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may-ohta

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{ "en": "Because long time ago Hozo bosatsu (Amida Butsu when he was still studying) invoked the forty-eight vows, and the main idea of the eighteenth vow (called the Great Vow) had been 'if any one is not saved in this world, I shall not attain Buddhahood', and then he became a Buddha with all his vows fulfilled.", "ja": "なぜなら法蔵菩薩（阿弥陀仏の修行時の名）が、48の誓願（四十八願）を建立し、その第18番目の願（本願）である第十八願に「すべての人が救われなければ、わたしは仏とはならぬ」（「設我得佛十方衆生至心信樂欲生我國乃至十念若不生者不取正覺唯除五逆誹謗正法」）と誓われ、それらの願がすべて成就して仏になられているからである。" }

{ "en": "It is the Great Vow of Amida Butsu that leads all the people (sentient beings) to the Pure Land, and the path to the Pure Land will open by the faith which is given by Amida Butsu (Easy Path).", "ja": "この為、人（凡夫）が極楽浄土へ往生出来るのは阿弥陀仏の本願によるものであり、この理（ことわり）を賜る（信心をいただく）ことにより、往生への道がひらける（易行道）。" }

{ "en": "This is called Shinji Shoin Shomyo Ho-on (meaning only the belief given by Amida Butsu leads you to the Pure Land, so you have to recite the name of Amida Butsu to express the feeling of gratitude).", "ja": "信心正因称名報恩という。" }

{ "en": "As mentioned before, the faith in this context isn't the faith given by people's own efforts, but it is Amida Butsu who gives them the faith, and everything that happens in this world is due to the work of Amida Butsu.", "ja": "前述した通り、信心も自分から信ずる心の意味ではなく、阿弥陀仏から賜ったものであるり、すべてが阿弥陀仏の働きであるとする。" }

{ "en": "This viewpoint is called \"Tariki Hongan,\" which means salvation through the benevolence of Amida Butsu.", "ja": "これを他力本願（たりきほんがん）と呼ぶ。" }

{ "en": "In the teaching of Jodo Shinshu, all people (sentient beings) are considered creatures who don't have wisdom like Buddha and have to live through the degenerate age of Mappo.", "ja": "ここで言う人（凡夫）とは、仏のような智慧を持ち合わせない末法の世に生きるすべての人を言う。" }

{ "en": "However, the teaching doesn't necessarily deny those who try to attain enlightenment by themselves (or those who try to choose the Difficult Path).", "ja": "しかし、自力で悟りを開こうとする人（難行道を選ぶ人）を否定するものではない。" }

{ "en": "Shinran also wrote in his book \"Shoshinge\" that it is really difficult to keep holding your faith without any misunderstandings.", "ja": "また、正信偈に「彌陀佛本願念佛邪見憍慢惡衆生信樂受持甚以難難中之難無過斯」とあり、誤り無く信心を持ち続ける（いただき続ける）のは、非常に難しい事だとも、親鸞は述べている。" }

{ "en": "\"Tariki\" means the work or power of Amidabutsu.", "ja": "他力とは阿弥陀仏の働き（力）を指す。" }

{ "en": "Therefore the devoted followers of Jodo Shinshu choose not to use the word \"tariki\" in such contexts like 'you depend on the other people too much', or 'it is due to the work of sun, rain, wind, air or other nature', because the true meaning of \"tariki\" is not the influence of people or nature but Amidabutsu, though this misusage is pervasive now.", "ja": "「他人まかせ」や「太陽の働きや雨や風や空気、そのほかの自然の働き」という意味での使用は、本来の意味の誤用から転じ一般化したものであり、敬虔な浄土真宗信者（門徒）は、後者の表現を嫌悪・忌避する。" }

{ "en": "The idea called \"Akunin Shoki\" is also unique to Shinran.", "ja": "「悪人正機」と呼ばれる思想も親鸞独自のものとして知られている。" }

