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may-ohta

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{ "en": "He threw his certificate of dharma transmission and other valuable texts into a fire.", "ja": "印可の証明書や由来ある文書を火中に投じた。" }

{ "en": "Besides homosexuality, he did things that are forbidden in Buddhism, such as drinking liquor, eating meat, and cavorting with women, had a mistress called Shinjisha, and one of his students was a son of his named Shoutei KIOU.", "ja": "男色はもとより、仏教の戒律で禁じられていた飲酒·肉食や女犯を行い、盲目の「森侍者」（しんじしゃ）という側女がいたり、「岐翁紹禎」という実子の弟子がいた。" }

{ "en": "He walked about town in peculiar attire, such as with a wooden sword in a red lacquer sheath.", "ja": "朱鞘の木刀を差すなど、風変わりな格好をして街を歩きまわった。" }

{ "en": "One day while Rennyo, the master of Honganji and also his friend, was out, he went into his room and took a nap on Rennyo's statue of the Amitabha.", "ja": "親交のあった本願寺門主蓮如の留守中に居室に上がりこみ、蓮如の持念仏の阿弥陀如来像を枕に昼寝をした。" }

{ "en": "Upon returning home to see this, Rennyo said, \"what are you doing to my tools of trades?\"", "ja": "その時に帰宅した蓮如上人は『俺の商売道具に何をする』と言う発言を残している。" }

{ "en": "At the new year, he stuck a skull on top of a cane, and walked around yelling, \"beware, beware.\"", "ja": "正月に、杖の頭にドクロをしつらえ、「ご用心、ご用心」と叫びながら練り歩いた。" }

{ "en": "This kind of action seems strange at first, but has something in common with such famous Tang dynasty Chinese Rinzai priests as Fuke, and as a teaching style is an expression of the eccentric spirit of Zen.", "ja": "こうした一見奇抜な言動は、中国臨済宗の高僧として知られる普化など唐代の禅者と通じるものがあり、教義の面では禅宗の風狂の精神の表れとされる。" }

{ "en": "At the same time, it was also a way to criticize and satirize the decline Buddhism, and the growth of an authoritarian strain, and to raise an alarm at the wearing down and ossification of Buddhism.", "ja": "と同時に、こうした行動を通して、仏教の権威や形骸化を批判・風刺し、仏教の伝統化や風化に警鐘を鳴らすものでもあった。" }

{ "en": "This can also be understood from the sermon, \"7 Buddhas Tsuukaige\", which he wrote himself.", "ja": "彼の禅風は、直筆の法語として「七仏通誡偈」が残されていることからも伺える。" }

{ "en": "This kind of starkly human lifestyle, without concern for rules or formality, gained him sympathy from the masses, and in the Edo Period became the basis for collections of witty stories such as \"Ikkyuu's Sayings\".", "ja": "この戒律や形式にとらわれない人間臭い生き方は民衆の共感を呼び、江戸時代に彼をモデルとして一休咄に代表される頓知咄（とんちばなし）を生み出す元となった。" }

{ "en": "IKKYUU was known as a skilled calligrapher.", "ja": "一休は能筆で知られる。" }

{ "en": "It is said that IKKYUU was Jukou MURATA's teacher, and his writings were prized most highly among practitioners of the tea ceremony.", "ja": "一休が村田珠光の師であるという伝承があり、茶人の間で墨蹟が極めて珍重された。" }

{ "en": "(Recent research has cast doubt upon the tales of IKKYUU being Jukou's teacher.)", "ja": "（なお、珠光の師という説は現在の研究ではやや疑わしいとされる。)" }

{ "en": "His writings (poetry collections) include \"Kyouunshuu\", \"Kyouunshuu Continued\", \"Jikaishuu\", and \"Skeleton\".", "ja": "著書（詩集）は「狂雲集」、「続狂雲集」、「自戒集」、「骸骨」など。" }

{ "en": "He is representative of the Higashiyama culture.", "ja": "東山文化を代表する人物でもある。" }

{ "en": "He is known to have criticized the shogunate of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA and his wife Tomiko HINO.", "ja": "足利義政とその夫人日野富子の幕政を批判したことも知られる。" }

