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The Bible has numerous commands to praise God. Both Jews and Gentiles as well as all living things including plants and animals are invited to praise God. For instance, in Psalm 150, the Psalmist says that everything that has breath should praise the Lord. But for us to effectively praise God, we must start by understanding what the Bible means by praise – and a good place to start is by doing a Hebrew word study. So, what are the 7 Hebrew words for praise?
The Jewish people in the Old Testament praised God in various ways, resulting in several unique names that all help us express our adoration for God. The seven Hebrew words they used for praise are hallel, shabach, tehillah, barak, towdah, yadah and zamar.
Let us take a closer look at each of these.
Hallel: Extravagant Praise
Hallel is a Hebrew word that means to praise extravagantly or to express joy. Often, the Hebrew word of praise hallel combines with the name of God to show to whom we are directing the praise or to portray further why we are praising.
That’s because the name of the Lord reveals a specific characteristic. For instance, if you want to praise God because He is a creator, you would say praise Yahweh; if you want to praise God for being your provider, you’ll say praise Jehovah Jireh. Hence, we can praise God by calling His name. The Bible says in Psalms 148:13: Let them praise the name of the LORD: for his name alone is excellent; his glory is above the earth and heaven.”
Extravagant praise is seen when David brought the ark to Jerusalem. Often, we don’t let loose and praise fully with all our hearts because we are afraid of what others might think of us. However, David, absorbed in extravagant praise (hallel) did not care if he looked undignified. He was not afraid of giving God extravagant praise.
Zamar: Praise With Musical Instruments
When translated, Zamar means to praise God through music or instruments. According to the Hebrew Dictionary, Zamar, pronounced as zaw-mar’, has three meanings:
- To sing praise or sing
- To play a musical instrument
- To make music
As a primitive root, the meaning of zamar is related to singing forth praises or touching the strings or parts of an instrument to make music. Examples of where the Hebrew word Zamar is used in the Bible include:
- Sing praises to the LORD, O you his saints, and give thanks to his holy name (Psalm 30:4).
- My heart, O God, is steadfast, my heart is steadfast; I will sing and make music. Awake, my soul! Awake, harp and lyre! I will awaken the dawn. I will praise you, Lord, among the nations; I will sing of you among the peoples (Psalm 57:7-9).
The power of musical instruments is illustrated in the Bible, where David would play the lyre with his hand, and the evil spirits tormenting Saul would go away (1 Samuel 16:23).
Yadah: Praise With Extended Hands
Yadah, pronounced “Yaw-daw,” comes from two root words: YAD, which means open hand, and AH, which refers to Jehovah. When the two words are combined, they translate to praise with extended hands.
Two examples where the word yadah is used in scripture include:
- I will praise you as long as I live, and in your name, I will lift up my hands (Psalm 63:4).
- May all the kings of the earth praise you, Lord, when they hear what you have decreed (Psalm 138:4).
Tehillah: Joyful Praise
This Hebrew word means joyful or song of praise. It’s the type of praise that involves singing, shouting, and making holy noise using instruments. In the Bible, the first tehillah is seen when the Israelites break into praise by singing after seeing the Egyptians were killed by the waters of the Red Sea.
Examples in the Bible where the word tehillah is used include:
- The Lord is my strength and my shield; my heart trusts in him, and he helps me. My heart leaps for joy, and with my song, I praise him (Psalm 28:7)
- Sing to him, sing praise to him; tell of all his wonderful acts (Psalm 105:2).
Barak: Praise By Kneeling
Barak, pronounced baw-rak’, is a Hebrew word that means to praise or to kneel. When translated, it also means to bless. Kneeling is a way to show humility, respect, and submission to God. It’s also a physical act of adoration and complete surrender. Barak is the opposite of Halal (unrestrained, exuberant, and joyful praise). Praising God while kneeling is often associated with bearing a heavy burden. Its praise offered in difficult circumstances, such as persecution, suffering, or trials.
Examples in the Bible where the word barak is used include Psalm 30:1-4 and Psalm 34:1
Todah: Praise Through Thanksgiving
Todah is a Hebrew word that means praise and thanksgiving. When translated literally, it means giving praise by thanking God for all that He has done. Examples of where todah is used in the Bible include:
- We, your people, the sheep of your pasture, will give thanks to you forever; from generation to generation, we will recount your praise (Psalm 79:13).
- Let us come before His Presence with thanksgiving (todah), and make a joyful noise unto Him with psalms (Psalm 95:2).
Enter his gates with thanksgiving and his courts with praise; give thanks to him and praise his name (Psalm 100:4).
While this thanksgiving praise was mostly mentioned in the Old Testament, its message is reiterated in the New Testament, where God commands us to offer a sacrifice of praise called the fruit of our lips (Hebrews 13:15). A praise of thanksgiving is often given by someone whose prayer has been answered and those who want to proclaim the goodness of God or to show recognition that everything we have is a gift from Jehovah Jireh.
Shabach: Loud Praise
Shabach is a Hebrew word for praise that also means to address in a loud tone. When translated, it also means to laud, commend, or give a triumphant shout of praise. -Examples of where shabach is used in the Bible include:
Every day I will praise you and extol your name forever and ever. Great is the Lord and most worthy of praise; his greatness no one can fathom. One generation commends your works to another; they tell of your mighty acts (Psalm 145:2-4).
- Extol the Lord, Jerusalem; praise your God, Zion (Psalm 147:12 ).
- A good example of where a shabach is seen in the Bible is when the walls of Jericho came down after the people of Israel gave a mighty shout (Joshua 6:20).
Unlike the English language which has one word of praise, there are seven Hebrew words for praise: halal, tehillah, yadah, todah, barak, zamar, and shabach. Each Hebrew word for praise has a distinct meaning that provides insight into different ways of praising God, be it by kneeling, dancing, shouting, or including a musical instrument. | Biblia ina amri nyingi za kumsifu Mungu. Wayahudi na watu wa mataifa mengine, na viumbe wote walio hai, pamoja na mimea na wanyama, wanaalikwa kumsifu Mungu. "Kwa mfano, katika Zaburi 150:1, 2 mtunga-zaburi anasema: ""Kila kitu kilicho na pumzi na kimsifu BWANA.""" Lakini ili tuweze kumsifu Mungu kwa ufanisi, ni lazima tuanze kwa kuelewa kile ambacho Biblia inamaanisha kwa sifa <unk> na mahali pazuri pa kuanza ni kwa kufanya utafiti wa neno la Kiebrania. "Kwa hiyo, maneno hayo saba ya Kiebrania yanamaanisha nini?""" Wayahudi katika Agano la Kale walimsifu Mungu kwa njia mbalimbali, na hivyo kupata majina kadhaa ya pekee ambayo yanatusaidia sisi sote kumsifu Mungu. "Neno saba za Kiebrania ambazo walitumia kwa ajili ya sifa ni ""Haleli,"" ""Shabeki,"" ""Tehila,"" ""Barak,"" ""Todah,"" ""Yada,"" na ""Zamar.""" Hebu tuchunguze kila moja ya mambo hayo kwa makini zaidi. "Haleli ni neno la Kiebrania linalomaanisha ""kusifiwa kwa wingi"" au ""kuonyesha shangwe.""" "Kama neno la Kiebrania haleli linatumiwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Biblia, linamaanisha ""mwenye sisi tumsifu"" au ""mwenye sisi tumsifu.""" Hiyo ni kwa sababu jina la Bwana linafunua sifa fulani hususa. Kwa mfano, ikiwa unataka kumsifu Mungu kwa sababu Yeye ni muumba, utasema kumsifu Yahweh; ikiwa unataka kumsifu Mungu kwa kuwa mtoaji wako, utasema kumsifu Yahweh Jireh. Kwa hiyo, tunaweza kumsifu Mungu kwa kuliita jina lake. "Zaburi 148:13 inasema: ""Na walisifu jina la BWANA, kwa maana jina lake peke yake ni bora; utukufu wake ni juu ya nchi na mbinguni."" (Zaburi 148:13) Kwa sababu ya sifa hiyo, Yehova aliweka sanduku la agano la Mungu juu ya Daudi." Mara nyingi, hatupumziki na kusifu kikamili kwa mioyo yetu yote kwa sababu tunaogopa kile wengine wanaweza kufikiri juu yetu. Hata hivyo, Daudi, akiwa amechukuliwa na sifa za kupita kiasi (hallel) hakujali kama alionekana asiye na heshima. Hakuogopa kumsifu Mungu kwa njia ya kupita kiasi. "Zamar: ""Kutumia ala za muziki kumsifu Mungu""" "Kwa mujibu wa Kamusi ya Kiebrania, neno Zamar, linalotamkwa kama ""za-mar,"" lina maana tatu: ""kuimba sifa au kuimba,"" ""kucheza ala ya muziki,"" ""kufanya muziki.""" "Mfano wa neno la Kiebrania ""Zama"" katika Biblia ni: ""Mwimbeni BWANA sifa, enyi watakatifu wake, na kumshukuru jina lake takatifu.""" Moyo wangu, Ee Mungu, umedumu, moyo wangu umedumu; nitaimba na kupiga muziki. Amka, nafsi yangu! Amkeni, ala na kinubi! Nitaamsha mapambazuko. Nitakushukuru, Ee Bwana, miongoni mwa mataifa; Nitakuimba miongoni mwa watu (Zaburi 57: 7-9). "Kama vile ilivyo katika Biblia, Daudi alionyesha nguvu za ala za muziki kwa kupiga kinubi kwa mkono wake, na roho mbaya zilizomtendea Sauli vibaya ziliondoka.""" "Yada (kushukuru kwa mikono iliyoinuliwa) ni neno la Kiebrania linalotokana na neno ""Yada"" linalomaanisha ""kinywa"" na ""Aha"" linalomaanisha ""Yehova.""" Maneno hayo mawili yanapochanganywa, yanatafsiriwa kuwa sifa kwa mikono iliyoinuliwa. "Mfano mmoja wa neno la Mungu ""YHWH"" katika Biblia ni Zaburi 63:4: ""Nitakusifu maadamu ni hai, na kwa jina lako nitainua mikono yangu.""" "Mfalme wote wa dunia na wakutukuze, Ee BWANA, watakaposikia yale uliyoamuru."" - Zaburi 138:4." "Tehillah: ""Wimbo wa Shangwe"" Neno hili la Kiebrania linamaanisha ""wimbo wa furaha.""" Ni aina ya sifa inayohusisha kuimba, kupiga kelele, na kutokeza kelele takatifu kwa kutumia ala za muziki. Katika Biblia, tahillah ya kwanza inaonekana wakati Waisraeli wanapovunja katika sifa kwa kuimba baada ya kuona Wamisri waliuawa na maji ya Bahari Nyekundu. "Mfano wa neno hili katika Biblia ni ""Tehillah"" (Yehova ni nguvu yangu na ngao yangu, moyo wangu unamwamini, naye ananisaidia)." Moyo wangu unaruka kwa furaha, nami nitamsifu kwa wimbo wangu (Zaburi 28:7) - Mwimbeni, mwimbeni sifa; mwelezeni matendo yake yote ya ajabu (Zaburi 105: 2). "Barak: ""Kushukuru"" kwa kupiga magoti Baraka, hutamkwa baw-rak<unk>, ni neno la Kiebrania linalomaanisha ""kusifiwa"" au ""kuinama.""" Linapotafsiriwa, linamaanisha pia kubariki. Kuanguka magoti ni njia ya kuonyesha unyenyekevu, heshima, na kujitiisha kwa Mungu. Pia ni tendo la kimwili la kuabudu na kujisalimisha kabisa. Baraka ni kinyume cha Halal (sifa isiyo na vizuizi, yenye msisimko, na yenye shangwe). Kumsifu Mungu huku ukipiga magoti mara nyingi huhusianishwa na kubeba mzigo mzito. Sifa hiyo ilitolewa katika hali ngumu, kama vile mateso, mateso, au majaribu. "Kwa mfano, katika Biblia, neno ""baraka"" linatumiwa katika Zaburi 30:1-4 na Zaburi 34:1-2 na katika Zaburi 34:1-2 na Zaburi 34:1-2 na Zaburi 34:1-2 na Zaburi 34:1-2 na Zaburi 34:1-3." "Kutokana na tafsiri ya neno hilo, neno hilo linamaanisha ""kumsifu Mungu kwa kumshukuru kwa yote aliyofanya.""" "Mfano wa neno ""Toda"" katika Biblia ni: ""Sisi, watu wako, kondoo wa malisho yako, tutakushukuru milele; kutoka kizazi hadi kizazi tutasimulia sifa yako.""" "Tusimame mbele zake kwa shukrani, na kumshangilia kwa nyimbo za shangwe."" - Zaburi 95:2." "Ningeni milango yake kwa shukrani, na nyua zake kwa sifa; mshukuru, msifu jina lake.""" "Hata kama sifa hii ya shukrani ilitajwa hasa katika Agano la Kale, ujumbe wake unarejeshwa katika Agano Jipya, ambapo Mungu anatuamuru kutoa dhabihu ya sifa inayoitwa ""matunda ya midomo yetu"" (Waebrania 13:15)." "Mwisho wa shukrani kwa Mungu ni ""mwenye maombi yake yamejibiwa"" na ""mwenye kutangaza wema wa Mungu au kuonyesha utambuzi kwamba kila kitu tunacho ni zawadi kutoka kwa Yehova.""" "Shab'a ni neno la Kiebrania linalomaanisha ""kusifiwa,"" na linamaanisha ""kuzungumza kwa sauti kubwa.""" Linapotafsiriwa, linamaanisha pia kusifu, kupongeza, au kupiga kelele ya sifa kwa ushindi. "Mfano wa neno ""shabalah"" katika Biblia ni ""Siku zote nitakutukuza na kulisifu jina lako milele na milele.""" Bwana ni mkuu, na anastahili sifa nyingi; Utukufu wake hakuna awezaye kuufahamu. Kizazi kimoja huisifu kazi zako kwa kizazi kingine; husimulia matendo yako ya nguvu (Zaburi 145:2-4). "Msifu BWANA, Ee Yerusalemu; Msifu Mungu wako, Ee Sayuni."" - Zaburi 147:12." Mfano mzuri wa shaba katika Biblia ni wakati kuta za Yeriko zilipoanguka baada ya watu wa Israeli kupiga kelele kwa nguvu (Yoshua 6:20). "Kama ilivyo katika lugha ya Kiebrania, kuna maneno saba ya Kiebrania yanayotafsiriwa kwa maneno ya kipekee: ""halal,"" ""tehillah,"" ""yadah,"" ""todah,"" ""barak,"" ""zamar,"" na ""shabakh.""" "Kila neno la Kiebrania linalotumiwa kwa neno ""sifa"" lina maana tofauti, na hilo linatuonyesha njia tofauti-tofauti za kumsifu Mungu, iwe ni kwa kupiga magoti, kucheza dansi, kupiga kelele, au kutumia ala ya muziki." | <urn:uuid:246c1672-6ef3-4f63-b97f-a427da2522af> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://walkingcrossroads.com/7-hebrew-words-for-praise-hallel-shabach-tehillah-barak-towdah-yadah-and-zama/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Web Camera Observation Network
Web cameras are a low cost coastal observing platform transforming how environmental monitoring is conducted. Web camera data has demonstrated value to address significant gaps in the nation's ability to monitor and accurately forecast various weather, ocean, ecological and public health hazards. This project, Webcam Coastal Observation System (WebCOOS), promotes low cost webcams to:
Over six partners have joined forces to install a web camera, water level sensor, and an air quality monitor at the South Carolina Maritime Museum located on the banks of the Sampit River in Georgetown, SC.
The public can now watch marine mammal releases by The Marine Mammal Center in Point Reyes National Seashore thanks to a new partnership with WebCOOS.
The WebCOOS website was shared as Hurricane Ian was approaching. This new observing system allows users to stream live camera feeds in real-time in some locations, and see snapshot images in other locations.
NOAA released a new operational rip current model that will improve beach safety through sophisticated rip current forecasts. NOAA plans to validate the model using shoreline footage from SECOORA's Webcam Coastal Observation System (WebCOOS) network.
SECOORA was awarded a $1.1 million grant to launch a sustained network of low-cost webcams throughout the Southeast, which will build off of the successful pilot project, the Web Camera Applications Testbed.
SECOORA's 2019 Data Challenge Winner, Matthew Conlin, a PhD student at the University of Florida, has developed an easy tool to remotely calibrate web camera images for use in measuring changes in coastal and nearshore environments. | Kamera ya Wavuti ya Wavuti ya Wavuti ni jukwaa la chini la kuchunguza pwani linalobadilisha jinsi ufuatiliaji wa mazingira unavyofanywa. Takwimu za kamera za wavuti zimeonyesha thamani ya kushughulikia mapungufu makubwa katika uwezo wa taifa kufuatilia na kutabiri kwa usahihi hatari mbalimbali za hali ya hewa, bahari, ikolojia na afya ya umma. Webcam Coastal Observation System (WebCOOS) ni mradi wa kimataifa wa kamera za pwani za pwani, ambao unashirikiana na kampuni ya South Carolina Maritime Museum, ambayo iko kwenye ukingo wa Mto Sampit, katika jimbo la South Carolina. Maonyesho ya wanyama wa baharini yaweza kuonekana katika kituo cha Marine Mammal Center katika Point Reyes National Seashore, kwa kushirikiana na Webcosmos. Tovuti ya WebCOOS ilishirikiwa wakati Kimbunga Ian kilikuwa kinakaribia. Mfumo huu mpya wa uchunguzi unaruhusu watumiaji kusambaza kamera moja kwa moja kwa wakati halisi katika maeneo fulani, na kuona picha za picha katika maeneo mengine. NOAA imetoa mfano mpya wa sasa wa uendeshaji wa rip ambayo itaboresha usalama wa pwani kupitia utabiri wa kisasa wa sasa wa rip. NOAA imepanga kuthibitisha mfano huo kwa kutumia picha za pwani kutoka kwa mtandao wa SECOORA wa Webcam Coastal Observation System (WebCOOS). SECORA ilipewa ruzuku ya $ 1.1 milioni kuzindua mtandao wa kudumu wa kamera za wavuti za gharama nafuu kote Kusini Mashariki, ambayo itajenga mradi wa majaribio uliofanikiwa, Webcam Applications Testbed. Mshindi wa changamoto ya data ya SECORA ya 2019, Matthew Conlin, mwanafunzi wa PhD katika Chuo Kikuu cha Florida, amebuni chombo rahisi cha kupima picha za kamera ya wavuti kwa mbali kwa matumizi katika kupima mabadiliko katika mazingira ya pwani na karibu. | <urn:uuid:aab850e4-87b7-4f1e-ac4f-b20966ced4a1> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://webcoos.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Desert Botanical Garden in Phoenix Features More Than Just Cactus
When you think of a botanical garden, you may envision lush greenery, blooming flowers, and bright colorful flowers. Phoenix's Desert Botanical Garden has some of that plus cactus.
History of the Desert Botanical Garden
In the mid-1930s, Gustaf Starck, a Swedish botanist began recruiting other desert lovers to conserve the desert environment of the Arizona Sonoran Desert. This group of Phoenix citizens formed the Arizona Cactus and Native Flora Society to develop a botanical garden. In 1939, Gertrude Divine Webster, a wealthy Arcadia resident, lent her financial support and helped found the Desert Botanical Garden in southeast Phoenix, Arizona.
Desert Botanical Garden Mission
The mission of the Desert Botanical Garden, according to the Sonoran Quarterly, the official magazine of the Garden, follows:
The Garden's commitment to the community is to advanced excellence in education, research, exhibition, and conservation of desert plants of the world with emphasis on the Southwestern United States. We will ensure that the Garden is always a compelling attraction that brings to life the many wonders of the desert.
Wildlife at the Phoenix Botanical Garden
The wildlife at the Phoenix Desert Botanical Garden is surprising. The typical desert lizards can be seen while walking on the paths around the Garden. Small lizards like this one who was sunbathing on a rock can be seen if you keep your eyes open.
Larger lizards like this guy also make their home at desert botanical gardens. These are rarer but can be seen too.
Have you ever visited a desert botanical garden?
More Wildlife at the Garden
This ground squirrel was scurrying about on a recent visit to the Desert Botanical Garden. He was out in the open, but when we approached, he ran and tried to hide. I think the shadows made him think he was invisible. He blended in to the rocks and sand very well and if you didn't know he was there, it would have been easy to miss him.
This little guy is a chipmunk, I think. His stripes help him stand out a little more. He too took refuge near a plant, but he chose a cactus. Just don't get too close!
Birds at the Garden
This pigeon was enjoying the small fountain at the entrance of the Desert Botanical Garden. Several fountains are scattered throughout the garden and offer a place for birds and animals to cool off and get a sip of water. It's almost always hot in the desert, after all.
This bird was perched high on a saguaro cactus. I was taking a picture of the blooms but saw that the bird was posing too.
The What, When, and Where of the Desert Botanical Garden
The Garden offers a chance to see cactus that bloom at different times of day, as well as desert wildflowers.
The Garden is open year round from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. It opens at 6 a.m. on Sundays and Wednesdays for members.
The Desert Botanical Garden is a located at 1201 N. Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, Arizona 85008 in Papago Park.
The Garden has special exhibits throughout the year like the Butterfly House exhibit in the spring and the Monarch Butterflies in the Fall.
Audio tours are available free for members or for a small fee with a one-day visitor's pass.
Check ParkGrades for reviews of the Desert Botanical Garden or reviews of another botanical garden you want to visit.
Park Grades is also great for finding parks, beaches, and museums across the United States and parts of Canada. | Mbuga ya Botaniki ya Phoenix ina vitu vingi zaidi ya mimea ya cactus. Hifadhi ya Botaniki ya Phoenix Desert ina baadhi ya hayo pamoja na cactus. Katika miaka ya 1930s, Gustaf Stark, mtaalamu wa mimea wa Sweden, alianza kuajiri wapenzi wengine wa jangwa ili kuhifadhi mazingira ya jangwa la Arizona Sonoran. Kikundi hiki cha raia wa Phoenix kiliunda Chama cha Arizona Cactus na Native Flora ili kuendeleza bustani ya mimea. Mwaka 1939 Gertrude Divine Webster, mwanamke tajiri wa Arcadia, alisaidia kuanzisha bustani ya mimea ya Desert Botanical Garden, kusini-mashariki mwa Phoenix, Arizona. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika jarida la Sonoran Quarterly, ""Ujumbe wa Bustani ya Botaniki ya Jangwa ni: kujitolea kwa jamii kwa ubora wa juu katika elimu, utafiti, maonyesho, na uhifadhi wa mimea ya jangwa ya ulimwengu, na msisitizo juu ya Kusini Magharibi mwa Marekani.""" Tutahakikisha kwamba bustani daima ni kivutio cha kuvutia ambacho huleta maisha ya maajabu mengi ya jangwa. Mimea ya Phoenix Desert Botanical Garden Nyigu wa kawaida wa jangwani waweza kuonekana unapotembea kwenye njia zinazozunguka Bustani. Nyigu wadogo kama huyu aliyekuwa akichukua jua kwenye mwamba wanaweza kuonekana ikiwa utaweka macho yako wazi. Nyigu wakubwa kama huyu pia huishi katika bustani za mimea za jangwani. Hizi ni nadra zaidi lakini zaweza kuonekana pia. Je, umewahi kutembelea bustani ya mimea ya jangwani? Wanyama Wengine wa Wanyama katika Bustani Alikuwa nje katika nafasi ya wazi, lakini tulipokaribia, alikimbia na kujaribu kujificha. Nadhani vivuli vilimfanya aamini kwamba hakuonekana. Alijiunga vizuri na miamba na mchanga na ikiwa usingelijua alikuwapo, ingekuwa rahisi kumkosa. Mtu huyu mdogo ni chipmunk, nadhani. Mistari yake humsaidia kujitokeza zaidi. Yeye pia alijificha karibu na mmea, lakini alichagua mti wa cactus. Tu si kupata karibu sana! Ndege katika Bustani Njiwa huyu alikuwa akifurahia chemchemi ndogo kwenye mlango wa Bustani ya Mimea ya Jangwa. Kuna chemchemi kadhaa katika bustani hiyo, na ndege na wanyama wanaweza kupotea na kunywa maji. Ni karibu daima moto katika jangwa, baada ya yote. Ndege huyo alikuwa amepanda juu ya mti wa saguaro. Nilikuwa nikipiga picha ya maua lakini nikaona kwamba ndege huyo alikuwa akipiga picha pia. Katika eneo la bustani ya Botaniki ya Desert, unaweza kuona maua ya cactus na maua ya mwituni. Bustani ni wazi mwaka mzima kutoka 7 a.m. hadi 8 p.m. Inafunguliwa saa 6 asubuhi Jumapili na Jumatano kwa wanachama. Bustani ya Botaniki ya Jangwa iko katika 1201 N. Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008 katika Papago Park. Hifadhi ina maonyesho maalum mwaka mzima kama maonyesho ya Nyumba ya Nyota katika majira ya kuchipua na Nyota za Monarch katika vuli. Ziara za sauti zinapatikana bila malipo kwa wanachama au kwa ada ndogo na pasi ya mgeni wa siku moja. ParkGrades ni tovuti ya kitaalamu ya bustani ya mimea ya Desert Botanical Garden, ambayo ni moja ya bustani za mimea za mimea za Desert Botanical Garden. Park Grades pia ni kubwa kwa ajili ya kupata mbuga, fukwe, na makumbusho kote Marekani na sehemu za Canada. | <urn:uuid:bd27bb01-2155-4739-9c2a-02341e4dea67> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://wizzley.com/desert-botanical-garden-in-phoenix-features-more-than-just-cactus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
The production of new compounds or products (plant health products, cosmetics, food industry, etc.) from plants and microorganisms is now possible thanks to the development of biotechnology.
From the identification of a strain of bacteria to large-scale fermentation (Biodemo) and the pilot plant in between, ARD has all the facilities required for the large-scale purification and production of bio-based molecules (biopolymers, succinic acid, DHA, etc.).
This cutting-edge equipment can also enable companies to speed up their products' time to market.
Solutions for excellence in farming: Screening, development, formulation of microorganisms, field trials, and industrial scale-up of production.
Over time, this age-old practice has become more complex and technology-intense, requiring specific cutting-edge equipment to extract the desired active ingredients from plants.
From the production of substrates to the isolation of natural substances, processing fermentation must (DSP) and biorefining, ARD's teams have in-depth knowledge of all the processes needed to produce valuable molecules at different scales.
Closely related to white biotechnology, green chemistry (or plant chemistry) can be used to produce synthetic molecules from a biodegradable and renewable source: plants. Its aim is to replace many fossil fuel-based molecules in order to produce new compounds for use in cosmetics, agro-industry (bioplastics), civil engineering, and detergents with the production of alternative solvents.
With recognised expertise in the biotechnology sector – from plant fractionation to chemistry – ARD helps companies and start-ups to develop unique processes and test and scale them up using its wide range of equipment.
ARD's teams can also do pre-production runs, or analyse raw materials and products (analysis team).
In order to meet the demand for sustainability that many companies are currently confronted with, ARD's environmental team can also analyse and monitor the environmental impact (atmospheric, eco-toxicity, biodegradability, etc.) of their customer's activity. | Uzalishaji wa misombo mpya au bidhaa (bidhaa za afya ya mimea, vipodozi, sekta ya chakula, nk.) Kwa sasa, kwa sababu ya maendeleo ya teknolojia ya kibiolojia, ni rahisi kupata dawa kutoka kwa mimea na viumbe vidogo. Kuanzia utambulisho wa aina ya bakteria hadi fermentation ya kiwango kikubwa (Biodemo) na kiwanda cha majaribio kati, ARD ina vifaa vyote vinavyohitajika kwa ajili ya kusafisha kwa kiwango kikubwa na uzalishaji wa molekuli za bio (biopolymers, asidi ya succinic, DHA, nk). Vifaa hivi vya hali ya juu pia vinaweza kuwezesha makampuni kuharakisha wakati wa bidhaa zao kufika sokoni. Suluhisho kwa ajili ya ubora katika kilimo: Uchunguzi, maendeleo, uundaji wa viumbe vidogo, majaribio ya shamba, na kiwango cha viwanda cha uzalishaji. Baada ya muda, zoea hili la kale limekuwa tata zaidi na linahitaji teknolojia nyingi, na linahitaji vifaa maalum vya hali ya juu ili kupata viungo vinavyotakiwa kutoka kwa mimea. Kutoka kwa uzalishaji wa substrates hadi kutengwa kwa vitu vya asili, usindikaji, fermentation, must (DSP) na biorefining, timu za ARD zina ujuzi wa kina wa michakato yote inayohitajika kutengeneza molekuli zenye thamani katika viwango tofauti. "Kama vile biotechnology, ""kijani"" kemia inaweza kutumika kutengeneza molekuli za synthetic kutoka kwa chanzo cha biodegradable na mbadala: mimea." Lengo lake ni kuchukua nafasi ya molekuli nyingi za mafuta ya mafuta ili kutengeneza misombo mpya ya matumizi katika vipodozi, viwanda vya kilimo (bioplastics), uhandisi wa ujenzi, na vifaa vya kuosha kwa uzalishaji wa vimumunyifu mbadala. Pamoja na utaalam unaotambuliwa katika sekta ya bioteknolojia - kutoka kwa sehemu ya mmea hadi kemia - ARD inasaidia kampuni na kuanza-up kuendeleza michakato ya kipekee na kujaribu na kupanua kwa kutumia vifaa vyake mbalimbali. Timu za ARD pia zinaweza kufanya majaribio ya kabla ya uzalishaji, au kuchambua malighafi na bidhaa (timu ya uchambuzi). Kwa sababu ya mahitaji ya uendelevu ambayo makampuni mengi yanakabiliwa nayo sasa, timu ya mazingira ya ARD inaweza pia kuchambua na kufuatilia athari za mazingira (anga, sumu ya mazingira, biodegradability, nk). ya shughuli za wateja wao. | <urn:uuid:19638b00-f3ef-4807-bda7-d5cff2f6c189> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.a-r-d.fr/en/domaines-dexpertise | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
In today's world, the need for sustainable energy solutions has become more critical than ever. As we are moving towards a greener future, the integration of renewable energy sources with IoT-based energy metering has emerged as a game-changer. This blog will explore the fusion of renewable energy sources and IoT-based energy metering, outlining the benefits and potential it holds for a smarter, more sustainable world.
IoT, or the Internet of Things, has revolutionized several industries, and energy monitoring is no exception. IoT-based energy meters enable real-time monitoring and analysis of energy consumption, giving individuals and businesses greater control and insights into their energy usage patterns. These smart meters eliminate the need for manual meter reading, making the entire process more efficient and accurate.
The deployment of IoT-based energy meters brings forth several advantages for both consumers and utility providers. Firstly, these smart meters enable remote monitoring, eliminating the need for physical visits to collect energy consumption data. This not only saves time and resources but also enables utility providers to address any issues promptly, reducing downtime. Additionally, IoT-based energy meters facilitate accurate billing based on real-time data, eliminating estimated billing and ensuring fair costs for consumers.
One of the most crucial aspects of sustainable energy integration is the seamless integration of renewable energy sources with IoT-based energy metering. By connecting IoT devices to solar panels, wind turbines, and other renewable energy systems, individuals and businesses can track their energy generation and consumption simultaneously. This integration allows for better optimization of energy usage and empowers users to make informed decisions to maximize their renewable energy generation and minimize dependency on conventional energy sources.
Renewable energy sources, such as solar panels, produce energy intermittently throughout the day. IoT-based energy metering enables the synchronization of energy generation data with energy consumption data, allowing users to monitor their overall energy balance effectively. This integration offers insights into surplus energy generation, which can be sold back to the grid or stored using energy storage systems like batteries. As a result, the integration of renewable energy sources with IoT-based energy metering not only promotes sustainability but also contributes to a more decentralized and resilient energy ecosystem.
The integration of renewable energy sources with IoT-based energy metering is a stepping stone towards building a smart grid infrastructure. With increasing renewable energy adoption, smart grids can efficiently manage energy flow among multiple renewable sources, storage systems, and consumers. The data obtained from IoT-based energy meters can be used by utility providers and policymakers to make informed decisions aimed at shaping a more sustainable energy landscape.
Furthermore, IoT-based energy metering can enable demand response programs, where consumers can adjust their energy consumption based on real-time energy prices. This promotes the efficient utilization of renewable energy resources during peak power demand, ultimately reducing overall energy consumption and costs.
The integration of renewable energy sources with IoT-based energy metering holds immense potential in our journey towards a sustainable and efficient energy landscape. By leveraging real-time data provided by IoT devices, individuals and businesses can optimize their energy consumption, reduce reliance on conventional energy sources, and contribute to a greener world. As we continue to witness advancements in IoT technology and renewable energy systems, the integration of these two domains will play a pivotal role in shaping a more sustainable future for all.
Related Articles about Acrel
Popular Acrel Energy Meter Products Recommended | Katika ulimwengu wa leo, uhitaji wa suluhisho endelevu za nishati umekuwa muhimu zaidi kuliko hapo awali. """Kama tunavyoelekea katika siku zijazo za kijani kibichi, kuunganisha vyanzo vya nishati mbadala na kipimo cha nishati cha IoT kimetokea kama mabadiliko ya mchezo." Blogi hii itachunguza mchanganyiko wa vyanzo vya nishati mbadala na kipimo cha nishati cha IoT, ikielezea faida na uwezo unaohifadhi kwa ulimwengu wa akili, endelevu zaidi. Internet of Things (IoT) imebadilisha sekta kadhaa za biashara na usimamizi wa nishati sio ubaguzi. Vipimo vya nishati vya IoT vinawezesha ufuatiliaji wa wakati halisi na uchambuzi wa matumizi ya nishati, na kutoa watu binafsi na biashara udhibiti mkubwa na ufahamu wa mifumo yao ya matumizi ya nishati. Vipimo hivi vya akili huondoa haja ya kusoma mita kwa mkono, na kufanya mchakato mzima uwe na ufanisi zaidi na sahihi. Utekelezaji wa mita za nishati za IoT huleta faida kadhaa kwa watumiaji na watoa huduma. Kwanza, mita hizi smart kuwezesha ufuatiliaji wa mbali, kuondoa haja ya ziara ya kimwili kukusanya data ya matumizi ya nishati. Hii si tu kuokoa muda na rasilimali lakini pia inawezesha watoa huduma ya kushughulikia masuala yoyote mara moja, kupunguza downtime. Kwa kuongezea, mita za nishati za IoT zinawezesha bili sahihi kulingana na data ya wakati halisi, kuondoa bili ya makadirio na kuhakikisha gharama za haki kwa watumiaji. Moja ya mambo muhimu zaidi ya ushirikiano wa nishati endelevu ni ushirikiano wa moja kwa moja wa vyanzo vya nishati mbadala na kipimo cha nishati cha IoT. Kwa kuunganisha vifaa vya IoT na paneli za jua, turbines za upepo, na mifumo mingine ya nishati mbadala, watu binafsi na biashara zinaweza kufuatilia uzalishaji wao wa nishati na matumizi kwa wakati mmoja. Kuunganisha hii inaruhusu optimization bora ya matumizi ya nishati na kuwezesha watumiaji kufanya maamuzi ya habari ili kuongeza uzalishaji wao wa nishati mbadala na kupunguza utegemezi juu ya vyanzo vya nishati ya kawaida. Vyanzo vya nishati vinavyoweza kurejeshwa, kama vile paneli za jua, hutokeza nishati kwa vipindi wakati wa siku. IoT-msingi umeme kipimo inawezesha synchronization ya nishati uzalishaji data na matumizi ya nishati data, kuruhusu watumiaji kufuatilia jumla yao nishati usawa ufanisi. Kuunganisha hii inatoa ufahamu katika uzalishaji wa nishati ya ziada, ambayo inaweza kuuzwa nyuma kwa gridi au kuhifadhiwa kwa kutumia mifumo ya kuhifadhi nishati kama vile betri. Kwa hivyo, kuunganisha vyanzo vya nishati mbadala na kipimo cha nishati cha IoT sio tu huendeleza uendelevu, lakini pia inachangia mazingira ya nishati ya kuunganisha zaidi. Kuunganisha vyanzo vya nishati mbadala na kipimo cha nishati cha IoT ni hatua ya kwanza kuelekea kujenga miundombinu ya gridi ya akili. Pamoja na kuongezeka kwa matumizi ya nishati mbadala, gridi za akili zinaweza kusimamia kwa ufanisi mtiririko wa nishati kati ya vyanzo vingi vya mbadala, mifumo ya kuhifadhi, na watumiaji. Takwimu zilizopatikana kutoka kwa mita za nishati za IoT zinaweza kutumiwa na watoa huduma na watunga sera kufanya maamuzi ya habari yenye lengo la kuunda mazingira ya nishati ya kudumu. Kwa kuongezea, kipimo cha nishati cha IoT kinaweza kuwezesha programu za majibu ya mahitaji, ambapo watumiaji wanaweza kurekebisha matumizi yao ya nishati kulingana na bei za nishati za wakati halisi. Hii inakuza matumizi ya ufanisi ya rasilimali za nishati mbadala wakati wa mahitaji ya nguvu ya kilele, hatimaye kupunguza matumizi ya jumla ya nishati na gharama. Kuunganisha vyanzo vya nishati mbadala na kipimo cha nishati cha IoT ina uwezo mkubwa katika safari yetu kuelekea mazingira endelevu na yenye ufanisi wa nishati. Kwa kutumia data ya wakati halisi inayotolewa na vifaa vya IoT, watu binafsi na biashara zinaweza kuboresha matumizi yao ya nishati, kupunguza utegemezi wa vyanzo vya nishati vya kawaida, na kuchangia ulimwengu wa kijani kibichi. """Kama tunaendelea kushuhudia maendeleo katika teknolojia ya IoT na mifumo ya nishati mbadala, ushirikiano wa nyanja hizi mbili utacheza jukumu muhimu katika kuunda siku zijazo endelevu zaidi kwa wote." Makala zinazohusiana kuhusu Acrel maarufu Acrel Energy Meter Bidhaa ilipendekezwa | <urn:uuid:4fee34b7-c944-4ddf-843b-89690c6dabf4> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.acrelenergy.com/renewable-energy-sources-and-iotbased-energy-metering.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Arthritis is very common in older pets, but there are other reasons why pets can develop the condition. Many factors play into your pet having arthritis such as their lifestyle, previous injuries and their weight. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis that affects pets. The disease commonly affects the limbs and lower spine of your furry friend. It is a debilitating disease that lowers your pet’s quality of life. At Ambassador Animal Hospital, we want to make life easier and comfortable for your pet by providing treatment for arthritis.
How does osteoarthritis develop in my pet?
As your loyal companion gets older, their body begins to slow down and give in to the effects of the years of wear and tear. The bones in your pet’s body are separated by cartilage. The cartilage begins to wear down and disappear over time, which results in the bones rubbing against each other. This causes your pet to feel pain and develop inflammation.
What are the signs of arthritis in pets?
Because arthritis affects your pet’s bones, it usually slows down or alters their mobility. One of the first signs you may notice is your pet limping or finding it difficult to walk or use the stairs. It’s important to note that by the time your pet is showing symptoms, it means that the pain is too much for them to even hide it. You should contact your veterinarian if you notice any sign that your pet is in pain. Other signs to look for are:
- Losing interest in playtime
- Groaning when getting up or laying down
- Trembling when they walk or run
Call us at 519-971-3100, to schedule your pet’s assessment.
What treatments are available for arthritis?
There is no cure for the condition so our goal is to make your furry pal’s life more comfortable. To minimize the discomfort, our team may recommend one or more of the following forms of treatment:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs or pain medication
- Laser therapy
- Supplements that support joint health
- Physical rehabilitation | Ugonjwa wa arthritis ni wa kawaida kwa wanyama wa kipenzi, lakini kuna sababu nyingine kwa nini wanyama wa kipenzi wanaweza kuugua ugonjwa huo. Kuna mambo mengi yanayofanya mnyama wako awe na ugonjwa wa viungo kama vile mtindo wake wa maisha, majeraha ya zamani na uzito wake. Osteoarthritis ni aina ya kawaida ya ugonjwa wa viungo ambao huathiri wanyama-vipenzi. Kwa kawaida ugonjwa huo huathiri viungo vya mwili na uti wa mgongo wa chini wa rafiki yako mwenye manyoya. Ni ugonjwa wenye kudhoofisha ambao hupunguza ubora wa maisha ya mnyama wako. Katika Hospitali ya Wanyama ya Ambassador, tunataka kufanya maisha ya mnyama wako kuwa rahisi na ya starehe kwa kutoa matibabu ya ugonjwa wa viungo. Ugonjwa wa osteoarthritis hutokeaje kwa mnyama wangu? Kadiri rafiki yako anavyokua, mwili wake huanza kudhoofika na kuathiriwa na miaka mingi ya matumizi. Mifupa katika mwili wa mnyama wako hutenganishwa na mfupa. Kamba huanza kuharibika na kutoweka baada ya muda, na hilo husababisha mifupa ikinyanganyana. Hii husababisha mnyama wako ahisi maumivu na kuambukizwa uvimbe. Ni nini dalili za ugonjwa wa viungo katika wanyama wa kufugwa? Kwa sababu ugonjwa wa viungo huathiri mifupa ya mnyama wako, kwa kawaida hupunguza mwendo au hubadili mwendo wake. Moja ya dalili za kwanza unaweza kuona ni pet yako limping au kupata vigumu kutembea au kutumia ngazi. Ni muhimu kutambua kwamba wakati pet yako inaonyesha dalili, inamaanisha kwamba maumivu ni sana kwa ajili yao hata kuficha. Mtafute daktari wako wa mifugo kama una dalili za maumivu. Msaada wa kuvutia: kupoteza maslahi katika kucheza, kuugua wakati wa kuamka au kulala, kutetemeka wakati wa kutembea au kukimbia, au kutembea kwa muda mrefu, kwa mfano, kwa kutumia simu ya simu ya 519-971-3100. Ni matibabu gani yanayopatikana kwa ugonjwa wa viungo? Hakuna tiba ya hali hiyo kwa hiyo lengo letu ni kufanya maisha ya rafiki yako mwenye manyoya kuwa mazuri zaidi. Ili kupunguza maumivu, timu yetu inaweza kupendekeza moja au zaidi ya aina zifuatazo za matibabu: - Dawa za kuzuia uvimbe au dawa za maumivu - Tiba ya laser - Viongezeo vinavyounga mkono afya ya viungo - Urekebishaji wa kimwili | <urn:uuid:682ae848-dd93-44cd-bfcc-b35af07c1070> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.ambassadoranimal.ca/service/dog-and-cat/arthritis-services/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Scrabble?! CENTIs cent valid for Scrabble? Words With Friends? Lexulous? WordFeud? Other games?
Definitions of CENT in various dictionaries:
noun - a fractional monetary unit of several countries
noun - a coin worth one-hundredth of the value of the basic unit
noun - the 100th part of a dollar
There are 4 letters in CENT ( C3E1N1T1 )
To search all scrabble anagrams of CENT, to go: CENT?
Rearrange the letters in CENT and see some winning combinations
Scrabble results that can be created with an extra letter added to CENT
4 letters out of CENT
Anagrammer is a game resource site that has been extremely popular with players of popular games like Scrabble, Lexulous, WordFeud, Letterpress, Ruzzle, Hangman and so forth. We maintain regularly updated dictionaries of almost every game out there. To be successful in these board games you must learn as many valid words as possible, but in order to take your game to the next level you also need to improve your anagramming skills, spelling, counting and probability analysis. Make sure to bookmark every unscrambler we provide on this site. Explore deeper into our site and you will find many educational tools, flash cards and so much more that will make you a much better player. This page covers all aspects of CENT, do not miss the additional links under "More about: CENT" | Scrabble?! (Kichezo cha kuchezea mchezo wa kuigiza) Je, CENT cent inatumika kwa Scrabble? Maneno Kwa Marafiki? Lexulous? WordFeud? (Kichwa cha habari) Michezo mingine? "Cent ni neno la Kiingereza linalotumika katika lugha ya Kiingereza, na lina maana ya ""nini"" (Cent) na ""nini"" (Cent) ni neno la Kiingereza linalotumika katika lugha ya Kiingereza, na lina maana ya ""nini"" (Cent) na ""nini"" (Cent) ni neno la Kiingereza linalotumika katika lugha ya Kiingereza." "Kama unavyoona, ""Scrabble"" ni mchezo wa kuvutia sana, na kwa sababu ya kuvutia sana, unaweza kupata alama ya ""Scrabble"" kwenye anagram ya CENT, ambayo ni moja ya michezo maarufu zaidi ya michezo ya Scrabble, ""Lexus,"" ""WordFace,"" ""Letterpress,"" ""Ruzzle,"" ""Hangman"" na mengineyo." Sisi kudumisha mara kwa mara updated kamusi ya karibu kila mchezo huko nje. Ili kufanikiwa katika michezo hii ya bodi, lazima ujifunze maneno mengi ya kweli iwezekanavyo, lakini ili kuchukua mchezo wako kwa kiwango kifuatacho, unahitaji pia kuboresha ujuzi wako wa anagram, herufi, kuhesabu na uchambuzi wa uwezekano. Hakikisha bookmark kila unscrambler sisi kutoa kwenye tovuti hii. Kuchunguza kina ndani ya tovuti yetu na utapata zana nyingi za elimu, kadi za flash na mengi zaidi ambayo yatakufanya kuwa mchezaji bora zaidi. "Hii ni sehemu ya makala ya ""Centers"" na inakuwezesha kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu Centers." | <urn:uuid:94e9ac8f-e72f-42ae-9e59-774374826990> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.anagrammer.com/scrabble/cent | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Grievous Music: Randolph Stow’s Middle Ages
Randolph Stow's poem 'Outrider', which forms the epigraph to Stow's 1981 novel The Girl Green as Elderflower, tells of loss, dislocation, and 'ancestral ghosts'. The 'grievous music' of the poem is a music of exile: it sings of a lost land, a home which can never be returned to. It is tempting to read the poem, as Dorothy Hewett does, as Stow's farewell to Australia: an expatriate writer's bittersweet missive to an abandoned homeland (Hewett 59). The lost land, however, is more resonant than this. The experiences of leaving and listening are repeated throughout Stow's work, but in The Girl Green as Elderflower they take place in the context of the English Middle Ages, specifically the twelfth century. In this novel, written as a sequel to Visitants (1980), the antipodean patrol officer Crispin Clare recovers in England from a traumatic experience of malaria and attempted suicide in the Trobriand Islands. His method of recovery is to translate and rewrite stories from twelfth- and thirteenth-century sources.
Please sign in to access this article and the rest of our archive. | "Kutoka kwa mshairi Randolph Stowe, ""Outrider"" ni wimbo wa kwanza wa riwaya ya Stowe ya 1981 ""The Girl Green as Elderflower"" ambayo inazungumzia juu ya kupoteza, kupotea, na roho za mababu." 'Muziki wenye kuhuzunisha' wa shairi hilo ni muziki wa uhamisho: huimba juu ya nchi iliyopotea, nyumba ambayo haiwezi kurudi kamwe. "Kama Dorothy Hewitt, ""Stowe's Farewell to Australia: A Expatriate Writer's Bittersweet Missive to an Abandoned Homeland"" (Hewett, 59)." Hata hivyo, nchi iliyopotea ina maana zaidi kuliko hii. Uzoefu wa kuondoka na kusikiliza unarudiwa katika kazi ya Stowe, lakini katika The Girl Green as Elderflower, hufanyika katika muktadha wa Enzi za Kati za Kiingereza, haswa karne ya kumi na mbili. Katika riwaya hii, iliyoandikwa kama mwendelezo wa Wageni (1980), afisa wa doria ya antipodean Crispin Clare anapata nafuu nchini Uingereza kutoka kwa uzoefu wa mateso ya malaria na jaribio la kujiua katika Visiwa vya Trobriand. Njia yake ya kupona ni kutafsiri na kuandika upya hadithi kutoka vyanzo vya karne ya kumi na mbili na kumi na tatu. Tafadhali jiunge ili ufikie makala hii na hifadhidata yetu yote. | <urn:uuid:ae16c795-0622-431e-8a1b-a4b090f859b1> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.australianliterarystudies.com.au/articles/grievous-music-randolph-stows-middle-ages | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
What is a solenoid valve? How does it work?
Solenoid valve is an industrial equipment controlled by electromagnetism, is used to control the basic components of fluid automation, belongs to the pneumatic actuator, and is not limited to hydraulic and pneumatic. The solenoid valve has a closed cavity with through holes at different locations, each hole is connected to a different oil pipe, the middle of the cavity is a piston, and the two sides are two electromagnets, which side of the magnet coil is energized the valve body will be attracted to which side, by controlling the movement of the valve body to open or close the different oil discharge holes. And the inlet hole is always open, the hydraulic oil will enter the different discharge pipes, and then through the pressure of the oil to push the piston of the cylinder, and the piston drives the piston rod, and the piston rod drives the mechanical device. This controls the mechanical movement by controlling the current flow of the solenoid. | Valvu ya solenoid ni nini? Inafanya kazije? Solenoid valve ni vifaa vya viwanda kudhibitiwa na umeme, ni kutumika kudhibiti vipengele vya msingi vya maji automatisering, ni mali ya actuator pneumatic, na si mdogo kwa hydraulic na pneumatic. Solenoid valve ni moja ya mifereji ya mafuta ya kawaida, ambayo ina sehemu ya ndani iliyofungwa na mashimo ya ndani, ambayo ni sehemu ya kati ya piston, ambayo ina sehemu ya chini ya piston, ambayo ina sehemu ya chini ya piston, ambayo ina sehemu ya chini ya piston. Piston ni moja ya mifumo ya mafuta ya hydraulic ambayo hutumiwa na piston ya piston, na piston ya piston inaendesha piston rod. Hii udhibiti harakati ya mitambo kwa kudhibiti mtiririko wa sasa wa solenoid. | <urn:uuid:ae6fe1c3-0611-400e-a65f-0fbef2454f54> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.blpneumatic.com/news.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
WHY DO I NEED TO SEE A HYGIENIST
Regular visits to your dentist and Hygienist will ensure that your teeth last as long as possible. It is important to note that gum disease is very common, affecting people of all ages. Unfortunately gum disease causes damage to the bone supporting teeth and this process eventually causes the teeth to become mobile and eventually ‘fall out’ Gum disease ( periodontal disease) is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults. The good news is that gum disease can be treated by a dentist or hygienist and if treated in the early stages it’s effects can be reversed
WHAT CAUSES GUM DISEASE
Plaque, a mixture of food, bacteria and bacterial waste products, builds up on your teeth within minutes or hours after eating. When plaque is left on your teeth, it irritates the gums (gingival). This early stage of gum disease is called gingivitis.
If gingivitis is not treated, the gums begin to pull away from your teeth, leaving a little pocket around the tooth. This pocket traps plaque that can’t be reached with tooth brushing. Plaque that is not removed hardens to tartar (calculus). Plaque and tartar build up, causing further irritation.
The irritation caused by plaque and tartar gradually starts to affect the bone structures around your teeth. As time goes on, the pockets get deeper and and more difficult to clean, and the gum and bone recede, so that some of the root may be visible. This can make your teeth wobbly. This stage is called chronic (long-term) periodontists. After years, the teeth may fall out, or they may need to be taken out by a dentist.
WHAT MAKES GUM DISEASE MORE LIKELY
Gum disease happens when plaque builds up because the teeth are not cleaned properly. This is more likely to happen if you find it difficult to clean your teeth properly, for example if you wear braces, have dentures or have irregularities in your teeth that you can’t reach with a toothbrush. Fillings, crowns, bridges or missing teeth can make tooth brushing more difficult and make one more susceptible to gum disease.
WHAT TREATMENT IS AVAILABLE
In order to diagnose periodontal disease it is important that you visit your dentist regularly. Your dentist should carry out a periodontal examination to assess the health status of your gums. Using a periodontal probe the dentist will check the depths of the tissues around the natural teeth (periodontal pockets). This will usually give an indication as to the severity of the periodontal problem. The deeper the pocket the more difficult it will be to clean adequately.
INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT GUM DISEASE
Gum disease is extremely common and affects 3 out of every 4 adults over the age of 35 in the UK.
The main symptoms of gum disease are sore, bleeding gums during tooth brushing.
Gum disease, not tooth decay, is the biggest cause of tooth loss.
Only 60% of women in the UK aged 45 can claim to have all of their own teeth.
Gum disease isn’t just something that happens later in life, more than half of teenagers have some form of gum disease.
Smoking causes 50% of all cases of gum disease in the UK.
WHAT ARE OUR PATIENTS SAYING?
I had 2 implants, all in all took 10 months to complete, but wow was I happy with the results, cannot put into words how happy I am, my amazing dentist Aura Fanandez was fantastic, I was probably one of the most nervous patients, but I shouldn't of been, it never hurt once. Really !! So recommend them.
From the beginning of the process to my final fit of all on four implants the care I received from Bruno and all his team was excellent. Bruno's manner is caring and non intimidating. His attention to detail with regard to getting my final teeth to look 'just right' was exemplary.
Ready to make a change?
Schedule a free, no obligation consultation online today. | Kwa nini unahitaji kumwona daktari wa meno mara kwa mara - Utafiti wa mara kwa mara wa daktari wa meno na daktari wa meno utahakikisha kwamba meno yako yanadumu kwa muda mrefu iwezekanavyo. Ni muhimu kutambua kwamba ugonjwa wa nywele ni wa kawaida sana, unawaathiri watu wa umri wote. Kwa bahati mbaya, ugonjwa wa meno husababisha uharibifu wa mifupa ya meno, na mchakato huu hatimaye husababisha meno kuwa na mwendo na hatimaye kuanguka nje.Ugonjwa wa meno (ugonjwa wa periodontal) ni sababu ya kawaida ya kupoteza meno kwa watu wazima. Ugonjwa wa nywele unaweza kutibiwa na daktari wa meno au mtaalamu wa usafi wa meno na ikiwa unatibiwa katika hatua za mapema athari zake zinaweza kubadilishwa kile kinachosababisha ugonjwa wa nywele Plaque, mchanganyiko wa chakula, bakteria na bidhaa za taka za bakteria, hujenga kwenye meno yako ndani ya dakika au masaa baada ya kula. Wakati plaka inapoachwa kwenye meno yako, huchochea meno (gingival). Hatua hii ya mapema ya ugonjwa wa taya huitwa gingivitis. Ikiwa gingivitis haipati matibabu, meno huanza kujitenga na meno yako, na kuacha mfuko mdogo kuzunguka jino. Mfuko huo huficha mchanga ambao hauwezi kufikiwa kwa kupiga mswaki meno. Mchanga ambao haufutwi huimarika na kuwa lami (calculus). Matofali na lami huongezeka, na kusababisha uchungu zaidi. Madhara yanayotokana na plaque na tartar huanza kuathiri mifupa inayozunguka meno. Kadiri muda unavyopita, mifuko hiyo inakuwa na kina kirefu na ni vigumu kusafisha, na taya na mfupa huondoka, hivyo sehemu fulani ya mizizi ya mti huo inaweza kuonekana. Hilo laweza kufanya meno yako yatetemeke. Hatua hii inaitwa periodontists ya muda mrefu (ya muda mrefu). Baada ya miaka kadhaa, huenda meno yakaanguka, au huenda yakahitaji kuondolewa na daktari wa meno. Ugonjwa wa meno huanza wakati plaque inapojitokeza kwa sababu meno hayajasafishwa vizuri. Hii ni uwezekano mkubwa zaidi kutokea kama wewe kupata vigumu kusafisha meno yako vizuri, kwa mfano kama wewe kuvaa braces, kuwa na meno ya meno au kuwa na irregularities katika meno yako kwamba huwezi kufikia na brashi ya meno. Vipande vya meno, mataji, madaraja au meno yaliyopotea yanaweza kufanya kusafisha meno kuwa vigumu zaidi na kufanya mtu awe na uwezekano mkubwa zaidi wa kupatwa na ugonjwa wa nywele. Ili kugundua ugonjwa wa periodontal ni muhimu kwamba utembelee daktari wako wa meno mara kwa mara. Daktari wako wa meno anapaswa kufanya uchunguzi wa periodontal ili kutathmini hali ya afya ya taya zako. Kwa kutumia kipima-meno daktari wa meno atachunguza kina cha tishu zinazozunguka meno ya asili (masanduku ya meno ya meno). Kwa kawaida hilo litatoa dalili ya uzito wa tatizo la periodontal. Kadiri mfuko ulivyo wa kina ndivyo itakavyokuwa vigumu kuufanya usafike vizuri. Ugonjwa wa nywele ni wa kawaida sana na huathiri watu wazima watatu kati ya wanne wenye umri wa zaidi ya miaka 35 nchini Uingereza. Dalili kuu za ugonjwa wa taya ni maumivu, kutokwa na damu kwenye taya wakati wa kupiga mswaki meno. Ugonjwa wa taya, sio kuoza kwa meno, ndio kisababishi kikubwa cha kupoteza meno. Ni asilimia 60 tu ya wanawake wenye umri wa miaka 45 nchini Uingereza wana uwezo wa kudai kuwa na meno yao yote. Ugonjwa wa taya si kitu kinachotokea baadaye maishani, zaidi ya nusu ya matineja wana aina fulani ya ugonjwa wa taya. Uvutaji sigara husababisha asilimia 50 ya magonjwa ya nywele nchini Uingereza. Wagonjwa Wetu Wanasema Nini? "Nilikuwa na implant mbili, kwa jumla ilichukua miezi 10 kukamilisha, lakini wow nilikuwa na furaha na matokeo, siwezi kuweka katika maneno jinsi ninavyofurahi, daktari wangu wa meno wa ajabu Aura Fanandez alikuwa wa ajabu, labda nilikuwa mmoja wa wagonjwa wa wasiwasi zaidi, lakini haipaswi kuwa, haikuumiza mara moja. """ Kwa kweli! ! Kwa hiyo wapendekeze. Kuanzia mwanzo wa mchakato hadi fit yangu ya mwisho ya wote juu ya implants nne, huduma niliyopokea kutoka kwa Bruno na timu yake yote ilikuwa bora. Tabia ya Bruno ni ya kujali na si ya kuogopesha. Uangalifu wake kwa maelezo kuhusu kupata meno yangu ya mwisho kuonekana'sawa' ulikuwa wa kielelezo. Je, uko tayari kufanya badiliko? Panga mazungumzo ya bure, bila wajibu, na ya bure mtandaoni leo. | <urn:uuid:113568c5-d063-497b-b632-c170b34151cd> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.brightonimplantclinic.co.uk/professional-cleaning-hygienist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
bottle, narrow-necked, rigid or semirigid container that is primarily used to hold liquids and semiliquids. It usually has a close-fitting stopper or cap to protect the contents from spills, evaporation, or contact with foreign substances.
Although early bottles were made from such materials as gourds and animal skins, glass eventually became the major material employed. Before 1500 bc the Egyptians produced glass bottles by covering silica paste cores with molten glass and digging out the core after the bottle hardened. By 200 bc glassblowing was practiced in China, Persia (modern Iran), and Egypt. Except for making the finest and most costly decorative bottles, hand methods were eventually replaced by processes employing metal molds, and automatic equipment for the continuous manufacture of bottles was introduced commercially in 1903.
Glass bottles afford highly effective protection of their contents and are attractive because of their transparency and high gloss and the variety of shapes attainable. Fragility is a major disadvantage, and only coloured glass protects those products sensitive to the action of light. Returnable glass bottles, which can be reused a number of times, are the least expensive to manufacture on a per use basis; although repeated handling costs may dissipate any saving. Lightweight, nonreturnable types achieved popularity in the 1960s, but by the 1970s returnable bottles were being promoted as one means of combating the ecological problem of disposal of solid wastes.
Plastic bottles, made from raw materials derived from petroleum and manufactured much like glass types, offer the advantage of breakage resistance and lightness, and their contents often can be dispensed by squeezing. In some applications they are less effective than glass in product protection and lack the attractive gloss and transparency of glass. Their disposal contributes to pollution, because few plastic containers disintegrate upon exposure to the elements. Beginning in the mid-1990s, plastic recycling, especially for the commonly used high-density polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate bottles, was instituted to reduce the solid-waste problem. | Chupa ni chupa nyembamba, ngumu au nusu ngumu, ambayo hutumiwa hasa kuhifadhi kioevu na nusu kioevu. Kwa kawaida huwa na kifuniko au kifuniko kinachofaa sana ili kulinda yaliyomo dhidi ya kuvuja, kuvumilia, au kugusana na vitu vya kigeni. Ingawa chupa za mapema zilitengenezwa kwa vifaa kama vile matango na ngozi za wanyama, hatimaye kioo kikawa kitu kikuu kilichotumiwa. Kabla ya 1500 KK, Wamisri walitengeneza chupa za glasi kwa kufunika nyuzinyuzi za silika na glasi iliyomwagika na kuchimba nyuzinyuzi baada ya chupa hiyo kuwa ngumu. Kufikia mwaka wa 200 KK, watu walikuwa wakitumia mashine ya kupulizia kioo nchini China, Uajemi (Iran ya kisasa), na Misri. Baada ya kutengeneza chupa za mapambo, vifaa vya kutengeneza chupa vilitumiwa kwa njia ya mashine za kutengeneza chupa za chuma, na vifaa vya kutengeneza chupa kwa njia ya moja kwa moja vilianzishwa mwaka wa 1903. Chupa za kioo hutoa ulinzi mzuri sana wa yaliyomo na zinavutia kwa sababu ya uwazi wao na kung'aa kwa juu na aina ya maumbo yanayoweza kupatikana. Uharibifu ni hasara kubwa, na kioo rangi tu inalinda wale bidhaa nyeti kwa hatua ya mwanga. Chupa za kioo zinazoweza kurudishwa, ambazo zinaweza kutumiwa tena mara kadhaa, ni za bei nafuu zaidi kutengeneza kwa msingi wa matumizi; ingawa gharama za usindikaji wa mara kwa mara zinaweza kuondoa akiba yoyote. Chupa nyepesi, zisizoweza kurudishwa zilipata umaarufu katika miaka ya 1960, lakini kufikia miaka ya 1970, chupa zinazoweza kurudishwa zilikuwa zikitambuliwa kama njia moja ya kupambana na tatizo la ikolojia la kuondoa taka ngumu. Chupa za plastiki, zilizotengenezwa kutoka kwa malighafi inayotokana na petroli na zinazotengenezwa kama aina za kioo, hutoa faida ya upinzani wa kuvunjika na mwanga, na maudhui yao mara nyingi yanaweza kutolewa kwa kukandamiza. Katika baadhi ya maombi wao ni chini ya ufanisi kuliko kioo katika ulinzi wa bidhaa na kukosa kuvutia gloss na uwazi wa kioo. Kuondolewa kwao huchangia uchafuzi wa mazingira, kwa sababu vyombo vichache vya plastiki huvunjika vinapowekwa chini ya hali mbaya ya hewa. Kuanzia katikati ya miaka ya 1990, kuchakata plastiki, hasa kwa ajili ya kawaida kutumika high-density polyethylene na polyethylene terephthalate chupa, ilianzishwa ili kupunguza tatizo la taka imara. | <urn:uuid:1a666bbb-0426-4590-b104-ae8bd75848a0> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.britannica.com/technology/bottle | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Let’s Talk About Family Trauma
It’s a kind of trauma that can impact peoples’ family dynamics, relationships, and mental health.