{ "en": "This is something you can see in the thinking of Honen, who was Shinran's teacher, but it is also said that Shinran organized the idea as a doctrine.", "ja": "既に親鸞の師・法然に見られる思想であるが、これを教義的に整備したのが親鸞であるともいわれる。" }

{ "en": "In the book \"Tannisho\" is written that 'if even good people can be born in the Pure Land, how much more so the evil people', and this has also something to do with the concept of \"Tariki Hongan,\" which was mentioned above. The meaning of this is that people (sentient beings) are too ignorant to do something good that leads to the Pure Land.", "ja": "『歎異抄』に「善人なおもて往生をとぐ、いわんや悪人をや（善人が極楽往生できるのなら、悪人ができないはずが無い）」と有るのは、上記「他力本願」とも関係する思想であるが、その意味は、＜人（凡夫）は自力で善（往生の手段となる行為）を成しとげることは不可能である。" }

{ "en": "People (sentient beings) always do evil things, which never leads them to the Pure Land.", "ja": "人（凡夫）はすべて悪（往生の手段とならない行為）しか成せない。" }

{ "en": "So, paradoxically, those who know they are evil are closer to the path to salvation by the Great Vow, rather than those who consider themselves good and still believe that they can do something good.", "ja": "だから、悪人と自覚している人の方が、自分は善人だと思っている人より、本願により救われる道を自覚している事になる＞という逆説的な表現である。" }

{ "en": "It could be said an extension of the idea of not-self, or Anatta in Mahayana Buddhism.", "ja": "大乗無我思想のひとつの到達点といえる。" }

{ "en": "Shinran thought that we are all Gensho shojoju, which means we are saved by the Great Vow of Amida Butsu and already destined to go to the Pure Land, so he decided to live in this world illustrating how much his life is filled with joy and happiness derived from the life in the Pure Land.", "ja": "阿弥陀仏に救われている私であるとして、信一念時に、極楽浄土に往生出来る身に定まった現生正定聚（げんしょうしょうじょうじゅ）の身となり、浄土の功徳を現生に感得し証明しながら生きていくこととした。" }

{ "en": "This idea goes beyond that of Honen, and is one of the significant doctrinal differences between Jodo Shinshu and Jodo shu.", "ja": "この考え方は法然を超えたもので、浄土宗と浄土真宗の教義上の違いの一つである。" }

{ "en": "All the ages below are according to the East Asian age reckoning.", "ja": "年齢は、数え年。" }

{ "en": "All the dates and years below are according to the Japanese lunar calendar, in order to show the accurate date and be able to identify the dates when the books are written.", "ja": "年月日は、暦の正確性・著作との整合を保つ為、旧暦表示（性歿年月日を除く）とした。" }

{ "en": "On April 1st, 1173 (according to the solar calendar, May 21st), Shinran was born the first son of Arinori HINO, whose title was Daishin of the emperor's mother, near the present Hino Tanjo-in in the Hokai-ji Temple (Hino, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City).", "ja": "承安(日本)3年（1173年）4月1日に、現在の法界寺、日野誕生院付近（京都市伏見区日野）にて、皇太后宮の大進（だいしん）･日野家系譜有範（ありのり）最近の研究では、出自を日野氏とする事に疑問とする意見もある。の長男として誕生する。" }

{ "en": "His mother is recognized to be Kikko'nyo, granddaughter of Hachimantaro Yoshiie (=MINAMOTO no Yoshiie) of the Seiwa Genji clan.", "ja": "母は、清和源氏の八幡太郎義家の孫娘の「吉光女（きっこうにょ）参考文献：真宗聖典編纂委員会編『真宗聖典』真宗大谷派宗務所出版部、1978年、ISBN4-8341-0070-7。」とされる。" }

{ "en": "His name as a child was Matsuwakamaro or Matsuwakamaru.", "ja": "幼名は、「松若磨参考文献：高松信英・野田晋著『親鸞聖人伝絵-御伝鈔に学ぶ-』真宗大谷派宗務所出版部、1987年刊行、ISBN4-8341-0164-5。」、「松若丸参考文献：瓜生津隆真・細川行信編『真宗小事典』法藏館、2000年新装版、ISBN4-8318-7067-6。」。" }