{ "en": "The New Year's decorative pine trees are a milestone on the journey toward death; they are both happy and unhappy. (Kyouunshuu)", "ja": "門松は冥土の旅の一里塚めでたくもありめでたくもなし（狂雲集）" }

{ "en": "The Buddha is mischievous, come to this world to lead many people astray.", "ja": "釈迦といふいたづらものが世にいでておほくの人をまよはすかな" }

{ "en": "Akikaze Ichiya Hyakusennen (One night together with you in the autumn breeze.", "ja": "秋風一夜百千年(秋風のなかあなたと共にいる。" }

{ "en": "That is worth a hundred or a thousand years.)", "ja": "それは百年にも千年の歳月にも値するものだ。)" }

{ "en": "In flowers, the cherry tree; in men, the samurai; in trees, the cypress; in fish, the sea bream; in kimono, the maple-leaf pattern; in flowers, Miyoshino (the cherry tree of the Yoshino district of Nara Prefecture).", "ja": "花は桜木、人は武士、柱は桧、魚は鯛、小袖はもみじ、花はみよしの" }

{ "en": "Woman is the storehouse of the dharma; she bears Buddha and Bodhidharma alike.", "ja": "女をば法の御蔵と云うぞ実に釈迦も達磨もひょいひょいと生む" }

{ "en": "According to Antonio INOKI and others, the words attributed to IKKYUU that begin with \"what will happen if I go down this path...\" are not actually his words, but are actually from Tetsuo KIYOZAWA's poem \"The Path\"; although there is some confusion about the source.", "ja": "なお、アントニオ猪木らによって、『一休の言葉』として流布されていた「この道を行けばどうなるものか・・・」に始まる言葉は実際には一休の言葉ではなく、文言に多少の相違はあるものの、もとは清沢哲夫の「道」という詩であったと見られる。" }

{ "en": "(compiled in \"Mujoudanshou\" with some omissions and errors)", "ja": "（『無常断章』に収録；一部、抜け・間違いあり）。" }

{ "en": "\"Ikyuu: A Zen Monk in Troubled Times\" (Hakugen ICHIKAWA, NHK Publishing, December 1970 – (NHK Books 132))", "ja": "「一休乱世に生きた禅者」（市川白弦著.--東京日本放送出版協会,1970年12月--(NHKブックス132)）" }

{ "en": "\"Ikyuu: The World of Kyouunshuu\" (Seizan YANAGIDA, Kyoto Jinbunshoin, August 1980)", "ja": "「一休「狂雲集」の世界」（柳田聖山著.--京都人文書院,1980年8月）" }

{ "en": "\"Ikkyuu\" (2nd Edition, Tsutomu MIZUKAMI, Tokyo Chuou Kouronsha, May 1997 (Chuukoubunko))", "ja": "「一休」（水上勉著.--改版.--東京中央公論社,1997年5月--(中公文庫)）" }

{ "en": "\"Ikkyuu: Breaking Rules and Madness\" (Isamu KURITA, Tokyo Shoudensha, November 2005) ISBN 4396612567", "ja": "「一休その破戒と風狂」（栗田勇著.--東京祥伝社,2005年11月）ISBN4396612567" }

{ "en": "Comics", "ja": "漫画" }

{ "en": "\"Akkanbee Ikkyuu\" by Hisashi SAKAGUCHI", "ja": "『あっかんべェ一休』坂口尚" }

{ "en": "Cartoons", "ja": "アニメ" }

{ "en": "\"Ikkyuu-san\" 10/15/1975 – 6/28/1982 Produced by Touei Moving Pictures (now Touei Animation); Broadcasted by Japan Educational Television (now Asahi Television)", "ja": "『一休さん』（1975年10月15日-1982年6月28日、東映動画(現東映アニメーション)制作、日本教育テレビ(現テレビ朝日)系列で放送）" }

{ "en": "\"R.O.D.: Read or Die\" (An OVA series sold from 2001 to -2002.", "ja": "『R.O.D-READORDIE-』（2001年から2002年にかけて発売されたOVA作品。" }

