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Most Filipino Dentists must earn a total of 6 years of dental school (2 years preparatory; 4 years proper) to obtain the degree Doctor of Dental Medicine (D.M.D.). Presently, the country has a total of 25 dental schools, in which the board licensing is administered and regulated by the Board of Dentistry of the Professional Regulation Commission. License renewal is done every three years and necessitates the accumulation of 60 continuing professional development (CPD) units. |
NFZ (National Health Fund) in Poland provides 100% cover only for basic dental health services. |
All the dental schools are undergraduate entry in Portugal. After graduating from high school, students are required to take a 5-year dental program to complete their DDS/DMD degree. There are 7 dental schools with 3 being public. |
In Slovakia, dentists complete 6 years of undergraduate study to earn a MDDr. (lat. Medicinae Dentalis Doctor) degree. A MDDr. graduate can perform the therapeutic interventions in area of restorative dentistry, prosthodontics and endodontics. For performing orthodontics and dentoalveolar surgery the post graduate course is required in length of 2 years. For oral and maxillofacial surgery the length of 4 yeats of post graduate course is recuired. Also the absolvent of general medicine (titled as MUDr.) can run course for oral and maxillofacial surgery, but the atestation course takes 5 years. Dental education is offered at two universities: Comenius University in Bratislava and University of Pavol Jozef Safarik in Košice. Junior graduates work under a skilled doctor for at least 3 years to receive their license from The Slovak Chamber of Dentists. Part of dental service is paid from health insurance but mostly treatment (fillings, prosthodontics) is paid cash by patient. |
The 5-year dental education is offered at four universities: |
Most dentists in Sweden are organized through "Tandläkarförbundet" which also issues the scientific 'Swedish Dental Journal'. |
Dental care is provided at public and private dental offices. Dental services are free for everyone up to 20 years of age. From the age of 20 and upwards there is a fixed state refund which usually is, depending on the dentist's fee and what type of dentistry performed, around 10% - 15% of the total cost. For more expensive dental work above the age of 65 the patients only pay 7800 SEK (~ $1,000) plus the cost of the dental material that was used. |
The English title given to dental graduates in Sweden is D.D.S (University Degree in Dental Surgery) until 2013. Due to the implementation of Bologna the dental high schools changed the title D.D.S to "Degree of Master of Science in Dental Surgery" and also awarding a purely academic title of "Master of Science (120 credits) in Dental Science. |
All dentists in the European Union/EES are eligible to work in Sweden. Dentists with an exam outside EES are required to take a one-year course at Karolinska in Stockholm. |
From April 15, 2016 fluent Swedish language is required also for Dentists with exam from EES. |
All the dental schools are undergraduate entry in Taiwan. After graduating from high school, students are required to take a 6-year dental program to complete their DDS/DMD degree. Dental school admissions are competitive in Taiwan. Only students obtain top 3% of academic results in the Taiwan Joint College Entrance Exam for admission in Taiwan will be admitted. The tuition for dental schools are around TWD 70,000-75,000 (~USD 2,200-2,400) per semester. Students are also required to pay additional fees for tools and other materials most of time. Students should complete 5 years of medical basic and dental professional courses at their own universities, followed by a year of internships before graduation. During summer vacation, clerkship is recommended for students to acquire experience for the future. The first dental school in Taiwan belonged to the School of Dentistry at National Taiwan University which was founded in 1953. Dental schools in Taiwan include: |
The Thai Dental Council, established in 1994, is the premier governing body of dental practice, and now on formulating uniform competency requirements for dental practitioners, thus directly influencing the teaching programs at the dental schools. The Ministry of Public Health plays an important role in dental manpower planning for the dental public health services. The Thai Dental Council, the Ministry of Public Health and the Consortium of the Dental Schools work together to promote scientifically based dental education. In addition, the Thai government is placing more importance on the dental public health of its citizens. |
In 2007 the number of Thai Dentists in the workforce was 7175,2093,1400 and 76 for dentists, dental nurses, chairside assistants, and laboratory technicians. In 2009, the number of dentists in public sector was 3,892 and in private practice 4,551. There were 849 and 218 dentists in the university and military. |
In the United Kingdom, dentists complete 5 years of undergraduate study to earn a B.D.S. or BChD degree. After graduating most dentists will enter a V.T. (vocational training) scheme, of either 1 or 2 years length, to receive their full National Health Service registration. Dentists must register with the G.D.C. (General Dental Council), and meet their requirements as the governing body of the profession, before being allowed to practice. The Dentists Act 1957 defines dentistry with the intention of confining the practice of dentistry to those on the Dental Register. It provided the following definition: "For the purposes of this Act, the practice of dentistry shall be deemed to include the performance of any such operation and the giving of any such treatment, advice or attendance as is usually performed or given by dentists." |