{ "en": "In 1181, when Shinran was 9, he was inducted into the Buddhist priesthood by Jien (who later became a chief abbot called Tendai Zasu) at a Buddhist monastery called Shoren-in, and given the Buddhist name Hannen.", "ja": "治承5年（1181年）9歳、京都青蓮院（しょうれんいん）において、後の天台座主･慈円のもと得度し、「範宴（はんねん）」と称する。" }

{ "en": "After he entered the priesthood, he went to Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei and stayed at the training center called Jogyodo in the Shuryogon-in in Yokawa, where his master Jien served as Kengyo. He pursued his study and disciplined himself as a monk of the Tendai sect according to its religious practice of Fudan Nenbutsu.", "ja": "出家後は延暦寺（比叡山延暦寺）に登り、慈円が検校（けんぎょう）を勤める横川（よかわ）の首楞厳院（しゅりょうごんいん）の常行堂において、天台宗の堂僧として不断念仏（ふだんねんぶつ）の修行をしたとされる。" }

{ "en": "He served for 20 years on Mt. Hiei, but he came to realize the limitations of Self-power.", "ja": "比叡山において20年に渡り厳しい修行を積むが、自力修行の限界を感じるようになる。" }

{ "en": "Around the spring of 1201, when Shinran was 29, he left Mt. Hiei and for the purpose of praying for the coming generations he went to Choho-ji Temple (located in present Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto City), which was founded by Prince Shotoku, and secluded himself for 100 days there.", "ja": "建仁元年（1201年）の春頃、親鸞29歳の時に叡山と決別して下山し、後世の祈念の為に聖徳太子の建立とされる頂法寺（京都市中京区）へ百日参籠を行う。" }

{ "en": "On the 95th day of his seclusion (April 5th of the same year), he had a dream in which Prince Shotoku (or Kannon Bosatsu's incarnation) appeared and said, \"If you have sexual intercourse because of your previous karma, I will take your sin instead becoming the woman for you.", "ja": "そして95日目（同年4月5日）の暁の夢中に、聖徳太子が示現され（観音菩薩の化身が現れ）、「行者がこれまでの因縁によってたとい女犯があっても私（観音）が玉女の身となって、肉体の交わりを受けよう。" }

{ "en": "Serve the temple earnestly through your life, and I will lead you to the Pure Land at your death.\"", "ja": "一生の間、よく荘厳してその死に際して引き導いて極楽に生じさせよう」という偈句を得る。" }

{ "en": "Shinran followed the prophetic dream, and as dawn broke he visited Honen, who had lived in Higashiyama Yoshimizu (present Maruyama-cho, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto City).", "ja": "この夢告に従い、夜明けとともに東山吉水（京都市東山区円山町）の法然の草庵現在の安養寺付近。を訪ねる。" }

{ "en": "(Honen was 69 then.)", "ja": "（この時、法然は69歳。）" }

{ "en": "Shinran moved in a thatched hut in Okazaki (present Okazaki Higashitenno-cho, Sakyo-ku), and visited Honen for 100 days to listen to his teaching.", "ja": "そして岡崎の地（左京区岡崎東天王町）に草庵現在の真宗大谷派岡崎別院付近。を結び、百日にわたり法然の元へ通い聴聞する出典：『恵信尼消息』。" }

{ "en": "Shinran decided to become Honen's disciple when he learned Honen's teaching of \"Exclusive Nenbutsu\".", "ja": "法然の「専修念仏」の教えに触れ、入門を決意する。" }

{ "en": "Then Shinran was given a new Buddhist name, \"Shakku\", by Honen.", "ja": "これを機に法然より、「綽空（しゃっくう）「綽」は、中国の道綽禅師より、「空」は源空〈法然〉上人より。」の名を与えられる。" }

{ "en": "Shinran studied hard, and gradually earned the respect of his master Honen.", "ja": "親鸞は研鑽を積み、しだいに法然に高く評価されるようになる。" }

