʊt ˈhaɪˌrɑrki əv nidz. ˌfɪziəˈlɑʤɪkəl nidz keɪm fərst; ðət mɛnt fud, ˈwɔtər, ɛr, ˈkloʊðɪŋ, ənd ˈʃɛltər. ðə ˈbæθtəb fʊl əv ˈwɔtər wʊd teɪk kɛr əv ˌdihaɪˈdreɪʃən fər ðə taɪm biɪŋ. əˈsumɪŋ ðət hi kʊd gɪt daʊn tɪ ðə fərst flɔr, hi kʊd it ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkɪʧən. hi meɪd ə kwɪk ˈmɛntəl noʊt tɪ it θɪŋz ðət wər ˈfroʊzən ər rɪˈfrɪʤərˌeɪtɪd fərst, ɪn keɪs ðə lɔs əv ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti wɑz ˈɪmənənt. hi wʊd hæv tɪ teɪk ˌɪnvənˈtɔri, bət hi ˈdaʊtɪd ðət hi hæd ɪˈnəf fud fər mɔr ðən tu wiks, ənd ðət wɑz wɪθ ˈræʃənɪŋ ˈfæktərd ɪn. hi hæd ˈʃɛltər ənd ˈkloʊðɪŋ ˈkəvərd ʤɪst faɪn, ðoʊ hɪz ʃərt ənd pænts simd tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðə ˈrɛgjələr lɔz əv ˈgrævɪti, wɪʧ mɛnt ðət ðeɪ wʊd nid səm ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ rɪˈdus əˈnɔɪəns; hɪz ʃərt wɑz ˈrɛstɪŋ ɔn hɪz ˈɑrmˌpɪts ˈrəðər ðən hɪz ˈʃoʊldərz. hid hæv tɪ faɪnd səm səˈspɛndərz ənd ˈgɑrtərz tɪ kip ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ wɛr ɪt wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi. rɪˈdusɪŋ əˈnɔɪəns wɑz haɪ əp ðə ˈhaɪˌrɑrki əv nidz ðoʊ; ˈkəmfərt wʊd hæv tɪ kəm ˈleɪtər. ˈtɑməs bɪˈgæn pərˈpɛrɪŋ tɪ goʊ ˈlutɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ril ˈkɑnʃəs dɪˈsɪʒən; ɪt ˈsɪmpli keɪm tɪ ɪm ɛz ə θɪŋ ðət ˈnidɪd duɪŋ. ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈdaʊnˈstɛrz wɑz ə ˈʧælənʤ, wən ðət ˈmoʊstli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈstændɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsɛkənd flɔr ˈsilɪŋ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ traɪ tɪ faɪnd ə grɪp ɔn ðə fərst flɔr ˈsilɪŋ. ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli ˈteɪkən noʊt əv ðə fækt ðət ðə stɛrz frəm ðə fərst flɔr tɪ ðə ˈsɛkənd flɔr hæd ə haɪ ˈsilɪŋ, bət naʊ ɪt wɑz ɔl tu əˈpɛrənt. ɪf hi plænd tɪ steɪ ɪn hɪz haʊs, ˈtɑməs wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv tɪ pʊt səm ˈəpˈsaɪd daʊn stɛrz ðɛr, sɪˈkjʊrd wɪθ neɪlz, ər æt list meɪk ən ˌɪnˈklaɪn əv səm sɔrt. wəns ɔn ðə fərst flɔr, hi meɪd hɪz weɪ tɪ ðə hɔl ˈklɑzət, wɛr hi faʊnd wən əv ðə θɪŋz nid tɪ meɪk ɪt ɪn ðɪs nu wərld; hɪz ˈklaɪmɪŋ kɪt. hi ənd ˈlɪliən hæd ˈgɔtən ˈɪntu rɑk ˈklaɪmɪŋ təˈgɛðər. ðɛr wɑz ən ˈɪnˌdɔr ʤɪm ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ðət hæd ʧip ˈpraɪsɪz ənd ən ˈsɪstəm ðət ˈrɪli ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈɛni sɔrt əv ˈnɑlɪʤ ɪkˈsɛpt haʊ tɪ wɛr ə ˈhɑrnɪs ənd haʊ tɪ klɪp ɪn ə carabiner*. ðət hæd bɪn ðə ˈgeɪtˌweɪ ðət ˈnidɪd. frəm ðɛr, ɪt tu bɪg ə ʤəmp tɪ baɪɪŋ hɪz oʊn ˈhɑrnɪs ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈrɛntɪŋ wən. ðə ʃuz hæd ˈfɑloʊd sun ˈæftər, ə pɛr ðət hi ənd ˈlɪliən hæd bɔt təˈgɛðər, soʊ ðət ðɛr kɪt mæʧt. bɔt ðə roʊp ənd fər ˈaʊtˌdɔr ˈklaɪmɪŋ, ðoʊ ˈoʊnli dən ðət tu ər θri taɪmz æt ə fju əv ðə ˈloʊkəl spɑts. ɛz wɪθ moʊst ˈhɑbiz, ˈtɑməs hæd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli drɑpt ˈklaɪmɪŋ. kənˈsɪdərd hɪmˈsɛlf ˈfɔrʧənət tɪ hæv kəm əˈweɪ frəm ɪt ˈhævɪŋ ˈoʊnli spɛnt ə fju ˈhənərd ˈdɔlərz. ðɛr hæd bɪn ˈəðər ˈhɑbiz ðət hæd ˈteɪkən ɪm ɪn məʧ mɔr kəmˈplitli, wɪʧ hæd ˈitən ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈdɔlərz ˌbiˈfɔr ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli groʊn bɔrd. ˈlɪliən hæd kɛpt əp wɪθ ˈklaɪmɪŋ ðoʊ; ðət wɑz wən əv ðə θɪŋz ðət hæd ˈdrɪvən ə wɛʤ bɪtˈwin ðɛm. ˈklaɪmɪŋ hæd bɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ dən təˈgɛðər, ə fju aʊərz θri ər fɔr taɪmz ə wik. ˈæftər ˈtɑməs hæd stɑpt, ɪt bɪˈkeɪm ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət kɛpt ðɛm əˈpɑrt fər ə fju aʊərz θri ər fɔr taɪmz ə wik. ɪt tu məʧ əv ə səˈpraɪz wɪn ˈlɪliən sɛd ðət ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp hæd rən ɪts kɔrs, ðoʊ ɪt stɪl hərt. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈrizən ðət hɪz ˈklaɪmɪŋ gɪr wɑz ɪn ə ˈklɑzət ɪn hɪz hoʊm ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ə æt ðə ˈklaɪmɪŋ ʤɪm wɑz ðət ˈlɪliən hæd kɔld ɪm əp tɪ æsk ɪm ˈwɛðər ʃi kʊd juz ɪt. ˈtɑməs hæd sɛd jɛs, bɪˈkəz hi wɔnt tɪ fil laɪk ən æs, bət ðə ˈoʊnli ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər ˈlɪliən ˈbɑroʊɪŋ ə ˈhɑrnɪs wɑz ɪf ʃi wɑz goʊɪŋ ˈklaɪmɪŋ wɪθ ən ˌənɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd mæn hu hæv ɪkˈwɪpmənt əv hɪz oʊn. ˈtɑməs hæd gɔn daʊn tɪ ðə ʤɪm ðə nɛkst deɪ (ˈkɛrfəl tɪ goʊ æt ə taɪm wɪn hi nu ðət ˈlɪliən bi ðɛr) ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ teɪk hɪz ˈklaɪmɪŋ gɪr bæk. ɪf ʃi kɔld ɪm tɪ æsk əˈgɛn, hi kʊd ˈsɪmpli seɪ ðət ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ sɛl ɪt, ər ðət gɔn ˈaʊtˌdɔr ˈklaɪmɪŋ, ər səm ˈəðər ɪkˈskjuz. hæd ə ˈrizənəbli ˈæmɪkəbəl ˈbreɪˌkəp, bət ðət wɑz noʊ ˈrizən tɪ lɛt nu ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ əv hɪz. ðət smɔl, ædˈmɪtɪdli ˈpɛˌti ækt wɑz naʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ pʊt ˈtɑməs ɪn ðə tɔp pərˈsɛnˌtaɪl əv ˈpipəl moʊst ˈlaɪkli tɪ sərˈvaɪv. hi ˈstɑrtɪd baɪ ˈstɛpɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈhɑrnɪs, wɪʧ ˈnidɪd ˈoʊnli ə fju stræps ˈlusənd tɪ ˈkɑmpənˌseɪt fər ðə ðət keɪm wɪθ mənθs əv ə ˈsɛdənˌtɛri ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl. ˈæftər ðət, hi θˈrɛdɪd ðə roʊp θru ənd taɪd ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri nɑts, ðɛn ˈtɛstɪd ðɛm, ˈmoʊstli tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət hi stɪl rɪˈmɛmbərd haʊ tɪ taɪ ðɛm kərˈɛktli. ðə nɛkst kˈwɛʃən wɑz wɛr tɪ faɪnd ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈkaʊntərˌweɪt. ˈtɑməs weɪd 190 paʊndz. hi wʊd nid tɪ faɪnd ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət weɪd ðət məʧ ʤɪst tɪ kip ɪm stək tɪ ðə ərθ. ˈɛniˌθɪŋ lɛs wʊd ʤɪst bi pʊld wɪθ ɪm ɛz hi fɛl ˈɪntu ðə skaɪ, laɪk ə ˈtɛdi bɛr biɪŋ pʊld frəm ə hænd baɪ ə ˈhiliəm bəˈlun. ʤɪst fər ðə seɪk əv ˈseɪfti, ˈtɑməs ˈfɪgjərd ɔn ˈnidɪŋ ən ˈɛkstrə tˈwɛnti paʊnz əv weɪt. hɪz ˈəðər bɪg pərˈæmətər wɑz ˈmuvmənt; ðə ˈnɪrəst pleɪs tɪ stɑk əp ɔn fud wɑz ə gæs ˈsteɪʃən, bət ðət wɑz stɪl θri fʊl blɑks əˈweɪ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ˈgɪtɪŋ ðɛr, ˈtɑməs ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnidɪd tɪ kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈprɑbləm əv traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt bæk. ðɛr wər weɪts ɪn ðə ˈbeɪsmənt, bət ˈoʊnli tu əˈʤəstəbəl ˈdəmˌbɛlz ðət ˈtoʊtəld əp tɪ ə ˈhənərd paʊnz. ðeɪ wər ˈfænsi, bɪˈkəz ju kʊd daɪəl ɪn ˌhaʊˈɛvər məʧ ju ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz wɪθ tɪ wɪˈθɪn faɪv paʊnz. ɪn ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən (wən hi hæd ˈnɛvər kənˈsɪdərd wɪn hi wɑz baɪɪŋ ðə ˈdəmˌbɛlz) ˈtɑməs wʊd hæv bɪn məʧ ˈbɛtər ɔf wɪθ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt weɪts ðət kʊd ɔl bi taɪd təˈgɛðər. ˈæftər ˈlʊkɪŋ əraʊnd hɪz haʊs fər ə bɪt, ˈtɑməs ˈsɛtəld ɔn ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈkɔfi ˈteɪbəl ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə rum ɛz əˈdɪʃənəl weɪt. ɪt wɑz ə juʤ, ˈəgli θɪŋ, bət ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈhənərd paʊnz, wɪʧ sərvd hɪz ˈpərpəs. ˈlɪftɪŋ ðə ˈkɔfi ˈteɪbəl wɑz fɑr ˈiziər ðən ɪkˈspɛktɪd ɪt tɪ bi; ɔl hi hæd tɪ du wɑz riʧ əp, græb ɪt, ənd ðɛn pʊl daʊn ɔn ɪt ˈjuzɪŋ hɪz fʊl weɪt. ɪt fil laɪk ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ æt ɔl; ˌɪnˈstɛd, ɪt fɛlt laɪk ˈhæŋɪŋ daʊn frəm ə bɑr soʊ ðət hi wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈpʊtɪŋ ə smɔl əˈmaʊnt əv weɪt ɔn hɪz fit. hi əˈsɛmbəld ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈbeɪsmənt, wɛr ðə ˈsilɪŋ wɑz məʧ loʊər. ðət weɪ hi kʊd riʧ əp təˈwɔrdz ðə flɔr wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ traɪ fər ˈɛkstrə haɪt. hi juzd ðə ˈkɔfi ˈteɪbəl ənd ðə weɪts təˈgɛðər, ˈræpɪŋ hɪz roʊp əraʊnd ðɛm ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ənd taɪɪŋ ðə nɑts ɛz taɪt ɛz hi kʊd. wɪn hi wɑz ˈfɪnɪʃt, hi pʊld hɪmˈsɛlf əp ənd ˈdæŋgəld frəm ðɪs kənˈtræpʃən, soʊ ðət hɪz fit wər ə fju ˈɪnʧɪz frəm ðə ˈsilɪŋ. hi təgd ɔn ɪt ɪn ə fju ˈdɪfərənt weɪz, ðɛn bɪˈgæn sˈwɪŋɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf frəm saɪd tɪ saɪd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ du ə strɛs tɛst. ɪf ɪt feɪld hir, hi wʊd fɔl ə fʊt ər tu tɪ ðə ˈbeɪsmənt ˈsilɪŋ. ðə wərst ðət wʊd ˈhæpən wʊd bi ðət hi wʊd bruz hɪz tailbone*. ɪf ðə ˈkaʊntərˌweɪt ˈsɪstəm feɪld aʊt ðɛr, hi wʊd fɔl ˈɪntu ðə skaɪ, wɛr hi wʊd daɪ əv haɪˈpɑksiə ənd prɪˈzuməbli bɪˈkəm ə ˈfloʊtɪŋ corpsicle*. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ hɛld, wɪʧ mɛnt ðət ɪt wʊd bi seɪf ɪˈnəf. ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ ˈkipɪŋ ɪm bæk wɑz ðə θɔt ðət pərˈhæps ˈgrævɪti wʊd teɪk əˈnəðər tərn. ˌbiˈfɔr təˈdeɪ, hɪz praɪər ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti fər ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈgrævɪti əv ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə wərld rɪˈvərsɪŋ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn wɑz ɪn ðə ˈθaʊzənθs əv ə ˈθaʊzənθ əv ə pərˈsɛnt, bət ˈæftər ɪt hæd ˈhæpənd wəns, hɪz praɪər ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ðət ɪt wʊd ˈhæpən əˈgɛn ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli hæd tɪ ˌɪnˈkris baɪ ə ˈvɛri lɑrʤ ˈmɑrʤən. ɪf hi nu ðət ˈgrævɪti wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ goʊ bæk tɪ ˈnɔrməl ɪn ðə nɛkst fju deɪz, hi wʊd ˈsərtənli steɪ ɪn hɪz haʊs ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈvɛnʧərɪŋ aʊt; fud ənd ˈwɔtər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ən ˈɪʃu ɪn ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət fˈjuʧər. ɪf hi nu ðət ˈgrævɪti wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ steɪ ɪn ɪts ˈkɑrənt kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ˌɪnˈdɛfənətli, ər æt list ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə nɛkst mənθ, hi wʊd liv ðə haʊs ɛz kˈwɪkli ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈgæðər ɪˈnəf fud tɪ prɪˈvɛnt stɑrˈveɪʃən, ənd aɪˈdili ˈgæðər ˌwəˈtɛvər səˈplaɪz wʊd bi ˈnidɪd tɪ sərˈvaɪv ˈɪntu ðə fˈjuʧər, bɪɔnd ðə əv mənθs. hi kʊd traɪ tɪ splɪt ðə ˈdɪfərəns ənd baɪd hɪz taɪm. ˈivɪn ðoʊ hi hæd noʊ weɪ tɪ geɪʤ ðə ɑdz əv ˈgrævɪti rɪˈtərnɪŋ bæk tɪ ˈnɔrməl, hi nu ðət ɪf ti wɑz ðə taɪm sɪns ðə ʧeɪnʤ, ðɛn ɛz ti ˌɪnˈkrist, ðə ɑdz ðət ˈgrævɪti wʊd ʧeɪnʤ bæk æt ˈdiˌkrist. ˈɛvəri ˈpæsɪŋ ˈmɪnət meɪd ɪm ˈmɑrʤənəli mɔr ˈkɑnfədənt ðət ðɪs wɑz ˈsɪmpli ðə nu ˈɔrdər əv ðə wərld. soʊ ɛz ti ˌɪnˈkrist, ðə ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ðə nəˈsɛsɪti əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɪs ˈpɛrələs ˈʤərni wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkris. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ˈlutɪŋ hæd dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv ædˈvæntɪʤɪz fər ðə ˈpipəl hu muvd fərst. wərs, ˈweɪtɪŋ tu lɔŋ wʊd bɪˈgɪn tɪ ɪgˈzɔst thomas’*’ səˈplaɪz, nɑt ʤɪst ɪn tərmz əv məˈtɪriəl θɪŋz laɪk fud, bət ˈwɪlˌpaʊər ənd ˈmɛntəl əˈkjuəti ɛz wɛl. ɪf hi steɪd æt hoʊm wɪθ nɑt məʧ tɪ du, wɪθ ðə gɪrz ˈtərnɪŋ, wʊd hi stɪl hæv ðə kərɪʤ tɪ ɪmˈbɑrk təˈmɑˌroʊ? hi wɔr ən oʊld ˈbaɪkɪŋ ˈhɛlmət, wɪʧ wʊd ˈhoʊpfəli prəˈtɛkt ɪm ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnt əv ə ˈsədən ˌækˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən təˈwɔrdz ðə graʊnd. ɪn hɪz ˈbækˌpæk, wən hi juzd sɪns ˈkɑlɪʤ, hi pʊt tu ˈlitərz əv ˈwɔtər, ə ˈnəmbər əv snæks laɪk treɪl mɪks ənd ˈproʊˌtin bɑrz, ə fərst eɪd kɪt frəm ðə ˈbæθˌrum, hɪz ˈwɔlət, ənd hɪz ˈlæpˌtɑp, wɪʧ wɑz naʊ fʊl əv ʧɑrʤ ənd ˈloʊdɪd daʊn wɪθ ˈɛvəri ˈrisɔrs θɔt tɪ kræm ɪt wɪθ. ˈbækˌpæks wər ənˈfɔrʧənətli dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ bi əˈsɪstɪd baɪ ˈgrævɪti; ðɛr stræps ˈrɛstɪd ðə weɪt ɔn ðə ˈʃoʊldərz. hi hæd tɪ juz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ɪt tɪ hɪz ˈklaɪmɪŋ ˈhɑrnɪs, bət ðət pʊt ðə weɪt raɪt ɔn hɪz lɛgz, wɪʧ wər ɔˈrɛdi ˈkɛriɪŋ ðə weɪt əv hɪz ˈbɑdi ɪn ə weɪ ðət ðə ˈjumən ˈsɪstəm dɪˈzaɪnd fər. ðə læst θɪŋ hi græbd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsɛtɪŋ aʊt wər tu ˈflæʃˌlaɪts, ɪn keɪs ɪt hæd groʊn dɑrk baɪ ðə taɪm hi rɪˈtərnd. hɪz kæt wɔʧt ðiz ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃənz wɪθ ˈaɪdəl ˌkjʊriˈɑsəti. thomas’*’ ˈɪnər ɪr hæd ˈfaɪnəli stɑpt ˈfaɪtɪŋ wɪθ hɪz ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈkɔrtɛks. ɪn ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ, ðə ˈɪnər ɪr hæd bɪn seɪɪŋ ðət hi wɑz raɪt saɪd əp wɪn hɪz fit wər ɔn ðə ˈsilɪŋ bət hɪz ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈkɔrtɛks hæd bɪn seɪɪŋ ðət hi wɑz ˈəpˈsaɪd daʊn, ˈlaɪkli beɪst ɔn ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʤɪst ðət dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən. ɪt wɑz ˈmaɪldli dɪˈsɔriˌɛntɪŋ, bət ˈnəθɪŋ ðət hi bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈhændəl. naʊ ðoʊ, ðə ˈɪnər ɪr wɪʧ wɑz məʧ mɔr ˌɪnˈsɪstənt hæd wən aʊt. ðə ˈhaʊsɪz ənd triz wər ɔn ðə rʊf əv ən ɪˈnɔrmɪs keɪv soʊ tɔl ðət ðə ˈbɑtəm wɑz ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl. wɪθ ə dip brɛθ ənd nɑt tu məʧ mɔr taɪm fər ˈsɛkənd ˈgɛsɪŋ, ˈtɑməs sɛt aʊt təˈwɔrd ðə gərɑʒ. ˈmuvmənt wɑz ə ˈmætər əv ˈlɪftɪŋ əp wən əv ðə ənd sˈwɪŋɪŋ ɪt ˈfɔrwərd, ðɛn sˈwɪŋɪŋ ðə ˈəðər wən ˈfɔrwərd, ðɛn ˈriʧɪŋ əp tɪ græb ðə ˈkɔfi ˈteɪbəl ənd ˈɔkwərdli ˈrɑkɪŋ ɪt. ɪt wɑz sloʊ, bət simd seɪf ɪˈnəf. ˈæftər ə fju ˈsaɪkəlz əv ðɪs, ˈtɑməs wɑz aʊt əv ðə haʊs ənd ˈdæŋgəlɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈoʊpən ɛr. ðɛr wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ kæʧ ɪm ɪf hɪz ˈkaʊntərˌweɪts ər roʊps feɪld. ˈæftər dəˈbeɪtɪŋ ɪt fər ə fju ˈmoʊmənts, hi lɛft ðə dɔr ˈpɑrtli ˈoʊpən soʊ ðət kʊd ɪˈskeɪp. ðɛr wɑz noʊ sɛns ˈdumɪŋ ðə kæt tɪ dɛθ baɪ stɑrˈveɪʃən ɪf ˈtɑməs fɛl ˈɪntu ðə skaɪ. ðə trɪp tɪ ðə gərɑʒ tʊk ˈfɪfˈtin ˈmɪnəts əv ˈɔkwərd ˈmuvmənt, wɛr ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt hæd ˈteɪkən ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈsɛkəndz. ɛkˈstræpəˌleɪtɪŋ frəm ðət ənd əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ɪˈfɪʃənsi ɛz hi gɑt ˈbɛtər æt ɪt, ˈtɑməs stɪl wʊd hæv ˈteɪkən hæf ə deɪ tɪ gɪt tɪ ðə gæs ˈsteɪʃən, wɪʧ wɑz ðə ˈnɪrəst pɔɪnt wɛr ðɛr wɑz fud tɪ bi faʊnd ɪn kˈwɑntəti. ɪt wɑz bæd ɪˈnəf wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈtɛrər əv ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə skaɪ ənd siɪŋ ə kwɪk dɛθ baɪ əˈblɪviən ðɛr. ˈfɔrʧənətli, hi hæd ə kɑr. ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə kɑr wɑz ən ɔrˈdil. ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə kɑr dɔr wɑz ˈizi ɪˈnəf frəm hɪz ˈdæŋgəlɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən, ɛz wɑz ˈlɪftɪŋ ðə weɪts ɪn, bət ðə ˈkɔfi ˈteɪbəl pruvd ənˈwildi. wɪˈθaʊt ɪt, ˈtɑməs wʊd hæv noʊ weɪ tɪ gɪt aʊt əv ðə kɑr wɪˈθaʊt ˈrɪskɪŋ dɛθ baɪ ˈfɑlɪŋ. hi ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli kræmd ɪt ˈɪntu ðə bækˈsit wɪθ səm ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti baɪ ˈmuvɪŋ hɪz weɪt əraʊnd, bət ðə roʊps mɛnt ðət hi bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈfʊli kloʊz hɪz dɔrz. hi gɑt ɪn ðə sit baɪ ˈflɪpɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf əraʊnd, ˈpʊʃɪŋ hɪz hænz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈsilɪŋ əv ðə kɑr, ənd ðɛn ˈheɪstəli ˈbəklɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn. ðə ˈævərɪʤ sit bɛlt ˈrɪli dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ kip ˈsəmˌwən frəm ˈfloʊtɪŋ əp, bət ɪt wɑz ˈbɛtər ðən ˈnəθɪŋ. hi klɪpt hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ hɪz sit bɛlt ɛz wɛl, soʊ ðət ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnt əv ə kræʃ hi wʊd hæv səm rɪˈdəndənt ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz ˈkipɪŋ ɪm stək tɪ ðə ərθ. ˈdraɪvɪŋ wɑz ə sloʊ, ˈpeɪnfəl ˈprɔˌsɛs. ɪn fækt, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə haʊs simd tɪ kənˈsɪst əv ˈɔkwərd ənd ˈtidiəs ˈprɑsɛsəz. ðə kɑr ˈfəŋkʃənd ðə seɪm ɛz ɪt ˈɛvər hæd, bət ðə ˈpɛdəlz ðət kənˈtroʊld ðə gæs ənd breɪk wər ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ riʧ bɪˈkəz hi hæd tɪ wərk əˈgɛnst ˈgrævɪti. bləd wɑz ˈpulɪŋ ɪn thomas’*’ breɪn frəm ˈɔlˌmoʊst ðə ˈmoʊmənt hi hæd tərnd hɪmˈsɛlf ˈəpˈsaɪd daʊn, soʊ ˈæftər hi wɑz aʊt əv ðə ˈdraɪvˌweɪ, hi hæd tɪ tərn ðə kɑr ɔf, tərn hɪmˈsɛlf əraʊnd soʊ hi wɑz ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsilɪŋ əv ðə kɑr, ənd weɪt tɪ rɪˈgeɪn səm ˈsɛmbləns əv ˈprɑpər bləd floʊ. ðɪs ˈmoʊstli kənˈfərmd hɪz ˌɪˈnɪʃəl θɔt ðət ˈɛvriˌwən hu hæd bɪn ɪn ə kɑr ər trək wɪn ðə ʧeɪnʤ ˈhæpənd wɑz nɑt lɔŋ fər ðə wərld. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðət rɛst, ˈtɑməs bɪˈgæn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm. ˈstɑkɪŋ əp æt ðə gæs ˈsteɪʃən wʊd min ðət hi kʊd sərˈvaɪv fər ə ˈmætər əv mənθs. hi wʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɛt aʊt reɪn ˈbɛrəlz, wɪʧ wʊd teɪk kɛr əv ˈwɔtər ˈizəli ɪˈnəf baɪ ðə taɪm hɪz ˈbæθtəb kæˈʃeɪ hæd gɔn draɪ. ɪt wɑz ˈərli sɛpˈtɛmbər, wɪʧ mɛnt ðət ˈwɪntər wʊd nid səm ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt. hɪz haʊs wɑz ˈɪnsəˌleɪtɪd, bət hi hæd tɪ əˈsum ðət ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti wʊd bi ə θɪŋ əv ðə pæst wɪn hi wʊd nid tɪ hit ðə haʊs. ðət mɛnt hi wʊd ˈiðər nid tɪ muv tɪ ə ˈwɔrmər ˈklaɪmɪt, wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈprɑbləmz ðət ˈdraɪvɪŋ ðɛr wʊd ˌɪnˈvɑlv, ər faɪnd ə weɪ tɪ meɪk ə faɪər ˈɛvəri deɪ ɪn ə haʊs ðət hæv ə ˈfaɪərˌpleɪs. ˈtɑməs wɑz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ laɪk ə ˈskævənʤər, bət ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ðɛr wʊd bi ˈnəθɪŋ lɛft tɪ ˈskævənʤ. hi wʊd hæv tɪ lərn haʊ tɪ fɑrm, bət wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈædɪd ˈɛfərt əv ˈklɪpɪŋ weɪts tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf. hi wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ hæv tɪ ˈskævənʤ ˈwɛpənz frəm ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ hənt. bət bɪɔnd ðoʊz kənˈsərnz, wɑz ðɛr ə laɪf wərθ ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðɪs nu wərld? ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈɛstəˌmeɪt sɛd ðət ˈmeɪbi 20 əv ðə ˈpipəl ɪn hɪz ˈsɪti wər naʊ dɛd. mɔr wʊd daɪ frəm wundz ðeɪ hæd səˈsteɪnd ɪn ðoʊz brif, ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd fɔlz ðət hæd mɑrkt ðə ʧeɪnʤ. haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hæd ˈbroʊkən boʊnz wɪθ noʊ hoʊp əv ˈimərʤənsi ˈsərvɪsɪz ər ˈdɑktərz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ hɛlp? stɑrˈveɪʃən (ənd ðə ˌdɛspərˈeɪʃɪn ðət keɪm wɪθ ɪt) wʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli kleɪm mɔr lɪvz. ˈɛvriˌwən ðət sərˈvaɪvd wʊd bi rɪˈdust tɪ səbˈsɪstəns ˈfɑrmɪŋ. jɛt ˈivɪn wɪθ ðiz θɔts, ˈtɑməs kənˈtɪnjud ɔn. ɪf ðɛr wɑz noʊ laɪf wərθ ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ θɪŋz ðə weɪ ðeɪ wər, ˈsuɪˌsaɪd wɑz ɛz ˈizi ɛz hɪz ˈhɑrnɪs, bət ðɛr wɑz noʊ weɪ tɪ ʧɑrt aʊt ðə kɔrs əv ðə fˈjuʧər wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən hi hæd əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ɪm. wɪn hi pʊld əp tɪ ðə gæs ˈsteɪʃən, hi wɑz səˈpraɪzd tɪ si ˈpipəl ˌɪnˈsaɪd. hi məˈnuvərd ðə kɑr ɛz kloʊz tɪ ðə frənt dɔr ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, ðɛn ˈoʊpənd hɪz kɑr dɔr. ən ˈoʊldər mæn, hu wɑz ˈstændɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsilɪŋ əv ðə gæs ˈsteɪʃən nɛkst tɪ ə ræk əv ˈpoʊˌskɑrdz, ˈoʊpənd ðə dɔr. ən idiot?”*?” hi æst. me?”*?” æst ˈtɑməs. ɪn ðə hɛl ər ju aʊt driving?”*?” æst ðə mæn. hi rəbd hɪz hɛd. sin tu ˈmɛni fɔl ˈɪntu ðə skaɪ. ˈɪnˌdɔrz ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli pleɪs safe.”*.” ˈnidɪd supplies,”*,” sɛd ˈtɑməs. hi ʃʊr waɪ hi hæd θɔt ðɛr bi ˈpipəl ɪn ðə gæs ˈsteɪʃən. ɪn hɪz hɛd, mæʧt wət wɑz ˈhæpənɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈpætərnz ðət ðə ˈmuviz ˈɔlˌweɪz pərˈzɛnəd əv apocalypses*. ˈmeɪbi ðət wɑz bɪˈkəz sin ðə ˈvɪdioʊ əv ɔl ðoʊz ˈpipəl ˈfɑlɪŋ tɪ ðɛr dɛθs; ɪt wɑz ˈizi tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən wət hæd ˈhæpənd ɛz biɪŋ ðə ˈræpʧər. θɔt ðət ɪf hi wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ rən ˈɪntu ˈɛniˌwən, ɪt wʊd bi əˈnəðər ˈlutər. jɛt naʊ ðət hi θɔt əˈbaʊt ɪt fər faɪv ˈsɛkəndz, əv kɔrs ɪt meɪd sɛns. ə gæs ˈsteɪʃən ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz hæd æt list wən ˈpərsən ɪn ɪt. wɪn ðə flɪp ˈhæpənd, ðeɪ wʊd hæv ˈɛndɪd əp ɔn ðə ˈsilɪŋ. ɪn ə ˈzɑmbi əˈpɑkəˌlɪps, ðə gæs ˈsteɪʃənz ˈɛndɪd əp əˈbændənd, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈwərkərz ˈrɪli hæv ə ˈrizən tɪ bi ðɛr. bət hir, ðeɪ hæv hæd ˈɛni əˈbɪləˌti tɪ liv. ““supplies?”*?” æst ðə mæn. hi rəbd hɪz hɛd əˈgɛn. ““well*, kəm ɔn ɪn, aɪ gɛs. haʊ ɪz ɪt aʊt there?”*?” kəm tu far,”*,” sɛd ˈtɑməs. θri blocks.”*.” ə ˈwʊmən wɑz ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsilɪŋ wɪθ ə foʊn ɪn hər læp. ʃi wɔr ə ˈtiˌsərt wɪθ ðə ˈloʊkəl neɪm ɛmˈbleɪzənd ɔn ðə frənt. ðə ˈoʊldər mæn wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ ə ʃərt wɪθ hɪz neɪm ɔn ə pæʧ. ˈtɑməs ˈmɛnəli ˈleɪbəld ðɛm ˈkəstəmər ənd əˈtɛndənt. ðɛr wər tu kɑz aʊt baɪ ðə pəmps ðoʊ, wɪʧ mɛnt ðɛr wɑz ən ˈɛkstrə ˈpərsən nɑt əˈkaʊntɪd fər. hir tɪ lut us?”*?” æst ðə ˈwʊmən. kən pay,”*,” sɛd ˈtɑməs. hi wɑz əˈbaʊt tɪ ənˈzɪp hɪz ˈbækˌpæk wɪn hi ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ɪt wʊd bi dɪsˈgɔrʤ ɪts ˈkɑntɛnts ˈɔntu ðə flɔr ɪf hi dɪd ðət. kən pay,”*,” hi rɪˈpitɪd ˈleɪmli. moʊst əv hɪz ˈməni wɑz ɪn ðə fɔrm əv ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrdz, nɑt kæʃ. boʊθ wər naʊ əv ˈdubiəs wərθ. bleɪm ju fər looting,”*,” sɛd ðə ˈwʊmən. wət aɪ wʊd hæv dən, ɪf aɪ θɔt aɪ kʊd meɪk ɪt tɪ maɪ car.”*.” ʃi ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ə ˈsɪlvər toʊˈjoʊtə nɛkst tɪ wən əv ðə pəmps. wən ɪz ˈlutɪŋ anything,”*,” sɛd ðə əˈtɛndənt. noʊ ðət aɪ kən lɛt ju ʤɪst baɪ θɪŋz though.”*.” hi fraʊnd ɪn θɔt. kən hæv ˌwəˈtɛvər ju want,”*,” sɛd ðə ˈwʊmən, lɔŋ ɛz ju hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs gɪt aʊt əv here.”*.” hoʊld ɔn ʤɪst ə minute,”*,” sɛd ðə mæn. hi tərnd tɪ ðə ˈwʊmən. hæv ˈɛni kleɪm ɔn ɪn ðɪs store.”*.” ðə plæn then?”*?” æst ðə ˈwʊmən. wər stək hir ənˈtɪl hi ʃoʊd əp. ɑr ˈɔpʃənz ˌɪnˈkludɪd traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu wən əv ðə kɑz ər steɪɪŋ hir ənˈtɪl ðə paʊər wɛnt aʊt ənd wi ræn aʊt əv fud. ju wər ˈplænɪŋ ɔn ˈsplɪtɪŋ fud wɪθ mi, right?”*?” suppose,”*,” ðə mæn sɛd sˈloʊli. ““well*, ɪf ju teɪk ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ðə fækt ðət aɪ wʊd bi ˈitɪŋ hæf ðə fud ɪn ðɪs pleɪs, ðɛn ɪf ðɪs gaɪ livz wɪθ mi, ɪt simz laɪk hi ʃʊd bi ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ səm əˈmaʊnt əv ðə fud ɛz ə reward.”*.” thomas,”*,” sɛd ˈtɑməs. ““juliette,”*,” sɛd ðə ˈwʊmən. ʃi hɛld aʊt hər hænd, wɪʧ ˈtɑməs ʃʊk. ““randall,”*,” sɛd ðə əˈtɛndənt wɪθ ə nɑd. aɪ səˈpoʊz aɪ wʊd splɪt səm fud, ɪf ɪt keɪm tɪ ðət, bət ˈmeɪbi ðɪs hoʊl θɪŋ wərks ˌɪtˈsɛlf aʊt. ˈmeɪbi aɪ kən ɪkˈspleɪn tɪ maɪ bɔs ðət aɪ lɛt ju stɑrv, bət ə hoʊl hip ˈdɪfərənt ðən ˈlɛtɪŋ ju teɪk ɔf wɪθ hæf ðə food.”*.” ʤɪst bi food,”*,” sɛd ʤuliˈɛt. nid ˈbætəriz, roʊp, ˈflæʃˌlaɪts, aɪ sɔ səm ˈpæʧɪŋ kɪts ˈoʊvər ðɛr, tulz wi kən juz, θɪŋz laɪk that.”*.” ““no,”*,” sɛd ˈrændəl. hi ʃʊk hɪz hɛd. tu məʧ. θɪŋz ju nid tɪ sərˈvaɪv, wən θɪŋ, bət ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə lɔŋ tərm. ju juz ðiz ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ ˈhəŋkər daʊn ɔn jʊr own.”*.” nɑt ˈhəŋkərɪŋ down,”*,” sɛd ʤuliˈɛt. goʊɪŋ tɪ lɔnʧ ə ˈrɛskju mission.”*.” what?”*?” æst ˈtɑməs. ˈrɛskju mission,”*,” rɪˈplaɪd ʤuliˈɛt. ʃi tərnd tɪ lʊk æt ɪm. ˈpipəl ər træpt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɛr ˈhaʊsɪz ər ˈpleɪsɪz əv ˈbɪznɪs. ˈɛvriˌwən hu sərˈvaɪvd ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl fɔl ˈɪntu ðə skaɪ ɪz seɪf, soʊ lɔŋ ɛz ðeɪ steɪ ɪn wən pleɪs. bət ɪn ðə lɔŋ tərm, goʊɪŋ tɪ nid tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər ɪf wi wɔnt tɪ pʊl θru ðɪs. raɪt naʊ, aɪ θɪŋk ɑr fərst praɪˈɔrəti ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi mobility.”*.” ʃi ˈpɔɪntɪd æt ðə roʊps ənd ˈhɑrnɪs ðət ˈtɑməs wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ. əˈsum ju noʊ wɛr wi kən faɪnd mɔr əv those?”*?” ə ˈklaɪmɪŋ ʤɪm downtown,”*,” sɛd ˈtɑməs. hi fɛlt sˈlaɪtli deɪzd. ðoʊ ˈniðər əv ðɛm hæd ˈmɛnʃənd ɪt, hɪz hɛd wɑz stɪl ˈstɪki wɪθ bləd wɛr hɪt ɪt ɔn hɪz ˈsilɪŋ. goʊ ðɛr first,”*,” sɛd ʤuliˈɛt. ““wait*, ə ʤɪm ə blɑk frəm hir, ˈmeɪbi stɑp ðɛr fərst ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ gɪt səm weɪts. gɑt tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt ə ˈfulˌpruf ˈmɛθəd əv ˈmuvɪŋ əraʊnd ənd weɪts ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi pɑrt əv that.”*.” əˈgri tɪ anything,”*,” sɛd ˈtɑməs. hæv səm ˌrudəˈmɛntəri ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv rɑk climbing,”*,” sɛd ʤuliˈɛt. nid ju. ənd wət ər ɑr ˈəðər ˈɔpʃənz hir? græb ɛz məʧ fud fər ɑrˈsɛlvz ɛz wi kən, haɪd aʊt ənˈtɪl ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən ˈkrəmbəlz, ðɛn stɑrv tɪ dɛθ ər bi rɪˈdust tɪ hunter-gatherers*? crap.”*.” ˈtɑməs ˈweɪvərd. θɪŋk tu ˈpipəl kən kip ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən together.”*.” kɔrs not,”*,” sɛd ʤuliˈɛt. ɪz ə ˈprɔˌsɛs, wən ðət teɪk mɔr ðən ə ˈhændˌfʊl. bət ðə fərst stɛp ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ moʊˈbɪlɪti, nɑt ʤɪst fər ˈjuˈɛs, bət fər ə smɔl kɔr əv ˈpipəl. wi nid tɪ du ɪt waɪl ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ˈnɛtˌwərks ər stɪl əp ənd ˈrənɪŋ. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, wi nid tɪ bɪld kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ˈnɛtˌwərks ðət kən sərˈvaɪv ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ər ˈivɪn lɔs əv paʊər. ˈreɪdiˌoʊz, ɪf wi kən faɪnd ðɛm. walkie-talkies*, ˈmeɪbi. ɪf hæd maɪ ˈlæpˌtɑp, bi ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ɛz məʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, sərˈvaɪvəl ˈmænjuəlz ənd skɪˈmætɪks fər haʊ tɪ bɪld θɪŋz bæk əp ɪf ɪt kəmz tɪ ðət bət ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛni əv ðət, aɪ nid tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ə weɪ aʊt əv ðɪs gæs ˈsteɪʃən. haʊ əˈbaʊt it?”*?” ˈtɑməs pɔzd. ʤɪst θroʊn hɪz plænz ˈɪntu ˌdɪsəˈreɪ. ˈdrɪvən ə sɛns əv hoʊp ˈɪntu ɪm laɪk ə stɪk stək ˈɪntu ðə wil əv ə ˈmuvɪŋ ˈbaɪsɪkəl. ““okay,”*,” hi sɛd. gɪv ɪt ə shot.”*.”

by ralph nader the editor of the hill, a newspaper exclusively covering congress, said that congress was not going to do very much in 2012, except for “the big bill” which is extending the payroll tax cut and unemployment compensation, which expire in late february. that two month extension will likely reignite the fight between democrats and republicans that flared last month. in 2012, congress, the editor implied, would be busy electioneering. that is, the senators and representatives will be busy raising money from commercial interests so they can keep their jobs. there be much time to change anything about misallocated public budgets, unfair tax rules, undeclared costly wars, and trade policies that, if fixed, would increase employment and public investment. so this year, congress will spend well over $3 billion on its own expenses to do nothing of significance other than shift more debt to individual taxpayers by depleting the social security payroll tax by over $100 billion so both parties can say they enacted a tax cut! that is what the democrats in congress and the president call a significant accomplishment. will someone call a psychiatrist? this is a congress that is beyond dysfunctional. it is an obstacle to progress in america, a graveyard for both democracy and justice. no wonder a new washington news poll found an all time high of 84 percent of americans disapprove of the job congress is doing. both republicans and democrats say they want to reduce the deficit. but they are avoiding, in varying degrees, doing this in any way that would discomfort the rich and powerful. one would think that, especially in an election year, the following legislative agenda would be very popular with the voters. first, restore the taxes on the rich that george w. bush cut ten years ago which expanded the deficit. so clueless are the democrats that they have not learned to use the word “restore” instead of the republican word “increase” when talking about taxes that were previously cut for the millionaires and billionaires. second, collect unpaid taxes. the irs estimates that $385 billion of tax revenues are not collected yearly. if the irs budget increased and more people were hired, every dollar it spent would return $200 from tax evaders, including corporations and the wealthy. when taxes are not collected, the large majority of honest taxpayers are left with the unfair consequences. imagine that money being applied to jobs that repair our crumbling public works. third, end the outrageous corporate loopholes that allow profitable large corporations to pay just half of the statutory tax rate of thirty-five percent. more than a few pay less than five percent and many pay zero on major profits. during a recent three year period, according to the citizens for tax justice, a dozen major corporations such as verizon and honeywell paid no taxes on many billions of profits, and the legendary tax escapee, general electric, managed to pay zero and even receive billions in benefits from the u.s. treasury. fourth, do what most u.s. soldiers in the field have believed should have been done years out of afghanistan and iraq and nearby countries like kuwait where thousands of u.s. soldiers based in iraq have moved. fifth, to increase consumer demand, which creates jobs, raise the federal minimum wage from the present level of $7.25–which is $2.75 less than it was way back in 1968, adjusted for $10 per hour. businesses who keep raising prices and executive salaries (eg. walmart and mcdonalds) since 1968 should be reminded of their windfall in that period. in addition, president obama can urge mutual and pension funds and individual shareholders to demand higher dividends from companies like emc, google, apple, cisco, oracle and others firms hoarding two trillion dollars in cash as if this money was the corporate bosses’, not the owner-shareholders. more dividends, more consumer demand, more jobs. want to know why congress make such popular and prudent decisions for the american people? because the people are not objecting to all the power that their congressional representatives and their corporate allies have sucked away from them. because the people are not putting teeth and time into the “sovereignty of the people” expressed in the preamble to our constitution which begins with “we the people,” not “we the corporation.” so citizens, your choice. if you demand a say day after day, continue to pay day after day. by the way, the congressional switchboard number is.

baɪ rælf ˈneɪdər ðə ˈɛdɪtər əv ðə hɪl, ə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ɪkˈsklusɪvli ˈkəvərɪŋ ˈkɑŋgrəs, sɛd ðət ˈkɑŋgrəs wɑz nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ du ˈvɛri məʧ ɪn 2012 ɪkˈsɛpt fər bɪg bill”*” wɪʧ ɪz ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ ðə ˈpeɪˌroʊl tæks kət ənd ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən, wɪʧ ɪkˈspaɪr ɪn leɪt ˈfɛbruˌɛri. ðət tu mənθ ɪkˈstɛnʃən wɪl ˈlaɪkli ˌriɪgˈnaɪt ðə faɪt bɪtˈwin ˈdɛməˌkræts ənd rɪˈpəblɪkənz ðət flɛrd læst mənθ. ɪn 2012 ˈkɑŋgrəs, ðə ˈɛdɪtər ˌɪmˈplaɪd, wʊd bi ˈbɪzi ɪˌlɛkʃəˈnɪrɪŋ. ðət ɪz, ðə ˈsɛnətərz ənd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz wɪl bi ˈbɪzi ˈreɪzɪŋ ˈməni frəm kəˈmərʃəl ˈɪntərɪsts soʊ ðeɪ kən kip ðɛr ʤɑbz. ðɛr bi məʧ taɪm tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt mɪˈsæləˌkeɪtɪd ˈpəblɪk ˈbəʤɪts, ˌɔnˈfɛr tæks rulz, əndɪˈklɛrd ˈkɔstli wɔrz, ənd treɪd ˈpɑləsiz ðət, ɪf fɪkst, wʊd ˌɪnˈkris ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ənd ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt. soʊ ðɪs jɪr, ˈkɑŋgrəs wɪl spɛnd wɛl ˈoʊvər 3 ˈbɪljən ɔn ɪts oʊn ɪkˈspɛnsɪz tɪ du ˈnəθɪŋ əv sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns ˈəðər ðən ʃɪft mɔr dɛt tɪ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈtækˌspeɪərz baɪ dɪˈplitɪŋ ðə ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈpeɪˌroʊl tæks baɪ ˈoʊvər 100 ˈbɪljən soʊ boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz kən seɪ ðeɪ ɛˈnæktəd ə tæks kət! ðət ɪz wət ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs ənd ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt kɔl ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈkɑmplɪʃmənt. wɪl ˈsəmˌwən kɔl ə səˈkaɪətrəst? ðɪs ɪz ə ˈkɑŋgrəs ðət ɪz bɪɔnd dɪsˈfəŋkʃənəl. ɪt ɪz ən ˈɑbstəkəl tɪ ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə, ə ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd fər boʊθ dɪˈmɑkrəsi ənd ˈʤəstɪs. noʊ ˈwəndər ə nu ˈwɔʃɪŋtən nuz poʊl faʊnd ən ɔl taɪm haɪ əv 84 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˌdɪsəˈpruv əv ðə ʤɑb ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪz duɪŋ. boʊθ rɪˈpəblɪkənz ənd ˈdɛməˌkræts seɪ ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ rɪˈdus ðə ˈdɛfəsət. bət ðeɪ ər əˈvɔɪdɪŋ, ɪn ˈvɛriɪŋ dɪˈgriz, duɪŋ ðɪs ɪn ˈɛni weɪ ðət wʊd dɪˈskəmfərt ðə rɪʧ ənd ˈpaʊərfəl. wən wʊd θɪŋk ðət, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ən ɪˈlɛkʃən jɪr, ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv əˈʤɛndə wʊd bi ˈvɛri ˈpɑpjələr wɪθ ðə ˈvoʊtərz. fərst, rɪˈstɔr ðə ˈtæksɪz ɔn ðə rɪʧ ðət ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ kət tɛn jɪrz əˈgoʊ wɪʧ ɪkˈspændɪd ðə ˈdɛfəsət. soʊ ˈkluləs ər ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ðət ðeɪ hæv nɑt ˈlərnɪd tɪ juz ðə wərd ““restore”*” ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən wərd ““increase”*” wɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈtæksɪz ðət wər ˈpriviəsli kət fər ðə ˌmɪljəˈnɛrz ənd ˌbɪljəˈnɛrz. ˈsɛkənd, kəˈlɛkt ənˈpeɪd ˈtæksɪz. ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət 385 ˈbɪljən əv tæks ˈrɛvəˌnuz ər nɑt kəˈlɛktəd ˈjɪrli. ɪf ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs ˈbəʤɪt ˌɪnˈkrist ənd mɔr ˈpipəl wər haɪərd, ˈɛvəri ˈdɔlər ɪt spɛnt wʊd rɪˈtərn 200 frəm tæks ɪˈveɪdərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz ənd ðə ˈwɛlθi. wɪn ˈtæksɪz ər nɑt kəˈlɛktəd, ðə lɑrʤ məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈɑnəst ˈtækˌspeɪərz ər lɛft wɪθ ðə ˌɔnˈfɛr ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. ˌɪˈmæʤən ðət ˈməni biɪŋ əˈplaɪd tɪ ʤɑbz ðət rɪˈpɛr ɑr ˈkrəmbəlɪŋ ˈpəblɪk wərks. θərd, ɛnd ðə aʊˈtreɪʤəs ˈkɔrpərət ˈluˌphoʊlz ðət əˈlaʊ ˈprɑfətəbəl lɑrʤ ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz tɪ peɪ ʤɪst hæf əv ðə ˈstæʧəˌtɔri tæks reɪt əv ˈθərdiˌfaɪv pərˈsɛnt. mɔr ðən ə fju peɪ lɛs ðən faɪv pərˈsɛnt ənd ˈmɛni peɪ ˈziroʊ ɔn ˈmeɪʤər ˈprɑfɪts. ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈrisənt θri jɪr ˈpɪriəd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsɪtɪzənz fər tæks ˈʤəstɪs, ə ˈdəzən ˈmeɪʤər ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz səʧ ɛz ˌvɛˈraɪzən ənd ˈhəniˌwɛl peɪd noʊ ˈtæksɪz ɔn ˈmɛni ˈbɪljənz əv ˈprɑfɪts, ənd ðə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri tæks ɪˌskeɪˈpi, ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛktrɪk, ˈmænɪʤd tɪ peɪ ˈziroʊ ənd ˈivɪn rɪˈsiv ˈbɪljənz ɪn ˈbɛnəfɪts frəm ðə juz. ˈtrɛʒəri. fɔrθ, du wət moʊst juz. ˈsoʊlʤərz ɪn ðə fild hæv bɪˈlivd ʃʊd hæv bɪn dən jɪrz aʊt əv æfˈgænəˌstæn ənd ˌɪˈrɑk ənd ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈkəntriz laɪk kuˈweɪt wɛr ˈθaʊzənz əv juz. ˈsoʊlʤərz beɪst ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk hæv muvd. fɪθ, tɪ ˌɪnˈkris kənˈsumər dɪˈmænd, wɪʧ kriˈeɪts ʤɑbz, reɪz ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ frəm ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈlɛvəl əv ɪz lɛs ðən ɪt wɑz weɪ bæk ɪn 1968 əˈʤəstɪd fər 10 pər aʊər. ˈbɪznɪsɪz hu kip ˈreɪzɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz ənd ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈsæləriz (eg*. ˈwɔlˌmɑrt ənd məkˈdɑnəldz) sɪns 1968 ʃʊd bi riˈmaɪndɪd əv ðɛr ˈwɪndˌfɔl ɪn ðət ˈpɪriəd. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə kən ərʤ mˈjuʧuəl ənd ˈpɛnʃən fəndz ənd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈʃɛˌrhoʊldərz tɪ dɪˈmænd haɪər ˈdɪvɪˌdɛndz frəm ˈkəmpəˌniz laɪk emc*, ˈgugəl, ˈæpəl, ˈsɪˌskoʊ, ˈɔrəkəl ənd ˈəðərz fərmz ˈhɔrdɪŋ tu ˈtrɪljən ˈdɔlərz ɪn kæʃ ɛz ɪf ðɪs ˈməni wɑz ðə ˈkɔrpərət bosses’*’, nɑt ðə owner-shareholders*. mɔr ˈdɪvɪˌdɛndz, mɔr kənˈsumər dɪˈmænd, mɔr ʤɑbz. wɔnt tɪ noʊ waɪ ˈkɑŋgrəs meɪk səʧ ˈpɑpjələr ənd ˈprudənt dɪˈsɪʒənz fər ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl? bɪˈkəz ðə ˈpipəl ər nɑt əˈbʤɛktɪŋ tɪ ɔl ðə paʊər ðət ðɛr kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ənd ðɛr ˈkɔrpərət ˈælaɪz hæv səkt əˈweɪ frəm ðɛm. bɪˈkəz ðə ˈpipəl ər nɑt ˈpʊtɪŋ tiθ ənd taɪm ˈɪntu ðə əv ðə people”*” ɪkˈsprɛst ɪn ðə priˈæmbəl tɪ ɑr ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən wɪʧ bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ðə people,”*,” nɑt ðə corporation.”*.” soʊ ˈsɪtɪzənz, jʊr ʧɔɪs. ɪf ju dɪˈmænd ə seɪ deɪ ˈæftər deɪ, kənˈtɪnju tɪ peɪ deɪ ˈæftər deɪ. baɪ ðə weɪ, ðə kənˈgrɛʃənəl sˈwɪʧˌbɔrd ˈnəmbər ɪz

washington, d.c. former first daughter chelsea clinton believes health, child marriage, and climate change are “interconnected.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svwdgz23ino “just listening to the concerns around education and climate change, health, child marriage, access to technology, all of those are of course interconnected,” clinton said while participating on a panel at the care national conference in washington, d.c. on wednesday. she added, “we have to focus on each of them in their interconnectedness, as well as individual outrages that do demand our attention.” the event was broadcast live on c-span. the event host introduced clinton as an “activist, thought leader, and change agent.” clinton did not elaborate or explain why she believes climate change and child marriage are “interconnected.” child marriage has existed for thousands of years. clinton appeared on the panel with fellow former first daughter barbara bush. also on the panel was global fund for women president and ceo and founder and of al-khatahtbeh. in march, bush delivered the keynote address at a planned parenthood fundraiser in north texas. “i am proud to stand with planned parenthood not only because women, regardless of where they are from, deserve to live dignified, healthy lives,” she said, “because a really good investment. we know that when women are healthy, their families and their children are healthier too.” adelle nazarian is a politics and national security reporter for news. follow her on facebook and twitter.

ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. ˈfɔrmər fərst ˈdɔtər ˈʧɛlsi ˈklɪntən bɪˈlivz hɛlθ, ʧaɪld ˈmɛrɪʤ, ənd ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ər ““interconnected.”*.” ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ðə kənˈsərnz əraʊnd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ, hɛlθ, ʧaɪld ˈmɛrɪʤ, ˈækˌsɛs tɪ tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ɔl əv ðoʊz ər əv kɔrs interconnected,”*,” ˈklɪntən sɛd waɪl pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɔn ə ˈpænəl æt ðə kɛr ˈnæʃənəl ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. ʃi ˈædɪd, hæv tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn iʧ əv ðɛm ɪn ðɛr interconnectedness*, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈaʊˌtreɪʤɪz ðət du dɪˈmænd ɑr attention.”*.” ðə ɪˈvɛnt wɑz ˈbrɔdˌkæst lɪv ɔn ˈsiˌspæn. ðə ɪˈvɛnt hoʊst ˌɪntrəˈdust ˈklɪntən ɛz ən ““activist*, θɔt ˈlidər, ənd ʧeɪnʤ agent.”*.” ˈklɪntən dɪd nɑt ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ər ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ʃi bɪˈlivz ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ənd ʧaɪld ˈmɛrɪʤ ər ““interconnected.”*.” ʧaɪld ˈmɛrɪʤ həz ɪgˈzɪstəd fər ˈθaʊzənz əv jɪrz. ˈklɪntən əˈpɪrd ɔn ðə ˈpænəl wɪθ ˈfɛloʊ ˈfɔrmər fərst ˈdɔtər ˈbɑrbərə bʊʃ. ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn ðə ˈpænəl wɑz ˈgloʊbəl fənd fər ˈwɪmən ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ənd ˈfaʊndər ənd əv al-khatahtbeh*. ɪn mɑrʧ, bʊʃ dɪˈlɪvərd ðə ˈkiˌnoʊt ˈæˌdrɛs æt ə plænd ˈpɛrənˌthʊd ˈfənˌdreɪzər ɪn nɔrθ ˈtɛksəs. æm praʊd tɪ stænd wɪθ plænd ˈpɛrənˌthʊd nɑt ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz ˈwɪmən, rəˈgɑrdləs əv wɛr ðeɪ ər frəm, dɪˈzərv tɪ lɪv ˈdɪgnəˌfaɪd, ˈhɛlθi lives,”*,” ʃi sɛd, ə ˈrɪli gʊd ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt. wi noʊ ðət wɪn ˈwɪmən ər ˈhɛlθi, ðɛr ˈfæməliz ənd ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən ər ˈhɛlθiər too.”*.” əˈdɛl nəˈzɛriən ɪz ə ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti rɪˈpɔrtər fər nuz. ˈfɑloʊ hər ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər.

breaking news emails get breaking news alerts and special reports. the news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings. aug. 28, 2016, pm / updated aug. 28, 2016, pm by the associated press amatrice, italy bulldozers and other heavy equipment rolled through italy's town of on sunday, pulling down dangerously overhanging ledges and clearing rubble as investigators tried to figure out if negligence in enforcing building codes added to the quake's high death toll. investigations will focus on a number of structures, including an elementary school in that crumbled when the quake hit wednesday. the school was renovated in 2012 to resist earthquakes at a cost of euros ($785,000). questions also surround a bell tower in that collapsed, killing a family of four sleeping in a neighboring house including a baby of 8 months and a boy. that bell tower also had been recently restored with special funds allocated after italy's last major earthquake, in in 2009. firefighters gather near the damaged church in on sunday. andreas / - getty images the quake early wednesday killed 290 people and injured hundreds as it flattened three medieval towns in central italy. giuseppe saieva, the prosecutor in the regional capital of rieti, said the high human death toll "cannot only be considered the work of fate." he said for now, police investigators remained focused on recovery efforts but once that emergency phase has passed, they will concentrate on the investigations. italy's state museums, meanwhile, embarked on a fundraising campaign, donating their proceeds sunday to relief and reconstruction efforts in the earthquake zone. wednesday's magnitude quake destroyed not only private homes but also churches and other cultural treasures. the idea is to use art for art harnessing the nation's rich artistic heritage to help recover and restore other objects of beauty in the towns. related: tears flow as italy holds mass funeral for quake victims overnight was relatively calm, the first since the quake struck without strong aftershocks. in all, the region has seen aftershocks, according to the national institute of and volcanology. on saturday, mourners prayed, hugged, wept and even applauded as coffins carrying earthquake victims passed by at a state funeral in the town of piceno. the caskets of 35 people had been brought to a community gym one of the few structures in the area still intact. the local bishop, giovanni, celebrated mass beneath a crucifix he had retrieved from one of the damaged churches. relatives mourn over a coffin of one of the earthquake victims prior to the funeral service saturday. gregorio borgia / ap emotions that had been dammed up for days broke in a crescendo of grief. one young man wept over a little girl's white coffin. many mourners were recovering from injuries themselves, some wrapped in bandages. as all of italy observed a day of national mourning, bishop urged residents to rebuild their communities. "don't be afraid to cry out your suffering i have seen a lot of this but please do not lose courage," said. "only together can we rebuild our houses and our churches."

ˈbreɪkɪŋ nuz iˈmeɪlz gɪt ˈbreɪkɪŋ nuz əˈlərts ənd ˈspɛʃəl rɪˈpɔrts. ðə nuz ənd ˈstɔriz ðət ˈmætər, dɪˈlɪvərd ˈwikˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋz. ˈɔgəst. 28 2016 piɛm ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˈɔgəst. 28 2016 piɛm baɪ ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs, ˈɪtəli ˈbʊlˌdoʊzərz ənd ˈəðər ˈhɛvi ɪkˈwɪpmənt roʊld θru ˈɪtəliz taʊn əv ɔn ˈsənˌdi, ˈpʊlɪŋ daʊn ˈdeɪnʤərəsli ˈoʊvərˌhæŋɪŋ ˈlɛʤɪz ənd ˈklɪrɪŋ ˈrəbəl ɛz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz traɪd tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt ɪf ˈnɛglɪʤəns ɪn ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈbɪldɪŋ koʊdz ˈædɪd tɪ ðə kweɪks haɪ dɛθ toʊl. ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz wɪl ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈstrəkʧərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ən ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri skul ɪn ðət ˈkrəmbəld wɪn ðə kweɪk hɪt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. ðə skul wɑz ˈrɛnəˌveɪtɪd ɪn 2012 tɪ rɪˈzɪst ˈərθkˌweɪks æt ə kɔst əv ˈjuˌroʊz kˈwɛsʧənz ˈɔlsoʊ səraʊnd ə bɛl taʊər ɪn ðət kəˈlæpst, ˈkɪlɪŋ ə ˈfæməli əv fɔr sˈlipɪŋ ɪn ə ˈneɪbərɪŋ haʊs ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈbeɪbi əv 8 mənθs ənd ə bɔɪ. ðət bɛl taʊər ˈɔlsoʊ hæd bɪn ˈrisəntli rɪˈstɔrd wɪθ ˈspɛʃəl fəndz ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ˈæftər ˈɪtəliz læst ˈmeɪʤər ˈərθkˌweɪk, ɪn ɪn 2009 ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz ˈgæðər nɪr ðə ˈdæmɪʤd ʧərʧ ɪn ɔn ˈsənˌdi. ɑnˈdreɪəs ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ðə kweɪk ˈərli ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ kɪld 290 ˈpipəl ənd ˈɪnʤərd ˈhənərdz ɛz ɪt ˈflætənd θri mɪˈdjivəl taʊnz ɪn ˈsɛntrəl ˈɪtəli. ʤɪˈsɛpi saieva*, ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər ɪn ðə ˈriʤənəl ˈkæpɪtəl əv rieti*, sɛd ðə haɪ ˈjumən dɛθ toʊl "ˈkænɑt ˈoʊnli bi kənˈsɪdərd ðə wərk əv feɪt." hi sɛd fər naʊ, pəˈlis ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz rɪˈmeɪnd ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn rɪˈkəvəri ˈɛfərts bət wəns ðət ˈimərʤənsi feɪz həz pæst, ðeɪ wɪl ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɔn ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz. ˈɪtəliz steɪt mˈjuziəmz, ˈminˌwaɪl, ɛmˈbɑrkt ɔn ə ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn, ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪŋ ðɛr prəˈsidz ˈsənˌdi tɪ rɪˈlif ənd ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ˈɛfərts ɪn ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk zoʊn. ˈwɛnzˌdeɪz ˈmægnəˌtud kweɪk dɪˈstrɔɪd nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈpraɪvət hoʊmz bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈʧərʧɪz ənd ˈəðər ˈkəlʧərəl ˈtrɛʒərz. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz tɪ juz ɑrt fər ɑrt ˈhɑrnəsɪŋ ðə ˈneɪʃənz rɪʧ ɑrˈtɪstɪk ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ tɪ hɛlp rɪˈkəvər ənd rɪˈstɔr ˈəðər ˈɑbʤɛkts əv ˈbjuti ɪn ðə taʊnz. rɪˈleɪtɪd: tɪrz floʊ ɛz ˈɪtəli hoʊldz mæs fˈjunərəl fər kweɪk ˈvɪktɪmz ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt wɑz ˈrɛlətɪvli kɑm, ðə fərst sɪns ðə kweɪk strək wɪˈθaʊt strɔŋ ˈæftərˌʃɑks. ɪn ɔl, ðə ˈriʤən həz sin ˈæftərˌʃɑks, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ənd volcanology*. ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈmɔrnərz preɪd, həgd, wɛpt ənd ˈivɪn əˈplɔdɪd ɛz ˈkɔfɪnz ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈvɪktɪmz pæst baɪ æt ə steɪt fˈjunərəl ɪn ðə taʊn əv piceno*. ðə ˈkæskəts əv 35 ˈpipəl hæd bɪn brɔt tɪ ə kəmˈjunɪti ʤɪm wən əv ðə fju ˈstrəkʧərz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə stɪl ˌɪnˈtækt. ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈbɪʃəp, ˌʤioʊˈvɑni, ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd mæs bɪˈniθ ə ˈkrusəˌfɪks hi hæd riˈtrivd frəm wən əv ðə ˈdæmɪʤd ˈʧərʧɪz. ˈrɛlətɪvz mɔrn ˈoʊvər ə ˈkɔfɪn əv wən əv ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈvɪktɪmz praɪər tɪ ðə fˈjunərəl ˈsərvɪs ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. grɪˈgɔrioʊ ˈbɔrʤə ˌeɪˈpi ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz ðət hæd bɪn dæmd əp fər deɪz broʊk ɪn ə krɪˈʃɛndoʊ əv grif. wən jəŋ mæn wɛpt ˈoʊvər ə ˈlɪtəl gərlz waɪt ˈkɔfɪn. ˈmɛni ˈmɔrnərz wər rɪˈkəvərɪŋ frəm ˈɪnʤəriz ðɛmˈsɛlvz, səm ræpt ɪn ˈbændɪʤɪz. ɛz ɔl əv ˈɪtəli əbˈzərvd ə deɪ əv ˈnæʃənəl ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ˈbɪʃəp ərʤd ˈrɛzɪdənts tɪ riˈbɪld ðɛr kəmˈjunɪtiz. "doʊnt bi əˈfreɪd tɪ kraɪ aʊt jʊr ˈsəfərɪŋ aɪ hæv sin ə lɔt əv ðɪs bət pliz du nɑt luz kərɪʤ," sɛd. "ˈoʊnli təˈgɛðər kən wi riˈbɪld ɑr ˈhaʊsɪz ənd ɑr ˈʧərʧɪz."

the mayor of london has said could be halted if the labour party made staying in the european union a manifesto policy, and won the next election. sadiq khan said it could still be possible to ‘trump the referendum’ result by effectively putting it back to the public as a manifesto pledge. the mayor has made the intervention at a time his party is in turmoil over its own position, though he has never in his stance. he told the guardian: ‘for it to have credibility with the british public, there would have to be a labour manifesto offer, because the public would say, not unreasonably “hold on a sec, we voted to leave and now sticking two fingers up at us”. read more

ðə meɪər əv ˈləndən həz sɛd kʊd bi ˈhɔltɪd ɪf ðə ˈleɪbər ˈpɑrti meɪd steɪɪŋ ɪn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən ə ˌmænɪˈfɛˌstoʊ ˈpɑləsi, ənd wən ðə nɛkst ɪˈlɛkʃən. kɑn sɛd ɪt kʊd stɪl bi ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ðə referendum’*’ rɪˈzəlt baɪ ˈifɛktɪvli ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪt bæk tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk ɛz ə ˌmænɪˈfɛˌstoʊ plɛʤ. ðə meɪər həz meɪd ðə ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən æt ə taɪm hɪz ˈpɑrti ɪz ɪn ˈtərˌmɔɪl ˈoʊvər ɪts oʊn pəˈzɪʃən, ðoʊ hi həz ˈnɛvər ɪn hɪz stæns. hi toʊld ðə ˈgɑrdiən: ɪt tɪ hæv ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti wɪθ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈpəblɪk, ðɛr wʊd hæv tɪ bi ə ˈleɪbər ˌmænɪˈfɛˌstoʊ ˈɔfər, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈpəblɪk wʊd seɪ, nɑt ənˈrizənəbli ɔn ə sɛk, wi ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ liv ənd naʊ ˈstɪkɪŋ tu ˈfɪŋgərz əp æt us”*”. rɛd mɔr

a google logo is seen at the garage where the company was founded on anniversary in menlo park, california september 26, 2013. lam (reuters) - google inc has acquired drone maker titan aerospace as the web search giant ramps up plans to deliver wireless internet access to remote parts of the world. titan chief executive vern raburn declined to provide information on the price of the deal, which he said closed on monday morning. the company will remain in new mexico for the foreseeable future, raburn said, with all employees joining google. the deal could further efforts to deliver internet access to remote regions of the world. last year google launched a small network of balloons designed to deliver internet access over the southern hemisphere, dubbed as project loon. “atmospheric satellites could help bring internet access to millions of people, and help solve other problems, including disaster relief and environmental damage like deforestation,” google said in an emailed statement confirming the titan acquisition. google’s acquisition of titan comes several weeks after rival facebook inc announced plans to build drones and satellites capable of beaming internet access to underdeveloped parts of the world. a few weeks before announcement, press reports said that facebook was in discussions to acquire titan. titan is developing a variety of “atmospheric satellites,” according to the website, with initial commercial operations slated for 2015. the drones, which fly at an altitude of feet and can remain aloft for up to five years and have a (50-meter) wingspan, slightly shorter than that of a boeing 777. news of the acquisition was first reported on monday by the wall street journal.

ə ˈgugəl ˈloʊgoʊ ɪz sin æt ðə gərɑʒ wɛr ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd ɔn ˌænəˈvərsəri ɪn ˈmɛnloʊ pɑrk, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə sɛpˈtɛmbər 26 2013 læm (ˈrɔɪtərz) ˈgugəl ɪŋk həz əkˈwaɪərd droʊn ˈmeɪkər ˈtaɪtən ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ɛz ðə wɛb sərʧ ʤaɪənt ræmps əp plænz tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈwaɪrlɪs ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ rɪˈmoʊt pɑrts əv ðə wərld. ˈtaɪtən ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv vərn ˈræbərn dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə praɪs əv ðə dil, wɪʧ hi sɛd kloʊzd ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ɪn nu ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ fər ðə fɔrˈsiəbəl fˈjuʧər, ˈræbərn sɛd, wɪθ ɔl ɪmˈplɔɪiz ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈgugəl. ðə dil kʊd ˈfərðər ˈɛfərts tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ rɪˈmoʊt ˈriʤənz əv ðə wərld. læst jɪr ˈgugəl lɔnʧt ə smɔl ˈnɛtˌwərk əv bəˈlunz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsəðərn ˈhɛmɪsˌfɪr, dəbd ɛz ˈprɑʤɛkt lun. ˈsætəˌlaɪts kʊd hɛlp brɪŋ ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈmɪljənz əv ˈpipəl, ənd hɛlp sɑlv ˈəðər ˈprɑbləmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ dɪˈzæstər rɪˈlif ənd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈdæmɪʤ laɪk deforestation,”*,” ˈgugəl sɛd ɪn ən iˈmeɪld ˈsteɪtmənt kənˈfərmɪŋ ðə ˈtaɪtən ˌækwəˈzɪʃən. ˌækwəˈzɪʃən əv ˈtaɪtən kəmz ˈsɛvərəl wiks ˈæftər ˈraɪvəl ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ɪŋk əˈnaʊnst plænz tɪ bɪld droʊnz ənd ˈsætəˌlaɪts ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈbimɪŋ ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌəndərdɪˈvɛləpt pɑrts əv ðə wərld. ə fju wiks ˌbiˈfɔr əˈnaʊnsmɛnt, prɛs rɪˈpɔrts sɛd ðət ˈfeɪsˌbʊk wɑz ɪn dɪˈskəʃənz tɪ əkˈwaɪər ˈtaɪtən. ˈtaɪtən ɪz dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ə vərˈaɪəti əv satellites,”*,” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, wɪθ ˌɪˈnɪʃəl kəˈmərʃəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz sˈleɪtɪd fər 2015 ðə droʊnz, wɪʧ flaɪ æt ən ˈæltəˌtud əv fit ənd kən rɪˈmeɪn əˈlɔft fər əp tɪ faɪv jɪrz ənd hæv ə 50-meter*) ˈwɪŋˌspæn, sˈlaɪtli ˈʃɔrtər ðən ðət əv ə boʊɪŋ 777 nuz əv ðə ˌækwəˈzɪʃən wɑz fərst ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ baɪ ðə wɔl strit ˈʤərnəl.

idaho governor c.l. "butch" otter made a recent proclamation that grabbed the attention of the l.a. times, but flew under the radar of most people in idaho. on the same day that the federal government shut down and idaho's new health exchange launched, gov. otter declared oct. 1 "aaron paul sturtevant day". whereas, “aaron paul” first became a household name for his role as “jesse pinkman” on the popular amc series “breaking bad;” and whereas, aaron won two emmy awards for “outstanding supporting actor in a drama series” for his role in “breaking bad” in 2010 and 2012; and whereas, anyone who watched aaron performance in “breaking bad” witnessed the devastating, tragic impacts of methamphetamine use on individuals, and the scourge that meth has become to our communities and society; and whereas, aaron paul continues to be an ambassador for the state of idaho throughout the nation and is an inspiration to all idahoans; now, therefore, i, c.l. “butch” otter, governor of the state of idaho, hereby proclaim october 1, 2013, as aaron paul sturtevant day. aaron paul sturtevant, who goes by aaron paul, played the jessie in "breaking bad." the hit show's finale was sept. 30, but the show's end wasn't the final word in idaho. the governor's proclamation came two weeks after the actor rented out the egyptian theatre in downtown boise for a screening of one of the final episodes. according to otter's spokesman jon, a proclamation of this kind isn't unusual. "he's obviously had great success in his chosen profession, winning accolades and honors for his role in 'breaking bad.' he speaks fondly of boise and of the state and of his experience of growing up here," says. hanian says he's not sure if the governor is a fan of the show, but he says otter wanted to recognize this "idaho son," despite his living in l.a. for the past several years. and for those who missed the feverishly hyped visit from paul at the egyptian, whiskey produced this video documenting it. the whiskey company sponsored his trip to the city of trees, as paul refers to boise. in the video paul sips whiskey with some friends and talks about his idaho roots -- and "staying grounded" in hollywood.

ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ ˈgəvərnər c.l*. "bʊʧ" ˈɑtər meɪd ə ˈrisənt ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃən ðət græbd ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ðə l.a*. taɪmz, bət flu ˈəndər ðə ˈreɪˌdɑr əv moʊst ˈpipəl ɪn ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ. ɔn ðə seɪm deɪ ðət ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ʃət daʊn ənd ˈaɪdəˌhoʊz nu hɛlθ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ lɔnʧt, gəv. ˈɑtər dɪˈklɛrd ɔkt. 1 "ˈɛrən pɔl ˈstərtəvənt deɪ". wɛˈræz, paul”*” fərst bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld neɪm fər hɪz roʊl ɛz pinkman”*” ɔn ðə ˈpɑpjələr ˈeɪˌɛmˈsi ˈsɪriz bad;”*;” ənd wɛˈræz, ˈɛrən wən tu ˈɛmi əˈwɔrdz fər səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈæktər ɪn ə ˈdrɑmə series”*” fər hɪz roʊl ɪn bad”*” ɪn 2010 ənd 2012 ənd wɛˈræz, ˈɛniˌwən hu wɔʧt ˈɛrən pərˈfɔrməns ɪn bad”*” ˈwɪtnəst ðə ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ, ˈtræʤɪk ˌɪmˈpækts əv ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəmin juz ɔn ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz, ənd ðə skərʤ ðət mɛθ həz bɪˈkəm tɪ ɑr kəmˈjunɪtiz ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti; ənd wɛˈræz, ˈɛrən pɔl kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi ən æmˈbæsədər fər ðə steɪt əv ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ θruaʊt ðə ˈneɪʃən ənd ɪz ən ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən tɪ ɔl idahoans*; naʊ, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, aɪ, c.l*. ““butch”*” ˈɑtər, ˈgəvərnər əv ðə steɪt əv ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ, hɪrˈbaɪ proʊˈkleɪm ɑkˈtoʊbər 1 2013 ɛz ˈɛrən pɔl ˈstərtəvənt deɪ. ˈɛrən pɔl ˈstərtəvənt, hu goʊz baɪ ˈɛrən pɔl, pleɪd ðə ˈʤɛsi ɪn "ˈbreɪkɪŋ bæd." ðə hɪt ʃoʊz fəˈnæli wɑz sɛpt. 30 bət ðə ʃoʊz ɛnd ˈwəzənt ðə ˈfaɪnəl wərd ɪn ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ. ðə ˈgəvərnərz ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃən keɪm tu wiks ˈæftər ðə ˈæktər ˈrɛntɪd aʊt ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈθiətər ɪn ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈbɔɪzi fər ə ˈskrinɪŋ əv wən əv ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈɑtərz ˈspoʊksmən ʤɑn, ə ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃən əv ðɪs kaɪnd ˈɪzənt ənˈjuˌʒuəl. "hiz ˈɑbviəsli hæd greɪt səkˈsɛs ɪn hɪz ˈʧoʊzən prəˈfɛʃən, ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈækəˌleɪdz ənd ˈɑnərz fər hɪz roʊl ɪn 'ˈbreɪkɪŋ bæd.' hi spiks ˈfɑndli əv ˈbɔɪzi ənd əv ðə steɪt ənd əv hɪz ɪkˈspɪriəns əv groʊɪŋ əp hir," sɪz. sɪz hiz nɑt ʃʊr ɪf ðə ˈgəvərnər ɪz ə fæn əv ðə ʃoʊ, bət hi sɪz ˈɑtər ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðɪs "ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ sən," dɪˈspaɪt hɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn l.a*. fər ðə pæst ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz. ənd fər ðoʊz hu mɪst ðə ˈfɛvərˌɪʃli haɪpt ˈvɪzɪt frəm pɔl æt ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən, ˈwɪski prəˈdust ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ ˈdɑkjəmənɪŋ ɪt. ðə ˈwɪski ˈkəmpəˌni ˈspɑnsərd hɪz trɪp tɪ ðə ˈsɪti əv triz, ɛz pɔl rɪˈfərz tɪ ˈbɔɪzi. ɪn ðə ˈvɪdioʊ pɔl sɪps ˈwɪski wɪθ səm frɛndz ənd tɔks əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ ruts ənd "steɪɪŋ ˈgraʊndɪd" ɪn ˈhɑliˌwʊd.

don't start thinking that landing a rocket's first stage is routine just yet, as has just posted video of its latest attempt. the falcon 9 rocket successfully delivered two satellites to orbit, however when it returned to earth everything did not go exactly to plan. the live video feed cut out so we weren't sure exactly what happened, but now musk has video from afar showing the landing process. according to musk, one of the engines cut out before it hit the deck of the droneship, causing a landing hard enough to "destroy the primary airframe and accordion the engines." we're guessing there's not enough left for this one to join the trophy case, but that's just how it happens in 2016, which musk is calling "the year of experimentation."

doʊnt stɑrt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðət ˈlændɪŋ ə ˈrɑkəts fərst steɪʤ ɪz ruˈtin ʤɪst jɛt, ɛz həz ʤɪst ˈpoʊstɪd ˈvɪdioʊ əv ɪts ˈleɪtəst əˈtɛmpt. ðə ˈfælkən 9 ˈrɑkət səkˈsɛsfəli dɪˈlɪvərd tu ˈsætəˌlaɪts tɪ ˈɔrbət, ˌhaʊˈɛvər wɪn ɪt rɪˈtərnd tɪ ərθ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ dɪd nɑt goʊ ɪgˈzæktli tɪ plæn. ðə lɪv ˈvɪdioʊ fid kət aʊt soʊ wi wərənt ʃʊr ɪgˈzæktli wət ˈhæpənd, bət naʊ məsk həz ˈvɪdioʊ frəm əˈfɑr ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ˈlændɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ məsk, wən əv ðə ˈɛnʤənz kət aʊt ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt hɪt ðə dɛk əv ðə droneship*, ˈkɔzɪŋ ə ˈlændɪŋ hɑrd ɪˈnəf tɪ "dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈɛrˌfreɪm ənd əˈkɔrdiən ðə ˈɛnʤənz." wɪr ˈgɛsɪŋ ðɛrz nɑt ɪˈnəf lɛft fər ðɪs wən tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˈtroʊfi keɪs, bət ðæts ʤɪst haʊ ɪt ˈhæpənz ɪn 2016 wɪʧ məsk ɪz ˈkɔlɪŋ "ðə jɪr əv ɪkˌspɛrəmənˈteɪʃən."

b. sherwood lollar et al. a scientist takes a sample of water from a mine deep underground in ontario, canada. the water turned out to be billion years old, the oldest known water on earth. by charles q. choi livescience a pocket of water some billion years old the most ancient pocket of water known by far, older even than the dawn of life has now been discovered in a mine 2 miles below the earth's surface. the finding, announced in the may 16 issue of the journal nature, raises the tantalizing possibility that ancient life might be found deep underground not only within earth, but in similar oases that may exist on mars, the scientists who studied the water said. geoscientist barbara sherwood lollar at the university of toronto and her colleagues have investigated deep mines across the world since the 1980s. water can flow into fractures in rocks and become isolated deep in the crust for many years, serving as a time capsule of what their environments were like at the time they were sealed off. in gold mines in south africa miles (2.8 kilometers) deep, the scientists previously discovered microbes could survive in pockets of for tens of millions of years. these reservoirs were many times saltier than seawater, "and had chemistry in many ways similar to hydrothermal vents on the bottom of the ocean, full of dissolved hydrogen and other chemicals capable of supporting life," sherwood lollar said. [strangest places where life is found on earth] to see what other ancient pockets of water might exist, sherwood lollar and her colleagues investigated copper and zinc mines near the city of timmins in ontario, canada. "as the prices of copper, zinc and gold have gone up, mines now go deeper, which has helped our search for reservoirs of water hidden underground," sherwood lollar said. 'mind-blowing' find "sometimes we went down in cages they're not called elevators underground that dropped us to the levels we wanted to go," sherwood lollar told. "other times, we went down ramp mines, which have curling spiral roadways, so we could actually drive all the way down." the scientists analyzed water they found 2 miles (2.4 km) deep. they focused on noble gases such as helium, neon, argon and xenon. past studies analyzing bubbles of air trapped within ancient rocks found that these rare gases could occur in distinct ratios linked with certain eras of earth's history. as such, by analyzing the ratios of noble gases seen in this water, the researchers could deduce the age of the water. the scientists discovered the fluids were trapped in the rocks between billion and4 billion years ago. "it was absolutely mind-blowing," sherwood lollar said. "these weren't tens of millions of years old like we might have expected, or even hundreds of millions of years old. they were billions of years old." the site was formed by geological activity similar to that seen in hydrothermal vents. "we walked along what used to be ocean floor billion years ago," sherwood lollar said. "you could still see some of the same pillow lava structures now seen on the bottom of the ocean." signs of life? this ancient water poured out of the the team drilled in the mine at the rate of nearly a (2 liters) per minute. it remains uncertain precisely how large this reservoir of water is. "this is an extremely important question and one that we want to pursue in our future work," sherwood lollar said. "we also want to see if there are habitable reservoirs of similar age around the world." sherwood lollar emphasized they have not yet found any signs of life in the water from timmins. "we're working on that right now," she said. "it'd be fascinating to us if we did, since it'd push back the frontiers of how long life could survive in isolation." and the implications of such a finding would extend beyond the extremes of life on earth. "finding life in this water is especially exciting if one thinks of mars, where there might be water of similar age and mineralogy under the surface," sherwood lollar said. if any life once arose on mars billions of years ago as it did on earth, "then it is likely in the subsurface," sherwood lollar said. "if we find the water in timmins can support life, maybe the same might hold true for mars as well." follow @oaplanet, facebook and article at's. copyright 2013, a company. all rights reserved. this material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

bi. ˈʃərˌwʊd ˈlɑlər ɛt æl. ə ˈsaɪəntɪst teɪks ə ˈsæmpəl əv ˈwɔtər frəm ə maɪn dip ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ɪn ɑnˈtɛrioʊ, ˈkænədə. ðə ˈwɔtər tərnd aʊt tɪ bi ˈbɪljən jɪrz oʊld, ðə ˈoʊldəst noʊn ˈwɔtər ɔn ərθ. baɪ ˈʧɑrəlz kju. ʧɔɪ ə ˈpɑkət əv ˈwɔtər səm ˈbɪljən jɪrz oʊld ðə moʊst ˈeɪnʧənt ˈpɑkət əv ˈwɔtər noʊn baɪ fɑr, ˈoʊldər ˈivɪn ðən ðə dɔn əv laɪf həz naʊ bɪn dɪˈskəvərd ɪn ə maɪn 2 maɪəlz bɪˈloʊ ðə ərθs ˈsərfəs. ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋ, əˈnaʊnst ɪn ðə meɪ 16 ˈɪʃu əv ðə ˈʤərnəl ˈneɪʧər, ˈreɪzɪz ðə ˈtænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ˈeɪnʧənt laɪf maɪt bi faʊnd dip ˈəndərˌgraʊnd nɑt ˈoʊnli wɪˈθɪn ərθ, bət ɪn ˈsɪmələr oʊˈeɪsiz ðət meɪ ɪgˈzɪst ɔn mɑrz, ðə ˈsaɪəntɪsts hu ˈstədid ðə ˈwɔtər sɛd. ˈbɑrbərə ˈʃərˌwʊd ˈlɑlər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv tərˈɑntoʊ ənd hər ˈkɑligz hæv ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd dip maɪnz əˈkrɔs ðə wərld sɪns ðə 1980s*. ˈwɔtər kən floʊ ˈɪntu ˈfrækʧərz ɪn rɑks ənd bɪˈkəm ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd dip ɪn ðə krəst fər ˈmɛni jɪrz, ˈsərvɪŋ ɛz ə taɪm ˈkæpsəl əv wət ðɛr ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts wər laɪk æt ðə taɪm ðeɪ wər sild ɔf. ɪn goʊld maɪnz ɪn saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ maɪəlz ˈkɪləˌmitərz) dip, ðə ˈsaɪəntɪsts ˈpriviəsli dɪˈskəvərd ˈmaɪˌkroʊbz kʊd sərˈvaɪv ɪn ˈpɑkəts əv fər tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz əv jɪrz. ðiz ˈrɛzərvˌwɑrz wər ˈmɛni taɪmz ˈsɔltiər ðən ˈsiˌwɔtər, "ənd hæd ˈkɛmɪstri ɪn ˈmɛni weɪz ˈsɪmələr tɪ ˌhaɪdroʊˈθərməl vɛnts ɔn ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə ˈoʊʃən, fʊl əv dɪˈzɑlvd ˈhaɪdrəʤən ənd ˈəðər ˈkɛmɪkəlz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv səˈpɔrtɪŋ laɪf," ˈʃərˌwʊd ˈlɑlər sɛd. [ˈstreɪnʤɪst ˈpleɪsɪz wɛr laɪf ɪz faʊnd ɔn ərθ] tɪ si wət ˈəðər ˈeɪnʧənt ˈpɑkəts əv ˈwɔtər maɪt ɪgˈzɪst, ˈʃərˌwʊd ˈlɑlər ənd hər ˈkɑligz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ˈkɑpər ənd zɪŋk maɪnz nɪr ðə ˈsɪti əv ˈtɪmɪnz ɪn ɑnˈtɛrioʊ, ˈkænədə. "ɛz ðə ˈpraɪsɪz əv ˈkɑpər, zɪŋk ənd goʊld hæv gɔn əp, maɪnz naʊ goʊ ˈdipər, wɪʧ həz hɛlpt ɑr sərʧ fər ˈrɛzərvˌwɑrz əv ˈwɔtər ˈhɪdən ˈəndərˌgraʊnd," ˈʃərˌwʊd ˈlɑlər sɛd. 'mind-blowing*' faɪnd "ˈsəmˌtaɪmz wi wɛnt daʊn ɪn ˈkeɪʤɪz ðɛr nɑt kɔld ˈɛləˌveɪtərz ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ðət drɑpt ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ðə ˈlɛvəlz wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ goʊ," ˈʃərˌwʊd ˈlɑlər toʊld. "ˈəðər taɪmz, wi wɛnt daʊn ræmp maɪnz, wɪʧ hæv ˈkərlɪŋ ˈspaɪrəl ˈroʊdˌweɪz, soʊ wi kʊd ˈæˌkʧuəli draɪv ɔl ðə weɪ daʊn." ðə ˈsaɪəntɪsts ˈænəˌlaɪzd ˈwɔtər ðeɪ faʊnd 2 maɪəlz km*) dip. ðeɪ ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈnoʊbəl ˈgæsɪz səʧ ɛz ˈhiliəm, niɑn, ˈɑrˌgɑn ənd ˈzinɑn. pæst ˈstədiz ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈbəbəlz əv ɛr træpt wɪˈθɪn ˈeɪnʧənt rɑks faʊnd ðət ðiz rɛr ˈgæsɪz kʊd əˈkər ɪn dɪˈstɪŋkt ˈreɪʃiˌoʊz lɪŋkt wɪθ ˈsərtən ˈɪrəz əv ərθs ˈhɪstəri. ɛz səʧ, baɪ ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈreɪʃiˌoʊz əv ˈnoʊbəl ˈgæsɪz sin ɪn ðɪs ˈwɔtər, ðə ˈrisərʧərz kʊd dɪˈdus ðə eɪʤ əv ðə ˈwɔtər. ðə ˈsaɪəntɪsts dɪˈskəvərd ðə fluɪdz wər træpt ɪn ðə rɑks bɪtˈwin ˈbɪljən ənd ˈbɪljən jɪrz əˈgoʊ. "ɪt wɑz ˌæbsəˈlutli mind-blowing*," ˈʃərˌwʊd ˈlɑlər sɛd. "ðiz wərənt tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz əv jɪrz oʊld laɪk wi maɪt hæv ɪkˈspɛktɪd, ər ˈivɪn ˈhənərdz əv ˈmɪljənz əv jɪrz oʊld. ðeɪ wər ˈbɪljənz əv jɪrz oʊld." ðə saɪt wɑz fɔrmd baɪ ˌʤiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ækˈtɪvɪti ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðət sin ɪn ˌhaɪdroʊˈθərməl vɛnts. "wi wɔkt əˈlɔŋ wət juzd tɪ bi ˈoʊʃən flɔr ˈbɪljən jɪrz əˈgoʊ," ˈʃərˌwʊd ˈlɑlər sɛd. "ju kʊd stɪl si səm əv ðə seɪm ˈpɪloʊ ˈlɑvə ˈstrəkʧərz naʊ sin ɔn ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə ˈoʊʃən." saɪnz əv laɪf? ðɪs ˈeɪnʧənt ˈwɔtər pɔrd aʊt əv ðə ðə tim drɪld ɪn ðə maɪn æt ðə reɪt əv ˈnɪrli ə 2 ˈlitərz) pər ˈmɪnət. ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz ənˈsərtən prɪˈsaɪsli haʊ lɑrʤ ðɪs ˈrɛzəvˌwɑr əv ˈwɔtər ɪz. "ðɪs ɪz ən ɪkˈstrimli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kˈwɛʃən ənd wən ðət wi wɔnt tɪ pərˈsu ɪn ɑr fˈjuʧər wərk," ˈʃərˌwʊd ˈlɑlər sɛd. "wi ˈɔlsoʊ wɔnt tɪ si ɪf ðɛr ər ˈhæbətəbəl ˈrɛzərvˌwɑrz əv ˈsɪmələr eɪʤ əraʊnd ðə wərld." ˈʃərˌwʊd ˈlɑlər ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd ðeɪ hæv nɑt jɛt faʊnd ˈɛni saɪnz əv laɪf ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər frəm ˈtɪmɪnz. "wɪr ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðət raɪt naʊ," ʃi sɛd. "ˈɪtəd bi ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ɪf wi dɪd, sɪns ˈɪtəd pʊʃ bæk ðə frənˈtɪrz əv haʊ lɔŋ laɪf kʊd sərˈvaɪv ɪn ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən." ənd ðə ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz əv səʧ ə ˈfaɪndɪŋ wʊd ɪkˈstɛnd bɪɔnd ðə ɪkˈstrimz əv laɪf ɔn ərθ. "ˈfaɪndɪŋ laɪf ɪn ðɪs ˈwɔtər ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ɪf wən θɪŋks əv mɑrz, wɛr ðɛr maɪt bi ˈwɔtər əv ˈsɪmələr eɪʤ ənd ˌmɪnərˈɑləʤi ˈəndər ðə ˈsərfəs," ˈʃərˌwʊd ˈlɑlər sɛd. ɪf ˈɛni laɪf wəns əroʊz ɔn mɑrz ˈbɪljənz əv jɪrz əˈgoʊ ɛz ɪt dɪd ɔn ərθ, "ðɛn ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ɪn ðə ˈsəbˌsərfəs," ˈʃərˌwʊd ˈlɑlər sɛd. "ɪf wi faɪnd ðə ˈwɔtər ɪn ˈtɪmɪnz kən səˈpɔrt laɪf, ˈmeɪbi ðə seɪm maɪt hoʊld tru fər mɑrz ɛz wɛl." ˈfɑloʊ @oaplanet*, ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd ˈɑrtɪkəl æt. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2013, ə ˈkəmpəˌni. ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd. ðɪs məˈtɪriəl meɪ nɑt bi ˈpəblɪʃt, ˈbrɔdˌkæst, riˈrɪtən ər ˌridɪˈstrɪbjətɪd.

a searcher walks through the debris of a deadly mudslide in, wash. at least 18 people have been confirmed dead. up to 30 more are probably entombed in a thick gray muck, swallowed by the land, perhaps never to be seen again. march 29, 2014 a searcher walks through the debris of a deadly mudslide in, wash. at least 18 people have been confirmed dead. up to 30 more are probably entombed in a thick gray muck, swallowed by the land, perhaps never to be seen again. elaine people are still unaccounted for after a march 22 massive landslide in rural northwest washington state killed at least 18 people, authorities said. people are still unaccounted for after a massive landslide in rural northwest washington state killed at least 16 people and forced evacuations of the area because of fears of flooding, authorities said. people are still unaccounted for after a massive landslide in rural northwest washington state killed at least 16 people and forced evacuations of the area because of fears of flooding, authorities said. loanna langton saw the mountain move. it roared. it shook. it tossed aside trees 100 at a time, she said as it tumbled in an avalanche of mud and rock toward her back door. it moved so fast she immediately gave up any hope of surviving. langton gathered the children and hugged them close, so they would be buried in the same spot. “i just knew,” she said, “we were going to die.” but washington deadliest natural disaster since the 1980 mount st. helens volcanic eruption and one of the worst in a century came to a miraculous stop in back yard. elsewhere in her small rural town of darrington, residents were killed in a variety of ways: some were swept off a highway in their cars, others were crushed by huge mud balls that demolished everything in their path, and many simply disappeared. at least 18 people have been confirmed dead, and up to 30 more are likely entombed in a thick gray muck, swallowed by the land, perhaps never to be seen again. for two tiny logging towns population is and is 180 the death on such a wide scale is unimaginable. bogged down by relentless rain that continued saturday, workers have failed to unearth many bodies, all but assuring that the landscape will be preserved in the short term as a mass graveyard. nearly every adult in this part of snohomish county, a patchwork of little towns about 50 miles north of seattle, knew someone who died or knows someone close to them. it is a community of loggers who earn in jobs cutting timber, and wealthy people, some of them retirees, who built dream homes on emerald hills with scenic views of the cascades, near a river teeming with steelhead and salmon. but some are now questioning whether many of the homes should have been built at all in the valley below a hillside that commonly shifts, sending mud raining down about once a decade. at least four new homes have been built since the last major landslide muddied the valley eight years ago. the snohomish county officials who control land use permits asserted last week that there was no way of knowing a giant mudslide would ever happen there. in fact, the area was primed for just such an extraordinary event, according to geologist daniel j. miller, who twice surveyed the area for local native american tribes who rely on the health for fishing and for the army corps of engineers. he wrote in his 1999 report that the hazel landslide, as the mountain is known, was constantly shifting, experiencing landslides and would one day suffer “a catastrophic failure.” “this landslide moves every year when it gets wet, and pieces fall off,” said miller, a consultant in seattle, in a telephone interview friday. it was a nightmare waiting to happen. an ancient glacier is jutting out of the mountain, making its flat plateau unstable, miller said. the river was eroding it from below. rows of conifer trees that helped to mitigate erosion by sucking water through their roots and releasing it into the atmosphere were chopped down by loggers. rain fell on the bald spots they left, drenching dirt and sand, making the mountain even more precarious. march 2014 has been a ­record-breaker, the wettest in history. miller realized his warning was not heeded when he visited the site following a major landslide in 2006 that did not do nearly as much harm. he could not believe what he saw. “there was new construction,” he said. “the sound of hammering competed with the sound of [destabilized] trees snapping after the mudslide. i believe that someone wanted to build their home there. it was a very bad idea.” charity, 41 and raised in, said homeowners rarely mentioned the slides. when they did, the coursing mud was considered a small disruption, more of an annoyance than a major problem. “they’re so content with the beautiful place where they live, they think anything would happen,” said. prueher said she helped clear debris from the 2006 mudslide when she was a volunteer firefighter. the thought that another slide could come that was far worse never occurred to her. “it was nothing compared to this,” she said. state geologists estimated the volume of the march 22 slide at about 7 million cubic yards, covering an area equal to 545 football fields and six feet deep in parts. as bowled with friends thursday at rocket alley bar and grill in arlington, the largest town nearby, reality sank in. “i’ve been over this in my head many times in the last five days,” said. “i know close to 20 people who are missing and been found.” that includes a family of four who own a store across from the school where works. when she thought of the two little boys, laughing and playing outside in the spring, her eyes started welling with tears. “i know never going to hear them laughing again,” she said. then she caught herself. “you should always have hope,” she said. but her expression reflected the grim reality that has washed over this county. she feels deep down that all the missing are dead, but “i bring myself to say it out loud.” after a tragedy writ large, disbelief and grief often turn to anger and a demand for accountability. already, some engineers have criticized local and state officials for failing to recognize the dangers of development on the mountain. david montgomery, a professor of geology at the university of washington, said questions must be asked, but he is not sure blame is deserved. predicting mudslides is like forecasting the weather or an earthquake, he said. the science is not exact. montgomery praised miller, a colleague, because his 1999 prediction appears prophetic in hindsight. but miller had no way of knowing when his prediction would come true, and he did not take the added step of estimating where debris would flow when the slide happened. a report such as that might have gotten the attention of policymakers, he said. and then again, it might not have. geologists have recorded landslides around seattle for generations, but dire warnings about shaky ground in their reports are not always greeted as good news. it can hurt homebuilding and businesses that generate tax income. regardless of who is to blame, montgomery said, the state and other stakeholders must do whatever is needed to better understand the geology of its mountains and hills. “we have to use that information to identify the true hazard areas and zones,” where the cascading debris is likely to go. when the mountain began to move on an ordinary saturday morning across the river, it sounded “like a 747 jet was directly overhead,” said langton, 30. she was feeding her baby when it started. her kids playing outdoors yelled for her to come out. right away, she knew something was weird. “there was this gray cloud . . . and then i saw it taking out trees 100 at a time,” she said. “i started screaming for my kids to get out of there. screaming, ‘it’s a mudslide!’ within minutes, the roar was gone, and langton opened the back door. “i looked out on complete devastation,” she said. “i heard two ladies shouting for help. i heard another voice screaming, ‘help.’ i see him. i said, ‘sir, could you raise your arms so i can see you?’ he said he only had one arm. the other one was just hanging there.” she helped rescue them. now she lives in a basement of a home, because her house is flooded. her husband, kris, is among the volunteers slogging through the mud in the pelting rain and wind to find his neighbors. he rarely talks about what he sees. “we’re a little logging community,” she said. “there are so many missing, so many dead. we definitely feel god protected us. my house is gone. my out there digging for bodies.” richard johnson in and julie tate and alice crites in washington contributed to this report.

