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18. The computer-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein (i) the translation request includes (i) language preference settings for the first user or (ii) receipt of the translation request causes the server to obtain the language preference settings or the preferred language, and wherein the language preference settings are indicative of the preferred language of the first user.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors of a first computing device, cause the first computing device to perform operations comprising: joining a video conference with a set of second computing devices associated with a set of second users, respectively; after joining the video conference, generating a translation request representing a request to translate at least a portion of audio during the video conference to a preferred language of a first user associated with the first computing device; outputting the translation request, wherein the output of the translation request causes a connection request to be transmitted to a virtual participant computing device, and wherein the receipt of the connection request causes the virtual participant computing device to join the video conference; and receiving and outputting translated audio representing a translation of the portion of the audio during the video conference from a source language to the preferred language of the first user, the translated audio having been generated by the virtual participant computing device.

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14. The GUI evaluation method according to claim 12 , wherein in the input/output component layout determining processing, layout evaluation processing for comparing positions of placing same-level groups included in a large group to evaluate the appropriateness of the layout between elements is performed.

12. The GUI evaluation method according to claim 8 , wherein upon evaluating the layout of elements, a large group specifying processing for specifying a large group, the large group specification being based on a set of i) a medium group and ii) another medium group close to the medium group is included, and a variation in arrangement of a small group or an input/output component close to the text display in a medium group included in a large group is determined in the input/output component layout determining processing to perform alignment evaluation processing for evaluating appropriateness of alignment of input/output components.

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1. A computer-implemented method for generating an ontology, the method comprising: receiving, at a processing system, input information in a first format; annotating, at the processing system, the input information to generate annotated input information, wherein; the annotating comprises adding a first set of annotations and a second set of annotations to the input information; the first set of annotations is comprised of relationships between a plurality of entities present in the input information; and the second set of annotations is comprised of annotations that can be used to generate a set of explicit business rules for the purposes of a specific organization, wherein; the input information comprises an XSD file and an XML file; annotating the input information comprises generating an annotated XSD file and an annotated XML file; and wherein generating the ontology comprises: converting the annotated XSD file to an OWL schema file; and converting the annotated XML file to an OWL instance file based upon the OWL schema file; and generating, at the processing system, based upon the annotated input information, an ontology encoded in a second format, wherein the second format is different from the first format.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the generating comprises: generating an intermediate ontology in the second format, the intermediate ontology annotated using the second set of annotations; and removing the second set of annotations from the intermediate ontology.

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7. The computer program product of claim 5 , wherein the well-defined document is a message and the computer program is a message broker.

5. A computer program product for error handling during document processing, the computer program product comprising: a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith, wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the computer readable program code comprising: computer readable program code for executing a document processing program in memory by a processor of a computer; computer readable program code for receiving a well-defined document as input to the document processing computer program, the document comprising a multiplicity of different fields; computer readable program code for parsing the well-defined document and validating the well-defined document as conforming with a defined plan for the well-defined document; and, computer readable program code for, on condition that an error is detected during the parsing and the validating, further determining if enough of the well-defined document conforms to the defined plan in so far as the programmatic input needs of the document processing computer program require successful parsing and validation of only a subset of the fields, and on condition that enough of the well-defined document conforms to the defined plan in that ones of the fields required as programmatic input for the document processing computer program are determined to be successfully parsed and validated in the document and ones of the fields of the document determined not to be successfully parsed and validated also are determined not to be required as programmatic input for the document processing computer program, processing the well-defined document in the document processing computer program notwithstanding the detected error, but otherwise terminating use of the well-defined document in the document processing computer program.

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20. The computer implemented method of claim 15 , further comprising selecting a value from the manipulated second test scenario template, determining that the selected value does not appear in runs of test scenarios that follow at least two divergent routes in the database that are essentially the same as the second template route, and removing the selected value from the manipulated second test scenario template.

15. A computer implemented method comprising: identifying runs of test scenarios run by users belonging to different organizations on software systems associated with the different organizations; receiving a certain run of a test scenario; wherein the certain run is instantiated from a first test scenario template and the first test scenario template defines a first template route that instantiations of the first test scenario template are supposed to follow; identifying that the certain run follows a certain divergent route that diverges from the first template route in at least one of the following ways: the certain divergent route diverges from the first template route and later on converges back to the first template route, the certain divergent route diverges from the first template route and does not converge back to the first template route, and the certain divergent route merges with the first template route, storing the certain divergent route in a database; receiving a second template route belonging to a second test scenario template; wherein the second test scenario template is associated with an organization that does not belong to the different organizations; wherein each organization of the different organizations has a different composition of shareholders; counting number of divergent routes in the database that are essentially the same as the second template route; and if the number reaches a predetermined threshold greater than one, manipulating the second test scenario template according to the divergent routes in the database that are similar to the second template route.

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6. A computer-implemented method of processing search queries, comprising: under control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions, obtaining, using at least one computing device, behavioral information associated with a plurality of previously-submitted queries, the behavioral information associated with each previously-submitted query indicative of one or more actions taken by one or more of the corresponding searchers in connection with the previously-submitted query; identifying, based at least in part on the obtained behavioral information, a set of query pairs, each query pair including a first previously-submitted query composed of a first separated element and a second separated element and a second previously-submitted query composed of a single element that is a combination of the first separated element and the second separated element; providing, using the at least one processor, the set of query pairs to a segmentation data store for use in processing subsequently received search queries, the segmentation data store including a plurality of query pairs each including a first member comprising a set of separated elements and a second member comprising a single element composed of a connected combination of at least a subset of the set of separated elements of the first member; upon receiving a search query, comparing the search query against the plurality of query pairs in the segmentation data store; upon identifying a corresponding query pair for the search query in the segmentation data store, substituting the search query with the corresponding query pair; and processing the search query using the corresponding query pair.

12. The computer-implemented method of claim 6 , wherein identifying the set of query pairs includes, for each query pair of at least a subset of the set of query pairs: identifying a first set of items associated with a corresponding set of separated query elements; identifying a second set of items associated with a corresponding combination of query elements; and determining that the first set of items and second set of items are sufficiently similar.

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1. A method of generating a text sentence in a target language different in a source language, based on one or more words in the source language input as keywords, the method comprising: an input step in which one or more keywords in the source language are input via an input means without inputting a full text sentence in the source language, the one or more keywords being a segment of the full text sentence in the source language; a sentence pair extraction step in which a sentence pair extraction means extracts one or more sentence pairs each including more than one of the keywords from a parallel corpus database including partial correspondence information indicating correspondence between a word/phrase in the source language and a word/phrase in the target language in each sentence pair; a keyword-related phrase storage step in which a target-language keyword-related phrase corresponding to each source-language keyword-related phrase is detected from the partial correspondence information of each sentence pair and stored as a pair of keyword-related phrases in the source language and in the target language in the form of a keyword-related phrase table in a storage means; a text sentence candidate generation step in which a text candidate generation means performs dependency relationships of each keyword-related phrase in the source language and in the target language of the pair of keyword-related phrases assumes dependency relationships among keyword-related phrases in the target language described in the keyword-related phrase table and generates one or more target-language text sentence candidates by using a target language keyword-related phrase generation model and a language model by assuming dependency relationships of two or more pairs of keyword-related phrases; and an output step in which at least one text sentence candidate is output from an output means corresponding to the full text sentence in the source language.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each time one keyword is input in the input step, the sentence pair extraction step and the keyword-related phrase storage step are performed, the method further comprising: a co-occurrence word extraction step in which one or more co-occurrence words which co-occur with the keyword in the sentence pair are extracted and the extracted one or more co-occurrence words are described in a co-occurrence word table; and a co-occurrence word presentation step in which the one or more co-occurrence words are presented to a user such that the user can select one or more co-occurrence word from the co-occurrence words described in the co-occurrence word table, wherein if one or more co-occurrence words are selected by the user, the selected one or more co-occurrence words are input as new keywords in the input step, and the text sentence candidate generation step is performed after completion of inputting all keywords, wherein in the text sentence candidate generation step, the text candidate generation means assumes dependency relationships among keyword-related phrases in the target language described in the keyword-related phrase table and generates one or more target-language text sentence candidates; and a source-language text candidate generation means assumes dependency relationships among keyword-related phrases in the source language described in the keyword-related phrase table and generates one or more source-language text sentence candidate, in the output step, at least one set of text sentences in the source and target languages is output from the output means.

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7. The method of claim 6 in which the information includes at least one of: a statistical report card, a link to a statistical report chart, a lift chart, a link to the lift chart, a response comparison chart for each decile for each predictor variable in the possible model or the final model, or a link to the response comparison chart.

9. The method of claim 7 in which invocation of the link to the lift chart causes display of a non-cumulative lift chart.

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1. A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving a request for information associated with one or more available operating system interfaces; obtaining the information associated with the one or more available operating system interfaces, the operating system interfaces being described using an abstract type system, wherein the abstract type system is configured to enable interface descriptions that are independent from specific programming languages, and wherein at least one description of an operating system interface includes calling parameter type descriptions; programmatically determining one or more abstract types associated with the one or more available operating system interfaces using at least one binary contract, wherein determining the one or more abstract types comprises determining behavior associated with the one or more abstract types, wherein the binary contract is configured to include machine-level definitions; and mapping individual determined abstract types to individual respective types associated with at least one specific programming language.

5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the binary contract includes one or more function signatures.

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1. A speech processing apparatus comprising: a recognition feature information extracting unit which extracts recognition feature information having a characteristic of recognition result data obtained by performing a speech recognition process on an inputted speech, from said recognition result data, said recognition feature information being speech recognition result data for learning which includes plural recognition hypotheses; a language feature information extracting unit which extracts language feature information having a characteristic of a pre-registered language resource from said pre-registered language resource, said pre-registered language resource including document data, sentences, text data, word sequences, or dictionaries, the extracted language feature information including linguistic characteristics included in an existing word sequence, or importance of similarity of a document; and a verification model obtaining unit which obtains a verification model by a learning process based on the extracted recognition feature information and language feature information, the obtained verification model being used to verify a speech recognition result data which is inputted as a verification target to a speech recognition system, wherein said verification model obtaining unit obtains a discriminative model as said verification model, said discriminative model being indicative of a correct and false label or degree of importance according to use.