Clinically Reviewed By: Don Gasparini Ph.D., M.A., CASAC
January 23, 2024
Table of Contents
When members of a family unit endure a traumatic event — including abuse, neglect, loss, or other harmful circumstances — it can result in family trauma, marked by emotional or physical distress in response to the event or circumstance.
Like all types of trauma, family trauma can have a lasting effect on people, particularly affecting their family relationships. It can also cause behavioral and mental health issues, relationship difficulties, and even physical health problems. Even if they endure the same traumatic event, members of a family unit won’t necessarily respond the same way to family trauma.
Below, we delve into common causes of family trauma, how traumatic childhood experiences take a toll on relationships, and how to heal from family trauma.
What is family trauma
As mentioned, family trauma refers to distressing experiences or events that affect one or more members within a specific family unit. It causes lasting emotional consequences and relationship issues for those directly affected in the family.
Another concept that often comes up when talking about family trauma is intergenerational trauma (also known as ancestral trauma), which is trauma transmitted across generations. It often stems from historical events, systemic issues, or cultural oppression, affecting families over time. While all intergenerational trauma involves families, not all family trauma is necessarily intergenerational.
What are the common causes of family trauma?
A range of events and experiences can cause family trauma. Also, people react differently to experiences, so what’s traumatic for one family may not be for another. Some common causes of family trauma, though, include:
- Physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, including domestic violence
- Emotional or physical neglect
- Divorce or separation
- Loss or death of a family member
- Mental health issues experienced by a family member
- Financial struggles
- Cultural or religious conflicts
What are the symptoms of family trauma in children?
Children experiencing family trauma often display a range of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms. People have different trauma responses, though, so not all children will display the same family trauma symptoms. That said, some common symptoms of family trauma in children are as follows.
Heightened anxiety or fear, persistent sadness, and mood swings are all examples of emotional distress in children resulting from childhood trauma. Some children may feel angry and irritable, having outbursts directed at peers, siblings, or adults, whereas others may develop emotional numbness and become detached. This range of emotions demonstrates the many ways family trauma can impact a child’s emotional well-being.
Children enduring family trauma may show signs of regression, meaning characteristic of a younger age. This can include baby talk, clinginess, bedwetting, thumb-sucking, and nightmares.
Trauma, including family trauma, often manifests in physical symptoms, data shows. This can include headaches, stomachaches, changes in appetite leading to weight loss or gain, and fatigue or low energy levels.
Academically, children affected by family trauma may experience a decline in school performance. Difficulty concentrating and increased school absences may further highlight the challenges they are facing in coping with the family-related stressors.
Children enduring family trauma may isolate themselves from peers, face difficulties in forming or maintaining relationships, and show a reluctance to participate in various activities. These social behaviors can be a reflection of the emotional toll that family trauma takes on a child’s social interactions.
How can family trauma affect relationships?
Research consistently shows that trauma, including family trauma, can affect people’s relationships. Children learn about the world, including their relationship approach, by observing and imitating caregivers, data shows. This means that, if left unaddressed, the effects of family trauma can impact a child’s ability to build healthy relationships in and outside their family unit.
According to one article, psychological trauma — including but not limited to relational trauma, betrayal trauma, attachment trauma, and developmental trauma — can specifically take a toll on family relationships. Similarly, a study of adults found that emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse during childhood are linked to specific problems in adult relationships.
There’s long been a link between attachment style and childhood trauma. Experiencing trauma in early childhood can greatly disrupt the ability to form secure attachments, data shows, making people more prone to develop a dismissive attachment style or anxious attachment style.
However, family trauma doesn’t have to define your relationships. Research shows that people can change their attachment styles when they set goals to do so, demonstrating how anyone can move toward more secure attachments and healthy relationships.
What should families do after a traumatic experience?
After a traumatic experience, families may benefit from taking several supportive steps to cope and heal. The specific steps depend on the nature and severity of the trauma, and how individuals and families navigate and recover can be influenced by support systems, coping mechanisms, and resilience. Here are some general suggestions.
Build a support network
Respect individual coping styles
Seek professional support
Build a support network
After a traumatic experience, building a strong support network helps in sharing the emotional burden. It also offers diverse perspectives and resources that contribute to the family’s overall resilience and recovery. Family members can consider reaching out to friends, relatives, or community support groups.
Respect individual coping styles
Recognize that individuals within the family may cope with trauma differently. Respect and support diverse coping styles, understanding that everyone has their own pace of healing.
Establishing a sense of routine and normalcy can be stabilizing for family members. Consistent routines can provide a sense of security during challenging times.
Emphasize the importance of self-care for each family member. This includes taking time for relaxation, engaging in activities they enjoy, and prioritizing their physical and mental well-being.
Seek professional support
Encourage family members to seek professional help, such as therapy or counseling, to address the emotional impact of the trauma. A mental health professional can provide guidance and coping strategies.
Therapy for family trauma
Therapy for family trauma often incorporates different approaches and modalities to address and heal emotional wounds within the family. It is typically collaborative, involving active participation from all family members to create a safe environment for processing experiences, enhancing coping skills, and rebuilding healthier connections. Treatment may consist of family, individual, and couples therapy to ensure all family members feel supported.
Therapeutic modalities are chosen based on the family’s specific needs and dynamics. For instance, families with young children may incorporate play therapy, whereas others utilize trauma-focused approaches like trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Ultimately, it’s up to a family and mental health professional to determine the best approach for family trauma therapy.
How Charlie Health can help with family trauma
If your family is struggling with family trauma, Charlie Health is here to help. Charlie Health’s virtual Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) provides more than once-weekly mental health treatment for young people and families dealing with complex mental health conditions, including trauma. Our expert clinicians incorporate evidence-based therapies into individual counseling, family therapy, and group sessions. With this kind of holistic treatment, managing family trauma is possible. Fill out the form below or give us a call to start healing today. | Hebu tuzungumze juu ya Trauma ya Familia Ni aina ya trauma ambayo inaweza kuathiri watu 'dynamics ya familia, mahusiano, na afya ya akili. "Mwanzoni mwa mwaka wa 2020, Don Gasparini, PhD, M.A., CASAC, aliandika: ""Wakati wanachama wa kitengo cha familia wanapokabiliwa na tukio la kiwewe, ikiwa ni pamoja na unyanyasaji, kupuuzwa, kupoteza, au hali nyingine zenye madhara, inaweza kusababisha majeraha ya familia, iliyoonyeshwa na shida ya kihisia au kimwili kwa kujibu tukio au hali." Kama ilivyo na aina nyingine za majeraha, majeraha ya familia yanaweza kuwa na athari ya kudumu kwa watu, hasa kwa mahusiano yao ya familia. Pia inaweza kusababisha matatizo ya tabia na ya akili, matatizo ya mahusiano, na hata matatizo ya afya ya kimwili. Hata kama wao kuvumilia tukio moja traumatic, wanachama wa kitengo cha familia si lazima kujibu kwa njia ile ile kwa trauma ya familia. Chini, tunachunguza sababu za kawaida za majeraha ya familia, jinsi uzoefu wa utotoni unavyoathiri mahusiano, na jinsi ya kupona kutokana na majeraha ya familia. Trauma ya familia ni hali ya kihisia ambayo hutokea kwa mtu mmoja au zaidi katika familia. Inasababisha matokeo ya kudumu ya kihisia-moyo na matatizo ya uhusiano kwa wale walioathiriwa moja kwa moja katika familia. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""trauma ya kizazi"" ni ""trauma ya kizazi"" ambayo ni ""trauma ya kizazi"" ambayo ni ""trauma ya kizazi.""" Mara nyingi hutokana na matukio ya kihistoria, masuala ya mfumo, au ukandamizaji wa kitamaduni, unaoathiri familia kwa muda. Ingawa majeraha yote ya kizazi kwa kizazi yanahusisha familia, si majeraha yote ya familia ambayo ni ya kizazi kwa kizazi. Ni nini kisababishi cha kawaida cha majeraha ya familia? Matukio na mambo mbalimbali yanaweza kusababisha majeraha ya familia. Pia, watu huitikia mambo kwa njia tofauti-tofauti, kwa hiyo jambo linaloweza kumsumbua mtu mmoja huenda lisimshambulie mtu mwingine. "Kama matokeo ya matatizo ya kihisia, ""madhara ya kihisia"" au ""madhara ya kihisia"" ya familia, kama vile unyanyasaji wa kimwili, unyanyasaji wa kihisia, au unyanyasaji wa kimwili, ""madhara ya kihisia"" au ""madhara ya kihisia"" ya familia, ""madhara ya kihisia"" au ""madhara ya kihisia"" ya familia, ""madhara ya kihisia"" au ""madhara ya kihisia"" ya familia." Mara nyingi watoto wanaopatwa na majeraha ya familia huonyesha dalili mbalimbali za kihisia-moyo, za tabia, na za kimwili. Hata hivyo, watu huitikia mshtuko kwa njia tofauti-tofauti, kwa hiyo si watoto wote watakaokuwa na dalili zilezile za mshtuko wa familia. Hata hivyo, dalili za kawaida za majeraha ya familia kwa watoto ni kama ifuatavyo. Hofu au hofu iliyoongezeka, huzuni ya kudumu, na mabadiliko ya hisia-moyo ni mifano ya matatizo ya kihisia-moyo kwa watoto yanayotokana na majeraha ya utotoni. Watoto wengine wanaweza kuwa na hasira na hasira kali, na kuwa na hasira kali kuelekea wenzao, ndugu, au watu wazima, ilhali wengine wanaweza kuwa na hisia zisizofaa na kujitenga. Mzunguko huu wa hisia unaonyesha njia nyingi ambazo majeraha ya familia yanaweza kuathiri ustawi wa kihisia wa mtoto. Watoto wanaovumilia majeraha ya familia waweza kuonyesha ishara za kurudi nyuma, ikimaanisha sifa ya umri mdogo. Hilo laweza kutia ndani kuzungumza kwa njia ya mtoto mchanga, kushikamana naye, kunyunyizia kitandani, kunyonya kidole gumba, na kuota ndoto mbaya. Matatizo, kutia ndani matatizo ya familia, mara nyingi huonekana katika dalili za kimwili, rekodi zaonyesha. Hii inaweza kujumuisha maumivu ya kichwa, maumivu ya tumbo, mabadiliko ya hamu ya kula ambayo husababisha kupoteza au kupata uzito, na uchovu au viwango vya chini vya nishati. Kimsingi, watoto walioathiriwa na majeraha ya familia wanaweza kupata kupungua kwa utendaji wa shule. Ugumu wa kukaza fikira na kuongezeka kwa kutokuwepo shuleni kunaweza kuonyesha zaidi changamoto wanazokabili katika kukabiliana na mkazo unaohusiana na familia. Watoto wanaovumilia majeraha ya familia wanaweza kujitenga na wenzao, kukabiliwa na ugumu wa kuunda au kudumisha mahusiano, na kuonyesha kukataa kushiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali. Tabia hizi za kijamii zinaweza kuwa tafakari ya athari ya kihisia ambayo majeraha ya familia huchukua kwenye mwingiliano wa kijamii wa mtoto. Maumivu ya familia yanaweza kuathirije mahusiano? Utafiti unaonyesha mara kwa mara kwamba majeraha, kutia ndani majeraha ya familia, yanaweza kuathiri mahusiano ya watu. Watoto hujifunza kuhusu ulimwengu, ikiwa ni pamoja na mbinu yao ya mahusiano, kwa kuchunguza na kuiga watunzaji, data inaonyesha. Hii inamaanisha kwamba, ikiwa haijashughulikiwa, athari za majeraha ya familia zinaweza kuathiri uwezo wa mtoto wa kujenga mahusiano mazuri ndani na nje ya kitengo cha familia. Kulingana na makala moja, majeraha ya kisaikolojia - kutia ndani lakini si ya kipekee kwa majeraha ya mahusiano, majeraha ya usaliti, majeraha ya kushikamana, na majeraha ya ukuzi - yaweza hasa kuathiri mahusiano ya familia. Kwa mfano, utafiti uliofanywa katika watu wazima ulionyesha kwamba unyanyasaji wa kihisia-moyo, kutojali, na unyanyasaji wa kingono wakati wa utotoni unahusiana na matatizo fulani katika mahusiano ya watu wazima. Kwa muda mrefu kumekuwa na uhusiano kati ya mtindo wa kushikamana na majeraha ya utotoni. Ugonjwa wa utata katika utoto wa mapema unaweza kuharibu sana uwezo wa kuunda vifungo salama, data inaonyesha, na kufanya watu kuwa na mwelekeo zaidi wa kuendeleza mtindo wa kiunganishi cha kukataa au mtindo wa kiunganishi cha wasiwasi. Hata hivyo, majeraha ya familia hayahitaji kufafanua mahusiano yako. Utafiti unaonyesha kwamba watu wanaweza kubadilisha mitindo yao ya uhusiano wakati wao kuweka malengo ya kufanya hivyo, kuonyesha jinsi mtu yeyote anaweza kusonga kuelekea uhusiano salama zaidi na uhusiano wa afya. Familia zinapaswa kufanya nini baada ya kupatwa na msiba? Baada ya tukio lenye kuhuzunisha, familia zaweza kufaidika kwa kuchukua hatua kadhaa za kutegemeza ili kukabiliana na kupona. Hatua maalum hutegemea asili na ukali wa majeraha, na jinsi watu binafsi na familia zinavyoweza kusafiri na kupona inaweza kuathiriwa na mifumo ya msaada, mifumo ya kukabiliana, na upinzani. Hapa kuna madokezo ya jumla. Kujenga mtandao wa msaada: Heshimu mitindo ya kukabiliana ya mtu binafsi Tafuta msaada wa kitaaluma Kujenga mtandao wa msaada Baada ya uzoefu wa kuumiza, kujenga mtandao mkubwa wa msaada husaidia kushiriki mzigo wa kihisia. Pia inatoa mtazamo mbalimbali na rasilimali ambazo zinachangia ujasiri wa jumla wa familia na kupona. Washiriki wa familia wanaweza kufikiria kuwasiliana na marafiki, watu wa ukoo, au vikundi vya utegemezo katika jumuiya. Heshimu mitindo ya mtu binafsi ya kukabiliana na hali hiyo Kutambua kwamba watu katika familia wanaweza kukabiliana na hali hiyo kwa njia tofauti. Heshimu na kuunga mkono mitindo mbalimbali ya kukabiliana na matatizo, ukitambua kwamba kila mtu ana mwendo wake mwenyewe wa kupona. Kuanzisha hali ya kawaida na ya kawaida kwaweza kuwa yenye kutuliza kwa washiriki wa familia. Mazoea ya kawaida yaweza kutoa hisia ya usalama wakati wa nyakati zenye changamoto. Mkae makini na umuhimu wa kila mwanachama wa familia kujitunza. Hii inatia ndani kuchukua wakati wa kupumzika, kushiriki katika shughuli wanazofurahia, na kuweka kipaumbele afya yao ya kimwili na ya kiakili. Tafuta msaada wa kitaalamu: Washauri washiriki wa familia kutafuta msaada wa kitaalamu, kama vile matibabu au ushauri, ili kushughulikia athari za kihisia za majeraha. Mtaalamu wa afya ya akili aweza kutoa mwongozo na mbinu za kukabiliana na hali hiyo. Matibabu ya Trauma ya Familia mara nyingi hujumuisha mbinu na njia tofauti za kushughulikia na kuponya majeraha ya kihisia ndani ya familia. Kwa kawaida ni ushirikiano, unaohusisha ushiriki wa kazi kutoka kwa wanachama wote wa familia ili kuunda mazingira salama ya usindikaji wa uzoefu, kuboresha ujuzi wa kukabiliana, na kujenga tena uhusiano mzuri. Matibabu yanaweza kuwa ya familia, ya mtu binafsi, na ya wenzi wa ndoa ili kuhakikisha kwamba washiriki wote wa familia wanahisi kuungwa mkono. Njia za matibabu huchaguliwa kulingana na mahitaji na mwenendo maalum wa familia. Kwa mfano, familia zilizo na watoto wadogo zinaweza kuingiza tiba ya kucheza, wakati wengine hutumia mbinu za kuzingatia majeraha kama vile tiba ya utambuzi wa tabia ya kujali na desensitization ya harakati za jicho na usindikaji (EMDR). Hatimaye, ni juu ya familia na afya ya akili mtaalamu kuamua mbinu bora kwa ajili ya tiba ya trauma ya familia. Charlie Health inasaidia na trauma ya familia Charlie Health's Virtual Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) hutoa matibabu ya afya ya akili zaidi ya mara moja kwa wiki kwa vijana na familia zinazoshughulika na hali ngumu za afya ya akili, pamoja na majeraha. Madaktari wetu wenye ujuzi huingiza tiba zinazotegemea uthibitisho katika ushauri wa kibinafsi, tiba ya familia, na vipindi vya kikundi. Kwa kutumia matibabu ya aina hiyo, ni rahisi kushughulikia majeraha ya familia. Jaza fomu hapa chini au tupigie simu ili uanze matibabu leo. | <urn:uuid:122e1e57-b91b-42dc-8128-390cf50e7f68> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.charliehealth.com/post/family-trauma | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
The Rules of Chess
ChessCentral is where you can learn the official chess rules. Learning the rules of chess game will of course lead to the better enjoyment of any chess game. You will find all the chess rules here so that you can begin to play chess games and rule the board! The following explanation of chess rules is from the "Manual of Chess" by 2nd World Chess Champion Emanuel Lasker.
The Rules of Chess
The chess game and its rules has a history that at all times has awakened interest but of which very little is known. We know some fables treating of the origin of the game, fables that are true to history only in so far as they lay the place of origin in Asia and the time of origin in a very distant past. Games similar to Chess have been discovered on Egyptian sculptures. Written documents, a thousand years old, referring to Chess, have been found. The game of Chess of those days was not, however, the game that we now know. No doubt, Chess has undergone many changes and who knows whether Draughts, or, more precisely, a game related to Draughts, was not a forefather of our Chess.
The European career of Chess began a thousand years ago. At that time it was an admired favorite in Spain, the game of the noble and the learned. In feudal castles and at the courts of princes it was cultivated; it was praised in artistic poems. For centuries it remained the aristocratic, noble, royal game, accessible only to a refined taste. Later, it penetrated through Italy and France, and at last it found a home wherever the foot of the white man trod.
Chess, as pointed out, has changed, but in its attire, in its forms only, by no means in its essence, its idea. That has remained unchanged all through the many centuries of its life. To discover this idea is therefore not difficult: at all times Chess has had the will, the intent, the meaning of picturing a war between two parties: a war of extinction, conducted according to rules, laws, in a cultured manner, yet without clemency. This becomes evident from the rules of the game almost at first sight.
The Chess Board
Let's start chess rules by looking at the chess board. The most ancient and most enduring feature of Chess is certainly the board, the table upon which it is played on the field of the Chess struggle. It consists of 64 parts everyone a small square, in their totality composing a large square. In eight rows and, perpendicularly thereto, in eight lines the 64 squares are ordered. Consequently one can draw a Chessboard by halving the side of a big square three times in succession.
The technical process of producing a Chessboard is therefore very simple, and the logical conception, neither is apprehension of the board complicated. The perception of the 64 squares by the eye is no so easy, but it has been facilitated by the use of color. The squares are alternately colored black and white, so that from time immemorial the Chessboard looks as follows:
It is of importance that the student of Chess should know the board very accurately; he should be able to visualize each square in its individual position as well as in its relations to its neighboring squares. For this reason the board has been divided into three regions: the middle and the two wings. The left wing is composed of the first and second line to the left, the right wing in the same way by the two extreme lines on the right hand, and the middle is formed by the four remaining lines, the third, fourth, fifth and sixth. In the center of this middle, four squares are situated, which form the intersection of the fourth and fifth line with the fourth and fifth row. These four squares in the center of the board have, for strategic purposes, the greatest significance.
To describe the events on the Chessboard briefly and exactly, a name has been given to every one of the 64 squares; in olden times a descriptive name, in our time, where the science of Nature and of Mathematics has become so prominent, a mathematical name. This mathematical name reminds us of a system of coordinates in the manner as introduced by Descartes. Accordingly, the eight lines, running upwards, are successively designated by the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and the eight rows running from left to right, are successively designated by the letters a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h. The "a" line, "b" line, through the "h" line is therefore a certain line; the first row, second row, through the eighth row is a certain row. Since each square belongs to one line and to one row only, its line and row unambiguously designate it. For instance, "b5" is that one square on the b file that belongs to the fifth row. According to custom the letter precedes the number: one writes b5, never 5b. Thus this notation has the advantage of naming each square without ambiguity.
Of the other notation, the descriptive one, which is in use in many countries and also in the Anglo-Saxon world, we shall speak more fully later on.
In the mathematical notation, the division of the board described above would read as follows: the left wing "a" and "b" files, the right wing "g" and "h" files, the middle c, d, e, f line, the center d4, d5, e4, e5. The boundary of the board is formed by the "a" file, the "h" file, the first rank, the eighth rank. The corners are a1, a8, h1, and h8.
The student should endeavor to acquire the habit of designating the squares and of visualizing their position. There are many Chess players who fail merely from their incapacity to master this geometrical task, not suspecting its value.
The Chess Pieces
The armies combating each other on the board consist of Black and White pieces. The White pieces form the one side, the Black pieces the antagonistic side. The two sides are briefly called White and Black. The coloring of the piece therefore determines its obedience and fidelity, unconditionally. A piece never deserts to the enemy, nor does it ever rebel; it is faithful unto death. True, if it falls in combat, it wanders from the board merely into a box where the captured pieces are kept until the next game; then it celebrates a merry and hopeful resurrection.
White and Black have equal forces. Each has a King, a Queen, two Rooks (or Castles), two Bishops, two Knights, and eight Pawns. Either party, therefore, counts sixteen pieces. The pieces stand on the board until they are captured, each piece on one square, no two pieces on the game square. At the start of the game the pieces are placed in a determined position shown hereafter, and then they are moved, the players moving alternately. Thus a struggle of the Chess pieces takes place according to determinate rules, until the King of a party is captured by force or the
contestants agree upon a drawn issue.
The pieces are usually carved of wood. The King has the appearance of a crowned monarch, the Queen bears a smaller crown, the Rooks or Castles suggest sturdy castles, the Bishops have a characteristic headdress, the Knights show a horse's head, and the Pawn is like a man without distinction, a man of the crowd, a common soldier.
The move consists in transferring a piece from one square to another. White "moves" a white piece, Black a black one. Sometimes two pieces are thus put into motion, namely, when a hostile piece is "captured," i.e., removed from the board, or in "Castling," or in "Queening" a pawn, terms which will be explained later. All of this is executed according to fixed rules which the player is constrained to obey.
Chess Rules for Moving
The King moves from its square to a neighboring square, the Rook in its line or row, the Bishop diagonally, the Queen may move like a Rook or a Bishop, the Knight jumps in making the shortest move that is not a straight one, and the Pawn moves one square straight ahead. But such moves are permitted only if the square upon which the piece lands is empty or occupied by a hostile piece. Moreover, the Rook, Bishop and Queen are obstructed in their motion as soon as they strike an occupied square. Thus, a Bishop on c1 may go to any square in the diagonal c1, d2, e3, f4, g5, h6 unless one of these squares is occupied; if e3 is occupied, f4, g5, and h6 are obstructed and the Bishop may not be moved there. The Rook, Bishop or Queen, however, can "capture" the obstruction, provided it is a hostile piece, by putting the moving piece on the square occupied by the obstruction and removing the latter into the box. Also, the other pieces, King, Knight and Pawn, may capture hostile men; the King or the Knight, whenever they have the right to move to the square held by the hostile man, the Pawn, however, not thus but with a diagonal move forward to a
neighboring square. All pieces are subject to capture except the King. Its life is sacred, the player must defend it, it perishes only when no possible resource can save it from capture. Whenever that occurs the game is at an end; the player who cannot save his King from capture, is "Checkmate", and loses the game.
These rules are not complete, besides they are too brief so that the reader cannot be expected to obtain a clear conception through them, but they serve as an initial step in that they produce a vivid impression of the Chess struggle. We shall now consider them in detail and at length in order to illuminate the various logical consequences that come thereby into play.
The King in Chess
The King may move from the square it occupies to any square satisfying the following conditions:
1. A neighbor to the square of occupation.
2. Not occupied by a man of its own party.
3. Not menaced by any hostile piece.
Once during the game the King may violate the first of these rules, namely, in Castling, otherwise never. In Castling, the King is moved TWO squares to the Right or Left, as the case may be, and the Rook towards which the King has moved is then placed upon the square which the King jumped over. But this move is not permitted when:
1. The King is in "Check," i.e., menaced with capture.
2. The King or Rook has already made a move.
3. The move of the Rook is obstructed.
4. The King or Rook after Castling would be exposed to capture.
What has been said here in dry words may now be presented pictorially.
The White King placed on c2 has only ONE possible move, to wit, to b2. It may go there, because firstly, that square is neighbor to c2; secondly it is not occupied by a man of its own party but a hostile one; and thirdly, the square b2 is not menaced by any enemy, neither the Black King nor the Black Rook, nor the Black Pawn in their present positions being able to capture a piece on b2. On the other hand, the White King could make no other move; it cannot move to b1 or d1, on account of the Black Rook, nor to b3 or d3, on account of the Black Pawn, nor to d2 because of the White Pawn standing there, still less to c1, where two slayers would await it, nor to c3, which is menaced by Bishop b2 and obstructed by a White Pawn besides. To other squares it cannot move since they are not neighbors to its present residence.
The reader may demonstrate that in the next position also the Black King has only one possible move, namely, to g7.
Black to move. His King is "Checked" because menaced by the White Queen. The King cannot capture the Queen since g7 is threatened by Pawn f6; the King can go nowhere else for the White Queen threatens its place of refuge; the White Queen can be captured by no Black piece. The King can therefore not be saved, the "Check" is a "Mate", "Checkmate"; Black has lost the game.
The two Kings and the four Rooks still stand where they stood at the commencement of the game. Let us suppose that hitherto none of these pieces has moved. White, if he has the move, can Castle with Rook h1 by placing it on fl and simultaneously jumping with King to g1; or he can Castle with Rook a1 by placing it on dl and jumping with King to c1. Black, if it is his turn to move, can Castle with Rook as, whereby King and Rook occupy the squares c8, d8 respectively. But he cannot Castle with Rook h8, because the White Queen would attack the Rook after Castling and therefore Castling is illegal.
In practice the player will be well advised always to move the K first and then his R when making this move.
The Rook or "Castle" in Chess
In the position below the Rook at c2 has the following possible moves:
The c2 Rook may move to b2, d2, e2, f2 and capture at g2. It cannot go to c1 or c3 because it is under obligation to guard its King against the White Rook g2. The Rook c4 can go to a4 or b4 or d4 or capture e4 but cannot capture f4 because Rook e4 is an obstruction; it may also go to c8, c7, c6, c5 or c3 but not to c2 or c1 owing to the obstruction of Rook c2. The Rook e4 has only two squares open to it, d4 and c4, and the Rook g2 no less than 12 squares, any square of the "g" file and all but two squares of the second row: h2, f2, e2, d2, c2, g1, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8.
The name "Castle" is rarely if ever used in modern chess literature for this piece.
The Bishop in Chess
In this position three Bishops are on the board:
Bishops are placed on c3, c4, f6; also three Rooks, c1, d2, f7, and of course the two Kings - the Kings never being captured - on a1 and g8. Since the Bishops move diagonally, Bishop c3 can capture f6, and vice versa. But the Bishop c3 cannot capture Rook d2 because the Bishop is forced to protect its King against Bishop f6 by obstruction. The Bishop c4 can capture Rook f7; this piece is immobile since it is pinned by the Bishop c4. The number of squares to which in the above position the Bishops might move, is therefore found to be for c4 = 10 (a2, b3, d5, e6, f7, b5, a6, d3, e2, f1); for f6 = 9 (h8, g7, e5, d4, c3, e7, d8, g5, h4); for c3 = 4 (b2, d4, e5, f6).
The Queen in Chess
In the next position two Queens, a Rook, a Bishop and the two Kings are on the board:
The Black Queen a4 which can move like a Rook or like a Bishop has the following moves at its disposal: to b4, c4, d4, capture on e4, a1, a2, a3, a5, a6, a7, a8, b5, c6, d7, b3, capture on c2. The White Queen, however, has a very limited range, because it is "pinned" by the Rook e8. If the pin would be released it could go to h7 and there, supported by the Bishop c2, Checkmate the King; as it is, the Queen must either capture the Rook e8 or suffer capture by that piece; she can only move to e3, e2, e5, e6, e7, capture on e8.
The Knight in Chess
Here are four Knights on the board, and a Rook and a Bishop and the two Kings:
Two of the Knights are immobile, Knight e2 on account of the Bishop h5 and the Knight g7 because of the Rook g3: they must protect their Kings. The Knight f5 can move to one of the following squares: e7, d6, d4, e3, g3 (whereby it captures the Rook) h4, h6. The shortest jump on the Chessboard is, namely, to take two squares (in the air) in a line or row and one square perpendicularly thereto. That movement allows to Knight f5 eight possibilities, but in the above position one of these, on the square g7, is taken away by the obstruction of a Knight partisan to Knight f5. The Knight f6 has eight possible moves: it threatens the hostile King, "gives Check," or "Checks," and the King will have to fly, for instance, to f7, in order to save himself.
The Pawn in Chess
Here you see 16 Pawns, therefore all that were in the box, and two Rooks, one Bishop, one Knight, the two Kings besides:
At the beginning of the game the White Pawns are placed on the second row and the Black Pawns on the seventh row; thence they move or capture ahead towards the enemy, the White Pawns from below upwards, the Black Pawns in the opposite direction. For instance, Pawn d4 may capture e5 and conversely, because the Pawns, though moving ahead in their file, capture obliquely, always advancing towards the enemy.
The above position shows three immobile Pawns, "blocked" Pawns: g3, g4, and f7. Pawn g3 is blocked by g4, because the Pawn does not capture straight ahead but obliquely. The position shows nine Pawns standing on the squares where they stood at the start of the game: a2, b2 e2, f2, h2, a7, b7, c7, f7; they have not moved yet; the other seven Pawns have advanced during the progress of the game. The Pawn d4 has two possible moves: to advance to d5 or to capture e5. The Pawn c3 has only one possible move: to advance to c4.
Now the rule was introduced about four centuries ago that Pawns in their initial position and which are not blocked may advance one or two steps according to the plan of the player. This rule made the game more lively, and therefore the Chess world accepted it in time. For instance, Pawn a2 may advance to a3 or to a4 in one move.
With this rule a difficulty arose. Its object was to accelerate the pace of the Chess events and to add to their variety, but it betrayed sometimes the obvious rights of the opponent. To illustrate this point, observe the two Pawns f2 and g4. The Pawn g4 stands on guard over f3. If f2 advances to f3, g4 can capture it; thus it had been for many centuries; after the introduction of the new rule Pawn f2 could evade Pawn g4 by advancing at once to f4 and could then molest Black unpunished. Naturally, the Pawn g4 on guard felt itself deceived, when the hostile Pawn crept through the advance posts. There were scenes of hot dispute. It could not be the meaning of the innovation to make the advancing Pawn immune. And finally justice was victorious: the Pawn standing on guard was acceded the right of capture, just as if the Pawn trying to slip through had advanced one step only; but the Pawn on guard cannot defer this movement but must execute it without loss of time as an immediate reply to the attempted advance. If, for instance, in the above position White moves f2-f4 Black may answer g4 captures f3, thus executing his original intention of capturing the Pawn on f3. This species of capture is named "capture in passing" or, with the French expression capture "en passant". If the Pawn, after f2-f4, is not immediately captured by g4 "in passing," it stays unmolested on f4 and has thereafter to contend only with the hostile Pawns of the f and e files.
The Pawns only advancing ahead arrive, in advancing row by row finally to the eighth row where according to the rule they would come to a barrier and would be immobile. Should this signify their death? Should they now become useless after having done their duty and fought their way through the ranks of the enemy? That would not be in keeping with justice. Since in a struggle it is honorable to draw upon oneself the fire of the enemy and to do him harm, the Pawn advancing to the last row is rewarded by becoming an "officer" in its army; it is changed for a Queen, Rook, Bishop or Knight, according to the will of the player; it is promoted to a higher rank since officers have much more mobility and value than Pawns.
If it is White's turn to move here, he may advance Pawn e7 to e8, change it for a Queen and call Mate. If it is Black's turn to move, he can advance f2 to f1, demand a Knight and Checkmate White.
The Initial Position in Chess
From time immemorial the men are placed at the beginning of the game in the order shown below, and White makes the first move.
In the corners stand the Rooks, on the first row the White officers in the order R, N, B, Q, K, B, N, R; the corner to the right of White is white; in the second row stand the White Pawns, in the seventh row the Black Pawns and in the eighth row the Black officers, everyone opposite to a White officer of its own kind, the Queen opposite the Queen, the King opposite the King, and so forth. The White Queen is placed on a white square, the Black Queen on a black square, the Queen therefore on a square of its own color - a remnant of feudal gallantry.
The End of the Game; Checkmate, Stalemate, Draw
With a Checkmate the game is decided, but not every game ends with a Mate.
If he whose turn it is to move can make no legal move and yet his King is not checked he is not checkmated though the game necessarily is at an end. Such a conclusion of the game is called a Stalemate, a useless, a false, an unproductive Mate, briefly "Stalemate." He who is Stalemated does not lose the game nor win it either, because loss of the game is suffered only by him who is, "Checkmated" and an essential condition therefore is that the King should be in Check, whereas in a Stalemating position the King is not in Check.
Again when neither of the opponents believes he has the power to end the game by administering Checkmate, the game is undecided, "drawn", by mutual agreement. This agreement may be voluntary or compulsory. Compulsory when the two opponents repeat their moves, going backwards and forwards without changing their position, compulsory also when for fifty moves in succession no essential changes, no advance towards the final goal can be demonstrated, by either player. This demonstration, such is the accepted law, is achieved when during these fifty moves no capture nor the advance of a Pawn has been performed, for these are, by common consent, the outward, the visible signs of an essential change.
Here White is to move, Black menaces Checkmate in two ways, either by Qh3 captures h2 or plays to g2. White cannot defend the threat, he therefore tries to attack the opponent by giving Check with Qb6 to a6. Black is forced to reply Ka8 to b8. Now Qa6 to b6 again checking. The pinned Pawn cannot capture, hence Kb8, -c8 or -a8. Again Qb6-a6, Ka8 (c8)-b8. And the Checks have no end, the game is drawn by Perpetual Check.
The Function of Strategy
Herewith the rules and laws of the game are laid down; according to the very same rules play the beginner and the veteran, the duffer and the master. Whoever does not follow these rules does not play Chess; whoever follows them belongs to the community of Chess players that counts many millions.
What distinguishes the Chess players, all of whom follow the same rules, is called strategy: the plan, meaning, intent, force, briefly the reason of their moves.
This reason is no different from all reason, but a part of it, grown on its body, possessed of its force and conditioned by its pains. On the same tree where a little branch hangs, called the logic of Aristotle, there hangs another branch named Strategy in Chess.
We have now covered the chess rules; the next step is chess strategy. When you are beginning your journey in chess it is tough to know what chess books, software and e-books to study. There is a big gap between knowing how to move the pieces and studying more advanced strategy and tactics. The chess e-books and chess software presented here will help bridge that gap and get you quickly on the road to chess success!
After learning the rules of chess you can advance to the next level with a little study. We recommend two good chess e-books, Chess Openings for Beginners and Chess Endings for Beginners - careful attention to the principles explained there will give anyone a solid grounding in the art of chess. | ChessCentral ni mahali ambapo unaweza kujifunza sheria rasmi za chess. Kujifunza sheria za mchezo wa chess bila shaka itasababisha kufurahia bora ya mchezo wowote wa chess. Utapata sheria zote za mchezo wa chess hapa ili uweze kuanza kucheza michezo ya chess na kutawala bodi! "Msemo huu wa kwanza wa mchezo wa chess ni kutoka kwa ""Manual of Chess"" na Emanuel Lasker, bingwa wa pili wa dunia wa chess." Sheria za mchezo wa chess na sheria zake zina historia ambayo wakati wote imesababisha maslahi lakini ambayo haijulikani sana. Kuna hadithi kadhaa zinazohusu asili ya mchezo huu, hadithi ambazo ni za kweli kwa historia tu kwa kadiri ambayo zinaweka mahali pa asili yake katika Asia na wakati wa asili yake katika wakati uliopita. Michezo kama hiyo ya Chess imegunduliwa kwenye sanamu za Wamisri. Hati zilizoandikwa, zenye umri wa miaka elfu moja, zinazohusu Chess, zimepatikana. Hata hivyo, mchezo wa Chess wa siku hizo haukuwa mchezo tunaoujua sasa. Bila shaka, Chess imepitia mabadiliko mengi na ambaye anajua kama Draughts, au, kwa usahihi zaidi, mchezo kuhusiana na Draughts, hakuwa baba wa Chess yetu. Mchezo wa chesi ulianza Ulaya miaka elfu moja iliyopita. Wakati huo ilikuwa mchezo uliopendwa sana huko Hispania, mchezo wa watu mashuhuri na wenye elimu. Ilikuwa ikilimwa katika majumba ya kifalme na katika makao ya wafalme; ilisifiwa katika mashairi ya kisanii. Kwa karne nyingi ilibaki kuwa mchezo wa kifalme, wa kifalme, na wa kifalme, unaopatikana tu kwa watu wenye ladha nzuri. Baadaye, ilivamia Italia na Ufaransa, na hatimaye ilipata makao popote ambapo mguu wa mtu mweupe ulitembea. Chess, kama ilivyoelezwa, imebadilika, lakini katika mavazi yake, katika aina zake tu, kwa njia yoyote katika kiini chake, wazo lake. Hilo limebaki bila kubadilika katika karne nyingi za maisha yake. Kwa hiyo, si vigumu kugundua wazo hili: wakati wote Chess imekuwa na mapenzi, nia, maana ya kuelezea vita kati ya pande mbili: vita ya uharibifu, uliofanywa kulingana na sheria, sheria, kwa njia ya utamaduni, lakini bila huruma. Hii inakuwa dhahiri kutoka kwa sheria za mchezo karibu kwa mtazamo wa kwanza. Chess Bodi Hebu kuanza sheria za chess kwa kuangalia bodi ya chess. Sehemu ya zamani na ya kudumu zaidi ya mchezo wa chess ni ubao, meza ambayo huchezwa kwenye uwanja wa mchezo wa chess. Ina sehemu 64 kila moja ya mraba mdogo, katika jumla yao kuunda mraba mkubwa. Katika safu nane na, perpendicularly kwa hiyo, katika mistari nane mraba 64 ni utaratibu. Kwa hiyo mtu aweza kuchora ubao wa mchezo wa chesi kwa kugawanya upande wa mraba mkubwa mara tatu mfululizo. Utaratibu wa kiufundi wa kuzalisha Chessboard kwa hiyo ni rahisi sana, na dhana ya mantiki, wala ni hofu ya bodi ngumu. Kuona kwa macho ya kawaida ya mraba 64 si rahisi sana, lakini imefanywa rahisi na matumizi ya rangi. "Kila mraba una rangi nyeusi na nyeupe, hivyo tangu wakati wa zamani, ""chessboard"" inaonekana kama ifuatavyo: ""Ni muhimu kwamba mwanafunzi wa Chess anapaswa kujua bodi kwa usahihi sana; anapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa kuona kila mraba katika nafasi yake binafsi, pamoja na mahusiano yake na mraba jirani." Kwa sababu hiyo ubao umegawanywa katika maeneo matatu: sehemu ya kati na mabawa mawili. Upande wa kushoto unajumuisha mstari wa kwanza na wa pili upande wa kushoto, upande wa kulia unajumuisha mstari wa pili upande wa kulia, na upande wa kati unajumuisha mstari wa nne, wa tatu, wa nne, wa tano na wa sita. Katika katikati ya mstari huu, kuna mraba nne, ambazo hufanyiza makutano ya mstari wa nne na wa tano na safu ya nne na ya tano. Viwanja hivi vinne vilivyo katikati ya ubao vina umuhimu mkubwa zaidi kwa makusudi ya kimkakati. Ili kuelezea matukio kwenye ubao wa chess kwa ufupi na kwa usahihi, jina limepewa kila moja ya mraba 64, katika nyakati za zamani jina la ufafanuzi, katika wakati wetu, ambapo sayansi ya asili na ya hisabati imekuwa maarufu sana, jina la hisabati. Jina hili la hisabati linatukumbusha mfumo wa kuratibu kwa njia iliyoanzishwa na Descartes. "Kwa hiyo, mistari minane inayoelekea juu inaitwa kwa tarakimu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 na mistari minane inayoelekea kushoto kuelekea kulia inaitwa kwa herufi a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h. ""A"" line, ""b"" line, kupitia ""h"" line, ni mstari fulani; mstari wa kwanza, mstari wa pili, kupitia mstari wa nane ni mstari fulani." Kwa kuwa kila mraba ni wa mstari mmoja na mstari mmoja tu, mstari na mstari wake huutambulisha bila shaka. Kwa mfano, b5 ni safu moja kwenye faili ya b ambayo ni ya safu ya tano. "Kwa kawaida, herufi hufuata namba: ""b5"" huandikwa, ""b5"" haijawahi kuandikwa." Hivyo notation hii ina faida ya kutaja kila mraba bila utata. Kuhusu alama nyingine, ile ya ufafanuzi, ambayo inatumiwa katika nchi nyingi na pia katika ulimwengu wa Anglo-Saxon, tutazungumza kwa kina zaidi baadaye. Katika notation ya hisabati, mgawanyiko wa bodi iliyoelezwa hapo juu ingekuwa kama ifuatavyo: faili za mrengo wa kushoto "a" na "b", faili za mrengo wa kulia "g" na "h", mstari wa kati wa c, d, e, f, d4, d5, e4, e5. "Mipaka ya bodi ya mpira ni ""a"" faili, ""h"" faili, ""mstari wa kwanza"" na ""mstari wa nane.""" Sehemu za pembe za A1, A8, H1 na H8 Mwanafunzi anapaswa kujitahidi kupata zoea la kutaja mraba na kutabiri mahali pao. Kuna wachezaji wengi wa Chess ambao wanashindwa tu kutokana na kutoweza kwao kusimamia kazi hii ya kijiometri, bila kutarajia thamani yake. Vipande vya Chess Majeshi yanayopigana juu ya ubao yana vipande vya Nyeusi na nyeupe. Vipande vya nyeupe hufanyiza upande mmoja, vipande vya nyeusi upande wa kupinga. Pande hizo mbili huitwa kwa ufupi Nyeupe na Nyeusi. Kwa hiyo, rangi ya kipande hicho huamua utii na uaminifu wake, bila masharti. Kamba haikosi kamwe kwa adui, wala haipinduki kamwe; ni ya uaminifu hata kifo. Ni kweli, kama yeye kuanguka katika mapigano, yeye wanders kutoka ubao tu katika sanduku ambapo vipande kukamatwa ni kuhifadhiwa hadi mchezo ujao; kisha yeye sherehe furaha na matumaini ufufuo. Wazungu na Weusi wana nguvu sawa. Kila moja ina Mfalme, Malkia, Turks mbili (au Castles), Maaskofu wawili, Knights mbili, na Pawns nane. Kwa hiyo, kila mmoja wao anahesabu vipande 16. Vipande vimesimama kwenye ubao hadi vimeshambuliwa, kila kipande kwenye mraba mmoja, hakuna vipande viwili kwenye mraba wa mchezo. Mwanzoni mwa mchezo, vipande vimewekwa katika nafasi maalum iliyoonyeshwa hapa chini, na kisha huhamishwa, wachezaji wakihama kwa zamu. Hivyo, mapambano ya vipande vya chess hufanyika kulingana na sheria maalum, mpaka Mfalme wa chama anapokamatwa kwa nguvu au washindani wanakubaliana juu ya suala la kuchora. Kwa kawaida vipande hivyo huchongwa kwa mbao. Mfalme ana sura ya mfalme aliyetawazwa, Malkia ana taji dogo, minara au majumba ya kifalme yanaonyesha majumba ya kifalme, maaskofu wana mavazi ya kipekee, farasi wana kichwa cha farasi, na pawn ni kama mtu asiye na tofauti, mtu wa umati, askari wa kawaida. Hatua hiyo inahusisha kuhamisha kipande kutoka mraba mmoja hadi mwingine. Nyeupe "huhamisha" kipande cheupe, Nyeusi kipande nyeusi. Wakati mwingine vipande viwili huwekwa katika mwendo, yaani, wakati kipande cha adui kinapokamatwa, yaani, kuondolewa kwenye ubao, au katika "Castling", au katika "Queening" pawn, maneno ambayo yataelezwa baadaye. Yote haya ni kutekelezwa kulingana na sheria fasta ambayo mchezaji ni vikwazo kutii. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""Mfalme anahamia kutoka uwanja wake kwenda uwanja jirani, Rook katika mstari wake au safu, Bishop diagonally, Malkia anaweza kusonga kama Rook au Bishop, Knight kuruka katika kufanya hatua fupi ambayo si moja kwa moja moja, na Pawn husonga moja mraba moja kwa moja mbele.""" Lakini hatua kama hizo huruhusiwa tu kama mraba ambao kipande cha ardhi ni tupu au inamilikiwa na kipande cha adui. Zaidi ya hayo, Rook, Bishop na Malkia ni kuzuia katika harakati yao mara tu wao kugonga mraba inamilikiwa. Kwa hivyo, Mwalimu kwenye c1 anaweza kwenda kwenye mraba wowote kwenye diagonal c1, d2, e3, f4, g5, h6 isipokuwa moja ya mraba huu ni occupied; ikiwa e3 ni occupied, f4, g5, na h6 ni kuzuiwa na Mwalimu hawezi kuhamishwa huko. Rook, Bishop au Malkia, hata hivyo, wanaweza "kupata" kizuizi, ikiwa ni kipande cha uhasama, kwa kuweka kipande cha kusonga kwenye mraba uliochukuliwa na kizuizi na kuondoa mwisho ndani ya sanduku. Pia, vipande vingine, Mfalme, Knight na Pawn, inaweza kukamata watu adui; Mfalme au Knight, wakati wowote wao kuwa na haki ya kuhamia mraba uliofanyika na mtu adui, Pawn, hata hivyo, si hivyo lakini na diagonal hoja mbele kwa mraba jirani. Vipande vyote vinaweza kukamatwa isipokuwa Mfalme. Maisha yake ni takatifu, mchezaji lazima kuitetea, inapotea tu wakati hakuna rasilimali inayowezekana inaweza kuokoa kutoka kwa kukamatwa. Wakati wowote kwamba hutokea mchezo ni katika mwisho; mchezaji ambaye hawezi kuokoa Mfalme wake kutoka kukamatwa, ni "Checkmate", na hupoteza mchezo. Sheria hizi si kamili, na pia ni fupi sana hivi kwamba msomaji hawezi kutarajia kupata wazo wazi kupitia kwao, lakini hutumika kama hatua ya kwanza kwa kuwa hutoa hisia ya wazi ya mapambano ya Chess. Sasa tutazichunguza kwa undani na kwa urefu ili kuangazia matokeo mbalimbali ya kimantiki ambayo huja kwa njia hiyo. Mfalme katika mchezo wa chess anaweza kuhamia kutoka safu ambayo anashikilia hadi safu yoyote inayokidhi masharti yafuatayo: Jirani ya mraba wa kazi. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Si inamilikiwa na mtu wa chama chake mwenyewe. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Si kutishwa na kipande chochote cha adui. Mara moja wakati wa mchezo Mfalme anaweza kuvunja ya kwanza ya sheria hizi, yaani, katika Castling, vinginevyo kamwe. Katika Castling, Mfalme huhamishwa mraba mbili kulia au kushoto, kulingana na hali, na Rook ambayo Mfalme amehamia huwekwa juu ya mraba ambao Mfalme aliruka. Lakini hatua hii hairuhusiwi wakati: 1. Mfalme yuko katika "Check", yaani, anatishwa na kukamatwa. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Mfalme au Rook tayari amefanya hatua. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Hatua ya Mti huo imezuiliwa. 4. Uwe na uhakika Mfalme au Rook baada ya Castling ingekuwa wazi kwa kukamatwa. Kile ambacho kimesema hapa kwa maneno kavu sasa chaweza kuonyeshwa kwa picha. Mfalme mweupe aliyewekwa kwenye c2 ana hatua moja tu inayowezekana, yaani, kwenda b2. "Hiyo ni kwa sababu, kwanza, nafasi hiyo ni jirani ya c2, pili, haijashikiliwa na mtu wa chama chake, lakini ni ya adui, na tatu, nafasi ya b2 haitishiwi na adui yeyote, wala Mfalme mweusi, wala Rook mweusi, wala Pawn mweusi katika nafasi zao za sasa hawawezi kukamata kipande kwenye b2.""" Kwa upande mwingine, Mfalme mweupe hawezi kufanya hatua nyingine; hawezi kuhamia b1 au d1 kwa sababu ya Black Rook, wala b3 au d3 kwa sababu ya Black Pawn, wala d2 kwa sababu ya White Pawn kusimama huko, hata kidogo zaidi kwa c1 ambapo wauaji wawili wangemngojea, wala c3 ambayo inatishwa na Bishop b2 na kuzuia na White Pawn. Hawezi kuhamia kwenye mraba mwingine kwa kuwa huo si jirani ya makao yake ya sasa. "Msomaji anaweza kuonyesha kwamba katika nafasi ya pili pia Black King ina hatua moja tu ya uwezekano, yaani, kwa g7.""" Nyeusi kwa hoja. Mfalme wake ni "Checked" kwa sababu kutishiwa na White Malkia. Mfalme hawezi kumkamata Malkia kwa sababu g7 inatishiwa na pawn f6, Mfalme hawezi kwenda mahali pengine kwa sababu Malkia mweupe anatishia mahali pake pa kimbilio; Malkia mweupe hawezi kukamatwa na kipande chochote nyeusi. Mfalme kwa hiyo hawezi kuokolewa, "Check" ni "Mate", "Checkmate"; Black amepoteza mchezo. Wafalme wawili na Turks nne bado wamesimama ambapo walisimama mwanzoni mwa mchezo. Hebu tuseme kwamba hadi sasa hakuna moja ya vipande hivi imehama. White, kama yeye ana hatua, inaweza Castle na Rook h1 kwa kuweka juu ya fl na wakati huo huo kuruka na Mfalme kwa g1; au anaweza Castle na Rook a1 kwa kuweka juu ya dl na kuruka na Mfalme kwa c1. Black, kama ni zamu yake ya kuhamia, inaweza Castle na Rook kama, ambapo Mfalme na Rook kuchukua squares c8, d8 kwa mtiririko huo. Lakini hawezi kupiga ngome kwa kutumia Rook h8, kwa sababu Malkia mweupe angeshambulia Rook baada ya kupiga ngome na kwa hiyo kupiga ngome ni kinyume cha sheria. Katika mazoezi mchezaji itakuwa vizuri kushauriwa daima kuhamisha K kwanza na kisha R yake wakati wa kufanya hatua hii. "Kaburi la Chess (kwa Kiingereza: Chess Tower) ni chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess chess" Hakuweza kwenda c1 au c3 kwa sababu ni chini ya wajibu wa kulinda mfalme wake dhidi ya White Rook g2. Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea kwa Kurejea. "Kuna nafasi mbili tu za ""d"" na ""c"" ambazo zinaweza kuonekana kwenye jopo la g2, na nafasi 12 za ""g"" na ""g"" zote isipokuwa nafasi mbili za safu ya pili: h2, f2, e2, d2, c2, g1, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8." Jina "Castle" ni mara chache kama milele kutumika katika fasihi ya kisasa chess kwa ajili ya kipande hiki. Katika nafasi hii, maofisa watatu wa cheo cha juu wako kwenye ubao: maofisa wa cheo cha juu wamewekwa kwenye c3, c4, f6, pia turks tatu, c1, d2, f7, na kwa kweli wafalme wawili - wafalme hawajawahi kukamatwa - kwenye a1 na g8. Kwa kuwa maofisa wa jeshi wanaenda kwa mstatili, maofisa wa jeshi c3 wanaweza kukamata f6, na kinyume chake. Lakini Pwani c3 hawezi kukamata Rook d2 kwa sababu Pwani analazimika kulinda Mfalme wake dhidi ya Pwani f6 kwa kuzuia. Mtawala wa C4 anaweza kukamata Rook f7; kipande hiki ni immobile tangu ni pinned na Mtawala wa C4. Kwa hiyo, idadi ya mraba ambao katika nafasi ya juu maaskofu wanaweza kuhamia ni kwa c4 = 10 (a2, b3, d5, e6, f7, b5, a6, d3, e2, f1), kwa f6 = 9 (h8, g7, e5, d4, c3, e7, d8, g5, h4), kwa c3 = 4 (b2, d4, e5, f6). "Mfalme wa Black a4 ambaye anaweza kuhamia kama ""Rock"" au ""Bishop"" ana hatua zifuatazo: ""B4,"" ""C4,"" ""D4,"" ""C4,"" ""C4,"" ""C4,"" ""C4,"" ""C4,"" ""C4,"" ""C5,"" ""C5,"" ""C6,"" ""C6,"" ""C7,"" ""C7,"" ""C7,"" ""C7,"" ""C7,"" ""C7.""" Kwa upande mwingine, White Queen ina range ndogo sana, kwa sababu ni "pinned" na Rook e8. Kama pin itakuwa iliyotolewa, inaweza kwenda h7 na huko, mkono na Bishop c2, Checkmate Mfalme; kama ni, Malkia lazima ama kukamata Rook e8 au kuteseka kukamatwa na kipande hicho; anaweza tu kuhamia e3, e2, e5, e6, e7, kukamatwa juu ya e8. Katika mchezo wa chess, kuna risasi nne, na rook, na bishopu, na wafalme wawili: wawili wa Knights ni immobile, Knight e2 kwa sababu ya bishopu h5 na Knight g7 kwa sababu ya rook g3. Knight f5 inaweza kuhamia moja ya mraba zifuatazo: e7, d6, d4, e3, g3 (kwa hiyo inachukua Rook) h4, h6. Kuruka fupi zaidi kwenye ubao wa Chess ni, yaani, kuchukua mraba mbili (katika hewa) katika mstari au safu na mraba mmoja perpendicularly kwake. Katika hatua hii, Knight f5 ina nafasi nane, lakini katika nafasi ya juu moja ya hizi, kwenye mraba g7, inachukuliwa na kizuizi cha Knight f5. "Kipande cha f6 kinaweza kuhamia kwa hatua nane: ""Kikosi cha f6 kinamshambulia mfalme wa adui, ""kipa Check"" au ""Checks,"" na Mfalme lazima aruke, kwa mfano, f7 ili kuokoa mwenyewe." Pawn katika Chess: Hapa unaweza kuona pawns 16, kwa hiyo wote walikuwa katika sanduku, na turks mbili, askofu mmoja, farasi mmoja, wafalme wawili, pamoja na: Mwanzoni mwa mchezo, pawns nyeupe ni kuwekwa katika safu ya pili na pawns nyeusi katika safu ya saba, kutoka hapo wao kusonga au kukamata mbele kuelekea adui, pawns nyeupe kutoka chini na juu, pawns nyeusi katika mwelekeo kinyume. Kwa mfano, pawn d4 inaweza kukamata e5 na kinyume chake, kwa sababu pawns, ingawa kusonga mbele katika faili yao, kukamata obliquely, daima kusonga mbele kuelekea adui. Msimamo wa juu unaonyesha pawns tatu immobile, pawns "kufungwa": g3, g4, na f7. Pawn g3 ni blocked na g4, kwa sababu Pawn haikumbuki moja kwa moja mbele lakini obliquely. Picha hii inaonyesha pawns tisa zikiwa ziko kwenye mraba waliopo mwanzoni mwa mchezo: a2, b2, e2, f2, h2, a7, b7, c7, f7, hawajaondoka bado; pawns saba wengine wamepita wakati wa mchezo. Pawn d4 ina hatua mbili zinazowezekana: kuendeleza d5 au kukamata e5. Pawn c3 ina hatua moja tu inayowezekana: kusonga mbele hadi c4. Sheria hii ilianzishwa karibu karne nne zilizopita kwamba pawns katika nafasi yao ya awali na ambayo si kuzuiwa inaweza kusonga mbele hatua moja au mbili kulingana na mpango wa mchezaji. Kanuni hii ilifanya mchezo huo uwe na uhai zaidi, na kwa hiyo ulimwengu wa Chess ulikubali kwa wakati. Kwa mfano, Pawn a2 inaweza kusonga mbele hadi a3 au a4 katika hatua moja. Kwa sababu ya sheria hiyo, kulikuwa na tatizo. Lengo lake lilikuwa kuharakisha mwendo wa mashindano ya Chess na kuongeza aina yao, lakini wakati mwingine ilisaliti haki dhahiri za mpinzani. Ili kuonyesha jambo hili, angalia pawns mbili f2 na g4. Pawn g4 anasimama juu ya f3. Ikiwa f2 inakwenda f3, g4 inaweza kuikamata; hivyo ilikuwa kwa karne nyingi; baada ya kuanzishwa kwa sheria mpya, Pawn f2 inaweza kuepuka Pawn g4 kwa kuendeleza mara moja f4 na kisha inaweza kusumbua nyeusi bila adhabu. Kwa kawaida, pawn g4 katika ulinzi walijisikia kudanganywa, wakati pawn adui crept kupitia posts mbele. Kulikuwa na matukio ya mabishano makali. Haingeweza kuwa maana ya uvumbuzi kufanya Pawn maendeleo kinga. Mwishowe haki ilishinda; pawn aliyesimama kwa ulinzi alipewa haki ya kukamata, kama vile pawn aliyejaribu kuingilia alikuwa amepita hatua moja tu; lakini pawn aliyesimama kwa ulinzi hawezi kuahirisha harakati hii lakini lazima afanye bila kupoteza wakati kama jibu la haraka kwa jaribio la maendeleo. Kwa mfano, katika nafasi ya juu, nyeupe inahama f2 na nyeusi inaweza kujibu g4 na f3 na hivyo kutekeleza nia yake ya awali ya kukamata pawn kwenye f3. Aina hii ya kukamata inaitwa "kukamata kwa kupita" au, kwa usemi wa Kifaransa kukamata "en passant". Ikiwa pawn, baada ya f2 na f4, haikamatwi mara moja na g4, inabaki bila kusumbuliwa kwenye f4 na baada ya hapo inapaswa kushindana tu na pawns za uadui za faili f na e. Pawns tu kusonga mbele kufika, katika kusonga mbele safu kwa safu hatimaye kwa safu ya nane ambapo kulingana na sheria wao kuja kwa kizuizi na itakuwa immobile. Je, hilo linapaswa kumaanisha kifo chao? Je, sasa wanapaswa kuwa wasiofaa kitu baada ya kutimiza wajibu wao na kupigana njia yao kupitia safu za adui? Hilo halingekuwa la haki. Kwa kuwa katika mapambano ni heshima kuvutia moto wa adui na kumdhuru, Pawn inayoendelea hadi safu ya mwisho ni thawabu kwa kuwa "ofisa" katika jeshi lake; inabadilishwa kwa Malkia, Rook, Bishop au Knight, kulingana na mapenzi ya mchezaji; hupandishwa cheo kwa cheo cha juu kwani maafisa wana mwendo na thamani zaidi kuliko Pawns. Ikiwa ni zamu ya White kuhamia hapa, anaweza kuendeleza Pawn e7 hadi e8, kubadilisha kwa Malkia na kupiga Mate. Kama ni zamu ya Black kuhamia, anaweza kusonga mbele f2 kwa f1, kudai Knight na Checkmate White. Katika mchezo wa chess, watu wanawekwa mwanzoni mwa mchezo kwa utaratibu ulioonyeshwa hapa chini, na White hufanya hatua ya kwanza. Katika pembe za nguzo, kuna majeshi ya White, katika safu ya kwanza, R, N, B, Q, K, B, N, R; pembe ya kulia ya White ni nyeupe; katika safu ya pili, kuna majeshi ya White, katika safu ya saba, majeshi ya Black, na katika safu ya nane, majeshi ya Black, kila mmoja kinyume na jenerali wa White wa aina yake mwenyewe, Malkia kinyume na Malkia, Mfalme kinyume na Mfalme, na kadhalika. Malkia mweupe amewekwa kwenye mraba mweupe, Malkia mweusi kwenye mraba mweusi, Malkia kwa hivyo kwenye mraba wa rangi yake mwenyewe - mabaki ya ujasiri wa feudal. Mwisho wa mchezo: Checkmate, Stalemate, Draw Kwa Checkmate mchezo ni kuamua, lakini si kila mchezo inaisha na Mate. Ikiwa yule ambaye ni zamu yake kuhamia hawezi kufanya hatua yoyote halali na bado Mfalme wake haujaribiwa, haujaribiwa, ingawa mchezo ni lazima uwe umekwisha. Mwisho kama huo wa mchezo huitwa Kukatiza, usiofaa, bandia, Mshirika asiye na matokeo, kwa ufupi "Kukatiza". "Mtu aliye katika hali ya ""Stalemate"" hawezi kupoteza mchezo wala kushinda, kwa sababu ni yule tu aliye katika hali ya ""Checkmated"" ambaye hupoteza mchezo, na kwa hiyo hali muhimu ni kwamba Mfalme awe katika hali ya ""Check,"" wakati katika hali ya ""Stallmating"" Mfalme hayuko katika hali ya ""Check.""" "Kama hakuna mmoja wa wapinzani anaamini yeye ana nguvu ya kumaliza mchezo kwa kusimamia ""Checkmate,"" mchezo ni undecided, ""kuchora,"" kwa makubaliano ya pande zote." Makubaliano haya yanaweza kuwa ya hiari au ya lazima. Ni lazima wakati wapinzani wawili wanarudia hatua zao, kwenda nyuma na mbele bila kubadilisha nafasi yao, pia ni lazima wakati kwa hatua hamsini mfululizo hakuna mabadiliko muhimu, hakuna maendeleo kuelekea lengo la mwisho yanaweza kuonyeshwa na mchezaji yeyote. "Hii ni sheria inayokubaliwa, ""Hii inawezekana wakati wakati wa hatua hizo hamsini hakuna kukamatwa au maendeleo ya pawn imefanywa, kwa sababu hizi ni, kwa makubaliano ya kawaida, nje, ishara inayoonekana ya mabadiliko muhimu.""" Black ni hatari ya kucheza na Chechmat kwa njia mbili: Qh3 na H2 au kucheza na G2. White hawezi kuepuka hatari hiyo, kwa hiyo anajaribu kumshambulia mpinzani kwa kutoa Check na Qb6 kwa a6. Black alilazimika kujibu Ka8 kwa b8. Q6 na B6 ni sawa na B6 na B6 ni sawa na B6. Pawn pinned hawezi kukamata, kwa hiyo Kb8, -c8 au -a8. Kwa mfano, Db6a6 na Ka8b8 Na hundi hawana mwisho, mchezo ni kuchorwa na hundi ya kudumu. """Hii ni sheria na sheria za mchezo; kulingana na sheria sawa kucheza mwanzoni na mkongwe, duffer na bwana." Yeyote asiyefuata sheria hizi hachezi mchezo wa chess; yeyote anayefuata sheria hizo ni wa jamii ya wachezaji wa chess ambao wanahesabu mamilioni. "Kile kinachowatofautisha wachezaji wa mchezo wa chess, ambao wote hufuata sheria sawa, huitwa ""mkakati"" - mpango, maana, nia, nguvu, kwa ufupi sababu ya hatua zao." Sababu hii haitofautiani na sababu zote, lakini ni sehemu yake, iliyokua kwenye mwili wake, inayomilikiwa na nguvu yake na kuamriwa na maumivu yake. "Katika mti huo huo ambapo tawi dogo linatundika, linaitwa ""mantiki ya Aristotle,"" kuna tawi jingine linaloitwa ""mkakati katika mchezo wa chess.""" Sasa tumezungumzia sheria za mchezo wa chesi; hatua inayofuata ni mbinu ya mchezo wa chesi. Wakati wewe ni kuanza safari yako katika chess ni vigumu kujua nini chess vitabu, programu na e-vitabu kujifunza. Kuna pengo kubwa kati ya kujua jinsi ya kuhamisha vipande na kujifunza mkakati na mbinu za hali ya juu zaidi. Chess e-vitabu na chess programu iliyotolewa hapa itasaidia daraja kwamba pengo na kupata wewe haraka juu ya barabara ya chess mafanikio! Baada ya kujifunza sheria za mchezo wa chess unaweza kuendelea hadi ngazi inayofuata kwa kujifunza kidogo. "Kama unavyosoma kitabu hiki, unaweza kupata vitabu viwili vya chess: ""Chess Openings for Beginners"" na ""Chess Endings for Beginners"" - kwa kuzingatia kanuni zilizoelezwa hapo, mtu yeyote atapata msingi thabiti katika sanaa ya chess." | <urn:uuid:6a4038c7-2cfa-477a-a825-27fea280ad4e> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.chesscentral.com/pages/first-moves-in-chess/the-rules-of-chess.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Learn how to make your own moon craters for a fun sensory play experiment! Whether you’re studying space or just looking for an engaging outdoor activity, making moon craters is perfect (and for all ages!) This activity combines: sensory play, math, science, and more for an invitation to learn and explore. The quick video below gives an overview with full materials and instructions below!