{ "en": "3 episodes.", "ja": "全3巻。" }

{ "en": "Produced by Studio Orphee/ANIPLEX)", "ja": "スタジオオルフェ/ANIPLEX製作）" }

{ "en": "Novels", "ja": "小説" }

{ "en": "\"Witty Detective Ikkyuu-san: The Secret Room in Kinkakuji\" (Touichirou KUJIRA)", "ja": "『とんち探偵一休さん金閣寺に密室（ひそかむろ）』（鯨統一郎）" }

{ "en": "\"Witty Detective Ikkyuu-san: Solving Riddles on the Road\" (Touichirou KUJIRA)", "ja": "『とんち探偵一休さん謎解き道中』（鯨統一郎）" }

{ "en": "\"Ikkyuu: Dark Nights\" (Ken ASAMATSU)", "ja": "『一休暗夜行』（朝松健）" }

{ "en": "\"Ikkyuu: Dark Things\" (Ken ASAMATSU)", "ja": "『一休闇物語』（朝松健）" }

{ "en": "\"Ikkyuu: Crescent Moon\" (Ken ASAMATSU)", "ja": "『一休虚月行』（朝松健）" }

{ "en": "\"Ikkyuu: Alkaid\" (Ken ASAMATSU)", "ja": "『一休破軍行』（朝松健）" }

{ "en": "Television Dramas", "ja": "テレビドラマ" }

{ "en": "\"War of the Flowers\" (1994, Soujun IKKYUU played by Eiji OKUDA)", "ja": "『花の乱』（1994年、一休宗純：奥田瑛二）" }

{ "en": "Television Variety Shows", "ja": "テレビバラエティー" }

{ "en": "\"Japanese History Suspense Theater\" (2008, Soujun IKKYUU played by Cha KATOU)", "ja": "『日本史サスペンス劇場』（2008年、一休宗純：加藤茶）" }

{ "en": "Biography", "ja": "伝記" }

{ "en": "Many stories recall that he was a quick-witted little monk in his childhood, and made a name for himself by doing difficult training in his youth.", "ja": "幼少期は頓知小僧で、青年期に厳しい修行を積んで名僧となったという逸話が多い。" }

{ "en": "This aspect is especially emphasized in the stories aimed at children.", "ja": "子供向けの物語では、特にこの傾向が強い。" }

{ "en": "Many of the stories feature him as a child getting one over on a priest or Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA with his witty remarks.", "ja": "また、幼少期の逸話には、頓知で和尚や足利義満をやり込める話が添えられることが多い。" }

{ "en": "Such stories combine elements from \"Ikkyuu's Sayings\" with the real Soujun IKKYUU; and as far as his childhood goes, is far from historically accurate; it is probably done to get readers involved in the story, as it only gets into more difficult reading in the episodes from his youth onward.", "ja": "これは『一休咄』と史実の一休宗純を一つの物語にしており、幼少期については史実から遠いと言えるが、青年期以降のエピソードのみでは堅い話となるので、親しみを持たせるためにこのようにしたと思われる。" }

{ "en": "Some accounts do not explicitly state the child IKKYUU's name or birth, or the names of temples.", "ja": "なお、幼少期の一休の名前や、寺の名前、生まれについては明示するものとしないものがある。" }

{ "en": "\"Ikkyuu's Sayings\"", "ja": "『一休咄』" }

{ "en": "Known as \"Ikkyuu-san's Witty Stories\", these appeared in the Genroku Period (the first half year of the Edo era), over 200 years after IKKYUU's death.", "ja": "「一休さんの頓知話」として知られる『一休咄』は、一休の遷化から200年余り後の元禄年間（江戸時代前期）に世に現れた。" }

{ "en": "The author is unknown.", "ja": "作者は不明である。" }

{ "en": "Because \"Ikkyuu's Sayings\" includes, in addition to IKKYUU's deeds, many characters and folk stories in which IKKYUU has been substituted for other monks, it cannot be called historically accurate.", "ja": "『一休咄』は、一休の事績の他に、一休になぞらえた民間説話や登場人物を他の高僧から一休に置き換えた伝説が数多く含むため、史実とは言い難い。" }

{ "en": "It is a book in which a historical figure has been imbued with the people's desires.", "ja": "民衆の願いを歴史上の人物に仮託した読物である。" }

