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9. The method set forth in claim 1 wherein: the act of providing the referential integrity constraint includes specifying that no modification is to be performed in the relational database management system.

1. A method of enforcing a referential integrity constraint between a constraint set and a constrained object in a relational database management system, the constraint set and the constrained object having values that are terms of an ontology and the method comprising the steps performed in the relational database management system of: receiving an ontology query, wherein the ontology query returns a set of terms of the ontology as the constraint set to be used to define the referential integrity constraint, wherein different constraint sets having different sets of terms can be derived by querying the same ontology; providing the referential integrity constraint for the constrained object, the constrained object comprising a constrained column that is defined in the relational database management system and the act of providing comprises: making a term object with a column wherein values in the column being the members of the returned set of terms; and using the column of the term object to define the referential integrity constraint for the constrained object; when an operation in the relational database management system adds a term to the constrained object, permitting the operation only if the added term belongs to the constraint set; and when a modification is performed on the ontology in the relational database management system that results in a different set of terms being returned by the ontology query, altering one or more values in the constrained object that are not contained in the different set of terms.

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23. The method of claim 19 , further comprising: receiving an indication for including an audio file of the voicemail message with the portion of the information; and transmitting the indication for including the audio file to the server for delivery of the audio file to the intended recipient with the portion of the information.

19. A method, comprising: receiving, via a processor and from a server, information associated with a voicemail message, wherein the information includes a transcript and a transcript index that are generated from the voicemail message, and wherein each respective word the voicemail message is indexed relative to an occurrence in time of the respective word in the voicemail message, to yield the transcript index; displaying, at a graphical user interface, the information associated with the voicemail message; receiving a selection of a portion of the information via the graphical user interface, wherein the selection of the portion of the information includes selection of a portion of the transcript; and transmitting the portion of the information to an intended recipient, wherein the portion of the information is identified based on the transcript index.

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1. A method for use in managing knowledge-based authentication systems, the method comprising: evaluating questions based on a set of parameters, each question being associated with a ranking value, wherein the questions are created from organization based information gathered from a set of distributed organizational information sources under control of an organization, wherein the set of parameters include user configuration information provided by a user, the user being a part of the organization, wherein the user configuration information indicates types of questions suitable for a use case scenario, historical information associated with questions and facts used previously for authenticating the user, and feedback information indicating how a user responds to each question presented to the user, wherein the historical information is stored in a velocity database, wherein the organization based information includes information that is private and confidential to the organization, wherein the organization based information is gathered periodically; based on the evaluation, selecting a set of questions from the questions and a set of responses for each question of the set of questions for the use case scenario based on respective ranking value associated with each question and quality of facts used for creating the questions, wherein the quality of a fact determines a quality of a question created from the fact, wherein the quality of a question indicates whether the question is suitable for authenticating the user, wherein a question of a high quality is considered suitable for authenticating the user and a question of a low quality is not considered suitable for authenticating the user, wherein the user is authenticated in the use case scenario by a knowledge-based authentication system using the set of questions, wherein the knowledge-based authentication system includes a question picker component providing a respective ranking value for each question based on the historical information, wherein the question picker component selects the set of questions with highest ranking values based on the use case scenario, wherein the use case scenario is associated with a risk level and configuration information, wherein the set of questions are selected based on the risk level associated with the use case scenario, wherein the use case scenario is configurable and specified by the user; and updating the historical information of the velocity database for adaptively improving the selection of the set of questions, wherein a velocity of a fact indicates historical information associated with the fact indicating how recently the fact has been used to previously authenticate the user.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: using history of the questions for selecting the set of questions; and updating the history based on a set of criteria, wherein the set of criteria includes history of facts used for creating the questions, history of a type of the questions, history of incorrect responses, and fraudster behavior pattern.

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9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the hearing prosthesis is switchable between the stimulation-on mode and the stimulation-off mode by the recipient.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hearing prosthesis has a stimulation mode that switches between a stimulation-on mode in which the hearing prosthesis is set to stimulate the physiological system of the recipient in accordance with the audio input and a stimulation-off mode in which the hearing prosthesis is set to not stimulate the physiological system of the recipient in accordance with the audio input, and wherein generating the data representing the determined linguistic characteristics comprises: basing the data at least in part on the stimulation mode of the hearing prosthesis.

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19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the categorization scheme includes a hierarchical structure of one or more of the favorite categories.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the favorite categories represent a categorization scheme.

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26. The computer program product as recited in claim 15 , wherein said computer comprises a node within a plurality of nodes interconnected by a network allowing said first entity and said second entity to be located on differing nodes while interacting over said network.

15. A computer program product having a computer readable medium tangibly embodying computer readable program code for instructing a computer to perform a method for providing a referential interface to enable commercial interaction between entities in a computerized marketplace, said method comprising the program steps of: creating a profile document between a first entity and a second entity containing correspondence information for said second entity; creating a stipulations document associated with said profile document, containing business processes to be followed in said interaction; creating a command reference document associated with said stipulations document, referencing commands representing business logic of said second entity in support of said processes; and integrating said second entity into said marketplace by deploying said profile document in said computerized marketplace to enable said commercial interaction between said first entity and said second entity.

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8. The method of claim 1 wherein the textual characteristics comprises length of text, amount of text, ratio of text to multimedia files, or continuity of the text.

1. A method comprising: receiving one or more indications of an occurrence of one or more browser events; determining, whether one or more webpage portions associated with the one or more browser events are to be analyzed for topic association, based on one or more temporal factors and textual characteristics associated with the one or more webpage portions, said temporal factors comprising a determination as to whether the one or more web page portions have been processed within a given time frame; analyzing the one or more webpage portions associated with the browser event where it is determined that the one or more webpage portions are to be analyzed, said analyzing comprising downloading a webpage portion from at least one website, extracting a text portion from the webpage portion and associating, in response to extracting the text portion, at least one topic from the text portion; storing the one or more analyzed webpage portions and the one or more indications of an occurrence of the one or more browser events in a database; aggregating, in response to receiving a query, a first set of analyzed webpage portions associated with a first website and a second set of analyzed webpage portions associated with at least one second, unaffiliated website, wherein the aggregated first set of analyzed webpage portions is associated with a set of publisher-specific metadata and the aggregated second set of analyzed webpage portions is associated with a set of anonymous metadata; comparing the aggregated first set of analyzed webpage portions and the aggregated second set of analyzed webpage portions; generating a comparison result, comprising the aggregated first set of analyzed webpage portions and the aggregated second set of analyzed webpage portions in response to the comparison; generating a set of recommended content associated with the comparison result; and transmitting the comparison result and the set of recommended content in response to the query.

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23. The system for classifying text of claim 21 , wherein the real-time feedback comprises a reply to the suggested action, the suggested action comprising the response or a link to a web-resource.

21. The system for classifying text of claim 19 , wherein the statistical engine is further configured to receive real-time feedback to adapt the statistical information provided to one or more learning nodes of the set of learning nodes.

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1. A computer program product, comprising a computer-readable storage medium including computer-readable instructions embodied therein, that when executed by one or more processors, implement a method for the retrieval, analysis and display of electronically tagged financial data, the instructions comprising: an integrated file access component, analysis component and presentation component for accessing, analyzing and presenting electronically tagged financial data within the application; the file access component comprising: one or more user selection modules for selecting a plurality of files, the files including at least electronically tagged financial data which adhere to different taxonomies that are associated with the same type of content, the analysis component comprising: one or more analysis modules for calculating at least a first common analysis measure for comparison and analysis of electronically tagged financial data from a first file which adheres to a first taxonomy and corresponding electronically tagged financial data from a second file which adheres to a second taxonomy that are associated with the same type of content, including (i) a first formula having components based on the first taxonomy for calculating the first common analysis measure from electronically tagged financial data from the first file, and (ii) a second formula having components based on the second taxonomy for calculating the first common analysis measure from electronically tagged financial data from the second file, wherein the first common analysis measure comprises an analytical metric not present in either the first file or the second file; and the presentation component comprising: one or more presentation modules for presenting information associated with the selected files, the presented information including data elements and a calculation of at least the first common analysis measure automatically formatted according to presentation information associated with the selected files so as to provide simultaneous line-by-line display of at least the first calculated common analysis measures that correspond to different taxonomies and another calculated common analysis measure.

9. The computer program product of claim 1 , further comprising a multiple document interface for displaying and navigating the presented information.

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6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first set of text labels is generated using an image patch labeler.

1. A computer implemented method comprising: obtaining, by one or more computers and for a first object in an image, a first set of text labels using visual data extracted from the image; obtaining, by the one or more computers and for a second object in the image, a second set of text labels using the visual data extracted from the image; generating, by the one or more computers and for various pairs of text labels, a relation score based on a number of co-occurrences of the text labels in text of web pages, wherein each pair of text labels includes a text label from the first set and a text label from the second set; and labeling, by the one or more computers, the image with a given pair of text labels, from among the various pairs of text labels, based on solving a global optimization problem utilizing at least the relation score, wherein the relation score for the given pair of text labels meets a specified threshold relation score.

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1. A method of operating a processing system that includes one or more processors, a storage subsystem including at least memory, and a display device, the method comprising: (a) presenting a user interface to a human user on the display device, the user interface being for accepting a free text message; (b) accepting free-text from the user via the user interface into the storage subsystem; (c) converting the accepted free-text to form or to modify structured message components related to the accepted free-text, the structured message components stored in the storage subsystem; (d) presenting to the user on a structured message user interface on the display device the structured data components related to the accepted free-text, such that the user can modify or accept the structured message components; (e) accepting from the user the user's modification into the storage subsystem and/or acceptance of the presented structured message components until structured message components related to the accepted free-text are accepted; (f) repeating some or all of steps (b), (c), (d), and (e) until a composite message comprising both free-text and structured data is formed such that the structured data represents the intended meaning of the free-text in a form understandable by a computer-based management system; (g) storing the structured data in a data structure in the storage subsystem, and (h) electronically communicating the structured data of the composite message to at least one computer-based management system and, in the case that there is at least one human recipient, communicating at least the free-text of the composite message to the at least one human recipient.

4. A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the communicating of at least the free-text of the composite message to the at least one human recipient is as an electronic message containing the at least free-text, wherein the user interface includes an electronic message user interface, and wherein the structured message user interface and the electronic message user interface are presented to the user such that the user can view both the accepted free-text and the structured data related to the accepted free-text.

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2. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising: identifying at least one attribute of the multiple statements; and using the digital processor to digitally sign a value dependent upon both of the aggregate hash value and the attribute.

1. A method of processing information representing a graph, comprising: serializing each of multiple statements; using a digital processor to independently compute a hash value for each of the multiple statements; and applying a commutative function to each hash value, to obtain an aggregate hash value representing all of the multiple statements.

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3. The content addressable memory cell apparatus of claim 2 , wherein a ‘0’ bit-state is written by making (SrL, BL)=(1,0), and wherein an ‘1’ bit-state is written by making (SrL, BL)=(0,1).

2. The content addressable memory cell apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a write operation is performed by turning on a first transistor of the plurality of transistors, turning off at least one of the other transistors of the plurality of transistors, and shifting the domain walls of the DW-MTJs through operations of the sourceline and the bitline.