There are sixteen dental schools in the UK, five of which are graduate entry programmes, only admitting applicants with at least an upper 2.1 in a classified undergraduate degree with a significant component of biomedical sciences. Thus the competition for places is fierce (approximately 1 successful candidate admitted in every 26 applicants in 2013). Because of the low numbers of dental schools, funding for building and service developments in the schools can be very high. Well known UK universities providing dental courses are the Universities of Leeds, Liverpool, Glasgow, Cardiff, Queen's Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Dundee, Manchester, Plymouth, Sheffield, Queen Mary, London and King's College London. As of 2013, the only UK universities offering a 4-year graduate-entry BDS programme are Liverpool, King's College London, BLSMD, UCLan and Aberdeen. |
Dentists may undertake work under the National Health Service or privately. The may opt for either of these alternatives, or both. |
In the United States dentistry is generally practiced by dentists who have completed a post-graduate course of professional education. This has resulted in a high quality of care. With only a few exceptions, neither government-sponsored health care programs such as Medicare nor Medicaid cover routine dental treatment. |
There are limited opportunities for dental education in the United States with only 4,440 graduating in 2003, down from 5,750 in 1982. There is little or no movement on the part of the American Dental Association, the ADA, or the states to expand dental education. Due to the hands-on training required, dental education is expensive and is not subsidized by the federal government. The average dental student graduates with over $400,000 in debt. |
In the United States, dentists earn either a D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery) or D.M.D. (Doctor of Dental Medicine) degree. There is no difference in the training for either degree. The degrees are equivalent, and recognized equally by all state boards of dentistry. There are 56 accredited dental schools in the United States requiring 4 years of post graduate study (except for one unique 3-year program at the University of the Pacific). Most applicants to dental school have attained at least a B.S. or B.A. degree, but a small percentage are admitted after only fulfilling specific prerequisite courses. So unlike many other countries (other than US, Canada, and Australia), it usually takes more than 8 years to become a dentist. The difference relates to the history involved in the division of medicine and surgery in medical practice. |
Licensure is organized on three levels in most areas. Many dentists must pass National Boards, Regional Boards, and then take a jurisprudence exam accepted by their state to fulfill their requirements to get a state license. Not all states require or even accept regional boards. Although a state license is only valid in the issuing state, because of the regional boards a dentist may be able to apply for licensure in any other state within the jurisdiction of their regional board. There are many cooperative agreements between states that allow recognition of another state's license so as to procure a license either via "licensure by credentials" or "licensure by reciprocity." Although a national licensure exam has yet to be made, the American Dental Association (ADA) has worked with education and examining groups to form such an exam. |
A dentist may go on for further training in a dental specialty which requires an additional 1 to 7 years of post-doctoral training. There are 9 recognized dental specialties. These include Endodontics (root canal treatment), Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Pediatric Dentistry, Periodontics (gums), Prosthodontics (complicated dental reconstruction), Orthodontics (moving teeth), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (surgery of the mouth and face), and Dental Public Health. There is no specialty in esthetic dentistry or implantology, and no additional training is required for a dentist to make the claim of being an esthetic or cosmetic dentist. Dentists are forbidden to claim that they are specialists in areas of practice in which there is no recognized specialty. They may limit their practices to a single area of dentistry, and claim that their practice is limited to that area. |
Any general dentist may perform those procedures designated within the enumerated specialties if they deem themselves competent. Many general dentists train in certain aspects of the above specialties such as the placement and restoration of dental implants, advanced prosthodontics and endodontics, and have limited or heavily focused their practices to these areas. When a general dentist performs any procedure that falls within the realm of a specialty, they are expected to perform with the same level of expertise as a certified specialist and are legally held to such standards with respect to any issues of malpractice. |
= = = Dave Swartzbaugh = = = |
David Theodore Swartzbaugh (born February 11, 1968 in Middletown, Ohio) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played from 1995 to 1997 for the Chicago Cubs. |
Swartzbaugh attended Middletown High School and Miami University of Ohio. In 1988, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Chatham A's of the Cape Cod Baseball League. The , 195 pound right-hander was originally drafted by the Cubs in the 9th round (224th overall) of the 1989 draft. He was used both as a starter and reliever in the minors, and saw success in both roles. For example, in 1991 with the Winston-Salem Spirits (now the Warthogs), he went 10–4 with a 1.83 ERA as a starter. As a reliever in 1995 with the Iowa Cubs, he went 3–0 with a 1.53 ERA in 30 relief appearances. |