ə ˈsərʧər wɔks θru ðə dəˈbri əv ə ˈdɛdli ˈmədslaɪd ɪn, wɑʃ. æt list 18 ˈpipəl hæv bɪn kənˈfərmd dɛd. əp tɪ 30 mɔr ər ˈprɑbəˌbli ɛnˈtumd ɪn ə θɪk greɪ mək, sˈwɑloʊd baɪ ðə lænd, pərˈhæps ˈnɛvər tɪ bi sin əˈgɛn. mɑrʧ 29 2014 ə ˈsərʧər wɔks θru ðə dəˈbri əv ə ˈdɛdli ˈmədslaɪd ɪn, wɑʃ. æt list 18 ˈpipəl hæv bɪn kənˈfərmd dɛd. əp tɪ 30 mɔr ər ˈprɑbəˌbli ɛnˈtumd ɪn ə θɪk greɪ mək, sˈwɑloʊd baɪ ðə lænd, pərˈhæps ˈnɛvər tɪ bi sin əˈgɛn. ˌiˈleɪn ˈpipəl ər stɪl ˌənəˈkaʊntɪd fər ˈæftər ə mɑrʧ 22 ˈmæsɪv ˈlænsˌlaɪd ɪn ˈrʊrəl ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ˈwɔʃɪŋtən steɪt kɪld æt list 18 ˈpipəl, əˈθɔrətiz sɛd. ˈpipəl ər stɪl ˌənəˈkaʊntɪd fər ˈæftər ə ˈmæsɪv ˈlænsˌlaɪd ɪn ˈrʊrəl ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ˈwɔʃɪŋtən steɪt kɪld æt list 16 ˈpipəl ənd fɔrst ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃənz əv ðə ˈɛriə bɪˈkəz əv fɪrz əv ˈflədɪŋ, əˈθɔrətiz sɛd. ˈpipəl ər stɪl ˌənəˈkaʊntɪd fər ˈæftər ə ˈmæsɪv ˈlænsˌlaɪd ɪn ˈrʊrəl ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ˈwɔʃɪŋtən steɪt kɪld æt list 16 ˈpipəl ənd fɔrst ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃənz əv ðə ˈɛriə bɪˈkəz əv fɪrz əv ˈflədɪŋ, əˈθɔrətiz sɛd. ˈlæŋtən sɔ ðə ˈmaʊntən muv. ɪt rɔrd. ɪt ʃʊk. ɪt tɔst əˈsaɪd triz 100 æt ə taɪm, ʃi sɛd ɛz ɪt ˈtəmbəld ɪn ən ˈævəˌlænʧ əv məd ənd rɑk təˈwɔrd hər bæk dɔr. ɪt muvd soʊ fæst ʃi ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli geɪv əp ˈɛni hoʊp əv sərˈvaɪvɪŋ. ˈlæŋtən ˈgæðərd ðə ˈʧɪldrən ənd həgd ðɛm kloʊz, soʊ ðeɪ wʊd bi ˈbɛrid ɪn ðə seɪm spɑt. ʤɪst knew,”*,” ʃi sɛd, wər goʊɪŋ tɪ die.”*.” bət ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈdɛdliəst ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈzæstər sɪns ðə 1980 maʊnt st*. ˈhɛlənz vɑlˈkænɪk ˌɪˈrəpʃən ənd wən əv ðə wərst ɪn ə ˈsɛnʧəri keɪm tɪ ə mərˈækjələs stɑp ɪn bæk jɑrd. ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn hər smɔl ˈrʊrəl taʊn əv ˈdærɪŋtən, ˈrɛzɪdənts wər kɪld ɪn ə vərˈaɪəti əv weɪz: səm wər swɛpt ɔf ə ˈhaɪˌweɪ ɪn ðɛr kɑz, ˈəðərz wər krəʃt baɪ juʤ məd bɔlz ðət dɪˈmɑlɪʃt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪn ðɛr pæθ, ənd ˈmɛni ˈsɪmpli ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd. æt list 18 ˈpipəl hæv bɪn kənˈfərmd dɛd, ənd əp tɪ 30 mɔr ər ˈlaɪkli ɛnˈtumd ɪn ə θɪk greɪ mək, sˈwɑloʊd baɪ ðə lænd, pərˈhæps ˈnɛvər tɪ bi sin əˈgɛn. fər tu ˈtaɪni ˈlɔgɪŋ taʊnz ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪz ənd ɪz 180 ðə dɛθ ɔn səʧ ə waɪd skeɪl ɪz ˌənɪˈmæʤɪnəbəl. bɔgd daʊn baɪ rɪˈlɛntlɪs reɪn ðət kənˈtɪnjud ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈwərkərz hæv feɪld tɪ əˈnərθ ˈmɛni ˈbɑdiz, ɔl bət əˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət ðə ˈlænˌskeɪp wɪl bi prɪˈzərvd ɪn ðə ʃɔrt tərm ɛz ə mæs ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd. ˈnɪrli ˈɛvəri ˈædəlt ɪn ðɪs pɑrt əv sˈnɑhəmɪʃ ˈkaʊnti, ə ˈpæʧˌwərk əv ˈlɪtəl taʊnz əˈbaʊt 50 maɪəlz nɔrθ əv siˈætəl, nu ˈsəmˌwən hu daɪd ər noʊz ˈsəmˌwən kloʊz tɪ ðɛm. ɪt ɪz ə kəmˈjunɪti əv ˈlɑgərz hu ərn ɪn ʤɑbz ˈkətɪŋ ˈtɪmbər, ənd ˈwɛlθi ˈpipəl, səm əv ðɛm riˈtaɪˈriz, hu bɪlt drim hoʊmz ɔn ˈɛmərrəld hɪlz wɪθ ˈsinɪk vjuz əv ðə kæˈskeɪdz, nɪr ə ˈrɪvər ˈtimɪŋ wɪθ ˈstiˌlhɛd ənd ˈsæmən. bət səm ər naʊ kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ˈwɛðər ˈmɛni əv ðə hoʊmz ʃʊd hæv bɪn bɪlt æt ɔl ɪn ðə ˈvæli bɪˈloʊ ə ˈhɪlˌsaɪd ðət ˈkɑmənli ʃɪfts, ˈsɛndɪŋ məd ˈreɪnɪŋ daʊn əˈbaʊt wəns ə ˈdɛkeɪd. æt list fɔr nu hoʊmz hæv bɪn bɪlt sɪns ðə læst ˈmeɪʤər ˈlænsˌlaɪd ˈmədid ðə ˈvæli eɪt jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ðə sˈnɑhəmɪʃ ˈkaʊnti əˈfɪʃəlz hu kənˈtroʊl lænd juz ˈpərˌmɪts əˈsərtəd læst wik ðət ðɛr wɑz noʊ weɪ əv noʊɪŋ ə ʤaɪənt ˈmədslaɪd wʊd ˈɛvər ˈhæpən ðɛr. ɪn fækt, ðə ˈɛriə wɑz praɪmd fər ʤɪst səʧ ən ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri ɪˈvɛnt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ʤiˈɑləʤəst ˈdænjəl ʤeɪ. ˈmɪlər, hu twaɪs ˈsərˌveɪd ðə ˈɛriə fər ˈloʊkəl ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən traɪbz hu rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ðə hɛlθ fər ˈfɪʃɪŋ ənd fər ðə ˈɑrmi kɔrz əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz. hi roʊt ɪn hɪz 1999 rɪˈpɔrt ðət ðə ˈheɪzəl ˈlænsˌlaɪd, ɛz ðə ˈmaʊntən ɪz noʊn, wɑz ˈkɑnstəntli ˈʃɪftɪŋ, ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ˈlænsˌlaɪdz ənd wʊd wən deɪ ˈsəfər ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk failure.”*.” ˈlænsˌlaɪd muvz ˈɛvəri jɪr wɪn ɪt gɪts wɛt, ənd ˈpisɪz fɔl off,”*,” sɛd ˈmɪlər, ə kənˈsəltənt ɪn siˈætəl, ɪn ə ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ˈɪntərvˌju ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ɪt wɑz ə ˈnaɪtˌmɛr ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən. ən ˈeɪnʧənt ˈgleɪʃər ɪz ˈʤətɪŋ aʊt əv ðə ˈmaʊntən, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪts flæt plæˈtoʊ ənˈsteɪbəl, ˈmɪlər sɛd. ðə ˈrɪvər wɑz ɪˈroʊdɪŋ ɪt frəm bɪˈloʊ. roʊz əv ˈkɑnəfər triz ðət hɛlpt tɪ ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ɪˈroʊʒən baɪ ˈsəkɪŋ ˈwɔtər θru ðɛr ruts ənd riˈlisɪŋ ɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr wər ʧɑpt daʊn baɪ ˈlɑgərz. reɪn fɛl ɔn ðə bɔld spɑts ðeɪ lɛft, ˈdrɛnʧɪŋ dərt ənd sænd, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈmaʊntən ˈivɪn mɔr priˈkɛriəs. mɑrʧ 2014 həz bɪn ə ­­record-breaker*, ðə ˈwɛtəst ɪn ˈhɪstəri. ˈmɪlər ˈriəˌlaɪzd hɪz ˈwɔrnɪŋ wɑz nɑt ˈhidɪd wɪn hi ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə saɪt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈlænsˌlaɪd ɪn 2006 ðət dɪd nɑt du ˈnɪrli ɛz məʧ hɑrm. hi kʊd nɑt bɪˈliv wət hi sɔ. wɑz nu construction,”*,” hi sɛd. saʊnd əv ˈhæmərɪŋ kəmˈpitɪd wɪθ ðə saʊnd əv [dɪˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzd] triz sˈnæpɪŋ ˈæftər ðə ˈmədslaɪd. aɪ bɪˈliv ðət ˈsəmˌwən ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bɪld ðɛr hoʊm ðɛr. ɪt wɑz ə ˈvɛri bæd idea.”*.” ˈʧɛrɪti, 41 ənd reɪzd ɪn, sɛd ˈhoʊˌmoʊnərz ˈrɛrli ˈmɛnʃənd ðə slaɪdz. wɪn ðeɪ dɪd, ðə ˈkɔrsɪŋ məd wɑz kənˈsɪdərd ə smɔl dɪsˈrəpʃən, mɔr əv ən əˈnɔɪəns ðən ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈprɑbləm. soʊ ˈkɑntɛnt wɪθ ðə ˈbjutəfəl pleɪs wɛr ðeɪ lɪv, ðeɪ θɪŋk ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wʊd happen,”*,” sɛd. sɛd ʃi hɛlpt klɪr dəˈbri frəm ðə 2006 ˈmədslaɪd wɪn ʃi wɑz ə ˌvɑlənˈtɪr ˈfaɪrˌfaɪtər. ðə θɔt ðət əˈnəðər slaɪd kʊd kəm ðət wɑz fɑr wərs ˈnɛvər əˈkərd tɪ hər. wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ kəmˈpɛrd tɪ this,”*,” ʃi sɛd. steɪt ʤiˈɑləʤɪsts ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðə ˈvɑljum əv ðə mɑrʧ 22 slaɪd æt əˈbaʊt 7 ˈmɪljən ˈkjubɪk jɑrdz, ˈkəvərɪŋ ən ˈɛriə ˈikwəl tɪ 545 ˈfʊtˌbɔl fildz ənd sɪks fit dip ɪn pɑrts. ɛz boʊld wɪθ frɛndz ˈθərzˌdeɪ æt ˈrɑkət ˈæli bɑr ənd grɪl ɪn ˈɑrlɪŋtən, ðə ˈlɑrʤəst taʊn ˈnɪrˈbaɪ, ˌriˈæləˌti sæŋk ɪn. bɪn ˈoʊvər ðɪs ɪn maɪ hɛd ˈmɛni taɪmz ɪn ðə læst faɪv days,”*,” sɛd. noʊ kloʊz tɪ 20 ˈpipəl hu ər ˈmɪsɪŋ ənd bɪn found.”*.” ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ə ˈfæməli əv fɔr hu oʊn ə stɔr əˈkrɔs frəm ðə skul wɛr wərks. wɪn ʃi θɔt əv ðə tu ˈlɪtəl bɔɪz, ˈlæfɪŋ ənd pleɪɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ɪn ðə spərɪŋ, hər aɪz ˈstɑrtɪd ˈwɛlɪŋ wɪθ tɪrz. noʊ ˈnɛvər goʊɪŋ tɪ hir ðɛm ˈlæfɪŋ again,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ðɛn ʃi kɔt hərˈsɛlf. ʃʊd ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv hope,”*,” ʃi sɛd. bət hər ɪkˈsprɛʃən rɪˈflɛktɪd ðə grɪm ˌriˈæləˌti ðət həz wɑʃt ˈoʊvər ðɪs ˈkaʊnti. ʃi filz dip daʊn ðət ɔl ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ ər dɛd, bət brɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf tɪ seɪ ɪt aʊt loud.”*.” ˈæftər ə ˈtræʤədi rɪt lɑrʤ, ˌdɪsbɪˈlif ənd grif ˈɔfən tərn tɪ ˈæŋgər ənd ə dɪˈmænd fər əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti. ɔˈrɛdi, səm ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz hæv ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ˈloʊkəl ənd steɪt əˈfɪʃəlz fər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɔn ðə ˈmaʊntən. ˈdeɪvɪd mɑntˈgəmri, ə prəˈfɛsər əv ʤiˈɑləʤi æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, sɛd kˈwɛsʧənz məst bi æst, bət hi ɪz nɑt ʃʊr bleɪm ɪz dɪˈzərvd. prɪˈdɪktɪŋ ˈmədslaɪdz ɪz laɪk ˈfɔrˌkæstɪŋ ðə ˈwɛðər ər ən ˈərθkˌweɪk, hi sɛd. ðə saɪəns ɪz nɑt ɪgˈzækt. mɑntˈgəmri preɪzd ˈmɪlər, ə ˈkɑlig, bɪˈkəz hɪz 1999 priˈdɪkʃən əˈpɪrz prəˈfɛtɪk ɪn ˈhaɪnˌsaɪt. bət ˈmɪlər hæd noʊ weɪ əv noʊɪŋ wɪn hɪz priˈdɪkʃən wʊd kəm tru, ənd hi dɪd nɑt teɪk ðə ˈædɪd stɛp əv ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪŋ wɛr dəˈbri wʊd floʊ wɪn ðə slaɪd ˈhæpənd. ə rɪˈpɔrt səʧ ɛz ðət maɪt hæv ˈgɔtən ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ˈpɑləsiˌmeɪkərz, hi sɛd. ənd ðɛn əˈgɛn, ɪt maɪt nɑt hæv. ʤiˈɑləʤɪsts hæv rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈlænsˌlaɪdz əraʊnd siˈætəl fər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz, bət daɪər ˈwɔrnɪŋz əˈbaʊt ˈʃeɪki graʊnd ɪn ðɛr rɪˈpɔrts ər nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈgritɪd ɛz gʊd nuz. ɪt kən hərt ˈhoʊmˌbɪldɪŋ ənd ˈbɪznɪsɪz ðət ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt tæks ˈɪnˌkəm. rəˈgɑrdləs əv hu ɪz tɪ bleɪm, mɑntˈgəmri sɛd, ðə steɪt ənd ˈəðər ˈsteɪˌkhoʊldərz məst du ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪz ˈnidɪd tɪ ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ʤiˈɑləʤi əv ɪts ˈmaʊntənz ənd hɪlz. hæv tɪ juz ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə tru ˈhæzərd ˈɛriəz ənd zones,”*,” wɛr ðə kæˈskeɪdɪŋ dəˈbri ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ goʊ. wɪn ðə ˈmaʊntən bɪˈgæn tɪ muv ɔn ən ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈrɪvər, ɪt ˈsaʊndɪd ə 747 ʤɛt wɑz dɪˈrɛkli overhead,”*,” sɛd ˈlæŋtən, 30 ʃi wɑz ˈfidɪŋ hər ˈbeɪbi wɪn ɪt ˈstɑrtɪd. hər kɪdz pleɪɪŋ ˈaʊtˈdɔrz jɛld fər hər tɪ kəm aʊt. raɪt əˈweɪ, ʃi nu ˈsəmθɪŋ wɑz wɪrd. wɑz ðɪs greɪ klaʊd ənd ðɛn aɪ sɔ ɪt ˈteɪkɪŋ aʊt triz 100 æt ə time,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ˈstɑrtɪd ˈskrimɪŋ fər maɪ kɪdz tɪ gɪt aʊt əv ðɛr. ˈskrimɪŋ, ə mudslide!’*!’ wɪˈθɪn ˈmɪnəts, ðə rɔr wɑz gɔn, ənd ˈlæŋtən ˈoʊpənd ðə bæk dɔr. lʊkt aʊt ɔn kəmˈplit devastation,”*,” ʃi sɛd. hərd tu ˈleɪdiz ˈʃaʊtɪŋ fər hɛlp. aɪ hərd əˈnəðər vɔɪs ˈskrimɪŋ, ‘‘help.’*.’ aɪ si ɪm. aɪ sɛd, ‘‘sir*, kʊd ju reɪz jʊr ɑrmz soʊ aɪ kən si you?’*?’ hi sɛd hi ˈoʊnli hæd wən ɑrm. ðə ˈəðər wən wɑz ʤɪst ˈhæŋɪŋ there.”*.” ʃi hɛlpt ˈrɛskju ðɛm. naʊ ʃi lɪvz ɪn ə ˈbeɪsmənt əv ə hoʊm, bɪˈkəz hər haʊs ɪz ˈflədɪd. hər ˈhəzbənd, krɪs, ɪz əˈməŋ ðə ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz sˈlɑgɪŋ θru ðə məd ɪn ðə ˈpɛltɪŋ reɪn ənd wɪnd tɪ faɪnd hɪz ˈneɪbərz. hi ˈrɛrli tɔks əˈbaʊt wət hi siz. ə ˈlɪtəl ˈlɔgɪŋ community,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ər soʊ ˈmɛni ˈmɪsɪŋ, soʊ ˈmɛni dɛd. wi ˈdɛfənətli fil gɑd prəˈtɛktɪd ˈjuˈɛs. maɪ haʊs ɪz gɔn. maɪ aʊt ðɛr ˈdɪgɪŋ fər bodies.”*.” ˈrɪʧərd ˈʤɑnsən ɪn ənd ˈʤuli teɪt ənd ˈælɪs kraɪts ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt.

want to download torrents on ipad at full speed, but afraid of your ios device? wondering if you can download torrents on your iphone without? well, that should not be a problem if you follow the method featured in this article. introduction previously, i had written a post featuring the best torrent app for an iphone. in that i had mentioned a much easier way to download torrents on your iphone, ipad or even on an ipod touch. but a catch in that. these torrent downloading apps can be installed only on a ios device from third party app stores like cydia. this can be a problem to some ios users for whom may be a strict no-no. however, the good news is that, there is a work around to this problem. in this article i am sharing a new idea that would help you download torrents on your ios device without the need of a. what are torrents? torrenting is a file sharing protocol on the internet that is fundamentally different from all other ways of downloading a file. in the traditional way of downloading a file, a file can only be downloaded from a single source on the internet. however, in torrents’ case, a file can be downloaded, bit by bit, from the source of upload as well as from fellows. hence, by using up multiple sources of downloading simultaneously, torrents can potentially increase the speed of download of a file when compared to direct downloads. while downloading a torrent file there are three types of sharing sources that you will come across. users who have completed their download and are it for others to download are called. the more a file has, the faster the download is bound to complete. users who only have a portion of the file, but are uploading it and downloading the rest at the same time are called peers. peers are very useful in increasing the overall speed of downloading a torrent file. users who have just started downloading the torrent and have no portion of it to share with the others are called leechers. the torrent files themselves are just trackers that keep track of the different download locations in real time. they manage the seeding and of a file to different computers. why torrent? the internet has developed rapidly in the past two decades, but not everyone can afford a high-speed internet connection yet. as a result, slower internet speeds may make it cumbersome for such users to download heavy sized files. in that context torrents have emerged as the easiest means to share files among multiple internet users. additionally, the speed of downloading torrents may not be limited to your speed. using proper porting techniques anyone may get download speeds that are much faster than what they are otherwise used to. no torrent clients in app store android users have access to loads of torrent clients such as and on play store. these apps can download torrents without or root on android devices. at the same time, ios users struggle to find even a single such app in app store. the reason? well, over the years apple has been keen on implementing copy right infringement laws a tad more seriously than many of its rivals in the tech industry. the curators of app store try very hard not to allow apps to enter the ios platform. and they do succeed in their efforts for the most part. that’s where ios comes into the picture. a number of commonly used features that ios users are otherwise deprived of. one such feature would be the ability to download third party apps like. but, if you are one of those users who are skeptical of your device then the following guide is for you. use it to simply download torrents on ipad without. how to download torrents on ipad (ios) in this guide we are going to use a download manager such as ‘idownloader’ or ‘uc browser’. we shall use this manager to download torrents so that no is required as promised earlier. we will also use two other websites in the process to download torrents at high speeds. requirements before downloading torrents on ipad 1. install a download manager like or browser that can be quickly downloaded from app store within a minute or two. 2. secondly, you will need a torrent website for browsing and saving the torrents you would like to download. for this you will have to look for a torrent website that is online or active. a simple google search for active torrent sites should suffice. steps to download torrents on ipad step 1 : open or browser on your touch and open the internet browser given in that app. browsers of different download managers work differently. step 2 : go to any working torrent site. here, we have used “piratebay” as an example. you can use any working torrent site of your choice. in that torrent site, search for the legal torrent you want to download. step 3 : long tap the download link of that particular torrent. step 4 : you will get a with 3 options ‘open’, ‘copy’, ‘cancel’. select ‘copy‘ by tapping on it. step 5 : now, open a new tab on your browser and go to www.zbigz.com. step 6 : on the website see a field. paste the torrent link (which you had copied in step 4) in there and tap on the go button. step 7 : wait for a moment. will now create the download link. step 8 : after you get the link, just tap on the download button in the shape of a “down-arrow” which is located beside the file name. you should see these three options ‘download’, ‘open’ and ‘copy link’. choose the ‘download‘ option in order to download the file to your ipad. alternatively, you can just tap on the download icon in the shape of an ‘up-arrow’ at the bottom of the page in. the downloaded file is stored in the ‘files‘ segment of. that’s it. you have now successfully downloaded a torrent file to your without having to it. update it is common practice to use ‘safari‘ in the process of downloading files from sites like. but, the safari browser sometimes downloads the files and other times streams them directly, which can be a problem. so, sticking to the likes of browser and can be the better option. got a question? please feel free to voice out in the comments below.

wɔnt tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈtɔrənts ɔn ˈaɪˌpæd æt fʊl spid, bət əˈfreɪd əv jʊr ˈioʊs dɪˈvaɪs? ˈwəndərɪŋ ɪf ju kən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈtɔrənts ɔn jʊr ˈaɪˌfoʊn wɪˈθaʊt? wɛl, ðət ʃʊd nɑt bi ə ˈprɑbləm ɪf ju ˈfɑloʊ ðə ˈmɛθəd ˈfiʧərd ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl. ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən ˈpriviəsli, aɪ hæd ˈrɪtən ə poʊst ˈfiʧərɪŋ ðə bɛst ˈtɔrənt æp fər ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn. ɪn ðət aɪ hæd ˈmɛnʃənd ə məʧ ˈiziər weɪ tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈtɔrənts ɔn jʊr ˈaɪˌfoʊn, ˈaɪˌpæd ər ˈivɪn ɔn ən ˈaɪˌpɔd təʧ. bət ə kæʧ ɪn ðət. ðiz ˈtɔrənt ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ æps kən bi ˌɪnˈstɔld ˈoʊnli ɔn ə ˈioʊs dɪˈvaɪs frəm θərd ˈpɑrti æp stɔrz laɪk cydia*. ðɪs kən bi ə ˈprɑbləm tɪ səm ˈioʊs ˈjuzərz fər hum meɪ bi ə strɪkt no-no*. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə gʊd nuz ɪz ðət, ðɛr ɪz ə wərk əraʊnd tɪ ðɪs ˈprɑbləm. ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl aɪ æm ˈʃɛrɪŋ ə nu aɪˈdiə ðət wʊd hɛlp ju ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈtɔrənts ɔn jʊr ˈioʊs dɪˈvaɪs wɪˈθaʊt ðə nid əv ə. wət ər ˈtɔrənts? ɪz ə faɪl ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈproʊtəˌkɔl ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ðət ɪz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli ˈdɪfərənt frəm ɔl ˈəðər weɪz əv ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ə faɪl. ɪn ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl weɪ əv ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ə faɪl, ə faɪl kən ˈoʊnli bi ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd frəm ə ˈsɪŋgəl sɔrs ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn torrents’*’ keɪs, ə faɪl kən bi ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd, bɪt baɪ bɪt, frəm ðə sɔrs əv ˈəˌploʊd ɛz wɛl ɛz frəm ˈfɛloʊ downloaders*. hɛns, baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ əp ˈməltəpəl ˈsɔrsəz əv ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli, ˈtɔrənts kən pəˈtɛnʃəli ˌɪnˈkris ðə spid əv ˈdaʊnˌloʊd əv ə faɪl wɪn kəmˈpɛrd tɪ dɪˈrɛkt ˈdaʊnˌloʊdz. waɪl ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ə ˈtɔrənt faɪl ðɛr ər θri taɪps əv ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈsɔrsəz ðət ju wɪl kəm əˈkrɔs. ˈjuzərz hu hæv kəmˈplitɪd ðɛr ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ənd ər ɪt fər ˈəðərz tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ər kɔld. ðə mɔr ə faɪl həz, ðə ˈfæstər ðə ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɪz baʊnd tɪ kəmˈplit. ˈjuzərz hu ˈoʊnli hæv ə ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə faɪl, bət ər ˈəˌploʊdɪŋ ɪt ənd ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ðə rɛst æt ðə seɪm taɪm ər kɔld pɪrz. pɪrz ər ˈvɛri ˈjusfəl ɪn ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl spid əv ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ə ˈtɔrənt faɪl. ˈjuzərz hu hæv ʤɪst ˈstɑrtɪd ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ðə ˈtɔrənt ənd hæv noʊ ˈpɔrʃən əv ɪt tɪ ʃɛr wɪθ ðə ˈəðərz ər kɔld leechers*. ðə ˈtɔrənt faɪlz ðɛmˈsɛlvz ər ʤɪst ˈtrækərz ðət kip træk əv ðə ˈdɪfərənt ˈdaʊnˌloʊd loʊˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ril taɪm. ðeɪ ˈmænɪʤ ðə ˈsidɪŋ ənd əv ə faɪl tɪ ˈdɪfərənt kəmˈpjutərz. waɪ ˈtɔrənt? ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈræpədli ɪn ðə pæst tu ˈdɛkeɪdz, bət nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən kən əˈfɔrd ə ˈhaɪˌspid ˈɪntərˌnɛt kəˈnɛkʃən jɛt. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, sloʊər ˈɪntərˌnɛt spidz meɪ meɪk ɪt ˈkəmbərsəm fər səʧ ˈjuzərz tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈhɛvi saɪzd faɪlz. ɪn ðət ˈkɑntɛkst ˈtɔrənts hæv ˈimərʤd ɛz ðə ˈiziəst minz tɪ ʃɛr faɪlz əˈməŋ ˈməltəpəl ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈjuzərz. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ðə spid əv ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ˈtɔrənts meɪ nɑt bi ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ jʊr spid. ˈjuzɪŋ ˈprɑpər ˈpɔrtɪŋ tɛkˈniks ˈɛniˌwən meɪ gɪt ˈdaʊnˌloʊd spidz ðət ər məʧ ˈfæstər ðən wət ðeɪ ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz juzd tɪ. noʊ ˈtɔrənt klaɪənts ɪn æp stɔr ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈjuzərz hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ loʊdz əv ˈtɔrənt klaɪənts səʧ ɛz ənd ɔn pleɪ stɔr. ðiz æps kən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈtɔrənts wɪˈθaʊt ər rut ɔn ˈænˌdrɔɪd dɪˈvaɪsɪz. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈioʊs ˈjuzərz ˈstrəgəl tɪ faɪnd ˈivɪn ə ˈsɪŋgəl səʧ æp ɪn æp stɔr. ðə ˈrizən? wɛl, ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz ˈæpəl həz bɪn kin ɔn ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ˈkɑpi raɪt ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt lɔz ə tæd mɔr ˈsɪriəsli ðən ˈmɛni əv ɪts ˈraɪvəlz ɪn ðə tɛk ˈɪndəstri. ðə ˈkjʊrətərz əv æp stɔr traɪ ˈvɛri hɑrd nɑt tɪ əˈlaʊ æps tɪ ˈɛnər ðə ˈioʊs ˈplætˌfɔrm. ənd ðeɪ du səkˈsid ɪn ðɛr ˈɛfərts fər ðə moʊst pɑrt. wɛr ˈioʊs kəmz ˈɪntu ðə ˈpɪkʧər. ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkɑmənli juzd ˈfiʧərz ðət ˈioʊs ˈjuzərz ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz dɪˈpraɪvd əv. wən səʧ ˈfiʧər wʊd bi ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd θərd ˈpɑrti æps laɪk. bət, ɪf ju ər wən əv ðoʊz ˈjuzərz hu ər ˈskɛptɪkəl əv jʊr dɪˈvaɪs ðɛn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ gaɪd ɪz fər ju. juz ɪt tɪ ˈsɪmpli ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈtɔrənts ɔn ˈaɪˌpæd wɪˈθaʊt. haʊ tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈtɔrənts ɔn ˈaɪˌpæd (ˈioʊs) ɪn ðɪs gaɪd wi ər goʊɪŋ tɪ juz ə ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈmænɪʤər səʧ ɛz ‘‘idownloader’*’ ər browser’*’. wi ʃæl juz ðɪs ˈmænɪʤər tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈtɔrənts soʊ ðət noʊ ɪz rikˈwaɪərd ɛz ˈprɑməst ˈərliər. wi wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ juz tu ˈəðər ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈtɔrənts æt haɪ spidz. rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ˌbiˈfɔr ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ˈtɔrənts ɔn ˈaɪˌpæd 1 ˌɪnˈstɔl ə ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈmænɪʤər laɪk ər ˈbraʊzər ðət kən bi kˈwɪkli ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd frəm æp stɔr wɪˈθɪn ə ˈmɪnət ər tu. 2 ˈsɛkəndli, ju wɪl nid ə ˈtɔrənt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt fər ˈbraʊzɪŋ ənd ˈseɪvɪŋ ðə ˈtɔrənts ju wʊd laɪk tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd. fər ðɪs ju wɪl hæv tɪ lʊk fər ə ˈtɔrənt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ðət ɪz ˈɔnˌlaɪn ər ˈæktɪv. ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈgugəl sərʧ fər ˈæktɪv ˈtɔrənt saɪts ʃʊd səˈfaɪs. stɛps tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈtɔrənts ɔn ˈaɪˌpæd stɛp 1 ˈoʊpən ər ˈbraʊzər ɔn jʊr təʧ ənd ˈoʊpən ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈbraʊzər ˈgɪvɪn ɪn ðət æp. ˈbraʊzərz əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈmænɪʤərz wərk ˈdɪfərˈɛntli. stɛp 2 goʊ tɪ ˈɛni ˈwərkɪŋ ˈtɔrənt saɪt. hir, wi hæv juzd ““piratebay”*” ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl. ju kən juz ˈɛni ˈwərkɪŋ ˈtɔrənt saɪt əv jʊr ʧɔɪs. ɪn ðət ˈtɔrənt saɪt, sərʧ fər ðə ˈligəl ˈtɔrənt ju wɔnt tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd. stɛp 3 lɔŋ tæp ðə ˈdaʊnˌloʊd lɪŋk əv ðət ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈtɔrənt. stɛp 4 ju wɪl gɪt ə wɪθ 3 ˈɔpʃənz ‘‘open’*’, ‘‘copy’*’, ‘‘cancel’*’. səˈlɛkt ‘‘copy‘*‘ baɪ ˈtæpɪŋ ɔn ɪt. stɛp 5 naʊ, ˈoʊpən ə nu tæb ɔn jʊr ˈbraʊzər ənd goʊ tɪ www.zbigz.com*. stɛp 6 ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt si ə fild. peɪst ðə ˈtɔrənt lɪŋk (wɪʧ ju hæd ˈkɑpid ɪn stɛp 4 ɪn ðɛr ənd tæp ɔn ðə goʊ ˈbətən. stɛp 7 weɪt fər ə ˈmoʊmənt. wɪl naʊ kriˈeɪt ðə ˈdaʊnˌloʊd lɪŋk. stɛp 8 ˈæftər ju gɪt ðə lɪŋk, ʤɪst tæp ɔn ðə ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈbətən ɪn ðə ʃeɪp əv ə ““down-arrow”*” wɪʧ ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ˌbiˈsaɪd ðə faɪl neɪm. ju ʃʊd si ðiz θri ˈɔpʃənz ‘‘download’*’, ‘‘open’*’ ənd link’*’. ʧuz ðə ‘‘download‘*‘ ˈɔpʃən ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə faɪl tɪ jʊr ˈaɪˌpæd. ɔlˈtərnətɪvli, ju kən ʤɪst tæp ɔn ðə ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈaɪkɑn ɪn ðə ʃeɪp əv ən ‘‘up-arrow’*’ æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə peɪʤ ɪn. ðə ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd faɪl ɪz stɔrd ɪn ðə ‘‘files‘*‘ ˌsɛgˈmɛnt əv. ɪt. ju hæv naʊ səkˈsɛsfəli ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd ə ˈtɔrənt faɪl tɪ jʊr wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ ɪt. ˈəpˌdeɪt ɪt ɪz ˈkɑmən ˈpræktɪs tɪ juz ‘‘safari‘*‘ ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ faɪlz frəm saɪts laɪk. bət, ðə səˈfɑri ˈbraʊzər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈdaʊnˌloʊdz ðə faɪlz ənd ˈəðər taɪmz strimz ðɛm dɪˈrɛkli, wɪʧ kən bi ə ˈprɑbləm. soʊ, ˈstɪkɪŋ tɪ ðə laɪks əv ˈbraʊzər ənd kən bi ðə ˈbɛtər ˈɔpʃən. gɑt ə kˈwɛʃən? pliz fil fri tɪ vɔɪs aʊt ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts bɪˈloʊ.

tokyo he was celebrated as a prolific musical genius whose compositions appeared in popular video games and the competition routine of a top figure skater in the coming sochi olympics. his deafness won him praise as beethoven. it turns out his magnum opus was his own masquerade. on thursday, japan learned that one of its most popular musical figures,, 50, had staged an elaborate hoax in which someone else had secretly written his most famous compositions, and that he had perhaps even faked his hearing disability. across a nation long captivated by western classical music, people reacted with remorse, outrage and even the rare threat of a lawsuit after mr. revelations that he had hired a since the to compose most of his music. the anger turned to disbelief when the himself came forward to accuse mr. of faking his deafness, apparently to win public sympathy and shape the beethoven persona. the scandal began on wednesday, when mr. publicly confessed that someone else had written his most famous works. these include symphony no. 1 “hiroshima,” about the 1945 atomic bombing of his home city, which became a classical music hit in japan; the theme music for the video games resident evil and onimusha; and for violin, which the japanese olympic figure skater takahashi is scheduled to use in his performance in sochi.

ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ hi wɑz ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ɛz ə proʊˈlɪfɪk mˈjuzɪkəl ˈʤinjəs huz ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃənz əˈpɪrd ɪn ˈpɑpjələr ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz ənd ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ruˈtin əv ə tɔp ˈfɪgjər ˈskeɪtər ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ ˈsoʊʧi oʊˈlɪmpɪks. hɪz ˈdɛfnəs wən ɪm preɪz ɛz ˈbeɪtoʊvən. ɪt tərnz aʊt hɪz ˈmægnəm ˈoʊpəs wɑz hɪz oʊn ˌmæskərˈeɪd. ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ʤəˈpæn ˈlərnɪd ðət wən əv ɪts moʊst ˈpɑpjələr mˈjuzɪkəl ˈfɪgjərz,, 50 hæd steɪʤd ən ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt hoʊks ɪn wɪʧ ˈsəmˌwən ɛls hæd ˈsikrɪtli ˈrɪtən hɪz moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃənz, ənd ðət hi hæd pərˈhæps ˈivɪn feɪkt hɪz ˈhirɪŋ ˌdɪsəˈbɪlɪti. əˈkrɔs ə ˈneɪʃən lɔŋ ˈkæptɪˌveɪtɪd baɪ ˈwɛstərn ˈklæsɪkəl mˈjuzɪk, ˈpipəl riˈæktɪd wɪθ rɪˈmɔrs, ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ənd ˈivɪn ðə rɛr θrɛt əv ə ˈlɔˌsut ˈæftər ˈmɪstər. ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz ðət hi hæd haɪərd ə sɪns ðə tɪ kəmˈpoʊz moʊst əv hɪz mˈjuzɪk. ðə ˈæŋgər tərnd tɪ ˌdɪsbɪˈlif wɪn ðə hɪmˈsɛlf keɪm ˈfɔrwərd tɪ əˈkjuz ˈmɪstər. əv ˈfeɪkɪŋ hɪz ˈdɛfnəs, əˈpɛrəntli tɪ wɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈsɪmpəθi ənd ʃeɪp ðə ˈbeɪtoʊvən pərˈsoʊnə. ðə ˈskændəl bɪˈgæn ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, wɪn ˈmɪstər. ˈpəblɪkli kənˈfɛst ðət ˈsəmˌwən ɛls hæd ˈrɪtən hɪz moʊst ˈfeɪməs wərks. ðiz ˌɪnˈklud ˈsɪmfəni noʊ. 1 ““hiroshima,”*,” əˈbaʊt ðə 1945 əˈtɑmɪk ˈbɑmɪŋ əv hɪz hoʊm ˈsɪti, wɪʧ bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈklæsɪkəl mˈjuzɪk hɪt ɪn ʤəˈpæn; ðə θim mˈjuzɪk fər ðə ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz ˈrɛzɪdənt ˈivəl ənd onimusha*; ənd fər vaɪəˈlɪn, wɪʧ ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈfɪgjər ˈskeɪtər tɑkɑˈhɑʃi ɪz ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ juz ɪn hɪz pərˈfɔrməns ɪn ˈsoʊʧi.

by ray several weeks ago, margaret began seeing a local psychiatrist in her city of seattle washington. dr. ahmed abdullah rahman is a licensed psychiatrist who originally practiced in mecca, saudi arabia. he has been practicing psychiatric medicine in the us for more than 10 years. after one session, according to mrs., dr. rahman stunned her by suggesting that she was suffering from “disobedient wife disorder.” the treatment for “disobedient wife disorder” (or), which is even more controversial, involves light beatings using a stick called a “miswak.” the punishment is administered by the husband, along with verbal admonitions from him for his wife to be obedient, or to end her rebellion. the practice is designed, allegedly, not to injure a woman or to harm her, but to shame and humiliate her into compliance. the controversial treatment is allegedly about “bringing the woman back to her senses and back to reality” according to one booklet on the topic. “disobedient wife disorder” remains a controversial diagnosis, sparking strong feelings among those on both sides of the issue. most of the psychiatrists in the west who do accept the existence of are muslim, and this fact is often cited by and reactionaries. the american psychiatric association, as well as the american psychological association, both reject the diagnosis. when i began writing this article, margaret was suing dr. rahman for medical malpractice. according to mrs. “i have always been progressive and strongly anti-racist. i have a prejudiced bone in my entire body! when i learned that dr. ahmed was a devout saudi muslim, that he had a special room just for praying in his office, and that the government of saudi arabia expelled him from their country for alleged ‘extremist’ activities and associations, i judge. this has nothing to do with dr. religion; this is about discrimination against women and medical malpractice. for a male doctor to tell me that i have “disobedient wife disorder”, and that i require beatings from my husband, is outrageous and intolerable. this about islam at all; about male-chauvinism. islam is a beautiful religion of peace and moderation practiced by millions of people around the world.” when i asked dr. rahman for his comment, responding to mrs.’s quote, he stated that “i am a devout muslim. i strongly object and take exception to mrs.’s statement that my treatment has nothing to do with islam. islam fully informs my practice as a doctor, and (god-willing), i hope it informs everything i do in this life. i was trying to help her and her husband and family in sincerity as a muslim psychiatrist. i never had any malicious intent. i believe in the hippocratic oath; i will not do any harm. if i failed to warn mrs. as to her mental sickness, i would be negligent in my responsibilities! she is a very sickly disobedient woman. she needs help very badly. i hope her husband helps her soon.” when i pointed out that many reputable psychiatrists reject the existence of, dr. rahman responded, “some in the west reject my treatments and advice. as a matter of fact i think most do. the fact is, while most american psychiatrists deny the existence of disobedient wife disorder, they now label homophobia a mental illness! if you think homosexuality is wrong, they say you are mentally ill and need treatment! they say, if you want to ‘experiment’ with homosexual activity, you cannot know that you enjoy it! these people are sick and evil, not me as a muslim psychiatrist or my practice! they should be sued, not me, by allah, i swear it!” i tried very patiently and calmly to explain to dr. rahman that homosexuals are born that way, and that it is just as valid, moral and healthy to be homosexual as it is to be heterosexual or any other sexual orientation. dr. rahman became enraged, and told me that “homosexuals will dwell in the fires of hell, so too will all their advocates! there is only one god, allah, and muhammed is his prophet! get out now, you deviancy defending degenerate! get out! i let you infect my patients with your satanic mental diseases.” dr. rahman then opened the door demanding again that i leave his office. i complied and walked outside. reflecting on the events, i wanted to believe that some kind of misunderstanding occurred. could this all be some sort of cultural or religious misunderstanding or snafu? is it possible that some muslims actually believe a husband should command his wife, rather than marriage being an equal partnership, and that if she disobeys, it is ok to hit her? i refused to believe it. no, it has to be a or a miscommunication. islam is a religion of peace and not violence. i vowed to investigate the matter further. i contacted king saud university, in riyadh saudi arabia. i spoke with professor tariq aziz at length on the phone. prof. aziz explained to me that i had not misunderstood. disobedient wife disorder is an accurate translation of the arabic name for the condition in question. beating a rebellious wife with a a small stick, and demanding that she cease her rebellion, is the prescribed treatment. i was stunned. i asked prof. aziz how he could possibly consider this practicing medicine. he told me that this treatment has its source in the hadith, an old collection of alleged sayings of the prophet muhammed, handed down orally and then codified into written form. i read several booklets about disobedient wife disorder before i reached the obvious conclusion. actually was fairly new. it until the that was officially classified as a mental disorder by psychiatrists in the middle east. no doubt, it was under chauvinistic influence. while the idea of punishing a disobedient wife may have some basis in obscure islamic writings, the idea of treating this as a mental illness was something new. it was clearly the result of western influence! i discovered through my research that originally, middle eastern psychiatrists relied heavily on associations from abroad, including the american psychiatric association, for their information and knowledge! the next day, i contacted margaret and explained my research to her. she cordially agreed to drop all charges against dr. rahman, and instead to sue the real culprit. margaret is now suing the american psychiatric association. we both agreed that obviously the failed to adequately explain the discipline of psychiatry to middle eastern psychiatrists now practicing in the us. it was, in reality, their fault that disobedient wife disorder was being propagated as a diagnosis. fortunately, a great injustice against a was averted through some investigative journalism. margaret personally called dr. rahman to apologize for initially attempting to sue him. dr. rahman, understandably still stinging from the threatened lawsuit, hung up on her, after calling her a “lowly sharmootah” before adding “i feel very sorry for your unfortunate husband.” of course, the anger is perfectly understandable given the misunderstanding that transpired. mrs., realizes that she almost brought about a major injustice against an innocent immigrant doctor. wishing to cleanse herself of her misdeed, she has decided to donate a large sum of money to an islamic charity. fortunately, in a world where so much has gone wrong, some stories still have happy endings. it is events like these that make me especially proud to be a writer for diversity chronicle, knowing that we are making a real difference in the world. copyright 2014 diversity chronicle all rights reserved. advertisements

baɪ reɪ ˈsɛvərəl wiks əˈgoʊ, ˈmɑrgərɪt bɪˈgæn siɪŋ ə ˈloʊkəl səˈkaɪətrəst ɪn hər ˈsɪti əv siˈætəl ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. ˈdɑktər. ˈɑmɛd ˌæbˈdələ ˈrɑmən ɪz ə ˈlaɪsənst səˈkaɪətrəst hu ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpræktɪst ɪn ˈmɛkə, ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə. hi həz bɪn ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk ˈmɛdəsən ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs fər mɔr ðən 10 jɪrz. ˈæftər wən ˈsɛʃən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmɪsɪz., ˈdɑktər. ˈrɑmən stənd hər baɪ səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ʃi wɑz ˈsəfərɪŋ frəm waɪf disorder.”*.” ðə ˈtritmənt fər waɪf disorder”*” (ər), wɪʧ ɪz ˈivɪn mɔr ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl, ˌɪnˈvɑlvz laɪt ˈbitɪŋz ˈjuzɪŋ ə stɪk kɔld ə ““miswak.”*.” ðə ˈpənɪʃmənt ɪz ədˈmɪnɪstərd baɪ ðə ˈhəzbənd, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈvərbəl ˌædməˈnɪʃənz frəm ɪm fər hɪz waɪf tɪ bi oʊˈbidiənt, ər tɪ ɛnd hər rɪˈbɛljən. ðə ˈpræktɪs ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd, əˈlɛʤədli, nɑt tɪ ˈɪnʤər ə ˈwʊmən ər tɪ hɑrm hər, bət tɪ ʃeɪm ənd hjuˈmɪliˌeɪt hər ˈɪntu kəmˈplaɪəns. ðə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈtritmənt ɪz əˈlɛʤədli əˈbaʊt ðə ˈwʊmən bæk tɪ hər ˈsɛnsɪz ənd bæk tɪ reality”*” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wən ˈbʊklɪt ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk. waɪf disorder”*” rɪˈmeɪnz ə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsəs, ˈspɑrkɪŋ strɔŋ ˈfilɪŋz əˈməŋ ðoʊz ɔn boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə ˈɪʃu. moʊst əv ðə səˈkaɪətrəsts ɪn ðə wɛst hu du əkˈsɛpt ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ər ˈməzlɪm, ənd ðɪs fækt ɪz ˈɔfən ˈsaɪtɪd baɪ ənd riˈækʃəˌnɛriz. ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, boʊθ ˈriʤɛkt ðə ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsəs. wɪn aɪ bɪˈgæn ˈraɪtɪŋ ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, ˈmɑrgərɪt wɑz suɪŋ ˈdɑktər. ˈrɑmən fər ˈmɛdɪkəl mælˈpræktɪs. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmɪsɪz. hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn prəˈgrɛsɪv ənd ˈstrɔŋli anti-racist*. aɪ hæv ə ˈprɛʤədəst boʊn ɪn maɪ ɪnˈtaɪər ˈbɑdi! wɪn aɪ ˈlərnɪd ðət ˈdɑktər. ˈɑmɛd wɑz ə dɪˈvaʊt ˈsɔdi ˈməzlɪm, ðət hi hæd ə ˈspɛʃəl rum ʤɪst fər preɪɪŋ ɪn hɪz ˈɔfəs, ənd ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əv ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ɪkˈspɛld ɪm frəm ðɛr ˈkəntri fər əˈlɛʤd ‘‘extremist’*’ ækˈtɪvɪtiz ənd əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz, aɪ ʤəʤ. ðɪs həz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˈdɑktər. rɪˈlɪʤən; ðɪs ɪz əˈbaʊt dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən əˈgɛnst ˈwɪmən ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl mælˈpræktɪs. fər ə meɪl ˈdɔktər tɪ tɛl mi ðət aɪ hæv waɪf disorder”*”, ənd ðət aɪ ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈbitɪŋz frəm maɪ ˈhəzbənd, ɪz aʊˈtreɪʤəs ənd ˌɪnˈtɑlərəbəl. ðɪs əˈbaʊt ˌɪsˈlɑm æt ɔl; əˈbaʊt male-chauvinism*. ˌɪsˈlɑm ɪz ə ˈbjutəfəl rɪˈlɪʤən əv pis ənd ˌmɑdərˈeɪʃən ˈpræktɪst baɪ ˈmɪljənz əv ˈpipəl əraʊnd ðə world.”*.” wɪn aɪ æst ˈdɑktər. ˈrɑmən fər hɪz ˈkɑmɛnt, rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ˈmɪsɪz. kwoʊt, hi ˈsteɪtɪd ðət æm ə dɪˈvaʊt ˈməzlɪm. aɪ ˈstrɔŋli ˈɑbʤɛkt ənd teɪk ɪkˈsɛpʃən tɪ ˈmɪsɪz. ˈsteɪtmənt ðət maɪ ˈtritmənt həz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˌɪsˈlɑm. ˌɪsˈlɑm ˈfʊli ˌɪnˈfɔrmz maɪ ˈpræktɪs ɛz ə ˈdɔktər, ənd (god-willing*), aɪ hoʊp ɪt ˌɪnˈfɔrmz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ aɪ du ɪn ðɪs laɪf. aɪ wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ hɛlp hər ənd hər ˈhəzbənd ənd ˈfæməli ɪn sɪnˈsɛrəti ɛz ə ˈməzlɪm səˈkaɪətrəst. aɪ ˈnɛvər hæd ˈɛni məˈlɪʃəs ˌɪnˈtɛnt. aɪ bɪˈliv ɪn ðə hɪpəˈkrætɪk oʊθ; aɪ wɪl nɑt du ˈɛni hɑrm. ɪf aɪ feɪld tɪ wɔrn ˈmɪsɪz. ɛz tɪ hər ˈmɛntəl ˈsɪknəs, aɪ wʊd bi ˈnɛglɪʤənt ɪn maɪ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz! ʃi ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈsɪkli ˌdɪsəˈbidiənt ˈwʊmən. ʃi nidz hɛlp ˈvɛri ˈbædli. aɪ hoʊp hər ˈhəzbənd hɛlps hər soon.”*.” wɪn aɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ˈmɛni ˈrɛpjətəbəl səˈkaɪətrəsts ˈriʤɛkt ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv, ˈdɑktər. ˈrɑmən rɪˈspɑndɪd, ɪn ðə wɛst ˈriʤɛkt maɪ ˈtritmənts ənd ədˈvaɪs. ɛz ə ˈmætər əv fækt aɪ θɪŋk moʊst du. ðə fækt ɪz, waɪl moʊst əˈmɛrɪkən səˈkaɪətrəsts dɪˈnaɪ ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ˌdɪsəˈbidiənt waɪf dɪˈsɔrdər, ðeɪ naʊ ˈleɪbəl ˌhoʊməˈfoʊbiə ə ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəs! ɪf ju θɪŋk ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈæləˌti ɪz rɔŋ, ðeɪ seɪ ju ər ˈmɛnəli ɪl ənd nid ˈtritmənt! ðeɪ seɪ, ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ ‘‘experiment’*’ wɪθ ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti, ju ˈkænɑt noʊ ðət ju ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ɪt! ðiz ˈpipəl ər sɪk ənd ˈivəl, nɑt mi ɛz ə ˈməzlɪm səˈkaɪətrəst ər maɪ ˈpræktɪs! ðeɪ ʃʊd bi sud, nɑt mi, baɪ ˈɑlə, aɪ swɛr it!”*!” aɪ traɪd ˈvɛri ˈpeɪʃəntli ənd ˈkɑmli tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn tɪ ˈdɑktər. ˈrɑmən ðət ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkˌʃuəlz ər bɔrn ðət weɪ, ənd ðət ɪt ɪz ʤɪst ɛz ˈvælɪd, ˈmɔrəl ənd ˈhɛlθi tɪ bi ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl ɛz ɪt ɪz tɪ bi ˌhɛtəroʊˈsɛkˌʃuəl ər ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən. ˈdɑktər. ˈrɑmən bɪˈkeɪm ɪnˈreɪʤd, ənd toʊld mi ðət wɪl dwɛl ɪn ðə faɪərz əv hɛl, soʊ tu wɪl ɔl ðɛr ˈædvəˌkeɪts! ðɛr ɪz ˈoʊnli wən gɑd, ˈɑlə, ənd mʊˈhɑmɛd ɪz hɪz ˈprɑfət! gɪt aʊt naʊ, ju ˈdivjɛnsi dɪˈfɛndɪŋ dɪˈʤɛnərˌeɪt! gɪt aʊt! aɪ lɛt ju ˌɪnˈfɛkt maɪ ˈpeɪʃənz wɪθ jʊr səˈtænɪk ˈmɛntəl diseases.”*.” ˈdɑktər. ˈrɑmən ðɛn ˈoʊpənd ðə dɔr dɪˈmændɪŋ əˈgɛn ðət aɪ liv hɪz ˈɔfəs. aɪ kəmˈplaɪd ənd wɔkt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd. rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ɔn ðə ɪˈvɛnts, aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bɪˈliv ðət səm kaɪnd əv ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ əˈkərd. kʊd ðɪs ɔl bi səm sɔrt əv ˈkəlʧərəl ər rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ ər sˈnæfu? ɪz ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl ðət səm ˈməzlɪmz ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪˈliv ə ˈhəzbənd ʃʊd kəˈmænd hɪz waɪf, ˈrəðər ðən ˈmɛrɪʤ biɪŋ ən ˈikwəl ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp, ənd ðət ɪf ʃi disobeys*, ɪt ɪz ˈoʊˈkeɪ tɪ hɪt hər? aɪ rɪfˈjuzd tɪ bɪˈliv ɪt. noʊ, ɪt həz tɪ bi ə ər ə mɪskəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən. ˌɪsˈlɑm ɪz ə rɪˈlɪʤən əv pis ənd nɑt ˈvaɪələns. aɪ vaʊd tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðə ˈmætər ˈfərðər. aɪ ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd kɪŋ sɔd ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ɪn riɑd ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə. aɪ spoʊk wɪθ prəˈfɛsər ˌtɑˈrik əˈziz æt lɛŋθ ɔn ðə foʊn. prof*. əˈziz ɪkˈspleɪnd tɪ mi ðət aɪ hæd nɑt ˌmɪsəndərˈstʊd. ˌdɪsəˈbidiənt waɪf dɪˈsɔrdər ɪz ən ˈækjərət trænzˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˈɛrəbɪk neɪm fər ðə kənˈdɪʃən ɪn kˈwɛʃən. ˈbitɪŋ ə rɪˈbɛljəs waɪf wɪθ ə ə smɔl stɪk, ənd dɪˈmændɪŋ ðət ʃi sis hər rɪˈbɛljən, ɪz ðə priˈskraɪbd ˈtritmənt. aɪ wɑz stənd. aɪ æst prof*. əˈziz haʊ hi kʊd ˈpɑsəbli kənˈsɪdər ðɪs ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˈmɛdəsən. hi toʊld mi ðət ðɪs ˈtritmənt həz ɪts sɔrs ɪn ðə hadith*, ən oʊld kəˈlɛkʃən əv əˈlɛʤd seɪɪŋz əv ðə ˈprɑfət mʊˈhɑmɛd, ˈhændɪd daʊn ˈɔrəli ənd ðɛn ˈkɑdəˌfaɪd ˈɪntu ˈrɪtən fɔrm. aɪ rɛd ˈsɛvərəl ˈbʊklɪts əˈbaʊt ˌdɪsəˈbidiənt waɪf dɪˈsɔrdər ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ riʧt ðə ˈɑbviəs kənˈkluʒən. ˈæˌkʧuəli wɑz ˈfɛrli nu. ɪt ənˈtɪl ðə ðət wɑz əˈfɪʃəli ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz ə ˈmɛntəl dɪˈsɔrdər baɪ səˈkaɪətrəsts ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist. noʊ daʊt, ɪt wɑz ˈəndər ˌʧoʊvəˈnɪstɪk ˈɪnfluəns. waɪl ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈpənɪʃɪŋ ə ˌdɪsəˈbidiənt waɪf meɪ hæv səm ˈbeɪsɪs ɪn əbˈskjʊr ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈraɪtɪŋz, ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈtritɪŋ ðɪs ɛz ə ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəs wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ nu. ɪt wɑz ˈklɪrli ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈwɛstərn ˈɪnfluəns! aɪ dɪˈskəvərd θru maɪ ˈrisərʧ ðət ərˈɪʤənəli, ˈmɪdəl ˈistərn səˈkaɪətrəsts rɪˈlaɪd ˈhɛvəli ɔn əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz frəm əˈbrɔd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, fər ðɛr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈnɑlɪʤ! ðə nɛkst deɪ, aɪ ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ˈmɑrgərɪt ənd ɪkˈspleɪnd maɪ ˈrisərʧ tɪ hər. ʃi ˈkɔrʤəli əˈgrid tɪ drɔp ɔl ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst ˈdɑktər. ˈrɑmən, ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd tɪ su ðə ril ˈkəlprɪt. ˈmɑrgərɪt ɪz naʊ suɪŋ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. wi boʊθ əˈgrid ðət ˈɑbviəsli ðə feɪld tɪ ˈædəkwɪtli ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈdɪsəplən əv sɪˈkaɪətri tɪ ˈmɪdəl ˈistərn səˈkaɪətrəsts naʊ ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs. ɪt wɑz, ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, ðɛr fɔlt ðət ˌdɪsəˈbidiənt waɪf dɪˈsɔrdər wɑz biɪŋ ˈprɑpəˌgeɪtɪd ɛz ə ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsəs. ˈfɔrʧənətli, ə greɪt ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs əˈgɛnst ə wɑz əˈvərtəd θru səm ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm. ˈmɑrgərɪt ˈpərsənəli kɔld ˈdɑktər. ˈrɑmən tɪ əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz fər ˌɪˈnɪʃəli əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ su ɪm. ˈdɑktər. ˈrɑmən, ˌəndərˈstændəbli stɪl ˈstɪŋɪŋ frəm ðə θˈrɛtənd ˈlɔˌsut, həŋ əp ɔn hər, ˈæftər ˈkɔlɪŋ hər ə sharmootah”*” ˌbiˈfɔr ˈædɪŋ fil ˈvɛri ˈsɑri fər jʊr ənˈfɔrʧənət husband.”*.” əv kɔrs, ðə ˈæŋgər ɪz ˈpərfəktli ˌəndərˈstændəbəl ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ ðət trænˈspaɪərd. ˈmɪsɪz., ˈriəˌlaɪzɪz ðət ʃi ˈɔlˌmoʊst brɔt əˈbaʊt ə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs əˈgɛnst ən ˈɪnəsənt ˈɪməgrənt ˈdɔktər. ˈwɪʃɪŋ tɪ klɛnz hərˈsɛlf əv hər ˈmɪsˈdid, ʃi həz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈdoʊˌneɪt ə lɑrʤ səm əv ˈməni tɪ ən ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈʧɛrɪti. ˈfɔrʧənətli, ɪn ə wərld wɛr soʊ məʧ həz gɔn rɔŋ, səm ˈstɔriz stɪl hæv ˈhæpi ˈɛndɪŋz. ɪt ɪz ɪˈvɛnts laɪk ðiz ðət meɪk mi əˈspɛʃəli praʊd tɪ bi ə ˈraɪtər fər dɪˈvərsɪti ˈkrɑnɪkəl, noʊɪŋ ðət wi ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ril ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ðə wərld. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2014 dɪˈvərsɪti ˈkrɑnɪkəl ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd. ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts

the most popular article in the leading economics web archive concern tax policy, international trade, or the theory of the firm. about an online fantasy game. during the past year, nearly people have downloaded a economic analysis of, popular online fantasy world of. “virtual worlds: a account of market and society on the frontier,” by california state fullerton economics professor edward castronova, is the no. 1 article in the history of the economics research network, an internet library of tens of thousands of professional journals and research papers in economics. the article, which you can download here, not only outpaces the online works of every nobel laureate, it is also the popular article on the entire social science research network, which contains more than professional articles and abstracts in range of social sciences. for males over age 30 (me included) and almost all worlds are elaborate, multiplayer, online environments in which each actions can affect many others. at any given moment, or more people from more than 120 countries are online at, moving their personal “avatars”—wizards, trolls, women, and a dozen other the fanciful landscapes of. these dramas unfold on more than 40 dedicated sony servers, each accommodating up to players interacting with the program and each other. is only one of several popular multiplayer online games.” the oldest, ultima online, has players; and the largest, lineage, has more than 4 million subscribers, mostly in korea.) what intrigues castronova and other economists about the fact that more than people pay sony $13 a month to that something resembling a nascent economy has emerged in. inadvertently, has become a virtual experiment in some of the fundamental questions in economics: what are the necessary conditions for markets; how much government does capitalism require; and how do equality and inequality affect economic development? according to account of it, has something to gratify economists of all political stripes. for types, suggests that the conditions for vibrant markets to develop are pretty minimal. libertarians can delight that “government,” in the form of rules restricting a activity, is also limited in. and liberals can take heart that’s market and society rest on initial conditions of radical equality. the most basic condition for market activity built into is that resources in are limited. in particular, a player chooses his initial traits, but a character with the power to heal wounds, for example, will lack agility; and another smart enough to decipher codes will be physically weak. unlike real life, therefore, everyone in starts out with roughly equal resources. the second basic condition of economic life in this virtual world, as in our own, is that nothing is free. an initial assets enough to make much headway in the game, so players intent on navigating’s challenges have to work at either developing new skills or earning new assets. the intriguing part is that most players expand their assets and abilities not through violence or chicanery, the modus operandi of a typical computer game, but through virtual market transactions. hundreds of thousands of players spend most of their time in trading or cooperating with other avatars, buying goods from creatures (“bots”) built into the program, or using auction sites inside the game. to facilitate this, adopted two other key conditions from real economic life: a currency called “platinum pieces,” or, can be earned by completing various tasks, and there are rudimentary rules for buying, selling, and bartering. these few conditions are apparently all it takes to precipitate capitalism in cyberspace. as in a real economy, virtual market conditions change in response to how players behave. for example, shrewd players who know’s nooks and crannies will purchase goods in a game zone where become abundant and then sell them in another where in greater demand. the kicker for economists is that these virtual economic relationships have broken into the real u.s. economy. when players found’s bartering rules inadequate, they started exchanging the armor, spells, and otherian objects of value at real-world auction sites. these transactions are conducted not inian but in u.s. dollars and then completed between avatars inside the game. (you pay in dollars at a real-world site, then the avatar gives your avatar the goods in.) you can even buy another avatar, complete with its accumulated skills and assets. sony tried to stop all these transactions and persuaded ebay and yahoo! auctions to bar them on the grounds that they involve intellectual property. but this kind of protectionism is hard to enforce whether the goods are real or virtual: trade inian goods and services simply migrated to other sites. the exchange of goods and services inian, inside the game, and u.s dollars, outside, creates an relationship between the two currencies. based on surveys of these market exchanges, castronova calculated that one unit of was worth a little more than one u.s. penny. that technically makesian a “stronger” currency than the japanese yen or italian lira, albeit a thinner and less liquid one. (but sony apparently could use lessons in central banking: as in real-world japan, price deflation has hit the market forian goods.) the economic dynamics of also allow to calculate wage levels in. take the value of an average skills and assets, divide it by the average number of hours required to accumulate those holdings, and an average avatar “earns” 319/hour, or $3.42/hour at the prevailing exchange rate. (this sound like much, but’s deflation means that “real” wages are actually rising.) castronova estimates that’s per capita is higher than or china’s. the similarities to real-world market behavior certainly owe much to the fact that players know how real markets work and probably believe in markets. in this respect, resembles the more successful transitional economies of central europe, whose citizens had a history of capitalism to draw on when their communist regimes crumbled. (russia, by contrast, had no history of market capitalism and has struggled to make the transition to free markets.) everquest its players from some of the dismal restrictions of real economic life. is a truer meritocracy than our own, with no one hindered or helped by personal history or family background. the game also offers the ultimate safety hatch (a version of chapter 11 bankruptcy protection): fail at one of’s deadly challenges, and you can start over with a new avatar and new identity. what may be most striking about is that the virtual market require a powerful government.ian economic life, conducted in or dollars, proceeds without laws stipulating the terms of exchanges, regulations dictating who can participate in various activities, or authorities enforcing contracts. there are no monetary or fiscal policies to manage demand and prices, and no safety net. in this virtual world, a powerful government appears only briefly at the start, in the iron rule that everyone starts out with roughly equal assets. then it retreats and lets economic nature take its course. in, more equality permits freer markets. this may provide the most important lesson of all from the experiment: real equality can obviate much of a democratic intervention in a modern economy. many of our own current taxation, securities regulation, social aimed at offsetting some form of inequality. if is any guide, the liberal dream of genuine equality would usher in the conservative vision of truly limited government.

ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪn ðə ˈlidɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks wɛb ˈɑrˌkaɪv kənˈsərn tæks ˈpɑləsi, ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl treɪd, ər ðə ˈθɪri əv ðə fərm. əˈbaʊt ən ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈfænəsi geɪm. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə pæst jɪr, ˈnɪrli ˈpipəl hæv ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd ə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk æˈnælɪsɪs əv, ˈpɑpjələr ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈfænəsi wərld əv. wərldz: ə əˈkaʊnt əv ˈmɑrkɪt ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti ɔn ðə frontier,”*,” baɪ ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə steɪt ˈfʊlərtən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks prəˈfɛsər ˈɛdwərd kæstroʊˈnoʊvə, ɪz ðə noʊ. 1 ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ˈrisərʧ ˈnɛtˌwərk, ən ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈlaɪbrɛˌri əv tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈʤərnəlz ənd ˈrisərʧ ˈpeɪpərz ɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks. ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl, wɪʧ ju kən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd hir, nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈaʊtˌpeɪsɪz ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn wərks əv ˈɛvəri noʊˈbɛl ˈlɔriət, ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈpɑpjələr ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ˈrisərʧ ˈnɛtˌwərk, wɪʧ kənˈteɪnz mɔr ðən prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈɑrtɪkəlz ənd ˈæbstrækts ɪn reɪnʤ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪənsɪz. fər meɪlz ˈoʊvər eɪʤ 30 (mi ˌɪnˈkludɪd) ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl wərldz ər ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt, ˈməltiˌpleɪər, ˈɔnˌlaɪn ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts ɪn wɪʧ iʧ ˈækʃənz kən əˈfɛkt ˈmɛni ˈəðərz. æt ˈɛni ˈgɪvɪn ˈmoʊmənt, ər mɔr ˈpipəl frəm mɔr ðən 120 ˈkəntriz ər ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt, ˈmuvɪŋ ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl ““avatars”—wizards*, troʊlz, ˈwɪmən, ənd ə ˈdəzən ˈəðər ðə ˈfænsɪfəl ˈlænˌskeɪps əv. ðiz ˈdrɑməz ənˈfoʊld ɔn mɔr ðən 40 ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ˈsoʊni ˈsərvərz, iʧ əˈkɑməˌdeɪtɪŋ əp tɪ pleɪərz ˌɪnərˈæktɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ənd iʧ ˈəðər. ɪz ˈoʊnli wən əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈpɑpjələr ˈməltiˌpleɪər ˈɔnˌlaɪn games.”*.” ðə ˈoʊldəst, ˈəltɪmə ˈɔnˌlaɪn, həz pleɪərz; ənd ðə ˈlɑrʤəst, ˈlɪniəʤ, həz mɔr ðən 4 ˈmɪljən səbˈskraɪbərz, ˈmoʊstli ɪn ˌkɔˈriə.) wət ˌɪnˈtrigz kæstroʊˈnoʊvə ənd ˈəðər ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts əˈbaʊt ðə fækt ðət mɔr ðən ˈpipəl peɪ ˈsoʊni 13 ə mənθ tɪ ðət ˈsəmθɪŋ rɪˈzɛmbəlɪŋ ə ˈneɪsənt ɪˈkɑnəmi həz ˈimərʤd ɪn. ˌɪnədˈvərtəntli, həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈvərʧuəl ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ɪn səm əv ðə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl kˈwɛsʧənz ɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks: wət ər ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri kənˈdɪʃənz fər ˈmɑrkɪts; haʊ məʧ ˈgəvərnmənt dɪz ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ˌrikˈwaɪər; ənd haʊ du ɪkˈwɑləti ənd ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti əˈfɛkt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt? əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ əˈkaʊnt əv ɪt, həz ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ ˈgrætəˌfaɪ ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts əv ɔl pəˈlɪtɪkəl straɪps. fər taɪps, səˈʤɛsts ðət ðə kənˈdɪʃənz fər ˈvaɪbrənt ˈmɑrkɪts tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ər ˈprɪti ˈmɪnəməl. ˌlɪbərˈtɛˌriənz kən dɪˈlaɪt ðət ““government,”*,” ɪn ðə fɔrm əv rulz riˈstrɪktɪŋ ə ækˈtɪvɪti, ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪn. ənd ˈlɪˌbərəlz kən teɪk hɑrt ðət ˈmɑrkɪt ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti rɛst ɔn ˌɪˈnɪʃəl kənˈdɪʃənz əv ˈrædɪkəl ɪkˈwɑləti. ðə moʊst ˈbeɪsɪk kənˈdɪʃən fər ˈmɑrkɪt ækˈtɪvɪti bɪlt ˈɪntu ɪz ðət ˈrisɔrsɪz ɪn ər ˈlɪmɪtɪd. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ə pleɪər ˈʧuzɪz hɪz ˌɪˈnɪʃəl treɪts, bət ə ˈkɛrɪktər wɪθ ðə paʊər tɪ hil wundz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wɪl læk əˈʤɪləti; ənd əˈnəðər smɑrt ɪˈnəf tɪ dɪˈsaɪfər koʊdz wɪl bi ˈfɪzɪkəli wik. ənˈlaɪk ril laɪf, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn stɑrts aʊt wɪθ ˈrəfli ˈikwəl ˈrisɔrsɪz. ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈbeɪsɪk kənˈdɪʃən əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk laɪf ɪn ðɪs ˈvərʧuəl wərld, ɛz ɪn ɑr oʊn, ɪz ðət ˈnəθɪŋ ɪz fri. ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈæˌsɛts ɪˈnəf tɪ meɪk məʧ ˈhɛdˌweɪ ɪn ðə geɪm, soʊ pleɪərz ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɔn ˈnævəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˈʧælənʤɪz hæv tɪ wərk æt ˈiðər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ nu skɪlz ər ˈərnɪŋ nu ˈæˌsɛts. ðə ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ pɑrt ɪz ðət moʊst pleɪərz ɪkˈspænd ðɛr ˈæˌsɛts ənd əˈbɪləˌtiz nɑt θru ˈvaɪələns ər ʃɪˈkeɪnəri, ðə ˈmoʊdəs ˌɑpərˈɛndaɪ əv ə ˈtɪpɪkəl kəmˈpjutər geɪm, bət θru ˈvərʧuəl ˈmɑrkɪt trænˈzækʃənz. ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv pleɪərz spɛnd moʊst əv ðɛr taɪm ɪn ˈtreɪdɪŋ ər koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ˈəðər ˈævəˌtɑrz, baɪɪŋ gʊdz frəm ˈkriʧərz (““bots”*”) bɪlt ˈɪntu ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, ər ˈjuzɪŋ ˈɔkʃən saɪts ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə geɪm. tɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ðɪs, əˈdɑptəd tu ˈəðər ki kənˈdɪʃənz frəm ril ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk laɪf: ə ˈkərənsi kɔld pieces,”*,” ər, kən bi ərnd baɪ kəmˈplitɪŋ ˈvɛriəs tæsks, ənd ðɛr ər ˌrudəˈmɛntəri rulz fər baɪɪŋ, ˈsɛlɪŋ, ənd ˈbɑrtərɪŋ. ðiz fju kənˈdɪʃənz ər əˈpɛrəntli ɔl ɪt teɪks tɪ prɪˈsɪpɪˌteɪt ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ɪn ˈsaɪbərˌspeɪs. ɛz ɪn ə ril ɪˈkɑnəmi, ˈvərʧuəl ˈmɑrkɪt kənˈdɪʃənz ʧeɪnʤ ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ haʊ pleɪərz bɪˈheɪv. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ʃrud pleɪərz hu noʊ nʊks ənd ˈkræniz wɪl ˈpərʧəs gʊdz ɪn ə geɪm zoʊn wɛr bɪˈkəm əˈbəndənt ənd ðɛn sɛl ðɛm ɪn əˈnəðər wɛr ɪn ˈgreɪtər dɪˈmænd. ðə ˈkɪkər fər ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts ɪz ðət ðiz ˈvərʧuəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps hæv ˈbroʊkən ˈɪntu ðə ril juz. ɪˈkɑnəmi. wɪn pleɪərz faʊnd ˈbɑrtərɪŋ rulz ˌɪˈnædəkˌweɪt, ðeɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈɑrmər, spɛlz, ənd ˈəðər ˈɑbʤɛkts əv ˈvælju æt ˈrilˌwərld ˈɔkʃən saɪts. ðiz trænˈzækʃənz ər kənˈdəktəd nɑt ɪn bət ɪn juz. ˈdɔlərz ənd ðɛn kəmˈplitɪd bɪtˈwin ˈævəˌtɑrz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə geɪm. (ju peɪ ɪn ˈdɔlərz æt ə ˈrilˌwərld saɪt, ðɛn ðə ˈævəˌtɑr gɪvz jʊr ˈævəˌtɑr ðə gʊdz ɪn.) ju kən ˈivɪn baɪ əˈnəðər ˈævəˌtɑr, kəmˈplit wɪθ ɪts əˈkjumjəˌleɪtɪd skɪlz ənd ˈæˌsɛts. ˈsoʊni traɪd tɪ stɑp ɔl ðiz trænˈzækʃənz ənd pərsˈweɪdɪd ˈiˌbeɪ ənd ˈjɑˌhu! ˈɔkʃənz tɪ bɑr ðɛm ɔn ðə graʊnz ðət ðeɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈprɑpərti. bət ðɪs kaɪnd əv prəˈtɛkʃəˌnɪzəm ɪz hɑrd tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs ˈwɛðər ðə gʊdz ər ril ər ˈvərʧuəl: treɪd ɪn gʊdz ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈsɪmpli ˈmaɪˌgreɪtɪd tɪ ˈəðər saɪts. ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ əv gʊdz ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪn, ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə geɪm, ənd juz ˈdɔlərz, ˈaʊtˈsaɪd, kriˈeɪts ən riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈkərənsiz. beɪst ɔn ˈsərˌveɪz əv ðiz ˈmɑrkɪt ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz, kæstroʊˈnoʊvə ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd ðət wən ˈjunɪt əv wɑz wərθ ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən wən juz. ˈpɛni. ðət ˈtɛknɪkəli meɪks ə ““stronger”*” ˈkərənsi ðən ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz jɛn ər ˌɪˈtæljən ˈlɪrə, ɔlˈbiɪt ə ˈθɪnər ənd lɛs ˈlɪkwɪd wən. (bət ˈsoʊni əˈpɛrəntli kʊd juz ˈlɛsənz ɪn ˈsɛntrəl ˈbæŋkɪŋ: ɛz ɪn ˈrilˌwərld ʤəˈpæn, praɪs dɪˈfleɪʃən həz hɪt ðə ˈmɑrkɪt fər gʊdz.) ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk daɪˈnæmɪks əv ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊ tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt weɪʤ ˈlɛvəlz ɪn. teɪk ðə ˈvælju əv ən ˈævərɪʤ skɪlz ənd ˈæˌsɛts, dɪˈvaɪd ɪt baɪ ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈnəmbər əv aʊərz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ əˈkjumjəˌleɪt ðoʊz ˈhoʊldɪŋz, ənd ən ˈævərɪʤ ˈævəˌtɑr ““earns”*” 319 pp/hour*, ər æt ðə prɪˈveɪlɪŋ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ reɪt. (ðɪs saʊnd laɪk məʧ, bət dɪˈfleɪʃən minz ðət ““real”*” ˈweɪʤɪz ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈraɪzɪŋ.) kæstroʊˈnoʊvə ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət pər ˈkæpɪtə ɪz haɪər ðən ər china’s*. ðə ˌsɪməˈlɛrətiz tɪ ˈrilˌwərld ˈmɑrkɪt bɪˈheɪvjər ˈsərtənli oʊ məʧ tɪ ðə fækt ðət pleɪərz noʊ haʊ ril ˈmɑrkɪts wərk ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli bɪˈliv ɪn ˈmɑrkɪts. ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspɛkt, rɪˈzɛmbəlz ðə mɔr səkˈsɛsfəl trænˈzɪʃənəl ɪˈkɑnəmiz əv ˈsɛntrəl ˈjʊrəp, huz ˈsɪtɪzənz hæd ə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm tɪ drɔ ɔn wɪn ðɛr ˈkɑmjənəst rəˈʒimz ˈkrəmbəld. (ˈrəʃə, baɪ ˈkɑntræst, hæd noʊ ˈhɪstəri əv ˈmɑrkɪt ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ənd həz ˈstrəgəld tɪ meɪk ðə trænˈzɪʃən tɪ fri ˈmɑrkɪts.) ɪts pleɪərz frəm səm əv ðə ˈdɪzməl riˈstrɪkʃənz əv ril ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk laɪf. ɪz ə truər mɛrɪˈtɔkrəsi ðən ɑr oʊn, wɪθ noʊ wən ˈhɪndərd ər hɛlpt baɪ ˈpərsɪnəl ˈhɪstəri ər ˈfæməli ˈbækˌgraʊnd. ðə geɪm ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfərz ðə ˈəltəmət ˈseɪfti hæʧ (ə ˈvərʒən əv ˈʧæptər 11 ˈbæŋkrəptsi prəˈtɛkʃən): feɪl æt wən əv ˈdɛdli ˈʧælənʤɪz, ənd ju kən stɑrt ˈoʊvər wɪθ ə nu ˈævəˌtɑr ənd nu aɪˈdɛntəˌti. wət meɪ bi moʊst ˈstraɪkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪz ðət ðə ˈvərʧuəl ˈmɑrkɪt ˌrikˈwaɪər ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈgəvərnmənt. ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk laɪf, kənˈdəktəd ɪn ər ˈdɔlərz, prəˈsidz wɪˈθaʊt lɔz ˈstɪpjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə tərmz əv ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz, ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ˈdɪkˌteɪtɪŋ hu kən pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ˈvɛriəs ækˈtɪvɪtiz, ər əˈθɔrətiz ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈkɑnˌtrækts. ðɛr ər noʊ ˈmɑnəˌtɛri ər ˈfɪskəl ˈpɑləsiz tɪ ˈmænɪʤ dɪˈmænd ənd ˈpraɪsɪz, ənd noʊ ˈseɪfti nɛt. ɪn ðɪs ˈvərʧuəl wərld, ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈgəvərnmənt əˈpɪrz ˈoʊnli ˈbrifli æt ðə stɑrt, ɪn ðə aɪərn rul ðət ˈɛvriˌwən stɑrts aʊt wɪθ ˈrəfli ˈikwəl ˈæˌsɛts. ðɛn ɪt riˈtrits ənd lɛts ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈneɪʧər teɪk ɪts kɔrs. ɪn, mɔr ɪkˈwɑləti ˈpərˌmɪts friər ˈmɑrkɪts. ðɪs meɪ prəˈvaɪd ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈlɛsən əv ɔl frəm ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt: ril ɪkˈwɑləti kən ˈɑbviˌeɪt məʧ əv ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ə ˈmɑdərn ɪˈkɑnəmi. ˈmɛni əv ɑr oʊn ˈkɑrənt tækˈseɪʃən, sɪˈkjʊrətiz ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən, ˈsoʊʃəl eɪmd æt ˈɔfˌsɛtɪŋ səm fɔrm əv ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti. ɪf ɪz ˈɛni gaɪd, ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl drim əv ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ɪkˈwɑləti wʊd ˈəʃər ɪn ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈvɪʒən əv ˈtruli ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈgəvərnmənt.

australia's agricultural export growth is slower than the global average in all key markets except oceania, a report has found. a rural think tank is warning australia's agriculture export performance is waning in the face of stiff competition from rising agricultural producers. at the centre of the issue is australia's lack of new farm lands, which has effectively capped agricultural production when compared with countries in asian and south america where production is expanding. the australian farm institute's trade review concludes that with little opportunity to expand production, australian agriculture needs a renewed focus on productivity gains. "in effect, australia is losing market share in those neighbouring markets that we identify as our own," director mick keogh said. "that really is a wake up call about the need to be competitive and to be not assuming these markets are ours and there for the taking." the analysis found the growth of australia's exports to every global region except oceania and north asia was slower than the equivalent global growth figure. alarmingly, the report also finds that in addition to the volume of exports fall, so too is the value. "the results highlight the need for australian agricultural producers and exporters to dispel any complacency that might be held about the ability of australian agriculture to automatically benefit from the growth in global demand for agricultural product as world populations increase and diets change." australian farm institute: review of agriculture trade performance 2016. mr keogh said the report's finding highlighted the need to find productivity improvements. "the one thing we have learned from our new zealand cousins' success is that isn't something you do and then stop. rural newsletter rural news in your inbox? subscribe for the national headlines of the day. "you cannot assume our agriculture sector is competitive and going to be successful it is a continuous process." speaking to the draft findings of a recent productivity commission report, mr keogh said there would not be a single action that will help boost productivity. "all the sorts of things that have been talked about in that productivity commission report are worth thinking about, especially in terms of continual improvement. "you cannot assume there is a 'big bang' solution to successfully capturing all these markets."

ɔˈstreɪljəz ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈɛkspɔrt groʊθ ɪz sloʊər ðən ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈævərɪʤ ɪn ɔl ki ˈmɑrkɪts ɪkˈsɛpt ˌoʊˌʃiˈænjə, ə rɪˈpɔrt həz faʊnd. ə ˈrʊrəl θɪŋk tæŋk ɪz ˈwɔrnɪŋ ɔˈstreɪljəz ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər ˈɛkspɔrt pərˈfɔrməns ɪz ˈweɪnɪŋ ɪn ðə feɪs əv stɪf ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən frəm ˈraɪzɪŋ ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl prəˈdusərz. æt ðə ˈsɛntər əv ðə ˈɪʃu ɪz ɔˈstreɪljəz læk əv nu fɑrm lændz, wɪʧ həz ˈifɛktɪvli kæpt ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl pərˈdəkʃən wɪn kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈkəntriz ɪn ˈeɪʒən ənd saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə wɛr pərˈdəkʃən ɪz ɪkˈspændɪŋ. ðə ɔˈstreɪljən fɑrm ˈɪnstɪtuts treɪd ˌrivˈju kənˈkludz ðət wɪθ ˈlɪtəl ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ɪkˈspænd pərˈdəkʃən, ɔˈstreɪljən ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər nidz ə rɪˈnud ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti geɪnz. "ɪn ˈifɛkt, ɔˈstreɪljə ɪz ˈluzɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪt ʃɛr ɪn ðoʊz ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪts ðət wi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ɛz ɑr oʊn," dɪˈrɛktər mɪk ˈkioʊ sɛd. "ðət ˈrɪli ɪz ə weɪk əp kɔl əˈbaʊt ðə nid tɪ bi kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ənd tɪ bi nɑt əˈsumɪŋ ðiz ˈmɑrkɪts ər ɑrz ənd ðɛr fər ðə ˈteɪkɪŋ." ðə æˈnælɪsɪs faʊnd ðə groʊθ əv ɔˈstreɪljəz ˈɛkspɔrts tɪ ˈɛvəri ˈgloʊbəl ˈriʤən ɪkˈsɛpt ˌoʊˌʃiˈænjə ənd nɔrθ ˈeɪʒə wɑz sloʊər ðən ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈgloʊbəl groʊθ ˈfɪgjər. əˈlɑrmɪŋli, ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɔlsoʊ faɪndz ðət ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈvɑljum əv ˈɛkspɔrts fɔl, soʊ tu ɪz ðə ˈvælju. "ðə rɪˈzəlts ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðə nid fər ɔˈstreɪljən ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl prəˈdusərz ənd ɪkˈspɔrtərz tɪ dɪˈspɛl ˈɛni kəmˈpleɪsənsi ðət maɪt bi hɛld əˈbaʊt ðə əˈbɪləˌti əv ɔˈstreɪljən ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər tɪ ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ðə groʊθ ɪn ˈgloʊbəl dɪˈmænd fər ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈprɑdəkt ɛz wərld ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ˌɪnˈkris ənd daɪɪts ʧeɪnʤ." ɔˈstreɪljən fɑrm ˈɪnstɪˌtut: ˌrivˈju əv ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər treɪd pərˈfɔrməns 2016 ˈmɪstər ˈkioʊ sɛd ðə rɪˈpɔrts ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ðə nid tɪ faɪnd ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti ˌɪmˈpruvmənts. "ðə wən θɪŋ wi hæv ˈlərnɪd frəm ɑr nu ˈzilənd ˈkəzənz' səkˈsɛs ɪz ðət ˈɪzənt ˈsəmθɪŋ ju du ənd ðɛn stɑp. ˈrʊrəl ˈnuzˌlɛtər ˈrʊrəl nuz ɪn jʊr inbox*? səbˈskraɪb fər ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz əv ðə deɪ. "ju ˈkænɑt əˈsum ɑr ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər ˈsɛktər ɪz kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ənd goʊɪŋ tɪ bi səkˈsɛsfəl ɪt ɪz ə kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈprɔˌsɛs." ˈspikɪŋ tɪ ðə dræft ˈfaɪndɪŋz əv ə ˈrisənt ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti kəˈmɪʃən rɪˈpɔrt, ˈmɪstər ˈkioʊ sɛd ðɛr wʊd nɑt bi ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈækʃən ðət wɪl hɛlp bust ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti. "ɔl ðə sɔrts əv θɪŋz ðət hæv bɪn tɔkt əˈbaʊt ɪn ðət ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti kəˈmɪʃən rɪˈpɔrt ər wərθ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn tərmz əv kənˈtɪnjuəl ˌɪmˈpruvmənt. "ju ˈkænɑt əˈsum ðɛr ɪz ə 'bɪg bæŋ' səˈluʃən tɪ səkˈsɛsfəli ˈkæpʧərɪŋ ɔl ðiz ˈmɑrkɪts."

new zealand accused sharon armstrong has admitted she knew of a secret package hidden inside her suitcase, but insists she believed it was nothing more than confidential papers. ms armstrong, 54, a former maori language commission deputy chief executive, was arrested on april 13 after buenos aires airport police allegedly found cocaine hidden in her suitcase. ms armstrong has said she did not know about the drugs and was tricked by a man she met online. she is being held in a women's detention centre in ezeiza, about southwest of buenos aires. she made a private court appearance on thursday, where judge daniel petrone ruled he would proceed with a full investigation court appearance, dashing any hopes of an early release. yesterday she told the herald on sunday an online boyfriend who lives in london, who she had been dating for six months, tricked her into being a drug mule. "he said that it was documents and a contract. i don't know any more about it and i didn't ask. i just thought it was really important and that the contract was worth a lot of money." armstrong refused to say how she came into possession of the suitcase, but it was understood the switch was made with the case she brought from new zealand just before she attempted to board a british airways flight to london on april 13. she said she did not notice the of cocaine. if convicted, ms armstrong faced at least eight years behind bars. speaking to from jail last week, ms armstrong said she needed help but was reluctant to talk about her case because she feared for her safety. "i'm just a little bit concerned that this might be a lot bigger. i've never been involved in anything like this ever before." she refused to name the man who she said scammed her. "i'm not wanting to protect him, but i'm not prepared to name any names for fear of any retribution." ms armstrong said reports she was carrying four driver's licences when arrested were wrong. she told she had three licences -- new zealand, australian, and cook islands -- with her at the time. she said the australian licence was for when she visited family, and the $10 cook islands licence had expired. staff from the new zealand embassy in buenos aires had visited her in prison and had given her a spanish dictionary, magazines and writing paper so she could write a journal.

nu ˈzilənd əˈkjuzd ˈʃɛrən ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ həz ədˈmɪtəd ʃi nu əv ə ˈsikrɪt ˈpækɪʤ ˈhɪdən ˌɪnˈsaɪd hər ˈsutˌkeɪs, bət ˌɪnˈsɪsts ʃi bɪˈlivd ɪt wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl ˈpeɪpərz. mɪz ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ, 54 ə ˈfɔrmər ˈmaʊri ˈlæŋgwɪʤ kəˈmɪʃən ˈdɛpjəti ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv, wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɔn ˈeɪprəl 13 ˈæftər bˈweɪnəs ˈɛriz ˈɛrˌpɔrt pəˈlis əˈlɛʤədli faʊnd koʊˈkeɪn ˈhɪdən ɪn hər ˈsutˌkeɪs. mɪz ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ həz sɛd ʃi dɪd nɑt noʊ əˈbaʊt ðə drəgz ənd wɑz trɪkt baɪ ə mæn ʃi mɛt ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ʃi ɪz biɪŋ hɛld ɪn ə ˈwɪmənz dɪˈtɛnʃən ˈsɛntər ɪn ezeiza*, əˈbaʊt ˌsaʊθˈwɛst əv bˈweɪnəs ˈɛriz. ʃi meɪd ə ˈpraɪvət kɔrt əˈpɪrəns ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, wɛr ʤəʤ ˈdænjəl pɛˈtroʊni ruld hi wʊd pərˈsid wɪθ ə fʊl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən kɔrt əˈpɪrəns, ˈdæʃɪŋ ˈɛni hoʊps əv ən ˈərli riˈlis. ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ʃi toʊld ðə ˈhɛrəld ɔn ˈsənˌdi ən ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd hu lɪvz ɪn ˈləndən, hu ʃi hæd bɪn ˈdeɪtɪŋ fər sɪks mənθs, trɪkt hər ˈɪntu biɪŋ ə drəg mjul. "hi sɛd ðət ɪt wɑz ˈdɑkjəmənts ənd ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt. aɪ doʊnt noʊ ˈɛni mɔr əˈbaʊt ɪt ənd aɪ ˈdɪdənt æsk. aɪ ʤɪst θɔt ɪt wɑz ˈrɪli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ənd ðət ðə ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɑz wərθ ə lɔt əv ˈməni." ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ rɪfˈjuzd tɪ seɪ haʊ ʃi keɪm ˈɪntu pəˈzɛʃən əv ðə ˈsutˌkeɪs, bət ɪt wɑz ˌəndərˈstʊd ðə swɪʧ wɑz meɪd wɪθ ðə keɪs ʃi brɔt frəm nu ˈzilənd ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ʃi əˈtɛmptəd tɪ bɔrd ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɛrˌweɪz flaɪt tɪ ˈləndən ɔn ˈeɪprəl 13 ʃi sɛd ʃi dɪd nɑt ˈnoʊtɪs ðə əv koʊˈkeɪn. ɪf kənˈvɪktəd, mɪz ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ feɪst æt list eɪt jɪrz bɪˈhaɪnd bɑrz. ˈspikɪŋ tɪ frəm ʤeɪl læst wik, mɪz ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ sɛd ʃi ˈnidɪd hɛlp bət wɑz rɪˈləktənt tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt hər keɪs bɪˈkəz ʃi fɪrd fər hər ˈseɪfti. "əm ʤɪst ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt kənˈsərnd ðət ðɪs maɪt bi ə lɔt ˈbɪgər. aɪv ˈnɛvər bɪn ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈɛniˌθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs ˈɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr." ʃi rɪfˈjuzd tɪ neɪm ðə mæn hu ʃi sɛd skæmd hər. "əm nɑt ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ prəˈtɛkt ɪm, bət əm nɑt priˈpɛrd tɪ neɪm ˈɛni neɪmz fər fɪr əv ˈɛni ˌrɛtrəˈbjuʃən." mɪz ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ sɛd rɪˈpɔrts ʃi wɑz ˈkɛriɪŋ fɔr ˈdraɪvərz ˈlaɪsənsɪz wɪn ərˈɛstɪd wər rɔŋ. ʃi toʊld ʃi hæd θri ˈlaɪsənsɪz nu ˈzilənd, ɔˈstreɪljən, ənd kʊk ˈaɪləndz wɪθ hər æt ðə taɪm. ʃi sɛd ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈlaɪsəns wɑz fər wɪn ʃi ˈvɪzɪtɪd ˈfæməli, ənd ðə 10 kʊk ˈaɪləndz ˈlaɪsəns hæd ɪkˈspaɪrd. stæf frəm ðə nu ˈzilənd ˈɛmbəsi ɪn bˈweɪnəs ˈɛriz hæd ˈvɪzɪtɪd hər ɪn ˈprɪzən ənd hæd ˈgɪvɪn hər ə ˈspænɪʃ ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛri, ˈmægəˌzinz ənd ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈpeɪpər soʊ ʃi kʊd raɪt ə ˈʤərnəl.

honestly, people, why wait to fall asleep with your shoes on when you can just draw dicks on your own face, am i right? asia brautigam, 19, as she was poking fun at our obsession with beauty bloggers, experimented with some eyeliner, and well? dick liner. cat eyes are out. dick eyes are in. wow twitter has been so creative with their eye looks, thought i'd have my take asia (@asialbx) november 18, 2016 and a bunch of people began following her lead. @asialbx in love with your look my new everyday eye makeup jas♡ (@jasmin_c_) november 19, 2016 asia got ahead of the curve and told she trying to shade makeup artists just in case people started saying she was “makeup shaming.” she assured “i think all creative and amazingly talented!” she said, and added, “my will never compare!” there ya have it, folks..

ˈɑnəstli, ˈpipəl, waɪ weɪt tɪ fɔl əsˈlip wɪθ jʊr ʃuz ɔn wɪn ju kən ʤɪst drɔ dɪks ɔn jʊr oʊn feɪs, æm aɪ raɪt? ˈeɪʒə ˈbroʊtɪgəm, 19 ɛz ʃi wɑz ˈpoʊkɪŋ fən æt ɑr əbˈsɛʃən wɪθ ˈbjuti ˈblɔgərz, ɪkˈspɛrəməntəd wɪθ səm ˈaɪˌlaɪnər, ənd wɛl? dɪk ˈlaɪnər. kæt aɪz ər aʊt. dɪk aɪz ər ɪn. waʊ tˈwɪtər həz bɪn soʊ kriˈeɪtɪv wɪθ ðɛr aɪ lʊks, θɔt aɪd hæv maɪ teɪk ˈeɪʒə (@asialbx*) noʊˈvɛmbər 18 2016 ənd ə bənʧ əv ˈpipəl bɪˈgæn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ hər lɛd. ɪn ləv wɪθ jʊr lʊk maɪ nu ˈɛvriˈdeɪ aɪ ˈmeɪˌkəp jas♡*♡ (@jasmin_c*_) noʊˈvɛmbər 19 2016 ˈeɪʒə gɑt əˈhɛd əv ðə kərv ənd toʊld ʃi traɪɪŋ tɪ ʃeɪd ˈmeɪˌkəp ˈɑrtɪsts ʤɪst ɪn keɪs ˈpipəl ˈstɑrtɪd seɪɪŋ ʃi wɑz shaming.”*.” ʃi əˈʃʊrd θɪŋk ɔl kriˈeɪtɪv ənd əˈmeɪzɪŋli talented!”*!” ʃi sɛd, ənd ˈædɪd, wɪl ˈnɛvər compare!”*!” ðɛr jɑ hæv ɪt, foʊks..

earlier today we brought you word that one offensive lineman would be (controversially) returning to the tigers. now word of a loss at the same position group. the university has confirmed that jonah austin (pictured, no. 71) has decided to take his leave of the football program and transfer to an undetermined location. no reason for the decision to leave was given, although a search for a better opportunity at playing time would be a good place to start. if austin were to end up at another institution, be eligible to play in 2015 as a graduate transfer. austin was a member of’s 2011 recruiting class who was rated as the no. 58 tackle in the country. he did not see any game action his first two seasons in baton rouge, then played in a total of 12 games the past two years five in 2014, seven in 2013. as was the case each of the past two seasons, the, austin was slated for a backup role in 2015.

ˈərliər təˈdeɪ wi brɔt ju wərd ðət wən əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən wʊd bi (controversially*) rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈtaɪgərz. naʊ wərd əv ə lɔs æt ðə seɪm pəˈzɪʃən grup. ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti həz kənˈfərmd ðət ˈʤoʊnə ˈɔstən (ˈpɪkʧərd, noʊ. 71 həz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ teɪk hɪz liv əv ðə ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈproʊˌgræm ənd ˈtrænsfər tɪ ən ˌəndɪˈtərmɪnd loʊˈkeɪʃən. noʊ ˈrizən fər ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ liv wɑz ˈgɪvɪn, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ə sərʧ fər ə ˈbɛtər ˌɑpərˈtunəti æt pleɪɪŋ taɪm wʊd bi ə gʊd pleɪs tɪ stɑrt. ɪf ˈɔstən wər tɪ ɛnd əp æt əˈnəðər ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, bi ˈɛlɪʤəbəl tɪ pleɪ ɪn 2015 ɛz ə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈtrænsfər. ˈɔstən wɑz ə ˈmɛmbər əv 2011 rɪˈkrutɪŋ klæs hu wɑz ˈreɪtɪd ɛz ðə noʊ. 58 ˈtækəl ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. hi dɪd nɑt si ˈɛni geɪm ˈækʃən hɪz fərst tu ˈsizənz ɪn ˈbæˌtɑn ruʒ, ðɛn pleɪd ɪn ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 12 geɪmz ðə pæst tu jɪrz faɪv ɪn 2014 ˈsɛvən ɪn 2013 ɛz wɑz ðə keɪs iʧ əv ðə pæst tu ˈsizənz, ðə ˈɔstən wɑz sˈleɪtɪd fər ə ˈbæˌkəp roʊl ɪn 2015

forty years ago, nasa landed a spacecraft on the surface of mars, giving us our first close-up view of the so-called red planet. and, in what seems to be standard protocol for nasa missions, the operation stretched into a mission, paving the way for later mars rovers like opportunity and curiosity. the viking 1 spacecraft touched down on the martian surface on july 20, 1976, seven years after apollo 11 astronauts stepped out onto the moon. the landing was originally scheduled for independence day, july 4. but once in orbit around mars, the satellite carrying viking revealed that the landing site was incredibly rocky, notes bill barry, chief historian. so mission controllers adjusted the date so the spacecraft could find a smoother place to land. the viking mission was a huge success from an engineering perspective, an journey through space to a perfect landing on another planet. the heat shield and parachute design were updated and used in subsequent missions to mars. and measurements of the martian atmosphere and surface are being used and analyzed to this day. but scientists were really anticipating the results from the life sciences payload carried by the lander. this apparatus housed four different tests in a space the size of a soccer ball, according to glenn, historian for the nasa ames research center. a week after landing, soil samples were put through this barrage of tests to look for evidence of life: mainly carbon molecules and gases released by organisms a variety of nutrients that had been added to the soil. three tests came up negative. but the fourth one had a promising result… at least initially. in this test, water, nutrients and a radioactive form of carbon were added to the martian soil. if any organisms ate the radioactive nutrients, they would emit a specific gas. the lander detected this gas spewing out of the soil during the first time it ran the test. but during the next two trials, there was nothing. this has puzzled scientists for decades. some researchers have tried to recreate the tests here on earth and their results have led some scientists to say the tests were “inconclusive” instead of “negative.” at a panel discussion on the history of the viking 1 mission, said that the lack of definitive results killed the desire to search for life on mars. erik conway, a historian for the jet propulsion laboratory in california, added that a change in political focus towards shuttle program and the failed 1984 mars observer mission also contributed to the gap before another lander was sent to mars. opportunity and curiosity, two of the new rovers, focused more on studying the ancient conditions of mars to see if it was once suitable for life. they each found evidence of water on mars in the past. curiosity also noticed that methane periodically increases, which is most likely because of chemical reactions between the martian rocks and water. but there is a small chance it could be released by living organisms. so, 40 years after we reached it, humanity is still holding onto hope that life exists - or once existed - on the red planet.

ˈfɔrti jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ˈnæsə ˈlændɪd ə ˈspeɪˌskræft ɔn ðə ˈsərfəs əv mɑrz, ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ɑr fərst ˈkloʊˌsəp vju əv ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld rɛd ˈplænət. ənd, ɪn wət simz tɪ bi ˈstændərd ˈproʊtəˌkɔl fər ˈnæsə ˈmɪʃənz, ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən strɛʧt ˈɪntu ə ˈmɪʃən, ˈpeɪvɪŋ ðə weɪ fər ˈleɪtər mɑrz ˈroʊvərz laɪk ˌɑpərˈtunəti ənd ˌkjʊriˈɑsəti. ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋ 1 ˈspeɪˌskræft təʧt daʊn ɔn ðə ˈmɑrʃən ˈsərfəs ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 20 1976 ˈsɛvən jɪrz ˈæftər əˈpɑloʊ 11 ˈæstrəˌnɔts stɛpt aʊt ˈɔntu ðə mun. ðə ˈlændɪŋ wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli ˈskɛʤʊld fər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns deɪ, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 4 bət wəns ɪn ˈɔrbət əraʊnd mɑrz, ðə ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈvaɪkɪŋ rɪˈvild ðət ðə ˈlændɪŋ saɪt wɑz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈrɑki, noʊts bɪl ˈbɛri, ʧif hɪˈstɔriən. soʊ ˈmɪʃən kənˈtroʊlərz əˈʤəstɪd ðə deɪt soʊ ðə ˈspeɪˌskræft kʊd faɪnd ə sˈmuðər pleɪs tɪ lænd. ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋ ˈmɪʃən wɑz ə juʤ səkˈsɛs frəm ən ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ pərˈspɛktɪv, ən ˈʤərni θru speɪs tɪ ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈlændɪŋ ɔn əˈnəðər ˈplænət. ðə hit ʃild ənd ˈpɛrəˌʃut dɪˈzaɪn wər ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ənd juzd ɪn ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈmɪʃənz tɪ mɑrz. ənd ˈmɛʒərmənts əv ðə ˈmɑrʃən ˈætməsˌfɪr ənd ˈsərfəs ər biɪŋ juzd ənd ˈænəˌlaɪzd tɪ ðɪs deɪ. bət ˈsaɪəntɪsts wər ˈrɪli ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ðə rɪˈzəlts frəm ðə laɪf ˈsaɪənsɪz ˈpeɪˌloʊd ˈkɛrid baɪ ðə ˈlændər. ðɪs ˌæpərˈætəs haʊzd fɔr ˈdɪfərənt tɛsts ɪn ə speɪs ðə saɪz əv ə ˈsɑkər bɔl, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ glɛn, hɪˈstɔriən fər ðə ˈnæsə eɪmz ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər. ə wik ˈæftər ˈlændɪŋ, sɔɪl ˈsæmpəlz wər pʊt θru ðɪs bərɑʒ əv tɛsts tɪ lʊk fər ˈɛvədəns əv laɪf: ˈmeɪnli ˈkɑrbən ˈmɑləˌkjulz ənd ˈgæsɪz riˈlist baɪ ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəmz ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈnutriənts ðət hæd bɪn ˈædɪd tɪ ðə sɔɪl. θri tɛsts keɪm əp ˈnɛgətɪv. bət ðə fɔrθ wən hæd ə ˈprɑməsɪŋ result…*… æt list ˌɪˈnɪʃəli. ɪn ðɪs tɛst, ˈwɔtər, ˈnutriənts ənd ə ˌreɪdioʊˈæktɪv fɔrm əv ˈkɑrbən wər ˈædɪd tɪ ðə ˈmɑrʃən sɔɪl. ɪf ˈɛni ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəmz eɪt ðə ˌreɪdioʊˈæktɪv ˈnutriənts, ðeɪ wʊd ɪˈmɪt ə spɪˈsɪfɪk gæs. ðə ˈlændər dɪˈtɛktɪd ðɪs gæs spjuɪŋ aʊt əv ðə sɔɪl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst taɪm ɪt ræn ðə tɛst. bət ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə nɛkst tu traɪəlz, ðɛr wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ. ðɪs həz ˈpəzəld ˈsaɪəntɪsts fər ˈdɛkeɪdz. səm ˈrisərʧərz hæv traɪd tɪ ˈrɛkriˌeɪt ðə tɛsts hir ɔn ərθ ənd ðɛr rɪˈzəlts hæv lɛd səm ˈsaɪəntɪsts tɪ seɪ ðə tɛsts wər ““inconclusive”*” ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ““negative.”*.” æt ə ˈpænəl dɪˈskəʃən ɔn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋ 1 ˈmɪʃən, sɛd ðət ðə læk əv dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv rɪˈzəlts kɪld ðə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ sərʧ fər laɪf ɔn mɑrz. ˈɛrɪk ˈkɑnˌweɪ, ə hɪˈstɔriən fər ðə ʤɛt prəˈpəlʃən ˈlæbrəˌtɔri ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈædɪd ðət ə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈfoʊkɪs təˈwɔrdz ˈʃətəl ˈproʊˌgræm ənd ðə feɪld 1984 mɑrz əbˈzərvər ˈmɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðə gæp ˌbiˈfɔr əˈnəðər ˈlændər wɑz sɛnt tɪ mɑrz. ˌɑpərˈtunəti ənd ˌkjʊriˈɑsəti, tu əv ðə nu ˈroʊvərz, ˈfoʊkɪst mɔr ɔn ˈstədiɪŋ ðə ˈeɪnʧənt kənˈdɪʃənz əv mɑrz tɪ si ɪf ɪt wɑz wəns ˈsutəbəl fər laɪf. ðeɪ iʧ faʊnd ˈɛvədəns əv ˈwɔtər ɔn mɑrz ɪn ðə pæst. ˌkjʊriˈɑsəti ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪst ðət ˈmɛˌθeɪn ˌpiriˈɑdɪkəli ˌɪnˈkrisɪz, wɪʧ ɪz moʊst ˈlaɪkli bɪˈkəz əv ˈkɛmɪkəl riˈækʃənz bɪtˈwin ðə ˈmɑrʃən rɑks ənd ˈwɔtər. bət ðɛr ɪz ə smɔl ʧæns ɪt kʊd bi riˈlist baɪ ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəmz. soʊ, 40 jɪrz ˈæftər wi riʧt ɪt, juˈmænɪti ɪz stɪl ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈɔntu hoʊp ðət laɪf ɪgˈzɪsts ər wəns ɪgˈzɪstəd ɔn ðə rɛd ˈplænət.

christina here…. one “million” sent me an email! dear christina, as the christmas shopping season begins full swing, here is our annual “naughty or nice” retailer list. we have taken the top 100 national retailers and reviewed their websites, media advertising and signage in an effort to help you know which companies are christmas-friendly. over the past seven years, has stood firm in the “war on christmas.” companies who used to refuse to acknowledge christmas now have christmas “shops” inside their stores. many of them now liberally use “christmas” in their advertising and signage. sadly, there are still some companies which refuse to use “christmas.” they continue to insult and offend christian shoppers by sticking with their politically correct “holiday” term. yaay! i love how can dixie what is really a “war against inclusion” and pretend that when businesses attempt to be more inclusive during the holidays, that they are somehow unfriendly to christmas. i really understand why christians feel insulted and offended when businesses use the word “holiday” instead of “christmas” fuck inclusion, right? you must acknowledge our holiday exclusively or we will hurt you with our wallets. criteria reviewed up to four areas to determine if a company was “christmas-friendly” in their advertising: print media (newspaper inserts), broadcast media (radio/television), website personal visits to the store. if a ad has references to items associated with christmas (trees, wreaths, lights, etc.), it was considered as an attempt to reach “christmas” shoppers. so even carrying your religious enough for the? not mentioning christmas does not mean someone is against christmas. confusing neutrality for persecution,. if prayer actually did anything, pray that you guys get over your petty persecution complex. p.s. here are the companies “against” christmas: companies against “christmas” banana republic barnes & noble family dollar foot locker gap stores l.l. bean limited brands maurice’s office depot old navy radio shack staples supervalu victoria’s secret learn more about christina and follow her @ziztur.

krɪˈstinə here…*…. wən ““million”*” sɛnt mi ən iˈmeɪl! dɪr krɪˈstinə, ɛz ðə ˈkrɪsməs ˈʃɑpɪŋ ˈsizən bɪˈgɪnz fʊl swɪŋ, hir ɪz ɑr ˈænjuəl ər nice”*” ˈriˌteɪlər lɪst. wi hæv ˈteɪkən ðə tɔp 100 ˈnæʃənəl ˈriˌteɪlərz ənd rivˈjud ðɛr ˈwɛbˌsaɪts, ˈmidiə ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ənd ˈsaɪnɪʤ ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ hɛlp ju noʊ wɪʧ ˈkəmpəˌniz ər christmas-friendly*. ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈsɛvən jɪrz, həz stʊd fərm ɪn ðə ɔn christmas.”*.” ˈkəmpəˌniz hu juzd tɪ ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ ˈkrɪsməs naʊ hæv ˈkrɪsməs ““shops”*” ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɛr stɔrz. ˈmɛni əv ðɛm naʊ ˈlɪˌbərəˌli juz ““christmas”*” ɪn ðɛr ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ənd ˈsaɪnɪʤ. ˈsædli, ðɛr ər stɪl səm ˈkəmpəˌniz wɪʧ ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ juz ““christmas.”*.” ðeɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪnˈsəlt ənd əˈfɛnd ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈʃɑpərz baɪ ˈstɪkɪŋ wɪθ ðɛr ˈplɪtɪkli kərˈɛkt ““holiday”*” tərm. yaay*! aɪ ləv haʊ kən ˈdɪksi wət ɪz ˈrɪli ə əˈgɛnst inclusion”*” ənd priˈtɛnd ðət wɪn ˈbɪznɪsɪz əˈtɛmpt tɪ bi mɔr ˌɪnˈklusɪv ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈhɑləˌdeɪz, ðət ðeɪ ər ˈsəmˌhaʊ ənˈfrɛndli tɪ ˈkrɪsməs. aɪ ˈrɪli ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ˈkrɪsʧɪnz fil ˌɪnˈsəltɪd ənd əˈfɛndɪd wɪn ˈbɪznɪsɪz juz ðə wərd ““holiday”*” ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ““christmas”*” fək ˌɪnˈkluʒən, raɪt? ju məst ækˈnɑlɪʤ ɑr ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ɪkˈsklusɪvli ər wi wɪl hərt ju wɪθ ɑr ˈwɔləts. kraɪˈtɪriə rivˈjud əp tɪ fɔr ˈɛriəz tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪf ə ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ““christmas-friendly”*” ɪn ðɛr ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ: prɪnt ˈmidiə (ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˌɪnˈsərts), ˈbrɔdˌkæst ˈmidiə (radio/television*), ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈpərsɪnəl ˈvɪzɪts tɪ ðə stɔr. ɪf ə æd həz ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ ˈaɪtəmz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈkrɪsməs (triz, riθs, laɪts, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.), ɪt wɑz kənˈsɪdərd ɛz ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ riʧ ““christmas”*” ˈʃɑpərz. soʊ ˈivɪn ˈkɛriɪŋ jʊr rɪˈlɪʤəs ɪˈnəf fər ðə? nɑt ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ ˈkrɪsməs dɪz nɑt min ˈsəmˌwən ɪz əˈgɛnst ˈkrɪsməs. kənfˈjuzɪŋ nuˈtræləti fər ˌpərsəˈkjuʃən,. ɪf prɛr ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, preɪ ðət ju gaɪz gɪt ˈoʊvər jʊr ˈpɛˌti ˌpərsəˈkjuʃən ˈkɑmplɛks. piz. hir ər ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz ““against”*” ˈkrɪsməs: ˈkəmpəˌniz əˈgɛnst ““christmas”*” bəˈnænə riˈpəblɪk bɑrnz ˈnoʊbəl ˈfæməli ˈdɔlər fʊt ˈlɑkər gæp stɔrz l.l*. bin ˈlɪmɪtɪd brændz ˈɔfəs ˈdipoʊ oʊld ˈneɪvi ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ʃæk ˈsteɪpəlz ˌsupərˈvælju ˈsikrɪt lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt krɪˈstinə ənd ˈfɑloʊ hər @ziztur*.