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1. A computer-implemented navigation system, comprising: a segmentation component for grouping instructions into multiple segments, the instructions providing a route for navigating geographically from a starting location to an ending location; a decision component for processing one or more factors to determine suitability for abbreviating the instructions of the one or more of the segments; and an abbreviation component for abbreviating the instructions of the one or more segments based on the one or more factors.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the multiple segments include a start segment, end segment, and one or more middle segments.

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18. The computer-readable memory device of claim 7 , where at least one instruction of the one or more instructions, to identify the second set of documents, includes: one or more instructions to collect information from a query history or document browsing history associated with the user; and one or more instructions to identify the second set of documents based on the collected information.

7. A computer-readable memory device containing instructions for controlling at least one processor, the instructions comprising: one or more instuctions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: receive a search query from a user; perform, based on the search query, a search of information regarding a corpus of documents to identify a ranked set of search result documents; identify a first set of documents, each document in the first set of documents being ranked higher than a threshold based on a global document ranking algorithm; identify a second set of documents associated with preferences of the user, the second set of documents being identified based on a query history or document browsing history associated with the user; generate an intersection set, documents in the intersection set being common to both the first set and the second set; identify at least one document in the intersection set that includes a link to a particular document in the ranked set of search result documents; re-rank, in the ranked set of search result documents, the particular document based on at least one weight assigned to the at least one document to form a re-ranked set of search result documents; and provide information associated with the re-ranked set of search result documents to the user.

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14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10 wherein the user input requests omission of repeated information from speech content delivered to the user device.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: generate a speech segment from one or more text strings describing or identifying a media asset having audio data distinct from the generated speech segment; obtain user input requesting a variation in speech delivery accompanying the media asset; in response to the user input, customize the speech segment by modifying selected portions of the speech segment at a server device, wherein the customizing further comprises: automatically detecting one or more repeated portions in the speech segment; and automatically modifying the speech segment by performing one or more of: (1) omitting at least one of the repeated portions from the speech segment, (2) using faster speech patterns for at least one of the repeated portions, (3) shortening breaks between words in at least one of the repeated portions, and (4) truncating one or more phrases in at least one of the repeated portions; and provide the customized speech segment from the server device to a user device for playback with the media asset.

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1. A computer-implemented method comprising: obtaining training data including; for each of one or more original queries: (i) one or more features of the original query, (ii) one or more features of a revised query which was generated by a query revisor for the original query, and (iii) a label indicating whether the revised query is a successful revision of the original query; training, using the training data obtained for each of the one or more original queries that includes, for each respective original query, (i) the one or more features of the original query, (ii) the one or more features of the revised query which was generated by the query revisor for the original query, and (iii) the label indicating whether the revised query is a successful revision of the original query, a predictive model for predicting a likelihood that a given revised query is a successful revision of a given original query; and after receiving a particular original query, (a) using the predictive model to predict a likelihood that a particular revised query is a successful revision of the particular original query, and (b) determining whether to submit the particular revised search query to a search engine based on the likelihood.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein: the particular original query is not included among the one or more original queries, and the particular revised query is not included among the revised queries which were obtained for each of the one or more original queries.

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9. A method for locating text in a digital image, said method comprising: receiving a first plurality of candidate components; filtering said first plurality of candidate components based on component properties, thereby producing a second plurality of candidate components; forming a first plurality of text lines from said second plurality of candidate components; filtering said first plurality of text lines based on a first text-line property associated with text-line length, wherein said filtering said first plurality of text lines based on a first text-line property associates a membership value with each text line in said first plurality of text lines, thereby producing a first plurality of membership values; filtering said first plurality of text lines based on a second text-line property associated with text-line orientation, wherein said filtering said first plurality of text lines based on a second text-line property associates a membership value with each text line in said first plurality of text lines, thereby producing a second plurality of membership values; and combining said first plurality of membership values and said second plurality of membership values to locate said plurality of text components associated with said digital image.

11. A method as described in claim 9 , wherein: said membership values in said first plurality of membership values are hard membership values; and said membership values in said second plurality of membership values are hard membership values.

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1. A cellular phone with scanning capability, comprising: an antenna for receiving and transmitting modulated wireless signals; received signal processing circuitry for demodulating the modulated wireless signals received by the antenna; output circuitry for transforming the demodulated signals into output data signals for presentation to a user; input circuitry for transforming input from the user into input data signals; input data signal processing circuitry for modulating the input data signals into modulated wireless signals for transmission by the antenna; scanner optics including an array of photosensing elements for detecting light reflected from scanned media; a motion sensor for detecting positional motion of the scanner optics relative to the scanned media; scanner control circuitry for generating light intensity data signals based on reflected light detected by the array of photosensing elements, and for generating positional data signals based on positional motion detected by the motion sensor circuitry; and scanner data signal processing circuitry for processing the light intensity data signals in coordination with the positional data signals to provide image data signals representative of the scanned media; wherein the scanner data signal processing circuitry and the input data signal processing circuitry are coupled and configured to enable transmission by the antenna of modulated wireless signals representative of the image data signals; the scanner data signal processing circuitry comprises circuitry configured with optical character recognition capability to provide image data signals representative of text data in the scanned media, and with text-to-speech conversion capability to convert the text data representative image data signals to voice audio signals representative of the text data in spoken form; and the input data processing circuitry comprises circuitry for modulating the voice audio signals for transmission of modulated wireless signals representing the spoken text data by the antenna.

14. The cellular phone of claim 1 , wherein the array of photosensing elements comprises a linear array of photosensing elements; and the scanner data signal processing circuitry is configured with a capability to provide composite image data signals representative of a composite bit-mapped image of the scanned media from successive image data signals representative of successive strip field of views of the scanned media seen by the linear array.

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1. A display control apparatus comprising: a storage section that stores a plurality of data items; a display device that has a display area of a predetermined width for displaying character strings identifying individual ones of the plurality of data items stored in said storage section; a comparison section that compares a necessary display width of each of the character strings and a width of the display area of said display device; a determination section that determines, for each of the character strings having been judged as having a necessary display width greater than the width of the display area of said display device as a result of comparison by said comparison section, whether or not the character string contains a particular character string portion uniquely different between character strings of the plurality of data items; and a display control section that causes said display device to display a list of the character strings identifying the individual data items stored in said storage section, and that, for each of the character strings having been determined by said determination section as containing the particular character string portion, performs control to display the character string in the list in a display style where at least the particular character string portion is left in the list with another part of the character string omitted from the list.

4. The display control apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the particular character string portion comprises a multi-digit numerical string.

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46. A system according to claim 41 , wherein said at least one device comprises means for delivering information about a musical background associated with said visual images to said handicapped person.

41. A system for communicating visual images to a handicapped person, said system comprising: at least one device for physically transmitting information about said visual images to said handicapped person; and said at least one device including means for delivering a physical signal representative of a key word associated with said visual images to a first part of a body of said handicapped person, wherein said at least one device further comprises means for delivering at least one physical input describing a dynamic element associated with said key word to a palm of said handicapped person; and wherein Dividing the fingers of a hand of said handicapped person into a first group consisting of a pointer finger and a middle finger and into a second group consisting of a ring finger and a pinky and said transmitting step comprises transmitting information about a bad character to one of said fingers of said first group and transmitting information about a good character to one of said fingers of said second group.

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9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the local sequence alignment algorithm used is the Smith-Waterman algorithm or variation thereof.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second unsupervised clustering includes agglomerative partitional clustering of said organization entities, said organization entities comprising constituent string tokens; wherein the threshold for the similarity of pairs of organization entities is a fixed value determined using edit distance; and wherein the threshold for similarity of constituent string tokens is a variable value determined using a local sequence alignment algorithm.

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3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more computing devices are further configured to generate the second knowledge with reference only to the first knowledge.

1. A system, comprising: a data store having a knowledge base stored therein comprising first knowledge represented in a structured, machine-readable format, the data store also having a plurality of generators stored therein, each generator including a fact pattern representing one or more characteristics of facts that can be generated by that generator, and code for generating the facts; and one or more computing devices configured to: generate second knowledge for inclusion in the knowledge base by inferring the second knowledge from the first knowledge using a first generator of the plurality of generators; determine that the second knowledge is not semantically contradicted by other knowledge in the knowledge base; store the second knowledge in the knowledge base in association with related knowledge information identifying the first knowledge from which the second knowledge was inferred; respond to a first query using the second knowledge, the first query having been received subsequent to storage of the second knowledge in the knowledge base; identify a second generator of the plurality of generators for which the included fact pattern is compatible with a second query; dynamically generate third knowledge not represented in the knowledge base in response to the second query by inferring the third knowledge from the second knowledge using the second generator; store the third knowledge in a cache; retrieve the third knowledge from the cache as part of recursive processing of the second query; respond to the second query using the third knowledge; determine that the first knowledge from which the second knowledge was inferred is no longer valid; and remove the second knowledge from the knowledge base using the related knowledge information.

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1. A combined computer/human method for automatically identifying actionable insights for a process, the method comprising: a computer system automatically and iteratively performing the steps of: calculating metrics for data within a data set, wherein the data in the data set was generated by the process; identifying norms for the process based on the calculated metrics; identifying potentially valuable patterns in the process, comprising: calculating metrics for different samples of the process, and identifying potentially valuable patterns in the process based on which samples of the process have calculated metrics that vary from the calculated metrics for the identified norms for the process, whereby the identified potentially valuable patterns are patterns in the process that may cause deviations from the norms for the process; requesting from statistically untrained humans feedback regarding whether the potentially valuable patterns are patterns that actually produce deviations from the norms; and receiving said feedback from the statistically untrained humans; and iteratively developing actionable insights for changing the process based on said steps taken by the computer system.

28. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of receiving feedback from statistically untrained humans comprises receiving a suggestion of experiments to gather additional data.

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1. A computer-readable storage device comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to: receive a concept hierarchy, wherein the concept hierarchy identifies concepts associated with a document corpus, wherein newly created documents are without user intervention added to the document corpus and deleted documents are without user intervention removed from the document corpus based on information from one or more monitoring agents; generate an interface based on the concept hierarchy, wherein the interface is operable to navigate, search, and modify the concept hierarchy; transmit the interface for display to a display device; receive a search query; and in response to the search query: search the document corpus using the search query; and search the concept hierarchy for one or more concepts that are semantically related to the search query.

2. The computer-readable storage device of claim 1 , wherein the interface is further operable to: receive a selection of a particular concept of the concept hierarchy; display portions of one or more documents of the document corpus that are associated with the particular concept; and identify one or more other concepts that are semantically related to the particular concept, wherein document search results from searching the document corpus are selectable to view documents of the document corpus that are associated with the document search results and wherein conceptual search results from searching the concept hierarchy are selectable to navigate the concept hierarchy and to view documents of the document corpus that are associated with the conceptual search results.