{ "en": "On April 14th, 1205, (5 years later of Shinran's becoming Honen's disciple), Honen permitted Shinran to make a copy of his work, \"Senjaku Hongan Nenbutsushu\" (Singled-out Collection) and draw a portrait of Him.", "ja": "元久2年（1205年）4月14日(旧暦)（入門より5年後）、『選択本願念仏集』（選択集）の書写と、法然の肖像画の制作を許される。" }

{ "en": "This was a privilege reserved for only a select few disciples.", "ja": "法然は『選択集』の書写は、門弟の中でもごく一部の者にしか許さなかった。" }

{ "en": "At about this time, Shinran asked Honen to change his name, and was given the name \"Zenshin\".", "ja": "この頃、親鸞より法然に改名を願い出て、「善信（ぜんしん）「善」は、中国の善導大師より、「信」は源信和尚より。」の名を与えられる。" }

{ "en": "It is said that during his study under Honen, Shinran got married with either Tamahi, daughter of Kanezane KUJO, or Eshinni, daughter of the Miyoshi clan.", "ja": "法然の元で学ぶ間に九条兼実の娘・玉日、又は三善氏の娘・後の恵信尼と結婚したとする説がある。" }

{ "en": "At that time, it was common to allow exiled criminals to marry, and this interpretation is supported even today.", "ja": "当時は、配流される罪人には妻帯させるのが一般的であり、近年ではこの説が有力視されている。" }

{ "en": "There are many stories about Shinran's marriage, such as the idea that Tamahi and Eshinni were the same person.", "ja": "また、玉日＝恵信尼、同一人物説など、親鸞の婚姻には多数の説がある。" }

{ "en": "In the illustrated biography of Shinran called Hongan-ji Sho'nin Denne, the painting of 'Entering Yoshimizu Temple' is followed by that of 'The Oracle at Rokkakudo', but the book of \"Eshinni shosoku\" says, 'Shinran made ceaseless visits to the master Honen for 100 days, and it was just like his seclusion at the Rokkakudo, which lasted for 100 days,....'", "ja": "本願寺聖人伝絵には、「吉水入室」の後に「六角告命」の順になっているが、『恵信尼消息』には、「法然上人にあひまゐらせて、また六角堂に百日篭らせたまひて候ひけるやうに、また百か日、降るにも照るにも、いかなるたいふ（大事）にも、まゐりてありしに、…」とある。" }

{ "en": "Generally speaking, the descriptions about these events in the book of \"Godensho\" are considered Kaku'nyo's miswriting.", "ja": "一般に『御伝鈔』の記述は、覚如の誤記と考えられる。" }

{ "en": "Besides that, some handwritten copies of the book say \"The Oracle at Rokkakudo\" and \"Entering Yoshimizu Temple\" were events that happened in 1626, but they are also considered errors in writing.", "ja": "同様に「六角告命」「吉水入室」ともに、建仁3年と記されている写本があるが、これも建仁元年の誤記と考えられる。" }

{ "en": "(The West Hongan-ji Temple version of the book says only \"The Oracle at Rokkakudo\" took place in 1626.)", "ja": "（西本願寺本は、「六角告命」のみ建仁3年と記される。）" }

{ "en": "In February, 1207, at the protest of Kofuku-ji Temple, Honen's \"Exclusive Nenbutsu\" was suppressed, and 4 people including Junsai were executed, and 8 people including Honen and Shinran were to be banished (this incident is called Jogen no Honan).", "ja": "建永2年（1207年）2月、興福寺の訴えにより、専修念仏の停止と、遵西など4名を死罪、法然・親鸞ら8名が流罪となった（承元の法難）。" }

{ "en": "Honen and Shinran were deprived of their Buddhist names then.", "ja": "この時、法然・親鸞は僧籍を剥奪される。" }