8.1k shares share originally published in two parts at and and here with permission. disclaimer: chosen to focus this article on trans women only for the sake of brevity and clarity. it is not my intent to contribute to the ongoing cultural of trans men, and i believe their voices, experiences and identities deserve to be heard and understood. readers, please note that much of this can be applied to in general. debunking myths is one of those things that us skeptics are supposed to do, right? okay then… (my showing, is it?) myth 1. trans women are just really, really, really gay. this one is impressively persistent, and unbelievably common. it was even pulled out recently while lance bass, an openly gay man, was access hollywood. the truth is fairly simple: gender identity and sexual orientation have nothing whatsoever to do with one another. a fairly common adage used to address this misunderstanding is “sexual orientation is about who you want to go to bed with, gender identity is about who you want to go to bed as.” my own preference in addressing it is to simply point out the existence of trans lesbians (that is, trans women who are attracted to other women). problem solved. go have tea and scones. or so one would hope, anyway. i think a lot of this confusion stems from how strongly we associate behaviour with gender. the cultural assumption of heterosexuality is so intrinsic, we see gay men as being somehow in defiance of what it is to be a man. they become regarded as or transgender simply by engaging in a mode of sexuality that is more common amongst women than men, even though many gay men express themselves in an almost way. this misconception is amplified by our of sex and sexuality when thinking about gender and what gender means, so we can end up regarding any expression of gender as being about sexuality. such as the widespread assumption by men that women dress nice or stylishly or primarily as a means of attracting men, rather than simply an expression of their own identity and feelings that day. this myth is damaging to both trans women and gay men alike. it also often leads to trans issues being swept aside or within broader discussions of stuff. such as how this ad that ran in the canadian newspaper the national post was largely decried for being homophobic rather than despite being almost entirely based around promoting fear of transgenderism, and how the narrative of manning has been written as the story of a gay man in the military, despite the fact that the evidence clearly shows she had been planning to transition immediately upon return to civilian life. she continues to be described even by her supporters in male and masculine terms. short answer: sex / gender and sexuality do not have a deterministic relationship to one another. which is why there are such things as gay, lesbian and bisexual people in the first place. myth 2. so going to get your penis cut off? another impressively common one. in short, no. not how it works. i hope i you all out too much, but provide a really rough, basic explanation of one of the common forms of lower surgery (aka, sexual reassignment surgery, aka grs, genital reconstruction surgery, aka vaginoplasty), using the “inversion method”. the penis is basically split into three pieces. the tip is sort of detached from the bulk of the shaft to be formed into a clitoris. the skin of the shaft is removed and the shaft itself split down the middle. it is then inverted into a vaginal canal such that the exterior circumference of the shaft serves as the vaginal lining. this preserves sensation in the event of sex as well as allows for a certain degree of natural lubrication during arousal. the testes are indeed discarded but pretty much the only bit of tissue that get used. the tissue is used to form outer and create the aesthetic appearance of a typical female vulva. remaining tissue and skin get used to form a hood and add additional depth to the vaginal canal as needed. the procedure is remarkably effective, and has come quite a long way over the decades. trans women today are able to preserve considerable sensation (often no loss of sensation reported at all), and very many report greatly improved sexual satisfaction and full potential. the outward appearance is virtually indistinguishable from any other vulva. the only two things that are typically at all noticeable are that if your partner is particularly well-endowed, he may notice a slight lack of depth, and the vaginal canal is often a little bit steeper than in women, though that can be prevented by a trans woman taking care to exercise proper technique while (a process required to ensure the vaginal canal close). there are a few things that i find particularly troubling about this misconception, or even just casual joking reference to “cutting off your dick”. one is reinforcement of the classic misogynist myth that women are incomplete men. women are men, minus a few pieces. female genitals are just the absence of male genitals. castration anxiety, penis envy, blah blah blah, etc. clearly, that is not true. women are their own sex, not simply lesser men. so why should we assume that acquiring girl bits is as simple as lopping off the boy bits and carving a gash? the other problem is how it reinforces an image of trans women as sexless, mutilated barbie dolls. it reinforces the idea that we have simply discarded our sex rather than creating for ourselves a new one. it is reductive, and imagines our new state as “less” than our previous one. it reinforces the sense that rendered ourselves inferior in sacrificing our maleness. the reality is that transition is not a of the body, it is a of the body. our genitals are not discarded, they are simply reshaped. myth 3. so chosen to get a sex change operation? srs is not what changes our sex. only one tiny piece of the puzzle. and many trans women choose not to, or, undergo. a woman is not defined by between her legs. i lay this one at the feet of the media. unless a film or tv show is explicitly about the long, gradual, complex, multifaceted, emotionally harrowing, highly individual process of transition, it is impossible to really portray it accurately or fit it into a plot. most of the times transition shows up in movies or tv, as a plot device. why waste time portraying something so complex and gradual when just a little hinge in your narrative? we’ve all seen it a million times. bob goes into the hospital as a big, burly, manly dude. out walks roberta in her heels and mini-skirt, with her breasts suddenly magically having appeared out of nowhere, her hair miraculously 12 inches longer, and goes off to sleep with the first unsuspecting guy she can find. no recovery time! no pain! no blood! no dilation! no bandages and packing! no long, tedious four year process for hormones to do their breast development, skin tone, body hair, fat redistribution thing. no irritating legal hassles with changing name and documentation. no emotional roller-coaster. no spontaneous bursts of tears. no voice training. no your body language and mannerisms. no anxiety about passing. no joyful revelation the first time you realize you are passing. no crying with happiness the first time you discover you can look in a mirror without hating what you see. no dealing with the and awkwardness of beginning to date again. no the entire language of fashion and how to dress. no getting accustomed to bras and heels and earrings and annoying little jewelry clasps. no wondering whether the better orgasms are worth their infrequency. no rediscovering your sexuality. no long, complex process of yourself with new genitalia and learning to understand them. no learning what you are and comfortable wearing. no getting nail polish all over your fingers and eyeliner in your eyeball because you never got a chance to learn how to do that stuff as a little girl. no coming out. no losing friends. no being disowned by family. no growing closer to the people who supported you. no adapting to the loss of male privilege and learning how to deal with cat calls. no nothing. basically? no transition. none of any of the stuff that makes it such an intense and incredible and traumatic and rewarding and beautiful experience. and wearing a mini-skirt! after! which in real life basically amounts to your entire worth of periods condensed into a two month period of recovery. bloody, hormonal, moody, painful recovery. and she goes and gets laid, too. trivializing? kinda. myth 4. “it’s a trap” / trans women are just gay guys trying to attract straight dudes. see above about us not being gay guys. but this one goes a lot deeper, a lot nastier, a lot more demeaning, and a lot more dangerous. dangerous in that a great many trans women have lost their lives to sexual partners who felt they were “tricked”. the concept of “deception” is a tricky one, and it can be very complicated to unpack the various ethical dimensions of disclosure and where a trans responsibility lies in terms of informing her partner. that’s far too big a subject to tackle here, but zinnia jones provides a fantastic explanation in this youtube video. just like to say that i really think our responsibility to give you the opportunity to inflict your bigotry and on us; your responsibility to ask (if that big a deal to you). and if a woman was attractive to you one moment and a repulsive, lying whore the next, when all that has changed is that you now know a largely irrelevant detail of her history, the problem is with your perceptions, not her body. the problematic implications of us being “traps” are a bit too numerous to name them all. a few that come to mind are the basic assumption that “really” men, believing that our decisions all revolve around you doing this for your sake, not our own (kind of like the earlier example about how men may interpret how a woman dresses), the issues of gender expression with sexual motivations, the concept that and femininity are artifice and fake, etc. but i guess the one that most like to unpack is how, like the thoroughly debunked theory of “autogynophilia”, it looks at trans sexuality and motives through a lens of male sexuality and motives. a hypothetical male sits on his couch and is flipping through a porn magazine. he comes across an ad for “shemale” porn. he wonders, “why would anyone ever do that? why would a man want to become a woman? crazy!” (yeah, put aside the implicit misogyny there… we can talk about that some other time) and rather than think about it in terms of why a woman would want a female body and not a male one, he thinks about it in terms of why a man would want a female body. the conclusions he draws, based upon the assumption that a man is fundamentally a sexual agent and a woman is fundamentally a sexual object, are that the “shemale” is doing it to get laid, to attract men to him with his new hot, curvy, of a body. either that or, as in “autogynophilia”, doing it to have himself as his very own personal sex object. never mind what happens to a trans libido during hrt. never mind that for very many trans women, that period of time, exactly when the libido starts diminishing, happens to be when commitment often deepens, and any remaining doubts and questions are resolved. forget that. it must be about sex. because all the female body is good for: sex. right? myth 5. you sort of reinforcing stereotypical gender roles? aren’t you just going along with the idea that having a feminine personality means you must be female? that perpetuate the idea that there are certain ways women and men are “supposed” to be like? much like the existence of trans lesbians serves to disprove the “really, really gay” myth, in this case we can point to the existence of butch or tomboy trans women. ta da! myth vanishes in a puff of logic. but to explain further… this is about a very basic confusion: lack of understanding the difference between gender identity and gender expression. gender identity is an internal sense of self and what one fundamentally is. the sense of being a man or a woman (or both, or neither, or in-between, or something else). it is divorced from concepts of what a man or woman is or supposed to be like, and appears to be very much innate and unchanging. it also appears to be related to the neurological “body map” and relationship to body- feelings of either comfort or alienation. gender expression is the degree to which personality, interests and manner of self-expression is culturally regarded as “masculine” or “feminine” (or “androgynous”). this is heavily culturally and socially mediated. what is regarded as feminine in one culture may be regarded as masculine in another. there seem to be some traits that are in varying degrees innate to an individual but gender expression is an aggregation of many, many, many such traits which can occur in an immense variety of combinations. an imperfect but very helpful breakdown from the center for gender sanity (which i think used before, actually) can be found here. what makes a person transsexual, and motivates one to pursue physical transition, is typically a conflict of gender identity with physical, assigned sex. it is not a conflict of gender expression or role with physical, assigned sex. we transition not because we feel too feminine to be men, or that the presence of feminine characteristics means we must be female. the motivation is far deeper and far less analytical than that. we transition simply because we know ourselves to be female… totally independently of how well we do or do not fit into female stereotypes. hence we are not simply basing this off of an overly strict concept of gender roles where we need to get our bodies to conform to a socially mandated binary. we are only seeking to get our bodies to conform to our sense of self so that we can feel that they are our own rather than a creepy gross alien thingy that happens to be attached to us. and our existence does not in any way support, perpetuate or rely upon those binaries… we are fundamentally transgressing them and asserting that they may be broken, and sometimesmust. myth 6. if our culture have such strict gender roles, there would be no need for transition. this is another mistake stemming from the confusion of gender identity with gender expression, and also again the belief that a trans woman makes her decision because she is uncomfortable with the male gender role rather than the male body. the argument runs that, basically, if we were to break down the socially arbitrated binary and “gender straitjacket” we would no longer feel any sense of conflict between our selves and our assigned sex. but, again, we do not transition out of discomfort with the male gender role. we transition out of discomfort with the male body. no matter how open, enlightened and our society could be, most women would go right on feeling just as alienated and disturbed by having a penis, a pair of testicles pumping her full of testosterone, a hairy face and body, a masculine distribution of muscle and fat, a flat chest, that acidic male locker room smell, ruddy oily skin, etc. and most men would go right on feeling out and appalled by having a vagina, every month, having breasts, soft and smooth skin, no beard, a feminine shape, wide hips, the rising and falling cycle of estrogen and progesterone, etc. transsexuality is first and foremost about us and our bodies and our right to be happy within them, not all about social conventions or the politics of gender or what you think society should be or what you think is best for us. people whose gender identity is in conflict with their physiological sex will continue to exist no matter how well we accommodate for variation in gender expression. solving problems of gender solve all the problems of sex. please, take it as a reasonable assumption that thought this stuff through, our decisions are our own, and we just been duped by the patriarchy or whatever. it sucks to have people who are ostensibly your allies tell you living your life wrong and that the biggest, most important, most difficult, most decision you ever made was just a result of being brainwashed by the system, maannnn. myth 7. so brave! no. a lovely idea, it is, and thank you. i do appreciate the sentiment and we often enjoy hearing that kind of thing. an enormously tempting idea, too, and hard to give up. it would be terrific to believe that this wonderfully brave, courageous, strong woman who overcame unimaginable odds to assert her true self without compromise to a hostile, bigoted world. but it just true. we brave. scared and in tremendous pain and desperate for a way out, and really have much of a choice. imagine being chased by a pack of snarling wolves through a darkened, stormy forest. nipping at your heels, just behind, barking and growling with long strings of saliva dangling from their bared fangs. your body is aching and sore and straining against the exhaustion, just barely maintaining your sprint through a combination of adrenaline and the terrifying certainty of death should you give in. somewhere in the darkness and gloom you suddenly catch a glimpse of light. you run towards it, screaming for help as best you can through your bursting, panting lungs. it is a cabin. you finally make it to the door, you throw it open, and just in nick of time as one of the wolves lunges for your throat, you slam the door shut behind you. at last escaped. safe. inside the cabin sits a friendly old man smoking a pipe and mulling some wine. as you stand there, shaking and gasping for breath and crying and terrified out of your wits, he smiles and says, “wow, really brave.” some of us are brave. some of us are strong. but not always the case, and necessarily be inferred from our transition. we do what we have to do, however we can, no matter how scared we are. but on the other hand, as it was articulated in black swan green by david mitchell, one of my favorite novels: “courage is being scared and doing it anyway.” myth 8. appropriating the female body. appropriation is about someone identity. not doing that. expressing our identity. it is not an act of attempting to emulate or express ourselves as the other, we are attempting to more accurately and honestly express the self. we transition into being a new or different person. we become more ourselves. we put on a mask, we take one off. we another cliché metaphor, we just cliché metaphor. it is not your body or sex that is being in any way appropriated or affected. we are making decisions about our own bodies, our own sex, specifically just trying to feel at home within them…. which is our choice to make. our bodies, our choices, yeah? myth 9. why you just accept yourself? why not just learn to be comfortable with who you are? this one is usually based on analogy to cosmetic surgery and eating disorders. after all, we do teach people to do their best to accept their bodies and not treat themselves with loathing. we rightly teach people that is of great importance to mental and emotional well-being. the appropriate response to issues is therapy, and to reinforce, not to facilitate an obsession with cosmetic surgery or enable an eating disorder. but gender is not as simple as a “body-image issue”, and has been proven unresponsive to therapy and medication. there are certain reasonable expectations a person can have for their body, and there are certain conflicts between body map or self image and physical configuration of the body that deserve to be addressed through medical means. consider, for instance, the case of skin grafts for a burn victim, plastic surgery for someone with an extreme socially and psychologically debilitating deformity, or prosthesis for an amputee. in these cases, we simply teach. that is part of the process, sure (as it is with gender transition), but we do provide medical intervention and question or belittle their desire for it. they are only asking for a relatively basic level of bodily integrity. that line is subjective but it is present. ifgender, ask yourself: were your genitals to be lost or disfigured in an accident, would you want someone to chastise you for wanting a prosthesis or cosmetic surgery? a body consistent with internal conception of sex and gender is a perfectly reasonable thing to want and a very difficult thing to live without. furthermore, these kinds of procedures, and gender transition, have specific, defined and goals. eating disorders and cosmetic surgery do not. someone with a severe psychological disorder will, presumably, never feel pretty or thin enough. they will remain unhappy, and the physical changes solve the underlying issue. in the case of gender transition, and cosmetic procedures for burns and deformities, there is an and the procedures consistently produce a great deal of psychological and emotional benefit with significant improvements in the well-being. most medical procedures are not simply about sustaining life. they are about maintaining well-being and improving quality of life. that is what transition provides… a quality of life an individual may reasonably expect. no other procedure or treatment has ever been proven effective or helpful in addressing the extreme detriment to mental health caused by gender identity disorder. myth 10. you really become female. the process is only cosmetic. still technically a man. i addressed much of this a few weeks ago in this article. it has chickens! to summarize: there is no particularly valid reason to prioritize the genetic definition of sex above all other aspects of physical sex: hormones, secondary sexual characteristics, genital configuration, etc. chromosomes actually play nearly as much of a role in human sexual differentiation as we often think they do. the y chromosome is mostly deteriorating junk dna only real function is to turn the gonads into testes. in an cell, one of the x chromosomes is deactivated. as such, no real functional difference between a “female” cell and a “male” cell. the process of sexual differentiation in humans is not genetic in nature, but hormonal. as for the matter of being “cosmetically” female… a trans secondary sexual characteristics are in no substantial way different from that of a woman and are formed through the exact same physical processes. if my breasts are to be deemed “cosmetic”, so too must the breasts of any woman at all. there is no single variable we can point to that suggests someone is “really” female or not. doing so for any individual trait will necessarily require excluding some women from the category. there are some traits that no trans woman possesses, but there will always be women who possess those traits either. as such, there is no definitive way that you can suggest trans women are outside of the category “woman” but all women are in. at least not without going into like “only women are really women because trans women really women”. in so far as the term “woman” is to be at all meaningful and consistent, trans women must be included. myth 11. drag queens, transsexuals, transgenders,, the difference? first, say “transgenders”. places the category above the person. say “transgender women/men/people”. transgender is an umbrella term that includes all significant deviation from the norms of gender and sex. drag queens, transsexual people,, fetishists, people who identity as or trans-feminine, people who are genderqueer, etc. are all included. transsexual refers specifically to people who permanently transition from one sex to another, usually through one or more medical treatments such as hormone replacement therapy genital reconstruction surgery, usually along with legal and social changes such as change of legal name and documentation, alternate gender presentation (clothing, make-up, etc.), voice training and so on. the adjective “trans”, as in “trans woman”, usually means transsexual but sometimes means transgender. usually clear from context. this article, for instance, has been about transsexual women. drag queens are men (typically but not always gay) who dress in an exaggeratedly, female way for the sake of performance or entertainment. there is typically very little emphasis placed on actually passing as female but instead on having a particularly ostentatious and fun outfit. this is an act of playing with gender roles, not an act based on expression of a deeper internal sense of self. a drag queen adopts a female persona but will (almost always) have a male gender identity. are men with a male gender identity who, for a variety of possible reasons, choose to occasionally dress in clothing and accessories and present as female. the acts of presentation are temporary and do not reflect their “true self”. a fetishist is a who does so for sexual motivations, due to being aroused or getting an erotic thrill from the presentation. they also maintain a male gender identity and the presentation is temporary. these distinctions are important. seriously. myth 12. is just an invention of the modern medical establishment, a symptom of western culture. hormone replacement therapy and genital reconstruction surgery are modern medical treatments developed to address and accommodate a human issue. gender variance, although it may vary in its particular iteration, will not always be socially accepted or accommodated, and is sometimes only accommodated in very specific ways, occurs in pretty much all cultures and societies throughout human history. many cultures were actually fairly accepting and tolerant. some even imagined identities to be especially blessed, lucky or powerful… such as a role for certain north american first nations “two spirit” identities, the galli of in ancient greece, the paradoxically social status of in thailand, the positive social standing of in india prior to british colonial rule (which brought with it british attitudes towards gender variance), etc. gender variance has existed as long as human beings have. is simply a relatively new option for addressing it and meeting the needs of people with a sense of strong disharmony between gender identity and physical sex. it create us, it is just a means of allowing us to live full, happy, meaningful lives and feel comfortable and at home in our bodies. myth 13. infiltrating spaces and making them unsafe. first of all, we are women. so that. not sure why whatever discomfort may arise from a about the thought of a trans woman in the same bathroom or changing room or whatever, and the perceived risk, should take precedence over the extreme discomfort and actual physical risk that a trans woman would be forced to endure in using facilities. an argument encountered repeatedly is “well to stop some male rapist or child molester or voyeur from putting on some lipstick, claiming to be transgender, and then sexually assaulting your daughters!” (ominous scary organ chord!). well… there has never, ever been such an incident. no man has ever disguised himself as transgender for the sake of perpetrating such a crime. and if what you are worried about is sexual assault and voyeurism then those are the issues you should be targeting, enacting policies against, and the people whom you should be demonizing. demonize and punish innocent trans people over some wild, imagined hypothetical. would you ban lesbians from facilities on the possibility of their voyeurism? no, probably not, and extremely statistically unlikely for lesbians to commit sexual assault in such a setting. but… just as unlikely for trans women to do so. and remember that stuff about our libidos? our difficulty achieving erection if we even have a penis? if prevention of sexual assault is something keenly interested in, then please start by focusing on dismantling a culture that and women and places their humanity as secondary to their bodies. there is also a lot of anger and controversy within the feminist community about other types of spaces. a particularly prominent example is the michigan music festival, which enforces a “womyn-born-womyn” policy (though they allow trans men to attend and perform). many of the justifications are parallel to those of the christian right in forbidding us access to bathrooms and changing rooms: really men, it makes the environment unsafe (again, there is absolutely no data whatsoever to support this), to stop men from attending under the pretense of being trans, etc. but there are additionally complex issues. one is the general attitudes within certain branches of feminism (particularly radical feminism)…. the notion that enforcing the gender binary (which relates to the “why you just accept yourselves” thing and the confusion of gender identity with gender expression), the weird insistence that although gender is “just a social construct” we are nonetheless completely bound to our assigned sex and may not transcend it, many claims (such as, literally: “rape is encoded on the y chromosome”… actually come across that claim), etc. it is also sometimes insisted that because we lacked female childhoods and the concomitant that we possibly understand the female experience. true in a sense… there are many aspects of a female life i did not experience and some i never shall. but this is true of every woman. there is no universal, unwavering female narrative that everyone experiences exactly alike. there are as many stories as there are women. to act like any particular thing being absent means someone “really” a woman and understand womanhood would necessarily mean excluding a whole lot of women, too. all of these notions seem to be acts of bending over backwards and performing intellectual acrobatics to try to disguise their as being somehow an extension of their feminism when it in fact runs directly contrary to several of the fundamental tenets of feminism… that our lives, choices, identities and what we do with our bodies should not be dictated by external forces or forced upon us to conform with what society tells us those with our particular anatomy are supposed to be. biology is not destiny. remember? in summary, almost all of these misconceptions stem from the assumption that really men, and considering us, our lives, our implications and our choices through a male frame of reference. a woman who is attracted to men is not gay. the existence of a woman as a woman does not reinforce traditional gender roles, nor would the breakdown of those roles cause her to disappear. a woman would not be asked to simply accept a male body. a woman would not be accused of appropriating womanhood, or infiltrating spaces. a body, and the aspects of it that render it female, are not simply cosmetic. if there is one myth to debunk from which all others would perish, the notion that our gender is not legitimate. we are women. just think of us as such, and get it. eta: when i said that a’s acts of presentation do not reflect their “true self”, i should have been more clear: in the case of a cd (as opposed to a trans woman in denial who simply believes herself to be cd), the female presentation / persona more true than the male identity. both are aspects of that sense of self. but the primary difference between a genuine cd and a trans woman is that the male identity is not held to be false while the female identity is held to be genuine. instead, the male identity is still the primary expression of self that is inevitably returned to. error: your requested widget' " is not in the widget list. [do_widget_area after-entry]"]"]"]"] [do_widget_area custom-menu-widget] [do_widget_area]"] [do_widget_area]"] [do_widget_area]"] [do_widget_area general-top-body-widget]"]"]"]"]"]"] [do_widget_area give-forms-sidebar] [do_widget_area header-right]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"] [do_widget_area home-bottom]"]"] [do_widget_area home-middle]"]"] [do_widget_area home-top]"] [do_widget_area]"]"] [do_widget_area]"] [do_widget_area sidebar]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]6"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"]"] [do_widget_area sidebar-alt] [do_widget_area widgets_for_shortcodes]"]"] [do_widget_area wp_inactive_widgets]"]"]"]"]"]"] error: your requested widget' " is not in the widget list. natalie reed is a blogger, queer, recovering addict, […]-survivor, etc. she got her start blogging at, and now writes for blogs. her many ridiculous interests include linguistics, feminism, trans-feminism, anarchism, gender theory, queer theory, poetry, neuroscience, biology, doctor who, comic books, cartoons, and punk rock. she was born with a y chromosome but totally kicked its ass. follow her on twitter. found this article helpful? help us keep publishing more like it by help us keep publishing more like it by becoming a member!

8.1k* ʃɛrz ʃɛr ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn tu pɑrts æt ənd ənd hir wɪθ pərˈmɪʃən. dɪˈskleɪmər: ˈʧoʊzən tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn trænz ˈwɪmən ˈoʊnli fər ðə seɪk əv ˈbrɛvəti ənd ˈklɛrɪti. ɪt ɪz nɑt maɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnt tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈkəlʧərəl əv trænz mɛn, ənd aɪ bɪˈliv ðɛr ˈvɔɪsɪz, ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ənd aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz dɪˈzərv tɪ bi hərd ənd ˌəndərˈstʊd. ˈridərz, pliz noʊt ðət məʧ əv ðɪs kən bi əˈplaɪd tɪ ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. dɪˈbəŋkɪŋ mɪθs ɪz wən əv ðoʊz θɪŋz ðət ˈjuˈɛs ˈskɛptɪks ər səˈpoʊzd tɪ du, raɪt? ˌoʊˈkeɪ then…*… (maɪ ʃoʊɪŋ, ɪz ɪt?) mɪθ 1 trænz ˈwɪmən ər ʤɪst ˈrɪli, ˈrɪli, ˈrɪli geɪ. ðɪs wən ɪz ˌɪmˈprɛsɪvli pərˈsɪstənt, ənd ˌənbəˈlivəbli ˈkɑmən. ɪt wɑz ˈivɪn pʊld aʊt ˈrisəntli waɪl læns bæs, ən ˈoʊpənli geɪ mæn, wɑz ˈækˌsɛs ˈhɑliˌwʊd. ðə truθ ɪz ˈfɛrli ˈsɪmpəl: ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən hæv ˈnəθɪŋ ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər tɪ du wɪθ wən əˈnəðər. ə ˈfɛrli ˈkɑmən ˈædəʤ juzd tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðɪs ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ ɪz ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən ɪz əˈbaʊt hu ju wɔnt tɪ goʊ tɪ bɛd wɪθ, ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɪz əˈbaʊt hu ju wɔnt tɪ goʊ tɪ bɛd as.”*.” maɪ oʊn ˈprɛfərəns ɪn æˈdrɛsɪŋ ɪt ɪz tɪ ˈsɪmpli pɔɪnt aʊt ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv trænz ˈlɛzbiənz (ðət ɪz, trænz ˈwɪmən hu ər əˈtræktəd tɪ ˈəðər ˈwɪmən). ˈprɑbləm sɑlvd. goʊ hæv ti ənd skoʊnz. ər soʊ wən wʊd hoʊp, ˈɛniˌweɪ. aɪ θɪŋk ə lɔt əv ðɪs kənfˈjuʒən stɛmz frəm haʊ ˈstrɔŋli wi əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt bɪˈheɪvjər wɪθ ˈʤɛndər. ðə ˈkəlʧərəl əˈsəmpʃən əv ˌhɛtəroʊˌsɛkʃuˈælɪti ɪz soʊ ˌɪnˈtrɪnsɪk, wi si geɪ mɛn ɛz biɪŋ ˈsəmˌhaʊ ɪn dɪˈfaɪəns əv wət ɪt ɪz tɪ bi ə mæn. ðeɪ bɪˈkəm rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ər ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈsɪmpli baɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ə moʊd əv ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti ðət ɪz mɔr ˈkɑmən əˈməŋst ˈwɪmən ðən mɛn, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈmɛni geɪ mɛn ɪkˈsprɛs ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn ən ˈɔlˌmoʊst weɪ. ðɪs mɪskənˈsɛpʃən ɪz ˈæmpləˌfaɪd baɪ ɑr əv sɛks ənd ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti wɪn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈʤɛndər ənd wət ˈʤɛndər minz, soʊ wi kən ɛnd əp rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈɛni ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv ˈʤɛndər ɛz biɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti. səʧ ɛz ðə ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd əˈsəmpʃən baɪ mɛn ðət ˈwɪmən drɛs nis ər ˈstaɪlɪʃli ər praɪˈmɛrəli ɛz ə minz əv əˈtræktɪŋ mɛn, ˈrəðər ðən ˈsɪmpli ən ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv ðɛr oʊn aɪˈdɛntəˌti ənd ˈfilɪŋz ðət deɪ. ðɪs mɪθ ɪz ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ tɪ boʊθ trænz ˈwɪmən ənd geɪ mɛn əˈlaɪk. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfən lidz tɪ trænz ˈɪʃuz biɪŋ swɛpt əˈsaɪd ər wɪˈθɪn ˈbrɔdər dɪˈskəʃənz əv stəf. səʧ ɛz haʊ ðɪs æd ðət ræn ɪn ðə kəˈneɪdiən ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ðə ˈnæʃənəl poʊst wɑz ˈlɑrʤli dɪˈkraɪd fər biɪŋ ˌhoʊməˈfoʊbɪk ˈrəðər ðən dɪˈspaɪt biɪŋ ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli beɪst əraʊnd prəˈmoʊtɪŋ fɪr əv transgenderism*, ənd haʊ ðə ˈnɛrətɪv əv ˈmænɪŋ həz bɪn ˈrɪtən ɛz ðə ˈstɔri əv ə geɪ mæn ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈɛvədəns ˈklɪrli ʃoʊz ʃi hæd bɪn ˈplænɪŋ tɪ trænˈzɪʃən ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli əˈpɑn rɪˈtərn tɪ səˈvɪljən laɪf. ʃi kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi dɪˈskraɪbd ˈivɪn baɪ hər səˈpɔrtərz ɪn meɪl ənd ˈmæskjələn tərmz. ʃɔrt ˈænsər: sɛks ˈʤɛndər ənd ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti du nɑt hæv ə dɪˌtərməˈnɪstɪk riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ wən əˈnəðər. wɪʧ ɪz waɪ ðɛr ər səʧ θɪŋz ɛz geɪ, ˈlɛzbiən ənd ˌbaɪˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpipəl ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. mɪθ 2 soʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt jʊr ˈpinɪs kət ɔf? əˈnəðər ˌɪmˈprɛsɪvli ˈkɑmən wən. ɪn ʃɔrt, noʊ. nɑt haʊ ɪt wərks. aɪ hoʊp aɪ ju ɔl aʊt tu məʧ, bət prəˈvaɪd ə ˈrɪli rəf, ˈbeɪsɪk ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən əv wən əv ðə ˈkɑmən fɔrmz əv loʊər ˈsərʤəri (ˈɑkə, ˈsɛkʃuəl riəˈsaɪnmənt ˈsərʤəri, ˈɑkə grs*, ˈʤɛnətəl ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ˈsərʤəri, ˈɑkə vaginoplasty*), ˈjuzɪŋ ðə method”*”. ðə ˈpinɪs ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli splɪt ˈɪntu θri ˈpisɪz. ðə tɪp ɪz sɔrt əv dɪˈtæʧt frəm ðə bəlk əv ðə ʃæft tɪ bi fɔrmd ˈɪntu ə klaɪˈtɔrɪs. ðə skɪn əv ðə ʃæft ɪz riˈmuvd ənd ðə ʃæft ˌɪtˈsɛlf splɪt daʊn ðə ˈmɪdəl. ɪt ɪz ðɛn ˌɪnˈvərtɪd ˈɪntu ə vəˈʤaɪnəl kəˈnæl səʧ ðət ðə ɪkˈstɪriər ˌsərˈkəmfrəns əv ðə ʃæft sərvz ɛz ðə vəˈʤaɪnəl ˈlaɪnɪŋ. ðɪs prɪˈzərvz sɛnˈseɪʃən ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnt əv sɛks ɛz wɛl ɛz əˈlaʊz fər ə ˈsərtən dɪˈgri əv ˈnæʧərəl ˌlubrɪˈkeɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ərˈaʊzəl. ðə ˈtɛˌstiz ər ˌɪnˈdid dɪˈskɑrdɪd bət ˈprɪti məʧ ðə ˈoʊnli bɪt əv ˈtɪʃu ðət gɪt juzd. ðə ˈtɪʃu ɪz juzd tɪ fɔrm ˈaʊtər ənd kriˈeɪt ðə ɛsˈθɛtɪk əˈpɪrəns əv ə ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈvʊlvə. rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈtɪʃu ənd skɪn gɪt juzd tɪ fɔrm ə hʊd ənd æd əˈdɪʃənəl dɛpθ tɪ ðə vəˈʤaɪnəl kəˈnæl ɛz ˈnidɪd. ðə prəˈsiʤər ɪz rɪˈmɑrkəbli ˈifɛktɪv, ənd həz kəm kwaɪt ə lɔŋ weɪ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈdɛkeɪdz. trænz ˈwɪmən təˈdeɪ ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ prɪˈzərv kənˈsɪdərəbəl sɛnˈseɪʃən (ˈɔfən noʊ lɔs əv sɛnˈseɪʃən ˌriˈpɔrtəd æt ɔl), ənd ˈvɛri ˈmɛni rɪˈpɔrt ˈgreɪtli ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən ənd fʊl pəˈtɛnʃəl. ðə ˈaʊtwərd əˈpɪrəns ɪz ˈvərʧuəli ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbəl frəm ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈvʊlvə. ðə ˈoʊnli tu θɪŋz ðət ər ˈtɪpɪkəli æt ɔl ˈnoʊtəsəbəl ər ðət ɪf jʊr ˈpɑrtnər ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli well-endowed*, hi meɪ ˈnoʊtɪs ə slaɪt læk əv dɛpθ, ənd ðə vəˈʤaɪnəl kəˈnæl ɪz ˈɔfən ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt ˈstipər ðən ɪn ˈwɪmən, ðoʊ ðət kən bi prɪˈvɛnɪd baɪ ə trænz ˈwʊmən ˈteɪkɪŋ kɛr tɪ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ˈprɑpər tɛkˈnik waɪl (ə ˈprɔˌsɛs rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə vəˈʤaɪnəl kəˈnæl kloʊz). ðɛr ər ə fju θɪŋz ðət aɪ faɪnd ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈtrəbəlɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs mɪskənˈsɛpʃən, ər ˈivɪn ʤɪst ˈkæʒəwəl ˈʤoʊkɪŋ ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ɔf jʊr dick”*”. wən ɪz ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt əv ðə ˈklæsɪk ˈmɪzəʤɪnɪst mɪθ ðət ˈwɪmən ər ˌɪnkəmˈplit mɛn. ˈwɪmən ər mɛn, ˈmaɪnəs ə fju ˈpisɪz. ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈʤɛnətəlz ər ʤɪst ðə ˈæbsəns əv meɪl ˈʤɛnətəlz. ˌkæˈstreɪʃən æŋˈzaɪəti, ˈpinɪs ˈɛnvi, blɑ blɑ blɑ, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ˈklɪrli, ðət ɪz nɑt tru. ˈwɪmən ər ðɛr oʊn sɛks, nɑt ˈsɪmpli ˈlɛsər mɛn. soʊ waɪ ʃʊd wi əˈsum ðət əkˈwaɪərɪŋ gərl bɪts ɪz ɛz ˈsɪmpəl ɛz ˈlɑpɪŋ ɔf ðə bɔɪ bɪts ənd ˈkɑrvɪŋ ə gæʃ? ðə ˈəðər ˈprɑbləm ɪz haʊ ɪt ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪz ən ˈɪmɪʤ əv trænz ˈwɪmən ɛz ˈsɛkslɪs, mˈjutəˌleɪtɪd ˈbɑrbi dɑlz. ɪt ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪz ðə aɪˈdiə ðət wi hæv ˈsɪmpli dɪˈskɑrdɪd ɑr sɛks ˈrəðər ðən kriˈeɪtɪŋ fər ɑrˈsɛlvz ə nu wən. ɪt ɪz reductive*, ənd ˌɪˈmæʤənz ɑr nu steɪt ɛz ““less”*” ðən ɑr ˈpriviəs wən. ɪt ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪz ðə sɛns ðət ˈrɛndərd ɑrˈsɛlvz ˌɪnˈfɪriər ɪn ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪŋ ɑr maleness*. ðə ˌriˈæləˌti ɪz ðət trænˈzɪʃən ɪz nɑt ə əv ðə ˈbɑdi, ɪt ɪz ə əv ðə ˈbɑdi. ɑr ˈʤɛnətəlz ər nɑt dɪˈskɑrdɪd, ðeɪ ər ˈsɪmpli riˈʃeɪpt. mɪθ 3 soʊ ˈʧoʊzən tɪ gɪt ə sɛks ʧeɪnʤ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən? ɪz nɑt wət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɑr sɛks. ˈoʊnli wən ˈtaɪni pis əv ðə ˈpəzəl. ənd ˈmɛni trænz ˈwɪmən ʧuz nɑt tɪ, ər, ˌəndərˈgoʊ. ə ˈwʊmən ɪz nɑt dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ bɪtˈwin hər lɛgz. aɪ leɪ ðɪs wən æt ðə fit əv ðə ˈmidiə. ənˈlɛs ə fɪlm ər ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊ ɪz ɪkˈsplɪsətli əˈbaʊt ðə lɔŋ, ˈgræʤuəl, ˈkɑmplɛks, ˌməltiˈfæsətɪd, ˈiˌmoʊʃnəli ˈhɛroʊɪŋ, ˈhaɪli ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈprɔˌsɛs əv trænˈzɪʃən, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˈrɪli pɔrˈtreɪ ɪt ˈækjərətli ər fɪt ɪt ˈɪntu ə plɑt. moʊst əv ðə taɪmz trænˈzɪʃən ʃoʊz əp ɪn ˈmuviz ər ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən, ɛz ə plɑt dɪˈvaɪs. waɪ weɪst taɪm pɔrˈtreɪɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ soʊ ˈkɑmplɛks ənd ˈgræʤuəl wɪn ʤɪst ə ˈlɪtəl hɪnʤ ɪn jʊr ˈnɛrətɪv? ɔl sin ɪt ə ˈmɪljən taɪmz. bɑb goʊz ˈɪntu ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɛz ə bɪg, ˈbərli, ˈmænli dud. aʊt wɔks rəˈbərtə ɪn hər hilz ənd mini-skirt*, wɪθ hər brɛsts ˈsədənli ˈmæʤɪkəli ˈhævɪŋ əˈpɪrd aʊt əv ˈnoʊˌwɛr, hər hɛr mərˈækjələsli 12 ˈɪnʧɪz ˈlɔŋgər, ənd goʊz ɔf tɪ slip wɪθ ðə fərst ˌənsəˈspɛktɪŋ gaɪ ʃi kən faɪnd. noʊ rɪˈkəvəri taɪm! noʊ peɪn! noʊ bləd! noʊ ˌdaɪˈleɪʃən! noʊ ˈbændɪʤɪz ənd ˈpækɪŋ! noʊ lɔŋ, ˈtidiəs fɔr jɪr ˈprɔˌsɛs fər ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz tɪ du ðɛr brɛst dɪˈvɛləpmənt, skɪn toʊn, ˈbɑdi hɛr, fæt ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən θɪŋ. noʊ ˈɪrəˌteɪtɪŋ ˈligəl ˈhæsəlz wɪθ ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ neɪm ənd ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən. noʊ ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl roller-coaster*. noʊ spɑnˈteɪniəs bərsts əv tɪrz. noʊ vɔɪs ˈtreɪnɪŋ. noʊ jʊr ˈbɑdi ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ənd ˈmænərˌɪzəmz. noʊ æŋˈzaɪəti əˈbaʊt ˈpæsɪŋ. noʊ ˈʤɔɪfəl ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən ðə fərst taɪm ju ˈriəˌlaɪz ju ər ˈpæsɪŋ. noʊ kraɪɪŋ wɪθ ˈhæpinəs ðə fərst taɪm ju dɪˈskəvər ju kən lʊk ɪn ə ˈmɪrər wɪˈθaʊt ˈheɪtɪŋ wət ju si. noʊ ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðə ənd ˈɔkwərdnəs əv bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ deɪt əˈgɛn. noʊ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈlæŋgwɪʤ əv ˈfæʃən ənd haʊ tɪ drɛs. noʊ ˈgɪtɪŋ əˈkəstəmd tɪ brɑs ənd hilz ənd ˈɪrɪŋz ənd əˈnɔɪɪŋ ˈlɪtəl ˈʤuəlri clasps*. noʊ ˈwəndərɪŋ ˈwɛðər ðə ˈbɛtər ˈɔrgæzəmz ər wərθ ðɛr ˌɪnˈfrikwənsi. noʊ ridɪˈskəvərɪŋ jʊr ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti. noʊ lɔŋ, ˈkɑmplɛks ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈjɔrsɛlf wɪθ nu ʤɛnəˈtɑljə ənd ˈlərnɪŋ tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðɛm. noʊ ˈlərnɪŋ wət ju ər ənd ˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈwɛrɪŋ. noʊ ˈgɪtɪŋ neɪl ˈpɑlɪʃ ɔl ˈoʊvər jʊr ˈfɪŋgərz ənd ˈaɪˌlaɪnər ɪn jʊr ˈaɪˌbɔl bɪˈkəz ju ˈnɛvər gɑt ə ʧæns tɪ lərn haʊ tɪ du ðət stəf ɛz ə ˈlɪtəl gərl. noʊ ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt. noʊ ˈluzɪŋ frɛndz. noʊ biɪŋ dɪˈsoʊnd baɪ ˈfæməli. noʊ groʊɪŋ ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə ˈpipəl hu səˈpɔrtɪd ju. noʊ əˈdæptɪŋ tɪ ðə lɔs əv meɪl ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ ənd ˈlərnɪŋ haʊ tɪ dil wɪθ kæt kɔlz. noʊ ˈnəθɪŋ. ˈbeɪsɪkli? noʊ trænˈzɪʃən. nən əv ˈɛni əv ðə stəf ðət meɪks ɪt səʧ ən ˌɪnˈtɛns ənd ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ənd trɔˈmætɪk ənd rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ ənd ˈbjutəfəl ɪkˈspɪriəns. ənd ˈwɛrɪŋ ə mini-skirt*! ˈæftər! wɪʧ ɪn ril laɪf ˈbeɪsɪkli əˈmaʊnts tɪ jʊr ɪnˈtaɪər wərθ əv ˈpɪriədz kənˈdɛnst ˈɪntu ə tu mənθ ˈpɪriəd əv rɪˈkəvəri. ˈblədi, ˈhɔrˌmoʊnəl, ˈmudi, ˈpeɪnfəl rɪˈkəvəri. ənd ʃi goʊz ənd gɪts leɪd, tu. ˈtrɪviəˌlaɪzɪŋ? ˈkɪndə. mɪθ 4 ə trap”*” trænz ˈwɪmən ər ʤɪst geɪ gaɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ əˈtrækt streɪt djudz. si əˈbəv əˈbaʊt ˈjuˈɛs nɑt biɪŋ geɪ gaɪz. bət ðɪs wən goʊz ə lɔt ˈdipər, ə lɔt ˈnæstiər, ə lɔt mɔr dɪˈminɪŋ, ənd ə lɔt mɔr ˈdeɪnʤərəs. ˈdeɪnʤərəs ɪn ðət ə greɪt ˈmɛni trænz ˈwɪmən hæv lɔst ðɛr lɪvz tɪ ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpɑrtnərz hu fɛlt ðeɪ wər ““tricked”*”. ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ““deception”*” ɪz ə ˈtrɪki wən, ənd ɪt kən bi ˈvɛri ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd tɪ ənˈpæk ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈɛθɪkəl dɪˈmɛnʃənz əv dɪˈskloʊʒər ənd wɛr ə trænz riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti laɪz ɪn tərmz əv ˌɪnˈfɔrmɪŋ hər ˈpɑrtnər. fɑr tu bɪg ə ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈtækəl hir, bət ˈzɪniə ʤoʊnz prəˈvaɪdz ə fænˈtæstɪk ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ɪn ðɪs ˈjuˌtub ˈvɪdioʊ. ʤɪst laɪk tɪ seɪ ðət aɪ ˈrɪli θɪŋk ɑr riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ gɪv ju ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ˌɪnˈflɪkt jʊr ˈbɪgətri ənd ɔn ˈjuˈɛs; jʊr riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ æsk (ɪf ðət bɪg ə dil tɪ ju). ənd ɪf ə ˈwʊmən wɑz əˈtræktɪv tɪ ju wən ˈmoʊmənt ənd ə riˈpəlsɪv, laɪɪŋ hɔr ðə nɛkst, wɪn ɔl ðət həz ʧeɪnʤd ɪz ðət ju naʊ noʊ ə ˈlɑrʤli ˌɪˈrɛləvənt ˈditeɪl əv hər ˈhɪstəri, ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz wɪθ jʊr pərˈsɛpʃənz, nɑt hər ˈbɑdi. ðə ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz əv ˈjuˈɛs biɪŋ ““traps”*” ər ə bɪt tu ˈnumərəs tɪ neɪm ðɛm ɔl. ə fju ðət kəm tɪ maɪnd ər ðə ˈbeɪsɪk əˈsəmpʃən ðət ““really”*” mɛn, bɪˈlivɪŋ ðət ɑr dɪˈsɪʒənz ɔl riˈvɑlv əraʊnd ju duɪŋ ðɪs fər jʊr seɪk, nɑt ɑr oʊn (kaɪnd əv laɪk ðə ˈərliər ɪgˈzæmpəl əˈbaʊt haʊ mɛn meɪ ˌɪnˈtərprət haʊ ə ˈwʊmən ˈdrɛsɪz), ðə ˈɪʃuz əv ˈʤɛndər ɪkˈsprɛʃən wɪθ ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃənz, ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt ðət ənd ˌfɛməˈnɪnəti ər ˈɑrtəfɪs ənd feɪk, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. bət aɪ gɛs ðə wən ðət moʊst laɪk tɪ ənˈpæk ɪz haʊ, laɪk ðə ˈθəroʊli dɪˈbəŋkt ˈθɪri əv ““autogynophilia”*”, ɪt lʊks æt trænz ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti ənd ˈmoʊtɪvz θru ə lɛnz əv meɪl ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti ənd ˈmoʊtɪvz. ə ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl meɪl sɪts ɔn hɪz kaʊʧ ənd ɪz ˈflɪpɪŋ θru ə pɔrn ˈmægəˌzin. hi kəmz əˈkrɔs ən æd fər ““shemale”*” pɔrn. hi ˈwəndərz, wʊd ˈɛniˌwən ˈɛvər du ðət? waɪ wʊd ə mæn wɔnt tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈwʊmən? crazy!”*!” (jæ, pʊt əˈsaɪd ðə ˌɪmˈplɪsət ˈmɪzəʤɪni there…*… wi kən tɔk əˈbaʊt ðət səm ˈəðər taɪm) ənd ˈrəðər ðən θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪn tərmz əv waɪ ə ˈwʊmən wʊd wɔnt ə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈbɑdi ənd nɑt ə meɪl wən, hi θɪŋks əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪn tərmz əv waɪ ə mæn wʊd wɔnt ə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈbɑdi. ðə kənˈkluʒənz hi drɔz, beɪst əˈpɑn ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət ə mæn ɪz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli ə ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈeɪʤənt ənd ə ˈwʊmən ɪz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli ə ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɑbʤɛkt, ər ðət ðə ““shemale”*” ɪz duɪŋ ɪt tɪ gɪt leɪd, tɪ əˈtrækt mɛn tɪ ɪm wɪθ hɪz nu hɑt, ˈkərvi, əv ə ˈbɑdi. ˈiðər ðət ər, ɛz ɪn ““autogynophilia”*”, duɪŋ ɪt tɪ hæv hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz hɪz ˈvɛri oʊn ˈpərsɪnəl sɛks ˈɑbʤɛkt. ˈnɛvər maɪnd wət ˈhæpənz tɪ ə trænz ləˈbaɪˌdoʊ ˈdʊrɪŋ hrt*. ˈnɛvər maɪnd ðət fər ˈvɛri ˈmɛni trænz ˈwɪmən, ðət ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm, ɪgˈzæktli wɪn ðə ləˈbaɪˌdoʊ stɑrts dɪˈmɪnɪʃɪŋ, ˈhæpənz tɪ bi wɪn kəˈmɪtmənt ˈɔfən ˈdipənz, ənd ˈɛni rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ daʊts ənd kˈwɛsʧənz ər riˈzɑlvd. fərˈgɛt ðət. ɪt məst bi əˈbaʊt sɛks. bɪˈkəz ɔl ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈbɑdi ɪz gʊd fər: sɛks. raɪt? mɪθ 5 ju sɔrt əv ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪŋ ˌstɛrioʊˈtɪpɪkəl ˈʤɛndər roʊlz? ju ʤɪst goʊɪŋ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈfɛmənən ˌpərsəˈnælɪti minz ju məst bi ˈfiˌmeɪl? ðət pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪt ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ðɛr ər ˈsərtən weɪz ˈwɪmən ənd mɛn ər ““supposed”*” tɪ bi laɪk? məʧ laɪk ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv trænz ˈlɛzbiənz sərvz tɪ dɪˈspruv ðə ““really*, ˈrɪli gay”*” mɪθ, ɪn ðɪs keɪs wi kən pɔɪnt tɪ ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv bʊʧ ər ˈtɑmˌbɔɪ trænz ˈwɪmən. tɑ ˈdiˈeɪ! mɪθ ˈvænɪʃɪz ɪn ə pəf əv ˈlɑʤɪk. bət tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn further…*… ðɪs ɪz əˈbaʊt ə ˈvɛri ˈbeɪsɪk kənfˈjuʒən: læk əv ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti ənd ˈʤɛndər ɪkˈsprɛʃən. ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɪz ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl sɛns əv sɛlf ənd wət wən ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli ɪz. ðə sɛns əv biɪŋ ə mæn ər ə ˈwʊmən (ər boʊθ, ər ˈniðər, ər in-between*, ər ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls). ɪt ɪz dɪˈvɔrst frəm ˈkɑnsɛpts əv wət ə mæn ər ˈwʊmən ɪz ər səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi laɪk, ənd əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˈvɛri məʧ ˌɪˈneɪt ənd ənˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ əˈpɪrz tɪ bi rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˌnʊrəˈlɑʤɪkəl map”*” ənd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ ˈbɑdi- ˈfilɪŋz əv ˈiðər ˈkəmfərt ər ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃən. ˈʤɛndər ɪkˈsprɛʃən ɪz ðə dɪˈgri tɪ wɪʧ ˌpərsəˈnælɪti, ˈɪntərɪsts ənd ˈmænər əv ˌsɛlfɪkˈsprɛʃən ɪz ˈkəlʧərəˌli rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ““masculine”*” ər ““feminine”*” (ər ““androgynous”*”). ðɪs ɪz ˈhɛvəli ˈkəlʧərəˌli ənd ˈsoʊʃəli ˈmidiˌeɪtɪd. wət ɪz rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ˈfɛmənən ɪn wən ˈkəlʧər meɪ bi rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ˈmæskjələn ɪn əˈnəðər. ðɛr sim tɪ bi səm treɪts ðət ər ɪn ˈvɛriɪŋ dɪˈgriz ˌɪˈneɪt tɪ ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl bət ˈʤɛndər ɪkˈsprɛʃən ɪz ən ˌægrəˈgeɪʃən əv ˈmɛni, ˈmɛni, ˈmɛni səʧ treɪts wɪʧ kən əˈkər ɪn ən ˌɪˈmɛns vərˈaɪəti əv ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃənz. ən ˌɪmˈpərfɪkt bət ˈvɛri ˈhɛlpfəl ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn frəm ðə ˈsɛnər fər ˈʤɛndər ˈsænəti (wɪʧ aɪ θɪŋk juzd ˌbiˈfɔr, ˈæˌkʧuəli) kən bi faʊnd hir. wət meɪks ə ˈpərsən trænˈsɛkʃjuəl, ənd ˈmoʊtəˌveɪts wən tɪ pərˈsu ˈfɪzɪkəl trænˈzɪʃən, ɪz ˈtɪpɪkəli ə ˈkɑnflɪkt əv ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti wɪθ ˈfɪzɪkəl, əˈsaɪnd sɛks. ɪt ɪz nɑt ə ˈkɑnflɪkt əv ˈʤɛndər ɪkˈsprɛʃən ər roʊl wɪθ ˈfɪzɪkəl, əˈsaɪnd sɛks. wi trænˈzɪʃən nɑt bɪˈkəz wi fil tu ˈfɛmənən tɪ bi mɛn, ər ðət ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈfɛmənən ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks minz wi məst bi ˈfiˌmeɪl. ðə ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən ɪz fɑr ˈdipər ənd fɑr lɛs ˌænəˈlɪtɪkəl ðən ðət. wi trænˈzɪʃən ˈsɪmpli bɪˈkəz wi noʊ ɑrˈsɛlvz tɪ bi female…*… ˈtoʊtəli ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli əv haʊ wɛl wi du ər du nɑt fɪt ˈɪntu ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪps. hɛns wi ər nɑt ˈsɪmpli ˈbeɪsɪŋ ðɪs ɔf əv ən ˈoʊvərli strɪkt ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˈʤɛndər roʊlz wɛr wi nid tɪ gɪt ɑr ˈbɑdiz tɪ kənˈfɔrm tɪ ə ˈsoʊʃəli ˈmænˌdeɪtɪd ˈbaɪnəˌri. wi ər ˈoʊnli ˈsikɪŋ tɪ gɪt ɑr ˈbɑdiz tɪ kənˈfɔrm tɪ ɑr sɛns əv sɛlf soʊ ðət wi kən fil ðət ðeɪ ər ɑr oʊn ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈkripi groʊs ˈeɪliən ˈθɪŋi ðət ˈhæpənz tɪ bi əˈtæʧt tɪ ˈjuˈɛs. ənd ɑr ɪgˈzɪstəns dɪz nɑt ɪn ˈɛni weɪ səˈpɔrt, pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪt ər rɪˈlaɪ əˈpɑn ðoʊz binaries…*… wi ər ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli trænzˈgrɛsɪŋ ðɛm ənd əˈsərtɪŋ ðət ðeɪ meɪ bi ˈbroʊkən, ənd sometimesmust*. mɪθ 6 ɪf ɑr ˈkəlʧər hæv səʧ strɪkt ˈʤɛndər roʊlz, ðɛr wʊd bi noʊ nid fər trænˈzɪʃən. ðɪs ɪz əˈnəðər mɪˈsteɪk ˈstɛmɪŋ frəm ðə kənfˈjuʒən əv ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti wɪθ ˈʤɛndər ɪkˈsprɛʃən, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ əˈgɛn ðə bɪˈlif ðət ə trænz ˈwʊmən meɪks hər dɪˈsɪʒən bɪˈkəz ʃi ɪz ənˈkəmfərtəbəl wɪθ ðə meɪl ˈʤɛndər roʊl ˈrəðər ðən ðə meɪl ˈbɑdi. ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt rənz ðət, ˈbeɪsɪkli, ɪf wi wər tɪ breɪk daʊn ðə ˈsoʊʃəli ˈɑrbəˌtreɪtɪd ˈbaɪnəˌri ənd straitjacket”*” wi wʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər fil ˈɛni sɛns əv ˈkɑnflɪkt bɪtˈwin ɑr sɛlvz ənd ɑr əˈsaɪnd sɛks. bət, əˈgɛn, wi du nɑt trænˈzɪʃən aʊt əv dɪˈskəmfərt wɪθ ðə meɪl ˈʤɛndər roʊl. wi trænˈzɪʃən aʊt əv dɪˈskəmfərt wɪθ ðə meɪl ˈbɑdi. noʊ ˈmætər haʊ ˈoʊpən, ˌɛnˈlaɪtənd ənd ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti kʊd bi, moʊst ˈwɪmən wʊd goʊ raɪt ɔn ˈfilɪŋ ʤɪst ɛz ˈeɪliəˌneɪtɪd ənd dɪˈstərbd baɪ ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈpinɪs, ə pɛr əv ˈtɛˌstɪkəlz ˈpəmpɪŋ hər fʊl əv ˌtɛˈstɑstərˌoʊn, ə ˈhɛri feɪs ənd ˈbɑdi, ə ˈmæskjələn ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ˈməsəl ənd fæt, ə flæt ʧɛst, ðət əˈsɪdɪk meɪl ˈlɑkər rum smɛl, ˈrədi ˈɔɪli skɪn, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ənd moʊst mɛn wʊd goʊ raɪt ɔn ˈfilɪŋ aʊt ənd əˈpɔld baɪ ˈhævɪŋ ə vəˈʤaɪnə, ˈɛvəri mənθ, ˈhævɪŋ brɛsts, sɔft ənd smuð skɪn, noʊ bɪrd, ə ˈfɛmənən ʃeɪp, waɪd hɪps, ðə ˈraɪzɪŋ ənd ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈsaɪkəl əv ˈɛstrəʤən ənd proʊˈʤɛstərˌoʊn, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ɪz fərst ənd ˈfɔrˌmoʊst əˈbaʊt ˈjuˈɛs ənd ɑr ˈbɑdiz ənd ɑr raɪt tɪ bi ˈhæpi wɪˈθɪn ðɛm, nɑt ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈsoʊʃəl kənˈvɛnʃənz ər ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks əv ˈʤɛndər ər wət ju θɪŋk soʊˈsaɪɪti ʃʊd bi ər wət ju θɪŋk ɪz bɛst fər ˈjuˈɛs. ˈpipəl huz ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɪz ɪn ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪθ ðɛr ˌfɪziəˈlɑʤɪkəl sɛks wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ɪgˈzɪst noʊ ˈmætər haʊ wɛl wi əˈkɑməˌdeɪt fər ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ɪn ˈʤɛndər ɪkˈsprɛʃən. ˈsɑlvɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz əv ˈʤɛndər sɑlv ɔl ðə ˈprɑbləmz əv sɛks. pliz, teɪk ɪt ɛz ə ˈrizənəbəl əˈsəmpʃən ðət θɔt ðɪs stəf θru, ɑr dɪˈsɪʒənz ər ɑr oʊn, ənd wi ʤɪst bɪn dupt baɪ ðə ˈpeɪtriˌɑrki ər ˌwəˈtɛvər. ɪt səks tɪ hæv ˈpipəl hu ər ɑˈstɛnsəbli jʊr ˈælaɪz tɛl ju ˈlɪvɪŋ jʊr laɪf rɔŋ ənd ðət ðə ˈbɪgəst, moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, moʊst ˈdɪfəkəlt, moʊst dɪˈsɪʒən ju ˈɛvər meɪd wɑz ʤɪst ə rɪˈzəlt əv biɪŋ ˈbreɪnˌwɑʃt baɪ ðə ˈsɪstəm, maannnn*. mɪθ 7 soʊ breɪv! noʊ. ə ˈləvli aɪˈdiə, ɪt ɪz, ənd θæŋk ju. aɪ du əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðə ˈsɛnəmənt ənd wi ˈɔfən ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˈhirɪŋ ðət kaɪnd əv θɪŋ. ən ɪˈnɔrməsli ˈtɛmptɪŋ aɪˈdiə, tu, ənd hɑrd tɪ gɪv əp. ɪt wʊd bi tərˈɪfɪk tɪ bɪˈliv ðət ðɪs ˈwəndərfəli breɪv, kərˈeɪʤəs, strɔŋ ˈwʊmən hu ˈoʊvərˈkeɪm ˌənɪˈmæʤɪnəbəl ɑdz tɪ əˈsərt hər tru sɛlf wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz tɪ ə ˈhɑstəl, ˈbɪgətɪd wərld. bət ɪt ʤɪst tru. wi breɪv. skɛrd ənd ɪn trɪˈmɛndəs peɪn ənd ˈdɛspərɪt fər ə weɪ aʊt, ənd ˈrɪli hæv məʧ əv ə ʧɔɪs. ˌɪˈmæʤən biɪŋ ʧeɪst baɪ ə pæk əv sˈnɑrlɪŋ wʊlvz θru ə ˈdɑrkənd, ˈstɔrmi ˈfɔrɪst. ˈnɪpɪŋ æt jʊr hilz, ʤɪst bɪˈhaɪnd, ˈbɑrkɪŋ ənd ˈgroʊlɪŋ wɪθ lɔŋ strɪŋz əv səˈlaɪvə ˈdæŋgəlɪŋ frəm ðɛr bɛrd fæŋz. jʊr ˈbɑdi ɪz ˈeɪkɪŋ ənd sɔr ənd ˈstreɪnɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə ɪgˈzɔsʧən, ʤɪst ˈbɛrli meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ jʊr sprɪnt θru ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv əˈdrɛnələn ənd ðə ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈsərtənti əv dɛθ ʃʊd ju gɪv ɪn. ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn ðə ˈdɑrknəs ənd glum ju ˈsədənli kæʧ ə glɪmps əv laɪt. ju rən təˈwɔrdz ɪt, ˈskrimɪŋ fər hɛlp ɛz bɛst ju kən θru jʊr ˈbərstɪŋ, ˈpæntɪŋ ləŋz. ɪt ɪz ə ˈkæbən. ju ˈfaɪnəli meɪk ɪt tɪ ðə dɔr, ju θroʊ ɪt ˈoʊpən, ənd ʤɪst ɪn nɪk əv taɪm ɛz wən əv ðə wʊlvz ˈlənʤɪz fər jʊr θroʊt, ju slæm ðə dɔr ʃət bɪˈhaɪnd ju. æt læst ɪˈskeɪpt. seɪf. ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈkæbən sɪts ə ˈfrɛndli oʊld mæn sˈmoʊkɪŋ ə paɪp ənd ˈməlɪŋ səm waɪn. ɛz ju stænd ðɛr, ˈʃeɪkɪŋ ənd ˈgæspɪŋ fər brɛθ ənd kraɪɪŋ ənd ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd aʊt əv jʊr wɪts, hi smaɪlz ənd sɪz, ““wow*, ˈrɪli brave.”*.” səm əv ˈjuˈɛs ər breɪv. səm əv ˈjuˈɛs ər strɔŋ. bət nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə keɪs, ənd ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli bi ˌɪnˈfərd frəm ɑr trænˈzɪʃən. wi du wət wi hæv tɪ du, ˌhaʊˈɛvər wi kən, noʊ ˈmætər haʊ skɛrd wi ər. bət ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ɛz ɪt wɑz ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪtəd ɪn blæk swɔn grin baɪ ˈdeɪvɪd ˈmɪʧəl, wən əv maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈnɑvəlz: ɪz biɪŋ skɛrd ənd duɪŋ ɪt anyway.”*.” mɪθ 8 əˈproʊpriˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈbɑdi. əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃən ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈsəmˌwən aɪˈdɛntəˌti. nɑt duɪŋ ðət. ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ɑr aɪˈdɛntəˌti. ɪt ɪz nɑt ən ækt əv əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ˈɛmjəˌleɪt ər ɪkˈsprɛs ɑrˈsɛlvz ɛz ðə ˈəðər, wi ər əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ mɔr ˈækjərətli ənd ˈɑnəstli ɪkˈsprɛs ðə sɛlf. wi trænˈzɪʃən ˈɪntu biɪŋ ə nu ər ˈdɪfərənt ˈpərsən. wi bɪˈkəm mɔr ɑrˈsɛlvz. wi pʊt ɔn ə mæsk, wi teɪk wən ɔf. wi əˈnəðər cliché*é ˈmɛtəfɔr, wi ʤɪst cliché*é ˈmɛtəfɔr. ɪt ɪz nɑt jʊr ˈbɑdi ər sɛks ðət ɪz biɪŋ ɪn ˈɛni weɪ əˈproʊpriˌeɪtɪd ər əˈfɛktɪd. wi ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ɑr oʊn ˈbɑdiz, ɑr oʊn sɛks, spəˈsɪfɪkli ʤɪst traɪɪŋ tɪ fil æt hoʊm wɪˈθɪn them…*…. wɪʧ ɪz ɑr ʧɔɪs tɪ meɪk. ɑr ˈbɑdiz, ɑr ˈʧɔɪsɪz, jæ? mɪθ 9 waɪ ju ʤɪst əkˈsɛpt ˈjɔrsɛlf? waɪ nɑt ʤɪst lərn tɪ bi ˈkəmfərtəbəl wɪθ hu ju ər? ðɪs wən ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli beɪst ɔn əˈnæləʤi tɪ kɑzˈmɛtɪk ˈsərʤəri ənd ˈitɪŋ dɪˈsɔrdərz. ˈæftər ɔl, wi du tiʧ ˈpipəl tɪ du ðɛr bɛst tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðɛr ˈbɑdiz ənd nɑt trit ðɛmˈsɛlvz wɪθ ˈloʊθɪŋ. wi ˈraɪtli tiʧ ˈpipəl ðət ɪz əv greɪt ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns tɪ ˈmɛntəl ənd ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ. ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈɪʃuz ɪz ˈθɛrəpi, ənd tɪ ˌriɪnˈfɔrs, nɑt tɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ən əbˈsɛʃən wɪθ kɑzˈmɛtɪk ˈsərʤəri ər ɪˈneɪbəl ən ˈitɪŋ dɪˈsɔrdər. bət ˈʤɛndər ɪz nɑt ɛz ˈsɪmpəl ɛz ə issue”*”, ənd həz bɪn ˈpruvən ˌənriˈspɑnsɪv tɪ ˈθɛrəpi ənd ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən. ðɛr ər ˈsərtən ˈrizənəbəl ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ə ˈpərsən kən hæv fər ðɛr ˈbɑdi, ənd ðɛr ər ˈsərtən ˈkɑnflɪkts bɪtˈwin ˈbɑdi mæp ər sɛlf ˈɪmɪʤ ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈbɑdi ðət dɪˈzərv tɪ bi əˈdrɛst θru ˈmɛdɪkəl minz. kənˈsɪdər, fər ˈɪnstəns, ðə keɪs əv skɪn græfts fər ə bərn ˈvɪktɪm, ˈplæstɪk ˈsərʤəri fər ˈsəmˌwən wɪθ ən ɪkˈstrim ˈsoʊʃəli ənd ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkli dəˈbɪləˌteɪtɪŋ dɪˈfɔrməti, ər ˌprɔsˈθɛsɪs fər ən ˈæmpjəˈti. ɪn ðiz ˈkeɪsɪz, wi ˈsɪmpli tiʧ. ðət ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs, ʃʊr (ɛz ɪt ɪz wɪθ ˈʤɛndər trænˈzɪʃən), bət wi du prəˈvaɪd ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ənd kˈwɛʃən ər bɪˈlɪtəl ðɛr dɪˈzaɪər fər ɪt. ðeɪ ər ˈoʊnli ˈæskɪŋ fər ə ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈbeɪsɪk ˈlɛvəl əv ˈbɑdəli ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti. ðət laɪn ɪz səˈbʤɛktɪv bət ɪt ɪz ˈprɛzənt. ɪf cisgender*, æsk ˈjɔrsɛlf: wər jʊr ˈʤɛnətəlz tɪ bi lɔst ər dɪsˈfɪgjərd ɪn ən ˈæksədənt, wʊd ju wɔnt ˈsəmˌwən tɪ ʧæˈstaɪz ju fər ˈwɑnɪŋ ə ˌprɔsˈθɛsɪs ər kɑzˈmɛtɪk ˈsərʤəri? ə ˈbɑdi kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ˌɪnˈtərnəl kənˈsɛpʃən əv sɛks ənd ˈʤɛndər ɪz ə ˈpərfəktli ˈrizənəbəl θɪŋ tɪ wɔnt ənd ə ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt θɪŋ tɪ lɪv wɪˈθaʊt. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðiz kaɪnz əv prəˈsiʤərz, ənd ˈʤɛndər trænˈzɪʃən, hæv spɪˈsɪfɪk, dɪˈfaɪnd ənd goʊlz. ˈitɪŋ dɪˈsɔrdərz ənd kɑzˈmɛtɪk ˈsərʤəri du nɑt. ˈsəmˌwən wɪθ ə səˈvɪr ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪˈsɔrdər wɪl, prɪˈzuməbli, ˈnɛvər fil ˈprɪti ər θɪn ɪˈnəf. ðeɪ wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ənˈhæpi, ənd ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz sɑlv ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈɪʃu. ɪn ðə keɪs əv ˈʤɛndər trænˈzɪʃən, ənd kɑzˈmɛtɪk prəˈsiʤərz fər bərnz ənd dɪˈfɔrmətiz, ðɛr ɪz ən ənd ðə prəˈsiʤərz kənˈsɪstəntli ˈproʊdus ə greɪt dil əv ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈbɛnəfɪt wɪθ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn ðə ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ. moʊst ˈmɛdɪkəl prəˈsiʤərz ər nɑt ˈsɪmpli əˈbaʊt səˈsteɪnɪŋ laɪf. ðeɪ ər əˈbaʊt meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ ənd ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ kˈwɑləti əv laɪf. ðət ɪz wət trænˈzɪʃən provides…*… ə kˈwɑləti əv laɪf ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl meɪ ˈrizənəbli ɪkˈspɛkt. noʊ ˈəðər prəˈsiʤər ər ˈtritmənt həz ˈɛvər bɪn ˈpruvən ˈifɛktɪv ər ˈhɛlpfəl ɪn æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə ɪkˈstrim ˈdɛtrəmənt tɪ ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ kɔzd baɪ ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti dɪˈsɔrdər. mɪθ 10 ju ˈrɪli bɪˈkəm ˈfiˌmeɪl. ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz ˈoʊnli kɑzˈmɛtɪk. stɪl ˈtɛknɪkəli ə mæn. aɪ əˈdrɛst məʧ əv ðɪs ə fju wiks əˈgoʊ ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl. ɪt həz ˈʧɪkənz! tɪ ˈsəmərˌaɪz: ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈvælɪd ˈrizən tɪ praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪz ðə ʤəˈnɛtɪk ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv sɛks əˈbəv ɔl ˈəðər ˈæˌspɛkts əv ˈfɪzɪkəl sɛks: ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz, ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks, ˈʤɛnətəl kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ˈkroʊməˌzoʊmz ˈæˌkʧuəli pleɪ ˈnɪrli ɛz məʧ əv ə roʊl ɪn ˈjumən ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌdɪfərˌɛnʧiˈeɪʃən ɛz wi ˈɔfən θɪŋk ðeɪ du. ðə waɪ ˈkroʊməˌzoʊm ɪz ˈmoʊstli dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪtɪŋ ʤəŋk ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ˈoʊnli ril ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz tɪ tərn ðə ˈgoʊnædz ˈɪntu ˈtɛˌstiz. ɪn ən sɛl, wən əv ðə ɛks ˈkroʊməˌzoʊmz ɪz ˌdiˈæktɪˌveɪtɪd. ɛz səʧ, noʊ ril ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ə ““female”*” sɛl ənd ə ““male”*” sɛl. ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌdɪfərˌɛnʧiˈeɪʃən ɪn ˈjumənz ɪz nɑt ʤəˈnɛtɪk ɪn ˈneɪʧər, bət ˈhɔrˌmoʊnəl. ɛz fər ðə ˈmætər əv biɪŋ ““cosmetically”*” female…*… ə trænz ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks ər ɪn noʊ səbˈstænʃəl weɪ ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðət əv ə ˈwʊmən ənd ər fɔrmd θru ðə ɪgˈzækt seɪm ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈprɑsɛsəz. ɪf maɪ brɛsts ər tɪ bi dimd ““cosmetic”*”, soʊ tu məst ðə brɛsts əv ˈɛni ˈwʊmən æt ɔl. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈsɪŋgəl ˈvɛriəbəl wi kən pɔɪnt tɪ ðət səˈʤɛsts ˈsəmˌwən ɪz ““really”*” ˈfiˌmeɪl ər nɑt. duɪŋ soʊ fər ˈɛni ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl treɪt wɪl ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ˌrikˈwaɪər ɪkˈskludɪŋ səm ˈwɪmən frəm ðə ˈkætəˌgɔri. ðɛr ər səm treɪts ðət noʊ trænz ˈwʊmən pəˈzɛsɪz, bət ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˈwɪmən hu pəˈzɛs ðoʊz treɪts ˈiðər. ɛz səʧ, ðɛr ɪz noʊ dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv weɪ ðət ju kən səˈʤɛst trænz ˈwɪmən ər ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈkætəˌgɔri ““woman”*” bət ɔl ˈwɪmən ər ɪn. æt list nɑt wɪˈθaʊt goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu laɪk ˈwɪmən ər ˈrɪli ˈwɪmən bɪˈkəz trænz ˈwɪmən ˈrɪli women”*”. ɪn soʊ fɑr ɛz ðə tərm ““woman”*” ɪz tɪ bi æt ɔl ˈminɪŋfəl ənd kənˈsɪstənt, trænz ˈwɪmən məst bi ˌɪnˈkludɪd. mɪθ 11 dræg kwinz, trænˈsɛkʃjuəlz, transgenders*,, ðə ˈdɪfərəns? fərst, seɪ ““transgenders”*”. ˈpleɪsɪz ðə ˈkætəˌgɔri əˈbəv ðə ˈpərsən. seɪ women/men/people”*”. ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ɪz ən ˈəmˌbrɛlə tərm ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ɔl sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌdiviˈeɪʃən frəm ðə nɔrmz əv ˈʤɛndər ənd sɛks. dræg kwinz, trænˈsɛkʃjuəl ˈpipəl,, ˈfɛtɪʃɪsts, ˈpipəl hu aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɛz ər trans-feminine*, ˈpipəl hu ər genderqueer*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ər ɔl ˌɪnˈkludɪd. trænˈsɛkʃjuəl rɪˈfərz spəˈsɪfɪkli tɪ ˈpipəl hu ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli trænˈzɪʃən frəm wən sɛks tɪ əˈnəðər, ˈjuʒəwəli θru wən ər mɔr ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtritmənts səʧ ɛz ˈhɔrˌmoʊn rɪˈpleɪsmənt ˈθɛrəpi ˈʤɛnətəl ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ˈsərʤəri, ˈjuʒəwəli əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈligəl ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz səʧ ɛz ʧeɪnʤ əv ˈligəl neɪm ənd ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən, ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˈʤɛndər ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən (ˈkloʊðɪŋ, ˈmeɪˌkəp, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.), vɔɪs ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd soʊ ɔn. ðə ˈæʤɪktɪv ““trans”*”, ɛz ɪn woman”*”, ˈjuʒəwəli minz trænˈsɛkʃjuəl bət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz minz ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər. ˈjuʒəwəli klɪr frəm ˈkɑntɛkst. ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, fər ˈɪnstəns, həz bɪn əˈbaʊt trænˈsɛkʃjuəl ˈwɪmən. dræg kwinz ər mɛn (ˈtɪpɪkəli bət nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz geɪ) hu drɛs ɪn ən exaggeratedly*, ˈfiˌmeɪl weɪ fər ðə seɪk əv pərˈfɔrməns ər ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt. ðɛr ɪz ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl ˈɛmfəsɪs pleɪst ɔn ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈpæsɪŋ ɛz ˈfiˌmeɪl bət ˌɪnˈstɛd ɔn ˈhævɪŋ ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˌɑstənˈteɪʃəs ənd fən ˈaʊtˌfɪt. ðɪs ɪz ən ækt əv pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ˈʤɛndər roʊlz, nɑt ən ækt beɪst ɔn ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv ə ˈdipər ˌɪnˈtərnəl sɛns əv sɛlf. ə dræg kwin əˈdɑpts ə ˈfiˌmeɪl pərˈsoʊnə bət wɪl (ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz) hæv ə meɪl ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti. ər mɛn wɪθ ə meɪl ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti hu, fər ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈpɑsəbəl ˈrizənz, ʧuz tɪ ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli drɛs ɪn ˈkloʊðɪŋ ənd ækˈsɛsəriz ənd ˈprɛzənt ɛz ˈfiˌmeɪl. ðə ækts əv ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən ər ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ənd du nɑt rɪˈflɛkt ðɛr self”*”. ə ˈfɛtɪʃɪst ɪz ə hu dɪz soʊ fər ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃənz, du tɪ biɪŋ əraʊzd ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ən ɪˈrɑtɪk θrɪl frəm ðə ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ meɪnˈteɪn ə meɪl ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti ənd ðə ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən ɪz ˈtɛmpərˌɛri. ðiz dɪˈstɪŋkʃənz ər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. ˈsɪriəsli. mɪθ 12 ɪz ʤɪst ən ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən əv ðə ˈmɑdərn ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt, ə ˈsɪmptəm əv ˈwɛstərn ˈkəlʧər. ˈhɔrˌmoʊn rɪˈpleɪsmənt ˈθɛrəpi ənd ˈʤɛnətəl ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ˈsərʤəri ər ˈmɑdərn ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtritmənts dɪˈvɛləpt tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ənd əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ə ˈjumən ˈɪʃu. ˈʤɛndər ˈvɛriəns, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt meɪ ˈvɛri ɪn ɪts ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən, wɪl nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˈsoʊʃəli ækˈsɛptɪd ər əˈkɑməˌdeɪtəd, ənd ɪz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈoʊnli əˈkɑməˌdeɪtəd ɪn ˈvɛri spɪˈsɪfɪk weɪz, əˈkərz ɪn ˈprɪti məʧ ɔl ˈkəlʧərz ənd səˈsaɪɪtiz θruaʊt ˈjumən ˈhɪstəri. ˈmɛni ˈkəlʧərz wər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈfɛrli əkˈsɛptɪŋ ənd ˈtɑlərənt. səm ˈivɪn ˌɪˈmæʤənd aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz tɪ bi əˈspɛʃəli blɛst, ˈləki ər powerful…*… səʧ ɛz ə roʊl fər ˈsərtən nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən fərst ˈneɪʃənz spirit”*” aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz, ðə ˈgæli əv ɪn ˈeɪnʧənt gris, ðə ˌpɛrəˈdɑksəkəli ˈsoʊʃəl ˈstætəs əv ɪn ˈtaɪˌlænd, ðə ˈpɑzətɪv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈstændɪŋ əv ɪn ˈɪndiə praɪər tɪ ˈbrɪtɪʃ kəˈloʊniəl rul (wɪʧ brɔt wɪθ ɪt ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈætəˌtudz təˈwɔrdz ˈʤɛndər ˈvɛriəns), ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ˈʤɛndər ˈvɛriəns həz ɪgˈzɪstəd ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ˈjumən biɪŋz hæv. ɪz ˈsɪmpli ə ˈrɛlətɪvli nu ˈɔpʃən fər æˈdrɛsɪŋ ɪt ənd ˈmitɪŋ ðə nidz əv ˈpipəl wɪθ ə sɛns əv strɔŋ dɪsˈhɑrməni bɪtˈwin ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl sɛks. ɪt kriˈeɪt ˈjuˈɛs, ɪt ɪz ʤɪst ə minz əv əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ lɪv fʊl, ˈhæpi, ˈminɪŋfəl lɪvz ənd fil ˈkəmfərtəbəl ənd æt hoʊm ɪn ɑr ˈbɑdiz. mɪθ 13 ˌɪnˈfɪlˌtreɪtɪŋ ˈspeɪsɪz ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛm ənˈseɪf. fərst əv ɔl, wi ər ˈwɪmən. soʊ ðət. nɑt ʃʊr waɪ ˌwəˈtɛvər dɪˈskəmfərt meɪ əraɪz frəm ə əˈbaʊt ðə θɔt əv ə trænz ˈwʊmən ɪn ðə seɪm ˈbæθˌrum ər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ rum ər ˌwəˈtɛvər, ənd ðə pərˈsivd rɪsk, ʃʊd teɪk ˈprɛsədəns ˈoʊvər ðə ɪkˈstrim dɪˈskəmfərt ənd ˈækʧəwəl ˈfɪzɪkəl rɪsk ðət ə trænz ˈwʊmən wʊd bi fɔrst tɪ ɪnˈdʊr ɪn ˈjuzɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪtiz. ən ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪnˈkaʊnərd rɪˈpitɪdli ɪz tɪ stɑp səm meɪl ˈreɪpɪst ər ʧaɪld məˈlɛstər ər ˌvɔɪˈjur frəm ˈpʊtɪŋ ɔn səm ˈlɪpˌstɪk, ˈkleɪmɪŋ tɪ bi ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər, ənd ðɛn ˈsɛkʃuəli əˈsɔltɪŋ jʊr daughters!”*!” (ˈɑmənəs ˈskɛri ˈɔrgən kɔrd!). well…*… ðɛr həz ˈnɛvər, ˈɛvər bɪn səʧ ən ˈɪnsədənt. noʊ mæn həz ˈɛvər dɪsˈgaɪzd hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər fər ðə seɪk əv ˈpərpəˌtreɪtɪŋ səʧ ə kraɪm. ənd ɪf wət ju ər ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ɪz ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt ənd ˌvɔɪˈjurɪzəm ðɛn ðoʊz ər ðə ˈɪʃuz ju ʃʊd bi ˈtɑrgətɪŋ, ɛˈnæktɪŋ ˈpɑləsiz əˈgɛnst, ənd ðə ˈpipəl hum ju ʃʊd bi ˈdiməˌnaɪzɪŋ. ˈdiməˌnaɪz ənd ˈpənɪʃ ˈɪnəsənt trænz ˈpipəl ˈoʊvər səm waɪld, ˌɪˈmæʤənd ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl. wʊd ju bæn ˈlɛzbiənz frəm fəˈsɪlɪtiz ɔn ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ðɛr ˌvɔɪˈjurɪzəm? noʊ, ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt, ənd ɪkˈstrimli stəˈtɪstɪkəli ənˈlaɪkli fər ˈlɛzbiənz tɪ kəˈmɪt ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt ɪn səʧ ə ˈsɛtɪŋ. but…*… ʤɪst ɛz ənˈlaɪkli fər trænz ˈwɪmən tɪ du soʊ. ənd rɪˈmɛmbər ðət stəf əˈbaʊt ɑr libidos*? ɑr ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti əˈʧivɪŋ ɪˈrɛkʃən ɪf wi ˈivɪn hæv ə ˈpinɪs? ɪf priˈvɛnʃən əv ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈkinli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn, ðɛn pliz stɑrt baɪ ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˌdɪsˈmæntlɪŋ ə ˈkəlʧər ðət ənd ˈwɪmən ənd ˈpleɪsɪz ðɛr juˈmænɪti ɛz ˈsɛkənˌdɛri tɪ ðɛr ˈbɑdiz. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə lɔt əv ˈæŋgər ənd ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈfɛmənɪst kəmˈjunɪti əˈbaʊt ˈəðər taɪps əv ˈspeɪsɪz. ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈprɑmənənt ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪz ðə ˈmɪʃɪgən mˈjuzɪk ˈfɛstɪvəl, wɪʧ ɛnˈfɔrsɪz ə ““womyn-born-womyn”*” ˈpɑləsi (ðoʊ ðeɪ əˈlaʊ trænz mɛn tɪ əˈtɛnd ənd pərˈfɔrm). ˈmɛni əv ðə ˌʤəstɪfɪˈkeɪʃənz ər ˈpɛrəˌlɛl tɪ ðoʊz əv ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn raɪt ɪn fərˈbɪdɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈbɑθˌrumz ənd ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ rumz: ˈrɪli mɛn, ɪt meɪks ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ənˈseɪf (əˈgɛn, ðɛr ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli noʊ ˈdætə ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər tɪ səˈpɔrt ðɪs), tɪ stɑp mɛn frəm əˈtɛndɪŋ ˈəndər ðə priˈtɛns əv biɪŋ trænz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. bət ðɛr ər əˈdɪʃəˌnəli ˈkɑmplɛks ˈɪʃuz. wən ɪz ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈætəˌtudz wɪˈθɪn ˈsərtən ˈbrænʧɪz əv ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm (ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈrædɪkəl feminism)…*)…. ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ ðə ˈʤɛndər ˈbaɪnəˌri (wɪʧ rɪˈleɪts tɪ ðə ju ʤɪst əkˈsɛpt yourselves”*” θɪŋ ənd ðə kənfˈjuʒən əv ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti wɪθ ˈʤɛndər ɪkˈsprɛʃən), ðə wɪrd ˌɪnˈsɪstəns ðət ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈʤɛndər ɪz ə ˈsoʊʃəl construct”*” wi ər ˌnənðəˈlɛs kəmˈplitli baʊnd tɪ ɑr əˈsaɪnd sɛks ənd meɪ nɑt trænˈsɛnd ɪt, ˈmɛni kleɪmz (səʧ ɛz, ˈlɪtərəli: ɪz ɛnˈkoʊdɪd ɔn ðə waɪ chromosome”…*”… ˈæˌkʧuəli kəm əˈkrɔs ðət kleɪm), ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət bɪˈkəz wi lækt ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊdz ənd ðə ˌkɑnˈkɑmətənt ðət wi ˈpɑsəbli ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl ɪkˈspɪriəns. tru ɪn ə sense…*… ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈæˌspɛkts əv ə ˈfiˌmeɪl laɪf aɪ dɪd nɑt ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd səm aɪ ˈnɛvər ʃæl. bət ðɪs ɪz tru əv ˈɛvəri ˈwʊmən. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˌjunəˈvərsəl, ənˈweɪvərɪŋ ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈnɛrətɪv ðət ˈɛvriˌwən ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ɪgˈzæktli əˈlaɪk. ðɛr ər ɛz ˈmɛni ˈstɔriz ɛz ðɛr ər ˈwɪmən. tɪ ækt laɪk ˈɛni ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr θɪŋ biɪŋ ˈæbsənt minz ˈsəmˌwən ““really”*” ə ˈwʊmən ənd ˌəndərˈstænd ˈwʊmənˌhʊd wʊd ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli min ɪkˈskludɪŋ ə hoʊl lɔt əv ˈwɪmən, tu. ɔl əv ðiz ˈnoʊʃənz sim tɪ bi ækts əv ˈbɛndɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈbækwərdz ənd pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˌækrəˈbætɪks tɪ traɪ tɪ dɪsˈgaɪz ðɛr ɛz biɪŋ ˈsəmˌhaʊ ən ɪkˈstɛnʃən əv ðɛr ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm wɪn ɪt ɪn fækt rənz dɪˈrɛkli ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ˈsɛvərəl əv ðə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈtɛnəts əv feminism…*… ðət ɑr lɪvz, ˈʧɔɪsɪz, aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz ənd wət wi du wɪθ ɑr ˈbɑdiz ʃʊd nɑt bi ˈdɪkˌteɪtɪd baɪ ɪkˈstərnəl ˈfɔrsɪz ər fɔrst əˈpɑn ˈjuˈɛs tɪ kənˈfɔrm wɪθ wət soʊˈsaɪɪti tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs ðoʊz wɪθ ɑr ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr əˈnætəmi ər səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi. baɪˈɑləʤi ɪz nɑt ˈdɛstəni. rɪˈmɛmbər? ɪn ˈsəməri, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl əv ðiz mɪskənˈsɛpʃənz stɛm frəm ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət ˈrɪli mɛn, ənd kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs, ɑr lɪvz, ɑr ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz ənd ɑr ˈʧɔɪsɪz θru ə meɪl freɪm əv ˈrɛfərəns. ə ˈwʊmən hu ɪz əˈtræktəd tɪ mɛn ɪz nɑt geɪ. ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ə ˈwʊmən ɛz ə ˈwʊmən dɪz nɑt ˌriɪnˈfɔrs trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈʤɛndər roʊlz, nɔr wʊd ðə ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn əv ðoʊz roʊlz kɔz hər tɪ ˌdɪsəˈpɪr. ə ˈwʊmən wʊd nɑt bi æst tɪ ˈsɪmpli əkˈsɛpt ə meɪl ˈbɑdi. ə ˈwʊmən wʊd nɑt bi əˈkjuzd əv əˈproʊpriˌeɪtɪŋ ˈwʊmənˌhʊd, ər ˌɪnˈfɪlˌtreɪtɪŋ ˈspeɪsɪz. ə ˈbɑdi, ənd ðə ˈæˌspɛkts əv ɪt ðət ˈrɛndər ɪt ˈfiˌmeɪl, ər nɑt ˈsɪmpli kɑzˈmɛtɪk. ɪf ðɛr ɪz wən mɪθ tɪ dɪˈbəŋk frəm wɪʧ ɔl ˈəðərz wʊd ˈpɛrɪʃ, ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət ɑr ˈʤɛndər ɪz nɑt ləˈʤɪtəmət. wi ər ˈwɪmən. ʤɪst θɪŋk əv ˈjuˈɛs ɛz səʧ, ənd gɪt ɪt. eta*: wɪn aɪ sɛd ðət ə ækts əv ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən du nɑt rɪˈflɛkt ðɛr self”*”, aɪ ʃʊd hæv bɪn mɔr klɪr: ɪn ðə keɪs əv ə ˈsiˈdi (ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ə trænz ˈwʊmən ɪn dɪˈnaɪəl hu ˈsɪmpli bɪˈlivz hərˈsɛlf tɪ bi ˈsiˈdi), ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən pərˈsoʊnə mɔr tru ðən ðə meɪl aɪˈdɛntəˌti. boʊθ ər ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðət sɛns əv sɛlf. bət ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ə ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈsiˈdi ənd ə trænz ˈwʊmən ɪz ðət ðə meɪl aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɪz nɑt hɛld tɪ bi fɔls waɪl ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɪz hɛld tɪ bi ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðə meɪl aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɪz stɪl ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv sɛlf ðət ɪz ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli rɪˈtərnd tɪ. ˈɛrər: jʊr rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˈwɪʤɪt ɪz nɑt ɪn ðə ˈwɪʤɪt lɪst. after-entry*] custom-menu-widget*] general-top-body-widget*] give-forms-sidebar*] header-right*] home-bottom*] home-middle*] home-top*] ˈsaɪdˌbɑr] sidebar-alt*] widgets_for_shortcodes*] wp_inactive_widgets*] ˈɛrər: jʊr rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˈwɪʤɪt ɪz nɑt ɪn ðə ˈwɪʤɪt lɪst. ˈnætəli rid ɪz ə ˈblɔgər, kwɪr, rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ˈæˌdɪkt, […]-…]-survivor*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ʃi gɑt hər stɑrt ˈblɔgɪŋ æt, ənd naʊ raɪts fər blɔgz. hər ˈmɛni rɪˈdɪkjələs ˈɪntərɪsts ˌɪnˈklud lɪŋgˈwɪstɪks, ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm, trans-feminism*, anarchism*, ˈʤɛndər ˈθɪri, kwɪr ˈθɪri, ˈpoʊətri, nˈjʊroʊˌsaɪəns, baɪˈɑləʤi, ˈdɔktər hu, ˈkɑmɪk bʊks, kɑrˈtunz, ənd pəŋk rɑk. ʃi wɑz bɔrn wɪθ ə waɪ ˈkroʊməˌzoʊm bət ˈtoʊtəli kɪkt ɪts æs. ˈfɑloʊ hər ɔn tˈwɪtər faʊnd ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈhɛlpfəl? hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs kip ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ mɔr laɪk ɪt baɪ hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs kip ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ mɔr laɪk ɪt baɪ bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˈmɛmbər!

after the most unprecedented of a presidential candidate in us history, the worst may be yet to come, beginning friday with inauguration as president. pro-hillary dark forces call him illegitimate. media scoundrels beat on him relentlessly. whatever he does or says or do or say is criticized. nothing in memory resembles gone on since. the problem trump. system - fantasy democracy, not the real thing. leaders like obama govern by the script handed them, doing the bidding of powerful dark forces running the country. sounding rhetoric scares them, especially talk of getting along with vladimir putin - anathema in infested washington. days before his inauguration, a disgraceful huffington post article contemptuously headlined “hillary clinton is the legitimate president,” saying: “the evidence is clear. hillary clinton is the rightful president-elect, and courts must use the broad discretionary powers with which they are vested to enjoin an illegitimate president from taking office.” shocking stuff, here in america, not in some faraway dictatorship. the evidence is very clear. trump won convincingly. hillary lost whining, whimpering, and groaning, believing it was her turn as a woman to claim the highest office. her defeat let humanity dodge a possible nuclear bullet. saying us courts should intervene on her behalf is seditious or treasonous - promoting coup action to prevent an elected us president from taking office. huffpo: “every major intelligence agency in the country has reached the same conclusion: russian hackers engaged in cyber attacks with the express purpose of helping donald trump win the election.” “they operated at the directive of russian president vladimir putin, apparently motivated by his hatred for clinton.” fact: this is what passes for mainstream news and information - utter rubbish, knowing, or should know, not a shred of evidence suggests russian us election hacking. the whole dirty story was fabricated - a disgraceful scheme to trump and prevent normalizing ties with russia. promoting the notion of hillary as legitimate president is scandalous, stuff commonplace in banana republics or despotic monarchies. it’ll likely continue after trump enters office - instead of focusing solely on how he governs, judging him by what he does or do for good or ill. a rough ride awaits him. fidel advice to hugo chavez before his death applies to trump, saying “(t)ake care what you eat, what they give you to eat. they inject you with i know what.” watch your back is also sound advice, including carefully vetting security personnel assigned for protection. threatening dark forces make survival top priority. stephen lives in chicago. he can be reached atstephen@sbcglobal.net. his new book as editor and contributor is titled "flashpoint in ukraine: how the us drive for hegemony risks iii." http://www.claritypress.com/lendmaniii.html visit his blog site at sjlendman.blogspot.com. listen to cutting-edge discussions with distinguished guests on the progressive radio news hour on the progressive radio network.

ˈæftər ðə moʊst ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd əv ə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt ɪn ˈjuˈɛs ˈhɪstəri, ðə wərst meɪ bi jɛt tɪ kəm, bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ˈfraɪˌdeɪ wɪθ ˌɪˌnɔgjəˈreɪʃən ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt. dɑrk ˈfɔrsɪz kɔl ɪm ˌɪlɪˈʤɪtəmɪt. ˈmidiə ˈskaʊndrəlz bit ɔn ɪm rɪˈlɛntləsli. ˌwəˈtɛvər hi dɪz ər sɪz ər du ər seɪ ɪz ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd. ˈnəθɪŋ ɪn ˈmɛməri rɪˈzɛmbəlz gɔn ɔn sɪns ðə ˈprɑbləm trəmp. ˈsɪstəm ˈfænəsi dɪˈmɑkrəsi, nɑt ðə ril θɪŋ. ˈlidərz laɪk ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈgəvərn baɪ ðə skrɪpt ˈhændɪd ðɛm, duɪŋ ðə ˈbɪdɪŋ əv ˈpaʊərfəl dɑrk ˈfɔrsɪz ˈrənɪŋ ðə ˈkəntri. ˈsaʊndɪŋ ˈrɛtərɪk skɛrz ðɛm, əˈspɛʃəli tɔk əv ˈgɪtɪŋ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn əˈnæθəmə ɪn ˌɪnˈfɛstɪd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. deɪz ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz ˌɪˌnɔgjəˈreɪʃən, ə dɪsˈgreɪsfəl ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈtɛmˌpʧuəsli ˈhɛˌdlaɪnd ˈklɪntən ɪz ðə ləˈʤɪtəmət president,”*,” seɪɪŋ: ˈɛvədəns ɪz klɪr. ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ɪz ðə ˈraɪtfəl president-elect*, ənd kɔrts məst juz ðə brɔd dɪˈskrɛʃəˌnɛri paʊərz wɪθ wɪʧ ðeɪ ər ˈvɛstɪd tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪn ən ˌɪlɪˈʤɪtəmɪt ˈprɛzɪdənt frəm ˈteɪkɪŋ office.”*.” ˈʃɑkɪŋ stəf, hir ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə, nɑt ɪn səm ˈfɑrəˈweɪ dɪkˈteɪtərˌʃɪp. ðə ˈɛvədəns ɪz ˈvɛri klɪr. trəmp wən kənˈvɪnsɪŋli. ˈhɪləri lɔst ˈwaɪnɪŋ, ˈwɪmpərɪŋ, ənd ˈgroʊnɪŋ, bɪˈlivɪŋ ɪt wɑz hər tərn ɛz ə ˈwʊmən tɪ kleɪm ðə haɪəst ˈɔfəs. hər dɪˈfit lɛt juˈmænɪti dɑʤ ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈnukliər ˈbʊlət. seɪɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs kɔrts ʃʊd ˌɪntərˈvin ɔn hər bɪˈhæf ɪz sɪˈdɪʃəs ər ˈtrizəˌnəs prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ku ˈækʃən tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ən ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt frəm ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɔfəs.: ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənsi ɪn ðə ˈkəntri həz riʧt ðə seɪm kənˈkluʒən: ˈrəʃən ˈhækərz ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈsaɪbər əˈtæks wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsprɛs ˈpərpəs əv ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈdɑnəld trəmp wɪn ðə election.”*.” ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd æt ðə dɪˈrɛktɪv əv ˈrəʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn, əˈpɛrəntli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd baɪ hɪz ˈheɪtrəd fər clinton.”*.” fækt: ðɪs ɪz wət ˈpæsɪz fər ˈmeɪnˌstrim nuz ənd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈətər ˈrəbɪʃ, noʊɪŋ, ər ʃʊd noʊ, nɑt ə ʃrɛd əv ˈɛvədəns səˈʤɛsts ˈrəʃən ˈjuˈɛs ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈhækɪŋ. ðə hoʊl ˈdərti ˈstɔri wɑz ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪtɪd ə dɪsˈgreɪsfəl skim tɪ trəmp ənd prɪˈvɛnt ˈnɔrməˌlaɪzɪŋ taɪz wɪθ ˈrəʃə. prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv ˈhɪləri ɛz ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪz ˈskændələs, stəf ˈkɑmənˌpleɪs ɪn bəˈnænə riˈpəblɪks ər dɪˈspɑtɪk ˈmɑnɑrkiz. ˈlaɪkli kənˈtɪnju ˈæftər trəmp ˈɛnərz ˈɔfəs ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ˈsoʊəli ɔn haʊ hi ˈgəvərnz, ˈʤəʤɪŋ ɪm baɪ wət hi dɪz ər du fər gʊd ər ɪl. ə rəf raɪd əˈweɪts ɪm. fɪˈdɛl ədˈvaɪs tɪ ˈjugoʊ ˈʧæˌvɛz ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz dɛθ əˈplaɪz tɪ trəmp, seɪɪŋ kɛr wət ju it, wət ðeɪ gɪv ju tɪ it. ðeɪ ˌɪnˈʤɛkt ju wɪθ aɪ noʊ what.”*.” wɔʧ jʊr bæk ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ saʊnd ədˈvaɪs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkɛrfəli ˈvɛtɪŋ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌpərsəˈnɛl əˈsaɪnd fər prəˈtɛkʃən. θˈrɛtənɪŋ dɑrk ˈfɔrsɪz meɪk sərˈvaɪvəl tɔp praɪˈɔrəti. ˈstivən lɪvz ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ. hi kən bi riʧt æt lendmanstephen@sbcglobal.net*. hɪz nu bʊk ɛz ˈɛdɪtər ənd kənˈtrɪbjətər ɪz ˈtaɪtəld "ˈflæʃˌpɔɪnt ɪn juˈkreɪn: haʊ ðə ˈjuˈɛs draɪv fər hiˈʤɛməni rɪsks iii*." ˈvɪzɪt hɪz blɔg saɪt æt sjlendman.blogspot.com*. ˈlɪsən tɪ ˈkətɪˌŋɛʤ dɪˈskəʃənz wɪθ dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt gɛsts ɔn ðə prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈreɪdiˌoʊ nuz aʊər ɔn ðə prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈnɛtˌwərk.

alan mcconnell is the new coach of the giants' team alan mcconnell will replace tim schmidt as coach of greater western nab team. mcconnell, the giants' director of coaching, will continue working with the team. the club said schmidt, who coached the team in the nab championships, had stepped down to focus on his expanded role with’s talent programs. he also operates a kicking academy business. "when the opportunity arose, it made sense to look internally to continue to build the relationship between our and teams," giants ceo david matthews said. "alan had already assisted our players and coaches across the inaugural season and to secure him in this role is a real win. "importantly, he will continue to be across the program during the season, and return to the program during the off-season." matthews thanked schmidt for his contribution to the inaugural season. "many of the values and processes he implemented will continue into 2018 and beyond," he said. "pleasingly role at will ensure he continues to work with the giants' program as the key person identifying and developing young female talent in new south wales and the act." mcconnell played 37 games for and was the last coach of fitzroy before it merged with the brisbane bears at the end of 1996. he was previously an assistant coach at and the coach. he has been with the giants since 2009.

ˈælən məˈkɑnəl ɪz ðə nu koʊʧ əv ðə ʤaɪənts' tim ˈælən məˈkɑnəl wɪl ˌriˈpleɪs tɪm ʃmɪt ɛz koʊʧ əv ˈgreɪtər ˈwɛstərn næb tim. məˈkɑnəl, ðə ʤaɪənts' dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈkoʊʧɪŋ, wɪl kənˈtɪnju ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə tim. ðə kləb sɛd ʃmɪt, hu koʊʧt ðə tim ɪn ðə næb ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps, hæd stɛpt daʊn tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn hɪz ɪkˈspændɪd roʊl wɪθ ˈtælənt ˈproʊˌgræmz. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɑpərˌeɪts ə ˈkɪkɪŋ əˈkædəmi ˈbɪznɪs. "wɪn ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti əroʊz, ɪt meɪd sɛns tɪ lʊk ˌɪnˈtərnəli tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ bɪld ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ɑr ənd timz," ʤaɪənts ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈdeɪvɪd ˈmæθjuz sɛd. "ˈælən hæd ɔˈrɛdi əˈsɪstɪd ɑr pleɪərz ənd ˈkoʊʧɪz əˈkrɔs ðə ˌɪˈnɔgərəl ˈsizən ənd tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ɪm ɪn ðɪs roʊl ɪz ə ril wɪn. "ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, hi wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ bi əˈkrɔs ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsizən, ənd rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə off-season*." ˈmæθjuz θæŋkt ʃmɪt fər hɪz ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə ˌɪˈnɔgərəl ˈsizən. "ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈvæljuz ənd ˈprɑsɛsəz hi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd wɪl kənˈtɪnju ˈɪntu 2018 ənd bɪɔnd," hi sɛd. "ˈplizɪŋli roʊl æt wɪl ɪnˈʃʊr hi kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ wərk wɪθ ðə ʤaɪənts' ˈproʊˌgræm ɛz ðə ki ˈpərsən aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ənd dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ jəŋ ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈtælənt ɪn nu saʊθ weɪlz ənd ðə ækt." məˈkɑnəl pleɪd 37 geɪmz fər ənd wɑz ðə læst koʊʧ əv ˈfɪtsˌrɔɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt mərʤd wɪθ ðə ˈbrɪzˌbeɪn bɛrz æt ðə ɛnd əv 1996 hi wɑz ˈpriviəsli ən əˈsɪstənt koʊʧ æt ənd ðə koʊʧ. hi həz bɪn wɪθ ðə ʤaɪənts sɪns 2009

​thor, the classic god of thunder in the marvel comics, exploded onto the screen in "thor". the film did well, both with critics and financially, giving marvel even more momentum to push its planed cinematic universe forward. surprisingly though, debut film was a make or break moment for marvel. in a recent interview with the director of the film, kenneth branagh, discussed just how nervous the company was about the film. branagh had the following to say in the interview, as reported by ​comicbook.com: "remember, there were only two pictures in the marvel universe. iron man, genius, the first one. [the incredible] hulk worked as hoped," he continued, "and then [ thor was] number three, it was sink or swim before captain america and then suddenly, oh, it was fine after that. we make iron man 2 and and tickety-boo." "but everybody who was there knows that that was an incredibly sweaty time," he continued. when asked if thor failing would have hurt marvel and the plan for their film timeline, branagh had the following to said, certainly how they felt." what a twist! sounds like thor succeeding was the best thing that could have happened for everyone! thor recently starred in the third film for the character, "thor: ragnarok", which has become a smash hit. looks like everyone has this thunder god to thank for making sure we would continue to enjoy high quality superhero films produced by marvel! "thor: ragnarok" is out now, be sure to check it out! ​​

​​thor*, ðə ˈklæsɪk gɑd əv ˈθəndər ɪn ðə ˈmɑrvəl ˈkɑmɪks, ɪkˈsploʊdɪd ˈɔntu ðə skrin ɪn "θɔr". ðə fɪlm dɪd wɛl, boʊθ wɪθ ˈkrɪtɪks ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli, ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈmɑrvəl ˈivɪn mɔr moʊˈmɛntəm tɪ pʊʃ ɪts pleɪnd ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk ˈjunəˌvərs ˈfɔrwərd. səˈpraɪzɪŋli ðoʊ, ˈdeɪbju fɪlm wɑz ə meɪk ər breɪk ˈmoʊmənt fər ˈmɑrvəl. ɪn ə ˈrisənt ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə fɪlm, ˈkɛnɪθ ˈbrænəg, dɪˈskəst ʤɪst haʊ ˈnərvəs ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz əˈbaʊt ðə fɪlm. ˈbrænəg hæd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ tɪ seɪ ɪn ðə ˈɪntərvˌju, ɛz ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ ​​comicbook.com*: "rɪˈmɛmbər, ðɛr wər ˈoʊnli tu ˈpɪkʧərz ɪn ðə ˈmɑrvəl ˈjunəˌvərs. aɪərn mæn, ˈʤinjəs, ðə fərst wən. [ðə ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl] həlk wərkt ɛz hoʊpt," hi kənˈtɪnjud, "ənd ðɛn θɔr wɑz] ˈnəmbər θri, ɪt wɑz sɪŋk ər swɪm ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkæptən əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ðɛn ˈsədənli, oʊ, ɪt wɑz faɪn ˈæftər ðət. wi meɪk aɪərn mæn 2 ənd ənd tickety-boo*." "bət ˈɛvriˌbɑdi hu wɑz ðɛr noʊz ðət ðət wɑz ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli sˈwɛti taɪm," hi kənˈtɪnjud. wɪn æst ɪf θɔr ˈfeɪlɪŋ wʊd hæv hərt ˈmɑrvəl ənd ðə plæn fər ðɛr fɪlm ˈtaɪmlaɪn, ˈbrænəg hæd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ tɪ sɛd, ˈsərtənli haʊ ðeɪ fɛlt." wət ə twɪst! saʊnz laɪk θɔr səkˈsidɪŋ wɑz ðə bɛst θɪŋ ðət kʊd hæv ˈhæpənd fər ˈɛvriˌwən! θɔr ˈrisəntli stɑrd ɪn ðə θərd fɪlm fər ðə ˈkɛrɪktər, "θɔr: ragnarok*", wɪʧ həz bɪˈkəm ə smæʃ hɪt. lʊks laɪk ˈɛvriˌwən həz ðɪs ˈθəndər gɑd tɪ θæŋk fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr wi wʊd kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ haɪ kˈwɑləti ˌsupərˈhiroʊ fɪlmz prəˈdust baɪ ˈmɑrvəl! "θɔr: ragnarok*" ɪz aʊt naʊ, bi ʃʊr tɪ ʧɛk ɪt aʊt!

the number of patients waiting to be admitted for operations or other treatment in june was a quarter of a million higher than in the same month last year, official figures show. labour claimed that overflowing accident and emergency departments and cuts to nursing jobs were to blame for the figures, which were published by england on thursday. but the department for health insisted that average waiting times are remaining stable and said demand for services had increased significantly since 2010. the figures come after a report by monitor, the regulator, which warned that some trusts were cancelling non-emergency procedures to deal with a higher load of emergency cases, resulting in longer waiting times. the "referral to treatment" data reveals that waiting lists, which have hovered around million patients in recent years, reached million in june, the highest level since may 2008. however, the figures also show that the median waiting time for treatment is currently weeks the same duration as in june 2012. a&e departments have been under growing strain with ministers blaming a rapid rise in demand for emergency care, but opponents have claimed the introduction of the 111 non-emergency phone line and restructuring of the have made the problem worse. andrew gwynne mp, shadow health minister, said: “this year, thousands of extra patients are facing the agony of a operation being cancelled as overflowing departments need more and more hospital beds. “david cameron wasted billion on an that took the focus off patient care. at the same time, almost five thousand nursing jobs were axed and cuts to older people's care budgets left thousands more vulnerable people arriving at." a department of health spokeswoman said: "the is performing well it is treating over a million patients a month. "but despite this average waiting times are low and stable and the number of patients waiting longer than 18 weeks is nearly lower than in may 2010, and the number of people waiting for more than a year to start treatment is the lowest it has ever been."

ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpeɪʃənz ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ bi ədˈmɪtəd fər ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ər ˈəðər ˈtritmənt ɪn ʤun wɑz ə kˈwɔrtər əv ə ˈmɪljən haɪər ðən ɪn ðə seɪm mənθ læst jɪr, əˈfɪʃəl ˈfɪgjərz ʃoʊ. ˈleɪbər kleɪmd ðət ˈoʊvərˌfloʊɪŋ ˈæksədənt ənd ˈimərʤənsi dɪˈpɑrtmənts ənd kəts tɪ ˈnərsɪŋ ʤɑbz wər tɪ bleɪm fər ðə ˈfɪgjərz, wɪʧ wər ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ˈɪŋglənd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. bət ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt fər hɛlθ ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ˈævərɪʤ ˈweɪtɪŋ taɪmz ər rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈsteɪbəl ənd sɛd dɪˈmænd fər ˈsərvɪsɪz hæd ˌɪnˈkrist sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli sɪns 2010 ðə ˈfɪgjərz kəm ˈæftər ə rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ˈmɑnətər, ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər, wɪʧ wɔrnd ðət səm trəsts wər ˈkænsəlɪŋ ˌnɑnɪˈmərʤənsi prəˈsiʤərz tɪ dil wɪθ ə haɪər loʊd əv ˈimərʤənsi ˈkeɪsɪz, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ˈlɔŋgər ˈweɪtɪŋ taɪmz. ðə "rɪˈfərəl tɪ ˈtritmənt" ˈdætə rɪˈvilz ðət ˈweɪtɪŋ lɪsts, wɪʧ hæv ˈhəvərd əraʊnd ˈmɪljən ˈpeɪʃənz ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, riʧt ˈmɪljən ɪn ʤun, ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl sɪns meɪ 2008 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈfɪgjərz ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊ ðət ðə ˈmidiən ˈweɪtɪŋ taɪm fər ˈtritmənt ɪz ˈkərəntli wiks ðə seɪm ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ɛz ɪn ʤun 2012 dɪˈpɑrtmənts hæv bɪn ˈəndər groʊɪŋ streɪn wɪθ ˈmɪnɪstərz ˈbleɪmɪŋ ə ˈræpɪd raɪz ɪn dɪˈmænd fər ˈimərʤənsi kɛr, bət əˈpoʊnənts hæv kleɪmd ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ðə 111 ˌnɑnɪˈmərʤənsi foʊn laɪn ənd riˈstrəkʧərɪŋ əv ðə hæv meɪd ðə ˈprɑbləm wərs. ˈændru gwɪn mp*, ˈʃæˌdoʊ hɛlθ ˈmɪnɪstər, sɛd: jɪr, ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈɛkstrə ˈpeɪʃənz ər ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə ˈægəni əv ə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən biɪŋ ˈkænsəld ɛz ˈoʊvərˌfloʊɪŋ dɪˈpɑrtmənts nid mɔr ənd mɔr ˈhɑˌspɪtəl bɛdz. ˈkæmərən ˈweɪstɪd ˈbɪljən ɔn ən ðət tʊk ðə ˈfoʊkɪs ɔf ˈpeɪʃənt kɛr. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈɔlˌmoʊst faɪv ˈθaʊzənd ˈnərsɪŋ ʤɑbz wər ækst ənd kəts tɪ ˈoʊldər ˈpipəlz kɛr ˈbəʤɪts lɛft ˈθaʊzənz mɔr ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈpipəl ərˈaɪvɪŋ æt." ə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv hɛlθ ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən sɛd: "ðə ɪz pərˈfɔrmɪŋ wɛl ɪt ɪz ˈtritɪŋ ˈoʊvər ə ˈmɪljən ˈpeɪʃənz ə mənθ. "bət dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs ˈævərɪʤ ˈweɪtɪŋ taɪmz ər loʊ ənd ˈsteɪbəl ənd ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpeɪʃənz ˈweɪtɪŋ ˈlɔŋgər ðən 18 wiks ɪz ˈnɪrli loʊər ðən ɪn meɪ 2010 ənd ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl ˈweɪtɪŋ fər mɔr ðən ə jɪr tɪ stɑrt ˈtritmənt ɪz ðə loʊəst ɪt həz ˈɛvər bɪn."

vinayak (1883-1966) in popular imagination as ‘veer’ not only refrained from participating in the freedom struggle after the british released him from prison on account of his relentless pleas for mercy, but also actively collaborated with the english rulers to whom he had declared his loyalty. at the time when chandra bose was raising his indian national army to confront the british in india, helped the colonial government recruit of indians into its armed forces. he further the freedom movement by pushing his ideology, which deepened the communal divide at a time when a united front against colonial rule was needed. post independence, was also implicated in mahatma murder. such is the man who was declared by prime minister modi to be “the true son of mother india and inspiration for many people”, in his twitter to on his birth anniversary on may 28 last year. in 2015, commemorating on his birth anniversary, the prime minister bowed before a portrait of the icon in remembrance of “his indomitable spirit and invaluable contribution to history”. finance minister was quick to follow up on the act. “today, on birth anniversary of veer, let us remember & pay tribute to this great freedom fighter & philosopher,” he tweeted. and somewhere in the stream of twitter accolades from numerous ministers that followed, the tv anchor joined the chorus, albeit with a caveat. while he disagreed “with his ideology”, said he honoured’s “spirit as freedom fighter”. a freedom fighter he definitely was, for a certain period in the first decade of the previous century, long before begun articulating the notion of. was then an atheist and a rationalist, who had started out on a revolutionary road to rid india of her colonial yoke, asserting: “whenever the natural process of national and political evolution is violently suppressed by the force of wrong, the revolution must step in as a natural reaction and therefore ought to be welcomed as the only effective instrument to truth and right.” on sailing to england to study law in 1906, founded the free india society to indian students studying in england to fight for independence. in a famous declaration before the society, he said: “we must stop complaining about this british officer or that officer, this law or that law. there would be no end to that. our movement must not be limited to being against any particular law, but it must be for acquiring the authority to make laws itself. in other words, we want absolute independence.” however, when the time came to pay the price for being a revolutionary under an oppressive colonial government, found himself converted and transformed into “the staunchest advocate of loyalty to the english government”, to use his own words. this was after he was arrested and sentenced to serve 50 years in the infamous cellular jail on the islands after he was found guilty of supplying the pistol that a member of the society used to assassinate the then collector of nasik, a.m.t. jackson, in 1909. ‘veer’ pleading with the british for mercy barely a month into the hardships of prison, wrote his first mercy petition, which was rejected in 1911. the second mercy petition, which he wrote in 1913, starts with bitter complaints about other convicts from his party receiving better treatment than him: “when i came here in 1911 june, i was along with the rest of the convicts of my party taken to the office of the chief commissioner. there i was classed as “d” meaning dangerous prisoner; the rest of the convicts were not classed as “d”. then i had to pass full 6 months in solitary confinement. the other convicts had not… although my conduct during all the time was exceptionally good still at the end of these six months i was not sent out of the jail; though the other convicts who came with me were. …for those who are term convicts the thing is different, but sir, i have 50 years staring me in the face! how can i pull up moral energy enough to pass them in close confinement when even those concessions which the of convicts can claim to smoothen their life are denied to me?” then, after confessing that he was misguided into taking the revolutionary road because of the “excited and hopeless situation of india in, he concluded his november 14, 1913 petition by assuring the british of his conscientious conversion. “[i]f the government in their manifold beneficence and mercy release me,” he wrote, “i for one cannot but be the staunchest advocate of… loyalty to the english government (emphasis added)”. “moreover,” he went on to say, making an offer which few freedom fighters could even think of making, “my conversion to the constitutional line would bring back all those misled young men in india and abroad who were once looking up to me as their guide. i am ready to serve the government in any capacity they like, for as my conversion is mighty alone can afford to be merciful and therefore where else can the prodigal son return but to the paternal doors of the government?” in his fourth mercy petition, dated march 30, 1920, told the british that under the threat of an invasion from the north by the “fanatic hordes of asia” who were posing as “friends”, he was convinced that “every intelligent lover of india would heartily and loyally with the british people in the interests of india herself.” after reassuring the colonial government that he was trying his “humble best to render the hands of the british dominion a bond of love and respect,” went on to exalt the english empire: “such an empire as is foreshadowed in the proclamation, wins my hearty adherence”. “but”, he added: “if the government wants a further security from me then i and my brother are perfectly willing to give a pledge of not participating in politics for a definite and reasonable period that the government would indicate… this or any pledge, e.g., of remaining in a particular province or reporting our movements to the police for a definite period after our release any such reasonable conditions meant genuinely to ensure the safety of the state would be gladly accepted by me and my brother.” finally, after spending ten years in the cellular jail and writing many mercy petitions,, along with his brother, was shifted to a prison in in 1921, before his subsequent release in 1924 on the condition of the confinement of his movements to the district and his non participation in political activities. these restrictions were lifted only in 1937. self-glorification of a defeated man one might have argued in 1924 that the promises he made about his love and loyalty to the british, about his readiness to serve the government in any capacity required and so on were a part of a tactical ploy perhaps one inspired by employed to make his way out of prison so that he could continue his freedom struggle. however, history has proven him to be a man of ‘honour’, who stood by the promise he made to the colonial government. how then, one might wonder, did acquire the title ‘veer’? a book titled life of barrister authored by was the first biography of, published in 1926. was glorified in this book for his courage and deemed a hero. and two decades after’s death, when the second edition of this book was released in 1987 by the veer prakashan, the official publisher of’s writings, revealed in its preface that “chitragupta is none other than veer”. in this autobiography masquerading as a biography written by a different author, assures the reader that: “savarkar is born hero, he could almost despise those who shirked duty for fear of consequences. if once he rightly or wrongly believed that a certain system of government was iniquitous, he felt no scruples in devising means to eradicate the evil.” without mincing words in the name of modesty or moderating the use of adjectives in the name of literary minimalism, wrote that “seemed to posses no few distinctive marks of character, such as an amazing presence of mind, indomitable courage, confidence in his capability to achieve great things”. “who,” he asked about himself, “could help admiring his courage and presence of mind?” perhaps in polite society, we ought to quietly look the other way with an embarrassed smile when an ex-revolutionist, after breaking down in prison, indulges in under the cover of a pen name after his release. and, indeed, no one who did not suffer the conditions the inmates of that infamous prison on the islands had to endure, can claim the right to castigate for refusing to contribute to the freedom movement after he was released from jail. but his purporting of an ideology which the freedom movement by deepening the divisions along sectarian lines and his active rendering of support to the british government which was determined to subdue the struggle was a betrayal that must be hard to forgive, especially for a ‘patriot’ and a ‘nationalist’. derailing the freedom movement with his ideology the sectarian mindset, which eventually culminated into the articulation of ideology, was evident as sharma has demonstrated in: exploring the idea of hindu nationalism in the early, that too from a tender age. only a boy of 12,, leading a pack of his schoolmates, attacked a mosque in the aftermath of the riots in bombay and in. holding back the muslim boys of the village using “knives, pins and foot rulers”, and his friends mounted their attack, “showering stones on the mosque, shattering its windows and tiles”. recollecting the incident, he later wrote, “we the mosque to our content and raised the flag of our bravery on it.” when the news of hindus killing muslims in the riots and its aftermath reached him, little and his friends “would dance with joy”. the sectarian nature of’s social and political thinking not only bred in him a resentment against muslims but also clouded his understanding of historical events, leading him to perceive the 1857 war of indian independence as a retaliation by hindus and muslims against christianity, in response to efforts to india. in his 1909 book, the war of independence of 1857, published during his revolutionary days, years before he had declared his loyalty to the british government, wrote, quoting justin mccarthy, “the and the hindu forgot their old religious antipathies to join against the christian.” what was to stop the british government, which had passed a law against the practice of (widow burning), from meddling further with hindu customs by passing a law against idolatry, he asked. after all, “[t]he english hated idolatry as much as they did suttee.” describing a process he perceived to be the destruction of hinduism and islam in india, wrote in his book:: “the (government) had already begun to pass one law after another to destroy the foundations of the hindu and religions. railways had already been constructed, and carriages had been built in such a way as to offend the caste prejudices of the hindus. the larger mission schools were being helped with huge grants from the. lord canning himself distributed thousands of rupees to every mission, and from this fact it is clear that the wish was strong in the heart of lord canning that all india should be christian.” thes, according to, were the primary targets in this mission to spread christianity in india. “[i]f any accepted the christian religion he was praised loudly and treated honourably; and this was promoted in the ranks and his salary increased, in the face of the superior merits of the others!” “everywhere”, he argued, “there was a strong conviction that the government had determined to destroy the religions of the country and make christianity the paramount religion of the land”. by thus giving religion an unwarranted centrality in his analysis of the causes of the rebellion,, says sharma, expressed jubilation in his accounts of the rebellion “at every instance of a church being felled, a cross being smashed and every christian being ‘sliced’.” while the seeds of had been sown in his mind at a very young age, the poison fruit of ideology was to blossom only in his late 20s, after’s will to fight the british (or the christians, as he often referred to them in his book on the 1857 uprising) had been defeated during his imprisonment. it was during his last few years of imprisonment that first articulated the concept of in his book, essentials of, which was published in 1923 and reprinted as “hindutva: who is a hindu?” in 1928. this ideology was a deeply divisive one which had the potential to distract attention from the british and cast it on muslims instead. while he was careful to specify that, or ‘hinduness’, was different from hinduism and encompassed a wide range of cultures including, among others, the “sanatanists, satnamis, sikhs, aryas, anaryas, and madrasis, and panchamas”, he nonetheless made it a point to warn that it “would be straining the usage of words too much we fear, to the point of breaking if we call a a hindu because of his being a resident of india.” “mohammedan or christian communities”, he argued, “possess all the essential qualifications of but one and that is that they do not look upon india as their”. a cohesive nation, according to, can ideally be built only by those people who inhabit a country which is not only the land of their forefathers, but “also the land of their gods and angels, of seers and prophets; the scenes of whose history are also the scenes of their mythology.” the love and loyalty of muslims, he warned, “is, and must necessarily be divided between the land of their birth and the land of their prophets…s would naturally set the interests of their above those of their motherland”. one might wonder whether this line of reasoning implies that muslims cannot be nationals of pakistan or afghanistan either, because they would place the interests of saudi arabia, wherein lie mecca and madina, above the interests of their own country. back in the 1920s, the damage that could be done to the freedom movement by his ideology did not fail to come to the notice of the colonial government. even though was released on condition that he should not participate in political activities, he was allowed by the british to the, which undertook what is in lingo called “ghar wapsi” and played music in front of mosques while prayers were on. he was also allowed to meet k.b., a disillusioned congressman, who, inspired by his ideology of, intended to discuss with him a strategy for creating a hindu rashtra. a few months after this meeting, in september 1925, founded the rss, a communal organisation which, like, remained subservient to the british. in spite of the blanket ban on political participation, islam pointed out: “the british rulers naturally overlooked these political activities as the future of colonial rule in india rested on the communal divide and was leaving no stone unturned in aggravating the divide.” collaboration with the colonial government savarkar was elected as the president of hindu in 1937, the year when the indian national congress won what we today call a landslide victory in the provincial elections, decimating both the hindu and that other communal party, the muslim league, which failed to form a government even in regions. but just two years later, the congress relinquished power in protest when, at the outbreak of the second world war, the viceroy, lord, declared india to be at war with germany without any consultation. in september 1939, the working committee of the congress declared that it would render support to war efforts in her time of crisis only if the colonial government recognised independence and “the right of her people to frame their constitution through a constituent assembly”. when dominion status was the last concession was willing to grant to india, the ministers of the congress resigned in protest. quick to grab the opportunity, the very next month,, in his capacity as president of the hindu, met. in the report about the meeting sent to secretary of state, wrote: “the situation, he [savarkar] said, was that his government must now turn to the hindus and work with their support…. our interests were now the same and we must therefore work together… our interests are so closely bound together, the essential thing is for hinduism and great britain to be friends and the old antagonism was no longer necessary. the hindu he went on to say an unambiguous undertaking of dominion status at the end of the war.” two months later, addressing the’s calcutta session, urged all universities, colleges and schools to “secure entry into military forces for youths in any and every way.” when gandhi had launched his individual the following year,, at the session held in december 1940 in madura, encouraged hindu men to enlist in “various branches of british armed forces en masse.” in 1941, taking advantage of the world war, bose had begun raising an army to fight the british by recruiting indian prisoners of war from the british army held by the axis powers efforts which eventually culminated in his invasion of british india with the help of the japanese military. during this period, addressing the hindu session at in 1941, told his followers: “..it must be noted that entry into the war has exposed us directly and immediately to the attack byites must, therefore, rouse hindus especially in the provinces of bengal and assam as effectively as possible to enter the military forces of all arms without losing a single minute.” in reciprocation, the british commander-in-chief, “expressed his grateful appreciation of the lead given by barrister in exhorting the hindus to join the forces of the land with a view to defend india from enemy attacks,” according to hindu archives perused by islam. in response to the quit india movement launched in august 1942, instructed hindu who were “members of municipalities, local bodies, legislatures or those serving in the army… to stick to their posts,” across the country. at that time, when japan had conquered many southeast asian countries in vicinity, bose was making arrangements to go from germany to japan from whose occupied territories the assault on british forces was launched in october the following year. it was under these circumstances that not only instructed those serving in the british army to ‘stick to their posts’, but had also been involved for years in “organising recruitment camps for the british armed forces which were to slaughter the cadres of ina in different parts of north-east later.” in one year alone, had boasted in madura, one hindus were recruited into the british armed forces as a result of the’s efforts. even though the british army, with which and the hindu were collaborating, managed to defeat ina, the subsequent public trials of ina officers at the red fort roused in the indian soldiers of the british armed forces a political conscience, which played a crucial role in triggering the royal indian naval mutiny in 1946, after which the decision was made by the british to leave india. in coalition with the muslim league when pakistan resolution was passed that and the hindu actively collaborated with the british may not be difficult to comprehend, since it is widely known that the groups regarded muslims, and not the british, as their primary enemies. what is likely to raise more eyebrows today is the collaboration of the hindu with the muslim league. when the congress leaders were arrested during the quit india movement, the hindu, still presided over by, entered into a coalition with the muslim league to run the governments in and bengal a move justified as “practical politics” which calls for “advance through reasonable compromises”. after all, in spite of the conviction by and his party that the muslims whose holy land lies in a foreign country cannot be regarded as indian nationals, the hindu nevertheless had a great deal in common with the muslim league. both parties made no contribution to the struggle for independence from the empire and both were communal parties whose ideologies the prospects of india remaining undivided after independence. even after the assembly passed a resolution in 1943 demanding that pakistan be carved out of india as a separate state for the muslims, the ministers continued to hold their positions in the coalition government. not entirely surprising, given that had put forth his theory “a clear sixteen years before the muslim league embraced the idea of the hindus and the muslims as two distinctive nations and demanded the division of india.” and when india was eventually partitioned, blamed gandhi for allowing pakistan to break away from india, an accusation that stoked the fires of hatred against gandhi among many of his close devotees, including his ‘lieutenant’ godse. the second part of this series will focus on’s role in assassination. pavan kulkarni is a freelance journalist.

vinayak* ɪn ˈpɑpjələr ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən ɛz savarkar’*’ nɑt ˈoʊnli rɪˈfreɪnd frəm pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfridəm ˈstrəgəl ˈæftər ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ riˈlist ɪm frəm ˈprɪzən ɔn əˈkaʊnt əv hɪz rɪˈlɛntlɪs pliz fər ˈmərsi, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈæktɪvli kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈrulərz tɪ hum hi hæd dɪˈklɛrd hɪz ˈlɔɪəlti. æt ðə taɪm wɪn ˈʧændrə boʊz wɑz ˈreɪzɪŋ hɪz ˈɪndiən ˈnæʃənəl ˈɑrmi tɪ kənˈfrənt ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ɪn ˈɪndiə, hɛlpt ðə kəˈloʊniəl ˈgəvərnmənt rɪˈkrut əv ˈɪndiənz ˈɪntu ɪts ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz. hi ˈfərðər ðə ˈfridəm ˈmuvmənt baɪ ˈpʊʃɪŋ hɪz ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi, wɪʧ ˈdipənd ðə kəmˈjunəl dɪˈvaɪd æt ə taɪm wɪn ə juˈnaɪtɪd frənt əˈgɛnst kəˈloʊniəl rul wɑz ˈnidɪd. poʊst ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns, wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪtɪd ɪn məˈhɑtmə ˈmərdər. səʧ ɪz ðə mæn hu wɑz dɪˈklɛrd baɪ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈmoʊdi tɪ bi tru sən əv ˈməðər ˈɪndiə ənd ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən fər ˈmɛni people”*”, ɪn hɪz tˈwɪtər tɪ ɔn hɪz bərθ ˌænəˈvərsəri ɔn meɪ 28 læst jɪr. ɪn 2015 kəˈmɛmərˌeɪtɪŋ ɔn hɪz bərθ ˌænəˈvərsəri, ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər boʊd ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˈpɔrtrət əv ðə ˈaɪkɑn ɪn riˈmɛmbrəns əv ˌɪnˈdɑmətəbəl ˈspɪrɪt ənd ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ history”*”. ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstər wɑz kwɪk tɪ ˈfɑloʊ əp ɔn ðə ækt. ““today*, ɔn bərθ ˌænəˈvərsəri əv vɪr, lɛt ˈjuˈɛs rɪˈmɛmbər peɪ ˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðɪs greɪt ˈfridəm ˈfaɪtər philosopher,”*,” hi tweeted*. ənd ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn ðə strim əv tˈwɪtər ˈækəˌleɪdz frəm ˈnumərəs ˈmɪnɪstərz ðət ˈfɑloʊd, ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈæŋkər ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈkɔrəs, ɔlˈbiɪt wɪθ ə ˈkeɪviˌæt. waɪl hi dɪsəˈgrid hɪz ideology”*”, sɛd hi ˈɑnərd ɛz ˈfridəm fighter”*”. ə ˈfridəm ˈfaɪtər hi ˈdɛfənətli wɑz, fər ə ˈsərtən ˈpɪriəd ɪn ðə fərst ˈdɛkeɪd əv ðə ˈpriviəs ˈsɛnʧəri, lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈbeɪgən ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv. wɑz ðɛn ən ˈeɪθiəst ənd ə rationalist*, hu hæd ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt ɔn ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri roʊd tɪ rɪd ˈɪndiə əv hər kəˈloʊniəl joʊk, əˈsərtɪŋ: ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈnæʃənəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɛvəˈluʃən ɪz ˈvaɪələntli səˈprɛst baɪ ðə fɔrs əv rɔŋ, ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən məst stɛp ɪn ɛz ə ˈnæʧərəl riˈækʃən ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɔt tɪ bi ˈwɛlkəmd ɛz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈifɛktɪv ˈɪnstrəmənt tɪ truθ ənd right.”*.” ɔn ˈseɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈɪŋglənd tɪ ˈstədi lɔ ɪn 1906 ˈfaʊndɪd ðə fri ˈɪndiə soʊˈsaɪɪti tɪ ˈɪndiən ˈstudənts ˈstədiɪŋ ɪn ˈɪŋglənd tɪ faɪt fər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns. ɪn ə ˈfeɪməs ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti, hi sɛd: məst stɑp kəmˈpleɪnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɔfɪsər ər ðət ˈɔfɪsər, ðɪs lɔ ər ðət lɔ. ðɛr wʊd bi noʊ ɛnd tɪ ðət. ɑr ˈmuvmənt məst nɑt bi ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ biɪŋ əˈgɛnst ˈɛni ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr lɔ, bət ɪt məst bi fər əkˈwaɪərɪŋ ðə əˈθɔrəti tɪ meɪk lɔz ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, wi wɔnt ˈæbsəˌlut independence.”*.” ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪn ðə taɪm keɪm tɪ peɪ ðə praɪs fər biɪŋ ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈəndər ən əˈprɛsɪv kəˈloʊniəl ˈgəvərnmənt, faʊnd hɪmˈsɛlf kənˈvərtɪd ənd trænsˈfɔrmd ˈɪntu ˈstɔnʧəst ˈædvəˌkeɪt əv ˈlɔɪəlti tɪ ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ government”*”, tɪ juz hɪz oʊn wərdz. ðɪs wɑz ˈæftər hi wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ənd ˈsɛntənst tɪ sərv 50 jɪrz ɪn ðə ˈɪnfəməs ˈsɛljələr ʤeɪl ɔn ðə ˈaɪləndz ˈæftər hi wɑz faʊnd ˈgɪlti əv səˈplaɪɪŋ ðə ˈpɪstəl ðət ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti juzd tɪ əˈsæsəˌneɪt ðə ðɛn kəˈlɛktər əv nasik*, a.m.t*. ˈʤæksən, ɪn 1909 ‘‘veer’*’ ˈplidɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ fər ˈmərsi ˈbɛrli ə mənθ ˈɪntu ðə ˈhɑrdʃɪps əv ˈprɪzən, roʊt hɪz fərst ˈmərsi pəˈtɪʃən, wɪʧ wɑz rɪˈʤɛktɪd ɪn 1911 ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈmərsi pəˈtɪʃən, wɪʧ hi roʊt ɪn 1913 stɑrts wɪθ ˈbɪtər kəmˈpleɪnts əˈbaʊt ˈəðər ˈkɑnvɪkts frəm hɪz ˈpɑrti rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈbɛtər ˈtritmənt ðən ɪm: aɪ keɪm hir ɪn 1911 ʤun, aɪ wɑz əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈkɑnvɪkts əv maɪ ˈpɑrti ˈteɪkən tɪ ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə ʧif kəˈmɪʃənər. ðɛr aɪ wɑz klæst ɛz ““d”*” ˈminɪŋ ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈprɪzənər; ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈkɑnvɪkts wər nɑt klæst ɛz ““d”*”. ðɛn aɪ hæd tɪ pæs fʊl 6 mənθs ɪn ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt. ðə ˈəðər ˈkɑnvɪkts hæd not…*… ˌɔlˈðoʊ maɪ ˈkɑndəkt ˈdʊrɪŋ ɔl ðə taɪm wɑz ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli gʊd stɪl æt ðə ɛnd əv ðiz sɪks mənθs aɪ wɑz nɑt sɛnt aʊt əv ðə ʤeɪl; ðoʊ ðə ˈəðər ˈkɑnvɪkts hu keɪm wɪθ mi wər. ðoʊz hu ər tərm ˈkɑnvɪkts ðə θɪŋ ɪz ˈdɪfərənt, bət sər, aɪ hæv 50 jɪrz ˈstɛrɪŋ mi ɪn ðə feɪs! haʊ kən aɪ pʊl əp ˈmɔrəl ˈɛnərʤi ɪˈnəf tɪ pæs ðɛm ɪn kloʊz kənˈfaɪnmənt wɪn ˈivɪn ðoʊz kənˈsɛʃənz wɪʧ ðə əv ˈkɑnvɪkts kən kleɪm tɪ sˈmuðɪn ðɛr laɪf ər dɪˈnaɪd tɪ me?”*?” ðɛn, ˈæftər kənˈfɛsɪŋ ðət hi wɑz mɪsˈgaɪdɪd ˈɪntu ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri roʊd bɪˈkəz əv ðə ənd ˈhoʊpləs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən əv ˈɪndiə ɪn hi kənˈkludɪd hɪz noʊˈvɛmbər 14 1913 pəˈtɪʃən baɪ əˈʃʊrɪŋ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ əv hɪz ˌkɑnʃiˈɛnʃəs kənˈvərʒən. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn ðɛr ˈmænɪˌfoʊld bəˈnɛfəsəns ənd ˈmərsi riˈlis me,”*,” hi roʊt, fər wən ˈkænɑt bət bi ðə ˈstɔnʧəst ˈædvəˌkeɪt of…*… ˈlɔɪəlti tɪ ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt (ˈɛmfəsɪs added)”*)”. ““moreover,”*,” hi wɛnt ɔn tɪ seɪ, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ən ˈɔfər wɪʧ fju ˈfridəm ˈfaɪtərz kʊd ˈivɪn θɪŋk əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ, kənˈvərʒən tɪ ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl laɪn wʊd brɪŋ bæk ɔl ðoʊz mɪsˈlɛd jəŋ mɛn ɪn ˈɪndiə ənd əˈbrɔd hu wər wəns ˈlʊkɪŋ əp tɪ mi ɛz ðɛr gaɪd. aɪ æm ˈrɛdi tɪ sərv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn ˈɛni kəˈpæsɪti ðeɪ laɪk, fər ɛz maɪ kənˈvərʒən ɪz ˈmaɪti əˈloʊn kən əˈfɔrd tɪ bi ˈmərsɪfəl ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr wɛr ɛls kən ðə ˈprɑdɪgəl sən rɪˈtərn bət tɪ ðə pəˈtərnəl dɔrz əv ðə government?”*?” ɪn hɪz fɔrθ ˈmərsi pəˈtɪʃən, ˈdeɪtɪd mɑrʧ 30 1920 toʊld ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ðət ˈəndər ðə θrɛt əv ən ˌɪnˈveɪʒən frəm ðə nɔrθ baɪ ðə hɔrdz əv asia”*” hu wər ˈpoʊzɪŋ ɛz ““friends”*”, hi wɑz kənˈvɪnst ðət ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt ˈləvər əv ˈɪndiə wʊd ˈhɑrtəli ənd ˈlɔɪəli wɪθ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv ˈɪndiə herself.”*.” ˈæftər ˌriəˈʃʊrɪŋ ðə kəˈloʊniəl ˈgəvərnmənt ðət hi wɑz traɪɪŋ hɪz bɛst tɪ ˈrɛndər ðə hænz əv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ dəˈmɪnjən ə bɑnd əv ləv ənd respect,”*,” wɛnt ɔn tɪ ɪgˈzɔlt ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈɛmpaɪər: ən ˈɛmpaɪər ɛz ɪz fɔrˈʃædoʊd ɪn ðə ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃən, wɪnz maɪ ˈhɑrti adherence”*”. ““but”*”, hi ˈædɪd: ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɔnts ə ˈfərðər sɪˈkjʊrəti frəm mi ðɛn aɪ ənd maɪ ˈbrəðər ər ˈpərfəktli ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ gɪv ə plɛʤ əv nɑt pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks fər ə ˈdɛfənət ənd ˈrizənəbəl ˈpɪriəd ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd indicate…*… ðɪs ər ˈɛni plɛʤ, e.g*., əv rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ɪn ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈprɑvɪns ər rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ɑr ˈmuvmənts tɪ ðə pəˈlis fər ə ˈdɛfənət ˈpɪriəd ˈæftər ɑr riˈlis ˈɛni səʧ ˈrizənəbəl kənˈdɪʃənz mɛnt ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ˈseɪfti əv ðə steɪt wʊd bi ˈglædli ækˈsɛptɪd baɪ mi ənd maɪ brother.”*.” ˈfaɪnəli, ˈæftər ˈspɛndɪŋ tɛn jɪrz ɪn ðə ˈsɛljələr ʤeɪl ənd ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈmɛni ˈmərsi pəˈtɪʃənz,, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ hɪz ˈbrəðər, wɑz ˈʃɪftɪd tɪ ə ˈprɪzən ɪn ɪn 1921 ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz ˈsəbsəkwənt riˈlis ɪn 1924 ɔn ðə kənˈdɪʃən əv ðə kənˈfaɪnmənt əv hɪz ˈmuvmənts tɪ ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt ənd hɪz nɑn pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz. ðiz riˈstrɪkʃənz wər ˈlɪftɪd ˈoʊnli ɪn 1937 əv ə dɪˈfitɪd mæn wən maɪt hæv ˈɑrgjud ɪn 1924 ðət ðə ˈprɑməsəz hi meɪd əˈbaʊt hɪz ləv ənd ˈlɔɪəlti tɪ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ, əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈrɛdinəs tɪ sərv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn ˈɛni kəˈpæsɪti rikˈwaɪərd ənd soʊ ɔn wər ə pɑrt əv ə ˈtæktɪkəl plɔɪ pərˈhæps wən ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ɪmˈplɔɪd tɪ meɪk hɪz weɪ aʊt əv ˈprɪzən soʊ ðət hi kʊd kənˈtɪnju hɪz ˈfridəm ˈstrəgəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈhɪstəri həz ˈpruvən ɪm tɪ bi ə mæn əv ‘‘honour’*’, hu stʊd baɪ ðə ˈprɑməs hi meɪd tɪ ðə kəˈloʊniəl ˈgəvərnmənt. haʊ ðɛn, wən maɪt ˈwəndər, dɪd əkˈwaɪər ðə ˈtaɪtəl ‘‘veer’*’? ə bʊk ˈtaɪtəld laɪf əv ˈbɛrɪstər ˈɔθərd baɪ wɑz ðə fərst baɪˈɑgrəfi əv, ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1926 wɑz ˈglɔrəˌfaɪd ɪn ðɪs bʊk fər hɪz kərɪʤ ənd dimd ə ˈhɪroʊ. ənd tu ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈæftər dɛθ, wɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ɪˈdɪʃən əv ðɪs bʊk wɑz riˈlist ɪn 1987 baɪ ðə vɪr prakashan*, ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈpəblɪʃər əv ˈraɪtɪŋz, rɪˈvild ɪn ɪts ˈprɛfəs ðət ɪz nən ˈəðər ðən vɪr savarkar”*”. ɪn ðɪs ˌɔtəbaɪˈɑgrəfi ˌmæskərˈeɪdɪŋ ɛz ə baɪˈɑgrəfi ˈrɪtən baɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈɔθər, əˈʃʊrz ðə ˈridər ðət: ɪz bɔrn ˈhɪroʊ, hi kʊd ˈɔlˌmoʊst dɪˈspaɪz ðoʊz hu ʃərkt ˈduti fər fɪr əv ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. ɪf wəns hi ˈraɪtli ər ˈrɔŋli bɪˈlivd ðət ə ˈsərtən ˈsɪstəm əv ˈgəvərnmənt wɑz iniquitous*, hi fɛlt noʊ ˈskrupəlz ɪn dɪˈvaɪzɪŋ minz tɪ ɪˈrædəˌkeɪt ðə evil.”*.” wɪˈθaʊt ˈmɪnsɪŋ wərdz ɪn ðə neɪm əv ˈmɑdəsti ər ˈmɑdərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə juz əv ˈæʤɪktɪvz ɪn ðə neɪm əv ˈlɪtərˌɛri ˈmɪnəməˌlɪzəm, roʊt ðət tɪ ˈpɑsiz noʊ fju dɪˈstɪŋktɪv mɑrks əv ˈkɛrɪktər, səʧ ɛz ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈprɛzəns əv maɪnd, ˌɪnˈdɑmətəbəl kərɪʤ, ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn hɪz ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti tɪ əˈʧiv greɪt things”*”. ““who,”*,” hi æst əˈbaʊt hɪmˈsɛlf, hɛlp ædˈmaɪrɪŋ hɪz kərɪʤ ənd ˈprɛzəns əv mind?”*?” pərˈhæps ɪn pəˈlaɪt soʊˈsaɪɪti, wi ɔt tɪ kˈwaɪətli lʊk ðə ˈəðər weɪ wɪθ ən ɪmˈbɛrəst smaɪl wɪn ən ex-revolutionist*, ˈæftər ˈbreɪkɪŋ daʊn ɪn ˈprɪzən, ˌɪnˈdəlʤɪz ɪn ˈəndər ðə ˈkəvər əv ə pɛn neɪm ˈæftər hɪz riˈlis. ənd, ˌɪnˈdid, noʊ wən hu dɪd nɑt ˈsəfər ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ðə ˈɪnˌmeɪts əv ðət ˈɪnfəməs ˈprɪzən ɔn ðə ˈaɪləndz hæd tɪ ɪnˈdʊr, kən kleɪm ðə raɪt tɪ ˈkæstəˌgeɪt fər rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə ˈfridəm ˈmuvmənt ˈæftər hi wɑz riˈlist frəm ʤeɪl. bət hɪz pərˈpɔrtɪŋ əv ən ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi wɪʧ ðə ˈfridəm ˈmuvmənt baɪ ˈdipənɪŋ ðə dɪˈvɪʒənz əˈlɔŋ sɛkˈtɛriən laɪnz ənd hɪz ˈæktɪv ˈrɛndərɪŋ əv səˈpɔrt tɪ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt wɪʧ wɑz dɪˈtərmənd tɪ səbˈdu ðə ˈstrəgəl wɑz ə bɪˈtreɪəl ðət məst bi hɑrd tɪ fərˈgɪv, əˈspɛʃəli fər ə ‘‘patriot’*’ ənd ə ‘‘nationalist’*’. dɪˈreɪlɪŋ ðə ˈfridəm ˈmuvmənt wɪθ hɪz ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ðə sɛkˈtɛriən ˈmaɪndˌsɛt, wɪʧ ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈkəlməˌneɪtɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˌɑrtɪkjəˈleɪʃən əv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi, wɑz ˈɛvədənt ɛz ˈʃɑrmə həz ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ɪn: ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈhɪnˌdu ˈnæʃənəˌlɪzəm ɪn ðə ˈərli, ðət tu frəm ə ˈtɛndər eɪʤ. ˈoʊnli ə bɔɪ əv 12, ˈlidɪŋ ə pæk əv hɪz ˈskulˌmeɪts, əˈtækt ə mɔsk ɪn ðə ˈæftərˌmæθ əv ðə raɪəts ɪn bɑmˈbeɪ ənd ɪn ˈhoʊldɪŋ bæk ðə ˈməzlɪm bɔɪz əv ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ ˈjuzɪŋ ““knives*, pɪnz ənd fʊt rulers”*”, ənd hɪz frɛndz ˈmaʊnɪd ðɛr əˈtæk, stoʊnz ɔn ðə mɔsk, ˈʃætərɪŋ ɪts ˈwɪndoʊz ənd tiles”*”. ˌrɛkəˈlɛktɪŋ ðə ˈɪnsədənt, hi ˈleɪtər roʊt, ðə mɔsk tɪ ɑr ˈkɑntɛnt ənd reɪzd ðə flæg əv ɑr ˈbreɪvəri ɔn it.”*.” wɪn ðə nuz əv ˈhɪnˌduz ˈkɪlɪŋ ˈməzlɪmz ɪn ðə raɪəts ənd ɪts ˈæftərˌmæθ riʧt ɪm, ˈlɪtəl ənd hɪz frɛndz dæns wɪθ joy”*”. ðə sɛkˈtɛriən ˈneɪʧər əv ˈsoʊʃəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ nɑt ˈoʊnli brɛd ɪn ɪm ə rɪˈzɛntmənt əˈgɛnst ˈməzlɪmz bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈklaʊdɪd hɪz ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ɪˈvɛnts, ˈlidɪŋ ɪm tɪ pərˈsiv ðə 1857 wɔr əv ˈɪndiən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ɛz ə riˌtæliˈeɪʃən baɪ ˈhɪnˌduz ənd ˈməzlɪmz əˈgɛnst ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti, ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈɛfərts tɪ ˈɪndiə. ɪn hɪz 1909 bʊk, ðə wɔr əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns əv 1857 ˈpəblɪʃt ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri deɪz, jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr hi hæd dɪˈklɛrd hɪz ˈlɔɪəlti tɪ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt, roʊt, kˈwoʊtɪŋ ˈʤəstɪn məˈkɑrθi, ənd ðə ˈhɪnˌdu fərˈgɑt ðɛr oʊld rɪˈlɪʤəs ænˈtɪpəθiz tɪ ʤɔɪn əˈgɛnst ðə christian.”*.” wət wɑz tɪ stɑp ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt, wɪʧ hæd pæst ə lɔ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpræktɪs əv (ˈwɪdoʊ ˈbərnɪŋ), frəm ˈmɛdəlɪŋ ˈfərðər wɪθ ˈhɪnˌdu ˈkəstəmz baɪ ˈpæsɪŋ ə lɔ əˈgɛnst aɪˈdɑlətri, hi æst. ˈæftər ɔl, ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈheɪtɪd aɪˈdɑlətri ɛz məʧ ɛz ðeɪ dɪd suttee.”*.” dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ə ˈprɔˌsɛs hi pərˈsivd tɪ bi ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ˈhɪnʤuˌɪzəm ənd ˌɪsˈlɑm ɪn ˈɪndiə, roʊt ɪn hɪz bʊk:: (ˈgəvərnmənt) hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈbeɪgən tɪ pæs wən lɔ ˈæftər əˈnəðər tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃənz əv ðə ˈhɪnˌdu ənd riˈlɪʤənz. ˈreɪlˌweɪz hæd ɔˈrɛdi bɪn kənˈstrəktɪd, ənd ˈkɛrəʤəz hæd bɪn bɪlt ɪn səʧ ə weɪ ɛz tɪ əˈfɛnd ðə kæst ˈprɛʤədɪsɪz əv ðə ˈhɪnˌduz. ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈmɪʃən skulz wər biɪŋ hɛlpt wɪθ juʤ grænts frəm ðə. lɔrd ˈkænɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈrupiz tɪ ˈɛvəri ˈmɪʃən, ənd frəm ðɪs fækt ɪt ɪz klɪr ðət ðə wɪʃ wɑz strɔŋ ɪn ðə hɑrt əv lɔrd ˈkænɪŋ ðət ɔl ˈɪndiə ʃʊd bi christian.”*.” ðə sepoys*, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, wər ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈtɑrgəts ɪn ðɪs ˈmɪʃən tɪ sprɛd ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti ɪn ˈɪndiə. ˈɛni ækˈsɛptɪd ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn rɪˈlɪʤən hi wɑz preɪzd ˈlaʊdli ənd ˈtritɪd ˈɑnərəbli; ənd ðɪs wɑz prəˈmoʊtəd ɪn ðə ræŋks ənd hɪz ˈsæləri ˌɪnˈkrist, ɪn ðə feɪs əv ðə suˈpɪriər ˈmɛrɪts əv ðə ˈəðər sepoys!”*!” ““everywhere”*”, hi ˈɑrgjud, wɑz ə strɔŋ kənˈvɪkʃən ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæd dɪˈtərmənd tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə riˈlɪʤənz əv ðə ˈkəntri ənd meɪk ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti ðə ˈpɛrəˌmaʊnt rɪˈlɪʤən əv ðə land”*”. baɪ ðəs ˈgɪvɪŋ rɪˈlɪʤən ən ənˈwɔrəntɪd sɛnˈtælɪti ɪn hɪz æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə ˈkɔzɪz əv ðə rɪˈbɛljən,, sɪz ˈʃɑrmə, ɪkˈsprɛst ˌʤubəˈleɪʃən ɪn hɪz əˈkaʊnts əv ðə rɪˈbɛljən ˈɛvəri ˈɪnstəns əv ə ʧərʧ biɪŋ fɛld, ə krɔs biɪŋ smæʃt ənd ˈɛvəri ˈkrɪsʧɪn biɪŋ ‘‘sliced’.”*’.” waɪl ðə sidz əv hæd bɪn soʊn ɪn hɪz maɪnd æt ə ˈvɛri jəŋ eɪʤ, ðə ˈpɔɪzən frut əv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi wɑz tɪ ˈblɑsəm ˈoʊnli ɪn hɪz leɪt 20s*, ˈæftər wɪl tɪ faɪt ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ (ər ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪnz, ɛz hi ˈɔfən rɪˈfərd tɪ ðɛm ɪn hɪz bʊk ɔn ðə 1857 ˈəˌpraɪzɪŋ) hæd bɪn dɪˈfitɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt. ɪt wɑz ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz læst fju jɪrz əv ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt ðət fərst ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪtəd ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ɪn hɪz bʊk, ɛˈsɛnʃəlz əv, wɪʧ wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1923 ənd riˈprɪntɪd ɛz ““hindutva*: hu ɪz ə hindu?”*?” ɪn 1928 ðɪs ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi wɑz ə ˈdipli dɪˈvaɪsɪv wən wɪʧ hæd ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ dɪˈstrækt əˈtɛnʃən frəm ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ənd kæst ɪt ɔn ˈməzlɪmz ˌɪnˈstɛd. waɪl hi wɑz ˈkɛrfəl tɪ ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ðət, ər ‘‘hinduness’*’, wɑz ˈdɪfərənt frəm ˈhɪnʤuˌɪzəm ənd ɛnˈkəmpəst ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈkəlʧərz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz, ðə ““sanatanists*, satnamis*, siks, aryas*, anaryas*, ənd madrasis*, ənd panchamas”*”, hi ˌnənðəˈlɛs meɪd ɪt ə pɔɪnt tɪ wɔrn ðət ɪt bi ˈstreɪnɪŋ ðə ˈjusɪʤ əv wərdz tu məʧ wi fɪr, tɪ ðə pɔɪnt əv ˈbreɪkɪŋ ɪf wi kɔl ə ə ˈhɪnˌdu bɪˈkəz əv hɪz biɪŋ ə ˈrɛzɪdənt əv india.”*.” ər ˈkrɪsʧɪn communities”*”, hi ˈɑrgjud, ɔl ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəl kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃənz əv bət wən ənd ðət ɪz ðət ðeɪ du nɑt lʊk əˈpɑn ˈɪndiə ɛz ðɛr holyland”*”. ə koʊˈhisɪv ˈneɪʃən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, kən aɪˈdili bi bɪlt ˈoʊnli baɪ ðoʊz ˈpipəl hu ˌɪnˈhæbət ə ˈkəntri wɪʧ ɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə lænd əv ðɛr ˈfɔrˌfɑðərz, bət ðə lænd əv ðɛr gɑdz ənd ˈeɪnʤəlz, əv sirz ənd ˈprɑfəts; ðə sinz əv huz ˈhɪstəri ər ˈɔlsoʊ ðə sinz əv ðɛr mythology.”*.” ðə ləv ənd ˈlɔɪəlti əv ˈməzlɪmz, hi wɔrnd, ““is*, ənd məst ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli bi dɪˈvaɪdɪd bɪtˈwin ðə lænd əv ðɛr bərθ ənd ðə lænd əv ðɛr prophets…*… wʊd ˈnæʧərəli sɛt ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv ðɛr əˈbəv ðoʊz əv ðɛr motherland”*”. wən maɪt ˈwəndər ˈwɛðər ðɪs laɪn əv ˈrizənɪŋ ˌɪmˈplaɪz ðət ˈməzlɪmz ˈkænɑt bi ˈnæʃənəlz əv ˈpækɪˌstæn ər æfˈgænəˌstæn ˈiðər, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wʊd pleɪs ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, wɛˈrɪn laɪ ˈmɛkə ənd madina*, əˈbəv ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv ðɛr oʊn ˈkəntri. bæk ɪn ðə 1920s*, ðə ˈdæmɪʤ ðət kʊd bi dən tɪ ðə ˈfridəm ˈmuvmənt baɪ hɪz ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi dɪd nɑt feɪl tɪ kəm tɪ ðə ˈnoʊtɪs əv ðə kəˈloʊniəl ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈivɪn ðoʊ wɑz riˈlist ɔn kənˈdɪʃən ðət hi ʃʊd nɑt pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz, hi wɑz əˈlaʊd baɪ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ tɪ ðə, wɪʧ ˌəndərˈtʊk wət ɪz ɪn ˈlɪŋgoʊ kɔld wapsi”*” ənd pleɪd mˈjuzɪk ɪn frənt əv mɔsks waɪl prɛrz wər ɔn. hi wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊd tɪ mit k.b*., ə ˌdɪsɪˈluʒənd ˈkɑŋgrəsmən, hu, ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ hɪz ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi əv, ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ dɪˈskəs wɪθ ɪm ə ˈstrætəʤi fər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈhɪnˌdu rashtra*. ə fju mənθs ˈæftər ðɪs ˈmitɪŋ, ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1925 ˈfaʊndɪd ðə rss*, ə kəmˈjunəl ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən wɪʧ, laɪk, rɪˈmeɪnd səbˈsərviənt tɪ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ. ɪn spaɪt əv ðə ˈblæŋkɪt bæn ɔn pəˈlɪtɪkəl pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən, ˌɪsˈlɑm ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt: ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈrulərz ˈnæʧərəli ˈoʊvərˌlʊkt ðiz pəˈlɪtɪkəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz ɛz ðə fˈjuʧər əv kəˈloʊniəl rul ɪn ˈɪndiə ˈrɛstɪd ɔn ðə kəmˈjunəl dɪˈvaɪd ənd wɑz ˈlivɪŋ noʊ stoʊn ənˈtərnd ɪn ˈægrəˌveɪtɪŋ ðə divide.”*.” kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ðə kəˈloʊniəl ˈgəvərnmənt wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd ɛz ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈhɪnˌdu ɪn 1937 ðə jɪr wɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈnæʃənəl ˈkɑŋgrəs wən wət wi təˈdeɪ kɔl ə ˈlænsˌlaɪd ˈvɪktəri ɪn ðə prəˈvɪnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ˈdɛsəˌmeɪtɪŋ boʊθ ðə ˈhɪnˌdu ənd ðət ˈəðər kəmˈjunəl ˈpɑrti, ðə ˈməzlɪm lig, wɪʧ feɪld tɪ fɔrm ə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈivɪn ɪn ˈriʤənz. bət ʤɪst tu jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃt paʊər ɪn ˈproʊˌtɛst wɪn, æt ðə ˈaʊtˌbreɪk əv ðə ˈsɛkənd wərld wɔr, ðə ˈvaɪsrɔɪ, lɔrd, dɪˈklɛrd ˈɪndiə tɪ bi æt wɔr wɪθ ˈʤərməni wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən. ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1939 ðə ˈwərkɪŋ kəˈmɪti əv ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs dɪˈklɛrd ðət ɪt wʊd ˈrɛndər səˈpɔrt tɪ wɔr ˈɛfərts ɪn hər taɪm əv ˈkraɪsəs ˈoʊnli ɪf ðə kəˈloʊniəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ənd raɪt əv hər ˈpipəl tɪ freɪm ðɛr ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən θru ə kənˈstɪʧuənt assembly”*”. wɪn dəˈmɪnjən ˈstætəs wɑz ðə læst kənˈsɛʃən wɑz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ grænt tɪ ˈɪndiə, ðə ˈmɪnɪstərz əv ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs rɪˈzaɪnd ɪn ˈproʊˌtɛst. kwɪk tɪ græb ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti, ðə ˈvɛri nɛkst mənθ,, ɪn hɪz kəˈpæsɪti ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈhɪnˌdu, mɛt. ɪn ðə rɪˈpɔrt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmitɪŋ sɛnt tɪ ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt, roʊt: ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, hi [savarkar*] sɛd, wɑz ðət hɪz ˈgəvərnmənt məst naʊ tərn tɪ ðə ˈhɪnˌduz ənd wərk wɪθ ðɛr support…*…. ɑr ˈɪntərɪsts wər naʊ ðə seɪm ənd wi məst ˈðɛrˌfɔr wərk together…*… ɑr ˈɪntərɪsts ər soʊ ˈkloʊsli baʊnd təˈgɛðər, ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəl θɪŋ ɪz fər ˈhɪnʤuˌɪzəm ənd greɪt ˈbrɪtən tɪ bi frɛndz ənd ðə oʊld ænˈtægəˌnɪzəm wɑz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ðə ˈhɪnˌdu hi wɛnt ɔn tɪ seɪ ən ˌənæmˈbɪgjəwəs ˈəndərˌteɪkɪŋ əv dəˈmɪnjən ˈstætəs æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə war.”*.” tu mənθs ˈleɪtər, æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə ˌkælˈkətə ˈsɛʃən, ərʤd ɔl ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ənd skulz tɪ ˈɛntri ˈɪntu ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈfɔrsɪz fər juθs ɪn ˈɛni ənd ˈɛvəri way.”*.” wɪn ˈgɑndi hæd lɔnʧt hɪz ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jɪr,, æt ðə ˈsɛʃən hɛld ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 1940 ɪn madura*, ɪnˈkərəʤd ˈhɪnˌdu mɛn tɪ ˌɛnˈlɪst ɪn ˈbrænʧɪz əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz ɛn masse.”*.” ɪn 1941 ˈteɪkɪŋ ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðə wərld wɔr, boʊz hæd ˈbeɪgən ˈreɪzɪŋ ən ˈɑrmi tɪ faɪt ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ baɪ rɪˈkrutɪŋ ˈɪndiən ˈprɪzənərz əv wɔr frəm ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɑrmi hɛld baɪ ðə ˈæksəs paʊərz ˈɛfərts wɪʧ ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈkəlməˌneɪtɪd ɪn hɪz ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɪndiə wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈpɪriəd, æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə ˈhɪnˌdu ˈsɛʃən æt ɪn 1941 toʊld hɪz ˈfɑloʊərz: məst bi ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ˈɛntri ˈɪntu ðə wɔr həz ɪkˈspoʊzd ˈjuˈɛs dɪˈrɛkli ənd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli tɪ ðə əˈtæk baɪ məst, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, raʊz ˈhɪnˌduz əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ðə ˈprɑvənsəz əv ˈbɛŋgəl ənd ˌɑˈsɑm ɛz ˈifɛktɪvli ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˈɛnər ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈfɔrsɪz əv ɔl ɑrmz wɪˈθaʊt ˈluzɪŋ ə ˈsɪŋgəl minute.”*.” ɪn reciprocation*, ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ commander-in-chief*, hɪz ˈgreɪtfəl əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən əv ðə lɛd ˈgɪvɪn baɪ ˈbɛrɪstər ɪn ɪgˈzɔrtɪŋ ðə ˈhɪnˌduz tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˈfɔrsɪz əv ðə lænd wɪθ ə vju tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ˈɪndiə frəm ˈɛnəmi attacks,”*,” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈhɪnˌdu ˈɑrˌkaɪvz pəruzd baɪ ˌɪsˈlɑm. ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə kwɪt ˈɪndiə ˈmuvmənt lɔnʧt ɪn ˈɔgəst 1942 ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd ˈhɪnˌdu hu wər əv mˌjunɪsəˈpælɪtiz, ˈloʊkəl ˈbɑdiz, ˈlɛʤɪsˌleɪʧərz ər ðoʊz ˈsərvɪŋ ɪn ðə army…*… tɪ stɪk tɪ ðɛr posts,”*,” əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri. æt ðət taɪm, wɪn ʤəˈpæn hæd ˈkɑŋkərd ˈmɛni ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒən ˈkəntriz ɪn vɪˈsɪnɪti, boʊz wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ərˈeɪnʤmənts tɪ goʊ frəm ˈʤərməni tɪ ʤəˈpæn frəm huz ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz ðə əˈsɔlt ɔn ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈfɔrsɪz wɑz lɔnʧt ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jɪr. ɪt wɑz ˈəndər ðiz ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ðət nɑt ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd ðoʊz ˈsərvɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɑrmi tɪ tɪ ðɛr posts’*’, bət hæd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˌɪnˈvɑlvd fər jɪrz ɪn rɪˈkrutmənt kæmps fər ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz wɪʧ wər tɪ sˈlɔtər ðə ˈkædriz əv ˈinə ɪn ˈdɪfərənt pɑrts əv ˌnɔrˈθist later.”*.” ɪn wən jɪr əˈloʊn, hæd ˈboʊstɪd ɪn madura*, wən ˈhɪnˌduz wər rɪˈkrutɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˈɛfərts. ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɑrmi, wɪθ wɪʧ ənd ðə ˈhɪnˌdu wər kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪŋ, ˈmænɪʤd tɪ dɪˈfit ˈinə, ðə ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈpəblɪk traɪəlz əv ˈinə ˈɔfɪsərz æt ðə rɛd fɔrt raʊzd ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈsoʊlʤərz əv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkɑnʃəns, wɪʧ pleɪd ə ˈkruʃəl roʊl ɪn ˈtrɪgərɪŋ ðə rɔɪəl ˈɪndiən ˈneɪvəl mˈjutəni ɪn 1946 ˈæftər wɪʧ ðə dɪˈsɪʒən wɑz meɪd baɪ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ tɪ liv ˈɪndiə. ɪn ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˈməzlɪm lig wɪn ˈpækɪˌstæn ˌrɛzəˈluʃən wɑz pæst ðət ənd ðə ˈhɪnˌdu ˈæktɪvli kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ meɪ nɑt bi ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnd, sɪns ɪt ɪz ˈwaɪdli noʊn ðət ðə grups rɪˈgɑrdɪd ˈməzlɪmz, ənd nɑt ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ, ɛz ðɛr ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈɛnəmiz. wət ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ reɪz mɔr ˈaɪˌbraʊz təˈdeɪ ɪz ðə kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈhɪnˌdu wɪθ ðə ˈməzlɪm lig. wɪn ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈlidərz wər ərˈɛstɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kwɪt ˈɪndiə ˈmuvmənt, ðə ˈhɪnˌdu, stɪl prɪˈzaɪdɪd ˈoʊvər baɪ, ˈɛnərd ˈɪntu ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˈməzlɪm lig tɪ rən ðə ˈgəvərnmənts ɪn ənd ˈbɛŋgəl ə muv ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd ɛz politics”*” wɪʧ kɔlz fər θru ˈrizənəbəl compromises”*”. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪn spaɪt əv ðə kənˈvɪkʃən baɪ ənd hɪz ˈpɑrti ðət ðə ˈməzlɪmz huz ˈhoʊli lænd laɪz ɪn ə ˈfɔrən ˈkəntri ˈkænɑt bi rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ˈɪndiən ˈnæʃənəlz, ðə ˈhɪnˌdu ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs hæd ə greɪt dil ɪn ˈkɑmən wɪθ ðə ˈməzlɪm lig. boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz meɪd noʊ ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə ˈstrəgəl fər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns frəm ðə ˈɛmpaɪər ənd boʊθ wər kəmˈjunəl ˈpɑrtiz huz ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤiz ðə ˈprɑspɛkts əv ˈɪndiə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˌəndəˈvaɪdɪd ˈæftər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns. ˈivɪn ˈæftər ðə əˈsɛmbli pæst ə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ɪn 1943 dɪˈmændɪŋ ðət ˈpækɪˌstæn bi kɑrvd aʊt əv ˈɪndiə ɛz ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt steɪt fər ðə ˈməzlɪmz, ðə ˈmɪnɪstərz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ hoʊld ðɛr pəˈzɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈgəvərnmənt. nɑt ɪnˈtaɪərli səˈpraɪzɪŋ, ˈgɪvɪn ðət hæd pʊt fɔrθ hɪz ˈθɪri klɪr ˈsɪkˈstin jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈməzlɪm lig ɛmˈbreɪst ðə aɪˈdiə əv ðə ˈhɪnˌduz ənd ðə ˈməzlɪmz ɛz tu dɪˈstɪŋktɪv ˈneɪʃənz ənd dɪˈmændɪd ðə dɪˈvɪʒən əv india.”*.” ənd wɪn ˈɪndiə wɑz ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli pɑrˈtɪʃənd, bleɪmd ˈgɑndi fər əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈpækɪˌstæn tɪ breɪk əˈweɪ frəm ˈɪndiə, ən ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən ðət stoʊkt ðə faɪərz əv ˈheɪtrəd əˈgɛnst ˈgɑndi əˈməŋ ˈmɛni əv hɪz kloʊz ˈdɛvəˈtiz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hɪz ‘‘lieutenant’*’ godse*. ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑrt əv ðɪs ˈsɪriz wɪl ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn roʊl ɪn əˌsæsəˈneɪʃən. kəlˈkɑrni ɪz ə ˈfriˌlæns ˈʤərnəlɪst.

your browser does not support video here to view original man, is there anything that makes a person feel as fundamentally good about the collective experience of humanity than a really lego model? i doubt it. this model of an original mini may be best iconic vintage car set yet. previous lego kits have been for the original beetle (especially challenging, given the curves and the lego brickishness), the (much more suited to lego bricks), and they appear to be keeping with the iconic economy car theme with this british racing green mini, complete with racing stripes and fog lamps. advertisement the basic mini shape lends itself well to legoization, and this one is even a mini cooper. if you don't trust the little badge, you can verify the by looking at the hood, which has an engine that even has the twin air cleaners of the dual sus of the actual car. that's a nice touch. this thing has more nice touches than a night with a masseuse: a flip down trunk lid that reveals a removable picnic basket and blanket, a rear fog light, spare tire under the boot floor, seats, a removable roof, and so much british charm you better put down a drop cloth if there's anything around it you don't want all britcharmed. advertisement it'll be available august 1, and these sorts of kits tend to be pricey, so start planning your low-level now.

jʊr ˈbraʊzər dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ˈvɪdioʊ hir tɪ vju ərˈɪʤənəl mæn, ɪz ðɛr ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət meɪks ə ˈpərsən fil ɛz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli gʊd əˈbaʊt ðə kəˈlɛktɪv ɪkˈspɪriəns əv juˈmænɪti ðən ə ˈrɪli ˈlɛgoʊ ˈmɑdəl? aɪ daʊt ɪt. ðɪs ˈmɑdəl əv ən ərˈɪʤənəl ˈmɪni meɪ bi bɛst ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ˈvɪntɪʤ kɑr sɛt jɛt. ˈpriviəs ˈlɛgoʊ kɪts hæv bɪn fər ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈbitəl (əˈspɛʃəli ˈʧælənʤɪŋ, ˈgɪvɪn ðə kərvz ənd ðə ˈlɛgoʊ brickishness*), ðə (məʧ mɔr ˈsutɪd tɪ ˈlɛgoʊ brɪks), ənd ðeɪ əˈpɪr tɪ bi ˈkipɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ɪˈkɑnəmi kɑr θim wɪθ ðɪs ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈreɪsɪŋ grin ˈmɪni, kəmˈplit wɪθ ˈreɪsɪŋ straɪps ənd fɔg læmps. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈmɪni ʃeɪp lɛndz ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɛl tɪ legoization*, ənd ðɪs wən ɪz ˈivɪn ə ˈmɪni ˈkupər. ɪf ju doʊnt trəst ðə ˈlɪtəl bæʤ, ju kən ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ ðə baɪ ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə hʊd, wɪʧ həz ən ˈɪnʤən ðət ˈivɪn həz ðə twɪn ɛr ˈklinərz əv ðə duəl səs əv ðə ˈækʧəwəl kɑr. ðæts ə nis təʧ. ðɪs θɪŋ həz mɔr nis ˈtəʧɪz ðən ə naɪt wɪθ ə masseuse*: ə flɪp daʊn trəŋk lɪd ðət rɪˈvilz ə rɪˈmuvəbəl ˈpɪkˌnɪk ˈbæskət ənd ˈblæŋkɪt, ə rɪr fɔg laɪt, spɛr taɪər ˈəndər ðə but flɔr, sits, ə rɪˈmuvəbəl rʊf, ənd soʊ məʧ ˈbrɪtɪʃ ʧɑrm ju ˈbɛtər pʊt daʊn ə drɔp klɔθ ɪf ðɛrz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əraʊnd ɪt ju doʊnt wɔnt ɔl britcharmed*. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈɪtəl bi əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔgəst 1 ənd ðiz sɔrts əv kɪts tɛnd tɪ bi ˈpraɪsi, soʊ stɑrt ˈplænɪŋ jʊr ˌloʊˈlɛvəl naʊ.

invested interests: the overseas territories' hidden role in developing countries konstantinos added 18 jun 2013 eurodad member christian aid and the if campaign released a new report entitled “invested interests: the overseas territories' hidden role in developing countries.” it reveals that tax havens are at the centre of a global financial system that encourages crime, corruption and aggressive tax avoidance in developing countries. the report also reveals that the british virgin islands (bvi), cayman islands, bermuda, gibraltar, anguilla and turks and - all british overseas territories - together with the crown dependencies of the isle of man, jersey and guernsey are now the largest source of foreign direct investment in developing countries. the amount totalled by 2011, the most recent year for which we have figures, and accounted for one in every ten us dollars of foreign direct investment made there. this figure is concerning because investment is often structured through such jurisdictions specifically to enable tax dodging in poor countries. other abuses they facilitate include the laundering of crime money, and ‘round tripping’, in which money originating in the developing country where it is to be invested is sent offshore and then returned disguised as foreign funds to qualify for major tax breaks. finally among the report findings are that the british virgin islands alone was the fourth largest investor to developing countries in 2011, with the amount involved us$388bn. it provides globally investment more than 860 times the size of its own gdp. that same year it was revealed that 45 newly incorporated companies in the had acquired mining assets in the democratic republic of congo at a loss, it was claimed, to the economy of us$5.5bn. the identity of those behind the companies remains secret. download full report here.

ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ˈɪntərɪsts: ðə ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz' ˈhɪdən roʊl ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz ˈædɪd 18 ʤən 2013 ˈmɛmbər ˈkrɪsʧɪn eɪd ənd ðə ɪf kæmˈpeɪn riˈlist ə nu rɪˈpɔrt ɛnˈtaɪtəld ˈɪntərɪsts: ðə ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz' ˈhɪdən roʊl ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ countries.”*.” ɪt rɪˈvilz ðət tæks ˈheɪvənz ər æt ðə ˈsɛntər əv ə ˈgloʊbəl ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsɪstəm ðət ɪnˈkərəʤəz kraɪm, kərˈəpʃən ənd əˈgrɛsɪv tæks əˈvɔɪdəns ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz. ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈvilz ðət ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈvərʤɪn ˈaɪləndz (bvi*), ˈkeɪmən ˈaɪləndz, bərmˈjudə, ʤɪˈbrɔltər, ˌæŋˈwɪlə ənd tərks ənd ɔl ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz təˈgɛðər wɪθ ðə kraʊn dɪˈpɛndənsiz əv ðə aɪl əv mæn, ˈʤərzi ənd ˈgərnzi ər naʊ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst sɔrs əv ˈfɔrən dɪˈrɛkt ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz. ðə əˈmaʊnt ˈtoʊtəld baɪ 2011 ðə moʊst ˈrisənt jɪr fər wɪʧ wi hæv ˈfɪgjərz, ənd əˈkaʊntɪd fər wən ɪn ˈɛvəri tɛn ˈjuˈɛs ˈdɔlərz əv ˈfɔrən dɪˈrɛkt ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt meɪd ðɛr. ðɪs ˈfɪgjər ɪz kənˈsərnɪŋ bɪˈkəz ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪz ˈɔfən ˈstrəkʧərd θru səʧ ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃənz spəˈsɪfɪkli tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl tæks ˈdɑʤɪŋ ɪn pur ˈkəntriz. ˈəðər əˈbjuzɪz ðeɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈlɔndərɪŋ əv kraɪm ˈməni, ənd tripping’*’, ɪn wɪʧ ˈməni ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntri wɛr ɪt ɪz tɪ bi ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ɪz sɛnt ˈɔfˈʃɔr ənd ðɛn rɪˈtərnd dɪsˈgaɪzd ɛz ˈfɔrən fəndz tɪ kˈwɑləˌfaɪ fər ˈmeɪʤər tæks breɪks. ˈfaɪnəli əˈməŋ ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈfaɪndɪŋz ər ðət ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈvərʤɪn ˈaɪləndz əˈloʊn wɑz ðə fɔrθ ˈlɑrʤəst ˌɪnˈvɛstər tɪ dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz ɪn 2011 wɪθ ðə əˈmaʊnt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd us$388bn*. ɪt prəˈvaɪdz ˈgloʊbəli ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt mɔr ðən 860 taɪmz ðə saɪz əv ɪts oʊn gdp*. ðət seɪm jɪr ɪt wɑz rɪˈvild ðət 45 ˈnuli ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪn ðə hæd əkˈwaɪərd ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈæˌsɛts ɪn ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk riˈpəblɪk əv ˈkɑŋgoʊ æt ə lɔs, ɪt wɑz kleɪmd, tɪ ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi əv us$5.5bn*. ðə aɪˈdɛntəˌti əv ðoʊz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz rɪˈmeɪnz ˈsikrɪt. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd fʊl rɪˈpɔrt hir.

a clown urges passersby to sign a petition calling for the retirement of ronald mcdonald as a mascot for the chain. the demonstrators, organized by corporate accountability international, claim mcdonald's uses the corporate mascot to market unhealthy, fatty foods to children. kersey | license photo hyattsville, md., july 23 (upi) -- nearly a third of american children and adolescents aged 8 to 15 years misperceive their weight, according to a new cdc study. the majority of that 30 percent chunk are obese and overweight children who don't see their weight as an issue. the study, conducted and published by researchers at national center for health statistics, found that 76 percent of overweight boys and girls believe they are "about the right weight," while about 42 percent of obese kids consider themselves about right. although new evidence suggests obesity rates among kids has leveled off in recent years, the problem is still prevalent and the health risks more and more apparent. "i am seeing people younger and younger coming into my office with osteoarthritis from weight," explained dr. daniel neides, director of medicine at the wellness institute at the cleveland clinic. "we weren't learning about kids with these problems when i was in medical school." related somali member of parliament and folk singer assassinated the cdc study found minority children and those from poorer backgrounds -- demographic groups with higher rates of adult obesity -- were more likely to misjudge their weight. the evidence suggests kids with obese parents may be more likely to misperceive their own weight issues. "as our country gets heavier, children don't necessarily see it as abnormal," neides, who was not involved with the cdc study, told time. neda sarafrazi, a nutritional epidemiologist with and the report's lead author, told npr that a child's proper perception of his or her weight is important for inspiring behavioral changes -- like eating healthier and getting more exercise. "children who don't have a correct perception of their weight don't take steps to lose weight," she said. but marlene schwartz, a psychologist and director of the rudd center for food policy & obesity at yale university, warns against the dangers of labeling. "shame is a terrible motivator," she said. schwartz thinks education and encouragement are more effective at inspiring healthy change than ensuring kids' weight issues are properly categorized and labeled. related new harris tactical radios for middle east country

ə klaʊn ˈərʤɪz ˈpæsərzbi tɪ saɪn ə pəˈtɪʃən ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ðə rɪˈtaɪərmənt əv ˈrɑnəld məkˈdɑnəld ɛz ə ˈmæˌskɑt fər ðə ʧeɪn. ðə ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtərz, ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd baɪ ˈkɔrpərət əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl, kleɪm məkˈdɑnəldz ˈjuzɪz ðə ˈkɔrpərət ˈmæˌskɑt tɪ ˈmɑrkɪt ənˈhɛlθi, ˈfæti fudz tɪ ˈʧɪldrən. ˈkərsi ˈlaɪsəns ˈfoʊˌtoʊ hyattsville*, md*., ˌʤuˈlaɪ 23 (upi*) ˈnɪrli ə θərd əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˌædəˈlɛsənts ˈeɪʤɪd 8 tɪ 15 jɪrz mɪspərˈsiv ðɛr weɪt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə nu ˈsiˌdiˈsi ˈstədi. ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðət 30 pərˈsɛnt ʧəŋk ər əˈbis ənd ˌoʊvərˈweɪt ˈʧɪldrən hu doʊnt si ðɛr weɪt ɛz ən ˈɪʃu. ðə ˈstədi, kənˈdəktəd ənd ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ˈrisərʧərz æt ˈnæʃənəl ˈsɛnər fər hɛlθ stəˈtɪstɪks, faʊnd ðət 76 pərˈsɛnt əv ˌoʊvərˈweɪt bɔɪz ənd gərlz bɪˈliv ðeɪ ər "əˈbaʊt ðə raɪt weɪt," waɪl əˈbaʊt 42 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈbis kɪdz kənˈsɪdər ðɛmˈsɛlvz əˈbaʊt raɪt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ nu ˈɛvədəns səˈʤɛsts əˈbisəti reɪts əˈməŋ kɪdz həz ˈlɛvəld ɔf ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz stɪl ˈprɛvələnt ənd ðə hɛlθ rɪsks mɔr ənd mɔr əˈpɛrənt. "aɪ æm siɪŋ ˈpipəl ˈjəŋgər ənd ˈjəŋgər ˈkəmɪŋ ˈɪntu maɪ ˈɔfəs wɪθ ˌɑstiˌoʊɑrθˈraɪtəs frəm weɪt," ɪkˈspleɪnd ˈdɑktər. ˈdænjəl neides*, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈmɛdəsən æt ðə ˈwɛlnəs ˈɪnstɪˌtut æt ðə ˈklivlənd ˈklɪnɪk. "wi wərənt ˈlərnɪŋ əˈbaʊt kɪdz wɪθ ðiz ˈprɑbləmz wɪn aɪ wɑz ɪn ˈmɛdɪkəl skul." rɪˈleɪtɪd səˈmɑli ˈmɛmbər əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt ənd foʊk ˈsɪŋər əˈsæsəˌneɪtəd ðə ˈsiˌdiˈsi ˈstədi faʊnd məˈnɔrəti ˈʧɪldrən ənd ðoʊz frəm ˈpurər ˈbækˌgraʊndz ˌdɛməˈgræfɪk grups wɪθ haɪər reɪts əv ˈædəlt əˈbisəti wər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ mɪsˈʤəʤ ðɛr weɪt. ðə ˈɛvədəns səˈʤɛsts kɪdz wɪθ əˈbis ˈpɛrənts meɪ bi mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ mɪspərˈsiv ðɛr oʊn weɪt ˈɪʃuz. "ɛz ɑr ˈkəntri gɪts ˈhɛviər, ˈʧɪldrən doʊnt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli si ɪt ɛz æbˈnɔrməl," neides*, hu wɑz nɑt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ðə ˈsiˌdiˈsi ˈstədi, toʊld taɪm. ˈneɪdə sarafrazi*, ə nuˈtrɪʃənəl ˌɛpəˌdiˌmiˈɑləˌʤɪst wɪθ ənd ðə rɪˈpɔrts lɛd ˈɔθər, toʊld ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr ðət ə ʧaɪldz ˈprɑpər pərˈsɛpʃən əv hɪz ər hər weɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz laɪk ˈitɪŋ ˈhɛlθiər ənd ˈgɪtɪŋ mɔr ˈɛksərˌsaɪz. "ˈʧɪldrən hu doʊnt hæv ə kərˈɛkt pərˈsɛpʃən əv ðɛr weɪt doʊnt teɪk stɛps tɪ luz weɪt," ʃi sɛd. bət ˈmɑˌrlin ʃwɔrts, ə saɪˈkɑləʤəst ənd dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə rəd ˈsɛnər fər fud ˈpɑləsi əˈbisəti æt jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti, wɔrnz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv ˈleɪbəlɪŋ. "ʃeɪm ɪz ə ˈtɛrəbəl ˈmoʊtəveɪtər," ʃi sɛd. ʃwɔrts θɪŋks ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd ɛnˈkərɪʤmənt ər mɔr ˈifɛktɪv æt ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ ˈhɛlθi ʧeɪnʤ ðən ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ kɪdz' weɪt ˈɪʃuz ər ˈprɑpərli ˈkætəgərˌaɪzd ənd ˈleɪbəld. rɪˈleɪtɪd nu ˈhɛrɪs ˈtæktɪkəl ˈreɪdiˌoʊz fər ˈmɪdəl ist ˈkəntri

turkish policeman fined for voluntarily escorting paris hilton istanbul - reuters photo an investigation into two police officers who voluntarily escorted u.s. celebrity paris hilton without an official order when she was in turkey last year has been completed. one of the officers has been handed a warning fine, while no legal action has been ruled for the other investigated paris hilton was in istanbul for a commercial shoot last october, two motorcycle policemen voluntarily escorted her car to a tv studio, before waiting outside the building during the show. later, they accompanied her from the studio to the investigation was launched by the istanbul police department when the incident was the investigation, the two officers reportedly said they had decided to voluntarily escort hilton in order to reflect image disciplinary committee fined one of the officers on charges of acting against hilton was in istanbul to appear in a clothing advertising campaign with turkish football star arda turan.

ˈtərkɪʃ pəˈlismən faɪnd fər ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli ˈɛskɔrtɪŋ ˈpɛrɪs ˈhɪltən ˌɪstɑnˈbul ˈrɔɪtərz ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu tu pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz hu ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli ɛˈskɔrtɪd juz. səˈlɛbrɪti ˈpɛrɪs ˈhɪltən wɪˈθaʊt ən əˈfɪʃəl ˈɔrdər wɪn ʃi wɑz ɪn ˈtərki læst jɪr həz bɪn kəmˈplitɪd. wən əv ðə ˈɔfɪsərz həz bɪn ˈhændɪd ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ faɪn, waɪl noʊ ˈligəl ˈækʃən həz bɪn ruld fər ðə ˈəðər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ˈpɛrɪs ˈhɪltən wɑz ɪn ˌɪstɑnˈbul fər ə kəˈmərʃəl ʃut læst ɑkˈtoʊbər, tu ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪkəl pəˈlismɪn ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli ɛˈskɔrtɪd hər kɑr tɪ ə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈstudiˌoʊ, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈweɪtɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ʃoʊ. ˈleɪtər, ðeɪ əˈkəmpənid hər frəm ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ tɪ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɑz lɔnʧt baɪ ðə ˌɪstɑnˈbul pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt wɪn ðə ˈɪnsədənt wɑz ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ðə tu ˈɔfɪsərz rɪˈpɔrtədli sɛd ðeɪ hæd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli ˈɛskɔrt ˈhɪltən ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ˈɪmɪʤ ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri kəˈmɪti faɪnd wən əv ðə ˈɔfɪsərz ɔn ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ˈæktɪŋ əˈgɛnst ˈhɪltən wɑz ɪn ˌɪstɑnˈbul tɪ əˈpɪr ɪn ə ˈkloʊðɪŋ ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn wɪθ ˈtərkɪʃ ˈfʊtˌbɔl stɑr ˈɑrdə turan*.

listen: your browser does not support the audio element. as in the past, seattle police anticipated the actions of anarchists on may day. but the seattle police incident commander for the protests said this year was notably different. “i was surprised at the numbers of people at seattle central (community college) that wanted to get into a confrontation,” captain chris fowler told kiro jason rantz. “i have not seen that many black bloc anarchists people dressed up in that vein that wanted to cause problems that early.” related: mayor, chief praise police response to violent may day protest in seattle “i would say that it was a substantial difference between the small groups of people that wanted to commit violence from years past, or the small groups that seen onto peaceful protest,” fowler said. “this was a group of people in a large group 75, 100, 200 mixed into a crowd of much larger size that facilitated that violence and destruction.” what is to blame for the uptick, rantz asked. “i know if just levels of frustration or there was a need to make some sort of statement,” fowler said. “clearly, they were out to commit violence and crime. so hard for me to relate to people that want to do that. hard to say.” officers confiscated a hammer, wrenches, batteries, and a machete with “death” written on it. a total of 17 arrests were made friday night. three officers went to the hospital for injuries. rioters smashed over 20 cars, including a radio truck. photos from may day protests as in years past, the seattle police department is expected to release photos and ask people to help identify rioters for further arrest. fowler said the department still has a lot of video and photos to look through, and that the investigation is underway. he noted that just because they arrest someone, it mean that they will eventually be charged. that is up to prosecutors, he said. in the meantime, police are making arrests for a range of crimes from felony assault to obstructing. after the protest-turned-riot, fowler said that he knew those crimes were likely coming as he watched the anarchist crowd gather. “when they left seattle central community college and moved down broadway, it was relatively peaceful, but we knew before they left that there were going to be issues,” fowler said. “you could hear the crowd talk about what they were going to do as you were standing there. you saw the sticks, you could see them putting wrenches into their sleeves. it was unlike anything i had seen before.” the seattle police department is expected to brief the seattle city council wednesday afternoon about the actions officers took on may 1.

ˈlɪsən: jʊr ˈbraʊzər dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈɛləmənt. ɛz ɪn ðə pæst, siˈætəl pəˈlis ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ðə ˈækʃənz əv ˈænərˌkɪsts ɔn meɪ deɪ. bət ðə siˈætəl pəˈlis ˈɪnsədənt kəˈmændər fər ðə ˈproʊˌtɛsts sɛd ðɪs jɪr wɑz ˈnoʊtəbli ˈdɪfərənt. wɑz səˈpraɪzd æt ðə ˈnəmbərz əv ˈpipəl æt siˈætəl ˈsɛntrəl (kəmˈjunɪti ˈkɑlɪʤ) ðət ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ə confrontation,”*,” ˈkæptən krɪs ˈfaʊlər toʊld ˈʤeɪsən rænts. hæv nɑt sin ðət ˈmɛni blæk blɑk ˈænərˌkɪsts ˈpipəl drɛst əp ɪn ðət veɪn ðət ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kɔz ˈprɑbləmz ðət early.”*.” rɪˈleɪtɪd: meɪər, ʧif preɪz pəˈlis rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈvaɪələnt meɪ deɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst ɪn siˈætəl wʊd seɪ ðət ɪt wɑz ə səbˈstænʃəl ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə smɔl grups əv ˈpipəl ðət ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kəˈmɪt ˈvaɪələns frəm jɪrz pæst, ər ðə smɔl grups ðət sin ˈɔntu ˈpisfəl protest,”*,” ˈfaʊlər sɛd. wɑz ə grup əv ˈpipəl ɪn ə lɑrʤ grup 75 100 200 mɪkst ˈɪntu ə kraʊd əv məʧ ˈlɑrʤər saɪz ðət fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪd ðət ˈvaɪələns ənd destruction.”*.” wət ɪz tɪ bleɪm fər ðə ˈəpˌtɪk, rænts æst. noʊ ɪf ʤɪst ˈlɛvəlz əv frəˈstreɪʃən ər ðɛr wɑz ə nid tɪ meɪk səm sɔrt əv statement,”*,” ˈfaʊlər sɛd. ““clearly*, ðeɪ wər aʊt tɪ kəˈmɪt ˈvaɪələns ənd kraɪm. soʊ hɑrd fər mi tɪ rɪˈleɪt tɪ ˈpipəl ðət wɔnt tɪ du ðət. hɑrd tɪ say.”*.” ˈɔfɪsərz ˈkɑnfəˌskeɪtəd ə ˈhæmər, ˈrɛnʧɪz, ˈbætəriz, ənd ə məˈʧɛˌti wɪθ ““death”*” ˈrɪtən ɔn ɪt. ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 17 ərˈɛsts wər meɪd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt. θri ˈɔfɪsərz wɛnt tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl fər ˈɪnʤəriz. ˈraɪətərz smæʃt ˈoʊvər 20 kɑz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ trək. ˈfoʊˌtoʊz frəm meɪ deɪ ˈproʊˌtɛsts ɛz ɪn jɪrz pæst, ðə siˈætəl pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ riˈlis ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd æsk ˈpipəl tɪ hɛlp aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈraɪətərz fər ˈfərðər ərˈɛst. ˈfaʊlər sɛd ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt stɪl həz ə lɔt əv ˈvɪdioʊ ənd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz tɪ lʊk θru, ənd ðət ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ɪz ˌəndərˈweɪ. hi ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ərˈɛst ˈsəmˌwən, ɪt min ðət ðeɪ wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli bi ʧɑrʤd. ðət ɪz əp tɪ ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz, hi sɛd. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, pəˈlis ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ərˈɛsts fər ə reɪnʤ əv kraɪmz frəm ˈfɛləni əˈsɔlt tɪ əbˈstrəktɪŋ. ˈæftər ðə protest-turned-riot*, ˈfaʊlər sɛd ðət hi nu ðoʊz kraɪmz wər ˈlaɪkli ˈkəmɪŋ ɛz hi wɔʧt ðə ˈænərˌkɪst kraʊd ˈgæðər. ðeɪ lɛft siˈætəl ˈsɛntrəl kəmˈjunɪti ˈkɑlɪʤ ənd muvd daʊn ˈbrɔdˌweɪ, ɪt wɑz ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈpisfəl, bət wi nu ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ lɛft ðət ðɛr wər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi issues,”*,” ˈfaʊlər sɛd. kʊd hir ðə kraʊd tɔk əˈbaʊt wət ðeɪ wər goʊɪŋ tɪ du ɛz ju wər ˈstændɪŋ ðɛr. ju sɔ ðə stɪks, ju kʊd si ðɛm ˈpʊtɪŋ ˈrɛnʧɪz ˈɪntu ðɛr slivz. ɪt wɑz ənˈlaɪk ˈɛniˌθɪŋ aɪ hæd sin before.”*.” ðə siˈætəl pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ brif ðə siˈætəl ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun əˈbaʊt ðə ˈækʃənz ˈɔfɪsərz tʊk ɔn meɪ 1

overview avexir’s is a dual channel x single side (4096mb) dram) memory modules, based on eight x components per module. each module kit supports intel (extreme memory profiles). total kit capacity is 8gb. it supports newest generation of intel haswell chipset. each module pair has been tested on various to run at rated speed at timing of at 1.65v. the are programmed to standard latency-1600mhz timing of at 1.5v. features -intel haswell -every memory is 100% tested on pc environment -dynamic blue led light -high conductive light guide bar -high performance voltage stabilizing generator -aist every single examined by sorting technology -golden finger protector -8 layers for maximum thermal conduction -double copper to maximized ability caution **not every could operate such high speed **make sure your and are capable to **please update bios to the newest version verified - formula series

ˈoʊvərvˌju ɪz ə duəl ˈʧænəl ɛks ˈsɪŋgəl saɪd 4096mb*) ˈdiˌræm) ˈmɛməri ˈmɑʤulz, beɪst ɔn eɪt ɛks kəmˈpoʊnənts pər ˈmɑʤul. iʧ ˈmɑʤul kɪt səˈpɔrts ˌɪnˈtɛl (ɪkˈstrim ˈmɛməri ˈproʊˌfaɪlz). ˈtoʊtəl kɪt kəˈpæsɪti ɪz 8gb*. ɪt səˈpɔrts nuəst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈhæswɛl chipset*. iʧ ˈmɑʤul pɛr həz bɪn ˈtɛstɪd ɔn ˈvɛriəs tɪ rən æt ˈreɪtɪd spid æt ˈtaɪmɪŋ əv æt 1.65v*. ðə ər ˈproʊˌgræmd tɪ ˈstændərd ˈleɪtənsi ˈtaɪmɪŋ əv æt 1.5v*. ˈfiʧərz -ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈhæswɛl -ˈɛvəri ˈmɛməri ɪz 100 ˈtɛstɪd ɔn ˈpiˈsi ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt -daɪˈnæmɪk blu lɛd laɪt -haɪ kənˈdəktɪv laɪt gaɪd bɑr -haɪ pərˈfɔrməns ˈvoʊltɪʤ ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtər -eɪst ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl ɪgˈzæmənd baɪ ˈsɔrtɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤi -ˈgoʊldən ˈfɪŋgər prəˈtɛktər 8 leɪərz fər ˈmæksəməm ˈθərməl kənˈdəkʃən -ˈdəbəl ˈkɑpər tɪ ˈmæksəˌmaɪzd əˈbɪləˌti ˈkɔʃən **nɑt ˈɛvəri kʊd ˈɔpərˌeɪt səʧ haɪ spid **meɪk ʃʊr jʊr ənd ər ˈkeɪpəbəl tɪ **pliz ˈəpˌdeɪt baɪoʊs tɪ ðə nuəst ˈvərʒən ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈfɔrmjələ ˈsɪriz

'maturity is greatly overrated': the conversation with ronda rousey ufc champion ronda rousey explains why she doesn't like calling herself a "role model." next video ed for who could doubt ronda seriousness on press day for 184? in this signaturew series, we sit down for a candid with a remarkable person. our aim is to cover topics high and low, deep and less so, to present a fresh look at folks we think we know and meet some others we wish we'd known all along. welcome to the conversation. caution: adult themes and language ahead. *** who: ronda rousey, undefeated women's champion. who else: her best friend, marina shafir. where: restaurant, austin, texas. when: march 14, 2015. ronda rousey: i think we should have a prickly pear margarita. i worked hard the last couple days. i deserve it. allison glock: i wholeheartedly agree. what size? rr: [side-eyeing] uh, large. i'm f------ ronda rousey. [laughs.] i'm officially changing my name to "f------ ronda rousey." waitress: can we get your drinks? rr: i want a prickly pear margarita! ten ounce. and get some tequila. waitress: it only comes one way. can i just see your id? rr: here's my license. do you want to see that? ag: you have to have a license to bartend? rr: in california, yeah. as soon as i turned 21, i was. i learned so much from the job, social lessons i didn't learn from judo. especially about doing press. ag: how's that? rr: as a bartender, i am having pretty much the identical conversation over and over all day, but i still have to be present and genuine with every single response and try to get the other person to like me because that's what gets you tips. and really, how is that different from media? i did an appearance with fans recently, and people were like, "are you getting tired of this?" and i'm thinking, "no, this is the same as mother's day at gladstones. instead of giving out drinks, i'm giving out signed pictures." ag: you worked at gladstones in malibu? rr: i wore the red polo and the blue hat. the khakis. and then they made me start wearing skirts. it was bulls---. i got instead. i wasn't about to be working in a skirt. ag: you've evolved from not caring about clothes at all to being somewhat into fashion. rr: actually, my coach started it. all the guys at my gym are armenian and extremely well dressed. i was rolling in looking like a bum, mostly because i was wearing clothes i'd had since i was 17. i owned, like, four outfits, and they weren't in the best of shape. so my coach said, "ronda, you have to dress up a little more. put on makeup in the morning. make it a habit." when i started making a bit of money, i got better clothes, and now i'm sponsored by buffalo david bitton. i'm wearing it right now [points to her gray, perforated t-shirt and leather jacket]. rod mar for rousey does interviews in los angeles ahead of her last fight, which lasted all of 14 seconds. ag: yours is the first fashion sponsorship anyone in has ever gotten. rr: yes! and now that i'm into it, i look at fashion all the time. you know, "who are you wearing?" i kinda feel bad because sometimes the worlds clash. the last fight, at the on press day, i was wearing this white, leather alexander mcqueen dress, and i was going to post it, but then i worried maybe i shouldn't because people might think that i'm not serious about. ag: i don't think there is any risk of that. besides, it would be a bit of a double standard given someone like mcgregor is such a dandy. no one is accusing him of not being a serious athlete. as a bartender, i am having pretty much the identical conversation over and over all day, but i still have to be present and genuine with every single response and try to get the other person to like me because that's what gets you tips. and really, how is that different from media? ronda rousey rr: no kidding, right? ultimately, though, i didn't tag the photo. i was like, "alexander doesn't pay me. screw it." i do get gifted some things. i have a stylist now because i've got several trips coming and i don't have that many outfits. a lot of my best clothes i buy at photo shoots because i don't have time to shop. i actually bought that mcqueen dress from the anniversary photo shoot. i bought it from you guys, so thank you for making me look really hot. ag: you're welcome. [she puts on an oversized trucker cap the restaurant just gave her, snaps a photo.] that looks pretty hot, too. rr: [makes a goofy face] i've got a really good hat head. but my hair is still done, so the struggle is real. do i cover the amazing hair? or do i show how great my head is in hats? ag: you gotta go back and forth. you gotta mix it up. rr: i gotta gesture with it and take it on and off. [she does just that, starts laughing.] ag: are you fussy about your food when you're not training? rr: i try to keep, but i'm so on point when i'm in camp that having a vegetable wrap would actually only be because of the wrap on it. ag: the wrap is the sin? that's a lot of sacrifice. rr: yeah. like last night, i got the fried calamari and i took all the bread off before dipping it, and that was my treat. and i had one little rip of the cotton candy because i thought maybe gourmet cotton candy would be different. it wasn't. and i ate all the raspberries off the desserts. everyone else had dessert. i ate the raspberries. and i wouldn't even do that during camp. let me show you what my training diet looks like. [takes out her phone, pulls up a sample menu.] here we go. 8 a.m.: two teaspoons oat bran, two teaspoons chia seeds, two teaspoons hemp seeds; 10 a.m.: train;: smoothie; 12 p.m.: farmer's scramble: one whole egg, plus two egg whites, two sides of turkey bacon; 4 p.m.: snack: one apple, cup raw almonds, cup raw cashews; 6 p.m.: train. smoothie, da, da, da. before bed: tea. everything's got an hour, an amount, everything. ag: and you follow it to the letter? esther images no one puts more pressure on ronda rousey than ronda rousey. rr: yeah. and instead of vitamins, i have this giant shake twice a day, so it's all fresh vegetables and fruits: a whole beet, a whole apple, two carrots, four strawberries, one cup of blueberries, two handfuls of red grapes, one whole lemon, one handful of spinach, one handful of kale, handful of parsley, two stalks of celery, two tablespoons of hemp seeds, two tablespoons of chia seeds, one tablespoon of coconut oil, one chard leaf, no stem. ag: just the one chard leaf. rr: [laughs.] just the one, yeah. listen, after i stopped competing in judo, before i began fighting, i partied hard. i felt like i'd been training my whole life and missed out on the whole club scene. ag: how long did that debauchery last? rg: long enough. it ended after being on the other side of the bar. took the romanticism out of drinking. any time i saw a white chick go, "woo!", it was not hot. there is nothing sexy about a drunk girl. you really don't know how dumb you look. ag: speaking of letting off steam, do you dance or sing? rr: i'm a terrible singer, but i'm not shy about it. i'm shy about dancing. ag: do you do karaoke? rr: i sang karaoke in japan, but they didn't have the right song. i've always wanted to sing "take me home tonight," but i've never gotten the chance. josh images ag: wow, if only we had more time. do you prefer a shower or bath? rr: a bath. i have a candle permanently on my jacuzzi, because i love me some candles. ag: cat person or dog person? rr: dog. my dog, mochi, she changed my life. ag: in what way? rr: knowing i was responsible for another living thing. when i got her, i decided even if i was a loser, my dog didn't deserve to suffer for it. so though i was and working three jobs, i made sure i woke up extra early in the morning to drive her to doggy day care. the first $35 of my shift went to mochi. even when i was eating top noodles, i bought her dog food because it wasn't her fault that i was broke. there were times when i lived in my car, and i was like, "i have a dog, i need to ..." ag: you lived in your car? rr: for a week or so once, yeah, after judo, before. and i realized i couldn't let that situation ever happen again because what would my dog do? it put pressure on me to succeed when i was responsible for another living thing. allen images rousey attends the 2014 premiere of "the 3" in los angeles. ag: you seem to put pressure on yourself regardless. rr: pretty much. i figure, what's the worst that could happen? ag: you could have projectile diarrhea in front of everyone you respect. rr: yeah, i guess. but compared to soldiers fighting wars or families in refugee camps, that's really not a big deal, is it? ag: what do you wish you could change about yourself? rr: a lot of things. i wish i could cook. i wish i could speak spanish. i want to speak spanish and armenian and russian. ag: what is your biggest vice? rr: buffalo wings. ag: what is the last television show you binge-watched? rr: [the hbo documentary series] "vice." i watched all of the first two seasons. and i like bill maher a lot. ag: have you been on his show? rr: no, i'm not that cool. there's a lot of pressure on that panel. some people, they just bomb. i don't want to look dumb in front of bill maher. [pauses for a beat.] is he single? ag: i think he is aggressively single. i realized i couldn't let that situation ever happen again because what would my dog do? it put pressure on me to succeed when i was responsible for another living thing. ronda rousey, on living in her car rr: really? he's got that richard gere, sexy look. ag: i noticed you were killing time watching ryan earlier. rr: mmm, we do love us some ryan. ag: why? rr: i don't know. why is a margarita delicious? what can i say? it just f------ is, man. ag: tell me a bit about your romantic history. rr: any guy that i've ever really been into, i never liked him at first. i grow into liking people. and i'm not into guys from afar. people are always asking me about my celebrity crush, and i'm like, i don't know. i can say people are cute. brad pitt is a sculpture of a man, but i'm not squealing "oh my god!" because i don't know him. i have to know somebody to have a crush on him. ag: what about other relationships? what kind of friend are you? rr: i don't know. [she turns to her best friend, sitting nearby.] chime in, marina. what kind of friend am i? marina shafir: very loyal. rr: ferociously loyal, almost to a fault. do i have makeup all over my face? ms: no. ag: are you a birthday rememberer? rr: no. to be honest, i don't know some of my family members' birthdays. ms: the only reason she knows my birthday is because it's her lucky number. ag: what's your lucky number? rr: fourteen. ag: how did you guys meet? rr: judo. ms: you didn't like me. rr: i liked you. ms: no, you didn't. i complimented you on your sponge bob laces, on all sorts of things. every time i tried to speak with you, you were a b----. rr: i just had a b----- demeanor. listen, the first time she tried to talk to me, i was listening to my music, and i'm really into my music. and she taps me and says, "that's rage against the machine." and i'm like, "you made me stop listening to rage against the machine so you could tell me that i was listening to rage against the machine?" ms: such a b----. josh images rousey had an image epiphany at age 22. ag: how old were you? how many years ago? rr: we were both 13. ag: how did you get past that rocky beginning? rr: it was at a judo tournament. everybody left to go eat after we all made weight, and i don't know why, we were on a sugar high and i was like, "hey marina, you want to see something i've never shown anybody before?" and i for her, before was a thing. way back in 2005. ms: we've been like sisters ever since. ag: is your friendship the kind that you give advice to each other? ms: only about boys. we're like, "no, no, no! he should not be doing that to you. no, no, no!" rr: "girrrl, you can do a whole lot better than that!" i've definitely had worse boyfriends than her. ag: do you have bad taste in men? rr: well, i'm single, so ... ag: would you rather date a bald guy or a short guy? rr: i would rather date bald and tall. it's how i was raised, to have a place and a purpose and know everything happens for a reason. i have faith that even missed opportunities are a blessing in disguise, and the very worst things that have happened in my life have resulted in the best things that have ever happened in my life. ronda rousey, on faith ag: what movie have you watched more than any other movie? rr: i think it's a tie between "fight club," "the fifth element," "pulp fiction" and "when harry met sally." ag: what's the worst advice you've ever been given? rr: don't do? [laughs.] thanks, mom! ag: how important is faith in your life? rr: every single good thing in my life happened because i had faith that there was goodness coming for me. it's how i was raised, to have a place and a purpose and know everything happens for a reason. i have faith that even missed opportunities are a blessing in disguise, and the very worst things that have happened in my life have resulted in the best things that have ever happened in my life. ag: does nature play a part in your outlook? rr: yes. i'm a big southern california beach girl. ag: what is it about the ocean that speaks to you? rr: being able to feel small. ag: how do you imagine your old age? rr: i never want to put a perfect body into the ground, so i'm going to wear my body out. what do i need two perfect knees at age 60 for? i picture myself as one of those floating heads in a tank like in "futurama" because my body quit. ag: are you an organ donor? rr: yes. ag: what virtue do you think is overrated? rr: maturity. maturity is greatly overrated. that's one of my mom's favorite lines. ag: when did she start telling you that? rr: as a kid, so i wouldn't take myself too seriously. what is that dr. seuss quote? "be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don't matter, and those who matter don't mind." i think that's what she wanted me to take away from that. ed mulholland for did we mention her last fight lasted 14 seconds? ag: and did you? rr: as i got older i learned to be comfortable enough to act like myself. it took awhile to gain the confidence in every setting. i was extremely introverted and shy growing up. a lot of people are surprised to hear that since i'm so over the top now. ag: were you the kind of kid that would sit back and observe? rr: i didn't talk coherently until was 6, so i was forced to be an observer. not having that many words, i learned a lot of patience. ag: how important is patience in your career? i would imagine it's pretty critical. rr: one of my problems fighting is i am sometimes too impatient, and that's something i've had to really train. one day my coach made me hit the bag for 30 rounds so that i would learn patience. ag: what is your idea of perfection? rr: i like having a day where i can balance everything. my idea of paradise is to wake up in the morning, have coffee, go surfing or skimboarding, get in the ocean somehow. then eat breakfast and go train, come home, chill with my dog and my friends and a big plate of buffalo wings and some sort of dessert a la mode. it's got to be hot and cold. i need two temperatures in my dessert. ag: do you think it's a good time or a tough time to be a woman in this culture? rr: i think it's the best time yet, because it's always improving. ag: how do you feel about how women are treated on social media? i'm an ovarian goldmine. i can't waste these genes. ronda rousey, on wanting to have kids rr: it can be creepy and weird. personally, i wasn't allowed to have a cellphone until i was 16. i think having a cellphone becomes a social crutch, especially during those uncomfortable puberty years. if i had a kid, i would try to keep them out of social media until they were at least in their teens. ag: do you want to have kids some day? rr: definitely. i'm an ovarian goldmine. i can't waste these genes. ag: would you rather lose an arm or a leg? rr: arm. ag: would you rather be stronger than you are now or smarter than you are now? rr: smarter. i'm strong enough. ag: who do you want most to make proud? rr: my mother. she lives on the border of santa monica and venice. my sister and their family live nearby, too. we have the most entertaining family dinners. there is no topic off the table, and no one ever gets offended. it's a wit competition every time. ag: is everything a competition for you? rr: yes. notice that i finished my drink first. not an accident. worse is, if i feel like i'm in a competition that i'm not going to win, i'm not playing. if people want to play monopoly and i don't think i'm taking the victory, i'm like, "f--- it." i'm either in it to win or i'm not in it at all. ag: what's the biggest lie you've ever told yourself? rr: that i would be happy for the rest of my life. i really tried to convince myself of that. that it would be great for me. but it just wasn't. i was meant for something else. and now i see why i felt that way. ap j. terrill rousey, not one for team sports, is a big fan of serena williams. ag: did you ever have body image issues? rr: huge body image issues growing up. big time! i absolutely loathed how i looked until i was around 22 years old. ag: what happened at 22 that changed that trajectory? rr: i stopped caring. i stopped looking at the scale. after the olympics i didn't weigh myself. i ate as much as i wanted all the time. the feeling of having my belly full was something i was compelled to do, and once i got that out of my system, i felt like i was able to break my emotional dependency on food. ag: food with feelings is a complicated struggle for many women. if the best thing about your day is what you eat, there's something wrong with your f------ day. ronda rousey, on body image rr: listen, there's nothing wrong with your discipline or you just because you ate whatever. but if the best thing about your day is what you eat, there's something wrong with your f------ day. what changed for me is i was always thinking i wanted to make my body look a certain way so i would be happy. but when i made myself happy first, then the body came after. it was a journey of and trial and error. ag: when you say you wanted your body to look "a certain way," what was the image in your head? rr: the image in my head was the maxim cover girl. in the end, instead of making my body resemble one of those chicks, i decided to try to change the idea of what a maxim chick could look like. ag: and then, in september 2013, you were on the cover. rr: i wasn't conventional, but apparently, i was acceptable. [laughs.] ag: do you have a soundtrack for your life? rr: right now, my song is "bad reputation" by joan jett and the blackhearts. that's my song. when i was going to the 2004 olympics i was constantly playing to "waiting" by green day. i was 17 and i was listening to that song and picturing myself surprising everyone by winning the gold. didn't pan out that way. the song on my ipod is "strangers in the night," a cover by cake. ag: really? rr: yeah. it's a good driving song. no one would think that would be my song. ag: it's pretty emo. does anything scare you outside of your career? spiders? heights? rr: my only fear is failure. i like spiders. i used to collect bugs when i was a kid. i love heights. i've been bungee jumping a bunch of times. i would love to go parachuting. i'm cool with snakes. i can hook a rattlesnake. i've done it before. ag: what makes you feel out of control? rr: drinking too much, which is why i barely do it now. it's like a event, and i always regret it. i'll start to feel like, "ahhhh, let's go dancing tonight, yes, woo!" i'll do the woo," and it's not good. alcohol is bad, kids. stop at buzzed. "stop at buzzed" is my mantra. ag: what about feelings? do your feelings ever make you feel out of control? rr: not out of control, but i won't say i'm a control freak, either. i'm an extremely emotional person and kind of impulsive. i'm calculated in business, impulsive in my life. allison ronda rousey, with the "really good hat head," signs photos for fans at south by southwest. ag: what sports do you watch? rr: boxing, and tennis. i like individual sports the most. i feel like team sports dilute pressure, and i don't really understand why everyone likes them so much. ag: what other women do you admire? rr: serena williams, and, of course, my mother. but i love watching serena. i think she's awesome. ag: do you play tennis? rr: i'm really bad with ball sports. i have been hit in the face with every type of ball. ag: are you sure you want to say that? rr: [laughs.] i'm serious. basketball, football, softball, baseball, foosball, pinball, ping-pong ball, rugby ball, cricket ball. they have all hit me in the face. ag: why? rr: i have tiny hands. i can't catch things. i have the smallest hands in the. my hands are smaller than girls'. i have the strongest chin and the most tiny, fragile hands. ag: the champion of the world has elf hands? rr: [holds up her palms, wrinkles her nose.] hands. i was a muscular girl. i never wore make up a single day. i always had my hair up, dressed in baggy clothes because i was embarrassed about how my body looked. ronda rousey, on high school ag: how was high school for you? rr: i dropped out sophomore year. it was not cool for me. i was far from popular. i got teased a lot. ag: teased for what? rr: i was a muscular girl. i never wore makeup a single day. i always had my hair up, dressed in baggy clothes because i was embarrassed about how my body looked. i was shy. having cauliflower ears and are another sure way to get teased. ag: so you said goodbye to all that and pursued athletics? rr: i decided to go to the olympics instead. ag: do you believe in destiny? rr: definitely. ag: when you look in the mirror, what do you see? rr: it depends on the day. usually, i look in the mirror and ask, "what have you gotten yourself into now?" i will literally ask myself that question. right before a fight, for example. or i'll be on a photo shoot, tanned up in a swimsuit. or say i'm in a trailer on a movie set and i'm in costume. or a week after a fight, when i've gained a few pounds and can't see the bones in my feet anymore. then, as i always do, i will stare at the reflection of my face and ask, "what have you gotten yourself into now?" ag: and what's your answer? rr: i just shrug and say, "i don't know, but you're here, so you better f------ deal with it, girl."