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11. An acoustic environment recognition device comprising: a second speech transformation unit that performs, on speech data as a recognition target acquired through the second environment factor of a given type, inverse transform of the variation indicated by the second variation model corresponding to the given type among second variation models obtained by the acoustic model learning device according to one of claim 1 ; a first speech transformation unit that sequentially performs, on speech data obtained by the second speech transformation unit, inverse transform of the variation indicated by each of first variation models obtained by the acoustic model learning device according to one of claim 1 and obtains a plurality of speech data; and an identification unit that identifies a type of the first environment factor through which the speech data as a recognition target has passed by using the plurality of speech data obtained by the first speech transformation unit and the environment-independent acoustic model obtained by the acoustic model learning device according to one of claim 1 .

12. The acoustic environment recognition device according to claim 11 , wherein the first environment factor is a speaker, and the second environment factor is a transmission channel.

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20. A word building system as recited in claim 14 , wherein to satisfy the condition further includes comparing whether count information associated with the first sequence of letters being followed by the second sequence of letters is greater than a threshold value.

14. A word building system, comprising: a device that includes at least a memory and a processor to implement a word building service that is configured to: receive letters to initiate segmentation into a first letter set and a second letter set, each of the first and second letter sets comprising one or more of the letters; determine a statistical relationship between the first letter set and the second letter set; determine whether the statistical relationship satisfies a condition; responsive to satisfying the condition, add a word composed of the first letter set and the second letter set into a data store associated with the device containing one or more words and one or more bigrams, each of the one or more words and one or more bigrams having associated count information, the one or more bigrams composed of a respective leading data word and one or more respective trailing data words; transform a leading data word of the first bigram and the word into a new bigram to add into the data store, the new bigram composed of: the leading data word of a first bigram as a leading data word of the new bigram; and the word as a trailing data word of the new bigram; compute updated count information for the new bigram using a proportional adjustment that describes a relationship between the word following the leading data word of the first bigram relative to the first letter set following the leading data word of the first bigram; and analyze received user generated content using the data store associated with the device to predict text associated with the user generated content.

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12. The computer-implemented method of claim 9 , wherein the input device comprises at least one of a touchscreen, a mouse, a stylus, a remote control, a video game controller, or a motion detector.

9. A computer implemented method comprising: under control of one or more computing devices, generating audio content based at least in part on textual content; causing output of the generated audio content; causing presentation of the textual content; maintaining synchronization between an output pointer of textual content being presented and an associated position of the generated audio content being output, wherein the associated position of the generated audio content advances during output of the generated audio content, and wherein the output pointer indicates a position within the textual content corresponding to a current output position of the generated audio content; obtaining an input pointer referencing a location within the textual content being presented from an input device; during advancement of the output pointer, determining, independent of the obtained input pointer, a position of the output pointer corresponding to the current output position of the generated audio content; determining a segment of textual content based at least in part on a difference between the determined position of the output pointer and the location within the textual content referenced by the input pointer; determining a length of time required to output audio content corresponding to the determined segment of textual content; and modifying an attribute associated with the output of the generated audio content based at least in part on the determined length of time.

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11. A method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising translating the locale template prior to processing the process control object for display.

1. A method to display localized process control objects, the method comprising: in response to a request to monitor a process control object associated with a process control system, selecting a device description file based on the process control object, the device description file including a first tag and instructions for displaying information generated by the process control object; selecting a set of locale templates based on a locale associated with the request, wherein each of the locale templates includes a reference to process control information; selecting a locale template from the set of locale templates by: determining which of the set of locale templates includes a second tag matching the first tag; identifying a type of the process control object; and matching the type to the locale template by identifying an indicator that specifies the locale template is configured to display the type of the process control object; and processing, via a logic circuit, the process control object for display by inserting portions of the selected locale template into the first tag in the device description file.

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20. The system of claim 18 , further comprising the signature database.

18. A system comprising: at least one processor device; at least one memory element; and a registration module comprising code executable by the at least one processor device to: monitor security of a plurality of registered digital documents in a system, the monitoring including determining whether signatures associated with the registered digital documents are included in data propagating in network traffic of the system; detect a particular signature of a particular document in the plurality of registered digital documents from the data propagating in the network; determine, based at least in part on the detecting, that detection of the particular signature exceeds a threshold detection rate for registered digital documents in the system, wherein the threshold detection rate comprises a threshold percentage of digital documents detected in the network traffic over a time period; remove the particular signature from a signature database based on determining that detection of the particular signature exceeds the threshold detection rate, wherein the signature database includes the signatures of the plurality of registered digital documents; and perform a security action to protect access to the registered digital documents, wherein the security action is not performed on the particular document based on removal of the particular signature from the signature database.

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1. A method for using a speech recognition system to recognize a user's utterance, comprising the steps of: converting the utterance into a signal; using a bio-signal derived from the user to produce a modified signal from said signal; and providing said modified signal to the speech recognition system.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of using said bio-signal to produce said modified signal comprises modifying a microphone's response to said utterance in response to said bio-signal.

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12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8 , wherein the identifying the further relationship is based on a textual similarity match of the first attribute with the second attribute.

8. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising: accessing a first attribute of a first item retrieved from the first query; accessing a second attribute of a second item retrieved from the second query; identifying a further relationship between the first attribute and the second attribute; relating the first query to the second query based on the identifying of the further relationship between the first attribute and the second attribute; and assigning a weight to the relationship between the first query and the second query that is derived from a weight assigned to the first attribute and a weight assigned to the second attribute.

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1. A voice messaging system for converting an audio voice message from a caller to text, the voice messaging system comprising: a plurality of conversion resources for converting the audio voice message into the text for an intended recipient, the plurality of conversion resources comprising: a network connection to a transcription service that uses at least one human operator to assist in converting the audio voice message into the text; at least one automatic speech recognition (ASR) system to automatically recognize at least some of the audio voice message to assist the at least one human operator in converting the audio voice message into the text; a pre-processing front end configured to: receive the audio voice message from the caller; optimize the quality of the audio voice message; determine a confidence level associated with converting the audio voice message; and determine an appropriate conversion strategy by selecting a particular conversion resource to process the audio voice message based on the confidence level, wherein determining the appropriate conversion strategy based on the confidence level comprises, if the confidence level is low, flagging the audio voice message as unconvertible and sending a notice that an unconvertible message was received; and a text output device configured to output the text.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein: the audio voice message is a voicemail intended for a mobile telephone; and the text output device sends the text to the mobile telephone for display on a screen of the mobile telephone.

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11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium configured to store instructions, the instructions when executed by a processor cause the processor to: receive, at an authorizing Domain Name System (DNS) system, a redirected target domain DNS query from a receiving email system, the redirected target domain DNS query generated by the receiving email system based on parsing Sender Policy Framework (SPF) macro statements in an email domain validation record generated by an email domain owner system and published as a DNS TXT record at the DNS server of the email domain owner system, the redirected target domain DNS query including identifying information of a delivering email system, the identifying information comprising at least one of an extended HELO (EHLO) name and an (Internet Protocol) IP address of the delivering email system; extract the identifying information from the redirected target domain DNS query; determine an identify of the delivering email system from a list of delivering organizations based on the extracted identifying information by accessing a database that associates at least one of an EHLO name and an IP address with delivering organizations to determine the identity of the delivering email system based on the identifying information; generate, in response to a determination that the identified delivering email system is authorized to deliver email on behalf of the email domain owner system, a target validation record, the target validation record including one or more SPF rules indicating that the delivering email system is an authorized sender of email for the email domain owner system; and transmit the target validation record to the receiving email system.

17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 11 , configured to store further instructions to generate the target validation record, that when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: access a records database that stores one or more target validation records for authorized delivering email systems, each target validation record including one or more rules indicating that a delivering email system is an authorized sender for the email domain owner system.

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12. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the information source comprises a text-based information source.

1. A computer-implemented method for aurally scrolling an information source, comprising: analyzing an information source; wherein the information source comprises a plurality of markup tags; wherein analyzing the information source comprises using the plurality of markup tags to identify a plurality of segments of the information source from which to derive corresponding marker texts; generating and storing, separate from the information source, a set of a plurality of marker texts based at least on the analyzing of the information source including generating each marker text in the set of marker texts based at least on an analysis of a corresponding segment, of the plurality of identified segments, of the information source; wherein the analysis of a particular segment, of the plurality of identified segments, corresponding to a particular marker text of the set of marker texts comprises applying a summarization technique to the particular segment to derive the particular marker text; wherein the analysis of the particular segment comprises determining a significance of the particular segment based at least in part on a relative amount of text content of the particular segment; generating and storing data that comprises, for each marker text in the set of marker texts, an association between the marker text and a location within the information source, the location corresponding to the segment of the information source that corresponds to the marker text; arranging the plurality of marker texts in a sequence, the particular marker text having an order in the sequence; wherein the order of the particular marker text in the sequence is dependent on the determined significance of the particular segment that was determined based at least in part on the relative amount of text content of the particular segment; initiating an aural presentation of the sequence, the aural presentation comprising computerized text-to-speech synthesis of at least a portion of the sequence; during the aural presentation of the sequence, receiving input while the particular marker text of the set of marker texts is being aurally presented; and in response to the input: ceasing the aural presentation of the particular marker text; inspecting the data to identify the location associated with the particular marker text; and initiating an aural presentation of the information source at the location associated with the particular marker text, the aural presentation comprising computerized text-to-speech synthesis of at least a portion of the information source; wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices.

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2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the matching function value is based upon a third product of a title weight and a title match scoring function value, the third product added to a fourth product of an author weight and an author match scoring function value.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the title match scoring function value is based upon a first count of a quantity of unigrams in a probe media item title parameter of the unstructured metadata that match unigrams in a reference media item title parameter of the structured metadata, the first count added to a fifth product of a bigram weight and a second count of a quantity bigrams in the probe media item title parameter that match bigrams in the reference media item title parameter.

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16. The method of claim 9 , further comprising collecting the extracted new named entity based on a heuristic threshold, wherein the new named entity is collected if the new named entity appears with at least a predefined number of unique contexts.

9. The method of claim 5 , further comprising generating training data, the generating comprising: scanning a data source for a first search query having the seed named entity; collecting the first search query having the seed named entity; identifying an associated context of the first search query having the seed named entity; scanning the data source for a second search query having the associated context; collecting the second search query having the associated context; and extracting a new named entity from the second search query having the associated context.

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11. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium storing a set of computer instructions for interacting with a user, wherein the set of computer instructions, when executed on a computer having access to an electronic knowledge database, causes the computer to, automatically: (a) generate a structured representation of a received user input; (b) compare the structured representation of the received user input with a plurality of expected user statement fields that are entries in the electronic knowledge database, and are associated with respective action fields specifying at least one action; and (c) when one of the plurality of expected user statements fields matches the structured representation of the received user input, cause the at least one action specified by the action field associated with the matching one of the plurality of expected user statement fields to be performed; further, the set of computer instructions, when executed on the computer, causes the computer to: (i) when a match is identified in part (c), generate a second structural representation of a second received user input; and (ii) compare the second structured representation of the second received user input with a second plurality of expected user statement fields that are entries in the electronic knowledge database and are associated with respective action fields specifying at least one action; (A) wherein the entries of the knowledge database are arranged in a hierarchical structure; (B) wherein each entry in the electronic knowledge database also comprises an associated identification field indicative of a position in the hierarchical structure; and (C) wherein all the positions indicated by the identification fields associated with the second plurality of expected user statement fields substantially match; and (iii) when one of the second plurality of expected user statements fields matches the second structured representation of the second received user input, cause the at least one action specified by the action field associated with the matching one of second plurality of expected user statement fields to be performed.