11. The speech processing apparatus as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said language feature information extracting unit obtains characteristics including importance or similarity of a document based on a use history including a user's reference frequency or reference history with respect to a group of the document, said verification model obtaining unit uses the obtained characteristics for learning as said language feature information.

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14. The system of claim 12 , wherein the predefined word type comprises an information-bearing word type.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the information-bearing word type comprises one of verbs, nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.

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12. The medium of claim 10 , wherein: determining that said XML schema defines a cyclic construct includes detecting that an ascendant element and a descendant element that descends from the ascendant element are involved in said cyclic construct; the database representation includes an out-of-line table for storing said ascendant element; and generating a mapping includes generating a mapping that maps said ascendant element to said out-of-line table.

13. The medium of claim 12 , wherein registering a XML schema includes adding within said XML schema an annotation that describes said out-of-line table.

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45. The article of claim 44 , wherein said machine-readable instructions are further executable by said computing platform to determine whether said first quantity is greater than said second quantity based, at least in part, on said first and second binary strings.

46. The article of claim 45 , wherein said machine-readable instructions are further executable by said computing platform to determine whether said first quantity is equal to said second quantity based, at least in part, on said first and second binary strings.

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9. The one or more physical storage devices of claim 8 , wherein determining that a given context entry in the context store is for use by the given protocol comprises referencing a metadata element for the given context entry, the metadata element specifying that the given context entry is for use with the protocol implemented by the given protocol component.

8. The one or more physical storage devices of claim 7 , further comprising: for a given protocol component, determining that a given context entry in the context store is for use by a given protocol implemented by the given protocol component and processing the canonical enveloped message using the given context entry.

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6. An automatic keyword extraction method, comprising: extracting, using a processor, a keyword from title character string information which designates a title of contents in electronic program guide (EPG) information using a first keyword dictionary in which a character string designating a sub-genre is registered; and extracting a keyword from detailed character string information which explains details of the contents in the EPG information using a second keyword dictionary in which names of persons are registered, and extracting a keyword utilizing a character type separation method, said extracting a keyword from title character string information includes making a whole title character string or strings in which character strings registered in the keyword dictionary for titles are included within a respective program title or titles a keyword extraction objective or objectives, substituting by a space or spaces a portion or portions of a character string or strings which are designated in an exclude character string dictionary for titles within a title or titles which are made to be a keyword extraction objective, and extracting a keyword therefrom in accordance with a predetermined rule, and said predetermined rule includes extracting an entire respective title string when the respective title string is not separated by a special character from among a number of predetermined special characters which does not include “•” (midpoint), extracting two or more letters of the respective title string when the respective title string is separated by the special character, and when the respective title string includes the “•” (midpoint) at a beginning or end thereof extracting the respective title string without the “•” (midpoint).

7. An automatic keyword extraction method according to claim 6 , wherein a character string separated by a special character other than at least one of Hiragana, Katakana, a Chinese character, a numerical character and an alphabet letter is extracted as the first keyword from within a title character string which includes a character string registered in the first keyword dictionary.

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8. The system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said attributes associated with said user includes a location indicator, said location indicator providing a search criterion for searching contact information located within a given distance relative to said location indicator.

9. The system as claimed in claim 8 , wherein said voice interface for said user database includes an identification module, said identification module being responsive to a voice input for validating a user.

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22. The medium of claim 21 wherein performing the feature extraction process further comprises: generating at least one geo-temporal feature referring to the difference in location at which the annotated event was generated from a location associated with the social media content item about the event; and generating a score for the geo-temporal feature indicating whether the social media content item refers to the annotated event, using a feature specific sub-function for the geo-temporal feature.

21. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, the instructions when executed cause a processor to: access a plurality of social media content items authored by users of a social networking system; access programming information regarding an event of time based broadcast media aired during a segment of time; annotate the event with one or more metadata instances that has semantic information about the event, the annotating using an alignment function to estimate the likelihood that the event is described by one or more of the metadata instances; generate a set of mappings, each of the mappings generated by: performing a feature extraction process on a pair including the annotated event and one of the social media content items, the feature extraction process converting data to a common format by generating at least one content feature that identifies co-occurring textual information between the social media content item and one of the metadata instances of the annotated event, and generating a score for the content feature indicating whether the social media content item refers to the annotated event, using a feature specific sub-function for the content feature; and determine a level of social interest in the event based upon the set of mappings.

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7. The method according to claim 6 wherein said processing step further comprises: parsing said plurality of tokens through a predictive parser, wherein said parsing by the predictive parser further comprises the steps of: specifying a specific source language syntax to be parsed to the predictive parser at run-time via a parser specification using a specification language describing not only parser productions in response to input tokens and syntax, but also one or more registered plug-in operators to be called at specified points in the parsing process determined by when said one or more registered plug-in operators are popped off a parser stack associated with the predictive parser; converting the parser specification into one or more parser tables to drive operation of the predictive parser that is otherwise unmodified and source language independent; calling by the predictive parser a registered resolver in order to obtain a series of tokens from an input token stream, passing a ‘no action’ mode parameter to indicate an input token request wherein the registered resolver may at any time it is called (regardless of the mode parameter), choose to alter either a subseiuent token stream returned, a state of the parser stack, or a state of an evaluation stack associated with the predictive parser; and when a one of the series of tokens has a value within a first defined range, pushing by the predictive parser the one of said series of tokens onto said evaluation stack as an un-resolved symbol referencing a text string of the one of the series of tokens.

6. The method according to claim 1 wherein said converting step (c) further comprises: processing said plurality of streams of unstructured data with a two-phase lexical analyzer yielding a plurality of tokens, wherein said processing by the two-phase lexical analyzer further comprises the steps of: creating a first table in the memory, wherein the first table describes one or more single ocharacter transitions using records of a first type; creating a second table in the memory, wherein the second table is an ordered series of records of a second type; receiving a text input into the lexical analyzer; searching the records in the first table for a matching record against each successive character of the text input; if the matching record for the text input is found in the first table, outputting a token associated with the matching record; responsive to a failure to find the matching record in the first table, searching the records in the second table from the beginning for the matching record against the each successive character of the text input, wherein the matching record is found when a current state of the lexical analyzer lies between an upper state bound and a lower state bound and the each successive character of the text input lies between an upper character bound and a lower character bound as specified in each said record being searched in the second table; and if the matching record is found in the second table, assigning a current state of the lexical analyzer a value of an ending state field of the matching record.

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1. A method for providing internet content, the method comprising: defining a plurality of candidates based on a seed s; for each candidate d, calculating scores for relevance, novelty, connection clarity, and transition smoothness, wherein the score for connection clarity is based on a relevance score of an intersection between the seed and each candidate, wherein the score for transition smoothness measures an interest in reading each candidate when transitioning from the seed to each candidate; for each candidate, calculating a relatedness score based on the calculated scores for relevance, novelty, connection clarity, and transition smoothness; and selecting at least one candidate from the plurality of candidates based on the relatedness scores, wherein operations of the method are executed by a processor.

7. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the score for transition smoothness is calculated with a formula of smoothness ⁡ ( s , d ) = 1 2 ⁢ ∑ w ∈ V ⁢ ⁢ P ⁡ ( w ❘ s - d ) ⁢ log ⁢ P ⁡ ( w ❘ s - d ) P ⁡ ( w ❘ M ) + 1 2 ⁢ ∑ w ∈ V ⁢ ⁢ P ⁡ ( w ❘ d - s ) ⁢ log ⁢ P ⁡ ( w ❘ d - s ) P ⁡ ( w ❘ M ) , wherein w is a word, V is a vocabulary of a whole news collection, wherein P(w|M) is equal to 0.5P(w|s−d)+0.5P(w|d−s), wherein a difference of words in document A minus words in document B is denoted as (A−B), wherein a conditional probability of variable X given variable Y is denoted as P(X|Y).

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48. The Bayesian network of claim 38 where each intermediate node has a predefined number of inputs and where the probability table for each intermediate node comprises: a respective predefined number of input dimensions.

49. The Bayesian network of claim 48 where the probability table for each intermediate node comprises: data reflecting quantitative observations of a natural system associated with the intermediate node.

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12. One or more computer-readable media as recited in claim 6 , further storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed on the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform an act comprising repeating the selecting, the receiving, the determining, and the training until a trained model satisfies a stop condition.

6. One or more computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed on one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform acts comprising: selecting a first set of elements from a group of elements for labeling by one or more human users; receiving a label for each element of the first set of elements from the one or more human users; determining a sample selection bias of the first set of elements; and training a model for predicting labels for each element of the group of elements, the training based at least in part on the labels and on the sample selection bias.

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40. The system of claim 35 , wherein the first machine learning system is trained using a set of training input data and a set of training output data, wherein each of the training input data is a profile model having a set of profile parameters with the same profile parameters as the initial profile model, and wherein each of the training output data is a diffraction signal.

41. The system of claim 40 , further comprising: a second machine learning system trained using the training input data for the first machine learning system as training output data for the second machine learning system, and the training output data for the first machine learning system as training input data for the second machine learning system.

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15. The system of claim 13 , wherein when a portion of code operating in the first sandbox references the conflicting name, a value associated with the first application property is accessed; and wherein when the portion of code operating outside of the first sandbox references the conflicting name, a value associated with the invisible framework property is accessed.

16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the first application property is invisible to the environment outside of the first sandbox.

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1. A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving information at an electronic marketplace from multiple executing programs of multiple task requesters that indicates multiple tasks available to be performed by multiple human task performers who have registered with the electronic marketplace as being able to perform tasks, each of the task requesters supplying one or more of the multiple available tasks and indicating for each of the supplied one or more available tasks one or more associated required qualifications for a human who performs the task and associated compensation to be provided by the task requester for satisfactory performance of the task, the electronic marketplace being provided by one or more configured computer processors to facilitate task performance transactions between the task requesters and the human task performers and otherwise being unaffiliated with the multiple task requesters and with the multiple human task performers; and for each of at least some of the multiple available tasks, automatically facilitating performance of the task by, automatically identifying at least one of the multiple human task performers who each has one or more qualifications that satisfy the required qualifications for the task, the automatic identifying of the at least one human task performers being performed by the one or more computer processors; providing information about the task to each of the at least one identified human task performers to enable one or more of the at least one identified human task performers to select to participate in a transaction with the task requester who supplied the task that involves the one or more identified human task performers performing the task for that task requester in exchange for the associated compensation for the task from that task requester; and after receiving results for the task based on performance of the task by the one or more identified human task performers, and without further human intervention, automatically supplying the received results to an executing program of the task requester who supplied the task and facilitating providing of the associated compensation for the task to the one or more identified human task performers on behalf of that task requester, the automatic supplying and facilitating of the providing of the associated compensation being performed by the one or more configured computer processors.

