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The report [ … ] found that the United States was one of the most pollution-free nations in the world.” | Water pollution is a major problem in many developing countries. | 1 | [
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Weather is chaotic because air is light, it has low friction and viscosity, it expands strongly when in contact with hot surfaces and it conducts heat poorly. | Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects. | 0 | [
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“The Lancet researchers found that about 0.5%—half a percent—of all deaths are associated with heat, not only from acute problems like heat stroke, but also increased mortality from cardiac events and dehydration. | Air pollution was also found to be associated with increased incidence and mortality from coronary stroke in a cohort study in 2011. | 1 | [
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“Federal scientists have documented a sharp jump in this nuisance flooding — often called ‘sunny-day flooding’ — along both the East Coast and the Gulf Coast in recent years. | They are trace gases that account for almost one tenth of 1% of Earth's atmosphere. | 0 | [
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Recent record-low water levels in Lake Michigan are evidence that global warming is leading to "the evaporation of our Great Lakes." | In the winter the relatively warm ocean water exerts a moderating influence, even when covered by ice. | 0 | [
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Surface measurements find more downward infrared radiation warming the planet's surface. | The water reacts by radiating, also in the infrared, both upward and downward, and the downward longwave radiation results in increased warming at the surface. | 1 | [
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U.S. Pays $1 Billion into Green Climate Fund, Top Polluters Pay Nothing | Not only does this increase the absorption of sunlight, it also increases melting and sea level rise. | 0 | [
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You're going to have an increase in the amount of ice in Antarctica because of global warming. | These isotope changes occurred due to the release of carbon from the ocean into the atmosphere that led to a temperature increase of 4-8 °C (7-14 °F) at the surface of the ocean. | 0 | [
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Higher temperatures, we’re told, will be deadly—killing “thousands to tens of thousands” of Americans | Each year, about 800,000 people die from causes attributable to urban air pollution, 1.8 million from diarrhoea resulting from lack of access to clean water supply, sanitation, and poor hygiene, 3.5 million from malnutrition and approximately 60,000 in natural disasters. | 1 | [
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While evidence that the earth’s orbital variations impact radiation levels and thus global temperatures does not of course mean that man is not in some way impacting the climate, studies like these highlight that the role man plays on the planet is dwarfed by natural phenomena utterly out of our control. | The long orbital period of Neptune results in seasons lasting forty years. | 0 | [
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In fact, the trend, while not statistically significant, is downward.” | Over 99.99% of climate scientists did not reject AGW in their peer-reviewed research. | 0 | [
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(2005), where satellite altimetry established that the mean thickness of the entire Greenland ice sheet had increased at 2 inches per year – a total of almost 2 feet – in the 11 years 1993-2003.” | Water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere provide a temperature buffer (greenhouse effect) which helps maintain a relatively steady surface temperature. | 0 | [
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A number of independent studies using near-global satellite data find positive feedback and high climate sensitivity. | Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. | 1 | [
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While summer maximums have showed little trend, the annual average Arctic temperature has risen sharply in recent decades. | The rate of Arctic cooling is roughly 0.02 °C per century. | 1 | [
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The ocean is absorbing massive amounts of CO2, and is becoming more acidic as a result. | With the production of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels, oceans are becoming more acidic since CO2 dissolves in water and forms the acidic bicarbonate ion. | 1 | [
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A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now | Attributing detected temperature changes and extreme events to human-caused increases in greenhouse gases requires scientists to rule out known internal climate variability and natural external forcings. | 0 | [
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During the recent global warming summit in Copenhagen, Nancy Pelosi and others stayed at a five-star hotel on a trip costing nearly $10,000 per person. | An article by Gerald Traufetter for Spiegel Online described the Copenhagen summit as a political disaster, and asserted that the US and China joined forces to stymie every attempt by European nations to reach agreement. | 1 | [
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If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect. | As the Earth's climate warms, we are seeing many changes: stronger, more destructive hurricanes; heavier rainfall; more disastrous flooding; more areas of the world experiencing severe drought; and more heat waves." | 0 | [
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Clouds provide negative feedback. | This effect results in a negative feedback process that can inhibit further development or lead to weakening. | 1 | [
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Dr. Gutzler said spring temperatures have an impact, too, with warmer air causing more snow to turn to vapor and essentially disappear. | Warmer air holds more water vapor. | 1 | [
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“CO2 is certainly a heat-trapping greenhouse gas, but hardly the primary one : Water vapor accounts for about 95 percent of greenhouse gases. | Being a component of Earth's hydrosphere and hydrologic cycle, it is particularly abundant in Earth's atmosphere where it is also a potent greenhouse gas along with other gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. | 1 | [