12. The storage medium of claim 11 wherein the at least one action in part (c) comprises a link to another of the plurality of knowledge database entries.

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1. A computer program product comprising one or more physical computer-readable hardware storage devices having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a computing system, cause the computing system to perform the following: an act of accessing a hierarchical structure of model elements, each element having an ancestral relationship status defined by the position of the each element in the hierarchical structure and parent-child associations of the each element and one or more other elements; for at least one of the model elements, an act of determining that the at least one model element should be changed from a first model element type to a second model element type, determining being at least in part behavior-based and based upon monitoring usage of the model elements; in response to the determination, an act of automatically changing the at least one model element from a first model element type to a second model element type and maintaining the ancestral relationship status of the changed at least one model element within the hierarchical structure of model elements such that the position in the hierarchical structure and parent-child associations of the at least one of the model elements are preserved for the changed at least one model element.

2. The computer program product in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the model elements are components of a computer program.

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3. The network device of claim 1 , wherein the content of the advertisement comprises at least one of a title of the advertisement, a description of the advertisement, or a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

1. A network device configured to send and receive data over a network, the network device comprising: at least one non-transitory storage medium comprising at least one set of instructions for feature expansions of online advertisements; at least one processor in communication with the at least one non-transitory storage medium and configured to execute the at least one set of instructions to: receive an advertisement with Ad keywords associated with the advertisement; segment content of the advertisement into a plurality of phrases; perform a semantic analysis to the plurality of phrases; select top-ranked phrases from the plurality of phrases based on the semantic analysis to form a reduced subset of phrases generate a query list having a plurality of queries by combining each phrase in the reduced subset of phrases that has less than a defined number of words with another independent phrase in the reduced subset of phrases to create queries comprising two or more words; for each query within the query list, perform an internet web search to identify a set of descriptions, each description describing a search result from the internet web search; select a second set of phrases denoted as a query expansion feature set for each query based on an analysis of the set of descriptions; rank the second set of phrases; generate an expanded Ad index, wherein to generate the expanded Ad index the at least one processor is configured to: select from the ranked second set of phrases a subset of phrases as an ad expanded feature set; and combine the ad expanded feature set with the Ad keywords associated with the advertisement; and when in receipt of a request to provide to a client device a second content for display, select an advertisement from a plurality of advertisements based on the expanded Ad index.

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6. The apparatus set forth in claim 1 , wherein the logic is further configured to access a database to select a social graph from the plurality of social graphs to search for the data representative of the called party to identify the called party.

1. An apparatus, comprising: an audio input configured to receive an audio signal representative of a voice input of an associated calling party; the audio input further configured to generate audio data corresponding to the received audio signal; a data interface configured to communicate with one or more associated social graphs, in accordance with an Application Programming Interface (API) corresponding thereto, via an associated internetworking system; and logic coupled with the audio input and the data interface; wherein the logic is configured to identify the calling party and a plurality of social graphs associated with the calling party; wherein the logic is configured to acquire data representative of a called party from the audio data, the data representative of the called party indicating a relationship between the calling party and the called party; wherein the logic converts the data indicating the relationship between the calling party and called party to a form that is compatible with one or more of the plurality of social graphs; wherein the logic initiates a session with the plurality of social graphs in accordance with an identity of the calling party; wherein the logic is configured to initiate, in accordance with a predetermined priority, a prioritized search of the plurality of social graphs associated with the calling party for the data representative of the called party to identify the called party responsive to acquiring the data representative of the called party, wherein the predetermined priority comprises one or more of a time of day, a social characteristic of social graphs of the plurality of social graphs, a business characteristic of social graphs of the plurality of social graphs, a favorite preference of the associated calling party, or a frequency of use by the associated calling party of social graphs of the plurality of social graphs.

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9. The application server according to claim 8 , wherein said actions, habits and preferences of said user are performed on a portable communication device.

8. The application server according to claim 1 , wherein said observed network behaviors are determined automatically based on actions, habits and preferences of each of said plurality of users.

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9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising: storing the document content section and the associated at least one pagination selector in the same location.

8. A method comprising: extracting content of a document, using a processor; dividing the extracted content into a plurality of document content sections based on metadata of the document; generating a parallel data structure for the plurality of document content sections based on a viewing size, wherein the parallel data structure comprises pagination selectors; and wherein at least one pagination selector is associated with a document content section of the plurality of document content sections.

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5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: receiving filtering data for the advertiser, the filtering data specifying a proper subset of templates that are eligible to be used for content item requests including a particular set of context data; and filtering the set of templates based on the filtering data and the particular set of context data.

1. A method performed by data processing apparatus, the method comprising: receiving a content item request that includes context data, the context data including at least one of user context data and resource context data, the user context data indicating a user group associated with a user to whom the requested content item will be presented, the resource context indicating a resource on which the content item will be presented; in response to receiving the content item request: identifying a content item that is eligible to be presented in response to the content item request; determining that the content item includes a template variable that is resolved based on the context data; identifying, based on the template variable, a template feed from which a template for the content item is to be selected, the template feed including a set of templates; for each particular template of the template feed: identifying a first performance measure that is based on a performance of the content item when the particular template has been used to create the content item for presentation in response to other content item requests that included a particular user attribute of the user context data; identifying a second performance measure that is based on a performance of other content items when the particular template has been used to create the other content items for presentation with the resource; and determining, for the particular template, a contextual performance measure using the first performance measure and the second performance measure; selecting, from the template feed and based on the contextual performance measure of each template in the template feed, a template for the content item; and populating the selected template with content for the content item to create a formatted content item; and providing the formatted content item in response to the content item request.

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17. A system for processing multimedia content, said system comprising: one or more processors operable to: extract one or more words from at least an audio stream associated with said multimedia content, wherein each of said one or more words has associated one or more timestamps indicative of temporal occurrences of each of said one or more words in said multimedia content; create a word cloud of said one or more words in said multimedia content based at least on a measure of emphasis laid on each of said one or more words in said multimedia content and said one or more timestamps associated with said one or more words, wherein at least a first dimension of said word cloud corresponds to a measure of temporal spread of each of said one or more words in said multimedia content; and present one or more multimedia snippets, of said multimedia content, associated with a word selected by a user from said word cloud, wherein each of said one or more multimedia snippets corresponds to said one or more timestamps associated with occurrences of said word in said multimedia content.

29. The system of claim 17 , wherein said one or more processors are further operable to change font size of said one or more words in said word cloud of said one or more words based on a frequency of occurrences of said one or more words in said multimedia content.

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5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the data excluding the feature is transmitted from the modified classifier to a child binary classifier if the score is less than the threshold associated with the child binary classifier.

1. A computer-implemented method for configuring a classifier structure, the method comprising: receiving, by a processor, a classifier structure for identifying one or more features of input data, the structure having a parent classifier trained as a binary classifier and a plurality of child binary classifiers, wherein the parent classifier is configured to identify one feature of interest by determining a numeric score representing a measure of a likelihood of the input data including the feature of interest; adding a plurality of thresholds to the parent classifier to generate a modified classifier, wherein each threshold is associated with a different child binary classifier and the plurality of thresholds control how data is distributed by the parent modified classifier to the child binary classifiers, wherein each threshold has a respective cost; and setting the plurality of thresholds to values different from one another to minimize the total cost based on the resources available to the child binary classifiers, wherein the modified classifier is configured to output data to each child binary classifier by comparing the determined score against the threshold associated with the corresponding child classifier, wherein the modified classifier includes at least two output branches for either outputting data excluding the feature or data including the feature to two child binary classifiers in parallel.

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15. The method of claim 14 , wherein weights may be different at different intervals of tine within the gesture.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein total variance rankings are calculated at different time intervals within the gesture.

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26. The system of claim 15 , wherein the user television equipment is further configured to display a program listing corresponding to the recommended program.

27. The system of claim 26 , wherein the user television equipment is further configured to display the program listing in an overlay over the currently viewed program.

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7. A system, comprising: one or more computers configured to perform operations comprising: identifying phrase candidates from text string entries; determining a similarity between one or more pairs of the phrase candidates, the determining based on one or more contexts for each phrase candidate of the pairs of phrase candidates, wherein the one or more contexts for a particular phrase candidate are features in one or more text string entries that contain the particular phrase candidate; clustering phrase candidates into one or more clusters based on the similarity determined between one or more pairs of phrase candidates; identifying, for the phrase candidates in the one or more clusters, one or more non-common features, wherein non-common features have relationships to particular phrase candidates such that the non-common features weaken the similarity between one or more pairs of phrase candidates in the one or more clusters; filtering the one or more non-common features from the respective phrase candidates in each cluster to generate filtered clusters; and determining a new similarity between the one or more pairs of the phrase candidates, the determining based on the one or more contexts for each phrase candidate of the pairs of phrase candidates in the generated filtered clusters.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the operations further comprise: identifying seed good phrases; and identifying one or more first phrase candidates of the phrase candidates as good phrases based on the new similarity between the one or more first phrase candidates with the seed good phrases.

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9. An interactivity creation and customization computer system as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the interactivity editor further includes the following selectors for selecting a parameter of the interactivity for modification: a tree view parameter selector for displaying a hierarchical representation of the parameters of the interactivity, a text view parameter selector for displaying textual description including hyperlinks to parameters of the interactivity, and a graphic view parameter selector for displaying a graphic view of the interactivity and enabling a user to select a parameter of the interactivity for customization, wherein the view generator parses the data XML component and populates the tree view parameter selector, said tree view parameter selector operating in coordination with the view generator, the selection controller, the form generator and the change controller.

7. An interactivity creation and customization computer system as claimed in claim 1 , herein the interactivity editor further comprises: a view generator, a selection controller, a form generator, and a change controller.

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16. A computer-accessible medium, comprising program instructions, wherein the program instructions are computer-executable to implement an automated localization mechanism configured to: extract localizable text strings to be translated into a language for which a software product is to be localized from one or more localizable files associated with the software product; search a localization database for translations of the extracted localizable text strings, wherein the localization database comprises text strings and associated translations of the text strings in the language for which the product is to be localized; write translations for the localizable text strings found in the database into localized versions of the localizable files at locations from which the corresponding localizable text strings were extracted such that the localized versions match an original file structure of the localizable files; and store the localized versions of the localizable files in file system locations in accordance with a file organization scheme for the product, wherein the localized versions of the localizable files in the file system locations have the original file structure and are ready for a final build into a localized version of the software product such that all translations in the localized versions relative to the localizable files are obtained by the program instructions performing said extracting, said searching, said writing and said storing.

20. The computer-accessible medium as recited in claim 16 , wherein the localization mechanism is further configured to operate on the localizable files independent of the particular file formats of the localizable files.

