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[ { "text": "DNA is a macromolecule that consists of monomers called nucleotides, each of which in turn has three components: a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA), a phosphate group and a nitrogen-rich base.", "source": "https://sciencing.com/what-is-a-zygote-13714437.html" } ]

[ { "value": "compared to nuclear chromosomes", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "very", "type": "DEGREE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Although the mitochondrial DNA is very small compared to nuclear chromosomes, it codes for 13 proteins involved in mitochondrial energy production and specific tRNAs.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" } ]

[ { "value": "from the cytoplasm", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "All chromosomal DNA is stored in the cell nucleus, separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane. ", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" } ]

[ { "value": "in the form of rna", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "DNA sends out a message, in the form of RNA (ribonucleic acid), describing how to make the protein.", "source": "https://sites.google.com/site/lifesciencesinmaine/5-cell-division-reproduction-and-dna" } ]

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[ { "text": "Thus the diploid number is restored and the embryonic genome is formed.", "source": "https://www.thescottsmithblog.com/2018/09/life-begins-at-conception-all-science.html" }, { "text": "Thus the diploid number is restored and the embryonic genome is formed.", "source": "http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/abortion/scientific-communitys-responses-to-the-question-when-does-life-begin.cfm" }, { "text": "Thus the diploid number is restored and the embryonic genome is formed.", "source": "http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/abortion/scientific-communitys-responses-to-the-question-when-does-life-begin.cfm" }, { "text": "During \" fertilisation \", haploid gametes come together to form a diploid zygote , and the original number of chromosomes is restored.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" } ]

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[ { "text": "Briefly, we used readCounter to bin the genome into consecutive 1 Mb windows and calculated the absolute number of reads detected in each window.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201782" }, { "text": "Next, we analyzed the single-cell COOL-seq data from 24 individual ES cells and used readCounter to bin the genome into consecutive 100 kb tiles, then calculated the absolute number of reads detected in each window.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201782" } ]

[ { "value": "far", "type": "OTHER", "support": 2 } ]

[ { "text": "Because the number of words (60) far exceeds the number of amino acids (20), there are synonyms – multiple words which encode the same amino acid.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" }, { "text": "Because the number of words (60) far exceeds the number of amino acids (20), there are synonyms – multiple words which encode the same amino acid.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" } ]

[ { "value": "in this example", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The number of chromosomes in the ancestral (non-homologous) set is called the monoploid number (x), and is distinct from the haploid number (n) in the organism as it now reproduces.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" }, { "text": "Hence, the monoploid number (12) and haploid number (24) are distinct in this example.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "This \"base\" number – the number of apparently originally unique chromosomes in a haploid set – is called the monoploid number, also known as basic or cardinal number, or fundamental number.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" }, { "text": "The number of chromosomes in the ancestral (non-homologous) set is called the monoploid number (x), and is distinct from the haploid number (n) in the organism as it now reproduces.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "As such he/she is a single-cell embryonic zygote, an organism with 46 chromosomes, the number required of a member of the human species.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "After RNA-seq quality assessment, the number of expressed genes and their expression levels in each sample were analyzed.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15189-w" } ]

[ { "value": "by 5 months of gestation", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The total number of primary oocytes�about 7 million�is produced in the female fetus� ovaries by 5 months of gestation in the mother", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

[ { "value": "due to deletions", "type": "CAUSE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In cultured mammalian cells, such as the Chinese hamster ovary cell line, a number of genetic loci are present in a functional hemizygous state, due to mutations or deletions in the other alleles.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity" } ]

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[ { "text": "In normal non-tumor stem cells, a number of genes have been described which are responsible for pluripotency, such as Bmi-1, Wnt and Notch.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_cell_division" } ]

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[ { "text": "The “head” of a sperm cell is covered in a layer called “acrosome” which consists of a number of enzymes which enable the sperm and to penetrate the membrane of an egg cell.", "source": "https://sciencetrends.com/female-male-gametes/" } ]

[ { "value": "during embryogenesis", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 }, { "value": "for a number of cell cleavages", "type": "PURPOSE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "During embryogenesis, for a number of cell cleavages (the specific number depends on the type of organism) all the cells of an embryo will be morphologically and developmentally equivalent.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_fate_determination" } ]