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parts of the Earth will likely become close to uninhabitable | "Islands disappear under rising seas". | 0 | [
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“[Sea ice] also helps regulate the planet’s temperature by influencing the circulation of the atmosphere and ocean. | According to the report plastic will contribute greenhouse gases in the equivalent of 850 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere in 2019. | 0 | [
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Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated. | "Potential Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure". | 0 | [
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“In 2013 the level of U.S. farm output was about 2.7 times its 1948 level, and productivity was growing at an average annual rate of 1.52%. | Private sector productivity growth, measured as real output per hour of all persons, increased at an average rate of 1.9% during Reagan's eight years, compared to an average 1.3% during the preceding eight years. | 1 | [
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The IPCC blames human emissions of carbon dioxide for the last warming. | Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. | 1 | [
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Reef material is calcium carbonate, which contains 44 per cent carbon dioxide. | Cyanobacteria can encourage the precipitation or accumulation of calcium carbonate to produce distinct sediment bodies in composition that have relief on the seafloor. | 1 | [
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whenever in the past there was an explosion of plant life, the carbon dioxide content was far higher than at present. | AAWV Position Statement on Climate Change, Wildlife Diseases, and Wildlife Health "There is widespread scientific agreement that the world's climate is changing and that the weight of evidence demonstrates that anthropogenic factors have and will continue to contribute significantly to global warming and climate change. | 0 | [
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Contemporary Global Warming placed in geological context. | The IPCC has adopted the baseline reference period 1850–1900 as an approximation of pre-industrial global mean surface temperature. | 1 | [
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The IPCC no longer includes the ‘Hockey stick’ chart in its reports. | The third assessment report ( TAR ) prominently featured a graph labeled Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction based on a 1999 paper by Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes ( MBH99 ), which has been referred to as the hockey stick graph. | 1 | [
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However, weather imposes its own dramatic ups and downs over the long term trend. | In some situations, the temperature actually increases with height. | 1 | [
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Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water. | In an interview, Trenberth said, "The planet is warming", but "the warmth just isn't being manifested at the surface." | 0 | [
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The decline in tree-ring growth is openly discussed in papers and IPCC reports. | The implications of the decline are discussed in Chapter 2 of the IPCC Third Assessment Report, and in Chapter 6 of the 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report ( AR4 ) which describes discussion of various possible reasons for the divergence which does not affect all the trees, and says that there is no consensus about the cause. | 1 | [
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If every nation agrees to limit CO2 emissions, we can achieve significant cuts on a global scale. | "The character of late-glacial and post-glacial climatic changes". | 0 | [
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The research also revealed how large areas of the polar ice caps could collapse and significant changes to ecosystems could see the Sahara Desert become green and the edges of tropical forests turn into fire-dominated savanna. | Bush encroachment refers to small changes in herbivory rates that can shift drylands from grassy dominated regimes towards woody dominated savannas. | 1 | [
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Claims have recently surfaced in the blogosphere that an increasing number of scientists are warning of an imminent global cooling, some even going so far as to call it a "growing consensus". | Surface water temperatures, which vary with latitude, current systems, and season and reflect the latitudinal distribution of solar energy, range from below −2 °C (28 °F) to over 30 °C (86 °F). | 0 | [
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So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows. | Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs, and nitrous oxide. | 0 | [
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“The oceans, which absorb more than 90% of the extra CO2 pumped into the atmosphere“ | The oceans act as an enormous carbon sink, and have taken up about a third of CO 2 emitted by human activity. | 1 | [
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If we halve the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere, all life dies. | The Quaternary period (from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present) saw the extinctions of numerous predominantly megafaunal species, which resulted in a collapse in faunal density and diversity and the extinction of key ecological strata across the globe. | 0 | [
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Earth’s mean temperature over the last 2,000 years shows two previous periods when temperatures were warmer than they are now; from 1–200 A.D., an epoch called the Roman Warm Period, and more recently the Medieval Warm Period from 900–1100 A.D. | This low precipitation allows high-latitude snowfalls to melt during the summer. | 0 | [
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alarmists here are taking overwhelmingly good news about global warming improving plant health and making it seem like this good news is actually bad news because healthier plants mean more pollen. | Under this scenario, they claimed the Sun might have contributed 50% of the observed global warming since 1900. | 0 | [