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16. The system of claim 11 , comprising a communications module to provide the modeled component to a runtime computing application.

17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the runtime application is for delivering rich web content.

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1. A method comprising: obtaining, by a computer system including one or more computers, a first set of test values, a second set of test values, and a third set of test values; receiving, by the computer system, text comprising characters represented as code point values, the characters identified as being in a first encoding format, each code point value representing one character in the text; and making a determination by the computer system that the text likely includes characters incorrectly converted from a second encoding format to the first encoding format, wherein making the determination includes (i) determining for a sequence of code point values consisting of a first code point value followed by a second code point value that the first code point value is in the first set of test values and that the second code point value is in the second set of test values, or (ii) determining for a sequence of code point values consisting of a first code point value followed by a second code point value followed by a third code point value that the first code point value is in the third set of test values, that the second code point value is in the second set of test values, and that the third code point value is in the second set of test values.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein making the determination includes the determining of step (i) and the determining of step (ii).

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1. A configurable gaming system, said system comprising: a data store comprising: read-only game execution information, said read-only game execution information including instructions approved by a regulatory authority to provide a gaming application playable by a player via a displayed interface; and a markup language file for formatting the displayed interface, said markup language file including static information and variable information defined by tokens, said tokens resolved based on token resolution information found external to said markup language file; and a processor facilitating play of said gaming application based on said read-only game execution information and said markup language file, wherein said processor resolves tokens in said markup language file using said token resolution information without modifying the read-only game execution information to generate a resolved markup language file forming a displayed interface for said gaming application, said processor dynamically updating said displayed interface based on token resolution information updated as a result of a change in at least one of a user, a game, and a game condition.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein said markup language file comprises a binary markup language file including tokens or other indicia for resolution.

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1. A computer implemented method, comprising: identifying that each of a plurality of documents are mature based on one or more signals associated with the documents; in response to identifying the documents as mature: storing, via one or more networks, edits to the documents in at least one database for defining edit rules based on the edits, wherein the edits are from a plurality of users and are made via user interface input provided via applications executing on computing devices of the users, wherein each of the edits identifies one of a plurality of pre-edit phrases and an associated one of a plurality of post-edit phrases, and wherein each of a plurality of the edits is based on a user implemented change of the one of the pre-edit phrases to the one of the post-edit phrases in one of the plurality of mature documents; determining an edit rule pre-edit phrase based on a set of one or more of the pre-edit phrases identified by the edits; determining one or more edit rule post-edit phrases based on one or more of the post-edit phrases associated with the set of the one or more pre-edit phrases; defining an edit rule that associates the edit rule pre-edit phrase with the edit rule post-edit phrases; storing the edit rule for automatically determining, for a future phrase conforming to the edit rule pre-edit phrase, a rephrasing of the future phrase based on at least one of the edit rule post-edit phrases; after storing the edit rule: identifying a current document being edited by a given user via a given application of a given computing device of the given user, identifying that a given phrase in the current document conforms to the edit rule pre-edit phrase of the edit rule, in response to identifying that the given phrase conforms to the edit rule pre-edit phrase, determining a candidate rephrasing of the given phrase based on the edit rule, the determining comprising determining the candidate rephrasing based on a given one of the edit rule post-edit phrases of the edit rule, in response to user interface input provided at the given computing device, providing the candidate rephrasing of the given phrase for presentation to the user.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more signals based on which at least one document of the mature documents is identified as mature include at least one of: a creation time of the document; an amount of time since the document was last modified; and a user associated with the document.

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14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a plurality of instructions stored thereon, the instructions being executable by a processing apparatus to operate a robot, the instructions configured to, when executed by the processing apparatus, cause the processing apparatus to: define a policy comprising a plurality of parameters configured to determine robot actions based at least in part on sensory-data inputs, wherein the policy maps the sensory-data inputs to robot actions; receive a first sensory-data input; perform a first robot action at a first action time, wherein the first action is determined based at least in part on the first sensory-data input and application of the policy; determine that a user input was received at an input time corresponding to the first action time, wherein a corrective command at least partially derived from the user input specifies a corrective robot action for physical performance, the user input being indicative of at least partial dissatisfaction with the first robot action; and modify the policy based on the corrective command and the first sensory-data input.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14 , wherein the instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing apparatus, determine a first context-variable value for a context variable, wherein the first context-variable value is determined from the first sensory-data input and the policy is further determined based at least in part on the context variable.

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2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the data model is provided as an ontology and comprises a plurality of interconnected data elements, data associated with each data element being provided in a respective data source of the disparate data sources.

1. A computer-implemented method of querying distributed data sources, the method being executed using one or more processors and comprising: receiving, by one or more processors, a query; identifying, by the one or more processors and based on the query, one or more relevant elements from an overall data model stored in computer-readable memory, the overall data model specifying relationships between classes, sub-classes and attributes, each relevant element being an element of the overall data model and being determined to be relevant to the query; identifying, by the one or more processors and using an adapter mapping, one or more adapters based on the one or more relevant elements, the adapter mapping associating each relevant element with a particular adapter, each adapter providing credentials for authenticating and authorizing access to the one or more data sources, and at least one adapter comprising a generic adapter configured to be specific to a data source type of the one or more data sources based on one or more configurations to associate data provided in a respective data source to the overall data model; querying, by the one or more processors and using the one or more adapters, one or more data elements in heterogeneous data sources of the disparate data sources, each adapter being specific to a data source of the one or more data sources; in response to querying, receiving, at the one or more adapters, one or more data results; transforming, by the one or more processors, each data result of the one or more data results into a unified data format to provide respective one or more transformed data results; storing the one or more transformed data results in a temporary data store; and querying the temporary data store based on the query to generate a result.

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4. The computerized EDS server of claim 2 , wherein the computer processor in the EDS server: randomly generates a set of colors to be added to the document index, whereby the infusion of colors increases the security of documents that contain a small number of keywords.

6. The computerized EDS server of claim 4 , wherein the coloring algorithm comprises generating a set of color tags computed for the encrypted document file that is associated with a first user, wherein the color tags are stored in the metadata field of the encrypted document file, and computes a second set of color tags for a second user with whom the encrypted document file is to be shared.

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21. The message processing method as set forth in claim 16 wherein said message decoding step comprises the steps of: when message data is applied, first reading and storing an index field, decoding the contents of the index field to obtain an index value, initializing a variable indicative of a choice number to 0, scanning a subsequent node of the parse tree, examining whether said variable and the index value are equal and if the two values are not equal, adding 1 to said variable to again return to scanning of a subsequent node of the parse tree, and when said variable and the index value are equal, decoding the element in question.

16. A message processing method of sending and receiving a message composed of one or more elements between different kinds of devices and processing the message, comprising the steps of: holding a parse tree generated from syntax descriptions defining structure of a message sent or received; as message data to be processed is applied, scanning said parse tree to encode and decode a value and outputting encoded and decoded values; processing a preamble field of a message for use in indicating whether an element exists or not in message data sent or received; and processing an index field of a message for use in indicating what number of element is selected in message data whose one of a plurality of elements is selected to be sent or received.

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1. A method of delivering directions to a mobile device, the method comprising: communicating with the mobile device over a communications network; in response to a request from the mobile device for directions, determining a list of turn-by-turn directions to a location based on content relating to the location to be transmitted to the mobile device; determining an optimization constraint associated with at least one of the mobile device and the request; determining optional selectable content to include with the directions to be transmitted to the mobile device based on at least the optimization constraint; and transmitting the list of turn-by-turn directions to the mobile device.

3. A method as in claim 1 wherein the mobile device is a cellular telephone.

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9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the associated data further comprises auxiliary parameters for continuing clustering by the second entity.

1. A computer implemented method for co-operative learning by at least a first entity supporting a first rule based system and a second entity supporting a second rule based system, the method comprising: the first entity generating a rule base from input data supplied from at least one input and having recursion data used to recursively update the rule base as a result of newly received input data; the first entity sending rule data defining at least one rule of the rule base of the first entity and associated data, including the recursion data, to the second entity; the second entity determining whether to update the rule base of the second entity using the transmitted rule data, and if so then using the recursion data to recursively determine the updated rules for its rule base.

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3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one keyword comprises an address or a name of a business identified as local to the geographic location data.

1. A method, comprising the steps of: A) receiving, by a server computer communicatively coupled to a network, a geographic location data identifying a plurality of place names, wherein the geographic location data comprises a geographic location within a geographic area, the geographic area comprises a planet, a continent, a country, a state, a region, a county, a city, an area, or a neighborhood, the geographic location comprises a continent, a country, a state, a region, a county, a city, an area, a neighborhood, a residence or a business within the geographic area and identified as local to the geographic location data, the geographic location data comprises a geographic location selection comprising a text string received from an online map software, or a geographic location received from, and displayed and selected within, a geographic area of a map rendered by the online map software, and the map software is configured to render a map of the geographic location within the geographic area, and zoom to a different geographic area comprising at least one geographic location; B) parsing, by the server computer, each place name in the plurality of place names into at least one keyword; C) identifying, by the server computer, in a database communicatively coupled to the network, a plurality of domain names, each of the plurality of domain names being available for registration; D) determining, by the server computer, whether each domain name in the plurality of domain names comprises a keyword parsed from the plurality of place names; and E) for each domain name in the plurality of domain names that comprises the keyword parsed from the plurality of place names: i) identifying, by the server computer, coordinates at which a place associated with the place name from which the keyword was parsed is displayed on a map graphic; ii) generating, by the server computer, a user interface component configured to receive input from a user; iii) rendering, by the server computer: a) the domain name within the user interface component; and b) the user interface component on the map graphic at the coordinates; and iv) transmitting, by the server computer, to a client computer communicatively coupled to the network, the map graphic comprising the user interface component at the coordinates.

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2. The method according to claim 1 in which the step of grouping said M-bit data words by weight includes the step of forming two coding maps of said M-bit data words, each coding map including 2.sup.N M-bit data words, and each of said N-bit data words being selectively assigned to a respective one of said M-bit data words from each of said two coding maps.

1. In a method of recording a digital information signal comprised of a plurality of N-bit data words by means of a recording apparatus which imperfectly transmits DC components of said digital information signal, the steps of: selectively generating M-bit data words in which M is an even integer greater than N and each of said N-bit data words and M-bit data words is comprised of a plurality of logic level "1" bits and logic level "0" bits; weighting each of said M-bit data words on the basis of a first value corresponding to a number, in the M-bit data word, of boundaries between adjacent "1" and "0" bits, a second value corresponding to the number of said "1" bits in the M-bit data word, and a third value corresponding to the numbers, in the M-bit data word, of isolated "1" and "0" bits bounded on both sides by "0" and "1" bits, respectively, and of isolated pairs of "1" and "0" bits bounded on both sides by "0" and "1" bits, respectively; grouping the weighted M-bit data words in accordance with the run length of data thereof; assigning each of said N-bit data words to at least a respective one of said M-bit data words in accordance with the generation frequencies of said N-bit data words so that the run lengths of the assigned M-bit data words will vary generally inversely in respect to the generation frequencies of the respective N-bit data words; converting said N-bit data words to said respective assigned M-bit data words; and recording on a record medium said M-bit data words to which said N-bit data words are converted so as to minimize DC components of the recorded digital information signal and to concentrate the frequency spectrum.