24. The method of claim 1 further comprising, after the receiving of results for each of the at least some available tasks, automatically determining a level of confidence regarding accuracy of the results for the task and providing an indication of the determined level of confidence to the task requester who supplied the task.

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10. A computer-readable storage medium containing a program which, when executed, performs an operation for comparing query-related information, the operation comprising: providing a data abstraction layer which defines one or more logical fields, wherein a definition for each logical field specifies (i) a name, and (ii) an access method that maps the logical field to data in an underlying data repository; receiving from a first user a first set of abstract queries, associated with the first user, composed from the one or more logical fields defined in the data abstraction layer, wherein the first set of abstract queries comprises more than one query; receiving from a second user, different from the first user, a second set of abstract queries, associated with the second user, composed from the one or more logical fields defined in the data abstraction layer, wherein the second set of abstract queries comprises more than one query; comparing at least one query in the first set of abstract queries with at least one query in the second set of abstract queries to determine a degree of similarity between the first set of abstract queries and the second set of abstract queries; and issuing a notification of the degree of similarity.

15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10 , wherein the operation further comprises: adjusting the degree of similarity based on a determined degree of similarity assigned to one or more of the logical fields of the at least one query in the first set of abstract queries and one or more of the logical fields of the at least one query in the second set of abstract queries.

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41. Server apparatus, comprising: a processor; a communications interface in data communication with the processor; and a storage device in data communication with the processor, said storage device comprising a storage medium, said storage medium comprising at least one computer program with a plurality of instructions, said at least one program being configured to: receive a digital representation of a speech input relating to an organization or entity which a user wishes to locate; based at least in part on the digital representation, identify a location associated with the organization or entity; and enable generation of a graphical or visual representation of the location in order to aid the user in finding the organization or entity, the graphical or visual representation of the location comprising a map graphic showing the location of the organization or entity relative to other organizations or entities proximate thereto.

50. The server apparatus of claim 41 , wherein the speech from which the digital representation is derived is received via a microphone disposed in a transport apparatus.

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20. A computer-implemented method of generating automated tags for a video file, the method comprising: receiving one or more manually generated tags associated with a video file; based at least in part on the one or more manually entered tags, determining a preliminary category for the video file; based on the preliminary category, generating a targeted transcript of the video file, wherein the targeted transcript includes a plurality of words; generating an ontology of the plurality of words based on the targeted transcript; ranking the plurality of words in the ontology based on a plurality of scoring factors; based on the ranking of the plurality of words, generating one or more automated tags associated with the video file; establishing a top concepts threshold value; determining that one or more of the rankings of the plurality of words exceeds the top concepts threshold; and associating information about the one or more of the plurality of words with rankings that exceeds the top concepts with the video file to designate the top concepts of the video file, wherein the plurality of scoring factors consists of two or more of: distribution of words throughout the targeted transcript of the video file, words related to the plurality of words throughout the targeted transcript of the video file, occurrence age of the related words, information associated with the one or more manually entered tags, vernacular meaning of the plurality of words, or colloquial considerations of the meaning of the plurality of words.

25. The computer-implemented method of generating automated tags for the video file as in claim 20 , wherein the ontology is configured to provide categorical models of the plurality of words.

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17. The method of claim 1 , wherein: the first data indication predicate is positive or negative based on whether the game character has a visual of the object in the computer game.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein: the respective action identified by the icon of the first action predicate comprises at least one of a patrol action, an attack action or a taking action based on whether the game character has the visual of the object in the computer game.

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1. A computer-based system that facilitates optimizing utility of a communication, the system comprising: an identifier that identifies one or more communication channels that facilitate maximizing the utility of the communication, the utility of the communication based on a cost and a benefit of the communication to a contactor and a contactee, the cost and the benefit of the communication is related to one or more preferences of the contactor and the contactee; a communication group manager that manages a group of communicating parties to facilitate optimizing the utility of the communication along a communication channel identified by the identifier, membership of the group of communicating parties based at least in part on a reciprocated communication history between entities that comprise the group; a groupwise communication coordinator that coordinates communication between a subset of the managed group of communicating parties to facilitate maximizing the utility of the communication; and a groupwise communication assembler that assembles the group of communicating parties, identifies one or more group member classifications required for the group communication, identifies a minimal number of communicating parties from each of the one or more group member classifications required for the group communication, and verifies that at least the minimal number of communicating parties from each of the one or more group member classifications are available for the group communication.

8. The system of claim 1 , the utility optimization based at least in part upon whether two or more communicating parties are scheduled to communicate within a pre-defined period of time, or have communicated within a pre-defined period of time.

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1. A method for scripting via an interface to a programmable processing device, comprising the steps of: providing an interface to one or more programmable processing units communicatively coupled to each other in a programmable processing device comprising a script input tool for inputting one or more scripts and a file input tool for inputting one or more first original multimedia items for batch manipulation by the one or more programmable processing units; accepting from the script input tool an input of one or more scripts, said scripts written in a scripting language, said scripting language comprising variables representing one or more multimedia items and a manipulation to be applied to the one or more multimedia items; accepting from the file input tool a representation of one or more first original multimedia items; creating an association between the first original multimedia items and said input scripts; and storing the association in a container file comprising the input scripts and the first original multimedia items wherein the container file acts as a proxy for one or more result multimedia items after the manipulation has been applied, wherein the container file as the proxy is referenced to render the one or more result multimedia items, and is referenced as one or more second original multimedia items in at least one other script for batch manipulation.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said association is created on a first computer system and further comprising the step of transferring a portion of said input scripts to a second computer system.

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27. The system of claim 17 , further comprising a new phrase finder and a new phrase store, wherein said new phrase finder parses a selected document to identify two or more consecutive words in the selected document having no translation options, and stores said two or more consecutive words as a new phrase in said new phrase store.

17. A multi-lingual information retrieval system comprising: a vote store configured to store for each target language term vote counts for respective source language translation options corresponding to the target language term; and a translation engine configured to translate a target language document to a translated document in the source language, wherein said translation engine translates a selected term in the target language document by retrieving from said vote store a source language translation option corresponding to the selected term, said retrieved translation option having a highest vote count amongst source language translation options corresponding to the selected target language term, and wherein when a first translation option of a selected term is replaced by a second translation option of the selected term as the option with the most votes, each translated document wherein said first translation option is used as a primary translation result for the selected term is dynamically changed to reflect the second translation option as the translation of the selected term.

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1. A phone mail terminal, comprising: a housing having a paper input and a telephone line connection; a sensor in said housing and arranged to sense application of a paper document at the paper input, said sensor being operable upon sensing the paper document to output a document insertion signal; a scanner in the housing, the scanner being responsive to the document insertion signal so as to scan the paper document and to generate an electronic image of the paper document as an electronic document; and, a transmitter in the housing, the transmitter being connected to the scanner to receive the electronic image and being operable to automatically transmit the electronic document telephonically over a telephone line to a predetermined telephone number without user in put of the telephone number to the phone mail terminal.

8. The phone mail terminal of claim 1 , further comprising: an accessory selected from the group consisting of: an external telephone dialing apparatus, an answering machine apparatus, a vitals monitoring apparatus, a facsimile apparatus, and an auxiliary telephone jack.

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10. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium embodying a set of instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: assigning to each alphabet letter a respective distribution weight according to a weighting rule of an online game, wherein each respective distribution weight reflects a frequency the corresponding alphabet letter, to which the respective distribution weight is assigned, is available for a game action in the online game of a game network server system; allocating based on respective assigned distribution weights, for availability in one or more game actions by a particular player, instances of each alphabet letter in a plurality of the alphabet letters; initiating display, to the particular player, of the allocated instances of each alphabet letter in a game interface of the online game; receiving a game action representing completion of a formation of a word, the word based on selection of a subset of the allocated instances of each alphabet letter; determining a losing player being the particular player having a point score in the online game lower than any further player within the online game, wherein each further player has a respective social network connection in a social network server system with the particular player; based on determining the losing player being the particular player: determining a number of remaining instances of the alphabet letters, available for distribution and yet to be allocated to the losing player, in accordance to the respective distribution weights and the plurality of alphabet letters previously allocated to the losing player; determining the number of the remaining instances of the alphabet letters is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold; comparing a set of played words based on one or more words previously formed in one or more game action selected by the losing player in the online game; determining a prospective word formation, in a subset of the remaining instances of the alphabet letters, matches at least one of the words previously formed; adjusting the respective distribution weight of each letter in the subset of the remaining instances of the alphabet letters, the adjusted respective distribution weight being greater than a prior corresponding distribution weight.

14. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 10 , the operations further comprising: analyzing profile factors included in a user profile of the player; determining a skill level of the player based on the profile factors; and adjusting the respective distribution weights of the alphabet letters based on the skill level of the player, wherein the profile factor is a game history and the adjusting the respective distribution weights includes increasing a distribution weight of high-point alphabet letters and decreasing a distribution weight of low-point alphabet letters when the skill level of the player is determined to be higher than a predetermined threshold, and wherein a high-point alphabet letter is relatively more difficult to use in word formations than a low-point alphabet letter.

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25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the step (B) (3) comprises a step of selecting the measure of relevance based on the prior relevance of the competing hypothesis and a prior relevance of the region of the document.

24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the region of the document comprises a hypothesis generated by an automatic transcription system for the corresponding region of the spoken audio stream, and wherein the step (B) comprises steps of: (B) (1) identifying a competing hypothesis generated by the automatic transcription system for the corresponding region of the spoken audio stream; (B)(2) selecting a prior relevance of the competing hypothesis; and (B)(3) selecting the measure of relevance based on the prior relevance of the competing hypothesis.