Due to the inherit messiness, this activity is best to setup outside. If you’re in a warm climate, you might choose to use flour or sand for your ‘lunar surface’. In cold weather, snow would be a fun alternative! Keep a few hand towels and a garden hose nearby, and you’re good to go!
Below is the list of materials you will need to complete the experiment, although you could make substitutions or additions as you see fit.
+ baking tray
+ substrate (baking flour, sand, snow, etc)
+ assorted balls (try using various sizes and weights of balls)
+ fabric measuring tape
+ stopwatch (optional)
+ chair (optional)
Let The Fun Begin
- Bring all of your materials outside. You will start by measuring the circumference of each ball with the fabric measuring tape. You may want to ask your children to sort the balls from smallest to largest, or estimate the size of each ball before you measure. Record your measurements on the left hand column of your Moon Craters Log.
- Pour/scoop the substrate onto your baking tray. You want a generous amount, as heavier balls will depress the substrate down, and you want the best possible ball imprint or ‘crater’.
- Drop your first ball! You might want to ask your child to estimate what size ‘crater’ the ball will create. Also, standing on a chair gives children an extra height boost which produces better craters. If using a stopwatch, you could time the drop of each ball to compare the height/speed/size ratio after the lesson.
- Using your ruler, measure the diameter of the crater formed. Record your measurements on the right hand column of your Moon Craters Log.
- Repeat steps 3-4 for the remaining balls.
Compare your results and discuss. Did the largest ball make the largest crater? Does the weight of the ball affect the size of the crater? Read a bit about the moon and discuss how lunar craters are formed.
I hope you have fun with this activity! Don’t forget to download your Moon Craters Log for FREE! Let me know if you try it or if you have any questions in the comments below. Happy playing and learning! | Jifunze jinsi ya kutengeneza maporomoko yako mwenyewe ya mwezi kwa ajili ya jaribio la kuchezea la hisia! Kama wewe ni kujifunza nafasi au tu kuangalia kwa ajili ya shughuli ya nje ya kuvutia, kufanya mwezi craters ni kamilifu (na kwa umri wote!) Shughuli hii inachanganya: mchezo wa hisi, hesabu, sayansi, na zaidi kwa mwaliko wa kujifunza na kuchunguza. Video fupi hapa chini inatoa muhtasari na vifaa kamili na maelekezo hapa chini! Kwa sababu ya uharibifu wa urithi, shughuli hii ni bora kuanzisha nje. Kama wewe ni katika hali ya hewa ya joto, unaweza kuchagua kutumia unga au mchanga kwa ajili ya "mwezi uso" yako. Katika hali ya hewa baridi, theluji ingekuwa mbadala wenye kufurahisha! Weka taulo chache za mikono na mfereji wa bustani karibu, na uko tayari kwenda! Chini ni orodha ya vifaa unahitaji kukamilisha majaribio, ingawa unaweza kufanya uingizwaji au nyongeza kama unaona inafaa. + baking tray + substrate (kuoka unga, mchanga, theluji, nk) + mipira mbalimbali (jaribu kutumia ukubwa mbalimbali na uzito wa mipira) + kitambaa kipimo mkanda + stopwatch (optional) + kiti (optional) Hebu Fun kuanza - Kuleta vifaa yako yote nje. Ukianza, kipimo cha mduara wa kila mpira kwa kutumia mkanda wa kupima kitambaa. Unaweza kuwauliza watoto wako wachague mipira kutoka ndogo hadi kubwa, au wapime ukubwa wa kila mpira kabla ya kupima. Rekodi vipimo vyako kwenye safu ya kushoto ya Jarida lako la Moon Craters. - Mimina au chukua substrate kwenye sahani yako ya kuoka. Unataka kiasi kiburi, kama mipira nzito zaidi itashusha substrate chini, na unataka alama bora ya mpira au <unk> crater <unk>. - Tupa mpira wako wa kwanza! Huenda ukataka mtoto wako akadiria ukubwa wa "mlipuko" utakaotokezwa na mpira huo. Pia, kusimama juu ya kiti huwapa watoto mwinuko wa ziada ambao hutokeza maporomoko bora. Kwa kutumia saa ya kusimamisha, unaweza kukadiria wakati kila mpira unaposhuka ili kulinganisha uwiano wa urefu, mwendo, na ukubwa baada ya somo. - Tumia kipima-mwisho chako, upime kipenyo cha kreta iliyofanyizwa. Andika vipimo vyako kwenye safu ya kulia ya Jarida lako la Moon Craters. Kurudia hatua ya 3 na 4 kwa mipira iliyobaki. Linganisha matokeo yako na uzungumze. Je, mpira mkubwa zaidi ulifanya kreta kubwa zaidi? Je, uzito wa mpira huo huathiri ukubwa wa kreta hiyo? Soma kidogo kuhusu mwezi na uzungumze jinsi milipuko ya mwezi inavyofanyizwa. Natumaini utafurahia shughuli hii! Usisahau kupakua Moon Craters Log yako kwa bure! Napenda kujua kama wewe kujaribu au kama una maswali yoyote katika maoni hapa chini. Furaha ya kucheza na kujifunza! | <urn:uuid:93603fbb-c584-43c4-94dc-91c0ba97bd22> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.chickieandroo.com/2020/01/19/make-your-own-moon-craters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
The beginning of the new year is a great time to establish new resolutions and goals—in both our personal and professional lives—for the next 6 to 12 months. I, for one, need to save money for my upcoming wedding, while I also need to keep losing weight so I can look good in the photos that will be around seemingly forever. But while we tend to think of these as my objectives, they’re not. That’s because the amount of money I would like to save and the weight I want to lose are different from what I can realistically reach. This is where SMART goals come in handy.
What’s a S.M.A.R.T goal?
Behind this accessible acronym is a framework to help us define our goals and, importantly, achieve them. It helps us set goals that answer all kinds of questions, such as:
- What do I want to accomplish?
- Who’s involved?
- When do I need to do it?
- How much?
- When do I need to reach this goal?
- How will I be able to measure my performance?
- How will I know if I reached this goal?
Let’s look at each of the five components of S.M.A.R.T:
While setting specific objectives sounds like a logical and simple step, most people don’t do so.
Getting specific makes us answer the six “W” questions: What, Who, Why, Where, When, and Which.
Calling on my losing weight example, you’ll notice that my goals of “getting in shape” and “losing weight” aren’t very specific objectives. But by being more precise with my goal, I might instead say: “I want to get in shape. So my objective is to join a gym and workout for an hour twice a week starting next week.”
With the help of a simple sentence, I turned my general goal into a more concrete objective that I can easily stick to.
There is absolutely no point in setting objectives if you don’t know how to measure your achievement. Otherwise, how will you know you’ve achieved it?
For our example, when it comes to losing weight, one seemingly clear indicator to use might be the body mass index (BMI). But the BMI is an overall indicator; it doesn’t tell the whole story. We know that muscles weigh more than fat—so just measuring one’s weight can be misleading. In order to have a better idea of my losing-weight performance, I could measure my muscle mass and the size of my waist, thighs, and arms over time.
For an objective to be measurable, we need to ask: How much? How many? How will I know when I reached my goal?
In order to be more efficient, the goals and objectives we define must be both achievable and realistic. Yet they needn’t be “easy.” They should also give us the opportunity to stretch ourselves by identifying new resources and actions that can help to bring us closer to our goals. An achievable goal will usually answer questions such as:
- How can I accomplish this goal?
- How realistic is the goal, based on other constraints, such as work, family obligations, logistics, and budget?
Taking this step ensures that we are setting goals that are relevant to us and that are aligned with our other goals. To be relevant, the answer to the following questions must be “yes”:
- Does this seem worthwhile?
- Is this the right time?
- Is it complementary to other efforts or needs?
In your professional life, you can add these two questions:
- Am I the right person to reach this goal?
- Is it applicable in the current socio-economic environment?
Asking and answering these questions helps us avoid spending our finite time and energy on an objective that is just not worth it. It’s all about making sure the timing’s right.
By adding deadlines to our goals, we can set priorities and milestones to measure performance. It’s important to set up realistic time frames to accomplish the smaller goals that, all together, help us achieve our final objective.
Why S.M.A.R.T goals are important for your business
Enough talking about my weight—or I’ll get depressed! What’s more important is to recognize why you should be using S.M.A.R.T goals to run your business more successfully. The S.M.A.R.T. methodology can help you manage your priorities better, increase your focus and productivity, and build your confidence.
As a marketer, I always keep an eye out for new opportunities to improve my performance, both in acquisition and customer retention. It becomes very obvious that marketing trends change rapidly. Not a day goes by without a new article or video popping on my social feeds: “The Essentials of Marketing in 2020,” “The 10 things to do for successful marketing,” “I tried these new tactics and increased my traffic by 5 Million Percent!”
I always feel bad for not having enough time and resources to try everything I read about. But then I take a step back and realize that it’s realistically not possible to do all of them efficiently at the same time. Setting S.M.A.R.T goals helps me drive my focus on the best activities for ClicData and still improve my stats. When you set S.M.A.R.T goals, you naturally direct your attention and your team’s attention toward your next step. As a result, everyone can work more collaboratively and focus their efforts in the most effective direction, and the actions that follow will naturally propel you in that direction.
S.M.A.R.T goals: examples for an efficient marketing strategy
Too often, when companies want to get started with integrated marketing, they go straight to the tools. They ask themselves: What are the right keywords to rank for? Should we use Facebook, Twitter, or Google+? Should we be writing content four times a day or 57 times a month? Should we invest in this trade show or sponsor that event?
SEO, content, paid search, and social efforts are all fundamental pieces to a successful marketing approach that avoids siloing. But they are simply tools. Your efforts will be much more successful—and a lot easier to get off the ground—if you start with goals and KPIs.
Defining your revenue goals and brand marketing goals early in your process will help you establish them as important components of your marketing approach. Doing so will affect how your company approaches many aspects of the job, including content creation, technical SEO, and demand campaigns. As a result, they help you find the shortest path to success by tracking your marketing results.
S.M.A.R.T marketing goal: Brand
Setting brand marketing goals are critical to your success. Your company might want to set a specific brand goal of reaching a certain percentage of market share in your industry. Or you might decide to set smaller goals as well, such as expanding your email list by a certain amount, driving more blog traffic, or winning Google features snippets for a specific list of targeted keywords.
S.M.A.R.T marketing goal: Revenue
Specifying your revenue marketing goals helps you see how you are going to achieve them. For example, product-based companies might set a revenue marketing goal to increase software subscriptions or increase new customer contacts by a certain percentage. Service-based companies might set a revenue goal to increase inquiries by a certain percentage. The goal becomes a benchmark that you can check your progress.
Once you’ve established your unique brand and revenue goals, the next step is to define those goals in measurable terms.
Of course, you can count on ClicData’s BI platform to track your achievement and to compare your results against your goals in real-time. You can gather all your KPIs in a single dashboard and share your results with your managers and your team throughout the year. | Mwanzo wa mwaka mpya ni wakati mzuri wa kuanzisha azimio mpya na malengo katika maisha yetu ya kibinafsi na ya kitaaluma kwa miezi sita hadi kumi na mbili ijayo. """Ninahitaji kuokoa pesa kwa ajili ya harusi yangu inayokuja, wakati mimi pia haja ya kuendelea kupoteza uzito ili niweze kuangalia nzuri katika picha kwamba itakuwa karibu inaonekana milele." Lakini wakati sisi huwa na kufikiri ya haya kama malengo yangu, wao si. Hiyo ni kwa sababu kiasi cha pesa ningependa kuokoa na uzito ningependa kupoteza ni tofauti na kile ninachoweza kufikia kwa kweli. Hapa ndipo malengo ya SMART yanapokuwa muhimu. Lengo la S.M.A.R.T. ni nini? Nyuma ya kifupi hiki kinachoweza kufikiwa ni mfumo wa kutusaidia kufafanua malengo yetu na, muhimu zaidi, kuyatimiza. Inatusaidia kuweka miradi ambayo hujibu maswali ya aina zote, kama vile: - Ninataka kutimiza nini? - Ni nani anayehusika? - Ninahitaji kufanya hivyo wakati gani? - Ni kiasi gani? - Ni wakati gani ninaohitaji kufikia mradi huo? - Nitawezaje kupima utendaji wangu? - Nitajuaje ikiwa nimefikia mradi huu? Hebu tuangalie kila moja ya vipengele vitano vya S.M.A.R.T: Wakati kuweka malengo maalum inaonekana kama hatua ya kimantiki na rahisi, watu wengi si kufanya hivyo. "Kuwa na uhakika hufanya tupate majibu ya maswali sita ya ""W"": Nini, Nani, Kwa nini, wapi, lini, na ni ipi." Kwa kutumia mfano wangu wa kupoteza uzito, utaona kwamba malengo yangu ya "kupata umbo" na "kupoteza uzito" si malengo maalum sana. Lakini kwa kuwa sahihi zaidi na lengo langu, ningeweza badala yake kusema: <unk>Nataka kupata katika umbo. """Lengo langu ni kujiunga na mazoezi ya mwili kwa saa moja mara mbili kwa wiki kuanzia wiki ijayo, kwa msaada wa sentensi rahisi, niligeuza lengo langu la jumla kuwa lengo halisi ambalo ninaweza kushikamana nalo kwa urahisi." Hakuna uhakika wowote katika kuweka malengo kama hujui jinsi ya kupima mafanikio yako. Vinginevyo, utajuaje kwamba umepata mafanikio? Kwa mfano, kwa ajili ya kupunguza uzito, unaweza kutumia kiwango cha mwili (BMI). Lakini BMI ni kiashiria cha jumla; haisemi hadithi nzima. Tunajua kwamba misuli huzidi mafuta <unk>kwa hiyo kupima uzito wa mtu tu kunaweza kuwa na udanganyifu. Ili kujua jinsi ninavyoweza kupunguza uzito, nilijaribu kupima misuli yangu na vipande vya kiuno, viuno, na mikono. Ili mradi uweze kupimwa, tunahitaji kuuliza: Ni kiasi gani? Ni wangapi? Nitajuaje ni lini nitakapofikia mradi wangu? Ili kuwa na ufanisi zaidi, malengo na malengo tunayofafanua lazima yaweze kupatikana na kuwa ya kweli. Hata hivyo, haipaswi kuwa "rahisi". Lazima pia kutupa fursa ya kujiongezea kwa kutambua rasilimali mpya na vitendo vinavyoweza kutusaidia kukaribia malengo yetu. Kwa kawaida mradi unaoweza kutimizwa utajibu maswali kama vile: - Ninaweza kutimizaje mradi huo? - Lengo hilo linawezekana kadiri gani, kulingana na vizuizi vingine, kama vile kazi, wajibu wa familia, vifaa, na bajeti? Kuchukua hatua hii inahakikisha kwamba tunaweka malengo ambayo yanahusiana na sisi na ambayo yanalingana na malengo yetu mengine. Ili kuwa muhimu, jibu la maswali yafuatayo lazima liwe <unk>ndiyo<unk>: - Je, hii inaonekana kuwa yenye thamani? - Je, huu ni wakati unaofaa? - Je, ni complementary kwa juhudi nyingine au mahitaji? Katika maisha yako ya kitaaluma, unaweza kuongeza maswali haya mawili: - Je, mimi ni mtu sahihi kufikia lengo hili? - Je, inatumika katika mazingira ya sasa ya kijamii na kiuchumi? Kuuliza na kujibu maswali haya hutusaidia kuepuka kutumia wakati wetu na nishati yetu kwa lengo ambalo halina thamani. Ni juu ya kuhakikisha kwamba wakati ni sahihi. Kwa kuongeza tarehe za mwisho kwa malengo yetu, tunaweza kuweka vipaumbele na hatua za kupima utendaji. Ni muhimu kuanzisha mipaka ya muda ya kweli ili kutimiza malengo madogo ambayo, pamoja, hutusaidia kufikia lengo letu la mwisho. Kwa nini malengo ya S.M.A.R.T. ni muhimu kwa biashara yako Kuacha kuzungumza juu ya uzito wangu <unk> au mimi <unk> itabidi kupata depressed! Nini ni muhimu zaidi ni kutambua kwa nini unapaswa kuwa kutumia S.M.A.R.T malengo ya kuendesha biashara yako kwa mafanikio zaidi. S.M.A.R.T. Mazoezi ya kuongoza yanaweza kukusaidia kusimamia vipaumbele vyako vizuri, kuongeza umakini wako na uzalishaji, na kujenga ujasiri wako. Kama mfanyabiashara, mimi daima kuweka jicho nje kwa ajili ya fursa mpya za kuboresha utendaji wangu, wote katika upatikanaji na uhifadhi wa wateja. Ni dhahiri kwamba mwenendo wa uuzaji unabadilika haraka. Hakuna siku inayopita bila makala mpya au video popping juu ya malisho yangu ya kijamii: Vitu muhimu vya Uuzaji katika 2020: Mambo 10 ya Kufanya kwa Uuzaji wa Mafanikio: Nilijaribu mbinu hizi mpya na kuongeza trafiki yangu kwa asilimia milioni 5 - Sikuzote nahisi vibaya kwa kutokuwa na wakati na rasilimali za kutosha kujaribu kila kitu ninachosoma. Lakini kisha mimi kuchukua hatua nyuma na kutambua kwamba ni kweli haiwezekani kufanya yao yote kwa ufanisi kwa wakati mmoja. Kuweka malengo ya S.M.A.R.T. hunisaidia kuelekeza umakini wangu kwenye shughuli bora kwa ClicData na bado kuboresha takwimu zangu. Wakati kuweka S.M.A.R.T malengo, wewe asili kuelekeza tahadhari yako na timu yako' tahadhari kuelekea hatua yako ijayo. Kama matokeo, kila mtu anaweza kufanya kazi kwa ushirikiano zaidi na kuzingatia juhudi zao katika mwelekeo bora zaidi, na vitendo vinavyofuata vitakuongoza kwa asili katika mwelekeo huo. S.M.A.R.T. malengo: mifano kwa ajili ya mkakati wa masoko ufanisi Mara nyingi sana, wakati makampuni wanataka kuanza na masoko jumuishi, wao kwenda moja kwa moja kwa zana. Wanajiuliza: Ni maneno gani sahihi ya kuweka nafasi? Je, tunapaswa kutumia Facebook, Twitter, au Google+? Je, unapaswa kuandika mara nne kwa siku au mara 57 kwa mwezi? Je, tunapaswa kuwekeza katika maonyesho haya ya biashara au kudhamini tukio hilo? SEO, maudhui, utafutaji wa kulipwa, na juhudi za kijamii ni vipande vyote vya msingi vya mbinu ya uuzaji iliyofanikiwa ambayo inaepuka siloing. Lakini ni vifaa tu. Jitihada zako zitakuwa na mafanikio zaidi <unk> na rahisi zaidi kuanza <unk> ikiwa utaanza na malengo na KPIs. Kuamua malengo yako ya mapato na malengo ya uuzaji wa chapa mapema katika mchakato wako itakusaidia kuanzisha kama vipengele muhimu vya mbinu yako ya uuzaji. Kufanya hivyo kutaathiri jinsi kampuni yako inavyokaribia mambo mengi ya kazi, pamoja na uundaji wa maudhui, SEO ya kiufundi, na kampeni za mahitaji. Kwa hivyo, tunakusaidia kupata njia fupi ya mafanikio kwa kufuatilia matokeo yako ya uuzaji. S.M.A.R.T. Mfano wa Uuzaji: Uuzaji wa bidhaa ni muhimu kwa mafanikio yako. Kampuni yako inaweza kuweka lengo maalum la chapa ya kufikia asilimia fulani ya sehemu ya soko katika sekta yako. Au unaweza kuamua kuweka malengo madogo pia, kama vile kupanua orodha yako ya barua pepe kwa kiasi fulani, kuendesha trafiki zaidi ya blogi, au kushinda vipande vya vipengele vya Google kwa orodha maalum ya maneno muhimu. S.M.A.R.T. Mfano: Mfano wa Uuzaji wa Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo ya Mauzo Kwa mfano, kampuni zinazozingatia bidhaa zinaweza kuweka lengo la uuzaji wa mapato kuongeza usajili wa programu au kuongeza mawasiliano mapya ya wateja kwa asilimia fulani. Kampuni za huduma zinaweza kuweka lengo la mapato kuongeza maswali kwa asilimia fulani. Lengo linakuwa kipimo ambacho unaweza kukagua maendeleo yako. Mara baada ya kuanzisha brand yako ya kipekee na malengo ya mapato, hatua inayofuata ni kufafanua malengo hayo katika maneno ya kupimwa. Kwa kweli, unaweza kutegemea jukwaa la ClicData la BI kufuatilia mafanikio yako na kulinganisha matokeo yako dhidi ya malengo yako kwa wakati halisi. Unaweza kukusanya KPI zako zote katika dashibodi moja na kushiriki matokeo yako na wasimamizi wako na timu yako mwaka mzima. | <urn:uuid:9230948c-0eb6-490f-959d-84d5357b3063> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.clicdata.com/blog/how-to-set-smart-goals-for-your-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
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Behind every domain name is an Internet protocol (IP) address. IP regulation is needed to ensure the advancement of the Internet for future generations.
Recent statistics indicate that 87% of all U.S. adults use the internet at their home, place of work, or school (Gallup, 2013). That totals to 208 million U.S. adults on the internet, however very few understand how the Internet is governed.
Behind every website name is a numerical address called an IP (Internet Protocol) address, but before you dismiss this information the way in which IP addresses are allocated matters immensely.
Who is ARIN?
During the beginning stages of the internet, developers created a series of numbers, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), to effectively and efficiently network between computers.
A few years later the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), now a department of Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), was created to help manage IPv4 IP addresses. As the internet continued to grow so did the need for IPs and organizations to manage their distribution. From the 1980s through the 2000s, a number of organizations were created to do just that.
In 1997, the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN), one of five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), was created as a nonprofit to issue Internet number resources in its region that today includes parts of the Caribbean, Canada, and the US. ARIN was also created to facilitate consensus-based policies and even promote the advancement of the Internet through education and outreach (ARIN, 2013). Today we rely on ARIN to implement the policies developed through open and ongoing community input. In other words, ARIN is the organization with the authority to carry-out the policies we created around Internet numbers – whatever they say, goes!
What are IPs?
To sum it up, an IP address is a number that identifies a device on a computer network (ARIN, 2013). Computer-friendly identifiers are used for moving information from a source to a destination through a process known as routing.
In essence, you are nothing but an IP address. Every device you own that is/can be connected to the internet has a unique IP address that enables you to communicate with the internet. Whether you are using a computer, WiFi enabled cell phone or tablet; right now you are utilizing at least 2 IP addresses (the computer/device you are on plus that of the web page you are browsing)
Every web page you visit has an IP address. That site address that you put in to find out the latest NBA news, whether its NBA.com or BleacherReport.com, is linked to an IP address. These site addresses (domain names as they are really called) are just labels used in place of an IP address so that your computer can locate the site on the Internet.
Test it out
Go to CNN.com and see how it looks. Now open up a new tab and type in 184.108.40.206, what do you see? Hopefully you see the same thing as what is displayed when you type in CNN.com. Since CNN.com is on its very own unique, dedicated IP address the computer communicates directly with the IP address to deliver you with the latest news. To sum it up, CNN.com is located at the address 220.127.116.11.
Even your email depends on IP addresses to communicate. Each email you send out is associated with an IP address of the domain provider you are sending from. For example, if you’re a Gmail fan then your email will be associated with an IP address from Google. It’s the same with your work email, your email is sent from the IP associated with your company’s domain name.
IP addresses are what connect us to the internet and the world. However, the world is running out, running out of IPv4 space. So what do we do now?
Check out The Truth about IP addresses Part 2 to see how ARIN is dealing with the IPv4 depletion and how you can stay connected! | WhatsApp inaongeza wito wa sauti, Facebook inaangalia kuelekea TelecomFeb 24, 2014 Biashara ya ukubwa wa kati: Jinsi ya Kupata MsaadaFeb 25, 2014 Nyuma ya kila jina la kikoa ni anwani ya itifaki ya mtandao (IP). Usimamizi wa IP ni muhimu ili kuhakikisha maendeleo ya mtandao kwa vizazi vijavyo. Takwimu za hivi karibuni zinaonyesha kwamba asilimia 87 ya watu wazima nchini Marekani hutumia mtandao nyumbani, kazini au shuleni. Kwa mujibu wa ripoti hiyo, watu wazima milioni 208 nchini Marekani wana mtandao wa internet, lakini ni wachache sana wanaotambua jinsi mtandao unavyoendeshwa. Nyuma ya jina la kila tovuti kuna anwani ya tarakimu inayoitwa anwani ya IP (Protocol ya Mtandao), lakini kabla ya kuondoa habari hii, njia ambayo anwani za IP zimetengwa ni muhimu sana. Ni nani aliye na jina la ARIN? Katika hatua za mwanzo za mtandao, watengenezaji waliunda safu ya nambari, Internet Protocol toleo la 4 (IPv4) kwa ufanisi na ufanisi mtandao kati ya kompyuta. IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) ni shirika la Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) ambalo linahusika na utunzaji wa anwani za IPv4. Internet ilipoendelea kukua, hivyo pia mahitaji ya IP na mashirika ya kusimamia usambazaji wao. Kuanzia miaka ya 1980 hadi 2000, makundi kadhaa yalianzishwa kufanya hivyo. "Kama ""American Registry for Internet Numbers"" (ARIN), moja ya tano Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), ilianzishwa kama shirika lisilo la faida kutoa rasilimali za nambari za mtandao katika mkoa wake ambao leo ni pamoja na sehemu za Caribbean, Canada na Marekani." ARIN pia iliundwa ili kuwezesha sera za makubaliano na hata kukuza maendeleo ya mtandao kupitia elimu na ufikiaji (ARIN, 2013). Leo tunategemea ARIN kutekeleza sera zilizotengenezwa kupitia maoni ya wazi na ya kuendelea ya jamii. Kwa maneno mengine, ARIN ni shirika lenye mamlaka ya kutekeleza sera tulizotengeneza kuhusu nambari za mtandao - chochote wanachosema, kinaenda! IP ni nini? Anwani ya IP ni nambari inayotambulisha kifaa kwenye mtandao wa kompyuta (ARIN, 2013). Vitambulisho vya kompyuta hutumiwa kuhamisha habari kutoka chanzo hadi mahali pa kwenda kupitia mchakato unaojulikana kama njia. Kwa kweli, wewe ni kitu ila anwani ya IP. Kila kifaa unachokitumia ambacho kinaweza kuunganishwa na mtandao kina anwani ya kipekee ya IP ambayo inakuwezesha kuwasiliana na mtandao. Ikiwa una simu ya mkononi, kompyuta, au kompyuta ya mkononi, kwa kawaida, una angalau anwani mbili za IP (kompyuta au kifaa unachoitumia pamoja na ukurasa wa wavuti unaotembelea) na kila ukurasa unaotembelea una anwani ya IP. Kwa mfano, anwani ya tovuti ya NBA, kama vile NBA.com au BleacherReport.com, inaweza kuunganishwa na anwani ya IP. Anwani za tovuti (jina la kikoa kama zinavyoitwa kweli) ni lebo tu zinazotumiwa badala ya anwani ya IP ili kompyuta yako iweze kupata tovuti kwenye mtandao. "Kama unavyoona, unaweza kwenda kwenye tovuti ya CNN na kuona jinsi inavyoonekana.""" Sasa fungua tab mpya na uandike 184.108.40.206 na utaona nini? Kwa hivyo, tunatumaini kuwa utapata kitu ambacho kinaonekana wakati wa kuandika kwenye wavuti ya CNN. Kwa kuwa CNN.com ina anwani yake ya IP ya kipekee, kompyuta inazungumza moja kwa moja na anwani ya IP ili kukupa habari za hivi karibuni. Kwa mfano, CNN.com ni tovuti ya mtandao wa kijamii, na inapatikana katika anwani ya 220.127.116.11. Hata barua pepe yako inategemea anwani za IP kuwasiliana. Kila barua pepe unayotuma inahusishwa na anwani ya IP ya mtoa huduma wa kikoa unaotuma kutoka. Kwa mfano, kama wewe ni shabiki wa Gmail basi barua pepe yako itakuwa kuhusishwa na anwani ya IP kutoka Google. Ni sawa na barua pepe yako ya kazi, barua pepe yako hutumwa kutoka kwa IP inayohusishwa na jina la kikoa cha kampuni yako. Anwani za IP ni kile kinachotuunganisha na mtandao na ulimwengu. Hata hivyo, kwa sasa, nchi nyingi zinakabiliwa na shida ya nafasi ya IPv4. Kwa hiyo tunafanya nini sasa? Angalia Ukweli kuhusu Anwani za IP Sehemu ya 2 ili kuona jinsi ARIN inashughulika na uchovu wa IPv4 na jinsi unaweza kukaa kushikamana! | <urn:uuid:de54675f-6ce6-4334-8b9c-c3ac23fa3fab> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.colocationamerica.com/blog/truth-ip-address-regulation-adoption | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Scientists are pretty good at recognizing marine heat waves: A global network of thousands of oceanic buoys and orbiting satellites allow them to see, in real time, ocean surface temperatures, changing currents and storm systems as they develop, move or stall from the Antarctic to the North Pole.
What’s harder to see is what’s happening to the marine ecosystems below — to the fish, invertebrates, plants and mammals.
“There’s sort of a disconnect between temperature and how something like temperature impacts species distribution patterns or how fisheries are operating or how protected species might be responding,” said Jarrod Santora, a fisheries biologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “There’s a big jump between what we identify as a temperature anomaly and process in the ocean.”
Some animals may move down the water column to darker, colder waters. Others may move north — or south — depending upon where the cooler waters are. Many may flourish; others will perish.
And some may not be affected at all, said Santora.
“We’re just looking at temperature anomalies that focus on the skin of the ocean; we don’t know what’s happening inside,” he said.
That’s why Heather Welch, a marine spatial ecologist at UC Santa Cruz, and other researchers have created statistical models designed to predict where animals will go when things heat up.
“So one of the tricky things with heat wave impacts is you have to be lucky and actually have direct observations during the events,” she said. Such direct observations are often made via GPS tags on animals, or observations made from a research vessel that happens to be in the right place at the right time.
But with a model, you can use data collected not just during a heat wave, but at other times, too, and “extrapolate to see what would have happened during heat waves, or what did happen,” she said.
Earlier this month, she and a team of researchers published the results of a model that they used to predict the movements of 14 marine predators — a selection of mammals, birds and fish — in the North Pacific during the heatwaves of 2014, 2015, 2019 and 2020.
What they found was a “wide diversity of responses across heat waves,” she said. For instance, during the heat waves of 2014 and 2015, bluefin and albacore tuna moved northwest. In 2019 and 2020 they moved southeast.
The researchers also found that different species responded … well, differently.
“So if you look at a blue whale versus an albatross, they’re going to do different things,” she said, noting that such an observation hadn’t really been seen before — because most studies of marine heat waves focused on one animal in one heat wave.
It’s a point that Alexa Fredstone, an assistant professor of ocean sciences at UC Santa Cruz, echoed.
“We have a number of stories that individually make sense about how particular communities were affected,” she said. “But every story is unique and the most common thing that we see actually is when there has been a marine heat wave, we don’t really see any coherent response in the ecosystem.”
She said heat waves have had clearly detrimental impacts on shallow water ecosystems, such as kelp forests and coral reefs. But once you get farther down the water column, things get a little murkier.
She and a team of ocean and data scientists from across North America and Europe looked at the effects of marine heat waves on fish between 1993 and 2019. They found no clear effect — nothing beyond what you’d expect with natural variability.
“What’s surprising about this is that studies have shown that, over decades, fish are shifting towards the poles on average” as ocean temperatures climb from global warming, she said. “So we know that there’s a long-term climate signal. Maybe that’s just easier to detect statistically than the short term effect of a heat wave?”
For fish like salmon, which require both marine and freshwater environments, the situation is slightly different — and the combination of heat waves in the North Pacific on top of a warming planet, is a boon to some species, and a disaster to others, said Nate Mantua, a fish biologist with NOAA.
He said warmer temperatures in places like the Gulf of Alaska or along the Pacific Coast, cut “off the food supply right at the base … leading into a longer food chain and just kind of less nutritious food,” for salmon.
But if “you get far enough north,” warming may actually be benefiting salmon like the Bering Sea and Bristol Bay sockeye salmon, he said. In the last 10 years, these fish had “the biggest run … the biggest harvest ever. Fifty-million fish harvested.”
He said that Russia’s Pacific salmon fishery this year also “has never been higher. It’s off the charts, but it’s almost entirely due to pink salmon from Russia and the stock populations in Bristol Bay. Everywhere else things are not good.”
Farther north than that? “That’s an interesting wrinkle,” Mantua said. “The salmon there have been doing extremely poorly the last 20 years.”
He said that was probably because of a combination of problems in the marine food web in the northern Bering Sea, as well as in their freshwater habitat.
“They have a really long migration through the interior of Alaska and it can get very warm there in the summer,” he said. “Twenty-four hours a day of light and a really big, broad, muddy river that soaks up a lot of sunshine.”
It’s for species such as this — the ones that need protecting — that Welch, who is also a researcher with NOAA, hopes her and others’ ecological forecasting models will help.
Fortunately, there are areas that appear more resilient to heat waves than others.
Ryan Walters, an oceanographer at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, said areas with strong upwelling — like the cool strip along California’s coastline — appear to be less affected by heat waves than other areas in the ocean, potentially providing a cool haven for animals looking to avoid heat.
“It may be that these little pockets along the coastline, where we have this upwelling … may be a spot where marine animals can seek refuge from warmer waters elsewhere,” he said. | Wanasayansi wana uwezo wa kutambua mawimbi ya joto ya baharini: Mtandao wa maelfu ya buo za baharini na satelaiti zinazozunguka huwaruhusu kuona, kwa wakati halisi, joto la uso wa bahari, mabadiliko ya mkondo na mifumo ya dhoruba wakati zinaendelea, kusonga au kusimamishwa kutoka Antaktika hadi Ncha ya Kaskazini. Kile kinachokuwa vigumu kuona ni kile kinachotokea kwa mifumo ya ikolojia ya baharini chini - kwa samaki, wanyama wasio na uti wa mgongo, mimea na mamalia. "Kuna aina ya kutokuunganishwa kati ya joto na jinsi kitu kama joto huathiri mifumo ya usambazaji wa spishi au jinsi uvuvi unavyofanya kazi au jinsi spishi zilizohifadhiwa zinaweza kujibu, "alisema Jarrod Santora, mwanabiolojia wa uvuvi na Utawala wa Kitaifa wa Bahari na Anga." <unk>Kuna kuruka kubwa kati ya kile tunachokitambua kama anomaly ya joto na mchakato katika bahari.<unk> Baadhi ya wanyama wanaweza kuhamia chini ya safu ya maji kwa maji nyeusi, baridi. Nyingine zaweza kusonga kaskazini <unk> au kusini <unk> ikitegemea mahali ambapo maji baridi zaidi yapo. Wengi huenda wakafanikiwa; wengine watapotea. Na huenda wengine wasiathiriwa hata kidogo, akasema Santora. "Tunaangalia tu anomalies joto kwamba kuzingatia ngozi ya bahari; hatujui nini kinachotokea ndani, "alisema. Heather Welch, mtaalamu wa mazingira ya baharini katika Chuo Kikuu cha Santa Cruz, na watafiti wengine wameunda mifano ya takwimu iliyoundwa kutabiri wanyama wataenda wapi wakati joto litakapopanda. "Kwa hiyo moja ya mambo magumu na athari za wimbi la joto ni kwamba lazima uwe na bahati na kwa kweli uwe na uchunguzi wa moja kwa moja wakati wa matukio", alisema. Mara nyingi uchunguzi huo unafanywa kupitia vifaa vya GPS kwenye wanyama, au kutoka kwa chombo cha utafiti ambacho kinapatikana mahali panapofaa wakati unaofaa. Lakini kwa mfano, unaweza kutumia data zilizokusanywa sio tu wakati wa wimbi la joto, lakini wakati mwingine pia, na "kuongeza ili kuona nini kingeweza kutokea wakati wa mawimbi ya joto, au nini kilitokea", alisema. Mwanzoni mwa mwezi huu, yeye na timu ya watafiti walichapisha matokeo ya mfano ambao walitumia kutabiri harakati za wanyama 14 wa baharini - aina ya mamalia, ndege na samaki - katika Pasifiki ya Kaskazini wakati wa mawimbi ya joto ya 2014, 2015, 2019 na 2020. Kile walichogundua ni "tofauti kubwa ya majibu katika mawimbi ya joto", alisema. Kwa mfano, wakati wa joto la mwaka wa 2014 na 2015, samaki aina ya bluefin na albacore walihamia kaskazini-magharibi. Mwaka 2019 na 2020 walihamia kusini mashariki. Watafiti pia waligundua kwamba spishi tofauti-tofauti ziliitikia... vizuri, kwa njia tofauti. "Kwa hivyo ikiwa utaangalia nyangumi wa bluu dhidi ya albatros, watafanya mambo tofauti, "alisema, akibainisha kwamba uchunguzi kama huo haukuonekana kabla kwa sababu masomo mengi ya mawimbi ya joto ya baharini yalilenga mnyama mmoja katika wimbi moja la joto. """ Alexa Fredstone, profesa msaidizi wa sayansi ya bahari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Santa Cruz, alisema: "Tuna hadithi kadhaa ambazo kwa mtu mmoja zina maana kuhusu jinsi jamii fulani zilivyoathiriwa", alisema. "Lakini kila hadithi ni ya kipekee na jambo la kawaida ambalo tunaona ni wakati kuna wimbi la joto la baharini, hatuoni majibu yoyote ya usawa katika mfumo wa ikolojia. ""Alisema mawimbi ya joto yamekuwa na athari mbaya wazi kwa mifumo ya ikolojia ya maji ya chini, kama misitu ya kelp na matumbawe." Lakini unapofika chini zaidi katika safu ya maji, mambo huwa meusi zaidi. Alishirikiana na timu ya wanasayansi wa bahari na data kutoka Amerika Kaskazini na Ulaya kuangalia athari za mawimbi ya joto baharini kwenye samaki kati ya 1993 na 2019. Hawakupata athari dhahiri - chochote zaidi ya kile unachotarajia na kutofautiana kwa asili. "Kilichoshangaza kuhusu hili ni kwamba masomo yameonyesha kwamba, kwa miongo kadhaa, samaki wanabadilika kuelekea ncha za juu kwa wastani" wakati joto la bahari linapopanda kutokana na ongezeko la joto duniani, alisema. <unk>Kwa hiyo tunajua kwamba kuna <unk> ishara ya hali ya hewa ya muda mrefu. "Kwa samaki kama samaki, ambao wanahitaji mazingira ya baharini na maji baridi, hali ni tofauti kidogo, na mchanganyiko wa mawimbi ya joto katika Pasifiki ya Kaskazini juu ya sayari ya joto, ni neema kwa spishi zingine, na msiba kwa wengine, ""alisema Nate Mantua, mwanabiolojia wa samaki na NOAA." "Mwaka huu, joto la joto katika maeneo kama vile Ghuba ya Alaska au pwani ya Pasifiki, ""kuvunja"" usambazaji wa chakula haki katika msingi, na kusababisha mnyororo wa chakula mrefu na aina ya chakula kidogo lishe, ""kwa salmon." Lakini "ukienda kaskazini vya kutosha", joto linaweza kuwa linafaidi samaki kama vile Bering Sea na Bristol Bay sockeye salmon, alisema. Katika miaka kumi iliyopita, samaki hawa walikuwa na <unk>kimbele kubwa... mavuno makubwa milele. Samaki milioni hamsini waliokolewa. <unk> Alisema kwamba uvuvi wa samaki wa Pasifiki wa Urusi mwaka huu pia <unk> haujawahi kuwa juu. Ni nje ya chati, lakini ni karibu kabisa kutokana na salmoni waridi kutoka Urusi na idadi ya hisa katika Bristol Bay. Mahali pengine popote mambo si mazuri. <unk> Mbali zaidi kaskazini kuliko hiyo? "Hiyo ni wrinkle ya kuvutia", Mantua alisema. "Kama vile samaki hao wamekuwa wakifanya vibaya sana kwa miaka 20 iliyopita, ""alisema, ""inawezekana ni kwa sababu ya mchanganyiko wa matatizo katika mtandao wa chakula cha baharini kaskazini mwa Bahari ya Bering, pamoja na katika mazingira yao ya maji baridi.""" "Wana uhamiaji mrefu sana kupitia ndani ya Alaska na inaweza kuwa moto sana huko wakati wa majira ya joto", alisema. "Wachunguzi wa NOAA, Welch, na wengine, wanatarajia kwamba ""mfano wa utabiri wa ikolojia"" utasaidia." Kwa bahati nzuri, kuna maeneo yanayoonekana kuwa yenye nguvu zaidi dhidi ya mawimbi ya joto kuliko mengine. Ryan Walters, mtaalamu wa bahari katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, alisema maeneo yenye mvuke mkali, kama vile eneo la baridi kwenye pwani ya California, yanaonekana kuwa hayaathiriwi sana na mawimbi ya joto kuliko maeneo mengine ya bahari, na kuweza kutoa kimbilio la baridi kwa wanyama wanaotafuta kuepuka joto. "Inaweza kuwa kwamba mifuko hii ndogo kando ya pwani, ambapo tuna upwelling hii... inaweza kuwa mahali ambapo wanyama wa baharini wanaweza kutafuta kimbilio kutoka maji ya joto mahali pengine, "alisema. | <urn:uuid:56ff94cc-1172-47f6-b491-76044a3f1698> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.columbian.com/news/2023/oct/04/effects-of-warming-pacific-on-marine-life-murky/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Password Complexity is Essential For Your Organization’s Application Security
Passwords are the most common method (along with user accounts) for authenticating a person in order to identify them as someone allowed access to the system and company network. This is especially true within networks where multiple platforms exist (such as Windows, Linux and Apple iOS) because not all systems support more advanced authentication devices.
Password complexity offers a very simple method of identification by requiring the user to provide only something that they know, in this case a “secret” known only to the user and the system to which they are authenticating. However, several factors now make passwords a very weak method of protecting systems from unauthorized access.
First, attackers can break passwords with enough time and the right tools. Today’s faster processors enable malicious attackers to crack passwords (even those with strong encryption) in hours or even minutes, depending upon the nature of the password. While this is more of a technology vulnerability, it is important to mention because of the next point. In order to prevent successful password cracking, administrators can enforce password complexity rules. These rules, when configured on systems, force users to create passwords that meet specific constraints designed to ensure that passwords cannot be cracked within a short period of time.
Rules typically include length of password (over 12 characters), and require passwords to include one or more numbers, special characters, lowercase letters and upper case letters. The problem with passwords and personnel is that complex passwords are difficult to remember. For this reason employees will write down the passwords (which may eventually be found by others) or create passwords that, in spite of the complexity rules, certain password cracking software such as “John the Ripper” can break by using familiar names, repeat characters, phone numbers, the address of the company, or other human predictable password choices.
John the Ripper and other similar password cracking software packages able to break passwords faster because they support the use of (human predictable) password lists that the software can try first before proceeding into brute force cracking mode (essentially guessing at high-speed). Through the use of such lists, password cracking time is greatly reduced unless additional password complexity rules (such as disallowing use of dictionary words) are strictly enforced.
Of course password complexity rules do not prevent users from writing down their passwords, eventually retrievable through “dumpster diving” if and when the paper containing their passwords ends up in the trash bin. | Password Complexity ni muhimu kwa usalama wa maombi ya shirika lako: Nenosiri ni njia ya kawaida (pamoja na akaunti za mtumiaji) kwa uthibitisho wa mtu ili kumtambua kama mtu aliyeruhusiwa kuingia kwenye mfumo na mtandao wa kampuni. Hii ni kweli hasa ndani ya mitandao ambapo majukwaa mbalimbali zipo (kama vile Windows, Linux na Apple iOS) kwa sababu si mifumo yote kusaidia vifaa vya uthibitisho zaidi ya juu. Uwezo wa password hutoa njia rahisi sana ya utambulisho kwa kuhitaji mtumiaji kutoa kitu tu wanachojua, katika kesi hii "siri" inayojulikana tu kwa mtumiaji na mfumo ambao wanathibitisha. Hata hivyo, mambo kadhaa sasa hufanya nywila kuwa njia dhaifu sana ya kulinda mifumo dhidi ya upatikanaji usioidhinishwa. Kwanza, washambuliaji wanaweza kuvunja nywila kwa wakati wa kutosha na zana sahihi. Wasindikaji wa leo wa haraka huwezesha washambuliaji wenye madhara kuvunja nywila (hata zile zilizo na encryption kali) kwa masaa au hata dakika, kulingana na asili ya nywila. Wakati hii ni zaidi ya teknolojia ya udhaifu, ni muhimu kutaja kwa sababu ya uhakika ujao. Ili kuzuia mafanikio password cracking, wasimamizi wanaweza kutekeleza password utata sheria. Kanuni hizi, zinapowekwa kwenye mifumo, huwafanya watumiaji wafanye nywila ambazo zinakidhi vizuizi maalum vilivyopangwa kuhakikisha kwamba nywila haziwezi kuvunjwa ndani ya kipindi kifupi cha wakati. Kwa kawaida, sheria zinajumuisha urefu wa nywila (zaidi ya herufi 12), na zinahitaji nywila kujumuisha nambari moja au zaidi, herufi maalum, herufi ndogo na herufi kubwa. Tatizo la kutumia nywila na watu ni kwamba nywila ngumu ni vigumu kukumbuka. Kwa sababu hii, wafanyakazi wataandika pasi (ambayo inaweza hatimaye kupatikana na wengine) au kuunda pasi ambazo, licha ya sheria za utata, programu fulani ya kuvunja password kama vile John the Ripper inaweza kuvunja kwa kutumia majina ya kawaida, herufi za kurudia, nambari za simu, anwani ya kampuni, au chaguzi nyingine za siri za binadamu. John the Ripper na programu nyingine zinazofanana za kuvunja nywila zinaweza kuvunja nywila haraka kwa sababu zinaunga mkono matumizi ya orodha za nywila ambazo programu inaweza kujaribu kwanza kabla ya kuendelea katika hali ya kuvunja kwa nguvu (kimsingi kukadiria kwa kasi kubwa). Kwa kutumia orodha kama hizo, muda wa kuvunja nywila hupunguzwa sana isipokuwa sheria za ziada za utata wa nywila (kama vile kutoruhusu matumizi ya maneno ya kamusi) zinatekelezwa kwa ukali. Bila shaka sheria za utata wa nenosiri hazizuii watumiaji kuandika nenosiri zao, ambazo hatimaye zinaweza kupatikana kupitia "kuogelea kwenye takasusi" ikiwa na wakati karatasi iliyo na nenosiri zao inakwenda kwenye chombo cha taka. | <urn:uuid:db20b994-aed9-40ca-90f1-59b53568a06f> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.computersupportspecialist.org/password-complexity-is-essential-for-your-organizations-application-security/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
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Video commentary excerpt
The craniofacial and muscular anatomy is the basis of all medical and / or dental knowledge. Here we show the insertions of each of the tongue muscles.
15 Extrinsic muscles. 2 Intrinsic muscles. The superior longitudinal muscle or superior lingual, the only odd muscle and finally the lingual septum and fibrous membrane, also participate in the anatomy of the tongue. | Kwa mujibu wa taarifa ya gazeti la habari la The Guardian, video hiyo ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video ya video. Hapa tunaonyesha sehemu za kila moja ya misuli ya ulimi. 15 Misuli ya nje 2 Misuli ya ndani Misuli ya juu ya longitudinal au misuli ya juu ya lugha, misuli ya pekee ya ajabu na hatimaye septum ya lugha na utando wa nyuzi, pia hushiriki katika anatomia ya ulimi. | <urn:uuid:91cf851f-7052-477a-a839-92ad3f8c2977> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.cranio-facial-universe.com/video/en/anatomy-of-the-tongue-muscles-27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Blurt It Out! The "Say What You Think" Sentence Completion Game
By Thor Johansen, Psy.D.
- A sentence completion game like no other
- Useful for assessment & intervention
- Four feelings decks: Happiness, Anger, Anxiety, & Sadness
- Two bonus decks: Exploring Bullying & Exploring Divorce
- Developed by a child psychologist
- Ages 6 to 14
Children will find this game to be a fun and pleasurable way to learn about themselves, as they learn how to express themselves. This engaging game allows therapists and counselors to assess psychological processes quickly and effectively in a playful and non-threatening way, while helping the child to increase self-awareness and self-understanding. Together, game participants will find new ways to solve problems, identify their emotions, and communicate effectively.
The game includes four feelings decks, and two bonus decks. Therapists and counselors have considerable flexibility in how they use these decks. Blank cards, directions, suggestions for use, die, a bag of chips, and a sturdy storage box are included. | Sema waziwazi! "Sema Nini Wewe kufikiri" Sentence Completion Game na Thor Johansen, Psy.D. Mchezo wa kukamilisha sentensi kama hakuna mwingine - Ni muhimu kwa tathmini na uingiliaji - Vipande vinne vya hisia: Furaha, Hasira, wasiwasi, na huzuni - Vipande viwili vya ziada: Kuchunguza Bullying na Kuchunguza Talaka - Imeundwa na mwanasaikolojia wa watoto - Umri wa miaka 6 hadi 14 Watoto watapata mchezo huu kuwa njia ya kufurahisha na ya kufurahisha ya kujifunza juu yao wenyewe. Mchezo huu wa kuvutia unaruhusu wataalamu wa matibabu na washauri kutathmini taratibu za kisaikolojia haraka na kwa ufanisi kwa njia ya kucheza na isiyo ya kutisha, wakati unasaidia mtoto kuongeza ufahamu wa kibinafsi na uelewa wa kibinafsi. Pamoja, washiriki wa mchezo watapata njia mpya za kutatua matatizo, kutambua hisia zao, na kuwasiliana kwa ufanisi. Mchezo ni pamoja na nne hisia decks, na mbili bonus decks. Wataalamu wa tiba na washauri wana uwezo mkubwa wa kutumia vifaa hivyo. Kadi tupu, maagizo, mapendekezo ya matumizi, die, mfuko wa chips, na sanduku la kuhifadhi lenye nguvu zimeingizwa. | <urn:uuid:81136f13-85d3-4c26-9eb5-c27b368a0353> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.creativetherapystore.com/products/blurt-it-out-the-say-what-you-think-sentence-completion-game | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Wilmington, North Carolina has a rich history that dates back to 1739. The city was named after Spencer Compton, the Earl of Wilmington, who was the prime minister of England at the time. Wilmington quickly became an important colonial port, with ships from all over the world coming to trade goods such as tobacco, rice, and indigo. The city's economy also relied heavily on slavery, with many enslaved people brought to Wilmington to work on the cotton and rice plantations.
Despite its difficult past, Wilmington has emerged as a vibrant and diverse city that celebrates its history while also embracing progress. Visitors to Wilmington can explore the city's rich past at the Cape Fear Museum, which features exhibits on Wilmington's maritime history, as well as its role in the Civil War and the Civil Rights movement.
Wilmington is also home to a thriving arts and culture scene, with numerous galleries, theaters, and music venues. The city hosts a number of festivals throughout the year, including the North Carolina Azalea Festival, which celebrates the city's beautiful azaleas with a parade, garden tours, and other events.
For outdoor enthusiasts, Wilmington offers a wealth of opportunities for hiking, biking, kayaking, and more. The city is surrounded by beautiful beaches, including Wrightsville Beach, Carolina Beach, and Kure Beach, which offer miles of pristine sand and crystal-clear water.
In short, Wilmington is a city that offers something for everyone, whether you're interested in history, culture, the arts, or outdoor recreation.
Wilmington, North Carolina played a significant role in the Civil War. In 1861, the city was the site of the first Confederate victory of the war when Confederate forces seized Fort Johnston. The city's strategic location made it a valuable prize for both the Union and Confederacy, as it provided easy access to the Atlantic Ocean and was an important port for shipping goods and supplies.
Throughout the war, Wilmington was a key supply route for the Confederacy, with many goods and supplies being brought in through the city's port. The city's bustling port was a vital lifeline for the Confederate troops and played a critical role in the war effort. The Union forces recognized the importance of Wilmington and made several attempts to capture the city, but it wasn't until 1865 that they were finally successful.
In February of that year, Union forces under the command of General Terry launched an attack on the city, and after several days of fierce fighting, they were able to capture Wilmington. The fall of Wilmington effectively cut off the Confederacy's supply line and hastened the end of the war.
Today, Wilmington is a vibrant city with a rich history. Visitors can explore historical sites such as the Fort Fisher State Historic Site and the Bellamy Mansion Museum, which offer a glimpse into the city's past. Wilmington's beautiful beaches and charming downtown area make it a popular destination for tourists from around the world.
After the Civil War, Wilmington went through a period of Reconstruction. However, this period was short-lived, and by the 1890s, Wilmington had become a hotbed of racial tension. The city was home to a large African American population, many of whom had made significant strides in politics, business, and education.
Unfortunately, this progress was short-lived. In 1898, a group of white supremacists staged a coup and overthrew the city's elected government, which was predominantly African American. The coup resulted in the deaths of many Black residents and the destruction of Black-owned businesses and homes. The city's government was replaced with white supremacists who enforced Jim Crow laws, which legalized segregation and discrimination against African Americans.
This dark period in Wilmington's history is known as the Wilmington Insurrection of 1898, and it remains one of the most violent and devastating examples of white supremacist terrorism in American history. Today, we must remember the victims of this tragedy and work together to build a more just and equitable society for all. For more information on the Wilmington Insurrection of 1898, please visit https://www.ncpedia.org/wilmington-insurrection.
In the years following Jim Crow, Wilmington slowly began to heal and move forward. Today, the city is a vibrant hub of activity, known for its beautiful beaches, historic downtown, and vibrant arts scene. The city's rich history can be explored at sites such as the Wilmington National Cemetery, where visitors can pay their respects to fallen soldiers, and the Bellamy Mansion Museum, a beautifully preserved antebellum home that gives a glimpse into life in the South before the Civil War.
The Cape Fear Museum is another must-visit attraction for history buffs. Here, visitors can learn about the history of the region, from the earliest inhabitants to the present day. The museum boasts an impressive collection of artifacts and exhibits, including a replica of a Civil War gunboat and an exhibit on the area's rich maritime history.
But Wilmington isn't just about history. The city is also home to many events and festivals throughout the year, including the North Carolina Azalea Festival, a celebration of the state flower that draws visitors from all over the world. The Wilmington Riverfest is another popular event, featuring live music, food vendors, and a spectacular fireworks display over the Cape Fear River.
Film buffs won't want to miss the Cucalorus Film Festival, which showcases the best in independent cinema from around the world. The festival has been a Wilmington institution since 1994 and has helped put the city on the map as a cultural destination.
Of course, no visit to Wilmington would be complete without sampling some of the city's amazing restaurants and shops. From fresh seafood to farm-to-table cuisine, Wilmington's culinary scene is sure to impress even the most discerning foodie. And with a wide range of boutiques, galleries, and specialty stores, shoppers are sure to find something to suit their tastes.
All in all, Wilmington is a city with something for everyone. Whether you're a history buff, a culture vulture, or just looking for a fun vacation spot, Wilmington should definitely be on your list of must-visit destinations.
Wilmington's port has been a crucial factor in the city's growth and development. Since its early days as a colonial port, Wilmington has relied on its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean to fuel its economy. Ships from all over the world have come to Wilmington to trade goods such as tobacco, rice, and indigo.
Over time, the port of Wilmington has grown and expanded, becoming one of the busiest ports on the East Coast. Today, it is a major hub for shipping and commerce, with container ships arriving from around the world to unload their cargo at the port.
The impact of the port on Wilmington's economy cannot be overstated. It provides jobs for thousands of people and generates billions of dollars in revenue each year. In addition to being an economic engine for the city, the port also plays a vital role in global trade, helping to transport goods between countries and connect businesses around the world.
Despite its importance, however, the port also presents challenges for Wilmington. The constant flow of traffic can cause congestion on nearby roads, and there are concerns about pollution from ships and other sources. Nevertheless, Wilmington remains committed to maintaining and improving its port infrastructure in order to continue driving economic growth for years to come.
Wilmington, North Carolina played a significant role in the American Revolution. In 1775, a group of patriots known as the Sons of Liberty seized control of Fort Johnson, which was located near the mouth of the Cape Fear River. This was one of the first acts of rebellion against British rule in the American colonies.
Over the course of the war, Wilmington became an important center for military activity and supply. The city's location on the Cape Fear River made it a strategic point for moving troops and supplies to other parts of the colonies. The city also served as a base for privateers who harassed British ships along the coast.
One famous battle that took place near Wilmington was the Battle of Moores Creek Bridge. In February 1776, a force of patriots led by Richard Caswell defeated a group of Loyalists who were attempting to march to Wilmington to join forces with British troops there. The battle was a significant victory for the patriots and helped to secure North Carolina's support for independence.
Today, visitors to Wilmington can learn about its role in the American Revolution at sites such as Brunswick Town/Fort Anderson State Historic Site and Moores Creek National Battlefield. These sites offer a glimpse into this important period in American history and help visitors understand how Wilmington played a part in shaping our nation.
Wilmington has a rich music scene, with a long history of producing and attracting talented musicians. The city has been home to many notable musicians over the years, including jazz legend Dizzy Gillespie, who was born in Cheraw, South Carolina but spent much of his childhood in Wilmington.
Other notable musicians who have called Wilmington home include Charlie Daniels, who lived in the city during the 1970s and recorded his hit song "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" at a local studio. Singer-songwriter Benji Hughes is another Wilmington native who has achieved success in the music industry, with songs featured on TV shows such as "Grey's Anatomy" and "The L Word."
In addition to producing talented musicians, Wilmington has also been a popular destination for touring acts. The city has hosted many famous performers over the years, including Elvis Presley, who played at the New Hanover County War Memorial Auditorium in 1956.
Today, Wilmington continues to be a hub of musical activity. The city is home to several live music venues where visitors can catch performances by local and touring acts. Some popular spots include Bourgie Nights, Reggie's 42nd Street Tavern, and Greenfield Lake Amphitheater.
Throughout the year, Wilmington also hosts several music festivals that draw visitors from all over the region. The Cape Fear Blues Festival is one popular event that showcases some of the best blues musicians from around the country. Other festivals include the Port City Reggae Music & Art Festival and the North Carolina Jazz Festival.
All in all, Wilmington's music scene is an important part of its cultural heritage and continues to thrive today thanks to its talented musicians and enthusiastic audiences.
In recent years, Wilmington has become a popular filming location for movies and TV shows. The city's picturesque downtown area, beautiful beaches, and historic architecture make it an ideal backdrop for a variety of productions.
One of the most famous shows to be filmed in Wilmington was "Dawson's Creek," which aired from 1998 to 2003. The show followed a group of teenagers as they navigated life in the fictional town of Capeside, Massachusetts. Although the show was set in Massachusetts, it was actually filmed in Wilmington and other parts of North Carolina.
Another popular show that was filmed in Wilmington is "One Tree Hill." The show followed a group of high school students as they grew up and faced various challenges. Like "Dawson's Creek," the show was actually filmed in Wilmington, which served as the fictional town of Tree Hill.
Over the years, many other movies and TV shows have been filmed in Wilmington as well. Some notable examples include "Iron Man 3," "The Conjuring," and "Sleepy Hollow." These productions have brought jobs and revenue to the city, while also showcasing its beauty on screens around the world.
Today, visitors can take tours of some of the locations used in these productions. Fans of "One Tree Hill," for example, can visit sites such as Riverfront Park and Airlie Gardens, which were often used as backdrops on the show. These tours offer a fun way to explore Wilmington's film industry while also enjoying some of its most beautiful sights.
Wilmington has a rich history of education, dating back to the colonial era. In the early years, education was provided by private tutors and schools, with many families hiring teachers to educate their children at home.
As the city grew and developed, so did its educational institutions. In 1789, Wilmington Academy was founded as the first public school in the city. Over time, other public schools were established, including Williston School, which opened in 1866 as a school for African American students.
In addition to public schools, Wilmington has also been home to several notable universities over the years. One of the most famous is the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW), which was founded in 1947 as Wilmington College. Today, UNCW is a thriving institution with over 16,000 students and a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs.
Other universities that have been established in Wilmington include Cape Fear Community College and Miller-Motte College. These institutions offer vocational training and associate's degree programs in fields such as healthcare, business, and criminal justice.
Overall, education has played a crucial role in shaping Wilmington's history and culture. From its earliest days as a colonial port to its modern status as a thriving metropolitan area, education has been an important part of this city's identity.
Healthcare Evolution including Autism Services
In recent years, Wilmington has seen a significant evolution in its healthcare industry. The city is home to several world-class medical facilities, including New Hanover Regional Medical Center, which is the largest healthcare provider in the region.