{ "en": "Honen was given the nonclerical name \"Motohiko FUJII\", and Shinran \"Yoshizane FUJII\".", "ja": "法然は「藤井元彦」の俗名を与えられ、親鸞は「藤井善信（ふじいよしざね）」を与えられる。" }

{ "en": "Honen was banished to Tosa Province (present Kochi Prefecture), and Shinran to Echigo Kokufu (present Niigata Prefecture).", "ja": "法然は、土佐国（現・高知県）へ、親鸞は越後国府（現・新潟県）に配流された。" }

{ "en": "Partly because the letters of his Buddhist name Zenshin were used in the secular name Yoshizane, he called himself \"Gutokusha Shinran\" (Gutokusha means a foolish bald man), borrowing the Shin from India's Tenshin Bosatsu and the Ran from Unran Daishi, and began to lead a life of \"Hiso Hizoku\" (neither monk nor layman).", "ja": "親鸞は「善信」の名を俗名に使われた事もあり、「愚禿釋親鸞（ぐとくしゃくしんらん）「親」は、インドの天親菩薩より、「鸞」は曇鸞大師より。」と名乗り、非僧非俗（ひそうひぞく）の生活を開始する。" }

{ "en": "Some accounts have it that at about this time Shinran got married to Eshinni, daughter of the strong warrior Tamenori MIYOHI.", "ja": "この頃に豪族・三善為則の娘、恵信尼（えしんに）と結婚した説もある。" }

{ "en": "Also, he is said to have had a baby in exile.", "ja": "また、配流中に子をもうけている。" }

{ "en": "In November, 1211 (5 years after his exile), the court issued an order to pardon Shinran and Honen.", "ja": "建暦元年（1211年）11月（流罪より5年後）、法然とともに罪を赦された。" }

{ "en": "On January 25th, 1212, Honen died in Kyoto at the age of 80.", "ja": "建暦2年（1212年）1月25日(旧暦)に、法然は京都で80歳をもって入滅。" }

{ "en": "So Shinran never met his master again.", "ja": "親鸞は二度と師･法然に会う事は出来なかった。" }

{ "en": "Partly because of this, Shinran didn't return to Kyoto and remained in Echigo.", "ja": "その事もあり親鸞は、京都に帰らず越後にとどまった。" }

{ "en": "In 1214 (three years after the pardon), Shinran left Echigo with his family and some disciples such as Shoshin to preach his teachings to the people in the Kanto region, and they made their way from the Zenko-ji Temple in Shinano Province, through Sanuki no sho in Kozuke Province to Hitachi (present northeast area of Ibaraki Prefecture).", "ja": "建保2年（1214年）（流罪を赦免より3年後）、関東での布教活動の為、家族や性信（しょうしん）などの門弟と共に越後を出発し、信濃国の善光寺から上野国佐貫庄を経て、常陸（茨城県北東部）に向かう。" }

{ "en": "In 1216, Shinran began to build thatched huts such as \"Oyama no soan\" (located in present Shirosatomachi, Ibaraki Prefecture), \"Kojima no soan\" (located in present Ojima, Shimotsuma-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture) and \"Inada no soan\" in Inada no go (present Inada, Kasama-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture).", "ja": "建保4年（1216年）に、「大山の草庵」（茨城県城里町）を開くのを皮切りに、「小島の草庵」（茨城県下妻市小島）を開き、稲田郷（茨城県笠間市稲田）に「西念寺(笠間市)「稲田の草庵」を由緒とする寺院はいくつかあり、西念寺の他に、浄興寺（現在は、新潟県上越市に移転）などがある。" }

{ "en": "He settled at Hitachi Province and spread his teachings vigorously to the people there.", "ja": "親鸞は、ここを拠点に精力的な布教活動を行う。" }

{ "en": "His missionary work in the Kanto region lasted about 20 years.", "ja": "東国（関東）での布教は、約20年間及ぶ。" }