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4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the query usage data includes query usage data collected for voice-based queries issued by the plurality of users.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the query usage data includes query usage data collected for voice-based queries issued by a user of the resource-constrained offline device and processed by an offline semantic processor of the resource-constrained offline device.

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1. An information source alignment system comprising: a processor coupled to a memory; a tree generation module to generate a source category hierarchy tree for a source class in a first information source and a target category hierarchy tree for a target class in a second information source, wherein the source and target category hierarchy trees are constructed from a class hierarchy of a knowledge source; a class-similarity determination module comparing the source and target category hierarchy trees; a contextual-similarity determination module determining a similarity between superclasses of the source and target classes, the superclasses being ascertained from the respective first and second information sources; and an alignment module determining whether the source and target classes are aligned based on the comparison of the source and target category hierarchy trees, and based on the determined similarity, wherein the contextual-similarity determination module determines a number of superclasses of the source and target classes that are supported by the source and target category hierarchy trees, and wherein the class-similarity determination module identifies common nodes between the source and target category hierarchy trees for calculating a class-similarity value based on the category hierarchy tree comparison.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the class-similarity determination module accounts for a size of the source or target category hierarchy tree by respectively taking a log of the source or target category hierarchy tree size.

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33. The system of claim 32 , where the overlay is positioned in visual proximity to the search result in the list of search results.

32. The system of claim 24 , where the expanded text excerpt is presented within an overlay.

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3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said identifying comprises: determining that a surface form of a member of said list occurs in at least one of said contexts.

1. A method of classifying entities, the method comprising: using a processor to perform acts comprising: recognizing occurrences of an entity in a plurality of documents; identifying a plurality of features in contexts of said occurrences, a first one of the features being derived from a first context of a first one of the occurrences in a first one of the documents, and a second one of the features being derived from a second context of a second one of the occurrences in a second one of the documents; calculating a sum of a plurality of weights, wherein each of the features is associated with one of the weights; making a first determination that said sum exceeds a first threshold; making a second determination that a label applies to said entity based on said first determination; and storing or communicating a fact that said label applies to said entity, wherein said features comprise membership in a list, and wherein said acts further comprise: choosing a subset of members of said members of said list based on members in said subset being estimated to occur more frequently in said documents than other members of said list; and comparing a string that occurs in at least one of said contexts with members of said subset; and making a third determination that said string represents a member of said list, said third determination being made (a) based on said string's being among said subset, and (b) without use of a filter that accepts all strings that are members of said list and accepts at least one string that is not a member of said list.

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7. The display interface of claim 6 wherein: said performed method enlarges the area of said one portlet section automatically upon the entry of said pointer into said one portlet section.

6. An interactive display interface on a computer controlled display system for providing Web portal pages, the system comprising: a processor; a computer memory holding computer program instructions which when executed by the processor perform the method comprising: displaying, at said display interface, a Web portal page including a plurality of portlet sections in said displayed page, each portlet section having an original area including text and at least one displayed active hyperlink to another Web page; enabling a user to enter one of said displayed portlet sections by moving a display pointer into said one portlet section; enabling, by the entry of said user into said one portlet section, the enlargement of the area of said one portlet section to a size greater than said original area; and responsive to said enlarging of the area of said one portlet, reducing the areas of each of a plurality of the other portal sections to a size smaller than said original area, wherein said at least one displayed active hyperlink in each of the other portlet sections of reduced area remains active.

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20. The computing device of claim 13 , wherein the identifying logic further comprises receiving logic executed by the processor for receiving, from a content server, a plurality of previously stored tags.

13. A computing device comprising: a processor; a storage medium for tangibly storing thereon program logic for execution by the processor, the program logic comprising: receiving logic executed by the processor for receiving an image file captured by a client device, the image file comprising an associated audio component, the audio component spoken by a user of the client device as a tag of the image file; metadata determining logic executed by the processor for determining metadata associated with the image file; identifying logic executed by the processor for identifying a dictionary of potential textual tags from the metadata; tag determining logic executed by the processor for determining a textual tag from the audio component using the dictionary of potential textual tags in conjunction with speech-to-text technology; and associating logic executed by the processor for associating the textual tag with the image file as additional metadata.

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6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first subquery specifies an order by clause and the second subquery also specifies the order by clause, wherein generating the statement comprises generating a query having the order by clause.

1. A computer implemented method for optimizing database queries, the method comprising: receiving, by a database system, a database query for optimization, the database query comprising a first subquery and a second subquery, the first subquery specifying a first where clause comprising a first condition and the second subquery specifying a second where clause comprising a second condition, wherein the first where clause is distinct from the second where clause and wherein the first condition evaluates to true for a first set of input rows and the second condition evaluates to true for a second set of input rows; comparing the first subquery and the second subquery based on input tables processed by each of the first and second subqueries; responsive to determining that the first subquery and the second subquery match based on the comparison: generating a first database query specifying a where clause comprising a condition that evaluates to true for a superset of the first set of input rows and the second set of input rows; generating a statement comprising the first database query, the statement storing result of execution of the first database query in a result table; generating a first expression equivalent to the first subquery and a second expression equivalent to the second subquery, the first and the second expressions based on the result table; modifying the database query to use the result table, the modifying comprising, replacing the first subquery with the first expression and the second subquery with the second expression; and replacing an execution of the database query with an execution of the statement followed by an execution of the modified database query.

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14. The memory storage apparatus of claim 13 , wherein receiving a first set of rich content items in response to a search process and based on the question query and corresponding answer comprises: generating a contextual query that includes a first element relating to the question query and a second element relating to the answer; and submitting the contextual query to a rich content search process and receiving data specifying a first set of rich content items responsive to the contextual query, the rich content items ranked according to an order that is indicative of the relevance of each rich content item to the contextual query.

15. The memory storage apparatus of claim 14 , wherein generating a contextual query that includes a first element relating to the question query and a second element relating to the answer comprises generating a context query that includes at least one or more terms from the question query and one or more terms from the answer.

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7. A method as recited in claim 6 , further comprising measuring an amount force of the first user input on the touch-sensitive display.

6. A method comprising: under control of an electronic device configured with specific executable instructions and having a touch-sensitive display, in response to receiving a first indication that the touch-sensitive display has detected a first user input, selecting a first entry from multiple entries of supplemental content to output to the touch-sensitive display based at least in part on the first user input; and in response to receiving a second indication that the touch-sensitive display has detected a second user input having an amount of force greater than a predetermined threshold, selecting a second entry from the multiple entries of the supplemental content to output to the touch-sensitive display based at least in part on the amount of force of the second user input, the second entry received, over a network, from a reference work stored at a server.

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14. The language analysis apparatus as claimed in claim 10 , wherein: the program, which is stored in the at least one memory unit ( 1 . 20 ), comprises a response module ( 10 . 20 ) and a control module ( 11 . 40 ), wherein the response module ( 10 . 20 ) includes computer executable steps for automatically creating a response file ( 10 . 10 ) as an audio file for the output file ( 8 . 20 ) based on the characteristics ( 4 . 20 ) of the person in the language file ( 6 . 10 ), the response module ( 10 . 20 ) includes a databank including standard responses as a response file, which contains mappings between the associated characteristics ( 4 . 20 ) of the person and the standard responses, wherein the control module ( 11 . 40 ) includes computer executable steps for controlling the output by an electroacoustic transducer ( 12 . 10 ) of the audio file according to the characteristics ( 4 . 20 ) contained in the output file ( 8 . 20 ), and the electroacoustic transducer ( 12 . 10 ) for outputting the audio file is connected to the computer system ( 1 . 30 ).

10. A language analysis apparatus for automated language analysis based on word-selection, comprising a computer system ( 1 . 30 ) having at least one memory unit ( 1 . 20 ), an input unit connected to the computer system ( 1 . 30 ), a program, which is stored in at least one memory unit ( 1 . 20 ), that is designed to execute on the computer system ( 1 . 30 ) computer executable steps for performing the method of claim 1 .

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10. The method as claimed in claim 9 , further comprising: generating a second checksum on said one of said cipher texts prior to said transmitting step; and checking said second checksum prior to said storing step to ensure data integrity.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising: transmitting said one of said cipher texts prior to said storing step.

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17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14 , wherein the first industrial programming language is a textual programming language and the second industrial programming language is a graphical programming language.

14. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution, cause a system including a processor to perform operations comprising: inferring a first industrial programming language of a plurality of industrial programming languages to use for programming an industrial controller and a second industrial programming language of the plurality of industrial programming languages to use in combination with the first industrial programming language for programming the industrial controller to create a custom programming language that is optimal for programming the industrial controller based upon at least one criteria comprising a code function to be implemented in the industrial controller, wherein the at least one criteria further comprises user tendencies associated with respective industrial programming languages of the industrial programming languages; and merging at least a portion of the first industrial programming language for programming with at least another portion of the second industrial programming language to form the custom programming language for programming the industrial controller, wherein the first industrial programming language, the second industrial programming language and the custom programming language are not identical.

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9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 6 , wherein the continuous query is identified based at least in part on an archived stream related to the application.

6. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more computer systems, configure the one or more computer systems to perform at least: instructions that cause the one or more computer systems to receive a continuous query, the continuous query being identified based at least in part on an archived relation associated with an application; instructions that cause the one or more computer systems to construct a set of one or more archiver queries for a set of one or more query operators identified in a physical query plan for the continuous query; instructions that cause the one or more computer systems to combine the set of one or more archiver queries to generate a combined archiver query; instructions that cause the one or more computer systems to execute the combined archiver query to obtain a result set of data records related to the application; instructions that cause the one or more computer systems to construct a list of tuples for the one or more identified query operators from the result set of data records; instructions that cause the one or more computer systems to initialize the state of the identified one or more query operators based at least on the list of tuples; instructions that cause the one or more computer systems to generate a snapshot output of the one or more data values related to the application based at least in part on the list of tuples; and instructions that cause the one or more computer systems to process incoming real-time events related to the application based at least in part on the snapshot output of the one or more data values.