One area where Wilmington has made great strides is in the field of autism services. The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been on the rise in recent years, and Wilmington has responded by providing a wide range of services and resources for individuals with ASD and their families.
One notable organization that provides autism services in Wilmington is the Autism Society of North Carolina. This organization offers support groups, educational programs, and advocacy services for individuals with ASD and their families. They also operate an autism clinic that provides diagnostic evaluations and treatment services.
Another organization that provides autism services in Wilmington is Access Family Services. This organization offers a variety of programs for children with ASD, including applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and social skills groups.
Overall, Wilmington's healthcare industry continues to evolve and expand to meet the changing needs of its residents. With a focus on autism services and other specialized care areas, Wilmington is poised to be at the forefront of healthcare innovation for years to come.
Wilmington has a long and rich history that dates back to colonial times. The city was founded in 1739 and quickly became an important center for trade and commerce. Over the years, Wilmington played a significant role in events such as the American Revolution and the Civil War. Today, it is a thriving metropolitan area with a vibrant cultural scene.
There are many sites in Wilmington that offer insight into the city's fascinating history. Some popular options include the Bellamy Mansion Museum of History and Design Arts, which offers tours of an antebellum mansion and gardens; the Cape Fear Museum of History and Science, which features exhibits on local history; and the Battleship North Carolina, which served in World War II and is now a museum.
Wilmington has always been a city with strong ties to trade and commerce. In its early days, it relied heavily on shipping goods such as tobacco, rice, and indigo. Over time, its economy diversified to include industries such as textiles, furniture manufacturing, and tourism. Today, it is home to several major employers in fields such as healthcare, education, and technology.
Wilmington has been home to many notable figures over the years. Some famous residents include jazz legend Dizzy Gillespie; singer-songwriter Benji Hughes; and actors like Dawson's Creek stars James Van Der Beek and Katie Holmes. The city has also hosted many famous visitors over the years, including Elvis Presley.
There are many reasons why visitors flock to Wilmington each year. Its rich history, beautiful beaches, and vibrant cultural scene are just a few of the draws. The city also offers a range of outdoor activities, such as hiking, fishing, and boating. And with its excellent restaurants and shops, there's plenty to keep visitors entertained no matter what their interests may be.
In conclusion, Wilmington, North Carolina has a complex and fascinating history that has shaped the city we know today. From its early days as a colonial port to its role in the Civil War and the struggles of Reconstruction and Jim Crow, Wilmington has overcome many challenges to become the vibrant and diverse city it is today. Whether you're a history buff or just looking for a beautiful place to visit, Wilmington has something to offer everyone. | Wilmington, North Carolina, ni mji wa kihistoria wa Marekani. Jiji hilo lilipewa jina la Spencer Compton, Earl wa Wilmington, aliyekuwa waziri mkuu wa Uingereza wakati huo. Wilmington ikawa bandari muhimu ya kikoloni, na meli kutoka sehemu zote za ulimwengu zilikuja kuuzia bidhaa kama vile tumbaku, mchele, na indigo. Uchumi wa jiji hilo pia ulitegemea sana utumwa, na watumwa wengi waliletwa Wilmington kufanya kazi katika mashamba ya pamba na mchele. Licha ya maisha yake magumu, Wilmington imekuwa mji wenye nguvu na tofauti ambao unaadhimisha historia yake wakati pia unachukua maendeleo. Kwa wale wanaotaka kuona mji wa Wilmington, unaweza kutembelea Jumba la Makumbusho la Cape Fear, ambalo lina maonyesho ya historia ya bahari ya Wilmington, pamoja na jukumu lake katika Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe na harakati za Haki za Kiraia. Wilmington pia ni makao ya sanaa na utamaduni unaositawi, na maonyesho mengi ya sanaa, maonyesho ya sinema, na maonyesho ya muziki. Mji wa New York ni mwenyeji wa tamasha la North Carolina Azalea, ambalo huadhimisha azaleas nzuri za jiji na maandamano, ziara za bustani, na matukio mengine. Kwa wapenzi wa mambo ya nje, Wilmington hutoa fursa nyingi za kutembea kwa miguu, kuendesha baiskeli, kuendesha kayak, na mengineyo. Mji huo umezungukwa na fuo maridadi, kutia ndani fuo za Wrightsville, Carolina, na Kure, ambazo zina mchanga safi na maji safi kama kioo. Wilmington ni mji ambao hutoa kitu kwa kila mtu, iwe una nia ya historia, utamaduni, sanaa, au burudani ya nje. Jiji la Wilmington, North Carolina lilitimiza fungu muhimu katika Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe. 1861 - Vita vya Kwanza vya Ulimwengu vya Kwanza vya Muungano vilianza wakati majeshi ya Muungano yalipochukua Fort Johnston. Mji huo ulikuwa na nafasi nzuri sana kwa ajili ya Umoja na Muungano, kwa kuwa ulikuwa na njia rahisi ya kuingia Bahari ya Atlantiki na ulikuwa bandari muhimu kwa usafirishaji wa bidhaa na vifaa. Wakati wa vita, Wilmington ilikuwa njia muhimu ya usambazaji kwa Confederation, na bidhaa nyingi na vifaa vilikuwa vikiletwa kupitia bandari ya jiji. Bandari ya jiji hilo yenye shughuli nyingi ilikuwa muhimu sana kwa majeshi ya Muungano na ilichangia sana jitihada za vita. Jeshi la Muungano lilitambua umuhimu wa Wilmington na kufanya majaribio kadhaa ya kuuteka mji huo, lakini haikuwa hadi 1865 kwamba hatimaye walifanikiwa. Mnamo Februari mwaka huo, majeshi ya Muungano chini ya uongozi wa Jenerali Terry yalianzisha shambulio dhidi ya mji huo, na baada ya siku kadhaa za mapigano makali, waliweza kuteka Wilmington. Kuanguka kwa Wilmington kulikatiza kwa ufanisi mstari wa ugavi wa Muungano na kuharakisha mwisho wa vita. Leo, Wilmington ni jiji lenye msisimko lenye historia yenye kuvutia. Utafiti wa historia wa mji huo unajumuisha maeneo ya kihistoria kama vile Fort Fisher State Historic Site na Bellamy Mansion Museum, ambayo ni sehemu ya historia ya mji huo. Pwani nzuri za Wilmington na eneo lenye kuvutia la katikati ya jiji hufanya liwe mahali panapopendwa na watalii kutoka ulimwenguni pote. Baada ya Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe, Wilmington ilipitia kipindi cha Ujenzi. Hata hivyo, kipindi hicho hakikuendelea kwa muda mrefu, na kufikia miaka ya 1890, Wilmington ilikuwa imekuwa kitovu cha mvutano wa rangi. Jiji hilo lilikuwa na idadi kubwa ya Wamarekani wenye asili ya Kiafrika, wengi wao waliokuwa wamefanya maendeleo makubwa katika siasa, biashara, na elimu. Kwa kusikitisha, maendeleo hayo hayakudumu kwa muda mrefu. Mwaka 1898 kikundi cha wazungu waliopinga utawala wa kifalme walifanya mapinduzi na kuangusha serikali ya mji huo iliyokuwa na watu wengi wa asili ya Kiafrika. Mapinduzi hayo yalisababisha vifo vya wakazi wengi weusi na uharibifu wa biashara na nyumba za weusi. Serikali ya mji huo ilibadilishwa na watu weupe wenye msimamo mkali ambao waliweka sheria za Jim Crow, ambazo zilifanya kuwa halali kutenganishwa na ubaguzi dhidi ya Waafrika Wamarekani. "Wilmington Insurrection ya 1898 ilikuwa ""mashambulizi ya Wilmington ya 1898,"" na ilikuwa moja ya matukio ya kigaidi ya kifalme ya Marekani." Leo, ni lazima tuwakumbuke wahasiriwa wa msiba huu na tufanye kazi pamoja kujenga jamii yenye haki na usawa kwa wote. Kwa maelezo zaidi kuhusu mapinduzi ya Wilmington ya 1898, tafadhali tembelea https: www.ncpedia.org wilmington-insurrection. Katika miaka iliyofuata sheria ya Jim Crow, Wilmington ilianza kupona polepole na kusonga mbele. Leo, jiji hilo ni kitovu chenye shughuli nyingi, linalojulikana kwa fukwe zake maridadi, jiji lake la kihistoria, na mandhari yake ya sanaa yenye msisimko. Historia ya mji inaweza kuchunguzwa katika maeneo kama vile Wilmington National Cemetery, ambapo wageni wanaweza kutoa heshima yao kwa askari waliokufa, na Bellamy Mansion Museum, nyumba ya antebellum iliyohifadhiwa vizuri ambayo inatoa mtazamo wa maisha katika Kusini kabla ya Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe. Jumba la Makumbusho la Cape Fear ni mahali pengine pa lazima pa kutembelewa na wapenzi wa historia. Hapa, wageni wanaweza kujifunza kuhusu historia ya eneo hilo, kuanzia wakazi wa mapema hadi leo. Jumba la makumbusho lina makumbusho mengi ya kihistoria, ikiwa ni pamoja na picha ya mashua ya vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe na maonyesho ya historia ya baharini ya eneo hilo. Lakini Wilmington si kuhusu historia tu. Mji huo pia ni nyumbani kwa matukio mengi na sherehe mwaka mzima, ikiwa ni pamoja na North Carolina Azalea tamasha, sherehe ya ua la jimbo ambalo huvutia wageni kutoka kote ulimwenguni. Tamasha la Mto Wilmington ni tukio jingine maarufu, likiwa na muziki wa moja kwa moja, wauzaji wa chakula, na maonyesho ya maonyesho ya moto juu ya Mto Cape Fear. mashabiki wa filamu hawataki kukosa Cucalorus Film Festival, ambayo inaonyesha bora katika sinema huru kutoka duniani kote. Tamasha hilo limekuwa kituo cha Wilmington tangu 1994 na limesaidia kuweka jiji kwenye ramani kama marudio ya kitamaduni. Kwa kweli, hakuna ziara ya Wilmington ambayo ingekuwa kamili bila kuonja baadhi ya mikahawa na maduka ya kushangaza ya jiji hilo. Kuanzia vyakula vya baharini safi hadi vyakula vya mashamba hadi meza, eneo la vyakula la Wilmington bila shaka litamshawishi hata mpenzi wa vyakula mwenye utambuzi zaidi. Na kwa kuwa kuna maduka mengi, maonyesho ya sanaa, na maduka ya kipekee, wanunuzi wanaweza kupata kitu kinachofaa ladha yao. Kwa ujumla, Wilmington ni jiji lenye kitu kwa ajili ya kila mtu. Kama wewe ni historia buff, utamaduni vulture, au tu kuangalia kwa ajili ya furaha likizo mahali, Wilmington lazima kuwa juu ya orodha yako ya lazima-kutembelea maeneo. Bandari ya Wilmington imekuwa jambo muhimu katika ukuzi na maendeleo ya jiji hilo. Tangu siku zake za mapema akiwa bandari ya kikoloni, Wilmington imegemea ukaribu wake na Bahari ya Atlantiki ili kuchochea uchumi wake. Meli kutoka sehemu zote za ulimwengu zimekuja Wilmington ili kuuza bidhaa kama vile tumbaku, mchele, na indigo. Baada ya muda, bandari ya Wilmington imekua na kupanuka, na kuwa mojawapo ya bandari zenye shughuli nyingi zaidi kwenye Pwani ya Mashariki. Leo, ni kituo kikuu cha usafirishaji na biashara, na meli za mizigo huwasili kutoka ulimwenguni pote ili kuondoa mizigo yao katika bandari. Athari za bandari hiyo kwenye uchumi wa Wilmington haziwezi kukadiriwa kupita kiasi. Inawapa maelfu ya watu kazi na hutoa mabilioni ya dola za mapato kila mwaka. Mbali na kuwa injini ya kiuchumi ya mji, bandari pia ina jukumu muhimu katika biashara ya kimataifa, kusaidia kusafirisha bidhaa kati ya nchi na kuunganisha biashara duniani kote. Hata hivyo, licha ya umuhimu wake, bandari hiyo pia inatoa magumu kwa Wilmington. Mtiririko wa magari unaweza kusababisha msongamano wa magari kwenye barabara zilizo karibu, na kuna wasiwasi kuhusu uchafuzi unaotokana na meli na vyanzo vingine. Hata hivyo, Wilmington bado imejitolea kudumisha na kuboresha miundombinu yake ya bandari ili kuendelea kuendesha ukuaji wa kiuchumi kwa miaka ijayo. Wilmington, North Carolina ilicheza fungu muhimu katika Mapinduzi ya Marekani. Mwaka 1775 kikundi cha wana wa uhuru waliitwa Sons of Liberty walichukua Fort Johnson, karibu na mdomo wa Mto Cape Fear. Huo ulikuwa mmoja wa matendo ya kwanza ya uasi dhidi ya utawala wa Uingereza katika koloni za Amerika. Katika kipindi cha vita, Wilmington ikawa kituo muhimu cha shughuli za kijeshi na ugavi. Jiji hilo lilipokuwa kwenye Mto Cape Fear, lilikuwa mahali pazuri pa kupeleka askari na vifaa kwenye sehemu nyingine za koloni. Jiji hilo pia lilitumiwa na maharamia ambao waliwatesa meli za Uingereza zilizo kwenye pwani. Vita moja mashuhuri kilichotokea karibu na Wilmington kilikuwa Vita vya Daraja la Moores Creek. Mnamo Februari 1776, jeshi la wapiganaji wa nchi iliyoongozwa na Richard Caswell lilishinda kundi la waaminifu-washikamanifu ambao walikuwa wakijaribu kwenda Wilmington ili kuungana na vikosi vya Uingereza huko. Vita hivyo vilikuwa ushindi mkubwa kwa wapiganaji wa nchi na vilisaidia kupata msaada wa North Carolina kwa ajili ya uhuru. Wilmington ni mji wa kihistoria wa jimbo la Pennsylvania, na watu wengi wa mji huo wanaishi katika maeneo ya kihistoria kama vile Brunswick Town, Fort Anderson State Historic Site, na Moores Creek National Battlefield. Maeneo haya yanatoa mtazamo wa kipindi hiki muhimu katika historia ya Marekani na kusaidia wageni kuelewa jinsi Wilmington ilicheza sehemu katika kuunda taifa letu. Wilmington ina eneo tajiri la muziki, na historia ndefu ya kuzalisha na kuvutia wanamuziki wenye vipaji. Jiji hilo limekuwa nyumbani kwa wanamuziki wengi mashuhuri kwa miaka mingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na hadithi ya jazz Dizzy Gillespie, ambaye alizaliwa huko Cheraw, South Carolina lakini alitumia sehemu kubwa ya utoto wake huko Wilmington. "Wimbo wa ""The Devil Went Down to Georgia"" uliandikwa na Charlie Daniels, ambaye aliishi huko katika miaka ya 1970 na kurekodi wimbo wake maarufu ""The Devil Went Down to Georgia"" katika studio ya eneo hilo." "Mwanamuziki na mwandishi wa nyimbo Benji Hughes ni mwimbaji wa asili wa Wilmington ambaye amepata mafanikio katika tasnia ya muziki, na nyimbo zake zimeonyeshwa kwenye vipindi vya televisheni kama vile ""Grey's Anatomy"" na ""The L Word.""" Mbali na kutokeza wanamuziki wenye vipaji, Wilmington pia imekuwa mahali panapopendwa na waimbaji wanaotembea. Mji huo umekuwa ukikaribisha wasanii wengi maarufu kwa miaka mingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na Elvis Presley, ambaye alicheza katika New Hanover County War Memorial Auditorium mnamo 1956. Leo, Wilmington inaendelea kuwa kitovu cha utendaji wa muziki. Jiji hilo lina majumba kadhaa ya muziki wa moja kwa moja ambapo wageni wanaweza kuona maonyesho ya waimbaji wa eneo hilo na waimbaji wanaotembea. Vituo vya kuvutia zaidi ni Reggie's 42nd Street Tavern, Greenfield Lake Amphitheater na Bourgie Nights. Katika mwaka mzima, Wilmington pia huwa mwenyeji wa sherehe kadhaa za muziki ambazo huvutia wageni kutoka sehemu zote za eneo hilo. Cape Fear Blues Festival ni tamasha la muziki wa bluu ambalo linaonyesha muziki wa bluu wa muziki wa bluu kutoka kote nchini. Tamasha nyingine ni pamoja na Port City Reggae Music & Art Festival na North Carolina Jazz Festival. Kwa ujumla, eneo la muziki la Wilmington ni sehemu muhimu ya urithi wake wa kitamaduni na inaendelea kusitawi leo shukrani kwa wanamuziki wake wenye vipaji na watazamaji wenye shauku. Katika miaka ya karibuni, Wilmington imekuwa mahali maarufu pa kupiga filamu za sinema na vipindi vya televisheni. Eneo lenye kupendeza la jiji hilo, fukwe zake maridadi, na usanifu-ujenzi wake wa kihistoria hufanya jiji hilo liwe mahali pazuri pa kuigiza maonyesho mbalimbali. "Mmoja wa filamu maarufu zaidi zilizopigwa filamu huko Wilmington ilikuwa ""Dawson's Creek"" ambayo ilitolewa kutoka 1998 hadi 2003." Mfululizo huo ulifuata kikundi cha matineja walipokuwa wakisafiri katika maisha katika mji wa uwongo wa Capeside, Massachusetts. Ingawa kipindi hicho kilikuwa katika jimbo la Massachusetts, kwa kweli kilirekodiwa huko Wilmington na sehemu nyingine za North Carolina. Onyesho jingine maarufu ambalo lilirekodiwa huko Wilmington ni "One Tree Hill". Onyesho hilo lilifuata kikundi cha wanafunzi wa shule ya sekondari walipokuwa wakikua na kukabiliwa na changamoto mbalimbali. Kama "Dawson's Creek", onyesho hilo lilirekodiwa kweli huko Wilmington, ambayo ilitumika kama mji wa uwongo wa Tree Hill. Kwa miaka mingi, filamu nyingine nyingi na vipindi vya televisheni vimechezwa huko Wilmington pia. Mifano fulani yenye kutokeza inatia ndani "Iron Man 3", "The Conjuring", na "Sleepy Hollow". Maonyesho hayo yameleta kazi na mapato kwa jiji hilo, na pia yameonyesha uzuri wake kwenye viwambo vya sinema ulimwenguni pote. Leo, wageni wanaweza kutembelea baadhi ya maeneo yaliyotumiwa katika maonyesho hayo. mashabiki wa One Tree Hill, kwa mfano, wanaweza kutembelea maeneo kama vile Riverfront Park na Airlie Gardens, ambayo mara nyingi kutumika kama backdrops juu ya show. Ziara hizi hutoa njia ya kufurahisha ya kuchunguza tasnia ya filamu ya Wilmington wakati pia kufurahia baadhi ya mandhari yake mazuri zaidi. Wilmington ina historia tajiri ya elimu, dating nyuma ya enzi ya kikoloni. Katika miaka ya mapema, elimu ilitolewa na walimu binafsi na shule, na familia nyingi kuajiri walimu kuelimisha watoto wao nyumbani. Jiji hilo lilipokua na kusitawi, hivyo ndivyo taasisi zake za elimu zilivyoendelea. Shule ya Wilmington ilianzishwa mwaka 1789 na ilikuwa shule ya kwanza ya umma katika mji huo. Shule hiyo ilijengwa mwaka 1866 na Williston School, shule ya wanafunzi wa Kiafrika. Mbali na shule za umma, Wilmington pia imekuwa nyumbani kwa vyuo vikuu kadhaa mashuhuri kwa miaka mingi. Chuo Kikuu cha North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) ni chuo kikuu cha kwanza cha Marekani kilichoanzishwa mnamo 1947 kama Chuo Kikuu cha Wilmington. Leo, UNCW ni taasisi inayoendelea na zaidi ya wanafunzi 16,000 na aina mbalimbali za programu za shahada ya kwanza na ya kuhitimu. Vyuo vikuu vingine ambavyo vimeanzishwa huko Wilmington ni pamoja na Chuo cha Jumuiya ya Cape Fear na Chuo cha Miller-Motte. Taasisi hizi hutoa mafunzo ya ufundi na programu za shahada ya ushirika katika nyanja kama vile huduma za afya, biashara, na haki ya jinai. Kwa ujumla, elimu imekuwa na fungu muhimu katika kuunda historia na utamaduni wa Wilmington. Tangu siku zake za mapema kama bandari ya kikoloni hadi hadhi yake ya kisasa kama eneo la mji mkuu unaositawi, elimu imekuwa sehemu muhimu ya utambulisho wa jiji hili. Maendeleo ya Huduma za Afya ikiwa ni pamoja na Huduma za Autism Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, Wilmington imeona mageuzi makubwa katika sekta yake ya huduma za afya. Jiji hilo lina vituo kadhaa vya matibabu vya kiwango cha ulimwengu, pamoja na Kituo cha Matibabu cha Mkoa cha New Hanover, ambayo ni mtoa huduma kubwa ya afya katika mkoa huo. Eneo moja ambapo Wilmington imefanya maendeleo makubwa ni katika uwanja wa huduma za ugonjwa wa akili. Ugonjwa wa autism wa kawaida (ASD) umekuwa ukiongezeka katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, na Wilmington imeitikia kwa kutoa huduma mbalimbali na rasilimali kwa watu wenye ASD na familia zao. Shirika moja mashuhuri ambalo hutoa huduma za ugonjwa wa akili huko Wilmington ni Shirika la Ugonjwa wa akili la North Carolina. Shirika hili hutoa vikundi vya msaada, programu za elimu, na huduma za utetezi kwa watu wenye ASD na familia zao. Pia wanaendesha kliniki ya ugonjwa wa akili ambayo hutoa tathmini za utambuzi na huduma za matibabu. Shirika jingine linalotoa huduma za ugonjwa wa akili huko Wilmington ni Huduma za Familia za Ufikiaji. Shirika hili linatoa programu mbalimbali kwa watoto wenye ASD, ikiwa ni pamoja na matibabu ya uchambuzi wa tabia (ABA), tiba ya hotuba, tiba ya kazi, na vikundi vya ujuzi wa kijamii. Kwa ujumla, sekta ya huduma za afya ya Wilmington inaendelea kubadilika na kupanuka ili kukidhi mahitaji yanayobadilika ya wakazi wake. Kwa kuzingatia huduma za ugonjwa wa akili na maeneo mengine ya huduma maalum, Wilmington iko tayari kuwa katika mstari wa mbele wa uvumbuzi wa huduma za afya kwa miaka ijayo. Jiji la Wilmington lina historia ndefu na yenye kuvutia ambayo ilianzia wakati wa ukoloni. Jiji hilo lilianzishwa mwaka wa 1739 na baada ya muda mfupi likawa kituo muhimu cha biashara. Kwa miaka mingi, Wilmington ilicheza jukumu muhimu katika matukio kama vile Mapinduzi ya Marekani na Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe. Leo, ni eneo la jiji kubwa lenye kusitawi lenye utamaduni wenye kustaajabisha. Kuna maeneo mengi huko Wilmington yanayoonyesha historia yenye kuvutia ya jiji hilo. Hifadhi ya Bellamy Mansion ya Historia na Sanaa ya Ubunifu, ambayo inatoa ziara ya nyumba ya antebellum na bustani, na Jumba la Makumbusho la Cape Fear la Historia na Sayansi, ambayo ina maonyesho ya historia ya eneo hilo, na meli ya vita ya North Carolina, ambayo ilitumika katika Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia. Sikuzote Wilmington imekuwa jiji lenye uhusiano wa karibu na biashara na biashara. Katika siku zake za mapema, ilitegemea sana usafirishaji wa bidhaa kama vile tumbaku, mchele, na indigo. Baada ya muda, uchumi wake ulibadilika na kujumuisha viwanda kama vile nguo, utengenezaji wa fanicha, na utalii. Leo, ni nyumbani kwa waajiri kadhaa wakuu katika nyanja kama vile huduma za afya, elimu, na teknolojia. Wilmington imekuwa nyumbani kwa watu wengi mashuhuri kwa miaka mingi. Baadhi ya wakazi maarufu ni pamoja na hadithi ya jazz Dizzy Gillespie; mwimbaji-mwandishi wa nyimbo Benji Hughes; na waigizaji kama nyota za Dawson's Creek James Van Der Beek na Katie Holmes. Jiji hilo pia limekuwa na wageni wengi mashuhuri kwa miaka mingi, kutia ndani Elvis Presley. Kuna sababu nyingi kwa nini wageni hukusanyika huko Wilmington kila mwaka. Historia yake yenye utajiri, fukwe zake maridadi, na utamaduni wake wenye kusisimua ni baadhi tu ya mambo yanayovutia. Jiji hilo pia lina shughuli nyingi za nje, kama vile kutembea kwa miguu, kuvua samaki, na kuendesha mashua. Kwa kuwa kuna maduka na mikahawa ya kuvutia, kuna mengi ya kuwafurahisha wageni, bila kujali maslahi yao. Wilmington, North Carolina, ni mji wa kihistoria wa kihistoria ambao umebadilika na kuwa mji wa kisasa. Tangu siku zake za mwanzo kama bandari ya kikoloni hadi jukumu lake katika Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe na mapambano ya Ujenzi na Jim Crow, Wilmington imeshinda changamoto nyingi kuwa mji wenye nguvu na tofauti ambao ni leo. Kama wewe ni history buff au tu kuangalia kwa ajili ya mahali nzuri ya kutembelea, Wilmington ina kitu cha kutoa kila mtu. | <urn:uuid:e7fad0a6-f91e-4570-8ca0-c98407843373> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.crossrivertherapy.com/autism/history-of-wilmington-north-carolina | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
FDA considers a Pfizer booster and a Moderna vaccine for children
RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:
We are beginning this hour with new developments on the effort to protect kids from COVID. Pfizer and BioNTech just asked the Food and Drug Administration to authorize the first booster shot for children ages 5 to 11. And any day now, Moderna is expected to seek authorization for the first vaccine for children younger than 5. NPR health correspondent Rob Stein joins us this morning. Hi, Rob.
ROB STEIN, BYLINE: Good morning, Rachel.
MARTIN: Before we get to the vaccine news, let's start with some new data out from the CDC about how many people, including kids, have been infected with COVID. What's the latest?
STEIN: You know, Rachel, does it feel like almost everyone you know has gotten COVID-19 by now? Well, you know...
MARTIN: A lot, yeah.
STEIN: Yeah, there's a good reason for that. The CDC data says that the omicron variant spread so fast this winter that almost 60% of everyone in the U.S. has antibodies to the virus. And that number is even higher for children - almost 75% of kids ages 11 and younger. That means lots of people have at least some immunity at this point and helps explain why the U.S. hasn't experienced yet another big surge yet.
MARTIN: OK. So 75% of kids have antibodies.
MARTIN: That's what you said?
MARTIN: Does that mean these kids still need vaccinations or boosters?
STEIN: You know, the CDC says yes, absolutely. First of all, you know, one-quarter of kids still don't have any immunity. And the CDC says vaccination provides even stronger, perhaps broader, protection for those who have already gotten infected. So the - you know, the CDC is actually frustrated that most parents still haven't vaccinated or boosted their kids.
MARTIN: So we know kids ages 12 and older are already eligible for booster shots. Now Pfizer and BioNTech want the FDA to OK a booster for younger kids, too, right?
STEIN: Yeah, yeah. The companies say a third shot six months after the second shot can safely pump up antibodies for kids ages 5 to 11, especially antibodies that can fight off the omicron variant.
Now, Rachel, there's a bit of mixed opinion among independent experts about whether kids ages 5 to 11 need a booster yet. Some say, look, protection from two shots clearly weakens as the months go by, especially against omicron. And while kids don't tend to get as sick as adults, COVID can still pose a danger to kids. So we should do everything possible to protect them, especially now that no one's wearing masks and the numbers are creeping up again.
But others argue two shots are still keeping kids from getting seriously ill. And the evidence boosters are definitely needed just isn't there yet. So the FDA will have to decide who's right.
MARTIN: Meanwhile, really young kids still have not been able to get even their first shots.
MARTIN: Moderna is expected to ask the FDA to authorize a vaccine for children younger than 5 this week finally. I mean, is this going to happen?
STEIN: You know, Moderna says its low-dose pediatric vaccine looks safe and can boost antibodies to levels equivalent to the adult vaccine for kids as young as 6 months old. That said, the protection still doesn't look that great against omicron. So that's raised questions about whether three doses are really needed. That's what happened with the Pfizer-BioNTech pediatric vaccine, and the FDA is waiting to see if three shots of that vaccine work better.
So while everyone's hoping to get a vaccine for these kids by this month, it now looks like the FDA's probably not going to take this up until June. And that's obviously not good news to all those parents of very young kids who are frustrated and angry that it's already taken this long to get a vaccine for their kids.
MARTIN: NPR health correspondent Rob Stein, thank you.
STEIN: Sure thing, Rachel. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. | "FDA inazingatia booster ya Pfizer na chanjo ya Moderna kwa watoto ""Rachel Martin, Mwalimu: Tunaanza saa hii na maendeleo mapya juu ya juhudi za kuwalinda watoto kutoka COVID-19." Pfizer na BioNTech wamewasili kwa idara ya chakula na dawa ya Marekani (FDA) kuidhinisha chanjo ya kwanza ya booster kwa watoto wenye umri wa miaka 5 hadi 11. Moderna inatarajiwa kutafuta idhini ya chanjo ya kwanza kwa watoto chini ya miaka mitano. Mjumbe wa NPR Rob Stein anaendelea na mazungumzo yake. Halo, Rob. Rob Steyn, byline: Asubuhi njema, Rachel. "Kabla ya kuingia kwenye habari za chanjo, hebu tuanze na data mpya kutoka kwa CDC kuhusu idadi ya watu, pamoja na watoto, ambao wameambukizwa COVID-19.""" Habari za karibuni ni zipi? "Rachel, unajua, ""Ninajua kila mtu ambaye ninajua amepata COVID-19.""" Kwa kweli, unajua... MARTIN: Mengi, ndiyo. STEIN: Ndiyo, kuna sababu nzuri ya hilo. Kulingana na CDC, omicron imeenea kwa kasi sana wakati wa baridi kali, na karibu asilimia 60 ya watu nchini Marekani wana antibodies dhidi ya virusi hivyo. Idadi hiyo ni kubwa zaidi kwa watoto, karibu asilimia 75 ya watoto wenye umri wa miaka 11 na chini. Hii inamaanisha kwamba watu wengi wana angalau kinga fulani kwa wakati huu na inasaidia kuelezea kwa nini Marekani haijawahi kupata ongezeko kubwa la virusi vya corona. Martin: Sawa. Kwa hivyo, asilimia 75 ya watoto wana antibodies. MARTIN: Je, hiyo ni nini alisema? Je, hii inamaanisha kwamba watoto hawa bado wanahitaji chanjo au booster? "Sema, ""C.D.C. inajua kwamba kuna uwezekano mkubwa wa kuwa na tatizo hili." Kwa mfano, asilimia moja ya watoto bado hawana kinga. CDC inasema chanjo hutoa ulinzi mkubwa zaidi kwa wale ambao tayari wameambukizwa. Kwa hivyo, CDC inashangaa kwamba wazazi wengi bado hawajawa chanjo watoto wao. Kwa hivyo, watoto wenye umri wa miaka 12 na zaidi tayari wanastahili chanjo ya booster. Pfizer na BioNTech pia zinataka FDA iidhinishe dawa ya booster kwa watoto wadogo. STEIN: Ndiyo, ndiyo. "Kampuni hiyo imesema chanjo ya tatu miezi sita baada ya chanjo ya pili inaweza ""kuinua kwa usalama"" kingamwili kwa watoto wenye umri wa miaka 5 hadi 11, hasa kingamwili zinazoweza kupambana na aina ya Omicron." Kwa mujibu wa ripoti ya utafiti wa wataalamu wa afya, kuna tofauti kubwa kati ya watoto wenye umri wa miaka 5 hadi 11 wanaohitaji dawa ya booster. "Wengine wanasema, ""Ulinzi kutoka kwa risasi mbili una dhaifu kwa wazi kadiri miezi inavyopita, haswa dhidi ya Omicron.""" Ingawa watoto hawawezi kuugua kama watu wazima, COVID-19 bado inaweza kuwa hatari kwa watoto. """Tunapaswa kufanya kila tuwezalo kuwalinda, hasa sasa ambapo hakuna mtu anayevaa kinyago na idadi inaongezeka tena." Lakini wengine wanasema chanjo mbili bado zinawazuia watoto wasigonjwa vibaya, na ushahidi wa booster unahitajika bado haupo. Kwa hiyo, FDA inapaswa kuamua ni nani aliye na haki. Kwa upande mwingine, watoto wadogo hawajaweza kupata chanjo ya kwanza. Moderna inatarajiwa kuomba FDA kuidhinisha chanjo kwa watoto chini ya miaka mitano wiki hii. Namaanisha, je, jambo hili litatukia? Moderna inasema chanjo yake ya watoto inaonekana salama na inaweza kuongeza antibodi kwa viwango sawa na chanjo ya watu wazima kwa watoto wa miezi sita. Hata hivyo, ulinzi bado haionekani kuwa mzuri dhidi ya omicron. "Hii ilisababisha maswali ya ""Je, dozi tatu zinahitajika?""" "Hiyo ndiyo iliyotokea na chanjo ya Pfizer-BioNTech ya watoto, na FDA inangoja kuona ikiwa risasi tatu za chanjo hiyo zinafanya kazi vizuri zaidi. """ """Wakati kila mtu anatarajia kupata chanjo kwa watoto hawa mwezi huu, sasa inaonekana kama FDA haitachukua hii hadi Juni." Hii si habari njema kwa wazazi wote wa watoto wadogo ambao wamefadhaika na kukasirika kwamba tayari imechukua muda mrefu kupata chanjo kwa watoto wao. Mjumbe wa NPR Rob Stein STEIN: Bila shaka jambo, Rachel. Transcription: NPR, Copyright: NPR | <urn:uuid:20ab0ec3-3298-47c6-9d1b-7ef46452ccda> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.ctpublic.org/2022-04-27/fda-considers-a-pfizer-booster-and-a-moderna-vaccine-for-children | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Scientists map beaver genome as gift for Canada's 150th birthday
Throughout Canada's history, the industrious, humble beaver has gone from near-extinction at the height of the fur trade to becoming the official symbol of our nation.
Now, Canadian researchers are hoping that the furry rodent can also become a science hero by helping them better understand human disorders like autism.
In a Canadian first, scientists at The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG) at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children have sequenced the entire genome of the Canadian beaver. More specifically, they mapped out all the genes of 10-year-old Ward, a beaver who lives at the Toronto Zoo.
The beaver DNA project is expected to help advance research into human disorders and diseases such as autism and cancer, by allowing scientists to better understand genome sequencing done from scratch.
"The beaver genome was something that was begging to be studied," TCAG director Steve Scherer told CTV News.
It was also the perfect gift to Canada as the country approaches its 150th anniversary, he said.
"Up until now, the beaver genome had not yet been completed. It's an important animal, not just in Canada's history, but also in the study of evolution and biology."
Scherer, known for his breakthrough research into genes linked to autism, explained that the beaver genome sequencing was done as a way to test new technologies and ideas developed at the TCAG to study human genomes.
TCAG sequences about 10,000 genomes each year, using a process known as "re-sequencing," or comparing the studied genome to existing sequences of other individuals.
This time, scientists used a much more complex approach called "de novo" sequencing, which meant they assembled Ward the beaver's genome from scratch.
"It's amazingly difficult, that's why it's not commonly done," Si Lok, the study co-author and lead of technology development at TCAG, told CTV News.
"Ward was the perfect example for us to try the new technology."
Scherer said that because of technological limitations in the past, TCAG scientists have been able to provide only about 20 per cent of families affected by autism with a genetic explanation.
Now, thanks to de novo sequencing of Ward's genome, the same process can be applied to human DNA and lessons learned from the beaver project can be applied to ongoing autism research, as well as genetic studies of cancer and other disorders, Scherer said.
"Many, many of the genes that are found in human brain development are found in beaver genome," Scherer said. "And that's not surprising because the beaver is actually the only other organism other than humans that modifies its environment to benefit itself, its survival -- so it must be really smart."
In addition to the Toronto Zoo, the scientists also partnered with the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, the Royal Ontario Museum and the University of Toronto. SickKids also produced a YouTube video explaining how the beaver genome sequencing was done.
"It's very much a Canadian initiative and we're bringing together these big giants from Canadian institutions," said Kevin Kerr, a Toronto Zoo curator who helped arrange the study of Ward's DNA.
"We think this is a huge Canadian success story," Scherer said.
With files from CTV's medical affairs specialist Avis Favaro and producer Elizabeth St. Philip | Wanasayansi wa Canada wamepanga ramani ya jeni ya beaver kama zawadi kwa siku ya kuzaliwa ya 150 ya Canada, na kwa historia ya Canada, beaver mwenye bidii na mnyenyekevu amepita kutoka karibu na kutoweka wakati wa kilele cha biashara ya manyoya kuwa ishara rasmi ya taifa letu. Watafiti wa Canada wana matumaini kwamba panya huyo mwenye manyoya anaweza kuwa shujaa wa sayansi kwa kuwasaidia kuelewa vizuri magonjwa ya binadamu kama vile ugonjwa wa akili. Kwa mara ya kwanza, wanasayansi wa Kituo cha Genomics ya Matumizi (TCAG) katika Hospitali ya Toronto ya Watoto Wagonjwa wameorodhesha genome nzima ya beaver ya Canada. Kwa mfano, kuna mnyama anayeitwa Ward mwenye umri wa miaka 10 anayeishi katika bustani ya wanyama ya Toronto. Mradi wa DNA ya beaver unatarajiwa kusaidia kuendeleza utafiti wa magonjwa ya binadamu kama vile autism na kansa, kwa kuruhusu wanasayansi kuelewa vizuri mpangilio wa genome uliofanywa kutoka mwanzo. "Genome ya beaver ilikuwa kitu ambacho kilikuwa kinahitaji kuchunguzwa", mkurugenzi wa TCAG Steve Scherer aliiambia CTV News. "Hiyo pia ilikuwa zawadi kamili kwa Canada wakati nchi inakaribia maadhimisho ya miaka 150 ya kuanzishwa kwake,"" alisema." "Hata sasa, jeni la beaver halikuwa limekamilika. Ni mnyama muhimu, si katika historia ya Kanada tu, bali pia katika utafiti wa mageuzi na biolojia". Scherer, anayejulikana kwa utafiti wake wa kuvutia juu ya jeni zinazohusiana na ugonjwa wa akili, alielezea kwamba utaratibu wa genome ya beaver ulifanywa kama njia ya kujaribu teknolojia mpya na mawazo yaliyobuniwa katika TCAG kusoma genome za binadamu. TCAG hufuatilia karibu genomes 10,000 kila mwaka, kwa kutumia mchakato unaojulikana kama "kufuatilia tena", au kulinganisha genome iliyochunguzwa na mfululizo uliopo wa watu wengine. Wakati huu, wanasayansi walitumia mbinu ngumu zaidi inayoitwa "de novo" sequencing, ambayo ilimaanisha kwamba walikusanya genome ya Ward beaver kutoka mwanzo. "Hii ni ngumu sana, ndiyo sababu haifanyiwi kwa kawaida, ""Si Lok, mwandishi mwenza wa utafiti na kiongozi wa maendeleo ya teknolojia katika TCAG, aliiambia CTV News." "Ward alikuwa mfano mzuri sana kwa ajili yetu kujaribu teknolojia hiyo mpya". "Kutokana na upungufu wa teknolojia, wanasayansi wa TCAG wameweza kutoa maelezo ya maumbile kwa asilimia 20 tu ya familia zilizoathiriwa na ugonjwa wa akili.""" "Sasa, shukrani kwa mpangilio wa de novo wa genome ya Ward, mchakato huo huo unaweza kutumika kwa DNA ya binadamu na masomo yaliyopatikana kutoka kwa mradi wa beaver yanaweza kutumika kwa utafiti wa autism unaoendelea, pamoja na masomo ya maumbile ya saratani na matatizo mengine. """ "Jeni nyingi, nyingi ambazo hupatikana katika ukuzi wa ubongo wa binadamu hupatikana katika genome ya beaver", Scherer akasema. "Na hiyo haishangazi kwa sababu beaver ni kiumbe pekee kingine isipokuwa wanadamu ambacho hubadilisha mazingira yake ili kujinufaisha, kuishi kwake - kwa hivyo lazima iwe na akili sana. """ Kwa kuongezea, utafiti huo ulifanywa na Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto, Chuo Kikuu cha Royal Ontario, Chuo Kikuu cha Ontario, na Taasisi ya Ontario ya Utafiti wa Saratani. SickKids pia ilitengeneza video ya YouTube inayoelezea jinsi utaratibu wa genome ya beaver ulivyofanywa. "Hii ni mpango wa Canada na tunaleta pamoja majitu haya makubwa kutoka taasisi za Canada, ""alisema Kevin Kerr, msimamizi wa Toronto Zoo ambaye alisaidia kupanga utafiti wa DNA ya Ward." "Tunafikiri hii ni hadithi kubwa ya mafanikio ya Canada", Scherer alisema. Miongoni mwao ni Mtaalamu wa masuala ya matibabu wa CTV, Avis Favaro, na mtayarishaji Elizabeth St. Philip. | <urn:uuid:b8e9aad7-b004-45ea-8888-c141183af4b3> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/scientists-map-beaver-genome-as-gift-for-canada-s-150th-birthday-1.3240007 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
It is important to be prepared for emergencies that can occur at anytime and can take many shapes or forms. For the near future, experts are predicting very unstable and extreme weather as a result of global warming. So it is worth the time and energy for peace of mind knowing that you and your family are ready for an emergency.
Natural emergencies include flooding, earthquakes, illness outbreaks or pandemics, wind storms, severe thunderstorms, tornados and heat waves. There can also be man-made emergencies such as air and rail accidents, transport vehicle accidents, industrial accidents and terrorist attacks. Some emergencies occur suddenly without warning, while others may have warnings signs before hand.
One thing that all major emergencies have in common is that they can potentially disrupt our normal daily activities; cause damage to property and the environment and in some cases may even threaten our lives and those of our loved ones.
A Home Emergency Plan
It is important for you to have your own emergency plan and a survival kit ready at all times in case of an emergency that would require you to leave your home or be without power and other amenities at home. For everybody’s sake it is worth all the time and planning in order to be as prepared as possible. When preparing your home and family for an emergency, make sure you hazard-proof your home, keep emergency numbers handy and prepare a survival kit. An emergency survival kit should contain enough to keep you and your family self-sufficient for at least 3 days. An emergency survival kit should contain:
- non-perishable food
- crank radio or battery-operated radio with spare batteries
- blankets and sleeping bags (1 per person)
- first aid kit
- candles and matches or lighter
- extra car keys and cash
- important papers (identification card for every one, personal documents)
- clothing and footwear
- toilet paper and other personal supplies
- playing cards, games
All these items should be stored in a bag that you can take with you. Remember to review your emergency kit on a regular basis, and try not to use its contents except during an emergency situation.
Pediatrician DR.PAUL Roumeliotis is certified by the American Board of Pediatrics and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. The information provided above is designed to be an educational aid only. It is not intended to replace the advice and care of your child’s physician, nor is it intended to be used for medical diagnosis or treatment. If you suspect that your child has a medical condition always consult a physician. | Ni muhimu kuwa tayari kwa hali za dharura ambazo zinaweza kutokea wakati wowote na zinaweza kuwa na maumbo au maumbo mengi. Kwa siku zijazo, wataalamu wanatabiri hali ya hewa isiyo thabiti na kali sana kwa sababu ya ongezeko la joto duniani. Kwa hiyo, ni muhimu kutumia wakati na nguvu zako kwa amani ya akili, ukijua kwamba wewe na familia yako mko tayari kwa hali ya dharura. Hali za dharura za asili ni pamoja na mafuriko, matetemeko ya ardhi, milipuko ya magonjwa au magonjwa, dhoruba za upepo, dhoruba kali za radi, vimbunga na mawimbi ya joto. Pia kunaweza kuwa na dharura za binadamu kama vile ajali za ndege na reli, ajali za magari ya usafirishaji, ajali za viwanda na mashambulizi ya kigaidi. Hali fulani za dharura hutokea ghafula bila onyo, ilhali nyingine zaweza kuwa na ishara za onyo mapema. Jambo moja ambalo hali zote za dharura kubwa zina sawa ni kwamba zinaweza kusumbua shughuli zetu za kawaida za kila siku; kusababisha uharibifu wa mali na mazingira na katika hali zingine zinaweza hata kutishia maisha yetu na ya wapendwa wetu. Ni muhimu kuwa na mpango wako wa dharura na kitanda cha kuishi tayari wakati wote katika kesi ya dharura ambayo itahitaji kuondoka nyumbani au kuwa bila umeme na huduma nyingine nyumbani. Kwa ajili ya kila mtu ni thamani ya muda wote na mipango ili kuwa kama tayari iwezekanavyo. Wakati wa kuandaa nyumba yako na familia kwa ajili ya dharura, hakikisha wewe hatari-upinzani nyumba yako, kuweka namba za dharura mkononi na kuandaa kit ya kuishi. Mfuko wa kuokoka wa dharura unapaswa kuwa na kiasi cha kutosha kukuweka wewe na familia yako kujitegemea kwa angalau siku tatu. Vifaa vya kuokoa maisha vya dharura vinapaswa kuwa na: - chakula kisichoharibika - redio ya crank au redio inayoendeshwa na betri na betri za ziada - blanketi na mifuko ya kulala (mmoja kwa mtu) - kitanda cha matibabu ya kwanza - mishumaa na mechi au kichocheo - funguo za gari za ziada na pesa - nyaraka muhimu (kitambulisho kwa kila mtu, nyaraka za kibinafsi) - nguo na viatu - karatasi ya choo na vifaa vingine vya kibinafsi - kucheza kadi, michezo. Kumbuka kukagua kitako cha dharura mara kwa mara, na jaribu kutotumia yaliyomo isipokuwa wakati wa hali ya dharura. Daktari wa watoto Dr. Paul Roumeliotis ni mtaalamu wa matibabu ya watoto na daktari wa watoto kutoka Chuo cha Royal College of Physicians na Daktari wa Canada. Habari iliyotolewa hapo juu imekusudiwa kuwa msaada wa kielimu tu. Haikusudiwa kuchukua nafasi ya ushauri na huduma ya daktari wa mtoto wako, wala haikusudiwa kutumiwa kwa utambuzi wa matibabu au matibabu. Ikiwa unashuku kwamba mtoto wako ana ugonjwa, sikuzote wasiliana na daktari. | <urn:uuid:ece7bc22-3ec9-488b-9a37-cb84877431c4> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.drpaul.com/injury-prevention/preparing-for-emergencies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Orthopedic Breakthroughs: Advanced Interventions for Mobility
Orthopedic interventions have witnessed remarkable breakthroughs, transforming the landscape of musculoskeletal care. From innovative surgical techniques to cutting-edge technologies, these advancements play a crucial role in restoring mobility and improving the quality of life for individuals facing orthopedic challenges.
Precision in Joint Replacement Surgeries
Joint replacement surgeries have evolved with precision and efficiency. Advanced imaging technologies, such as 3D printing and computer-assisted navigation, enable orthopedic surgeons to create personalized plans for joint replacements. This level of precision ensures better alignment, reduced recovery times, and enhanced longevity of joint implants.
Minimally Invasive Approaches for Faster Recovery
Minimally invasive orthopedic interventions have become increasingly popular, offering benefits such as smaller incisions, reduced trauma to surrounding tissues, and quicker recovery times. Procedures like arthroscopy allow surgeons to visualize and treat joint problems with minimal disruption, leading to improved patient outcomes and increased overall satisfaction.
Biological Therapies and Regenerative Medicine
The integration of biological therapies and regenerative medicine has opened new avenues for orthopedic interventions. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, stem cell therapy, and growth factors promote tissue healing and regeneration. These approaches aim to harness the body’s natural healing mechanisms, providing alternatives for conditions like osteoarthritis and soft tissue injuries.
Robot-Assisted Orthopedic Surgery
Robot-assisted surgery has revolutionized orthopedic procedures. Robots assist surgeons with precision and control, enhancing the accuracy of bone cuts and implant placement. This technology is particularly valuable in complex surgeries, such as joint reconstructions, where precise alignment is crucial for optimal outcomes.
Customized Implants and Personalized Orthopedics
Advancements in orthopedics include the development of customized implants and personalized treatment plans. 3D printing technology allows for the creation of implants tailored to an individual’s anatomy. This level of customization improves the fit and function of implants, leading to better patient satisfaction and long-term success.
Orthobiologics: Enhancing Healing from Within
Orthobiologics, including bone grafts and other biological substances, contribute to enhanced healing from within. These substances stimulate the body’s natural healing processes and are used in various orthopedic procedures, such as spinal fusions and fracture repairs. Orthobiologics play a pivotal role in promoting successful outcomes in orthopedic interventions.
Advances in Spine Surgery Techniques
Spine surgery has seen significant advancements in techniques and technologies. Minimally invasive spine surgery reduces trauma to surrounding tissues, resulting in shorter hospital stays and faster recovery. Artificial disc replacement, spinal fusion innovations, and navigation systems improve the precision of spine surgeries, addressing a range of spinal conditions.
Non-Surgical Orthopedic Interventions
Not all orthopedic interventions require surgery. Non-surgical approaches, such as physical therapy, injections, and orthopedic bracing, are integral components of comprehensive musculoskeletal care. These interventions aim to manage pain, improve mobility, and enhance function without the need for invasive procedures.
Telemedicine in Orthopedics: Remote Consultations and Follow-ups
The integration of telemedicine in orthopedics has expanded access to care. Patients can now consult with orthopedic specialists remotely, discuss treatment options, and participate in follow-up appointments without the need for frequent in-person visits. Telemedicine improves convenience and ensures ongoing care for individuals, especially those with
Orthopedic Excellence: Advanced Procedures for Joint Health
Orthopedic procedures play a pivotal role in enhancing joint health and addressing musculoskeletal conditions. From minimally invasive surgeries to cutting-edge joint replacements, orthopedic excellence encompasses a spectrum of advanced procedures designed to optimize mobility and improve the quality of life.
Minimally Invasive Techniques for Precision
Advancements in orthopedics have ushered in an era of minimally invasive techniques. These procedures involve smaller incisions, reduced tissue damage, and quicker recovery times compared to traditional surgeries. Minimally invasive approaches are commonly used in arthroscopic surgeries for conditions like torn ligaments, cartilage injuries, and joint inflammation.
Arthroplasty: Revolutionizing Joint Replacement
Arthroplasty, or joint replacement surgery, stands as a revolutionary orthopedic procedure. This involves replacing damaged joints with artificial implants to restore function and alleviate pain. Hip and knee replacements are among the most common arthroplasty procedures, providing life-changing benefits for individuals suffering from arthritis or joint degeneration.
Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics
Regenerative medicine has emerged as a promising frontier in orthopedics. Procedures such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy and stem cell injections aim to stimulate the body’s natural healing processes. These innovative approaches show potential in repairing damaged tissues, promoting joint health, and reducing inflammation.
Sports Medicine: Addressing Athletic Injuries
Orthopedic procedures within the realm of sports medicine are tailored to address injuries common among athletes. Techniques like ligament reconstruction, meniscus repair, and tendonitis treatments aim to restore optimal function for individuals engaged in sports and physical activities. Sports medicine orthopedics focus on both injury prevention and rehabilitation.
Spinal Surgeries for Structural Integrity
Orthopedic procedures extend to spinal surgeries that address conditions affecting the spine’s structural integrity. From spinal fusion for stability to decompression surgeries for nerve impingement, orthopedic interventions aim to alleviate back pain, improve mobility, and enhance the overall health of the spine.
Joint Preservation Strategies
In orthopedics, joint preservation strategies aim to delay or prevent the need for joint replacement surgery. These approaches involve techniques such as joint realignment, osteotomy, and cartilage restoration. By preserving the natural joint as much as possible, orthopedic specialists strive to extend the lifespan of the joint and maintain optimal function.
Orthopedic Trauma Interventions
Orthopedic procedures play a critical role in trauma care, addressing fractures, dislocations, and severe injuries to the musculoskeletal system. Fracture fixation, external fixation, and surgical stabilization procedures are essential for restoring bone alignment and promoting healing in the aftermath of traumatic incidents.
Innovations in Robotics and Navigation
The integration of robotics and navigation technologies is transforming orthopedic procedures. Robotic-assisted surgeries provide surgeons with enhanced precision and accuracy in procedures like joint replacements. These technological advancements contribute to improved outcomes, shorter recovery times, and personalized treatment plans.
Rehabilitation and Postoperative Care
Orthopedic excellence extends beyond the operating room to comprehensive rehabilitation and postoperative care. Rehabilitation programs are tailored to each patient, focusing on restoring strength, flexibility, and function. Postoperative care plays a crucial role in the success of orthopedic procedures, ensuring a smooth recovery and long-term joint health.
Explore Orthopedic Excellence for Joint Health
Orthopedic Surgery: Precision Care for Musculoskeletal Health
Orthopedic surgery plays a crucial role in providing precision care for individuals experiencing musculoskeletal issues. From injuries to degenerative conditions, orthopedic surgeons specialize in diagnosing and treating a wide range of problems affecting the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. This article explores the significance of orthopedic surgery in ensuring optimal musculoskeletal health.
Comprehensive Diagnosis and Evaluation
Orthopedic surgeons begin the treatment process with a comprehensive diagnosis and evaluation. Through advanced imaging techniques such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans, they gain a detailed understanding of the patient’s musculoskeletal condition. This thorough assessment allows for accurate identification of the underlying issues, enabling the development of personalized treatment plans.
Specialized Treatment Modalities
Once the diagnosis is established, orthopedic surgeons employ specialized treatment modalities tailored to the specific needs of each patient. Non-surgical interventions, such as physical therapy and medication, are often explored as initial options. However, when surgical intervention becomes necessary, orthopedic surgeons utilize their expertise to perform procedures ranging from arthroscopy to joint replacement surgeries.
Joint Replacement Surgeries
Joint replacement surgeries represent a cornerstone of orthopedic interventions, particularly for conditions like osteoarthritis. Surgeons replace damaged or deteriorated joints with artificial implants, providing relief from pain and restoring functionality. These procedures have significantly improved over the years, with advancements in materials and surgical techniques leading to enhanced outcomes and quicker recovery times.
Orthopedic surgery plays a vital role in addressing sports-related injuries, catering to athletes at various levels. From torn ligaments to fractures, sports injuries can have a significant impact on an individual’s performance and overall well-being. Orthopedic surgeons work closely with athletes to diagnose and treat these injuries, helping them regain optimal function and return to their respective sports.
Minimally Invasive Approaches
Advancements in medical technology have paved the way for minimally invasive orthopedic procedures. These techniques involve smaller incisions, reduced tissue damage, and quicker recovery times compared to traditional open surgeries. Patients undergoing minimally invasive procedures often experience less postoperative pain and scarring while benefiting from shorter hospital stays.
Orthopedic Surgery: A Path to Improved Quality of Life
Orthopedic surgery contributes significantly to improving the quality of life for individuals suffering from musculoskeletal conditions. Whether it’s relieving chronic pain, restoring mobility, or enhancing overall function, orthopedic interventions are designed to address the unique needs of each patient. The goal is to enable individuals to lead active, pain-free lives.
In the realm of musculoskeletal health, orthopedic surgery stands as a beacon of hope, providing precise and effective solutions to a myriad of conditions. To learn more about orthopedic surgery and the transformative impact it can have on your musculoskeletal well-being, visit Orthopedic Surgery.