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[ { "text": "This total number of individual chromosomes (counting all complete sets) is called the chromosome number.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "The haploid number (n) refers to the total number of chromosomes found in a gamete (a sperm or egg cell produced by meiosis in preparation for sexual reproduction).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "These phenomena are very significant in animals, as the erroneous number of chromosomes harvest undesirable effects.", "source": "https://ibiologia.com/zygote/" } ]

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[ { "text": "Upon differentiation, a small number of genes, including OCT4 and NANOG, are methylated and their promoters repressed to prevent their further expression.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_differentiation" } ]

[ { "value": "often", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Gametes each have one copy of the organism's chromosomes, the number of which is often represented by the variable n. Zygotes thus have 2n chromosomes; in humans this number is 46.", "source": "https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/zygote-cell-each-gene-found-how-many-chromosome-s-549866" } ]

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[ { "text": "That number depends on the size of the person, but biologists put that number around 37 trillion cells.", "source": "https://askabiologist.asu.edu/cell-division" } ]

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[ { "text": "This has allowed the development of a technique known as preimplantation genetic diagnosis, whereby a small number of cells from the preimplantation embryo created by IVF, can be removed by biopsy and subjected to genetic diagnosis.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryogenesis" } ]

[ { "value": "to produce haploid gametes", "type": "PURPOSE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In eukaryotes, there are two distinct types of cell division: a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis), and a reproductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes (meiosis).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division" } ]

[ { "value": "in the genome", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The number of C and T nucleotides sequenced was counted at each GCH site in the genome.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201782" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "x) Number of chromosomes found in a single complete set Chromosome number", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "A fetus is a point in the zygote where it looks like a more human form Number of Cells Zygote is unicellular Fetus is multicellular Cell Type Diploid cell Diploid cell Formation", "source": "https://www.difference.wiki/zygote-vs-fetus/" } ]

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[ { "text": "This has allowed the development of a technique known as preimplantation genetic diagnosis, whereby a small number of cells from the preimplantation embryo created by IVF, can be removed by biopsy and subjected to genetic diagnosis.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryogenesis" } ]

[ { "value": "by the middle of prenatal life", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 }, { "value": "nearly", "type": "DEGREE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The number of oogonia increases to nearly seven million by the middle of prenatal life, after which it diminishes to about two million at birth.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

[ { "value": "by 5 months of gestation", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The total number of primary oocytes�about 7 million�is produced in the female fetus� ovaries by 5 months of gestation in the mother", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

[ { "value": "at fertilization", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "This is necessary so that after their fusion at fertilization the characteristic number of chromosomes in a single individual member of the human species (46) can be maintained", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

[ { "value": "further", "type": "DEGREE", "support": 1 }, { "value": "within the oviduct", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 }, { "value": "in the latter case", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Further, in the latter case (within the oviduct), the minimum number of sperm for successful fertilisation would be one million sperm for intra-oviductal fertilisation in cow", "source": "https://www.researchgate.net/topic/Zygote" } ]

[ { "value": "partly", "type": "DEGREE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Depending on growth conditions, prokaryotes such as bacteria may have a chromosome copy number of 1 to 4, and that number is commonly fractional, counting portions of the chromosome partly replicated at a given time.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "A number of cell lineage-specific lncRNAs were identified in the ACL and BCL (Fig.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15189-w" } ]

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[ { "text": "The number of mating types depends on the number of genes and the number of alleles for each.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating_in_fungi" } ]

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[ { "text": "The number of mating types depends on the number of genes and the number of alleles for each.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating_in_fungi" } ]

[ { "value": "typically", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Typically large numbers of eggs are laid at one time (an adult female cod can produce 4–6 million eggs in one spawning) and the eggs are then left to develop without parental care.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg" } ]

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[ { "text": "A number of cell lineage-specific lncRNAs were identified in the ACL and BCL (Fig.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15189-w" } ]

[ { "value": "especially", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Gamete-- A reproductive cell having the haploid number of chromosomes, especially a mature sperm or egg capable of fusing with a gamete of the opposite sex to produce the fertilized egg.", "source": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070924102602AA1DvoK" } ]

