text
stringlengths 0
21.4k
|
|---|
The specific objectives of the IAGC are: |
The International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry (IAGC) was formally founded on 8 May 1967. Prior to that time the organization of international geochemical affairs was largely carried out through the Inorganic Chemistry section of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) starting in 1960. It was at the twenty-first International Geological Congress (IGC) at Copenhagen in 1960 when the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) was formally established and geochemists formed a close bond with the world geological community. Earl Ingerson, as Chairman or Secretary to three of the then existing international geochemical organizations, coordinated a meeting of members of the committees on geochemistry of the IGC, IUGG and IUPAC in New Delhi in 1964, but was himself unable to attend. This meeting, chaired by Ken Sugawara, drew up draft statutes and nominated temporary officers, with the result that in November 1965, Earl Ingerson called a meeting in Paris to name the association, complete the statutes, elect temporary officers and apply to IUGS for immediate affiliation. The first Council meeting was held on 8 May 1967 at UNESCO headquarters in Paris, presided over by Earl Ingerson. |
Until 2000, the Association's governing body was the General Assembly which met during each IGC. The main internal financial support was provided by National Members who voted at the General Assembly. Some outside funding also came from UNESCO and IUGS Day-to-day operations between each General Assembly were carried out by a Council of five officers and eight Council members. |
During its existence, IAGC has, through its various working groups and members, sponsored or co-sponsored more than 40 international meetings, which represent its main financial expenditure. Many of these meetings result from close cooperation with other associations affiliated with IUGS and IUGG, as well as various international, national, provincial and academic organizations. Proceedings of these meetings are usually published. In 1986 the IAGC launched its official journal, Applied Geochemistry. |
At the General Assembly of the IAGC in Rio de Janeiro, National Memberships were terminated as it was widely felt that the IAGC was sufficiently mature and financially stable that the control and support of individual countries on the IAGC, through designated representatives (who may not have been geochemists), was redundant and potentially counter-productive. Thus, the IAGC evolved into a self-supported organization whose activities were controlled by its members, through an elected Executive and Council. |
Recently, the Statutes of the IAGC have undergone important revisions to be more applicable to current plans and operations. Also, as described on the IAGC homepage, there has been a name change to reflect the applied geochemical nature of the IAGC (now the International Association of GeoChemistry). |
= = = Dark Things = = = |
Dark Things is an anthology of horror stories edited by American writer August Derleth. It was released in 1971 by Arkham House in an edition of 3,051 copies. It was Derleth's fourth anthology of previously unpublished stories released by Arkham House. A translation in Japanese has also been released. |
"Dark Things" contains the following tales: |
<br> |
= = = Robert Allinson = = = |
Robert Elliott Allinson (born 1942) is Professor of Philosophy and the former Director of Humanities at Soka University of America (SUA). He was previously a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He received his B.A. in Philosophy and Literature from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale with Great Distinction in the Honours Program. He received his M.A. in Literature from the University of Texas at Austin and his Ph.D. in Philosophy with Highest Distinction in Metaphysics and Epistemology under his doctoral advisor, Charles Hartshorne, considered 'The Leading Metaphysician of the Twentieth Century' by the Encyclopædia Britannica. |
Allinson's research interests include Metaphysics, Eastern and Western Integrative Philosophy, Epistemology, and Ethics among others. In addition to scholarship, Allinson has contributed original philosophy. |
His publications include: |
= = = Houston Automatic Spooling Priority = = = |
The Houston Automatic Spooling Priority Program, commonly known as HASP, is an extension of the IBM OS/360 operating system and its successors providing extended support for "job management, data management, task management, and remote job entry." |
OS/360 included spooling routines, called "reader/interpreters" and "output writers". Each reader/interpreter was "responsible for reading one input job stream" – that is one input device. Likewise each output writer was responsible for controlling one printer or punch. Spooled data were stored in OS "temporary datasets" controlled by standard OS services. Each reader/interpreter or output writer was a separate operating system task in its own partition or region. A system with a large number of readers, printers, and punches might have a large number of spooling tasks. |