In conclusion, orthopedic surgery remains at the forefront of medical advancements, offering tailored solutions to individuals grappling with musculoskeletal issues. Through comprehensive diagnosis, specialized treatment modalities, and advancements in surgical techniques, orthopedic surgeons play a pivotal role in restoring and enhancing the musculoskeletal health of their patients. If you or someone you know is facing musculoskeletal | Uvumbuzi wa Orthopedic: Uingiliaji wa Juu kwa Uhamiaji Uingiliaji wa Orthopedic umeshuhudia mafanikio makubwa, ukibadilisha mazingira ya utunzaji wa misuli na mifupa. Kutoka kwa mbinu za upasuaji za ubunifu hadi teknolojia za kisasa, maendeleo haya yana jukumu muhimu katika kurudisha mwendo na kuboresha ubora wa maisha kwa watu wanaokabili changamoto za mifupa. Upasuaji wa kubadilisha viungo umebadilika kwa usahihi na ufanisi. Teknolojia za hali ya juu za upigaji picha, kama vile uchapishaji wa 3D na urambazaji unaosaidiwa na kompyuta, zinawawezesha madaktari wa upasuaji wa mifupa kuunda mipango ya kibinafsi ya kubadilisha viungo. Kiwango hiki cha usahihi huandaa usawa bora, hupunguza wakati wa kupona, na kuongeza urefu wa maisha ya viungo vilivyowekwa. Upasuaji wa upasuaji wa chini wa uvamizi (MINIMALI INVASIVE ORTHOPEDIC INTERVENTIONS) ni mbinu ya matibabu ya upasuaji wa chini ya uvamizi ambayo inatoa faida kama vile upasuaji mdogo, upasuaji mdogo wa tishu zinazozunguka, na upasuaji wa haraka. Utaratibu kama vile arthroscopy inaruhusu madaktari wa upasuaji kuona na kutibu matatizo ya viungo na usumbufu mdogo, na kusababisha matokeo bora ya mgonjwa na kuongezeka kwa kuridhika kwa jumla. Matibabu ya kibiolojia na Tiba ya Regenerative Kuunganisha matibabu ya kibiolojia na dawa ya regenerative imefungua njia mpya kwa ajili ya uingiliaji wa mifupa. Injekesho ya plasma yenye plateleti nyingi (PRP), tiba ya chembe za msingi, na sababu za ukuaji huendeleza uponyaji na urekebishaji wa tishu. Njia hizi zinalenga kutumia mifumo ya asili ya mwili ya uponyaji, kutoa mbadala kwa hali kama vile osteoarthritis na majeraha ya tishu laini. Upasuaji wa Orthopedic Unaosaidiwa na Roboti Upasuaji unaosaidiwa na Roboti umebadili kabisa utaratibu wa upasuaji wa mifupa. Roboti husaidia madaktari wa upasuaji kwa usahihi na udhibiti, zikiongeza usahihi wa kukata mifupa na kuweka viungo. Teknolojia hii ni muhimu hasa katika upasuaji tata, kama vile ujenzi wa viungo, ambapo usawa sahihi ni muhimu kwa matokeo bora. Implants Customized na Personalized Orthopedics Maendeleo katika orthopedics ni pamoja na maendeleo ya implants customized na mipango ya matibabu ya kibinafsi. Teknolojia ya uchapishaji wa 3D inasaidia kuunda vifaa vya kupandikiza vilivyoundwa kulingana na anatomia ya mtu binafsi. Kiwango hiki cha ubadilishaji huboresha kufaa na kazi ya implants, na kusababisha kuridhika bora kwa mgonjwa na mafanikio ya muda mrefu. Orthobiology: Kuongeza uponyaji kutoka ndani Orthobiology, ikiwa ni pamoja na grafts mfupa na vitu vingine vya kibiolojia, kuchangia uponyaji ulioimarishwa kutoka ndani. Vitu hivi huchochea utaratibu wa mwili wa kupona na hutumiwa katika taratibu mbalimbali za upasuaji wa mifupa, kama vile kuunganishwa kwa uti wa mgongo na kurekebisha mifupa. Orthobiologics kucheza jukumu muhimu katika kukuza matokeo ya mafanikio katika uingiliaji orthopedic. Maendeleo katika Upasuaji wa uti wa mgongo Upasuaji wa uti wa mgongo umeona maendeleo makubwa katika mbinu na teknolojia. Upasuaji wa uti wa mgongo usio na uvamizi mdogo hupunguza majeraha ya tishu zinazozunguka, na kusababisha kukaa hospitalini kwa muda mfupi na kupona kwa haraka. Upasuaji wa diski bandia, ubunifu wa kuunganisha uti wa mgongo, na mifumo ya urambazaji huboresha usahihi wa upasuaji wa uti wa mgongo, ukitatua hali mbalimbali za uti wa mgongo. Uingiliaji wa Orthopedic Usio wa Upasuaji Si uingiliaji wote wa orthopedic unaohitaji upasuaji. Mbinu zisizo za upasuaji, kama vile tiba ya kimwili, sindano, na vifungo vya mifupa, ni sehemu muhimu ya utunzaji kamili wa mifupa na misuli. Hatua hizi zinalenga kudhibiti maumivu, kuboresha mwendo, na kuboresha utendaji bila haja ya taratibu za uvamizi. Telemedicine katika Orthopedics: Remote Mashauriano na Follow-ups Ushirikiano wa telemedicine katika orthopedics imepanua upatikanaji wa huduma. Sasa wagonjwa wanaweza kushauriana na wataalamu wa mifupa kwa mbali, kujadili chaguzi za matibabu, na kushiriki katika miadi ya kufuatilia bila haja ya ziara za kibinafsi mara kwa mara. Telemedicine inaboresha urahisi na kuhakikisha utunzaji wa kuendelea kwa watu, haswa wale walio na ubora wa Orthopedic: Utaratibu wa Juu wa Afya ya Pamoja Utaratibu wa Orthopedic una jukumu muhimu katika kuboresha afya ya pamoja na kushughulikia hali ya mifupa. Kutoka upasuaji mdogo wa uvamizi hadi uingizwaji wa viungo vya juu, ubora wa orthopedic unahusisha spectrum ya taratibu za hali ya juu zilizobuniwa kuboresha mwendo na kuboresha ubora wa maisha. Mbinu za Uvamizi wa Kiwango cha Chini kwa Maendeleo ya Usahihi katika Orthopedics yameanzisha enzi ya mbinu za Uvamizi wa Kiwango cha Chini. Utaratibu huo huhusisha upasuaji mdogo, uharibifu mdogo wa tishu, na wakati wa uponyaji wa haraka ikilinganishwa na upasuaji wa kawaida. Mbinu za upasuaji wa chini hutumiwa kwa kawaida katika upasuaji wa arthroscopic kwa hali kama vile mishipa iliyochongwa, majeraha ya cartilage, na uvimbe wa viungo. Upasuaji wa Arthroplasty: Upasuaji wa Arthroplasty, au upasuaji wa kubadilisha viungo, ni utaratibu wa kiuchumi wa upasuaji wa viungo. Hilo huhusisha kubadilisha viungo vilivyoharibiwa kwa viungo bandia ili kurudisha utendaji na kupunguza maumivu. Upasuaji wa kiuno na kiuno ni moja ya matibabu ya kawaida ya arthroplasty, na hutoa faida za kubadilisha maisha kwa watu wanaosumbuliwa na ugonjwa wa arthritis au degeneration ya pamoja. Tiba ya Regenerative katika Orthopedics Tiba ya Regenerative imeibuka kama mpaka wa kuahidi katika orthopedics. Utaratibu kama vile tiba ya plasma yenye platelet (PRP) na sindano za seli za shina unakusudia kuchochea michakato ya asili ya uponyaji wa mwili. Mbinu hizo mpya zinaweza kurekebisha tishu zilizoharibiwa, kuboresha afya ya viungo, na kupunguza uvimbe. Matibabu ya Michezo: Kushughulikia Majeraha ya Michezo Taratibu za Orthopedic ndani ya uwanja wa dawa ya michezo zimeboreshwa kushughulikia majeraha ya kawaida miongoni mwa wanariadha. Utaratibu kama vile ujenzi wa ligament, ukarabati wa meniscus, na matibabu ya tendonitis lengo la kurudisha kazi bora kwa watu wanaohusika katika michezo na shughuli za kimwili. Orthopedics ya dawa za michezo inazingatia kuzuia majeraha na ukarabati. Upasuaji wa uti wa mgongo kwa uadilifu wa muundo Upasuaji wa uti wa mgongo kwa uaminifu wa muundo wa uti wa mgongo unaenea kwa upasuaji wa uti wa mgongo ambao unashughulikia hali zinazoathiri uadilifu wa muundo wa uti wa mgongo. Kuanzia upasuaji wa kuunganisha uti wa mgongo kwa ajili ya utulivu hadi upasuaji wa kuondoa shinikizo kwa ajili ya kuambukizwa kwa neva, upasuaji wa mifupa unakusudiwa kupunguza maumivu ya mgongo, kuboresha mwendo, na kuboresha afya ya jumla ya uti wa mgongo. Mkakati wa Kuhifadhi Pamoja Katika orthopedics, mikakati ya kuhifadhi pamoja inalenga kuchelewesha au kuzuia haja ya upasuaji wa uingizwaji wa pamoja. Mbinu hizo zinatia ndani mbinu kama vile kurekebisha viungo, kupasua mifupa, na kurekebisha makunyanzi. Kwa kuhifadhi sehemu ya kawaida ya fimbo kwa kadiri iwezekanavyo, wataalamu wa upasuaji wa mifupa hujitahidi kupanua maisha ya fimbo hiyo na kudumisha utendaji wake bora. Uingiliaji wa Trauma ya Orthopedic Utaratibu wa Orthopedic una jukumu muhimu katika utunzaji wa majeraha, kushughulikia mifupa, dislocations, na majeraha makubwa kwa mfumo wa misuli na mifupa. Urekebishaji wa kuvunjika, urekebishaji wa nje, na taratibu za udhibiti wa upasuaji ni muhimu kwa kurudisha usawa wa mifupa na kukuza uponyaji baada ya matukio ya kuumiza. Ubunifu katika Robotics na Navigation Ushirikiano wa roboti na teknolojia ya urambazaji ni kubadilisha taratibu za orthopedic. Upasuaji unaosaidiwa na roboti huwapa madaktari wa upasuaji usahihi na usahihi ulioongezwa katika taratibu kama vile uingizwaji wa viungo. Maendeleo hayo ya kiteknolojia huchangia matokeo bora, muda mfupi wa kupona, na mipango ya matibabu ya kibinafsi. Urekebishaji na Matibabu ya Baada ya Upasuaji Ubora wa Orthopedic unaenea zaidi ya chumba cha upasuaji kwa matibabu ya kina na utunzaji wa baada ya upasuaji. Programu za kurekebisha tabia zinategemea kila mgonjwa, zikikazia kurudisha nguvu, kubadilika-badilika, na utendaji. Matibabu ya baada ya upasuaji hutimiza fungu muhimu katika mafanikio ya taratibu za mifupa, kuhakikisha uponyaji laini na afya ya muda mrefu ya viungo. Upasuaji wa Orthopedic ni moja ya matibabu bora zaidi ya afya ya mifupa na misuli ya mwili, na ni muhimu kwa watu wanaosumbuliwa na matatizo ya mifupa na misuli. Kuanzia majeraha hadi magonjwa ya kuharibika kwa viungo, madaktari wa upasuaji wa mifupa wana utaalamu wa kugundua na kutibu matatizo mbalimbali yanayohusu mifupa, viungo, misuli, viungo, na tendoni. Makala hii inachunguza umuhimu wa upasuaji wa mifupa katika kuhakikisha afya bora ya misuli na mifupa. Uchunguzi na Tathmini ya Jumla Madaktari wa upasuaji wa mifupa huanza mchakato wa matibabu kwa uchunguzi na tathmini ya jumla. Kupitia mbinu za hali ya juu za upimaji wa picha kama vile X-ray, MRI, na CT scans, wanapata uelewa wa kina wa hali ya mifupa ya mgonjwa. Tathmini hii ya kina inaruhusu utambulisho sahihi wa masuala ya msingi, kuwezesha maendeleo ya mipango ya matibabu ya kibinafsi. Mara tu utambuzi unapowekwa, madaktari wa upasuaji wa mifupa hutumia njia za matibabu ya pekee zinazolingana na mahitaji ya kila mgonjwa. Uingiliaji usio wa upasuaji, kama vile tiba ya kimwili na dawa, mara nyingi huchunguzwa kama chaguzi za kwanza. Hata hivyo, upasuaji unapohitajika, madaktari wa upasuaji wa mifupa hutumia ustadi wao kufanya upasuaji mbalimbali kuanzia upasuaji wa arthroscopy hadi upasuaji wa kubadilisha viungo. Upasuaji wa kubadilisha viungo ni sehemu muhimu ya matibabu ya mifupa, hasa kwa ajili ya magonjwa kama vile osteoarthritis. Madaktari wa upasuaji hubadilisha viungo vilivyoharibiwa au vilivyoharibika kwa viungo bandia, na hivyo kupunguza maumivu na kurudisha utendaji. Utaratibu huu umeboreshwa sana kwa miaka mingi, na maendeleo katika vifaa na mbinu za upasuaji kusababisha matokeo bora na nyakati za uponyaji wa haraka. Upasuaji wa mifupa una jukumu muhimu katika kushughulikia majeraha yanayohusiana na michezo, kuwahudumia wanariadha katika ngazi mbalimbali. Kutoka viungo vilivyovunjika hadi kuvunjika, majeraha ya michezo yanaweza kuwa na athari kubwa kwa utendaji wa mtu na ustawi wa jumla. Madaktari wa mifupa hufanya kazi kwa karibu na wanariadha kugundua na kutibu majeraha haya, kuwasaidia kupata kazi bora na kurudi kwenye michezo yao. Maendeleo katika teknolojia ya kitiba yamefungua njia kwa ajili ya taratibu za mifupa zisizo na uvamizi mkubwa. Mbinu hizo huhusisha upasuaji mdogo, uharibifu mdogo wa tishu, na wakati wa uponyaji wa haraka ikilinganishwa na upasuaji wa kawaida wa wazi. Wagonjwa wanaopitia taratibu zisizo na upasuaji mara nyingi hupata maumivu na makovu machache baada ya upasuaji huku wakinufaika na kukaa hospitalini kwa muda mfupi. Upasuaji wa Orthopedic: Njia ya Kuboresha Ubora wa Maisha Upasuaji wa Orthopedic huchangia sana kuboresha ubora wa maisha kwa watu wanaoteseka kutokana na hali za misuli na mifupa. Iwe ni kupunguza maumivu ya kudumu, kurudisha mwendo, au kuboresha utendaji wa jumla, uingiliaji wa mifupa umebuniwa ili kukabiliana na mahitaji ya kipekee ya kila mgonjwa. Lengo ni kuwawezesha watu kuishi maisha yenye shughuli nyingi bila maumivu. Katika uwanja wa afya ya misuli na mifupa, upasuaji wa mifupa unasimama kama mwangaza wa matumaini, ukitoa suluhisho sahihi na lenye ufanisi kwa hali nyingi. Ili kujifunza zaidi juu ya upasuaji wa mifupa na athari ya mabadiliko ambayo inaweza kuwa nayo kwa ustawi wako wa misuli na mifupa, tembelea Upasuaji wa mifupa. Kwa kumalizia, upasuaji wa mifupa unabaki kuwa wa kwanza katika maendeleo ya kitiba, ukitoa suluhisho zinazolingana na mahitaji ya watu wanaoshughulika na matatizo ya mifupa na mifupa. Kupitia utambuzi wa kina, njia za matibabu maalum, na maendeleo katika mbinu za upasuaji, madaktari wa upasuaji wa mifupa hutimiza jukumu muhimu katika kurudisha na kuboresha afya ya mifupa ya misuli ya wagonjwa wao. Ikiwa wewe au mtu unayemjua anakabiliwa na ugonjwa wa misuli na mifupa | <urn:uuid:58598b2b-cc73-4990-8f7a-1c1f22e76857> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.dylanmessaging.com/tag/minimally-invasive-surgery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
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Metamaterials are laboratory-made materials that can bend electromagnetic waves unlike any other substance found in nature. On aspect of them is that such materials can bend beams of light in the opposite direction, a property known as negative index of refraction. As different types of metamaterials are created with the aid of computers to simulate and build the nanoscale structure, more applications of metamaterials are realized. They can be used to make miniaturized antennas and communications systems; precise imaging systems in manufacturing, defense, and medicine; as well as being used in military and space applications. Metamaterial cloaking has also been theorized to bend the light around an object to make it invisible.
The concept of these materials is based on electromagnetic waves being affected by interactions with atoms and molecules in nature. On a sub-microscopic scale, specific materials can be altered to affect the behavior of these waves until they act in a way they normally do not. Objects a fraction the size of a light wavelength have been created, making it possible to manipulate electromagnetic waves in a variety of applications. One of the applications of metamaterials is their use in antennas which can be etched onto circuit boards and take up very little space. Miniature devices that utilize antennas are therefore possible, as well as smaller circuits that control broadband frequencies and phase shifting in electronics.
Metamaterials can also be used in imaging systems that operate at resolutions greater than the limits of light wavelength size. The applications of metamaterials in these instances range from increasing the density of small electronic components to precise medical imaging systems as well as inspection devices for manufacturing. Meta-surfaces constructed of electromagnetic wave altering materials are organized so the small-scale geometry affects how the waves move. The substances that they are constructed with don’t have as much of an impact.
Antenna systems and communications electronics in satellites can incorporate metamaterials as well. The payload size is minimized, making it easier to launch a smaller satellite, and less expensive to design and build it. Applications of metamaterials also include smaller security equipment and devices used by the military. Scientists have even applied metamaterials to the theory of cloaking, or bending light so that an object becomes invisible. So far, as of 2011, engineers have been able to cloak one wavelength at a time, but have theorized on applications of metamaterials for improving the performance of wireless devices, memory storage, and optical lenses. | Katika EasyTechJunkie, tumejitolea kutoa habari sahihi, ya kuaminika. Maudhui yetu yaliyoandikwa na wataalamu ni ya kweli-kuchunguzwa kwa ukali na inatokana na mamlaka ya kuaminika. Gundua jinsi tunavyotegemeza viwango vya juu zaidi katika kukupa maarifa ya kuaminika. Metamaterials ni vifaa vilivyotengenezwa katika maabara vinavyoweza kupotosha mawimbi ya umeme tofauti na vitu vingine vinavyopatikana katika asili. "Kama vile, vifaa hivyo vinaweza kugeuza mwangaza wa mwanga kuelekea upande mwingine, jambo linaloitwa ""index negative of refraction.""" Kwa kuwa aina tofauti za metamaterials hutengenezwa kwa msaada wa kompyuta kuiga na kujenga muundo wa nanoscale, matumizi zaidi ya metamaterials yanatambuliwa. Vifaa hivyo vinaweza kutumiwa kutengeneza antena ndogo na mifumo ya mawasiliano; mifumo ya picha sahihi katika viwanda, ulinzi, na dawa; na pia hutumiwa katika matumizi ya kijeshi na ya angani. Pia kuna nadharia kwamba nyenzo za meta-nyenzo zinaweza kugeuza nuru kuzunguka kitu ili kiwe kisichoonekana. Dhana ya vifaa hivi inategemea mawimbi ya umeme kuathiriwa na mwingiliano na atomu na molekuli katika asili. Katika kiwango cha chini ya microscopic, vifaa maalum inaweza kubadilishwa kuathiri tabia ya mawimbi haya mpaka wao kutenda katika njia ambayo wao kawaida hawana. Vitu vyenye ukubwa wa sehemu ndogo ya urefu wa mawimbi ya nuru vimeundwa, na hivyo kufanya iwezekane kutumia mawimbi ya umeme katika matumizi mbalimbali. Matumizi ya metamaterials ni matumizi yao katika antennas ambayo inaweza etched juu ya bodi mzunguko na kuchukua nafasi kidogo sana. Kwa hiyo, vifaa vidogo vinavyotumia antena vinaweza kutengenezwa, na vilevile mifumo midogo inayoweza kudhibiti masafa ya bendi pana na mabadiliko ya awamu katika vifaa vya elektroniki. Metamaterials pia inaweza kutumika katika mifumo ya picha ambayo kufanya kazi katika azimio kubwa kuliko mipaka ya ukubwa wa mawimbi ya mwanga. Matumizi ya metamaterials katika kesi hizi huanzia kuongeza wiani wa vipengele vidogo vya elektroniki hadi mifumo sahihi ya picha ya matibabu na vifaa vya ukaguzi kwa utengenezaji. Meta-upande kujengwa ya umeme mawimbi kubadilisha vifaa ni kupangwa hivyo ndogo-scale jiometri huathiri jinsi mawimbi kusonga. Vitu ambavyo vimejengwa havina athari nyingi. Mifumo ya antenna na vifaa vya elektroniki vya mawasiliano katika satelaiti vinaweza pia kujumuisha metamaterials. Ukubwa wa mzigo ni chini, na kufanya hivyo rahisi kuzindua satellite ndogo, na gharama nafuu ya kubuni na kujenga. Maombi ya metamaterials pia ni pamoja na vifaa vidogo vya usalama na vifaa vinavyotumiwa na jeshi. Wanasayansi hata wametumia vifaa vya hali ya juu katika nadharia ya kuficha, au kupotosha nuru ili kitu kiwe kisichoonekana. Tangu mwaka 2011, wahandisi wamekuwa na uwezo wa kuficha urefu wa wimbi moja kwa wakati, lakini wamekuwa na nadharia juu ya matumizi ya metamaterials kwa kuboresha utendaji wa vifaa vya wireless, kuhifadhi kumbukumbu, na lensi za macho. | <urn:uuid:7f821b11-2843-4e15-acc7-88a1b82d6568> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.easytechjunkie.com/what-are-the-different-applications-of-metamaterials.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
One of the exciting things about the history of electricity is that innovations in the development of electrical equipment often occurred concurrently around the world. As a result, there are some significant differences found among electrical outlets in North America and many countries in Europe. Most of the differences have to do with construction, but some involve the strength of the current that the outlets are constructed to manage.
One of the most immediate differences in electrical outlets around the world have to do with the voltage of the current that is used in various countries. The standard in North America is 110 to 120 volts, while the European standard is 220-240 volts. This necessitates a difference in the way outlets are constructed in Europe and in North America. Understanding the voltage of the current that is supplied by the outlet is very important, as travelers may find that appliances such as hair dryers and small appliances will not work with the electrical outlets.
Along with the different voltage, there is also a difference in the frequency, or cycles per second, of the electric power available in many parts of Europe and in North America. The standard in North America is 60Hz, while the European standard is 50Hz. This means that even if the voltage is compatible, there may still be a problem if the traveler uses an appliance that is not constructed to work with that particular frequency.
Beyond the voltage and frequency of electrical power, there are significant differences in the actual appearance of electrical outlets around the world. The United States and Canada tend to make use of only two versions of outlets. The basic usage outlet accommodates a two-pin construction, with one flat pin slightly larger than the other flat pin. For more heavy duty usage, there is a three prong design that adds a third pin that is rounded in nature.
Various countries in Europe make use of an eclectic blend of two and three pin electrical outlets. The pins may be arranged in just about every combination imaginable. This situation often means that adapters are necessary in order to use appliances that were manufactured in a different country even when the current level and type are compatible. | Moja ya mambo ya kuvutia kuhusu historia ya umeme ni kwamba ubunifu katika maendeleo ya vifaa vya umeme mara nyingi ilitokea wakati huo huo duniani kote. Kwa sababu hiyo, kuna tofauti kubwa kati ya vituo vya umeme katika Amerika Kaskazini na nchi nyingi za Ulaya. Tofauti nyingi zinahusiana na ujenzi, lakini zingine zinahusisha nguvu ya mkondo ambao viwanja vya kuuza vimejengwa kusimamia. Moja ya tofauti za moja kwa moja katika viunganishi vya umeme duniani kote ni voltage ya sasa inayotumiwa katika nchi mbalimbali. Kwa mfano, katika nchi za Ulaya, voltage ya umeme ni volts 110-120 na katika nchi za Ulaya, volts 220-240 ni volts. Hii inahitaji tofauti katika njia maduka ni kujengwa katika Ulaya na katika Amerika ya Kaskazini. Kuelewa voltage ya sasa ambayo ni zinazotolewa na outlet ni muhimu sana, kama wasafiri wanaweza kupata kwamba vifaa kama vile dryers nywele na vifaa vidogo si kazi na outlets umeme. Pamoja na voltage tofauti, kuna pia tofauti katika mzunguko, au mzunguko kwa sekunde, ya nguvu ya umeme inapatikana katika sehemu nyingi za Ulaya na Amerika ya Kaskazini. Kwa mfano, kiwango cha Amerika ya Kaskazini ni 60Hz, na kiwango cha Ulaya ni 50Hz. Hii inamaanisha kwamba hata kama voltage ni sambamba, bado kunaweza kuwa na tatizo kama msafiri anatumia kifaa ambacho hakijengwa kufanya kazi na mzunguko huo maalum. Mbali na voltage na mzunguko wa umeme, kuna tofauti kubwa katika muonekano halisi wa viingilio vya umeme duniani kote. Marekani na Kanada huwa na kutumia matoleo mawili tu ya maduka. msingi matumizi outlet anakaribisha mbili-pin ujenzi, na moja gorofa pin kidogo kubwa kuliko nyingine gorofa pin. Kwa matumizi zaidi nzito, kuna muundo wa pembe tatu ambayo inaongeza pini ya tatu ambayo ni ya mviringo katika asili. Nchi mbalimbali za Ulaya hutumia mchanganyiko wa viunganishi vya umeme vya pini mbili na tatu. Pini hizo zaweza kupangwa katika karibu kila mchanganyiko unaoweza kuwaziwa. Hali hii mara nyingi inamaanisha kwamba adapters ni muhimu ili kutumia vifaa ambavyo vilitengenezwa katika nchi tofauti hata wakati kiwango cha sasa na aina ni sambamba. | <urn:uuid:c2e23bad-c597-40ec-b60c-b9b9d0fd3657> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.easytechjunkie.com/what-is-the-difference-between-american-and-european-electrical-outlets.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Different Types of Generalized Onset Seizures
These seizures affect both sides of the brain or groups of cells on both sides of the brain at the same time. Generalized onset seizures include types such as tonic-clonic, absence, or atonic to name a few.
This type of seizure is what most people think of when they hear the word “seizure.” An older term for this type of seizure is “grand mal.” As implied by the name, they combine the characteristics of tonic and clonic seizures. Tonic means stiffening, and clonic means rhythmical jerking.
- The tonic phase comes first.
- All the muscles stiffen.
- Air being forced past the vocal cords causes a cry or groan.
- The person loses consciousness and falls to the floor.
- A person may bite their tongue or inside of their cheek. If this happens, saliva may look a bit bloody.
- After the tonic phase comes the clonic phase.
- The arms and legs begin to jerk rapidly and rhythmically, bending and relaxing at the elbows, hips, and knees.
- After a few minutes, the jerking slows and stops.
An absence seizure causes a short period of “blanking out” or staring into space. You may have heard it referred to as a “petit mal” seizure. Absence seizures usually affect only a person’s awareness of what is going on at that time.
There are two types of absence seizures that may look a bit different. Both types of seizures are short, and people often don’t notice them at first. They may come and go so quickly that no one notices anything wrong. Someone may mistake them for daydreaming or not paying attention.
- Typical Absence Seizures: These seizures are the most common, and they can be hard to catch as they usually last less than 10 seconds. Someone experiencing a typical absence seizure stops all activity. It may look like they are staring off into space or just has a blank look. There may be some subtle movements like fluttering eyelids or eyes turning upwards.
- Atypical Absence Seizures: These are called atypical because they can last up to 20 seconds, have a slower onset and offset, and have different symptoms. Like a typical absence seizure, it may look like the person is staring into space. Other symptoms include changes in muscle tone, fluttering eyelids or blinking, lip smacking or chewing, and hand motions like rubbing fingers together.
Myoclonic seizures are shock-like muscle jerks or twitches. Usually, myoclonic seizures only last a second or two. There can be just one, but sometimes multiple will occur within a short time.
Even people without epilepsy can experience myoclonus in hiccups or in a sudden jerk that may wake you up as you’re just falling asleep. These things are normal and are not seizures. In epilepsy, myoclonic seizures usually cause abnormal movements on both sides of the body at the same time. They occur in a variety of epilepsy syndromes that have different characteristics:
- Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: The seizures usually involve the neck, shoulders, and upper arms. In many patients, the seizures most often occur soon after waking up. They usually begin around puberty or sometimes in early adulthood. In most cases, these seizures can be well controlled with medication, but it must be continued throughout life. Learn more…
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: This is an uncommon syndrome that usually includes other types of seizures as well. It begins in early childhood. These myoclonic seizures usually involve the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and often the face. They may be quite strong and are difficult to control. Learn more…
- Progressive myoclonic epilepsies: This category of rare genetic syndromes feature a combination of myoclonic seizures and tonic-clonic seizures. Treatment is usually not successful for very long, as the seizures cause damage over time. This may include worsening balance, coordination, and cognitive ability. Learn more…
In an atonic seizure, part or all of the body may suddenly become limp. You may have heard these be called “drop seizures” or drop attacks.” These seizures typically last less than 15 seconds and commonly start in childhood.
When an atonic seizure happens, try your best to make sure the person is in a safe place to prevent injuries and falls. If standing, the person often falls to the ground like a ragdoll and could injure themselves. Head protection, such as a helmet or other protective gear, may be needed. If sitting, their head or upper body may slump over. When the seizure starts in just one side of the brain, only parts of the body may be affected.
In some types of epilepsy (like Lennox-Gastaut or Dravet syndrome), seizures can happen in clusters with two or more at a time. If a person is at risk for seizure clusters, they should talk to their doctor or nurse about ways to treat clusters.
Muscle “tone” is the muscle’s normal tension at rest. In a tonic seizure, the tone is greatly increased: the body, arms, or legs become suddenly stiff or tense. They usually last less than 20 seconds, and a person may be aware during these seizures.
Tonic seizures usually happen during sleep and usually involve all or most of the brain, affecting both sides of the body. If they start in one side of the brain, only a part of the body may stiffen. If they start in both sides of the brain, the whole body may stiffen, and the person can fall. Head protection, such as a helmet or other protective gear, may be needed.
Tonic seizures are more common in people who have Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or other syndromes with mixed seizure types. Similarly, these movements may also be seen in other neurological problems too, especially in children.
It is very important to have a written description or video of what happens during a tonic seizure for a neurologist. For example, tonic seizures start suddenly with forceful movements. Events that start more slowly may be due to another condition.
“Clonus” means fast stiffening and relaxing of a muscle that happens repeatedly. In other words, it is repeated jerking. The movements cannot be stopped by restraining or repositioning the arms or legs. Most often, clonic movements are seen as part of a tonic-clonic seizure. They may affect one or both sides of the body, and they only last a few seconds to 1-2 minutes.
Unlike a myoclonic seizure, the jerking in a clonic seizure is more regular and sustained. Clonic and myoclonic seizures can be difficult to distinguish from one another.
Clonic seizures are rare and most commonly occur in babies. In infants, the clonic seizures are very brief and don’t happen very often. In fact, they could possibly go away on their own in a short period of time. If they do not go away, long-term treatment is necessary. | Aina tofauti za mshtuko wa akili: Mashambulizi haya huathiri pande zote mbili za ubongo au makundi ya seli katika pande zote mbili za ubongo wakati huo huo. Mshtuko wa kawaida hutia ndani aina kama vile tonic-clonic, absence, au atonic ili kutaja chache. Aina hii ya mshtuko ni nini watu wengi kufikiri ya wakati wao kusikia neno <unk> mshtuko.<unk> neno la zamani kwa ajili ya aina hii ya mshtuko ni <unk> grand mal<unk> kama inavyoelezwa na jina, wao kuchanganya sifa ya mshtuko tonic na clonic. Tonic humaanisha kuganda, na clonic humaanisha kutikisa kwa mpangilio. - Awamu ya tonic huja kwanza. - Misuli yote huimarika. - Hewa inayosukumwa kupita kwenye kamba za sauti husababisha kilio au kuugua. - Mtu huyo hupoteza fahamu na kuanguka sakafuni. - Mtu aweza kuuma ulimi wake au ndani ya shavu lake. Ikiwa hilo litatokea, mate yanaweza kuonekana kuwa na damu. - Baada ya hatua ya tonic huja hatua ya clonic. - Mikono na miguu huanza kutikisika haraka na kwa mpangilio, ikikunjika na kupumzika kwenye mikono, viuno, na magoti. - Baada ya dakika chache, mshtuko huo hupungua na kukoma. Mshtuko wa kutokuwepo husababisha kipindi kifupi cha "kupoteza fahamu" au kutazama nje. Huenda umesikia ikitajwa kuwa mshtuko wa "petit mal". Kwa kawaida mshtuko wa kutokuwepo huathiri tu ufahamu wa mtu wa kile kinachotokea wakati huo. Kuna aina mbili za mshtuko wa kukosa utunzaji ambao unaweza kuonekana tofauti. Aina zote mbili za mshtuko ni za muda mfupi, na mara nyingi watu hawawaoni mwanzoni. Huenda wakaja na kuondoka upesi sana hivi kwamba hakuna mtu atakayegundua jambo lolote baya. Mtu fulani aweza kuwafikiria kimakosa kuwa wanaota ndoto za mchana au hawaangalii. Mshtuko wa kutokuwepo: Mshtuko huu ni wa kawaida na unaweza kuwa mgumu kukamata kwani kwa kawaida huchukua chini ya sekunde 10. Mtu anayepatwa na mshtuko wa kawaida wa kutokuwepo huacha utendaji wote. Huenda ikaonekana kana kwamba wanatazama nje angani au wanatazama tu bila kuona chochote. Huenda kukawa na harakati fulani zisizo za kawaida kama vile kutikisa paji la macho au macho kuelekeza juu. Matatizo haya ya kutokuwa na kawaida (atypical absence seizures) ni ya kawaida kwa sababu yanaweza kuendelea kwa sekunde 20, na huanza na kuisha polepole na kuwa na dalili tofauti. Kama vile mshtuko wa kawaida wa kutokuwepo, huenda ikaonekana kana kwamba mtu huyo anatazama nje. Dalili nyingine ni mabadiliko katika sauti ya misuli, kutikisa kwa macho au kupiga macho, kupiga midomo au kutafuna, na kufanya harakati za mikono kama vile kutikisa vidole pamoja. Mshtuko wa misuli unaitwa myoclonic seizures na ni mshtuko unaofanana na mshtuko wa misuli. Kwa kawaida, mshtuko wa moyo huendelea kwa sekunde moja au mbili tu. Kunaweza kuwa na moja tu, lakini nyakati nyingine nyingi zitafanyika ndani ya muda mfupi. Hata watu wasio na kifafa wanaweza kupata myoclonus katika hiccups au katika jerk ghafla ambayo inaweza kuamsha wewe kama wewe ni tu kuanguka usingizi. Mambo hayo ni ya kawaida na si mshtuko wa akili. Katika kifafa, mshtuko wa moyo kwa kawaida husababisha miendo isiyo ya kawaida pande zote mbili za mwili wakati uleule. Mshtuko wa kifafa (juvenile myoclonic epilepsy) ni ugonjwa wa kifafa unaosababishwa na sehemu za juu za mikono, shingo na viungo vya mwili. Katika wagonjwa wengi, mara nyingi mshtuko huo hutokea muda mfupi baada ya kuamka. Kwa kawaida huanza karibu na umri wa kubalehe au nyakati nyingine katika umri wa mapema wa watu wazima. Katika visa vingi, mshtuko huo waweza kudhibitiwa vizuri kwa kutumia dawa, lakini lazima uendelee maisha yote. Jifunze zaidi... - Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Hii ni ugonjwa usio wa kawaida ambao kwa kawaida hutia ndani aina nyingine za mshtuko pia. Inaanza katika utoto wa mapema. Kwa kawaida mshtuko huo huathiri shingo, mabega, mikono, na mara nyingi uso. Huenda zikawa zenye nguvu sana na ni vigumu kuzidhibiti. Jibu: Myoclonic epilepsy ni ugonjwa wa kiini unaosababishwa na ugonjwa wa kiini unaosababishwa na ugonjwa wa kiini. Kwa kawaida matibabu hayafanyi kazi kwa muda mrefu, kwa kuwa mshtuko huo husababisha uharibifu baada ya muda. Hilo laweza kutia ndani kudhoofika kwa usawaziko, utaratibu, na uwezo wa utambuzi. Jibu: Katika mshtuko wa atonia, sehemu ya mwili au mwili wote waweza kuwa dhaifu ghafula. "Hii inaweza kuwa ""drop seizures"" au ""drop attacks"" ambayo huanza wakati wa utotoni." Wakati wa mshtuko wa atonia, jaribu kuhakikisha kwamba mtu huyo yuko mahali salama ili kuzuia majeraha na kuanguka. Ikiwa amesimama, mara nyingi mtu huyo huanguka ardhini kama mwanasesere na anaweza kujeruhiwa. Huenda ikawa lazima uvae kofia ya chuma au vifaa vingine vya kujilinda. Wakiketi, kichwa chao au sehemu ya juu ya mwili wao yaweza kuanguka. Wakati mshtuko huo unapoanza upande mmoja tu wa ubongo, huenda sehemu fulani tu za mwili zikaathiriwa. Katika aina fulani za kifafa (kama vile Lennox-Gastaut au Dravet syndrome), mashambulizi yanaweza kutokea katika makundi na mawili au zaidi kwa wakati mmoja. Ikiwa mtu yuko katika hatari ya kupatwa na makundi ya mshtuko, wanapaswa kuzungumza na daktari wao au muuguzi kuhusu njia za kutibu makundi. Misuli <unk>tone<unk> ni misuli ya kawaida mvutano katika mapumziko. Katika mshtuko wa kiakili, sauti huongezeka sana: mwili, mikono, au miguu huwa migumu au yenye mkazo ghafula. Kwa kawaida, mapigo hayo huchukua muda mfupi kuliko sekunde 20, na mtu anaweza kuwa na ufahamu wakati wa mapigo hayo. Matatizo ya tonic hutokea wakati wa usingizi na kwa kawaida huathiri sehemu zote za ubongo, na kuathiri pande zote mbili za mwili. Ikiwa huanza upande mmoja wa ubongo, sehemu moja tu ya mwili yaweza kuwa ngumu. Ikiwa huanza katika pande zote mbili za ubongo, mwili wote waweza kuwa mgumu, na mtu aweza kuanguka. Huenda ikawa lazima uvae kofia ya chuma au vifaa vingine vya kujilinda. Matatizo ya kifafa ni ya kawaida kwa watu walio na ugonjwa wa Lennox-Gastaut au magonjwa mengine yenye aina mbalimbali za matatizo. Vivyo hivyo, harakati hizo zaweza kuonekana pia katika matatizo mengine ya neva, hasa kwa watoto. Ni muhimu sana kuwa na maelezo ya maandishi au video ya kile kinachotokea wakati wa mshtuko wa tonic kwa mtaalamu wa neva. Kwa mfano, mshtuko wa kiakili huanza ghafula kwa kufanya harakati zenye nguvu. Matukio yanayoanza polepole zaidi yaweza kuwa yanasababishwa na hali nyingine. "Clonus" humaanisha kuganda haraka na kupumzika kwa misuli ambayo hutokea mara kwa mara. Kwa maneno mengine, ni kurudia-rudia-rudia. Harakati hizo haziwezi kukomeshwa kwa kuzuia au kubadilisha msimamo wa mikono au miguu. Mara nyingi, harakati za kloni huonwa kuwa sehemu ya mshtuko wa tonic-clonic. Inaweza kuathiri sehemu moja au zote mbili za mwili na huchukua dakika chache tu. Tofauti na mshtuko wa moyo, mshtuko wa moyo katika mshtuko wa moyo ni wa kawaida na wa kudumu. Huenda ikawa vigumu kutofautisha mshtuko wa kifafa na mshtuko wa kifafa. Matatizo ya clonic ni nadra na hutokea kwa kawaida kwa watoto wachanga. Katika watoto wachanga, mshtuko wa clonic ni mfupi sana na hautokea mara nyingi sana. Kwa kweli, huenda zikaondoka zenyewe kwa muda mfupi. Ikiwa hazitoweki, matibabu ya muda mrefu ni muhimu. | <urn:uuid:a2c1cf02-5937-44a4-baec-6f3f9c6788ec> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.eftx.org/generalized-onset-seizures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Understanding an Air Quality Alert
Do you ever go outside and find it more difficult to breathe? In these situations, cities might put out an air quality alert when it could be dangerous to be outside. Here’s a guide to help you understand what the different air quality alerts mean and what to avoid doing during one.
Types of Air Pollution
Air quality alerts come from things that contribute to pollution, including:
- Ground Level Ozone: The most common cause of air pollution involves pollutants like industrial fumes and car exhaust mixing with oxygen. It decreases air quality and can result in respiratory issues.
- Particle Pollution (Particulate Matter): Particles in the air that act as pollutants and can be hazardous. Often caused by chemical processes, this pollution usually occurs in hot/humid temperatures.
- Carbon Monoxide: In cooler conditions, this odorless, colorless gas is released when carbon fuels do not thoroughly burn. This type of pollution is highly toxic and can result in death.
- Sulfur Dioxide: Found near large industrial complexes, this colorless gas can cause difficulty in breathing.
- Nitrogen Dioxide: When nitrogen and oxygen mix, this polluted gas can create respiratory problems or infections.
Air Quality Index (AQI)
The AQI indicates the different air quality levels, and various colors are used to distinguish the population’s risk level.
- Green: Good quality air with little to no risk.
- Yellow: While this quality is still acceptable for most, people who are very sensitive to air pollution may be impacted.
- Orange: Most of the population will not be impacted, but sensitive groups such as the elderly or those with breathing conditions should avoid staying outside.
- Red: The general population may start feeling health effects and sensitive groups are at serious risk.
- Purple: There is a risk for everyone, and the air quality is unhealthy.
- Maroon: Air quality is hazardous, and an emergency state is put in place.
While color codes Purple & Maroon are very uncommon, lower impacts on air quality are frequently seen. For example, this week, The National Weather Service issued an orange air quality advisory for parts of Northeast Ohio, urging sensitive groups to stay inside.
Things to Avoid During an Air Quality Alert
- Try walking or biking instead of driving a car.
- Avoid extended idling in the car.
- Conserve electricity.
- Avoid mowing your lawn during an alert.
- If you need gas, pump after sundown.
- Avoid using a wood stove or fireplace.
- Do not burn trash, leaves, etc.
- Skip the strenuous activities during an alert.
Click HERE to check out the current air quality in your area! | Kuelewa Alert ya Ubora wa Hewa Je, umewahi kwenda nje na kupata vigumu zaidi kupumua? Katika hali kama hizo, majiji yanaweza kutoa onyo la ubora wa hewa wakati inaweza kuwa hatari kuwa nje. Hapa ni mwongozo wa kukusaidia kuelewa nini tahadhari tofauti za ubora wa hewa zinamaanisha na nini cha kuepuka kufanya wakati wa moja. Aina za uchafuzi wa hewa Alerts ubora wa hewa hutoka kwa mambo ambayo kuchangia uchafuzi, ikiwa ni pamoja na: Ozoni ya ngazi ya ardhi: Sababu ya kawaida ya uchafuzi wa hewa inahusisha uchafuzi kama moshi wa viwanda na kutolea nje ya gari kuchanganya na oksijeni. Inapunguza ubora wa hewa na inaweza kusababisha matatizo ya kupumua. - Particulate Pollution (Particulate Matter): Chembe katika hewa ambayo kutenda kama uchafuzi na inaweza kuwa hatari. Mara nyingi husababishwa na michakato ya kemikali, uchafuzi huu kwa kawaida hutokea katika joto la joto / unyevu. - Kaboni monoksidi: Katika hali baridi, gesi hii isiyo na harufu, isiyo na rangi hutolewa wakati mafuta ya kaboni hayakuwaka kabisa. Aina hii ya uchafuzi ni yenye sumu sana na yaweza kusababisha kifo. - Sulfur Dioxide: Inapatikana karibu na majengo makubwa ya viwanda, gesi hii isiyo na rangi inaweza kusababisha ugumu wa kupumua. - Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrojeni na oksijeni zinapochanganyika, gesi hii iliyochafuliwa yaweza kusababisha matatizo ya kupumua au maambukizo. Kiwango cha ubora wa hewa (AQI) ni kiwango cha ubora wa hewa ambacho kinatoa alama za ubora wa hewa na viwango vya hatari kwa watu. - Kijani: Hewa ya ubora mzuri na hatari ndogo au hakuna. - Njano: Ingawa ubora huu bado unakubaliwa na wengi, watu ambao ni nyeti sana kwa uchafuzi wa hewa wanaweza kuathiriwa. - Orange: Idadi kubwa ya watu haitaathiriwa, lakini vikundi nyeti kama vile wazee au wale walio na hali ya kupumua wanapaswa kuepuka kukaa nje. - Red: Idadi ya watu kwa ujumla inaweza kuanza kuhisi athari za afya na makundi nyeti ni katika hatari kubwa. - Zambarau: Kuna hatari kwa kila mtu, na ubora wa hewa si mzuri kwa afya. - Maroon: Ubora wa hewa ni hatari, na hali ya dharura ni kuweka katika mahali. Wakati nambari za rangi Purple & Maroon ni nadra sana, athari za chini juu ya ubora wa hewa huonekana mara nyingi. Huduma ya Hali ya Hewa ya Kitaifa (NWS) imetangaza ushauri wa rangi ya machungwa kwa sehemu za kaskazini mashariki mwa Ohio, ikiwahimiza watu walio katika hatari ya kuanguka ndani ya nyumba. Vitu vya Kuepuka Wakati wa Onyo la Ubora wa Hewa - Jaribu kutembea au kuendesha baiskeli badala ya kuendesha gari. - Epuka kukaa kwa muda mrefu ndani ya gari. - Kuokoa umeme. - Epuka kukata nyasi yako wakati wa tahadhari. - Ikiwa unahitaji mafuta, pampu baada ya machweo. - Epuka kutumia jiko la kuni au jiko la moto. - Usichome takwimu, majani, nk. - Epuka shughuli zenye kuchosha wakati wa tahadhari. Bonyeza hapa ili kuangalia ubora wa hewa ya sasa katika eneo lako! | <urn:uuid:3f579a19-f999-4469-a943-e78b5d767f88> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.elkandelk.com/understanding-an-air-quality-alert/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Statement of Purpose, also abbreviated as SOP. Without submitting this document, an application to graduate school or any other academic institution will not be considered complete. The SOP is a formal statement that candidates must submit with their application. It provides information on the candidates’ educational and professional backgrounds, as well as their reasons for wanting to participate in the programme. The purpose of SOP is to assist the admissions committee in recognising the applicant’s qualities and sharing the applicant’s passion for the school. It is an opportunity for the candidate to promote themselves and describe their objectives for participation in the programme.
The statement of purpose (SOP) must fulfil its primary purpose, highlighting the applicant’s writing abilities while concentrating on their academic and professional goals in a condensed format. In addition to that, the applicant’s writing and communication abilities should be demonstrated clearly. Having a statement of purpose that has been thoughtfully crafted can considerably boost the applicant’s chances of getting into their school of choice. However, if you’re struggling with writing your SOP, you can also seek assistance from companies like Essaywritinghelp. ae Such companies provide SOP writing services to help their customers have the best SOP that aligns well with their interests. However, if you’re still skeptical about developing your SOP, thinking it’s not important, here are a few major points you need to remember about the importance of this document.
Importance of SOP:
- Asserting the importance of a statement of purpose, SOP writing services assert that this document can help the applicant demonstrate their interest in the programme and dedication to their studies and future career.
- Successful applicants use the SOP to emphasise their academic and professional accomplishments and explain how they have been prepared for the program. However, if you struggle, you can get help from SOP writing services.
- The SOP allows the applicant to show off his or her writing and communication talents.
- A well-written SOP can prove that the applicant is a suitable match for the program and has a firm grasp on its aims and objectives.
- According to known SOP writing services, a definitive statement of purpose has the potential to make up for deficiencies in other parts of the application, such as average grades or test results.
- Ability to express oneself in writing. If you still think it is difficult for you to express yourself through SOP, you can get help from SOP writing services.
Overall it can be said that statement of purpose is a critical piece of paperwork that can significantly impact your admissions odds. It’s an opportunity to highlight why you’d be a good addition to the programme, how serious you are about it, and how well you fit in with the other applicants.
Seek help from Professional SOP writing services
If you are having trouble crafting a captivating and effective Statement of Purpose for your application to graduate school, consider hiring a professional SOP writer for assistance. These services provide expert and experience, as the experienced writers have extensive knowledge of what constitutes an effective SOP.
An individual’s SOP will be tailored to them once they’ve worked with them to gain insight into their history, experiences, and professional aspirations. The final result is error-free, conforms to the application’s specifications, and is guaranteed by the quality assurance portion of these services. In addition to improving your chances of being accepted into the school, a professional SOP writing service will help you save time and minimise stress.
For further assistance regarding SOP writing, contact essaywritinghelp.ae! | Taarifa ya Lengo, pia kifupi kama SOP. Bila kuwasilisha hati hii, maombi ya shule ya kuhitimu au taasisi nyingine yoyote ya kitaaluma haitazingatiwa kuwa kamili. SOP ni taarifa rasmi ambayo wagombea lazima kuwasilisha na maombi yao. Inatoa habari juu ya elimu ya wagombea na asili ya kitaaluma, pamoja na sababu zao za kutaka kushiriki katika programu. SOP ni muhimu kwa ajili ya kuamua sifa za mwombaji na kuelezea shauku ya mwombaji kwa shule. Ni fursa kwa mgombea kujitangaza na kuelezea malengo yao ya kushiriki katika programu. Taarifa ya kusudi (SOP) lazima kutimiza lengo lake la msingi, kuonyesha uwezo wa mwandishi wa mwombaji wakati wa kuzingatia malengo yao ya kitaaluma na ya kitaaluma katika muundo wa mkali. Kwa kuongezea, uwezo wa mwombaji wa kuandika na mawasiliano unapaswa kuonyeshwa wazi. Kuwa na taarifa ya kusudi ambayo imekuwa thoughtfully crafted inaweza kwa kiasi kikubwa kuongeza nafasi ya mwombaji ya kupata katika shule yao ya uchaguzi. Hata hivyo, kama wewe ni kupambana na kuandika SOP yako, unaweza pia kutafuta msaada kutoka kwa makampuni kama Essaywritinghelp. Kampuni hizi hutoa huduma za kuandika SOP kusaidia wateja wao kuwa na SOP bora ambayo inalingana vizuri na maslahi yao. Hata hivyo, kama bado ni mashaka kuhusu kuendeleza SOP yako, kufikiri si muhimu, hapa ni pointi chache kuu unahitaji kukumbuka kuhusu umuhimu wa hati hii. SOP: Kuelezea umuhimu wa taarifa ya kusudi, huduma za uandishi wa SOP zinadai kwamba hati hii inaweza kusaidia mwombaji kuonyesha nia yao katika programu na kujitolea kwa masomo yao na kazi ya baadaye. - Waombaji waliofanikiwa hutumia SOP kusisitiza mafanikio yao ya kitaaluma na ya kitaaluma na kuelezea jinsi wamejitayarisha kwa programu. Ikiwa una shida, unaweza kupata msaada kutoka kwa huduma za kuandika SOP. SOP inatoa nafasi kwa waombaji kuonyesha uwezo wao wa kuandika na kuwasiliana. SOP iliyoandikwa vizuri inaweza kuthibitisha kwamba mwombaji ni mechi inayofaa kwa programu na ina ufahamu thabiti juu ya malengo na malengo yake. Kulingana na huduma za kuandika SOP zinazojulikana, taarifa ya mwisho ya kusudi ina uwezo wa kukamilisha mapungufu katika sehemu nyingine za maombi, kama vile alama za wastani au matokeo ya mtihani. - Uwezo wa kujieleza kwa maandishi. Ikiwa bado unaona ni vigumu kujieleza kupitia SOP, unaweza kupata msaada kutoka kwa huduma za kuandika SOP. Kwa ujumla, taarifa ya kusudi ni kipande muhimu cha karatasi ambayo inaweza kwa kiasi kikubwa kuathiri uwezekano wako wa uandikishaji. Ni fursa ya kuonyesha kwa nini wewe kuwa ni ziada nzuri kwa mpango, jinsi wewe ni mbaya kuhusu hilo, na jinsi vizuri wewe fit katika na waombaji wengine. Kwa msaada wa wataalamu wa SOP, unaweza kuunda taarifa ya kusudi ya kuvutia na yenye ufanisi kwa maombi yako ya kuhitimu shule. Huduma hizi hutoa utaalam na uzoefu, kama waandishi wenye uzoefu wana ujuzi mkubwa wa nini hufanya SOP ufanisi. SOP ya mtu binafsi itafanywa kwa ajili yao mara tu watakapofanya kazi nao ili kupata ufahamu wa historia yao, uzoefu, na matakwa ya kitaaluma. Matokeo ya mwisho ni makosa-free, inalingana na maombi ya vipimo, na ni uhakika na sehemu ya uhakika wa ubora wa huduma hizi. Kwa kuongezea kuongeza nafasi yako ya kuandikishwa, huduma ya kitaalamu ya kuandika SOP itakusaidia kuokoa muda na kupunguza mkazo. Kwa msaada zaidi kuhusu kuandika SOP, wasiliana essaywritinghelp.ae! | <urn:uuid:b7ac009e-336e-444b-9540-79c090df7c40> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.essaywritinghelp.ae/blog/why-is-an-sop-important/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
The Electronic Reporting and Monitoring (ERM) programme is a new programme that consists of two activities;
1. Electronic Reporting (ER)
Electronic Reporting (ER) is the daily recording of fishing activities including catch by fishing vessels captains and fishing masters on Industry ifims Android apps while at sea, and send to MFMR PNA Fisheries Integrated Management System (FIMS) Online Database system via Satellite and Internet Broadband connections.
MFMR Electronic Reporting programme also covers observers e-reporting, where Solomon Islands observers are trained on an ifims electronic Observer app to record vessels daily catch and fishing activities while at sea and send to MFMR PNA FIMS Online database.
Summary poster of ER
ER documents and reports
2. Electronic Monitoring (EM)
Electronic Monitoring (EM) is the use of electronic means to independently collect fisheries data and support verification of reporting and compliance.
An EM system usually consists of wide-angle digital cameras, a GPS receiver, gear usage sensors, storage and processing devices, and a display screen. The sensors can collect data about locations and when fishing gear is being used. The cameras record imagery that can be analysed to determine the effort (number of sets, hooks or baskets), the total catch and other noticeable events (e.g. transhipments and crew behaviours).
The Data from sensors can be sent in near real time, speeding up fisheries management decisions.
E-Monitoring is being used to increase monitoring in the longline fishery and to support observer functions and safety on purse seine boats. The EM data can be collected for both science and compliance purposes on the target species being fished, the bycatch and discarding events of non-target species or endangered, threatened and protected species as well as the gear being used.
Summary poster of EM:
EM documents and reports
Benefits of E-Monitoring;
- 24/7 monitoring of a vessels fishing activity
- Fast, with near real-time verification of fishing activity
- Cost effective tool to enhance monitoring and verify what is caught and reported by fishers
- Compliments existing Observer programme with increased coverage in longline fisheries
- More reliable data supports improved assessment of stock status and better catch data
- Promotes responsible fishing and accurate reporting by crews
- Improved safety of operations on vessel.
ERM summary poster: erm summary poster | Programu ya Uwasilishaji wa Elektroniki na Ufuatiliaji (ERM) ni mpango mpya ambao una shughuli mbili: Uandishi wa habari wa elektroniki (ER) ni rekodi ya kila siku ya shughuli za uvuvi, pamoja na uvuvi wa meli za uvuvi, na uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa uvuvi. Mfumo wa Uandishi wa Habari wa Elektroniki wa MFIR pia unashughulikia ripoti za elektroniki za waangalizi, ambapo waangalizi wa Visiwa vya Solomon wamefundishwa kwenye programu ya kielektroniki ya Ifims ya Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi wa Uangalizi. Picha ya muhtasari wa hati na ripoti za ER Ufuatiliaji wa elektroniki (EM) ni matumizi ya njia za elektroniki kwa ajili ya kukusanya data za uvuvi na kusaidia uthibitisho wa kuripoti na kufuata. EM-Systems ni pamoja na kamera za dijiti za pembe pana, GPS, sensorer za matumizi ya gear, vifaa vya kuhifadhi na usindikaji, na skrini ya kuonyesha. Sensorer zinaweza kukusanya data kuhusu maeneo na wakati vifaa vya uvuvi vinatumiwa. Kamera hizo huonyesha picha ambazo zinaweza kuchambuliwa ili kuamua juhudi (idadi ya seti, hooks au vikapu), jumla ya samaki na matukio mengine yanayoonekana (kwa mfano, Transshipment na tabia ya wafanyakazi Takwimu kutoka kwa sensorer zinaweza kutumwa karibu na wakati halisi, kuharakisha maamuzi ya usimamizi wa uvuvi. E-Ufuatiliaji ni kutumika kwa kuongeza ufuatiliaji katika uvuvi wa longline na kusaidia kazi ya mtazamaji na usalama juu ya mashua za mkoba. Takwimu za EM zinaweza kukusanywa kwa madhumuni ya kisayansi na ya kufuata juu ya spishi za lengo zinazovuliwa, matukio ya kuvua na kutupwa kwa spishi zisizo za lengo au spishi zilizo hatarini, zilizoathiriwa na kuhifadhiwa, na vile vile vifaa vinavyotumika. "Mfano wa ""Ufuatiliaji wa E-Safari"" ni ufuatiliaji wa shughuli za uvuvi za meli za baharini, na ""Ufuatiliaji wa uvuvi wa uvuvi wa baharini"" ni ufuatiliaji wa uvuvi wa baharini, na ""Ufuatiliaji wa uvuvi wa baharini"" ni ufuatiliaji wa uvuvi wa baharini." Picha ya Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo wa Mfumo | <urn:uuid:22d2b839-3079-43aa-82d0-4bb78cdab0ac> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.fisheries.gov.sb/divisions/offshore/offshore-electronic-reporting-and-monitoring-programme | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Flinto supports drawing vector rectangles and ovals. Freeform vector shapes are also supported using the vector tool.
Advantages of vector shapes versus bitmap images
- Vector shapes remain crisp when scaled or rotated.
- Vector shapes have several properties that can be animated such as
- Control point position
- Drop shadow
- Border width and completion
- Fill color
- Corner radius
Ways to draw a vector shape layers
- Use the insert menu in the toolbar and choose Rectangle, or Oval then click and drag on a screen.
- Press the “r” shortcut for rectangle or the “o” shortcut for oval, then click and drag on a screen.
- Import vector shapes from Sketch using the Send to Flinto Sketch plugin.
Editing vector shape layer properties
With a vector shape layer selected, there are several properties that can be edited in the inspector such as fill, border, shadow and radius. Most properties can be animated in the Transition Designer and Behavior Designer.
- Radius: Size of rounded corners on the shape
- Fill: Fill color and opacity
- Border: Border color and opacity
- Position: Where to draw the border
- Style: Creates a dashed border. The first value is the lenght of the dashes, the second is the length of the space following it. The fourth and fifth values specify the lenght of the second dash, and space following it, then the first dash is repeated.
- Cap: The shape and position of the end of any open paths
- Join: The shape of the any sharp corners on the shape
- Start: The shape of the any sharp corners on the shape
- Start and End: The percent of the border to show starting from the beginning or end | Flinto inasaidia kuchora vector mstatili na ovals. Freeform vector maumbo pia ni mkono kwa kutumia chombo vector. Faida za vector maumbo dhidi ya picha bitmap - Vector maumbo kubaki crisp wakati scaled au rotated. Vector umbo ni moja ya vipengele vya vektor, kama vile: Msimamo wa hatua ya kudhibiti, kivuli cha kutupa, upana wa mpaka na kukamilika, rangi ya kujaza, radius ya kona, njia za kuchora tabaka za umbo la vektor, kutumia menyu ya kuingiza kwenye ubao wa zana na kuchagua Rectangle au Oval, kisha bonyeza na kuvuta kwenye skrini. - Bonyeza <unk>r<unk> njia ya mkato kwa mstatili au <unk>o<unk> njia ya mkato kwa oval, kisha bonyeza na kuvuta kwenye skrini. - Uagizaji vector maumbo kutoka Sketch kwa kutumia Kutuma kwa Flinto Sketch plugin. Kuhariri mali ya safu ya umbo la vector Kwa safu ya umbo la vector iliyochaguliwa, kuna mali kadhaa ambazo zinaweza kuhaririwa katika mkaguzi kama vile kujaza, mpaka, kivuli na radius. Mali zaidi inaweza kuwa animated katika Transition Designer na Behavior Designer. - Radius: Ukubwa wa pembe rounded juu ya umbo - Jaza: Jaza rangi na opacity - Border: Border rangi na opacity - Nafasi: Ambapo kuchora mpaka - Style: Inaunda mpaka dashed. Thamani ya kwanza ni urefu wa dashes, pili ni urefu wa nafasi kufuatia yake. Thamani ya nne na ya tano hufafanua urefu wa dash ya pili, na nafasi inayofuata, kisha dash ya kwanza inarudiwa. - Cap: Umbo na nafasi ya mwisho wa njia yoyote wazi - Kujiunga: Umbo la kona yoyote mkali juu ya umbo - Anza: Umbo la kona yoyote mkali juu ya umbo - Anza na Mwisho: Asilimia ya mpaka kuonyesha kuanzia mwanzo au mwisho | <urn:uuid:fbf8fc7b-e4af-4380-9ba9-9a9a6777a6a2> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.flinto.com/learn/draw-shapes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Billions for EHRs Mask Physician IT Progress
By Art Papier, MD
A 3-year-old child presented with a sore throat to a South Carolina emergency department (ED). She had a positive triage strep test and was sent to the ED “walk-in clinic.” William Finn, MD, was about to complete a 12-hour shift on the acute side of the ED and stopped in to make sure the child was ready for discharge. Though the test for strep throat was positive, Finn became concerned when the mother pointed out small purple skin lesions. Finn did not recall purple skin lesions to be consistent with strep throat.
He quickly referenced online diagnostic software that confirmed strep as unlikely. The software prompted the physician to consider meningococcemia, a life-threatening infection. Blood cultures were drawn and intravenous antibiotics were begun. Finn, noting the child’s rapidly worsening condition, had her immediately transferred to the tertiary children’s hospital. Blood cultures subsequently confirmed meningococcemia. Unlike most children with meningococcemia, an infection with a survival rate of 10% in children and a treatment that can take months if not diagnosed immediately, this child walked out of the hospital one week later.
If you are over the age of 50, it’s difficult to imagine Robert Young—the ever-reassuring Dr. Marcus Welby of 1960s and ‘70s television—using a computer or PDA to research a diagnosis. If you are under 40, it is difficult to understand why your doctor would not be using a computer as Finn does. Fifty years ago, physicians were thought to be omniscient, and the idea that they would need help in their thinking by opening even a medical book in front of the patient just did not jibe with the image doctors had of themselves and the confidence the patients had in them.
So when we spin the clock forward and consider the fact that a majority of patients use the Internet before and after a doctor’s visit and, for the current generation of medical students, computer use is second nature, we are challenged to reflect on this transition from the days of Marcus Welby to today’s physicians using computers to help them think. People in all walks of life and professions use computers, and they seem to be collectively wondering why, in many cases, physician computer use ends with patient scheduling and billing. But does it really?
The exciting, but not widely appreciated, news is that while only 15% of physicians use an EHR, a majority use their computers or handheld devices in their daily workflow for clinical decisions, such as medication dosing and interactions.
Yet the recent passage of the American Recovery & Reinvestment Act stimulus legislation, with $17 billion in incentives to promote adoption of electronic records by physicians, has been misinterpreted by some to indicate physician resistance to computers and modernization. The needed emphasis on computerizing the medical record may have an unintended consequence of setting us up to miss a near-term opportunity to expand physician IT use to address high-impact areas such as diagnostic delay, a leading cause of patient injury and increased costs.
While many doctors now prefer to resource medical knowledge electronically, some of the very same physicians dread the idea of computerized record keeping for a simple reason: It slows them down. Imagine two scenarios that are certainly occurring in medical practices today: In the first, a doctor quickly references computer-based medical knowledge to correctly diagnose the patient and then records that accurate diagnosis in a paper chart; in the second, the doctor uses an EHR to chart an erroneous diagnosis and an inappropriate treatment that he or she arrived at from memory. Which would you prefer if you were the patient?
Ultimately, universal, seamless use of an EHR with embedded clinical decision-support tools to improve accuracy, reduce errors, and increase safety will occur. Policy makers are taking purposeful steps now to achieve widespread use within five to 10 years. In the short term, an immediate parallel effort to expand the use of relatively low-cost Internet or handheld-based clinical decision support technologies will promote and spread the diagnostic and patient care efficiencies demonstrated by Finn and similar “leading-edge” physicians.
When the medical record industry finally turns to integrating meaningful decision support, vendors will be faced with doctors wondering what took them so long. Policy makers should encourage, fund, and spread this best practice now rather than wait for the EHR to be the only technology vehicle for improving care and lowering costs.
— Art Papier, MD, is an associate professor of dermatology and medical informatics at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry in New York and the chief scientific officer for Logical Images. | Miongoni mwa watu waliohusika katika tukio hilo ni daktari wa masks, Art Papier, ambaye amemweleza mtoto mwenye umri wa miaka mitatu kuwa anaugua na anaugua shingo katika kituo cha dharura cha jimbo la South Carolina. "Mwanamke huyo alipata matokeo mazuri ya mtihani wa Strep na kupelekwa kwenye kliniki ya ""walk-in"" ya ED, ambapo William Finn, MD, alikuwa karibu kumaliza zamu ya saa 12 katika sehemu ya ""acute"" ya ED na akajitahidi kuhakikisha mtoto alikuwa tayari kuachiliwa." Ingawa mtihani wa ugonjwa wa koo ulikuwa na matokeo mazuri, Finn alijali mama huyo alipokazia majeraha madogo ya ngozi yenye rangi ya zambarau. Finn hakukumbuka kwamba vidonda vya ngozi vya rangi ya zambarau vilikuwa vinafanana na ugonjwa wa koo. Alielekeza haraka programu ya uchunguzi ya mtandaoni ambayo ilithibitisha kwamba ugonjwa wa strep ilikuwa haiwezekani. Programu hiyo ilimchochea daktari huyo afikirie ugonjwa wa meningococcemia, ambao ni ugonjwa unaohatarisha uhai. Mimea ya damu ilichukuliwa na viuavijasumu vilivyoingizwa ndani ya mshipa vilianza kutolewa. Finn, akiona hali ya mtoto ikizidi kuwa mbaya, alimweka mara moja kwenye hospitali ya watoto ya tatu. Baadaye, uchunguzi wa damu ulithibitisha kwamba alikuwa na ugonjwa wa meningococcemia. Kwa mujibu wa utafiti huo, ugonjwa wa meningococcal, ambao ni ugonjwa unaoweza kuokoa maisha ya watoto kwa asilimia 10 na ambao unaweza kuchukua miezi kadhaa kama haujagunduliwa mara moja, umesababisha kuambukizwa kwa watoto wengi. Ikiwa una umri wa miaka 50 au zaidi, ni vigumu kuwazia Robert Young, daktari wa televisheni wa miaka ya 1960 na 1970, akitumia kompyuta au PDA kutafiti utambuzi. Ikiwa una umri wa chini ya miaka 40, ni vigumu kuelewa kwa nini daktari wako hatumii kompyuta kama Finn. Miaka hamsini iliyopita, madaktari walidhaniwa kuwa wenye kujua yote, na wazo kwamba wangehitaji msaada katika kufikiri kwao kwa kufungua hata kitabu cha matibabu mbele ya mgonjwa hakukubaliana na picha madaktari walikuwa nayo juu yao wenyewe na imani ya wagonjwa walikuwa nayo kwao. "Kwa hivyo, tunapozungusha saa mbele na kuzingatia ukweli kwamba wengi wa wagonjwa hutumia mtandao kabla na baada ya ziara ya daktari, na kwa kizazi cha sasa cha wanafunzi wa matibabu, matumizi ya kompyuta ni asili ya pili, tunatakiwa kufikiria mabadiliko haya kutoka siku za Marcus Welby hadi madaktari wa leo wakitumia kompyuta kuwasaidia kufikiri. """ Watu katika maeneo yote ya maisha na kazi kutumia kompyuta, na wao kuonekana kuwa pamoja ajabu kwa nini, katika kesi nyingi, daktari kompyuta matumizi mwisho na mgonjwa ratiba na bili. Lakini je, kweli ni hivyo? "Hii ni habari ya kuvutia, lakini haipendekezi sana, kwamba wakati tu 15% ya madaktari hutumia EHR, wengi hutumia kompyuta zao au vifaa vya mkono katika mtiririko wao wa kazi ya kila siku kwa maamuzi ya kliniki, kama vile kipimo cha dawa na mwingiliano.""" "Hata hivyo, kupitishwa hivi karibuni kwa sheria ya kichocheo ya ""American Recovery & Reinvestment Act"" na $ 17 bilioni katika motisha ya kukuza kupitishwa kwa rekodi za elektroniki na madaktari, imeelezwa vibaya na wengine kuonyesha upinzani wa daktari kwa kompyuta na kisasa." """Kufikiri kwa nguvu juu ya kompyuta ya rekodi ya matibabu inaweza kuwa na matokeo yasiyotarajiwa ya kutupatia fursa ya muda mfupi ya kupanua matumizi ya IT ya daktari ili kushughulikia maeneo ya athari kubwa kama vile ucheleweshaji wa utambuzi, sababu kuu ya majeraha ya mgonjwa na kuongezeka kwa gharama." Ingawa madaktari wengi sasa wanapendelea kupata maarifa ya matibabu kwa njia ya elektroniki, baadhi ya madaktari hao wanaogopa wazo la kuweka rekodi kwa sababu rahisi: Inawapunguza. "Hebu fikiria hali mbili ambazo kwa hakika zinatokea katika mazoezi ya matibabu leo: Katika kwanza, daktari anarejelea haraka maarifa ya matibabu ya kompyuta ili kugundua mgonjwa kwa usahihi na kisha anaandika utambuzi huo sahihi katika chati ya karatasi; katika pili, daktari hutumia EHR kuchora utambuzi wa makosa na matibabu yasiyofaa ambayo yeye au yeye aliwasili kwa kumbukumbu. """ Ungependa nini ikiwa wewe ndiye mgonjwa? Hatimaye, matumizi ya ulimwengu, seamless ya EHR na kuingizwa kliniki uamuzi-msaada zana kuboresha usahihi, kupunguza makosa, na kuongeza usalama itatokea. Wanasayansi wa teknolojia wanafanya kazi kwa bidii ili kufanikisha mradi huo kwa wingi katika miaka mitano ijayo. Katika muda mfupi, juhudi za moja kwa moja sambamba kupanua matumizi ya Internet ya gharama nafuu au teknolojia ya msaada wa uamuzi wa kliniki ya mkono itakuza na kueneza ufanisi wa utambuzi na utunzaji wa mgonjwa ulioonyeshwa na Finn na madaktari sawa wa "mwisho wa mbele". Wakati sekta ya rekodi za matibabu hatimaye inageuka kuunganisha msaada wa uamuzi wenye maana, wauzaji watakabiliwa na madaktari wakijiuliza ni nini kiliwachukua muda mrefu. Watengenezaji wa sera wanapaswa kuhamasisha, kufadhili, na kueneza mazoezi haya bora sasa badala ya kusubiri EHR kuwa chombo pekee cha teknolojia ya kuboresha huduma na kupunguza gharama. Art Papier, MD, ni profesa msaidizi wa dermatolojia na informatiki ya matibabu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Rochester Shule ya Tiba na Dentistry huko New York na afisa mkuu wa kisayansi wa Picha za Mantiki. | <urn:uuid:8cb79036-99ee-4d28-899a-d6e057a393ca> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.fortherecordmag.com/news/090509_exclusive.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Williams River - Map 10
Thomas Gill arrived as a free passenger on the Royal George, Captain William Powditch, in November 1821.