{ "en": "\"Ikkyuu's Sayings\" is beloved today as a children's book; and there has been a television cartoon adaptation, \"Ikkyuu-san\".", "ja": "『一休咄』は、現在も子ども向けの読物として親しまれており、これを翻案したTVアニメ『一休さん』も製作された。" }

{ "en": "Through this story, many children have learned about Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Rokuonji, and the Muromachi Period before ever going to history class.", "ja": "この物語を通じて、歴史の授業以前に、一休の名はもとより、足利義満や鹿苑寺など室町時代についての知識を得た人は多い。" }

{ "en": "Amida triad is one style to place a Buddhist image in Buddhism.", "ja": "阿弥陀三尊(あみださんぞん)は、仏教における仏像安置形式の一つ。" }

{ "en": "It is a triad style and consists of Amida-Nyorai, i.e., Amitabha Buddha at the center and two attendants, Kannon-Bosatsu, i.e., Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva on the left and Seishi-Bosatsu, i.e., Mahasthamaprapta Bodhisattva on the right.", "ja": "阿弥陀如来を中尊とし、観音菩薩を左脇侍、勢至菩薩を右脇侍とする三尊形式である。" }

{ "en": "(The \"left\"or \"right\" in this case is the direction seen from Amida-Nyorai.)", "ja": "（なお、この場合の「左」「右」とは中尊から見た「左」「右」を指す。)" }

{ "en": "Kannon-Bosatsu is said to be the embodiment of the Amida's mercy and Seishi-Bosatsu is that of the Amida's wisdom.", "ja": "観音菩薩は阿弥陀如来の慈悲をあらわす化身であり、勢至菩薩は知恵をあらわす化身とされる。" }

{ "en": "The Kannon's crown displays kebustu, a small image of Amida, while the Seishi has suihei, a small water bottle, so you can tell one from the other with ease relatively.", "ja": "脇侍の観音菩薩は、宝冠の上に阿弥陀の化仏を表すし、勢至菩薩は水瓶を持つので、両脇侍は比較的区別がつけやすい。" }

{ "en": "In Japan, ancient examples are: The Amida triad made of bronze owned by the Tokyo National Museum, once dedicated to the Horyuji Temple as one of 48 Buddhist images (important cultural property), and the Amida triad also made of bronze enshrined in the Lady Tachibana's Shrine of Horyuji Temple (national treasure).", "ja": "日本では、法隆寺献納宝物・四十八体仏（東京国立博物館蔵）中の銅造阿弥陀三尊像（重文）、法隆寺の橘夫人厨子内に安置の銅造阿弥陀三尊像（国宝）などが古い作例である。" }

{ "en": "There are various forms of triads: Amida is seated in the center with statues on both sides standing (e.g. the triad in the Ninnaji Temple in Kyoto), all three statues are standing with Amida in the center (e.g. the triad in the Jodoji Temple in Hyogo), all three statues are seated with Amida in the center(e.g. the triad in the Seiryoji Temple in Kyoto), or Amida seated in the center and the other two statues are kneeling down (e.g. the triad in the Sanzenin Temple in Kyoto).", "ja": "中尊を坐像、脇侍を立像（りゅうぞう）とするもの（例：京都・仁和寺像）、中尊・脇侍とも立像とするもの（例：兵庫・浄土寺像）、中尊・脇侍とも坐像とするもの（例：京都・清凉寺像）、中尊は坐像、脇侍は跪坐（ひざまずく）するもの（例：京都・三千院像）など、形式は各種ある。" }

{ "en": "The triad with Amida seated at the center and the other two kneeling down on both sides is a form of Raigo, which means inviting the dead spirits to heaven. The left Bodhisattvas Kannon in this triad usually has a rendai, a lotus-flower-shaped pedestal to carry the dead.", "ja": "中尊は坐像、脇侍は跪坐とするものは来迎形式の阿弥陀三尊像であり、この場合、左脇侍の観音菩薩は往生者を迎え取るための蓮台を捧げ持つのが普通である。" }

{ "en": "There exists another formation made of 5 statues that includes Jizo-Bosatsu, i.e., Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, and Ryujyu-Bosatsu, i.e., Naagaarjuna Bodhisattva.", "ja": "また、地蔵菩薩と龍樹菩薩を含めて五尊像とした作例もみられる。" }