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17. The knowledge system as claimed in claim 16, wherein said set of predetermined conditions is specified by a predefined set of expressions which have values concluded by said rules, said step of said inference procedure is the step at which the value of an expression is found, and said conditions are found to hold when the expression having its value found is a member of said predefined set of expressions.

16. A knowledge system comprising a computer having a memory, said memory storing a knowledge base including rules of inference encoding knowledge about a particular subject domain, said computer including an interference engine for executing an inference procedure to apply said rules of inference to solve specified problems pertaining to said subject domain, wherein said computer includes an evaluation system for accessing said knowledge base and evaluating the status of the application of said rules of inference in the context of a specified one of a set of predetermined conditions, said memory stores said set of predetermined conditions for specifying when said evaluation system is to evaluate said status, and said inference procedure includes a step for testing whether said predetermined conditions currently hold for said status, and when one of said conditions is found to hold, thereupon interrupting the operation of said inference engine, and initiating operation of said evaluation system to evaluate said status in the context of the condition found to hold.

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11. An annotation system comprising: at least one processor unit; a display device; a user input device; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the annotation system to: configure a grammar and an ontology used for natural language understanding (NLU) processing by: obtaining plurality of annotations using the ontology and the grammar, each of the plurality of annotations corresponding to one of a plurality of text samples; performing, by the computing device, one or more quality assurance checks for at least one of the plurality of annotations, the ontology, or the grammar; generating, by the computing device, a list of one or more flagged annotations, each of the one or more flagged annotations corresponding to one of the plurality of annotations flagged during one of the one or more quality assurance checks; presenting, at a display device of the computing device, the list of flagged annotations; receiving, via a user input device of the computing device, user input modifying one of the one or more flagged annotations to obtain a modified annotation; and updating at least one of the grammar or the ontology based on the modified annotation; and during performance of the first one of the quality assurance checks: compare a first arrangement of a set of hypernyms in a first annotation of the plurality of annotations to a second arrangement of the set of hypernyms in a second annotation of the plurality of annotations; and configure the list of flagged annotations to include the first annotation and the second annotation responsive to determine that the first arrangement of the set of hypernyms does not match the second arrangement of the set of hypernyms.

16. The annotation system of claim 11 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor during performance of a second one of the quality assurance checks, cause the annotation system to: determine whether the grammar is an acyclic grammar; and responsive to determining that the grammar is not an acyclic grammar, configure the list of flagged annotations to include one of the plurality of annotations that is associated with a cycle of the grammar.

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1. A computer implemented method of training video classifiers, the method comprising: storing a taxonomy of hierarchically-arranged categories; storing a set of labeled videos, each of the labeled videos having associated textual metadata and being initially labeled as representing one or more of the categories; storing labels initially associated with a set of text documents distinct from the labeled videos, each stored label corresponding to one of the categories and indicating that the associated text document represents the category; identifying, for each of the categories, a positive training subset of the text documents that represent the category based on their stored labels, and a negative training subset of the text documents that do not represent the category based on their stored labels; training a set of text-based classifiers based on the positive training subsets and the negative training subsets, each text-based classifier associated with one of the categories and producing, when applied to text, a score providing a measure of how strongly the text represents the associated category; identifying, for each of the categories, a positive training subset of the labeled videos that represent the category based on their labels, and a negative training subset of the labeled videos that do not represent the category based on their labels; for each video of the positive training subsets of the labeled videos and of the negative training subsets of the labeled videos: applying the text-based classifiers to the associated textual metadata of the video, thereby producing a vector of scores for the video, the scores providing measures of how strongly the textual metadata of the video represents the categories associated with the text-based classifiers; extracting a content feature vector from video content of frames of the video; forming a hybrid feature vector comprising the vector of scores and the content feature vector for that video; and training a set of adapted classifiers based on the hybrid feature vectors of the videos in the positive training subsets of the labeled videos and on the hybrid feature vectors of the videos in the negative training subsets of the labeled videos, each adapted classifier associated with one of the categories and producing, when applied to an unlabeled video, a score providing a measure of how strongly the unlabeled video represents the associated category.

3. The computer implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the text documents are web pages.

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12. The system of claim 9 , wherein rating the respective connection between each potential category and the respective set of businesses associated with the potential category is based at least in part on a percentage of visitor traffic to the set of businesses associated with the potential category.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to: browse an online directory of businesses providing products or services, the online directory being organized into categories of businesses; select a set of potential categories for testing using test advertisements, the set of potential categories being selected from the categories of businesses of the online directory; select the respective set of businesses associated with each potential category; and rate the respective connection between each potential category and the respective set of businesses associated with the potential category.

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1. A system to dynamically display a presentation of a time duration, the system comprising: a processor configured to receive comments associated with the presentation, the comments arranged in a first ordering, to identify a time reference comment among the comments, the time reference comment including a time reference referencing a time instant within the time duration of the presentation, and to dynamically change an ordering of the comments from the first ordering to a second ordering at the time instant, the second ordering of the comments representing a rearrangement of the first ordering of the comments; and a display device configured to display the presentation with the comments, the comments arranged according to the ordering, wherein the display device shows the comments according to the second ordering beginning at a first specified time length before the time instant until a second specified time length after the time instant based on the processor, and the processor changes an ordering of the comments back to the first ordering after the second specified time length after the time instant.

3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein, based on the second ordering, the display device shows the time reference comment in an area that is highlighted with respect to others of the comments during the time instant.

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8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the image of the text corresponds to one of an odd-numbered page within the book and an even-numbered page within the book, wherein where the image corresponds to an odd-numbered page within the book, determining the valid content boundary is based on the images that correspond to odd-numbered pages within the book, and wherein where the image corresponds to an even-numbered page within the book, determining the valid content boundary is based on the images that correspond to even-numbered pages within the book.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the image of the text is a given image of a plurality of images representing text and that are related to one another, and wherein determining the valid content boundary within the image of the text comprises: determining the valid content boundary based on one or more of the images that are related to one another.

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1. A device comprising: one or more processors; memory; a context component stored in the memory and executable by the one or more processors to analyze user use context of an interaction with a message; a guidance component stored in the memory and executable by the one or more processors to: employ language processing to analyze content of the message before the message is delivered and to determine a style or a sentiment of the content; reference the user use context based at least on the style or the sentiment of the content; provide real-time feedback for the style, the sentiment or the content of the message based on composition of the message and the user use context of the interaction with the message; and a distribution component stored in the memory and executable by the one or more processors to distribute information of the user use context to a recipient or a sender of the message.

5. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a messaging unification component that aggregates the user use context of the message with another user use context of a disparate type of received message to obtain a unified user communication context.

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5. The method according to claim 4 , further comprising seamlessly transferring the conversation over the communication path from the first interacting environment to the second interacting environment in response to receiving the indication.

4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising receiving an indication that the two or more parties desire to continue the conversation in the second interacting environment.

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26. The computer program product of claim 25 , further comprising: computer useable program code for maintaining said SOA-method model to facilitate said instantiation.

25. The computer program product of claim 22 , further comprising: computer useable program code for instantiating said SOA-method model to facilitate at least one industry-specific application.

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12. A method for facilitating statistical modeling in an artificial intelligence application, comprising: employing a processor executing computer-executable instructions stored on a computer-readable storage medium to implement the following acts: receiving at least one data set representing an outcome, the at least one data set having incomplete observation data for a set of variables with at least one continuous variable; utilizing the data set and probabilistic inference to determine parameter gradients for a log-likelihood of a conditional Gaussian (CG) graphical model over those variables; representing the CG graphical model as a recursive exponential mixed model (REMM); determining a conditional Gaussian regression in the REMM representation model; utilizing a chain rule to transform a resulting parameter gradient expression into a parameter representation of c, β, and σ, representing an intercept, coefficients, and variance, respectively for a regression on continuous parents; employing probabilistic inference to determine quantities in the parameter gradient expression; converting a resulting parameterization into a non-exponential representation; utilizing a propagation scheme on the non-exponential parameterization in order to compute at least one gradient; assigning, for all families (X v ,X pa(v) ) where X v is a continuous variable, each configuration of discrete parent variables x d pa(v) a sum vector and a sum of squares matrix for expected posterior statistics associated with conditional distributions for the continuous variable and its continuous parents (X v ,X c pa(v) ) given configurations of discrete parents; For each data case in a data set: utilizing a propagation scheme for Bayesian networks with conditional Gaussian distributions to determine a mean vector and a covariance matrix associated with a posterior marginal distribution for all families (X v ,X pa(v) ), where X v is a continuous variable; employing posterior conditional means and variances to determine expected values (x v *,x c pa(v) *) and ((x v x v )*, (x v x c pa(v) )*, (x v x c pa(v) ′)*, (x c pa(v) ′X c pa(v) )*) for continuous variables in each of these families given each configuration of discrete variables in the respective families; adding the expected values to the sum and the sum of squares expected posterior statistics; and determining the parameter gradients utilizing a formula for a sample of incomplete observations; employing the CG graphical model to deduce a cause of the given outcome in an artificial intelligence application; and displaying the deduced cause on a display device.

20. The method of claim 12 further comprising: optimizing at least one gradient parameter via utilization of an exponential model representation that automatically enforces that p s ≧0 and ∑ s ⁢ ⁢ p s = 1 to facilitate in optimizing at least one gradient parameter; converting the resulting parameterization into a non-exponential representation; and utilizing a propagation scheme on the non-exponential parameterization in order to compute at least one gradient.

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1. A method comprising: a computing system receiving an identification request from a displaying device, wherein the identification request specifies an address of the displaying device; in response to receiving the identification request, the computing system transmitting a session identifier to the displaying device; the computing system receiving a session initiation request from a scanning device, wherein the session initiation request contains the session identifier and a scanning device identifier, wherein the scanning device identifier is unique to the scanning device, and wherein the scanning device and the displaying device each communicate independently with the computing system; in response to receiving the session initiation request, the computing system creating an association between the session identifier, the scanning device identifier, and the address of the displaying device; the computing system receiving a digital media request from the scanning device, wherein the digital media request contains information scanned by the scanning device that identifies requested digital media; and based on the information scanned by the scanning device and the association between the session identifier, the scanning device identifier, and the address of the displaying device, the computing system transmitting the requested digital media to the displaying device.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: in response to receiving the digital media request from the scanning device, the computing system determining the address of the displaying device from the association.

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6. A position-determining device comprising: a processor; and memory configured to maintain: automated speech recognition (ASR) data divided according to partitions into a plurality of tiles, at least one of the tiles being configured as a common tile and a plurality of the tiles being geographically partitioned, wherein the common tile includes automated speech recognition (ASR) data common to at least two of the plurality of geographically-partitioned tiles, wherein the geographically-partitioned tiles are sized based on a minimum geographic search area; and one or more modules that are executable on the processor to: select one or more of the plurality of tiles based on information related to a user-initiated search and a geographic position, select the common tile based on the search information but not the geographic position; and translate an audio input using the selected tiles.