The new Governor Major General Sir Thomas Brisbane with his family and suite came on the Royal George...upon the vessel coming to an anchor in Sydney Cove, a salute of 19 guns was fired from Dawes' Battery; and immediately afterwards His Honor Lieutenant Governor Erskine proceeded on board, to pay his respects to His Excellency and to greet him on his safe arrival in New South Wales. The Royal George also brought a valuable and extensive assortment of merchandise for Berry and Wollstonecraft. Passengers included Mr. Murdoch, Mr. Ross, Mr. Robert Crawford, Mr. Cavenaugh, Mr. and Mrs. Acres, Mr. Bunker, Mr. McLeod, Mr. Weaver and 14 steerage passengers. Mr. Russell, a cabin passenger died on the voyage.
After a Memorial to the Governor requesting a grant of land, Thomas Gill was granted 640 acres in 1825. He selected this land on the Williams River.
Thomas Gill didn't immediately occupy this grant as he was employed as assistant Commissariat Clerk at Newcastle. The Commissariat Store was situated in Watt Street; the location can be found on John Armstrong's 1831 Map of Newcastle.
He married Elizabeth Shoard at St. John's Church, Parramatta in 1824
Thomas Gill drowned in the first branch of the Hunter River on 15th October 1826 by falling over the side of his boat. His daughter Isabella Maria was just four months old.
In 1838 his 640 acre grant was offered for sale - A most important and valuable portion of land on the navigable bank of the Williams River within about three miles of its junction with the Hunter. Six hundred and forty acres as originally charted and granted by the Crown to Mr. Thomas Gill, situated in the parish of Thornton, and County of Gloucester, being bounden on the West by the Williams River about a mile and a quarter; on the north by Mr. Jacob Newton's Farm; on the East by the celebrated Irrawang Vineyard and Pottery of James King Esq., and on the South by Mr. James Thew's Grant; a most valuable Lagoon is on the south eastern part of it. -
In 1845 James King of Irrawang made a claim for the Deed of Grant having purchased the land from the heirs of Thomas Gill.
References Sydney Gazette 10 November 1821
Colonial Secretary's Correspondence, Memorials to The Governor, 1810-1826
New South Wales Births, Deaths and Marriages Index
Sydney Gazette 4 January 1838 | "Map 10 ya Mto Williams: ""Thomas Gill"" aliwasili kama abiria huru kwenye Royal George, Kapteni William Powditch, mnamo Novemba 1821." Gavana Mkuu mpya Sir Thomas Brisbane na familia yake na suite alikuja Royal George, juu ya meli kuja kwa nanga katika Sydney Cove, salamu ya bunduki 19 ilitolewa kutoka Dawes 'Battery, na mara moja baada ya hapo, Gavana Mkuu Erskine aliendelea juu ya bodi, kutoa heshima yake kwa His Excellency na kumsalimu juu ya kuwasili kwake salama katika New South Wales. Meli ya Royal George pia ilileta bidhaa nyingi zenye thamani kwa ajili ya Berry na Wollstonecraft. Abiria walitia ndani Bw. Murdoch, Bw. Ross, Bw. Robert Crawford, Bw. Cavenaugh, Bw. na Bi. "Akaandika: ""Bunker, McLeod, Weaver na abiria wengine 14." Mheshimiwa Russell, abiria wa kabati alikufa katika safari. Baada ya kuandikishwa kwa Gavana, Thomas Gill alipewa ekari 640 za ardhi. Alichagua ardhi hii kwenye Mto Williams. Thomas Gill hakuwa mara moja kuchukua ruzuku hii kama yeye alikuwa kuajiriwa kama msaidizi Commissariat Clerk katika Newcastle. Kituo cha kuhifadhi vitu vya zamani cha Newcastle kilikuwa katika barabara ya Watt Street, ambayo ilikuwa na alama ya tatu kwenye ramani ya 1831 ya Newcastle iliyoandikwa na John Armstrong. Aliolewa na Elizabeth Shower katika St. John's Church, Parramatta, mwaka 1824, lakini baada ya kuanguka kwenye mto Hunter, akafa maji. Binti yake Isabella Maria alikuwa na umri wa miezi minne tu. Katika 1838, ardhi yake ya ekari 640 ilitolewa kwa ajili ya kuuza - sehemu muhimu na yenye thamani ya ardhi kwenye ukingo wa meli ya Mto Williams ndani ya maili tatu ya makutano yake na Hunter. "Six hundred and forty acres, kama awali mapped na kupewa na Crown kwa Mheshimiwa Thomas Gill, iko katika parokia ya Thornton, na Kaunti ya Gloucester, kuwa bounded katika Magharibi na Mto Williams, karibu maili moja na robo, kaskazini na Mr. Jacob Newton ya Farm, mashariki na maarufu Irrawaddy Vineyard na Pottery ya James King Esq., na kusini na Mr. James ""The"" Grant, na muhimu zaidi Lagoon ni katika sehemu ya kusini mashariki ya." Katika 1845 James King wa Irrawang alifanya madai kwa ajili ya Deed ya Grant baada ya kununua ardhi kutoka warithi wa Thomas Gill. "Sydney Gazette, 10 Novemba 1821: ""Kumbukumbu kwa Gavana, 1810-1826: New South Wales: Kuzaliwa, Kifo na Ndoa Index""" | <urn:uuid:7dc4e817-30b9-41d4-82ca-caabbd9881d2> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.freesettlerorfelon.com/thomas_gill.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Emergency use authorization of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine, the third now available in the United States, has led to questions about which shot is the best.
In clinical trials, the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines were shown to be about 95% effective against COVID-19, while Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine was 66.3% effective globally and 72% effective against the disease in the United States.
But comparing efficacies can be misleading, says Jeffrey Carson, a professor of medicine at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and principal investigator for Rutgers’ Johnson & Johnson trial, the second-largest in the country.
The statistics reflect only a snapshot of the time when the clinical trials were in progress, Carson says. “The best COVID-19 vaccine is the one you get,” he says.
Here, Carson discusses the common misperceptions about COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, which is how well a shot prevents disease and possibly transmission under controlled circumstances, and its effectiveness, which is how well it performs in the real world:
What could account for the difference in vaccine efficacy?
There are at least two explanations for these results. The other vaccines are better or we are not making a fair comparison. The only way you can truly determine if one vaccine is more effective than another is to do a head-to-head comparison in which you recruit and randomize participants from the same population at the same time.
The Moderna, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson vaccines were tested at different times and under different circumstances. While the Moderna and Pfizer vaccine clinical trials targeted the predominate SARS-CoV-2 variant that had arisen in China, Johnson & Johnson’s Phase 3 trials started after other variants had emerged. Since these variants might be more resistant to a vaccine, a lower efficacy would be expected.
Although the Johnson & Johnson vaccine was less effective at preventing any form of COVID-19, it was shown to be 85% effective in preventing severe disease, with no deaths or hospitalizations. Preventing the most serious forms of the disease is the most important problem we want to solve, and this vaccine will reduce your risk of becoming severely ill or dying from this illness.
What are the differences and similarities in the vaccines?
While the vaccine platforms are different, they are all effective. Moderna and Pfizer use genetic material known as mRNA to instruct cells to make SARS-CoV-2’s spike protein to help the immune system to recognize the virus. The Johnson & Johnson vaccine uses DNA packaged in an adenovirus—a type of virus that causes the common cold—to instruct the cells to make the spike protein. This is an established platform that has been used for decades for diseases like Ebola.
Moderna and Pfizer require two shots, while Johnson & Johnson does not require a booster. The side effects, like fatigue and flu-like symptoms that sometimes are experienced more commonly with the second dose of the other vaccinations, are a bit less common with the Johnson & Johnson vaccine.
What should people be aware of after they receive the vaccine?
It typically takes two weeks after vaccination for the body to build immunity against the virus, which means it is possible for someone to still contract COVID-19 leading up to or just after vaccination.
Since we are still learning about how the vaccines protect us, it is important to continue to practice the safety provisions of wearing a mask, social distancing, and regularly washing your hands.
The most important action people can take is to get any available vaccination. The sooner we can vaccinate a majority of the population, the less risk we are for developing new variants.
Source: Rutgers University | Uhalali wa matumizi ya dharura ya chanjo ya Johnson & Johnson ya COVID-19, ya tatu sasa inayopatikana nchini Marekani, imesababisha maswali juu ya ni chanjo gani bora. Katika majaribio ya kliniki, chanjo za Moderna na Pfizer-BioNTech zilionyesha kuwa na ufanisi wa karibu 95% dhidi ya COVID-19, wakati chanjo ya Johnson & Johnson ilikuwa na ufanisi wa 66.3% ulimwenguni na 72% dhidi ya ugonjwa huo nchini Marekani. "Jeffrey Carson, profesa wa dawa katika Chuo cha Matibabu cha Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson na mtafiti mkuu wa jaribio la Rutgers Johnson & Johnson, anasema: ""Kufanya hivyo kunaweza kusababisha udanganyifu.""" Takwimu hizo zinaonyesha tu sehemu ya wakati majaribio ya kliniki yalipokuwa yakiendelea, anasema Carson. "Tumekuwa tukifanya kazi kwa bidii sana katika kuunda chanjo bora ya COVID-19 ambayo inaweza kutolewa kwa watu wengi, ""alisema." Carson anajadili maoni mabaya ya kawaida juu ya ufanisi wa chanjo ya COVID-19, ambayo ni jinsi chanjo inavyozuia ugonjwa na uwezekano wa maambukizi chini ya hali zilizodhibitiwa, na ufanisi wake, ambayo ni jinsi inavyofanya kazi katika ulimwengu halisi. Kuna angalau maelezo mawili kwa matokeo haya. """Vaccin nyingine ni bora au hatufanyi kulinganisha kwa haki." Njia pekee ya kuamua ikiwa chanjo moja ni bora kuliko nyingine ni kufanya kulinganisha kichwa kwa kichwa, ambapo unachagua na kuchagua washiriki kutoka kwa idadi moja ya watu kwa wakati mmoja. Vipimo vya Moderna, Pfizer na Johnson & Johnson vilijaribiwa kwa wakati tofauti na chini ya hali tofauti. Majaribio ya Moderna na Pfizer yalilenga aina ya SARS-CoV-2 iliyotokea nchini China, lakini majaribio ya awamu ya tatu ya Johnson & Johnson yalianza baada ya aina nyingine kutokea. Kwa kuwa aina hizi za virusi zinaweza kuwa sugu zaidi kwa chanjo, ufanisi mdogo unatarajiwa. Ingawa chanjo ya Johnson & Johnson haikuweza kuzuia aina yoyote ya COVID-19, ilionyesha kuwa na ufanisi wa 85% katika kuzuia magonjwa makali, bila vifo au kulazwa hospitalini. "Kuzuia aina mbaya zaidi za ugonjwa huu ni tatizo muhimu zaidi tunalotaka kutatua, na chanjo hii itapunguza hatari yako ya kuugua vibaya au kufa kutokana na ugonjwa huu.""" Ni nini tofauti na kufanana kwa chanjo hizo? Ingawa majukwaa ya chanjo ni tofauti, yote ni yenye ufanisi. Moderna na Pfizer zinatumia nyenzo ya maumbile inayojulikana kama mRNA kuelekeza seli kutengeneza protini ya SARS-CoV-2 ili kusaidia mfumo wa kinga kutambua virusi. Chanjo ya Johnson & Johnson hutumia DNA iliyofungwa katika adenovirus - aina ya virusi vinavyosababisha homa ya kawaida - kuagiza chembe kutengeneza protini ya spike. Hii ni jukwaa la msingi ambalo limetumika kwa miongo kadhaa kwa magonjwa kama Ebola. Moderna na Pfizer zinahitaji chanjo mbili, wakati Johnson na Johnson hazihitaji booster. Madhara kama vile uchovu na dalili za mafua, ambayo wakati mwingine hupatikana kwa kawaida na kipimo cha pili cha chanjo nyingine, ni kidogo chini ya kawaida na chanjo ya Johnson & Johnson. Watu wanapaswa kuwa na ufahamu gani baada ya kupokea chanjo? Kwa kawaida inachukua wiki mbili baada ya chanjo kwa mwili kujenga kinga dhidi ya virusi, ambayo inamaanisha inawezekana kwa mtu bado kupata COVID-19 inayoongoza hadi au tu baada ya chanjo. """Kwa kuwa bado tunajifunza jinsi chanjo zinatukinga, ni muhimu kuendelea kufuata kanuni za usalama za kuvaa kinyago, kutenganisha kijamii, na kuosha mikono mara kwa mara." Hatua muhimu zaidi ambayo watu wanaweza kuchukua ni kupata chanjo yoyote inayopatikana. """Kadiri tunavyoweza ku chanjo idadi kubwa ya watu, ndivyo hatari tunayoweza kuendeleza aina mpya za virusi itakavyozidi kupungua." Chanzo: Chuo Kikuu cha Rutgers | <urn:uuid:4d4d99e8-c0c4-4455-8212-9fb1f591bad6> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.futurity.org/best-covid-19-vaccine-2535702/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Hardwood Tree Leaf Identification
So you have a leaf in hand and you want to know what it is. Chances are, the leaf belongs to a hardwood tree, also known as deciduous trees, which belong to the same group as flowering plants. Fortunately, when identifying a hardwood tree, the leaves provide some of the best clues that will help you to reach a reliable conclusion.
Hardwood trees are distinguished from evergreen trees because they lose their leaves when the weather grows cold, a mechanism that protects the trees from dehydration when groundwater freezes during the winter. The shape, arrangement, complexity, texture and pattern of leaf veins will all help you to identify your hardwood tree.
Leaf Shape and Arrangement
According to the North Dakota State University Extension, deciduous trees are arranged into four groups based on the arrangement of their leaves on the branch and the basic shape of the leaves. If you have only a single leaf, you might not be able to tell much about leaf arrangement. Opposite leaves grow in pairs directly across each other on the branch, while alternate leaves grow singly, alternating sides of the branch. The most basic classification of leaf shape is simple or compound. Simple leaves occur singly, and compound leaves occur in groups. If you have trouble knowing what constitutes a group, the extension recommends looking at the base of the leaf. If there's a bud, it is a simple leaf. If there is no bud, it is compound.
- So you have a leaf in hand and you want to know what it is.
- According to the North Dakota State University Extension, deciduous trees are arranged into four groups based on the arrangement of their leaves on the branch and the basic shape of the leaves.
The shape of the leaf margins provides another valuable detail to aid you in identification. The margins of smooth leaves lack ragged or curved edges. Finely toothed and doubly toothed edges have mild and sharp jagged edges, respectively. Lobed leaves have multiple rounded projections.
Also note the pattern formed by the leaf veins. Pinnate veins emerge from multiple points from the rib that extends down the middle of the leaf. Palmate veins extend from a single point, resembling the spread fingers of a hand. Observe the texture and color of the leaf and whether it is covered in fine hairs or smooth. Finally, note if the leaf has a particular aroma. All of these details can help you narrow down identification.
- The shape of the leaf margins provides another valuable detail to aid you in identification.
Once you've narrowed down your leaf to one or a few species, it's time to consider other factors that might help you to fine-tune the identification even further. Look up the possible species in a field guide and confirm that all of the information matches with what you know about your tree. For example, if you found a long, frond-like leaf in New England, it more likely belongs to a willow tree, not a palm tree. If you know any additional information about the tree the leaf came from, such as the color or texture of the bark or the tree's habitat, confirm that this information matches as well. | Ugunduzi wa majani ya mti wa Hardwood: Ikiwa una majani ya mti, unaweza kuamua ni nini. "Kuna uwezekano kwamba jani hilo ni la mti wa mbao ngumu, unaoitwa pia ""miti ya majani,"" ambayo ni ya kikundi kimoja na mimea yenye maua." Kwa bahati nzuri, wakati wa kutambua mti wa mbao ngumu, majani hutoa baadhi ya vidokezo bora ambavyo vitakusaidia kufikia hitimisho linalotegemeka. Miti ya mbao ngumu hutofautiana na miti ya kijani kibichi kwa sababu hupoteza majani yao wakati hali ya hewa inapoanza kuwa baridi, utaratibu ambao hulinda miti kutoka kwa ukame wakati maji ya chini ya ardhi yanapoganda wakati wa majira ya baridi. Umbo, mpangilio, utata, muundo, na muundo wa mishipa ya majani yote yatakusaidia kutambua mti wako wa mbao ngumu. Kulingana na Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la North Dakota, miti ya majani imepangwa katika vikundi vinne kulingana na mpangilio wa majani yao kwenye tawi na umbo la msingi la majani. Ikiwa una jani moja tu, huenda usiweze kusema mengi kuhusu mpangilio wa majani. Majani yanayopingana hukua kwa jozi moja kwa moja kwenye tawi, huku majani yanayobadilishana yakikua peke yake, yakibadilishana pande za tawi. Uainishaji wa msingi zaidi wa umbo la jani ni rahisi au mchanganyiko. Majani sahili hutokea peke yake, na majani yenye mchanganyiko hutokea katika vikundi. Ikiwa una shida kujua ni nini kinachotengeneza kikundi, upanuzi unapendekeza kuangalia msingi wa jani. Ikiwa kuna kichaka, ni jani sahili. Ikiwa hakuna kichaka, ni kiwanja. - Kwa hiyo una jani mkononi na unataka kujua ni nini. Kulingana na Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la North Dakota, miti ya majani imepangwa katika vikundi vinne kulingana na mpangilio wa majani yao kwenye tawi na umbo la msingi la majani. Umbo la kingo za majani hutoa maelezo mengine yenye thamani ya kukusaidia utambue. Pembe za majani laini hazina kingo zilizokumbwa au zilizokunjwa. Pembe zenye meno madogo na zenye meno maradufu zina pembe zenye miiba laini na kali, kwa mtiririko huo. Majani yenye matundu yana miamba mingi yenye umbo la mviringo. Pia angalia muundo unaofanyizwa na mishipa ya majani. Mishipa ya pinnate hutoka katika sehemu nyingi kutoka kwenye ubavu ambao huenea katikati ya jani. Mishipa ya mikono huanzia sehemu moja, ikifanana na vidole vilivyoenea vya mkono. Angalia umbo na rangi ya jani na kama limefunikwa kwa nywele nyembamba au laini. Mwishowe, angalia ikiwa jani hilo lina harufu fulani hususa. Maelezo hayo yote yanaweza kukusaidia kutambua mtu huyo. - Umbo la kingo za majani hutoa maelezo mengine yenye thamani ya kukusaidia katika utambulisho. Baada ya kuamua aina moja au chache, ni wakati wa kuzingatia mambo mengine ambayo yanaweza kukusaidia kuboresha utambulisho. Angalia aina ya mti unaoweza kuonekana katika mwongozo wa shamba na uthibitishe kwamba habari zote zinalingana na kile unachojua kuhusu mti wako. Kwa mfano, ikiwa umepata jani refu lenye umbo la majani huko New England, yaelekea ni la mti wa willow, wala si la mtende. Ikiwa unajua habari nyingine kuhusu mti huo, kama vile rangi au umbo la ganda au mahali ambapo mti huo ulikuwako, hakikisha kwamba habari hiyo inalingana na habari hiyo. | <urn:uuid:897eeb9a-ef1a-48d0-b2fa-8c962231bbed> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.gardenguides.com/130737-hardwood-tree-leaf-identification.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
From Ken Trotman Publishing
220 pages of full colour maps
To celebrate the 100th publication by Gareth Glover, it was decided to create this special atlas edition in his Waterloo Archive Series. The set of 83 hand-drawn military field sketches (maps) produced by various members of Wellington’s Staff Corps prior to the Waterloo campaign that are now bound in a folder held by the National Army Museum, caused great excitement among fellow lovers of maps. Both Richard Brown the owner of Ken Trotman Publishing and Dr Stephen Summerfield who has published profusely on the Napoleonic period insisted that these Staff Corps maps should be reproduced in the larger A4 format and beautifully enhanced by being expertly colourised by my co-author.
It was decided to expand the range of maps included to embrace any maps of the area of the Waterloo campaign produced prior to 1825. These maps are listed by their modern equivalent spellings to aid identification. This includes the relevant images from the monumental mapping of the Spanish Netherlands (Belgium) by Count Joseph Ferraris between 1770 and 1778 that formed the basis of the smaller scale, less detailed, Louis Capitaine maps of Belgium of 1797. These were used by Napoleon and Blücher and were the basis of Wellington’s maps and presumably many other senior officers during the campaign.
Also included is the earliest published version of the Willem Craan map of September 1816, which was the only accurate survey of the battlefield mapped before the Lion Mound altered part of the Allied ridge. It is also further enhanced by a number of contemporary maps showing the disposition of the troops at Waterloo, all produced within only a few years of the battle. We could not ignore the rest of the campaign and we have included a number of maps showing the entire area of the five battles of Charleroi, Ligny, Quatre Bras, Wavre and Waterloo and early maps of the battles of Ligny, Quatre Bras and Wavre, many of them being Dutch and German maps rarely seen in the United Kingdom. We have also included a number of contemporary maps of France, Paris, Mons, and Valenciennes from the collection held by Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton who commanded the Second Division at the time of the campaign, giving further evidence of the quality of maps available to the senior staff of
all the adversaries at the time.
But we have not stopped there! We decided that we must also include a number of the early views drawn of the battlefields, again before the battlefield was altered.
• Thomas Stoney remarkably visited the battlefields of Quatre Bras and Waterloo within days of the battle of Waterloo and even sketched the unburied corpses, stripped of uniforms, awaiting burial on the
battlefields, giving us a very raw and immediate view of these battlefields directly after the battles.
• Denis Dighton, Military Artist to the Prince Regent also visited the battlefield of Waterloo within a week of the battle and his early sketches of the fields, showing the local peasantry burying the dead and the draughtsman like sketches of some of the main buildings involved in the fighting record exactly how they looked very soon after the battle, whereas his later paintings based on these sketches (not reproduced in this publication) show a less stringent rigidity to historical accuracy.
• The drawings of James Rouse, published originally in 1817 within William Mudford’s Historical Account of the Campaign in the Netherlands are also included although there are reasons to doubt their historical veracity, as Rouse was certainly not there earlier enough to see troops still on the battlefield or the burial/burning of corpses as portrayed; and there is some further doubt on the precise accuracy of a number of his depictions of the buildings, many being more atmospheric and an expression of their general look rather than the truly detailed versions produced by Dighton and therefore should not be relied upon for specific details.
A number of other contemporary scenes of the battlefield round off this beautiful collection, which it is hoped that every Waterloo enthusiast will want to own and pore over for many hours. If successful, we already have a very ambitious multi-volume version of this planned to cover the Peninsular in the future. | "Ken Trotman, mwandishi wa ""Map ya Waterloo"" na ""Map ya Waterloo,"" aliandika katika kitabu chake cha ""Waterloo Archives Series"" kwamba ""Map ya Waterloo"" ni ya kawaida na ya kawaida." Seti ya 83 za picha za kijeshi zilizochorwa kwa mkono zilizotengenezwa na wanachama mbalimbali wa Kikosi cha Wafanyakazi wa Wellington kabla ya kampeni ya Waterloo, ambazo sasa zimefungwa katika folda iliyohifadhiwa na Jumba la Makumbusho la Jeshi la Kitaifa, ilisababisha msisimko mkubwa miongoni mwa wapenzi wa ramani. Richard Brown, mmiliki wa Ken Trotman Publishing, na Dk Stephen Summerfield, ambaye amechapisha sana juu ya kipindi cha Napoleon, walisisitiza kwamba ramani hizi za Jeshi la Wafanyakazi zinapaswa kuzalishwa katika muundo mkubwa wa A4 na kuimarishwa kwa rangi na mtaalamu mwenzangu. Kwa hiyo, ilibidi kupanua orodha ya ramani za eneo la vita vya Waterloo kabla ya mwaka wa 1825. Ramani hizi zimeorodheshwa kwa herufi zao za kisasa zinazolingana ili kusaidia utambulisho. "Hii ni pamoja na picha muhimu kutoka ramani ya monumental ya Uhispania Uholanzi (Belgium) na Count Joseph Ferraris kati ya 1770 na 1778 ambayo iliunda msingi wa ""mfano mdogo, chini ya kina"" ramani ya Louis Capitaine ya Ubelgiji ya 1797."" Hizi zilitumiwa na Napoleon na Blücher na zilikuwa msingi wa ramani za Wellington na labda maofisa wengine wengi wa juu wakati wa kampeni. Pia ni pamoja na toleo la awali kuchapishwa ya ramani Willem Kran ya Septemba 1816, ambayo ilikuwa tu sahihi uchunguzi wa uwanja wa vita ramani kabla ya Lion Mound kubadilishwa sehemu ya Allied Ridge. Pia, ina ramani kadhaa za wakati huo zinazoonyesha jinsi majeshi yalivyowekwa katika vita vya Waterloo, zote zikitengenezwa miaka michache tu baada ya vita hivyo. "Hatuwezi kupuuza mapumziko ya kampeni na tumejumuisha ramani kadhaa zinazoonyesha eneo lote la vita vitano vya Charleroi, Ligny, Quatre Bras, Wavre na Waterloo na ramani za mapema za vita vya Ligny, Quatre Bras na Wavre, nyingi zikiwa ramani za Uholanzi na Ujerumani ambazo hazionekani sana nchini Uingereza.""" Pia, mapu ya Ufaransa, Paris, Mons na Valenciennes kutoka kwa Luteni Jenerali Sir Henry Clinton, ambaye aliongoza Kikosi cha Pili wakati wa kampeni, ni ushahidi zaidi wa ubora wa ramani zilizopatikana kwa maafisa wakuu wa wapinzani wote wakati huo. Lakini hatujaacha kufanya hivyo! """Tunaamua kwamba lazima pia tujumuishe maoni kadhaa ya mapema yaliyochorwa ya uwanja wa vita, tena kabla ya uwanja wa vita kubadilishwa." Thomas Stoney alitembelea maeneo ya vita ya Quatre Bras na Waterloo siku chache baada ya vita vya Waterloo na hata akachora maiti zisizozikwa, zilizofukuzwa mavazi, zikisubiri kuzikwa kwenye maeneo ya vita, akituonyesha picha ya moja kwa moja ya maeneo hayo ya vita baada ya vita. Denis Dighton, msanii wa kijeshi wa Prince Regent, pia alitembelea uwanja wa vita wa Waterloo ndani ya wiki moja ya vita na michoro yake ya mapema ya mashamba, akionyesha wakulima wa eneo hilo wakiweka wafu na mchoraji kama michoro ya baadhi ya majengo makuu yanayohusika katika mapigano, rekodi hasa jinsi walivyoonekana muda mfupi baada ya vita, wakati michoro yake ya baadaye kulingana na michoro hii (isiyoonyeshwa katika chapisho hili) inaonyesha ukali mdogo kwa usahihi wa kihistoria. "Kichoro cha James Rouse, kilichochapishwa awali mnamo 1817 ndani ya ""History of the Campaign in the Netherlands"" ya William Mudford, pia ni pamoja na ""History of the Campaign in the Netherlands"" ingawa kuna sababu za kutilia shaka ukweli wao wa kihistoria, kwani Rouse alikuwa hapo mapema vya kutosha kuona askari bado kwenye uwanja wa vita au kuzikwa au kuchomwa kwa maiti kama ilivyoonyeshwa; na kuna shaka zaidi juu ya usahihi wa idadi ya picha zake za majengo, nyingi zikiwa na hali ya hewa na usemi wa sura yao ya jumla badala ya matoleo ya kina yaliyotengenezwa na Dighton." Picha nyingine za wakati huo za uwanja wa vita zinaongeza kwenye mkusanyiko huu mzuri, ambao inatarajiwa kwamba kila mpenzi wa Waterloo atataka kumiliki na kuchunguza kwa saa nyingi. Kama mafanikio, tayari tuna matarajio makubwa sana multi-toleo la hii iliyopangwa kufunika Peninsula katika siku zijazo. | <urn:uuid:10a2ca23-9892-44e7-9861-6dea1eb64d74> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.garethglovercollection.com/2021/08/01/the-waterloo-archive-map-collection/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Using Generative Design in Revit can be a very powerful approach to quickly explore multiple design options. To ensure your studies are being executed efficiently make sure to use the Data.Remember and Data.Gate nodes appropriately. This will enable to control data that is imported from Revit and data that is used by the generative design workflow. It is important to place these nodes because generative design requires multiple iterations and making each iteration dependant on Revit may require heavy computation time.
As seen below the Data.Remember nodes and the Data.Gate nodes will limit performing heavy computation tasks by only taking simple data inputs, as described in the Data.Remember Node Inputs section, to perform generative design studies.
The Data.Remember node is used to store information from Revit, allowing you to use certain parameters from Revit elements in a generative design workflow.
The Data.Gate node controls the flow from the generative design workflow to Revit, allowing you to create or modify Revit Elements once, when you select the ‘Create Revit Elements’ inside generative design. | Kutumia kubuni Generative katika Revit inaweza kuwa mbinu nguvu sana kwa haraka kuchunguza chaguzi nyingi za kubuni. Ili kuhakikisha masomo yako ni kutekelezwa kwa ufanisi kuhakikisha kutumia Data.Kumbuka na Data.Gate nodes ipasavyo. Hii itawezesha kudhibiti data ambayo ni kuingizwa kutoka Revit na data ambayo ni kutumika na generative kubuni workflow. Ni muhimu kuweka nodes hizi kwa sababu kubuni generative inahitaji iterations nyingi na kufanya kila iteration tegemezi juu ya Revit inaweza kuhitaji uzito hesabu wakati. Data.Remember nodes na Data.Gate nodes itapunguza kufanya kazi nzito za hesabu kwa kuchukua tu pembejeo za data rahisi, kama ilivyoelezwa katika sehemu ya Data.Remember Node Inputs, kufanya masomo ya kubuni ya kizazi. Data.Kumbuka node ni kutumika kuhifadhi habari kutoka Revit, kuruhusu kutumia vigezo fulani kutoka Revit vipengele katika generative kubuni workflow. Data.Gate node udhibiti mtiririko kutoka generative kubuni workflow kwa Revit, kuruhusu kujenga au kurekebisha Revit Elements mara moja, wakati wewe kuchagua <unk>Create Revit Elements<unk> ndani ya kubuni generative. | <urn:uuid:259bcc50-e192-4349-bfa9-31fd6417f8f5> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.generativedesign.org/03-hello-gd-for-revit/03-07_using-revit-alongside-gd-for-revit/03-07-01_using-data-from-revit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
This is Giancoli Answers with Mr. Dychko. So the spiral path that the laser reads along on the CD starts at about 2.5 centimeters and spirals out till it gets to the outer radius of the CD of 5.8 centimeters and our first question is what length would the spiral path have? and we are given a tip in the problem that says imagine you were to unwind it into a rectangular straight path this rectangle would have the same area as the total area here. So the area's gonna be the area of the full circle so that's this whole thing including the center that's πR 2 squared and then subtract the area of this hole in the middle so that's πR 1 squared and that's gonna be the area over which the spiral path exists. And we unravel it and it has some length that we have to find and it has a width of 1.6 micrometers we are told and so the area of this rectangle is length times width and we'll solve for l by dividing both sides by w and then switch the sides around so we have the unknown l on the left. So the l is the area divided by the width of the spiral path and so the area is π times R 2 squared minus R 1 squared and that's divided by w. So we have π times 5.8 times 10 to the negative 2 meters that's 5.8 centimeters expressed in meters so centa is the prefix meaning times 10 to the minus 2 and so we'll substite in our you know, mks units—meters, kilograms, seconds—is typically what we change units into so that everything works out nicely in our formulas and we have minus 2.5 times 10 to the minus 2 meters squared all divided by the 1.6 times 10 to the minus 6 meters. So 10 to the minus 6 is what you put in place of the prefix micro so you know work that out and it makes about 5400 meters about 5.4 kilometers is the total length of the spiral path that the laser travels over on the CD. And the time it takes to travel that path is gonna be the length of the path divided by the speed. So it goes 5378 meters divided by 1.2 meters per second and we get this answer in seconds and we'll convert that into minutes say so we have a unit that we can relate to a bit better. So we'll times by 1 minute for every 60 seconds and this gives us about 75 minutes total playtime you would expect on a CD. | Hii ni Giancoli Majibu na Mheshimiwa Dychko. Njia ya spiral ambayo laser inachukua kwenye CD inaanza kwenye sentimita 2.5 na inaendelea hadi kufikia radius ya nje ya CD ya sentimeta 5.8. "Kama tunavyoona katika makala hii, ""Ukiweka mstari wa mstatili kwenye mstari wa mstatili, mstatili huu utakuwa na eneo sawa na eneo la jumla hapa.""" Kwa hiyo, eneo la mzunguko kamili ni sawa na eneo la mviringo mzima, na pia ni sawa na eneo la mviringo mzima, na pia ni sawa na eneo la mviringo mzima, na pia ni sawa na eneo la mviringo mzima. Kwa mfano, kama mstatili una urefu wa 1.6 micrometers, eneo la mstatili ni urefu mara upana, na l inapatikana kwa kugawanya pande zote mbili kwa w. "Kama ""m"" ni sehemu ya m2 (m2 = m2) na ""m2 = m2 = m2"" (m2 = m2) ni pamoja na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" na ""m"" "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""micro"" ni jina la kiambishi cha kwanza cha ""micro"" na ni sawa na ""micro"" na ""micro"" na ""micro"" ni ""micro"" na ""micro"" ni ""micro"" na ""micro"" ni ""micro"" na ""micro"" ni ""micro"" na ""micro"" ni ""micro"" na ""micro"" ni ""micro"" na ""micro"" ni ""micro"" na ""micro"" ni ""micro"" na ""micro"" ni ""micro"" na ""micro"" ni ""micro"" na ""micro"" ni ""micro.""" Wakati unaotumiwa kusafiri ni sawa na urefu wa njia iliyotengwa na kasi. "Kama tunasema ""5,378m = 1.2m = 1s"" basi tunapata ""sekunde"" na ""minutes"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""seconds"" na ""sec."""" Kwa hivyo, kwa kila sekunde 60 tunapata dakika moja, na kwa kila sekunde 60 tunapata dakika 75 za kucheza. | <urn:uuid:0cf8d7cc-daa3-458e-94f0-441478c82465> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.giancolianswers.com/giancoli-physics-7th-edition-solutions/chapter-2/problem-14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
A new genome analysis of some of our more known ancient human ancestors, namely the Neanderthals and Denisovans, reveals that the human species might have another, yet unidentified ancestor.
Adam Siepel, computational biologist from the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, claims that this study shows how reconstructing the full evolutionary history of a collection of DNA profiles from modern humans and ancient hominins tell us a lot about deep human history.
The study done by Siepel and Amy Williams and Melissa Hubisz from the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology in Cornell University also discovered evidence of interbreeding between humans and Neanderthals, which might have occurred much earlier than previously known or around 200,000 to 300,000 years ago. This adds new information to what we know about the complicated history of our species as well as the humans’ migration from Africa.
(Learn more about your ancestry through GTLDNA’s Ancestral Origins™ DNA Ancestry Test.)
The team used a Bayesian algorithm to analyse the patterns in the genomes from two Neanderthals, one Denisovan, and two modern day African humans. The model created can match the intermixing of DNA through time.
Through the algorithm, the team looked for recombination events wherein two sets of chromosomes mixed together. This enabled the researchers to dig deep through the history of the species’ interbreeding using the genetic markers. The researchers report that 1 percent of the Denisovan DNA is of an unknown origin.
It is possible that the unknown ancestor might be the Homo erectus, which is thought to have died out more than 100,000 years ago, but no H. erectus DNA has ever been found.
The algorithm used in the team’s study, ARGweaver-D, was developed by Hubisz and is an extension of the ARGweaver original. The tool analyzes the ARGs or ancestral recombination graphs, which would not be possible with standard statistical number crunching. Because of the new algorithm, researchers were able to reach back further in history, and it is especially powerful in detecting ancient introgression.
The study also claims that around 15 percent of the unidentified regions of DNA found in the Denisovan genome are still present in modern humans. What we have yet to know is what happened to this mystery species.
Meanwhile, between 3 to 7 percent of Neanderthal DNA is influenced by ancient Homo sapiens, which supports the claim of interbreeding that had happened throughout centuries until the mass migration of modern humans out of Africa thought to be 50,000 years ago.
But the study suggests a timeline wherein the migration could have happened much earlier, at least 200,000 years ago. The study also produced evidence that supports the possibility of more than one early migration out of Africa.
Because of this study, we are likely to see more new studies applying the new algorithm or a better one on DNA records, allowing us more access to find out the genetic origins of the human species. | Uchunguzi wa genome ya binadamu wa zamani, Neanderthal na Denisovan, unaonyesha kwamba binadamu wana asili ya asili ya asili. Adam Siepel, mwanabiolojia wa kompyuta kutoka Maabara ya Cold Spring Harbor huko New York, anasema utafiti huu unaonyesha jinsi ujenzi wa historia kamili ya mageuzi ya mkusanyiko wa maelezo ya DNA kutoka kwa wanadamu wa kisasa na hominins za kale inatuambia mengi juu ya historia ya kina ya binadamu. Utafiti uliofanywa na Siebel na Amy Williams na Melissa Hubis, kutoka Idara ya Takwimu za Kibiolojia na Biolojia ya Kompyuta katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cornell, pia uligundua ushahidi wa kuunganishwa kati ya wanadamu na Neanderthals, ambayo inaweza kuwa ilitokea mapema zaidi kuliko ilivyotambuliwa hapo awali au karibu miaka 200,000 hadi 300,000 iliyopita. Hii inaongeza habari mpya kwa kile tunachojua kuhusu historia ngumu ya spishi yetu pamoja na uhamiaji wa wanadamu kutoka Afrika. Kujifunza zaidi kuhusu asili yako kupitia GTLNA's Ancestral Origins DNA Ancestry Test Kwa kutumia algorithm ya Bayesian, watafiti walichunguza mifumo ya chembe za urithi za Neanderthal mbili, Denisovan moja, na binadamu wawili wa kisasa wa Afrika. Mfano ulioundwa unaweza kulinganisha mchanganyiko wa DNA kwa muda. Kupitia algorithm, timu ilitafuta matukio ya kuunganishwa upya ambapo seti mbili za kromosomu zilichanganywa pamoja. Hii iliwawezesha watafiti kuchimba kina kupitia historia ya spishi <unk> interbreeding kwa kutumia alama za maumbile. Watafiti wanasema kwamba asilimia 1 ya DNA ya Denisovan haijulikani chanzo chake. Inawezekana kwamba babu huyo asiyejulikana alikuwa Homo erectus, ambaye inadhaniwa kwamba alikufa zaidi ya miaka 100,000 iliyopita, lakini hakuna DNA ya Homo erectus ambayo imewahi kupatikana. Algorithm iliyotumiwa katika utafiti wa timu, ARGweaver-D, ilitengenezwa na Hubis na ni upanuzi wa ARGweaver ya awali. Kwa mfano, kuna chombo kinachoweza kuchanganua graphs za kumbukumbu za kumbukumbu za kumbukumbu za kumbukumbu za kumbukumbu za kumbukumbu za kumbukumbu za kumbukumbu za kumbukumbu za kumbukumbu za kumbukumbu za kumbukumbu. Algorithm mpya imewasaidia watafiti kugundua mambo ya zamani na kugundua mambo ya zamani. Utafiti huo pia unasema kuwa karibu asilimia 15 ya sehemu zisizojulikana za DNA zilizopatikana katika genome ya Denisovan bado zipo katika wanadamu wa kisasa. Kile ambacho bado hatujajua ni kile kilichompata spishi hii ya ajabu. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""kati ya asilimia 3 hadi 7 ya DNA ya Neanderthal imeathiriwa na Homo sapiens ya kale, ambayo inasaidia madai ya kuzaliana ambayo yalikuwa yametokea kwa karne nyingi hadi uhamiaji mkubwa wa wanadamu wa kisasa kutoka Afrika, miaka 50,000 iliyopita.""" Lakini utafiti huo unaonyesha kwamba huenda uhamiaji huo ulifanyika mapema zaidi, angalau miaka 200,000 iliyopita. Utafiti huo pia ulitoa uthibitisho unaounga mkono uwezekano wa uhamiaji zaidi ya mmoja wa mapema kutoka Afrika. "Kwa sababu ya utafiti huu, tunaweza kuona masomo zaidi ya utafiti mpya, kutumia algorithm mpya au moja bora juu ya rekodi za DNA, ikitupa upatikanaji zaidi wa kupata asili ya maumbile ya spishi ya binadamu. """ | <urn:uuid:000734f3-9fcb-4c09-b6c9-bd9f92f6efb8> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.gtldna.co.uk/knowledge-base/humans-might-have-another-unidentified-ancient-ancestor-new-study-reveals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
As media grows and changes, we incorporate the new forms of communications into popular culture. However, the previous communication methods continue to be used as well.
create a timeline or infographic to address the following questions:
Research and provide examples or comparisons that demonstrate these changes over time from each of the categories: Print, Radio/Music, Cinema, Television, and the Internet. Include images of each artifact.
How have these various forms of communication have evolved since they were first introduced? (Give a “before” and “after”) | Kadiri vyombo vya habari vinavyokua na kubadilika, tunaingiza aina mpya za mawasiliano katika utamaduni maarufu. Hata hivyo, njia za awali za mawasiliano zinaendelea kutumiwa pia. Kuunda infographic au mstari wa wakati ili kushughulikia maswali yafuatayo: Tafuta na kutoa mifano au kulinganisha ambayo inaonyesha mabadiliko haya kwa muda kutoka kwa kila moja ya makundi: kuchapisha, redio, muziki, sinema, televisheni, na mtandao. Ongeza picha za kila kitu. Njia hizi za mawasiliano zimebadilikaje tangu zilipoanzishwa? (Kutoa <unk>kabla<unk> na <unk>baada<unk>) | <urn:uuid:f89e2581-a914-467d-be67-a9c7e7bec784> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.hartle1998.com/2021/04/22/kinds-of-pop-culture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Can digital health technologies improve access to care?
The Digital Health for Equitable Health Alliance and other initiatives aim to support care delivery for minorities and achieve health equity.
Healthcare availability, access and delivery have been compromised for low-income, minority and underserved populations for far too long.
In many metropolitan areas, citizens exist in healthcare deserts that make it difficult for people to seek healthcare when they need it or from conveniently maintaining healthcare therapies. This results in populations of patients that are high risk for receiving needed healthcare services, thus discouraging healthcare providers from extending care to these citizens.
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the chasm between the haves and have nots. Many minority groups experienced higher rates of sickness and death from COVID-19. Key factors driving healthcare inequity include economic stability, neighborhood and physical environment, education level, food availability, community/safety/social context, and community healthcare systems.
An Altarum report identifies a potential economic gain of $135 billion per year if racial disparities in health are eliminated, including $93 billion in excess medical care costs and $42 billion in untapped productivity. People of color are projected to represent 50 percent of the U.S. population by 2050, so that is a significant driver in the push to reduce healthcare costs and improve care quality and treatment outcomes for all citizens by the federal government.
As the pandemic has taught us, digital technologies will be a significant foundation for reshaping healthcare services to achieve the quadruple aim of reducing healthcare costs, improving population health and patient experience, and improving the well-being of healthcare teams.
A new alliance announced in May – the Digital Health for Equitable Health Alliance – aims to improve health equity through the expansion of digital health innovations. The alliance membership comprises historically black colleges and universities, patient and physician advocacy organizations, and corporate organizations – they all have the mission to improve access to care in underserved organizations.
The alliance will focus on reducing health disparities for low-income, minority and underserved populations in the U.S. using digital health. The alliance will promote policies and programs to increase individuals’ access to healthcare by expanding innovations involving telehealth, wearables, artificial intelligence and machine learning.
An example of a company focusing on delivering equitable healthcare services via digital technologies is Amazon Web Services. The AWS Healthcare Accelerator has been established to focus on health equity. The accelerator includes a $40 million commitment that the organization made to support start-up entities that are developing solutions to reduce health inequities.
The AWS program will support 10 start-ups with technical, business, and mentorship programs. The start-ups must be U.S.-based or have existing operations in the U.S. if they are international. The start-ups will be considered for funding if they focus on one or more areas, including improving access to health services, reducing disparities by addressing social determinants of health, and leveraging data to promote equitable and inclusive systems of care.
The Digital Health for Equitable Health Alliance and AWS Healthcare Accelerator provide great examples for resolving healthcare inequities in this country.
Aiming to boost social stability
The current U.S. healthcare system is based on providing care to people who have insurance, and a large portion of our population that does not have Medicare or Medicaid does not have access to health insurance through their employer or simply can’t afford the outrageous cost of current healthcare policies. This population of citizens is predominately represented by minorities in underserved communities that local healthcare providers couldn’t care less about supporting.
Emerging digital healthcare solutions where smartphones provide access to symptom checkers can provide diagnostic tools (such as cardiac rhythms and voice biomarkers), identify and resolve SDOH challenges, connect people to community health centers and enable better healthcare for these citizens.
Many organizations have good intentions
While the Digital Health for Equitable Health Alliance and AWS Healthcare Accelerator are good examples of how organizations and companies are stepping forward to resolve the healthcare inequity challenge, these programs cannot falter. Failure to deliver tangible and quickly adopted digital solutions to help impacted populations of citizens will result in social disruption. Payers and pharmaceutical companies need to join these efforts.
Here are some crucial success factors:
Providers should identify minority citizens that qualify for Medicaid, enroll them and use digital health solutions to better manage their healthcare as a starting point.
This country’s healthcare system promotes inequity of care for minority citizens who do not have access to affordable healthcare coverage. Many minority citizens forgo healthcare insurance because it is too expensive, and when they need healthcare, they are often bankrupted for the services they receive.
A visit to an emergency department for a potential stroke evaluation can easily cost $30,000. This significantly impacts the lifestyle of lower-income citizens, who now have additional financial liabilities to contend with.
This is an ethical, moral and social embarrassment for the U.S. The pandemic has highlighted the challenges the country faces for delivering care equally across all patient populations. While digital health technologies cannot resolve the access-to-care issue such as insurance affordability, they can improve care delivery with lower cost solutions that improve care quality. Digital technologies will be the foundation for virtual care that is likely to provide more affordable services for low-income citizens if we can price that care fairly.
Mike Davis is an analyst for KLAS Research. This column was originally published on the KLAS website here. | Je, teknolojia za afya za dijiti zinaweza kuboresha upatikanaji wa huduma? Ushirikiano wa Afya ya Dijiti kwa Afya ya Usawa na mipango mingine inakusudia kusaidia utoaji wa huduma kwa wachache na kufikia usawa wa afya. Upatikanaji wa huduma za afya, upatikanaji na utoaji umeharibiwa kwa watu wenye mapato ya chini, wachache na wasio na huduma kwa muda mrefu sana. Katika maeneo mengi ya mji mkuu, wananchi wapo katika jangwa la huduma za afya ambalo hufanya iwe vigumu kwa watu kutafuta huduma za afya wakati wanahitaji au kutoka kwa kudumisha matibabu ya huduma za afya. Hii inamaanisha idadi ya wagonjwa ambao wana hatari kubwa ya kupokea huduma za afya zinazohitajika, na hivyo kuwazuia watoa huduma za afya kupanua huduma kwa raia hawa. Janga la COVID-19 limezidisha pengo kati ya wenye mali na wasio na mali. Makundi mengi ya watu wachache yameshuhudia viwango vya juu vya magonjwa na vifo kutokana na COVID-19. """Vitu muhimu vinavyoendesha ukosefu wa usawa wa huduma za afya ni pamoja na utulivu wa kiuchumi, mazingira ya jirani na ya kimwili, kiwango cha elimu, upatikanaji wa chakula, mazingira ya jamii, usalama na kijamii, na mifumo ya huduma za afya ya jamii." Ripoti ya Altarum inabainisha faida ya kiuchumi ya $ 135 bilioni kwa mwaka ikiwa tofauti za rangi katika afya zitasafishwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na $ 93 bilioni katika gharama za ziada za huduma za matibabu na $ 42 bilioni katika uzalishaji usio na faida. Watu wenye rangi ya rangi wanatarajiwa kuwakilisha asilimia 50 ya idadi ya watu wa Marekani ifikapo mwaka 2050, na hivyo kuwa kichocheo muhimu katika kushinikiza kupunguza gharama za huduma za afya na kuboresha ubora wa huduma na matokeo ya matibabu kwa wananchi wote na serikali ya shirikisho. """Kama janga hilo lilivyotufundisha, teknolojia za dijiti zitakuwa msingi muhimu wa kurekebisha huduma za afya ili kufikia lengo la mara nne la kupunguza gharama za huduma za afya, kuboresha afya ya idadi ya watu na uzoefu wa mgonjwa, na kuboresha ustawi wa timu za huduma za afya." Muungano mpya ulitangazwa mwezi Mei - Digital Health for Equitable Health Alliance - unakusudia kuboresha usawa wa afya kupitia upanuzi wa uvumbuzi wa afya ya dijiti. Ushirikiano huo unajumuisha vyuo vikuu na vyuo vikuu vya kihistoria vya weusi, mashirika ya utetezi wa wagonjwa na madaktari, na mashirika ya ushirika - wote wana utume wa kuboresha upatikanaji wa huduma katika mashirika yasiyo na huduma. Muungano huo utazingatia kupunguza tofauti za afya kwa watu wenye mapato ya chini, wachache na watu wasio na huduma katika Marekani kwa kutumia afya ya dijiti. Muungano huo utaendeleza sera na programu za kuongeza upatikanaji wa huduma za afya kwa watu binafsi kwa kupanua uvumbuzi unaohusisha telehealth, vifaa vya kuvaa, akili bandia na kujifunza mashine. Mfano wa kampuni inayozingatia utoaji wa huduma za afya za usawa kupitia teknolojia za dijiti ni Huduma za Mtandao za Amazon. AWS Healthcare Accelerator imeanzishwa ili kuzingatia usawa wa afya. Msaada huo unajumuisha ahadi ya $ 40 milioni ambayo shirika hilo lilifanya kusaidia mashirika ya kuanza ambayo yanaunda suluhisho za kupunguza ukosefu wa usawa wa afya. Programu ya AWS itasaidia waanzilishi 10 na programu za kiufundi, biashara, na ushauri. Kampuni mpya lazima iwe na makao yake makuu nchini Marekani au kuwa na shughuli zilizopo nchini Marekani ikiwa ni kimataifa. Kampuni mpya zitazingatiwa kwa ufadhili ikiwa zinazingatia eneo moja au zaidi, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuboresha upatikanaji wa huduma za afya, kupunguza tofauti kwa kushughulikia sababu za kijamii za afya, na kutumia data kukuza mifumo ya huduma ya usawa na ya ujumuishaji. The Digital Afya kwa ajili ya Haki ya Afya Alliance na AWS Afya Accelerator kutoa mifano kubwa kwa ajili ya kutatua ukosefu wa haki ya huduma ya afya katika nchi hii. Mfumo wa sasa wa huduma za afya wa Marekani unategemea kutoa huduma kwa watu ambao wana bima, na sehemu kubwa ya idadi yetu ya watu ambao hawana Medicare au Medicaid hawana upatikanaji wa bima ya afya kupitia mwajiri wao au kwa urahisi hawawezi kumudu gharama kubwa ya sera za sasa za huduma za afya. Idadi hii ya raia inawakilishwa hasa na wachache katika jamii zisizo na huduma ambazo watoa huduma za afya wa ndani hawawezi kujali zaidi kuhusu kuunga mkono. Ufumbuzi wa huduma za afya za dijiti zinazojitokeza ambapo simu mahiri hutoa ufikiaji wa wachunguzi wa dalili zinaweza kutoa zana za utambuzi (kama vile rhythms ya moyo na biomarkers za sauti), kutambua na kutatua changamoto za SDH, kuunganisha watu na vituo vya afya vya jamii na kuwezesha huduma bora ya afya kwa raia hawa. "Wakati huo huo, ""Digital Health for Equitable Health Alliance"" na ""AWS Healthcare Accelerator"" ni mifano mizuri ya jinsi mashirika na makampuni yanavyoendelea kuunda changamoto ya usawa wa huduma za afya, programu hizi haziwezi kushindwa." Kushindwa kutoa ufumbuzi halisi na wa haraka wa dijiti kusaidia idadi ya wananchi walioathiriwa kutaongoza kwa usumbufu wa kijamii. Watoaji na makampuni ya dawa wanahitaji kujiunga na juhudi hizi. "Hizi ni baadhi ya sababu muhimu za mafanikio: ""Watoa huduma wanapaswa kutambua wananchi wachache ambao wanastahili Medicaid, kuwaandikisha na kutumia suluhisho za afya za dijiti kusimamia vizuri huduma zao za afya kama hatua ya kuanza.""" Mfumo wa huduma za afya wa nchi hii huendeleza ukosefu wa usawa wa huduma kwa raia wa wachache ambao hawana upatikanaji wa chanjo ya huduma za afya ya bei nafuu. Wananchi wengi wa jamii ndogo-ndogo huacha bima ya afya kwa sababu ni ghali sana, na wanapohitaji huduma za afya, mara nyingi wanashindwa kupata huduma wanazopokea. Kutembelea kituo cha dharura kwa ajili ya uchunguzi wa uwezekano wa kiharusi kunaweza kugharimu dola za Marekani 30,000 kwa urahisi. Hii inaathiri sana mtindo wa maisha wa raia wenye mapato ya chini, ambao sasa wana majukumu ya ziada ya kifedha ya kushughulika nayo. Hii ni aibu ya kimaadili na kijamii kwa Marekani. Janga hilo limeonyesha changamoto ambazo nchi inakabiliwa nazo katika kutoa huduma kwa usawa kwa idadi ya wagonjwa wote. Ingawa teknolojia za afya za dijiti haziwezi kutatua suala la upatikanaji wa huduma kama vile gharama ya bima, zinaweza kuboresha utoaji wa huduma na suluhisho la gharama ya chini ambayo inaboresha ubora wa huduma. Teknolojia za dijiti zitakuwa msingi wa huduma ya virtual ambayo inaweza kutoa huduma za bei nafuu kwa wananchi wenye mapato ya chini ikiwa tunaweza bei ya huduma hiyo kwa haki. Mike Davis ni mchambuzi wa KLAS Utafiti. Makala hii ilichapishwa awali kwenye tovuti ya KLAS hapa. | <urn:uuid:abddf30c-b30b-41ba-88f1-0cb0a63d14d7> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.healthdatamanagement.com/articles/can-digital-health-technologies-improve-access-to-care?id=131686 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
An Exploration of Galatians: Children Held in Bondage
Galatians 4:1-3; Colossians 2:8 - Legalism binds us back into an immature childhood of faith; Grace removes us from these elemental things and “cause and effect”.
“Now I say, as long as the heir is a child, he does not differ at all from a slave although he is owner of everything, but he is under guardians and managers until the date set by the father. So also we, while we were children, were held in bondage under the elemental things of the world.”
Galatians 4:1-3 NASB1995
Paul begins chapter four of Galatians by talking about a child as an heir. This child will eventually become owner of everything in the household, but really has fewer rights in childhood than a slave in the household until he comes “of age”. Enduring Word has some relevant commentary about verses 1 and 2 and gives us some insight into Roman customs:
The heir, as long as he is a child: The word child has the idea of a minor. It doesn’t suggest a specific age, rather someone who is not yet legally recognized as an adult.
In both Jewish and Greek cultures, there were definite “coming of age” ceremonies where a boy stopped being a child and started being a man, with legal rights as an heir.
In the Roman custom, there was no specific age when the son became a man. It happened when the father thought the boy was ready. When Paul used the phrase until the time appointed by the father, he shows that he had the Roman “coming of age” custom more in mind than the Jewish custom.
“A Roman child became an adult at the sacred family festival known as the Liberalia, held annually on the seventeenth of March. At this time the child was formally adopted by the father as his acknowledged son and heir and received the toga virilis in place of the toga praetexta which he had previously worn.” (James Montgomery Boice)
“There was a Roman custom that on the day a boy or a girl grew up, the boy offered his ball, and the girl her doll, to Apollo to show that they had put away childish things.” (William Barclay)
As long as he is a child, does not differ at all from a slave, though he is master of all: Think of a wealthy ancient household, with a young boy who is destined to inherit all that his father has. When the boy is just a child, he actually has less day-to-day freedom and authority than a high ranking slave in the household. Yet, he is destined to inherit everything and the slave isn’t.
In fact, the heir is under the strict care of guardians and stewards until the time appointed by the father.
Paul is addressing the Galatians as being like children, wanting to go back to the legal guardianship and stewardship of their lives. They think that by adopting the requirements that the Judaizers are bringing to them that they will have spiritual maturity, but the opposite is true. This commentary from Precept Austin quoting the late Baptist preacher and writer Warren Weirsbe (from his book “Be Free: An Expository Study of Galatians”) is spot on:
One of the tragedies of legalism is that it gives the appearance of spiritual maturity when, in reality, it leads the believer back into a “second childhood” of Christian experience. The Galatian Christians, like most believers, wanted to grow and go forward for Christ; but they were going about it in the wrong way. Their experience is not too different from that of Christians today who get involved in various legalistic movements, hoping to become better Christians. Their motives may be right, but their methods are wrong.
This is the truth Paul is trying to get across to his beloved converts in Galatia. The Judaizers had bewitched them into thinking that the Law would make them better Christians. Their old nature felt an attraction for the Law because the Law enabled them to do things and measure external results. As they measured themselves and their achievements, they felt a sense of accomplishment, and, no doubt, a little bit of pride. They thought they were going forward when actually they were regressing. Such people are in a situation similar to the airplane passengers who heard their pilot announce: “Our navigator has lost our position, folks, and we have been flying rather aimlessly for over an hour. That’s the bad news. But the good news is that we are making very good time.”
This reminds me of the days we attended an ELCA church and worked as ushers at one of the services. There were many little processes that seemed like a good idea at the time we were there, like doing head counts during the service and picking up the sheets that were in a book at the end of each aisle after the last service of the weekend where people could sign their names and indicate whether they were members or visitors. In fact, we helped the church by creating a process manual for the ushers so that nothing was missed, including cleaning out the coffee pots. We were “doing things” and “measuring results”, although I don’t know if anything was really done as a follow-up for the people who were visitors. Apparently, all of these numbers had to be turned over to the Synod on a regular basis (something to do with distribution of funds, I think). We were making good time!
As anyone who attends a Lutheran church knows (and this is true of many other denominations), there is a complicated series of rituals associated with the “church calendar year”, with different colored robes and altar linens and even the types of hymns that would be sung and what is read at the readings (which are directed at the Synod level). These rituals (really thinly disguised tiny legalisms) make people “comfortable”. I’m not criticizing these rituals as they have a centuries-old foundation that is quite noble and they help people feel at home who love order and ritual in their lives, but it is a truly different life for us now in a non-denominational church, where the focus is on Jesus from January 1 through December 31 and not on the “elements” of the “15th Sunday after Pentecost”.
Speaking of elements, the third verse of this passage today in Galatians is quite intriguing.
So also we, while we were children, were held in bondage under the elemental things of the world.
The picture above makes sense if you dig into the word “elemental”. It comes from the Greek word στοιχεῖον or stocheion and has the following meanings:
any first thing, from which the others belonging to some series or composite whole take their rise, an element, first principal
the letters of the alphabet as the elements of speech, not however the written characters, but the spoken sounds
the elements from which all things have come, the material causes of the universe
the heavenly bodies, either as parts of the heavens or (as others think) because in them the elements of man, life and destiny were supposed to reside
the elements, rudiments, primary and fundamental principles of any art, science, or discipline
i.e. of mathematics, Euclid's geometry
As a trained engineer, I became used to the concept of “stochastic” processes. That word “stochastic” derives from a similar Greek word as the one in this passage (same root) and it is used to characterize “randomness” in processes (like noise in an electrical signal) that can be modeled in a randomized statistical distribution. The movement of water (known as Brownian motion) is a “stochastic” process, as are the movements of subatomic particles. So we are held in bondage to the elemental (and often seemingly random) processes of the material world when we are mere children in the faith.
Once again, I am impressed with the commentary in Enduring Word, emphasizing a shift from elemental processes (in this case, “cause and effect”) to Grace:
Elements of the world: Paul uses an interesting phrase here. “To describe it Paul uses the word stoicheia. A stocheion was originally a line of things; for instance, it can mean a file of soldiers. But it came to mean the ABC, and then any elementary knowledge.” (William Barclay)
[Alan] Cole translates the idea: “So too, we, when we were ‘young children,’ were kept in slavery to the ABC of the universe.”
The idea of the “ABC of the universe” is important. If there is any “ABC of the universe” (elementary principle) that we must break free from, and that is stressed in pagan religion just as much as Jewish law, it is the principle of cause and effect. One may call it karma or “you get what you deserve” or something else; yet it rules nature and the minds of men. We live under the idea that we get what we deserve; when we are good we deserve to receive good and when we are bad we deserve to receive bad.
Paul told the Galatians to go beyond this “ABC of the universe” into an understanding of God’s grace. Grace contradicts this “ABC of the universe,” because under grace God does not deal with us on the basis of what we deserve. Our good cannot justify us under grace; our bad need not condemn us. God’s blessing and favor is given on a principle completely apart from the “ABC of the universe.” His blessing and favor is given for reasons that are completely in Him, and have nothing to do with us.
The “ABC of the universe” is not bad in itself. We do and must use it in life, and God has a proper place for it. But we must not base our relationship to God on this principle. Since we are now under grace, He does not deal with us on the principle of earning and deserving. Because this is such an elementary principle, it is so hard for us to shake this kind of thinking. But it is essential if we will walk in grace. When we live on the principle of earning and deserving before God, we live in bondage under the elements of the world.