'məˈʧʊrəti ɪz ˈgreɪtli ˌoʊvərˈreɪtɪd': ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪθ ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi ˈʧæmpiən ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi ɪkˈspleɪnz waɪ ʃi ˈdəzənt laɪk ˈkɔlɪŋ hərˈsɛlf ə "roʊl ˈmɑdəl." nɛkst ˈvɪdioʊ ɛd fər hu kʊd daʊt ˈrɑndə ˈsɪriəsnəs ɔn prɛs deɪ fər 184 ɪn ðɪs ˈsɪgnəʧər ˈsɪriz, wi sɪt daʊn fər ə ˈkændɪd wɪθ ə rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˈpərsən. ɑr eɪm ɪz tɪ ˈkəvər ˈtɑpɪks haɪ ənd loʊ, dip ənd lɛs soʊ, tɪ ˈprɛzənt ə frɛʃ lʊk æt foʊks wi θɪŋk wi noʊ ənd mit səm ˈəðərz wi wɪʃ wid noʊn ɔl əˈlɔŋ. ˈwɛlkəm tɪ ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən. ˈkɔʃən: ˈædəlt θimz ənd ˈlæŋgwɪʤ əˈhɛd. hu: ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi, ˌəndɪˈfitɪd ˈwɪmənz ˈʧæmpiən. hu ɛls: hər bɛst frɛnd, mərˈinə shafir*. wɛr: ˈrɛˌstrɑnt, ˈɔstən, ˈtɛksəs. wɪn: mɑrʧ 14 2015 ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi: aɪ θɪŋk wi ʃʊd hæv ə ˈprɪkli pɛr ˌmɑrgərˈitə. aɪ wərkt hɑrd ðə læst ˈkəpəl deɪz. aɪ dɪˈzərv ɪt. ˈælɪsən glɑk: aɪ ˈhoʊlhɑrtɪdli əˈgri. wət saɪz? rr*: [side-eyeing*] ə, lɑrʤ. əm ɛf------ ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi. [læfs.] əm əˈfɪʃəli ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ maɪ neɪm tɪ "ɛf------ ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi." ˈweɪtrəs: kən wi gɪt jʊr drɪŋks? rr*: aɪ wɔnt ə ˈprɪkli pɛr ˌmɑrgərˈitə! tɛn aʊns. ənd gɪt səm təˈkilə. ˈweɪtrəs: ɪt ˈoʊnli kəmz wən weɪ. kən aɪ ʤɪst si jʊr ˈaɪˈdi? rr*: hɪrz maɪ ˈlaɪsəns. du ju wɔnt tɪ si ðət? ˈeɪˈgi: ju hæv tɪ hæv ə ˈlaɪsəns tɪ bartend*? rr*: ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, jæ. ɛz sun ɛz aɪ tərnd 21 aɪ wɑz. aɪ ˈlərnɪd soʊ məʧ frəm ðə ʤɑb, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈlɛsənz aɪ ˈdɪdənt lərn frəm ˈʤuˌdoʊ. əˈspɛʃəli əˈbaʊt duɪŋ prɛs. ˈeɪˈgi: haʊz ðət? rr*: ɛz ə ˈbɑrˌtɛndər, aɪ æm ˈhævɪŋ ˈprɪti məʧ ðə aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər ɔl deɪ, bət aɪ stɪl hæv tɪ bi ˈprɛzənt ənd ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn wɪθ ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl rɪˈspɑns ənd traɪ tɪ gɪt ðə ˈəðər ˈpərsən tɪ laɪk mi bɪˈkəz ðæts wət gɪts ju tɪps. ənd ˈrɪli, haʊ ɪz ðət ˈdɪfərənt frəm ˈmidiə? aɪ dɪd ən əˈpɪrəns wɪθ fænz ˈrisəntli, ənd ˈpipəl wər laɪk, "ər ju ˈgɪtɪŋ taɪərd əv ðɪs?" ənd əm ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, "noʊ, ðɪs ɪz ðə seɪm ɛz ˈməðərz deɪ æt ˈglædˌstoʊnz. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈgɪvɪŋ aʊt drɪŋks, əm ˈgɪvɪŋ aʊt saɪnd ˈpɪkʧərz." ˈeɪˈgi: ju wərkt æt ˈglædˌstoʊnz ɪn ˈmæləbu? rr*: aɪ wɔr ðə rɛd ˈpoʊloʊ ənd ðə blu hæt. ðə ˈkækiz. ənd ðɛn ðeɪ meɪd mi stɑrt ˈwɛrɪŋ skərts. ɪt wɑz bʊlz---. aɪ gɑt ˌɪnˈstɛd. aɪ ˈwəzənt əˈbaʊt tɪ bi ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ə skərt. ˈeɪˈgi: juv ɪˈvɑlvd frəm nɑt ˈkɛrɪŋ əˈbaʊt kloʊðz æt ɔl tɪ biɪŋ ˈsəmˈwət ˈɪntu ˈfæʃən. rr*: ˈæˌkʧuəli, maɪ koʊʧ ˈstɑrtɪd ɪt. ɔl ðə gaɪz æt maɪ ʤɪm ər ɑrˈminiən ənd ɪkˈstrimli wɛl drɛst. aɪ wɑz ˈroʊlɪŋ ɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ laɪk ə bəm, ˈmoʊstli bɪˈkəz aɪ wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ kloʊðz aɪd hæd sɪns aɪ wɑz 17 aɪ oʊnd, laɪk, fɔr ˈaʊtˌfɪts, ənd ðeɪ wərənt ɪn ðə bɛst əv ʃeɪp. soʊ maɪ koʊʧ sɛd, "ˈrɑndə, ju hæv tɪ drɛs əp ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr. pʊt ɔn ˈmeɪˌkəp ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ. meɪk ɪt ə ˈhæbət." wɪn aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə bɪt əv ˈməni, aɪ gɑt ˈbɛtər kloʊðz, ənd naʊ əm ˈspɑnsərd baɪ ˈbəfəˌloʊ ˈdeɪvɪd ˈbɪtən. əm ˈwɛrɪŋ ɪt raɪt naʊ [pɔɪnts tɪ hər greɪ, ˈpərfərˌeɪtɪd ˈtiˌsərt ənd ˈlɛðər ˈʤækɪt]. rɑd mɑr fər ˈraʊsi dɪz ˈɪntərvˌjuz ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs əˈhɛd əv hər læst faɪt, wɪʧ ˈlæstɪd ɔl əv 14 ˈsɛkəndz. ˈeɪˈgi: jʊrz ɪz ðə fərst ˈfæʃən ˈspɑnsərˌʃɪp ˈɛniˌwən ɪn həz ˈɛvər ˈgɔtən. rr*: jɛs! ənd naʊ ðət əm ˈɪntu ɪt, aɪ lʊk æt ˈfæʃən ɔl ðə taɪm. ju noʊ, "hu ər ju ˈwɛrɪŋ?" aɪ ˈkɪndə fil bæd bɪˈkəz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə wərldz klæʃ. ðə læst faɪt, æt ðə ɔn prɛs deɪ, aɪ wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ ðɪs waɪt, ˈlɛðər ˌælɪgˈzændər məkˈwin drɛs, ənd aɪ wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ poʊst ɪt, bət ðɛn aɪ ˈwərid ˈmeɪbi aɪ ˈʃʊdənt bɪˈkəz ˈpipəl maɪt θɪŋk ðət əm nɑt ˈsɪriəs əˈbaʊt. ˈeɪˈgi: aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ðɛr ɪz ˈɛni rɪsk əv ðət. ˌbiˈsaɪdz, ɪt wʊd bi ə bɪt əv ə ˈdəbəl ˈstændərd ˈgɪvɪn ˈsəmˌwən laɪk məˈgrɛgər ɪz səʧ ə ˈdændi. noʊ wən ɪz əˈkjuzɪŋ ɪm əv nɑt biɪŋ ə ˈsɪriəs ˈæθˌlit. ɛz ə ˈbɑrˌtɛndər, aɪ æm ˈhævɪŋ ˈprɪti məʧ ðə aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər ɔl deɪ, bət aɪ stɪl hæv tɪ bi ˈprɛzənt ənd ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn wɪθ ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl rɪˈspɑns ənd traɪ tɪ gɪt ðə ˈəðər ˈpərsən tɪ laɪk mi bɪˈkəz ðæts wət gɪts ju tɪps. ənd ˈrɪli, haʊ ɪz ðət ˈdɪfərənt frəm ˈmidiə? ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi rr*: noʊ ˈkɪdɪŋ, raɪt? ˈəltəmətli, ðoʊ, aɪ ˈdɪdənt tæg ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ. aɪ wɑz laɪk, "ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈdəzənt peɪ mi. skru ɪt." aɪ du gɪt ˈgɪftɪd səm θɪŋz. aɪ hæv ə ˈstaɪlɪst naʊ bɪˈkəz aɪv gɑt ˈsɛvərəl trɪps ˈkəmɪŋ ənd aɪ doʊnt hæv ðət ˈmɛni ˈaʊtˌfɪts. ə lɔt əv maɪ bɛst kloʊðz aɪ baɪ æt ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ʃuts bɪˈkəz aɪ doʊnt hæv taɪm tɪ ʃɑp. aɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli bɔt ðət məkˈwin drɛs frəm ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ʃut. aɪ bɔt ɪt frəm ju gaɪz, soʊ θæŋk ju fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ mi lʊk ˈrɪli hɑt. ˈeɪˈgi: jʊr ˈwɛlkəm. [ʃi pʊts ɔn ən ˈoʊvərˌsaɪzd ˈtrəkər kæp ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ʤɪst geɪv hər, snæps ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ.] ðət lʊks ˈprɪti hɑt, tu. rr*: [meɪks ə ˈgufi feɪs] aɪv gɑt ə ˈrɪli gʊd hæt hɛd. bət maɪ hɛr ɪz stɪl dən, soʊ ðə ˈstrəgəl ɪz ril. du aɪ ˈkəvər ðə əˈmeɪzɪŋ hɛr? ər du aɪ ʃoʊ haʊ greɪt maɪ hɛd ɪz ɪn hæts? ˈeɪˈgi: ju ˈgɑtə goʊ bæk ənd fɔrθ. ju ˈgɑtə mɪks ɪt əp. rr*: aɪ ˈgɑtə ˈʤɛsʧər wɪθ ɪt ənd teɪk ɪt ɔn ənd ɔf. [ʃi dɪz ʤɪst ðət, stɑrts ˈlæfɪŋ.] ˈeɪˈgi: ər ju ˈfəsi əˈbaʊt jʊr fud wɪn jʊr nɑt ˈtreɪnɪŋ? rr*: aɪ traɪ tɪ kip, bət əm soʊ ɔn pɔɪnt wɪn əm ɪn kæmp ðət ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈvɛʤtəbəl ræp wʊd ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈoʊnli bi bɪˈkəz əv ðə ræp ɔn ɪt. ˈeɪˈgi: ðə ræp ɪz ðə sɪn? ðæts ə lɔt əv ˈsækrəˌfaɪs. rr*: jæ. laɪk læst naɪt, aɪ gɑt ðə frid kɑlɑˈmɑri ənd aɪ tʊk ɔl ðə brɛd ɔf ˌbiˈfɔr ˈdɪpɪŋ ɪt, ənd ðət wɑz maɪ trit. ənd aɪ hæd wən ˈlɪtəl rɪp əv ðə ˈkɔtən ˈkændi bɪˈkəz aɪ θɔt ˈmeɪbi ˈgʊrˌmeɪ ˈkɔtən ˈkændi wʊd bi ˈdɪfərənt. ɪt ˈwəzənt. ənd aɪ eɪt ɔl ðə ˈræzˌbɛriz ɔf ðə dɪˈzərts. ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls hæd dɪˈzərt. aɪ eɪt ðə ˈræzˌbɛriz. ənd aɪ ˈwʊdənt ˈivɪn du ðət ˈdʊrɪŋ kæmp. lɛt mi ʃoʊ ju wət maɪ ˈtreɪnɪŋ daɪət lʊks laɪk. [teɪks aʊt hər foʊn, pʊlz əp ə ˈsæmpəl ˈmɛnju.] hir wi goʊ. 8 a.m*.: tu ˈtiˌspunz oʊt bræn, tu ˈtiˌspunz ˈʧiə sidz, tu ˈtiˌspunz hɛmp sidz; 10 a.m*.: treɪn; smoothie*; 12 p.m*.: ˈfɑrmərz ˈskræmbəl: wən hoʊl ɛg, pləs tu ɛg waɪts, tu saɪdz əv ˈtərki ˈbeɪkən; 4 p.m*.: snæk: wən ˈæpəl, kəp rɑ ˈɑlməndz, kəp rɑ ˈkæˌʃuz; 6 p.m*.: treɪn. smoothie*, ˈdiˈeɪ, ˈdiˈeɪ, ˈdiˈeɪ. ˌbiˈfɔr bɛd: ti. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋz gɑt ən aʊər, ən əˈmaʊnt, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. ˈeɪˈgi: ənd ju ˈfɑloʊ ɪt tɪ ðə ˈlɛtər? ˈɛstər ˈɪmɪʤɪz noʊ wən pʊts mɔr ˈprɛʃər ɔn ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi ðən ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi. rr*: jæ. ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈvaɪtəmənz, aɪ hæv ðɪs ʤaɪənt ʃeɪk twaɪs ə deɪ, soʊ ɪts ɔl frɛʃ ˈvɛʤtəbəlz ənd fruts: ə hoʊl bit, ə hoʊl ˈæpəl, tu ˈkɛrəts, fɔr ˈstrɔˌbɛriz, wən kəp əv ˈbluˌbɛriz, tu ˈhændˌfʊlz əv rɛd greɪps, wən hoʊl ˈlɛmən, wən ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈspɪnəʧ, wən ˈhændˌfʊl əv keɪl, ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈpɑrsli, tu stɔks əv ˈsɛləri, tu ˈteɪbəlˌspunz əv hɛmp sidz, tu ˈteɪbəlˌspunz əv ˈʧiə sidz, wən ˈteɪbəlˌspun əv ˈkoʊkəˌnət ɔɪl, wən ʧɑrd lif, noʊ stɛm. ˈeɪˈgi: ʤɪst ðə wən ʧɑrd lif. rr*: [læfs.] ʤɪst ðə wən, jæ. ˈlɪsən, ˈæftər aɪ stɑpt kəmˈpitɪŋ ɪn ˈʤuˌdoʊ, ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ bɪˈgæn ˈfaɪtɪŋ, aɪ ˈpɑrtid hɑrd. aɪ fɛlt laɪk aɪd bɪn ˈtreɪnɪŋ maɪ hoʊl laɪf ənd mɪst aʊt ɔn ðə hoʊl kləb sin. ˈeɪˈgi: haʊ lɔŋ dɪd ðət dəˈbɔʧəri læst? rg*: lɔŋ ɪˈnəf. ɪt ˈɛndɪd ˈæftər biɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv ðə bɑr. tʊk ðə roʊˈmæntəˌsɪzəm aʊt əv ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ. ˈɛni taɪm aɪ sɔ ə waɪt ʧɪk goʊ, "wu!", ɪt wɑz nɑt hɑt. ðɛr ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ ˈsɛksi əˈbaʊt ə drəŋk gərl. ju ˈrɪli doʊnt noʊ haʊ dəm ju lʊk. ˈeɪˈgi: ˈspikɪŋ əv ˈlɛtɪŋ ɔf stim, du ju dæns ər sɪŋ? rr*: əm ə ˈtɛrəbəl ˈsɪŋər, bət əm nɑt ʃaɪ əˈbaʊt ɪt. əm ʃaɪ əˈbaʊt ˈdænsɪŋ. ˈeɪˈgi: du ju du ˌkɛriˈoʊki? rr*: aɪ sæŋ ˌkɛriˈoʊki ɪn ʤəˈpæn, bət ðeɪ ˈdɪdənt hæv ðə raɪt sɔŋ. aɪv ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈwɔntɪd tɪ sɪŋ "teɪk mi hoʊm təˈnaɪt," bət aɪv ˈnɛvər ˈgɔtən ðə ʧæns. ʤɑʃ ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈeɪˈgi: waʊ, ɪf ˈoʊnli wi hæd mɔr taɪm. du ju prɪˈfər ə ʃaʊər ər bæθ? rr*: ə bæθ. aɪ hæv ə ˈkændəl ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ɔn maɪ ʤəˈkuzi, bɪˈkəz aɪ ləv mi səm ˈkændəlz. ˈeɪˈgi: kæt ˈpərsən ər dɔg ˈpərsən? rr*: dɔg. maɪ dɔg, mochi*, ʃi ʧeɪnʤd maɪ laɪf. ˈeɪˈgi: ɪn wət weɪ? rr*: noʊɪŋ aɪ wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər əˈnəðər ˈlɪvɪŋ θɪŋ. wɪn aɪ gɑt hər, aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ˈivɪn ɪf aɪ wɑz ə ˈluzər, maɪ dɔg ˈdɪdənt dɪˈzərv tɪ ˈsəfər fər ɪt. soʊ ðoʊ aɪ wɑz ənd ˈwərkɪŋ θri ʤɑbz, aɪ meɪd ʃʊr aɪ woʊk əp ˈɛkstrə ˈərli ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ tɪ draɪv hər tɪ ˈdɔgi deɪ kɛr. ðə fərst 35 əv maɪ ʃɪft wɛnt tɪ mochi*. ˈivɪn wɪn aɪ wɑz ˈitɪŋ tɔp ˈnudəlz, aɪ bɔt hər dɔg fud bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈwəzənt hər fɔlt ðət aɪ wɑz broʊk. ðɛr wər taɪmz wɪn aɪ lɪvd ɪn maɪ kɑr, ənd aɪ wɑz laɪk, "aɪ hæv ə dɔg, aɪ nid tɪ ˈeɪˈgi: ju lɪvd ɪn jʊr kɑr? rr*: fər ə wik ər soʊ wəns, jæ, ˈæftər ˈʤuˌdoʊ, ˌbiˈfɔr. ənd aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd aɪ ˈkʊdənt lɛt ðət ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˈɛvər ˈhæpən əˈgɛn bɪˈkəz wət wʊd maɪ dɔg du? ɪt pʊt ˈprɛʃər ɔn mi tɪ səkˈsid wɪn aɪ wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər əˈnəðər ˈlɪvɪŋ θɪŋ. ˈælən ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈraʊsi əˈtɛndz ðə 2014 prɛˈmɪr əv "ðə 3 ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs. ˈeɪˈgi: ju sim tɪ pʊt ˈprɛʃər ɔn ˈjɔrsɛlf rəˈgɑrdləs. rr*: ˈprɪti məʧ. aɪ ˈfɪgjər, wəts ðə wərst ðət kʊd ˈhæpən? ˈeɪˈgi: ju kʊd hæv prɑˈʤɛktəl ˌdaɪərˈiə ɪn frənt əv ˈɛvriˌwən ju rɪˈspɛkt. rr*: jæ, aɪ gɛs. bət kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈsoʊlʤərz ˈfaɪtɪŋ wɔrz ər ˈfæməliz ɪn ˈrɛfjuʤi kæmps, ðæts ˈrɪli nɑt ə bɪg dil, ɪz ɪt? ˈeɪˈgi: wət du ju wɪʃ ju kʊd ʧeɪnʤ əˈbaʊt ˈjɔrsɛlf? rr*: ə lɔt əv θɪŋz. aɪ wɪʃ aɪ kʊd kʊk. aɪ wɪʃ aɪ kʊd spik ˈspænɪʃ. aɪ wɔnt tɪ spik ˈspænɪʃ ənd ɑrˈminiən ənd ˈrəʃən. ˈeɪˈgi: wət ɪz jʊr ˈbɪgəst vaɪs? rr*: ˈbəfəˌloʊ wɪŋz. ˈeɪˈgi: wət ɪz ðə læst ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ʃoʊ ju binge-watched*? rr*: [ðə ˈeɪʧbiˈoʊ ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri ˈsɪriz] "vaɪs." aɪ wɔʧt ɔl əv ðə fərst tu ˈsizənz. ənd aɪ laɪk bɪl mɑr ə lɔt. ˈeɪˈgi: hæv ju bɪn ɔn hɪz ʃoʊ? rr*: noʊ, əm nɑt ðət kul. ðɛrz ə lɔt əv ˈprɛʃər ɔn ðət ˈpænəl. səm ˈpipəl, ðeɪ ʤɪst bɔm. aɪ doʊnt wɔnt tɪ lʊk dəm ɪn frənt əv bɪl mɑr. [ˈpɔzɪz fər ə bit.] ɪz hi ˈsɪŋgəl? ˈeɪˈgi: aɪ θɪŋk hi ɪz əˈgrɛsɪvli ˈsɪŋgəl. aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd aɪ ˈkʊdənt lɛt ðət ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˈɛvər ˈhæpən əˈgɛn bɪˈkəz wət wʊd maɪ dɔg du? ɪt pʊt ˈprɛʃər ɔn mi tɪ səkˈsid wɪn aɪ wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər əˈnəðər ˈlɪvɪŋ θɪŋ. ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi, ɔn ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn hər kɑr rr*: ˈrɪli? hiz gɑt ðət ˈrɪʧərd gir, ˈsɛksi lʊk. ˈeɪˈgi: aɪ ˈnoʊtɪst ju wər ˈkɪlɪŋ taɪm ˈwɑʧɪŋ raɪən ˈərliər. rr*: mmm*, wi du ləv ˈjuˈɛs səm raɪən. ˈeɪˈgi: waɪ? rr*: aɪ doʊnt noʊ. waɪ ɪz ə ˌmɑrgərˈitə dɪˈlɪʃəs? wət kən aɪ seɪ? ɪt ʤɪst ɛf------ ɪz, mæn. ˈeɪˈgi: tɛl mi ə bɪt əˈbaʊt jʊr roʊˈmæntɪk ˈhɪstəri. rr*: ˈɛni gaɪ ðət aɪv ˈɛvər ˈrɪli bɪn ˈɪntu, aɪ ˈnɛvər laɪkt ɪm æt fərst. aɪ groʊ ˈɪntu ˈlaɪkɪŋ ˈpipəl. ənd əm nɑt ˈɪntu gaɪz frəm əˈfɑr. ˈpipəl ər ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈæskɪŋ mi əˈbaʊt maɪ səˈlɛbrɪti krəʃ, ənd əm laɪk, aɪ doʊnt noʊ. aɪ kən seɪ ˈpipəl ər kjut. bræd pɪt ɪz ə ˈskəlpʧər əv ə mæn, bət əm nɑt skˈwilɪŋ "oʊ maɪ gɑd!" bɪˈkəz aɪ doʊnt noʊ ɪm. aɪ hæv tɪ noʊ ˈsəmˌbɑdi tɪ hæv ə krəʃ ɔn ɪm. ˈeɪˈgi: wət əˈbaʊt ˈəðər riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps? wət kaɪnd əv frɛnd ər ju? rr*: aɪ doʊnt noʊ. [ʃi tərnz tɪ hər bɛst frɛnd, ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈnɪrˈbaɪ.] ʧaɪm ɪn, mərˈinə. wət kaɪnd əv frɛnd æm aɪ? mərˈinə shafir*: ˈvɛri lɔɪəl. rr*: fərˈoʊʃɪsli lɔɪəl, ˈɔlˌmoʊst tɪ ə fɔlt. du aɪ hæv ˈmeɪˌkəp ɔl ˈoʊvər maɪ feɪs? mɪz: noʊ. ˈeɪˈgi: ər ju ə ˈbərθˌdeɪ rememberer*? rr*: noʊ. tɪ bi ˈɑnəst, aɪ doʊnt noʊ səm əv maɪ ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz' ˈbərθˌdeɪz. mɪz: ðə ˈoʊnli ˈrizən ʃi noʊz maɪ ˈbərθˌdeɪ ɪz bɪˈkəz ɪts hər ˈləki ˈnəmbər. ˈeɪˈgi: wəts jʊr ˈləki ˈnəmbər? rr*: ˌfɔrˈtin. ˈeɪˈgi: haʊ dɪd ju gaɪz mit? rr*: ˈʤuˌdoʊ. mɪz: ju ˈdɪdənt laɪk mi. rr*: aɪ laɪkt ju. mɪz: noʊ, ju ˈdɪdənt. aɪ ˈkɑmpləˌmɛntɪd ju ɔn jʊr spənʤ bɑb ˈleɪsɪz, ɔn ɔl sɔrts əv θɪŋz. ˈɛvəri taɪm aɪ traɪd tɪ spik wɪθ ju, ju wər ə bi----. rr*: aɪ ʤɪst hæd ə bi----- dɪˈminər. ˈlɪsən, ðə fərst taɪm ʃi traɪd tɪ tɔk tɪ mi, aɪ wɑz ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ maɪ mˈjuzɪk, ənd əm ˈrɪli ˈɪntu maɪ mˈjuzɪk. ənd ʃi tæps mi ənd sɪz, "ðæts reɪʤ əˈgɛnst ðə məˈʃin." ənd əm laɪk, "ju meɪd mi stɑp ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ reɪʤ əˈgɛnst ðə məˈʃin soʊ ju kʊd tɛl mi ðət aɪ wɑz ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ reɪʤ əˈgɛnst ðə məˈʃin?" mɪz: səʧ ə bi----. ʤɑʃ ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈraʊsi hæd ən ˈɪmɪʤ ɪˈpɪfəni æt eɪʤ 22 ˈeɪˈgi: haʊ oʊld wər ju? haʊ ˈmɛni jɪrz əˈgoʊ? rr*: wi wər boʊθ 13 ˈeɪˈgi: haʊ dɪd ju gɪt pæst ðət ˈrɑki bɪˈgɪnɪŋ? rr*: ɪt wɑz æt ə ˈʤuˌdoʊ ˈtʊrnəmənt. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi lɛft tɪ goʊ it ˈæftər wi ɔl meɪd weɪt, ənd aɪ doʊnt noʊ waɪ, wi wər ɔn ə ˈʃʊgər haɪ ənd aɪ wɑz laɪk, "heɪ mərˈinə, ju wɔnt tɪ si ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪv ˈnɛvər ʃoʊn ˈɛnibədi ˌbiˈfɔr?" ənd aɪ fər hər, ˌbiˈfɔr wɑz ə θɪŋ. weɪ bæk ɪn 2005 mɪz: wiv bɪn laɪk ˈsɪstərz ˈɛvər sɪns. ˈeɪˈgi: ɪz jʊr ˈfrɛndʃɪp ðə kaɪnd ðət ju gɪv ədˈvaɪs tɪ iʧ ˈəðər? mɪz: ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt bɔɪz. wɪr laɪk, "noʊ, noʊ, noʊ! hi ʃʊd nɑt bi duɪŋ ðət tɪ ju. noʊ, noʊ, noʊ!" rr*: "girrrl*, ju kən du ə hoʊl lɔt ˈbɛtər ðən ðət!" aɪv ˈdɛfənətli hæd wərs ˈbɔɪˌfrɛndz ðən hər. ˈeɪˈgi: du ju hæv bæd teɪst ɪn mɛn? rr*: wɛl, əm ˈsɪŋgəl, soʊ ˈeɪˈgi: wʊd ju ˈrəðər deɪt ə bɔld gaɪ ər ə ʃɔrt gaɪ? rr*: aɪ wʊd ˈrəðər deɪt bɔld ənd tɔl. ɪts haʊ aɪ wɑz reɪzd, tɪ hæv ə pleɪs ənd ə ˈpərpəs ənd noʊ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈhæpənz fər ə ˈrizən. aɪ hæv feɪθ ðət ˈivɪn mɪst ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ər ə ˈblɛsɪŋ ɪn dɪsˈgaɪz, ənd ðə ˈvɛri wərst θɪŋz ðət hæv ˈhæpənd ɪn maɪ laɪf hæv rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ðə bɛst θɪŋz ðət hæv ˈɛvər ˈhæpənd ɪn maɪ laɪf. ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi, ɔn feɪθ ˈeɪˈgi: wət ˈmuvi hæv ju wɔʧt mɔr ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈmuvi? rr*: aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ə taɪ bɪtˈwin "faɪt kləb," "ðə fɪθ ˈɛləmənt," "pəlp ˈfɪkʃən" ənd "wɪn ˈhɛri mɛt ˈsæli." ˈeɪˈgi: wəts ðə wərst ədˈvaɪs juv ˈɛvər bɪn ˈgɪvɪn? rr*: doʊnt du? [læfs.] θæŋks, mɑm! ˈeɪˈgi: haʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪz feɪθ ɪn jʊr laɪf? rr*: ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl gʊd θɪŋ ɪn maɪ laɪf ˈhæpənd bɪˈkəz aɪ hæd feɪθ ðət ðɛr wɑz ˈgʊdnɪs ˈkəmɪŋ fər mi. ɪts haʊ aɪ wɑz reɪzd, tɪ hæv ə pleɪs ənd ə ˈpərpəs ənd noʊ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈhæpənz fər ə ˈrizən. aɪ hæv feɪθ ðət ˈivɪn mɪst ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ər ə ˈblɛsɪŋ ɪn dɪsˈgaɪz, ənd ðə ˈvɛri wərst θɪŋz ðət hæv ˈhæpənd ɪn maɪ laɪf hæv rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ðə bɛst θɪŋz ðət hæv ˈɛvər ˈhæpənd ɪn maɪ laɪf. ˈeɪˈgi: dɪz ˈneɪʧər pleɪ ə pɑrt ɪn jʊr ˈaʊˌtlʊk? rr*: jɛs. əm ə bɪg ˈsəðərn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə biʧ gərl. ˈeɪˈgi: wət ɪz ɪt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈoʊʃən ðət spiks tɪ ju? rr*: biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ fil smɔl. ˈeɪˈgi: haʊ du ju ˌɪˈmæʤən jʊr oʊld eɪʤ? rr*: aɪ ˈnɛvər wɔnt tɪ pʊt ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈbɑdi ˈɪntu ðə graʊnd, soʊ əm goʊɪŋ tɪ wɛr maɪ ˈbɑdi aʊt. wət du aɪ nid tu ˈpərˌfɪkt niz æt eɪʤ 60 fər? aɪ ˈpɪkʧər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɛz wən əv ðoʊz ˈfloʊtɪŋ hɛdz ɪn ə tæŋk laɪk ɪn "futurama*" bɪˈkəz maɪ ˈbɑdi kwɪt. ˈeɪˈgi: ər ju ən ˈɔrgən ˈdoʊnər? rr*: jɛs. ˈeɪˈgi: wət ˈvərʧu du ju θɪŋk ɪz ˌoʊvərˈreɪtɪd? rr*: məˈʧʊrəti. məˈʧʊrəti ɪz ˈgreɪtli ˌoʊvərˈreɪtɪd. ðæts wən əv maɪ mɑmz ˈfeɪvərɪt laɪnz. ˈeɪˈgi: wɪn dɪd ʃi stɑrt ˈtɛlɪŋ ju ðət? rr*: ɛz ə kɪd, soʊ aɪ ˈwʊdənt teɪk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf tu ˈsɪriəsli. wət ɪz ðət ˈdɑktər. sus kwoʊt? "bi hu ju ər ənd seɪ wət ju fil, bɪˈkəz ðoʊz hu maɪnd doʊnt ˈmætər, ənd ðoʊz hu ˈmætər doʊnt maɪnd." aɪ θɪŋk ðæts wət ʃi ˈwɔntɪd mi tɪ teɪk əˈweɪ frəm ðət. ɛd ˌməˈlhɑlənd fər dɪd wi ˈmɛnʃən hər læst faɪt ˈlæstɪd 14 ˈsɛkəndz? ˈeɪˈgi: ənd dɪd ju? rr*: ɛz aɪ gɑt ˈoʊldər aɪ ˈlərnɪd tɪ bi ˈkəmfərtəbəl ɪˈnəf tɪ ækt laɪk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ɪt tʊk əˈwaɪl tɪ geɪn ðə ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈsɛtɪŋ. aɪ wɑz ɪkˈstrimli ˈɪntroʊˌvərtɪd ənd ʃaɪ groʊɪŋ əp. ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ər səˈpraɪzd tɪ hir ðət sɪns əm soʊ ˈoʊvər ðə tɔp naʊ. ˈeɪˈgi: wər ju ðə kaɪnd əv kɪd ðət wʊd sɪt bæk ənd əbˈzərv? rr*: aɪ ˈdɪdənt tɔk koʊˈhirəntli ənˈtɪl wɑz 6 soʊ aɪ wɑz fɔrst tɪ bi ən əbˈzərvər. nɑt ˈhævɪŋ ðət ˈmɛni wərdz, aɪ ˈlərnɪd ə lɔt əv ˈpeɪʃəns. ˈeɪˈgi: haʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪz ˈpeɪʃəns ɪn jʊr kərɪr? aɪ wʊd ˌɪˈmæʤən ɪts ˈprɪti ˈkrɪtɪkəl. rr*: wən əv maɪ ˈprɑbləmz ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɪz aɪ æm ˈsəmˌtaɪmz tu ˌɪmˈpeɪʃənt, ənd ðæts ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪv hæd tɪ ˈrɪli treɪn. wən deɪ maɪ koʊʧ meɪd mi hɪt ðə bæg fər 30 raʊnz soʊ ðət aɪ wʊd lərn ˈpeɪʃəns. ˈeɪˈgi: wət ɪz jʊr aɪˈdiə əv pərˈfɛkʃən? rr*: aɪ laɪk ˈhævɪŋ ə deɪ wɛr aɪ kən ˈbæləns ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. maɪ aɪˈdiə əv ˈpɛrəˌdaɪs ɪz tɪ weɪk əp ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ, hæv ˈkɔfi, goʊ ˈsərfɪŋ ər skimboarding*, gɪt ɪn ðə ˈoʊʃən ˈsəmˌhaʊ. ðɛn it ˈbrɛkfəst ənd goʊ treɪn, kəm hoʊm, ʧɪl wɪθ maɪ dɔg ənd maɪ frɛndz ənd ə bɪg pleɪt əv ˈbəfəˌloʊ wɪŋz ənd səm sɔrt əv dɪˈzərt ə lɑ moʊd. ɪts gɑt tɪ bi hɑt ənd koʊld. aɪ nid tu ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ɪn maɪ dɪˈzərt. ˈeɪˈgi: du ju θɪŋk ɪts ə gʊd taɪm ər ə təf taɪm tɪ bi ə ˈwʊmən ɪn ðɪs ˈkəlʧər? rr*: aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ðə bɛst taɪm jɛt, bɪˈkəz ɪts ˈɔlˌweɪz ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ. ˈeɪˈgi: haʊ du ju fil əˈbaʊt haʊ ˈwɪmən ər ˈtritɪd ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə? əm ən oʊˈvɛˌriən ˈgoʊldˌmaɪn. aɪ kænt weɪst ðiz ʤinz. ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi, ɔn ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ hæv kɪdz rr*: ɪt kən bi ˈkripi ənd wɪrd. ˈpərsənəli, aɪ ˈwəzənt əˈlaʊd tɪ hæv ə ˈsɛlfoʊn ənˈtɪl aɪ wɑz 16 aɪ θɪŋk ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈsɛlfoʊn bɪˈkəmz ə ˈsoʊʃəl krəʧ, əˈspɛʃəli ˈdʊrɪŋ ðoʊz ənˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈpjubərti jɪrz. ɪf aɪ hæd ə kɪd, aɪ wʊd traɪ tɪ kip ðɛm aʊt əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ənˈtɪl ðeɪ wər æt list ɪn ðɛr tinz. ˈeɪˈgi: du ju wɔnt tɪ hæv kɪdz səm deɪ? rr*: ˈdɛfənətli. əm ən oʊˈvɛˌriən ˈgoʊldˌmaɪn. aɪ kænt weɪst ðiz ʤinz. ˈeɪˈgi: wʊd ju ˈrəðər luz ən ɑrm ər ə lɛg? rr*: ɑrm. ˈeɪˈgi: wʊd ju ˈrəðər bi ˈstrɔŋgər ðən ju ər naʊ ər sˈmɑrtər ðən ju ər naʊ? rr*: sˈmɑrtər. əm strɔŋ ɪˈnəf. ˈeɪˈgi: hu du ju wɔnt moʊst tɪ meɪk praʊd? rr*: maɪ ˈməðər. ʃi lɪvz ɔn ðə ˈbɔrdər əv ˈsænə ˈmɑnɪkə ənd ˈvɛnɪs. maɪ ˈsɪstər ənd ðɛr ˈfæməli lɪv ˈnɪrˈbaɪ, tu. wi hæv ðə moʊst ˌɛnərˈteɪnɪŋ ˈfæməli ˈdɪnərz. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈtɑpɪk ɔf ðə ˈteɪbəl, ənd noʊ wən ˈɛvər gɪts əˈfɛndɪd. ɪts ə wɪt ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ˈɛvəri taɪm. ˈeɪˈgi: ɪz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən fər ju? rr*: jɛs. ˈnoʊtɪs ðət aɪ ˈfɪnɪʃt maɪ drɪŋk fərst. nɑt ən ˈæksədənt. wərs ɪz, ɪf aɪ fil laɪk əm ɪn ə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ðət əm nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ wɪn, əm nɑt pleɪɪŋ. ɪf ˈpipəl wɔnt tɪ pleɪ məˈnɑpəli ənd aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk əm ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈvɪktəri, əm laɪk, "ɛf--- ɪt." əm ˈiðər ɪn ɪt tɪ wɪn ər əm nɑt ɪn ɪt æt ɔl. ˈeɪˈgi: wəts ðə ˈbɪgəst laɪ juv ˈɛvər toʊld ˈjɔrsɛlf? rr*: ðət aɪ wʊd bi ˈhæpi fər ðə rɛst əv maɪ laɪf. aɪ ˈrɪli traɪd tɪ kənˈvɪns ˌmaɪˈsɛlf əv ðət. ðət ɪt wʊd bi greɪt fər mi. bət ɪt ʤɪst ˈwəzənt. aɪ wɑz mɛnt fər ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls. ənd naʊ aɪ si waɪ aɪ fɛlt ðət weɪ. ˌeɪˈpi ʤeɪ. ˈtɛrəl ˈraʊsi, nɑt wən fər tim spɔrts, ɪz ə bɪg fæn əv səˈrinə ˈwɪljəmz. ˈeɪˈgi: dɪd ju ˈɛvər hæv ˈbɑdi ˈɪmɪʤ ˈɪʃuz? rr*: juʤ ˈbɑdi ˈɪmɪʤ ˈɪʃuz groʊɪŋ əp. bɪg taɪm! aɪ ˌæbsəˈlutli loʊðd haʊ aɪ lʊkt ənˈtɪl aɪ wɑz əraʊnd 22 jɪrz oʊld. ˈeɪˈgi: wət ˈhæpənd æt 22 ðət ʧeɪnʤd ðət trəˈʤɛktəri? rr*: aɪ stɑpt ˈkɛrɪŋ. aɪ stɑpt ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə skeɪl. ˈæftər ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪks aɪ ˈdɪdənt weɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. aɪ eɪt ɛz məʧ ɛz aɪ ˈwɔntɪd ɔl ðə taɪm. ðə ˈfilɪŋ əv ˈhævɪŋ maɪ ˈbɛli fʊl wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ wɑz kəmˈpɛld tɪ du, ənd wəns aɪ gɑt ðət aʊt əv maɪ ˈsɪstəm, aɪ fɛlt laɪk aɪ wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ breɪk maɪ ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl dɪˈpɛndənsi ɔn fud. ˈeɪˈgi: fud wɪθ ˈfilɪŋz ɪz ə ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ˈstrəgəl fər ˈmɛni ˈwɪmən. ɪf ðə bɛst θɪŋ əˈbaʊt jʊr deɪ ɪz wət ju it, ðɛrz ˈsəmθɪŋ rɔŋ wɪθ jʊr ɛf------ deɪ. ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi, ɔn ˈbɑdi ˈɪmɪʤ rr*: ˈlɪsən, ðɛrz ˈnəθɪŋ rɔŋ wɪθ jʊr ˈdɪsəplən ər ju ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ju eɪt ˌwəˈtɛvər. bət ɪf ðə bɛst θɪŋ əˈbaʊt jʊr deɪ ɪz wət ju it, ðɛrz ˈsəmθɪŋ rɔŋ wɪθ jʊr ɛf------ deɪ. wət ʧeɪnʤd fər mi ɪz aɪ wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ meɪk maɪ ˈbɑdi lʊk ə ˈsərtən weɪ soʊ aɪ wʊd bi ˈhæpi. bət wɪn aɪ meɪd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈhæpi fərst, ðɛn ðə ˈbɑdi keɪm ˈæftər. ɪt wɑz ə ˈʤərni əv ənd traɪəl ənd ˈɛrər. ˈeɪˈgi: wɪn ju seɪ ju ˈwɔntɪd jʊr ˈbɑdi tɪ lʊk "ə ˈsərtən weɪ," wət wɑz ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ɪn jʊr hɛd? rr*: ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ɪn maɪ hɛd wɑz ðə ˈmæksəm ˈkəvər gərl. ɪn ðə ɛnd, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ maɪ ˈbɑdi rɪˈzɛmbəl wən əv ðoʊz ʧɪks, aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ traɪ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə aɪˈdiə əv wət ə ˈmæksəm ʧɪk kʊd lʊk laɪk. ˈeɪˈgi: ənd ðɛn, ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2013 ju wər ɔn ðə ˈkəvər. rr*: aɪ ˈwəzənt kənˈvɛnʃənəl, bət əˈpɛrəntli, aɪ wɑz əkˈsɛptəbəl. [læfs.] ˈeɪˈgi: du ju hæv ə ˈsaʊnˌtræk fər jʊr laɪf? rr*: raɪt naʊ, maɪ sɔŋ ɪz "bæd ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən" baɪ ʤoʊn ʤɛt ənd ðə blackhearts*. ðæts maɪ sɔŋ. wɪn aɪ wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə 2004 oʊˈlɪmpɪks aɪ wɑz ˈkɑnstəntli pleɪɪŋ tɪ "ˈweɪtɪŋ" baɪ grin deɪ. aɪ wɑz 17 ənd aɪ wɑz ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ðət sɔŋ ənd ˈpɪkʧərɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf səˈpraɪzɪŋ ˈɛvriˌwən baɪ ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə goʊld. ˈdɪdənt pæn aʊt ðət weɪ. ðə sɔŋ ɔn maɪ ˈaɪˌpɔd ɪz "ˈstreɪnʤərz ɪn ðə naɪt," ə ˈkəvər baɪ keɪk. ˈeɪˈgi: ˈrɪli? rr*: jæ. ɪts ə gʊd ˈdraɪvɪŋ sɔŋ. noʊ wən wʊd θɪŋk ðət wʊd bi maɪ sɔŋ. ˈeɪˈgi: ɪts ˈprɪti ˈiˌmoʊ. dɪz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ skɛr ju ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv jʊr kərɪr? ˈspaɪdərz? haɪts? rr*: maɪ ˈoʊnli fɪr ɪz ˈfeɪljər. aɪ laɪk ˈspaɪdərz. aɪ juzd tɪ kəˈlɛkt bəgz wɪn aɪ wɑz ə kɪd. aɪ ləv haɪts. aɪv bɪn ˈbənʤi ˈʤəmpɪŋ ə bənʧ əv taɪmz. aɪ wʊd ləv tɪ goʊ ˈpɛrəˌʃutɪŋ. əm kul wɪθ sneɪks. aɪ kən hʊk ə ˈrætəlsˌneɪk. aɪv dən ɪt ˌbiˈfɔr. ˈeɪˈgi: wət meɪks ju fil aʊt əv kənˈtroʊl? rr*: ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ tu məʧ, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ aɪ ˈbɛrli du ɪt naʊ. ɪts laɪk ə ɪˈvɛnt, ənd aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈgrɛt ɪt. aɪl stɑrt tɪ fil laɪk, "ahhhh*, lɛts goʊ ˈdænsɪŋ təˈnaɪt, jɛs, wu!" aɪl du ðə wu," ənd ɪts nɑt gʊd. ˈælkəˌhɑl ɪz bæd, kɪdz. stɑp æt bəzd. "stɑp æt bəzd" ɪz maɪ ˈmæntrə. ˈeɪˈgi: wət əˈbaʊt ˈfilɪŋz? du jʊr ˈfilɪŋz ˈɛvər meɪk ju fil aʊt əv kənˈtroʊl? rr*: nɑt aʊt əv kənˈtroʊl, bət aɪ woʊnt seɪ əm ə kənˈtroʊl frik, ˈiðər. əm ən ɪkˈstrimli ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈpərsən ənd kaɪnd əv ˌɪmˈpəlsɪv. əm ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd ɪn ˈbɪznɪs, ˌɪmˈpəlsɪv ɪn maɪ laɪf. ˈælɪsən ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi, wɪθ ðə "ˈrɪli gʊd hæt hɛd," saɪnz ˈfoʊˌtoʊz fər fænz æt saʊθ baɪ ˌsaʊθˈwɛst. ˈeɪˈgi: wət spɔrts du ju wɔʧ? rr*: ˈbɑksɪŋ, ənd ˈtɛnɪs. aɪ laɪk ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl spɔrts ðə moʊst. aɪ fil laɪk tim spɔrts dɪˈlut ˈprɛʃər, ənd aɪ doʊnt ˈrɪli ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ˈɛvriˌwən laɪks ðɛm soʊ məʧ. ˈeɪˈgi: wət ˈəðər ˈwɪmən du ju ædˈmaɪr? rr*: səˈrinə ˈwɪljəmz, ənd, əv kɔrs, maɪ ˈməðər. bət aɪ ləv ˈwɑʧɪŋ səˈrinə. aɪ θɪŋk ʃiz ˈɔsəm. ˈeɪˈgi: du ju pleɪ ˈtɛnɪs? rr*: əm ˈrɪli bæd wɪθ bɔl spɔrts. aɪ hæv bɪn hɪt ɪn ðə feɪs wɪθ ˈɛvəri taɪp əv bɔl. ˈeɪˈgi: ər ju ʃʊr ju wɔnt tɪ seɪ ðət? rr*: [læfs.] əm ˈsɪriəs. ˈbæskətˌbɔl, ˈfʊtˌbɔl, ˈsɔfˌbɔl, ˈbeɪsˈbɔl, foosball*, ˈpɪnˌbɔl, ˈpɪŋˌpɔŋ bɔl, ˈrəgbi bɔl, ˈkrɪkɪt bɔl. ðeɪ hæv ɔl hɪt mi ɪn ðə feɪs. ˈeɪˈgi: waɪ? rr*: aɪ hæv ˈtaɪni hænz. aɪ kænt kæʧ θɪŋz. aɪ hæv ðə sˈmɔləst hænz ɪn ðə. maɪ hænz ər sˈmɔlər ðən gərlz'. aɪ hæv ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ʧɪn ənd ðə moʊst ˈtaɪni, ˈfræʤəl hænz. ˈeɪˈgi: ðə ˈʧæmpiən əv ðə wərld həz ɛlf hænz? rr*: [hoʊldz əp hər pɑmz, ˈrɪŋkəlz hər noʊz.] hænz. aɪ wɑz ə ˈməskjələr gərl. aɪ ˈnɛvər wɔr meɪk əp ə ˈsɪŋgəl deɪ. aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz hæd maɪ hɛr əp, drɛst ɪn ˈbægi kloʊðz bɪˈkəz aɪ wɑz ɪmˈbɛrəst əˈbaʊt haʊ maɪ ˈbɑdi lʊkt. ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi, ɔn haɪ skul ˈeɪˈgi: haʊ wɑz haɪ skul fər ju? rr*: aɪ drɑpt aʊt ˈsɑfˌmɔr jɪr. ɪt wɑz nɑt kul fər mi. aɪ wɑz fɑr frəm ˈpɑpjələr. aɪ gɑt tizd ə lɔt. ˈeɪˈgi: tizd fər wət? rr*: aɪ wɑz ə ˈməskjələr gərl. aɪ ˈnɛvər wɔr ˈmeɪˌkəp ə ˈsɪŋgəl deɪ. aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz hæd maɪ hɛr əp, drɛst ɪn ˈbægi kloʊðz bɪˈkəz aɪ wɑz ɪmˈbɛrəst əˈbaʊt haʊ maɪ ˈbɑdi lʊkt. aɪ wɑz ʃaɪ. ˈhævɪŋ ˈkɑləˌflaʊər ɪrz ənd ər əˈnəðər ʃʊr weɪ tɪ gɪt tizd. ˈeɪˈgi: soʊ ju sɛd ˌgʊdˈbaɪ tɪ ɔl ðət ənd pərˈsud æθˈlɛtɪks? rr*: aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ goʊ tɪ ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪks ˌɪnˈstɛd. ˈeɪˈgi: du ju bɪˈliv ɪn ˈdɛstəni? rr*: ˈdɛfənətli. ˈeɪˈgi: wɪn ju lʊk ɪn ðə ˈmɪrər, wət du ju si? rr*: ɪt dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə deɪ. ˈjuʒəwəli, aɪ lʊk ɪn ðə ˈmɪrər ənd æsk, "wət hæv ju ˈgɔtən ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈɪntu naʊ?" aɪ wɪl ˈlɪtərəli æsk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ðət kˈwɛʃən. raɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ə faɪt, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. ər aɪl bi ɔn ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ʃut, tænd əp ɪn ə sˈwɪmˌsut. ər seɪ əm ɪn ə ˈtreɪlər ɔn ə ˈmuvi sɛt ənd əm ɪn ˈkɑstum. ər ə wik ˈæftər ə faɪt, wɪn aɪv geɪnd ə fju paʊnz ənd kænt si ðə boʊnz ɪn maɪ fit ˌɛniˈmɔr. ðɛn, ɛz aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz du, aɪ wɪl stɛr æt ðə rɪˈflɛkʃən əv maɪ feɪs ənd æsk, "wət hæv ju ˈgɔtən ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈɪntu naʊ?" ˈeɪˈgi: ənd wəts jʊr ˈænsər? rr*: aɪ ʤɪst ʃrəg ənd seɪ, "aɪ doʊnt noʊ, bət jʊr hir, soʊ ju ˈbɛtər ɛf------ dil wɪθ ɪt, gərl."

bitcoin’s momentum among key merchants and platforms on the web keeps accelerating. after hinting at it a few weeks ago when braintree enabled transactions for developers, the company is now enabling across the network for merchants of digital goods. the company has expressed interest in for a while, with ebay ceo john donahoe saying in the past that it would play an “important role” in the future. now that large players from overstock to wikipedia are now relying on the for a part of their transactions or donations, is stepping in. through partnerships with bitpay, and, will let its merchants accept for digital goods transactions. they decided to go with a handful of launch partners instead of a single one, as’s braintree did with earlier this month. to be clear, this about adding to’s digital wallet and only in north america for the moment. these are baby steps for now. “this is a huge endorsement to the digital currency community,” said ceo steve beauregard. paypal will earn transaction revenue through referral fees, which are pretty common throughout the payments world. “paypal is playing the role of the intermediary, but the cost will be left up to the merchant and the payment processor,” said scott ellison, who is’s senior director of competitive intelligence and corporate strategy. a few weeks ago at disrupt, braintree ceo bill ready said that it was adding as a payment to its sdk.

bitcoin’s* moʊˈmɛntəm əˈməŋ ki ˈmərʧənts ənd ˈplætˌfɔrmz ɔn ðə wɛb kips ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ. ˈæftər ˈhɪntɪŋ æt ɪt ə fju wiks əˈgoʊ wɪn ˈbreɪnˌtri ɪˈneɪbəld trænˈzækʃənz fər dɪˈvɛləpərz, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz naʊ ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk fər ˈmərʧənts əv ˈdɪʤɪtəl gʊdz. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz ɪkˈsprɛst ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn fər ə waɪl, wɪθ ˈiˌbeɪ ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ʤɑn ˈdɑnəˌhoʊ seɪɪŋ ɪn ðə pæst ðət ɪt wʊd pleɪ ən role”*” ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. naʊ ðət lɑrʤ pleɪərz frəm ˈoʊvərˈstɑk tɪ ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə ər naʊ riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ðə fər ə pɑrt əv ðɛr trænˈzækʃənz ər doʊˈneɪʃənz, ɪz ˈstɛpɪŋ ɪn. θru ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪps wɪθ bitpay*, ənd, wɪl lɛt ɪts ˈmərʧənts əkˈsɛpt fər ˈdɪʤɪtəl gʊdz trænˈzækʃənz. ðeɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ goʊ wɪθ ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv lɔnʧ ˈpɑrtnərz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ə ˈsɪŋgəl wən, ɛz ˈbreɪnˌtri dɪd wɪθ ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ. tɪ bi klɪr, ðɪs əˈbaʊt ˈædɪŋ tɪ ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈwɔlət ənd ˈoʊnli ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə fər ðə ˈmoʊmənt. ðiz ər ˈbeɪbi stɛps fər naʊ. ɪz ə juʤ ɛnˈdɔrsmənt tɪ ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkərənsi community,”*,” sɛd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ stiv ˈbɔrɪˌgɑrd. wɪl ərn trænˈzækʃən ˈrɛvəˌnu θru rɪˈfərəl fiz, wɪʧ ər ˈprɪti ˈkɑmən θruaʊt ðə ˈpeɪmənts wərld. ɪz pleɪɪŋ ðə roʊl əv ðə ˌɪnərˈmidiɛri, bət ðə kɔst wɪl bi lɛft əp tɪ ðə ˈmərʧənt ənd ðə ˈpeɪmənt processor,”*,” sɛd skɑt ˈɛlɪsən, hu ɪz ˈsinjər dɪˈrɛktər əv kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ənd ˈkɔrpərət ˈstrætəʤi. ə fju wiks əˈgoʊ æt dɪsˈrəpt, ˈbreɪnˌtri ˈsiˌiˈoʊ bɪl ˈrɛdi sɛd ðət ɪt wɑz ˈædɪŋ ɛz ə ˈpeɪmənt tɪ ɪts sdk*.

an man is seriously hurt in a possible fireworks explosion in central park. authorities say it happened shortly before 11 a.m. sunday, inside the park near street and avenue. at a press conference held by the bomb squad at the park sunday night, authorities said the victim and two friends who were with him were not responsible for the explosion. police say the man's foot was severed above the ankle in what they believe was a fireworks accident, but the exact cause is still being investigated. "the explosion could have been an experiment with fireworks or homemade explosives," said chief john o'connell. "we do not have any evidence of a constructed device or commercial grade fireworks. we believe this could have been put here as some sort of experiment. "it should also be noted, the victim and his two friends, we do not consider them to be part of the construction of this object," o'connell added. one man who was close by when it happened described the scene. "everyone in the park, or this end of the park, heard a loud boom," the man said. "it was a loud report. clearly not a car backfiring, more than a firework. then heard some young men yelling, went over there on the rocks, and their friend was lying down whose foot was severely injured. and they claim he stepped on something." lieutenant mark torre, commanding officer of the bomb squad, suggested that the device was made by someone with knowledge of chemistry, but said the result of the explosion seems to have been accidental rather than deliberate. "there is some evidence that indicates that it was not meant to go off by somebody stepping on it," torre said. "it may have not gone off at an earlier time and was just left there." authorities say the victim was taken to the hospital. no one else was hurt. the bomb squad was still on the scene conducting its investigation as of 6 p.m. sunday. stay with time warner cable news and for more on this developing story.

ən mæn ɪz ˈsɪriəsli hərt ɪn ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈfaɪrˌwərks ɪkˈsploʊʒən ɪn ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk. əˈθɔrətiz seɪ ɪt ˈhæpənd ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr 11 a.m*. ˈsənˌdi, ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə pɑrk nɪr strit ənd ˈævəˌnu. æt ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns hɛld baɪ ðə bɔm skwɑd æt ðə pɑrk ˈsənˌdi naɪt, əˈθɔrətiz sɛd ðə ˈvɪktɪm ənd tu frɛndz hu wər wɪθ ɪm wər nɑt riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən. pəˈlis seɪ ðə mænz fʊt wɑz ˈsɛvərd əˈbəv ðə ˈæŋkəl ɪn wət ðeɪ bɪˈliv wɑz ə ˈfaɪrˌwərks ˈæksədənt, bət ðə ɪgˈzækt kɔz ɪz stɪl biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd. "ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən kʊd hæv bɪn ən ɪkˈspɛrəmənt wɪθ ˈfaɪrˌwərks ər ˈhoʊˈmeɪd ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz," sɛd ʧif ʤɑn oʊˈkɑnəl. "wi du nɑt hæv ˈɛni ˈɛvədəns əv ə kənˈstrəktɪd dɪˈvaɪs ər kəˈmərʃəl greɪd ˈfaɪrˌwərks. wi bɪˈliv ðɪs kʊd hæv bɪn pʊt hir ɛz səm sɔrt əv ɪkˈspɛrəmənt. "ɪt ʃʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈnoʊtɪd, ðə ˈvɪktɪm ənd hɪz tu frɛndz, wi du nɑt kənˈsɪdər ðɛm tɪ bi pɑrt əv ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt," oʊˈkɑnəl ˈædɪd. wən mæn hu wɑz kloʊz baɪ wɪn ɪt ˈhæpənd dɪˈskraɪbd ðə sin. "ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə pɑrk, ər ðɪs ɛnd əv ðə pɑrk, hərd ə laʊd bum," ðə mæn sɛd. "ɪt wɑz ə laʊd rɪˈpɔrt. ˈklɪrli nɑt ə kɑr ˈbækˌfaɪərɪŋ, mɔr ðən ə ˈfaɪrˌwərk. ðɛn hərd səm jəŋ mɛn ˈjɛlɪŋ, wɛnt ˈoʊvər ðɛr ɔn ðə rɑks, ənd ðɛr frɛnd wɑz laɪɪŋ daʊn huz fʊt wɑz səˈvɪrli ˈɪnʤərd. ənd ðeɪ kleɪm hi stɛpt ɔn ˈsəmθɪŋ." luˈtɛnənt mɑrk tɔr, kəˈmændɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər əv ðə bɔm skwɑd, səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə dɪˈvaɪs wɑz meɪd baɪ ˈsəmˌwən wɪθ ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ˈkɛmɪstri, bət sɛd ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən simz tɪ hæv bɪn ˌæksəˈdɛnəl ˈrəðər ðən dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt. "ðɛr ɪz səm ˈɛvədəns ðət ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət ɪt wɑz nɑt mɛnt tɪ goʊ ɔf baɪ ˈsəmˌbɑdi ˈstɛpɪŋ ɔn ɪt," tɔr sɛd. "ɪt meɪ hæv nɑt gɔn ɔf æt ən ˈərliər taɪm ənd wɑz ʤɪst lɛft ðɛr." əˈθɔrətiz seɪ ðə ˈvɪktɪm wɑz ˈteɪkən tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. noʊ wən ɛls wɑz hərt. ðə bɔm skwɑd wɑz stɪl ɔn ðə sin kənˈdəktɪŋ ɪts ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ɛz əv 6 p.m*. ˈsənˌdi. steɪ wɪθ taɪm ˈwɔrnər ˈkeɪbəl nuz ənd fər mɔr ɔn ðɪs dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈstɔri.

image copyright austin police department hollywood star shia has been arrested and charged with public drunkenness, police in texas say. police arrested the actor on friday night on sixth street in austin's entertainment district. the actor has had numerous brushes with the law throughout his career. witnesses said initially caused a disturbance on friday after being refused a drink at a bar, and later in front of police. officers are reported to have subdued him and put him in handcuffs before arresting him, the website reported. jail records quoted by the ap news agency say that he spent friday night in the travis county jail and has now been released. in september 2014, he pleaded guilty to a charge of disorderly conduct over his disruption of a broadway performance of cabaret. he was also arrested after a fight in a bar in los angeles in 2011, although he was later released without charge. image copyright image caption the actor has had numerous brushes with the law shortly before that arrest, a publicist for the actor said that he was receiving treatment for alcoholism. there have also been a series of instances where is said to have behaved erratically in public - on one occasion appearing on the red carpet with a paper bag on his head, on which was written: "i am not famous anymore." labeouf - who also writes screenplays - found fame at age 14 as the star of the disney series even stevens and has also starred in three transformers films. the star's movies include indiana jones and the kingdom of the crystal skull and wall street: money never sleeps.

ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈɔstən pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈhɑliˌwʊd stɑr ˈʃiə həz bɪn ərˈɛstɪd ənd ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈpəblɪk ˈdrəŋkənnəs, pəˈlis ɪn ˈtɛksəs seɪ. pəˈlis ərˈɛstɪd ðə ˈæktər ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt ɔn sɪksθ strit ɪn ˈɔstənz ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ˈdɪstrɪkt. ðə ˈæktər həz hæd ˈnumərəs ˈbrəʃɪz wɪθ ðə lɔ θruaʊt hɪz kərɪr. ˈwɪtnəsɪz sɛd ˌɪˈnɪʃəli kɔzd ə dɪˈstərbəns ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈæftər biɪŋ rɪfˈjuzd ə drɪŋk æt ə bɑr, ənd ˈleɪtər ɪn frənt əv pəˈlis. ˈɔfɪsərz ər ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ hæv səbˈdud ɪm ənd pʊt ɪm ɪn ˈhændˌkəfs ˌbiˈfɔr ərˈɛstɪŋ ɪm, ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˌriˈpɔrtəd. ʤeɪl ˈrɛkərdz kˈwoʊtɪd baɪ ðə ˌeɪˈpi nuz ˈeɪʤənsi seɪ ðət hi spɛnt ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt ɪn ðə ˈtrævɪs ˈkaʊnti ʤeɪl ənd həz naʊ bɪn riˈlist. ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2014 hi ˈplidɪd ˈgɪlti tɪ ə ʧɑrʤ əv dɪˈsɔrdərli ˈkɑndəkt ˈoʊvər hɪz dɪsˈrəpʃən əv ə ˈbrɔdˌweɪ pərˈfɔrməns əv ˌkæbərˈeɪ. hi wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ərˈɛstɪd ˈæftər ə faɪt ɪn ə bɑr ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ɪn 2011 ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi wɑz ˈleɪtər riˈlist wɪˈθaʊt ʧɑrʤ. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ðə ˈæktər həz hæd ˈnumərəs ˈbrəʃɪz wɪθ ðə lɔ ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr ðət ərˈɛst, ə ˈpəblɪsɪst fər ðə ˈæktər sɛd ðət hi wɑz rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈtritmənt fər ˈælkəˌhɔˌlɪzəm. ðɛr hæv ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈɪnstənsɪz wɛr ɪz sɛd tɪ hæv bɪˈheɪvd ɛˈrætɪkli ɪn ˈpəblɪk ɔn wən əˈkeɪʒən əˈpɪrɪŋ ɔn ðə rɛd ˈkɑrpət wɪθ ə ˈpeɪpər bæg ɔn hɪz hɛd, ɔn wɪʧ wɑz ˈrɪtən: "aɪ æm nɑt ˈfeɪməs ˌɛniˈmɔr." hu ˈɔlsoʊ raɪts ˈskrinˌpleɪz faʊnd feɪm æt eɪʤ 14 ɛz ðə stɑr əv ðə ˈdɪzni ˈsɪriz ˈivɪn ˈstivənz ənd həz ˈɔlsoʊ stɑrd ɪn θri trænsˈfɔrmərz fɪlmz. ðə stɑrz ˈmuviz ˌɪnˈklud ˌɪndiˈænə ʤoʊnz ənd ðə ˈkɪŋdəm əv ðə ˈkrɪstəl skəl ənd wɔl strit: ˈməni ˈnɛvər slips.

vrfocus catch up with justin ng from game, a singapore based company who have taken their student videogame previously known as lurking into virtual reality (vr). this is a stealth thriller. this narrative single player game uses sound to enable you to see but also allow enemies to hear you. has covered this extensively in this preview here. inspired by an animation of a young blind girl who taps around her to see they locked down the art style and decided to make a game. with two to five hours of gameplay the game will be available for the playstation, rift and vive. game is composed of fresh grad students who have a few more ideas in the pipeline which are both and non-vr. will keep you up to date of their endeavours. watch the video below to find out more.

vrfocus* kæʧ əp wɪθ ˈʤəstɪn ɪŋ frəm geɪm, ə ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr beɪst ˈkəmpəˌni hu hæv ˈteɪkən ðɛr ˈstudənt ˈvɪdioʊˌgeɪm ˈpriviəsli noʊn ɛz ˈlərkɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈvərʧuəl ˌriˈæləˌti (vr*). ðɪs ɪz ə stɛlθ θˈrɪlər. ðɪs ˈnɛrətɪv ˈsɪŋgəl pleɪər geɪm ˈjuzɪz saʊnd tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ju tɪ si bət ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊ ˈɛnəmiz tɪ hir ju. həz ˈkəvərd ðɪs ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli ɪn ðɪs ˈprivˌju hir. ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ən ˌænəˈmeɪʃən əv ə jəŋ blaɪnd gərl hu tæps əraʊnd hər tɪ si ðeɪ lɑkt daʊn ðə ɑrt staɪl ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ meɪk ə geɪm. wɪθ tu tɪ faɪv aʊərz əv ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ ðə geɪm wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl fər ðə ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən, rɪft ənd viv. geɪm ɪz kəmˈpoʊzd əv frɛʃ græd ˈstudənts hu hæv ə fju mɔr aɪˈdiəz ɪn ðə ˈpaɪˌplaɪn wɪʧ ər boʊθ ənd non-vr*. wɪl kip ju əp tɪ deɪt əv ðɛr endeavours*. wɔʧ ðə ˈvɪdioʊ bɪˈloʊ tɪ faɪnd aʊt mɔr.

museum hopping is a favourite vancouver past time during the rainy winter months but it necessarily cheap. admission to the top museums and galleries can run from $15 to $25 and up. except, that is, for one magical day of the year when you can visit five of the cultural attractions for $5. winter wander returns this jan. 23, transforming waterfront vanier park, home to a bumper crop of museums, into a moving cultural feast. located in kitsilano, at the edge of english bay, vanier park is a favourite with sun worshippers, dog walkers and kite flyers in the summer months. but tucked away in this idyllic setting are some of the largest museums and cultural attractions. in the space of a short walk, you can: learn about neon era at the museum of vancouver; explore the first ship to circumnavigate north america at the vancouver maritime museum; stare deep into the night sky at the planetarium inside the h.r. macmillan space centre; and browse through endless stockpiles of old photos at the city of vancouver archives. this winter wander takes place from 10 p.m. on saturday, jan. 23. apart from the bargain museum access, there will be live entertainment, plus plenty of street eat options from the top local food trucks. the $5 admission price gets you access to all five cultural attractions, and kids 5 and under are free. tickets are available at any of the participating venues. here are some more detail on each of the five offerings: museum of vancouver: exhibits show what the city was, is, and can be. permanent exhibitions tell the stories from the early to the late and are complemented by contemporary, groundbreaking feature exhibits. h.r. macmillan space centre: this non-profit community resource brings the wonders of space to earth. see real rocket engines and space suits or sit back and zip off to outer space inside the planetarium star theatre. vancouver maritime museum: explore exhibits on pirates, shipwrecks, lighthouses and more in this museum. the highlight is the restored arctic schooner st. roch, which in 1944 made a voyage through the treacherous northwest passage. city of vancouver archives: step into the official archives, where records documenting the public and private history are preserved. browse through more than 1 million old photographs or pore over maps, architectural plans, news clippings and heritage artwork.

mˈjuziəm ˈhɑpɪŋ ɪz ə ˈfeɪvərɪt vænˈkuvər pæst taɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈreɪni ˈwɪntər mənθs bət ɪt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ʧip. ədˈmɪʃən tɪ ðə tɔp mˈjuziəmz ənd ˈgæləriz kən rən frəm 15 tɪ 25 ənd əp. ɪkˈsɛpt, ðət ɪz, fər wən ˈmæʤɪkəl deɪ əv ðə jɪr wɪn ju kən ˈvɪzɪt faɪv əv ðə ˈkəlʧərəl əˈtrækʃənz fər 5 ˈwɪntər ˈwɑndər rɪˈtərnz ðɪs ʤæn. 23 trænsˈfɔrmɪŋ ˈwɔtərˌfrənt væˈniər pɑrk, hoʊm tɪ ə ˈbəmpər krɑp əv mˈjuziəmz, ˈɪntu ə ˈmuvɪŋ ˈkəlʧərəl fist. ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn kitsilano*, æt ðə ɛʤ əv ˈɪŋlɪʃ beɪ, væˈniər pɑrk ɪz ə ˈfeɪvərɪt wɪθ sən ˈwərʃɪpərz, dɔg ˈwɔkərz ənd kaɪt flaɪərz ɪn ðə ˈsəmər mənθs. bət təkt əˈweɪ ɪn ðɪs aɪˈdɪlɪk ˈsɛtɪŋ ər səm əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst mˈjuziəmz ənd ˈkəlʧərəl əˈtrækʃənz. ɪn ðə speɪs əv ə ʃɔrt wɔk, ju kən: lərn əˈbaʊt niɑn ˈɪrə æt ðə mˈjuziəm əv vænˈkuvər; ɪkˈsplɔr ðə fərst ʃɪp tɪ ˌsərkəmˈnævəˌgeɪt nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə æt ðə vænˈkuvər ˈmærəˌtaɪm mˈjuziəm; stɛr dip ˈɪntu ðə naɪt skaɪ æt ðə ˌplænəˈtɛriəm ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə h.r*. məkˈmɪlən speɪs ˈsɛntər; ənd braʊz θru ˈɛndləs ˈstɑkˌpaɪlz əv oʊld ˈfoʊˌtoʊz æt ðə ˈsɪti əv vænˈkuvər ˈɑrˌkaɪvz. ðɪs ˈwɪntər ˈwɑndər teɪks pleɪs frəm 10 p.m*. ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ʤæn. 23 əˈpɑrt frəm ðə ˈbɑrgɪn mˈjuziəm ˈækˌsɛs, ðɛr wɪl bi lɪv ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt, pləs ˈplɛnti əv strit it ˈɔpʃənz frəm ðə tɔp ˈloʊkəl fud trəks. ðə 5 ədˈmɪʃən praɪs gɪts ju ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ɔl faɪv ˈkəlʧərəl əˈtrækʃənz, ənd kɪdz 5 ənd ˈəndər ər fri. ˈtɪkɪts ər əˈveɪləbəl æt ˈɛni əv ðə pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ˈvɛnuz. hir ər səm mɔr ˈditeɪl ɔn iʧ əv ðə faɪv ˈɔfərɪŋz: mˈjuziəm əv vænˈkuvər: ɪgˈzɪbəts ʃoʊ wət ðə ˈsɪti wɑz, ɪz, ənd kən bi. ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˌɛksəˈbɪʃənz tɛl ðə ˈstɔriz frəm ðə ˈərli tɪ ðə leɪt ənd ər ˈkɑmpləˌmɛntɪd baɪ kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri, ˈgraʊnˌbreɪkɪŋ ˈfiʧər ɪgˈzɪbəts. h.r*. məkˈmɪlən speɪs ˈsɛntər: ðɪs ˌnɑnˈprɔfɪt kəmˈjunɪti ˈrisɔrs brɪŋz ðə ˈwəndərz əv speɪs tɪ ərθ. si ril ˈrɑkət ˈɛnʤənz ənd speɪs suts ər sɪt bæk ənd zɪp ɔf tɪ ˈaʊtər speɪs ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˌplænəˈtɛriəm stɑr ˈθiətər. vænˈkuvər ˈmærəˌtaɪm mˈjuziəm: ɪkˈsplɔr ɪgˈzɪbəts ɔn ˈpaɪrəts, shipwrecks*, ˈlaɪˌthaʊzəz ənd mɔr ɪn ðɪs mˈjuziəm. ðə ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ɪz ðə rɪˈstɔrd ˈɑrtɪk ˈskunər st*. rɑk, wɪʧ ɪn 1944 meɪd ə vɔɪəʤ θru ðə ˈtrɛʧərəs ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ˈpæsɪʤ. ˈsɪti əv vænˈkuvər ˈɑrˌkaɪvz: stɛp ˈɪntu ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈɑrˌkaɪvz, wɛr ˈrɛkərdz ˈdɑkjəmənɪŋ ðə ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈpraɪvət ˈhɪstəri ər prɪˈzərvd. braʊz θru mɔr ðən 1 ˈmɪljən oʊld ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs ər pɔr ˈoʊvər mæps, ˌɑrkəˈtɛkʧərəl plænz, nuz ˈklɪpɪŋz ənd ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ˈɑrtˌwərk.

45% of video gamers, and 46% of game purchasers, are women. more complex storylines, more personalized characters, more acceptance of ‘geekiness’ as something to be proud of and a wider variety of games available are just a few of the reasons why gaming is no longer being seen as a club. women are finding their place in the gaming world. , a and gamer with subscribers, is excited about the change. “more and more i feel like it is normal for a woman to play video games too. it's no longer "a guy thing". growing up i often heard "what, you play video games?! that's so awesome, girls never play video games!", but now when you tell someone you play video games you'd sooner get the question what kind of games you're into, which is really nice.” , a and gamer with subscribers, is excited about the change. “more and more i feel like it is normal for a woman to play video games too. it's no longer "a guy thing". growing up i often heard "what, you play video games?! that's so awesome, girls never play video games!", but now when you tell someone you play video games you'd sooner get the question what kind of games you're into, which is really nice.” and yet, even the fantasy world still equal. but from gamers, to game developers, to women in games, we still have a long way to go before gaming becomes an world. ...for women who play games: on paper, a female customer experience should be no different to that of a man’s. in practice, the communal nature of gaming means that male gamers can make life pretty unpleasant for a female gamer… a ‘side effect’ of the product she sign up for. women face roughly three times more harassment than men when playing online. gamer and yasmin uddin (known as xox) said she experienced sexism first hand, “mostly during games like call of duty and gears of war. i was ashamed to speak in online game chat as i felt as if be ridiculed for my voice.... be told to ‘get back into the kitchen.” it’s not always that aggressive but unwanted attention is still a distraction to women just looking to play the game. “a lot of people try to make conversation whenever they find out a female gamer, and ask for my personal details, like facebook or skype,” says hayley w, an avid gamer. and sometimes, men will be unnecessarily forgiving towards a woman skewing her results in the game. “they’re a lot more forgiving to me if i make mistakes. they assume not as good as them and sometimes give me game money in an attempt to flirt.” ...for women in games: in a universe where anything is possible, is it really so hard to picture female characters without pinched waists, hourglass curves, and tiny, tiny skirts? despite managing to come up with a seemingly endless amount of alternate worlds and societies, games often fall back on the same old of women wearing clothes which, if you think about it, are highly impractical for the things expected to do within the game. still, things are improving: a recent survey pointed to a decrease in the of female protagonists in games over the last eight years. more and more women are being given three dimensional roles and complex personalities. just give them some clothes, too? ...for women in the gaming industry: most games are created by men, for men. governments around the world are talking about the lack of women in stem (science, tech, engineering, maths) for the gaming world, the problem manifests itself in fewer female and developers to create games. those who do make it into the industry, face lower salaries for doing you guessed it exactly the same job women in gaming in the us, for example, make 86 cents for every dollar made by a man in the industry. women working in gaming have also been known to face vicious and sexist abuse from gamers you need only to look at the controversy, where several women working in the industry faced an orchestrated online campaign of harassment and threats, to see that the cost of working in gaming for women is higher than just the pay gap.

45 əv ˈvɪdioʊ ˈgeɪmərz, ənd 46 əv geɪm ˈpərʧəsərz, ər ˈwɪmən. mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ˈstɔriˌlaɪnz, mɔr ˈpərsənəˌlaɪzd ˈkɛrɪktərz, mɔr əkˈsɛptəns əv ‘‘geekiness’*’ ɛz ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ bi praʊd əv ənd ə ˈwaɪdər vərˈaɪəti əv geɪmz əˈveɪləbəl ər ʤɪst ə fju əv ðə ˈrizənz waɪ ˈgeɪmɪŋ ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər biɪŋ sin ɛz ə kləb. ˈwɪmən ər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðɛr pleɪs ɪn ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ wərld. ə ənd ˈgeɪmər wɪθ səbˈskraɪbərz, ɪz ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt ðə ʧeɪnʤ. ənd mɔr aɪ fil laɪk ɪt ɪz ˈnɔrməl fər ə ˈwʊmən tɪ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz tu. ɪts noʊ ˈlɔŋgər "ə gaɪ θɪŋ". groʊɪŋ əp aɪ ˈɔfən hərd "wət, ju pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz?! ðæts soʊ ˈɔsəm, gərlz ˈnɛvər pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz!", bət naʊ wɪn ju tɛl ˈsəmˌwən ju pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz jʊd ˈsunər gɪt ðə kˈwɛʃən wət kaɪnd əv geɪmz jʊr ˈɪntu, wɪʧ ɪz ˈrɪli nice.”*.” ə ənd ˈgeɪmər wɪθ səbˈskraɪbərz, ɪz ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt ðə ʧeɪnʤ. ənd mɔr aɪ fil laɪk ɪt ɪz ˈnɔrməl fər ə ˈwʊmən tɪ pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz tu. ɪts noʊ ˈlɔŋgər "ə gaɪ θɪŋ". groʊɪŋ əp aɪ ˈɔfən hərd "wət, ju pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz?! ðæts soʊ ˈɔsəm, gərlz ˈnɛvər pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz!", bət naʊ wɪn ju tɛl ˈsəmˌwən ju pleɪ ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz jʊd ˈsunər gɪt ðə kˈwɛʃən wət kaɪnd əv geɪmz jʊr ˈɪntu, wɪʧ ɪz ˈrɪli nice.”*.” ənd jɛt, ˈivɪn ðə ˈfænəsi wərld stɪl ˈikwəl. bət frəm ˈgeɪmərz, tɪ geɪm dɪˈvɛləpərz, tɪ ˈwɪmən ɪn geɪmz, wi stɪl hæv ə lɔŋ weɪ tɪ goʊ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgeɪmɪŋ bɪˈkəmz ən wərld. ...fər ˈwɪmən hu pleɪ geɪmz: ɔn ˈpeɪpər, ə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkəstəmər ɪkˈspɪriəns ʃʊd bi noʊ ˈdɪfərənt tɪ ðət əv ə man’s*. ɪn ˈpræktɪs, ðə kəmˈjunəl ˈneɪʧər əv ˈgeɪmɪŋ minz ðət meɪl ˈgeɪmərz kən meɪk laɪf ˈprɪti ənˈplɛzənt fər ə ˈfiˌmeɪl gamer…*… ə effect’*’ əv ðə ˈprɑdəkt ʃi saɪn əp fər. ˈwɪmən feɪs ˈrəfli θri taɪmz mɔr hərˈæsmənt ðən mɛn wɪn pleɪɪŋ ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ˈgeɪmər ənd ˈjæzmɪn ˈədɪn (noʊn ɛz xox*) sɛd ʃi ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈsɛksɪzəm fərst hænd, ˈdʊrɪŋ geɪmz laɪk kɔl əv ˈduti ənd gɪrz əv wɔr. aɪ wɑz əˈʃeɪmd tɪ spik ɪn ˈɔnˌlaɪn geɪm ʧæt ɛz aɪ fɛlt ɛz ɪf bi ˈrɪdəˌkjuld fər maɪ vɔɪs.... bi toʊld tɪ bæk ˈɪntu ðə kitchen.”*.” nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ðət əˈgrɛsɪv bət ənˈwɔntɪd əˈtɛnʃən ɪz stɪl ə dɪˈstrækʃən tɪ ˈwɪmən ʤɪst ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ pleɪ ðə geɪm. lɔt əv ˈpipəl traɪ tɪ meɪk ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɛˈnɛvər ðeɪ faɪnd aʊt ə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈgeɪmər, ənd æsk fər maɪ ˈpərsɪnəl ˈditeɪlz, laɪk ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ər skype,”*,” sɪz ˈheɪli ˈdəbəlju, ən ˈævɪd ˈgeɪmər. ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, mɛn wɪl bi ənˈnɛsəˌsɛrəli fərˈgɪvɪŋ təˈwɔrdz ə ˈwʊmən skjuɪŋ hər rɪˈzəlts ɪn ðə geɪm. ə lɔt mɔr fərˈgɪvɪŋ tɪ mi ɪf aɪ meɪk mɪˈsteɪks. ðeɪ əˈsum nɑt ɛz gʊd ɛz ðɛm ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz gɪv mi geɪm ˈməni ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ flirt.”*.” ...fər ˈwɪmən ɪn geɪmz: ɪn ə ˈjunəˌvərs wɛr ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl, ɪz ɪt ˈrɪli soʊ hɑrd tɪ ˈpɪkʧər ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkɛrɪktərz wɪˈθaʊt pɪnʧt weɪsts, ˈaʊərˌglæs kərvz, ənd ˈtaɪni, ˈtaɪni skərts? dɪˈspaɪt ˈmænəʤɪŋ tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ə ˈsimɪŋli ˈɛndləs əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɔltərˌneɪt wərldz ənd səˈsaɪɪtiz, geɪmz ˈɔfən fɔl bæk ɔn ðə seɪm oʊld əv ˈwɪmən ˈwɛrɪŋ kloʊðz wɪʧ, ɪf ju θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt, ər ˈhaɪli ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəl fər ðə θɪŋz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ du wɪˈθɪn ðə geɪm. stɪl, θɪŋz ər ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ: ə ˈrisənt ˈsərˌveɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ə ˈdiˌkris ɪn ðə əv ˈfiˌmeɪl proʊˈtægənəsts ɪn geɪmz ˈoʊvər ðə læst eɪt jɪrz. mɔr ənd mɔr ˈwɪmən ər biɪŋ ˈgɪvɪn θri dɪˈmɛnʃənəl roʊlz ənd ˈkɑmplɛks ˌpərsəˈnælɪtiz. ʤɪst gɪv ðɛm səm kloʊðz, tu? ...fər ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈɪndəstri: moʊst geɪmz ər kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ mɛn, fər mɛn. ˈgəvərnmənts əraʊnd ðə wərld ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə læk əv ˈwɪmən ɪn stɛm (saɪəns, tɛk, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, maths*) fər ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ wərld, ðə ˈprɑbləm ˈmænəˌfɛsts ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪn fjuər ˈfiˌmeɪl ənd dɪˈvɛləpərz tɪ kriˈeɪt geɪmz. ðoʊz hu du meɪk ɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈɪndəstri, feɪs loʊər ˈsæləriz fər duɪŋ ju gɛst ɪt ɪgˈzæktli ðə seɪm ʤɑb ˈwɪmən ɪn ˈgeɪmɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, meɪk 86 sɛnts fər ˈɛvəri ˈdɔlər meɪd baɪ ə mæn ɪn ðə ˈɪndəstri. ˈwɪmən ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ˈgeɪmɪŋ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn noʊn tɪ feɪs ˈvɪʃəs ənd ˈsɛksɪst əˈbjuz frəm ˈgeɪmərz ju nid ˈoʊnli tɪ lʊk æt ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi, wɛr ˈsɛvərəl ˈwɪmən ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɪndəstri feɪst ən ˈɔrkɪˌstreɪtɪd ˈɔnˌlaɪn kæmˈpeɪn əv hərˈæsmənt ənd θrɛts, tɪ si ðət ðə kɔst əv ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ˈgeɪmɪŋ fər ˈwɪmən ɪz haɪər ðən ʤɪst ðə peɪ gæp.

closing borders becomes big business this is the first of a report on extraordinary measures the is taking to keep unwanted migrants out of the. athens/warsaw, jan 9 2013 (ips) - theropean union is implementing a new border management system with tougher migration control the core aim. major security and weapons companies are already reaping the benefits. frontex, the border agency, has financed major weapons and security equipment producers to present their equipment in demonstrations.ropean national border guards have participated in these demonstrations as potential customers, learns. frontex confirmed to that the agency has been paying weapons and security equipment manufacturers to participate in demonstrations of equipment which national agencies attended as potential customers. “in the case of companies lockheed martin, fast protect ag, communications, systems, scotty group austria, diamond airborne sensing and inmarsat, it (the reimbursement) wasros,” the agency told in an emailed response. the companies participated in demonstration of remotely piloted aircraft (drones) in in greece in october 2011. thirteen companies and consortiums (israel aerospace industries, lockheed martin, fast protect ag, communications, systems, scotty group austria, diamond airborne sensing, inmarsat,, aerovision, aerovironment, altus, bluebird) demonstrated technological solutions for maritime surveillance. “the payments made to the companies to cover the costs incurred by them to participate in the demonstration in varied fromros toros,” said. u.s.-based lockheed martin, french and israeli are among the biggest weapons and security equipment producers in the world. the demonstrations are part of the preparation for the launch ofrosur, theropean external border surveillance system meant to enhance cooperation between border control agencies of member states and to promote surveillance of’s external borders by, with a particular focus on the mediterranean and north africa, in view of controlling migration torope. surveillance plans envisage the possibility of using drones to spot migrant boats trying to cross the mediterranean. eurosur is one of the two main elements of new border management regime along with ‘smart borders’ which will put in place an ‘entry-exit system’ (ees) to identify visa overstayers, and establish a registered traveller programme (rtp) to enable individuals to cross borders faster. the system would rely heavily on use of and on the collection of a huge database of passenger personal information. a legislative package setting uprosur was approved in this year by theropean civil liberties committee and is expected to receive a final soon from the entire parliament and by theropean council, the’s executive. meanwhile, preparations forrosur are advancing away from public scrutiny. the demonstrations of market ready equipment are a significant measure in the steady construction of a new border management system. through member states will be encouraged to buy such equipment with support from the budget. the commission estimates that the creation ofrosur could cost up to 338 millionros. ‘borderline’, a study of the’s new border surveillance and control system published by the heinrich boll foundation, claims the costs could “easily” end up as high as 874 millionros. the commission refutes the higher estimates. the ‘smart gates’ initiative is estimated by the commission to cost 400 millionros for setting up plus an additional 190 millionros annually in operating costs. according to the borderline study, “despite the absence of any draft legislation, or even an agreement in principle on introducing smart borders in the, the commission has already allocated billionros to the development of an entry exit system) and registered traveller programme) from the proposed internal security fund (2014-2020).” the internal security fund is meant to be a new component of the future budget (2014-2020), replacing the existing external border fund. according to a commission proposal, the internal fund would be billionros annually, and among its strategic priorities will be “to finance the setting up of the and the as well as the introduction and operation of therosur, notably through “the purchase of equipment, infrastructure and systems in member states.” it would also “boost the operational potential of the agency by inviting member states to earmark additional resources under their for equipment which can be put at the disposal of the agency for its joint operations.” in early december, theropean parliament gave a green light to the internal security fund. now only council approval is needed for it to become operational member states are expected to make a final decision on the next budget in february 2013. “theropean border security policy is going in the wrong direction,” greenro-parliamentarian keller told. “against the background of pervasive budget cuts and austerity measures, it is unbelievable that the is spending millions ofros for ‘smart gates’, uavs, and other surveillance technologies. “and it is even more shameful that those who profit most fromrosur and ‘smart borders’ are the bigropean defence contractors.”

ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈbɔrdərz bɪˈkəmz bɪg ˈbɪznɪs ðɪs ɪz ðə fərst əv ə rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈmɛʒərz ðə ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ tɪ kip ənˈwɔntɪd ˈmaɪgrənts aʊt əv ðə. athens/warsaw*, ʤæn 9 2013 (ips*) ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən ɪz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ə nu ˈbɔrdər ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈsɪstəm wɪθ ˈtəfər maɪˈgreɪʃən kənˈtroʊl ðə kɔr eɪm. ˈmeɪʤər sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈwɛpənz ˈkəmpəˌniz ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈripɪŋ ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts., ðə ˈbɔrdər ˈeɪʤənsi, həz ˈfaɪˌnænst ˈmeɪʤər ˈwɛpənz ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪkˈwɪpmənt prəˈdusərz tɪ ˈprɛzənt ðɛr ɪkˈwɪpmənt ɪn ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz. ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈnæʃənəl ˈbɔrdər gɑrdz hæv pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ðiz ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz ɛz pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈkəstəmərz, lərnz. kənˈfərmd tɪ ðət ðə ˈeɪʤənsi həz bɪn peɪɪŋ ˈwɛpənz ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪkˈwɪpmənt ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz əv ɪkˈwɪpmənt wɪʧ ˈnæʃənəl ˈeɪʤənsiz əˈtɛndəd ɛz pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈkəstəmərz. ðə keɪs əv ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈlɑˌkhid ˈmɑrtɪn, fæst prəˈtɛkt ˈeɪˈgi, kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz, ˈsɪstəmz, ˈskɑti grup ˈɔstriə, ˈdaɪmənd ˈɛrˌbɔrn ˈsɛnsɪŋ ənd ˌɪnˌmɑrˈsæt, ɪt (ðə ˌriɪmˈbərsmənt) wɑz euros,”*,” ðə ˈeɪʤənsi toʊld ɪn ən iˈmeɪld rɪˈspɑns. ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən əv riˈmoʊtli ˈpaɪlətɪd ˈɛrˌkræft (droʊnz) ɪn ɪn gris ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2011 ˈθərˈtin ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd kənˈsɔrʃəmz (ˈɪzriəl ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ˈɪndəstriz, ˈlɑˌkhid ˈmɑrtɪn, fæst prəˈtɛkt ˈeɪˈgi, kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz, ˈsɪstəmz, ˈskɑti grup ˈɔstriə, ˈdaɪmənd ˈɛrˌbɔrn ˈsɛnsɪŋ, ˌɪnˌmɑrˈsæt,, aerovision*, aerovironment*, ˈæltəs, ˈbluˌbərd) ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl səˈluʃənz fər ˈmærəˌtaɪm sərˈveɪləns. ˈpeɪmənts meɪd tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz tɪ ˈkəvər ðə kɔsts ˌɪnˈkərd baɪ ðɛm tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðə ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən ɪn ˈvɛrid frəm ˈjuˌroʊz tɪ euros,”*,” sɛd. ˈlɑˌkhid ˈmɑrtɪn, frɛnʧ ənd ˌɪzˈreɪli ər əˈməŋ ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈwɛpənz ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪkˈwɪpmənt prəˈdusərz ɪn ðə wərld. ðə ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz ər pɑrt əv ðə ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən fər ðə lɔnʧ əv, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ɪkˈstərnəl ˈbɔrdər sərˈveɪləns ˈsɪstəm mɛnt tɪ ɛnˈhæns kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˈbɔrdər kənˈtroʊl ˈeɪʤənsiz əv ˈmɛmbər steɪts ənd tɪ prəˈmoʊt sərˈveɪləns əv ɪkˈstərnəl ˈbɔrdərz baɪ, wɪθ ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən ənd nɔrθ ˈæfrɪkɑ, ɪn vju əv kənˈtroʊlɪŋ maɪˈgreɪʃən tɪ ˈjʊrəp. sərˈveɪləns plænz ɛnˈvɪzɪʤ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈjuzɪŋ droʊnz tɪ spɑt ˈmaɪgrənt boʊts traɪɪŋ tɪ krɔs ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən. ɪz wən əv ðə tu meɪn ˈɛləmənts əv nu ˈbɔrdər ˈmænɪʤmənt rəˈʒim əˈlɔŋ wɪθ borders’*’ wɪʧ wɪl pʊt ɪn pleɪs ən system’*’ (ees*) tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈvizə overstayers*, ənd ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈtrævələr ˈproʊˌgræm (rtp*) tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz tɪ krɔs ˈbɔrdərz ˈfæstər. ðə ˈsɪstəm wʊd rɪˈlaɪ ˈhɛvəli ɔn juz əv ənd ɔn ðə kəˈlɛkʃən əv ə juʤ ˈdætəˌbeɪs əv ˈpæsənʤər ˈpərsɪnəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈpækɪʤ ˈsɛtɪŋ əp wɑz əˈpruvd ɪn ðɪs jɪr baɪ ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈsɪvəl ˈlɪbərˌtiz kəˈmɪti ənd ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ rɪˈsiv ə ˈfaɪnəl sun frəm ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈpɑrləmɛnt ənd baɪ ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkaʊnsəl, ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃənz fər ər ədˈvænsɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm ˈpəblɪk ˈskrutəni. ðə ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz əv ˈmɑrkɪt ˈrɛdi ɪkˈwɪpmənt ər ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈmɛʒər ɪn ðə ˈstɛdi kənˈstrəkʃən əv ə nu ˈbɔrdər ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈsɪstəm. θru ˈmɛmbər steɪts wɪl bi ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ baɪ səʧ ɪkˈwɪpmənt wɪθ səˈpɔrt frəm ðə ˈbəʤɪt. ðə kəˈmɪʃən ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv kʊd kɔst əp tɪ 338 ˈmɪljən ˈjuˌroʊz. ‘‘borderline’*’, ə ˈstədi əv ðə nu ˈbɔrdər sərˈveɪləns ənd kənˈtroʊl ˈsɪstəm ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ðə ˈhaɪnrɪk boʊl faʊnˈdeɪʃən, kleɪmz ðə kɔsts kʊd ““easily”*” ɛnd əp ɛz haɪ ɛz 874 ˈmɪljən ˈjuˌroʊz. ðə kəˈmɪʃən rɪfˈjuts ðə haɪər ˈɛstəˌmeɪts. ðə gates’*’ ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd baɪ ðə kəˈmɪʃən tɪ kɔst 400 ˈmɪljən ˈjuˌroʊz fər ˈsɛtɪŋ əp pləs ən əˈdɪʃənəl 190 ˈmɪljən ˈjuˌroʊz ˈænjuəli ɪn ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ kɔsts. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈbɔrdərˌlaɪn ˈstədi, ðə ˈæbsəns əv ˈɛni dræft ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən, ər ˈivɪn ən əˈgrimənt ɪn ˈprɪnsəpəl ɔn ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ smɑrt ˈbɔrdərz ɪn ðə, ðə kəˈmɪʃən həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ˈbɪljən ˈjuˌroʊz tɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ən ˈɛntri ˈɛksət ˈsɪstəm) ənd ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈtrævələr ˈproʊˌgræm) frəm ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˌɪnˈtərnəl sɪˈkjʊrəti fənd ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl sɪˈkjʊrəti fənd ɪz mɛnt tɪ bi ə nu kəmˈpoʊnənt əv ðə fˈjuʧər ˈbəʤɪt rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ɪkˈstərnəl ˈbɔrdər fənd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə kəˈmɪʃən prəˈpoʊzəl, ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl fənd wʊd bi ˈbɪljən ˈjuˌroʊz ˈænjuəli, ənd əˈməŋ ɪts strəˈtiʤɪk praɪˈɔrətiz wɪl bi ˈfaɪˌnæns ðə ˈsɛtɪŋ əp əv ðə ənd ðə ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən ənd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən əv ðə, ˈnoʊtəbli θru ˈpərʧəs əv ɪkˈwɪpmənt, ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ənd ˈsɪstəmz ɪn ˈmɛmbər states.”*.” ɪt wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl pəˈtɛnʃəl əv ðə ˈeɪʤənsi baɪ ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ ˈmɛmbər steɪts tɪ ˈɪrˌmɑrk əˈdɪʃənəl ˈrisɔrsɪz ˈəndər ðɛr fər ɪkˈwɪpmənt wɪʧ kən bi pʊt æt ðə dɪˈspoʊzəl əv ðə ˈeɪʤənsi fər ɪts ʤɔɪnt operations.”*.” ɪn ˈərli dɪˈsɛmbər, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt geɪv ə grin laɪt tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl sɪˈkjʊrəti fənd. naʊ ˈoʊnli ˈkaʊnsəl əˈpruvəl ɪz ˈnidɪd fər ɪt tɪ bɪˈkəm ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl ˈmɛmbər steɪts ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ meɪk ə ˈfaɪnəl dɪˈsɪʒən ɔn ðə nɛkst ˈbəʤɪt ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2013 ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈbɔrdər sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈpɑləsi ɪz goʊɪŋ ɪn ðə rɔŋ direction,”*,” grin ˈkɛlər toʊld. ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd əv pərˈveɪsɪv ˈbəʤɪt kəts ənd ˌɔˈstɛrɪti ˈmɛʒərz, ɪt ɪz ˌənbəˈlivəbəl ðət ðə ɪz ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈmɪljənz əv ˈjuˌroʊz fər gates’*’, uavs*, ənd ˈəðər sərˈveɪləns tɛkˈnɑləʤiz. ɪt ɪz ˈivɪn mɔr ˈʃeɪmfəl ðət ðoʊz hu ˈprɑfɪt moʊst frəm ənd borders’*’ ər ðə bɪg ˌjʊrəˈpiən dɪˈfɛns contractors.”*.”

looks like the fell out of the time vortex and landed in an strange new dimension.honestly, i can't believe i haven't seen something like this before. now i'm not saying one doesn't exist, just that i haven't seen it.anyway, i think it turned out well. took me forever to find a picture from a good angle to get the desired especially like expression edit, nov. 27, the color of the light to better match the show. for some reason, i thought it blue. i also added a faint green glow to the doctor and, emanating from the vector made by * hooves vector made by ~ photo belongs to the bbc [link]

lʊks laɪk ðə fɛl aʊt əv ðə taɪm ˈvɔrtɛks ənd ˈlændɪd ɪn ən streɪnʤ nu dimension.honestly*, aɪ kænt bɪˈliv aɪ ˈhævənt sin ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs ˌbiˈfɔr. naʊ əm nɑt seɪɪŋ wən ˈdəzənt ɪgˈzɪst, ʤɪst ðət aɪ ˈhævənt sin it.anyway*, aɪ θɪŋk ɪt tərnd aʊt wɛl. tʊk mi fərˈɛvər tɪ faɪnd ə ˈpɪkʧər frəm ə gʊd ˈæŋgəl tɪ gɪt ðə dɪˈzaɪərd əˈspɛʃəli laɪk ɪkˈsprɛʃən ˈɛdət, noʊv. 27 ðə ˈkələr əv ðə laɪt tɪ ˈbɛtər mæʧ ðə ʃoʊ. fər səm ˈrizən, aɪ θɔt ɪt blu. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈædɪd ə feɪnt grin gloʊ tɪ ðə ˈdɔktər ənd, ˈɛməˌneɪtɪŋ frəm ðə ˈvɛktər meɪd baɪ hʊvz ˈvɛktər meɪd baɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ðə ˌbibiˈsi [lɪŋk]

"cinder block" here. for the american singer, see cinder block (musician) "breezeblocks" here. for the song by alt+j, see (song) an interior wall of painted a concrete masonry unit (cmu) is a standard size rectangular block used in building construction. are some of the most versatile building products available because of the wide variety of appearances that can be achieved using concrete masonry] those that use cinders (fly ash or bottom ash) are called cinder blocks in the united states, breeze blocks (breeze is a synonym of] in the united kingdom, and hollow blocks in the philippines. in new zealand and canada they are known as concrete blocks (a name common in the united states also). in new zealand, they are also called construction blocks. in australia they are also called besser blocks and besser bricks, because the besser company was a major supplier of machines that made concrete blocks. blocks use as aggregate. in non-technical usage, the terms cinder block and breeze block are often generalized to cover all of these varieties. composition [ edit ] concrete blocks are made from cast concrete (e.g. portland cement and aggregate, usually sand and fine gravel, for blocks). lower density blocks may use industrial wastes, such as fly ash or bottom] as an] recycled materials, such as glass, slag cement, or recycled aggregate, are often used in the composition of the] use of recycled materials within blocks can create different appearances in the block, such as a finish, and may help the finished structure earn leed certification. lightweight blocks can also be produced using concrete. sizes and structure [ edit ] the use of allows structures to be built in the traditional masonry style with layers (or courses) of staggered blocks. concrete blocks may be produced with hollow centers (cores) to reduce weight or improve insulation. blocks come in modular sizes, with the most popular typically referred to (by their thickness) as "4-inch", "6-inch", "8-inch", and "12-inch". in the us, cmu blocks are nominally 16 in (410) wide and 8 in (200) long. their actual dimensions are their nominal dimensions, minus in any direction (to allow for mortar joints regardless of their orientation as] in ireland and the uk, blocks are usually 440 215 100 (17.3 in in in) excluding mortar joints. in australia, new zealand and canada, blocks are usually 390 190 190 (15.4 in in in) excluding mortar joints. block cores are typically tapered so that their top surface (as laid) has a greater surface on which to spread a mortar bed and for easier handling. most have two cores, but three- and units are also produced. a core also allows for the insertion of steel reinforcement to span courses in order to increase tensile strength. this is accomplished by grouting the voids of blocks containing rebar with concrete. thus reinforced, cmu walls are better able to resist lateral forces such as wind load and seismic forces. a variety of specialized shapes exist to allow special construction features. blocks or knockout blocks with notches to allow the construction of bond beams or lintel assemblies, using horizontal reinforcing into place in the cavity. blocks with a channel on the end, known as "jamb blocks", allow doors to be secured to wall assemblies. blocks with ends permit the construction of control joints, allowing a filler material to be anchored between the block ends. other features, such as corners known as "bullnoses" may be incorporated. a wide variety of decorative profiles also exist. concrete masonry units may be formulated with special aggregates to produce specific colors or textures for finish use. special textures may be produced by splitting a ribbed or solid unit; such units are called "split-rib" or "split-face" blocks. blocks may be scored by grooves the width of a mortar joint to simulate different block modules. for example, an (200 410) block may be scored in the middle to simulate (200 200) masonry, with the grooves filled with mortar and struck to match the true] united states [ edit ] uses [ edit ] concrete block, when built with integral steel reinforcing or in tandem with concrete columns and tie beams and reinforced with rebar, is a very common building material for the walls of buildings, in what is termed concrete block structure (cbs) construction. american suburban houses typically employ a concrete foundation and slab with a concrete block wall on the perimeter. other common uses for concrete block wall is interior partition walls, and exterior backup wall for attachment of building envelope systems and façades. structural properties [ edit ] concrete masonry walls may be ungrouted, partially, or fully, the latter two enhancing their structural strength. additionally, steel reinforcement bars (rebar) can be used both vertically and horizontally inside a cmu wall to maximize its structural performance. the cells in which the rebar is placed must be for the bars to bond to the wall. for this reason, high seismic zones typically only allow fully walls in their building codes. the american design code that guides design engineers in using cmu as a structural system is the masonry standards joint committee's building code requirements & specification for masonry structures 5). the strength of concrete masonry units and masonry walls varies from approximately psi (7 mpa) to psi (34 mpa) based on the type of concrete used to manufacture the unit, stacking orientation, the type of mortar used to build the wall, and other] see also [ edit ] references [ edit ] sources [ edit ]

"ˈsɪndər blɑk" hir. fər ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪŋər, si ˈsɪndər blɑk (mjuˈzɪʃən) "breezeblocks*" hir. fər ðə sɔŋ baɪ alt+j*, si (sɔŋ) ən ˌɪnˈtɪriər wɔl əv ˈpeɪnɪd ə ˈkɑnkrit ˈmeɪsənri ˈjunɪt (ˈsiˈɛmˈju) ɪz ə ˈstændərd saɪz rɛkˈtæŋgjələr blɑk juzd ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ kənˈstrəkʃən. ər səm əv ðə moʊst ˈvərsətəl ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈprɑdəkts əˈveɪləbəl bɪˈkəz əv ðə waɪd vərˈaɪəti əv əˈpɪrənsəz ðət kən bi əˈʧivd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈkɑnkrit ˈmeɪsənri ðoʊz ðət juz ˈsɪndərz (flaɪ æʃ ər ˈbɑtəm æʃ) ər kɔld ˈsɪndər blɑks ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, briz blɑks (briz ɪz ə ˈsɪnəˌnɪm əv ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm, ənd ˈhɑloʊ blɑks ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz. ɪn nu ˈzilənd ənd ˈkænədə ðeɪ ər noʊn ɛz ˈkɑnkrit blɑks (ə neɪm ˈkɑmən ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɔlsoʊ). ɪn nu ˈzilənd, ðeɪ ər ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld kənˈstrəkʃən blɑks. ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə ðeɪ ər ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld ˈbɛsər blɑks ənd ˈbɛsər brɪks, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈbɛsər ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ə ˈmeɪʤər səˈplaɪər əv məˈʃinz ðət meɪd ˈkɑnkrit blɑks. blɑks juz ɛz ˈægrəgət. ɪn nɑnˈtɛknɪkəl ˈjusɪʤ, ðə tərmz ˈsɪndər blɑk ənd briz blɑk ər ˈɔfən ˈʤɛnərəˌlaɪzd tɪ ˈkəvər ɔl əv ðiz vərˈaɪətiz. ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən ˈɛdət ˈkɑnkrit blɑks ər meɪd frəm kæst ˈkɑnkrit (e.g*. ˈpɔrtlənd sɪˈmɛnt ənd ˈægrəgət, ˈjuʒəwəli sænd ənd faɪn ˈgrævəl, fər blɑks). loʊər ˈdɛnsɪti blɑks meɪ juz ˌɪnˈdəstriəl weɪsts, səʧ ɛz flaɪ æʃ ər ˈbɑtəm ɛz ən riˈsaɪkəld məˈtɪriəlz, səʧ ɛz glæs, slæg sɪˈmɛnt, ər riˈsaɪkəld ˈægrəgət, ər ˈɔfən juzd ɪn ðə ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən əv ðə juz əv riˈsaɪkəld məˈtɪriəlz wɪˈθɪn blɑks kən kriˈeɪt ˈdɪfərənt əˈpɪrənsəz ɪn ðə blɑk, səʧ ɛz ə ˈfɪnɪʃ, ənd meɪ hɛlp ðə ˈfɪnɪʃt ˈstrəkʧər ərn lid ˌsərtəfəˈkeɪʃən. ˈlaɪtˈweɪt blɑks kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi prəˈdust ˈjuzɪŋ ˈkɑnkrit. ˈsaɪzɪz ənd ˈstrəkʧər ˈɛdət ðə juz əv əˈlaʊz ˈstrəkʧərz tɪ bi bɪlt ɪn ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈmeɪsənri staɪl wɪθ leɪərz (ər ˈkɔrsɪz) əv ˈstægərd blɑks. ˈkɑnkrit blɑks meɪ bi prəˈdust wɪθ ˈhɑloʊ ˈsɛnərz (kɔrz) tɪ rɪˈdus weɪt ər ˌɪmˈpruv ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən. blɑks kəm ɪn ˈmɑʤələr ˈsaɪzɪz, wɪθ ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈtɪpɪkəli rɪˈfərd tɪ (baɪ ðɛr ˈθɪknəs) ɛz 4-inch*", 6-inch*", 8-inch*", ənd 12-inch*". ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ˈsiˈɛmˈju blɑks ər ˈnɑmənəli 16 ɪn 410) waɪd ənd 8 ɪn 200) lɔŋ. ðɛr ˈækʧəwəl dɪˈmɛnʃənz ər ðɛr ˈnɑmənəl dɪˈmɛnʃənz, ˈmaɪnəs ɪn ˈɛni dɪˈrɛkʃɪn (tɪ əˈlaʊ fər ˈmɔrtər ʤɔɪnts rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðɛr ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən ɛz ɪn ˈaɪərlənd ənd ðə uk*, blɑks ər ˈjuʒəwəli 440 215 100 ɪn ɪn ɪn) ɪkˈskludɪŋ ˈmɔrtər ʤɔɪnts. ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, nu ˈzilənd ənd ˈkænədə, blɑks ər ˈjuʒəwəli 390 190 190 ɪn ɪn ɪn) ɪkˈskludɪŋ ˈmɔrtər ʤɔɪnts. blɑk kɔrz ər ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈteɪpərd soʊ ðət ðɛr tɔp ˈsərfəs (ɛz leɪd) həz ə ˈgreɪtər ˈsərfəs ɔn wɪʧ tɪ sprɛd ə ˈmɔrtər bɛd ənd fər ˈiziər ˈhændəlɪŋ. moʊst hæv tu kɔrz, bət θri- ənd ˈjunɪts ər ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈdust. ə kɔr ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊz fər ðə ˌɪnˈsərʃən əv stil ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt tɪ spæn ˈkɔrsɪz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˈtɛnsəl strɛŋθ. ðɪs ɪz əˈkɑmplɪʃt baɪ ˈgraʊtɪŋ ðə vɔɪdz əv blɑks kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈriˌbɑr wɪθ ˈkɑnkrit. ðəs ˌriɪnˈfɔrst, ˈsiˈɛmˈju wɔlz ər ˈbɛtər ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈzɪst ˈlætərəl ˈfɔrsɪz səʧ ɛz wɪnd loʊd ənd ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈfɔrsɪz. ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ʃeɪps ɪgˈzɪst tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈspɛʃəl kənˈstrəkʃən ˈfiʧərz. blɑks ər ˈnɑˌkaʊt blɑks wɪθ ˈnɑʧɪz tɪ əˈlaʊ ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv bɑnd bimz ər ˈlɪntəl əˈsɛmbliz, ˈjuzɪŋ ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈɪntu pleɪs ɪn ðə ˈkævəti. blɑks wɪθ ə ˈʧænəl ɔn ðə ɛnd, noʊn ɛz "ʤæm blɑks", əˈlaʊ dɔrz tɪ bi sɪˈkjʊrd tɪ wɔl əˈsɛmbliz. blɑks wɪθ ɛndz ˈpərˌmɪt ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv kənˈtroʊl ʤɔɪnts, əˈlaʊɪŋ ə ˈfɪlər məˈtɪriəl tɪ bi ˈæŋkərd bɪtˈwin ðə blɑk ɛndz. ˈəðər ˈfiʧərz, səʧ ɛz ˈkɔrnərz noʊn ɛz "bullnoses*" meɪ bi ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd. ə waɪd vərˈaɪəti əv ˈdɛkrətɪv ˈproʊˌfaɪlz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪgˈzɪst. ˈkɑnkrit ˈmeɪsənri ˈjunɪts meɪ bi ˈfɔrmjəˌleɪtɪd wɪθ ˈspɛʃəl ˈægrəˌgeɪts tɪ ˈproʊdus spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈkələrz ər ˈtɛksʧərz fər ˈfɪnɪʃ juz. ˈspɛʃəl ˈtɛksʧərz meɪ bi prəˈdust baɪ ˈsplɪtɪŋ ə rɪbd ər ˈsɑləd ˈjunɪt; səʧ ˈjunɪts ər kɔld "split-rib*" ər "split-face*" blɑks. blɑks meɪ bi skɔrd baɪ gruvz ðə wɪdθ əv ə ˈmɔrtər ʤɔɪnt tɪ ˈsɪmjəˌleɪt ˈdɪfərənt blɑk ˈmɑʤulz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ən 200 410) blɑk meɪ bi skɔrd ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl tɪ ˈsɪmjəˌleɪt 200 200) ˈmeɪsənri, wɪθ ðə gruvz fɪld wɪθ ˈmɔrtər ənd strək tɪ mæʧ ðə tru juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɛdət ˈjuzɪz ˈɛdət ˈkɑnkrit blɑk, wɪn bɪlt wɪθ ˈɪnəgrəl stil ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪŋ ər ɪn ˈtændəm wɪθ ˈkɑnkrit ˈkɑləmz ənd taɪ bimz ənd ˌriɪnˈfɔrst wɪθ ˈriˌbɑr, ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈkɑmən ˈbɪldɪŋ məˈtɪriəl fər ðə wɔlz əv ˈbɪldɪŋz, ɪn wət ɪz tərmd ˈkɑnkrit blɑk ˈstrəkʧər (ˈsiˌbiˌɛs) kənˈstrəkʃən. əˈmɛrɪkən səˈbərbən ˈhaʊsɪz ˈtɪpɪkəli ɪmˈplɔɪ ə ˈkɑnkrit faʊnˈdeɪʃən ənd slæb wɪθ ə ˈkɑnkrit blɑk wɔl ɔn ðə pərˈɪmətər. ˈəðər ˈkɑmən ˈjuzɪz fər ˈkɑnkrit blɑk wɔl ɪz ˌɪnˈtɪriər pɑrˈtɪʃən wɔlz, ənd ɪkˈstɪriər ˈbæˌkəp wɔl fər əˈtæʧmənt əv ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈɛnvəˌloʊp ˈsɪstəmz ənd façades*. ˈstrəkʧərəl ˈprɑpərtiz ˈɛdət ˈkɑnkrit ˈmeɪsənri wɔlz meɪ bi ungrouted*, ˈpɑrʃəli, ər ˈfʊli, ðə ˈlætər tu ɛnˈhænsɪŋ ðɛr ˈstrəkʧərəl strɛŋθ. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, stil ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt bɑrz (ˈriˌbɑr) kən bi juzd boʊθ ˈvərtɪkli ənd ˌhɔrɪˈzɑntəli ˌɪnˈsaɪd ə ˈsiˈɛmˈju wɔl tɪ ˈmæksəˌmaɪz ɪts ˈstrəkʧərəl pərˈfɔrməns. ðə sɛlz ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈriˌbɑr ɪz pleɪst məst bi fər ðə bɑrz tɪ bɑnd tɪ ðə wɔl. fər ðɪs ˈrizən, haɪ ˈsaɪzmɪk zoʊnz ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈoʊnli əˈlaʊ ˈfʊli wɔlz ɪn ðɛr ˈbɪldɪŋ koʊdz. ðə əˈmɛrɪkən dɪˈzaɪn koʊd ðət gaɪdz dɪˈzaɪn ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsiˈɛmˈju ɛz ə ˈstrəkʧərəl ˈsɪstəm ɪz ðə ˈmeɪsənri ˈstændərdz ʤɔɪnt kəˈmɪtiz ˈbɪldɪŋ koʊd rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən fər ˈmeɪsənri ˈstrəkʧərz 5 ðə strɛŋθ əv ˈkɑnkrit ˈmeɪsənri ˈjunɪts ənd ˈmeɪsənri wɔlz ˈvɛriz frəm əˈprɑksəmətli saɪ 7 mpa*) tɪ saɪ 34 mpa*) beɪst ɔn ðə taɪp əv ˈkɑnkrit juzd tɪ ˌmænjəˈfækʧər ðə ˈjunɪt, ˈstækɪŋ ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən, ðə taɪp əv ˈmɔrtər juzd tɪ bɪld ðə wɔl, ənd ˈəðər si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət ˈsɔrsəz ˈɛdət

the dallas police officers association pac endorsed texas governor greg abbott in his bid for re-election. the nod comes on the same day dallas county sheriff lupe valdez announced her run against the incumbent governor in 2018. frederick frazier, vice president of the dallas police association pac praised the governor for his commitment to increasing public safety and for building a strong relationship between law enforcement officials and their communities, according to a statement provided to texas by the abbott for governor campaign. “governor greg abbott has been a true advocate for law enforcement in dallas and throughout our state,” frazier said. “he has strengthened protections for our officers in the line of duty, and has worked to make sure we have the resources to better serve our communities. texas needs four more years of governor greg abbott to ensure our officers here in dallas have the support they need to keep our communities safe.” governor abbott has put law enforcement officers first during his tenure as the head of state government. following the murder of five police officers in july 2016, governor abbott flew back from texas to attend a press conference with dallas mayor mike rawlings despite having been severely burned. the governor did not announce his injury until after the funeral to avoid distracting attention from the slain officers. doctors advised the governor not to attend the meeting because of the risk of infection. first words were, “i’ve got to come back,” spokesman matt hirsch told the dallas morning news after the word of the injury spread. “it was hugely important for him to be in dallas the next day without regard to his well-being.” in response to the murder of the officers, abbott began the process of issuing body armor to police officers. he also proposed legislation to make targeting police officers with acts of violence a hate crime, texas reported. “i, along with so many texans, have a deep respect for our law enforcement officers,” abbott said while thanking the officers association for their endorsement. “they put their lives on the line each and every day to make our communities safer, and we remain grateful for their sacrifice and dedication.” “i am committed to increasing support and protections for our police officers, and i will do whatever i can to make sure they know that texans have their backs,” the governor continued. “i am honored to receive the endorsement of the dallas police association pac. i am committed to working alongside our law enforcement officers over the next four years to improve public safety and to make sure that the men and women in law enforcement have the support and protection that they need to carry out their duties.” the dallas police officers association is the largest police employee organization in dallas, frazer stated. “we are proud to endorse governor greg abbott for reelection as governor of texas,” he announced on wednesday. bob price serves as associate editor and senior political news contributor for texas. he is a founding member of the texas team. follow him on twitter @bobpricebbtx, gab, and facebook.