8. A position-determining device as described in claim 6 , wherein a plurality of said common tiles is organized into respective categories that are searched based on the information.

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18. The one or more device-readable storage media of claim 17 with device-executable instructions that, when executed by a computing system, direct the computing system to perform steps comprising storing the graphical structure with an annotation including a word that does not occur in the text of the document represented by the second node.

17. One or more device-readable storage media with device-executable instructions that, when executed by a computing system, direct the computing system to perform steps comprising: storing, at a memory, a graphical structure comprising a first node representing a person, and a second node representing a document in the document repository, the nodes being connected by an edge according to automatically observed interactions between the represented person and the represented document, at least one of the nodes having an annotation denoting a topic, the interaction based at least in part on at least one of: a consumption activity by the person represented by the first node of the document represented by the second node, or a relationship between the person represented by the first node, and a second person represented by a third node; computing, at a processor, distances between two nodes of the graphical structure; receiving an identifier of a user who is represented by the first node; and automatically identifying one or more documents from the document repository, or people from the graphical structure, by using the identifier and using the computed distances between the two nodes.

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26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the first array of presenters comprises a rectangular matrix having two columns of presenters, one column being used for presenting consonant sounds and the other column being used for presenting vowel sounds, and wherein the second array comprises a square matrix of presenters for the mouth forms.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the presenting means comprises a first array of presenters for presenting said second patterns and a second array of presenters for presenting said second patterns.

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19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: generating a first modified input column by applying a first function to the input column; identifying the potential table column, from the index, based on the modified input column.

1. A method comprising: receiving an input column comprising a plurality of query values; receiving a search keyword; identifying a first potential table column; determining a coverage score for the first potential table column, wherein the coverage score is based on the number of query values in the input column also contained in at least a portion of the first potential table column; determining a refinity score for the first potential table column representing a similarity between the first potential table column and the input column, wherein the refinity score is based on an average number of occurrences of values from the input column within at least a portion of the first potential table column; determining a search keyword score for the first potential table column based on the search keyword; and determining a first total score corresponding to the first potential table column based on the coverage score, the refinity score, and the search keyword score.

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8. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer software, the computer software when executed on a computer operable to: detect specification-related metadata of a single multi-purpose specification, the single multi-purpose specification including a plurality of paragraphs; based on the detected specification-related metadata, automatically populate a menu with a plurality of view choices for the single multi-purpose specification, each view choice corresponding to a corporate business unit specific specification view generatable from the single multi-purpose specification, each corporate business unit specific specification view showing only paragraphs of the plurality of paragraphs of the single multi-purpose specification that are applicable to a related corporate business unit, the paragraphs of the plurality of paragraphs that are shown to differ from those shown in one or more other corporate business unit specific specification views; for at least one corporate business unit specific specification view generated from the single multi-purpose specification, calculate a difference between the at least one corporate business unit specific specification view and another corporate business unit specific specification view; and display the difference in a current specification view.

11. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8 , wherein the difference is displayed in an in-line mode.

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4. The product of claim 1 wherein the synchronous computer-mediated communication session is a real-time communication session.

1. A computer program product, for monitoring a synchronous computer-mediated communication in which a text transcript is generated by at least two chat participants including a first chat participant and a second chat participant, the product comprising software stored on a non-transitory software storage device, the software comprising: first program instructions programmed to set up and maintain a synchronous computer-mediated communication system between a plurality of chat participants; second program instructions programmed to check for potential frustration including checking the text transcript for use of a text-based signal in a list of text-based signals; and third program instructions programmed to take a responsive action based at least in part upon a potential cause of the potential frustration determined by performing a text analytics analysis on the text transcript; wherein: the responsive action is designed to alleviate frustration of the second chat participant; the list of text-based signals is recorded in a user-specific dictionary being customizable by the first chat participant to include participant-specific text-based signals corresponding to the second chat participant; and the user-specific dictionary being customizable to indicate a participant-specific potential frustration precondition corresponding to the second chat participant during a chat session between the first chat participant and the second chat participant.

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49. A system for analyzing a plurality of speech signal channels, comprising an analyzer including: means for analyzing a plurality of speech signal channels by Cepstrum technique to generate a pitch period parameter for each of said speech signal channels; means for analyzing each of said plurality of speech signal channels to generate a voiced/unvoiced decision parameter for each channel; and means for analyzing each of said plurality of speech signal channels by linear prediction technique to generate a predetermined number of coefficient parameters and a power parameter for each of said channels; wherein said means for analyzing said speech signal to generate a voiced/unvoiced decision parameter includes means for scanning a Cepstrum signal within an auxilliary signal range on each side of Cepstrum peak amplitude signal, means for detecting and storing a range peak signal within the scanned auxilliary ranges, means for summing the absolute values of the signal within the auxilliary ranges to form a range signal sum, means for dividing said Cepstrum peak amplitude signal by said range peak signal to form a range peak factor; means for dividing said range signal sum by said Cepstrum peak amplitude signal to form an average peak factor, means for first comparing said range peak factor with predetermined upper and lower limits and generating a voiced decision parameter if said range peak factor is above said upper limit and generating an unvoiced decision parameter if said range peak factor is equal to or below said lower limit, and means for secondarily comparing said average peak factor with predetermined upper and lower limits and generating a voiced decision parameter if said average peak factor is equal to or less than said lower limit and generating an unvoiced decision parameter if said average peak factor is equal to or greater than said upper limit.

50. A speech analysis system as defined in claim 49 wherein said means for analyzing said speech signal to generate a voiced/unvoiced decision parameter further includes: means for thirdly comparing said Cepstrum peak amplitude signal with predetermined upper and lower limits and generating a voiced decision parameter if said Cepstrum peak amplitude is equal to or less than said lower limit and generating an unvoiced decision parameter if said Cepstrum peak amplitude is equal to or greater than said upper limit.

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63. The method of claim 62 , further comprising determining the defined number of times based on input from a user.

62. The method of claim 46 , wherein the step of determining the set of candidate queries for each starting query comprises executing one or more particular computer-executable instructions, and wherein the method further comprises terminating the step of determining the set of candidate queries for each starting query after executing the one or more particular computer-executable instructions a defined number of times.

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16. The method of claim 10 , wherein said analyzing if the generated context information meet the generated knowledge rules comprises: interpreting the context information; and analyzing if the interpretation results of the context information meet the knowledge rules.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said generating new knowledge rules comprises: classifying the context information into normal situation contexts or abnormal situation contexts depending on the analysis results; and providing the abnormal situation context and the fault rules to generate the new knowledge rules.

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10. A system comprising: one or more data processors; and a computer storage apparatus comprising instructions executable by the one or more data processors which, upon such execution, cause the one or more data processors to perform operations comprising: receiving, by a computing system, a search request that identifies an image; comparing, by the computing system, the image that is identified by the search request to multiple candidate images in order to identify a particular image of the multiple candidate images that matches the image that is identified by the search request; identifying, by the computing system, a keyword that has been determined to be relevant to the particular image of the multiple candidate images; and providing, by the computing system in response to the computing system having received the search request that identifies the image, multiple search results that are responsive to the keyword, wherein providing the multiple search results that are responsive to the keyword is performed by the computing system without user intervention after the computing system receives the search request.

13. The system of claim 10 , wherein: the search request was specified by user input at a computing device, and providing the multiple search results includes providing the multiple search results to the computing device.

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1. A method for computing summary information on documents, wherein the method comprises: identifying, by a computer, a result set of matching documents and query-dependent subsections of the matching documents by applying a query to a set of documents, computing summary information, the summary information comprising a plurality of aggregated summary value metrics (SVMs), each of the aggregated SVMs corresponding to a different attribute-value pair in a plurality of attribute-value pairs, each of the attribute-value pairs specifying a different value of a single attribute, wherein for each of the aggregated SVMs, the aggregated SVM for an attribute-value pair is a measure of a probability that, within a given scope within the matching documents, the attribute of the attribute-value pair has the value of the attribute-value pair; and displaying a graphical user interface object that presents the summary information to a user.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aggregated SVMs are based on at least in part on weights associated with different scopes, the scopes being in an ontology structure.

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4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the automatic analysis includes analyzing particular procurement information regarding the first business division and the second business division based on one or more of the set of supplier intelligence business rules to determine the effect of particular procurement decisions of the first business division on the second business division.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein: the automatic analysis includes determining a financial business opportunity based on the determined effect of particular procurement decisions of the first business division on the second business division; and the automatically generated visual output illustrates a financial business opportunity.

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8. An extended semaphore mechanism as recited in claim 7 including ninth means responsive to a predetermined one of said first processes for determining on behalf of a predetermined one of said second processes the occurrence of said event.

7. An extended semaphore mechanism as recited in claim 6 including tenth means responsive to said eighth means for causing a predetermined one of said second processes to wait upon the occurrence of an event as specified by said sixth means.

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1. A system for customizing displayed content selections including displays for fabricating custom objects from the customized content selections, the system comprising: at least one processor operatively connected to a memory; a search component, executed by the at least one processor, configured to: accept search selection in a user interface displayed to a user, and display search results to the user in the user interface, wherein the user interface includes a plurality of displays screens with customized content associated with a step for fabricating a custom object, wherein the plurality of display screens include at least, a first display screen from which the search component receives user specification of descriptive information associated with selecting an image for customizing a plurality of products, a second display configured to display a plurality of images for customizing the plurality of products identified by the search component; a modeling component, executed by the at least one processor, configured to score previous users' actions associated with content items displayed to the user, wherein the modeling component is further configured to: emphasize user behavior associated with creation of the custom product based on scoring users action in the user interface relative to the step associated with fabricating the custom product; assign a respective score to the previews of the custom product or to respective ones of the plurality of images, wherein the scores are assigned relative to steps taken towards the desired user action; and index entered or automatically created search terms with the desired user action, wherein at least a portion of the index on the search terms is generated irrespective of meaning associated with the search terms; and wherein the search component is further configured to: identify search results based, at least in part, on respective action scores assigned to respective content items; automatically generate a query responsive to user specification of the descriptive information for customizing the plurality of products in the user interface displayed to the a user, wherein the query is based on, at least in part, the descriptive information for the image for customizing the plurality of products; execute the query to return at least search results of images for customizing products and identify the search results based, at least in part, on respective action scores assigned to respective images associated with the descriptive information; and communicate the search results for display to the user in the user interface and respective display screen and customize the respective display screen according to modeling of a desired user action.

11. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the search component is configured to capture search selection responsive to a user navigating within an ecommerce website.

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13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium as recited in claim 11 , further comprising computer executable instructions for: detecting a selection of an element of the navigation structure; and providing a user access to an electronic file folder corresponding to the selected element of the navigation structure.