{ "en": "It is also said that Shinran spent 4 years on writing a rough draft of his main work \"Kenjodo shinjitsu kyogyo shomonrui\" (Kyogyo shinsho) at his thatched hut in Inada.", "ja": "また、主著である『顕浄土真実教行証文類』（教行信証）は、稲田の草庵にて4年の歳月をかけ、草稿本を撰述したとされる。" }

{ "en": "According to the Sainen-ji Temple's story, Shinran's wife Eshinni didn't accompany him to Kyoto and remained in \"Inada no soan\" until her death.", "ja": "西念寺の寺伝によると、妻の恵信尼は、京には同行せず「稲田の草庵」に残ったとされ、文永9年（1272年）に、ここで没したとされる。" }

{ "en": "Shinran's 24 leading disciples in the Kanto region came to be called \"Kanto twenty-four followers of Shinran\" in later days.", "ja": "この関東布教時代の高弟は、後に「関東二十四輩」と呼ばれるようになる。" }

{ "en": "These disciples founded temples in the area of Hitachi, Shimotsuke and so on.", "ja": "その24人の高弟たちが、常陸や下野などで開山する。" }

{ "en": "The number of the temples founded by the Kanto followers are now 43, and they survive to this day being called \"Temples founded by twenty-four followers of Shinran\".", "ja": "それらの寺院は、現在43ヶ寺あり「二十四輩寺院」と呼ばれ存続している。" }

{ "en": "In 1234, the Kamakura shogunate declared a ban on Nenbutsu practitioners.", "ja": "天福(日本)2年（1234年）鎌倉幕府が、念仏者取締令を出す。" }

{ "en": "That is why Shinran made his way to Kyoto at the age of 62 or 63.", "ja": "その為、62、3歳の頃に帰京する。" }

{ "en": "After his return to Kyoto, he began to devote himself to writing books.", "ja": "帰京後は、著作活動に励むようになる。" }

{ "en": "After Shinran left Hitachi Province, various heresies and misinterpretations of his teachings to arose.", "ja": "親鸞が帰京した後の東国（関東）では、様々な異義異端が取り沙汰される様になる。" }

{ "en": "Around 1247, when Shinran was about 75, he completed his work \"Kyogyo shinsho\", which Shinran had been revising and supplementing for a long time, and he allowed his disciple Sonren to copy his book.", "ja": "寛元5年（1247年）75歳の頃には、補足･改訂を続けてきた『教行信証』を完成したとされ、尊蓮に書写を許す。" }

{ "en": "In 1248, he completed these two books of \"Jodo wasan\" and \"Koso wasan\".", "ja": "宝治2年（1248年）、『浄土和讃』と『高僧和讃』を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "In 1250, he completed \"Yuishinsho mon'i\" (preserved in the Morioka Honsei-ji Temple).", "ja": "建長2年（1250年）、『唯信鈔文意』（盛岡本誓寺蔵本）を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "In 1251, Shinran sent a letter to pacify a dispute called \"Unen-munen no jo,\" which happened in Hitachi Province.", "ja": "建長3年（1251年）、常陸の「有念無念の諍」を書状を送って制止する。" }

{ "en": "In 1252, he completed \"Jodo monruijusho\".", "ja": "建長4年（1252年）、『浄土文類聚鈔』（じょうどもんるいじゅしょう）を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "Around 1253, Shinran sent his son Zenran and his grandson Nyoshin to the Kanto region in order to spread an authentic doctrine to people.", "ja": "建長5年（1253年）頃、善鸞（親鸞の息子）とその息子如信（親鸞の孫）を正統な宗義布教の為に東国（関東）へ派遣した。" }

{ "en": "However, Zenran devoted himself to the wrong doctrine called \"Senju kenzen\", and he preached the heresy even to the people who had understood Shinran's teachings properly, causing a turmoil.", "ja": "しかし善鸞は、邪義である「専修賢善」（せんじゅけんぜん）に傾いたともいわれ、正しい念仏者にも異義異端を説き、混乱させた。" }

{ "en": "Nyoshin kept preaching Shinran's teachings to the people at Oami, Mutsu Province, and gained a large number of disciples called \"Oami monto\".", "ja": "如信は、陸奥国の大網にて布教を続け、「大網門徒」と呼ばれる大規模な門徒集団を築く。" }