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[ { "text": "The “head” of a sperm cell is covered in a layer called “acrosome” which consists of a number of enzymes which enable the sperm and to penetrate the membrane of an egg cell.", "source": "https://sciencetrends.com/female-male-gametes/" } ]

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[ { "text": "A small number (1–2%) of monozygotic twins share the same placenta and amniotic sac.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin" } ]

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[ { "text": "A number of red algae species produce monospores (walled nonflagellate spherical cells) that are carried by water currents and form a new organism upon germination.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/spore-biology" } ]

[ { "value": "for somatic embryogenesis", "type": "PURPOSE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "However, Weismannist development is relatively rare (e.g., vertebrates, arthropods, Volvox), as a great number of species have the capacity for somatic embryogenesis (e.g., land plants, most algae, many invertebrates).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_cells" } ]

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[ { "text": "Human diploid cells have 46 chromosomes (the somatic number, 2n) and human haploid gametes (egg and sperm) have 23 chromosomes (n).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

[ { "value": "transcritionally", "type": "MANNER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "There is, for instance, little transcription in the embryos of most species prior to the 8 cell stage, but as embryos develops into morulae, then blastocysts, a large number of genes become transcritionally active and the total level of transcription increases dramatically.", "source": "http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/reprod/fert/cleavage.html" } ]

[ { "value": "for each member of a species", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "To understand this, it should be remembered that each kind of living organism has a specific number and quality of chromosomes that are characteristic for each member of a species.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "When the cells number around sixteen the solid sphere of cells within the zona pellucida is referred to as a morula", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryogenesis" } ]

[ { "value": "for diploid organisms", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "For diploid organisms, the monoploid number and haploid number are equal; in humans, both are equal to 23.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "This is important in most animals, as the wrong number of chromosomes or alleles can produce negative effects.", "source": "https://biologydictionary.net/zygote/" } ]

[ { "value": "in a biological cell", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In a biological cell, the number of complete chromosomal sets is called ploidy.", "source": "https://biologywise.com/diploid-haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "In many other organisms, although the number of chromosomes may have originated in this way, this is no longer clear, and the monoploid number is regarded as the same as the haploid number.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "The monoploid number is thus 7 and the haploid number is 3 × 7 = 21.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

[ { "value": "to the 4-cell stage", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "We found that de novo methylation dominated from the late zygote stage to the 4-cell stage because the number of de novo methylated WCG sites was much higher than that of demethylated sites during this developmental period, resulting in an increase in the global methylation level from the late zygote stage to the 4-cell stage (zygote versus 4-cell, P = 1.6 × 10−3).", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201782" } ]

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[ { "text": "The haploid number (half of 48) is 24.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

[ { "value": "normally", "type": "DEGREE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In the most generic sense, haploid refers to having the number of sets of chromosomes normally found in a gamete.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "This total number of individual chromosomes (counting all complete sets) is called the chromosome number.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

[ { "value": "in their somatic cells", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "However, a large number of species have the chromosomes in their somatic cells arranged in fours (\"tetraploid\") or even sixes (\"hexaploid\").", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_cells" } ]

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[ { "text": "These biopsies are invasive, however, and have a major disadvantage when compared to other forms of invasive genetic testing in that only a few number of cells can be extracted at a time.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastomere" } ]

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[ { "text": "The significance of meiosis for reproduction and inheritance, however, was described only in 1890 by German biologist August Weismann, who noted that two cell divisions were necessary to transform one diploid cell into four haploid cells if the number of chromosomes had to be maintained.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

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[ { "text": "A small number (1–2%) of monozygotic twins share the same placenta and amniotic sac.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "The number of chromosomes (n) differs in different organisms.", "source": "https://www.diffen.com/difference/Diploid_vs_Haploid" } ]

[ { "value": "depending upon the species", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "very", "type": "DEGREE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "I'm assuming that this question is asking about a human zygote, but it's important to have this information established because the number of chromosomes in a zygote can be very different depending upon the species being discussed.", "source": "https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/zygote-cell-each-gene-found-how-many-chromosome-s-549866" } ]

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[ { "text": "A small number (1–2%) of monozygotic twins share the same placenta and amniotic sac.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "Because each germ cell normally has 46 chromosomes, the process of \"fertilization\" can not take place until the total number of chromosomes in each germ cell are cut in half.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