Our physical existence relies on the elemental structures of the Universe. But God created this universe and the mathematical laws that govern material properties. We can step outside of our bondage to mere “cause and effect” and come under a radical concept of Grace, which is given by Him, who is apart from and above the “ABC” of the universe. Our “good” is not good enough; our “bad” need not condemn us. False teachings come to us under these elemental principles, as referenced in Colossians 2:8 (referenced in the Enduring Word commentary above):
“See to it that no one takes you captive through philosophy and empty deception, according to the tradition of men, according to the elementary principles of the world, rather than according to Christ.”
Colossians 2:8 NASB1995
My next devotional examines Galatians 4:4-7, Celebrating Abba our Father.
Heaven on Wheels Daily Prayer:
Dear Lord - Thank You for GRACE, the supernatural and marvelous outpouring of Your Love that helps us step out of bondage to the elemental principles of this physical life and the trap of legalism and “cause and effect”. Amen
Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org
Commentary from Enduring Word by David Guzik is used with written permission.
The Blue Letter Bible was accessed on 12/1/2023 to review the lexicon for the word “elemental”
The personal testimony of Bruce Hurt, creator of Precept Austin, can be found Here. | "Kutoka kwa Warumi 4: 1-3 ""Wana Wenye Utumwa"" (Kolosai 2: 8) ""Sheria inatukumbusha utoto wa imani usio na ukomavu, neema inatukomboa kutoka kwa mambo haya ya msingi na sababu na matokeo." "Nena, Mrithi, akiwa mtoto, si tofauti na mtumwa, ingawa ni mwenye vitu vyote; bali yuko chini ya walezi na wasimamizi, mpaka wakati uliowekwa na baba.""" "Kwa hiyo, wakati tulikuwa watoto, tulikuwa tumetumwa na mambo ya msingi ya ulimwengu."" - Wagalatia 4:1-3 (NWT) Paulo anaanza sura ya nne ya barua yake kwa kusema juu ya ""mtoto"" kuwa mrithi." Mtoto huyu hatimaye atakuwa mmiliki wa kila kitu katika nyumba, lakini kweli ana haki chache katika utoto kuliko mtumwa katika nyumba mpaka anapata <unk>of umri<unk>. "Kwa mfano, katika kitabu cha Enduring Word, Biblia inasema hivi kuhusu mrithi: ""Mrithi, maadamu ni mtoto, ni mtoto mdogo.""" Haionyeshi umri maalum, bali mtu ambaye bado hajatambuliwa kisheria kama mtu mzima. Katika tamaduni zote mbili za Kiyahudi na Kigiriki, kulikuwa na sherehe za "kufikia umri" ambapo mvulana aliacha kuwa mtoto na kuanza kuwa mwanamume, akiwa na haki za kisheria za kuwa mrithi. Katika desturi ya Kiroma, hakukuwa na umri hususa ambapo mwana angekuwa mwanamume. Jambo hilo lilitukia wakati baba alipofikiri kwamba mvulana huyo alikuwa tayari. "Paulo alipotumia maneno ""hadi wakati uliowekwa na baba,"" alionyesha kwamba alikuwa akifikiria desturi ya Waroma ya ""kufikia umri wa miaka"" kuliko desturi ya Kiyahudi." <unk> Mtoto Mroma alikuja kuwa mtu mzima katika sherehe takatifu ya familia inayojulikana kama Liberalia, iliyofanywa kila mwaka tarehe kumi na saba ya Machi. "Mwanamume huyo alipewa jina la ""Togha virilis"" na baba yake, na kupewa jina la ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Togha virilis"" na ""Toghailis"" na ""Toghailis"" na ""Toghailis"" na ""Toghailis"" na ""Toghailis"" na ""Toghailis"" na ""Toghailis"" na ""Toghailis"" na ""Toghailis"" na ""Toghailis"" na ""Toghailis"" na Mvulana huyo anapokuwa mtoto mdogo, hana uhuru na mamlaka ya kila siku kama mtumwa wa cheo cha juu katika nyumba. Hata hivyo, yeye amepangwa kurithi kila kitu na mtumwa si. Kwa maana mrithi yuko chini ya uangalizi mkali wa walinzi na wasimamizi wa mali mpaka wakati uliowekwa na baba. Paulo anawaita Wagalatia kama watoto, wakitaka kurudi kwa utunzaji wa kisheria na usimamizi wa maisha yao. Wanafikiri kwamba kwa kukubali matakwa ambayo Wayahudi wanawaletea watakuwa na ukomavu wa kiroho, lakini kinyume ni kweli. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika kitabu cha Precept Austin, ""Mwanzo wa Sheria"" ni kwamba sheria ya kidini inaonekana kuwa imekomaa kiroho, lakini kwa kweli inaongoza mwamini kurudi katika ""utoto wa pili"" wa uzoefu wa Kikristo." Wakristo wa Galatia, kama waamini wengi, walitaka kukua na kuendelea kwa ajili ya Kristo; lakini walikuwa wakifanya hivyo kwa njia isiyofaa. Mambo yao hayatofautiani sana na yale ya Wakristo wa leo ambao hujiingiza katika harakati mbalimbali za kisheria, wakitumaini kuwa Wakristo bora. Huenda nia zao zikawa sahihi, lakini mbinu zao ni mbaya. Paulo anajaribu kuwaeleza Wakristo wake wa Galatia ukweli huu. Wafuasi wa dini ya Kiyahudi walikuwa wamewashinda kwa kuwafanya wafikiri kwamba Sheria ingewafanya wawe Wakristo bora. Utu wao wa zamani ulivutiwa na Sheria kwa sababu Sheria iliwawezesha kufanya mambo na kupima matokeo ya nje. Walipokuwa wakijipima na kutathmini mafanikio yao, walihisi wamepata mafanikio, na bila shaka, walijivunia jambo hilo. Walifikiri walikuwa wakiendelea mbele wakati kwa kweli walikuwa wakirudi nyuma. "Watu kama hao wako katika hali kama ya abiria wa ndege ambao walimsikia rubani wao akitangaza: ""Msimamizi wetu amepoteza nafasi yetu, watu, na tumekuwa tukiruka bila kusudi kwa zaidi ya saa moja.""" Hiyo ni habari mbaya. Lakini habari njema ni kwamba tunafanya wakati mzuri sana. <unk> Hii inanikumbusha siku tulizohudhuria kanisa la ELCA na kufanya kazi kama waongozaji katika moja ya huduma. """Kulikuwa na taratibu nyingi ndogo ambazo zilionekana kama wazo nzuri wakati tulikuwa huko, kama kufanya hesabu ya watu wakati wa huduma na kuchukua karatasi ambazo zilikuwa katika kitabu mwishoni mwa kila aisle baada ya huduma ya mwisho ya mwishoni mwa wiki ambapo watu wangeweza kusaini majina yao na kuonyesha kama walikuwa wanachama au wageni." Kwa kweli, tulisaidia kanisa kwa kuunda mwongozo wa mchakato kwa wajumbe ili kwamba hakuna kitu kilichopungukiwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na kusafisha vyombo vya kahawa. Tulikuwa <unk>kufanya mambo<unk> na <unk>kupima matokeo<unk>, ingawa sijui kama kitu chochote kilikuwa kweli kufanyika kama ufuatiliaji kwa watu ambao walikuwa wageni. Kwa hivyo, ni lazima iwe ni lazima kwa kila mtu kuamua kwa mara kwa mara kama ni lazima kuamua kwa mara kwa mara (kwa mfano, kwa sababu ya kugawanya fedha). Tulikuwa tukifanya wakati mzuri! Kama mtu yeyote anayehudhuria kanisa la Kilutheri anajua (na hii ni kweli kwa madhehebu mengine mengi), kuna mfululizo tata wa desturi zinazohusiana na <unk>mwaka wa kalenda ya kanisa<unk>, na mavazi ya rangi tofauti na vitambaa vya madhabahu na hata aina za nyimbo ambazo zingekuwa zinaimbwa na kile kinachosomwa katika usomaji (ambayo inaelekezwa kwa kiwango cha Sinodi). Desturi hizi (kweli thinly disguised legalisms ndogo) kufanya watu <unk>comfortable<unk>. "Sikosoi desturi hizi kwa kuwa zina msingi wa karne nyingi ambao ni wa kifahari sana na husaidia watu kuhisi nyumbani ambao wanapenda utaratibu na desturi katika maisha yao, lakini ni maisha tofauti kabisa kwetu sasa katika kanisa lisilo la kidini, ambapo lengo ni juu ya Yesu kutoka Januari 1 hadi Desemba 31 na sio juu ya ""vitu"" vya Jumapili ya 15 baada ya Pentekoste." Kwa kuongea na mambo ya msingi, mstari wa tatu wa kifungu hiki leo katika Wagalatia ni wa kuvutia sana. """Kwa hiyo sisi pia, tulipokuwa watoto, tulikuwa tumetumwa chini ya mambo ya msingi ya ulimwengu." Picha iliyo hapo juu ina maana ikiwa utachunguza neno <unk>elemental<unk>. "Neno hili linatokana na neno la Kigiriki ""stochion"" na lina maana ya ""kitu cha kwanza, ambacho wengine wanachukuliwa kutoka kwa mfululizo au mchanganyiko, kiungo, kwanza herufi za alfabeti kama vitu vya usemi, sio herufi zilizoandikwa, lakini sauti zilizozungumzwa, vitu ambavyo vitu vyote vimetoka, sababu za vitu vya ulimwengu, miili ya mbinguni, ama kama sehemu ya mbingu au kama wengine wanavyofikiria, kwa sababu ndani yao vitu vya mwanadamu, maisha na hatima vinapaswa kuwa." ya hisabati, jiometri ya Euclid Kama mhandisi aliyezoezwa, nilizoea dhana ya michakato ya "stochastic". Neno stochastic linatokana na neno la Kigiriki linalofanana na lile lililo katika kifungu hiki (mzizi uleule) na linatumiwa kuelezea "asili ya bahati mbaya" katika michakato (kama kelele katika ishara ya umeme) ambayo inaweza kuigwa katika usambazaji wa takwimu wa nasibu. Harakati ya maji (inayojulikana kama harakati ya Brownian) ni mchakato wa "stochastic", kama vile harakati za chembechembe za subatomic. Kwa hiyo, sisi ni watumwa wa mambo ya msingi (na mara nyingi ya kuonekana kuwa ya bahati mbaya) ya ulimwengu wa vitu vya kimwili, wakati sisi ni watoto tu katika imani. "Kwa mara nyingine tena, nimevutiwa na maelezo katika Neno la Kudumu, yakikazia mabadiliko kutoka kwa michakato ya msingi (katika kesi hii, ""sababishi na matokeo") hadi Neema: ""Vitu vya ulimwengu"" - Paulo anatumia usemi wa kuvutia hapa." <unk> Ili kueleza hali hiyo, Paulo anatumia neno stoicheia. Mwanzoni, neno stocheion lilimaanisha mstari wa vitu; kwa mfano, linaweza kumaanisha safu ya askari. "Kwa hivyo, kwa sababu ya kuwa na ABC, na kwa sababu ya kuwa na ABC, na kwa sababu ya kuwa na ABC, na kwa sababu ya kuwa na ABC, na kwa sababu ya kuwa na ABC, na kwa sababu ya kuwa na ABC, na kwa sababu ya kuwa na ABC, na kwa sababu ya kuwa na ABC, na kwa sababu ya kuwa na ABC, na kwa sababu ya kuwa na ABC, na kwa sababu ya kuwa na ABC.""" Kama kuna "ABC ya ulimwengu" (kanuni ya msingi) ambayo ni lazima tuondoke, na ambayo inasisitizwa katika dini ya kipagani kama vile sheria ya Kiyahudi, ni kanuni ya sababu na matokeo. Mtu anaweza kuiita karma au "unapata kile unachostahili" au kitu kingine; hata hivyo inaongoza asili na akili za watu. Tunaishi chini ya wazo kwamba tunapata kile tunachostahili; tunapokuwa wazuri tunastahili kupokea mema, na tunapokuwa wabaya tunastahili kupokea mabaya. Paulo aliwaambia Wagalatia waende zaidi ya "ABC ya ulimwengu" hii katika uelewa wa neema ya Mungu. Neema inapingana na hii <unk>ABC ya ulimwengu,<unk> kwa sababu chini ya neema Mungu haishughuliki nasi kwa msingi wa kile tunachostahili. Mambo yetu mema hayawezi kutuhakikishia chini ya neema; mambo yetu mabaya hayana haja ya kutuhukumu. Baraka na neema ya Mungu hutolewa kwa kanuni tofauti kabisa na "ABC ya ulimwengu" Baraka na neema yake hutolewa kwa sababu ambazo ziko ndani yake kabisa, na hazina uhusiano wowote na sisi. "ABC ya ulimwengu" si mbaya yenyewe. Tunapaswa kuitumia katika maisha yetu, na Mungu ana mahali pazuri pa kuitumia. Lakini hatupaswi kutegemea uhusiano wetu na Mungu juu ya kanuni hii. Kwa kuwa sasa tuko chini ya neema, Yeye hatutendei kwa kanuni ya kupata na kustahili. Kwa sababu hii ni kanuni ya msingi, ni vigumu sana kwetu kutikisa aina hii ya kufikiri. Lakini ni muhimu kama tutatembea katika neema. Tunapofanya kazi kwa bidii na kwa bidii, tunaishi katika utumwa wa vitu vya ulimwengu. Uwepo wetu wa kimwili unategemea miundo ya msingi ya Ulimwengu. Mungu ndiye aliyeumba ulimwengu na sheria za hisabati zinazodhibiti vitu. Tunaweza kutembea nje ya utumwa wetu kwa sababu na athari tu na kuja chini ya dhana ya kimkakati ya neema, ambayo hutolewa na Yeye ambaye ni mbali na juu ya ABC ya ulimwengu. "Mzuri" wetu si mzuri wa kutosha; "mbaya" yetu haihitaji kutuhukumu. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika Wakolosai 2:8 (kuzungumzia maelezo ya Neno la Kudumu hapo juu): ""Jihadharini mtu asiwachukue kwa falsafa na udanganyifu wa bure, kulingana na mapokeo ya watu, kulingana na kanuni za msingi za ulimwengu, badala ya kulingana na Kristo.""" "Sala ya kila siku ya ""Heaven on Wheels"" - Bwana mpendwa, asante kwa neema, mtiririko wa ajabu wa upendo wako ambao hutusaidia kutoka katika utumwa wa kanuni za msingi za maisha ya kimwili na mtego wa sheria na sababu na athari." "Kutoka kwa ""The New American Standard Bible"" (NASB) na ""The New American Standard Bible"" (NASB) na ""The New American Standard Bible"" (NASB) na ""The New American Standard Bible"" (NASB) na ""The New American Standard Bible"" (NASB) na ""The New American Standard Bible"" (NASB) na ""The New American Standard Bible"" (NASB) na ""The New American Standard Bible"" (NASB) na ""The New American Standard Bible"" (NASB)." Inatumiwa kwa ruhusa. Haki zote zimehifadhiwa. Lockman.org Maelezo kutoka Enduring Word na David Guzik hutumiwa kwa ruhusa ya maandishi. "Biblia ya herufi ya bluu ilifikiwa tarehe 12 12 12 23 ili kukagua kamusi ya neno ""elemental"" Ushuhuda wa kibinafsi wa Bruce Hurt, muundaji wa kanuni ya Austin, unaweza kupatikana hapa." | <urn:uuid:c6a43844-558c-4378-a25f-d53aa4f1515b> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.heavenonwheels.org/p/an-exploration-of-galatians-children | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
National Piercing Day
According to the latest research, humans have been getting piercings for over 12,000 years. That means that piercing has been around even longer than agriculture, which developed around 10,000 years ago. And it’s still embraced by millions upon millions of people around the world. It’s so ingrained in human culture, someone even decided to give it its own special holiday. The holiday we speak of is National Piercing Day, and it’s observed every May 16th by people all across the U.S. and around the globe.
The History Of National Piercing Day
Even though no one really knows the origins of this holiday, it’s believed that it began in 2007 by a group of friends who considered themselves to be body piercing enthusiasts. One member of the group remarked that there should be a National Piercing Day, and the holiday sort of took off from that point on. Now it’s celebrated by people all over.
Interesting Facts About Body Piercings
We’re all ready to celebrate National Piercing Day, but there’s one more thing that we need to do, and that’s to tell you some interesting facts about body piercings. Below is everything that we know about body piercings that you might want to know so that you can share them with friends and family on this holiday.
The Majority Of Americans Have Their Earlobes Pierced
According to the people who keep track of important things, approximately 8 out of 10 Americans have or have had at least one earlobe piercing. About 14% of Americans have piercings beyond just the earlobes and have other parts of their body pierced.
People Can Be Allergic To Their Piercings
Another thing we want to say is that some people have allergic reactions to their piercings. This is especially true for jewelry that’s made out of white gold, cobalt, or nickel. Nickel is a very common allergen for many people. To avoid the risk of having an allergic reaction to your piercing, you should make sure that the jewelry is made from surgical-grade steel, titanium, or 18-karat gold.
You Can Overclean A Piercing
One thing that many people don’t realize is that you can overclean a piercing as it’s healing. That’s because the point of cleaning the wound is to assist the body in healing itself, and cleaning it too much can actually make it harder for the wound to heal. Light cleaning twice a day is usually sufficient to keep the wound from becoming infected.
Not All U.S. States Regulate The Piercing Industry
Since there’s no federal piercing regulation, it’s up to each individual state to regulate their piercing industry. Unfortunately, not every state does, so it’s up to the consumer to make sure they go to a place that they can trust.
Observing National Piercing Day
This holiday can be observed by getting a new piercing, but that’s not the only way it can be celebrated. It can also be celebrated by giving your favorite piercing shop a favorable review online, by posting a picture of a current or new piercing with the hashtag #NationalPiercingDay, and by watching one of the many documentaries about piercings and their cultural significance. | Siku ya Taifa ya Piercing: Kulingana na utafiti wa hivi karibuni, wanadamu wamekuwa wakipata piercings kwa zaidi ya miaka 12,000! Kwa hivyo, piercing imekuwa karibu zaidi ya kilimo, ambacho kilitengenezwa miaka 10,000 iliyopita. Na bado inakubaliwa na mamilioni na mamilioni ya watu ulimwenguni pote. Ni jambo lililojulikana sana katika utamaduni wa kibinadamu, hata mtu fulani aliamua kulipa sikukuu yake mwenyewe ya pekee. Siku ya Taifa ya Piercing ni siku ya kuadhimisha siku ya kuzaa kwa watu kote nchini Marekani na duniani kote. Siku ya Taifa ya Piercing: Ingawa hakuna mtu anayejua asili ya sikukuu hii, inaaminika kwamba ilianza mnamo 2007 na kikundi cha marafiki ambao walijiona kuwa wapenzi wa kupasua mwili. Mmoja wa washiriki wa kikundi hicho alisema kwamba lazima kuwe na Siku ya Kitaifa ya Kufungua, na likizo hiyo ilianza kuanzia wakati huo. Sasa ni sherehe ya watu kote. Kuna mambo mengi ya kushangaza kuhusu piercing ya mwili, lakini kuna kitu kingine ambacho tunahitaji kufanya, na hiyo ni kukuambia baadhi ya mambo ya kuvutia kuhusu piercing ya mwili. Hapa chini ni maelezo ya jinsi ya kupasua mwili na jinsi ya kupasua mwili, na jinsi ya kupasua mwili na jinsi ya kupasua mwili na jinsi ya kupasua mwili na jinsi ya kupasua mwili na jinsi ya kupasua mwili na jinsi ya kupasua mwili. Kulingana na watu wanaofahamu mambo muhimu, karibu Wamarekani 8 kati ya 10 wana au wamekuwa na angalau piercing moja ya ear. Zaidi ya asilimia 14 ya watu wa Marekani wana piercing kwenye sehemu nyingine za mwili. Watu wanaweza kuwa na mzio kwa piercings yao - Kwa mfano, kuna watu ambao wana mzio kwa piercings zao. Hilo ni kweli hasa kwa vito vilivyotengenezwa kwa dhahabu nyeupe, kobali, au nikeli. Nikeli ni kichocheo cha kawaida sana kwa watu wengi. Ili kuepuka hatari ya kuwa na mzio kwa piercing yako, unapaswa kuhakikisha kwamba vito ni yaliyotengenezwa kutoka upasuaji-grade chuma, titani, au dhahabu 18-karati. Unaweza Overclean Piercing Jambo moja kwamba watu wengi hawajui ni kwamba unaweza overclean piercing kama ni uponyaji. Hiyo ni kwa sababu uhakika wa kusafisha jeraha ni kusaidia mwili katika uponyaji yenyewe, na kusafisha ni sana inaweza kweli kufanya ni vigumu kwa jeraha kuponya. Kwa kawaida kusafisha upesi mara mbili kwa siku kunatosha kuzuia jeraha lisidhurike. Si majimbo yote ya Marekani kudhibiti sekta ya piercing Tangu hakuna serikali ya shirikisho piercing kanuni, ni juu ya kila jimbo binafsi kudhibiti sekta yao piercing. Kwa bahati mbaya, si kila hali inafanya, hivyo ni juu ya watumiaji kuhakikisha wao kwenda mahali ambapo wanaweza kuamini. Kuadhimisha Siku ya Taifa ya Piercing Sikukuu hii inaweza kuchukuliwa kwa kupata piercing mpya, lakini hiyo si njia pekee inaweza kusherehekewa. "Hii inaweza pia kusherehekewa kwa kutoa duka lako la piercing la kupendeza ukaguzi mzuri mtandaoni, kwa kuchapisha picha ya piercing ya sasa au mpya na hashtag #NationalPiercingDay, na kwa kutazama moja ya filamu nyingi za maandishi kuhusu piercings na umuhimu wao wa kitamaduni. """ | <urn:uuid:7b218683-8fa2-4916-9d29-a7c3f921e11b> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.holidayscalendar.com/event/national-piercing-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
When we think of climate change deniers, tea partiers and republicans often come to mind. But some of the most troubling stumbling blocks to reducing greenhouse gases come from urban liberals and left-leaning environmental groups who oppose burning municipal solid waste to produce energy.
In California, when new Waste To Energy plants (WTEs) are proposed, they run into buzz saws of liberal opposition. Consequently, California leads the nation in landfilling, at 28 million tons. Plans to increase the volume of waste burned at a Minneapolis WTE facility have been blocked for four years, and the issue recently divided the Democratic candidates for mayor. So they landfill the extra instead. From New York to Massachusetts to Rhode Island to Pennsylvania to Maine, opposition has delayed or stopped WTE plants across the nation, largely in liberal-controlled urban areas.
But the opposition is misguided. Today's Waste To Energy plants (WTEs) are not your granddaddy's trash burners, and some liberal groups, like the Center for American Progress, are starting to look at the actual science and reevaluate long-held assumptions in light of new information and increasing concern over climate change. When they do, they are finding that today's Waste To Energy plants look surprisingly good for the environment and for fighting climate change.
How Waste To Energy Plants Work
Source: Covanta Energy, one of the two major US WTE operators.
Reduce, reuse, recycle--and then what?
Americans generate about 390 million tons of trash every year--as much as 7 pounds per day for every man, woman and child. The problem ranks with energy, food, population and the economy as one of the biggest issues humans need to tackle to create a sustainable world. The US recycles and composts about 94 million tons of that waste, or roughly 24%, but could do much, much more.
Even if the US doubled its rate of recycling, there would still be hundreds of millions of tons of post-recycled, post composted solid waste. What you do with it is the question, and there are two options: dump it in a landfill or burn it/gasify it for energy.
Liberals, overwhelmingly, are choosing to dump, which science shows is the most polluting alternative. Because of liberal opposition, almost no WTEs have been built in the United States for twenty years, despite the science-based classification of WTE as clean or renewable energy by the EPA and 31 state environmental agencies.
Things are very different in green-conscious Europe. While the US has just 89 WTE facilities, Europe has 420 and is building more. Northern Europe, the most environmentally-conscious part of the continent, is also where the most WTEs are located.
WTE construction in the US is being held back by fears that burning trash will cause people to reduce their recycling effort or will put dangerous toxins into the environment. But are those fears supported by the evidence?
Evidence shows recycling and WTE are complimentary
It is certainly true that maximum recycling effort should be put in to remove all recyclables and compostables before the remaining waste is disposed of in a landfill or a WTE facility. But the worry that WTEs reduce recycling rates does not appear to be borne out by the evidence, which shows that to the contrary, they tend to be associated with increased recycling effort.
The five European nations with the highest recycling rates--Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, and Sweden--also have among the highest WTE usage, to the point that they have reduced landfill use to less than one percent of their waste. Sweden even competes to import waste. While this is questionably desirable, it does not appear to have reduced their recycling effort, which is higher than the twenty two other European nations.
In America, by contrast, where environmental groups frequently portray the issue as an either/or choice between recycling and WTEs, both rates are much lower, and a whopping 69 percent of US municipal solid waste winds up in landfills.
As in Europe, the trend of increased recycling rates in communities that use WTE also holds in the US, where communities that have a WTE plant show higher recycling rates than the national average.
Finally, recycling itself is not without waste. For example, recycling mixed paper leaves a 15 percent residue that itself has to be disposed of somehow.
Clearly, recycling and WTE can and do go hand-in-hand in a responsible waste management plan, and co-promotion by environmental groups would likely increase both WTE and recycling, both of which are preferable to landfilling in the waste management hierarchy.
Clean air technology cuts emissions to near-zero
While trash burners once did put dangerous toxins into the air, in the last ten years WTE pollution control technology has become so advanced that the most common and dangerous toxins have been almost completely eliminated, something that the environmental groups who still oppose WTEs rarely mention.
Under the Clean Air Act, WTE facilities are required to be equipped with the most modern air pollution control technology available to ensure that smokestack emissions are safe for human health and the environment. This new equipment must meet or exceed the EPA's Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Standards. WTE plant emissions are far below the limits the EPA set as safe, and get better all the time.
The Minneapolis WTE facility, for example, uses the following process to control their emissions:
- Air is injected into the boiler to control nitrogen oxide emissions.
- Activated carbon is injected into the exhaust gases to control mercury.
- Flue gases then pass through a dry scrubber, where a lime slurry is injected to control sulfur dioxide and hydrochloric acid.
- Combustion gases pass through a bag house containing a series of fabric filters to remove particulate matter (ash), metals and dioxins.
Emissions are monitored on a continuous basis for multiple pollutants.
Using the antiscience playbook
Another common tactic is to use EPA data stating that trash burning is the largest source of cancer-causing dioxins. This is true, but the data refer to the uncontrolled backyard barrel burning of trash, and specifically not to WTEs.
These are the sort of antiscience tactics--quoting old data, misattributing data or results, cherry picking data--that have been used by climate change deniers.
Testing shows the ash to be non-toxic and it is widely used
WTEs reduce the volume of trash by about 90 percent, leaving about 10 percent in the form of ash that still needs to be landfilled unless it can be used elsewhere. Opponents often argue that the ash is toxic, but the EPA developed a test called the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure that tests the ash with an acidic liquid, causing any of forty identified contaminants, or reactive metals such as cadmium, to leach out. If these metals are found in amounts greater than a fraction of a percent, the ash is considered hazardous. Scientists have tested ash from every WTE facility in the country over the course of several years, and the tests have consistently shown that the ash is non-hazardous.
Consequently, about 3 million tons of concrete-like ash, or more than one-third of all WTE residue, are being reused annually as roadbed material, as daily and final landfill cover, as an aggregate in road construction, as an additive to asphalt, in the construction of artificial reefs, and in cement blocks. WTE operators are actively looking for other ways to reuse the concrete-like ash renewably instead of disposing of the balance in landfills. Mixing it into concrete is one solution that offsets the production of cement, which otherwise accounts for 5% of the world's carbon emissions.
The big one: WTEs fight climate change
Burning trash puts large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. And the atmosphere is already at a dangerously high 400 parts per million of carbon dioxide--higher than it has been in at least 600,000 years. 350 parts per million is the maximum level many climate scientists consider safe and sustainable, which is still considerably higher than the roughly 290 ppm it was at the beginning of the industrial revolution.
Classed as low-carbon, renewable energy. But it turns out that while WTEs do emit greenhouse gases, they emit far fewer GHGs on a ton-for-ton basis than America's current practice of landfilling. In fact, 31 state pollution control agencies and two US territories now class WTEs as renewable energy and as preferable to landfilling. To understand why, consider a ton of post-recycled, post-composted trash in either of two scenarios: landfilled, or burned for energy with pollution capture technology.
Half of post-recycled MSW is part of the carbon cycle already. First, roughly 53 percent of post-recyled, post-composted trash is still derived from organic materials and so is part of Earth's carbon cycle anyway. Burning it does not increase the atmosphere's carbon load.
One ton MSW burned prevents one ton GHGs. Burning the remaining 47 percent, which is derived from petroleum carbon, prevents other, worse emissions. According to the EPA, every ton of garbage processed at a WTE facility actually prevents approximately one ton of emitted carbon-dioxide equivalent from going into the atmosphere.
Methane is a far worse GHG. One way this happens is by reducing landfilling. Landfills are the US's largest emitter of methane, a very potent greenhouse gas. According to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fourth Assessment on Climate Change, in a 20-year window methane is 72 times more potent a greenhouse gas than cardon dioxide. Capped landfills now have the technology to capture methane, but only about 34 percent of that methane is actually used to generate electricity. The rest leaks away or is flared off, and nothing at all is captured for the first few decades that a landfill sits open while being filled.
Metal recycling is built in to WTE. Next, post-recycled trash still contains millions of tons of metals that are sent to landfills. At a WTE facility, those metals are automatically reclaimed and recycled as a part of its normal filtration process. This saves the time, materials, energy, emissions and environmental disruption of mining for an equivalent amount of new minerals. The WTE operator Covanta Energy recycled 415,000 tons of ferrous and 16,800 tons of non-ferrous metals in 2012 alone--enough steel to build 28 Brooklyn Bridges and and enough aluminum to produce over one billion beverage cans.
The aluminum that is reclaimed by WTEs from the already post-recycled waste is particularly important. Recycling one ton of aluminum prevents a whopping 13.7 tons of GHG emissions, compared to 4.3 tons for office paper and 2.5 tons for newspaper. Recycling a ton of ferrous metal prevents 1.7 tons of GHG emissions. None of this is recaptured when a truck tips its load into a landfill.
Cutting waste transportation cuts carbon. WTE facilities are sited close to where the waste is generated, in or near urban areas. This eliminates much of the carbon emitted by hauling waste to a distant landfill. In 2011, New York City spent more than $300 million transporting its trash by train and truck-- roughly 12,000 tons a day--to landfills as far as 300 miles away, emitting tons more carbon and wearing down roads and vehicles in the process. In some cases, such as e-waste, the US is now even exporting its waste to third world countries, vastly compounding its carbon contribution.
Energy generated offsets fossil fuels. WTE facilities generate heat and electricity, reducing the burning of fossil fuels for those same purposes. For example, the Minneapolis WTE facility currently generates enough electricity to power 25,000 homes, and enough steam to heat 1,500. Their proximity also means less heat and electricity are lost in transit.
Lower carbon than fossil fuel. According to the EPA burning municipal solid waste (MSW) in WTEs emits less carbon dioxide per megawatt hour than fossil fuels, including natural gas.
New gasification technologies coming online promise even greater energy capture and lower emissions than WTE by incineration.
Cleaning up U.S. lakes and rivers
Leachate is a hazardous tea created when rain percolates through garbage. Landfills capture this leachate and pump it to a treatment facility, where pollutants are removed through biological and chemical processes, then it is discharged into public waterways. But these treatment facilities rarely have the expensive reverse osmosis filters necessary to capture pharmaceuticals and other bioactive chemical products. These agents are turning up in groundwater throughout the United States and polluting even remote lakes and rivers. Their presence affects fish and other aquatic species, and they are now found in several municipal water supplies that are drawn from pharmaceutically polluted waters.
WTE facilities provide a safe way to destroy pharmaceuticals and other bioactive products that are disposed of in landfills or that people flush down the toilet. The high temperature of WTE combustion completely destroys the chemicals, rendering them inactive and ensuring cleaner lakes, rivers, and human water supplies and less pharmaceuticals and bioactive agents entering the food chain and affecting public health.
The times they are a changin'
So with all these benefits--efficiency, clean energy, reduced greenhouse gases, reduced transportation and road repair, reduced mining, freeing green space otherwise used for landfills, protecting groundwater and public waters, keeping the food chain cleaner, recycling metals--why haven't US liberals, who control the politics in many metropolitan areas where WTEs should be being built, been all over them like they have been in Europe? The answer lies in the history of the American public's views toward science.
Suspicion of corporations and of hidden dangers to health or the environment have become core and often unquestioned assumptions of the liberal US politics that grew up out of the birth of environmental science and the environmental movement. But these days there is a growing rift between the science and the movement in areas related to energy, climate and waste management. While liberals are justified in their concern about the hidden dangers that pollution can pose to health and the environment, in the case of Waste To Energy plants that view has not kept pace with the facts. This has led them to adopt policies that are less effective than other countries when it comes to managing waste and fighting climate change.
It's time for a change. American liberals and environmentalists who care about climate change need to reexamine the science and get behind expanded recycling and waste to energy programs. Fortunately for the sake of our children, a few bold leaders are starting to do just that.
A version of this article also appears on Ensia.com.
Shawn Lawrence Otto is a science writer, filmmaker, novelist, and the co-founder of ScienceDebate.org, the home of the US presidential science debates. His new book is Fool Me Twice: Fighting the Assault on Science in America. He lives in a wind-powered, passive solar, superinsulated geothermal home he designed and built with his own hands. He recycles, composts and drives a hybrid car. Visit him at www.shawnotto.com and like him on Facebook. Join ScienceDebate.org to get candidates to debate science issues. | Wakati tunapofikiria wakataa mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, waandamanaji wa chai na Republican mara nyingi huja akilini. Lakini baadhi ya vikwazo vikali zaidi kwa kupunguza gesi za chafu zinatoka kwa wakurugenzi wa mijini na vikundi vya kimazingira vya kushoto vinavyopinga kuchoma taka ngumu za manispaa ili kuzalisha nishati. Katika California, wakati mpya Waste To Energy mimea (WTE) ni mapendekezo, wao kukimbia katika buzz saws ya upinzani huria. California inaongoza katika kutupa taka kwa tani milioni 28. Mipango ya kuongeza kiasi cha taka zinazowashwa katika kituo cha WTE cha Minneapolis imezuiwa kwa miaka minne, na suala hilo hivi karibuni liliwagawanya wagombea wa Democrat kwa meya. Kwa hiyo wao huteka hazina ya ziada badala yake. Kutoka New York hadi Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania hadi Maine, upinzani umechelewesha au kusimamisha mitambo ya WTE kote nchini, haswa katika maeneo ya mijini yanayodhibitiwa na uhuru. Lakini upinzani umepotoka. Waste-to-energy (WTE) ni aina ya mashine ya kutengeneza nishati ambayo inaundwa na wanasayansi wa kisasa, na inaundwa na Shirika la Maendeleo ya Amerika (Center for American Progress) na inaonyesha kuwa hali ya hewa inabadilika kwa kasi zaidi. "Wakati wanafanya hivyo, wanagundua kwamba mitambo ya leo ya ""kuondoa taka na kutengeneza nishati"" inaonekana kuwa nzuri kwa mazingira na kupambana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa." Waste-to-energy (WTE) ni moja ya makampuni makubwa ya umeme nchini Marekani. Kupunguza, kutumia tena, kuchakata - na kisha nini? Wamarekani hutengeneza takriban tani milioni 390 za taka kila mwaka - karibu pauni 7 kwa siku kwa kila mwanamume, mwanamke na mtoto. "Tatizo hili linashikamana na nishati, chakula, idadi ya watu na uchumi kama moja ya masuala makubwa ambayo wanadamu wanahitaji kushughulikia ili kuunda ulimwengu endelevu.""" Marekani inazalisha na kuharibu takriban tani milioni 94 za taka, lakini inaweza kufanya mengi zaidi. Hata kama Marekani ingeongeza kiwango chake cha kuchakata mara mbili, bado kungekuwa na mamia ya mamilioni ya tani za taka ngumu baada ya kuchakata na baada ya kuyeyusha. "Kuna njia mbili za kufanya hivyo: kutupa katika mahali pa kuondoa taka au kuichoma kwa ajili ya nishati.""" Wafuasi wa uhuru, kwa wingi, wanachagua kutupa, ambayo sayansi inaonyesha ni mbadala wenye uchafuzi zaidi. Kwa sababu ya upinzani wa uhuru, karibu hakuna WTE zilizojengwa nchini Marekani kwa miaka ishirini, licha ya uainishaji wa sayansi wa WTE kama nishati safi au mbadala na EPA na mashirika 31 ya mazingira ya serikali. Mambo ni tofauti sana katika Ulaya yenye fahamu ya kijani kibichi. Marekani ina vituo vya WTE 89 tu, Ulaya ina 420 na inajenga zaidi. Ulaya ya Kaskazini, sehemu yenye ufahamu zaidi wa mazingira ya bara hilo, pia ni mahali ambapo WTEs nyingi ziko. Ujenzi wa WTE nchini Marekani unazuiwa na hofu kwamba kuchoma takwimu kutasababisha watu kupunguza juhudi zao za kuchakata au kutatoa sumu hatari katika mazingira. Lakini je, hofu hizo zinaungwa mkono na uthibitisho? """Uhakika unaonyesha kuwa kuchakata na WTE ni ziada, ni kweli kwamba juhudi za juu za kuchakata zinapaswa kuwekwa ili kuondoa vitu vyote vinavyoweza kuchakata na kuunganishwa kabla ya taka zilizobaki kutupwa katika mahali pa kuondoa taka au kituo cha WTE." Lakini wasiwasi kwamba WTE hupunguza viwango vya kuchakata haionekani kuwa na ushahidi, ambayo inaonyesha kwamba kinyume chake, huwa na kuhusishwa na juhudi za kuchakata zilizozidiwa. Nchi tano za Ulaya zilizo na viwango vya juu zaidi vya kuchakata - Ujerumani, Uholanzi, Austria, Ubelgiji, na Sweden - pia zina kati ya matumizi ya juu zaidi ya WTE, hadi hatua ambayo wamepunguza matumizi ya takwimu ya taka hadi chini ya asilimia moja ya taka zao. Sweden hata inashindana kuagiza taka. Ingawa hii ni ya kutiliwa shaka, haionekani kuwa imepunguza juhudi zao za kuchakata, ambazo ni za juu kuliko mataifa mengine ishirini na mawili ya Ulaya. Kwa upande mwingine, katika nchi za Ulaya, ambapo makundi ya mazingira mara nyingi kuelezea suala kama ama au uchaguzi kati ya kuchakata na WEEE, viwango vyote ni chini sana, na whopping 69% ya taka ya mji wa Marekani mwisho katika majumba ya taka. Kama ilivyo katika Ulaya, mwenendo wa kuongezeka kwa viwango vya kuchakata katika jamii ambazo hutumia WTE pia unashikilia nchini Marekani, ambapo jamii ambazo zina kiwanda cha WTE zinaonyesha viwango vya kuchakata vya juu kuliko wastani wa kitaifa. Mwishowe, kuchakata vitu hakukuwa bila taka. Kwa mfano, kuchakata karatasi huondoa asilimia 15 ya mabaki ambayo yanapaswa kuondolewa. Kwa kweli, WEEE na WEEE zinaweza na zinaenda mkono kwa mkono katika mpango wa usimamizi wa taka, na kukuza kwa pamoja na makundi ya mazingira kunaweza kuongeza WEEE na usindikaji, ambayo yote ni bora kuliko kutupa taka katika utaratibu wa usimamizi wa taka. Teknolojia ya hewa safi hupunguza uzalishaji wa gesi karibu na sifuri, wakati wazimaji wa taka walipokuwa na sumu hatari katika hewa, katika miaka kumi iliyopita teknolojia ya kudhibiti uchafuzi wa mazingira imekuwa ya hali ya juu sana kwamba sumu za kawaida na hatari zimepunguzwa kabisa, kitu ambacho vikundi vya mazingira vinavyopinga WTE bado havitajwi. Kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Hewa Safi, vituo vya WTE vinapaswa kuwa na vifaa vya kisasa zaidi vya kudhibiti uchafuzi wa hewa ili kuhakikisha kwamba uzalishaji wa moshi ni salama kwa afya ya binadamu na mazingira. Vifaa hivi vinapaswa kukidhi au kuzidi viwango vya EPA vya Teknolojia ya Udhibiti ya Kiwango cha Juu (MACT). "WEEE inazidi ""kufikia kiwango cha usalama"" ambacho EPA imeweka, na inazidi kuwa bora zaidi." Kwa mfano, kituo cha WTE cha Minneapolis hutumia mchakato ufuatao kudhibiti uzalishaji wao: - Hewa huingizwa ndani ya boiler kudhibiti uzalishaji wa oksidi ya nitrojeni. - Makaa ya mawe yenye nguvu huingizwa katika gesi za kutolea nje ili kudhibiti zebaki. - Gesi za moshi kisha hupita kupitia scrubber kavu, ambapo lime slurry ni injected kudhibiti sulfuri dioksidi na asidi hydrochloric. - Gesi ya mwako hupita kupitia nyumba ya mfuko yenye mfululizo wa vichungi vya kitambaa ili kuondoa chembechembe (mvua), metali na dioksini. Utoaji ni kufuatiliwa juu ya msingi wa kuendelea kwa ajili ya uchafuzi mbalimbali. "Kutumia ""kitabu cha michezo cha anti-sayansi"" ni mbinu nyingine ya kawaida ya kutumia takwimu za EPA ambazo zinasema kwamba kuchoma taka ni chanzo kikubwa cha dioksini zinazosababisha kansa." Hii ni kweli, lakini data inahusu kuchoma taka bila kudhibitiwa, na haswa sio kwa WTE. Hizi ni aina ya mbinu za kupambana na sayansi - kunukuu data za zamani, kutoa data au matokeo vibaya, data ya kuchagua cherry - ambazo zimetumiwa na wakataa mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa. Kwa mfano, WTE ni sumu na haina sumu, na inasaidia kupunguza kiasi cha taka kwa asilimia 90, na inaacha asilimia 10 kama majivu ambayo bado yanahitaji kuhifadhiwa isipokuwa inaweza kutumika mahali pengine. "Wakati mwingine, kama vile kwa mfano, EPA ina ""toxicity characteristic leaching procedure"" ambayo inahakikisha kwamba kemikali yoyote ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali ya kemikali." Ikiwa metali hizo zinapatikana kwa kiasi kikubwa kuliko sehemu ndogo ya asilimia moja, majivu hayo huonwa kuwa hatari. Wanasayansi wamekuwa wakichunguza majivu kutoka kwa kila kituo cha WTE nchini humo kwa miaka kadhaa, na majaribio hayo yameonyesha mara kwa mara kwamba majivu hayo hayana hatari. Kwa hivyo, karibu tani milioni 3 za majivu ya saruji, au zaidi ya theluthi moja ya mabaki yote ya WTE, hutumiwa tena kila mwaka kama nyenzo ya barabara, kama kifuniko cha kila siku na mwisho cha kutupa taka, kama mchanganyiko katika ujenzi wa barabara, kama nyongeza ya lami, katika ujenzi wa miamba ya bandia, na katika mabaki ya saruji. WTE inaendelea kutafuta njia za kutumia tena majivu ya saruji badala ya kuondoa mabaki katika majumba ya taka. Kuchanganya na saruji ni suluhisho moja ambayo hupunguza uzalishaji wa saruji, ambayo kwa njia nyingine inawakilisha asilimia 5 ya uzalishaji wa kaboni duniani. WTE: Kupunguza mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa: Kuungua taka inaweka kiasi kikubwa cha kaboni dioksidi katika anga Kwa sasa, angahewa la dunia lina kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi cha kiasi. "Hiyo ni kiwango cha juu ambacho wanasayansi wengi wa hali ya hewa wanaona kuwa salama na endelevu, ambayo bado ni ya juu sana kuliko ""karibu 290 ppm"" ilikuwa mwanzoni mwa mapinduzi ya viwanda." Imeorodheshwa kama nishati ya chini ya kaboni, inayobadilika. Lakini inatokea kwamba wakati WTE hutoa gesi za chafu, hutokeza gesi chache za chafu kwa msingi wa tani kwa tani kuliko mazoezi ya sasa ya Amerika ya kuondoa taka. Kwa kweli, mashirika 31 ya kudhibiti uchafuzi wa mazingira na maeneo mawili ya Marekani sasa yanaorodhesha WTE kama nishati mbadala na kama bora kuliko kuhifadhiwa kwenye majengo ya taka. Ili kuelewa kwa nini, fikiria tani ya taka ya baada ya kuchakata, baada ya kuyeyusha katika moja ya matukio mawili: kuhifadhiwa, au kuchomwa kwa nishati na teknolojia ya kuambukiza. Nusu ya MSW ya baada ya kuchakata tayari ni sehemu ya mzunguko wa kaboni. Kwa mfano, asilimia 53 ya taka zilizotengenezwa baada ya kuchukuliwa na kuzalisha mbolea bado zinatokana na vitu vya kikaboni, na hivyo ni sehemu ya mzunguko wa kaboni ya Dunia. Kuichoma haiongezi mzigo wa kaboni katika angahewa. Toni moja ya MSW iliyowashwa inazuia tani moja ya GHG. Kuungua kwa asilimia 47 iliyobaki, ambayo hutokana na kaboni ya petroli, huzuia uzalishaji mwingine mbaya zaidi. Kulingana na EPA, kila tani ya taka iliyotengenezwa katika kituo cha WTE inazuia karibu tani moja ya kaboni dioksidi inayotokana na kutolewa kwenda angahewa. Methani ni gesi mbaya zaidi ya chafu. Njia moja ya kufanya hivyo ni kupunguza kutupwa kwenye majengo ya kuhifadhia taka. Maeneo ya kuondoa taka ni chanzo kikuu cha gesi ya methane nchini Marekani, ambayo ni gesi yenye athari kubwa ya kutokeza joto. Kulingana na ripoti ya mwisho ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Panel ya Kati ya Serikali juu ya Mabadiliko ya Hali ya Hewa, methane ni gesi yenye nguvu zaidi ya gesi ya chafu ya carbon dioxide. Maeneo ya kuondoa taka yana teknolojia ya kuondoa metani, lakini ni asilimia 34 tu ya metani hiyo inayotumiwa kutengeneza umeme. Matofali hayo yanavuja au kuwaka moto, na hakuna chochote kinachokamatwa kwa miongo michache ya kwanza ambayo mahali pa kuondoa taka hukaa wazi wakati wa kujazwa. Kwa mfano, kutengeneza chuma kwa ajili ya matumizi ya matumizi ya WEEE ni muhimu. Baadaye, taka zilizotengenezwa upya bado zina mamilioni ya tani za metali ambazo hutumwa kwenye mahali pa kuondoa taka. Katika WTE, metali hizo hutengenezwa upya na kutumiwa tena kama sehemu ya mchakato wa kawaida wa kuchuja. Hii huokoa muda, vifaa, nishati, uzalishaji na usumbufu wa mazingira wa madini kwa kiasi sawa cha madini mapya. Kampuni ya WTE Covanta Energy ilitengeneza tani 415,000 za chuma cha chuma na tani 16,800 za chuma cha chuma katika mwaka 2012 pekee - chuma cha kutosha kujenga madaraja 28 ya Brooklyn na alumini ya kutosha kutengeneza zaidi ya makopo ya vinywaji bilioni moja. Aluminium ambayo ni recycled na WTE kutoka taka tayari baada ya kusindika ni muhimu hasa. Kwa mfano, kuchakata tani moja ya alumini kunazuia kutokezwa kwa gesi ya gesi ya chafu kwa kiasi kikubwa cha tani 13.7, ikilinganishwa na tani 4.3 kwa karatasi ya ofisi na tani 2.5 kwa karatasi ya gazeti. Kwa mfano, kutengeneza tani moja ya chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma cha chuma. Hakuna chochote cha hayo kinachopatikana tena wakati lori linapoelekeza mzigo wake kwenye mahali pa kuondoa taka. Kupunguza usafirishaji wa taka hupunguza kaboni. WEEE ni mahali ambapo taka hutengenezwa, karibu na maeneo ya mijini. Hilo huondoa sehemu kubwa ya kaboni inayotokezwa kwa kubeba taka hadi mahali pa kuondoa taka palipo mbali. Mwaka 2011, New York City ilitumia zaidi ya dola milioni 300 kusafirisha taka zake kwa treni na lori - takriban tani 12,000 kwa siku - hadi kwenye mabwawa ya taka hadi kilomita 300 mbali, ikitoa tani zaidi za kaboni na kuharibu barabara na magari katika mchakato huo. Katika baadhi ya kesi, kama vile taka za elektroniki, Marekani sasa hata inasafirisha taka zake kwa nchi za ulimwengu wa tatu, ikiongeza sana mchango wake wa kaboni. Nishati inayotokezwa hulipia mafuta ya visukuku. WEEE hutengeneza joto na umeme, kupunguza kuchoma kwa mafuta ya mafuta kwa madhumuni hayo. Kwa mfano, kituo cha WTE cha Minneapolis kwa sasa kinazalisha umeme wa kutosha kuendesha nyumba 25,000, na mvuke wa kutosha kupasha joto nyumba 1,500. Ukaribu wao pia humaanisha joto na umeme mdogo hupotezwa katika usafiri. Karboni ya chini kuliko mafuta ya visukuku. Kulingana na EPA, kuchoma taka ngumu za manispaa (MSW) katika WTE hutoa kaboni dioksidi kidogo kwa megawatt saa kuliko mafuta ya mafuta, pamoja na gesi ya asili. Teknolojia mpya za gasification zinazokuja mtandaoni zinaahidi hata kukamata nishati kubwa na uzalishaji mdogo kuliko WTE kwa kuchoma. Mto Leachate ni maji hatari yanayotokana na mvua ambayo huingia ndani ya maji ya taka. Maeneo ya kuondoa taka huchukua maji hayo na kuyapomba kwenye kituo cha kusafisha, ambako uchafuzi huondolewa kupitia michakato ya kibiolojia na kemikali, kisha hutolewa kwenye njia za maji za umma. Lakini vituo hivi vya matibabu mara chache huwa na vichungi vya gharama kubwa vya osmosis ya kurudi nyuma vinavyohitajika kukamata dawa na bidhaa nyingine za kemikali zenye bioactive. Vitu hivyo vimeenea sana katika maji ya chini ya ardhi kote Marekani na vinachafua hata maziwa na mito iliyo mbali. Uwepo wao huathiri samaki na spishi nyingine za majini, na sasa zinapatikana katika maji kadhaa ya manispaa ambayo hutolewa kutoka kwa maji yaliyochafuliwa na dawa. WEEE ni njia salama ya kuharibu dawa na bidhaa nyingine za bioactive ambazo hutupwa katika majumba ya taka au kwamba watu flush chini ya choo. Joto la juu la WTE huangamiza kabisa kemikali, na kuifanya iwe hai na kuhakikisha maziwa safi, mito, na maji ya binadamu, na dawa chache na mawakala wa bioactive kuingia kwenye mlolongo wa chakula na kuathiri afya ya umma. "Kwa hivyo, kwa faida hizi zote - ufanisi, nishati safi, kupunguza gesi za chafu, kupunguza usafirishaji na ukarabati wa barabara, kupunguza uchimbaji madini, kuondoa nafasi ya kijani ambayo ingetumika kwa ajili ya majumba ya taka, kulinda maji ya chini ya ardhi na maji ya umma, kuweka mlolongo wa chakula safi, kuchakata metali - kwa nini wanaharakati wa Marekani, ambao wanadhibiti siasa katika maeneo mengi ya mji mkuu ambapo WTE inapaswa kujengwa, hawajawapata?""" Jibu liko katika historia ya maoni ya umma wa Marekani kuelekea sayansi. Mashaka ya mashirika na hatari zilizofichwa kwa afya au mazingira yamekuwa dhana za msingi na mara nyingi zisizohesabiwa za siasa za huria za Marekani ambazo zilitokana na kuzaliwa kwa sayansi ya mazingira na harakati ya mazingira. Lakini siku hizi kuna mgawanyiko unaoongezeka kati ya sayansi na harakati katika maeneo yanayohusiana na nishati, hali ya hewa na usimamizi wa taka. Ingawa wanaharakati wa haki za binadamu wana haki ya kuwa na wasiwasi kuhusu hatari zilizofichwa ambazo uchafuzi wa mazingira unaweza kusababisha kwa afya na mazingira, katika kesi ya Waste To Energy, mtazamo huo haukufuata ukweli. Hii imesababisha nchi hizo kupitisha sera ambazo hazifanyi kazi kama nchi nyingine wakati wa kusimamia taka na kupambana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa. Ni wakati wa mabadiliko. "Wanajamii wa Marekani na wanaharakati wa mazingira ambao wanajali mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa wanahitaji kuchunguza tena sayansi na kupata nyuma ya programu za kupanua ""kurudisha na taka kwa nishati.""" Kwa bahati nzuri kwa ajili ya watoto wetu, viongozi wachache wenye ujasiri wanaanza kufanya hivyo. Toleo la makala hii pia inaonekana kwenye Ensia.com. Shawn Lawrence Otto ni mwandishi wa sayansi, mtengenezaji wa filamu, mwandishi wa riwaya, na mwanzilishi mwenza wa ScienceDebate.org, nyumba ya mjadala wa sayansi wa rais wa Marekani. Kitabu chake kipya ni Fool Me Twice: Fighting the Assault on Science in America. Anaishi katika nyumba ya upepo, ya jua, ya joto la ardhi iliyoundwa na kujengwa kwa mikono yake mwenyewe. Yeye hutumia tena, hutengeneza mbolea na kuendesha gari la hybridi. Tembelea tovuti yetu ya ShotSpot.com na kama yeye kwenye Facebook. Kujiunga na ScienceDebate.org kupata wagombea kujadili masuala ya sayansi. | <urn:uuid:a002bb6c-44fc-4c4f-86a2-51ae0885b912> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/why-burning-trash-is-envi_b_3393445 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Public Skating Rules
Ice Skating is for fun and enjoyment for everyone. Skating can be enjoyed in many ways. Regardless of your level of skill, there are elements of risk in ice skating. Use common sense, show courtesy to others, and anticipate dangerous situations before they arise.
The following guidelines are some basic elements of common sense and courtesy:
- No speeding, No weaving, No roughness, No throwing of objects.
- Helmet use is strongly encouraged.
- All skaters must purchase a public session wristband and wear it visibly. No one is permitted on the ice without skates.
- While on the ice, skaters must keep moving. Always stay in control, and able to stop or avoid other skaters. Do not skate in groups.
- People ahead of you have the right of way. Headphones and ear buds are not allowed.
- Jumps will not be permitted during busy public sessions. No routines during public sessions.
- Tossing, hitting, or throwing any objects such as snowballs, pucks, gloves, etc. is strictly prohibited.
- Kicking, digging holes, scraping, or stomping the ice with your blades and kicking the railings are prohibited.
- Persons who appear to be under the influence of alcohol or other substances will be asked to leave the facility.
- Keep exits clear.
- Before getting on the ice, look for oncoming skaters.
- Do not sit on the Dasher Boards.
- Do not carry children or secondary items such as cameras/phones, handbags, hockey sticks, etc. while skating. Only Idaho Ice World approved skate aids allowed. Absolutely no strollers on the ice.
- No eating, chewing gum, or drinking on the ice.
- Stay off the ice when resurfacing is in progress. Skaters may not enter ice surface until the Zamboni doors are closed.
- Obey the Skate Guards. Report hazards to the nearest Skate Guard.
- Because this is a facility for everyone please respect the ice. Please do not litter or use foul language.
Use caution and skate in control. Respect other skaters. The rink’s Skate Guards cannot guarantee your safety and will not protect you from injury. It is your responsibility to avoid other skaters and hazards. Failure to use good judgment, skate responsibly, or follow the Public Skating Rules will result in the loss of skating privileges. Playing without Paying Policy: All customers/participants who enter the ice surface and participate must pay a fee. This includes private lessons (both hockey and figure skating). Proof of purchase may either a wristband or receipt. Payment must be made BEFORE each session has started. | Sheria za Skating ya Umma Skating ya barafu ni kwa ajili ya furaha na kufurahia kwa kila mtu. Unaweza kufurahia kuteleza kwenye theluji kwa njia nyingi. Bila kujali kiwango chako cha ustadi, kuna mambo ya hatari katika kuteleza kwenye barafu. Tumia akili ya kawaida, uwe mwenye adabu kwa wengine, na utazame hali zenye hatari kabla hazijatokea. Miongozo ifuatayo ni baadhi ya mambo ya msingi ya akili ya kawaida na adabu: - Hakuna kasi, Hakuna weaving, Hakuna roughness, Hakuna kutupa vitu. - Matumizi ya kofia ya chuma yanapendekezwa sana. - Skaters wote lazima kununua wristband ya kikao cha umma na kuvaa kwa kuonekana. Hakuna mtu anayeruhusiwa kwenye barafu bila skates. - Wakiwa kwenye barafu, wachezaji wanapaswa kuendelea kutembea. Daima kukaa katika udhibiti, na uwezo wa kuacha au kuepuka skaters nyingine. Usiogelee kwa vikundi. - Watu walio mbele yako wana haki ya kupita. Vifaa vya kusikia na vichwa vya masikio haviruhusiwi. - Kuruka hakutaruhusiwa wakati wa vikao vya umma vilivyo na shughuli nyingi. Hakuna utaratibu wakati wa mikutano ya umma. - Kutupa, kugonga, au kutupa vitu vyovyote kama vile mipira ya theluji, pucks, glavu, nk. Ni marufuku kabisa. - Kupiga, kuchimba mashimo, kukwaruza, au kukanyaga barafu kwa mbao zako na kupiga vijia ni marufuku. - Watu ambao wanaonekana kuwa chini ya ushawishi wa pombe au vitu vingine wataulizwa kuondoka kituo hicho. - Weka njia za kutoka wazi. - Kabla ya kuingia kwenye barafu, angalia wachezaji wanaokuja. - Usiketi kwenye Bodi za Dasher. - Usibebe watoto au vitu vya pili kama vile kamera/simu, mikoba, vijiti vya hockey, nk. wakati skating. Ni vifaa vya kusaidia kuteleza kwenye barafu vilivyokubaliwa na Idaho Ice World tu vinavyoweza kutumiwa. Hakuna kabisa strollers juu ya barafu. - Hakuna kula, kutafuna chingamu, au kunywa juu ya barafu. - Kuendelea mbali na barafu wakati resurfacing ni katika maendeleo. Skaters hawawezi kuingia uso wa barafu mpaka milango ya Zamboni imefungwa. - Watii Walinzi wa Skate. Ripoti hatari kwa Skate Guard ya karibu zaidi. - Kwa sababu hii ni kituo kwa ajili ya kila mtu tafadhali kuheshimu barafu. Tafadhali usitupe takataka au kutumia lugha chafu. Tumia tahadhari na kuteleza kwa udhibiti. Heshimu wachezaji wengine wa kuteleza kwenye theluji. Walinzi wa Skate wa uwanja wa michezo hawawezi kuhakikisha usalama wako na hawatakukinga na majeraha. Ni wajibu wako kuepuka skaters wengine na hatari. Kushindwa kutumia uamuzi mzuri, kuteleza kwa uwajibikaji, au kufuata Kanuni za Skating za Umma kutasababisha kupoteza haki za kuteleza. Kucheza bila kulipa Sera: Wateja wote / washiriki ambao kuingia uso barafu na kushiriki lazima kulipa ada. Hii ni pamoja na masomo binafsi (wote mpira wa magongo na figure skating). Uthibitisho wa ununuzi unaweza kuwa au bangili au risiti. Malipo lazima kufanyika kabla ya kila kikao imeanza. | <urn:uuid:f38385d2-903e-497c-b7cb-afb84db2f4e5> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.idahoiceworld.com/public-skating/public-skating-rules/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
GNOME is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. Companies, volunteers, professionals, and non-profits across the world develop the code, and GNOME Foundation which is a non-profit organization maintains it.
Most Linux Distros like Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, and others have GNOME as a default environment. Started with GNOME 1 in 1997 current version is 42. Your Linux Distro version may be an older one, you can always update and bring it to the latest. It is free to download and modify, even you can share the code with others.
First, you should know the version of the gnome desktop environment installed. So, how to find the Gnome version?
Let’s find it out.
Use About to find out the Gnome version – Graphical method
Open the Activities and start typing About. Click on About to open the panel. A window appears showing information about the system, including OS name and version, Device Name, Memory, Processor, and GNOME Version.
You can also directly launch the About windows using the command below.
gnome-shell command to get Gnome version from Terminal
Just launch the terminal window using the CTRL+ALT+T keyboard shortcut and run the below command on the terminal to know the current gnome version in Ubuntu Linux OS.
$ gnome-shell --version GNOME Shell 42.2
The Gnome version is 42.2 for Ubuntu 22.04.
Both methods gave the same result. It is you who have to decide which method is good for you.
The GNOME desktop environment is the default interface for Ubuntu, so learning how to find out the GNOME version in Ubuntu is a useful trick.
Please do share and subscribe if you found this article useful. | GNOME ni bure na wazi chanzo desktop mazingira kwa ajili ya Linux na nyingine Unix-kama mifumo ya uendeshaji. Kampuni, wajitoleaji, wataalamu, na mashirika yasiyo ya faida duniani kote kuendeleza kanuni, na GNOME Foundation ambayo ni shirika lisilo la faida inadumisha. Distros nyingi za Linux kama Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, na wengine wana GNOME kama mazingira ya kawaida. Kuanzia mwaka 1997 GNOME 1 ilitolewa na sasa ni toleo la 42. Toleo lako la Linux Distro linaweza kuwa la zamani, unaweza daima kusasisha na kuleta kwa ya hivi karibuni. Ni bure kupakua na kurekebisha, hata unaweza kushiriki kificho na wengine. Kwanza, unapaswa kujua toleo la mazingira ya dawati la gnome imewekwa. Kwa hiyo, jinsi ya kupata toleo la Gnome? Hebu tujibu. Kutumia kuhusu kujua toleo Gnome <unk> Graphical njia Fungua Shughuli na kuanza kuandika kuhusu. Bonyeza juu ya kufungua jopo. Dirisha linaonekana kuonyesha habari kuhusu mfumo, ikiwa ni pamoja na jina OS na toleo, Device Jina, Memory, Processor, na GNOME Toleo. Unaweza pia moja kwa moja kuzindua kuhusu madirisha kwa kutumia amri hapa chini. "Kama unajua, ""Gnome"" ni kificho cha terminal, na ""Ctrl + Alt + T"" ni kificho cha terminal, na ""Gnome"" ni kificho cha terminal." "Gnome shell ni toleo la kwanza la GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU GNU.""" Mbinu zote mbili zilitoa matokeo yaleyale. Ni wewe mwenyewe ambaye unapaswa kuamua ni njia gani inayofaa kwako. GNOME desktop mazingira ni default interface kwa Ubuntu, hivyo kujifunza jinsi ya kupata toleo GNOME katika Ubuntu ni ujanja muhimu. Tafadhali kushiriki na kujiandikisha kama ulipata makala hii muhimu. | <urn:uuid:cc4569ad-750e-47e9-9376-d02b812873ab> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.imaginelinux.com/find-gnome-version/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Contact us to schedule an appointment in our Lake Mary, Port Orange, Winter Park, Lake Nona, or Clermont, FL area offices.