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In reality, gas produced by fracking is worse for the climate than coal. | The largest and most long term effect of coal use is the release of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that causes climate change and global warming. | 1 | [
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An independent inquiry found CRU is a small research unit with limited resources and their rigour and honesty are not in doubt. | Intellectual rigour is a subset of intellectual honesty—a practice of thought in which ones convictions are kept in proportion to valid evidence. | 1 | [
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Despite attention on global warming, fewer Americans carpool today to work than carpooled in 1980 and SUVs have never been a larger proportion of the vehicles being sold in this country. | SUVs Become the Largest and Fastest-Growing Automotive Segment in 2015. | 1 | [
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Scientists just discovered a massive, heretofore unknown, source of nitrogen | As the temperature of the atmosphere increases, the capacity to hold water increases, leading to stronger storms and higher rainfall amounts. | 0 | [
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Correspondingly, the global surface temperature has also dropped." | Hansen testified that "Global warming has reached a level such that we can ascribe with a high degree of confidence a cause and effect relationship between the greenhouse effect and observed warming...It is already happening now" and "The greenhouse effect has been detected and it is changing our climate now...We already reached the point where the greenhouse effect is important." | 0 | [
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No known natural forcing fits the fingerprints of observed warming except anthropogenic greenhouse gases. | The largest human influence has been the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. | 1 | [
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However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase. | CO2 emissions are continuing to rise due to the burning of fossil fuels and land-use change. | 1 | [
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"We found [U.S. weather] stations located next to the exhaust fans of air conditioning units, surrounded by asphalt parking lots and roads, on blistering-hot rooftops, and near sidewalks and buildings that absorb and radiate heat. | "The artificial production of carbon dioxide and its influence on temperature". | 0 | [
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“Lyme Disease is much more common in northern, cooler regions of the United States than in southern, warmer regions. | These three changes are closely interrelated, because Venus's extreme temperature is due to the high pressure of its dense atmosphere, and the greenhouse effect. | 0 | [
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I note particularly that sea-level rise is not affected by the warming; it continues at the same rate, 1.8 millimeters a year, according to a 1990 review by Andrew S. Trupin and John Wahr. | Calcium carbonate also becomes more soluble at lower pH, so ocean acidification is likely to have profound effects on marine organisms with calcareous shells, such as oysters, clams, sea urchins, and corals, because their ability to form shells will be reduced, and the carbonate compensation depth will rise closer to the sea surface. | 0 | [
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Tree-rings diverge from temperature after 1960 | Carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere at the ocean's surface at an exchange rate which varies locally but on average, the oceans have a net absorption of CO2 2.2 Pg C per year. | 0 | [
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the total area burned in the western United States over the past 33 years was double the size it would have been without any human-caused warming. | The data shows that recent warming has surpassed anything in the last 2,000 years. | 1 | [
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The iris hypothesis has not withstood the test of time - subsequent research | Wason accepted falsificationism, according to which a scientific test of a hypothesis is a serious attempt to falsify it. | 1 | [
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The carbon footprint on wind [ energy ] is significant. | Wind power and solar power, emit no carbon from the operation, but do leave a footprint during construction phase and maintenance during operation. | 1 | [
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Dr. Gutzler said spring temperatures have an impact, too, with warmer air causing more snow to turn to vapor and essentially disappear. | In a synthesis report published in Science in 2015, 22 leading marine scientists stated that CO 2 from burning fossil fuels is changing the oceans' chemistry more rapidly than at any time since the Great Dying, Earth's most severe known extinction event, emphasizing that the 2 °C maximum temperature increase agreed upon by governments reflects too small a cut in emissions to prevent "dramatic impacts" on the world's oceans, with lead author Jean-Pierre Gattuso remarking that "The ocean has been minimally considered at previous climate negotiations. | 0 | [
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Etna has already put more than 10,000 times the CO2 into the atmosphere than mankind has in our entire time on the Earth. | During a "warm", or "positive", phase, the west Pacific becomes cooler and part of the eastern ocean warms; during a "cool" or "negative" phase, the opposite pattern occurs. | 0 | [
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Cosmic ray counts have increased over the past 50 years, so if they do influence global temperatures, they are having a cooling effect. | In 2010, astronomers imaged the GRS in the far infrared (from 8.5 to 24 μm) with a spatial resolution higher than ever before and found that its central, reddest region is warmer than its surroundings by between 3–4 K. The warm airmass is located in the upper troposphere in the pressure range of 200–500 mbar. | 0 | [