[ { "value": "during meiosis", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, gametes can fuse (i.e. fertilization) to form a diploid zygote that contains two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

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[ { "text": "The total number of primary oocytes�about 7 million�is produced in the female fetus� ovaries by 5 months of gestation in the mother", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

[]

[ { "text": "x) Number of chromosomes found in a single complete set Chromosome number", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" }, { "text": "Haploid cells only have one set of chromosomes - half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.", "source": "https://askabiologist.asu.edu/cell-division" } ]

[ { "value": "from the father", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "from the mother", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "One set of 23 chromosomes is inherited from the mother, and the complementary set is inherited from the father.", "source": "https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biology-and-genetics/genetics-and-genetic-engineering/zygote" }, { "text": "One set of 23 chromosomes is inherited from the mother, and the complementary set is inherited from the father.", "source": "https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biology-and-genetics/genetics-and-genetic-engineering/zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "The developing seedling will rely on the food reserves stored in the cotyledons until the first set of leaves begin photosynthesis.", "source": "https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/double-fertilization/" }, { "text": "The developing seedling will rely on the food reserves stored in the cotyledons until the first set of leaves begin photosynthesis.", "source": "https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/32%3A_Plant_Reproductive_Development_and_Structure/32.2%3A_Pollination_and_Fertilization/32.2D%3A_Double_Fertilization_in_Plants" } ]

[ { "value": "often", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 }, { "value": "between the homologs", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Then each set of homologs pair with each other and exchange genetic information by homologous recombination often leading to physical connections (crossovers) between the homologs.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

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[ { "text": "As the 2 sets of chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the zygote, a crease begins to form along the equator marking the impending line of division.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" } ]

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[ { "text": "While embryogenesis has been studied for more than a century, it was only recently (the past 25 years or so) that scientists discovered that a basic set of the same proteins and mRNAs are involved in embryogenesis.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_fate_determination" } ]

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[ { "text": "The fundamental results of fertilization are the following: (1) reassociation of a male and female set of chromosomes, thus restoring the full number and providing the basis for biparental inheritance and for variation), (2) establishment of the mechanism of sex determination for the new individual (this depending on whether the male set of chromosomes included the X or the Y chromosome), and (3) activation of the zygote, initiating further development.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/prenatal-development" } ]

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[ { "text": "Therefore, a complete set of building instructions, carried on coiled strands of DNA, are replicated every time the cell divides, so each new cell always has a copy of the genetic code.", "source": "https://quizlet.com/144355393/lifespan-development-chapter-3-flash-cards/" } ]

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[ { "text": "A haploid set that consists of a single complete set of chromosomes (equal to the monoploid set), as shown in the picture above, must belong to a diploid species.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "Sets of three bases, called codons, are read in the ribosome, the organelle responsible for making proteins.", "source": "https://sites.google.com/site/lifesciencesinmaine/5-cell-division-reproduction-and-dna" } ]

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[ { "text": "A haploid set that consists of a single complete set of chromosomes (equal to the monoploid set), as shown in the picture above, must belong to a diploid species.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "Based on these observations, we conclude that the minimal set of rules enables the embryo to experiment with stochastic gene expression and could provide the robustness necessary for the evolutionary diversification of the preimplantation gene regulatory network.", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Blastocyst_Development" } ]

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[ { "text": "Aneuploidy is the state where one or more individual chromosomes of a normal set are absent or present in more than their usual number of copies (excluding the absence or presence of complete sets, which is considered euploidy).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "The fundamental results of fertilization are the following: (1) reassociation of a male and female set of chromosomes, thus restoring the full number and providing the basis for biparental inheritance and for variation), (2) establishment of the mechanism of sex determination for the new individual (this depending on whether the male set of chromosomes included the X or the Y chromosome), and (3) activation of the zygote, initiating further development.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/prenatal-development" } ]

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[ { "text": "And these are [a] critical transition from a diploid cell to a haploid cell to allow normal reproduction to occur, so that when these two haploid cells come together with a single set of genetic information--single chromosomes--they can come together into a so-called zygote made of when the egg cell and the sperm cell ...", "source": "https://en.mimi.hu/biology/zygote.html" } ]