HASP was developed by IBM Federal Systems Division contractors at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston. The developers were Tom Simpson and Bob Crabtree. HASP was a program that ran on a mainframe, and performed functions such as: scheduling, control of job flow, spooling and printing/punching. HASP had no support for "IBM System/360 Operating System Remote Job Entry", 360S-RC-536, but provided roughly equivalent facilities of its own. |
In HASP II V3, NIH created the shared spool capability for HASP that was used by many mainframe sites. It allowed each HASP system to share a common spool and checkpoint. This enabled workload balancing in a multi-mainframe environment. In HASP II V4, Don Greb and Dave Miko of Mellon Bank moved shared spool to this version and carried it forward into JES2 multi-access spool (IBM's formal support of HASP in MVS). Over 350 copies of the HASP II V4 shared spool mods were distributed around the world. The shared spool Mellon Mods were added to the SHARE distribution process so they could be more widely accessed. |
The program was sometimes referred to under various other names, but there is no indication of IBM ever using them in official documents. |
The program became classified as part of the IBM Type-III Library. It had a competitor, ASP (Attached Support Processor), which ran on one mainframe and controlled scheduling of other attached mainframes. ASP later became JES3. |
In MVS, HASP became JES2, one of two Job Entry Subsystems. It was many years before the HASP labels were removed from the JES2 source, and the messages issued by JES2 are still prefixed with "$HASP". |
A modified version of HASP was used to provide batch spooling and remote job entry services for the Michigan Terminal System during the late 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. |
HASP bypassed most operating system services with code specially tailored for efficiency. HASP operated as a single operating system task and used cooperative multitasking internally to run "processors" to perform tasks such as running card readers, printers, and punches, managing the spool files, communicating with the system operator, and driving multiple communication lines for remote job entry. |
Hasp was written entirely in System/360 assembler and a "typical" HASP system might require 86KB of memory, which could be virtual memory on OS/VS systems. |
Much of what would become JES2's JECL was a part of HASP. |
HASP supported IBM terminals such as 2770, 2780, and 3780, but additionally provided support for "multi-leaving" communication with intelligent workstations such as the IBM 1130 and the System/360 Model 20. Multi-leaving is "fully synchronous, pseudo-simultaneous, bi-directional transmission of a variable number of data streams between two or more computers utilizing binary-synchronous communications facilities." |
Third party vendors developed a variety of 2770/2780/3780 simulators and Multi-leaving implementations for use with HASP and ASP. Some of these vendors incorrectly referred to their products as HASP emulators, but the products were actually terminals that talked to HASP; they did not perform any of the functions of HASP. |
The RJE console operator could enter a restricted set of HASP Console Operator Commands. These HASP commands were the precursor of JES2's Job Entry Control Language(JES2 JECL). |
Operands were restricted to those from this remote site, hence DJ1-999 (below) would only display typically a few, those still outstanding from the operator's remote site. |
Some of the HASP RJE Console commands, which could be entered in short (single letter) form, or spelled out, are: |
A command line "C rm1.rdr" was meant to cancel rather than submit the current deck of cards being read. This might have been of use if a card jam made it more sensible to let other jobs go ahead while one or more cards were replaced at a nearby keypunch. |
HASP job log output provided a summary of the resources used for the job (output appeared in all caps): |
= = = Tanzio da Varallo = = = |
Antonio d'Enrico, called Tanzio da Varallo, or simply il Tanzio (c. 1575/1580 – c. 1632/1633) was an Italian painter of the late-Mannerist or early Baroque period. |
He was born in Riale d’Alagna, and was active mainly in Lombardy and Piedmont, including the Sacro Monte at Varallo Sesia, where he worked contemporaneously with Pier Francesco Mazzucchelli (il Morazzone). He painted a "Circumcision" for "Fara San Martino", and a "Virgin with saints" for the Collegiate at Pescocostanzo. Some of his paintings acquire the influence of Tenebrist styles and morbid thematic characteristic of the followers of Caravaggio and also of many Lombard painters, including his somewhat gruesome "David with Goliath" (1620). His animated and crowded "Battle of Sennacherib" (1627–28) for the Basilica of San Gaudenzio reflects the influence of his work in the Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy, painting scenographic diorama scenes. |
His brother Melchiorre was also a painter, studied in Milan, and painted a last judgement for the parish of Riva. |
= = = Nicogel = = = |
Nicogel is a "tobacco gel", applied to skin as a substitute for cigarette use. Nicogel is a tobacco product, and is not a smoking cessation product. |