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The MWP lasted from about 950 to 1250AD, and temperature records appear to show it was even hotter than today | 1250, during the European Middle Ages. | 1 | [
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The data is being reported by the University of Illinois's Arctic Climate Research Center, and is derived from satellite observations of the Northern and Southern hemisphere polar regions ( Daily Tech ). | These models typically derive snow water equivalent ( SWE ) in some manner from satellite observations of snow cover. | 1 | [
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“We indicated 23 years ago — in our 1994 Nature article — that climate models had the atmosphere’s sensitivity to CO2 much too high,” Christy said in a statement. | Documented long-term climate changes include changes in Arctic temperatures and ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity, wind patterns and extreme weather including droughts, heavy precipitation, heat waves and the intensity of tropical cyclones. | 0 | [
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This means the jet stream meanders more, with big loops bringing warm air to the frozen north and cold air into warmer southern climes.” | This jet stream instability brings warm air north as well as cold air south. | 1 | [
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ever since December temperatures in the Arctic have consistently been lower than minus 20 C | Alterations to the ocean currents, due to increased freshwater inputs from glacier melt, and the potential alterations to thermohaline circulation of the worlds oceans, may affect existing fisheries upon which humans depend as well. | 0 | [
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International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.” | This publication on renewable energy – which is now the fastest growing sector of the energy mix and accounts for almost a fifth of all electricity produced worldwide – will join annual medium-term reports on oil, gas and coal, which the IEA already produces. | 1 | [
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The amount of heat energy coming out of the Earth is too small to even be worth considering. | This last phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect : trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy emitted from the ground, thereby raising the average temperature. | 1 | [
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The result did suggest the sea level was increasing in the western Pacific, but this was offset by a drop in the level near the Alaskan coast. | In 2019, a study projected that in low emission scenario, sea level will rise 30 centimeters by 2050 and 69 centimetres by 2100, relatively to the level in 2000. | 0 | [
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Skeptics who oppose scientific findings that threaten their world view are far closer to Galileo's belief-based critics in the Catholic Church. | Several religious organizations, among them the Catholic Church, hold that their faith does not conflict with the scientific consensus regarding evolution. | 1 | [
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Famine, economic collapse, a sun that cooks us : What climate change could wreak — sooner than you think. | David Wallace-Wells, The Uninhabitable Earth : Famine, economic collapse, a sun that cooks us : What climate change could wreak — sooner than you think, New York Magazine, July 9, 2017. | 1 | [
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If there were [carbon emissions], we could not see because most carbon is black. | It is a major aspect of climate change, and has been demonstrated by the instrumental temperature record which shows global warming of around 1 °C since the pre-industrial period, although the bulk of this (0.9°C) has occurred since 1970. | 0 | [
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CO2 emissions were much smaller 100 years ago. | The sharp acceleration in CO 2 emissions since 2000 to more than a 3% increase per year ( more than 2 ppm per year ) from 1.1% per year during the 1990s is attributable to the lapse of formerly declining trends in carbon intensity of both developing and developed nations. | 1 | [
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Since then, the planet has been cooling on a millennial scale | A number of later studies have concluded that a global sea level rise of 200 to 270 cm (6.6 to 8.9 ft) this century is "physically plausible". | 0 | [
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Murry Salby finds CO2 rise is natural. | However, these models do tend to underestimate the rate of sea ice loss since 2007. | 0 | [
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“As soon as renewables were introduced into the grid, electricity prices increased and delivery became unreliable. | In this way, a microgrid can effectively integrate various sources of distributed generation, especially renewable energy sources, and can supply emergency power, changing between island and connected modes. | 1 | [
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Global warming' and 'climate change' mean different things and have both been used for decades. | For at least the last 100 years, sea level has been rising at an average rate of about 1.8 mm (0.07 in) per year. | 0 | [
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The team of climate scientists notes that in failing to predict the warming ‘hiatus’ in the beginning of the 21st century, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models overestimated temperature increases… | Research using sediment in lakes near the Okstind Glacier has shown that the summer climate in Nordland was up to 2.5 °C warmer 9,000 to 6,000 years ago, and then slowly cooled—it was 0.5 °C warmer 2,000 years before present (see Holocene climatic optimum.). | 0 | [
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"Austria is today seeing its earliest snowfall in history with 30 to 40 centimetres already predicted in the mountains. | In other words, regions which are dry at present will generally become even drier, while regions that are currently wet will generally become even wetter. | 0 | [
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Increases in atmospheric CO2 followed increases in temperature. | When CO2 levels rise in the atmosphere the temperature increases and plants grow. | 1 | [