{ "en": "Major works in Japan", "ja": "日本における主な作例" }

{ "en": "The triad in Konjikido of the Tyusonji Temple in Iwate (Three-statue composition, the center one and the two on both sides, made during the Heian period and now are national treasures.)", "ja": "岩手・中尊寺金色堂像（国宝、中央壇・左壇・右壇の3組、平安時代）" }

{ "en": "The triad in the Seiryoji Temple in Kyoto (national treasures, made during the Heian period)", "ja": "京都・清凉寺像（国宝、平安時代）" }

{ "en": "The triad in the Ninnaji Temple in Kyoto (national treasures, made during the Heian period)", "ja": "京都・仁和寺像（国宝、平安時代）" }

{ "en": "The triad in the Sanzenin Temple in Kyoto (national treasures, made during the Heian period)", "ja": "京都・三千院像（国宝、平安時代）" }

{ "en": "The triad in the Jodoji Temple in Ono city, Hyogo (national treasures, made by KAIKEI during the Kamakura period, placed in Jododo)", "ja": "兵庫・浄土寺(小野市)像（国宝、鎌倉時代、快慶作、浄土堂安置）" }

{ "en": "The triad in the Horyuji Temple in Nara (national treasures, said to be the Buddhist image the Lady Tachibana had, made during the Nara period)", "ja": "奈良・法隆寺像（国宝、伝・橘夫人念持仏、奈良時代）" }

{ "en": "Reference: Amida triad in a Zenkouji style", "ja": "関連項目善光寺式阿弥陀三尊" }

{ "en": "Shinran was a Japanese Buddhist monk in the early Kamakura period.", "ja": "親鸞（しんらん）は、鎌倉時代初期の日本の僧。" }

{ "en": "He is recognized as the founder of Jodo Shinshu, or Shin Buddhism.", "ja": "浄土真宗の開祖（宗祖）とされる。浄土真宗の開祖（宗祖）と定めたのは、本願寺三世覚如である。" }

{ "en": "On November 28th, 1876, Shinran was given the posthumous Buddhist name Kenshin Daishi by Emperor Meiji.", "ja": "明治9年（1876年）11月28日に明治天皇より「見真大師（けんしんだいし）」の諡を追贈されている。" }

{ "en": "After Shinran met Honen (the founder of Jodo Shu) and became his disciple, he inherited 'the discipline of the true religion, Jodo Shu', making all efforts to enhance it.", "ja": "親鸞は、法然（浄土宗開祖）を師と仰いでからの生涯に渡り、「真の宗教である浄土宗の教え」を継承し、さらに高めて行く事に力を注いだ。" }

{ "en": "He doesn't seem to have intended to establish his own sect.", "ja": "自らが開宗する意志は無かったと考えられる。" }

{ "en": "He didn't possess his own temple, but constructed meeting places called Nenbutsu Dojo in various provinces to spread the teaching of Jodo Shinshu.", "ja": "独自の寺院を持つ事はせず、各地につつましい念仏道場を設けて教化する形であった。" }

{ "en": "While Shinran's nenbutsu group was censured by the Buddhist establishment and the other sects of Jodo Shu, a distinctive character of his discipline became clear, so his followers established a new sect, Jodo Shinshu, after his death.", "ja": "親鸞の念仏集団の隆盛が、既成の仏教教団や浄土宗他派からの攻撃を受けるなどする中で、宗派としての教義の相違が明確となって、親鸞の没後に宗旨として確立される事になる。" }

{ "en": "Jodo Shinshu is considered to have been founded in 1247, when Shinran finished writing \"Kenjodo shinjitsu kyogyo shomonrui\" (Kyogyo shinsho), but in reality it was after Shinran's death that Jodo Shinshu was officially recognized.", "ja": "浄土真宗の立教開宗の年は、『顕浄土真実教行証文類』（教行信証）が完成した寛元5年（1247年）とされるが、定められたのは親鸞の没後である。" }

{ "en": "The Seven Patriarchs of Jodo Shinshu: Shinran selected the following 7 monks as the high priests who had taught and spread the doctrine of Shomyo Nenbutsu.", "ja": "七高僧…称名念仏の教えを説き示し、受け伝えた高僧として、以下の7人を選定した。" }