ðə ˈdæləs pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən pæk ɛnˈdɔrst ˈtɛksəs ˈgəvərnər grɛg ˈæbət ɪn hɪz bɪd fər re-election*. ðə nɑd kəmz ɔn ðə seɪm deɪ ˈdæləs ˈkaʊnti ˈʃɛrɪf lup vælˈdɛz əˈnaʊnst hər rən əˈgɛnst ðə ˌɪnˈkəmbənt ˈgəvərnər ɪn 2018 ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈfreɪʒər, vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈdæləs pəˈlis əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən pæk preɪzd ðə ˈgəvərnər fər hɪz kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti ənd fər ˈbɪldɪŋ ə strɔŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ðɛr kəmˈjunɪtiz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈsteɪtmənt prəˈvaɪdɪd tɪ ˈtɛksəs baɪ ðə ˈæbət fər ˈgəvərnər kæmˈpeɪn. grɛg ˈæbət həz bɪn ə tru ˈædvəˌkeɪt fər lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ɪn ˈdæləs ənd θruaʊt ɑr state,”*,” ˈfreɪʒər sɛd. həz ˈstrɛŋθənd prəˈtɛkʃənz fər ɑr ˈɔfɪsərz ɪn ðə laɪn əv ˈduti, ənd həz wərkt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr wi hæv ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ ˈbɛtər sərv ɑr kəmˈjunɪtiz. ˈtɛksəs nidz fɔr mɔr jɪrz əv ˈgəvərnər grɛg ˈæbət tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ɑr ˈɔfɪsərz hir ɪn ˈdæləs hæv ðə səˈpɔrt ðeɪ nid tɪ kip ɑr kəmˈjunɪtiz safe.”*.” ˈgəvərnər ˈæbət həz pʊt lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈɔfɪsərz fərst ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈtɛnjər ɛz ðə hɛd əv steɪt ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈmərdər əv faɪv pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2016 ˈgəvərnər ˈæbət flu bæk frəm ˈtɛksəs tɪ əˈtɛnd ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns wɪθ ˈdæləs meɪər maɪk ˈrɔlɪŋz dɪˈspaɪt ˈhævɪŋ bɪn səˈvɪrli bərnd. ðə ˈgəvərnər dɪd nɑt əˈnaʊns hɪz ˈɪnʤəri ənˈtɪl ˈæftər ðə fˈjunərəl tɪ əˈvɔɪd dɪˈstræktɪŋ əˈtɛnʃən frəm ðə sleɪn ˈɔfɪsərz. ˈdɑktərz ədˈvaɪzd ðə ˈgəvərnər nɑt tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə ˈmitɪŋ bɪˈkəz əv ðə rɪsk əv ˌɪnˈfɛkʃən. fərst wərdz wər, gɑt tɪ kəm back,”*,” ˈspoʊksmən mæt hərʃ toʊld ðə ˈdæləs ˈmɔrnɪŋ nuz ˈæftər ðə wərd əv ðə ˈɪnʤəri sprɛd. wɑz ˈhjuʤli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ɪm tɪ bi ɪn ˈdæləs ðə nɛkst deɪ wɪˈθaʊt rɪˈgɑrd tɪ hɪz well-being.”*.” ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˈmərdər əv ðə ˈɔfɪsərz, ˈæbət bɪˈgæn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈɪʃuɪŋ ˈbɑdi ˈɑrmər tɪ pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz. hi ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈpoʊzd ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən tɪ meɪk ˈtɑrgətɪŋ pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz wɪθ ækts əv ˈvaɪələns ə heɪt kraɪm, ˈtɛksəs ˌriˈpɔrtəd., əˈlɔŋ wɪθ soʊ ˈmɛni ˈtɛksənz, hæv ə dip rɪˈspɛkt fər ɑr lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt officers,”*,” ˈæbət sɛd waɪl ˈθæŋkɪŋ ðə ˈɔfɪsərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən fər ðɛr ɛnˈdɔrsmənt. pʊt ðɛr lɪvz ɔn ðə laɪn iʧ ənd ˈɛvəri deɪ tɪ meɪk ɑr kəmˈjunɪtiz ˈseɪfər, ənd wi rɪˈmeɪn ˈgreɪtfəl fər ðɛr ˈsækrəˌfaɪs ənd dedication.”*.” æm kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ səˈpɔrt ənd prəˈtɛkʃənz fər ɑr pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz, ənd aɪ wɪl du ˌwəˈtɛvər aɪ kən tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðeɪ noʊ ðət ˈtɛksənz hæv ðɛr backs,”*,” ðə ˈgəvərnər kənˈtɪnjud. æm ˈɑnərd tɪ rɪˈsiv ðə ɛnˈdɔrsmənt əv ðə ˈdæləs pəˈlis əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən pæk. aɪ æm kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈwərkɪŋ əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ɑr lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈɔfɪsərz ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst fɔr jɪrz tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti ənd tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət ðə mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən ɪn lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt hæv ðə səˈpɔrt ənd prəˈtɛkʃən ðət ðeɪ nid tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt ðɛr duties.”*.” ðə ˈdæləs pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ɪz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst pəˈlis ɪmˈplɔɪi ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ɪn ˈdæləs, ˈfreɪzər ˈsteɪtɪd. ər praʊd tɪ ɛnˈdɔrs ˈgəvərnər grɛg ˈæbət fər riɪˈlɛkʃən ɛz ˈgəvərnər əv texas,”*,” hi əˈnaʊnst ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. bɑb praɪs sərvz ɛz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ˈɛdɪtər ənd ˈsinjər pəˈlɪtɪkəl nuz kənˈtrɪbjətər fər ˈtɛksəs. hi ɪz ə ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈtɛksəs tim. ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər @bobpricebbtx*, gæb, ənd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk.

san antonio - a man is dead and woman has been taken to the hospital in a shooting on the city's far north side, san antonio police said friday. the shooting was reported just before a.m. in the 3600 block of ivory creek. that's in a neighborhood found near loop 1604 and rodgers ranch. police said when they arrived on scene they found a man and a woman both in their with gunshot wounds in separate rooms, on the ground floor of a home. the man was pronounced dead at the scene. the woman in the home was taken to an area hospital. her condition is not presently known. officials tell 12 that they are not searching for anyone else in regards to the shooting. however they would not confirm who shot who. a neighbor said she was told that the husband did the shooting. two other neighbors said the couple who lived in the home had not been married long. additional neighbors said the children who live in the home were not present at the time of the shooting and had likely gone to school. ksat 12 will continue to follow this story and have more information as it develops. copyright 2016 by - all rights reserved.

sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ ə mæn ɪz dɛd ənd ˈwʊmən həz bɪn ˈteɪkən tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɪn ə ˈʃutɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsɪtiz fɑr nɔrθ saɪd, sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ pəˈlis sɛd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ðə ˈʃutɪŋ wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr a.m*. ɪn ðə 3600 blɑk əv ˈaɪvəri krik. ðæts ɪn ə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd faʊnd nɪr lup 1604 ənd ˈrɑʤərz rænʧ. pəˈlis sɛd wɪn ðeɪ əraɪvd ɔn sin ðeɪ faʊnd ə mæn ənd ə ˈwʊmən boʊθ ɪn ðɛr wɪθ ˈgənˌʃɑt wundz ɪn ˈsɛpərˌeɪt rumz, ɔn ðə graʊnd flɔr əv ə hoʊm. ðə mæn wɑz prəˈnaʊnst dɛd æt ðə sin. ðə ˈwʊmən ɪn ðə hoʊm wɑz ˈteɪkən tɪ ən ˈɛriə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. hər kənˈdɪʃən ɪz nɑt ˈprɛzəntli noʊn. əˈfɪʃəlz tɛl 12 ðət ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ˈɛniˌwən ɛls ɪn rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ ðə ˈʃutɪŋ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðeɪ wʊd nɑt kənˈfərm hu ʃɑt hu. ə ˈneɪbər sɛd ʃi wɑz toʊld ðət ðə ˈhəzbənd dɪd ðə ˈʃutɪŋ. tu ˈəðər ˈneɪbərz sɛd ðə ˈkəpəl hu lɪvd ɪn ðə hoʊm hæd nɑt bɪn ˈmɛrid lɔŋ. əˈdɪʃənəl ˈneɪbərz sɛd ðə ˈʧɪldrən hu lɪv ɪn ðə hoʊm wər nɑt ˈprɛzənt æt ðə taɪm əv ðə ˈʃutɪŋ ənd hæd ˈlaɪkli gɔn tɪ skul. 12 wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðɪs ˈstɔri ənd hæv mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɛz ɪt dɪˈvɛləps. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2016 baɪ ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd.

‘faculty rights and the sufficiency of law students’ education’ at risk one of the worrisome trends in education is students seeking to avoid uncomfortable areas of the law, particularly sexual assault. but it was a law exam question on an uncomfortable area of the body that got him in trouble with his university. as in, 504 days of trouble, and potentially many more. howard university is hanging the sword of damocles over the head of reginald robinson if he ever offends a student again by the content of his legal pedagogy. the historically black school in washington, d.c., has yet to respond six months later to a warning letter from the foundation for individual rights in education about its title investigation of robinson (left) for an exam question on groping and drugging involving a brazilian wax. though lawyer said this summer that they “believe we have reached a mutually satisfactory solution” in discussions with the university,” that resolution fell through, fire told howard president wayne frederick in a tuesday letter: robinson has now informed us that no agreement was finalized. accordingly, as he plans to return to teaching next semester, his and other howard professors’ free speech rights remain threatened. to our knowledge, the unjust sanctions against robinson remain in place, including the threat of termination for protected expression simply because someone may find it offensive. the letter from susan kruth, staff attorney for stand up for speech litigation project, is copied to the chair of board of trustees, its general counsel, provost and law school dean, as well as the title investigator who investigated robinson and title coordinator: howard’s finding is at odds with the plain language of several written university policies and could chill professors’ teaching of basic legal principles. as a result, it puts at risk both faculty rights and the sufficiency of law students’ education. though howard is private, it has two written policies that on their face apply to classroom conduct. one seems explicitly designed to encompass controversial legal subjects, from the faculty handbook, last updated 24 years ago: faculty members are entitled to freedom in the classroom in discussing their subjects, but they should be careful not to introduce matter into their teaching that has no relation to their subjects. another is less than a year old, directed to the entire community from president frederick (in response to a political vandalism incident), though it explicitly prioritizes safety over freedom of speech: howard university is committed to the principles of free speech, public protest, and inclusivity, even though these ideals may sometimes conflict with one another. however, our commitment to the safety, well-being, and support of the howard university community remains our highest priority. read letter to the university. more: investigation of law professor for ‘brazilian wax’ question more: howard vandalized with ‘trump plantation’ after devos visit image: ‘the 40-year-old-virgin’ read more like the college fix on facebook / follow us on twitter

‘‘faculty* raɪts ənd ðə səˈfɪʃənsi əv lɔ students’*’ education’*’ æt rɪsk wən əv ðə ˈwərisəm trɛnz ɪn ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪz ˈstudənts ˈsikɪŋ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ənˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈɛriəz əv ðə lɔ, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt. bət ɪt wɑz ə lɔ ɪgˈzæm kˈwɛʃən ɔn ən ənˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈɛriə əv ðə ˈbɑdi ðət gɑt ɪm ɪn ˈtrəbəl wɪθ hɪz ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ɛz ɪn, 504 deɪz əv ˈtrəbəl, ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈmɛni mɔr. haʊərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪz ˈhæŋɪŋ ðə sɔrd əv ˈdæməˌkliz ˈoʊvər ðə hɛd əv ˈrɛʤənəld ˈrɑbənsən ɪf hi ˈɛvər əˈfɛndz ə ˈstudənt əˈgɛn baɪ ðə ˈkɑntɛnt əv hɪz ˈligəl ˈpɛdəˌgoʊʤi. ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəli blæk skul ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*., həz jɛt tɪ rɪˈspɑnd sɪks mənθs ˈleɪtər tɪ ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈlɛtər frəm ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən fər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl raɪts ɪn ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ɪts ˈtaɪtəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv ˈrɑbənsən (lɛft) fər ən ɪgˈzæm kˈwɛʃən ɔn ˈgroʊpɪŋ ənd ˈdrəgɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ə brəˈzɪljən wæks. ðoʊ ˈlɔjər sɛd ðɪs ˈsəmər ðət ðeɪ wi hæv riʧt ə mˈjuʧuəli ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri solution”*” ɪn dɪˈskəʃənz wɪθ ðə university,”*,” ðət ˌrɛzəˈluʃən fɛl θru, faɪər toʊld haʊərd ˈprɛzɪdənt weɪn ˈfrɛdərɪk ɪn ə ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈlɛtər: ˈrɑbənsən həz naʊ ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ˈjuˈɛs ðət noʊ əˈgrimənt wɑz ˈfaɪnəˌlaɪzd. əˈkɔrdɪŋli, ɛz hi plænz tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈtiʧɪŋ nɛkst səˈmɛstər, hɪz ənd ˈəðər haʊərd professors’*’ fri spiʧ raɪts rɪˈmeɪn θˈrɛtənd. tɪ ɑr ˈnɑlɪʤ, ðə ənˈʤəst ˈsæŋkʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈrɑbənsən rɪˈmeɪn ɪn pleɪs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə θrɛt əv tərməˈneɪʃən fər prəˈtɛktɪd ɪkˈsprɛʃən ˈsɪmpli bɪˈkəz ˈsəmˌwən meɪ faɪnd ɪt əˈfɛnsɪv. ðə ˈlɛtər frəm ˈsuzən kruth*, stæf əˈtərni fər stænd əp fər spiʧ ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkt, ɪz ˈkɑpid tɪ ðə ʧɛr əv bɔrd əv ˌtrəˈstiz, ɪts ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkaʊnsəl, ˈproʊvoʊst ənd lɔ skul din, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈtaɪtəl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər hu ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ˈrɑbənsən ənd ˈtaɪtəl koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər: ˈfaɪndɪŋ ɪz æt ɑdz wɪθ ðə pleɪn ˈlæŋgwɪʤ əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈrɪtən ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈpɑləsiz ənd kʊd ʧɪl professors’*’ ˈtiʧɪŋ əv ˈbeɪsɪk ˈligəl ˈprɪnsəpəlz. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ɪt pʊts æt rɪsk boʊθ ˈfækəlti raɪts ənd ðə səˈfɪʃənsi əv lɔ students’*’ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. ðoʊ haʊərd ɪz ˈpraɪvət, ɪt həz tu ˈrɪtən ˈpɑləsiz ðət ɔn ðɛr feɪs əˈplaɪ tɪ ˈklæsˌrum ˈkɑndəkt. wən simz ɪkˈsplɪsətli dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ɛnˈkəmpəs ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈligəl ˈsəbʤɪkts, frəm ðə ˈfækəlti ˈhændˌbʊk, læst ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd 24 jɪrz əˈgoʊ: ˈfækəlti ˈmɛmbərz ər ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ ˈfridəm ɪn ðə ˈklæsˌrum ɪn dɪˈskəsɪŋ ðɛr ˈsəbʤɪkts, bət ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ˈkɛrfəl nɑt tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus ˈmætər ˈɪntu ðɛr ˈtiʧɪŋ ðət həz noʊ riˈleɪʃən tɪ ðɛr ˈsəbʤɪkts. əˈnəðər ɪz lɛs ðən ə jɪr oʊld, dɪˈrɛktɪd tɪ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər kəmˈjunɪti frəm ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈfrɛdərɪk (ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈvændəlɪzəm ˈɪnsədənt), ðoʊ ɪt ɪkˈsplɪsətli praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪzɪz ˈseɪfti ˈoʊvər ˈfridəm əv spiʧ: haʊərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv fri spiʧ, ˈpəblɪk ˈproʊˌtɛst, ənd inclusivity*, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðiz aɪˈdilz meɪ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪθ wən əˈnəðər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɑr kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ðə ˈseɪfti, ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ, ənd səˈpɔrt əv ðə haʊərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti kəmˈjunɪti rɪˈmeɪnz ɑr haɪəst praɪˈɔrəti. rɛd ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti. mɔr: ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv lɔ prəˈfɛsər fər wax’*’ kˈwɛʃən mɔr: haʊərd ˈvændəˌlaɪzd wɪθ plantation’*’ ˈæftər ˈdivoʊz ˈvɪzɪt ˈɪmɪʤ: 40-year-old-virgin’*’ rɛd mɔr laɪk ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ fɪks ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər

document number: date: reply to: paul electronic arts ppedriana at eastl -- electronic arts standard template library paul electronic arts ppedriana at abstract gaming platforms and game designs place requirements on game software which differ from requirements of other platforms. most significantly, game software requires large amounts of memory but has a limited amount to work with. gaming software is also faced with other limitations such as weaker processor caches, weakers, and memory alignment requirements. a result of this is that game software needs to be careful with its use of memory and the. the c++ standard library's containers,s, and algorithms are potentially useful for a variety of game programming needs. however, weaknesses and omissions of the standard library prevent it from being ideal for high performance game software. foremost among these weaknesses is the allocator model. an extended and partially redesigned replacement (eastl) for the c++ standard library was implemented at electronic arts in order to resolve these weaknesses in a portable and consistent way. this paper describes game software development issues, perceived weaknesses of the current c++ standard, and the design of as a partial solution for these weaknesses. introduction the purpose of this document is to explain the motivation and design of so that it may help the c++ community better understand the needs of game software development. this document is not a proposal, though some of's changes and extensions could form the basis for such discussions. the large majority of would be useful to any kind of c++ software development. this document describes an implementation (eastl) developed within electronic arts as an alternative to and extension of the defined by the c++ standard library. by, we mean the container,, and algorithm components of the c++ standard library, hereafter referred to as (with referring to the, whereas the s in refers to standard c++). by c++ standard, we mean 14882 (1998) and the 2003 update. the large majority of the design of is excellent and achieves itsended purpose. however, some aspects of it make it hard to use and other aspects prevent it from performing as well as it could. among game developers the most fundamental weakness is the allocator design, and it is this weakness that was the largest contributing factor to the creation of. secondarily was the lack of containers designed to be memory-friendly. there are additional reasons that will be discussed below. we hope that those reading this document have an open mind to the idea that may not be ideal for all purposes. before this document was written, sketches of it were shown to some outside of the game development industry. in some cases we found that there was an initial reaction to dismiss an alternative and assume that the somebody must be misunderstanding or misusing the. but upon explaining game development and high performance software issues and comparing these to's design and implementation by current vendors, people usually reduce their skepticism. indeed we have found that those have the most extensive and deep experience have been those most enthusiastic about. we nevertheless have a great respect for the c++ standard library and the great work that has goneo its design and implementation, especially after having gone through the long and difficult process of implementing it. this document is dividedo the following sections. the first section summarizes the motivation for the creation of and its design; the subsequent sections flow from this. throughout this document there are references to the appendix. the appendix contains supplementary material which provides more detail about some item of discussion. this material is placed there in order to avoid getting in the way of the primary text, as the material is a bit and is sometimes tangential to the discussion of. it was nevertheless felt to be important that the appendix exist in order to provide a better understanding of practical game development issues. motivation for the following is a listing of some of the reasons why and its current are not currently ideal for game development. there are additional reasons, but the list here should hopefully convey to you some sense of the situation.ch of the items listed below deserves a document of its own, as a single sentence alone cannot fully convey the nature or significance of these items. some of the items refer to the design, whereas some of the items refer to existing. it would be best if these were discussed independently, but to many users this distinction is often of little practical significance because they have little choice but to use the standard library that comes with their compiler. std allocators are painful to work with and lead to code bloat and performance. this topic is addressed separately within this document. useful extensions (e.g., hash_map,) found in some are not portable because they don't exist in other versions of or are inconsistent between versions (though they are present in the current draft). the lacks functionality that game programmers find useful (e.g.rusive containers) and which could be best in a portable environment. see appendix item 16. existing use deep function calls. this results in low performance with compilers that are weak at, as is the currently prevalent open-source c++ compiler. see appendix item 15 and appendix item 10. existing are hard to debug. for example, you typically cannot browse the contents of a::list container with a due to::list's usage of void pointers. on the other hand, allows you to view lists without incurring a performance or memory cost. see appendix item 2. the doesn't explicitly support alignment requirements of contained objects, yet alignment requirements are common in game development. a allocator has no way of knowing the alignment requirements of the objects it is being asked to allocate, aside from compiler extensions. granted, this is part of the larger problem of the c++ language providing minimal support for alignment requirements. alignment support is proposed for. stl containers won't let you insert an entryo a container without supplying an entry to copy from. this can be inefficient in the case of elements that are expensive toruct. the that are provided by compiler vendors for the most popular pc and console (box connected to tv) gaming platforms have performance problems. generally outperforms all existing; it does so partly due to improvements but mostly due to practical improvements that takeo account compiler and hardware behavior. see appendix item 20. existing are hard to debug/trace, as some use cryptic variable names and unusual dataures and have no code documentation. see appendix item 2. stl containers have private that don't allow you to work with their dataures in a portable way, yet sometimes this is an important thing to be able to do (e.g. node pools). see appendix item 22. many current versions of allocate memory in empty versions of at least some of their containers. this is not ideal and prevents such as container memory resets that can significantly increase performance in some situations. an empty container should allocate no memory. all current algorithm fail to support the use of predicate references, which results in inefficient hacks to work around the problem. see appendix item 3. the puts an emphasis on correctness before practicality and performance. this is an understandable policy but in some cases (particularly::allocator) it gets in the way of and performance. differences between and first, provides a set of containers,s, and algorithms that are identical inerface and behavior to versions with one exception: allocators. has a different allocator specification which is simpler, more efficient, more flexible, andsier to use than::allocator. both::allocator and::allocator are described below. follows the defect reports and as well. additionally provides and uses some of the functionality as well, including most significantly the smart pointers, type traits, and hashing containers. second, provides extension functionality to the above containers,s, and algorithms. an example of this is the push_back(void),(size), and validate() functions added to::vector. the majority of these extensions are driven by the need for higher performance (push_back(void)), higher clarity (set_capacity), or higher (validate()). there are about 30 such extensions to the various entities in the library. these are described in detail below. third, provides additional containers and algorithms that don't correspond to. these include,,,,,,, and others. these are described in detail below. there are additional differences not related to the functional specification. they include a programming philosophy that emphasizes readability, consistency, and optimal performance on limited hardware. see appendix item 23. eastl functionality summary eastl coverage of (not including) eastl covers the following parts of the c++ standard library. entity comments list vector deque basic_string set multiset map multimap bitset eastl has a small number of additional requirements for containers beyond those containers. an example of this is the requirement that a newlyructed or reset container allocates no memory. these are discussed in the next section. has additional functionality in most of the containers in order to obtain higher performance. these are discussed after the next section. uses a different allocator model, as described below. otherwise, the versions logically behave the same as versions. the of the containers listed on the left are not modifications of any existing implementation but are largely complete reimplementations. queue stack priority_queue defines an additional_tag in addition to_iterator,, etc: contiguous_iterator_tag. a contiguous has all the properties of a but additionally specifies that the range is contiguous in memory as with an array. memory numeric algorithm utility functional eastl to here we list extension functionality that provides over along with a rationale forch item. in some cases additional information can be found in the appendix and will be noted. all of these changes were prompted by real issues that were encountered in the use of and. none were the result of speculation or "premature optimization." extension rationale all containers have a andant. much as containers define types such as and key_type, defines for all containers. is the storage type that the container uses, as opposed to the contained type. it is the type that the container allocates. explicitly defining this type allows users to implement allocators such that the allocated type is known at. additionally, is aant which defines the alignment of the. for containers such as hash tables which have multiple allocated types, additional node types are explicitly defined for the class. similarly, all containers understand and respect object alignment requirements. as discussed elsewhere in this document, game development platforms explicitly or implicitly require the use of alignments. a typical example is vector types, which explicitly require 16 byte alignment because they are an array of 4 floats which are processed in parallel in a single 128 bit register. all containers have a and function, which return the actual allocator instead of a copy of it. lets you set the allocator for a class only during classruction. additionally, doesn't let you access its allocator; you can only get a copy of it. this and other weaknesses of allocators are discussed elsewhere in this document in more detail. all containers guarantee that there is no memory allocation upon being newly empty-constructed. since containers have a function and allow the user to set the container's allocator after the container'sruction, this requirement naturally follows. it's also simply more efficient to avoid memory allocation whenever possible. lastly, there is the game development policy that memory should never be allocated "behind a user's back" or when the user doesn't expect it. all containers have a reset function, which unilaterally resets the container to an initialized (and unallocated) state, avoiding container and reallocation. a common technique is to create a temporary hash table with a memory buffer, do processing with it, and then "nuke" the hash table when done instead of going through the process of clearing and its nodes. explicitly supports this programming pattern via the reset function. the supplied allocator generally must cooperate with this, lest memory leaks occur. however, it can work safely only with value types that have a trivial destructor. all containers have explicit validate and functions. provides an option to do implicit automatic and container validation, but full validation (which can be potentially extensive) has too much of a performance cost to execute implicitly, even in a debug build. so provides these explicit functions which can be called by the user at the appropriateme and in builds as well as debug builds. validate();_status_flag(const_iterator i); see the container section for more. containers should be in a basic to the extent possible. a common complaint by users is that use void pointers for linked list items and makes the container overly difficult to view while debugging. rectifies this with no overhead. see appendix item 2. vector has a data() function which acts similar to::data() data() is not the same thing as], as the latter will result in an invalid assertion failure when v is empty. this is also in the current draft. vector<bool> is an array of. it is not a bit vector. the user can use::bitvector if the user wants a bit vector, and vector<bool> is deprecated in the current draft. vector and have(size), which sets the capacity to exactly what the user specifies. people have been recommending the "swap trick" for years, but this is an and in place of what should be built-in functionality. if a is well-known enough that there are hundreds of pages on theernet devoted to it and it has its own nickname, it probably should be builto the standard library. is the same thing as which has been suggested by some. and::​iterator are pointers. primarily this allows forsier debugging by the user andsier optimization by the compiler. a random access is not the same thing as a pointer, which refers to contiguous memory. even in the presence of there are things a compiler can do with pointers that it cannot do with random accesss. see appendix item 25. the downside to vector and strings as pointers is that some types of automated validation can't be done. so far it doesn't seem to have been greatly missed. all containers have a push_back(void) similarly useful functions. existing implement insertion operations by copying from an element. for example,(size() + 1) creates a temporary object. there is no way in existing to add an element to a container without implicitly or explicitly providing one to copy from (aside from some existing pod). for objects this creates a potentially serious performance problem. a typical suggested to this problem with is to store pointers instead of objects; however, such external memory allocation is undesirable for reasons described elsewhere in this document. list and have both push_back(void) and push_front(void). has push_front(void). map,, hash_map, and have insert(key). insert(key) is the same thing as the function that has been suggested by some. other related proposals have been put forward. there are, append_sprintf, trim, compare_i, make_lower, and functions for the class. these are practical useful functions. game developers prefer to use instead of stream and functionality where possible because the latter is unacceptably slow in practice. the obscurity and lack of readability of stream operations adds to their unpopularity. the compare_i, make_lower, and functions are by definition not locale-savvy. they are nevertheless useful practical functions due to the large amount of string usage in utilities and applications. not all strings are destined to be viewed by the end-user. allows the user to specify the node size as a template parameter. guesses the node size for the user; the user cannot control it. this can result in large or small memory allocations that the user cannot control. making the node size available like this does represent a leaking of the abstraction. template t, allocator, knodesize> class { }; associative containers (e.g. map, hash_map) have the function, which allows fast key lookups for expensive key types. if you have a map<string,> and you want to look up an entry, requires you to supply a string object to the function. this is overly expensive for the common case whereby you have a string literal which you want to look up, because passing such a literal to the function silently creates a temporary string object and allocates memory. solves this problem by defining the following member template function, which allows you to, for example, look up a string object via a lightweight string literal: template u,> iterator(const u& u, predicate); this is similar to the that has been suggested by some. an additional_tag beyond is defined: contiguous_​iterator_tag._tag defines a range which has random access, but isn't necessarily contiguous. this may lead to missed optimization opportunities. can be used to work around some of these opportunities but not in all cases and not in as explicit a way. need to provide an example here.::pair has a single argumentructor. it accepts the first element as aructor argument and the second argument. pair(); pair(const& x); pair(const& x,& y); the usefulness comes about because the is key_type,>. as a result, inserting a valueo a map requires the user to create a temporary pair whose contents must be set at itsruction. this turns out to be inefficient when the is expensive toruct or copy, as the pairructor forces you to provide a to copy from. it's more efficient to write code like this: map<int,); value.second.blah = blah; m.insert(value); uses instead of unsigned long. unsigned long is not a portable type. on game development platforms it can be any of 32, 64 or 128 bits. on platforms where it is 64 or 128 bits, it can be inefficient to work with these types, as it is on the playstation 2 platform. types such as short,, long, and long long cannot be used in a portable way and thus and many game programming standards disallow their usage inerfaces. sized types such as16_t,, etc. are used instead. has neither string nor functionality. string and are unrelated to and knowledge about themo bloats the implementation and dependency graph in a way that yields marginal and limited benefits. has find_first, functions. these are of course more efficient for the user than manually checking every bit in turn. three additional heap algorithms are provided:,,. similarly, has change and remove member functions. these are useful practical additions. and provide functionality that can't be efficiently implemented externally.::list,,, and don't cache the list size. thus the is). however, there is a configuration option to cache it an make it). the c++ standard specifies that is), and some cache the list size and implement it as). the branch of doesn't cache the list size and is thus). can be configured to work either way, but defaults to). the rationale for this is that it adds extra memory and processing cost to the list container, whereas users of linked lists often don't care about the size of the list. the user can always maintain a list size cache on their own. a future revision of::list will likely make this a template policy option. algorithms respect template argument types and are guaranteed to do so. no existing currently does so. the following code does not work as one might expect or hope with any current implementation:{ }; expensivetoconstructcompare compare; std::sort<int*,&>(begin, end, compare); the problem is that ignore the compare reference type and convert it to a value type and proceed to make (possibly very many) copies of it. this can be prohibitively expensive. the conventional for this problem is to create a proxy compare class that references the real compare object. why not simply have the algorithms obey the user's request and avoid suchs and their resulting overhead? it's not clear if the c++ standard requires that the user's request be respected, but it would be nice if it did. the currently proposed::ref could help this situation with existing, but it would be nice if they didn't require this. type traits can be explicitly user-controlled. some type traits cannot be discerned by compilers, and in some cases you may want to override the automatic view of a type trait. provides a supported mechanism for explicitly setting a type_trait:_declare_*. an example of this is_declare_trivial_relocate(x).'s allow the user to specify an allocator instead of implicitly using global new. as described in the game software issues section, global new usage is often verboten in game software development, at least for console platforms. thus any library facility which uses global operator new or any memory allocation that cannot be controlled by the user is unacceptable. allocators are named. all containers have a default name in case one isn't supplied by the user. naming allocators and allocations is a common and useful practice for software development where all memory must be accounted for. tracking allocations by doesn't work well with libraries - especially fundamental libraries such as - and builds ito the, though allocators can ignore it when appropriate. this is a case of a feature that might not be popular if it was in, but since is developed for use by a game development company it works well. queue,, and stack have a function. it is sometimes simply practical to have this. a typical case is one whereby the creator of the queue is different from the user of the queue. it is also useful for diagnostics. doesn't use char and but instead uses char8_t,, and. isn't portable. see appendix item 13. defines_size_t and_ssize_t, and containerype is'd to_size_t. these default to and signed respectively but can be configured to be and on 64 bit platforms, as a 64 bit wastes space in practice in most cases. changes that aren't related to specifications: hash and tree containers work by inheritance instead of by composition in order to reduce a layer of. it is common for to implement::set by having it own a member and route most of its functionality through the member. this has some theoretical advantages but results in asking the compiler to deal with a layer of which it may or may not optimize away. supplies in some cases. for example, the min function specialized for float can be implemented in a way that avoids branching. float a, float b) { float result, - b); __asm__ %0, %1, %2, %3" : "=f" (result) : "f" (test), "f" (b), "f" (a)); return result; } such are implementation details, but are described here because they provide a practical performance benefit to the user. it would be nice if provided such things, though has been known to do so in some cases. instead of just <algorithm>, has <algorithm.h>, <sort.h>, <algoset.h>, and <heap.h>. <algorithm> is a large file that is slow to compile and creates large object files for compilers that use the borland template model (most compilers) as opposed to the model. containers avoid function calls to the extent possible, even if such calls might be by the compiler. this makes itsier for the compiler to optimize andsier for the user to trace. debug game builds that heavily use with all its function calls can be unacceptably slow. see appendix item 9 and appendix item 10. is safe and guaranteed to be so. this allows you to safely call functions with code from others. see appendix item 11. compiles without warning on the highest warning levels available by the compiler. this might seem like an obvious idea, but the most common commercial implementation does not follow it. nearly all shared libraries and most games within are developed with the highest possible warning levels, and many teams set warnings to be errors. as it currently stands, usage of the c++ standard library and provided by the aforementioned vendor must be wrapped in warning disabling clauses wherever they are used. this results in more messy code and more fragile builds. exception handling can be disabled in by explicitly supported configuration directives. almost all game development is done with exception handling disabled. the discussion of this policy is outside the scope of this paragraph, but is handled in appendix item 19. it useful if users can explicitly disable exception handling in the libraries that they use, independently of how the compiler is configured for exception handling. header files are explicitly in an header directory and have a .h suffix. thus we have #include <eastl/list.h> instead of #include <list>. putting header files in an explicit directory gives them a "namespace" of sorts. this goes a long way towards avoiding header conflicts between shared libraries and is the standard design within electronic arts. header names (e.g. <list>) don't work well in practice as well as names in user and development environments. this is a practical reality, and users prefer file names anyway. is implemented in a highly readable way that allows to follow it. all existing with the possible exception of are hard to read. they have virtually no code documentation and use variable and function names that are cryptic use unusual formatting. this has been a surprisingly negative point in team evaluations of for their use. eastl coverage of (c++ library extensions) eastl covers the parts of that relate to containers, algorithms, ands. most significantly, it does not cover random number generation and regular expressions. entity comments array type_traits provides many of the defined in to the extent possible, and includes some extension traits and functionality as well. algorithms and containers make extensive use of these type traits. unordered_multiset unordered_map unordered_multimap names these hash_set, hash_multiset, hash_map, and. a primary reason they were renamed to unordered_* in was to avoid collision with existing extensions. this is not an issue for because it has its own:. provides some extension functionality to the proposal, the most significant of which is the function. weak_ptr these are fundamentally the same as with the exception that they allow the user to provide an allocator instead of using global new, which is often verboten in game library development. also, the use of virtual functions is avoided as well, given the potential cache miss they may cause. see appendix item 19. eastl additional functionality (not found in or) the following lists containers, algorithms, functors, and that are not found in either nor in. the containers and smart pointers below are viewed by many as the most important part of and some users use these more often than regular containers or even exclusively. entity comments fixed_slist fixed_vector fixed_string fixed_set fixed_multiset fixed_map fixed_multimap fixed_hash_set fixed_hash_multiset fixed_hash_map fixed_hash_multimap fixed containers are containers with their memory stored right within the container itself. fixed containers allocate no dynamic memory and their memory tends to be due to its and proximity to the container's housekeeping data. the user declares the max container size as a template parameter, and can also specify that if the container overflows that an auxiliary dynamic allocator is used. the overflow allocation feature is best used for pathological cases or during development when the container's fixed size is being tuned. all fixed containers have mark tracking to assist in size tuning. the following is the template declaration for: template t, nodecount, = true, allocator =allocator> class { ... }; this is a string which is a view on an arbitrary span of characters. thus if you have a paragraph of text but want to treat a single sentence of it as a (const) string, can be used. this allows for efficient string operations without allocating memory and copying string data. a can bed, upon which it will then allocate memory and copy characters. vector_multiset vector_map vector_multimap these are the same thing as sorted vectors as described in effective. the underlying container is not limited to being a vector but can be any random access container, such as or array. recall that the characteristic of these containers is that they provide improved memory efficiency and locality at the cost of dynamic container modification efficiency. intrusive_slist intrusive_set intrusive_multiset intrusive_map intrusive_multimap intrusive_hash_set intrusive_hash_multiset intrusive_hash_map intrusive_hash_multimaprusive containers are containers whereby the user provides the nodes and thus no memory is allocated and cache behavior is improved during container manipulations. another benefit is that elements can be removed from containers without referencing the container (i.e. without calling container member functions). this is useful for when a class hands out element pointers to clients which the client will eventually hand back. another benefit ofrusive containers is that is they doesn't require elements to be copyable, and sometimes element copying is not possible.rusive containers allow elements to safely reside in multiple unrelated containers simultaneously. see appendix item 16 for theerface. is a list that is much like the extension found in the branch of. this implements aant or variable capacity ring buffer which is on a container. typically you would use it with a list or a, but aant-capacity might use vector or array instead. template t, container = vector<t> > class { }; linked_ptr linked_array intrusive_ptr safe_ptr these are smart pointers which have similar characteristics to, but don't allocate memory. is an explicitly weak pointer which doesn't allocate memory. uses a linked list to store references and thus also doesn't allocate memory. uses an function to manage object lifetime. scoped_array these are array versions of and scoped_ptr. the conventional explanation for why the doesn't provide such array versions is that vector already supplies this. that's a fine argument, though vector and are not identical. find_first_not_of find_last_of find_last_not_of identical change_heap remove_heap is_heap median these are additional algorithms. is an alternative to which returns an instead of. it turns out that users often want the result of the binary search and not the just status. this is the same as the function suggested by some. identical is an algorithm which is like the equal algorithm except it doesn't that the input ranges are of equal length. identical efficiently compares ranges for both length equality and element equality. radix_sort bucket_sort shell_sort insertion_sort merge_sort merge_sort_buffer comb_sort bubble_sort these are additional sort algorithms. is implemented via the followingerface: template,,egertype> void(randomaccessiterator first, last, randomaccessiterator buffer,,egertype);_buffer is a whereby the user supplies the scratch buffer instead of relying on dynamic allocation to provide it. has curiously been shown in practice to be a good sort for very small element counts (<5), and so it is retained for both practical and instructional purposes, though also works well for small sizes. is a fast sort which is almost as fast as the (introspective) sort algorithm, but has the benefit of using much less code and thus may be more friendly with the instruction cache. not_equal_to_2 less_2 str_equal_to str_equal_to_i these are additions to the functional module. compares two different types t and u for equality. is similar. these are useful for things such as the extension. compares two c strings represented by character pointers. it is like strcmp. has_trivial_relocate eastl_declare_* has a couple additional type traits in addition to the set. of note is the trait, which defines whether a class instance can be moved (memcpy'd) to another location in memory safely. this is useful for classes that are expensive to copyruct and assign but aresy to. the classic example is a reference count. a vector of reference counts is expensive to manipulate because it triggers what we call "ref count storms" or "ref count thrashing" which slows down execution and makes some types of debugging very difficult. however, a reference count is merely aneger and so can to its new location by the vector. note that a object is not the same thing as a pod. a pod may or may not be, and a may or may not be. relocation is very much related to move semantics proposed for the c++ language, but is called "relocate" in order to avoid confusion with evolving definition of move semantics. has a formal mechanism which allows the user to explicitly ascribe a type trait to a class. this can be applied to most of the type traits but is particularly targeted at the type traits which the compiler cannot determine for itself. for example, the_declare_has_trivial_relocate(t) tells the compiler that type t should have the type trait. uninitialized_fill_ptr uninitialized_fill_n_ptr uninitialized_copy_fill uninitialized_fill_copy uninitialized_copy_copy these are the same as equivalents found in libstdc++ and its predecessors. these do operations on memory such a filling to it or copying to it and thus it as it goes. defines a generic which can be wrapped around a pointer to make it act like a contiguous. use_first use_second make_pair_ref these are utility for the pair template. is a version of that explicitly uses object references instead of values in order to prevent potentially expensive copy operations. call_traits these are as per existing similar extensions found elsewhere. is useful for implementing the "empty base class" optimization. game software issues the discussion here involves gaming platforms currently developed for by. these include primarily console, hand-held, and desktop platforms. virtually all game development within and other companies is done in c++; this isn't likely to change for many years. a number of characteristics distinguish game software requirements from desktop productivity software requirements. these include: game software always maximizes the hardware and is subject to nathan's laws. game source and binaries tend to be rather large. see appendix item 5. game applications work with large amounts of application data. see appendix item 5. console-based games run off of dvd drives, which are much slower than hard drives. game applications must execute very smoothly; there can't be unplanned execution pauses. non-desktop platforms don't have paged memory. if the application exhausts memory, it dies. the lack of paged memory means that memory fragmentation can kill an application. non-desktop platforms have a fixed amount of memory, and it is smaller than desktop platforms. see appendix item 27. non-desktop platforms have special kinds of memory, such as "physical memory," memory," memory," etc. non-desktop platforms have processors and memory caches are less forgiving than those on desktops. see appendix item 28. debug builds of game software need to be reasonably fast. see appendix item 9. game platforms sometimes require the use of memory alignment. the above conditions lead to the following results: no matter how powerful any game computer ever gets, it will never have any free memory or cycles. game developers are very concerned about software performance and software development practices. game software often doesn't use conventional disk io such as <stdio.h> or <fstream> but uses asynchronous io. game applications cannot leak memory. if an application leaks even a small amount of memory, it eventually dies. every byte of allocated memory must be accounted for and trackable. this is partly to assist in leak detection but is also to enforce budgeting. game software rarely uses heaps but uses custom heaps instead. see appendix item 26. a lot of effort is expended in reducing memory fragmentation. a lot of effort is expended in creating memory analysis tools and debugging heaps. a lot of effort is expended in improving source and data buildmes. application code and libraries cannot be very slow in debug builds. see appendix item 9. memory allocation of any type is avoided to the extent possible. operator new overrides (class and global) are the rule and not the exception. use of built-in global operator new is verboten, at least with libraries. any memory a library allocates must be controllable by the user. game software must be savvy to memory alignment requirements. memory pools are sometimes used in order to avoid fragmentation, even though they necessarily waste some memory themselves. see appendix item 26. branching (if/else/while/for/do) is avoided to the extent possible, especially branches. see appendix item 28. virtual functions are avoided to the extent possible, especially in bottleneck code. see appendix item 19. exception handling is usually disabled. see appendix item 17. rtti is usually disabled or at least unused in shipping code. many of the above items are related to memory management and performance. as a result a lot of effort is puto the use of memory. some games have been known to run with only a few of system memory free. some games run with no memory free at all and install an to free memory from elsewhere to satisfy the current request. see appendix item 18. the memory fragmentation is not solved, as many of the analyses that have been used to measure memory fragmentation have largely applied to desktop software memory usage patterns, requirements, and environments. game development has further memoryraints which make problems harder to solve. would like to welcome researchers to work with us on some of these problems, as they represent difficult problems that don't appear to be going away. we also have the following practical considerations regarding c++ game programmers: c++ isn't taught much any more in college. it's hard enough finding people who know c++, and harder finding people who understand of the kind you find in. an increasing number of game developers are young and generic programming is foreign to them. readers of this paper may have no trouble navigating a header file, but this can be a daunting task for a less experienced programmer. an implementation that is very clear is worth more than experts may think. game developers (all developers, really) need to be able to examine and trace containers and algorithms. it's not a matter of debugging the containers themselves (which are already debugged) but a matter of debugging the user's use of the containers. c++ are disliked by some because they are "tricky" and have "gotchas." you shouldn't have to be a language lawyer to use a programming language. section of the c++ standard describes the requirements for an allocator, and the result looks more or less like below. the requirement that the allocator be a class is not explicitly stated in the standard, though the requirements for make it virtually mandatory that allocators be. items oferest to this discussion are colored in blue. template t> class allocator { public:ype; difference_type; t* pointer; t*_pointer; t& reference; t&_reference; t; allocator(); allocator<t>&); ~allocator(); template <class u> allocator<u>&); template <class u> { allocator<u> other; }; t* address(t&); t* t&); t*ype, void* = null); void deallocate(t*,ype); voidruct(t*, t&); void destroy(t*);ype(); }; operator allocator<t>&, allocator<t>&); operator allocator<t>&, allocator<t>&); unfortunately, the allocator design and its use by containers make it hard to work with and leads to performance and code bloat. these are some serious charges, but in the realm of high performance game development they are real and significant. the following is a list of some of the issues of allocators and containers' use of allocators: as described in the halpern proposal, allocators are and not instance-based. this results in some awkward attempts to make them act as if instance-based. allocators are virtually required to be, and is required to be a member template. unless the compiler is very good at (and some compilers are not -- see appendix item 15), this can result in an explosion of, code, and performance problems. allocators are rebound by containers to one or more additional types -- types which the user cannot know in any portable way. thus the author of an allocator cannot know what it will actually be asked to allocate andruct. it is ironic that allocators to containers in practice don't allocate objects of the type. it is unfortunate that there is no portable way for the container user or allocator to know what the allocator will be asked to allocator or what it will be rebound to. this somewhat defeats the purpose of the allocator being on some type. allocators don't understand alignment requirements. objects allocated by a allocator are assumed to be of default alignment (usually equal to double) or it is assumed that the of the allocator knows what the alignment is. neither of these assumptions are satisfactory, as the former can be simply untrue and the latter can be impractical or impossible. allocators are required toruct and destroy objects as well as allocate them. this forces the mixing of two separate concepts: allocation andruction. containers require you to set an allocator at containerructionme; you cannot set it later. containers do not let you access their allocators; they only give you copies of their allocators. current such as libstdc++ (up to libstdc++, apparently rectified with) copy allocators and create temporary allocators during emptyruction and copyruction, which can result in performance problems in the case of expensive allocators. the user is thus steered towards making allocators lightweight classes which are references to the actual allocators in use, which results in unwanted overhead and extra code. eastl allocators bear a resemblance to allocators but have one fundamental difference: they memory rather than allocate andruct objects. allocators are thus more like the and free functions than like the new and delete operators. allocators also bear a marked to the allocators described in the towards a better allocator model proposal though they were developed independently without knowledge of the former. a fundamental difference between the two is that allocators don't have virtual functions; these have a performance cost that is to be avoided whenever possible. the following illustrates theerface requirements for allocators. items oferest are colored in blue. class allocator { public: allocator( char* name = "eastl" ); allocator& x); allocator& x, char* name); allocator& allocator& x); void* n, flags = 0); void* n, alignment, offset, flags = 0 ); void p, n); char* get_name(); void char* name); }; allocator& a, allocator& b); allocator& a, allocator& b); some notes regarding allocators: allocators are required to be assignable. the user may define a swap function for the allocator as well. allocator is not necessarily a template, nor does it necessarily have member. the flags parameter describes hints for the allocation, such as whether the memory is temporary or permanent. this is very useful for high performance memory allocation. see appendix item 7. the alignment and offset parameters specify the alignment requirements of the allocation. this is important on platforms that require memory alignment. it's not feasible for the container to expect the allocator know the required alignment ahead ofme. this is because allocators may be shared between containers and because containers may use an allocator to allocate multiple types, as is the case with and containers. the functions allow the user to name the allocator, which in turn results in all allocations from that allocator being tagged with a name. this is important in game software whereby all allocated memory must be accountable. see appendix item 12. the allocator is assumed to save the name pointer as opposed to copying its contents. allocator comparisons are significant, and equality is defined as meaning that equal containers can free memory allocated bych other. there is no function, though such a thing might be useful for pool allocators and their containers. an allocator which is a copy of another allocator compares as equal to the original allocator and acts as such. eastl containers all containers follow a set of consistent conventions. here we define the prototypical container which has the minimal functionality that all (non-adapter) containers must have. items oferest are colored in blue. enum_status_flag { isf_none =, isf_valid =, isf_current =, isf_can_dereference = }; template <class t, class allocator =::allocator> class container { public: typedef container<t, allocator> this_type; typedef t; typedef t* pointer; typedef t*_pointer; typedef t& reference; typedef t&_reference; typedef difference_type; typedefype; typedef; typedef_iterator; typedef<iterator>; typedef<const_iterator> reverse_const_iterator; typedef allocator allocator_type;; static =; staticoffset =; public: allocator_type& allocator = allocator_type()); this_type& x); this_type& operator=(this_type& x); void swap(this_type& x); void reset(); allocator_type&(); allocator_type&(); void(allocator_type& allocator); begin();_iterator begin(); end();_iterator end(); validate();_status_flag(const_iterator i); }; template <class t, class allocator> container<t, allocator>& a, container<t, allocator>& b); template <class t, class allocator> container<t, allocator>& a, container<t, allocator>& b); notes: eastl guarantees that existing container usage will behave the same under. changes in functionality areroduced only by new member functions, extra template parameters, or simply new containers. this allows forsy conversion to, and often from to as well. the function allows the user to access the container's allocator as opposed to a copy of it. without this, the user can only set the container's allocator on containerruction, and this is impractical under some situations. note that allocator parameters are specified by value and not by pointer, unlike the halpern proposal. a parameter was initially considered but it was determined that a class can encapsulate a pointer and thus act as a of a design. swapped containers do not swap their allocators. see appendix item 29 regarding #431. some operations that involve multiple containers (such as list::splice) are invalid when container allocators are unequal and an exception is thrown if the allocators are unequal. newlyructed empty containers must do no memory allocation. some and other container libraries allocate an initial node from the class memory allocator. containers by design never do this. if a container needs an initial node, that node should be made part of the container itself or be a static empty node object. empty containers (new or otherwise) contain noructed objects, including those that might be in an 'end' node. similarly, no user object (e.g. of type t) should beructed unless required by the design and unless documented in the contract. the reset function is a special extension function which unilaterally resets the container to an empty state without freeing the memory of the contained objects. this is useful for very quickly tearing down a container builto scratch memory and is a useful feature for high performance programming. no memory is allocated by reset, and the container has no allocated memory after the reset is executed. it is inherently unsafe for types that have destructor. there is no function, though such a thing might be useful for containers. the reason it doesn't exist is simply because in practice it is rarely used. the validate and functions provide explicit container and validation. provides an option to do implicit automatic and container validation, but full validation (which can be potentially extensive) has too much of a performance cost to execute implicitly, even in a debug build. so provides these explicit functions which can be called by the user at the appropriateme and in builds as well as debug builds. eastl does not solve the out of memory problem. see appendix item 18. eastl flaws some aspects of turned out to be not quite right. the following is a list of some of the things that might be done differently. the implementation the problems with::basic_string. two fundamental problems with are that it has too many member functions and that end() should have been used instead of for member algorithms. fixes neither of these and in fact adds a few additional member functions. a better string class would fix the above two problems and would also implement optional behavior policies such as copy-on-write. some people want to be) and some want it to be).::list should solve this by providing a template parameter to let the user choose, but currently it has no such option. a future revision of::list will likely make this a template policy option. fixed-substring is currently a of, which creates some unsafe situations. however, this is an implementation detail which can be rectified. the container reset function should perhaps have been given a less simple name. some new users confuse it with clear. eastl does not solve the problem any differently than (aside from it providingrusive containers and fixed size containers). the solution (exception handling) is supported by but is not favored and is usually disabled. see appendix item 18. the and checking is not as thorough as that of libstdc++, as libstdc++ and possibly other have checking for some types of requirements. this too is something that can be improved in if deemed necessary. appendix this appendix contains supplementary material referenced by the document body. in many cases the items here describe in more detail what is meant in the body. it is placed here in order to avoid getting in the way of the primary text. 1 - (removed) 2 - a list container to make a list container, whereby the user cansily inspect and traverse it with a traditional, we use curiously recurring template pattern like so in. template ln> struct { ln* mpnext; ln* mpprev; }; template t> : public<<t> > { t mvalue; }; template t, allocator> class // typically the list class inherits from a base class such as this. { public: t;<t>;<<t> >; protected: mnode; . . . }; 3 - algorithm type preservation problem the following example demonstrates a problem with current. what the specifically does is somewhat meaningless and arbitrary. struct {(const]) { i = 0; i < 128; ++i) mtable[i] = ((values[i] ^) + 128) - i; } a, b) { return mtable[b] < mtable[a]; }]; };::sort(v, v + 128,(values)); the problem is that the pass the compare function object aroundernally by value, triggering copying of it. this is compounded by debug which call a compare checker that evaluates the comparison twice instead of once so that it can enforce !(compare(x, y) && compare(y, x)). it thus ends up calling the copyructor log(n))mes. the user might think that the following should rectify the problem: huffmanhistosorter compare;::sort<int*,& >(v, v + 128, compare); but it doesn't work, because the sort function ignores the compare reference template parameter and makes copies of the compareernally. the conventional for this problem is to create a proxy compare class that references the real compare object, but this is clumsy and creates a performance dragging memory. why not simply have the algorithm obey the user's request? it's not clear if the c++ standard requires that the user's request be respected, but it would be nice if it did. does so. 4 - (removed) 5 - game source and binary sizes game software for desktop platforms and for 2005+ console platforms is often large-scale software. the source code for large pc games is usually in the range of to 2 million lines. application binaries are in the range of 5 to 20. game source data (graphics, maps, search graphs, ui, movies, animations, scripting) source is in the range of 5 to 50. compiled game data is usually in the range of 500 to 4 (not including movie files). in addition to the code for the games themselves, game software tends to have a lot of supporting tool or "pipeline" code. since games tend to have a lot of data, a lot of custom tools are written to generate and process this data. the size of these tools can be larger than the size of the game applications themselves. however, these tools usually don't need to have the same attention to performance as does the game code itself. while game code is almost exclusively c++, tools are written in a variety of languages, including most commonly c#, python, c++, and perl. 6 - garbage collected allocators garbage collected memory is not currently considered an option for game development, though current iterative generational garbage collection is well-done. a full discussion of this deserves a paper of its own, but suffice it to say that the realities of limited memory and specialized memory as well as the somewhat real-time requirements of game software make garbage collected memory currently not viable. however, iserested in the results of research in this area and iserested in the possibility of collaborative work with researchers on this topic. 7 - permanent and temporary memory a useful technique for reducing memory fragmentation which is often used by game developers is to separate allocated memoryo two classes: temporary memory and permanent memory. some games have consumed system memory completely enough that that they would fail to run without this optimization. the way it works is that memory which is allocated once on startup is deemed to be permanently allocated. similarly, memory which is allocated once for a new game level is deemed to be permanently allocated. memory which is allocated and freed in a arbitrary or way is deemed to be temporarily allocated. memory which is permanent is allocated from the top of the heap downward, and memory which is temporary is allocated from the low end of the heap. [temporary memory --> (free space) <-- permanent memory] (low memory) (high memory) the result is that permanent allocations areghtly packed together in high memory and don't create dead spots in low memory. sometimes permanent and temporary memory are sometimes referred to as high and low memory, for reasons that should be obvious. this technique is useful on both systems and on mapped virtual memory systems such as windows. the custom heaps in use at explicitly support the concept of permanent and temporary (high and low) memory. 8 - (removed) 9 - debug builds can't be slow game software is notoriously difficult to test, and it is particularly difficult to automate game software testing. individual modular components can be automatically unit tested (as is) but theeractive gameplay of an application is much harder test. there is currently no satisfactory solution to this problem and no solution appears to be imminent. this is a topic of research on its own, and until it may be some day solved, the majority of game testing is doneeractively by humans. theeractive nature of game software means that slow debug builds are hard to test and can waste a lot of human testers'me. since much of the testing involves testing theeractivity of the game, a slow game can makeeractivity testing virtually impossible. also, a slow application can waste a lot of programmerme spent waiting for the application to get to some desired state. such a wait occurs for any programmer testing any kind of application, but it often happens in game programming that the programmer needs to follow a potentially long series of gameplay steps in order to get the application to some state, and there might not shortcuts or cheats to get there. when we were usingport on some of ourrlier-based pc games at, we enabled in debug builds in order to avoid all the function calls that aren't being in debug builds. enabling wasn't desirable (as it made debugging more difficult) but it made the debug builds more responsive. 10 - function call avoidance eastl containers avoid function calls to the extent possible, even if such calls might be by the compiler. the avoidance of function calls makes itsier for the compiler to optimize andsier for the user to trace at. many of the improved benchmark results of over are due to the compiler not being able to functions that the author assumed or hoped that it would. compiler weaknesses are discussed in appendix item 15 . additionally, builds with disabled can yield sluggish applications that become unsuitable for testing. see appendix item 9. the downside to function call avoidance is that it makes container authoring and maintenance more difficult for the author, though containers tend to have little work done on them once implemented and debugged. there is a maxim that attempts to follow: write for your users first, your peers second, and yourself last. the following demonstrates the function calls involved in the function in and libstdc++. the version does some math and then calls insert or erase. the libstdc++ version class functions which themselves call functions, and so on. consider that the code calling may itself be subject to. this layering of function calls puts a burden on the compiler to which it may or may not be able to do. eastl void(size_type n) { > - mpbegin)) insert(mpend, n - - mpbegin),()); else + n, mpend); } void(size_type) {(__new_size,()); } void(size_type,& __x) { if(__new_size < size()) erase(begin() +, end()); else insert(end(), - size(), __x); } size_type size() { returnype(end() - begin()); } const_iterator begin() { return_iterator(this->_m_impl._m_start); }_iterator end() { return_iterator(this->_m_impl._m_finish); } _iterator& __i) : _m_current(__i) { } 11 - lookup safety if the user calls a function with an argument that happens to exist in a that has functions of the same name as those in the, what should do if it needs to call a function of that name? is the c++ standard clear on the requirement here? should explicitly call the version of that function or should it call the version unqualified? in the large majority of cases, the should explicitly call the version, with exceptions being made only for functions that wereended to be overridden, such as swap. the following code may fail to compile if the::sort implementation makes unqualified min calls, as the compiler will use to find the function in addition to::min. namespace test { int x, y); class x { }; } std::sort(xarray, + 10); at least one major commercial implementation has recently not been-safe, despite having otherwise excellent standards support. the vendor has been notified and agreed to fix the problem future releases. 12 - memory tagging memory tagging is the process of associating some useful information with a memory allocation. it is typically done in one or more of three ways: 1 file / line the __file__ and __line__ values of the allocation request are stored. this is lightweight but doesn't work well when the allocation comes from within a shared library, such as. another problem with it is that it doesn't tell you anything about the nature of the allocation, such as who did the allocation or what the allocation is used for. 2 call stack the call stack of the allocation request is stored. this works well but is not as lightweight as file / line tagging. as with file / line tagging, call stack tagging doesn't tell you much about the allocation aside from where it was done. 3 name the allocation is given a name, such as "vehicleinfo". this has the advantage of telling you what the allocation is used for. for categorization and budgeting purposes, the name can be hierarchical, such as with "automata/vehicleinfo". allocation names can also be used in many cases to tell you where the allocation occurred as well. memory tagging combined with detailed heap reports can tell you if similarly used memory is physically proximate. a disadvantage of this scheme is that it requires explicit support in user libraries; it cannot be automatically generated like a call stack can. each has its strengths and weaknesses and users will often favor one technique over another. however, they aren't mutually exclusive. typically and name will be used or and name will be used together, as naming is somewhat complementary with the other two. explicitly supports memory name tagging, as it is so useful. memory heaps in explicitly support all three of the above methods of memory tagging, as well as others: allocationme, allocation number, allocation group ids, arbitrary data, and others. 13 - portability the large majority of commercial game software uses 8 bit text or 16 bit text. different operating systems have different conventions for encoding text, but these have little bearing on what a game chooses to use for its text. the discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of text encoding options is outside the scope of this document, but the discussion of how to support a given encoding in a library is pertinent. char16_t and are sized character types, much like and are sizedeger types. these sized character types are extensions defined by which allow string code and data to be more portable, though they don't solve the string literal problem. is not considered portable, as it may be 8, 16, or 32 bits, depending on the system (beos, windows, unix, respectively). the standard against using for this same reason (version 4, section, paragraph 2). if your application wants to use a 16 bit string but your compiler defines as 32 bits, you cannot use the standard string library provided with the compiler. and even if you could the standard string library to be 16 bit, you'd then be breaking any code you have that wants to use a 32 bit. another problem is that there is no way to declare a 16 bit string literal if is 32 bits. also, if is defined as 8 bit, there will be difficulties if you do a lot of string processing, which we can say with confidence because we've done this. so what we do is define char8_t,, and and rewrite the standard string library to explicitly support all three types. a side benefit is that the resulting string library is more efficient than the one provided with the compiler. see appendix item 14. sized character types would be useful to have in c++, as they allow for portable and efficient usage of strings in a development environment. instead of a string with l, how about it with or instead? there are proposals for such sized char types in. 14 - why replace standard library functions? often you will see game programmers avoid using functions from the c and c++ standard library and instead use versions. the reasons for this depend on the individual case but are usually driven by some practical performance issue. we provide a table of commonly functionality and the most common reasons for it. we hope that this may help library designers understand the requirements of game software. replaced functionality rationale, memmove, for existing desktop platforms are known to be and are rarely replaced. however, it turns out that library vendors for new hardware sometimes don't come up with until well after the initial availability. also, in many cases memory manipulation functions can be improved for the case of memory aligned on or cache boundaries and thus game software often implements specialized memory manipulation functions for these cases. printf, sprintf is a function that is often by game software. typical reasons are thus: is slow because it locks and readsernal locale information. sprintf brings in enough code to make it too big to be usable on some machines such as the new cell processors. wsprintf can't be relied upon to work with 16 bit strings, as described in appendix item 13. some may allocate memory from the global heap. some (e.g. playstation 2) are very slow with double precision floating point math. sprintf doesn't support explicitly sized types such as. is a poor, as it is and. sprintf supports decimal (%d), (%o), and (%x) output, but not binary output (%b). sprintf sometimes isn't provided by the compiler vendor. or more often, some useful variation of it such as isn't provided by the compiler vendor. wcscpy, wcslen, etc. as explained in appendix item 13, is not portable in practice. if your game uses 16 bit strings -- as many do -- then you can't rely on the standard library wide string functions being usable. so games will commonly the entire string library in order to be portable. this is unfortunate, as the c string functions are usually well-implemented. fopen, the standard library functions for manipulating files is fine for many purposes and applications. however, it isn't very good for game applications, particularly applications. even in those cases where behavior is appropriate, games almost always use the lower level operating equivalent functionality. as such, file use is uncommon in games and often in games as well. the primary reasons for this are: io is inherently blocking, and games work best if io is asynchronous and priority and head file-based io is inherently buffered, whereas this is often not what game software wants. file-based io is slower (e.g. locking) than equivalent functionality and usually more limited (e.g. no buffer control) in capabilities. rand the problems with the standard library rand are well-known and are likely part of the impetus for improving random number generation with. a brief summary of the weaknesses is: limited to 16 bit values in practice. poor randomness. can't have a private implementation. poor performance.,, etc. a problem with functions such as and is that they work with types such as long and. on game platforms, a long may be an inefficient data type (as it is on the playstation 2). it is preferable to uses that work with sized types such as and uint64_t, as they guarantee portable behavior and in practice are at least as efficient as types such as and long. see appendix item 21. strncpy, these functions are too hard to use safely. we have replaced them with and respectively, though much game software inside and outside still use these. also, the or class can be safely used to replace these functions in a friendly way., locale functionality suffers from being neither portable nor overridable. there is no portable way to tell what locale to use, as compilers implement it differently. however, the differences can often be abstracted away with macros. but once you get over this you still have the problem of functions not always being helpful. the function, for example, doesn't dome/date format localization but instead requires the user to do it. again the user is required to abstract this away. another problem is that the user has no way of extending or modifying the behavior of functions like to some practical requirement. an end result of this is that game software often just rewrites functions like to be simpler, more flexible, and usually more efficient as well. new/delete,/free custom heaps fragment memory less, use memory more efficiently, and handle aligned memory better that system provided heaps. custom heaps provide built-in debugging features such as tagging and strong validation, among others. additionally, gaming platforms often require usage of different kinds of memory for which there is no portable to manipulate. assert the fundamental problem with assert is that there is no way to override it orercept it and redirect it to facilities. the result is that assert usage is verboten because it operates outside the control and in practice usually unilaterally causes the application to exit. this is unfortunate because it goes against the purpose of standard library facilities: to provide a portable standard implementation of useful universal functionality. what we would like to see in the c++ standard is a portable way for users to be able to override the assert function and redefine its behavior. 15 - compiler problems the c++ compiler is a great compiler with a lot of flexibility and portability. however, it has one weakness of significance that affects libraries such as the: it is not very good at. there are a number of compiler options to tweak the parameters, but it seems to be fairly difficult to get the compiler to do the "right thing." this appears to be a known problem and it is hoped that a future version of the compiler will address this. the microsoft c++ compiler does a rather good job of and might be worth using as a reference. a full discussion of compiler characteristics is outside the scope of this document, but someernet discussions regarding problems can be found at: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++/browse_frm/thread/b74eed16bd48d42e http://groups.google.com/group/fa.linux.kernel/browse_frm/thread/1861b2634cdfa68a/ http://www.pixelglow.com/lists/archive/macstl-dev/2005-september/000154.html 16 - as an example of anrusive container, we show theerface for::intrusive_list. the actual implementation breakso_base and in order to place some of the functionso a base class. otherrusive containers (e.g.) have a similar philosophy. recall that the primary advantage ofrusive containers is that they allow the user to provide node memory. struct_node // users can use this or provide their own. {_node* pnext;_node* pprev; }; template t, pointer, reference> class_iterator { public:_iterator<t, pointer, reference> this_type;_iterator<t, t*, t&>;_iterator<t, t*, t&>_iterator; t; t; difference_type; pointer pointer; reference reference;_iterator_tag_category; public:_iterator(); explicit_iterator(pointer pnode);_iterator(const& x); reference operator*(); pointer operator->();_iterator& operator++();_iterator& operator--();_iterator operator++(int);_iterator operator--(int); }; template t =_node> class { public:<t> this_type; t; t;_size_type; difference_type; t& reference; t&_reference; t* pointer; t*_pointer;_iterator<t, t*, t&>;_iterator<t, t*, t&>_iterator;::reverse_iterator<iterator>;::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>_reverse_iterator; public:();(const this_type& x); this_type& this_type& x); begin();_iterator begin(); end();_iterator end(); rbegin();_reverse_iterator rbegin(); rend();_reverse_iterator rend(); reference front();_reference front(); reference back();_reference back(); empty();_size_t size(); void clear(); void reverse(); void push_front(t& x); void pop_front(); void push_back(t& x); void pop_back(); locate(t& x);_iterator t& x); pos, t& x); pos); pos, last); void swap(intrusive_list&); static void remove(t& value); // erases an element from a list without having the list;). void pos, t& x); void pos,& x); void pos,& x, i); void pos,& x, first, last); void merge(this_type& x); template compare> void merge(this_type& x, compare compare); void unique(); template> void unique(binarypredicate); void sort(); compare> void compare); validate();(const_iterator i); }; 17 - disabling of exception handling game software usually disables exception handling. a full analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of c++ exception handling in game software is outside the scope of this document, but a few comments can be made here to help clarify some issues. exception handling incurs some kind of cost in all compiler, including those that avoid the cost during normal execution. however, in some cases this cost may arguably offset the cost of the code that it is replacing. exception handling is often agreed to be a superior solution for handling a large range of function return values. however, avoiding the creation of functions that need large ranges of return values is superior to using exception handling to handle such values. using exception handling correctly can be difficult in the case of complex software. the execution of throw and catch can be significantly expensive with some. exception handling violates the design of c++, as it incurs overhead in any function that has destructable stack objects regardless of whether they use exception handling. the approach that game software usually takes is to avoid the need for exception handling where possible; avoid the possibility of circumstances that may lead to exceptions. for example, verify up front that there is enough memory for a subsystem to do its job instead of trying to deal with the problem via exception handling or any other means after it occurs. however, some game libraries may nevertheless benefit from the use of exception handling. it's best, howerver, if such libraries keep the exception handlingernal lest they force their usage of exception handling on the rest of the application. 18 - out of memory eastl does not solve the problem any differently than (aside from it providingrusive containers and fixed size containers). the solution (exception handling) is supported by but is not favored and is usually disabled (see appendix item 17). there are four common solutions in game software to dealing with conditions within libraries: the library throws an exception if memory cannot be allocated. this isn't used very often because it is has more overhead and is much harder to safely use than the following two methods. one forgotten "try" by the user and the application can unexpectedly crash. the allocator calls a upon failure, whereby the user frees up memory in an way. this is a reliable method because it allows the failure to be handled in a single place in a consistent way and it only needs to be written once and the user doesn't have to worry. the user simply guarantees up front that there is enough memory. this is the simplest and most reliable method and is the one that's used the most. a common way of guaranteeing the availability of the memory is to allocate it and hand it to the system that needs it. the library and error value up to the caller. this solution is non-optimal, especially if there are multiple return values that are specifically handled. exception handling is often considered superior to this solution. dealing with exception handling at the level of the container user is tedious and error-prone; dealing with it at the level of the allocator issier for the user and is more reliable. using exception handling to properly and safely deal with conditions is a daunting and tedious task, especially in an environment of custom allocators. this is not a criticism of c++ exception handling in general but rather is an observation about using it with containers. 19 - benchmarks often miss cache effects typically a benchmark of comparing two functions will go through some effort to make sure that the measurements aren't polluted by memory cache effects such as cache misses. this is a fine approach for comparing functions that are roughly equivalent in their memory effects. a typical such benchmark will call a function once, then start themer, call it 1000mes, and finally stop themer. however, such a testing approach may yield misleading results for cases whereby the compared functions are not equivalent in their memory effects. the benchmarkentionally chose to ignore cache misses that occurred during the first function call, but in real-world execution such cache misses may well affect application performance because these functions aren't actually called 1000mes in a row one after another. a better way of measuring performance is to have a 1000 different functions which are called one after another and which exercise the code and data memory caches like a real-world application might. the technical report on c++ performance recognizes cache effects at one point in the document but seems to dismiss them in its own measurements and conclusions. for example, it states that theming analysis of virtual functions is straightforward and concludes that the cost of virtual functions is "a fixed number of machine instructions." this analysis is somewhat misleading, as it implies that there are no cache misses or that memory caches are so large that a cache miss for any code will only ever occur once on startup. see section of the report. a full discussion of the usage of virtual functions in game development is outside the scope of this document, but it is sufficient to say here that the cost of virtual functions in practice is likely greater than implied by the technical report on c++ performance, largely due to practical cache effects. 20 - performance comparison a couple of comparisons are presented here which compare with a commonly used commercial version of. is generally faster, though in many cases the differences are minimal. in some cases speed improvements aren't very important; nobody is going to know or care if executes 10% faster or slower in. in other cases -- such as with the sort algorithm -- speed improvements are important. the source code to the benchmark is distributed with this document. a reported result of means that ran 40% faster; a ratio of means that ran 33% (1/.75) slower. in practice, with it turns out that performs a little better than the benchmarks indicate due to beingsier to. the benchmark code is very simple and is relativelysy for the compiler to, but real-world code in practice often turns out to not as well. a: windows / pentium 4 / -og -oi -ot -oy / b: console / 64 bit powerpc / -ox -oi -os / c: linux / pentium 4 / / libstdc++ d: mac os x / powerpc 32 bit mode / -os / libstdc++ green: 15% or more faster (>=) blue: 15% or more faster (<=) test windows console linux mac algorithm/adj_find/vector<testobject> algorithm/copy/vector<largepod> algorithm/copy/vector<uint32_t> algorithm/copy_backward/vector<largepod> algorithm/copy_backward/vector<uint32_t> algorithm/count/vector<uint64_t> algorithm/equal_range/vector<uint64_t> algorithm/fill/bool[] algorithm/fill/char[]/'d' algorithm/fill/vector<char>/'d' algorithm/fill/vector<char>/0 algorithm/fill/vector<uint64_t> algorithm/fill/vector<void*> algorithm/fill_n/bool[] algorithm/fill_n/char[] algorithm/fill_n/vector<uint64_t> algorithm/find_end/string/end algorithm/find_end/string/middle algorithm/find_end/string/none algorithm/lex_cmp/schar[] algorithm/lex_cmp/vector<testobject> algorithm/lex_cmp/vector<uchar> algorithm/lower_bound/vector<testobject> algorithm/min_element/vector<testobject> algorithm/rand_shuffle/vector<uint64_t> algorithm/reverse/list<testobject> algorithm/reverse/vector<testobject> algorithm/search/string<char> algorithm/search_n/string<char> algorithm/unique/vector<testobject> algorithm/unique/vector<uint32_t> algorithm/unique/vector<uint64_t> algorithm/upper_bound/vector<uint32_t> 1.00 1.09 0.95 1.03 0.78 1.00 1.34 9.43 7.36 7.33 9.39 1.07 1.02 13.71 10.67 1.00 31.63 3.42 1.51 1.88 0.99 1.88 1.43 1.13 1.17 1.02 1.03 2.48 1.39 0.98 1.07 1.13 1.47 1.24 1.15 1.82 1.07 1.91 1.14 1.25 17.05 17.27 30.75 30.60 1.25 1.81 19.41 19.18 0.98 21.77 2.74 1.36 1.26 0.75 2.22 1.07 1.09 1.05 0.91 1.01 7.32 14.53 1.08 1.04 1.15 1.06 0.99 1.28 1.06 1.23 0.93 0.89 1.00 1.02 7.38 8.84 1.06 0.88 1.00 1.01 1.10 0.89 0.83 0.82 1.47 0.70 1.45 1.07 1.47 0.96 1.20 0.96 0.77 1.07 0.95 1.13 0.97 1.13 1.25 0.92 1.01 1.10 1.10 1.77 1.74 1.00 1.00 88.80 100.00 1.08 1.95 0.98 1.01 0.90 0.58 0.63 0.66 4.01 1.16 15.54 1.63 1.44 1.16 0.86 1.27 1.49 2.58 1.26 2.41 1.74 1.99 bitset<15>/>>=/1 bitset<15>/count bitset<15>/flip bitset<15>/reset bitset<15>/set() bitset<15>/set(i) bitset<15>/test 0.97 1.87 1.00 1.25 1.17 1.02 1.10 0.97 1.08 1.00 1.08 1.00 1.10 0.82 0.94 0.80 0.91 0.80 0.91 1.17 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.63 1.96 1.87 bitset<35>/>>=/1 bitset<35>/count bitset<35>/flip bitset<35>/reset bitset<35>/set() bitset<35>/set(i) bitset<35>/test 0.98 1.39 1.50 1.40 1.00 1.14 1.93 1.63 2.14 1.54 3.02 1.05 1.10 1.19 1.71 1.00 0.95 1.05 0.90 1.22 1.27 1.97 0.90 3.40 2.29 1.79 bitset<75>/>>=/1 bitset<75>/count bitset<75>/flip bitset<75>/reset bitset<75>/set() bitset<75>/set(i) bitset<75>/test 1.68 1.00 1.80 1.50 1.00 0.88 0.60 0.65 1.82 2.16 3.02 0.94 0.91 0.81 1.05 0.91 1.00 0.91 0.89 1.37 1.00 1.29 0.49 1.46 1.94 2.20 bitset<1500>/>>=/1 bitset<1500>/count bitset<1500>/flip bitset<1500>/reset bitset<1500>/set() bitset<1500>/set(i) bitset<1500>/test 0.99 1.08 0.95 1.14 0.98 1.00 1.74 1.90 1.89 2.18 1.89 0.95 0.90 1.21 1.00 1.44 0.99 1.71 0.82 1.21 1.00 0.87 1.61 1.37 2.28 1.78 deque<valuepair>/erase deque<valuepair>/find deque<valuepair>/insert deque<valuepair>/iteration deque<valuepair>/operator[] deque<valuepair>/push_back deque<valuepair>/push_front deque<valuepair>/sort 2.48 1.56 2.97 0.94 1.30 8.67 9.73 1.51 1.05 1.85 1.64 1.80 1.40 6.43 5.03 1.61 1.19 1.06 1.03 1.06 1.55 0.98 1.03 1.01 1.05 1.24 0.98 2.66 1.65 1.68 1.00 hash_map<string,>/clear hash_map<string,>/count hash_map<string,>/erase pos hash_map<string,>/erase range hash_map<string,>/erase val hash_map<string,>/find hash_map<string,>/find_as/char* hash_map<string,>/insert hash_map<string,>/iteration hash_map<string,>/operator[] 2.23 0.67 1.47 1.18 1.66 1.96 0.59 1.29 1.60 1.01 2.75 0.69 1.98 1.22 2.19 2.34 0.65 1.29 2.11 0.75 1.24 1.15 0.82 0.75 1.21 3.52 0.54 3.00 1.53 1.19 2.57 1.09 0.98 1.58 4.61 0.73 3.49 2.21 hash_map<uint32_t, hash_map<uint32_t, hash_map<uint32_t, pos hash_map<uint32_t, range hash_map<uint32_t, val hash_map<uint32_t, hash_map<uint32_t, hash_map<uint32_t, hash_map<uint32_t, testobject>/operator[] 2.95 0.90 3.41 1.94 2.72 2.55 1.04 2.20 1.02 2.78 1.34 5.30 1.89 1.89 2.04 0.74 1.75 0.82 1.02 1.00 1.05 1.05 0.76 0.91 2.29 1.37 1.38 1.62 1.03 1.24 1.24 1.05 4.03 1.96 heap heap heap heap 1.09 1.59 0.96 1.07 1.01 1.08 1.02 0.97 0.98 1.05 1.12 0.98 1.13 1.01 heap heap heap heap 0.93 0.97 0.95 1.05 0.98 1.03 0.97 1.11 1.07 0.88 0.99 1.02 1.12 1.06 list<testobject>/ctor(it) list<testobject>/ctor(n) list<testobject>/erase list<testobject>/find list<testobject>/insert list<testobject>/push_back list<testobject>/remove list<testobject>/reverse list<testobject>/size/1 list<testobject>/size/10 list<testobject>/size/100 list<testobject>/splice 1.04 1.13 1.24 1.34 1.60 1.23 1.06 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.28 1.09 1.15 0.96 0.97 0.99 1.17 1.13 1.25 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.27 1.03 0.91 0.97 1.00 1.00 1.04 0.90 1.09 1.00 1.01 0.96 1.30 1.00 1.18 1.47 2.33 1.35 1.35 1.61 1.33 1.07 1.00 1.00 3.56 map<testobject,>/clear map<testobject,>/count map<testobject,>/equal_range map<testobject,>/erase/key map<testobject,>/erase/pos map<testobject,>/erase/range map<testobject,>/find map<testobject,>/insert map<testobject,>/iteration map<testobject,>/lower_bound map<testobject,>/operator[] map<testobject,>/upper_bound 2.15 1.75 1.38 1.26 1.10 1.42 1.03 1.88 1.18 1.16 1.26 1.01 2.03 1.56 1.53 1.31 1.08 1.12 1.08 1.83 1.13 1.06 1.09 1.00 0.94 1.35 1.26 1.38 1.01 0.99 1.04 2.05 0.92 0.92 0.83 1.21 1.81 1.66 1.09 0.97 1.25 1.17 1.36 1.29 1.12 1.30 set<uint32_t>/clear set<uint32_t>/count set<uint32_t>/equal_range set<uint32_t>/erase range set<uint32_t>/erase/pos set<uint32_t>/erase/val set<uint32_t>/find set<uint32_t>/insert set<uint32_t>/iteration set<uint32_t>/lower_bound set<uint32_t>/upper_bound 1.98 1.59 1.06 0.92 1.37 1.08 1.04 0.86 1.06 1.07 0.98 2.18 1.78 1.09 1.13 1.49 1.10 1.11 1.62 1.17 1.13 1.00 1.05 1.49 1.10 1.11 1.62 1.02 1.13 1.55 1.06 0.93 1.31 2.12 1.00 0.99 1.88 1.39 1.29 1.33 1.11 1.04 sort/q_sort/testobject[] sort/q_sort/testobject[]/sorted sort/q_sort/vector<testobject> sort/q_sort/vector<testobject>/sorted sort/q_sort/vector<valuepair> sort/q_sort/vector<valuepair>/sorted sort/q_sort/vector<uint32> sort/q_sort/vector<uint32>/sorted 1.31 1.49 1.38 1.25 1.46 1.42 1.27 2.39 1.60 2.40 1.60 2.42 1.49 3.53 2.31 1.14 1.01 1.28 1.34 1.04 1.25 0.96 1.10 1.32 1.14 1.36 1.33 1.75 1.40 1.72 string<char16_t>/compare string<char16_t>/erase/pos,n string<char16_t>/find/p,pos,n string<char16_t>/find_first_not_of/p,pos,n string<char16_t>/find_first_of/p,pos,n string<char16_t>/find_last_of/p,pos,n string<char16_t>/insert/pos,p string<char16_t>/iteration string<char16_t>/operator[] string<char16_t>/push_back string<char16_t>/replace/pos,n,p,n string<char16_t>/reserve string<char16_t>/rfind/p,pos,n string<char16_t>/size string<char16_t>/swap 1.00 1.00 0.95 0.97 0.78 1.01 1.33 1.45 2.14 0.99 1.16 1.92 0.92 1.94 1.01 1.00 0.96 1.17 1.13 1.25 1.01 1.53 1.83 6.39 1.01 0.92 2.04 0.93 1.40 1.64 1.00 5.03 0.78 0.99 0.46 1.10 1.07 1.30 1.22 1.18 100.00 1.08 0.91 1.10 1.01 4.22 1.63 1.00 1.64 1.06 3.67 5.16 1.35 1.06 100.00 2.36 0.85 1.38 string<char8_t>/compare string<char8_t>/erase/pos,n string<char8_t>/find/p,pos,n string<char8_t>/find_first_not_of/p,pos,n string<char8_t>/find_first_of/p,pos,n string<char8_t>/find_last_of/p,pos,n string<char8_t>/insert/pos,p string<char8_t>/iteration string<char8_t>/operator[] string<char8_t>/push_back string<char8_t>/replace/pos,n,p,n string<char8_t>/reserve string<char8_t>/rfind/p,pos,n string<char8_t>/size string<char8_t>/swap 1.07 0.58 0.85 1.34 1.57 1.15 1.00 2.23 2.28 1.00 1.19 1.86 1.08 1.95 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.94 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.79 2.10 5.09 1.02 1.70 2.12 1.00 1.31 0.99 1.01 5.06 3.20 10.11 8.27 0.77 0.86 1.66 2.28 1.03 100.00 8.70 0.94 1.45 1.03 3.69 1.17 1.45 1.15 1.05 4.05 5.66 2.05 1.06 100.00 4.22 1.12 3.99 vector<uint64>/erase vector<uint64>/insert vector<uint64>/iteration vector<uint64>/operator[] vector<uint64>/push_back vector<uint64>/sort 0.99 0.93 1.39 1.63 1.01 3.28 1.01 1.16 1.02 2.18 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.15 1.29 1.02 0.92 1.12 2.69 1.70 1.59 1.27 21 - is not a machine word the data type was originallyended to represent a machine word. the standard states: a ‘‘plain’’ object has the natural size suggested by the architecture of the execution environment) but in practice is nearly always 4 bytes (int32_t), even on 64 bit and 128 bit platforms. 22 - how do you make a node pool for a linked list? if you want to make a::list that uses a node pool, there is no portable way to do it, as you don't know what your allocator needs to allocate: template allocsize, nodecount> class nodepool{ };::l

ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈnəmbər: deɪt: rɪˈplaɪ tɪ: pɔl ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ɑrts æt ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ɑrts ˈstændərd ˈtɛmplət ˈlaɪbrɛˌri pɔl ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ɑrts æt ˈæbˌstrækt ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrmz ənd geɪm dɪˈzaɪnz pleɪs rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ɔn geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr wɪʧ ˈdɪfər frəm rɪkˈwaɪrmənts əv ˈəðər ˈplætˌfɔrmz. moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli, geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr rikˈwaɪərz lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnts əv ˈmɛməri bət həz ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd əˈmaʊnt tɪ wərk wɪθ. ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ feɪst wɪθ ˈəðər ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz səʧ ɛz ˈwikər ˈprɑˌsɛsər ˈkæʃɪz, ˈwikər cpus*, ənd ˈmɛməri əˈlaɪnmənt rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðɪs ɪz ðət geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr nidz tɪ bi ˈkɛrfəl wɪθ ɪts juz əv ˈmɛməri ənd ðə. ðə si++ ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz kənˈteɪnərz,, ənd ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ər pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈjusfəl fər ə vərˈaɪəti əv geɪm ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ nidz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈwiknəsɪz ənd oʊˈmɪʃənz əv ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri prɪˈvɛnt ɪt frəm biɪŋ aɪˈdil fər haɪ pərˈfɔrməns geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ˈfɔrˌmoʊst əˈməŋ ðiz ˈwiknəsɪz ɪz ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər ˈmɑdəl. ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd ənd ˈpɑrʃəli ˌridɪˈzaɪnd rɪˈpleɪsmənt (eastl*) fər ðə si++ ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri wɑz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd æt ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ɑrts ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ riˈzɑlv ðiz ˈwiknəsɪz ɪn ə ˈpɔrtəbəl ənd kənˈsɪstənt weɪ. ðɪs ˈpeɪpər dɪˈskraɪbz geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈɪʃuz, pərˈsivd ˈwiknəsɪz əv ðə ˈkɑrənt si++ ˈstændərd, ənd ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ɛz ə ˈpɑrʃəl səˈluʃən fər ðiz ˈwiknəsɪz. ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən ðə ˈpərpəs əv ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ɪz tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən ənd dɪˈzaɪn əv soʊ ðət ɪt meɪ hɛlp ðə si++ kəmˈjunɪti ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstænd ðə nidz əv geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ɪz nɑt ə prəˈpoʊzəl, ðoʊ səm əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ənd ɪkˈstɛnʃənz kʊd fɔrm ðə ˈbeɪsɪs fər səʧ dɪˈskəʃənz. ðə lɑrʤ məˈʤɔrəti əv wʊd bi ˈjusfəl tɪ ˈɛni kaɪnd əv si++ ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt dɪˈskraɪbz ən ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən (eastl*) dɪˈvɛləpt wɪˈθɪn ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ɑrts ɛz ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ənd ɪkˈstɛnʃən əv ðə dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ ðə si++ ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. baɪ, wi min ðə kənˈteɪnər,, ənd ˈælgərˌɪðəm kəmˈpoʊnənts əv ðə si++ ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, hɪˈræftər rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz (wɪθ rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðə, wɛˈræz ðə ɛs ɪn rɪˈfərz tɪ ˈstændərd si++). baɪ si++ ˈstændərd, wi min 14882 1998 ənd ðə 2003 ˈəpˌdeɪt. ðə lɑrʤ məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ɪz ˈɛksələnt ənd əˈʧivz ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈpərpəs. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, səm ˈæˌspɛkts əv ɪt meɪk ɪt hɑrd tɪ juz ənd ˈəðər ˈæˌspɛkts prɪˈvɛnt ɪt frəm pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ɛz wɛl ɛz ɪt kʊd. əˈməŋ geɪm dɪˈvɛləpərz ðə moʊst ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈwiknəs ɪz ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər dɪˈzaɪn, ənd ɪt ɪz ðɪs ˈwiknəs ðət wɑz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ ˈfæktər tɪ ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv. ˌsɛkənˈdɛrəli wɑz ðə læk əv kənˈteɪnərz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ bi memory-friendly*. ðɛr ər əˈdɪʃənəl ˈrizənz ðət wɪl bi dɪˈskəst bɪˈloʊ. wi hoʊp ðət ðoʊz ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt hæv ən ˈoʊpən maɪnd tɪ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət meɪ nɑt bi aɪˈdil fər ɔl ˈpərpəsɪz. ˌbiˈfɔr ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt wɑz ˈrɪtən, ˈskɛʧɪz əv ɪt wər ʃoʊn tɪ səm ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈɪndəstri. ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz wi faʊnd ðət ðɛr wɑz ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl riˈækʃən tɪ dɪsˈmɪs ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv ənd əˈsum ðət ðə ˈsəmˌbɑdi məst bi ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ ər mɪsˈjuzɪŋ ðə. bət əˈpɑn ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd haɪ pərˈfɔrməns ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɪʃuz ənd kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ðiz tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən baɪ ˈkɑrənt ˈvɛndərz, ˈpipəl ˈjuʒəwəli rɪˈdus ðɛr ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm. ˌɪnˈdid wi hæv faʊnd ðət ðoʊz hæv ðə moʊst ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ənd dip ɪkˈspɪriəns hæv bɪn ðoʊz moʊst ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk əˈbaʊt. wi ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs hæv ə greɪt rɪˈspɛkt fər ðə si++ ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ənd ðə greɪt wərk ðət həz gɔn ˈɪntu ɪts dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən, əˈspɛʃəli ˈæftər ˈhævɪŋ gɔn θru ðə lɔŋ ənd ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ɪt. ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ɪz dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈsɛkʃənz. ðə fərst ˈsɛkʃən ˈsəmərˌaɪzɪz ðə ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən fər ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ənd ɪts dɪˈzaɪn; ðə ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈsɛkʃənz floʊ frəm ðɪs. θruaʊt ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ðɛr ər ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ ðə əˈpɛndɪks. ðə əˈpɛndɪks kənˈteɪnz ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri məˈtɪriəl wɪʧ prəˈvaɪdz mɔr ˈditeɪl əˈbaʊt səm ˈaɪtəm əv dɪˈskəʃən. ðɪs məˈtɪriəl ɪz pleɪst ðɛr ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə weɪ əv ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri tɛkst, ɛz ðə məˈtɪriəl ɪz ə bɪt ənd ɪz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz tænˈʤɛnʃəl tɪ ðə dɪˈskəʃən əv. ɪt wɑz ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs fɛlt tɪ bi ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət ðə əˈpɛndɪks ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ˈpræktɪkəl geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈɪʃuz. ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən fər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ə ˈlɪstɪŋ əv səm əv ðə ˈrizənz waɪ ənd ɪts ˈkɑrənt ər nɑt ˈkərəntli aɪˈdil fər geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ðɛr ər əˈdɪʃənəl ˈrizənz, bət ðə lɪst hir ʃʊd ˈhoʊpfəli kənˈveɪ tɪ ju səm sɛns əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. iʧ əv ðə ˈaɪtəmz ˈlɪstɪd bɪˈloʊ dɪˈzərvz ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt əv ɪts oʊn, ɛz ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈsɛntəns əˈloʊn ˈkænɑt ˈfʊli kənˈveɪ ðə ˈneɪʧər ər sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv ðiz ˈaɪtəmz. səm əv ðə ˈaɪtəmz rɪˈfər tɪ ðə dɪˈzaɪn, wɛˈræz səm əv ðə ˈaɪtəmz rɪˈfər tɪ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ. ɪt wʊd bi bɛst ɪf ðiz wər dɪˈskəst ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli, bət tɪ ˈmɛni ˈjuzərz ðɪs dɪˈstɪŋkʃən ɪz ˈɔfən əv ˈlɪtəl ˈpræktɪkəl sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæv ˈlɪtəl ʧɔɪs bət tɪ juz ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ðət kəmz wɪθ ðɛr kəmˈpaɪlər. ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ər ˈpeɪnfəl tɪ wərk wɪθ ənd lɛd tɪ koʊd bloʊt ənd pərˈfɔrməns. ðɪs ˈtɑpɪk ɪz əˈdrɛst ˈsɛpərətli wɪˈθɪn ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt. ˈjusfəl ɪkˈstɛnʃənz (e.g*., hash_map*,) faʊnd ɪn səm ər nɑt ˈpɔrtəbəl bɪˈkəz ðeɪ doʊnt ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ˈəðər ˈvərʒənz əv ər ər ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt bɪtˈwin ˈvərʒənz (ðoʊ ðeɪ ər ˈprɛzənt ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt dræft). ðə læks ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ðət geɪm ˈproʊˌgræmərz faɪnd ˈjusfəl (e.g*. ˌɪnˈtrusɪv kənˈteɪnərz) ənd wɪʧ kʊd bi bɛst ɪn ə ˈpɔrtəbəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 16 ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ juz dip ˈfəŋkʃən kɔlz. ðɪs rɪˈzəlts ɪn loʊ pərˈfɔrməns wɪθ kəmˈpaɪlərz ðət ər wik æt, ɛz ɪz ðə ˈkərəntli ˈprɛvələnt ˈoʊpənˌsɔrs si++ kəmˈpaɪlər. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 15 ənd əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 10 ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ər hɑrd tɪ diˈbəg. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ju ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈkænɑt braʊz ðə ˈkɑntɛnts əv ə kənˈteɪnər wɪθ ə du tɪ ˈjusɪʤ əv vɔɪd ˈpɔɪntərz. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, əˈlaʊz ju tɪ vju lɪsts wɪˈθaʊt ˌɪnˈkərɪŋ ə pərˈfɔrməns ər ˈmɛməri kɔst. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 2 ðə ˈdəzənt ɪkˈsplɪsətli səˈpɔrt əˈlaɪnmənt rɪkˈwaɪrmənts əv kənˈteɪnd ˈɑbʤɛkts, jɛt əˈlaɪnmənt rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ər ˈkɑmən ɪn geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ə ˈæləˌkeɪtər həz noʊ weɪ əv noʊɪŋ ðə əˈlaɪnmənt rɪkˈwaɪrmənts əv ðə ˈɑbʤɛkts ɪt ɪz biɪŋ æst tɪ ˈæləˌkeɪt, əˈsaɪd frəm kəmˈpaɪlər ɪkˈstɛnʃənz. ˈgrænɪd, ðɪs ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈprɑbləm əv ðə si++ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈmɪnəməl səˈpɔrt fər əˈlaɪnmənt rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. əˈlaɪnmənt səˈpɔrt ɪz prəˈpoʊzd fər kənˈteɪnərz woʊnt lɛt ju ˌɪnˈsərt ən ˈɛntri ˈɪntu ə kənˈteɪnər wɪˈθaʊt səˈplaɪɪŋ ən ˈɛntri tɪ ˈkɑpi frəm. ðɪs kən bi ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt ɪn ðə keɪs əv ˈɛləmənts ðət ər ɪkˈspɛnsɪv tɪ ˈkɑnstrəkt. ðə ðət ər prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ kəmˈpaɪlər ˈvɛndərz fər ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈpiˈsi ənd ˈkɑnsoʊl (bɑks kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən) ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrmz hæv pərˈfɔrməns ˈprɑbləmz. ˈʤɛnərəli ˈaʊtpərˈfɔrmz ɔl ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ; ɪt dɪz soʊ ˈpɑrtli du tɪ ˌɪmˈpruvmənts bət ˈmoʊstli du tɪ ˈpræktɪkəl ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ðət teɪk ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt kəmˈpaɪlər ənd ˈhɑrdˌwɛr bɪˈheɪvjər. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 20 ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ər hɑrd tɪ debug/trace*, ɛz səm juz ˈkrɪptɪk ˈvɛriəbəl neɪmz ənd ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈdætə ˈstrəkʧərz ənd hæv noʊ koʊd ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 2 kənˈteɪnərz hæv ˈpraɪvət ðət doʊnt əˈlaʊ ju tɪ wərk wɪθ ðɛr ˈdætə ˈstrəkʧərz ɪn ə ˈpɔrtəbəl weɪ, jɛt ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðɪs ɪz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt θɪŋ tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ du (e.g*. noʊd pulz). si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 22 ˈmɛni ˈkɑrənt ˈvərʒənz əv ˈæləˌkeɪt ˈmɛməri ɪn ˈɛmti ˈvərʒənz əv æt list səm əv ðɛr kənˈteɪnərz. ðɪs ɪz nɑt aɪˈdil ənd prɪˈvɛnts səʧ ɛz kənˈteɪnər ˈmɛməri ˈrisɛts ðət kən sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˌɪnˈkris pərˈfɔrməns ɪn səm ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. ən ˈɛmti kənˈteɪnər ʃʊd ˈæləˌkeɪt noʊ ˈmɛməri. ɔl ˈkɑrənt ˈælgərˌɪðəm feɪl tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə juz əv ˈprɛdɪkət ˈrɛfərənsɪz, wɪʧ rɪˈzəlts ɪn ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt hæks tɪ wərk əraʊnd ðə ˈprɑbləm. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 3 ðə pʊts ən ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn kərˈɛktnəs ˌbiˈfɔr ˌpræktɪˈkæləti ənd pərˈfɔrməns. ðɪs ɪz ən ˌəndərˈstændəbəl ˈpɑləsi bət ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz (ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli) ɪt gɪts ɪn ðə weɪ əv ənd pərˈfɔrməns. ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ənd fərst, prəˈvaɪdz ə sɛt əv kənˈteɪnərz,, ənd ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ðət ər aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ɪn ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ənd bɪˈheɪvjər tɪ ˈvərʒənz wɪθ wən ɪkˈsɛpʃən: ˈæləˌkeɪtərz. həz ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈæləˌkeɪtər ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən wɪʧ ɪz ˈsɪmpələr, mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt, mɔr ˈflɛksəbəl, ənd ˈiziər tɪ juz ðən. boʊθ ənd ər dɪˈskraɪbd bɪˈloʊ. ˈfɑloʊz ðə ˈdifɛkt rɪˈpɔrts ənd ɛz wɛl. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli prəˈvaɪdz ənd ˈjuzɪz səm əv ðə ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ɛz wɛl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ðə smɑrt ˈpɔɪntərz, taɪp treɪts, ənd ˈhæʃɪŋ kənˈteɪnərz. ˈsɛkənd, prəˈvaɪdz ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti tɪ ðə əˈbəv kənˈteɪnərz,, ənd ˈælgərˌɪðəmz. ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðɪs ɪz ðə push_back(void*), set_capacity(size*), ənd ˈvælədeɪt() ˈfəŋkʃənz ˈædɪd tɪ eastl::vector*. ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðiz ɪkˈstɛnʃənz ər ˈdrɪvən baɪ ðə nid fər haɪər pərˈfɔrməns (push_back(void*)), haɪər ˈklɛrɪti (set_capacity*), ər haɪər (ˈvælədeɪt()). ðɛr ər əˈbaʊt 30 səʧ ɪkˈstɛnʃənz tɪ ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈɛntɪtiz ɪn ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. ðiz ər dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ˈditeɪl bɪˈloʊ. θərd, prəˈvaɪdz əˈdɪʃənəl kənˈteɪnərz ənd ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ðət doʊnt ˌkɔrəˈspɑnd tɪ. ðiz ˌɪnˈklud,,,,,,, ənd ˈəðərz. ðiz ər dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ˈditeɪl bɪˈloʊ. ðɛr ər əˈdɪʃənəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz nɑt rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən. ðeɪ ˌɪnˈklud ə ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ fəˈlɑsəfi ðət ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪz ˌridəˈbɪlɪti, kənˈsɪstənsi, ənd ˈɑptɪməl pərˈfɔrməns ɔn ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈhɑrdˌwɛr. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 23 ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ˈsəməri ˈkəvərɪʤ əv (nɑt ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkəvərz ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ pɑrts əv ðə si++ ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. ˈɛntɪti ˈkɑmɛnts lɪst ˈvɛktər sɛt mæp həz ə smɔl ˈnəmbər əv əˈdɪʃənəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənts fər kənˈteɪnərz bɪɔnd ðoʊz kənˈteɪnərz. ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðɪs ɪz ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt ðət ə ˈnuli kənˈstrəktɪd ər ˈrisɛt kənˈteɪnər ˈæləˌkeɪts noʊ ˈmɛməri. ðiz ər dɪˈskəst ɪn ðə nɛkst ˈsɛkʃən. həz əˈdɪʃənəl ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ɪn moʊst əv ðə kənˈteɪnərz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əbˈteɪn haɪər pərˈfɔrməns. ðiz ər dɪˈskəst ˈæftər ðə nɛkst ˈsɛkʃən. ˈjuzɪz ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈæləˌkeɪtər ˈmɑdəl, ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd bɪˈloʊ. ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ðə ˈvərʒənz ˈlɑʤɪkli bɪˈheɪv ðə seɪm ɛz ˈvərʒənz. ðə əv ðə kənˈteɪnərz ˈlɪstɪd ɔn ðə lɛft ər nɑt ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz əv ˈɛni ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən bət ər ˈlɑrʤli kəmˈplit reimplementations*. kju stæk dɪˈfaɪnz ən əˈdɪʃənəl ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ bidirectional_iterator*,, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə: contiguous_iterator_tag*. ə kənˈtɪgjuəs həz ɔl ðə ˈprɑpərtiz əv ə bət əˈdɪʃəˌnəli ˈspɛsəˌfaɪz ðət ðə reɪnʤ ɪz kənˈtɪgjuəs ɪn ˈmɛməri ɛz wɪθ ən əreɪ. ˈmɛməri nuˈmɛrɪk ˈælgərˌɪðəm juˈtɪləti ˈfəŋkʃənəl tɪ hir wi lɪst ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ðət prəˈvaɪdz ˈoʊvər əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə ˌræʃəˈnæl fər iʧ ˈaɪtəm. ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz əˈdɪʃənəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kən bi faʊnd ɪn ðə əˈpɛndɪks ənd wɪl bi ˈnoʊtɪd. ɔl əv ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wər ˈprɑmptɪd baɪ ril ˈɪʃuz ðət wər ɪnˈkaʊnərd ɪn ðə juz əv ənd. nən wər ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən ər "ˌpriməˈʧʊr ɑptɪmɪˈzeɪʃən." ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˌræʃəˈnæl ɔl kənˈteɪnərz hæv ə ənd ˈkɑnstənt. məʧ ɛz kənˈteɪnərz dɪˈfaɪn taɪps səʧ ɛz ənd key_type*, dɪˈfaɪnz fər ɔl kənˈteɪnərz. ɪz ðə ˈstɔrɪʤ taɪp ðət ðə kənˈteɪnər ˈjuzɪz, ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ðə kənˈteɪnd taɪp. ɪt ɪz ðə taɪp ðət ðə kənˈteɪnər ˈæləˌkeɪts. ɪkˈsplɪsətli dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ðɪs taɪp əˈlaʊz ˈjuzərz tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ˈæləˌkeɪtərz səʧ ðət ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd taɪp ɪz noʊn æt. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ɪz ə ˈkɑnstənt wɪʧ dɪˈfaɪnz ðə əˈlaɪnmənt əv ðə. fər kənˈteɪnərz səʧ ɛz hæʃ ˈteɪbəlz wɪʧ hæv ˈməltəpəl ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd taɪps, əˈdɪʃənəl noʊd taɪps ər ɪkˈsplɪsətli dɪˈfaɪnd fər ðə klæs. ˈsɪmələrli, ɔl kənˈteɪnərz ˌəndərˈstænd ənd rɪˈspɛkt ˈɑbʤɛkt əˈlaɪnmənt rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ɛz dɪˈskəst ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈplætˌfɔrmz ɪkˈsplɪsətli ər ˌɪmˈplɪsətli ˌrikˈwaɪər ðə juz əv əˈlaɪnmənts. ə ˈtɪpɪkəl ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪz ˈvɛktər taɪps, wɪʧ ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˌrikˈwaɪər 16 baɪt əˈlaɪnmənt bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər ən əreɪ əv 4 floʊts wɪʧ ər ˈprɑsɛst ɪn ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ɪn ə ˈsɪŋgəl 128 bɪt ˈrɛʤɪstər. ɔl kənˈteɪnərz hæv ə ənd ˈfəŋkʃən, wɪʧ rɪˈtərn ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈæləˌkeɪtər ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ə ˈkɑpi əv ɪt. lɛts ju sɛt ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər fər ə klæs ˈoʊnli ˈdʊrɪŋ klæs kənˈstrəkʃən. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈdəzənt lɛt ju ˈækˌsɛs ɪts ˈæləˌkeɪtər; ju kən ˈoʊnli gɪt ə ˈkɑpi əv ɪt. ðɪs ənd ˈəðər ˈwiknəsɪz əv ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ər dɪˈskəst ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ɪn mɔr ˈditeɪl. ɔl kənˈteɪnərz ˌgɛrənˈti ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈmɛməri ˌæləˈkeɪʃən əˈpɑn biɪŋ ˈnuli empty-constructed*. sɪns kənˈteɪnərz hæv ə ˈfəŋkʃən ənd əˈlaʊ ðə ˈjuzər tɪ sɛt ðə kənˈteɪnərz ˈæləˌkeɪtər ˈæftər ðə kənˈteɪnərz kənˈstrəkʃən, ðɪs rɪkˈwaɪrmənt ˈnæʧərəli ˈfɑloʊz. ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsɪmpli mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈmɛməri ˌæləˈkeɪʃən wɛˈnɛvər ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈlæstli, ðɛr ɪz ðə geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈpɑləsi ðət ˈmɛməri ʃʊd ˈnɛvər bi ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd "bɪˈhaɪnd ə ˈjuzərz bæk" ər wɪn ðə ˈjuzər ˈdəzənt ɪkˈspɛkt ɪt. ɔl kənˈteɪnərz hæv ə ˈrisɛt ˈfəŋkʃən, wɪʧ ˌjunəˈlætərəli ˈrisɛts ðə kənˈteɪnər tɪ ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəˌlaɪzd (ənd əˈnæləˌkeɪtɪd) steɪt, əˈvɔɪdɪŋ kənˈteɪnər ənd riˌæləˈkeɪʃən. ə ˈkɑmən tɛkˈnik ɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri hæʃ ˈteɪbəl wɪθ ə ˈmɛməri ˈbəfər, du ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ wɪθ ɪt, ənd ðɛn "nuk" ðə hæʃ ˈteɪbəl wɪn dən ˌɪnˈstɛd əv goʊɪŋ θru ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈklɪrɪŋ ənd ɪts noʊdz. ɪkˈsplɪsətli səˈpɔrts ðɪs ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ˈpætərn ˈviə ðə ˈrisɛt ˈfəŋkʃən. ðə səˈplaɪd ˈæləˌkeɪtər ˈʤɛnərəli məst kˈwɑpərˌeɪt wɪθ ðɪs, lɛst ˈmɛməri liks əˈkər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt kən wərk ˈseɪfli ˈoʊnli wɪθ ˈvælju taɪps ðət hæv ə ˈtrɪviəl destructor*. ɔl kənˈteɪnərz hæv ɪkˈsplɪsət ˈvælədeɪt ənd ˈfəŋkʃənz. prəˈvaɪdz ən ˈɔpʃən tɪ du ˌɪmˈplɪsət ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ənd kənˈteɪnər ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən, bət fʊl ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən (wɪʧ kən bi pəˈtɛnʃəli ɪkˈstɛnsɪv) həz tu məʧ əv ə pərˈfɔrməns kɔst tɪ ˈɛksəˌkjut ˌɪmˈplɪsətli, ˈivɪn ɪn ə diˈbəg bɪld. soʊ prəˈvaɪdz ðiz ɪkˈsplɪsət ˈfəŋkʃənz wɪʧ kən bi kɔld baɪ ðə ˈjuzər æt ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt taɪm ənd ɪn bɪldz ɛz wɛl ɛz diˈbəg bɪldz. ˈvælədeɪt(); aɪ); si ðə kənˈteɪnər ˈsɛkʃən fər mɔr. kənˈteɪnərz ʃʊd bi ɪn ə ˈbeɪsɪk tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ˈpɑsəbəl. ə ˈkɑmən kəmˈpleɪnt baɪ ˈjuzərz ɪz ðət juz vɔɪd ˈpɔɪntərz fər lɪŋkt lɪst ˈaɪtəmz ənd meɪks ðə kənˈteɪnər ˈoʊvərli ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ vju waɪl diˈbəgɪŋ. ˈrɛktəˌfaɪz ðɪs wɪθ noʊ ˈoʊvərˈhɛd. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 2 ˈvɛktər həz ə ˈdætə() ˈfəŋkʃən wɪʧ ækts ˈsɪmələr tɪ basic_string::data*() ˈdætə() ɪz nɑt ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɛz ɛz ðə ˈlætər wɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn ən ˌɪnˈvæləd əˈsərʃən ˈfeɪljər wɪn vi ɪz ˈɛmti. ðɪs ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt dræft. vector<bool*> ɪz ən əreɪ əv. ɪt ɪz nɑt ə bɪt ˈvɛktər. ðə ˈjuzər kən juz ɪf ðə ˈjuzər wɔnts ə bɪt ˈvɛktər, ənd vector<bool*> ɪz ˈdɛprəˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt dræft. ˈvɛktər ənd hæv set_capacity(size*), wɪʧ sɛts ðə kəˈpæsɪti tɪ ɪgˈzæktli wət ðə ˈjuzər ˈspɛsəˌfaɪz. ˈpipəl hæv bɪn ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪŋ ðə "swɑp trɪk" fər jɪrz, bət ðɪs ɪz ən ənd ɪn pleɪs əv wət ʃʊd bi ˈbɪlˌtɪn ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti. ɪf ə ɪz ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ɪˈnəf ðət ðɛr ər ˈhənərdz əv ˈpeɪʤɪz ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ɪt ənd ɪt həz ɪts oʊn ˈnɪkˌneɪm, ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli ʃʊd bi bɪlt ˈɪntu ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. ɪz ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɛz wɪʧ həz bɪn səˈʤɛstɪd baɪ səm. ənd ər ˈpɔɪntərz. praɪˈmɛrəli ðɪs əˈlaʊz fər ˈiziər diˈbəgɪŋ baɪ ðə ˈjuzər ənd ˈiziər ɑptɪmɪˈzeɪʃən baɪ ðə kəmˈpaɪlər. ə ˈrændəm ˈækˌsɛs ɪz nɑt ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɛz ə ˈpɔɪntər, wɪʧ rɪˈfərz tɪ kənˈtɪgjuəs ˈmɛməri. ˈivɪn ɪn ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ðɛr ər θɪŋz ə kəmˈpaɪlər kən du wɪθ ˈpɔɪntərz ðət ɪt ˈkænɑt du wɪθ ˈrændəm ˈækˌsɛs. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 25 ðə ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd tɪ ˈvɛktər ənd strɪŋ ɛz ˈpɔɪntərz ɪz ðət səm taɪps əv ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən kænt bi dən. soʊ fɑr ɪt ˈdəzənt sim tɪ hæv bɪn ˈgreɪtli mɪst. ɔl kənˈteɪnərz hæv ə push_back(void*) ˈsɪmələrli ˈjusfəl ˈfəŋkʃənz. ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈɪmpləmənt ˌɪnˈsərʃən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz baɪ ˈkɑpiɪŋ frəm ən ˈɛləmənt. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, resize(size*() 1 kriˈeɪts ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈɑbʤɛkt. ðɛr ɪz noʊ weɪ ɪn ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ tɪ æd ən ˈɛləmənt tɪ ə kənˈteɪnər wɪˈθaʊt ˌɪmˈplɪsətli ər ɪkˈsplɪsətli prəˈvaɪdɪŋ wən tɪ ˈkɑpi frəm (əˈsaɪd frəm səm ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ pɑd). fər ˈɑbʤɛkts ðɪs kriˈeɪts ə pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈsɪriəs pərˈfɔrməns ˈprɑbləm. ə ˈtɪpɪkəl səˈʤɛstɪd tɪ ðɪs ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ɪz tɪ stɔr ˈpɔɪntərz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈɑbʤɛkts; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, səʧ ɪkˈstərnəl ˈmɛməri ˌæləˈkeɪʃən ɪz ˌəndɪˈzaɪrəbəl fər ˈrizənz dɪˈskraɪbd ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt. lɪst ənd hæv boʊθ push_back(void*) ənd push_front(void*). həz push_front(void*). mæp,, hash_map*, ənd hæv insert(key*). insert(key*) ɪz ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɛz ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ðət həz bɪn səˈʤɛstɪd baɪ səm. ˈəðər rɪˈleɪtɪd prəˈpoʊzəlz hæv bɪn pʊt ˈfɔrwərd. ðɛr ər, append_sprintf*, trɪm, compare_i*, make_lower*, ənd ˈfəŋkʃənz fər ðə klæs. ðiz ər ˈpræktɪkəl ˈjusfəl ˈfəŋkʃənz. geɪm dɪˈvɛləpərz prɪˈfər tɪ juz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv strim ənd ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti wɛr ˈpɑsəbəl bɪˈkəz ðə ˈlætər ɪz ˌənækˈsɛptəbli sloʊ ɪn ˈpræktɪs. ðə əbˈskjʊrəti ənd læk əv ˌridəˈbɪlɪti əv strim ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ædz tɪ ðɛr ənˌpɑpjəˈlɛrɪti. ðə compare_i*, make_lower*, ənd ˈfəŋkʃənz ər baɪ ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən nɑt locale-savvy*. ðeɪ ər ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs ˈjusfəl ˈpræktɪkəl ˈfəŋkʃənz du tɪ ðə lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnt əv strɪŋ ˈjusɪʤ ɪn juˈtɪlətiz ənd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. nɑt ɔl strɪŋz ər ˈdɛstɪnd tɪ bi vjud baɪ ðə end-user*. əˈlaʊz ðə ˈjuzər tɪ ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ðə noʊd saɪz ɛz ə ˈtɛmplət pərˈæmətər. ˈgɛsɪz ðə noʊd saɪz fər ðə ˈjuzər; ðə ˈjuzər ˈkænɑt kənˈtroʊl ɪt. ðɪs kən rɪˈzəlt ɪn lɑrʤ ər smɔl ˈmɛməri ˌæləˈkeɪʃənz ðət ðə ˈjuzər ˈkænɑt kənˈtroʊl. ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə noʊd saɪz əˈveɪləbəl laɪk ðɪs dɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə ˈlikɪŋ əv ðə æbˈstrækʃən. ˈtɛmplət ti, ˈæləˌkeɪtər, knodesize*> klæs kənˈteɪnərz (e.g*. mæp, hash_map*) hæv ðə ˈfəŋkʃən, wɪʧ əˈlaʊz fæst ki ˈlʊkəps fər ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ki taɪps. ɪf ju hæv ə map<string*,> ənd ju wɔnt tɪ lʊk əp ən ˈɛntri, rikˈwaɪərz ju tɪ səˈplaɪ ə strɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkt tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən. ðɪs ɪz ˈoʊvərli ɪkˈspɛnsɪv fər ðə ˈkɑmən keɪs wɛrˈbaɪ ju hæv ə strɪŋ ˈlɪtərəl wɪʧ ju wɔnt tɪ lʊk əp, bɪˈkəz ˈpæsɪŋ səʧ ə ˈlɪtərəl tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ˈsaɪləntli kriˈeɪts ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri strɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkt ənd ˈæləˌkeɪts ˈmɛməri. sɑlvz ðɪs ˈprɑbləm baɪ dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈmɛmbər ˈtɛmplət ˈfəŋkʃən, wɪʧ əˈlaʊz ju tɪ, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, lʊk əp ə strɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈviə ə ˈlaɪtˈweɪt strɪŋ ˈlɪtərəl: ˈtɛmplət ju,> ju& ju, ˈprɛdɪkət); ðɪs ɪz ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə ðət həz bɪn səˈʤɛstɪd baɪ səm. ən əˈdɪʃənəl bɪɔnd ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd: contiguous_​iterator_tag*. dɪˈfaɪnz ə reɪnʤ wɪʧ həz ˈrændəm ˈækˌsɛs, bət ˈɪzənt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli kənˈtɪgjuəs. ðɪs meɪ lɛd tɪ mɪst ɑptɪmɪˈzeɪʃən ˌɑpərˈtunətiz. kən bi juzd tɪ wərk əraʊnd səm əv ðiz ˌɑpərˈtunətiz bət nɑt ɪn ɔl ˈkeɪsɪz ənd nɑt ɪn ɛz ɪkˈsplɪsət ə weɪ. nid tɪ prəˈvaɪd ən ɪgˈzæmpəl hir. həz ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɑrgjəmənt kənˈstrəktər. ɪt ækˈsɛpts ðə fərst ˈɛləmənt ɛz ə kənˈstrəktər ˈɑrgjəmənt ənd ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈɑrgjəmənt. pɛr(); ɛks); ɛks, waɪ); ðə ˈjusfəlnəs kəmz əˈbaʊt bɪˈkəz ðə ɪz key_type*,>. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ˌɪnˈsərtɪŋ ə ˈvælju ˈɪntu ə mæp rikˈwaɪərz ðə ˈjuzər tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri pɛr huz ˈkɑntɛnts məst bi sɛt æt ɪts kənˈstrəkʃən. ðɪs tərnz aʊt tɪ bi ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt wɪn ðə ɪz ɪkˈspɛnsɪv tɪ ˈkɑnstrəkt ər ˈkɑpi, ɛz ðə pɛr kənˈstrəktər ˈfɔrsɪz ju tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə tɪ ˈkɑpi frəm. ɪts mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt tɪ raɪt koʊd laɪk ðɪs: map<int*, blɑ; m.insert(value*); ˈjuzɪz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ənˈsaɪnd lɔŋ. ənˈsaɪnd lɔŋ ɪz nɑt ə ˈpɔrtəbəl taɪp. ɔn geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈplætˌfɔrmz ɪt kən bi ˈɛni əv 32 64 ər 128 bɪts. ɔn ˈplætˌfɔrmz wɛr ɪt ɪz 64 ər 128 bɪts, ɪt kən bi ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt tɪ wərk wɪθ ðiz taɪps, ɛz ɪt ɪz ɔn ðə ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən 2 ˈplætˌfɔrm. taɪps səʧ ɛz ʃɔrt,, lɔŋ, ənd lɔŋ lɔŋ ˈkænɑt bi juzd ɪn ə ˈpɔrtəbəl weɪ ənd ðəs ənd ˈmɛni geɪm ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ˈstændərdz ˌdɪsəˈlaʊ ðɛr ˈjusɪʤ ɪn ˈɪnərˌfeɪsɪz. saɪzd taɪps səʧ ɛz int16_t*,, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ər juzd ˌɪnˈstɛd. həz ˈniðər strɪŋ nɔr ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti. strɪŋ ənd ər ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ənd ˈnɑlɪʤ əˈbaʊt ðɛm ˈɪntu bloʊts ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ənd dɪˈpɛndənsi græf ɪn ə weɪ ðət jildz ˈmɑrʤənəl ənd ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈbɛnəfɪts. həz find_first*, ˈfəŋkʃənz. ðiz ər əv kɔrs mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt fər ðə ˈjuzər ðən ˈmænjuəli ˈʧɛkɪŋ ˈɛvəri bɪt ɪn tərn. θri əˈdɪʃənəl hip ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ər prəˈvaɪdɪd:,,. ˈsɪmələrli, həz ʧeɪnʤ ənd riˈmuv ˈmɛmbər ˈfəŋkʃənz. ðiz ər ˈjusfəl ˈpræktɪkəl əˈdɪʃənz. ənd prəˈvaɪd ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ðət kænt bi ɪˈfɪʃəntli ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ɪkˈstərnəli.,,, ənd doʊnt kæˈʃeɪ ðə lɪst saɪz. ðəs ðə ɪz). ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr ɪz ə kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ˈɔpʃən tɪ kæˈʃeɪ ɪt ən meɪk ɪt ðə si++ ˈstændərd ˈspɛsəˌfaɪz ðət ɪz ənd səm kæˈʃeɪ ðə lɪst saɪz ənd ˈɪmpləmənt ɪt ɛz ðə brænʧ əv ˈdəzənt kæˈʃeɪ ðə lɪst saɪz ənd ɪz ðəs). kən bi kənˈfɪgjərd tɪ wərk ˈiðər weɪ, bət dɪˈfɔlts tɪ). ðə ˌræʃəˈnæl fər ðɪs ɪz ðət ɪt ædz ˈɛkstrə ˈmɛməri ənd ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ kɔst tɪ ðə lɪst kənˈteɪnər, wɛˈræz ˈjuzərz əv lɪŋkt lɪsts ˈɔfən doʊnt kɛr əˈbaʊt ðə saɪz əv ðə lɪst. ðə ˈjuzər kən ˈɔlˌweɪz meɪnˈteɪn ə lɪst saɪz kæˈʃeɪ ɔn ðɛr oʊn. ə fˈjuʧər riˈvɪʒən əv wɪl ˈlaɪkli meɪk ðɪs ə ˈtɛmplət ˈpɑləsi ˈɔpʃən. ˈælgərˌɪðəmz rɪˈspɛkt ˈtɛmplət ˈɑrgjəmənt taɪps ənd ər ˌgɛrənˈtid tɪ du soʊ. noʊ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈkərəntli dɪz soʊ. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ koʊd dɪz nɑt wərk ɛz wən maɪt ɪkˈspɛkt ər hoʊp wɪθ ˈɛni ˈkɑrənt ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən:{ kəmˈpɛr; std::sort<int**, expensivetoconstructcompare&>(begin*, ɛnd, kəmˈpɛr); ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə kəmˈpɛr ˈrɛfərəns taɪp ənd ˈkɑnvərt ɪt tɪ ə ˈvælju taɪp ənd pərˈsid tɪ meɪk (ˈpɑsəbli ˈvɛri ˈmɛni) ˈkɑpiz əv ɪt. ðɪs kən bi proʊˈhɪbətɪvli ɪkˈspɛnsɪv. ðə kənˈvɛnʃənəl fər ðɪs ˈprɑbləm ɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈprɑksi kəmˈpɛr klæs ðət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ðə ril kəmˈpɛr ˈɑbʤɛkt. waɪ nɑt ˈsɪmpli hæv ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəmz oʊˈbeɪ ðə ˈjuzərz rɪkˈwɛst ənd əˈvɔɪd səʧ ənd ðɛr rɪˈzəltɪŋ ˈoʊvərˈhɛd? ɪts nɑt klɪr ɪf ðə si++ ˈstændərd rikˈwaɪərz ðət ðə ˈjuzərz rɪkˈwɛst bi rɪˈspɛktɪd, bət ɪt wʊd bi nis ɪf ɪt dɪd. ðə ˈkərəntli prəˈpoʊzd kʊd hɛlp ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɪθ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ, bət ɪt wʊd bi nis ɪf ðeɪ ˈdɪdənt ˌrikˈwaɪər ðɪs. taɪp treɪts kən bi ɪkˈsplɪsətli user-controlled*. səm taɪp treɪts ˈkænɑt bi dɪˈsərnd baɪ kəmˈpaɪlərz, ənd ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz ju meɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈoʊvərˌraɪd ðə ˌɔtəˈmætɪk vju əv ə taɪp treɪt. prəˈvaɪdz ə səˈpɔrtɪd ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm fər ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˈsɛtɪŋ ə type_trait*:. ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðɪs ɪz eastl_declare_trivial_relocate(x*). əˈlaʊ ðə ˈjuzər tɪ ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ən ˈæləˌkeɪtər ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˌɪmˈplɪsətli ˈjuzɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl nu. ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðə geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɪʃuz ˈsɛkʃən, ˈgloʊbəl nu ˈjusɪʤ ɪz ˈɔfən vərˈboʊtən ɪn geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt, æt list fər ˈkɑnsoʊl ˈplætˌfɔrmz. ðəs ˈɛni ˈlaɪbrɛˌri fəˈsɪlɪti wɪʧ ˈjuzɪz ˈgloʊbəl ˈɑpərˌeɪtər nu ər ˈɛni ˈmɛməri ˌæləˈkeɪʃən ðət ˈkænɑt bi kənˈtroʊld baɪ ðə ˈjuzər ɪz ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl. ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ər neɪmd. ɔl kənˈteɪnərz hæv ə dɪˈfɔlt neɪm ɪn keɪs wən ˈɪzənt səˈplaɪd baɪ ðə ˈjuzər. ˈneɪmɪŋ ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ənd ˌæləˈkeɪʃənz ɪz ə ˈkɑmən ənd ˈjusfəl ˈpræktɪs fər ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt wɛr ɔl ˈmɛməri məst bi əˈkaʊntɪd fər. ˈtrækɪŋ ˌæləˈkeɪʃənz baɪ ˈdəzənt wərk wɛl wɪθ ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz əˈspɛʃəli ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz səʧ ɛz ənd bɪldz ɪt ˈɪntu ðə, ðoʊ ˈæləˌkeɪtərz kən ˌɪgˈnɔr ɪt wɪn əˈproʊpriˌeɪt. ðɪs ɪz ə keɪs əv ə ˈfiʧər ðət maɪt nɑt bi ˈpɑpjələr ɪf ɪt wɑz ɪn, bət sɪns ɪz dɪˈvɛləpt fər juz baɪ ə geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈkəmpəˌni ɪt wərks wɛl. kju,, ənd stæk hæv ə ˈfəŋkʃən. ɪt ɪz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈsɪmpli ˈpræktɪkəl tɪ hæv ðɪs. ə ˈtɪpɪkəl keɪs ɪz wən wɛrˈbaɪ ðə kriˈeɪtər əv ðə kju ɪz ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðə ˈjuzər əv ðə kju. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈjusfəl fər ˌdaɪəgˈnɑstɪks. ˈdəzənt juz ʧɑr ənd bət ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈjuzɪz char8_t*,, ənd. ˈɪzənt ˈpɔrtəbəl. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 13 dɪˈfaɪnz ənd eastl_ssize_t*, ənd kənˈteɪnər ɪz tɪ. ðiz dɪˈfɔlt tɪ ənd saɪnd rɪˈspɛktɪvli bət kən bi kənˈfɪgjərd tɪ bi ənd ɔn 64 bɪt ˈplætˌfɔrmz, ɛz ə 64 bɪt weɪsts speɪs ɪn ˈpræktɪs ɪn moʊst ˈkeɪsɪz. ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðət ˈɑrənt rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz: hæʃ ənd tri kənˈteɪnərz wərk baɪ ˌɪnˈhɛrətəns ˌɪnˈstɛd əv baɪ ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ rɪˈdus ə leɪər əv. ɪt ɪz ˈkɑmən fər tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt baɪ ˈhævɪŋ ɪt oʊn ə ˈmɛmbər ənd rut moʊst əv ɪts ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti θru ðə ˈmɛmbər. ðɪs həz səm ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ædˈvæntɪʤɪz bət rɪˈzəlts ɪn ˈæskɪŋ ðə kəmˈpaɪlər tɪ dil wɪθ ə leɪər əv wɪʧ ɪt meɪ ər meɪ nɑt ˈɑptɪˌmaɪz əˈweɪ. səˈplaɪz ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə mɪn ˈfəŋkʃən ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd fər floʊt kən bi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ɪn ə weɪ ðət əˈvɔɪdz ˈbrænʧɪŋ. floʊt ə, floʊt bi) floʊt rɪˈzəlt, bi); __asm*__ 0 1 2 3 "=ɛf" (rɪˈzəlt) "ɛf" (tɛst), "ɛf" (bi), "ɛf" (ə)); rɪˈtərn rɪˈzəlt; səʧ ər ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ˈditeɪlz, bət ər dɪˈskraɪbd hir bɪˈkəz ðeɪ prəˈvaɪd ə ˈpræktɪkəl pərˈfɔrməns ˈbɛnəfɪt tɪ ðə ˈjuzər. ɪt wʊd bi nis ɪf prəˈvaɪdɪd səʧ θɪŋz, ðoʊ həz bɪn noʊn tɪ du soʊ ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ʤɪst <ˈælgərˌɪðəm>, həz <algorithm.h*>, <sort.h*>, <algoset.h*>, ənd <heap.h*>. <ˈælgərˌɪðəm> ɪz ə lɑrʤ faɪl ðət ɪz sloʊ tɪ kəmˈpaɪl ənd kriˈeɪts lɑrʤ ˈɑbʤɛkt faɪlz fər kəmˈpaɪlərz ðət juz ðə ˈbɔrlənd ˈtɛmplət ˈmɑdəl (moʊst kəmˈpaɪlərz) ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ðə ˈmɑdəl. kənˈteɪnərz əˈvɔɪd ˈfəŋkʃən kɔlz tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ˈpɑsəbəl, ˈivɪn ɪf səʧ kɔlz maɪt bi baɪ ðə kəmˈpaɪlər. ðɪs meɪks ɪt ˈiziər fər ðə kəmˈpaɪlər tɪ ˈɑptɪˌmaɪz ənd ˈiziər fər ðə ˈjuzər tɪ treɪs. diˈbəg geɪm bɪldz ðət ˈhɛvəli juz wɪθ ɔl ɪts ˈfəŋkʃən kɔlz kən bi ˌənækˈsɛptəbli sloʊ. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 9 ənd əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 10 ɪz seɪf ənd ˌgɛrənˈtid tɪ bi soʊ. ðɪs əˈlaʊz ju tɪ ˈseɪfli kɔl ˈfəŋkʃənz wɪθ koʊd frəm ˈəðər namespaces*. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 11 kəmˈpaɪlz wɪˈθaʊt ˈwɔrnɪŋ ɔn ðə haɪəst ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈlɛvəlz əˈveɪləbəl baɪ ðə kəmˈpaɪlər. ðɪs maɪt sim laɪk ən ˈɑbviəs aɪˈdiə, bət ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən kəˈmərʃəl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən dɪz nɑt ˈfɑloʊ ɪt. ˈnɪrli ɔl ʃɛrd ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ənd moʊst geɪmz wɪˈθɪn ər dɪˈvɛləpt wɪθ ðə haɪəst ˈpɑsəbəl ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈlɛvəlz, ənd ˈmɛni timz sɛt ˈwɔrnɪŋz tɪ bi ˈɛrərz. ɛz ɪt ˈkərəntli stændz, ˈjusɪʤ əv ðə si++ ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ənd prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd ˈvɛndər məst bi ræpt ɪn ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˌdɪˈseɪblɪŋ ˈklɔzɪz wɛˈrɛvər ðeɪ ər juzd. ðɪs rɪˈzəlts ɪn mɔr ˈmɛsi koʊd ənd mɔr ˈfræʤəl bɪldz. ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ kən bi dɪˈseɪbəld ɪn baɪ ɪkˈsplɪsətli səˈpɔrtɪd kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən dɪˈrɛktɪvz. ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪz dən wɪθ ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ dɪˈseɪbəld. ðə dɪˈskəʃən əv ðɪs ˈpɑləsi ɪz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə skoʊp əv ðɪs ˈpɛrəˌgræf, bət ɪz ˈhændəld ɪn əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 19 ɪt ˈjusfəl ɪf ˈjuzərz kən ɪkˈsplɪsətli dɪˈseɪbəl ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ðət ðeɪ juz, ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli əv haʊ ðə kəmˈpaɪlər ɪz kənˈfɪgjərd fər ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ. ˈhɛdər faɪlz ər ɪkˈsplɪsətli ɪn ən ˈhɛdər dɪˈrɛktəri ənd hæv ə .eɪʧ ˈsəfɪks. ðəs wi hæv #ˌɪnˈklud <eastl/list.h*> ˌɪnˈstɛd əv #ˌɪnˈklud <lɪst>. ˈpʊtɪŋ ˈhɛdər faɪlz ɪn ən ɪkˈsplɪsət dɪˈrɛktəri gɪvz ðɛm ə "namespace*" əv sɔrts. ðɪs goʊz ə lɔŋ weɪ təˈwɔrdz əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ˈhɛdər ˈkɑnflɪkts bɪtˈwin ʃɛrd ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ənd ɪz ðə ˈstændərd dɪˈzaɪn wɪˈθɪn ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ɑrts. ˈhɛdər neɪmz (e.g*. <lɪst>) doʊnt wərk wɛl ɪn ˈpræktɪs ɛz wɛl ɛz neɪmz ɪn ˈjuzər ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈpræktɪkəl ˌriˈæləˌti, ənd ˈjuzərz prɪˈfər faɪl neɪmz ˈɛniˌweɪ. ɪz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ɪn ə ˈhaɪli ˈridəbəl weɪ ðət əˈlaʊz tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ɪt. ɔl ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈpɑsəbəl ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv ər hɑrd tɪ rɛd. ðeɪ hæv ˈvərʧuəli noʊ koʊd ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən ənd juz ˈvɛriəbəl ənd ˈfəŋkʃən neɪmz ðət ər ˈkrɪptɪk juz ənˈjuˌʒuəl formatting*. ðɪs həz bɪn ə səˈpraɪzɪŋli ˈnɛgətɪv pɔɪnt ɪn tim ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃənz əv fər ðɛr juz. ˈkəvərɪʤ əv (si++ ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ɪkˈstɛnʃənz) ˈkəvərz ðə pɑrts əv ðət rɪˈleɪt tɪ kənˈteɪnərz, ˈælgərˌɪðəmz, ənd. moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli, ɪt dɪz nɑt ˈkəvər ˈrændəm ˈnəmbər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ənd ˈrɛgjələr ɪkˈsprɛʃənz. ˈɛntɪti ˈkɑmɛnts əreɪ prəˈvaɪdz ˈmɛni əv ðə dɪˈfaɪnd ɪn tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ˈpɑsəbəl, ənd ˌɪnˈkludz səm ɪkˈstɛnʃən treɪts ənd ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ɛz wɛl. ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ənd kənˈteɪnərz meɪk ɪkˈstɛnsɪv juz əv ðiz taɪp treɪts. neɪmz ðiz hash_set*, hash_multiset*, hash_map*, ənd. ə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈrizən ðeɪ wər riˈneɪmd tɪ ɪn wɑz tɪ əˈvɔɪd kəˈlɪʒən wɪθ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ɪkˈstɛnʃənz. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ən ˈɪʃu fər bɪˈkəz ɪt həz ɪts oʊn:. prəˈvaɪdz səm ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti tɪ ðə prəˈpoʊzəl, ðə moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əv wɪʧ ɪz ðə ˈfəŋkʃən. ðiz ər ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli ðə seɪm ɛz wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən ðət ðeɪ əˈlaʊ ðə ˈjuzər tɪ prəˈvaɪd ən ˈæləˌkeɪtər ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈjuzɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl nu, wɪʧ ɪz ˈɔfən vərˈboʊtən ɪn geɪm ˈlaɪbrɛˌri dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðə juz əv ˈvərʧuəl ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪz əˈvɔɪdɪd ɛz wɛl, ˈgɪvɪn ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl kæˈʃeɪ mɪs ðeɪ meɪ kɔz. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 19 əˈdɪʃənəl ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti (nɑt faʊnd ɪn ər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ lɪsts kənˈteɪnərz, ˈælgərˌɪðəmz, functors*, ənd ðət ər nɑt faʊnd ɪn ˈiðər nɔr ɪn ðə kənˈteɪnərz ənd smɑrt ˈpɔɪntərz bɪˈloʊ ər vjud baɪ ˈmɛni ɛz ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrt əv ənd səm ˈjuzərz juz ðiz mɔr ˈɔfən ðən ˈrɛgjələr kənˈteɪnərz ər ˈivɪn ɪkˈsklusɪvli. ˈɛntɪti ˈkɑmɛnts fɪkst kənˈteɪnərz ər kənˈteɪnərz wɪθ ðɛr ˈmɛməri stɔrd raɪt wɪˈθɪn ðə kənˈteɪnər ˌɪtˈsɛlf. fɪkst kənˈteɪnərz ˈæləˌkeɪt noʊ daɪˈnæmɪk ˈmɛməri ənd ðɛr ˈmɛməri tɛndz tɪ bi du tɪ ɪts ənd prɑkˈsɪməti tɪ ðə kənˈteɪnərz ˈhaʊˌskipɪŋ ˈdætə. ðə ˈjuzər dɪˈklɛrz ðə mæks kənˈteɪnər saɪz ɛz ə ˈtɛmplət pərˈæmətər, ənd kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ðət ɪf ðə kənˈteɪnər ˈoʊvərˌfloʊz ðət ən ɑgˈzɪljəri daɪˈnæmɪk ˈæləˌkeɪtər ɪz juzd. ðə ˌoʊvərˈfloʊ ˌæləˈkeɪʃən ˈfiʧər ɪz bɛst juzd fər ˌpæθəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈkeɪsɪz ər ˈdʊrɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpmənt wɪn ðə kənˈteɪnərz fɪkst saɪz ɪz biɪŋ tund. ɔl fɪkst kənˈteɪnərz hæv mɑrk ˈtrækɪŋ tɪ əˈsɪst ɪn saɪz ˈtunɪŋ. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ðə ˈtɛmplət ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən fər: ˈtɛmplət ti, nodecount*, tru, ˈæləˌkeɪtər eastlallocator*> klæs ðɪs ɪz ə strɪŋ wɪʧ ɪz ə vju ɔn ən ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri spæn əv ˈkɛrɪktərz. ðəs ɪf ju hæv ə ˈpɛrəˌgræf əv tɛkst bət wɔnt tɪ trit ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈsɛntəns əv ɪt ɛz ə (const*) strɪŋ, kən bi juzd. ðɪs əˈlaʊz fər ɪˈfɪʃənt strɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz wɪˈθaʊt ˈæləˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈmɛməri ənd ˈkɑpiɪŋ strɪŋ ˈdætə. ə kən bi resized*, əˈpɑn wɪʧ ɪt wɪl ðɛn ˈæləˌkeɪt ˈmɛməri ənd ˈkɑpi ˈkɛrɪktərz. ðiz ər ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɛz ˈsɔrtɪd ˈvɛktərz ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ˈifɛktɪv. ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ kənˈteɪnər ɪz nɑt ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ biɪŋ ə ˈvɛktər bət kən bi ˈɛni ˈrændəm ˈækˌsɛs kənˈteɪnər, səʧ ɛz ər əreɪ. ˈriˌkɔl ðət ðə ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪk əv ðiz kənˈteɪnərz ɪz ðət ðeɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈmɛməri ɪˈfɪʃənsi ənd loʊˈkæləti æt ðə kɔst əv daɪˈnæmɪk kənˈteɪnər ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən ɪˈfɪʃənsi. ˌɪnˈtrusɪv kənˈteɪnərz ər kənˈteɪnərz wɛrˈbaɪ ðə ˈjuzər prəˈvaɪdz ðə noʊdz ənd ðəs noʊ ˈmɛməri ɪz ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ənd kæˈʃeɪ bɪˈheɪvjər ɪz ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈdʊrɪŋ kənˈteɪnər məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃənz. əˈnəðər ˈbɛnəfɪt ɪz ðət ˈɛləmənts kən bi riˈmuvd frəm kənˈteɪnərz wɪˈθaʊt ˈrɛfərənsɪŋ ðə kənˈteɪnər (i.e*. wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɔlɪŋ kənˈteɪnər ˈmɛmbər ˈfəŋkʃənz). ðɪs ɪz ˈjusfəl fər wɪn ə klæs hænz aʊt ˈɛləmənt ˈpɔɪntərz tɪ klaɪənts wɪʧ ðə klaɪənt wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli hænd bæk. əˈnəðər ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ˌɪnˈtrusɪv kənˈteɪnərz ɪz ðət ɪz ðeɪ ˈdəzənt ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈɛləmənts tɪ bi copyable*, ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈɛləmənt ˈkɑpiɪŋ ɪz nɑt ˈpɑsəbəl. ˌɪnˈtrusɪv kənˈteɪnərz əˈlaʊ ˈɛləmənts tɪ ˈseɪfli rɪˈzaɪd ɪn ˈməltəpəl ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd kənˈteɪnərz ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 16 fər ðə ˈɪnərˌfeɪs. ɪz ə lɪst ðət ɪz məʧ laɪk ðə ɪkˈstɛnʃən faʊnd ɪn ðə brænʧ əv. ðɪs ˈɪmpləmənts ə ˈkɑnstənt ər ˈvɛriəbəl kəˈpæsɪti rɪŋ ˈbəfər wɪʧ ɪz ɔn ə kənˈteɪnər. ˈtɪpɪkəli ju wʊd juz ɪt wɪθ ə lɪst ər ə, bət ə maɪt juz ˈvɛktər ər əreɪ ˌɪnˈstɛd. ˈtɛmplət ti, kənˈteɪnər vector<t*> klæs ðiz ər smɑrt ˈpɔɪntərz wɪʧ hæv ˈsɪmələr ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks tɪ, bət doʊnt ˈæləˌkeɪt ˈmɛməri. ɪz ən ɪkˈsplɪsətli wik ˈpɔɪntər wɪʧ ˈdəzənt ˈæləˌkeɪt ˈmɛməri. ˈjuzɪz ə lɪŋkt lɪst tɪ stɔr ˈrɛfərənsɪz ənd ðəs ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdəzənt ˈæləˌkeɪt ˈmɛməri. ˈjuzɪz ən ˈfəŋkʃən tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm. ðiz ər əreɪ ˈvərʒənz əv ənd scoped_ptr*. ðə kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər waɪ ðə ˈdəzənt prəˈvaɪd səʧ əreɪ ˈvərʒənz ɪz ðət ˈvɛktər ɔˈrɛdi səˈplaɪz ðɪs. ðæts ə faɪn ˈɑrgjəmənt, ðoʊ ˈvɛktər ənd ər nɑt aɪˈdɛntɪkəl. aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ˈmidiən ðiz ər əˈdɪʃənəl ˈælgərˌɪðəmz. ɪz ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ wɪʧ rɪˈtərnz ən ˌɪnˈstɛd əv. ɪt tərnz aʊt ðət ˈjuzərz ˈɔfən wɔnt ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˈbaɪnəˌri sərʧ ənd nɑt ðə ʤɪst ˈstætəs. ðɪs ɪz ðə seɪm ɛz ðə ˈfəŋkʃən səˈʤɛstɪd baɪ səm. aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ɪz ən ˈælgərˌɪðəm wɪʧ ɪz laɪk ðə ˈikwəl ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɪkˈsɛpt ɪt ˈdəzənt ðət ðə ˈɪnˌpʊt ˈreɪnʤɪz ər əv ˈikwəl lɛŋθ. aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ɪˈfɪʃəntli kəmˈpɛrz ˈreɪnʤɪz fər boʊθ lɛŋθ ɪkˈwɑləti ənd ˈɛləmənt ɪkˈwɑləti. ðiz ər əˈdɪʃənəl sɔrt ˈælgərˌɪðəmz. ɪz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ˈviə ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈɪnərˌfeɪs: ˈtɛmplət,, integertype*> vɔɪd fərst, læst, ˈbəfər,, integertype*); ɪz ə wɛrˈbaɪ ðə ˈjuzər səˈplaɪz ðə skræʧ ˈbəfər ˌɪnˈstɛd əv riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn daɪˈnæmɪk ˌæləˈkeɪʃən tɪ prəˈvaɪd ɪt. həz ˈkjʊriəsli bɪn ʃoʊn ɪn ˈpræktɪs tɪ bi ə gʊd sɔrt fər ˈvɛri smɔl ˈɛləmənt kaʊnts 5 ənd soʊ ɪt ɪz rɪˈteɪnd fər boʊθ ˈpræktɪkəl ənd ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənəl ˈpərpəsɪz, ðoʊ ˈɔlsoʊ wərks wɛl fər smɔl ˈsaɪzɪz. ɪz ə fæst sɔrt wɪʧ ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɛz fæst ɛz ðə (ˌɪntrəˈspɛktɪv) sɔrt ˈælgərˌɪðəm, bət həz ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ˈjuzɪŋ məʧ lɛs koʊd ənd ðəs meɪ bi mɔr ˈfrɛndli wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən kæˈʃeɪ. ðiz ər əˈdɪʃənz tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈmɑʤul. kəmˈpɛrz tu ˈdɪfərənt taɪps ti ənd ju fər ɪkˈwɑləti. ɪz ˈsɪmələr. ðiz ər ˈjusfəl fər θɪŋz səʧ ɛz ðə ɪkˈstɛnʃən. kəmˈpɛrz tu si strɪŋz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ ˈkɛrɪktər ˈpɔɪntərz. ɪt ɪz laɪk strcmp*. həz ə ˈkəpəl əˈdɪʃənəl taɪp treɪts ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə sɛt. əv noʊt ɪz ðə treɪt, wɪʧ dɪˈfaɪnz ˈwɛðər ə klæs ˈɪnstəns kən bi muvd (memcpy'd*) tɪ əˈnəðər loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪn ˈmɛməri ˈseɪfli. ðɪs ɪz ˈjusfəl fər ˈklæsɪz ðət ər ɪkˈspɛnsɪv tɪ ˈkɑpi ˈkɑnstrəkt ənd əˈsaɪn bət ər ˈizi tɪ. ðə ˈklæsɪk ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪz ə ˈrɛfərəns kaʊnt. ə ˈvɛktər əv ˈrɛfərəns kaʊnts ɪz ɪkˈspɛnsɪv tɪ məˈnɪpjəˌleɪt bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈtrɪgərz wət wi kɔl "rɛf kaʊnt stɔrmz" ər "rɛf kaʊnt θˈræʃɪŋ" wɪʧ sloʊz daʊn ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən ənd meɪks səm taɪps əv diˈbəgɪŋ ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə ˈrɛfərəns kaʊnt ɪz ˈmɪrli ən ˈɪntəʤər ənd soʊ kən tɪ ɪts nu loʊˈkeɪʃən baɪ ðə ˈvɛktər. noʊt ðət ə ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪz nɑt ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɛz ə pɑd. ə pɑd meɪ ər meɪ nɑt bi, ənd ə meɪ ər meɪ nɑt bi. ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən ɪz ˈvɛri məʧ rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ muv sɪˈmæntɪks prəˈpoʊzd fər ðə si++ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, bət ɪz kɔld "ˌriˈloʊkeɪt" ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈvɔɪd kənfˈjuʒən wɪθ ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv muv sɪˈmæntɪks. həz ə ˈfɔrməl ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm wɪʧ əˈlaʊz ðə ˈjuzər tɪ ɪkˈsplɪsətli əˈskraɪb ə taɪp treɪt tɪ ə klæs. ðɪs kən bi əˈplaɪd tɪ moʊst əv ðə taɪp treɪts bət ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈtɑrgətɪd æt ðə taɪp treɪts wɪʧ ðə kəmˈpaɪlər ˈkænɑt dɪˈtərmən fər ˌɪtˈsɛlf. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə eastl_declare_has_trivial_relocate(t*) tɛlz ðə kəmˈpaɪlər ðət taɪp ti ʃʊd hæv ðə taɪp treɪt. ðiz ər ðə seɪm ɛz ɪkˈwɪvələnts faʊnd ɪn libstdc*++ ənd ɪts ˈprɛdəˌsɛsərz. ðiz du ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɔn ˈmɛməri səʧ ə ˈfɪlɪŋ tɪ ɪt ər ˈkɑpiɪŋ tɪ ɪt ənd ðəs ɪt ɛz ɪt goʊz. dɪˈfaɪnz ə ʤəˈnɛrɪk wɪʧ kən bi ræpt əraʊnd ə ˈpɔɪntər tɪ meɪk ɪt ækt laɪk ə kənˈtɪgjuəs. ðiz ər juˈtɪləti fər ðə pɛr ˈtɛmplət. ɪz ə ˈvərʒən əv ðət ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˈjuzɪz ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈvæljuz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ prɪˈvɛnt pəˈtɛnʃəli ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈkɑpi ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ðiz ər ɛz pər ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈsɪmələr ɪkˈstɛnʃənz faʊnd ˈɛlsˌwɛr. ɪz ˈjusfəl fər ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ðə "ˈɛmti beɪs klæs" ɑptɪmɪˈzeɪʃən. geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɪʃuz ðə dɪˈskəʃən hir ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrmz ˈkərəntli dɪˈvɛləpt fər baɪ. ðiz ˌɪnˈklud praɪˈmɛrəli ˈkɑnsoʊl, ˈhænˌdhɛld, ənd ˈdɛskˌtɑp ˈplætˌfɔrmz. ˈvərʧuəli ɔl geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt wɪˈθɪn ənd ˈəðər ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪz dən ɪn si++; ðɪs ˈɪzənt ˈlaɪkli tɪ ʧeɪnʤ fər ˈmɛni jɪrz. ə ˈnəmbər əv ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr rɪkˈwaɪrmənts frəm ˈdɛskˌtɑp ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti ˈsɔfˌwɛr rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ðiz ˌɪnˈklud: geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈmæksəˌmaɪzɪz ðə ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ənd ɪz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈneɪθənz lɔz. geɪm sɔrs ənd ˈbaɪnəˌriz tɛnd tɪ bi ˈrəðər lɑrʤ. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 5 geɪm ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz wərk wɪθ lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnts əv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈdætə. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 5 geɪmz rən ɔf əv ˌdiˌviˈdi draɪvz, wɪʧ ər məʧ sloʊər ðən hɑrd draɪvz. geɪm ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz məst ˈɛksəˌkjut ˈvɛri sˈmuðli; ðɛr kænt bi ənˈplænd ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən ˈpɔzɪz. ˈplætˌfɔrmz doʊnt hæv peɪʤd ˈmɛməri. ɪf ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ɪgˈzɔsts ˈmɛməri, ɪt daɪz. ðə læk əv peɪʤd ˈmɛməri minz ðət ˈmɛməri ˌfrægmənˈteɪʃən kən kɪl ən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. ˈplætˌfɔrmz hæv ə fɪkst əˈmaʊnt əv ˈmɛməri, ənd ɪt ɪz sˈmɔlər ðən ˈdɛskˌtɑp ˈplætˌfɔrmz. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 27 ˈplætˌfɔrmz hæv ˈspɛʃəl kaɪnz əv ˈmɛməri, səʧ ɛz "ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈmɛməri," ˈmɛməri," ˈmɛməri," ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ˈplætˌfɔrmz hæv ˈprɑˌsɛsərz ənd ˈmɛməri ˈkæʃɪz ər lɛs fərˈgɪvɪŋ ðən ðoʊz ɔn ˈdɛskˌtɑps. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 28 diˈbəg bɪldz əv geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr nid tɪ bi ˈrizənəbli fæst. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 9 geɪm ˈplætˌfɔrmz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˌrikˈwaɪər ðə juz əv ˈmɛməri əˈlaɪnmənt. ðə əˈbəv kənˈdɪʃənz lɛd tɪ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ rɪˈzəlts: noʊ ˈmætər haʊ ˈpaʊərfəl ˈɛni geɪm kəmˈpjutər ˈɛvər gɪts, ɪt wɪl ˈnɛvər hæv ˈɛni fri ˈmɛməri ər ˈsaɪkəlz. geɪm dɪˈvɛləpərz ər ˈvɛri kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ˈsɔfˌwɛr pərˈfɔrməns ənd ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈpræktɪsɪz. geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɔfən ˈdəzənt juz kənˈvɛnʃənəl dɪsk aɪoʊ səʧ ɛz <stdio.h*> ər <fstream*> bət ˈjuzɪz ˈeɪˈsɪŋkrənəs aɪoʊ. geɪm ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ˈkænɑt lik ˈmɛməri. ɪf ən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən liks ˈivɪn ə smɔl əˈmaʊnt əv ˈmɛməri, ɪt ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli daɪz. ˈɛvəri baɪt əv ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ˈmɛməri məst bi əˈkaʊntɪd fər ənd trackable*. ðɪs ɪz ˈpɑrtli tɪ əˈsɪst ɪn lik dɪˈtɛkʃən bət ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs ˈbəʤɪtɪŋ. geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈrɛrli ˈjuzɪz hips bət ˈjuzɪz ˈkəstəm hips ˌɪnˈstɛd. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 26 ə lɔt əv ˈɛfərt ɪz ɪkˈspɛndɪd ɪn rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈmɛməri ˌfrægmənˈteɪʃən. ə lɔt əv ˈɛfərt ɪz ɪkˈspɛndɪd ɪn kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈmɛməri æˈnælɪsɪs tulz ənd diˈbəgɪŋ hips. ə lɔt əv ˈɛfərt ɪz ɪkˈspɛndɪd ɪn ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ sɔrs ənd ˈdætə bɪld taɪmz. ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən koʊd ənd ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ˈkænɑt bi ˈvɛri sloʊ ɪn diˈbəg bɪldz. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 9 ˈmɛməri ˌæləˈkeɪʃən əv ˈɛni taɪp ɪz əˈvɔɪdɪd tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈɑpərˌeɪtər nu ˈoʊvərˌraɪdz (klæs ənd ˈgloʊbəl) ər ðə rul ənd nɑt ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən. juz əv ˈbɪlˌtɪn ˈgloʊbəl ˈɑpərˌeɪtər nu ɪz vərˈboʊtən, æt list wɪθ ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz. ˈɛni ˈmɛməri ə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈæləˌkeɪts məst bi kənˈtroʊləbəl baɪ ðə ˈjuzər. geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr məst bi ˈsævi tɪ ˈmɛməri əˈlaɪnmənt rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ˈmɛməri pulz ər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz juzd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˌfrægmənˈteɪʃən, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðeɪ ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli weɪst səm ˈmɛməri ðɛmˈsɛlvz. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 26 ˈbrænʧɪŋ (if/else/while/for/do*) ɪz əˈvɔɪdɪd tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ˈpɑsəbəl, əˈspɛʃəli ˈbrænʧɪz. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 28 ˈvərʧuəl ˈfəŋkʃənz ər əˈvɔɪdɪd tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ˈpɑsəbəl, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ˈbɑtəlˌnɛk koʊd. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 19 ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli dɪˈseɪbəld. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 17 ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli dɪˈseɪbəld ər æt list ənˈjuzd ɪn ˈʃɪpɪŋ koʊd. ˈmɛni əv ðə əˈbəv ˈaɪtəmz ər rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈmɛməri ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd pərˈfɔrməns. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt ə lɔt əv ˈɛfərt ɪz pʊt ˈɪntu ðə juz əv ˈmɛməri. səm geɪmz hæv bɪn noʊn tɪ rən wɪθ ˈoʊnli ə fju əv ˈsɪstəm ˈmɛməri fri. səm geɪmz rən wɪθ noʊ ˈmɛməri fri æt ɔl ənd ˌɪnˈstɔl ən tɪ fri ˈmɛməri frəm ˈɛlsˌwɛr tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ðə ˈkɑrənt rɪkˈwɛst. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 18 ðə ˈmɛməri ˌfrægmənˈteɪʃən ɪz nɑt sɑlvd, ɛz ˈmɛni əv ðə æˈnælɪˌsiz ðət hæv bɪn juzd tɪ ˈmɛʒər ˈmɛməri ˌfrægmənˈteɪʃən hæv ˈlɑrʤli əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈdɛskˌtɑp ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈmɛməri ˈjusɪʤ ˈpætərnz, rɪkˈwaɪrmənts, ənd ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts. geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt həz ˈfərðər ˈmɛməri kənˈstreɪnts wɪʧ meɪk ˈprɑbləmz ˈhɑrdər tɪ sɑlv. wʊd laɪk tɪ ˈwɛlkəm ˈrisərʧərz tɪ wərk wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn səm əv ðiz ˈprɑbləmz, ɛz ðeɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈprɑbləmz ðət doʊnt əˈpɪr tɪ bi goʊɪŋ əˈweɪ. wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈpræktɪkəl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ si++ geɪm ˈproʊˌgræmərz: si++ ˈɪzənt tɔt məʧ ˈɛni mɔr ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ. ɪts hɑrd ɪˈnəf ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈpipəl hu noʊ si++, ənd ˈhɑrdər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈpipəl hu ˌəndərˈstænd əv ðə kaɪnd ju faɪnd ɪn. ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv geɪm dɪˈvɛləpərz ər jəŋ ənd ʤəˈnɛrɪk ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ɪz ˈfɔrən tɪ ðɛm. ˈridərz əv ðɪs ˈpeɪpər meɪ hæv noʊ ˈtrəbəl ˈnævəˌgeɪtɪŋ ə ˈhɛdər faɪl, bət ðɪs kən bi ə ˈdɔntɪŋ tæsk fər ə lɛs ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈproʊˌgræmər. ən ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ðət ɪz ˈvɛri klɪr ɪz wərθ mɔr ðən ˈɛkspərts meɪ θɪŋk. geɪm dɪˈvɛləpərz (ɔl dɪˈvɛləpərz, ˈrɪli) nid tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ənd treɪs kənˈteɪnərz ənd ˈælgərˌɪðəmz. ɪts nɑt ə ˈmætər əv diˈbəgɪŋ ðə kənˈteɪnərz ðɛmˈsɛlvz (wɪʧ ər ɔˈrɛdi debugged*) bət ə ˈmætər əv diˈbəgɪŋ ðə ˈjuzərz juz əv ðə kənˈteɪnərz. si++ ər dɪsˈlaɪkt baɪ səm bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər "ˈtrɪki" ənd hæv "gotchas*." ju ˈʃʊdənt hæv tɪ bi ə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈlɔjər tɪ juz ə ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ. ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə si++ ˈstændərd dɪˈskraɪbz ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənts fər ən ˈæləˌkeɪtər, ənd ðə rɪˈzəlt lʊks mɔr ər lɛs laɪk bɪˈloʊ. ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt ðət ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər bi ə klæs ɪz nɑt ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˈsteɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈstændərd, ðoʊ ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənts fər meɪk ɪt ˈvərʧuəli ˈmændəˌtɔri ðət ˈæləˌkeɪtərz bi. ˈaɪtəmz əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst tɪ ðɪs dɪˈskəʃən ər ˈkələrd ɪn blu. ˈtɛmplət ti> klæs ˈæləˌkeɪtər ˈpəblɪk:; difference_type*; ˈpɔɪntər; const_pointer*; ti& ˈrɛfərəns; ti&; ti; ˈæləˌkeɪtər(); allocator<t*>&); ~ˈæləˌkeɪtər(); ˈtɛmplət <klæs ju> allocator<u*>&); ˈtɛmplət <klæs ju> allocator<u*> ˈəðər; address(t*&); ti&); allocate(size_type*, nəl); vɔɪd deallocate(t**,); vɔɪd construct(t**, ti&); vɔɪd destroy(t**);(); ˈɑpərˌeɪtər allocator<t*>&, allocator<t*>&); ˈɑpərˌeɪtər allocator<t*>&, allocator<t*>&); ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər dɪˈzaɪn ənd ɪts juz baɪ kənˈteɪnərz meɪk ɪt hɑrd tɪ wərk wɪθ ənd lidz tɪ pərˈfɔrməns ənd koʊd bloʊt. ðiz ər səm ˈsɪriəs ˈʧɑrʤɪz, bət ɪn ðə rɛlm əv haɪ pərˈfɔrməns geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt ðeɪ ər ril ənd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ə lɪst əv səm əv ðə ˈɪʃuz əv ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ənd kənˈteɪnərz' juz əv ˈæləˌkeɪtərz: ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðə ˈhælpərn prəˈpoʊzəl, ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ər ənd nɑt instance-based*. ðɪs rɪˈzəlts ɪn səm ˈɔkwərd əˈtɛmpts tɪ meɪk ðɛm ækt ɛz ɪf instance-based*. ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ər ˈvərʧuəli rikˈwaɪərd tɪ bi, ənd ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ bi ə ˈmɛmbər ˈtɛmplət. ənˈlɛs ðə kəmˈpaɪlər ɪz ˈvɛri gʊd æt (ənd səm kəmˈpaɪlərz ər nɑt si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 15 ðɪs kən rɪˈzəlt ɪn ən ɪkˈsploʊʒən əv, koʊd, ənd pərˈfɔrməns ˈprɑbləmz. ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ər riˈbaʊnd baɪ kənˈteɪnərz tɪ wən ər mɔr əˈdɪʃənəl taɪps taɪps wɪʧ ðə ˈjuzər ˈkænɑt noʊ ɪn ˈɛni ˈpɔrtəbəl weɪ. ðəs ðə ˈɔθər əv ən ˈæləˌkeɪtər ˈkænɑt noʊ wət ɪt wɪl ˈæˌkʧuəli bi æst tɪ ˈæləˌkeɪt ənd ˈkɑnstrəkt. ɪt ɪz aɪˈrɑnɪk ðət ˈæləˌkeɪtərz tɪ kənˈteɪnərz ɪn ˈpræktɪs doʊnt ˈæləˌkeɪt ˈɑbʤɛkts əv ðə taɪp. ɪt ɪz ənˈfɔrʧənət ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈpɔrtəbəl weɪ fər ðə kənˈteɪnər ˈjuzər ər ˈæləˌkeɪtər tɪ noʊ wət ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər wɪl bi æst tɪ ˈæləˌkeɪtər ər wət ɪt wɪl bi riˈbaʊnd tɪ. ðɪs ˈsəmˈwət dɪˈfits ðə ˈpərpəs əv ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər biɪŋ ɔn səm taɪp. ˈæləˌkeɪtərz doʊnt ˌəndərˈstænd əˈlaɪnmənt rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ˈɑbʤɛkts ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd baɪ ə ˈæləˌkeɪtər ər əˈsumd tɪ bi əv dɪˈfɔlt əˈlaɪnmənt (ˈjuʒəwəli ˈikwəl tɪ ˈdəbəl) ər ɪt ɪz əˈsumd ðət ðə əv ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər noʊz wət ðə əˈlaɪnmənt ɪz. ˈniðər əv ðiz əˈsəmpʃənz ər ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri, ɛz ðə ˈfɔrmər kən bi ˈsɪmpli ənˈtru ənd ðə ˈlætər kən bi ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəl ər ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl. ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ˈkɑnstrəkt ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈɑbʤɛkts ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈæləˌkeɪt ðɛm. ðɪs ˈfɔrsɪz ðə ˈmɪksɪŋ əv tu ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈkɑnsɛpts: ˌæləˈkeɪʃən ənd kənˈstrəkʃən. kənˈteɪnərz ˌrikˈwaɪər ju tɪ sɛt ən ˈæləˌkeɪtər æt kənˈteɪnər kənˈstrəkʃən taɪm; ju ˈkænɑt sɛt ɪt ˈleɪtər. kənˈteɪnərz du nɑt lɛt ju ˈækˌsɛs ðɛr ˈæləˌkeɪtərz; ðeɪ ˈoʊnli gɪv ju ˈkɑpiz əv ðɛr ˈæləˌkeɪtərz. ˈkɑrənt səʧ ɛz libstdc*++ (əp tɪ libstdc*++ əˈpɛrəntli ˈrɛktəˌfaɪd wɪθ ˈkɑpi ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ənd kriˈeɪt ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈɛmti kənˈstrəkʃən ənd ˈkɑpi kənˈstrəkʃən, wɪʧ kən rɪˈzəlt ɪn pərˈfɔrməns ˈprɑbləmz ɪn ðə keɪs əv ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈæləˌkeɪtərz. ðə ˈjuzər ɪz ðəs stɪrd təˈwɔrdz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ˈlaɪtˈweɪt ˈklæsɪz wɪʧ ər ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ɪn juz, wɪʧ rɪˈzəlts ɪn ənˈwɔntɪd ˈoʊvərˈhɛd ənd ˈɛkstrə koʊd. ˈæləˌkeɪtərz bɛr ə rɪˈzɛmbləns tɪ ˈæləˌkeɪtərz bət hæv wən ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈdɪfərəns: ðeɪ ˈmɛməri ˈrəðər ðən ˈæləˌkeɪt ənd ˈkɑnstrəkt ˈɑbʤɛkts. ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ər ðəs mɔr laɪk ðə ənd fri ˈfəŋkʃənz ðən laɪk ðə nu ənd dɪˈlit ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz. ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ˈɔlsoʊ bɛr ə mɑrkt tɪ ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtərz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðə təˈwɔrdz ə ˈbɛtər ˈæləˌkeɪtər ˈmɑdəl prəˈpoʊzəl ðoʊ ðeɪ wər dɪˈvɛləpt ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli wɪˈθaʊt ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə ˈfɔrmər. ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə tu ɪz ðət ˈæləˌkeɪtərz doʊnt hæv ˈvərʧuəl ˈfəŋkʃənz; ðiz hæv ə pərˈfɔrməns kɔst ðət ɪz tɪ bi əˈvɔɪdɪd wɛˈnɛvər ˈpɑsəbəl. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈɪləˌstreɪts ðə ˈɪnərˌfeɪs rɪkˈwaɪrmənts fər ˈæləˌkeɪtərz. ˈaɪtəmz əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ər ˈkələrd ɪn blu. klæs ˈæləˌkeɪtər ˈpəblɪk: ˈæləˌkeɪtər( neɪm "eastl*" ˈæləˌkeɪtər& ɛks); ˈæləˌkeɪtər& ɛks, neɪm); ˈæləˌkeɪtər& ˈæləˌkeɪtər& ɛks); ɛn, flægz 0 ɛn, əˈlaɪnmənt, ˈɔfˌsɛt, flægz 0 vɔɪd pi, ɛn); get_name*(); vɔɪd neɪm); ˈæləˌkeɪtər& ə, ˈæləˌkeɪtər& bi); ˈæləˌkeɪtər& ə, ˈæləˌkeɪtər& bi); səm noʊts rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈæləˌkeɪtərz: ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ bi assignable*. ðə ˈjuzər meɪ dɪˈfaɪn ə swɑp ˈfəŋkʃən fər ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər ɛz wɛl. ˈæləˌkeɪtər ɪz nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ə ˈtɛmplət, nɔr dɪz ɪt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli hæv ˈmɛmbər. ðə flægz pərˈæmətər dɪˈskraɪbz hɪnts fər ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən, səʧ ɛz ˈwɛðər ðə ˈmɛməri ɪz ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ər ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt. ðɪs ɪz ˈvɛri ˈjusfəl fər haɪ pərˈfɔrməns ˈmɛməri ˌæləˈkeɪʃən. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 7 ðə əˈlaɪnmənt ənd ˈɔfˌsɛt pərˈæmətərz ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ðə əˈlaɪnmənt rɪkˈwaɪrmənts əv ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən. ðɪs ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɔn ˈplætˌfɔrmz ðət ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈmɛməri əˈlaɪnmənt. ɪts nɑt ˈfizəbəl fər ðə kənˈteɪnər tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər noʊ ðə rikˈwaɪərd əˈlaɪnmənt əˈhɛd əv taɪm. ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz ˈæləˌkeɪtərz meɪ bi ʃɛrd bɪtˈwin kənˈteɪnərz ənd bɪˈkəz kənˈteɪnərz meɪ juz ən ˈæləˌkeɪtər tɪ ˈæləˌkeɪt ˈməltəpəl taɪps, ɛz ɪz ðə keɪs wɪθ ənd kənˈteɪnərz. ðə ˈfəŋkʃənz əˈlaʊ ðə ˈjuzər tɪ neɪm ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər, wɪʧ ɪn tərn rɪˈzəlts ɪn ɔl ˌæləˈkeɪʃənz frəm ðət ˈæləˌkeɪtər biɪŋ tægd wɪθ ə neɪm. ðɪs ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr wɛrˈbaɪ ɔl ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ˈmɛməri məst bi əˈkaʊntəbəl. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 12 ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər ɪz əˈsumd tɪ seɪv ðə neɪm ˈpɔɪntər ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈkɑpiɪŋ ɪts ˈkɑntɛnts. ˈæləˌkeɪtər kəmˈpɛrəsənz ər sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt, ənd ɪkˈwɑləti ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz ˈminɪŋ ðət ˈikwəl kənˈteɪnərz kən fri ˈmɛməri ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd baɪ iʧ ˈəðər. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈfəŋkʃən, ðoʊ səʧ ə θɪŋ maɪt bi ˈjusfəl fər pul ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ənd ðɛr kənˈteɪnərz. ən ˈæləˌkeɪtər wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈkɑpi əv əˈnəðər ˈæləˌkeɪtər kəmˈpɛrz ɛz ˈikwəl tɪ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈæləˌkeɪtər ənd ækts ɛz səʧ. kənˈteɪnərz ɔl kənˈteɪnərz ˈfɑloʊ ə sɛt əv kənˈsɪstənt kənˈvɛnʃənz. hir wi dɪˈfaɪn ðə ˌproʊtoʊˈtɪpɪkəl kənˈteɪnər wɪʧ həz ðə ˈmɪnəməl ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ðət ɔl (non-adapter*) kənˈteɪnərz məst hæv. ˈaɪtəmz əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ər ˈkələrd ɪn blu. ˈtɛmplət <klæs ti, klæs ˈæləˌkeɪtər > klæs kənˈteɪnər ˈpəblɪk: container<t*, ˈæləˌkeɪtər> this_type*; ti; ˈpɔɪntər; const_pointer*; ti& ˈrɛfərəns; ti&; difference_type*;;;; reverse_iterator<iterator*>; reverse_iterator<const_iterator*> reverse_const_iterator*; ˈæləˌkeɪtər allocator_type*;; ˈstætɪk ; ˈstætɪk ; ˈpəblɪk: allocator_type*& ˈæləˌkeɪtər allocator_type*()); this_type*& ɛks); this_type*& operator=(this_type*& ɛks); vɔɪd swap(this_type*& ɛks); vɔɪd ˈrisɛt(); allocator_type*&(); allocator_type*&(); vɔɪd set_allocator(allocator_type*& ˈæləˌkeɪtər); bɪˈgɪn(); bɪˈgɪn(); ɛnd(); ɛnd(); ˈvælədeɪt(); aɪ); ˈtɛmplət <klæs ti, klæs ˈæləˌkeɪtər> container<t*, ˈæləˌkeɪtər>& ə, container<t*, ˈæləˌkeɪtər>& bi); ˈtɛmplət <klæs ti, klæs ˈæləˌkeɪtər> container<t*, ˈæləˌkeɪtər>& ə, container<t*, ˈæləˌkeɪtər>& bi); noʊts: ˌgɛrənˈtiz ðət ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ kənˈteɪnər ˈjusɪʤ wɪl bɪˈheɪv ðə seɪm ˈəndər. ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ər ˌɪntrəˈdust ˈoʊnli baɪ nu ˈmɛmbər ˈfəŋkʃənz, ˈɛkstrə ˈtɛmplət pərˈæmətərz, ər ˈsɪmpli nu kənˈteɪnərz. ðɪs əˈlaʊz fər ˈizi kənˈvərʒən tɪ, ənd ˈɔfən frəm tɪ ɛz wɛl. ðə ˈfəŋkʃən əˈlaʊz ðə ˈjuzər tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ðə kənˈteɪnərz ˈæləˌkeɪtər ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ə ˈkɑpi əv ɪt. wɪˈθaʊt ðɪs, ðə ˈjuzər kən ˈoʊnli sɛt ðə kənˈteɪnərz ˈæləˌkeɪtər ɔn kənˈteɪnər kənˈstrəkʃən, ənd ðɪs ɪz ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəl ˈəndər səm ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. noʊt ðət ˈæləˌkeɪtər pərˈæmətərz ər ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd baɪ ˈvælju ənd nɑt baɪ ˈpɔɪntər, ənˈlaɪk ðə ˈhælpərn prəˈpoʊzəl. ə pərˈæmətər wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli kənˈsɪdərd bət ɪt wɑz dɪˈtərmənd ðət ə klæs kən ɛnˈkæpsəˌleɪt ə ˈpɔɪntər ənd ðəs ækt ɛz ə əv ə dɪˈzaɪn. swɔpt kənˈteɪnərz du nɑt swɑp ðɛr ˈæləˌkeɪtərz. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 29 rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ 431 səm ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈməltəpəl kənˈteɪnərz (səʧ ɛz list::splice*) ər ˌɪnˈvæləd wɪn kənˈteɪnər ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ər əˈnikwəl ənd ən ɪkˈsɛpʃən ɪz θroʊn ɪf ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ər əˈnikwəl. ˈnuli kənˈstrəktɪd ˈɛmti kənˈteɪnərz məst du noʊ ˈmɛməri ˌæləˈkeɪʃən. səm ənd ˈəðər kənˈteɪnər ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ˈæləˌkeɪt ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl noʊd frəm ðə klæs ˈmɛməri ˈæləˌkeɪtər. kənˈteɪnərz baɪ dɪˈzaɪn ˈnɛvər du ðɪs. ɪf ə kənˈteɪnər nidz ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl noʊd, ðət noʊd ʃʊd bi meɪd pɑrt əv ðə kənˈteɪnər ˌɪtˈsɛlf ər bi ə ˈstætɪk ˈɛmti noʊd ˈɑbʤɛkt. ˈɛmti kənˈteɪnərz (nu ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz) kənˈteɪn noʊ kənˈstrəktɪd ˈɑbʤɛkts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz ðət maɪt bi ɪn ən 'ɛnd' noʊd. ˈsɪmələrli, noʊ ˈjuzər ˈɑbʤɛkt (e.g*. əv taɪp ti) ʃʊd bi kənˈstrəktɪd ənˈlɛs rikˈwaɪərd baɪ ðə dɪˈzaɪn ənd ənˈlɛs ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ɪn ðə ˈkɑnˌtrækt. ðə ˈrisɛt ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz ə ˈspɛʃəl ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˈfəŋkʃən wɪʧ ˌjunəˈlætərəli ˈrisɛts ðə kənˈteɪnər tɪ ən ˈɛmti steɪt wɪˈθaʊt friɪŋ ðə ˈmɛməri əv ðə kənˈteɪnd ˈɑbʤɛkts. ðɪs ɪz ˈjusfəl fər ˈvɛri kˈwɪkli ˈtɪrɪŋ daʊn ə kənˈteɪnər bɪlt ˈɪntu skræʧ ˈmɛməri ənd ɪz ə ˈjusfəl ˈfiʧər fər haɪ pərˈfɔrməns ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ. noʊ ˈmɛməri ɪz ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd baɪ ˈrisɛt, ənd ðə kənˈteɪnər həz noʊ ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ˈmɛməri ˈæftər ðə ˈrisɛt ɪz ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd. ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈhɛrəntli ənˈseɪf fər taɪps ðət hæv destructor*. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈfəŋkʃən, ðoʊ səʧ ə θɪŋ maɪt bi ˈjusfəl fər kənˈteɪnərz. ðə ˈrizən ɪt ˈdəzənt ɪgˈzɪst ɪz ˈsɪmpli bɪˈkəz ɪn ˈpræktɪs ɪt ɪz ˈrɛrli juzd. ðə ˈvælədeɪt ənd ˈfəŋkʃənz prəˈvaɪd ɪkˈsplɪsət kənˈteɪnər ənd ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən. prəˈvaɪdz ən ˈɔpʃən tɪ du ˌɪmˈplɪsət ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ənd kənˈteɪnər ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən, bət fʊl ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən (wɪʧ kən bi pəˈtɛnʃəli ɪkˈstɛnsɪv) həz tu məʧ əv ə pərˈfɔrməns kɔst tɪ ˈɛksəˌkjut ˌɪmˈplɪsətli, ˈivɪn ɪn ə diˈbəg bɪld. soʊ prəˈvaɪdz ðiz ɪkˈsplɪsət ˈfəŋkʃənz wɪʧ kən bi kɔld baɪ ðə ˈjuzər æt ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt taɪm ənd ɪn bɪldz ɛz wɛl ɛz diˈbəg bɪldz. dɪz nɑt sɑlv ðə aʊt əv ˈmɛməri ˈprɑbləm. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 18 flɔz səm ˈæˌspɛkts əv tərnd aʊt tɪ bi nɑt kwaɪt raɪt. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ə lɪst əv səm əv ðə θɪŋz ðət maɪt bi dən ˈdɪfərˈɛntli. ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ðə ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ std::basic_string*. tu ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ər ðət ɪt həz tu ˈmɛni ˈmɛmbər ˈfəŋkʃənz ənd ðət ɛnd() ʃʊd hæv bɪn juzd ˌɪnˈstɛd əv fər ˈmɛmbər ˈælgərˌɪðəmz. ˈfɪksɪz ˈniðər əv ðiz ənd ɪn fækt ædz ə fju əˈdɪʃənəl ˈmɛmbər ˈfəŋkʃənz. ə ˈbɛtər strɪŋ klæs wʊd fɪks ðə əˈbəv tu ˈprɑbləmz ənd wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪmpləmənt ˈɔpʃənəl bɪˈheɪvjər ˈpɑləsiz səʧ ɛz copy-on-write*. səm ˈpipəl wɔnt tɪ bi ənd səm wɔnt ɪt tɪ bi). ʃʊd sɑlv ðɪs baɪ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə ˈtɛmplət pərˈæmətər tɪ lɛt ðə ˈjuzər ʧuz, bət ˈkərəntli ɪt həz noʊ səʧ ˈɔpʃən. ə fˈjuʧər riˈvɪʒən əv wɪl ˈlaɪkli meɪk ðɪs ə ˈtɛmplət ˈpɑləsi ˈɔpʃən. ɪz ˈkərəntli ə əv, wɪʧ kriˈeɪts səm ənˈseɪf ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ɪz ən ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ˈditeɪl wɪʧ kən bi ˈrɛktəˌfaɪd. ðə kənˈteɪnər ˈrisɛt ˈfəŋkʃən ʃʊd pərˈhæps hæv bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ə lɛs ˈsɪmpəl neɪm. səm nu ˈjuzərz kənfˈjuz ɪt wɪθ klɪr. dɪz nɑt sɑlv ðə ˈprɑbləm ˈɛni ˈdɪfərˈɛntli ðən (əˈsaɪd frəm ɪt prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌɪnˈtrusɪv kənˈteɪnərz ənd fɪkst saɪz kənˈteɪnərz). ðə səˈluʃən (ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ) ɪz səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ bət ɪz nɑt ˈfeɪvərd ənd ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli dɪˈseɪbəld. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 18 ðə ənd ˈʧɛkɪŋ ɪz nɑt ɛz θəroʊ ɛz ðət əv libstdc*++, ɛz libstdc*++ ənd ˈpɑsəbli ˈəðər hæv ˈʧɛkɪŋ fər səm taɪps əv rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ðɪs tu ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət kən bi ˌɪmˈpruvd ɪn ɪf dimd ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. əˈpɛndɪks ðɪs əˈpɛndɪks kənˈteɪnz ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri məˈtɪriəl ˈrɛfərənst baɪ ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈbɑdi. ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz ðə ˈaɪtəmz hir dɪˈskraɪb ɪn mɔr ˈditeɪl wət ɪz mɛnt ɪn ðə ˈbɑdi. ɪt ɪz pleɪst hir ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə weɪ əv ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri tɛkst. 1 (riˈmuvd) 2 ə lɪst kənˈteɪnər tɪ meɪk ə lɪst kənˈteɪnər, wɛrˈbaɪ ðə ˈjuzər kən ˈizəli ˌɪnˈspɛkt ənd ˈtrævərs ɪt wɪθ ə trəˈdɪʃənəl, wi juz ˈkjʊriəsli rɪˈkərɪŋ ˈtɛmplət ˈpætərn laɪk soʊ ɪn. ˈtɛmplət leɪn> mpnext*; mpprev*; ˈtɛmplət ti> ˈpəblɪk< listnode<t*> ti mvalue*; ˈtɛmplət ti, ˈæləˌkeɪtər> klæs ˈtɪpɪkəli ðə lɪst klæs ˌɪnˈhɛrəts frəm ə beɪs klæs səʧ ɛz ðɪs. ˈpəblɪk: ti; listnode<t*>;< listnode<t*> ; prəˈtɛktɪd: mnode*; 3 ˈælgərˌɪðəm taɪp ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən ˈprɑbləm ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts ə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ˈkɑrənt. wət ðə spəˈsɪfɪkli dɪz ɪz ˈsəmˈwət ˈminɪŋləs ənd ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri. aɪ 0 aɪ 128 ++aɪ) mtable[i*] ((values[i*] 128 aɪ; ə, bi) rɪˈtərn mtable[b*] mtable[a*]; std::sort(v*, vi 128 tablebasedsorter(values*)); ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət ðə pæs ðə kəmˈpɛr ˈfəŋkʃən ˈɑbʤɛkt əraʊnd ˌɪnˈtərnəli baɪ ˈvælju, ˈtrɪgərɪŋ ˈkɑpiɪŋ əv ɪt. ðɪs ɪz kəmˈpaʊndɪd baɪ diˈbəg wɪʧ kɔl ə kəmˈpɛr ˈʧɛkər ðət ɪˈvæljuˌeɪts ðə kəmˈpɛrəsən twaɪs ˌɪnˈstɛd əv wəns soʊ ðət ɪt kən ɛnˈfɔrs !(compare(x*, waɪ) compare(y*, ɛks)). ɪt ðəs ɛndz əp ˈkɔlɪŋ ðə ˈkɑpi kənˈstrəktər log(n*)) taɪmz. ðə ˈjuzər maɪt θɪŋk ðət ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ʃʊd ˈrɛktəˌfaɪ ðə ˈprɑbləm: kəmˈpɛr; std::sort<int**,& >(vi, vi 128 kəmˈpɛr); bət ɪt ˈdəzənt wərk, bɪˈkəz ðə sɔrt ˈfəŋkʃən ˌɪgˈnɔrz ðə kəmˈpɛr ˈrɛfərəns ˈtɛmplət pərˈæmətər ənd meɪks ˈkɑpiz əv ðə kəmˈpɛr ˌɪnˈtərnəli. ðə kənˈvɛnʃənəl fər ðɪs ˈprɑbləm ɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈprɑksi kəmˈpɛr klæs ðət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ðə ril kəmˈpɛr ˈɑbʤɛkt, bət ðɪs ɪz ˈkləmzi ənd kriˈeɪts ə pərˈfɔrməns ˈdrægɪŋ ˈmɛməri. waɪ nɑt ˈsɪmpli hæv ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm oʊˈbeɪ ðə ˈjuzərz rɪkˈwɛst? ɪts nɑt klɪr ɪf ðə si++ ˈstændərd rikˈwaɪərz ðət ðə ˈjuzərz rɪkˈwɛst bi rɪˈspɛktɪd, bət ɪt wʊd bi nis ɪf ɪt dɪd. dɪz soʊ. 4 (riˈmuvd) 5 geɪm sɔrs ənd ˈbaɪnəˌri ˈsaɪzɪz geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr fər ˈdɛskˌtɑp ˈplætˌfɔrmz ənd fər 2005 ˈkɑnsoʊl ˈplætˌfɔrmz ɪz ˈɔfən ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ðə sɔrs koʊd fər lɑrʤ ˈpiˈsi geɪmz ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ɪn ðə reɪnʤ əv tɪ 2 ˈmɪljən laɪnz. ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈbaɪnəˌriz ər ɪn ðə reɪnʤ əv 5 tɪ 20. geɪm sɔrs ˈdætə (ˈgræfɪks, mæps, sərʧ græfs, ui*, ˈmuviz, ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz, scripting*) sɔrs ɪz ɪn ðə reɪnʤ əv 5 tɪ 50. kəmˈpaɪld geɪm ˈdætə ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ɪn ðə reɪnʤ əv 500 tɪ 4 (nɑt ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmuvi faɪlz). ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə koʊd fər ðə geɪmz ðɛmˈsɛlvz, geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr tɛndz tɪ hæv ə lɔt əv səˈpɔrtɪŋ tul ər "ˈpaɪˌplaɪn" koʊd. sɪns geɪmz tɛnd tɪ hæv ə lɔt əv ˈdætə, ə lɔt əv ˈkəstəm tulz ər ˈrɪtən tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ənd ˈprɔˌsɛs ðɪs ˈdætə. ðə saɪz əv ðiz tulz kən bi ˈlɑrʤər ðən ðə saɪz əv ðə geɪm ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðiz tulz ˈjuʒəwəli doʊnt nid tɪ hæv ðə seɪm əˈtɛnʃən tɪ pərˈfɔrməns ɛz dɪz ðə geɪm koʊd ˌɪtˈsɛlf. waɪl geɪm koʊd ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪkˈsklusɪvli si++, tulz ər ˈrɪtən ɪn ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ moʊst ˈkɑmənli si#, ˈpaɪθɑn, si++, ənd pərl. 6 ˈgɑrbɪʤ kəˈlɛktəd ˈæləˌkeɪtərz ˈgɑrbɪʤ kəˈlɛktəd ˈmɛməri ɪz nɑt ˈkərəntli kənˈsɪdərd ən ˈɔpʃən fər geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ðoʊ ˈkɑrənt ˈɪtərˌeɪtɪv ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənəl ˈgɑrbɪʤ kəˈlɛkʃən ɪz well-done*. ə fʊl dɪˈskəʃən əv ðɪs dɪˈzərvz ə ˈpeɪpər əv ɪts oʊn, bət səˈfaɪs ɪt tɪ seɪ ðət ðə ˌriˈæləˌtiz əv ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈmɛməri ənd ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ˈmɛməri ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈsəmˈwət ˈrilˌtaɪm rɪkˈwaɪrmənts əv geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr meɪk ˈgɑrbɪʤ kəˈlɛktəd ˈmɛməri ˈkərəntli nɑt ˈvaɪəbəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ˈrisərʧ ɪn ðɪs ˈɛriə ənd ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv wərk wɪθ ˈrisərʧərz ɔn ðɪs ˈtɑpɪk. 7 ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ənd ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈmɛməri ə ˈjusfəl tɛkˈnik fər rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈmɛməri ˌfrægmənˈteɪʃən wɪʧ ɪz ˈɔfən juzd baɪ geɪm dɪˈvɛləpərz ɪz tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ˈmɛməri ˈɪntu tu ˈklæsɪz: ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈmɛməri ənd ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈmɛməri. səm geɪmz hæv kənˈsumd ˈsɪstəm ˈmɛməri kəmˈplitli ɪˈnəf ðət ðət ðeɪ wʊd feɪl tɪ rən wɪˈθaʊt ðɪs ɑptɪmɪˈzeɪʃən. ðə weɪ ɪt wərks ɪz ðət ˈmɛməri wɪʧ ɪz ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd wəns ɔn ˈstɑrˌtəp ɪz dimd tɪ bi ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd. ˈsɪmələrli, ˈmɛməri wɪʧ ɪz ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd wəns fər ə nu geɪm ˈlɛvəl ɪz dimd tɪ bi ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd. ˈmɛməri wɪʧ ɪz ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ənd frid ɪn ə ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri ər weɪ ɪz dimd tɪ bi ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd. ˈmɛməri wɪʧ ɪz ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ɪz ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd frəm ðə tɔp əv ðə hip ˈdaʊnwərd, ənd ˈmɛməri wɪʧ ɪz ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ɪz ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd frəm ðə loʊ ɛnd əv ðə hip. [ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈmɛməri (fri speɪs) ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈmɛməri] (loʊ ˈmɛməri) (haɪ ˈmɛməri) ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz ðət ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˌæləˈkeɪʃənz ər ˈtaɪtli pækt təˈgɛðər ɪn haɪ ˈmɛməri ənd doʊnt kriˈeɪt dɛd spɑts ɪn loʊ ˈmɛməri. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ənd ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈmɛməri ər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz haɪ ənd loʊ ˈmɛməri, fər ˈrizənz ðət ʃʊd bi ˈɑbviəs. ðɪs tɛkˈnik ɪz ˈjusfəl ɔn boʊθ ˈsɪstəmz ənd ɔn mæpt ˈvərʧuəl ˈmɛməri ˈsɪstəmz səʧ ɛz ˈwɪndoʊz. ðə ˈkəstəm hips ɪn juz æt ɪkˈsplɪsətli səˈpɔrt ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ənd ˈtɛmpərˌɛri (haɪ ənd loʊ) ˈmɛməri. 8 (riˈmuvd) 9 diˈbəg bɪldz kænt bi sloʊ geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz noʊˈtɔriəsli ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ tɛst, ənd ɪt ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˈɔtəˌmeɪt geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈtɛstɪŋ. ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈmɑʤələr kəmˈpoʊnənts kən bi ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈjunɪt ˈtɛstɪd (ɛz ɪz) bət ðə ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ əv ən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ɪz məʧ ˈhɑrdər tɛst. ðɛr ɪz ˈkərəntli noʊ ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri səˈluʃən tɪ ðɪs ˈprɑbləm ənd noʊ səˈluʃən əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˈɪmənənt. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈtɑpɪk əv ˈrisərʧ ɔn ɪts oʊn, ənd ənˈtɪl ɪt meɪ bi səm deɪ sɑlvd, ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv geɪm ˈtɛstɪŋ ɪz dən baɪ ˈjumənz. ðə ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ˈneɪʧər əv geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr minz ðət sloʊ diˈbəg bɪldz ər hɑrd tɪ tɛst ənd kən weɪst ə lɔt əv ˈjumən ˈtɛstərz' taɪm. sɪns məʧ əv ðə ˈtɛstɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˈtɛstɪŋ ðə ˌɪnərˌækˈtɪvɪti əv ðə geɪm, ə sloʊ geɪm kən meɪk ˌɪnərˌækˈtɪvɪti ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈvərʧuəli ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl. ˈɔlsoʊ, ə sloʊ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən kən weɪst ə lɔt əv ˈproʊˌgræmər taɪm spɛnt ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən tɪ gɪt tɪ səm dɪˈzaɪərd steɪt. səʧ ə weɪt əˈkərz fər ˈɛni ˈproʊˌgræmər ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈɛni kaɪnd əv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən, bət ɪt ˈɔfən ˈhæpənz ɪn geɪm ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ðət ðə ˈproʊˌgræmər nidz tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ə pəˈtɛnʃəli lɔŋ ˈsɪriz əv ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ stɛps ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ gɪt ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən tɪ səm steɪt, ənd ðɛr maɪt nɑt ˈʃɔrtˌkəts ər ʧits tɪ gɪt ðɛr. wɪn wi wər ˈjuzɪŋ ɔn səm əv ɑr ˈərliər ˈpiˈsi geɪmz æt, wi ɪˈneɪbəld ɪn diˈbəg bɪldz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈvɔɪd ɔl ðə ˈfəŋkʃən kɔlz ðət ˈɑrənt biɪŋ ɪn diˈbəg bɪldz. ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ˈwəzənt dɪˈzaɪərəbəl (ɛz ɪt meɪd diˈbəgɪŋ mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt) bət ɪt meɪd ðə diˈbəg bɪldz mɔr rɪˈspɑnsɪv. 10 ˈfəŋkʃən kɔl əˈvɔɪdəns kənˈteɪnərz əˈvɔɪd ˈfəŋkʃən kɔlz tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ˈpɑsəbəl, ˈivɪn ɪf səʧ kɔlz maɪt bi baɪ ðə kəmˈpaɪlər. ðə əˈvɔɪdəns əv ˈfəŋkʃən kɔlz meɪks ɪt ˈiziər fər ðə kəmˈpaɪlər tɪ ˈɑptɪˌmaɪz ənd ˈiziər fər ðə ˈjuzər tɪ treɪs æt. ˈmɛni əv ðə ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk rɪˈzəlts əv ˈoʊvər ər du tɪ ðə kəmˈpaɪlər nɑt biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈfəŋkʃənz ðət ðə ˈɔθər əˈsumd ər hoʊpt ðət ɪt wʊd. kəmˈpaɪlər ˈwiknəsɪz ər dɪˈskəst ɪn əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 15 əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, bɪldz wɪθ dɪˈseɪbəld kən jild sˈləgɪʃ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ðət bɪˈkəm ənˈsutəbəl fər ˈtɛstɪŋ. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 9 ðə ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd tɪ ˈfəŋkʃən kɔl əˈvɔɪdəns ɪz ðət ɪt meɪks kənˈteɪnər ˈɔθərɪŋ ənd ˈmeɪntənəns mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ðə ˈɔθər, ðoʊ kənˈteɪnərz tɛnd tɪ hæv ˈlɪtəl wərk dən ɔn ðɛm wəns ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ənd debugged*. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈmæksəm ðət əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˈfɑloʊ: raɪt fər jʊr ˈjuzərz fərst, jʊr pɪrz ˈsɛkənd, ənd ˈjɔrsɛlf læst. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts ðə ˈfəŋkʃən kɔlz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ənd libstdc*++. ðə ˈvərʒən dɪz səm mæθ ənd ðɛn kɔlz ˌɪnˈsərt ər ɪˈreɪs. ðə libstdc*++ ˈvərʒən klæs ˈfəŋkʃənz wɪʧ ðɛmˈsɛlvz kɔl ˈfəŋkʃənz, ənd soʊ ɔn. kənˈsɪdər ðət ðə koʊd ˈkɔlɪŋ meɪ ˌɪtˈsɛlf bi ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ. ðɪs leɪərɪŋ əv ˈfəŋkʃən kɔlz pʊts ə ˈbərdən ɔn ðə kəmˈpaɪlər tɪ wɪʧ ɪt meɪ ər meɪ nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ du. vɔɪd ɛn) mpbegin*)) insert(mpend*, ɛn mpbegin*),()); ɛls ɛn, mpend*); vɔɪd) resize(__new_size*,()); vɔɪd,& __ɛks) saɪz()) erase(begin*() , ɛnd()); ɛls insert(end*(), saɪz(), __ɛks); saɪz() rɪˈtərn size_type(end*() bɪˈgɪn()); bɪˈgɪn() rɪˈtərn const_iterator(this->_m_impl._m_start*); ɛnd() rɪˈtərn const_iterator(this->_m_impl._m_finish*); _iterator*& __aɪ) _m_current(__i*) 11 ˈlʊkəp ˈseɪfti ɪf ðə ˈjuzər kɔlz ə ˈfəŋkʃən wɪθ ən ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət ˈhæpənz tɪ ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ə ðət həz ˈfəŋkʃənz əv ðə seɪm neɪm ɛz ðoʊz ɪn ðə, wət ʃʊd du ɪf ɪt nidz tɪ kɔl ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv ðət neɪm? ɪz ðə si++ ˈstændərd klɪr ɔn ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt hir? ʃʊd ɪkˈsplɪsətli kɔl ðə ˈvərʒən əv ðət ˈfəŋkʃən ər ʃʊd ɪt kɔl ðə ˈvərʒən ənkˈwɑlɪˌfaɪd? ɪn ðə lɑrʤ məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈkeɪsɪz, ðə ʃʊd ɪkˈsplɪsətli kɔl ðə ˈvərʒən, wɪθ ɪkˈsɛpʃənz biɪŋ meɪd ˈoʊnli fər ˈfəŋkʃənz ðət wər ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi ˈoʊvərˈrɪdən, səʧ ɛz swɑp. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ koʊd meɪ feɪl tɪ kəmˈpaɪl ɪf ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən meɪks ənkˈwɑlɪˌfaɪd mɪn kɔlz, ɛz ðə kəmˈpaɪlər wɪl juz tɪ faɪnd ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ std::min*. tɛst ɛks, waɪ); klæs ɛks std::sort(xarray*, 10 æt list wən ˈmeɪʤər kəˈmərʃəl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən həz ˈrisəntli nɑt bɪn adl-safe*, dɪˈspaɪt ˈhævɪŋ ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈɛksələnt ˈstændərdz səˈpɔrt. ðə ˈvɛndər həz bɪn ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd ənd əˈgrid tɪ fɪks ðə ˈprɑbləm fˈjuʧər rɪˈlisɪz. 12 ˈmɛməri ˈtægɪŋ ˈmɛməri ˈtægɪŋ ɪz ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv əˈsoʊsiˌeɪtɪŋ səm ˈjusfəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪθ ə ˈmɛməri ˌæləˈkeɪʃən. ɪt ɪz ˈtɪpɪkəli dən ɪn wən ər mɔr əv θri weɪz: 1 faɪl laɪn ðə __faɪl__ ənd __laɪn__ ˈvæljuz əv ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən rɪkˈwɛst ər stɔrd. ðɪs ɪz ˈlaɪtˈweɪt bət ˈdəzənt wərk wɛl wɪn ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən kəmz frəm wɪˈθɪn ə ʃɛrd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, səʧ ɛz. əˈnəðər ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ɪt ɪz ðət ɪt ˈdəzənt tɛl ju ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən, səʧ ɛz hu dɪd ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən ər wət ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən ɪz juzd fər. 2 kɔl stæk ðə kɔl stæk əv ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən rɪkˈwɛst ɪz stɔrd. ðɪs wərks wɛl bət ɪz nɑt ɛz ˈlaɪtˈweɪt ɛz faɪl laɪn ˈtægɪŋ. ɛz wɪθ faɪl laɪn ˈtægɪŋ, kɔl stæk ˈtægɪŋ ˈdəzənt tɛl ju məʧ əˈbaʊt ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən əˈsaɪd frəm wɛr ɪt wɑz dən. 3 neɪm ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən ɪz ˈgɪvɪn ə neɪm, səʧ ɛz "vehicleinfo*". ðɪs həz ðə ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ˈtɛlɪŋ ju wət ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən ɪz juzd fər. fər ˌkætəgərɪˈzeɪʃən ənd ˈbəʤɪtɪŋ ˈpərpəsɪz, ðə neɪm kən bi ˌhaɪˈrɑrkəkəl, səʧ ɛz wɪθ "automata/vehicleinfo*". ˌæləˈkeɪʃən neɪmz kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi juzd ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz tɪ tɛl ju wɛr ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən əˈkərd ɛz wɛl. ˈmɛməri ˈtægɪŋ kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ dɪˈteɪld hip rɪˈpɔrts kən tɛl ju ɪf ˈsɪmələrli juzd ˈmɛməri ɪz ˈfɪzɪkəli ˈprɑksəmət. ə ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤ əv ðɪs skim ɪz ðət ɪt rikˈwaɪərz ɪkˈsplɪsət səˈpɔrt ɪn ˈjuzər ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz; ɪt ˈkænɑt bi ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd laɪk ə kɔl stæk kən. iʧ həz ɪts strɛŋθs ənd ˈwiknəsɪz ənd ˈjuzərz wɪl ˈɔfən ˈfeɪvər wən tɛkˈnik ˈoʊvər əˈnəðər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðeɪ ˈɑrənt mˈjuʧuəli ɪkˈsklusɪv. ˈtɪpɪkəli ənd neɪm wɪl bi juzd ər ənd neɪm wɪl bi juzd təˈgɛðər, ɛz ˈneɪmɪŋ ɪz ˈsəmˈwət ˌkɑmpləˈmɛnʧi wɪθ ðə ˈəðər tu. ɪkˈsplɪsətli səˈpɔrts ˈmɛməri neɪm ˈtægɪŋ, ɛz ɪt ɪz soʊ ˈjusfəl. ˈmɛməri hips ɪn ɪkˈsplɪsətli səˈpɔrt ɔl θri əv ðə əˈbəv ˈmɛθədz əv ˈmɛməri ˈtægɪŋ, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈəðərz: ˌæləˈkeɪʃən taɪm, ˌæləˈkeɪʃən ˈnəmbər, ˌæləˈkeɪʃən grup ˈaɪˈdiz, ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri ˈdætə, ənd ˈəðərz. 13 ˌpɔrtəˈbɪlɪti ðə lɑrʤ məˈʤɔrəti əv kəˈmərʃəl geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈjuzɪz 8 bɪt tɛkst ər 16 bɪt tɛkst. ˈdɪfərənt ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz hæv ˈdɪfərənt kənˈvɛnʃənz fər ɛnˈkoʊdɪŋ tɛkst, bət ðiz hæv ˈlɪtəl ˈbɛrɪŋ ɔn wət ə geɪm ˈʧuzɪz tɪ juz fər ɪts tɛkst. ðə dɪˈskəʃən əv ðə strɛŋθs ənd ˈwiknəsɪz əv tɛkst ɛnˈkoʊdɪŋ ˈɔpʃənz ɪz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə skoʊp əv ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, bət ðə dɪˈskəʃən əv haʊ tɪ səˈpɔrt ə ˈgɪvɪn ɛnˈkoʊdɪŋ ɪn ə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ɪz ˈpərtɪnɪnt. ənd ər saɪzd ˈkɛrɪktər taɪps, məʧ laɪk ənd ər saɪzd ˈɪntəʤər taɪps. ðiz saɪzd ˈkɛrɪktər taɪps ər ɪkˈstɛnʃənz dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ wɪʧ əˈlaʊ strɪŋ koʊd ənd ˈdætə tɪ bi mɔr ˈpɔrtəbəl, ðoʊ ðeɪ doʊnt sɑlv ðə strɪŋ ˈlɪtərəl ˈprɑbləm. ɪz nɑt kənˈsɪdərd ˈpɔrtəbəl, ɛz ɪt meɪ bi 8 16 ər 32 bɪts, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsɪstəm (beos*, ˈwɪndoʊz, ˈjunɪks, rɪˈspɛktɪvli). ðə ˈstændərd əˈgɛnst ˈjuzɪŋ fər ðɪs seɪm ˈrizən (ˈvərʒən 4 ˈsɛkʃən ˈpɛrəˌgræf 2 ɪf jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən wɔnts tɪ juz ə 16 bɪt strɪŋ bət jʊr kəmˈpaɪlər dɪˈfaɪnz ɛz 32 bɪts, ju ˈkænɑt juz ðə ˈstændərd strɪŋ ˈlaɪbrɛˌri prəˈvaɪdɪd wɪθ ðə kəmˈpaɪlər. ənd ˈivɪn ɪf ju kʊd ðə ˈstændərd strɪŋ ˈlaɪbrɛˌri tɪ bi 16 bɪt, jʊd ðɛn bi ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈɛni koʊd ju hæv ðət wɔnts tɪ juz ə 32 bɪt. əˈnəðər ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ weɪ tɪ dɪˈklɛr ə 16 bɪt strɪŋ ˈlɪtərəl ɪf ɪz 32 bɪts. ˈɔlsoʊ, ɪf ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz 8 bɪt ðɛr wɪl bi ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ɪf ju du ə lɔt əv strɪŋ ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ, wɪʧ wi kən seɪ wɪθ ˈkɑnfədɛns bɪˈkəz wiv dən ðɪs. soʊ wət wi du ɪz dɪˈfaɪn char8_t*,, ənd ənd ˈriˌraɪt ðə ˈstændərd strɪŋ ˈlaɪbrɛˌri tɪ ɪkˈsplɪsətli səˈpɔrt ɔl θri taɪps. ə saɪd ˈbɛnəfɪt ɪz ðət ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ strɪŋ ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ɪz mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt ðən ðə wən prəˈvaɪdɪd wɪθ ðə kəmˈpaɪlər. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 14 saɪzd ˈkɛrɪktər taɪps wʊd bi ˈjusfəl tɪ hæv ɪn si++, ɛz ðeɪ əˈlaʊ fər ˈpɔrtəbəl ənd ɪˈfɪʃənt ˈjusɪʤ əv strɪŋz ɪn ə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ə strɪŋ wɪθ ɛl, haʊ əˈbaʊt ɪt wɪθ ər ˌɪnˈstɛd? ðɛr ər prəˈpoʊzəlz fər səʧ saɪzd ʧɑr taɪps ɪn 14 waɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈfəŋkʃənz? ˈɔfən ju wɪl si geɪm ˈproʊˌgræmərz əˈvɔɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz frəm ðə si ənd si++ ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd juz ˈvərʒənz. ðə ˈrizənz fər ðɪs dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl keɪs bət ər ˈjuʒəwəli ˈdrɪvən baɪ səm ˈpræktɪkəl pərˈfɔrməns ˈɪʃu. wi prəˈvaɪd ə ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑmənli ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ənd ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən ˈrizənz fər ɪt. wi hoʊp ðət ðɪs meɪ hɛlp ˈlaɪbrɛˌri dɪˈzaɪnərz ˌəndərˈstænd ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənts əv geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ˌriˈpleɪst ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ˌræʃəˈnæl, memmove*, fər ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈdɛskˌtɑp ˈplætˌfɔrmz ər noʊn tɪ bi ənd ər ˈrɛrli ˌriˈpleɪst. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt tərnz aʊt ðət ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈvɛndərz fər nu ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ˈsəmˌtaɪmz doʊnt kəm əp wɪθ ənˈtɪl wɛl ˈæftər ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti. ˈɔlsoʊ, ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz ˈmɛməri məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən ˈfəŋkʃənz kən bi ˌɪmˈpruvd fər ðə keɪs əv ˈmɛməri əˈlaɪnd ɔn ər kæˈʃeɪ ˈbaʊndəriz ənd ðəs geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɔfən ˈɪmpləmənts ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ˈmɛməri məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən ˈfəŋkʃənz fər ðiz ˈkeɪsɪz. printf*, ɪz ə ˈfəŋkʃən ðət ɪz ˈɔfən baɪ geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈrizənz ər ðəs: ɪz sloʊ bɪˈkəz ɪt lɑks ənd ridz ˌɪnˈtərnəl loʊˈkæl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. brɪŋz ɪn ɪˈnəf koʊd tɪ meɪk ɪt tu bɪg tɪ bi ˈjuzəbəl ɔn səm məˈʃinz səʧ ɛz ðə nu sɛl ˈprɑˌsɛsərz. kænt bi rɪˈlaɪd əˈpɑn tɪ wərk wɪθ 16 bɪt strɪŋz, ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 13 səm meɪ ˈæləˌkeɪt ˈmɛməri frəm ðə ˈgloʊbəl hip. səm (e.g*. ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən 2 ər ˈvɛri sloʊ wɪθ ˈdəbəl priˈsɪʒən ˈfloʊtɪŋ pɔɪnt mæθ. ˈdəzənt səˈpɔrt ɪkˈsplɪsətli saɪzd taɪps səʧ ɛz. ɪz ə pur, ɛz ɪt ɪz ənd. səˈpɔrts ˈdɛsəməl (%di), (%oʊ), ənd (%ɛks) ˈaʊtˌpʊt, bət nɑt ˈbaɪnəˌri ˈaʊtˌpʊt (%bi). ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈɪzənt prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə kəmˈpaɪlər ˈvɛndər. ər mɔr ˈɔfən, səm ˈjusfəl ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən əv ɪt səʧ ɛz ˈɪzənt prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə kəmˈpaɪlər ˈvɛndər. wcscpy*, wcslen*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ɛz ɪkˈspleɪnd ɪn əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 13 ɪz nɑt ˈpɔrtəbəl ɪn ˈpræktɪs. ɪf jʊr geɪm ˈjuzɪz 16 bɪt strɪŋz ɛz ˈmɛni du ðɛn ju kænt rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri waɪd strɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz biɪŋ ˈjuzəbəl. soʊ geɪmz wɪl ˈkɑmənli ðə ɪnˈtaɪər strɪŋ ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ bi ˈpɔrtəbəl. ðɪs ɪz ənˈfɔrʧənət, ɛz ðə si strɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz ər ˈjuʒəwəli well-implemented*. fopen*, ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈfəŋkʃənz fər məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪŋ faɪlz ɪz faɪn fər ˈmɛni ˈpərpəsɪz ənd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt ˈɪzənt ˈvɛri gʊd fər geɪm ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. ˈivɪn ɪn ðoʊz ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr bɪˈheɪvjər ɪz əˈproʊpriˌeɪt, geɪmz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz juz ðə loʊər ˈlɛvəl ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti. ɛz səʧ, faɪl juz ɪz ənˈkɑmən ɪn geɪmz ənd ˈɔfən ɪn geɪmz ɛz wɛl. ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈrizənz fər ðɪs ər: aɪoʊ ɪz ˌɪnˈhɛrəntli ˈblɑkɪŋ, ənd geɪmz wərk bɛst ɪf aɪoʊ ɪz ˈeɪˈsɪŋkrənəs ənd praɪˈɔrəti ənd hɛd aɪoʊ ɪz ˌɪnˈhɛrəntli ˈbəfərd, wɛˈræz ðɪs ɪz ˈɔfən nɑt wət geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr wɔnts. aɪoʊ ɪz sloʊər (e.g*. ˈlɑkɪŋ) ðən ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ənd ˈjuʒəwəli mɔr ˈlɪmɪtɪd (e.g*. noʊ ˈbəfər kənˈtroʊl) ɪn ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz. rænd ðə ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri rænd ər ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ənd ər ˈlaɪkli pɑrt əv ðə ˈɪmpətəs fər ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ˈrændəm ˈnəmbər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ə brif ˈsəməri əv ðə ˈwiknəsɪz ɪz: ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ 16 bɪt ˈvæljuz ɪn ˈpræktɪs. pur ˈrændəmnəs. kænt hæv ə ˈpraɪvət ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən. pur pərˈfɔrməns.,, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ˈfəŋkʃənz səʧ ɛz ənd ɪz ðət ðeɪ wərk wɪθ taɪps səʧ ɛz lɔŋ ənd. ɔn geɪm ˈplætˌfɔrmz, ə lɔŋ meɪ bi ən ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt ˈdætə taɪp (ɛz ɪt ɪz ɔn ðə ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən 2 ɪt ɪz ˈprɛfərəbəl tɪ juz ðət wərk wɪθ saɪzd taɪps səʧ ɛz ənd uint64_t*, ɛz ðeɪ ˌgɛrənˈti ˈpɔrtəbəl bɪˈheɪvjər ənd ɪn ˈpræktɪs ər æt list ɛz ɪˈfɪʃənt ɛz taɪps səʧ ɛz ənd lɔŋ. si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 21 strncpy*, ðiz ˈfəŋkʃənz ər tu hɑrd tɪ juz ˈseɪfli. wi hæv ˌriˈpleɪst ðɛm wɪθ ənd rɪˈspɛktɪvli, ðoʊ məʧ geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˌɪnˈsaɪd ənd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd stɪl juz ðiz. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðə ər klæs kən bi ˈseɪfli juzd tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðiz ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪn ə ˈfrɛndli weɪ., loʊˈkæl ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ˈsəfərz frəm biɪŋ ˈniðər ˈpɔrtəbəl nɔr overridable*. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈpɔrtəbəl weɪ tɪ tɛl wət loʊˈkæl tɪ juz, ɛz kəmˈpaɪlərz ˈɪmpləmənt ɪt ˈdɪfərˈɛntli. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz kən ˈɔfən bi ˈæbˌstræktɪd əˈweɪ wɪθ macros*. bət wəns ju gɪt ˈoʊvər ðɪs ju stɪl hæv ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ˈfəŋkʃənz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz biɪŋ ˈhɛlpfəl. ðə ˈfəŋkʃən, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈdəzənt du ˈfɔrˌmæt ˌloʊkələˈzeɪʃən bət ˌɪnˈstɛd rikˈwaɪərz ðə ˈjuzər tɪ du ɪt. əˈgɛn ðə ˈjuzər ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ˈæbˌstrækt ðɪs əˈweɪ. əˈnəðər ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət ðə ˈjuzər həz noʊ weɪ əv ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ ər ˈmɑdəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə bɪˈheɪvjər əv ˈfəŋkʃənz laɪk tɪ səm ˈpræktɪkəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənt. ən ɛnd rɪˈzəlt əv ðɪs ɪz ðət geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɔfən ʤɪst riˈraɪts ˈfəŋkʃənz laɪk tɪ bi ˈsɪmpələr, mɔr ˈflɛksəbəl, ənd ˈjuʒəwəli mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt ɛz wɛl. new/delete*, ˈkəstəm hips ˈfrægmənt ˈmɛməri lɛs, juz ˈmɛməri mɔr ɪˈfɪʃəntli, ənd ˈhændəl əˈlaɪnd ˈmɛməri ˈbɛtər ðət ˈsɪstəm prəˈvaɪdɪd hips. ˈkəstəm hips prəˈvaɪd ˈbɪlˌtɪn diˈbəgɪŋ ˈfiʧərz səʧ ɛz ˈtægɪŋ ənd strɔŋ ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrmz ˈɔfən ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈjusɪʤ əv ˈdɪfərənt kaɪnz əv ˈmɛməri fər wɪʧ ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈpɔrtəbəl tɪ məˈnɪpjəˌleɪt. əˈsərt ðə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈprɑbləm wɪθ əˈsərt ɪz ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ weɪ tɪ ˈoʊvərˌraɪd ɪt ər ˌɪnərˈsɛpt ɪt ənd ˌridərˈɛkt ɪt tɪ fəˈsɪlɪtiz. ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz ðət əˈsərt ˈjusɪʤ ɪz vərˈboʊtən bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈɑpərˌeɪts ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə kənˈtroʊl ənd ɪn ˈpræktɪs ˈjuʒəwəli ˌjunəˈlætərəli ˈkɔzɪz ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən tɪ ˈɛksət. ðɪs ɪz ənˈfɔrʧənət bɪˈkəz ɪt goʊz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpərpəs əv ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri fəˈsɪlɪtiz: tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə ˈpɔrtəbəl ˈstændərd ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ˈjusfəl ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti. wət wi wʊd laɪk tɪ si ɪn ðə si++ ˈstændərd ɪz ə ˈpɔrtəbəl weɪ fər ˈjuzərz tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈoʊvərˌraɪd ðə əˈsərt ˈfəŋkʃən ənd ridɪˈfaɪn ɪts bɪˈheɪvjər. 15 kəmˈpaɪlər ˈprɑbləmz ðə si++ kəmˈpaɪlər ɪz ə greɪt kəmˈpaɪlər wɪθ ə lɔt əv ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti ənd ˌpɔrtəˈbɪlɪti. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt həz wən ˈwiknəs əv sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns ðət əˈfɛkts ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz səʧ ɛz ðə: ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈvɛri gʊd æt. ðɛr ər ə ˈnəmbər əv kəmˈpaɪlər ˈɔpʃənz tɪ twik ðə pərˈæmətərz, bət ɪt simz tɪ bi ˈfɛrli ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ gɪt ðə kəmˈpaɪlər tɪ du ðə "raɪt θɪŋ." ðɪs əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ə noʊn ˈprɑbləm ənd ɪt ɪz hoʊpt ðət ə fˈjuʧər ˈvərʒən əv ðə kəmˈpaɪlər wɪl ˈæˌdrɛs ðɪs. ðə ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft si++ kəmˈpaɪlər dɪz ə ˈrəðər gʊd ʤɑb əv ənd maɪt bi wərθ ˈjuzɪŋ ɛz ə ˈrɛfərəns. ə fʊl dɪˈskəʃən əv kəmˈpaɪlər ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks ɪz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə skoʊp əv ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, bət səm ˈɪntərˌnɛt dɪˈskəʃənz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz kən bi faʊnd æt: http://groups.google.com/group/fa.linux.kernel/browse_frm/thread/1861b2634cdfa68a*/ 16 ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ən ˌɪnˈtrusɪv kənˈteɪnər, wi ʃoʊ ðə ˈɪnərˌfeɪs fər eastl::intrusive_list*. ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən breɪks ˈɪntu ənd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ pleɪs səm əv ðə ˈfəŋkʃənz ˈɪntu ə beɪs klæs. ˈəðər ˌɪnˈtrusɪv kənˈteɪnərz (e.g*.) hæv ə ˈsɪmələr fəˈlɑsəfi. ˈriˌkɔl ðət ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ˌɪnˈtrusɪv kənˈteɪnərz ɪz ðət ðeɪ əˈlaʊ ðə ˈjuzər tɪ prəˈvaɪd noʊd ˈmɛməri. ˈjuzərz kən juz ðɪs ər prəˈvaɪd ðɛr oʊn. * pnext*;* pprev*; ˈtɛmplət ti, ˈpɔɪntər, ˈrɛfərəns> klæs ˈpəblɪk: intrusive_list_iterator<t*, ˈpɔɪntər, ˈrɛfərəns> this_type*; intrusive_list_iterator<t*,, ti&>; intrusive_list_iterator<t*,, ti&>; ti; ti; difference_type*; ˈpɔɪntər ˈpɔɪntər; ˈrɛfərəns ˈrɛfərəns; iterator_category*; ˈpəblɪk:(); ɪkˈsplɪsət pnode*);& ɛks); ˈrɛfərəns ˈɑpərˌeɪtər*(); ˈpɔɪntər ˈɑpərˌeɪtər->();& ˈɑpərˌeɪtər++();& ˈɑpərˌeɪtər--(); operator++(int*); operator--(int*); ˈtɛmplət ti > klæs ˈpəblɪk: intrusive_list<t*> this_type*; ti; ti;; difference_type*; ti& ˈrɛfərəns; ti&; ˈpɔɪntər; const_pointer*; intrusive_list_iterator<t*,, ti&>; intrusive_list_iterator<t*,, ti&>; eastl::reverse_iterator<iterator*>; eastl::reverse_iterator<const_iterator*>; ˈpəblɪk:(); this_type*& ɛks); this_type*& this_type*& ɛks); bɪˈgɪn(); bɪˈgɪn(); ɛnd(); ɛnd(); rbegin*(); rbegin*(); rend*(); rend*(); ˈrɛfərəns frənt(); frənt(); ˈrɛfərəns bæk(); bæk(); ˈɛmti(); saɪz(); vɔɪd klɪr(); vɔɪd rɪˈvərs(); vɔɪd push_front(t*& ɛks); vɔɪd pop_front*(); vɔɪd push_back(t*& ɛks); vɔɪd pop_back*(); locate(t*& ɛks); ti& ɛks); ˈpiˈoʊˈɛs, ti& ɛks); ˈpiˈoʊˈɛs); ˈpiˈoʊˈɛs, læst); vɔɪd swap(intrusive_list*&); ˈstætɪk vɔɪd remove(t*& ˈvælju); ɪˈreɪsɪz ən ˈɛləmənt frəm ə lɪst wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ ðə lɪst; vɔɪd ˈpiˈoʊˈɛs, ti& ɛks); vɔɪd ˈpiˈoʊˈɛs,& ɛks); vɔɪd ˈpiˈoʊˈɛs,& ɛks, aɪ); vɔɪd ˈpiˈoʊˈɛs,& ɛks, fərst, læst); vɔɪd merge(this_type*& ɛks); ˈtɛmplət kəmˈpɛr> vɔɪd merge(this_type*& ɛks, kəmˈpɛr kəmˈpɛr); vɔɪd juˈnik(); ˈtɛmplət> vɔɪd unique(binarypredicate*); vɔɪd sɔrt(); kəmˈpɛr> vɔɪd kəmˈpɛr); ˈvælədeɪt(); aɪ); 17 ˌdɪˈseɪblɪŋ əv ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈjuʒəwəli dɪˈseɪbəlz ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ. ə fʊl æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə strɛŋθs ənd ˈwiknəsɪz əv si++ ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ ɪn geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə skoʊp əv ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, bət ə fju ˈkɑmɛnts kən bi meɪd hir tɪ hɛlp ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ səm ˈɪʃuz. ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ ˌɪnˈkərz səm kaɪnd əv kɔst ɪn ɔl kəmˈpaɪlər, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz ðət əˈvɔɪd ðə kɔst ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈnɔrməl ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz ðɪs kɔst meɪ ˈɑrgjuəbli ˈɔfˌsɛt ðə kɔst əv ðə koʊd ðət ɪt ɪz rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ. ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ ɪz ˈɔfən əˈgrid tɪ bi ə suˈpɪriər səˈluʃən fər ˈhændəlɪŋ ə lɑrʤ reɪnʤ əv ˈfəŋkʃən rɪˈtərn ˈvæljuz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ˈfəŋkʃənz ðət nid lɑrʤ ˈreɪnʤɪz əv rɪˈtərn ˈvæljuz ɪz suˈpɪriər tɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ tɪ ˈhændəl səʧ ˈvæljuz. ˈjuzɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ kərˈɛktli kən bi ˈdɪfəkəlt ɪn ðə keɪs əv ˈkɑmplɛks ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ðə ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən əv θroʊ ənd kæʧ kən bi sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ɪkˈspɛnsɪv wɪθ səm. ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ ˈvaɪəleɪts ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv si++, ɛz ɪt ˌɪnˈkərz ˈoʊvərˈhɛd ɪn ˈɛni ˈfəŋkʃən ðət həz dɪˈstrəktəbəl stæk ˈɑbʤɛkts rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈwɛðər ðeɪ juz ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ. ðə əˈproʊʧ ðət geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈjuʒəwəli teɪks ɪz tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðə nid fər ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ wɛr ˈpɑsəbəl; əˈvɔɪd ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ðət meɪ lɛd tɪ ɪkˈsɛpʃənz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ əp frənt ðət ðɛr ɪz ɪˈnəf ˈmɛməri fər ə ˈsəbˌsɪstəm tɪ du ɪts ʤɑb ˌɪnˈstɛd əv traɪɪŋ tɪ dil wɪθ ðə ˈprɑbləm ˈviə ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ ər ˈɛni ˈəðər minz ˈæftər ɪt əˈkərz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, səm geɪm ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz meɪ ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ðə juz əv ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ. ɪts bɛst, howerver*, ɪf səʧ ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz kip ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ ˌɪnˈtərnəl lɛst ðeɪ fɔrs ðɛr ˈjusɪʤ əv ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ ɔn ðə rɛst əv ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. 18 aʊt əv ˈmɛməri dɪz nɑt sɑlv ðə ˈprɑbləm ˈɛni ˈdɪfərˈɛntli ðən (əˈsaɪd frəm ɪt prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌɪnˈtrusɪv kənˈteɪnərz ənd fɪkst saɪz kənˈteɪnərz). ðə səˈluʃən (ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ) ɪz səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ bət ɪz nɑt ˈfeɪvərd ənd ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli dɪˈseɪbəld (si əˈpɛndɪks ˈaɪtəm 17 ðɛr ər fɔr ˈkɑmən səˈluʃənz ɪn geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr tɪ ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ kənˈdɪʃənz wɪˈθɪn ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz: ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri θroʊz ən ɪkˈsɛpʃən ɪf ˈmɛməri ˈkænɑt bi ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd. ðɪs ˈɪzənt juzd ˈvɛri ˈɔfən bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz həz mɔr ˈoʊvərˈhɛd ənd ɪz məʧ ˈhɑrdər tɪ ˈseɪfli juz ðən ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ tu ˈmɛθədz. wən fərˈgɑtən "traɪ" baɪ ðə ˈjuzər ənd ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən kən ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪdli kræʃ. ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər kɔlz ə əˈpɑn ˈfeɪljər, wɛrˈbaɪ ðə ˈjuzər friz əp ˈmɛməri ɪn ən weɪ. ðɪs ɪz ə rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈmɛθəd bɪˈkəz ɪt əˈlaʊz ðə ˈfeɪljər tɪ bi ˈhændəld ɪn ə ˈsɪŋgəl pleɪs ɪn ə kənˈsɪstənt weɪ ənd ɪt ˈoʊnli nidz tɪ bi ˈrɪtən wəns ənd ðə ˈjuzər ˈdəzənt hæv tɪ ˈwəri. ðə ˈjuzər ˈsɪmpli ˌgɛrənˈtiz əp frənt ðət ðɛr ɪz ɪˈnəf ˈmɛməri. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈsɪmpləst ənd moʊst rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈmɛθəd ənd ɪz ðə wən ðæts juzd ðə moʊst. ə ˈkɑmən weɪ əv ˌgɛrənˈtiɪŋ ðə əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti əv ðə ˈmɛməri ɪz tɪ ˈæləˌkeɪt ɪt ənd hænd ɪt tɪ ðə ˈsɪstəm ðət nidz ɪt. ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ənd ˈɛrər ˈvælju əp tɪ ðə ˈkɔlər. ðɪs səˈluʃən ɪz non-optimal*, əˈspɛʃəli ɪf ðɛr ər ˈməltəpəl rɪˈtərn ˈvæljuz ðət ər spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈhændəld. ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ ɪz ˈɔfən kənˈsɪdərd suˈpɪriər tɪ ðɪs səˈluʃən. ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ æt ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ðə kənˈteɪnər ˈjuzər ɪz ˈtidiəs ənd error-prone*; ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ɪt æt ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ðə ˈæləˌkeɪtər ɪz ˈiziər fər ðə ˈjuzər ənd ɪz mɔr rɪˈlaɪəbəl. ˈjuzɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ tɪ ˈprɑpərli ənd ˈseɪfli dil wɪθ kənˈdɪʃənz ɪz ə ˈdɔntɪŋ ənd ˈtidiəs tæsk, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ən ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt əv ˈkəstəm ˈæləˌkeɪtərz. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv si++ ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈhændəlɪŋ ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl bət ˈrəðər ɪz ən ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈjuzɪŋ ɪt wɪθ kənˈteɪnərz. 19 ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrks ˈɔfən mɪs kæˈʃeɪ ˈifɛkts ˈtɪpɪkəli ə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk əv kəmˈpɛrɪŋ tu ˈfəŋkʃənz wɪl goʊ θru səm ˈɛfərt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət ðə ˈmɛʒərmənts ˈɑrənt pəˈlutɪd baɪ ˈmɛməri kæˈʃeɪ ˈifɛkts səʧ ɛz kæˈʃeɪ ˈmɪsɪz. ðɪs ɪz ə faɪn əˈproʊʧ fər kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz ðət ər ˈrəfli ɪkˈwɪvələnt ɪn ðɛr ˈmɛməri ˈifɛkts. ə ˈtɪpɪkəl səʧ ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk wɪl kɔl ə ˈfəŋkʃən wəns, ðɛn stɑrt ðə ˈtaɪmər, kɔl ɪt 1000 taɪmz, ənd ˈfaɪnəli stɑp ðə ˈtaɪmər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, səʧ ə ˈtɛstɪŋ əˈproʊʧ meɪ jild mɪsˈlidɪŋ rɪˈzəlts fər ˈkeɪsɪz wɛrˈbaɪ ðə kəmˈpɛrd ˈfəŋkʃənz ər nɑt ɪkˈwɪvələnt ɪn ðɛr ˈmɛməri ˈifɛkts. ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli ʧoʊz tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr kæˈʃeɪ ˈmɪsɪz ðət əˈkərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst ˈfəŋkʃən kɔl, bət ɪn ˈrilˌwərld ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən səʧ kæˈʃeɪ ˈmɪsɪz meɪ wɛl əˈfɛkt ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən pərˈfɔrməns bɪˈkəz ðiz ˈfəŋkʃənz ˈɑrənt ˈæˌkʧuəli kɔld 1000 taɪmz ɪn ə roʊ wən ˈæftər əˈnəðər. ə ˈbɛtər weɪ əv ˈmɛʒərɪŋ pərˈfɔrməns ɪz tɪ hæv ə 1000 ˈdɪfərənt ˈfəŋkʃənz wɪʧ ər kɔld wən ˈæftər əˈnəðər ənd wɪʧ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ðə koʊd ənd ˈdætə ˈmɛməri ˈkæʃɪz laɪk ə ˈrilˌwərld ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən maɪt. ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl rɪˈpɔrt ɔn si++ pərˈfɔrməns ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz kæˈʃeɪ ˈifɛkts æt wən pɔɪnt ɪn ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt bət simz tɪ dɪsˈmɪs ðɛm ɪn ɪts oʊn ˈmɛʒərmənts ənd kənˈkluʒənz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪt steɪts ðət ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ æˈnælɪsɪs əv ˈvərʧuəl ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪz ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd ənd kənˈkludz ðət ðə kɔst əv ˈvərʧuəl ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪz "ə fɪkst ˈnəmbər əv məˈʃin ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz." ðɪs æˈnælɪsɪs ɪz ˈsəmˈwət mɪsˈlidɪŋ, ɛz ɪt ˌɪmˈplaɪz ðət ðɛr ər noʊ kæˈʃeɪ ˈmɪsɪz ər ðət ˈmɛməri ˈkæʃɪz ər soʊ lɑrʤ ðət ə kæˈʃeɪ mɪs fər ˈɛni koʊd wɪl ˈoʊnli ˈɛvər əˈkər wəns ɔn ˈstɑrˌtəp. si ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə rɪˈpɔrt. ə fʊl dɪˈskəʃən əv ðə ˈjusɪʤ əv ˈvərʧuəl ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪn geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə skoʊp əv ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, bət ɪt ɪz səˈfɪʃənt tɪ seɪ hir ðət ðə kɔst əv ˈvərʧuəl ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪn ˈpræktɪs ɪz ˈlaɪkli ˈgreɪtər ðən ˌɪmˈplaɪd baɪ ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl rɪˈpɔrt ɔn si++ pərˈfɔrməns, ˈlɑrʤli du tɪ ˈpræktɪkəl kæˈʃeɪ ˈifɛkts. 20 pərˈfɔrməns kəmˈpɛrəsən ə ˈkəpəl əv kəmˈpɛrəsənz ər pərˈzɛnəd hir wɪʧ kəmˈpɛr wɪθ ə ˈkɑmənli juzd kəˈmərʃəl ˈvərʒən əv. ɪz ˈʤɛnərəli ˈfæstər, ðoʊ ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz ər ˈmɪnəməl. ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz spid ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ˈɑrənt ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt; ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ noʊ ər kɛr ɪf ˈɛksəˌkjuts 10 ˈfæstər ər sloʊər ɪn. ɪn ˈəðər ˈkeɪsɪz səʧ ɛz wɪθ ðə sɔrt ˈælgərˌɪðəm spid ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. ðə sɔrs koʊd tɪ ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk ɪz dɪˈstrɪbjətəd wɪθ ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt. ə ˌriˈpɔrtəd rɪˈzəlt əv minz ðət ræn 40 ˈfæstər; ə ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ əv minz ðət ræn 33 sloʊər. ɪn ˈpræktɪs, wɪθ ɪt tərnz aʊt ðət pərˈfɔrmz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈbɛtər ðən ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrks ˈɪndəˌkeɪt du tɪ biɪŋ ˈiziər tɪ. ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk koʊd ɪz ˈvɛri ˈsɪmpəl ənd ɪz ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈizi fər ðə kəmˈpaɪlər tɪ, bət ˈrilˌwərld koʊd ɪn ˈpræktɪs ˈɔfən tərnz aʊt tɪ nɑt ɛz wɛl. ə: ˈwɪndoʊz ˈpɛntiəm 4 -ɑg -ɔɪ -ˈoʊˈti -ɔɪ bi: ˈkɑnsoʊl 64 bɪt ˈpaʊərˈpiˈsi -ɑks -ɔɪ -ɑs si: ˈlɪnəks ˈpɛntiəm 4 libstdc*++ di: mæk ɑs ɛks ˈpaʊərˈpiˈsi 32 bɪt moʊd -ɑs libstdc*++ grin: 15 ər mɔr ˈfæstər blu: 15 ər mɔr ˈfæstər tɛst ˈwɪndoʊz ˈkɑnsoʊl ˈlɪnəks mæk algorithm/adj_find/vector<testobject*> algorithm/copy/vector<largepod*> algorithm/copy/vector<uint32_t*> algorithm/copy_backward/vector<largepod*> algorithm/copy_backward/vector<uint32_t*> algorithm/count/vector<uint64_t*> algorithm/equal_range/vector<uint64_t*> algorithm/fill/bool*[] algorithm/fill/char[]/'d*' algorithm/fill/vector<char>/'d*' algorithm/fill/vector<uint64_t*> algorithm/fill/vector<void**> algorithm/fill_n/bool*[] algorithm/fill_n/char*[] algorithm/fill_n/vector<uint64_t*> algorithm/lex_cmp/schar*[] algorithm/lex_cmp/vector<testobject*> algorithm/lex_cmp/vector<uchar*> algorithm/lower_bound/vector<testobject*> algorithm/min_element/vector<testobject*> algorithm/rand_shuffle/vector<uint64_t*> algorithm/reverse/list<testobject*> algorithm/reverse/vector<testobject*> algorithm/search/string<char*> algorithm/search_n/string<char*> algorithm/unique/vector<testobject*> algorithm/unique/vector<uint32_t*> algorithm/unique/vector<uint64_t*> algorithm/upper_bound/vector<uint32_t*> bitset<15>/set*() bitset<15>/set(i*) bitset<35>/set*() bitset<35>/set(i*) bitset<75>/set*() bitset<75>/set(i*) bitset<1500>/set*() bitset<1500>/set(i*) deque<valuepair>/operator*[] hash_map<string*, hash_map<string*, hash_map<string*, ˈpiˈoʊˈɛs hash_map<string*, reɪnʤ hash_map<string*, væl hash_map<string*, hash_map<string*, hash_map<string*, hash_map<string*, hash_map<string*, uint32_t>/operator*[] hash_map<uint32_t*, hash_map<uint32_t*, hash_map<uint32_t*, ˈpiˈoʊˈɛs hash_map<uint32_t*, reɪnʤ hash_map<uint32_t*, væl hash_map<uint32_t*, hash_map<uint32_t*, hash_map<uint32_t*, hash_map<uint32_t*, testobject>/operator*[] hip hip hip hip hip hip hip hip list<testobject>/ctor(it*) list<testobject>/ctor(n*) map<testobject*, map<testobject*, map<testobject*, map<testobject*, map<testobject*, map<testobject*, map<testobject*, map<testobject*, map<testobject*, map<testobject*, map<testobject*, uint32_t>/operator*[] map<testobject*, reɪnʤ sort/q_sort/testobject*[] sort/q_sort/vector<testobject*> sort/q_sort/vector<valuepair*> string<char16_t>/operator*[] string<char8_t>/operator*[] vector<uint64>/operator*[] 21 ɪz nɑt ə məˈʃin wərd ðə ˈdætə taɪp wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə məˈʃin wərd. ðə ˈstændərd steɪts: ə ‘‘‘‘plain’’*’’ ˈɑbʤɛkt həz ðə ˈnæʧərəl saɪz səˈʤɛstɪd baɪ ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər əv ðə ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt bət ɪn ˈpræktɪs ɪz ˈnɪrli ˈɔlˌweɪz 4 baɪts (int32_t*), ˈivɪn ɔn 64 bɪt ənd 128 bɪt ˈplætˌfɔrmz. 22 haʊ du ju meɪk ə noʊd pul fər ə lɪŋkt lɪst? ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ meɪk ə ðət ˈjuzɪz ə noʊd pul, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈpɔrtəbəl weɪ tɪ du ɪt, ɛz ju doʊnt noʊ wət jʊr ˈæləˌkeɪtər nidz tɪ ˈæləˌkeɪt: ˈtɛmplət allocsize*, nodecount*> klæs nodepool*{

the new york islanders will welcome captain john tavares back to the lineup for their contest against the montreal canadiens, head coach jack capuano confirmed. the has missed the islanders' last three games with what the team deemed symptoms," but after taking an optional skate thursday, he was inserted into the lineup. tavares explained the severity of his illness thursday, saying it rendered him unable to eat until monday, when he was then forced to try to put on the weight he lost, according to basu. with tavares returning to the lineup, forward steve bernier will draw out. bernier comes out with tavares back in. capuano very pleased with play. arthur staple (@stapenewsday) november 5, 2015 despite missing three games, tavares leads the club in scoring with five goals and 11 points in 10 games.