[ { "value": "genetically", "type": "MANNER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Chimeras can often breed, but the fertility and type of offspring depends on which cell line gave rise to the ovaries or testes; varying degrees of intersex differences may result if one set of cells is genetically female and another genetically male.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimera_%28genetics%29" } ]

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[ { "text": "Based on these observations, we conclude that the minimal set of rules enables the embryo to experiment with stochastic gene expression and could provide the robustness necessary for the evolutionary diversification of the preimplantation gene regulatory network.", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Blastocyst_Development" } ]

[ { "value": "in transition", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Interestingly, a small set of five cells, all from the same embryo, expressed some markers of both EPI and PE, suggesting cells in transition.", "source": "https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(10)00110-3" } ]

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[ { "text": "If a haploid set consists of two sets, it must be of a tetraploid (four sets) species.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "The human twin birth rate in the United States rose 76% from 1980 through 2009, from 9.4 to 16.7 twin sets (18.8 to 33.3 twins) per 1,000 births.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin" } ]

[ { "value": "with 23 chromosomes", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "When the egg and sperm are formed, the two sets of chromosomes divide evenly, from 46 to 23 chromsomes to produce eggs and sperm with 23 chromosomes each.", "source": "https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biology-and-genetics/genetics-and-genetic-engineering/zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "Fertilization of one egg by two sperm is possible, but the resulting zygote is almost never viable because such a zygote would have three sets of chromosomes instead of the normal two.", "source": "https://www.reference.com/science/can-two-sperm-fertilize-one-egg-d1ebbcbe1dc3d030" } ]

[ { "value": "every time the cell divides", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Therefore, a complete set of building instructions, carried on coiled strands of DNA, are replicated every time the cell divides, so each new cell always has a copy of the genetic code.", "source": "https://quizlet.com/144355393/lifespan-development-chapter-3-flash-cards/" } ]

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[ { "text": "The chromosomal set of the gametes has to be reduced to half so that when the gametes combine at fertilization the integrity of the chromosomal set can be maintained across generations.", "source": "https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "(each 1 cell with 1 complete set of DNA that fuses together to become 1 cell with 2 complete sets that is now unique)", "source": "https://www.quora.com/How-many-cells-does-a-zygote-consist" } ]

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[ { "text": "The somatic cells in a wheat plant have six sets of 7 chromosomes: three sets from the egg and three sets from the sperm which fused to form the plant, giving a total of 42 chromosomes.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "primary, and haploid cells (those with a single set of chromosomes [23 chromosomes]) are called secondary.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

[ { "value": "with 23 chromosomes", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "When the egg and sperm are formed, the two sets of chromosomes divide evenly, from 46 to 23 chromsomes to produce eggs and sperm with 23 chromosomes each.", "source": "https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biology-and-genetics/genetics-and-genetic-engineering/zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "This is the moment of conception, when an individual’s unique set of DNA is created, a human signature that never existed before and will never be repeated.", "source": "https://www.lifenews.com/2015/01/08/41-quotes-from-medical-textbooks-prove-human-life-begins-at-conception/" } ]

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[ { "text": "The fundamental results of fertilization are the following: (1) reassociation of a male and female set of chromosomes, thus restoring the full number and providing the basis for biparental inheritance and for variation), (2) establishment of the mechanism of sex determination for the new individual (this depending on whether the male set of chromosomes included the X or the Y chromosome), and (3) activation of the zygote, initiating further development.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/prenatal-development" } ]

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[ { "text": "Somatic cells, tissues, and individual organisms can be described according to the number of sets of chromosomes present (the \"ploidy level\"):", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete (such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes (haploid) combines with another to produce an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes (diploid).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" } ]

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[ { "text": "The zygote incorporates genetic material from both gametes.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" }, { "text": "The zygote develops into the embryo following the instruction encoded in its genetic material, the DNA.", "source": "https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6074" } ]

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[ { "text": "This temporary partial diploid state may lead to recombination between the corresponding portions of the DNA, so that the genetic material of the donor may be incorporated into the chromosome of the recipient, thereby altering the genotype of the recipient.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merozygote" } ]