{ "en": "Indian Buddhism", "ja": "インドの仏教" }

{ "en": "Nagarjuna: \"Jujubibasharon\", the ninth chapter of 'Igyohon' (the easy practice); \"Junirai\" (the twelve stanzas of adoration)", "ja": "龍樹…『十住毘婆沙論』「易行品」、『十二礼』" }

{ "en": "Vasubandhu: \"Muryojukyo ubadaisha ganshoge\" (Discourse on the Pure Land)", "ja": "世親…『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈』（浄土論）" }

{ "en": "Chinese Buddhism", "ja": "中国の仏教" }

{ "en": "Tan-luan: \"Muryojukyo ubadaisha ganshoge-chu\" (Commentary of a discourse on the Pure Land); \"San Amida Butsu Ge\" (hymns praising Amida Buddha)", "ja": "曇鸞（どんらんだいし）…『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈註』（浄土論註）、『讃阿弥陀陀佛偈』" }

{ "en": "Tao-cho: \"Anraku-shu\" (treatises on peace and joy)", "ja": "道綽（どうしゃくぜんじ）…『安楽集』" }

{ "en": "Shan-tao: \"Kammuryoju-kyosho\" (a commentary on the Kanmuryojukyo) (Kangyosho); \"Ojo Raisan Ge\" (hymns on the verse in the Pure Land) (Ojo Raisan); \"Tengyo gyodogan ojojodo hojisan\" (service book for the Pure Land school) (Hojisan); \"Ekangyotomyo hanjuzanmai gyodo ojosan\" (hymns on the presence of the Buddha) (Hanjusan); \"Kannen Amida Butsu sokai sanmai kudoku homon\" (directions for meditation and invocation) (Kannen homon)", "ja": "善導…『観無量寿経疏』（観経疏）、『往生礼讃偈』（往生礼讃）、『転経行道願往生浄土法事讃』（法事讃）、『依観経等明般舟三昧行道往生讃』（般舟讃）、『観念阿弥陀仏相海三昧功徳法門』（観念法門）" }

{ "en": "Japanese Buddhism", "ja": "日本の仏教" }

{ "en": "Genshin: \"Ojoyoshu\" (treatises on rebirth)\"", "ja": "源信_(僧侶)（げんしんかしょう）…『往生要集』" }

{ "en": "Genku Sho'nin (Honen Sho'nin): \"Senjaku Hongan Nenbutsu Shu\" (treatises on the Great Vow)\" (Singled-Out Collection)", "ja": "源空聖人（法然上人）…『選択本願念仏集』（選択集）" }

{ "en": "Prince Shotoku: Shinran revered Prince Shotoku as \"Wakoku-no-kyoshu\" (the founder of Japanese Buddhism) and worshiped him as an incarnation of Kannon Bosatsu (Bodhisattva).", "ja": "聖徳太子…「和国の教主」として尊敬し、観音菩薩の化身として崇拝した。" }

{ "en": "\"Seventeen-article constitution\"", "ja": "『十七条憲法』" }

{ "en": "Honen set the following three books as the canon, which were preached by Sakyamuni and generically called 'Three Pure Land Sutras': \"Muryoju-kyo Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo\", \"Kammuryoju-kyo\" and \"Amida-kyo.\"", "ja": "「浄土三部経」と総称される、釈尊により説かれた『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』、『観無量寿経』、『阿弥陀経』を、拠り所の経典と定める。" }

{ "en": "The book \"Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo\" was also called \"Daimuryoju-kyo\" (Daikyo), and considered the most significant sutra by Shinran.", "ja": "特に『佛説無量寿経』を『大無量寿経』（大経）と呼び、教えの中心となる経典として最重要視した。" }

{ "en": "In the teaching of Jodo Shinshu, those who awaken faith in the saving grace of Amida Nyorai and express deep feeling of gratitude by reciting his name \"Namu Amida Butsu,\" are to be reborn in the Pure Land of Amida and become a Buddha.", "ja": "阿弥陀如来にこの世で救われて「南無阿弥陀仏」と報謝の念仏を称える（称名）身になれば、阿弥陀仏の浄土（極楽）へ往って、阿弥陀仏の元で仏として生まれることができるとされる。" }