11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising computer executable instructions, which when implemented by a computer perform: constructing a hierarchical data structure responsive to data descriptive of components of an insurance event with defined relationships between the components of the insurance event, wherein the hierarchical data structure comprises nodes corresponding to components of the insurance event, and wherein at least one node corresponding to a particular type of component is automatically populated with a substructure defined for the type of component based on facts associated with the insurance event; providing a user interface configured to display a navigation structure corresponding to at least a portion of the hierarchical data structure; automatically creating an electronic file folder hierarchy, said electronic file folder hierarchy comprising electronic file folders each including a one-to-one correspondence to elements of the navigation structure; scanning a paper document to an electronic document to be filed as an electronic file; creating a scan information sheet having a bar code thereon, the bar code containing data pertaining to: the paper document; and text data included on the scan information sheet; detecting a selection of a plurality of elements of the navigation structure; and associating an electronic file, using the bar code of the scan information sheet associated with the electronic file, with a plurality of electronic file folders corresponding to the selected plurality of elements of the navigation structure, wherein associating includes providing a hyperlink to display the electronic file.

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2. The application server according to claim 1 , wherein said plurality of domains comprises at least one of an activity, a goal, a need and an interest.

1. An application server for matching a plurality of users within a domain, said application server configured to: (A) implement a social network having a plurality of users; (B) observe network behaviors of at least some of said plurality of users of said social network; (C) develop profiles of at least some of said plurality of users within at least one of a plurality of domains using a profile function, wherein (i) said profile function defines a level of relevance of network behaviors for said domain, (ii) said profile function maps said observed network behaviors to said profiles for said domain and (iii) each of said profiles stores a descriptor representing one of said plurality of users for said domain; and (D) compute matches of two or more of said plurality of users with respect to one of said domains, wherein said matches are based on a relation of common descriptors of said profiles for said domain.

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11. The method as recited in claim 5 wherein said step of providing a plurality of first command options is further comprised of generating, for each first command option, a portrayed character or personality associable to the user as being biased toward a particular type of information to cause retrieval of a particular type of electronic documents.

5. A method for retrieval of documents from a database, said database comprised of a plurality of electronic documents, each of said plurality of electronic documents capable of being selectively linked with other of said electronic documents; said method comprising the steps of: a) defining a set of descriptive index terms for said plurality of electronic documents; b) indexing said database by assigning a unique first subset of descriptive index terms to each of said electronic documents; c) providing a plurality of first command options on a computer controlled display system (CCDS) coupled to said database, each of said plurality of first command options having a unique second subset of said descriptive index terms; d) receiving one of said first command options; e) comparing said first subset of descriptive index terms of said electronic documents with said second subset of said descriptive index terms of said received first command option; f) generating a first ranked list of said electronic documents based on comparisons of step e), said first ranked list including a present position document; g) providing a plurality of second command options on said CCDS, each of said plurality of said second command options associated with one of said electronic documents on said ranked list; h) receiving one of said second command options; i) retrieving said electronic document associated with said received second command option, said retrieved electronic document becoming the present position document.

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14. The computer-readable storage device of claim 13 , wherein the global multimedia object description and the local multimedia object description further comprise an object hierarchy element and an entity relation graph element.

15. The computer-readable storage device of claim 14 , wherein the object hierarchy element and the entity relation graph element describe one of spatial, temporal, and semantic relationships between pieces of content embedded within the multimedia stream.

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1. An automatic word ending text recorder of the kind having: text display means to display a sequence of text characters in intelligible form in response to character and function identifying signals, keyboard means including a plurality of alphanumeric, symbol and function keys to produce a keycode signal unique to any operator-actuated key, and decoding means responsive to keycode signals from said keyboard means to produce said character and function identifying signals, wherein the improvement comprises: word ending means within said decoding means producing one of at least two groups of one or more character identifying signals in response to actuation of a selected key on said keyboard, each group of character identifying signals representing a different word ending and wherein said word ending means includes means for selecting among said groups depending upon identification of one or more key actuations prior to actuation of said selected key.

21. The apparatus of claim 1 in which said word ending means operates on each actuation of said selected key.

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1. An apparatus for assisting user-selection of achievement tools that meet educational standards, the apparatus comprising: a server computer comprising memory, wherein the memory centrally stores: a plurality of keywords; a plurality of educational standards; a plurality of achievement tools; keyword-to-educational-standard assignments, wherein each of the educational standards has assigned thereto at least selected ones of the keywords; and keyword-to-achievement-tool assignments, wherein each of the achievement tools has assigned thereto at least selected ones of the keywords; wherein the server computer is operable to: publish, over a computer network, a user interface that enables the keyword-to-achievement-tool assignments to be revised, wherein the user interface is configured to enable user log-in via a unique identifier; receive, over the computer network and via the user interface, a keyword-assignment revision with respect to a particular achievement tool of the plurality of achievement tools; and in the memory, revise the at least selected ones of the keywords assigned to the particular achievement tool based, at least in part, on the received keyword-assignment revision.

13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the keywords include grade level indicators.

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1. A method for using a computer to teach language reading skills comprising: selecting a subset of stored internal speech patterns containing at least one correct internal speech pattern which corresponds to a correct response and at least one internal speech pattern corresponding to an incorrect response, from a set of stored internal speech patterns, using a computer program, wherein said correct internal speech pattern is readily differentiable from each of said internal speech patterns corresponding to an incorrect response by a comparison subprogram; presenting a visual image to a user that corresponds to said correct internal speech pattern, obtaining a speech response segment from the user; comparing, using the comparison subprogram, said speech response segment to the subset of stored internal speech patterns and determining the degree of matching to each internal speech pattern in the subset of internal speech patterns; and presenting to the user a response to the speech segment based on the results of the step of comparing.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of presenting further comprises automatically representing visually to the user each response in the subset of internal speech patterns.

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11. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 9 , wherein in the step (b), for each word constituting each of the text data pieces, the degree to which the word corresponds to an inherent portion of the text data piece relative to another of the text data pieces is calculated using the confidence that has been set for each of the text data pieces, and an inherent portion of the text data piece relative to the other text data piece is extracted based on the calculated degree.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium recording a program for causing a computer device to perform text mining using, as targets, a plurality of text data pieces including a text data piece generated by computer processing, the program including instructions that cause the computer device to perform the steps of: (a) setting confidence for each of the text data pieces; (b) for each of the text data pieces, extracting an inherent portion of the text data piece relative to another of the text data pieces; (c) for each inherent portion of each of the text data pieces relative to another of the text data pieces, setting inherent confidence that indicates confidence of the inherent portion, using the confidence that has been set for each of the text data pieces; and (d) performing text mining on each inherent portion of each of the text data pieces relative to another of the text data pieces, using the inherent confidence, wherein in the step (a), a numerical value less than or equal to one is set as the confidence for each of the text data pieces, and in the step (c), in a case of setting the inherent confidence for each inherent portion of one of the text data pieces relative to another of the text data pieces, the inherent confidence is set by multiplying the confidence that has been set for the one text data piece by a value obtained by subtracting the confidence that has been set for the other text data piece from one.

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4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the index comprises at least one index table or at least one indexed tree.

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: identifying a search query comprising one or more search terms; identifying an index for a word, wherein the word or a substring of the word matches one of the one or more search terms of the search query, and wherein the index comprises: one or more substrings of the word, wherein each substring includes one or more but not all characters included in the word; one or more inclusive strings corresponding to the one or more substrings, each of the one or more inclusive strings comprising the corresponding substring and at least one more character included in the word; and two or more word objects, wherein each of the one or more substrings correspond to at least one of the two or more word objects, and the two or more word objects identify content that includes at least one substring of the word; and using the index to identify one or more search results for the search query based on the two or more word objects; wherein the word object is a location of a web page in which the word occurs.

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1. An electronic book, comprising: a screen for displaying an electronic book content; at least one first component with at least one underlying link, wherein, upon selection of the at least one first component, the at least one first component links to at least an Internet web site for providing a plurality of streaming video, audio and text data when connected to the electronic book, wherein location information for each of the plurality of streaming video, audio and text data is provided in at least one hidden links table and the at least one hidden links table is provided in conjunction with downloading the content of the electronic book from a remote provider, and each of the at least one hidden links table is associated with the at least one first component with the at least one underlying link, and wherein the location information provides access to the plurality of streaming video, audio and text data, and wherein the at least one first component is a part of a content of the electronic book; and a control function wherein the control function allows selection of one or more of the plurality of streaming video, audio and text data while displaying the content of the electronic book, and wherein the selected data is displayed on the screen of the electronic book, wherein the hidden links table is updatable from a most current links table using information transmitted via the Internet web site from the remote provider, wherein the most current links table is downloaded to the electronic book either periodically by the remote provider, or when a new electronic book content is downloaded to the electronic book by the remote provider, and wherein the control function includes an on-screen show links button, upon selection of which a link menu is displayed on the screen of the electronic book along with the content of the electronic book, wherein the link menu shows all of the first components with the underlying links contained in the content of the electronic book displayed on the screen of the electronic book, and shows linked materials including a number of links, link numbers and descriptions of the linked materials that each of the first components with the underlying links is able to be linked to, such that, by choosing one of the links, a user is able to link to one of the linked materials.

11. The electronic book of claim 1 , wherein the connection to the Internet web site is completed using a wired communication system.

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1. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which when executed performs a collaborative computing method comprising: defining a collaborative community by a particular context, membership and a set of roles for individual ones of the membership and including in the collaborative community different instances of different business components, each instance of the business components including program code of both functions and data; storing a set of permissions defining access to a generic one of the different business components for a named permission set; instantiating the generic one of the business components within the community into an instance of the generic one of the business components within the community; and mapping the set of permissions for the named permission set to an abstract role for the instance of the generic one of the business components within the community.

2. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 1 , wherein the method performed by the stored computer program when executed further includes setting access permissions to the business component instance within a community based on the mapped set of permissions.

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3. The computer program product of claim 1 wherein said automatically generating one or more external graphical layout rules comprises: accessing the semantic knowledge base to obtain one or more labeling requirements, selecting from the one or more labeling requirements an applicable labeling position or size based on the industry constraint, and causing the external graphical layout rules to correspond to the applicable labeling position or size.

1. A computer program product, comprising a computer usable medium having a computer readable program code embodied therein, the computer readable program code adapted to be executed to implement a method for automatically generating a package design, the method comprising: receiving, from a user via an input device, a packaging intent comprising one or more constraints, wherein the one or more constraints comprise one or more of the following industry constraints: trade or industry association guidelines; brand identification guidelines; instructions for product use; coding for quality assurance; expiration dates; or dietary and nutritional information; automatically generating, with a processing module and a semantic knowledge base, one or more external graphical layout rules and one or more structural design rules based on the one or more constraints, wherein the external graphical layout rules are associated with a plurality of graphical assets and guide a relationship between a graphical asset and layout of each graphical asset on one or more exterior surfaces of the package; automatically generating a three dimensional representation of a package design based on the one or more external graphical layout rules and the one or more structural design rules, wherein automatically generating a three dimensional representation comprises, for at least one graphical asset of the plurality of graphical assets, determining an exterior surface location, on the three dimensional representation, associated with the at least one graphical asset and determining one or more boundaries associated with the at least one graphical asset based at least in part on the one or more industry constraints; and displaying the three dimensional representation of the package design, wherein displaying the three dimensional representation comprises displaying the at least one of the plurality of graphical assets at the determined exterior surface location and within the determined boundaries associated with the graphical asset.