He made his big league debut on September 3, 1995 at the age of 27 against the Atlanta Braves. He was perfect in the 2/3 of an inning that made up his debut. He did well in his first year in the Majors, no matter how short it was-in seven relief appearances, he did not give up a single earned run and struck out five in 7 1/3 innings. |
Alas, that success did not carry over. The Cubs tried using him as a starter in 1996, and that experiment failed—in 6 games (5 started), he posted a 6.38 ERA in 24 innings of work. He only struck out 13 while walking 14. They tried using him as a starter again in 1997, but that failed too. He went 0–1 in 8 innings of work, which totaled two games started. After his final major league game on April 22, 1997, Swartzbaugh stuck around in the minors until 1999. |
Overall, Swartzbaugh went 0–3 in 39+ innings of work with a 5.72 career ERA. He struck out 22 and walked 24. He was 0 for 10 at the plate. |
, or Retrosheet, or The Baseball Gauge, or Venezuela Winter League |
= = = List of mosques in Pakistan = = = |
Being an Islamic country, Pakistan is home to thousands of mosques. Some of the mosques are quite famous because of their size, beauty, architecture and history. The following is a list of mosques in Pakistan. |
= = = Archdale station = = = |
Archdale is a light rail station for the LYNX Blue Line in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. The station, which features an elevated island platform that sit between the two tracks, is located along Old Pinville Road at Archdale Drive. The station serves the Montclaire neighborhood and connects to nearby Archdale Park. |
The Archdale viaduct was installed in the period between April 5 through May 5, 2006. The station officially opened for service on Saturday, November 24, 2007, and as part of its opening celebration fares were not collected. Regular service with fare collection commenced on Monday, November 26, 2007. |
As part of the CATS Art in Transit program, Archdale features several pieces intended to provide a better overall aesthetic for the station. The works include a planter bench by Alice Adams, drinking fountain basins designed to look like dogwoods, the North Carolina state flower, by Nancy Blum, gingham motifs on both the pavers and shelters by Leticia Huerta, the painting of the bridge and retaining walls by Marek Ranis and the "Tower of Light" abstract display of acrylic reflectors on the elevator tower by Richard C. Elliot. |
= = = Feller from Fortune = = = |
Feller from Fortune (Roud 4427) is a Newfoundland folk song. Fortune is a town in Newfoundland. It was collected by Margaret Sargant and Kenneth Peacock in Newfoundland in 1950/1 and first appeared in print in the mid-1950s. The earliest well-known recording is from 1961 by Alan Mills & Jean Carignan (from their album Songs, Fiddle Tunes and a Folk-Tale from Canada). More recently, it has been recorded by the Blackthorn Ceilidh Band, Dick Nolan and Great Big Sea. |
"These are the complete lyrics as founds in most folk music anthologies and as sung by Alan Mills.<br> |
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"More recent performances tend to leave out one or more verses and focus more on instrumentals. In particular, the verse which speaks of "Drinkin' rum and wine and cassis" is usually omitted - this may be related to the song's frequent inclusion in albums for children. |
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Oh, there's lots of fish in Bonavist' harbour, |
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Lots of fish right in around here' |
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Boys and girls are fishin' together' |
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Forty-five from Carbonear. |
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"Chorus: |
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Oh, catch-a-hold this one, catch-a-hold that one |
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Swing around this one, swing around she; |
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Dance around this one, dance around that one |
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Diddle-dum this one, diddle-dum dee." |
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Oh, Sally is the pride of Cat Harbour, |
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Ain't been swung since last year, |
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Drinkin' rum and wine and cassis |
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What the boys brought home from St Pierre. |
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Oh, Sally goes to church every Sunday |
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Not for to sing nor for to hear, |
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But to see the feller from Fortune |
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What was down here fishin' the year . |
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Oh, Sally's got a bouncin' new baby, |
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Father said that he didn't care, |
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'Cause she got that from the feller from Fortune |
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What was down here fishin' the year. |
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Oh, Uncle George got up in the mornin', |
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He got up in an 'ell of a tear |
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