ðə nu jɔrk ˈaɪləndərz wɪl ˈwɛlkəm ˈkæptən ʤɑn tɑˈvɑrɛs bæk tɪ ðə ˈlaɪˌnəp fər ðɛr ˈkɑntɛst əˈgɛnst ðə ˌməntriˈɔl canadiens*, hɛd koʊʧ ʤæk kɑpuˈɑnoʊ kənˈfərmd. ðə həz mɪst ðə ˈaɪləndərz' læst θri geɪmz wɪθ wət ðə tim dimd ˈsɪmptəmz," bət ˈæftər ˈteɪkɪŋ ən ˈɔpʃənəl skeɪt ˈθərzˌdeɪ, hi wɑz ˌɪnˈsərtɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˈlaɪˌnəp. tɑˈvɑrɛs ɪkˈspleɪnd ðə sɪˈvɛrɪti əv hɪz ˈɪlnəs ˈθərzˌdeɪ, seɪɪŋ ɪt ˈrɛndərd ɪm əˈneɪbəl tɪ it ənˈtɪl ˈmənˌdeɪ, wɪn hi wɑz ðɛn fɔrst tɪ traɪ tɪ pʊt ɔn ðə weɪt hi lɔst, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈbɑsu. wɪθ tɑˈvɑrɛs rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈlaɪˌnəp, ˈfɔrwərd stiv ˈbərniər wɪl drɔ aʊt. ˈbərniər kəmz aʊt wɪθ tɑˈvɑrɛs bæk ɪn. kɑpuˈɑnoʊ ˈvɛri plizd wɪθ pleɪ. ˈɑrθər ˈsteɪpəl (@stapenewsday*) noʊˈvɛmbər 5 2015 dɪˈspaɪt ˈmɪsɪŋ θri geɪmz, tɑˈvɑrɛs lidz ðə kləb ɪn ˈskɔrɪŋ wɪθ faɪv goʊlz ənd 11 pɔɪnts ɪn 10 geɪmz.

toronto when playoff time comes, the smallest margins can have major impacts. toronto head into the first leg of the eastern conference championship with the aim of extending their 2016 audi cup playoff run. standing in their way are a familiar foe: montreal impact. the canadian rivals are well acquainted, having played some eight times over the past calendar year, but tuesday's game (8 pm et,, in canada | in us) brings a new wrinkle into the occasion, as the match will be played at olympic stadium, also known as the "big o." compared to stade saputo, the massive big o, poses a unique challenge, foremost in the mind is, of course, the surface. where saputo houses a fine grass pitch, the big o's is artificial turf. “it's going to be different,” said toronto jonathan osorio last week. “...both teams are going to play on it; it's going to be a level playing field. a couple of things will be different, but we'll just have to adjust.” “usually these turf field are fast, they're bouncy,” remarked head coach greg. “the game has a hard time settling down because the ball doesn't settle. it's a different type of game, we have to be ready for anything. you have to be switched on, ready for a game that could be high energy; the ball will be fast, the intensity will be there no question.” as a club, are no strangers to the big o. they have played there three times, twice in the league and once in the amway canadian championship both matches ended in losses, while the cup match was a affair but the last time was back in 2013. osorio and defender morgan are the lone toronto holdovers from that time. “turf is just one factor,” reiterated at a subsequent media session last week. “if they train on it, maybe they get an advantage, but the game comes down to who can execute in key moments and who is aware of the strengths and weaknesses of the opposition, and who can deal with it.” another consideration that must factor into the calculus is that this is only the first leg. with the second game at field, will look to play shutdown soccer away, or aim to secure an advantage to take home? “it's important that we set ourselves up appropriately. that's the key to going on the road first,” explained. “we've seen in this last round, it doesn't always benefit those teams [to have the second leg at home]. we have to be smart about it: pay attention to details, stay together, work hard for the common goal. if we can do that, we give ourselves the best shot.” still another variable will be the vociferous and partisan crowd. montreal recently announced they have sold over tickets with the match still six days away, and while there will be a strong crowd of toronto fans, the vast majority will be supporting the team in blue. “it's going to be a great crowd, [a] good time atmosphere, so we're excited about that,” said goalkeeper clint irwin last week. and superstar sebastian welcomed the spectacle: “it's a show; the more people in attendance the better.”

tərˈɑntoʊ wɪn pleɪɔf taɪm kəmz, ðə sˈmɔləst ˈmɑrʤənz kən hæv ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪmˈpækts. tərˈɑntoʊ hɛd ˈɪntu ðə fərst lɛg əv ðə ˈistərn ˈkɑnfərəns ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə eɪm əv ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ ðɛr 2016 ˈɔdi kəp pleɪɔf rən. ˈstændɪŋ ɪn ðɛr weɪ ər ə fəˈmɪljər foʊ: ˌməntriˈɔl ˌɪmˈpækt. ðə kəˈneɪdiən ˈraɪvəlz ər wɛl əkˈweɪnɪd, ˈhævɪŋ pleɪd səm eɪt taɪmz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈkæləndər jɪr, bət ˈtuzˌdeɪz geɪm 8 piɛm ɛt, ɪn ˈkænədə ɪn ˈjuˈɛs) brɪŋz ə nu ˈrɪŋkəl ˈɪntu ðə əˈkeɪʒən, ɛz ðə mæʧ wɪl bi pleɪd æt oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈsteɪdiəm, ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ðə "bɪg oʊ." kəmˈpɛrd tɪ steɪd sɑˈputoʊ, ðə ˈmæsɪv bɪg oʊ, ˈpoʊzɪz ə juˈnik ˈʧælənʤ, ˈfɔrˌmoʊst ɪn ðə maɪnd ɪz, əv kɔrs, ðə ˈsərfəs. wɛr sɑˈputoʊ ˈhaʊsɪz ə faɪn græs pɪʧ, ðə bɪg oʊz ɪz ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl tərf. goʊɪŋ tɪ bi different,”*,” sɛd tərˈɑntoʊ ˈʤɑnəθən oʊˈsɔrioʊ læst wik. timz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ pleɪ ɔn ɪt; ɪts goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə ˈlɛvəl pleɪɪŋ fild. ə ˈkəpəl əv θɪŋz wɪl bi ˈdɪfərənt, bət wɪl ʤɪst hæv tɪ adjust.”*.” ðiz tərf fild ər fæst, ðɛr bouncy,”*,” rɪˈmɑrkt hɛd koʊʧ grɛg. geɪm həz ə hɑrd taɪm ˈsɛtəlɪŋ daʊn bɪˈkəz ðə bɔl ˈdəzənt ˈsɛtəl. ɪts ə ˈdɪfərənt taɪp əv geɪm, wi hæv tɪ bi ˈrɛdi fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ju hæv tɪ bi swɪʧt ɔn, ˈrɛdi fər ə geɪm ðət kʊd bi haɪ ˈɛnərʤi; ðə bɔl wɪl bi fæst, ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti wɪl bi ðɛr noʊ question.”*.” ɛz ə kləb, ər noʊ ˈstreɪnʤərz tɪ ðə bɪg oʊ. ðeɪ hæv pleɪd ðɛr θri taɪmz, twaɪs ɪn ðə lig ənd wəns ɪn ðə ˈæmˌweɪ kəˈneɪdiən ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp boʊθ ˈmæʧɪz ˈɛndɪd ɪn ˈlɔsɪz, waɪl ðə kəp mæʧ wɑz ə əˈfɛr bət ðə læst taɪm wɑz bæk ɪn 2013 oʊˈsɔrioʊ ənd dɪˈfɛndər ˈmɔrgən ər ðə loʊn tərˈɑntoʊ ˈhoʊlˌdoʊvərz frəm ðət taɪm. ɪz ʤɪst wən factor,”*,” riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪd æt ə ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈmidiə ˈsɛʃən læst wik. ðeɪ treɪn ɔn ɪt, ˈmeɪbi ðeɪ gɪt ən ædˈvæntɪʤ, bət ðə geɪm kəmz daʊn tɪ hu kən ˈɛksəˌkjut ɪn ki ˈmoʊmənts ənd hu ɪz əˈwɛr əv ðə strɛŋθs ənd ˈwiknəsɪz əv ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən, ənd hu kən dil wɪθ it.”*.” əˈnəðər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ðət məst ˈfæktər ˈɪntu ðə ˈkælkjələs ɪz ðət ðɪs ɪz ˈoʊnli ðə fərst lɛg. wɪθ ðə ˈsɛkənd geɪm æt fild, wɪl lʊk tɪ pleɪ ˈʃətˌdaʊn ˈsɑkər əˈweɪ, ər eɪm tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ən ædˈvæntɪʤ tɪ teɪk hoʊm? ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət wi sɛt ɑrˈsɛlvz əp əˈproʊpriɪtli. ðæts ðə ki tɪ goʊɪŋ ɔn ðə roʊd first,”*,” ɪkˈspleɪnd. sin ɪn ðɪs læst raʊnd, ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈbɛnəfɪt ðoʊz timz [tɪ hæv ðə ˈsɛkənd lɛg æt hoʊm]. wi hæv tɪ bi smɑrt əˈbaʊt ɪt: peɪ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈditeɪlz, steɪ təˈgɛðər, wərk hɑrd fər ðə ˈkɑmən goʊl. ɪf wi kən du ðət, wi gɪv ɑrˈsɛlvz ðə bɛst shot.”*.” stɪl əˈnəðər ˈvɛriəbəl wɪl bi ðə voʊˈsɪfərəs ənd ˈpɑrtəzən kraʊd. ˌməntriˈɔl ˈrisəntli əˈnaʊnst ðeɪ hæv soʊld ˈoʊvər ˈtɪkɪts wɪθ ðə mæʧ stɪl sɪks deɪz əˈweɪ, ənd waɪl ðɛr wɪl bi ə strɔŋ kraʊd əv tərˈɑntoʊ fænz, ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti wɪl bi səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə tim ɪn blu. goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə greɪt kraʊd, [ə] gʊd taɪm ˈætməsˌfɪr, soʊ wɪr ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt that,”*,” sɛd ˈgoʊlˌkipər klɪnt ˈərwɪn læst wik. ənd ˌsupərˈstɑr səˈbæsʧən ˈwɛlkəmd ðə ˈspɛktəkəl: ə ʃoʊ; ðə mɔr ˈpipəl ɪn əˈtɛndəns ðə better.”*.”

“the united states has great strength and patience, but if it is forced to defend itself or its allies, we will have no choice but to totally destroy north korea,” said president donald trump on tuesday morning during his maiden speech before the united nations general assembly. “rocket new nickname for north korean kim jong on a suicide mission for himself and for his regime.” if there is a war on the korean peninsula, as appears increasingly likely, what happens after the guns go silent? the reconstruction of the korean nation, after more than a century of tragedy and division, would be one of the most difficult and expensive projects in history. the cost of rebuilding the democratic republic of korea, as the north calls itself, is beyond the means of seoul. there are south korean estimates ranging from $50 billion to $229 billion. add in rebuilding the south, and the tab can soar to over $5 trillion. yet the real cost is the suffering of more than 25 million north koreans. many tell us they would try to move north in the event of the destruction of the kim regime so beijing is worried about the influx of refugees in its northeastern provinces. it does not appear, however, that chinese officials are especially concerned about the ability of the liberation army, backed up by the armed police, to close the border with the north. after all, that border is defined by three natural boundaries: the and rivers and an active volcano, mt. paektu. in any event, it is unlikely that north koreans want to leave their fate to the hated chinese when they can more easily walk across the demilitarized zone, the strip of land separating the two koreas. in an era of considerably less tension, corridors in the border area were de-mined. refugees, therefore, merely have to stroll be with other safe paved highways and railroad tracks. that means, if north korea were to be “totally destroyed,” the first job of south korean and u.s. troops would be to stabilize the population of north korea. the south korean military would likely execute “stabilization operations that will focus on two key objectives: establish security and restore essential services with the intent to keep the korean population fixed in their villages receiving essential support to minimize the humanitarian crisis,” david maxwell, of georgetown center for security studies, told the daily beast on tuesday. at the same time, south korean forces, assisted by the u.s., would have to go on the most important easter egg hunt in history. they would have to, as maxwell said, “search, locate, secure, render safe, account for, and as appropriate destroy any remaining weapons of mass destruction.” and have to do this in a hostile environment, one “exponentially more complex than iraq,” says maxwell, a former u.s. army special forces colonel with five korea tours. the north koreans are indoctrinated to hate americans, almost all males have military training, and they will have guns. moreover, the population has been raised on a myth glorifying “partisan warfare.” so what could be more dangerous? as south korean and american forces move north, the chinese would probably move south. china’s military would also want to find nuclear weapons, stocks of chemical and biological agents, and ballistic missiles. beijing, however, covets something even more important to china: paper. the chinese would need to secure north korean archives, which will likely show their complicity in the kim weapons programs and its horrific crimes. this means china almost certainly would try to secure the capital of pyongyang and weapons sites before south korean and american forces did so. south korean and american military officers and diplomats have, for decades, tried to discuss with their chinese counterparts what happens when, for whatever reason, the kim regime can no longer rule. maxwell points out that “this can hardly be called coordination.” why not? “these engagements,” he said, “are generally one-way with no reciprocal sharing from the chinese side.” therefore, beijing, at least at this time, does not seem to be particularly interested in attempts to “minimize misunderstanding and miscalculation.” it is often said that chinese officials do not participate in these discussions for fear of offending their north korean allies. another reason, however, may be that chinese military officers do not want to reveal their plans because they want to control the northern portion of the korean peninsula. leading korea watcher bruce bechtol of angelo state university told me that the chinese would undoubtedly end up talking to washington and seoul if and when the time comes. bechtol, the author of north korea and regional security in the kim era, is probably correct, as the specter of war should tend to convince beijing that it has no choice but to coordinate. but should the chinese decide not to do the right thing, the total destruction of north korea could lead to two large armies with incompatible objectives coming into contact with each other in a wartime setting. miscalculation in these fluid circumstances haunts war planners like robert collins, who has worked with u.s. forces korea in this area. as he told the daily beast, if kim loses control, planning for all sides becomes “exceptionally complex and challenging.” that’s when the real fighting in korea could begin.

““the* juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts həz greɪt strɛŋθ ənd ˈpeɪʃəns, bət ɪf ɪt ɪz fɔrst tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ˌɪtˈsɛlf ər ɪts ˈælaɪz, wi wɪl hæv noʊ ʧɔɪs bət tɪ ˈtoʊtəli dɪˈstrɔɪ nɔrθ korea,”*,” sɛd ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈmeɪdən spiʧ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈʤɛnərəl əˈsɛmbli. nu ˈnɪkˌneɪm fər nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən kɪm ʤɔŋ ɔn ə ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ˈmɪʃən fər hɪmˈsɛlf ənd fər hɪz regime.”*.” ɪf ðɛr ɪz ə wɔr ɔn ðə ˌkɔˈriən pəˈnɪnsələ, ɛz əˈpɪrz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈlaɪkli, wət ˈhæpənz ˈæftər ðə gənz goʊ ˈsaɪlənt? ðə ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən əv ðə ˌkɔˈriən ˈneɪʃən, ˈæftər mɔr ðən ə ˈsɛnʧəri əv ˈtræʤədi ənd dɪˈvɪʒən, wʊd bi wən əv ðə moʊst ˈdɪfəkəlt ənd ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪn ˈhɪstəri. ðə kɔst əv riˈbɪldɪŋ ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk riˈpəblɪk əv ˌkɔˈriə, ɛz ðə nɔrθ kɔlz ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ɪz bɪɔnd ðə minz əv soʊl. ðɛr ər saʊθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm 50 ˈbɪljən tɪ 229 ˈbɪljən. æd ɪn riˈbɪldɪŋ ðə saʊθ, ənd ðə tæb kən sɔr tɪ ˈoʊvər 5 ˈtrɪljən. jɛt ðə ril kɔst ɪz ðə ˈsəfərɪŋ əv mɔr ðən 25 ˈmɪljən nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriənz. ˈmɛni tɛl ˈjuˈɛs ðeɪ wʊd traɪ tɪ muv nɔrθ ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnt əv ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ðə kɪm rəˈʒim soʊ ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ ɪz ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɪnˌfləks əv ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ɪn ɪts ˌnɔrˈθistərn ˈprɑvənsəz. ɪt dɪz nɑt əˈpɪr, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ʧaɪˈniz əˈfɪʃəlz ər əˈspɛʃəli kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðə əˈbɪləˌti əv ðə ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən ˈɑrmi, bækt əp baɪ ðə ɑrmd pəˈlis, tɪ kloʊz ðə ˈbɔrdər wɪθ ðə nɔrθ. ˈæftər ɔl, ðət ˈbɔrdər ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ θri ˈnæʧərəl ˈbaʊndəriz: ðə ənd ˈrɪvərz ənd ən ˈæktɪv vɑlˈkeɪnoʊ, ˈɛmˈti. paektu*. ɪn ˈɛni ɪˈvɛnt, ɪt ɪz ənˈlaɪkli ðət nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriənz wɔnt tɪ liv ðɛr feɪt tɪ ðə ˈheɪtɪd ʧaɪˈniz wɪn ðeɪ kən mɔr ˈizəli wɔk əˈkrɔs ðə diˈmɪlətərˌaɪzd zoʊn, ðə strɪp əv lænd ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə tu ˈkɔriəz. ɪn ən ˈɪrə əv kənˈsɪdərəbli lɛs ˈtɛnʃən, ˈkɔrɪdərz ɪn ðə ˈbɔrdər ˈɛriə wər de-mined*. ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ˈmɪrli hæv tɪ stroʊl bi wɪθ ˈəðər seɪf peɪvd ˈhaɪˌweɪz ənd ˈreɪˌlroʊd træks. ðət minz, ɪf nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə wər tɪ bi destroyed,”*,” ðə fərst ʤɑb əv saʊθ ˌkɔˈriən ənd juz. trups wʊd bi tɪ ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə. ðə saʊθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri wʊd ˈlaɪkli ˈɛksəˌkjut ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ðət wɪl ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn tu ki əˈbʤɛktɪvz: ɪˈstæblɪʃ sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd rɪˈstɔr ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnt tɪ kip ðə ˌkɔˈriən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən fɪkst ɪn ðɛr ˈvɪlɪʤɪz rɪˈsivɪŋ ɛˈsɛnʃəl səˈpɔrt tɪ ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz ðə ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən crisis,”*,” ˈdeɪvɪd ˈmæksˌwɛl, əv ˈʤɔrʤˌtaʊn ˈsɛnər fər sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈstədiz, toʊld ðə ˈdeɪli bist ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, saʊθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈfɔrsɪz, əˈsɪstɪd baɪ ðə juz., wʊd hæv tɪ goʊ ɔn ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈistər ɛg hənt ɪn ˈhɪstəri. ðeɪ wʊd hæv tɪ, ɛz ˈmæksˌwɛl sɛd, ““search*, ˈloʊˌkeɪt, sɪˈkjʊr, ˈrɛndər seɪf, əˈkaʊnt fər, ənd ɛz əˈproʊpriˌeɪt dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈɛni rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈwɛpənz əv mæs destruction.”*.” ənd hæv tɪ du ðɪs ɪn ə ˈhɑstəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, wən mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən iraq,”*,” sɪz ˈmæksˌwɛl, ə ˈfɔrmər juz. ˈɑrmi ˈspɛʃəl ˈfɔrsɪz ˈkərnəl wɪθ faɪv ˌkɔˈriə tʊrz. ðə nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriənz ər ˌɪnˈdɑktrəˌneɪtɪd tɪ heɪt əˈmɛrɪkənz, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl meɪlz hæv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈtreɪnɪŋ, ənd ðeɪ wɪl hæv gənz. mɔˈroʊvər, ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən həz bɪn reɪzd ɔn ə mɪθ ˈglɔrəˌfaɪɪŋ warfare.”*.” soʊ wət kʊd bi mɔr ˈdeɪnʤərəs? ɛz saʊθ ˌkɔˈriən ənd əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfɔrsɪz muv nɔrθ, ðə ʧaɪˈniz wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli muv saʊθ. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ wɔnt tɪ faɪnd ˈnukliər ˈwɛpənz, stɑks əv ˈkɛmɪkəl ənd ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈeɪʤənts, ənd bəˈlɪstɪk ˈmɪsəlz. ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈkəvəts ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈivɪn mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˈʧaɪnə: ˈpeɪpər. ðə ʧaɪˈniz wʊd nid tɪ sɪˈkjʊr nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈɑrˌkaɪvz, wɪʧ wɪl ˈlaɪkli ʃoʊ ðɛr kəmˈplɪsɪti ɪn ðə kɪm ˈwɛpənz ˈproʊˌgræmz ənd ɪts hɔˈrɪfɪk kraɪmz. ðɪs minz ˈʧaɪnə ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli wʊd traɪ tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ðə ˈkæpɪtəl əv ˈpjɔŋˈjæŋ ənd ˈwɛpənz saɪts ˌbiˈfɔr saʊθ ˌkɔˈriən ənd əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfɔrsɪz dɪd soʊ. saʊθ ˌkɔˈriən ənd əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɔfɪsərz ənd ˈdɪpləˌmæts hæv, fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, traɪd tɪ dɪˈskəs wɪθ ðɛr ʧaɪˈniz ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts wət ˈhæpənz wɪn, fər ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈrizən, ðə kɪm rəˈʒim kən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər rul. ˈmæksˌwɛl pɔɪnts aʊt ðət kən ˈhɑrdli bi kɔld coordination.”*.” waɪ nɑt? engagements,”*,” hi sɛd, ˈʤɛnərəli ˈwənˈweɪ wɪθ noʊ rɪˈsɪprəkəl ˈʃɛrɪŋ frəm ðə ʧaɪˈniz side.”*.” ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ, æt list æt ðɪs taɪm, dɪz nɑt sim tɪ bi ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ ənd miscalculation.”*.” ɪt ɪz ˈɔfən sɛd ðət ʧaɪˈniz əˈfɪʃəlz du nɑt pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðiz dɪˈskəʃənz fər fɪr əv əˈfɛndɪŋ ðɛr nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈælaɪz. əˈnəðər ˈrizən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, meɪ bi ðət ʧaɪˈniz ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɔfɪsərz du nɑt wɔnt tɪ rɪˈvil ðɛr plænz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˌkɔˈriən pəˈnɪnsələ. ˈlidɪŋ ˌkɔˈriə ˈwɑʧər brus ˈbɛktəl əv ˈænʤəˌloʊ steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti toʊld mi ðət ðə ʧaɪˈniz wʊd ənˈdaʊtɪdli ɛnd əp ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ənd soʊl ɪf ənd wɪn ðə taɪm kəmz. ˈbɛktəl, ðə ˈɔθər əv nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ənd ˈriʤənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪn ðə kɪm ˈɪrə, ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli kərˈɛkt, ɛz ðə ˈspɛktər əv wɔr ʃʊd tɛnd tɪ kənˈvɪns ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ ðət ɪt həz noʊ ʧɔɪs bət tɪ koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt. bət ʃʊd ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˌdɪˈsaɪd nɑt tɪ du ðə raɪt θɪŋ, ðə ˈtoʊtəl dɪˈstrəkʃən əv nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə kʊd lɛd tɪ tu lɑrʤ ˈɑrmiz wɪθ ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl əˈbʤɛktɪvz ˈkəmɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər ɪn ə ˈwɔrˌtaɪm ˈsɛtɪŋ. mɪˈskælkjəˈleɪʃən ɪn ðiz fluɪd ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz hɔnts wɔr ˈplænərz laɪk ˈrɑbərt ˈkɑlɪnz, hu həz wərkt wɪθ juz. ˈfɔrsɪz ˌkɔˈriə ɪn ðɪs ˈɛriə. ɛz hi toʊld ðə ˈdeɪli bist, ɪf kɪm ˈluzɪz kənˈtroʊl, ˈplænɪŋ fər ɔl saɪdz bɪˈkəmz ˈkɑmplɛks ənd challenging.”*.” wɪn ðə ril ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɪn ˌkɔˈriə kʊd bɪˈgɪn.

anyone who has ever been near a dairy knows that cows can be smelly beasts: they fart and poop constantly, filling the air for miles with the acrid scent of their bowels. for anyone who may find that aroma repulsive, california is on the case. california gov. jerry brown this week signed into law a bill that would place limitations on emissions of greenhouse gasses like methane and black carbon. those types of gasses, known collectively as super pollutants, have some of the biggest impacts on global warming but remain in the atmosphere for a much shorter period of time than). the new california law requires the state to approve and begin implementing a strategy to cut super pollutant emissions from dairy, livestock, organic waste and landfills. they must reach a goal that includes a cut of methane emissions by 40 percent, gases by 40 percent and anthropogenic black carbon by 50 percent below 2013 levels by 2020. cow farts, for their part, are rich in methane. “cutting black carbon and other super pollutants is the critical next step in our program to combat climate change,” brown said monday in a statement after signing the law. “this bill curbs these dangerous pollutants and thereby protects public health and slows climate change.” hydrofluorocarbons (hfcs) are used in refrigeration and air conditioning and began being used to replace ozone destroying chlorofluorocarbons. black carbon is created when fossil fuels burnt completely it's basically soot. methane comes from a variety of organic sources, including living animals and landfills. the three gasses have varying levels of potency and lifespans. methane is roughly 30 times better at trapping heat than and stays in the atmosphere for an average of roughly 20 years. are times more potent than and have a 14 year lifetime. black carbon stays in the atmosphere for just weeks and is very potent, though it has a variable potency. removing just one ton of diesel black carbon from the atmosphere, office said, is equivalent to taking out to tons of. “the policies that california is implementing, if achieved worldwide, would cut the expected rate of global warming in half by 2050, save millions of lives, avoid millions of tons of crop losses per year and slow dangerous climate such as melting ice caps and rising sea levels," dr. ramanathan, a distinguished professor at the san diego scripps institution of oceanography, said in a statement accompanying browns’ comments. the potential to eliminating greenhouse gasses is an obvious goal for california. the state, which is in its fifth year of a blistering drought, is already being impacted by the effects from a warming climate which exacerbates conditions that may extend that drought, new research this week showed. if those effects mitigated, the state could potentially be looking at prolonged drought for decades or centuries to come, that report suggested.

ˈɛniˌwən hu həz ˈɛvər bɪn nɪr ə ˈdɛri noʊz ðət kaʊz kən bi sˈmɛli bists: ðeɪ fɑrt ənd pup ˈkɑnstəntli, ˈfɪlɪŋ ðə ɛr fər maɪəlz wɪθ ðə ˈækrɪd sɛnt əv ðɛr baʊəlz. fər ˈɛniˌwən hu meɪ faɪnd ðət ərˈoʊmə riˈpəlsɪv, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ɪz ɔn ðə keɪs. ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə gəv. ˈʤɛri braʊn ðɪs wik saɪnd ˈɪntu lɔ ə bɪl ðət wʊd pleɪs ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz ɔn ɪˈmɪʃənz əv ˈgrinˌhaʊs ˈgæsɪz laɪk ˈmɛˌθeɪn ənd blæk ˈkɑrbən. ðoʊz taɪps əv ˈgæsɪz, noʊn kəˈlɛktɪvli ɛz ˈsupər pəˈlutənts, hæv səm əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˌɪmˈpækts ɔn ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ bət rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr fər ə məʧ ˈʃɔrtər ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm ðən ðə nu ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə lɔ rikˈwaɪərz ðə steɪt tɪ əˈpruv ənd bɪˈgɪn ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ə ˈstrætəʤi tɪ kət ˈsupər pəˈlutənt ɪˈmɪʃənz frəm ˈdɛri, ˈlaɪvˌstɑk, ɔrˈgænɪk weɪst ənd ˈlændˌfɪlz. ðeɪ məst riʧ ə goʊl ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ə kət əv ˈmɛˌθeɪn ɪˈmɪʃənz baɪ 40 pərˈsɛnt, ˈgæsɪz baɪ 40 pərˈsɛnt ənd ˌænθrəpəˈʤɛnɪk blæk ˈkɑrbən baɪ 50 pərˈsɛnt bɪˈloʊ 2013 ˈlɛvəlz baɪ 2020 kaʊ farts*, fər ðɛr pɑrt, ər rɪʧ ɪn ˈmɛˌθeɪn. blæk ˈkɑrbən ənd ˈəðər ˈsupər pəˈlutənts ɪz ðə ˈkrɪtɪkəl nɛkst stɛp ɪn ɑr ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ ˈkɑmbæt ˈklaɪmɪt change,”*,” braʊn sɛd ˈmənˌdeɪ ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈæftər ˈsaɪnɪŋ ðə lɔ. bɪl kərbz ðiz ˈdeɪnʤərəs pəˈlutənts ənd ˈðɛrˈbaɪ prəˈtɛkts ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ ənd sloʊz ˈklaɪmɪt change.”*.” (hfcs*) ər juzd ɪn rɪˌfrɪʤərˈeɪʃən ənd ɛr kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ ənd bɪˈgæn biɪŋ juzd tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ˈoʊˌzoʊn dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ˈklɔroʊˈflɔroʊˈkɑrbɑnz. blæk ˈkɑrbən ɪz kriˈeɪtɪd wɪn ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz bərnt kəmˈplitli ɪts ˈbeɪsɪkli sʊt. ˈmɛˌθeɪn kəmz frəm ə vərˈaɪəti əv ɔrˈgænɪk ˈsɔrsəz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈænəməlz ənd ˈlændˌfɪlz. ðə θri ˈgæsɪz hæv ˈvɛriɪŋ ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈpoʊtənsi ənd ˈlaɪfˌspænz. ˈmɛˌθeɪn ɪz ˈrəfli 30 taɪmz ˈbɛtər æt ˈtræpɪŋ hit ðən ənd steɪz ɪn ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr fər ən ˈævərɪʤ əv ˈrəfli 20 jɪrz. ər taɪmz mɔr ˈpoʊtənt ðən ənd hæv ə 14 jɪr ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm. blæk ˈkɑrbən steɪz ɪn ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr fər ʤɪst wiks ənd ɪz ˈvɛri ˈpoʊtənt, ðoʊ ɪt həz ə ˈvɛriəbəl ˈpoʊtənsi. riˈmuvɪŋ ʤɪst wən tən əv ˈdizəl blæk ˈkɑrbən frəm ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr, ˈɔfəs sɛd, ɪz ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ aʊt tɪ tənz əv ˈpɑləsiz ðət ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ɪz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ, ɪf əˈʧivd ˈwərldˈwaɪd, wʊd kət ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd reɪt əv ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ ɪn hæf baɪ 2050 seɪv ˈmɪljənz əv lɪvz, əˈvɔɪd ˈmɪljənz əv tənz əv krɑp ˈlɔsɪz pər jɪr ənd sloʊ ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈklaɪmɪt səʧ ɛz ˈmɛltɪŋ aɪs kæps ənd ˈraɪzɪŋ si ˈlɛvəlz," ˈdɑktər. ramanathan*, ə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt prəˈfɛsər æt ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ skrɪps ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ˌoʊʃəˈnɑgrəfi, sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt əˈkəmpəniɪŋ browns’*’ ˈkɑmɛnts. ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ˈgrinˌhaʊs ˈgæsɪz ɪz ən ˈɑbviəs goʊl fər ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. ðə steɪt, wɪʧ ɪz ɪn ɪts fɪθ jɪr əv ə ˈblɪstərɪŋ draʊt, ɪz ɔˈrɛdi biɪŋ ˌɪmˈpæktɪd baɪ ðə ˈifɛkts frəm ə ˈwɔrmɪŋ ˈklaɪmɪt wɪʧ ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪts kənˈdɪʃənz ðət meɪ ɪkˈstɛnd ðət draʊt, nu ˈrisərʧ ðɪs wik ʃoʊd. ɪf ðoʊz ˈifɛkts ˈmɪtəˌgeɪtɪd, ðə steɪt kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli bi ˈlʊkɪŋ æt prəˈlɔŋd draʊt fər ˈdɛkeɪdz ər ˈsɛnʧəriz tɪ kəm, ðət rɪˈpɔrt səˈʤɛstɪd.

'give it to your woman, it's her job' laundry tag doesn't wash with many when emma barnett saw the laundry tag in her boyfriend's pants she was shocked. "give it to your woman," it read. "it's her job." so barnett did what you would expect the digital media editor of the telegraph would do. she posted the photo online and started tweeting. one day later, the was in a tizzy and she had turned up the name of the company responsible. "the beige pair of in question were purchased in london at flagship oxford street store last month," barnett reported tuesday. and a company spokesman told her "the care instructions on this product were not proofed by our buyers who normally concern themselves with quality, style and price of the products they order. ... the wording is clearly meant as a joke but now it has been pointed out to us it is something we will need to be more careful about in the future." if you're interested in following the twitter debate, which continues, the proper search term is #sexisttrousers.

'gɪv ɪt tɪ jʊr ˈwʊmən, ɪts hər ʤɑb' ˈlɔndri tæg ˈdəzənt wɑʃ wɪθ ˈmɛni wɪn ˈɛmə bɑrˈnɛt sɔ ðə ˈlɔndri tæg ɪn hər ˈbɔɪˌfrɛndz pænts ʃi wɑz ʃɑkt. "gɪv ɪt tɪ jʊr ˈwʊmən," ɪt rɛd. "ɪts hər ʤɑb." soʊ bɑrˈnɛt dɪd wət ju wʊd ɪkˈspɛkt ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈmidiə ˈɛdɪtər əv ðə ˈtɛləˌgræf wʊd du. ʃi ˈpoʊstɪd ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ənd ˈstɑrtɪd tweeting*. wən deɪ ˈleɪtər, ðə wɑz ɪn ə ˈtɪzi ənd ʃi hæd tərnd əp ðə neɪm əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni riˈspɑnsəbəl. "ðə beɪʒ pɛr əv ɪn kˈwɛʃən wər ˈpərʧəst ɪn ˈləndən æt ˈflægˌʃɪp ˈɑksfərd strit stɔr læst mənθ," bɑrˈnɛt ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈtuzˌdeɪ. ənd ə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈspoʊksmən toʊld hər "ðə kɛr ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz ɔn ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt wər nɑt pruft baɪ ɑr baɪərz hu ˈnɔrməli kənˈsərn ðɛmˈsɛlvz wɪθ kˈwɑləti, staɪl ənd praɪs əv ðə ˈprɑdəkts ðeɪ ˈɔrdər. ðə ˈwərdɪŋ ɪz ˈklɪrli mɛnt ɛz ə ʤoʊk bət naʊ ɪt həz bɪn ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ɪt ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ wi wɪl nid tɪ bi mɔr ˈkɛrfəl əˈbaʊt ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər." ɪf jʊr ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə tˈwɪtər dəˈbeɪt, wɪʧ kənˈtɪnjuz, ðə ˈprɑpər sərʧ tərm ɪz #sexisttrousers*.

“you get bigger arms unless you go heavy on the barbell or on some dumbbells.” yeah, what more than one guy told me at the gym. hearing this advice made sense to me. i had seen the workouts before in magazines and they always threw in 4 exercises for biceps and 4 exercises for triceps. add in 10 to 12 reps per set per exercise and i was being promised arms bigger than the hulk. it made sense at the time. lift some iron and watch the muscle grow. the common advice and it works, but only if you do it right. however, lifting weights is not the only way to gain muscle in your arms. if you want to get awesome results you should include exercises. anytime someone tells me that you get muscular arms by using only your i point to a gymnast. simply look at a gymnast and you will quickly see that weights are not the only way to make significant gains in muscle. you have to lift like a bodybuilder. sure you can grab a barbell, put some weight and go at it. i am all for that. you can lift heavy weight and see results but having thicker arms is best when you do certain exercises that trigger maximum growth. that’s where movements can come in. here are a list of exercises for biceps and triceps without having to use weights. bodyweight exercises for biceps chin ups: this exercise is one of the forgotten and unsung exercises. some see this as either being too easy while others look at it as too difficult to do. it is often considered a back exercise but in reality it is much more than that. chin ups are a compound movement that will give your back and your biceps a killer workout. this exercise is similar to a barbell curl except that it follows a natural movement and can be tough as you lift your own weight. parallel grip chin ups: another great option for building your biceps. the palms face each other on parallel bars allowing for a movement that is easier on the wrists and shoulders than a pull ups. the positioning of the hands and arms is very much like a hammer curl; however this exercise also works on the lats. if you have access to parallel bars simply grip a bar with both hands with both palms facing each other. pull ups: some time ago i dropped all biceps curls for about a year. the only stimulation my biceps received was through my back workouts. my primary back exercise at the time was pull ups and my biceps never decreased in size. whether you choose to do a shoulder wide grip or wider than shoulder wide grip you will still find this exercise giving your lats and biceps a boost. confuse this exercise with chin ups. pull ups require a “palms out” grip while a chin up uses a “palms in” grip. bodyweight rows/ inverted rows: when was the last time you saw someone at the gym using this exercise? yeah, i never do either. simply use a smith machine and set the bar below your waist. proceed to sit down on the floor, grab the bar and with your back flat and facing the floor you then do a rowing movement. for the easier version of this exercise keep your heels resting on the floor. if you prefer a challenge lift your feet off the floor and leave your body suspended, then proceed with performing a row. note: even though these exercises are usually done using a bar you can always use variations with gymnastics rings and using the. bodyweight exercises for triceps dips: this is a popular exercise and rightfully so. anyone who has ever tried this exercise knows the power and the results you get. you can either use parallel bars, or rings. this exercise primarily targets the triceps and the chest with the back and lats getting some stimulation as well. by doing this exercise with a closer grip, elbows close to your side and your chin tucked in you will target the triceps more. bodyweight triceps extensions: place your hands on a strong surface like a bar, bench or rings. place your feet back so your body is as close to a horizontal position. your head should be placed in between your elbows. push your up and then lower yourself slowly. this exercise is close to a skull crusher except you are not lying on your back. close grip push ups: any type of pushups exercise works great for your triceps. most pushups exercises will primarily target your chest with secondary work done on the triceps. however, close grip pushups or triangle pushups will work primarily on the triceps with less emphasis on the chest. bonus exercise works the entire arms muscle up: every time i see this exercise i think of the guys from this exercise requires a lot of upper body strength and is a combination of a pull up with dip. the workout is a combination of a biceps exercise and triceps exercise. the entire motion of the exercise is meant to work on the biceps, triceps and the back and chest muscles. stand underneath a pull up bar and jump up, grab the bar and use the momentum to pull yourself up and push up until the bar is at waist level. proceed to come back down in a controlled motion. as you can see the explosive pull up motion will work the biceps while the pushing movement and lowering of the body is going to target the triceps. tips for your next arm workout looking at these exercises it is tempting to stack a workout with or more of these exercises. avoid the temptation of doing too many exercises all at once. doing too much at once will only make you over train. the best way to achieve ideal results is by choosing 1 or 2 of these exercises for biceps or 1 to 2 exercises when doing triceps workouts. if you decide to add weight training for your arms simply do 1 exercise using weights and 1 exercise using your. the best thing to do is to include a exercise along with an exercise using weights. sticking to an all workout for your arms works too. if your goal is to gain muscle stick to rep ranges of 8 to 10 and 3 to 4 sets. make sure to be as explosive as possible in each repetition. final thoughts one thing that is very clear is that you find isolation type exercises in this list. type workouts are always going to be compound type. unlike dumbbell exercises, like dumbbell curls, you find the equivalent version using your. each one of these exercises works not only the biceps and triceps but also works in conjunction with another muscle group like back muscles or chest. if you only use weights to add muscle to your arms it is best to add exercises as well. the benefits you will gain will be tremendous. if you have never done a workout using only your body then feel free to try it. a good combination of these exercises will allow you to make significant gains in size.

““you* gɪt ˈbɪgər ɑrmz ənˈlɛs ju goʊ ˈhɛvi ɔn ðə ˈbɑrˌbɛl ər ɔn səm dumbbells.”*.” jæ, wət mɔr ðən wən gaɪ toʊld mi æt ðə ʤɪm. ˈhirɪŋ ðɪs ədˈvaɪs meɪd sɛns tɪ mi. aɪ hæd sin ðə ˈwərˌkaʊts ˌbiˈfɔr ɪn ˈmægəˌzinz ənd ðeɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz θru ɪn 4 ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz fər ˈbaɪˌsɛps ənd 4 ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz fər ˈtraɪˌsɛps. æd ɪn 10 tɪ 12 rɛps pər sɛt pər ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ənd aɪ wɑz biɪŋ ˈprɑməst ɑrmz ˈbɪgər ðən ðə həlk. ɪt meɪd sɛns æt ðə taɪm. lɪft səm aɪərn ənd wɔʧ ðə ˈməsəl groʊ. ðə ˈkɑmən ədˈvaɪs ənd ɪt wərks, bət ˈoʊnli ɪf ju du ɪt raɪt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈlɪftɪŋ weɪts ɪz nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ geɪn ˈməsəl ɪn jʊr ɑrmz. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ gɪt ˈɔsəm rɪˈzəlts ju ʃʊd ˌɪnˈklud ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz. ˈɛniˌtaɪm ˈsəmˌwən tɛlz mi ðət ju gɪt ˈməskjələr ɑrmz baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈoʊnli jʊr aɪ pɔɪnt tɪ ə ˈʤɪmnəst. ˈsɪmpli lʊk æt ə ˈʤɪmnəst ənd ju wɪl kˈwɪkli si ðət weɪts ər nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ meɪk sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt geɪnz ɪn ˈməsəl. ju hæv tɪ lɪft laɪk ə bodybuilder*. ʃʊr ju kən græb ə ˈbɑrˌbɛl, pʊt səm weɪt ənd goʊ æt ɪt. aɪ æm ɔl fər ðət. ju kən lɪft ˈhɛvi weɪt ənd si rɪˈzəlts bət ˈhævɪŋ ˈθɪkər ɑrmz ɪz bɛst wɪn ju du ˈsərtən ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz ðət ˈtrɪgər ˈmæksəməm groʊθ. wɛr ˈmuvmənts kən kəm ɪn. hir ər ə lɪst əv ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz fər ˈbaɪˌsɛps ənd ˈtraɪˌsɛps wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ juz weɪts. ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz fər ˈbaɪˌsɛps ʧɪn əps: ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪz wən əv ðə fərˈgɑtən ənd ənˈsəŋ ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz. səm si ðɪs ɛz ˈiðər biɪŋ tu ˈizi waɪl ˈəðərz lʊk æt ɪt ɛz tu ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ du. ɪt ɪz ˈɔfən kənˈsɪdərd ə bæk ˈɛksərˌsaɪz bət ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti ɪt ɪz məʧ mɔr ðən ðət. ʧɪn əps ər ə ˈkɑmpaʊnd ˈmuvmənt ðət wɪl gɪv jʊr bæk ənd jʊr ˈbaɪˌsɛps ə ˈkɪlər ˈwərˌkaʊt. ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪz ˈsɪmələr tɪ ə ˈbɑrˌbɛl kərl ɪkˈsɛpt ðət ɪt ˈfɑloʊz ə ˈnæʧərəl ˈmuvmənt ənd kən bi təf ɛz ju lɪft jʊr oʊn weɪt. ˈpɛrəˌlɛl grɪp ʧɪn əps: əˈnəðər greɪt ˈɔpʃən fər ˈbɪldɪŋ jʊr ˈbaɪˌsɛps. ðə pɑmz feɪs iʧ ˈəðər ɔn ˈpɛrəˌlɛl bɑrz əˈlaʊɪŋ fər ə ˈmuvmənt ðət ɪz ˈiziər ɔn ðə rɪsts ənd ˈʃoʊldərz ðən ə pʊl əps. ðə pəˈzɪʃənɪŋ əv ðə hænz ənd ɑrmz ɪz ˈvɛri məʧ laɪk ə ˈhæmər kərl; ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ˈɔlsoʊ wərks ɔn ðə lɑts. ɪf ju hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈpɛrəˌlɛl bɑrz ˈsɪmpli grɪp ə bɑr wɪθ boʊθ hænz wɪθ boʊθ pɑmz ˈfeɪsɪŋ iʧ ˈəðər. pʊl əps: səm taɪm əˈgoʊ aɪ drɑpt ɔl ˈbaɪˌsɛps kərlz fər əˈbaʊt ə jɪr. ðə ˈoʊnli ˌstɪmjəˈleɪʃən maɪ ˈbaɪˌsɛps rɪˈsivd wɑz θru maɪ bæk ˈwərˌkaʊts. maɪ ˈpraɪˌmɛri bæk ˈɛksərˌsaɪz æt ðə taɪm wɑz pʊl əps ənd maɪ ˈbaɪˌsɛps ˈnɛvər ˈdiˌkrist ɪn saɪz. ˈwɛðər ju ʧuz tɪ du ə ˈʃoʊldər waɪd grɪp ər ˈwaɪdər ðən ˈʃoʊldər waɪd grɪp ju wɪl stɪl faɪnd ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ˈgɪvɪŋ jʊr lɑts ənd ˈbaɪˌsɛps ə bust. kənfˈjuz ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz wɪθ ʧɪn əps. pʊl əps ˌrikˈwaɪər ə out”*” grɪp waɪl ə ʧɪn əp ˈjuzɪz ə in”*” grɪp. roʊz/ ˌɪnˈvərtɪd roʊz: wɪn wɑz ðə læst taɪm ju sɔ ˈsəmˌwən æt ðə ʤɪm ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz? jæ, aɪ ˈnɛvər du ˈiðər. ˈsɪmpli juz ə smɪθ məˈʃin ənd sɛt ðə bɑr bɪˈloʊ jʊr weɪst. pərˈsid tɪ sɪt daʊn ɔn ðə flɔr, græb ðə bɑr ənd wɪθ jʊr bæk flæt ənd ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə flɔr ju ðɛn du ə roʊɪŋ ˈmuvmənt. fər ðə ˈiziər ˈvərʒən əv ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz kip jʊr hilz ˈrɛstɪŋ ɔn ðə flɔr. ɪf ju prɪˈfər ə ˈʧælənʤ lɪft jʊr fit ɔf ðə flɔr ənd liv jʊr ˈbɑdi səˈspɛndɪd, ðɛn pərˈsid wɪθ pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ə roʊ. noʊt: ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðiz ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz ər ˈjuʒəwəli dən ˈjuzɪŋ ə bɑr ju kən ˈɔlˌweɪz juz ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz wɪθ ʤɪmˈnæstɪks rɪŋz ənd ˈjuzɪŋ ðə. ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz fər ˈtraɪˌsɛps dɪps: ðɪs ɪz ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ənd ˈraɪtfəli soʊ. ˈɛniˌwən hu həz ˈɛvər traɪd ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz noʊz ðə paʊər ənd ðə rɪˈzəlts ju gɪt. ju kən ˈiðər juz ˈpɛrəˌlɛl bɑrz, ər rɪŋz. ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz praɪˈmɛrəli ˈtɑrgəts ðə ˈtraɪˌsɛps ənd ðə ʧɛst wɪθ ðə bæk ənd lɑts ˈgɪtɪŋ səm ˌstɪmjəˈleɪʃən ɛz wɛl. baɪ duɪŋ ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz wɪθ ə ˈkloʊzər grɪp, ˈɛlˌboʊz kloʊz tɪ jʊr saɪd ənd jʊr ʧɪn təkt ɪn ju wɪl ˈtərgət ðə ˈtraɪˌsɛps mɔr. ˈtraɪˌsɛps ɪkˈstɛnʃənz: pleɪs jʊr hænz ɔn ə strɔŋ ˈsərfəs laɪk ə bɑr, bɛnʧ ər rɪŋz. pleɪs jʊr fit bæk soʊ jʊr ˈbɑdi ɪz ɛz kloʊz tɪ ə ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl pəˈzɪʃən. jʊr hɛd ʃʊd bi pleɪst ɪn bɪtˈwin jʊr ˈɛlˌboʊz. pʊʃ jʊr əp ənd ðɛn loʊər ˈjɔrsɛlf sˈloʊli. ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪz kloʊz tɪ ə skəl ˈkrəʃər ɪkˈsɛpt ju ər nɑt laɪɪŋ ɔn jʊr bæk. kloʊz grɪp pʊʃ əps: ˈɛni taɪp əv ˈpʊˌʃəps ˈɛksərˌsaɪz wərks greɪt fər jʊr ˈtraɪˌsɛps. moʊst ˈpʊˌʃəps ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz wɪl praɪˈmɛrəli ˈtərgət jʊr ʧɛst wɪθ ˈsɛkənˌdɛri wərk dən ɔn ðə ˈtraɪˌsɛps. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, kloʊz grɪp ˈpʊˌʃəps ər ˈtraɪˌæŋgəl ˈpʊˌʃəps wɪl wərk praɪˈmɛrəli ɔn ðə ˈtraɪˌsɛps wɪθ lɛs ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn ðə ʧɛst. ˈboʊnəs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz wərks ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ɑrmz ˈməsəl əp: ˈɛvəri taɪm aɪ si ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz aɪ θɪŋk əv ðə gaɪz frəm ðɪs ˈɛksərˌsaɪz rikˈwaɪərz ə lɔt əv ˈəpər ˈbɑdi strɛŋθ ənd ɪz ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ə pʊl əp wɪθ dɪp. ðə ˈwərˌkaʊt ɪz ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ə ˈbaɪˌsɛps ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ənd ˈtraɪˌsɛps ˈɛksərˌsaɪz. ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈmoʊʃən əv ðə ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪz mɛnt tɪ wərk ɔn ðə ˈbaɪˌsɛps, ˈtraɪˌsɛps ənd ðə bæk ənd ʧɛst ˈməsəlz. stænd ˌəndərˈniθ ə pʊl əp bɑr ənd ʤəmp əp, græb ðə bɑr ənd juz ðə moʊˈmɛntəm tɪ pʊl ˈjɔrsɛlf əp ənd pʊʃ əp ənˈtɪl ðə bɑr ɪz æt weɪst ˈlɛvəl. pərˈsid tɪ kəm bæk daʊn ɪn ə kənˈtroʊld ˈmoʊʃən. ɛz ju kən si ðə ɪkˈsploʊsɪv pʊl əp ˈmoʊʃən wɪl wərk ðə ˈbaɪˌsɛps waɪl ðə ˈpʊʃɪŋ ˈmuvmənt ənd loʊərɪŋ əv ðə ˈbɑdi ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈtərgət ðə ˈtraɪˌsɛps. tɪps fər jʊr nɛkst ɑrm ˈwərˌkaʊt ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðiz ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz ɪt ɪz ˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ stæk ə ˈwərˌkaʊt wɪθ ər mɔr əv ðiz ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz. əˈvɔɪd ðə tɛmˈteɪʃən əv duɪŋ tu ˈmɛni ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz ɔl æt wəns. duɪŋ tu məʧ æt wəns wɪl ˈoʊnli meɪk ju ˈoʊvər treɪn. ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ əˈʧiv aɪˈdil rɪˈzəlts ɪz baɪ ˈʧuzɪŋ 1 ər 2 əv ðiz ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz fər ˈbaɪˌsɛps ər 1 tɪ 2 ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz wɪn duɪŋ ˈtraɪˌsɛps ˈwərˌkaʊts. ɪf ju ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ æd weɪt ˈtreɪnɪŋ fər jʊr ɑrmz ˈsɪmpli du 1 ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ˈjuzɪŋ weɪts ənd 1 ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ˈjuzɪŋ jʊr. ðə bɛst θɪŋ tɪ du ɪz tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ə ˈɛksərˌsaɪz əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ən ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ˈjuzɪŋ weɪts. ˈstɪkɪŋ tɪ ən ɔl ˈwərˌkaʊt fər jʊr ɑrmz wərks tu. ɪf jʊr goʊl ɪz tɪ geɪn ˈməsəl stɪk tɪ rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv ˈreɪnʤɪz əv 8 tɪ 10 ənd 3 tɪ 4 sɛts. meɪk ʃʊr tɪ bi ɛz ɪkˈsploʊsɪv ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl ɪn iʧ ˌrɛpəˈtɪʃən. ˈfaɪnəl θɔts wən θɪŋ ðət ɪz ˈvɛri klɪr ɪz ðət ju faɪnd ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən taɪp ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz ɪn ðɪs lɪst. taɪp ˈwərˌkaʊts ər ˈɔlˌweɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈkɑmpaʊnd taɪp. ənˈlaɪk ˈdəmˌbɛl ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz, laɪk ˈdəmˌbɛl kərlz, ju faɪnd ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈvərʒən ˈjuzɪŋ jʊr. iʧ wən əv ðiz ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz wərks nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə ˈbaɪˌsɛps ənd ˈtraɪˌsɛps bət ˈɔlsoʊ wərks ɪn kənˈʤəŋkʃən wɪθ əˈnəðər ˈməsəl grup laɪk bæk ˈməsəlz ər ʧɛst. ɪf ju ˈoʊnli juz weɪts tɪ æd ˈməsəl tɪ jʊr ɑrmz ɪt ɪz bɛst tɪ æd ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz ɛz wɛl. ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts ju wɪl geɪn wɪl bi trɪˈmɛndəs. ɪf ju hæv ˈnɛvər dən ə ˈwərˌkaʊt ˈjuzɪŋ ˈoʊnli jʊr ˈbɑdi ðɛn fil fri tɪ traɪ ɪt. ə gʊd ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ðiz ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz wɪl əˈlaʊ ju tɪ meɪk sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt geɪnz ɪn saɪz.

nea kavala, greece as her young children playedr heaps of garbage, picking through burned corn cobs and crushed plastic bottles to fashion new toys, madran, a mother of four, turned with eyes to survey the desolate encampment that has become her home. this year, her family fled syria, only to get stuck at northern border with macedonia in, a town that had been the gateway to northern europe for more than one million migrants from the middle east and africa seeking a haven from conflict. after europe sealed the border in february to curb the unceasing stream, the greek authorities relocated many of those massed in to a camp on this agricultural plain in northern greece, with promises to process their asylum bids quickly. but weeks have turned into months, and mrs. life has spiraled into a despondent daily routine of scrounging for food for her children and begging the authorities for any news about their asylum application. “no one tells us anything we have no idea what our future is going to be,” she said.

nea* kavala*, gris ɛz hər jəŋ ˈʧɪldrən pleɪd nɪr hips əv ˈgɑrbɪʤ, ˈpɪkɪŋ θru bərnd kɔrn kɑbz ənd krəʃt ˈplæstɪk ˈbɑtəlz tɪ ˈfæʃən nu tɔɪz, madran*, ə ˈməðər əv fɔr, tərnd wɪθ aɪz tɪ ˈsərˌveɪ ðə ˈdɛzələt ɪnˈkæmpmɪnt ðət həz bɪˈkəm hər hoʊm. ðɪs jɪr, hər ˈfæməli flɛd ˈsɪriə, ˈoʊnli tɪ gɪt stək æt ˈnɔrðərn ˈbɔrdər wɪθ ˌmæsəˈdoʊniə ɪn, ə taʊn ðət hæd bɪn ðə ˈgeɪtˌweɪ tɪ ˈnɔrðərn ˈjʊrəp fər mɔr ðən wən ˈmɪljən ˈmaɪgrənts frəm ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ənd ˈæfrɪkɑ ˈsikɪŋ ə ˈheɪvən frəm ˈkɑnflɪkt. ˈæftər ˈjʊrəp sild ðə ˈbɔrdər ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri tɪ kərb ðə ənˈsisɪŋ strim, ðə grik əˈθɔrətiz ˌriˈloʊkeɪtɪd ˈmɛni əv ðoʊz mæst ɪn tɪ ə kæmp ɔn ðɪs ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl pleɪn ɪn ˈnɔrðərn gris, wɪθ ˈprɑməsəz tɪ ˈprɔˌsɛs ðɛr əˈsaɪləm bɪdz kˈwɪkli. bət wiks hæv tərnd ˈɪntu mənθs, ənd ˈmɪsɪz. laɪf həz ˈspaɪrəld ˈɪntu ə dɪˈspɑndənt ˈdeɪli ruˈtin əv ˈskraʊnʤɪŋ fər fud fər hər ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˈbɛgɪŋ ðə əˈθɔrətiz fər ˈɛni nuz əˈbaʊt ðɛr əˈsaɪləm ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. wən tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wi hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə wət ɑr fˈjuʧər ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ be,”*,” ʃi sɛd.

one of the best parts of wear os is the ability to customize your watch face. a small thing, but making it look how you want it to look adds a uniqueness that can make your watch truly yours and distinguishable from everyone else’s. there are a ton of great selections, but here are a few android wear watch faces that we think shine above the rest. as of the time of this writing, these watch faces should work on most wear os and android wear smartwatches. check out more excellent android wear apps and games! 10 best android wear apps (wear os apps) 5 best wear os games (android wear games) accuweather price: free / $2.99 download on google play download on google play is a decent weather app. on top of all of its mobile features, it also has support for the newer wear os features. it's not a watch face on its own. it's a fully usable android wear app. it just so happens to also have android wear watch faces. to be honest, they aren't the most amazing watch faces ever. however, they're clean, they show you the weather, and they're wear os compatible. since it can cover your phone, watch, and watch face, you can kill several birds with one stone using this app. download on google play download on google play black metal watch face price: free / $2.49 download on google play download on google play black metal is an ideal middle-of-the-road watch face. it features a black, brushed metal style look. the watch face itself has elements as part of the wear os complications feature. it can show things like battery status (for phone and watch), google fit, current weather conditions, and more. the watch face does virtually everything you'd want a watch face to do. it has a few bugs, but otherwise it works well. it's definitely one of the simpler, but better android wear watch faces. download on google play download on google play bubble widget and wear launcher price: free / $3.95 download on google play download on google play bubble widget and wear launcher bills itself as a widget and launcher for android wear. as it turns out, it also has an interactive watch face. essentially, the launcher becomes the watch face. you'll see the time, of course. the watch face will also have a variety of shortcuts to quickly open the apps you use most frequently. it's one of the most unique wear os watch faces available. make sure to take a look at the device compatibility list on the google play page to make sure your watch will work with it. download on google play download on google play facer price: free with purchases download on google play download on google play facer is the original app that lets you make your own wear os watch faces. the app gives you a template, some instructions, and then you go nuts from there. there is a bit of a learning curve, but it's nothing bad. you can always download watch faces that other people make if the task proves too daunting. it boasts a selection of over watch faces. some of them are free and some of them will require a small fee to buy. it should work pretty well with newer versions of wear os as well. download on google play download on google play material style price: $0.99 download on google play download on google play material style is a simple, but functional wear os watch face. it boasts over 625 total configurations across three styles, 15 accent colors, and 15 background colors. the watch face can show a variety of stuff, including alarms, battery life, calendar events, and other data from basically any other app on your watch. it won't turn any heads like some others on this list. however, those looking for something very clean, simple, and functional have a great option with this one. it's also relatively cheap, supports four languages, and the developer seems amicable to feedback. this one only works with round watch faces, but that's about its only potential issue. download on google play download on google play you're halfway there! here are some more excellent apps and games! 10 best google daydream apps! 15 best google daydream games thema watch faces price: varies download on google play download on google play is a developer of wear os watch faces on google play. they have dozens of options. most of them are individually themed, but they all mostly have the same features. you'll get a variety of features in the free version of the watch face. you can then pay for the pro version to get all of the features. they all look relatively nice, even if some (like the jack daniels themed one) can be a bit tacky. there are even themed ones for stuff like halloween. they're all free to install if you want to see them for yourself. download on google play download on google play twelveish price: free download on google play download on google play is a quirky and free wear os watch face. it does the basics like display the time in a variety of colors. however, this one adds a bit of comedy. along with the full time, it also gives you estimations in large words in the middle of the display. thus, it may tell you what it's a quarter to ten or so or. sometimes it's okay to just have fun with this stuff, right? some other features include an app data slot (via complications) on the bottom and two on either side of the display for a total of three slots. it worked just fine in our testing. this one is also totally free with no ads or purchases. we'll take it! the developer has an optional support development app for $1.49 if you want to toss them some money. download on google play download on google play ultimate watch 2 price: $0.99 download on google play download on google play ultimate watch 2 is one of the most powerful wear os watch faces available. its feature list reads like a grocery list and it is exceptionally long. basically, it comes with 21 watch faces or you can build your own. it comes with support for ifttt, tasker, and stuff for automation purposes. you also get wear os complications for support for almost any app on your watch right on the watch face. some other features include full google fit support along with direct support for plenty of other apps. this thing is a functional all-star and it took us a long time to sift through its various functions. the price isn't half bad either. download on google play download on google play watch face price: $1.99 download on google play download on google play as you might imagine, this watch face bills itself as being minimal and elegant. it also has choices. the developers boast over total watch faces that you can use. of course, it also has android wear. it also has a variety of other options, including the usual stuff like interactive features, google fit integration, and other customizations. it also has support for specific apps like spotify, pocket casts, and other apps. it's cheap and has a ton of features. it's one of the better android wear watch faces. download on google play download on google play watchmaker watch faces price: free / up to $9.99 download on google play download on google play is a watch face. it competes directly with similar apps like facer. you'll have plenty of tools to make your own android wear watch faces. additionally, you can fork out for the pro version and get access to over watch faces. you can nab even more for free on the google+ page. it's not as as some watch face makers, but you can still get creative and have some fun. you'll get some of it for free and the rest when you fork out $3.99. download on google play download on google play thank you for reading! here are a couple final lists to check out! 15 best android apps of 2019! 10 best android themes if we missed any of the best android wear watch faces, tell us about them in the comments! thanks for reading!

wən əv ðə bɛst pɑrts əv wɛr ɑs ɪz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈkəstəˌmaɪz jʊr wɔʧ feɪs. ə smɔl θɪŋ, bət ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt lʊk haʊ ju wɔnt ɪt tɪ lʊk ædz ə juˈniknəs ðət kən meɪk jʊr wɔʧ ˈtruli jʊrz ənd dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbəl frəm ˈɛvriˌwən else’s*. ðɛr ər ə tən əv greɪt səˈlɛkʃənz, bət hir ər ə fju ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz ðət wi θɪŋk ʃaɪn əˈbəv ðə rɛst. ɛz əv ðə taɪm əv ðɪs ˈraɪtɪŋ, ðiz wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz ʃʊd wərk ɔn moʊst wɛr ɑs ənd ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr smartwatches*. ʧɛk aʊt mɔr ˈɛksələnt ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr æps ənd geɪmz! 10 bɛst ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr æps (wɛr ɑs æps) 5 bɛst wɛr ɑs geɪmz (ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr geɪmz) praɪs: fri ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ɪz ə ˈdisənt ˈwɛðər æp. ɔn tɔp əv ɔl əv ɪts ˈmoʊbəl ˈfiʧərz, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ həz səˈpɔrt fər ðə nuər wɛr ɑs ˈfiʧərz. ɪts nɑt ə wɔʧ feɪs ɔn ɪts oʊn. ɪts ə ˈfʊli ˈjuzəbəl ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr æp. ɪt ʤɪst soʊ ˈhæpənz tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz. tɪ bi ˈɑnəst, ðeɪ ˈɑrənt ðə moʊst əˈmeɪzɪŋ wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz ˈɛvər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr klin, ðeɪ ʃoʊ ju ðə ˈwɛðər, ənd ðɛr wɛr ɑs kəmˈpætəbəl. sɪns ɪt kən ˈkəvər jʊr foʊn, wɔʧ, ənd wɔʧ feɪs, ju kən kɪl ˈsɛvərəl bərdz wɪθ wən stoʊn ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs æp. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ blæk ˈmɛtəl wɔʧ feɪs praɪs: fri ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ blæk ˈmɛtəl ɪz ən aɪˈdil ˈmɪdələvθəˌrɔd wɔʧ feɪs. ɪt ˈfiʧərz ə blæk, brəʃt ˈmɛtəl staɪl lʊk. ðə wɔʧ feɪs ˌɪtˈsɛlf həz ˈɛləmənts ɛz pɑrt əv ðə wɛr ɑs ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃənz ˈfiʧər. ɪt kən ʃoʊ θɪŋz laɪk ˈbætəri ˈstætəs (fər foʊn ənd wɔʧ), ˈgugəl fɪt, ˈkɑrənt ˈwɛðər kənˈdɪʃənz, ənd mɔr. ðə wɔʧ feɪs dɪz ˈvərʧuəli ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ jʊd wɔnt ə wɔʧ feɪs tɪ du. ɪt həz ə fju bəgz, bət ˈəðərˌwaɪz ɪt wərks wɛl. ɪts ˈdɛfənətli wən əv ðə ˈsɪmpələr, bət ˈbɛtər ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈbəbəl ˈwɪʤɪt ənd wɛr ˈlɔnʧər praɪs: fri ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈbəbəl ˈwɪʤɪt ənd wɛr ˈlɔnʧər bɪlz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz ə ˈwɪʤɪt ənd ˈlɔnʧər fər ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr. ɛz ɪt tərnz aʊt, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ həz ən ˌɪnərˈæktɪv wɔʧ feɪs. ɛˈsɛnʃəli, ðə ˈlɔnʧər bɪˈkəmz ðə wɔʧ feɪs. jul si ðə taɪm, əv kɔrs. ðə wɔʧ feɪs wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈʃɔrtˌkəts tɪ kˈwɪkli ˈoʊpən ðə æps ju juz moʊst ˈfrikwɛntli. ɪts wən əv ðə moʊst juˈnik wɛr ɑs wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz əˈveɪləbəl. meɪk ʃʊr tɪ teɪk ə lʊk æt ðə dɪˈvaɪs kəmˌpætəˈbɪləˌti lɪst ɔn ðə ˈgugəl pleɪ peɪʤ tɪ meɪk ʃʊr jʊr wɔʧ wɪl wərk wɪθ ɪt. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈfeɪsər praɪs: fri wɪθ ˈpərʧəsɪz ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈfeɪsər ɪz ðə ərˈɪʤənəl æp ðət lɛts ju meɪk jʊr oʊn wɛr ɑs wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz. ðə æp gɪvz ju ə ˈtɛmplət, səm ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz, ənd ðɛn ju goʊ nəts frəm ðɛr. ðɛr ɪz ə bɪt əv ə ˈlərnɪŋ kərv, bət ɪts ˈnəθɪŋ bæd. ju kən ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈdaʊnˌloʊd wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz ðət ˈəðər ˈpipəl meɪk ɪf ðə tæsk pruvz tu ˈdɔntɪŋ. ɪt boʊsts ə səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈoʊvər wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz. səm əv ðɛm ər fri ənd səm əv ðɛm wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ə smɔl fi tɪ baɪ. ɪt ʃʊd wərk ˈprɪti wɛl wɪθ nuər ˈvərʒənz əv wɛr ɑs ɛz wɛl. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ məˈtɪriəl staɪl praɪs: ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ məˈtɪriəl staɪl ɪz ə ˈsɪmpəl, bət ˈfəŋkʃənəl wɛr ɑs wɔʧ feɪs. ɪt boʊsts ˈoʊvər 625 ˈtoʊtəl kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃənz əˈkrɔs θri staɪlz, 15 ˈækˌsɛnt ˈkələrz, ənd 15 ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈkələrz. ðə wɔʧ feɪs kən ʃoʊ ə vərˈaɪəti əv stəf, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ əˈlɑrmz, ˈbætəri laɪf, ˈkæləndər ɪˈvɛnts, ənd ˈəðər ˈdætə frəm ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈɛni ˈəðər æp ɔn jʊr wɔʧ. ɪt woʊnt tərn ˈɛni hɛdz laɪk səm ˈəðərz ɔn ðɪs lɪst. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðoʊz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈvɛri klin, ˈsɪmpəl, ənd ˈfəŋkʃənəl hæv ə greɪt ˈɔpʃən wɪθ ðɪs wən. ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrɛlətɪvli ʧip, səˈpɔrts fɔr ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz, ənd ðə dɪˈvɛləpər simz ˈæmɪkəbəl tɪ ˈfidˌbæk. ðɪs wən ˈoʊnli wərks wɪθ raʊnd wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz, bət ðæts əˈbaʊt ɪts ˈoʊnli pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈɪʃu. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ jʊr ˈhæfˈweɪ ðɛr! hir ər səm mɔr ˈɛksələnt æps ənd geɪmz! 10 bɛst ˈgugəl ˈdeɪˌdrim æps! 15 bɛst ˈgugəl ˈdeɪˌdrim geɪmz wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz praɪs: ˈvɛriz ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ɪz ə dɪˈvɛləpər əv wɛr ɑs wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ. ðeɪ hæv ˈdəzənz əv ˈɔpʃənz. moʊst əv ðɛm ər ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli θimd, bət ðeɪ ɔl ˈmoʊstli hæv ðə seɪm ˈfiʧərz. jul gɪt ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈfiʧərz ɪn ðə fri ˈvərʒən əv ðə wɔʧ feɪs. ju kən ðɛn peɪ fər ðə proʊ ˈvərʒən tɪ gɪt ɔl əv ðə ˈfiʧərz. ðeɪ ɔl lʊk ˈrɛlətɪvli nis, ˈivɪn ɪf səm (laɪk ðə ʤæk ˈdænjɛlz θimd wən) kən bi ə bɪt ˈtæki. ðɛr ər ˈivɪn θimd wənz fər stəf laɪk ˌhæləˈwin. ðɛr ɔl fri tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ si ðɛm fər ˈjɔrsɛlf. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ praɪs: fri ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ɪz ə kˈwərki ənd fri wɛr ɑs wɔʧ feɪs. ɪt dɪz ðə ˈbeɪsɪks laɪk dɪˈspleɪ ðə taɪm ɪn ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈkələrz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs wən ædz ə bɪt əv ˈkɑmədi. əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə fʊl taɪm, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ gɪvz ju ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃənz ɪn lɑrʤ wərdz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə dɪˈspleɪ. ðəs, ɪt meɪ tɛl ju wət ɪts ə kˈwɔrtər tɪ tɛn ər soʊ ər. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ɪts ˌoʊˈkeɪ tɪ ʤɪst hæv fən wɪθ ðɪs stəf, raɪt? səm ˈəðər ˈfiʧərz ˌɪnˈklud ən æp ˈdætə slɑt (ˈviə ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃənz) ɔn ðə ˈbɑtəm ənd tu ɔn ˈiðər saɪd əv ðə dɪˈspleɪ fər ə ˈtoʊtəl əv θri slɑts. ɪt wərkt ʤɪst faɪn ɪn ɑr ˈtɛstɪŋ. ðɪs wən ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtoʊtəli fri wɪθ noʊ ædz ər ˈpərʧəsɪz. wɪl teɪk ɪt! ðə dɪˈvɛləpər həz ən ˈɔpʃənəl səˈpɔrt dɪˈvɛləpmənt æp fər ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ tɔs ðɛm səm ˈməni. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈəltəmət wɔʧ 2 praɪs: ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈəltəmət wɔʧ 2 ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl wɛr ɑs wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz əˈveɪləbəl. ɪts ˈfiʧər lɪst ridz laɪk ə ˈgroʊsəri lɪst ənd ɪt ɪz ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli lɔŋ. ˈbeɪsɪkli, ɪt kəmz wɪθ 21 wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz ər ju kən bɪld jʊr oʊn. ɪt kəmz wɪθ səˈpɔrt fər ifttt*, ˈtæskər, ənd stəf fər ɔtəˈmeɪʃən ˈpərpəsɪz. ju ˈɔlsoʊ gɪt wɛr ɑs ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər səˈpɔrt fər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛni æp ɔn jʊr wɔʧ raɪt ɔn ðə wɔʧ feɪs. səm ˈəðər ˈfiʧərz ˌɪnˈklud fʊl ˈgugəl fɪt səˈpɔrt əˈlɔŋ wɪθ dɪˈrɛkt səˈpɔrt fər ˈplɛnti əv ˈəðər æps. ðɪs θɪŋ ɪz ə ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌɔlˈstɑr ənd ɪt tʊk ˈjuˈɛs ə lɔŋ taɪm tɪ sɪft θru ɪts ˈvɛriəs ˈfəŋkʃənz. ðə praɪs ˈɪzənt hæf bæd ˈiðər. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ wɔʧ feɪs praɪs: ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ɛz ju maɪt ˌɪˈmæʤən, ðɪs wɔʧ feɪs bɪlz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz biɪŋ ˈmɪnəməl ənd ˈɛləgənt. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ həz ˈʧɔɪsɪz. ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz boʊst ˈoʊvər ˈtoʊtəl wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz ðət ju kən juz. əv kɔrs, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ həz ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈəðər ˈɔpʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈjuʒəwəl stəf laɪk ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ˈfiʧərz, ˈgugəl fɪt ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən, ənd ˈəðər customizations*. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ həz səˈpɔrt fər spɪˈsɪfɪk æps laɪk spotify*, ˈpɑkət kæsts, ənd ˈəðər æps. ɪts ʧip ənd həz ə tən əv ˈfiʧərz. ɪts wən əv ðə ˈbɛtər ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz praɪs: fri əp tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ɪz ə wɔʧ feɪs. ɪt kəmˈpits dɪˈrɛkli wɪθ ˈsɪmələr æps laɪk ˈfeɪsər. jul hæv ˈplɛnti əv tulz tɪ meɪk jʊr oʊn ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ju kən fɔrk aʊt fər ðə proʊ ˈvərʒən ənd gɪt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈoʊvər wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz. ju kən næb ˈivɪn mɔr fər fri ɔn ðə ˈgugəl+ peɪʤ. ɪts nɑt ɛz ɛz səm wɔʧ feɪs ˈmeɪkərz, bət ju kən stɪl gɪt kriˈeɪtɪv ənd hæv səm fən. jul gɪt səm əv ɪt fər fri ənd ðə rɛst wɪn ju fɔrk aʊt ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ θæŋk ju fər ˈrɛdɪŋ! hir ər ə ˈkəpəl ˈfaɪnəl lɪsts tɪ ʧɛk aʊt! 15 bɛst ˈænˌdrɔɪd æps əv 2019 10 bɛst ˈænˌdrɔɪd θimz ɪf wi mɪst ˈɛni əv ðə bɛst ˈænˌdrɔɪd wɛr wɔʧ ˈfeɪsɪz, tɛl ˈjuˈɛs əˈbaʊt ðɛm ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts! θæŋks fər ˈrɛdɪŋ!

share the latest news vrchat has announced that raised $4 million in a series a round led by vive. they are now the key investor and strategic partner of. joining them is vc, fund, and rothenberg venture. vrchat lets users create, publish and explore virtual worlds with other users from all over the world. the experience was built as a social platform for the virtual space, similar to. “our goal is to enable anybody to create their own social experiences,” said graham gaylor, ceo of. “partnering with gets us that much closer to achieving that, and driving social experiences for forward.” according to, this new stash of money will help power the future of the where they can better serve the consumer and enterprise space. and quite different about is that their employees all work remotely from around the world. they have their meetings in the virtual space and immerse themselves in their own product to brainstorm their next ideas. the company is currently made up of 16 team members who were directly hired through. “not since the early blizzard days have i experienced the right mix of passion, talent and magic on a project,” said ron millar, chief creative officer at. “now that vive is part of the dream i foresee the making of something truly epic!” while seen social spaces such as not make it through the test of time, maybe will be able to do so. but they will soon be facing tough competition as linden labs gets closer to releasing sansar. is available for free today on so make sure to check it out.

ʃɛr ðə ˈleɪtəst nuz həz əˈnaʊnst ðət reɪzd 4 ˈmɪljən ɪn ə ˈsɪriz ə raʊnd lɛd baɪ viv. ðeɪ ər naʊ ðə ki ˌɪnˈvɛstər ənd strəˈtiʤɪk ˈpɑrtnər əv. ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðɛm ɪz vc*, fənd, ənd ˈrɔθənbərg ˈvɛnʧər. lɛts ˈjuzərz kriˈeɪt, ˈpəblɪʃ ənd ɪkˈsplɔr ˈvərʧuəl wərldz wɪθ ˈəðər ˈjuzərz frəm ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld. ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns wɑz bɪlt ɛz ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈplætˌfɔrm fər ðə ˈvərʧuəl speɪs, ˈsɪmələr tɪ. goʊl ɪz tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ˈɛnibədi tɪ kriˈeɪt ðɛr oʊn ˈsoʊʃəl experiences,”*,” sɛd græm ˈgeɪlər, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv. wɪθ gɪts ˈjuˈɛs ðət məʧ ˈkloʊzər tɪ əˈʧivɪŋ ðət, ənd ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz fər forward.”*.” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ðɪs nu stæʃ əv ˈməni wɪl hɛlp paʊər ðə fˈjuʧər əv ðə wɛr ðeɪ kən ˈbɛtər sərv ðə kənˈsumər ənd ˈɛnərˌpraɪz speɪs. ənd kwaɪt ˈdɪfərənt əˈbaʊt ɪz ðət ðɛr ɪmˈplɔɪiz ɔl wərk riˈmoʊtli frəm əraʊnd ðə wərld. ðeɪ hæv ðɛr ˈmitɪŋz ɪn ðə ˈvərʧuəl speɪs ənd ˌɪˈmərs ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn ðɛr oʊn ˈprɑdəkt tɪ ˈbreɪnˌstɔrm ðɛr nɛkst aɪˈdiəz. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈkərəntli meɪd əp əv 16 tim ˈmɛmbərz hu wər dɪˈrɛkli haɪərd θru. sɪns ðə ˈərli ˈblɪzərd deɪz hæv aɪ ɪkˈspɪriənst ðə raɪt mɪks əv ˈpæʃən, ˈtælənt ənd ˈmæʤɪk ɔn ə project,”*,” sɛd rɑn ˈmɪlər, ʧif kriˈeɪtɪv ˈɔfɪsər æt. ðət viv ɪz pɑrt əv ðə drim aɪ fɔrˈsi ðə ˈmeɪkɪŋ əv ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈtruli epic!”*!” waɪl sin ˈsoʊʃəl ˈspeɪsɪz səʧ ɛz nɑt meɪk ɪt θru ðə tɛst əv taɪm, ˈmeɪbi wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ du soʊ. bət ðeɪ wɪl sun bi ˈfeɪsɪŋ təf ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ɛz ˈlɪndən læbz gɪts ˈkloʊzər tɪ riˈlisɪŋ sansar*. ɪz əˈveɪləbəl fər fri təˈdeɪ ɔn soʊ meɪk ʃʊr tɪ ʧɛk ɪt aʊt.

image caption new rules should make it cheaper to book cinema tickets consumers booking a range of items from cinema tickets to hotel rooms now have new protection from card surcharges. a ban on "excessive" debit and credit card charges begins on saturday 6 april. the government said it should put an end to unscrupulous practices by some businesses. until now, many people have been asked to pay large surcharges for using cards, especially when booking online. typically, people trying to book concert tickets, theatre seats, hire cars or train seats discover at the end of the payments process that they have to pay many pounds extra to use a debit or credit card. "the practice of excessive payment surcharges has been ripping off consumers for far too long," said jo swinson, the consumer affairs minister. "they are fed up of thinking they will be paying a certain price for goods, only to find out towards the end of the process that the final price is much higher," she said. airline industry under the new rules, payment surcharges will have to reflect the actual cost to the retailer of processing the card transaction. that includes fees they have to pay to visa or mastercard, for instance, or the cost of installing a device. how much should your credit card surcharge be? transaction of: transaction of: transaction of: source: oft, 2011 but in many cases, this should be minimal. for example, according to the office of fair trading (oft), someone spending on a travel ticket could expect to be charged 53 pence extra if using a debit card, or if using a credit card. the figures, produced in 2011, suggest the cost of using a debit card remains at just over 50 pence, however large the transaction. but the government stresses that charges will differ according to individual businesses. in the past, the airline industry was the worst offender. the government says that in 2010, airlines charged passengers up to in card surcharges. but following an investigation by the oft, airlines including ryanair, and aer lingus agreed to include debit card charges at least in their headline prices. the ferry industry was the next biggest user of surcharges, according to the government, charging its customers up to £145m. enforcement the new rules are being brought in earlier than the rest of the consumer rights directive, because of the concern that was first raised by which? "over people supported our campaign to end rip off surcharges, so we're pleased the government is implementing this ban," said richard lloyd, the executive director of which? but he warned that people needed to be vigilant about businesses that tried to avoid the ban. "for it to be effective, there must be a tough enforcement regime and companies must play fair and not pass costs on to customers in other ways. we will be monitoring the ban closely and want people to tell us about surcharges they think are excessive," he said. consumers are entitled to receive a refund of the excess surcharge they have paid, according to the government. if necessary, they can bring a private claim to recover such surcharges. however, there are a number of sectors which are excluded from the new rules. very small businesses and companies just starting out will not be subject to the rules until june 2014. some companies in financial services, gambling, healthcare, social services, property and passenger transport are also excluded. other elements of the directive will be implemented over the next year. those include new rules on cancellations, refunds and delivery times.

ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən nu rulz ʃʊd meɪk ɪt ˈʧipər tɪ bʊk ˈsɪnəmə ˈtɪkɪts kənˈsumərz ˈbʊkɪŋ ə reɪnʤ əv ˈaɪtəmz frəm ˈsɪnəmə ˈtɪkɪts tɪ hoʊˈtɛl rumz naʊ hæv nu prəˈtɛkʃən frəm kɑrd ˈsərˌʧɑrʤɪz. ə bæn ɔn "ɪkˈsɛsɪv" ˈdɛbɪt ənd ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd ˈʧɑrʤɪz bɪˈgɪnz ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ 6 ˈeɪprəl. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt sɛd ɪt ʃʊd pʊt ən ɛnd tɪ ənˈskrupjələs ˈpræktɪsɪz baɪ səm ˈbɪznɪsɪz. ənˈtɪl naʊ, ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hæv bɪn æst tɪ peɪ lɑrʤ ˈsərˌʧɑrʤɪz fər ˈjuzɪŋ kɑrdz, əˈspɛʃəli wɪn ˈbʊkɪŋ ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ˈtɪpɪkəli, ˈpipəl traɪɪŋ tɪ bʊk ˈkɑnsərt ˈtɪkɪts, ˈθiətər sits, haɪər kɑz ər treɪn sits dɪˈskəvər æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈpeɪmənts ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət ðeɪ hæv tɪ peɪ ˈmɛni paʊnz ˈɛkstrə tɪ juz ə ˈdɛbɪt ər ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd. "ðə ˈpræktɪs əv ɪkˈsɛsɪv ˈpeɪmənt ˈsərˌʧɑrʤɪz həz bɪn ˈrɪpɪŋ ɔf kənˈsumərz fər fɑr tu lɔŋ," sɛd ʤoʊ sˈwɪnsən, ðə kənˈsumər əˈfɛrz ˈmɪnɪstər. "ðeɪ ər fɛd əp əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðeɪ wɪl bi peɪɪŋ ə ˈsərtən praɪs fər gʊdz, ˈoʊnli tɪ faɪnd aʊt təˈwɔrdz ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət ðə ˈfaɪnəl praɪs ɪz məʧ haɪər," ʃi sɛd. ˈɛˌrlaɪn ˈɪndəstri ˈəndər ðə nu rulz, ˈpeɪmənt ˈsərˌʧɑrʤɪz wɪl hæv tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ðə ˈækʧəwəl kɔst tɪ ðə ˈriˌteɪlər əv ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ ðə kɑrd trænˈzækʃən. ðət ˌɪnˈkludz fiz ðeɪ hæv tɪ peɪ tɪ ˈvizə ər ˈmæstərˌkɑrd, fər ˈɪnstəns, ər ðə kɔst əv ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ ə dɪˈvaɪs. haʊ məʧ ʃʊd jʊr ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd ˈsərˌʧɑrʤ bi? trænˈzækʃən əv trænˈzækʃən əv trænˈzækʃən əv sɔrs: ɔft, 2011 bət ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz, ðɪs ʃʊd bi ˈmɪnəməl. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈɔfəs əv fɛr ˈtreɪdɪŋ (ɔft), ˈsəmˌwən ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔn ə ˈtrævəl ˈtɪkɪt kʊd ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ bi ʧɑrʤd 53 pɛns ˈɛkstrə ɪf ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈdɛbɪt kɑrd, ər ɪf ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd. ðə ˈfɪgjərz, prəˈdust ɪn 2011 səˈʤɛst ðə kɔst əv ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈdɛbɪt kɑrd rɪˈmeɪnz æt ʤɪst ˈoʊvər 50 pɛns, ˌhaʊˈɛvər lɑrʤ ðə trænˈzækʃən. bət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈstrɛsɪz ðət ˈʧɑrʤɪz wɪl ˈdɪfər əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈbɪznɪsɪz. ɪn ðə pæst, ðə ˈɛˌrlaɪn ˈɪndəstri wɑz ðə wərst əˈfɛndər. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt sɪz ðət ɪn 2010 ˈɛˌrlaɪnz ʧɑrʤd ˈpæsənʤərz əp tɪ ɪn kɑrd ˈsərˌʧɑrʤɪz. bət ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ðə ɔft, ˈɛˌrlaɪnz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈraɪəˌnɛr, ənd ɛr ˈlɪŋgəs əˈgrid tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈdɛbɪt kɑrd ˈʧɑrʤɪz æt list ɪn ðɛr ˈhɛˌdlaɪn ˈpraɪsɪz. ðə ˈfɛri ˈɪndəstri wɑz ðə nɛkst ˈbɪgəst ˈjuzər əv ˈsərˌʧɑrʤɪz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ɪts ˈkəstəmərz əp tɪ £145m*. ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ðə nu rulz ər biɪŋ brɔt ɪn ˈərliər ðən ðə rɛst əv ðə kənˈsumər raɪts dɪˈrɛktɪv, bɪˈkəz əv ðə kənˈsərn ðət wɑz fərst reɪzd baɪ wɪʧ? "ˈoʊvər ˈpipəl səˈpɔrtɪd ɑr kæmˈpeɪn tɪ ɛnd rɪp ɔf ˈsərˌʧɑrʤɪz, soʊ wɪr plizd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ðɪs bæn," sɛd ˈrɪʧərd lɔɪd, ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv wɪʧ? bət hi wɔrnd ðət ˈpipəl ˈnidɪd tɪ bi ˈvɪʤələnt əˈbaʊt ˈbɪznɪsɪz ðət traɪd tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðə bæn. "fər ɪt tɪ bi ˈifɛktɪv, ðɛr məst bi ə təf ɛnˈfɔrsmənt rəˈʒim ənd ˈkəmpəˌniz məst pleɪ fɛr ənd nɑt pæs kɔsts ɔn tɪ ˈkəstəmərz ɪn ˈəðər weɪz. wi wɪl bi ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə bæn ˈkloʊsli ənd wɔnt ˈpipəl tɪ tɛl ˈjuˈɛs əˈbaʊt ˈsərˌʧɑrʤɪz ðeɪ θɪŋk ər ɪkˈsɛsɪv," hi sɛd. kənˈsumərz ər ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ rɪˈsiv ə ˈriˌfənd əv ðə ˈɛkˌsɛs ˈsərˌʧɑrʤ ðeɪ hæv peɪd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. ɪf ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, ðeɪ kən brɪŋ ə ˈpraɪvət kleɪm tɪ rɪˈkəvər səʧ ˈsərˌʧɑrʤɪz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr ər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈsɛktərz wɪʧ ər ɪkˈskludɪd frəm ðə nu rulz. ˈvɛri smɔl ˈbɪznɪsɪz ənd ˈkəmpəˌniz ʤɪst ˈstɑrtɪŋ aʊt wɪl nɑt bi ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə rulz ənˈtɪl ʤun 2014 səm ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪn ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz, ˈgæmbəlɪŋ, ˈhɛlθˌkɛr, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz, ˈprɑpərti ənd ˈpæsənʤər ˈtrænspɔrt ər ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈskludɪd. ˈəðər ˈɛləmənts əv ðə dɪˈrɛktɪv wɪl bi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst jɪr. ðoʊz ˌɪnˈklud nu rulz ɔn ˌkænsəˈleɪʃənz, ˈriˌfəndz ənd dɪˈlɪvəri taɪmz.

i’ve recommended it to many people over the years, mostly elders who considered the internet being that useful, and usually like, “aw? a website? no thanks, not necessary”. which is fine even if internally i was like “plsssss no so good”. a lot of are getting into fiber crafting and that is exciting. so, a little intro this is the, after making an account up on the top right is your notebook, which probably visit the most because it contains all of the tools for organizing your projects. that’s your notebook, on the left bar are your various tools. projects are lined up neatly on the rest of the screen. a tab for spinners, stash is where you organize your yarns, is where you list upcoming projects, favorites is where you can save and organize your favorite projects/patterns, needles & hooks gives you a chart that you can fill in with what you already own, library is a digital library of patterns and even representations of the physical books that you own. each of these can be customized, for example in favorites in there is a place to bundle them, so that if you wanted to say make a bundle of everything you want to knit as christmas presents throughout the year, you can do that. in queue you can link the called for yarn and the yarn you are going to use, linked from stash or otherwise, you can make notes on each entry. i will often note whether i need needles and what kind, so that if i drop by the store, the info i need is just a couple of clicks away. there is even a place in the stash to note where you got your yarn and how much it cost. i’m not going much more deeper into that, but if want me to do a post about specific tools let me know. the most attractive part of for me is easily database of patterns. if you click on the patterns button at the top left of the, it takes you here. i typically go straight to pattern browser & advanced search through the link under the search bar. the great part of this are the filters on the left. you can filter by category of clothing, if and how in your notebook, by craft type, by availability (like whether free, downloadable, or purchased elsewhere), whether or not it has photos (because there are many designers), by attributes such as shape, techniques, texture, and types of colorwork, by age, size, ease, fit, and gender, by weight of the yarn called for, by yardage required, by number of colors used, by pattern source, by needle size, by star rating, by difficulty, by origin of crochet terminology, and by language. there are many more search options after the main filters. so for example if i had exactly 700 yards of worsted eight yarn in two colors, and i knew i wanted to make a scarf, using bobbles and colorwork, i could search that. not only that, but you can customize the filters to combine traits: i could make my selections and hit advanced where circled in red and, specify that i want merino, and cashmere, or silk, but not nylon. i still got 27 matches from that search, but how big the database is. and the same goes for the yarn tab at the top left of the next to patterns. you can search through pretty much every yarn available, from red heart to indie fiber artists, using similar characteristics to narrow it down. i hope someone found this useful and if a knitter or crocheter, seriously worth a look. not very active lately, but where i go for inspiration if nothing else.

i’ve* ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ɪt tɪ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz, ˈmoʊstli ˈɛldərz hu kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt biɪŋ ðət ˈjusfəl, ənd ˈjuʒəwəli laɪk, ““aw*? ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt? noʊ θæŋks, nɑt necessary”*”. wɪʧ ɪz faɪn ˈivɪn ɪf ˌɪnˈtərnəli aɪ wɑz laɪk noʊ soʊ good”*”. ə lɔt əv ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈfaɪbər ˈkræftɪŋ ənd ðət ɪz ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ. soʊ, ə ˈlɪtəl ˈɪntroʊ ðɪs ɪz ðə, ˈæftər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ən əˈkaʊnt əp ɔn ðə tɔp raɪt ɪz jʊr ˈnoʊtˌbʊk, wɪʧ ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈvɪzɪt ðə moʊst bɪˈkəz ɪt kənˈteɪnz ɔl əv ðə tulz fər ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ jʊr ˈprɑʤɛkts. jʊr ˈnoʊtˌbʊk, ɔn ðə lɛft bɑr ər jʊr ˈvɛriəs tulz. ˈprɑʤɛkts ər laɪnd əp ˈnitli ɔn ðə rɛst əv ðə skrin. ə tæb fər ˈspɪnərz, stæʃ ɪz wɛr ju ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz jʊr jɑrnz, ɪz wɛr ju lɪst ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkts, ˈfeɪvərɪts ɪz wɛr ju kən seɪv ənd ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt projects/patterns*, ˈnidəlz hʊks gɪvz ju ə ʧɑrt ðət ju kən fɪl ɪn wɪθ wət ju ɔˈrɛdi oʊn, ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ɪz ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈlaɪbrɛˌri əv ˈpætərnz ənd ˈivɪn ˌrɛprəzənˈteɪʃənz əv ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl bʊks ðət ju oʊn. iʧ əv ðiz kən bi ˈkəstəˌmaɪzd, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪn ˈfeɪvərɪts ɪn ðɛr ɪz ə pleɪs tɪ ˈbəndəl ðɛm, soʊ ðət ɪf ju ˈwɔntɪd tɪ seɪ meɪk ə ˈbəndəl əv ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ju wɔnt tɪ nɪt ɛz ˈkrɪsməs ˈprɛzənts θruaʊt ðə jɪr, ju kən du ðət. ɪn kju ju kən lɪŋk ðə kɔld fər jɑrn ənd ðə jɑrn ju ər goʊɪŋ tɪ juz, lɪŋkt frəm stæʃ ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ju kən meɪk noʊts ɔn iʧ ˈɛntri. aɪ wɪl ˈɔfən noʊt ˈwɛðər aɪ nid ˈnidəlz ənd wət kaɪnd, soʊ ðət ɪf aɪ drɔp baɪ ðə stɔr, ðə ˈɪnfoʊ aɪ nid ɪz ʤɪst ə ˈkəpəl əv klɪks əˈweɪ. ðɛr ɪz ˈivɪn ə pleɪs ɪn ðə stæʃ tɪ noʊt wɛr ju gɑt jʊr jɑrn ənd haʊ məʧ ɪt kɔst. nɑt goʊɪŋ məʧ mɔr ˈdipər ˈɪntu ðət, bət ɪf wɔnt mi tɪ du ə poʊst əˈbaʊt spɪˈsɪfɪk tulz lɛt mi noʊ. ðə moʊst əˈtræktɪv pɑrt əv fər mi ɪz ˈizəli ˈdætəˌbeɪs əv ˈpætərnz. ɪf ju klɪk ɔn ðə ˈpætərnz ˈbətən æt ðə tɔp lɛft əv ðə, ɪt teɪks ju hir. aɪ ˈtɪpɪkəli goʊ streɪt tɪ ˈpætərn ˈbraʊzər ədˈvænst sərʧ θru ðə lɪŋk ˈəndər ðə sərʧ bɑr. ðə greɪt pɑrt əv ðɪs ər ðə ˈfɪltərz ɔn ðə lɛft. ju kən ˈfɪltər baɪ ˈkætəˌgɔri əv ˈkloʊðɪŋ, ɪf ənd haʊ ɪn jʊr ˈnoʊtˌbʊk, baɪ kræft taɪp, baɪ əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti (laɪk ˈwɛðər fri, downloadable*, ər ˈpərʧəst ˈɛlsˌwɛr), ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ɪt həz ˈfoʊˌtoʊz (bɪˈkəz ðɛr ər ˈmɛni dɪˈzaɪnərz), baɪ əˈtrɪˌbjuts səʧ ɛz ʃeɪp, tɛkˈniks, ˈtɛksʧər, ənd taɪps əv colorwork*, baɪ eɪʤ, saɪz, iz, fɪt, ənd ˈʤɛndər, baɪ weɪt əv ðə jɑrn kɔld fər, baɪ ˈjɑrdɪʤ rikˈwaɪərd, baɪ ˈnəmbər əv ˈkələrz juzd, baɪ ˈpætərn sɔrs, baɪ ˈnidəl saɪz, baɪ stɑr ˈreɪtɪŋ, baɪ ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti, baɪ ˈɔrəʤən əv kroʊˈʃeɪ ˌtərmɪˈnɑləʤi, ənd baɪ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ. ðɛr ər ˈmɛni mɔr sərʧ ˈɔpʃənz ˈæftər ðə meɪn ˈfɪltərz. soʊ fər ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪf aɪ hæd ɪgˈzæktli 700 jɑrdz əv ˈwərstɪd eɪt jɑrn ɪn tu ˈkələrz, ənd aɪ nu aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ meɪk ə skɑrf, ˈjuzɪŋ ˈbɔbəlz ənd colorwork*, aɪ kʊd sərʧ ðət. nɑt ˈoʊnli ðət, bət ju kən ˈkəstəˌmaɪz ðə ˈfɪltərz tɪ ˈkɑmbaɪn treɪts: aɪ kʊd meɪk maɪ səˈlɛkʃənz ənd hɪt ədˈvænst wɛr ˈsərkəld ɪn rɛd ənd, ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ðət aɪ wɔnt mərˈinoʊ, ənd ˈkæʒmɪr, ər sɪlk, bət nɑt ˈnaɪˌlɑn. aɪ stɪl gɑt 27 ˈmæʧɪz frəm ðət sərʧ, bət haʊ bɪg ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs ɪz. ənd ðə seɪm goʊz fər ðə jɑrn tæb æt ðə tɔp lɛft əv ðə nɛkst tɪ ˈpætərnz. ju kən sərʧ θru ˈprɪti məʧ ˈɛvəri jɑrn əˈveɪləbəl, frəm rɛd hɑrt tɪ ˈɪndi ˈfaɪbər ˈɑrtɪsts, ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsɪmələr ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks tɪ ˈnɛroʊ ɪt daʊn. aɪ hoʊp ˈsəmˌwən faʊnd ðɪs ˈjusfəl ənd ɪf ə ˈnɪtər ər crocheter*, ˈsɪriəsli wərθ ə lʊk. nɑt ˈvɛri ˈæktɪv ˈleɪtli, bət wɛr aɪ goʊ fər ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən ɪf ˈnəθɪŋ ɛls.