{ "en": "In 1254, it is said that Eshinni asked her youngest daughter Kakushinni to take care of Shinran, and she left for her hometown Echigo.", "ja": "建長6年（1254年）、恵信尼は、親鸞の身の回りの世話を末娘の覚信尼に任せ、故郷の越後に帰ったと伝えられる。" }

{ "en": "The reason she returned home was to take care of her relatives and the lands of the Miyoshi family to which she was born.", "ja": "帰郷の理由は、親族の世話や生家である三善家の土地の管理などであったとされる。" }

{ "en": "In 1255, he completed \"Songo shinzo meimon\" (an abstract/ preserved in the Houn-ji Temple in Fukui Prefecture), \"Jodo sangyo ojo monrui\" (an abstract/ Kencho version), \"Gutokusho\" (2 vols.) and \"Kotaishi Shotoku hosan\" (75 poems).", "ja": "建長7年（1255年）、『尊号真像銘文』（略本・福井県・法雲寺本）、『浄土三経往生文類』（略本・建長本）、『愚禿鈔』（二巻鈔）、『皇太子聖徳奉讃』（七十五首）『正像末和讃』（「皇太子聖徳奉讃〈十一首〉」）に収録されている物とは、別の和讃集。を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "In 1256, he completed \"Nyushutsu nimonge\" (hymns on the two gates, entrance and exit) (preserved in the Houn-ji Temple in Fukui Prefecture).", "ja": "建長8年（1256年）、『入出二門偈』（福井県・法雲寺本）を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "Shinran declared that he would disown his son Zenran in his letter dated May 29th of that year, because Zenran preached heresy to the people in the Kanto region.", "ja": "同年5月29日付の手紙で、東国（関東）にて異義異端を説いた善鸞を義絶する。" }

{ "en": "It is thought that the visit to the Kanto followers mentioned in the second chapter of the \"Tannisho\" took place around this time.", "ja": "『歎異抄』第二条に想起される関東衆の訪問は、これに前後すると思われる。" }

{ "en": "In 1256, Shinran completed \"Nyorai nishu ekomon\" (Osoeko Gensoeko monrui).", "ja": "康元元年（1256年）、『如来二種回向文』（往相回向還相回向文類）を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "In 1257, he completed \"Ichinen tanen mon'i (means notes on one-thought and many-thoughts)\" and \"Dainihonkoku zokusan'o shotoku taishi hosan\", and made a copy of \"Jodo sangyo ojomonrui\" (longer version/Kogen version).", "ja": "康元2年（1257年）、『一念多念文意』、『大日本国粟散王聖徳太子奉讃』を撰述し、『浄土三経往生文類』（広本・康元本）を転写する。" }

{ "en": "In 1258, he completed \"Songo shinzo meimon\" (longer version) and \"Shozomatsu wasan\".", "ja": "正嘉2年（1258年）、『尊号真像銘文』（広本）、『正像末和讃』を撰述する。" }

{ "en": "The three books \"Jodo wasan\", \"Koso wasan\" and \"Shozomatsu wasan\" as a set are called 'Sanjo wasan'.", "ja": "『浄土和讃』『高僧和讃』『正像末和讃』を、「三帖和讃」と総称する。" }

{ "en": "The letters written by Shinran around this time were later compiled into the books of \"Mattosho\" (compiled by Jukaku) and \"Shinran Sho'nin goshosokushu\" (compiled by Zensho).", "ja": "この頃の書簡は、後に『末燈抄』（編纂従覚）、『親鸞聖人御消息集』（編纂善性）などに編纂される。" }