The product was shelled out in the early 2000s, set to make “millions of dollars” in the US due to its success in other countries, but the product has seemed to cease to exist. Next to none of the references and external that were originally added to this Wikipedia page are even articles that still exist — likely deleted due to being from the early 2000s. |
Nicogel claims to be a cigarette alternative and designed so tobacco users can continue using "tobacco" in a discreet form. Nicogel is sold as 50ml dispensers (containing "50 cigarette-equivalents") and as boxes of individually wrapped, single-use packets (containing either 10 or 120 cigarette-equivalents). Nicogel is "a water soluble gel containing liquefied tobacco." |
Because many public places have placed bans on smoking, Nicogel touts itself as a more convenient tobacco product. |
Nicogel claims that the product has 1/10 the nicotine of a cigarette. However, independent testing shows much less than 100 mcg per 1 ml. With so little nicotine, whether the product actually works is unclear. American Cancer Society's director, Thomas J. Glynn, Ph.D., warns that "no independent research has been conducted to validate whether it's effective and safe," and that there is "no indication of [the] toxicity or level of nicotine it delivers." |
Nicogel has not been proven to be dermatologically tested, so there is no public data on whether the product is safe for use on normal skin. Nicogel may irritate sensitive skin and cause rashes, allergies, or red and swollen skin. The makers advise pregnant or breast-feeding women to avoid Nicogel, and assert that drinking alcohol in moderation is safe while using Nicogel. |
Nicogel contains on average only .015 mg to max. 0.03 mg of nicotine per serving of approx. 1ml. According to the manufacturer, Nicogel does not contain (N)-Nitrosamines.. However, that has not been substantiated and no documents are available. |
= = = Siatum = = = |
Siatum was an ancient Egyptian prince of the 18th dynasty. He was likely one of the sons of Pharaoh Thutmose IV and thus the brother or half-brother of Amenhotep III. |
His existence is known from two sources: one is a mummy-label found on the mummy of his daughter Nebetia, where he is mentioned as her father; the other is a Saqqaran relief of his tutor, Meryre, where a person named Siatum is depicted sitting on Meryre's knee. There is no direct evidence linking the two persons – Nebetia's father and Meryre's pupil – together, but the style of the relief dates it to Amenhotep's reign, so Meryre must have been tutor either during Amenhotep's or his predecessor's reign, and Siatum's name corresponds to part of Thutmose's Horus name. |
= = = Dawn of Iron Blades = = = |
Dawn of Iron Blades is a full-length album by the Polish black metal band Graveland. "Dawn of Iron Blades" was also released as A5-digibook (limited to 1500) and gatefold 2xLP. Some of the lyrics were written by Garhard III from Austrian pagan metal band Woodtemple. |
= = = Oberer Hauenstein Pass = = = |
Oberer Hauenstein Pass (el. 731 m.) is a mountain pass in the Jura Mountains on the border between the cantons of Basel-Country and Solothurn in Switzerland. |
It connects Balsthal and Waldenburg. |
= = = National Hispanic Recognition Program = = = |
National Hispanic Recognition Program (NHRP) was initiated in 1983, by the College Board, to identify outstanding Hispanic high school students and to share information about these academically well-prepared students with subscribing colleges and universities. |
In order to be eligible, students must be at least one-quarter Hispanic. Each year the NHRP identifies approximately 7,000 of the highest-scoring students from a nationwide total of 250,000 high school juniors who took the PSAT/NMSQT and designated themselves as Hispanic, as well as approximately 200 of the top scoring PAA students from Puerto Rico. The nationwide selection also includes students from Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and U.S. citizens attending international and APO schools. |
Although the College Board is not able to provide a monetary award to these students, an important component of the program is the CD-ROM distributed to subscribing four-year postsecondary institutions. This CD-ROM lists the names of all students selected in the program and is mailed in September to these subscribing colleges and universities. Being listed as a National Hispanic Scholar may give students an opportunity to hear from colleges that are particularly interested in communicating with prospective students of Hispanic heritage. |
Qualification for recognition is based on the student's combined verbal, math, and writing skill scores on the PSAT/NMSQT taken in the student's junior year of high school. PSAT score cut-offs vary each year by state, but typically range in the high 180s and low 190s. Students must also self-identify as Hispanic on the PSAT/NMSQT. A minimum grade point average is established for the program and this academic information is requested directly from the high schools. |
To qualify for this program, you must be at least one-quarter Hispanic/Latino. Hispanic/Latino is an ethnic category, not a racial category, and you may be of any race. For purposes of the NHRP, you must be from a family whose ancestors came from at least one of these countries: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Spain, Uruguay, or Venezuela. |
= = = NHL Official Guide & Record Book = = = |