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16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the additional steps of: receiving all the location; determining the geo-centric language model, corresponding to the region defined by the determined radius about the location of the mobile communications device, including selecting one of a plurality of language models stored in a language model database that covers said region; receiving an audio input provided by the user; and processing the audio input based at least in part upon the determined language model to determine a search request identified in the audio input.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the computer-executable instructions in causing the processor to receive the location, causes the processor to receive the location as determined by a mobile device via at least one of cellular triangulation, WIFI triangulation, global positioning system (GPS), assisted GPS (A-GPS), area code, and user input, wherein the mobile device is remote to the processor.

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6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each node of the cluster includes: a suffix sorter to sort the second suffixes in a reverse lexicographical order; a counter to condense the second suffixes into a list of suffixes and a number of occurrences of each suffix in the second suffixes; and an n-gram constructor to construct n-grams that begin with a prefix of each suffix in the list of suffixes, the counter to aggregate a count of the constructed n-grams to identify the second count of n-grams in the second suffixes.

1. An apparatus to identify a count of n-grams in a corpus, the apparatus comprising: a hot-word detector to identify a token that frequently begins a suffix found in the corpus; a suffix identifier to identify first suffixes and second suffixes within the corpus, the suffix identifier to detect that the first suffixes begin with the token and that the second suffixes do not begin with the token; and an n-gram count controller to direct a cluster of nodes to perform a first counting algorithm to identify a first count of n-grams in the first suffixes, the n-gram count controller to direct the cluster of nodes to perform a second counting algorithm to identify a second count of n-grams in the second suffixes, the second counting algorithm different from the first counting algorithm, the count of n-grams used as a statistic for computational linguistics.

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1. A method comprising, by one or more computing devices: selecting, by one or more of the computing devices, a first text string from a set of text strings to be translated, wherein each text string of the set of text strings is associated with a priority value, and wherein the first text string is selected based on its priority value, wherein the priority value of the first text string is determined based on one or more previously calculated reliability-values of one or more translations for the first text string; sending, to a client system of a first user, instructions configured to present a translation prompt comprising the first text string and a translation-input field, wherein the first user is associated with a credibility-score based on prior translation activity of the first user; receiving, from the client system, an input by the first user at the translation-input field, wherein the input corresponds to a first translation for the first text string; and calculating, by one or more of the computing devices, a reliability-value for the first translation based on the input and the credibility-score of the first user.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reliability-value of the first translation is a function of one or more credibility-scores of one or more users, each of the one or more users having submitted an input for the first translation.

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1. A computer-implemented method of creating a motion manifold for determining a similarity between two image patches, the method comprising: identifying semantic regions of videos of a set of digital videos; for each identified semantic region, identifying patch trajectories by identifying patches corresponding to the semantic region and tracking the patches across consecutive frames of the videos, a patch corresponding to the semantic region including image data for the semantic region; creating a motion manifold indicating different visual representations of a given semantic region by using the patch trajectories identified for the given semantic region, the creating of the motion manifold comprising: clustering the patches into patch clusters according to visual similarity of the patches, each patch cluster representing a subset of the patches having similar visual appearances, the patches of the subset being from one or more patch trajectories, and determining degrees of semantic similarity between pairs of the patch clusters based on degrees to which a first cluster of the pair and a second cluster of the pair have patches from a same patch trajectory; and storing the motion manifold.

6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein creating the motion manifold comprises: forming a cluster graph by creating edges between cluster pairs based on the determined degrees of semantic similarity between the pairs of the patch clusters.

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19. A printer according to claim 18, wherein said electromagnets are of the moving coil type and comprise a common permanent magnet.

21. A printer according to claim 19, wherein said kinematic means comprise a hinged frame having four arms of equal length and parallel to the direction of either coordinates of movement of said tracing element, said tracing element being mounted on a first vertex of said frame, another vertex opposite to said first vertex of said frame being fitted in a carrying structure, said moving coils being connected to the two arms adjacent said opposite vertex.

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24. The method of claim 1 , where analyzing data or attributes associated with the document further comprises: analyzing references to the document, or to a domain associated with the document, over time in received electronic messages.

25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising: determining if the references to the document appear in the received electronic messages.

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2. The tangible, non-transitory, and computer-readable media of claim 1 , wherein the algorithmic description representation is a control-flow-based representation.

1. A tangible, non-transitory, and computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause one or more processors to: identify at least one programming language construct associated with a safety data type of an algorithmic description representation of a circuit design, wherein the algorithmic description representation is specified in a first language; and generate a second representation of the circuit design based on the algorithmic description representation and the safety data type, the second representation is specified in a second language and includes at least one safety feature that is based at least in part on the safety data type, wherein the second representation is used to configure a manufactured programmable logic device after manufacturing of the programmable logic device has been completed.

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25. The article of manufacture of claim 23 , wherein receiving comprises receiving a dynamic annotation.

23. An article of manufacture including a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, wherein the instructions are configured to cause a computing device, in response to execution of the instructions by the computing device, to perform operations comprising: selecting an object rendered on a display, wherein the object is associated with an application that includes a first call to a program, wherein the first call is configured to cause the program to render the object on the display; receiving a plurality of annotations associated with the selected object; determining the verbosity level of each annotation of the plurality of annotations, wherein each of the plurality of annotations includes a different verbosity level, and wherein for any two of the annotations associated with the selected object and having different verbosity levels, a first annotation associated with a first verbosity level represents information in a textually-shortened form from information represented in a second of the two annotations with a second verbosity level higher than the first verbosity level, and wherein the first annotation associated with the lower verbosity level comprises an icon; and during execution of the application, and prior to execution of the first call, replacing the first call with a second call to be executed in place of the first call, wherein the second call is different from the first call and is itself configured to both render the plurality of annotations on the display and to cause the program to render the object without requiring execution of the first call, wherein the second call is configured to render the annotations individually based on a requested verbosity level.

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3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 2 , wherein the input database is structured using a first type of database management/architecture system (DBMS) and the output database is structured using a second type of DBMS.

2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , wherein the computer-readable instructions further cause the computing device to store the accessed data in an output database.

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11. The call center device of claim 7 wherein the generating of a word lattice includes determining weights of sub-sequences of the word lattice based on numbers of agent utterances merged to form the sub-sequences.

7. The call center device of claim 6 wherein the training device is configured to construct the set of word lattices by operations including: extracting features to represent agent utterances of the training dialogs; clustering the agent utterances of the training dialogs represented by the extracted features to form agent utterance clusters; aligning the agent utterances of each cluster; and generating a word lattice represented as a weighted finite state automaton (WFSA) encoding the aligned agent utterances of each cluster.

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131. A system for selectable input based on motion of a pointing device in relation to an region, comprising: means for tracking the motion of the pointing device in relation to the region; a determined device path, comprising a plurality of positions and corresponding times, based upon the tracked motion; a comparison of subsequent positions and corresponding times to path data; means for detecting subsequent positions which meet at least one threshold of a selected position within the region; means for sequential entry of each of the selected positions which correspond to a selection; and a disambiguation of at least one subsequent position which does not clearly indicate a selected position within the region.

132. The system of claim 131 , wherein the disambiguation comprises: a display of at least one selectable position which may correspond to the subsequent position that does not clearly indicate a selected position within the region; and a selectable choice for the user of the at least one selectable position.

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1. A method for comparing the output signals of a register transfer level (RTL) model simulation of a logic circuit and the output signals of a hardware description language (HDL) model simulation of the logic circuit, comprising the steps: starting said RTL model simulation of said logic circuit and said HDL model simulation of said logic circuit in a first process and a second process, respectively, of an operating system supporting an interprocess communication mechanism; and repeating the following steps until a predetermined number of simulation cycles are completed: (i) running said RTL model simulation for a predetermined simulation time period using an input test vector; (ii) retrieving, at the end of said predetermined simulation time period, values of output signals of said RTL model; (iii) sending to said second process, through said interprocess communication mechanism, said output values of said RTL model; (iv) running said HDL model simulation for said predetermined simulation period using said input test vector; (v) retrieving, at the end of said predetermined simulation time period, values of output signals of said HDL model; and (vi) comparing, at the end of said predetermined simulation time period, whether or not said values of said output signals of said RTL model equal said output values of said output signals of said HDL model.

2. A method as in claim 1, wherein said operating system is a UNIX-type operating system and said interprocess communication mechanism comprises sockets.

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12. The method of claim 11 , comprising determining, from the selected user-specific context, one or more recipients for the communication and sending the communication to the one or more recipients over an electronic network.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the execution of the automated response comprises sending a communication relating to the inferred user-specific context to another electronic device.

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20. The system as described in claim 19 , wherein the predicting means further comprising means for generating the predicted bounding box based on a result of the processing of each of the plurality of cropped portions of the image.

19. The system as described in claim 17 , wherein the predicting means includes means for forming a plurality of cropped portions of the image and processing each of the plurality of cropped portions of the image by a trained convolutional network of the model independently, one to another.

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9. The keyboard of claim 6 , wherein the computing device is a phone, a tablet or a desktop computer.

6. A keyboard for typing an Ethiopic character, comprising: a keyboard comprising between 11-16 character keys per row, and between 5-7 rows; a computing device associated with said keyboard that renders Ethiopic characters on a display screen based on inputs from said keyboard; a first keystroke input comprising a single key input or a shift key input, wherein when said first keystroke input is provided to said keyboard, a first Ethiopic character is rendered on said display screen exclusively associated with said first keystroke input, and said first Ethiopic character is settled such that said first Ethiopic character cannot be modified to represent a different Ethiopic character unless a modifier keystroke input is provided to said keyboard; and a second keystroke input, wherein when said second keystroke input is provided to said keyboard, determining if said second keystroke input is said modifier keystroke input, and modifying said first Ethiopic character rendered on said display screen to represent a second Ethiopic character when said second keystroke input is determined to be said modifier keystroke input, said second Ethiopic character is different than said first Ethiopic character and said second Ethiopic character is exclusively associated with said first keystroke input and said second keystroke input, and said second Ethiopic character is settled such that said second Ethiopic character cannot be modified to represent a different Ethiopic character; and rendering a third Ethiopic character on said display screen, adjacent said first Ethiopic character when said second keystroke input is determined to not be said modifier keystroke input, and said third Ethiopic character is exclusively associated with said second keystroke input.