{ "en": "On January 16th, 1263, he died at the age of 90 (according to the East Asian age reckoning, and 89 in a regular way of counting) in \"Zenpo-in\" at Oshikoji Minami and Madenokoji Higashi (his younger brother Jin'u served as a chief monk there).", "ja": "弘長2年（1262年）11月28日(旧暦)（1263年1月16日〈新暦〉浄土真宗本願寺派・真宗高田派などでは、明治5年11月の改暦（グレゴリオ暦〈新暦〉導入）に合わせて、生歿の日付を新暦に換算し、生誕日を5月21日に、入滅日を1月16日に改めた。真宗大谷派・真宗佛光寺派・真宗興正派などでは、旧暦の日付をそのまま新暦の日付に改めた。）押小路（おしこうじ）南、万里（までの）小路東の「善法院（弟の尋有が院主の坊）」にて、享年90（満89歳）をもって入滅する。" }

{ "en": "There are various explanations as to the place of his death, \"Zenpo-in (Zenpo-bo) at Oshikoji Minami/Madenokoji Higashi.\"", "ja": "入滅の地である、「押小路南・万里小路東の善法院〈善法坊〉」には諸説ある。" }

{ "en": "The Hongan-ji sect said that \"Zenpo-bo\" was at the west side of Madenokoji, and restored Zenpo-in (present-day Hongan-ji Sect Kadonobo Annex).", "ja": "本願寺派は、「善法坊」の場所を西の万里小路とし、善法院を再興する（現、本願寺派角坊別院）。" }

{ "en": "The Otani Sect supposed the location of \"Zenpo-in\" to be at the ruins of Hosen-ji Temple, built in a place that had come to be called \"Shinrangahara\" (present-day Kyoto Municipal Kyoto Oike Middle School - Toraishi-cho), and erected a stone monument with the words \"The Place Where Kenshin Daishi Passed On.\"", "ja": "大谷派は、「善法院」の場所を「親鸞ヶ原」と呼ばれるようになった地に建立された法泉寺の跡地（現、京都市立京都御池中学校〈虎石町〉）付近と推定して、「見真大師遷化之旧跡」の石碑を建立する。" }

{ "en": "(Some also say that he passed on at Koen-ji Temple (Kyoto City Shimogyo Ward) and his body was moved to Zenpo-in for some reason.)", "ja": "〔また、光円寺（京都市下京区）で入滅され、何等かの理由により善法院に御遺体を移されたとする説もある。〕" }

{ "en": "At his death, Shinran's younger brother Jin'u and his youngest daughter Kakushinni, among others, were with him.", "ja": "臨終は、親鸞の弟の尋有僧都（じんうそうず）や末娘の覚信尼らが見取った。" }

{ "en": "His ashes were interred at \"Otani\", north of Toribeno.", "ja": "遺骨は、鳥部野北辺の「大谷」に納められた。" }

{ "en": "Since his exile, he had stuck to his own status which was neither a monk nor a layman.", "ja": "流罪より生涯に渡り、非僧非俗の立場を貫いた。" }

{ "en": "The ritual called \"Ho-onko\" for expressing the feeling of gratitude to Shinran takes place on the date of his death annually.", "ja": "現在でも親鸞への報恩感謝の為、祥月命日には「報恩講」と呼ばれる法要が営まれている。" }

{ "en": "According to the book of \"Godensho\" written by the 3rd caretaker of Hongan-ji Temple Kakunyo, 'his cremation was held at Ennin-ji Temple, south of Toribeno.'", "ja": "火葬の地は、親鸞の曾孫で本願寺三世の覚如の『御伝鈔』に「鳥部野（とりべの）の南の辺、延仁寺に葬したてまつる」と記されている。" }

{ "en": "The Hongan-ji sect says that he was cremated around the south side of Mt. Toribe (present-day Otani Honbyo/Nishi Otani Ondabisho).", "ja": "本願寺派は、鳥辺山南辺（現在の大谷本廟〈西大谷〉の「御荼毘所」）にて荼毘に付されたとする。" }

{ "en": "The Otani sect says that he was cremated at Enni-ji Temple (Imakumano, Kyoto City Higashi Ward).", "ja": "大谷派は、延仁寺（京都市東山区今熊野）にて荼毘に付されたとしている。" }