The NHL Official Guide & Record Book was the complete statistical record of the National Hockey League, published annually by the league until the league ended its production after the publication of the book following the 2017-18 season. An augmented and dynamic version of the information contained in the book can now be found at records.nhl.com. The book contained detailed year-by-year data on 2,000 active players, all-time records, club rosters, NHL Entry Draft information, along with player and goaltender data panels and photos. It was long been considered "the bible of (ice) hockey” and was the book the NHL issued to reporters, broadcasters, scouts and general managers. It was a large-format paperback book and was in print from 1932 through the 2017-18 season.. |
The first editions were edited by Hockey Hall of Fame Honoured Member James C. Hendy. League publicist Ken McKenzie took over editing beginning in 1947. He would later become the founding editor-publisher of The Hockey News. Statisticians Ron Andrews and Carol Randall managed the book during the NHL's expansion eras of the 1960s, 1970s and into the 1980s. Benny Ercolani had been the Head Statistician from the 1980s to the last edition in 2017-18. |
By the mid-1980s, the old digest-sized format of the "NHL Guide" could no longer accommodate the increased number of league players and clubs. Early in 1984, Dan Diamond, a Toronto-based editor and publisher, proposed a redesign and reorganization of the "NHL Guide", converting it to a magazine-sized format and incorporating photographs for the first time since the Hendy editions. The NHL accepted Diamond's proposal and the redesigned format made its first appearance in the fall of 1984 in a 352-page edition. Twenty-five years later, the book had grown to 656 pages and included a mug-shot photo of every active NHL player. |
Traditionally, the Guide's cover had been printed every year in the colors of the reigning Stanley Cup champions. |
Source: Triumph Books representative in phone conversation conducted on October 11, 2018. |
= = = Europe Today (radio programme) = = = |
Europe Today was a daily radio news show on the BBC World Service about public affairs throughout Europe, broadcast at 17:00 GMT every weekday. The first presenters, in 1991, were Andreas Gebauer and Ruth Hogarth. Other presenters were Teresa Guerreiro, Liliane Landor and James Coomarasamy. The programme was presented by Audrey Carville from 2004 - 2009. The last programme was presented by Paul Henley on 25 March 2011. Originally a 30-minute programme broadcast four times a day to Europe (three morning programmes and one in the evening), it gradually morphed into a one-hour programme broadcast in the evening, broadcast worldwide and with a wider, global focus. The "Irish Times" described the programme as "an informative and entertaining look at the day’s events on the continent" In 2008, William Horsely called it "perhaps [the] best daily radio programme on European affairs." |
= = = Filippo Napoletano = = = |
Filippo Napoletano, whose real name was Filippo Teodoro di Liagno (or Teodoro Filippo de Liagno) (c. 1587-89 – November 1629) was an Italian artist, with a varied output, mainly landscape and genre scenes and also drawings or etchings of diverse, often particular, items such as exotic soldiers, skeletons of animals, or cityscapes. |
Born in Rome, he moved as a child with his family to Naples, where he began his career (1600–1613). He moved to Rome around 1614. He was influenced by successful Flemish landscape painters in Italy such as Paul Bril, Gottfried Wals, and Adam Elsheimer. He became one of the artistic protégés of Cardinal Del Monte. |
In 1617 Cosimo II de’ Medici summoned him to Florence, where he worked closely with Jacques Callot. He held the post of court painter to the Medici family and was highly esteemed for his original works with their wealth of dramatic, nocturnal scenes. From notebooks, Filippo is known to have made hundreds of sketches of Tuscan landscapes and towns. After his return to Rome in 1621, he combined easel painting with fresco decorations featuring views of the countryside in the region of Lazio with ancient Roman ruins. Napoletano's eclectic output recalls the nature focus of the Tuscan contemporary Jacopo Ligozzi. |
Starting in 1620 he reproduced in etchings part of his collection of animal skeletons owned by Johann Faber, a Bavarian physician-naturalist residing in Rome and a member of the scientific Accademia dei Lincei. In 1622, Napoletano published twelve etchings of caprices ("capricci") and military uniforms (which he signed as signed "Teodor Filippo de Liagno"). |
He is described by Giovanni Baglione as possessing a collection, a "wunderkammer" of "bellissime bizzarrie" ("beautiful bizarre objects"), including among the objects exotic weaponry; fossilized plants; tiger, lion, and turtle skulls; oriental porcelain and sculpted crockery; a vest made of human skin; a harness for dragging whales on ice; a three-legged flea, Persian uniforms, and antiquities such as Roman coins, bronze lamps, and a few statuettes. After Napoletano’s death at Rome in 1628, bidding for such material was made by collectors such as Cardinal Ippolito Aldobrandini (future Clement VIII) and Cassiano dal Pozzo. |
= = = Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council = = = |