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5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 3 , where the one or more instructions to obtain the information include at least one of: one or more instructions to interpret the model to obtain the information, one or more instructions to receive the information from a user, or one or more instructions to receive the information from a model creation environment.

3. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions comprising: one or more instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: receive a model from a user device, the model including information relating to a computation, the information relating to the computation being included in a file that includes information for executing the model, the file including one or more parameter files; obtain information for the model, the obtained information including: information identifying a number of input ports for the model, information identifying a number of output ports for the model, information indicating a complexity of the model, and at least one of: information indicating whether the model uses continuous time integration or discrete time integration, annotations added to the model, or review information about an author of the model; associate the obtained information with the file to make the model available for searching; perform a search, using the obtained information, to identify information identifying the model; and provide the information identifying the model for display to a user, the information identifying the model including the obtained information.

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11. A tangible computer-readable storage medium encoded with a computer program for electronically delivering personalized periodic news digest documents to a plurality of registered users, said computer program comprising instructions for performing steps of: receiving a delivery preference of each registered user, wherein a registered user is one who has registered personal information in a user profile, and said personal information comprises the registered user's name, age, sex, zip code, time zone, and email; wherein the delivery preference indicates how the registered user desires to receive the personalized periodic news digest document; receiving the personal information of the registered user and a news article preference of the registered user; searching at least one location for content items that match at least one of: the personal information and the news article preference, the content items comprising a plurality of news articles, wherein the content items comprise sports, local and foreign affairs, and legal; receiving the content items that match; automatically generating, from the matching news articles that are received, a print-ready personalized periodic news digest document that comprises the matching news articles, the personalized periodic news digest document being generated as a document selected from a group consisting of: an email, a web page, an electronic file, and a fax, in accordance with the delivery preference of the registered user; electronically pushing the personalized periodic news digest document directly to the registered user in accordance with the delivery preference of said registered user; and initiating a client module of the registered user such that the client module automatically prints the personalized periodic news digest document that was electronically pushed to the registered user.

14. The tangible computer-readable storage medium according to claim 11 , wherein said computer program further contains instructions for performing steps of: supplying advertising content based on at least one of: the personal information and the news article preference; and indicating a location within the personalized periodic news digest document for the advertising content that is supplied.

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10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the region presentation properties include at least one of a region horizontal position, a region vertical position, a text horizontal position, a text vertical position, a line space, and a font size.

9. A method for decoding a text subtitle stream recorded on a recording medium, the method comprising: loading the text subtitle stream into a subtitle loading buffer, the text subtitle stream including a style segment defining at least one region style and at least one presentation segment, each of the at least one presentation segment containing at least one region of text and being linked to one of the at least one region style, the style segment further defining at least one set of user control style for each of the at least one region style, each of the at least one set of user control style including at least one user control style being selectable for changing at least one region presentation property specified by a corresponding region style; and decoding each of the at least one presentation segment using the linked at least one region style and one of the at least one set of user control style, wherein the style segment includes a player style flag indicating whether a player is permitted to use its own player style in addition to the at least one region style defined in the style segment of the text subtitle stream in the recording medium, wherein each of the at least one set of user control style specifies a direction and a delta of a change in the at least one of region presentation properties specified by the corresponding region style.

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70. A talking electronic apparatus as set forth in claim 69, wherein at least some of the plurality of word-related problems involve respective requests to the operator to spell individual words and the correct answers corresponding thereto comprising the correct spelling of those words as derived from said digital speech data stored in said memory means.

71. A talking electronic apparatus as set forth in claim 70, wherein the audibly presented selected word-related problem comprises a request to spell a particular word; and wherein said keyboard input as generated by the operator is displayed as a sequence of visual letter images on said display panel as the suggested spelling of said particular word provided by the operator as a proposed answer.

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6. A computer-implemented method of providing document data from a document management system for display on an interface of a computer system through an enabler application that manages associations between fields of a host application and fields of documents in the document management system, comprising: displaying the host application on the interface of the computer system that includes one or more data processors and one or more non-transitory computer-readable mediums including instructions for commanding the one or more data processors, wherein the host application includes an interface field that is linked to a document field of documents in the document management system; capturing a field value for the interface field and an operation identification from the host application using the enabler application on the computer system, wherein the field value entered in the host application is captured at the enabler application without receiving any communication from the host application; accessing a context rule in a context rule database using the computer system based upon the operation identification, wherein the context rule identifies a type of document that is relevant to the identified operation; querying the document management system using the computer system based on the field value that is captured from the interface field of the host application and the relevant document type identified by the context rule that is accessed based on the operation identification from the host application; receiving document data from the document management system based on said querying using the computer system; and updating the interface of the computer system based on the document data.

8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the context rule identifies multiple types of documents that are relevant to the identified operation, wherein the querying requests document data associated with the field value for each of the multiple types of documents.

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7. A computer-readable medium containing processor-executable instructions for ranking items in a distinguished query result produced for a distinguished query, by a method comprising: receiving a rating set of queries, each query in the rating set specifying one or more terms; for each query in the rating set, generating a query result identifying one or more items satisfying the query; allowing a user to select one or more of the items identified in the query result; and for items selected from the query result, for terms specified by the query, determining an adjustment factor indicating the level of effort necessary to effectuate selection of the item, the level of effort associated with selecting an item being based on an amount of effort required to select the item relative to amounts of effort required to select other items identified in the query result, wherein if a greater level of effort is required to select an item, a higher rating is associated with the item; adjusting a rating score corresponding to the combination of the selected item and the term specified by the query by the determined adjustment factor; and storing the rating score.

11. The computer-readable medium of claim 7 wherein determining each adjustment factor reflects the number of items that preceded the selected items in the query results from which they were selected.

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14. The computerized method as recited in claim 13 , wherein said storing step comprises: storing user input data and other data in a persistent storage device, wherein said user input data includes data regarding the cultural group to which the user belongs.

13. The computerized method as recited in claim 10 , wherein said storing step comprises: storing user input data and other data, wherein said other data includes the cultural data.

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3. The social networking website system of claim 1 wherein the server enables the user to participate in a plurality of social networks based on the current location and at least one of the following: businesses typically used by the user, the social interests of the user, the businesses available at the current location, and social interests of people in the current location.

1. A social networking website system that supports user interactions in a plurality of social networks, the social networking website system comprising: a server enabling a user to participate in a plurality of social networks based on a current location information; the server monitoring the current location information of the user, and, based on changes to the current location, adjusting the user's membership to, or participation in, the social networks and social groups; the server automatically enabling communication among a plurality of mobile devices used by a corresponding plurality of users via the plurality of social networks, each of the plurality of mobile devices identifies a corresponding current location information based on GPS coordinates; and the server automatically, without employing invitations and explicit user acceptance, automatically registering and including a first user among the plurality of users in a new social network based on GPS coordinates of the current location of the first user's mobile device among the plurality of mobile devices; wherein a current location to social networks mapping is employed to determine appropriate social networks and associated social groups for the first user based on the current location.

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1. A rule-based data processing apparatus comprising: a processor coupled with first and second memory means, said first memory means having stored therein first and second groups of agents, each group of agents being defined by respective sets of rules, said processor being arranged to run said respective sets of rules in parallel, and said second memory means having stored therein data defining a plurality of objects, at least some of the data having a respective qualifier term associated therewith, the agents of the first group being script agents and being arranged as a sequentially enabled chain, one or more of said script agents including a respective reference to one of said objects and a specified qualifier term; and each of the agents of the second group being object agents and being operable to identify an object and specified qualifier term from a script agent, to identify an instance or each instance of said object in the second memory means, to compare the specified qualifier term with the respective associated qualifier term of each identified object and, when a match occurs, to generate an identifying pointer for the identified and matched object.

2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein every script agent including a common object reference and specified qualifier term identifies a common object from the second memory means via a single object agent, with each of those script agents having a respective marker on said object agent.

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60. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 35 , wherein the plurality of nodes is distributed among two or more data centers.

61. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 60 , wherein the data centers are geographically dispersed.

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15. A method, comprising: performing, by a computer: detecting a first text box disposed in a file having first visible content; detecting a second text box disposed in the file having second visible content and nonvisible content within boundaries of the second text box; receiving an indication to print the file; in response to receiving the indication, generating a printout comprising: the file, the first visible content disposed in the first text box, an indicator disposed within the second text box that indicates that the second visible content and the nonvisible content is printed outside one or more boundaries of the second text box, and the second visible content and nonvisible content outside one or more of the boundaries of the second text box.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of text boxes include at least one form field.

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4. The vehicle personal assistant of claim 3 , executable by a computing system to determine the current context by comparing the real-time sensor inputs to a stored template.

3. The vehicle personal assistant of claim 1 , wherein the real-time sensor inputs comprise one or more of accelerating, braking and steering inputs.

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10. A method of transforming XML (eXtensible Markup Language) data to a desired format, said method being implemented in a digital processing system, said method comprising: receiving XML data containing a plurality of elements, each element being uniquely identified by a corresponding identifier; accessing configuration data specifying a plurality of context objects and a first set of identifiers, wherein said first set of identifiers uniquely identifies corresponding elements to be stored in a first set of context objects of said plurality of context objects; inspecting said XML data to locate a set of elements having said first set of identifiers; populating said first set of context objects with said set of elements located by said inspecting; retrieving a set of XSL (EXtensible Stylesheet Language) transformation rules, wherein each of said set of XSL transformation rules specifies a respective portion of an output to be generated for one or more of said plurality of elements, said output being in said desired format, wherein a first XSL transformation rule of said set of XSL transformation rules specifies a first output portion for a first element, said first XSL transformation rule specifying that a first context object of said first set of context objects is to be used for forming said first output portion; parsing said XML data to identify the occurrence of said first element; in response to the occurrence of said first element, invoking said first context object to retrieve a subset of said set of elements; forming said first output portion by incorporating said subset of said set of elements according to said first XSL transformation rule; and including said first output portion in said desired format in said output, as a response to occurrence of said first element in said XML data.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said receiving, said accessing, said inspecting and said populating are performed during a first pass of processing of said XML data, wherein said retrieving, said parsing, said invoking, said forming and said including are performed during a second pass of processing of said XML data, wherein examination of all of said plurality of elements is complete in said first pass prior to start of said second pass.