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many scientists were surprised when other researchers subsequently found that ringed and bearded seals (the primary prey of polar bears) north of the Bering Strait especially thrived with a longer open-water season, which is particularly conducive to fishing | So again we have the right outcome — provided the carbon price equals the social cost. | 0 | [
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New Study Confirms EVs Considerably Worse For Climate Than Diesel Cars. | The lifecycle analysis of EVs shows that even when powered by the most carbon intensive electricity in Europe, they emit less greenhouse gases than a conventional diesel vehicle. | 1 | [
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Man-made greenhouse gases play only an insignificant role.” | The improved flexibility of the smart grid permits greater penetration of highly variable renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind power, even without the addition of energy storage. | 0 | [
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Unprecedented climate change has caused sea level at Sydney Harbour to rise approximately 0.0 cm over the past 140 years. | Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, wildfires, heavy rainfall with floods, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and massive extinctions of species due to shifting temperature regimes. | 0 | [
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He said : ‘We have had five warming cycles since about 900AD, each followed by a dramatic cooling cycle.’ | The Sporer Minimum has also been identified with a significant cooling period between 1460 and 1550. | 1 | [
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Excess CO2 from human emissions has a long residence time of over 100 years | The last continental glaciation ended 10,000 years ago. | 0 | [
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Early 20th century warming is due to several causes, including rising CO2. | In his announcement, Obama stated that the plan includes the first standards on carbon dioxide emissions from power plants ever proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency. | 0 | [
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"The IPCC also made false predictions on the Amazon rain forests, referenced to a non peer-reviewed paper produced by an advocacy group working with the WWF. | Extreme Weather Prompts Unprecedented Global Warming Alert. | 0 | [
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The most recent IPCC report lays out a future if we limit global heating to 1.5°C instead of the Paris Agreement’s 2°C. | Since the 1950s, droughts and heat waves have appeared simultaneously with increasing frequency. | 0 | [
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Scientists have determined that the factors which caused the Little Ice Age cooling are not currently causing global warming. | The temperature data was updated in 2006 to report that temperatures are now 0.8 °C warmer than a century ago, and concluded that the recent global warming is a real climate change and not an artifact from the urban heat island effect. | 1 | [
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Currently, sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2. | The heat needed to raise an average temperature increase of the entire world ocean by 0.01 °C would increase the atmospheric temperature by approximately 10 °C. | 1 | [
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Connie Mack is protecting Chevron oil from a multi-billion dollar lawsuit over pollution of rivers and rainforests. | Surface water pollution includes pollution of rivers, lakes and oceans. | 1 | [
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Mr. Singer is a professor emeritus of environmental science at the University of Virginia. | Singer accepted a professorship in Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia in 1971, a position he held until 1994, where he taught classes on environmental issues such as ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, population growth, and public policy issues related to oil and energy. | 1 | [
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carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate. | Because energy transport in the Sun is a process that involves photons in thermodynamic equilibrium with matter, the time scale of energy transport in the Sun is longer, on the order of 30,000,000 years. | 0 | [
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cutting speed limits could slow climate change | Melting permafrost may also accelerate climate change in the future. | 1 | [
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The long term warming trend indicates the total energy in the Earth's climate system is increasing due to an energy imbalance. | Climate forcings are changes that cause temperatures to rise or fall, disrupting the energy balance. | 1 | [
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Weather is chaotic because air is light, it has low friction and viscosity, it expands strongly when in contact with hot surfaces and it conducts heat poorly. | Liquids tend to have better thermal conductivity than gases, and the ability to flow makes a liquid suitable for removing excess heat from mechanical components. | 1 | [
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"We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is! | At the global level, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping greenhouse gases have increased sharply since the Industrial Revolution. | 0 | [
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The report […] found that the United States was one of the most pollution-free nations in the world.” | hot and dry); as a result, these communities are well suited to recover from droughts, floods, and fires. | 0 | [
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Humans are too insignificant to affect global climate. | Currently, through land development, combustion of fossil fuels, and pollution, humans are thought to be the main contributor to global climate change. | 1 | [
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Maximum warming occurs over the surface during winter while less surface warming is found in summer when heat is being used to melt sea ice. | The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report concluded, "It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century". | 0 | [
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