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4. The method of claim 3 wherein said assigning step (c) includes the step of: assigning an unassigned transcriber terminal to a first voice dictation segment from a dictator terminal having no assigned transcriber terminal.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein said assigning step (c) further includes the steps of: determining the busy status of each assigned transcriber terminal in said assignment table and assigning a transcriber terminal to a voice dictation segment from a dictator terminal having no assigned transcriber terminal by selecting a non-busy transcriber terminal presently assigned to another dictation terminal.

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5. A system comprising: a first computing system in communication with a second computing system comprising a user interface, the first computing system comprising one or more memory devices and one or more processors, the first computing system configured to: receive, over one or more computer networks from the second computing system, a plurality of elements from the user interface; receive filter criteria over the one or more computer networks from the second computing system, the filter criteria generated by a user manipulating one or more visual characteristics of one or more of the plurality of elements and one or more inferred terms displayed in the user interface, wherein the one or more inferred terms are derived from the plurality of elements using a vectoral analysis algorithm; generate a query in accordance with one or more of the plurality of elements, the one or inferred terms, and the filter criteria; and transmit, over the one or more computer networks, the generated query to a third computing system of a search engine.

12. The system of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of elements comprise one or more of: keywords; sentences; phrases; paragraphs; documents; photographs; and icons.

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13. A method comprising: providing a policy enforcer executing at a first device; providing a first application program executing at the first device; providing a shared key ring at the first device wherein the shared key ring is associated with the policy enforcer and comprises at most one domain key and a plurality of shared keys; providing a file at the first device wherein the file further comprises a document content portion and a control data portion; extracting a content key from the control data portion; encrypting the document content portion using the content key; extracting a first key identifier from the control data portion; requesting from the policy enforcer a domain key; encrypting the control data portion of the file with the at most one domain key; at the first device, providing access to the file and its encrypted control data portion; intercepting at a second device a request to access the file at a second application program, wherein the intercepting the access of the encrypted document occurs at an system level of the application program comprising: allowing the access to the encrypted document by the application program to execute until a first system level operation executes; identifying the first system level operation as executing due to the application program requesting access to the encrypted document; and preventing the first system level operation from executing; determining at a policy enforcer executing at the second device whether the request to access the file at the second application program should be granted; and if the request to access the file at a second application program is granted, preparing the document content portion.

19. The method of claim 13 wherein accessing the encrypted document comprises at least one of opening the encrypted document or reading a content of the encrypted document.

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29. The modular learning device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the indicator is provided with each question near corresponding zone.

1. A modular learning device comprising of: a base board having a frame with plurality of sides, a complementary joining construction on sides of the base board, a front plane, a rear plane, a network of tracks having a spinal track, several dormant tracks, several solution tracks, several parking tracks, the dormant tracks and the parking tracks and the solution tracks are connected to the spinal track, a recess, wherein some parking tracks are also solution tracks; a plurality of sliding blocks having a tread, a stopper and a shaft, the shaft having a first end and a second end; and a plurality of wisdom cards having an identifier section, a margin having up to same number of sides as the base board, a plurality of zones in the margin, a middle area and corresponding solutions in the zones randomly, a solution code for problems or situations, each wisdom card containing different problems or situations on a plurality of subjects, an indicator for each problem or situation, wherein the indicator is a hint or a prompt to arrive at correct provided solution; different base boards unifiable by the complementary joining construction on the sides of the base board, the plurality of wisdom cards mounted, either one at a time, or in combination, one in each recess of the base board, the plurality of sliding blocks mounted on the base board with the head on the front plane of the base board and the stopper on the rear plane of the base board, the plurality of sliding blocks can move freely in the network of tracks and cannot get dislodged unless the stopper is separated or manoeuvred using a minimum force.

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8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: receiving a search query comprising a parent term of the hierarchical graph; identifying one or more child terms of the parent term; and searching the corpus using the parent term and the one or more child terms.

1. A method comprising: accessing a corpus stored in one or more tangible media, the corpus comprising a plurality of terms; performing the following for each term of one or more terms of the plurality of terms to yield a plurality of parent-child relationships: identifying one or more parent terms of the each term according to directional affinity, the plurality of terms comprising the one or more parent terms, the directional affinity being the number of co-occurrence contexts that include two terms, over the number of co-occurrence contexts that include one term; and establishing one or more parent-child relationships from the one or more parent terms and the each term; and automatically generating a hierarchical graph from the plurality of parent-child relationships, wherein the automatically generating the hierarchical graph from the plurality of parent-child relationships comprises reducing the hierarchical graph by: identifying a parent-child relationship and a redundant parent-child relationship of the hierarchical graph; and removing the redundant parent-child relationship from the hierarchical graph.

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10. The system of claim 9 , further comprising: an output manager configured to output the second variant of the training example.

9. The system of claim 8 , further comprising: a translation unit configured to translate the output to a second output; and a translation unit configured to translate the second output to a second variant of the training example.

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27. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 26 wherein the at least one seed value for query generation comprises a context query having at least one query criteria.

26. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 23 wherein the at least one query generation criteria comprises at least one seed value for query generation.

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2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the prior query information comprises at least one of default query statements, basic query statements, or previously submitted queries.

1. A computer-implemented method for providing a query suggestion, the method comprising: detecting access at a data source; collecting non-query data based on the detected access, the non-query data comprising metadata describing identity data, profile data, or contextual information; determining an initial query suggestion for a query of the data source based on the non-query data, the determining comprising: comparing the non-query data to prior query information; determining that at least a portion of the non-query data is associated with a portion of the prior query information; and generating the initial query suggestion based, at least in part, on the portion of the prior query information; returning the initial query suggestion; receiving an indication of action on the initial query suggestion; determining an additional query suggestion for the query for the data source, the query comprises data indicative of at least a portion of a query statement; and returning the additional query suggestion.

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8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising refining the subimage.

7. A method, comprising: extracting a subimage from a received image comprising information pertaining to a plurality of numerical characters, wherein the extracted subimage is associated with one of the plurality of numerical characters; and performing recognition based at least in part on a set of topological information associated with the subimage, including: processing the subimage to obtain the set of topological information associated with the subimage, wherein the processing of the subimage includes: obtaining the set of topological information by extracting one or more vertices and one or more edges associated with the subimage; and determining whether a closed ring associated with at least a portion of the one or more vertices and at least a portion of the one or more edges exists, wherein the determining whether the closed ring exists comprises: proceeding from a first filled in pixel to a second filled in pixel, the second filled in pixel being adjacent to the first filled in pixel; proceeding from the second filled in pixel to a third filled in pixel repeatedly until the first filled in pixel is reached, the third filled in pixel being adjacent to the second filled in pixel; and in the event that the first filled in pixel is reached: associating a point within the closed ring as representing the closed ring; and adding a location of the point representing the closed ring to the set of topological information; comparing the set of topological information associated with the subimage with a preset set of stored topological information; determining that in the event that the set of topological information associated with the subimage matches the preset set of stored topological information, the subimage is associated with a recognized numerical character associated with the preset set of stored topological information.

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12. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the aligning uses Multiple Sequence Alignment algorithms to perform alignment.

11. The system according to claim 9 , wherein the generating of the confusion network further comprises aligning, using dynamic programming approximation, tokens of normalized hypotheses based on time information and grapho-phonetical information associated with tokens of the normalized hypotheses.

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7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rendered document comprises a printed document.

1. A method comprising: receiving, at a server device, a sequence of characters optically or acoustically captured from a rendered document by a capture device remote from the server device; identifying, using the server device, a document that includes a sequence of characters that matches the captured sequence of characters; identifying, using the server device, a position, within the identified document, of the sequence of characters that matches the captured sequence of characters; and identifying, using the server device, a word, phrase or symbol that is within the sequence of characters at the identified position within the identified document and that is associated with an action.

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15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising: editing the candidate report in response to the relevance failing to exceed the predetermined value by adding text to the candidate report, creating an updated candidate report, and further comprising: executing the one or more queries on the updated candidate report to determine the relevance of the updated candidate report, and storing the updated candidate report in the report database if the relevance exceeds the predetermined value.

17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising: determining the added text based on prior knowledge of a search retrieval algorithm used to execute the one or more queries.

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20. The computing system of claim 18 , wherein the sixth software module is further configured to: format the answer in accordance with the selected report template.

18. The computing system of claim 17 , further comprising a sixth software module executed on the at least one processor and the at least one memory architecture, wherein the sixth software module is configured to process the result record set to define an answer to the natural language query.

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7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising: a parser configured to organize the one or more conditions into respective one or more tree-based hierarchical structures defining how the one or more conditions are to be interpreted.

1. A system for monitoring processes of a distributed business application, the system comprising: at least one processor; at least one display screen connected with a computer that hosts an integration builder tool comprising a condition editor, the condition editor having a user interface, the user interface comprising an operator palette, an editor view, a condition variable view, a binding view, and a message log view, the editor view providing an editing area on a display in which to receive a text-based expression of one or more conditions related to a workflow of an executing business application process, the text-based expression including at least one variable, the one or more conditions being associated with respective one or more monitored events in the executing business application process and configured to provide corresponding alerts in the message log view when the respective one or more events are detected, the editing area further including the operator palette providing a plurality of operators for use in the text based expression of each of the one or more conditions, the condition editor displays a pop-up window including a list of all possible values, operators, parenthesis, or operands for insertion at a current cursor position while building the one or more conditions, a toolbar providing one or more editing tools for editing the text-based expressions to build complex conditions for monitoring the workflow of the business application process, the at least one variable being defined in the binding view and declared in the condition variable view, the one or more conditions depend on existence of at least one corresponding object within the distributed business application and upon deletion of the at least one object, the one or more conditions corresponding to the at least one object are deleted, wherein the condition editor highlights the at least one variable as a valid variable if the at least one variable is valid and the condition editor highlights the at least one variable as an invalid variable if the at least one variable is invalid, the binding view providing binding of values to the at least one variable, wherein a deletion or a modification of at least one variable is not allowed in the binding view, the condition editor having a functionality to provide at least one comment while writing one or more conditions, wherein the at least one comment is visible at a design time and has no impact at a runtime.

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1. A method for presenting an interactive audio publication to a user, the method comprising: enabling a subscriber to access a subscriber portal to generate a custom audio publication template used to generate an audio publication for the subscriber, the subscriber being a subscriber to the audio publication, said enabling comprising enabling the subscriber to define one or more custom audio publication templates, the custom audio publication templates being configured to be used to generate one or more custom audio publications from one or more source audio publications, and the custom audio publication templates including one or more custom sections, such that each custom section contains one or more audio content item assignment rules; receiving a plurality of content items that includes at least one text-based content item or speech-based content item; converting the received plurality of content items into corresponding audio content items that each include digital audio data corresponding to a spoken representation of a corresponding text-based content item or speech-based content item, and audio content item metadata indicating a structure of the included digital audio data, the audio content item metadata including a plurality of markers designating boundaries of a title segment, a summary segment, and a story body segment of an audio content item; assembling the audio publication from one or more of the audio content items according to the custom audio publication template, the audio publication being organized into one or more sections; generating audio publication metadata that defines a structure of the audio publication, said generating comprising customizing the audio publication metadata for at least one user; and distributing the audio publication to the subscriber for interactive presentation, the distributed audio publication including the audio publication metadata and the one or more audio content items.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said converting comprises: determining markers that designate word, sentence, and paragraph boundaries in a received content item; and including the determined markers in the audio content item metadata corresponding to the received content item.

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9. A computer program product, comprising a storage hardware device having stored therein computer usable instructions for transmitting an email message, the computer usable instructions, which when executed by a computer hardware system, cause the computer hardware system to perform: presenting, by an email client and to a user, a plurality of pre-defined attributes; receiving, from within the email client and from the user, a selection of at least two of the plurality of pre-defined attributes; receiving, from within the email client and for each of the at least two selected pre-defined attributes, a weight; forwarding, by the email client and using the at least two selected pre-defined attributes and associated selected weights, a query to an email server; receiving, from the email server and based upon the query, a plurality of contacts and associated contact email addresses; receiving, from within the email client, a selection of at least one of the plurality of contacts; and transmitting, to the selected at least one contact and by the email client, the email using an email address associated with each of the selected at least one contact.

10. The computer program product of claim 9 , wherein each of the received plurality of contacts includes a rating associated therewith, and the rating is based upon the at least two selected pre-defined attributes and the associated selected weights.

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3. The method recited in claim 1 wherein display means are provided for displaying a text image and for displaying a graphics image, said method further comprising the steps of: loading said bill of materials for display as text image on said display means; selecting text from said bill of materials text image; and importing selected text from said text image to said graphics image.

5. The method recited in claim 3 further comprising the steps of: modifying items in the text image of said bill of materials; updating said bill of materials stored in said graphics standard as a primitive text file; and using the primitive text file, updating, the indented bill of materials stored in said database.

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1. One or more non-transitory storage media storing instructions which, when executed by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform: accessing a plurality of public posts of user-generated textual content; wherein the plurality of public posts comprise a set of two of more posts from a same author; for each public post of the plurality of public posts of user-generated textual content, based at least in part on a word or phrase in the textual content of the public post, determining a degree to which the public post is associated with an entity; in response to a user's request for information about the entity, performing the steps of: selecting a set of public posts from the plurality of public posts that are predicted to be associated with the entity; and causing concurrent display, to a user other than the entity, of the selected set of public posts and information retrieved about the entity.

6. One or more non-transitory storage media as recited in claim 1 , wherein determining the degree to which the public post is associated with the entity is based at least in part on one or more attributes of the entity, wherein the one or more attributes comprise one or more of: a name or nickname of the entity, a physical location of the entity, a category of the entity, a word or phrase associated with the entity, a user or set of users associated with the entity, or another entity associated with the entity.

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16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising: determining whether the identified portion of the unstructured information of the execution trace satisfies at least one condition.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining a system test result using the at least one structured term comprises: parsing the unstructured information of the execution trace using the at least one structured term to identify thereby a portion of the unstructured information of the execution trace.

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19. The one or more non-transitory, machine-readable media of claim 17 , said operations further comprising: detecting usage of a tag in the message; and assigning a value to the loyalty points based on the usage of the tag.

17. One or more non-transitory, machine-readable storage media having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a set of one or more processors causes the set of one or more processors to perform operations comprising: detecting a publication of a message that was published via a social-communication mechanism, detecting that the message originated from a social networking account that is associated with a player account controlled, at least in part, via a wagering game server; performing analysis of the message, determining, via the analysis of the message, that the message contains at least one promotional phrase from a list of promotional phrases that promote a wagering game venue, awarding loyalty points in response to said detecting that the message contains the at least one promotional phrase, and assigning a value to the loyalty points based on a condition associated with the publication of the message.

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3. The computer implemented service of searching documents as defined in claim 2 , wherein the client sends the second search input corresponding to said summary reflecting a user's evaluation of the summary to a second server where said second document database is stored; the second server calculates the second weight of each term; the second server finds out the relevance of each document derived from the second document database; and the client receives the search result from the search of said second document database in accordance with the relevance.

2. The computer implemented service of searching documents as defined in claim 1 , wherein the client transmits the set of said at least one document selected via said interface to a first server where said first document database is stored, receives the weighted term list from said first server, sends the second search input to a second server where said second document database is stored, and receives the result from the second search of said second document database.

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1. A processor implemented method for speech recognition of a speech signal comprising: within a processor: providing at least one codebook comprising codebook entries, in particular, multivariate Gaussians of feature vectors, that are frequency weighted; and processing the speech signal for speech recognition comprising: extracting at least one feature vector from the speech signal and matching the feature vector with the entries of the codebook; providing at least one additional codebook comprising codebook entries, in particular, multivariate Gaussians of feature vectors, without frequency weights; determining whether the speech signal corresponds to an utterance of a native speaker or to an utterance of a non-native speaker; and if it is determined that the speech signal corresponds to the utterance of a native speaker, using the at least one additional codebook comprising codebook entries without frequency weights for the speech recognition; or if it is determined that the speech signal corresponds to the utterance of a non-native speaker, using the at least one codebook comprising codebook entries that are frequency weighted for the speech recognition.

4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising: transforming the speech signal into a frequency domain, in particular, considering only the envelope of the speech signal; applying a MEL filterbank to the transformed speech signal and save the log value of each bank to derive a first representation of the speech signal; applying a Discrete Cosine Transform to the first representation of the speech signal to obtain a second transformed speech signal; applying a Linear Discriminant Analysis to the second transformed speech signal to obtain a third transformed speech signal; extracting at least one feature vector from the third transformed speech signal; and recognizing the speech signal by determining a best matching Gaussian of the codebook for the extracted at least one feature vector.

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5. A computer-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a computer to implement a control method for a document processing apparatus for searching a document from registered documents according to a plurality of search methods, the program comprising: an acquiring module for acquiring a plurality of character strings from a target document in the registered document; a receiving module for receiving an information which indicates a search method selected from the plurality of search methods by a user; an optimizing module for optimizing the acquired character strings to obtain blocks by joining at least two of the acquired character strings into one of the blocks or dividing at least one of the acquired character strings into some of the blocks according to the search method indicated by the information; a creating module for creating an index of the target document from each of the blocks optimized by said optimizing module; and a document searching module for performing a document searching process by using the created index.

6. The computer-readable storage medium as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the plurality of search methods include a first search method for searching a document based on a relation between words included in each of the character strings in the target document, and wherein by said optimizing module, the acquired character strings are optimized into first blocks each forming a sentence as the blocks, in the case where the first search method is selected by a user.

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10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which when executed by a computer cause the computer to: display a page including a plurality of selectable text objects on the touch screen; and suggest to a user a gesture associated with a selectable text object by displaying a suggested gesture direction, wherein the selectable text object is selected by performing the gesture on the surface of the touch screen, wherein the suggested gesture direction is indicated by a color-coded icon that indicates a gesture orientation using a color corresponding to the gesture orientation.

11. The computer-readable medium of claim 10 , wherein the suggested gesture direction can be normally hidden unless the user activates the display of the suggested direction.

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21. The system of claim 20 , wherein the computer program instructions for parsing the plurality of coding blocks of the picture comprise computer program instructions for: identifying a subset of coding blocks from the plurality of coding blocks; and storing identifiers of the subset of coding blocks in the list of identified coding blocks, wherein the list of identified coding blocks is stored in the data repository.

20. A computer system for transcoding a tile based video bitstream, the system comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer program instructions, executed by the processor, the computer program instructions comprising instructions for: receiving a picture of an input video bitstream, the picture comprising a plurality of coding blocks partitioned into a plurality of tiles, each tile comprising tile rows of coding blocks; parsing the plurality of coding blocks of the picture in a tile scan order to produce a plurality of subsets of entropy coding state data, each subset of entropy coding state data associated with a corresponding tile row of coding blocks of each tile; generating a list of identified coding blocks in the tile scan order based on the parsing of the plurality of coding blocks, wherein the list of identified coding blocks includes a plurality of identifiers, each identifier associated with a corresponding first coding block of each tile row of coding blocks of each tile, each identifier indicating a position of the corresponding first coding block in the input video bitstream; storing the plurality of subsets of entropy coding state data and the list of identified coding blocks in a data repository, wherein each identifier of the list of identified coding locks is associated with a corresponding subset of entropy coding state data; parsing the same plurality of coding blocks of the picture in a raster scan order by using the list of identified coding blocks and the plurality of subsets of entropy coding state data stored in the data repository to produce a first portion of a parsed video bitstream, wherein the parsing the same plurality of coding blocks comprises: sorting the list of identified coding blocks into the raster scan order, wherein a sequence of tile rows in the raster scan order corresponds to a full row of coding blocks that spans the picture, and for each tile row in the full row of coding blocks that spans the picture: identifying a present identifier from the sorted list of identified coding blocks that corresponds to a present position in the input video bitstream, restoring a selected subset of entropy coding state data that corresponds to the present identifier, and decoding syntax elements of a set of coding blocks that correspond to a present tile row using the selected subset of entropy coding state data.