Gum disease is one of the leading causes of tooth loss. Gum disease has two primary stages. If diagnosed and treated in the first stage, the condition can be reversed and tooth loss can usually be prevented. In order to prevent gum disease, practice good oral hygiene and visit your dentist for cleanings and check-ups twice a year.
If gum disease is detected during your visit, we will instruct you on steps regarding improved home care and recommend specialized treatment options in our office to eliminate the disease.
Gingivitis – Early Stage of Gum Disease
This stage only affects the soft tissue of the gums, and the patient may not experience any discomfort. Although the symptoms may be very mild, it is important to diagnose gum disease in this early stage before it progresses to periodontitis.
Symptoms of Gingivitis may include:
- Swollen or bleeding gums
- Bad breath or a metallic taste in the mouth
- Receding gums
- Increasing spaces between teeth
Periodontitis – Advanced Stages of Gum Disease
Periodontitis is the name for more advanced periodontal disease and if permitted to progress to this point, not only the gums are affected but the bone structures supporting the teeth will be compromised.
Without regular dental visits, symptoms may not be noticed until moderate periodontitis is present.
Firm, pink, gums attached to the teeth and supported by firm dense bone are the indicators of healthy gums and teeth that have the strong support they need.
A build-up of bacteria causes Gingivitis. In its early stages, inflammation around the gums is observable, with gum tissues appearing red and swollen. Gums that are easily irritated or that bleed during tooth brushing indicate the presence of Gingivitis. Removal of the plaque buildup is necessary to prevent the development of gum disease.
As the gums become more inflamed, they start to pull away from the teeth, forming spaces known as periodontal “pockets.” Food, bacteria, and plaque begin to collect in the pockets, leading to infection. The surrounding bone becomes damaged both by bacterial toxins and by the immune system’s response to infection.
The symptoms of periodontitis become more severe as inflammation spreads, and some discomfort may occur. More supporting bone is lost, teeth loosen, and the gums recede further.
A major cause of tooth loss in adults, advanced periodontitis is marked by painful abscesses that are the result of the infection spreading beneath the gums.
Looking for an endodontist in the Central Florida area? Contact us today to schedule an appointment. | Pata nafasi ya kufanya kazi katika ofisi za eneo la Lake Mary, Port Orange, Winter Park, Lake Nona, au Clermont, FL. Ugonjwa wa taya ni mojawapo ya sababu kuu za kupoteza meno. Ugonjwa wa nywele una hatua mbili za msingi. Ikiwa ugonjwa huo utatambuliwa na kutibiwa katika hatua ya kwanza, kwa kawaida ugonjwa huo unaweza kurekebishwa na kupoteza meno. Ili kuzuia ugonjwa wa meno, fanya usafi mzuri wa mdomo na umtembelee daktari wako wa meno mara mbili kwa mwaka kwa ajili ya usafi na uchunguzi. Ikiwa ugonjwa wa nywele utagundua wakati wa ziara yako, tutakufundisha hatua zinazohusiana na huduma bora ya nyumbani na kupendekeza chaguzi maalum za matibabu katika ofisi yetu ili kuondoa ugonjwa. Gingivitis - Hatua ya mapema ya ugonjwa wa nywele Hatua hii huathiri tu tishu laini ya nywele, na mgonjwa anaweza kupata usumbufu wowote. Ingawa dalili za ugonjwa huo huenda zikiwa nyepesi sana, ni muhimu kugundua ugonjwa huo mapema kabla ya kuenea na kuwa ugonjwa wa meno. Dalili za Gingivitis zinaweza kuwa: - Kuvuja au kutokwa na damu ya nywele - Hisia mbaya ya pumzi au ladha ya chuma kinywani - Kuondoka kwa nywele - Kuongezeka kwa nafasi kati ya meno - Periodontitis - Hatua za juu za ugonjwa - Periodontitis ni jina la ugonjwa wa nywele uliopitishwa zaidi na ikiwa unaruhusiwa kuendelea hadi hatua hii, sio tu nywele zinaathiriwa lakini miundo ya mifupa inayounga meno itaathiriwa. Bila kutembelea daktari wa meno kwa ukawaida, huenda dalili hizo zisiangaliwe mpaka ugonjwa wa meno uwe wa kadiri. Nywele zenye rangi ya waridi, zenye nguvu, zilizounganishwa na meno na zinazotegemezwa na mifupa yenye nguvu na yenye nguvu ni dalili za nywele na meno yenye afya ambayo yana msaada mkubwa wanaohitaji. Kuongezeka kwa bakteria husababisha Gingivitis. Katika hatua zake za mapema, uvimbe unaonekana kuzunguka taya, na tishu za taya huonekana kuwa nyekundu na kuvu. Matumbo ambayo huchanganyikiwa kwa urahisi au yanayotoa damu wakati wa kupiga mswaki meno huonyesha kuwa kuna uvimbe wa matumbo. Kuondoa mkusanyiko wa plaka ni muhimu ili kuzuia magonjwa ya taya yasitokee. Wakati meno yanapoanza kuwaka, yanaanza kujitenga na meno, na kufanyiza nafasi zinazoitwa mifuko ya periodontal. Chakula, bakteria, na plaque huanza kukusanyika katika mifuko hiyo, na kusababisha maambukizo. Mfupa unaozunguka huharibiwa na sumu za bakteria na pia na majibu ya mfumo wa kinga dhidi ya maambukizo. Dalili za ugonjwa wa meno huwa kali zaidi kadiri uvimbe unavyoenea, na huenda ukasumbuliwa. Mfupa zaidi unaopigania hupoteza, meno hupunguka, na taya hujipunguza zaidi. Kwa sababu ya kupoteza meno kwa watu wazima, ugonjwa wa periodontitis unaendelea na huonyesha maumivu makali ambayo ni matokeo ya maambukizo kuenea chini ya meno. Unatafuta daktari wa meno katika eneo la Florida ya Kati? Wasiliana nasi leo ili kupanga miadi. | <urn:uuid:135cb876-7c2e-41f7-aae2-3fadbe087236> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.ineedarootcanal.com/stages-periodontal-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
عنوان مقاله [English]
Undoubtedly, the construction industry is one of the most dangerous industries in terms of injuries and human casualties. One of the most important reasons for accidents was the lack of identification of the causes of doing dangerous work and the non-observance of safety issues, so identifying and analyzing the factors that cause construction workers to take high-risk jobs is a very important step. To secure the workshop. One of the most important causes that can lead to high-risk activities is the high-risk worker involved in the project. Since the source of work stress is job dissatisfaction, it is crucial to examine this issue. But the important thing is that job satisfaction is a general concept; in other words, job satisfaction will be achieved by realizing a set of factors. Therefore, in this research, we tried first to identify the factors affecting job satisfaction separately. Then a questionnaire was prepared for 70 people working in three development workshops. Using a fuzzy method, the importance of each of the above factors was scored. In the end, by means of a hierarchical analysis method, ranking criteria and the most important factor are identified. Meanwhile, with suggestions to control the very important factors, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of accidents in development projects. | "Hii ni kwa sababu sekta ya ujenzi ni moja ya sekta hatari zaidi kwa sababu ya ""kujeruhiwa na vifo vya binadamu.""" Moja ya sababu kuu za ajali ni kutokuwa na utambuzi wa sababu za kufanya kazi hatari na kutofuatilia masuala ya usalama, kwa hivyo kutambua na kuchambua sababu zinazosababisha wafanyakazi wa ujenzi kuchukua kazi zenye hatari ni hatua muhimu sana. Ili kulinda karakana. Moja ya sababu muhimu zaidi ambayo inaweza kusababisha shughuli za hatari kubwa ni mfanyakazi wa hatari kubwa anayehusika katika mradi huo. Kwa kuwa chanzo cha mfadhaiko wa kazi ni kutoridhika na kazi, ni muhimu kuchunguza suala hili. Lakini jambo muhimu ni kwamba kuridhika kazi ni dhana ya jumla; kwa maneno mengine, kuridhika kazi itakuwa kupatikana kwa kutambua seti ya mambo. Kwa hiyo, katika utafiti huu, sisi alijaribu kwanza kutambua mambo yanayoathiri kuridhika kazi tofauti. Kwa mfano, maswali ya maswali ya watu 70 waliohudhuria semina za maendeleo ya biashara. Kwa kutumia mbinu isiyoeleweka, umuhimu wa kila moja ya mambo yaliyotajwa hapo juu ulipimwa. Hatimaye, kwa njia ya utaratibu wa uchambuzi wa hierarchical, vigezo vya cheo na sababu muhimu zaidi hutambuliwa. Wakati huo huo, kwa mapendekezo ya kudhibiti mambo muhimu sana, inawezekana kuzuia kutokea kwa ajali katika miradi ya maendeleo. | <urn:uuid:b51b287b-2da9-46fe-a7bd-ee9dc43e9841> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.jecm.ir/article_156595.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Dov Broder, may he rest in peace, fell during "Operation Medinah," which was an operation conducted by the Alexandroni Brigade on May 13, 1948, one day before the declaration of the state.
The operation was intended to capture the Arab village of Kfar Saba with the aim of stabilizing the border line in the Qalqilya district before the expected invasion of Arab states following the declaration of the state. Dov (Berla) Broder, may he rest in peace, served as a driver and scout leader during the battle, leading an intelligence reconnaissance unit. During the battle, a significant reinforcement of Arab forces arrived at the scene. Faced with the Arab force's superiority and the absence of communication between our forces, the order for retreat was given.
How was the late Dov killed?
Dov, may he rest in peace, sent his force to inform another unit about the retreat and to protect his soldiers. During the mission, Dov's armored vehicle was injured by explosives, and Dov was killed. His body was not found, and he was declared a fallen soldier whose place of burial was unknown (MIAs - Missing In Action). The MIA Search and Rescue Unit (IDF Intelligence) worked to locate him as part of the investigation in the year 1948 (5708).
Investigative operations in many channels
Information about the investigation process to locate missing persons: After the battles of May 1948 in the War of Independence, an unknown soldier from the Tashach (5708) war was buried in the Segula Cemetery in Petah Tikva. From 2006 to 2023, an investigation was conducted to locate missing persons to clarify the identity of the unknown soldier and determine whether it was Dov (Berla) Broder, z"l.
The investigation activities included: opening the grave and conducting genetic testing and anthropological characterization of the remains, engineering and ballistic research based on the battle events and their expected impact on the fallen soldier's body, collecting and examining relevant documents from state and IDF archives, interviewing witnesses from the battle, and more.
From the summary of the investigation activities, several findings emerged, based on various directions that were examined. These included anthropological findings that supported the identification of the unknown soldier as Dov Broder, may he rest in peace. The investigation also involved a thorough examination of testimonies and documents that indicated that the unknown soldier arrived at Beilinson Hospital (where the battle casualties were brought) wearing a gold ring that matched the description of Dov's widow, while he was the only missing person wearing a ring. It was confirmed that Dov, z"l, fought in the battle, was injured, and the other casualties were evacuated from the battle to the same hospital. The investigation ruled out the match with other casualties from the "Medinah" operation to the identity of the unknown soldier buried in Segula.
The unit worked for years to locate missing IDF martyrs
The investigation fully clarified the events of the entire crew of the fallen soldier, except for one unidentified body. During the investigation, a nearly complete sequence of findings was established, from the identification of Dov, z"l, as a driver in the crew, through the battle injury, evacuation to Beilinson Hospital, and up to the burial in Segula Cemetery. All of these findings allowed for the construction of an almost perfect picture of the findings, enabling the identification of the unknown soldier as Dov Broder, z"l. This marks the second time within a year that an investigation to locate missing persons has been successfully concluded.
The Missing Persons Unit (known as "Eitan") operates to locate IDF soldiers who are missing in action and in emergency situations. Among the unit's tasks is also the investigation of past events involving soldiers whose burial place is unknown, similar to this case. The investigation teams of the unit include reservists with relevant knowledge who have been working for years to try and determine the fate of missing persons and bring good news to their families.
Today (Sunday), the heads of the security establishment who are involved in the process will answer questions regarding the discovery of the grave of Dov Broder, whose headstone will be replaced from "Unknown" to his name, role, and the year of his fall in battle. | "Dovder Broder, ""Mungu amrehemu,"" aliuawa katika operesheni ya ""Medina,"" iliyofanywa na kikosi cha Aleksandroni tarehe 13 Mei 1948, siku moja kabla ya kutangazwa kwa serikali ya Israel." Shambulio hilo lilikusudiwa kuuteka kijiji cha Kiarabu cha Kfar Saba kwa lengo la kuimarisha mstari wa mpaka katika wilaya ya Qalqilya kabla ya uvamizi unaotarajiwa wa mataifa ya Kiarabu kufuatia kutangazwa kwa serikali hiyo. "Brad, ""Alipumzika kwa amani, alitumikia kama dereva na kiongozi wa scout wakati wa vita, akiongoza kitengo cha ujasusi.""" Wakati wa vita, vikosi vikubwa vya Waarabu viliwasili mahali hapo. Kwa kukabiliwa na nguvu za Kiarabu zilizo bora na kukosekana kwa mawasiliano kati ya majeshi yetu, amri ya kurudi nyuma ilitolewa. Mzee Dov aliuawaje? Dov, na apate kupumzika kwa amani, alimtuma askari wake ili kuarifu kikosi kingine kuhusu kurudi nyuma na kulinda askari wake. Wakati wa utume huo, gari la Dov lilijeruhiwa na milipuko, na Dov akauawa. Mwili wake haukupatikana, na alitangazwa kuwa askari aliyeanguka ambaye mahali pa kuzikwa hakujulikana (MIAs - Missing In Action). Idara ya Utafiti na Uokoaji ya Idara ya Usalama ya Israel (MIA) ilifanya kazi ya kumtafuta kama sehemu ya uchunguzi wa mwaka wa 1948 na kukutana na watu waliohusika. "Kulingana na taarifa za polisi, ""Mashambulizi ya Mei 1948 katika Vita vya Uhuru, askari asiyejulikana kutoka vita vya Tashach (5708) alizikwa katika Makaburi ya Segula huko Petah Tikva.""" "Kutoka mwaka 2006 hadi 2023 uchunguzi ulifanywa ili kugundua watu waliopotea ili kueleza utambulisho wa askari asiyejulikana na kuamua kama alikuwa Dov (Berla) Broder, ""Z.""" Kutoka muhtasari wa shughuli za uchunguzi, matokeo kadhaa yalionekana, kulingana na mwelekeo mbalimbali ambao ulichunguzwa. "Hii ni pamoja na matokeo ya anthropolojia ambayo yaliunga mkono utambulisho wa askari asiyejulikana kama ""Dov Broder, na apate kupumzika katika amani.""" Uchunguzi huo pia ulihusisha uchunguzi wa kina wa ushuhuda na nyaraka ambazo zilionyesha kuwa askari huyo asiyejulikana aliwasili katika hospitali ya Beilinson (ambapo majeruhi wa vita waliletwa) akiwa amevaa pete ya dhahabu ambayo ililingana na maelezo ya mjane wa Dov, wakati yeye alikuwa mtu pekee aliyepotea aliyevaa pete. "Kama ilivyoelezwa, ""Dov, ZL, alipigana katika vita, alijeruhiwa, na majeruhi wengine walihamishwa kutoka vita hadi hospitali hiyo hiyo." Uchunguzi ulikataza mechi na majeruhi wengine kutoka operesheni ya "Medinah" kwa utambulisho wa askari asiyejulikana aliyezikwa huko Segula. "Watu hao walifanya kazi kwa miaka mingi kutafuta ""washahidi"" waliopotea katika jeshi la Israel, na uchunguzi ulionyesha wazi kabisa matukio ya wafanyakazi wote wa askari aliyekufa, isipokuwa mwili mmoja ambao haujatambuliwa." Katika uchunguzi huo, mfululizo wa karibu kamili wa matokeo ulianzishwa, kutoka utambulisho wa Dov, zl, kama dereva katika wafanyakazi, kupitia jeraha la vita, uhamisho wa Hospitali ya Beilinson, na hadi kuzikwa katika Makaburi ya Segula. "Ugunduzi huo ulifanya iwezekane kutambua askari huyo asiyejulikana kama ""Dov Broder"" na ni mara ya pili kwa mwaka mmoja kwamba uchunguzi wa kuwatafuta watu waliopotea umekamilika." "Kampuni ya ""Missing Persons Unit"" (Mfuko wa Watu Waliopotea) ni shirika la ulinzi la Israel linalohamasisha watu waliopotea katika vita na katika hali za dharura." Miongoni mwa kazi za kitengo hicho pia ni uchunguzi wa matukio ya zamani yanayohusisha askari ambao mahali pa kuzikwa haijulikani, sawa na kesi hii. Timu za uchunguzi za kitengo hicho zinajumuisha askari wa hifadhi wenye maarifa husika ambao wamekuwa wakifanya kazi kwa miaka kadhaa kujaribu kuamua hatima ya watu waliopotea na kuleta habari njema kwa familia zao. "Kama ilivyoelezwa, viongozi wa idara ya usalama waliohusika katika mchakato huo watatoa majibu ya maswali kuhusu ugunduzi wa kaburi la Dov Broder, ambaye jiwe lake la kaburi litabadilishwa kutoka ""Unknown"" hadi jina lake, jukumu lake, na mwaka wa kuanguka kwake katika vita." | <urn:uuid:48fa6734-682f-449b-876c-bf1ab19890cb> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.jfeed.com/news/s1u9sm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Why Brazil Doesn't Want Women In The Northeast To Become Pregnant
Brazil's Ministry of Health made an unprecedented announcement this month: It told women in the northeast of the country not to get pregnant for the foreseeable future.
And it's all because of a mosquito — the Aedes aegyptispecies, which can spread a variety of diseases, including Zika virus. Health experts in Brazil are concerned that the virus, whose symptoms are typically a low-grade fever and bright red rash, might be having a devastating impact on newborns.
In the past few months, doctors have been seeing a rise in microcephaly, a rare neurological disorder that results in infants having small heads and underdeveloped brains, causing severe developmental issues. Children born with this illness are likelier to die young and require constant care.
On Oct. 20 Dr. Kleber Luz, an infection specialist at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte in the city of Natal, got a call from a colleague in another northern city with a question: How many cases of microcephaly had been diagnosed recently?
"Normally in a year you'd have maybe three or four cases," he says by phone from his home city of Natal in Brazil's north. "In 24 hours when we asked around, there had been 11 in the city. And that was a shocking enough number that we realized something very serious was happening."
Luz and his team asked around and discovered that most of the mothers diagnosed with microcephalic fetuses had something in common: They had Zika virus early in their pregnancy.
Zika virus was first discovered in the 1940s in Uganda and named after a forest there.
It's not clear when Zika arrived in Brazil, though some doctors speculate it could have come with African visitors during the World Cup.
Initially, it wasn't a concern. Normally, Zika is not a serious infection, unlike malaria and dengue, for example. People are ill for a few days and generally recover.
But after the cases of microcephaly popped up, Luz remembered a paper that had been written in 1971, showing that rats infected with Zika developed a neurological condition.
Brazil's Ministry of Health says there is now a suspected link between Zika and the cases of microcephaly in infants.
"Everyone involved in this is extremely concerned about what could happen," says Luz. "We don't yet understand this illness."
The Health Ministry is now working with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and an arm of the World Health Organization to figure out what is going on. In the meantime, six states in Brazil have announced a state of emergency. There are 1,761 cases of microcephaly; many more are expected as Brazil's Health Ministry says more than 1 million people could have contracted the virus.
Luz also says women in the northeast should refrain from getting pregnant, echoing the recommendation of the ministry.
In the meantime, the government is sending out teams of health inspectors to try to control the mosquito that spreads the disease.
In a middle-class neighborhood in the north of Rio de Janeiro, health inspectors went door to door this week looking for places where the Aedes aegyptimosquito breeds. They looked into cisterns and empty plant pots, taking water samples.
At one house 36-year-old owner Elisabete de Abreu said her father-in-law has the virus, so she knows this is important.
"It's an enormous concern because of the children," she said.
The Aedes aegypti bloodsucker spreads not only Zika but yellow fever, chikungunya and dengue. It first arrived in Brazil on slave ships coming from Africa; in the mid-20th century it was almost wiped out after a huge outbreak of yellow fever led to a concerted eradication campaign.
But experts say the mosquito came back after those measures were relaxed. These days it's everywhere. Beyond Zika, Brazil is actually suffering a dengue epidemic right now as well, with over 1.5 million cases in the country.
One of the reasons is climate change, according to experts. A harsh drought has been affecting Brazil, so people are storing water on their rooftops.The Aedes aegypti loves to breed in standing water in urban environments. The female needs to feed on blood to mature her eggs, and cities have both a lot of people and places to lay eggs.
But it's not clear why Zika virus could be having this effect on fetuses.
"It's a mystery for everyone. We only just started looking into this a month ago," says Denise Valle, a researcher and entomologist at Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, a leading scientific research center in Rio de Janeiro, who studies the Aedes aegypti.
Dr. Angela Rocha is an infection specialist with the Oswaldo Cruz Hospital in the state of Pernambuco, where many of the microcephaly cases have been detected.
"I've been an infection specialist for more than 40 years and I've never been through such a period of stress. If we don't get a handle on this, we are going to have a generation of damaged babies," she warns.
It could take years to determine whether the mosquito is to blame. The ban, meanwhile, is a suggestion. But many women are in a state of high alert — and some pregnant women are living in a fog of citronella.
Valdemar Geo contributed to this story.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | Kwa nini Brazil haipendi wanawake wa kaskazini mashariki kupata mimba? - Wizara ya Afya ya Brazil imetoa taarifa ya kwanza ya kutokuwa na mimba mwezi huu: Imewaambia wanawake wa kaskazini mashariki mwa nchi kuwa hawapaswi kupata mimba kwa siku zijazo. Na yote ni kwa sababu ya mbu - spishi ya Aedes aegyptus, ambayo inaweza kusambaza magonjwa mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na virusi vya Zika. Wataalamu wa afya nchini Brazil wana wasiwasi kwamba virusi hivyo, ambavyo dalili zake ni homa ya kiwango cha chini na mchochota mwekundu, vinaweza kuwa na athari mbaya kwa watoto wachanga. Katika miezi michache iliyopita, madaktari wamekuwa wakiona ongezeko la microcephaly, ugonjwa wa nadra wa neva ambao unasababisha watoto kuwa na vichwa vidogo na ubongo usioendelea, na kusababisha matatizo makubwa ya ukuaji. Watoto wanaozaliwa na ugonjwa huo hufa wakiwa wachanga na huhitaji kutunzwa daima. "Kleber Luz, mtaalamu wa maambukizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Marekani, alipokea simu kutoka kwa mwenzake katika mji mwingine kaskazini na kuuliza: ""Ni wagonjwa wangapi wa microcephaly wamegunduliwa hivi karibuni?""" "Kwa kawaida katika mwaka mmoja unakuwa na labda kesi tatu au nne, "anasema kwa simu kutoka mji wake wa nyumbani wa Natal kaskazini mwa Brazil. "Katika muda wa saa 24 tulipouliza, kulikuwa na watu 11 katika jiji hilo.""" "Hiyo ilikuwa idadi kubwa sana hivi kwamba tulitambua kwamba kulikuwa na jambo fulani baya sana.""" Kwa mujibu wa utafiti huo, wanawake wengi waliopatikana na ugonjwa wa microcephaly walikuwa na virusi vya Zika. Virusi vya Zika vilianzishwa mwaka 1940 nchini Uganda na vimepewa jina kutokana na msitu uliopo nchini humo. Haijulikani ni lini Zika iliwasili nchini Brazil, ingawa baadhi ya madaktari wanadhani inaweza kuwa ilikuja na wageni wa Afrika wakati wa Kombe la Dunia. Mwanzoni, haikuwa jambo la kuogopesha. Kwa kawaida, Zika si maambukizo mazito, tofauti na malaria na homa ya deni, kwa mfano. Watu huwa wagonjwa kwa siku chache na kwa kawaida hupona. Baada ya kugundua kwamba alikuwa na microcephaly, Luz alikumbuka makala ya mwaka 1971 iliyokuwa ikionyesha kwamba panya waliopatikana na virusi vya Zika walikuwa na ugonjwa wa neva. Wizara ya Afya ya Brazil imesema kuwa kuna uhusiano kati ya ugonjwa wa Zika na ugonjwa wa kichwa kidogo kwa watoto wachanga. "Kila mtu anayehusika katika jambo hili ana wasiwasi sana juu ya kile kinachoweza kutokea", asema Luz. "Bado hatuelewi ugonjwa huu". Wizara ya Afya ya Marekani imeshirikiana na Kituo cha Kudhibiti na Kuzuia Magonjwa (CDC) na Shirika la Afya Duniani (WHO) kutafuta chanzo cha ugonjwa huo. Katika kipindi hicho, majimbo sita nchini Brazil yametangaza hali ya dharura. Kwa sasa kuna watu 1,761, na idadi hiyo inatarajiwa kuongezeka, kwa kuwa Wizara ya Afya ya Brazil imesema watu zaidi ya milioni moja wanaweza kuwa wameambukizwa virusi hivyo. "Luz pia anasema wanawake katika kaskazini mashariki wanapaswa kujiepusha na kupata mimba, akirudia pendekezo la wizara hiyo. """ Serikali ya nchi hiyo imewatuma maafisa wa afya ili kujaribu kuondoa mbu wanaosambaza ugonjwa huo. Katika eneo la watu wa tabaka la kati kaskazini mwa Rio de Janeiro, wakaguzi wa afya walienda nyumba kwa nyumba wiki hii wakitafuta maeneo ambapo Aedes aegypti huzaana. Walichunguza visima na mitungi ya mimea iliyokuwa tupu, wakichukua sampuli za maji. Mmiliki wa nyumba hiyo, Elisabeth de Abreu, mwenye umri wa miaka 36, alisema kuwa baba mkwe wake ana virusi hivyo anajua ni muhimu kufanya hivyo. "Ni wasiwasi mkubwa kwa sababu ya watoto", akasema. Aedes aegypti mnywaji damu hueneza si Zika tu bali homa ya manjano, chikungunya na homa ya dengue. Mnyama huyo aliwasili Brazil kwa meli za watumwa kutoka Afrika, lakini karibu akaangamizwa katikati ya karne ya 20 baada ya kuenea kwa ugonjwa wa homa ya manjano. Lakini wataalamu wanasema mbu huyo alirudi baada ya hatua hizo kupunguzwa. Siku hizi ni kila mahali. Brazil pia ina ugonjwa wa homa ya dengue, na zaidi ya watu milioni 1.5 wameambukizwa. Mojawapo ya sababu hizo ni mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, kulingana na wataalamu. Kwa sababu ya ukame mkubwa nchini Brazil, watu wanaweka maji kwenye paa zao, na aina ya Aedes aegypti hupenda kuzaliana katika maji ya miji. Mwanamke huyo anahitaji damu ili mayai yake yakue, na majiji yana watu wengi na mahali pa kuweka mayai. Hata hivyo, haijulikani ni kwa nini virusi vya Zika vinaweza kuathiri watoto. "Ni fumbo kwa kila mtu. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""Mwanamke huyo ni mchunguzi wa Aedes aegypti, Denise Valle, ambaye ni mtaalamu wa wadudu katika kituo cha utafiti cha Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, huko Rio de Janeiro." Angela Rocha, daktari wa magonjwa ya kuambukiza katika hospitali ya Oswaldo Cruz, Pernambuco, nchini Brazil, amekuwa akishuhudia ugonjwa huo kwa muda mrefu. """Nimekuwa daktari wa magonjwa ya kuambukiza kwa zaidi ya miaka 40 na sijawahi kupata shida kama hii." Kama hatutashughulikia hili, tutakuwa na kizazi cha watoto walioharibiwa", anaonya. Inaweza kuchukua miaka mingi kuamua ikiwa mbu ndiye anayesababisha tatizo hilo. Kwa wakati huohuo, marufuku hiyo ni pendekezo. Lakini wanawake wengi wako katika hali ya tahadhari ya juu <unk> na baadhi ya wanawake wajawazito wanaishi katika ukungu wa citronella. Valdemar Geo alichangia hadithi hii. Copyright 2020 NPR. Kwa maelezo zaidi, tembelea www.nl.org. | <urn:uuid:fe90875f-d727-4689-91aa-6b24fd0d6f50> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.kuer.org/2015-12-11/why-brazil-doesnt-want-women-in-the-northeast-to-become-pregnant | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
In Celebration Of Labor Day, A Look At Women In The U.S. Workforce
Women have been breaking all sorts of glass ceilings recently.
At the 2016 Rio Olympics, U.S. women took home more gold medals than anybody else. Beyoncé was nominated for 11 VMA awards this year and took home eight, setting a record for VMA wins (and the #BeyHive rejoiced). And of course, this summer Hillary Clinton became the first woman to be nominated for president by a major political party. That's never happened in our nation's 240 year history.
And for everyday working women, a lot has changed for the better, too. Wages have increased and some women even now generally earn more than men.
Let's look deeper at the state of women in the workforce. We'll use Clinton's historic first as our jumping-off point.
Women In Elected Office
There are now more women serving in public office than ever before. There were only 15 women serving in the 92nd Congress (1971-1973). Now there are 108. However, we still don't have full representation, as NPR's Danielle Kurtzleben reports:
That slow creep into presidential campaigns reflects a larger trend: Women make up a bigger share of national and state lawmakers than ever, and yet the share of women in major political positions remains disproportionately low. Women make up around 19 percent of all members of Congress and less than 25 percent of all state legislators. They also make up six of the nation's 50 governors, or 12 percent.
Well, there could be several reasons: Women are still the primary caregivers in their households, they're more wary of the perceptions of gender bias in the political arena, and they need to be greatly encouraged to run in the historically male-dominated political sphere.
A look at other countries shows just how far behind American women are (if we keep in mind women only make up 22 percent of all government positions globally). Cuba, South Africa, Sweden, Afghanistan, Sudan and Mexico are just a few countries with higher female representation in government than the U.S., according to data by the International Organization of Parliaments. America is 97th of 203 countries. Who's first? Rwanda, with a lower house of parliament that is 63.8 percent female.
Women Entering The Workforce: College And Careers
The U.S. has seen booms in college-educated women, most notably during the first part of the 20th century, again in the 1970s, and now. There are currently more women enrolling in college than men, particularly Hispanic and black women, according to a study by the Pew Research Center. In 1994, there was only a two percentage point difference in the rate at which recent female and male high school graduates enrolled at four-year institutions. By 2012, women were outpacing men in college enrollment by more than ten percentage points.
With the increase in college degrees, there are now more women seeking careers that were once solely headed by men. For example, the population of lawyers was 12.4 percent female in 1980. Today, women make up 36 percent. (Of course, that's still a large gender disparity. And of note: When it comes to taking the lead role in trials, female lawyers are less likely to do so, according to a study by the American Bar Association.)
Part of what you want to do is introduce this with the ABCs and the colors. And particularly focusing on girls participation-math, science, technology-early is important.
There's also been a push to include more women in STEM fields — science, technology, engineering and math — and progress has been mixed. Women now earning degrees in bioscience about equal men. But the number of women majoring in computer science and engineering is lagging behind that of men. In an interview with Recode, President Obama told tech columnist Kara Swisher that the government wasn't doing enough to help schools teach the skills necessary for careers in mathematics and science and that the entertainment industry needed to do a better job in portraying successful women engineers.
"Part of what you want to do is introduce this with the ABCs and the colors. And particularly focusing on girls, participation — math, science, technology — early is important," Obama said. "Underrepresented groups, African-Americans, Latinos. We've got to get those kids tapped in."
The Obama administration's White House Council on Women and Girls and the Office of Science and Technology have worked to expand the number of female STEM students. The most recent initiative was a push for an additional $4 billion in funding for increasing educational science and technology programs in elementary, middle and high schools across the nation.
"Equal pay for equal work is a shared American value," Republican Sen. Deb Fischer told Congress on Equal Pay Day this year. "At its core, equal pay is about basic fairness and ensuring that every woman, just like every man, has the opportunity to build a life that she chooses."
In 2016, women earned 81.8 percent of what men earned on a weekly basis, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Using America's median income, that means women earned $320 less a month and $3,840 less a year. For Hispanic and black women, earnings tend to dip even lower.
Of course, these numbers become more fluid depending on career. For instance, women who worked in education made a median weekly salary of $907 in 2015, while men in the same field earned $1,144.
In 2009, the first piece of legislation Obama signed was the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, extending the period of time for women to file complaints of employment discrimination regarding earnings. This year, Obama went one step further by proposing companies with over 100 employees disclose salary data based on race, gender and ethnicity.
Another bill, the Paycheck Fairness Act, would protect women from retaliation from their employer when they seek to discuss and challenge their wages. The bill has been introduced to Congress every year since 1977, and has repeatedly been defeated. It was again introduced in November 2015, but no real action has been taken on it since.
So, More Leaders And More Grads. Why Less Pay?
A number of theories could explain why the gender wage gap is so persistent. For one, women are less likely to negotiate their salaries. Emily Martin, vice president and general counsel of the National Women's Law Center, told NPR's Jennifer Ludden, "Because often your pay is set with some reference to how much you made at your last job, the impact of pay discrimination can follow people through their careers."
Another factor that could be contributing to unequal pay: motherhood. Women who have children often bump up against what's termed a "maternal wall" and make less than young, childless women who live in cities, according to a study by Reach Advisors' James Chung. The reason could be fear on the part of employers that mothers won't be as committed to their jobs as childless workers. As NPR's Yuki Noguchi reported, there's been a steady increase of pregnancy and maternity discrimination charges filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission since the 1990s.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | Siku ya Wafanyakazi: Mtazamo wa Wanawake nchini Marekani Wanawake wa kazi wamekuwa wakivunja kila aina ya dari za kioo hivi karibuni. Katika michezo ya Olimpiki ya Rio 2016, wanawake wa Marekani walichukua medali za dhahabu zaidi kuliko mtu mwingine yeyote. Beyoncé amechaguliwa kwa tuzo 11 za VMA mwaka huu na alichukua nyumbani nane, akiweka rekodi ya ushindi wa VMA. Mwaka huu, Hillary Clinton alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuchaguliwa na chama kikubwa cha siasa. Hii haijawahi kutokea katika historia ya nchi yetu ya miaka 240. Na kwa wanawake wanaofanya kazi kila siku, mengi yamebadilika kwa ajili ya bora, pia. Mishahara imeongezeka na hata sasa wanawake fulani kwa ujumla hupata mapato zaidi ya wanaume. Hebu tuangalie kwa undani zaidi hali ya wanawake katika nguvu za kazi. "Tutatumia historia ya Clinton kama hatua yetu ya kuanza.""" Wanawake katika Ofisi za Uchaguzi Sasa kuna wanawake wengi zaidi wanaotumikia katika ofisi za umma kuliko hapo awali. Wanawake 15 tu walihudumu katika Bunge la 92 (1971-1973). Sasa kuna 108. "Hata hivyo, bado hatuna uwakilishi kamili, kama Danielle Kurtzleben wa NPR anaripoti: ""Hiyo kuingia polepole katika kampeni za urais inaonyesha mwelekeo mkubwa: Wanawake wanafanya sehemu kubwa ya wabunge wa kitaifa na wa serikali kuliko hapo awali, na bado sehemu ya wanawake katika nafasi kuu za kisiasa inabaki chini sana.""" Wanawake ni asilimia 19 ya wabunge wa Marekani na chini ya asilimia 25 ya wabunge wa majimbo. Pia, wanawakilisha asilimia 12 ya magavana 50 wa nchi hiyo. "Hii inaweza kuwa na sababu kadhaa: wanawake bado ni watunzaji wa msingi katika nyumba zao, wao ni zaidi ya tahadhari ya maoni ya ubaguzi wa kijinsia katika uwanja wa kisiasa, na wanahitaji kuhamasishwa sana kuendesha katika historia ya kiume-dominated siasa. """ Kwa mujibu wa ripoti hiyo, wanawake wa Marekani wamechelewa sana kupata nafasi za serikali, huku wanawake wakishiriki asilimia 22 tu ya nafasi za serikali duniani. Cuba, Afrika Kusini, Sweden, Afghanistan, Sudan na Mexico ni nchi chache tu zilizo na uwakilishi wa wanawake katika serikali kuliko Marekani, kulingana na takwimu za Shirika la Kimataifa la Bunge. Marekani ni ya 97 kati ya nchi 203 Ni nani aliye wa kwanza? Rwanda, ambayo inashikilia bunge la chini kwa asilimia 63.8 Wanawake Wanaingia Kazi: Chuo na Kazi Marekani imeona kuongezeka kwa wanawake waliosoma chuo kikuu, hasa katika sehemu ya kwanza ya karne ya 20, tena katika miaka ya 1970, na sasa. Wanawake wengi zaidi wanajiandikisha katika vyuo vikuu kuliko wanaume, hasa wanawake wa Hispania na weusi, kulingana na utafiti uliofanywa na Kituo cha Utafiti cha Pew. Mwaka 1994 kulikuwa na tofauti ya asilimia mbili tu katika kiwango cha wanafunzi wa shule ya sekondari wa wanawake na wa kiume waliojisajili katika taasisi za miaka minne. Mwaka 2012 wanawake walikuwa wakizidi wanaume katika idadi ya wanafunzi wa chuo kikuu kwa zaidi ya asilimia 10. Kwa kuongezeka kwa digrii za chuo kikuu, sasa kuna wanawake wengi wanaotafuta kazi ambazo wakati mmoja ziliongozwa tu na wanaume. Kwa mfano, idadi ya wanasheria walikuwa 12.4% wanawake katika 1980. Leo, wanawake ni asilimia 36. (Bila shaka, hiyo bado ni tofauti kubwa ya jinsia. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika utafiti wa mwaka huu, ""Wanawake wana jukumu la kuongoza katika kesi za mahakama, na wanawake wana uwezekano mdogo wa kufanya hivyo, kulingana na utafiti uliofanywa na Chama cha Wanasheria wa Marekani.""" Kwa hivyo, kwa sehemu ya hii, tunakupa maelezo ya msingi ya ABC na rangi. Na hasa kuzingatia ushiriki wa wasichana - hisabati, sayansi, teknolojia - mapema ni muhimu. Pia kumekuwa na msukumo wa kujumuisha wanawake zaidi katika nyanja za STEM - sayansi, teknolojia, uhandisi na hisabati - na maendeleo yamekuwa mchanganyiko. Wanawake wanaopata digrii katika sayansi ya viumbe wanafanana na wanaume. Lakini idadi ya wanawake wanaofundisha sayansi ya kompyuta na uhandisi ni ya chini kuliko ya wanaume. Katika mahojiano na Recode, Rais Obama alimwambia mwandishi wa habari Kara Swisher kwamba serikali haifanyi vya kutosha kusaidia shule kufundisha ujuzi unaohitajika kwa kazi katika hisabati na sayansi na kwamba tasnia ya burudani inahitaji kufanya kazi bora katika kuelezea wanawake wa mafanikio wa uhandisi. "Kama sehemu ya kazi hii, ni muhimu kuanzisha ""ABC"" na ""Rangi.""" Na hasa kuzingatia wasichana, ushiriki - hisabati, sayansi, teknolojia - mapema ni muhimu, "Obama alisema. "Vikundi visivyo na uwakilishi wa kutosha, Waafrika-Wamarekani, Watalatino. Lazima tuwaunganishe watoto hao". Baraza la Wanawake na Wasichana la Baraza la White House la utawala wa Obama na Ofisi ya Sayansi na Teknolojia wamekuwa wakifanya kazi ya kupanua idadi ya wanafunzi wa kike wa STEM. Mpango huo wa hivi karibuni ni kuimarisha fedha za ziada za dola bilioni 4 kwa ajili ya kuongeza programu za elimu ya sayansi na teknolojia katika shule za msingi, za kati na za sekondari nchini kote. "Mshahara sawa kwa kazi sawa ni thamani ya pamoja ya Marekani, ""Seneta wa Republican Deb Fischer aliiambia Bunge katika Siku ya Mshahara Sawa mwaka huu." "Kimsingi, mshahara sawa ni juu ya usawa wa msingi na kuhakikisha kwamba kila mwanamke, kama kila mwanamume, ana fursa ya kujenga maisha ambayo yeye huchagua. """ Wanawake walipata asilimia 81.8 ya mapato ya wanaume kila wiki, kulingana na Idara ya Takwimu za Kazi. Kwa mujibu wa kipimo cha wastani wa mapato ya wanawake nchini Marekani, wanawake wanajipatia mapato ya chini ya dola 320 kwa mwezi na $3,840 kwa mwaka. Kwa wanawake Wahispania na weusi, mapato huelekea kushuka hata chini. Bila shaka, idadi hizo hubadilika-badilika ikitegemea kazi-maisha. Kwa mfano, wanawake waliofanya kazi katika elimu walipata mshahara wa wastani wa $ 907 kwa wiki mnamo 2015, wakati wanaume katika uwanja huo walipata $ 1,144. Mwaka 2009 Obama alisaini sheria ya Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, ambayo iliongeza muda wa wanawake kuwasilisha malalamiko ya ubaguzi wa kazi. Obama ameweka sheria ya kuwahimiza makampuni yenye wafanyakazi zaidi ya 100 kufichua idadi ya wafanyakazi kulingana na jamii, jinsia na kabila. Sheria ya Haki ya Mshahara (Paycheck Fairness Act) inawalinda wanawake dhidi ya kulipiza kisasi kutoka kwa mwajiri wao wakati wanatafuta kujadili na kupinga mshahara wao. Sheria hiyo imewasilishwa kwa Bunge kila mwaka tangu mwaka wa 1977 na mara nyingi imepingwa. Mkataba huo ulifunguliwa mnamo Novemba 2015, lakini hakuna hatua yoyote iliyopigwa tangu wakati huo. Kwa hiyo, Viongozi Wengi na Wahitimu Wengi. Kwa Nini Kulipa Chini? Nadharia kadhaa zaweza kueleza kwa nini tofauti ya mshahara wa jinsia ni ya kudumu sana. Kwa mfano, wanawake hawawezi kujadili mshahara wao. "Emily Martin, makamu wa rais na mshauri mkuu wa Kituo cha Sheria cha Wanawake cha Kitaifa, aliiambia Jennifer Ludden, ""Kwa sababu mara nyingi mshahara wako huamuliwa kwa kumbukumbu ya kiasi gani ulichopata katika kazi yako ya mwisho, athari za ubaguzi wa mshahara zinaweza kufuata watu katika kazi zao.""" Jambo jingine ambalo linaweza kuchangia kutokuwa na usawa wa mshahara: kuwa mama. "Wanawake ambao wana watoto mara nyingi hupambana na kile kinachoitwa ""ukuta wa mama"" na hufanya chini ya wanawake wachanga, wasio na watoto ambao wanaishi katika miji, kulingana na utafiti uliofanywa na James Chung wa Reach Advisors." Sababu inaweza kuwa hofu kwa upande wa waajiri kwamba akina mama hawatakuwa kama kujitolea kwa kazi zao kama wafanyakazi wasio na watoto. "Yuki Noguchi, mwandishi wa NPR, alisema: ""Kulikuwa na ongezeko la mara kwa mara la mashtaka ya ubaguzi wa ujauzito na uzazi yaliyowasilishwa kwa Tume ya Fursa za Usawa wa Ajira tangu miaka ya 1990." Copyright 2020 NPR. Kwa maelezo zaidi, tembelea www.nl.org. | <urn:uuid:58a13f51-0da8-428e-b192-a3f1ac517009> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.kuer.org/2016-09-05/in-celebration-of-labor-day-a-look-at-women-in-the-u-s-workforce | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
International arbitration is similar to domestic court litigation, except it takes place before private adjudicators known as arbitrators rather than a domestic court. It is a private, enforceable, consensual, neutral, binding, and enforceable method of resolving international disputes that is often faster and less expensive than domestic court proceedings.
International arbitration has emerged to allow parties from various legal, linguistic, and cultural backgrounds to resolve their issues in a final and binding manner, often without the formality of their own legal systems' procedural standards.
How Are International Arbitration Awards Enforced?
Arbitration rulings, unlike traditional court verdicts, can be enforced in most countries thanks to the New York Convention, which went into effect on June 7, 1959. Today, the New York Convention has been adopted by over 150 nations, implying that arbitration judgements can be enforced in almost 3/4 of the countries recognized by the United Nations.
The governing law of a contract, or the law of tort relating to a contract, the arbitration laws of the seat of arbitration, and the New York and Washington conventions are the primary laws on which international arbitration lawyers fight a case (alternatively known as the ICSID Convention).
What Is Fast-Track International Arbitration?
To guarantee that disputes are resolved quickly, the parties can agree to resolve arbitrations using "fast-track" or "expedited" arbitration, which is arbitration with procedural procedures designed to ensure that issues are resolved quickly. It's also a good idea to choose a competent arbitrator and competent legal counsel with extensive experience in international arbitration law and process. There is also a provision which gives an option to go for fast-track arbitration and finish the entire process in 6 months.
International Commercial Arbitration's Advantages and Disadvantages
Despite its popularity as an alternate technique for resolving international commercial disputes, international commercial arbitration has both strengths and weaknesses in many areas. The neutrality of arbitrators or international arbitration institutions, the enforceability of arbitral awards in foreign countries, the flexibility of the arbitration process, and the confidentiality of arbitration proceedings are frequently cited as the most beneficial features of international commercial arbitration, despite some criticisms. While the expense and slowness of this method make it inherently disadvantaged.
A Neutral Decision
Parties to international commercial contracts are virtually always from different nations. Because of this feature of international commercial treaties, arbitration is a better option for resolving disputes than going to the national court of the opposing party. Parties can either nominate an arbitrator from another country or request an appointment from an international arbitral tribunal. They gain neutrality in the selection of legislation, venue, procedure, and tribunal in this way.
An Enforceable Decision
The final award of an arbitral tribunal is a directly enforceable decision both nationally and internationally since it is a binding decision rather than a recommendation. In this regard, an arbitral tribunal's decision differs from that of a national court of law. International accords governing the execution of arbitral rulings, such as the New York Convention, are more widely accepted than reciprocal judgement enforcement.
Flexibility of Arbitral Process
There are no set rules that must be followed during an arbitration process. International commercial arbitration gives the parties a lot of freedom in deciding on procedural rules and deadlines, as well as choosing a technically expert decision-maker who is most suited to their specific dispute.
Unlike hearings in national courts, international commercial arbitration is essentially a private process in which the press and public are not permitted to attend, and the confidentiality of arbitral proceedings is sometimes regarded as one of the most fundamental benefits of arbitration.
Cost and Delay
The parties must pay the arbitrators' fees and expenses, making international commercial arbitration an expensive process. It may also be necessary to pay an arbitral institution's administrative fees and expenditures.
It may be difficult to schedule hearing dates due to busy arbitrators, counsel, and clients from distant counties, and the requirement to agree on most procedural stages slows the process. | Mahakama ya kimataifa ni sawa na mahakama ya ndani, isipokuwa hufanyika kabla ya waamuzi wa kibinafsi wanaojulikana kama mahakimu badala ya mahakama ya ndani. Ni njia ya kibinafsi, ya kutekelezwa, ya makubaliano, ya kutokuwamo, ya kulazimisha, na ya kutekelezwa ya kutatua mabishano ya kimataifa ambayo mara nyingi ni ya haraka na ya bei nafuu kuliko kesi za mahakama za ndani. Arbitration ya kimataifa imeibuka ili kuruhusu vyama kutoka asili mbalimbali za kisheria, lugha na utamaduni kutatua masuala yao kwa njia ya mwisho na ya kulazimisha, mara nyingi bila utaratibu wa viwango vya utaratibu wa mifumo yao wenyewe ya kisheria. Maamuzi ya Kimataifa ya Mahakama ya Uhukumu Yinatekelezwaje? Hukumu za mahakama za kimataifa, tofauti na hukumu za kawaida za mahakama, zinaweza kutekelezwa katika nchi nyingi kwa sababu ya Mkataba wa New York, ambao ulianza kutumika Juni 7, 1959. Mkataba wa New York umekubaliwa na mataifa zaidi ya 150 na kwa hivyo hukumu za mahakama za kimataifa zinaweza kutekelezwa katika karibu nchi tatu kati ya nne zinazotambuliwa na Umoja wa Mataifa. Sheria ya kisheria ya mkataba, sheria ya tort inayohusiana na mkataba, sheria za upendeleo wa kiti cha upendeleo, na mikataba ya New York na Washington ni sheria za msingi ambazo wanasheria wa upendeleo wa kimataifa wanapigana kesi (au inayojulikana kama Mkataba wa ICSID). Uamuzi wa Kimataifa wa Haraka Ni Nini? "Kwa hivyo, kwa sababu ya hali ya kipekee ya utata, ni muhimu kwamba pande zote mbili zikatumia njia ya ""haraka"" au ""haraka"" ya upatanishi, ambayo ni upatanishi na taratibu za utaratibu zilizobuniwa ili kuhakikisha kuwa masuala yanatatuliwa haraka." Ni bora kuchagua mshauri wa kisheria mwenye ujuzi na uzoefu mkubwa katika sheria na mchakato wa usuluhishi wa kimataifa. Pia kuna utoaji ambao unatoa chaguo la kwenda kwa upatanishi wa haraka na kumaliza mchakato mzima katika miezi sita. International Commercial Arbitration (ICAR) ni njia ya kimataifa ya biashara ya mahakama ya kimataifa, ambayo ina nguvu na udhaifu katika maeneo mengi. Ukatili wa mahakimu au taasisi za mahakama ya kimataifa, enforceability ya maamuzi ya mahakama katika nchi za kigeni, kubadilika kwa mchakato wa mahakama, na usiri wa kesi za mahakama ni mara nyingi zilizotajwa kama sifa bora ya mahakama ya kimataifa ya kibiashara, licha ya baadhi ya ukosoaji. Wakati gharama na polepole ya njia hii kufanya ni asili hasara. A Uamuzi Neutral Vyama vya mikataba ya kibiashara ya kimataifa ni karibu daima kutoka mataifa tofauti. Kwa sababu ya jambo hili la mikataba ya kibiashara ya kimataifa, upatanishi ni chaguo bora la kutatua mabishano kuliko kwenda kwenye mahakama ya kitaifa ya upande mwingine. Vyama vinaweza ama kuteua mpatanishi kutoka nchi nyingine au kuomba uteuzi kutoka mahakama ya kimataifa ya upatanishi. Kwa njia hiyo wanapata kutokuwamo katika kuchagua sheria, mahali, utaratibu, na mahakama. Hukumu ya mwisho ya mahakama ya upendeleo ni uamuzi wa moja kwa moja kutekelezwa katika nchi zote mbili na kimataifa tangu ni uamuzi wa kisheria badala ya mapendekezo. Katika jambo hili, uamuzi wa mahakama ya upendeleo hutofautiana na ule wa mahakama ya kitaifa. Mikataba ya kimataifa inayosimamia utekelezaji wa maamuzi ya mahakama, kama vile Mkataba wa New York, inakubaliwa sana kuliko utekelezaji wa hukumu ya pande zote mbili. Uwezo wa mchakato wa usuluhishi Hakuna sheria zilizowekwa ambazo lazima zifuatwe wakati wa mchakato wa usuluhishi. Arbitration ya kimataifa ya kibiashara huwapa pande uhuru mwingi katika kuamua juu ya sheria za utaratibu na tarehe za mwisho, na pia kuchagua mteuzi wa uamuzi wa kiufundi ambaye ni bora kwa mzozo wao maalum. Tofauti na mahakama za kitaifa, mahakama ya kimataifa ya kibiashara ni mchakato wa kibinafsi ambao vyombo vya habari na umma hawaruhusiwi kuhudhuria, na usiri wa kesi za mahakama wakati mwingine huchukuliwa kama moja ya faida za msingi za mahakama. Gharama na Ucheleweshaji Vyama lazima kulipa ada na gharama za mahakimu, kufanya mahakama ya kimataifa ya kibiashara mchakato wa gharama kubwa. Inaweza pia kuwa muhimu kulipa ada za kiutawala na gharama za taasisi ya usuluhishi. Inaweza kuwa vigumu kupanga tarehe za kusikilizwa kwa sababu ya mahakimu, washauri, na wateja kutoka wilaya za mbali, na mahitaji ya kukubaliana juu ya hatua nyingi za utaratibu hupunguza mchakato. | <urn:uuid:7091d8ba-f032-4ba8-a683-4cb867da777f> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.legalpay.in/post/international-arbitration-process | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Grosse Fuge refers to the music composition by Ludwig van Beethoven. It is considered one of his most significant works from his late period.
Composed in 1825, Grosse Fuge was initially intended as the final movement of Beethoven's String Quartet Op. 133. However, its complexity and innovative nature exceeded the standards of the time and caused controversy and confusion during its premiere.
One of the notable features of this piece is its immense length and intricate musical structure. It showcases Beethoven's unique compositional style, with constantly evolving and varying themes that demonstrate a rich range of emotions and musical expression. The composition employs an abundance of counterpoint and fugue techniques, showcasing Beethoven's technical prowess and innovation as a composer.
Performing Grosse Fuge requires a high level of skill and coordination, demanding not only virtuosic playing but also a deep understanding and conveyance of the complex structure and emotions within the music. Despite the initial controversy, the piece later gained widespread acclaim and is considered one of Beethoven's compositional peaks.
A manuscript refers to a handwritten or handcrafted document, typically in the context of written works such as books, musical compositions, or historical texts. It represents the original or early form of a written work before it is printed or published.
In the realm of music, a musical manuscript specifically refers to a handwritten or hand-notated document that contains musical notation, such as sheet music or scores. It is used to record and preserve musical compositions before the advent of printing and engraving methods.
Musical manuscripts can vary in format and appearance depending on the time period and the individual composer's practices. They may be written on paper or parchment and often feature staff lines, notes, musical symbols, lyrics, and other annotations. Manuscripts may also include additional information such as tempo markings, dynamic indications, and performance instructions.
Studying and interpreting musical manuscripts can provide valuable insights into the composer's intentions, stylistic elements, and historical context of a piece of music. It allows musicians, scholars, and performers to access original or early versions of musical compositions and understand the artistic choices made by the composer.
The Well-Tempered Clavier, also known as Das Wohltemperierte Klavier in German, is a collection of keyboard music composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. It consists of two volumes, each containing a prelude and fugue in all 24 major and minor keys, totaling 48 pieces.
The main purpose of The Well-Tempered Clavier was to showcase the possibilities of tuning systems that allowed for all keys to be played in tune, known as well temperament. Prior to this, keyboards were typically tuned in a way that favored certain keys, making it challenging to play in all tonalities.
The collection is highly regarded for its musical and technical complexity, as well as its pedagogical value. Each prelude and fugue presents unique challenges and explores various musical ideas and techniques. They serve as both artistic compositions and as exercises for keyboard technique and musical understanding.
The Well-Tempered Clavier has had a significant influence on Western music, not only as a keyboard repertoire but also as a theoretical and pedagogical resource. Its exploration of all 24 major and minor keys and the mastery of counterpoint and musical structure showcased in the fugues have made it a cornerstone of keyboard literature.
The collection is widely studied and performed by pianists, harpsichordists, and other keyboard players, and it continues to be an important part of classical music repertoire. The Well-Tempered Clavier remains a testament to Bach's compositional genius and his contributions to music theory and keyboard performance. | Grosse Fuge inarejelea muziki ulioandikwa na Ludwig van Beethoven. Inachukuliwa kuwa moja ya kazi zake muhimu zaidi kutoka kipindi chake cha mwisho. "Große Fuge iliandikwa mwaka 1825 na ilikuwa sehemu ya mwisho ya ""String Quartet"" ya Beethoven." 133. - (Mithali 13:2) Ni nini? Hata hivyo, utata wake na asili yake ya ubunifu ilizidi viwango vya wakati huo na kusababisha utata na machafuko wakati wa maonyesho yake ya kwanza. Mojawapo ya mambo yenye kutokeza ya wimbo huo ni urefu wake mkubwa na muundo wake wa muziki wenye kutatanisha. Inaonyesha mtindo wa kipekee wa Beethoven wa kutunga, na mandhari inayobadilika na kubadilika daima ambayo inaonyesha aina tajiri ya hisia na usemi wa muziki. Wimbo huo unatumia mbinu nyingi za kupinga na za kuteleza, na kuonyesha ustadi wa Beethoven wa kiufundi na ubunifu akiwa mtunzi. Kuimba Fugue ya Grosse inahitaji kiwango cha juu cha ustadi na uratibu, na inahitaji sio tu kucheza kwa ustadi lakini pia uelewa wa kina na usambazaji wa muundo tata na hisia ndani ya muziki. Licha ya ubishi wa awali, baadaye wimbo huo ulipata sifa nyingi na unaonwa kuwa mojawapo ya nyimbo bora zaidi za Beethoven. Hati ya mkono ni hati iliyoandikwa kwa mkono au iliyoundwa kwa mikono, kwa kawaida katika muktadha wa kazi zilizoandikwa kama vile vitabu, nyimbo, au maandishi ya kihistoria. Inawakilisha namna ya awali au ya mapema ya kazi iliyoandikwa kabla ya kuchapishwa au kuchapishwa. Katika muziki, maandishi ya muziki hurejezea hati iliyoandikwa kwa mkono au iliyoandikwa kwa mkono ambayo ina alama za muziki, kama vile noti za muziki au alama. Inatumiwa kurekodi na kuhifadhi nyimbo kabla ya kutokezwa kwa njia za kuchapisha na kuchonga. Hati-mkono za muziki zaweza kutofautiana katika muundo na sura ikitegemea kipindi cha wakati na mazoea ya mtunzi mmoja-mmoja. Huenda zikaandikwa kwenye karatasi au ngozi na mara nyingi huwa na mistari ya mhimili, noti, alama za muziki, maneno ya wimbo, na maelezo mengine. Hati-mkono zaweza pia kutia ndani habari za ziada kama vile alama za mwendo, dalili za nguvu, na maagizo ya utendaji. Kujifunza na kutafsiri hati za muziki kunaweza kutusaidia kuelewa nia ya mtunzi, mitindo yake, na muktadha wa muziki. Inaruhusu wanamuziki, wasomi, na watendaji kupata matoleo ya awali au ya mapema ya nyimbo na kuelewa chaguzi za kisanii zilizofanywa na mtunzi. The Well-Tempered Clavier, pia inajulikana kama Das Wohltemperierte Klavier katika Kijerumani, ni mkusanyiko wa muziki wa keyboard uliotengenezwa na Johann Sebastian Bach. Kitabu hicho kina vitabu viwili, kila kimoja kikiwa na wimbo wa kwanza na wa pili katika sauti zote 24 za major na minor, jumla ya nyimbo 48. "Lengo kuu la ""The Well-Tempered Clavier"" lilikuwa kuonyesha uwezekano wa mifumo ya tuning ambayo iliruhusu kwa funguo zote kuchezwa katika tune, inayojulikana kama ""tempering.""" Kabla ya hapo, kwa kawaida keyboard zilikuwa zimepangwa kwa njia iliyopendelea funguo fulani, na hivyo ikawa vigumu kucheza katika sauti zote. Mkusanyiko huo unathaminiwa sana kwa utata wake wa muziki na wa kiufundi, na vilevile thamani yake ya kielimu. Kila wimbo wa utangulizi na wimbo wa fupi unatoa changamoto za kipekee na kuchunguza mawazo na mbinu mbalimbali za muziki. Zinatumika kama nyimbo za kisanii na pia kama mazoezi ya mbinu za kubeba keyboard na uelewa wa muziki. The Well-Tempered Clavier imekuwa na ushawishi mkubwa juu ya muziki wa Magharibi, si tu kama repertoire keyboard lakini pia kama rasilimali ya nadharia na elimu. Kujifunza kwa kila moja ya funguo 24 kubwa na ndogo na ustadi wa counterpoint na muundo wa muziki ulioonyeshwa katika fugues zimemfanya kuwa jiwe la msingi la fasihi ya keyboard. Mkusanyiko huo huchunguzwa na kuchezwa sana na wanamuziki wa piano, wanamuziki wa kinubi, na wachezaji wengine wa kibodi, na unaendelea kuwa sehemu muhimu ya orodha ya muziki wa kale. The Well-Tempered Clavier bado ni ushahidi wa Bach compositional kipaji na michango yake kwa nadharia ya muziki na utendaji keyboard. | <urn:uuid:1c4a564d-7556-4825-b182-1daaf744844a> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.m5music.hk/en/musical-term/music-history-en/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Welcome back! Today Mathnasium of Kelowna wants to introduce you to one of our proud parents, Lisa. Q: How long has your child been enrolled? A: 8 months Q: What part of Mathnasium Kelowna stood out to you on your first visit? A: It was a..
Is it time for your child to level up in math? Maybe you have an advanced math student who needs an extra push to keep their interest high. Maybe you have a struggling student who needs a confidence boost. Maybe your child is somewhere in between, and you're ready for their math understanding to reach the next level.
In many cases, math students hit a wall, or what the ScientificAmerican likes to call a "mental impasse." This is when the brain of the student is either:
1. Un-stimulated to continue (we often see this in advanced students)
2. Too confused to make progress (we often see this in struggling students)
In either scenario, math education cannot flourish. In order to move the brain from this "mental impasse" phase, some changes need to happen. Dr. Bhattacharya of Goldsmith's Psychology has research suggesting that when a student's mind experiences "Alpha Rhythm," they are better at solving problems. Alpha Rhythm is defined as "the normal electrical activity of the brain when conscious and relaxed." (Think: the opposite of a tense, anxious mind trying to force understanding before the bell rings)
At Mathnasium of Kelowna, we have had a LOT of practice creating the right environment for students to thrive. In fact, we're pros at designing ideal conditions for your child's brain to find that "alpha rhythm". Here's how we do it:
1. We never rush our students. We respect their pace of learning.
2. We provide a safe, friendly environment where students feel confident enough to ask as many questions as they want.
3. We offer different learning styles to appeal to a variety of learning types. Is your child a visual learner? An auditory learner? A kinesthetic learner? A verbal learner? A physical learner? We've got you covered!
Peter C., a Mathnasium Dad, says, "My daughter has been at Mathnasium for a little over a month and she has gone from hating math to printing out extra math worksheets to work on in her spare time!" (See how her interest in math piqued? Now that's a serious level-up!)
No matter what level your student is currently on, we have the tools to help them improve. Your student will feel a boost of confidence and interest when they grow into a new range of math. Time to come visit us at Unit 137 - 1835 Gordon Drive, Kelowna, BC, V1Y3H4. We can't wait to meet you!
Sign up now for a Free Assessment & Trial Session | Karibu tena! Mathnasium ya Kelowna inakuonyesha moja ya wanafunzi wa kwanza wa shule ya msingi. Swali: Mtoto wako amesajiliwa kwa muda gani? "Mfano: ""Mimi na Maths"" ni sehemu ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki"" ya ""Mashabiki""" "Mwanamke: ""Hii ni wakati wa mtoto wangu kuanza kusoma hesabu." Labda una mwanafunzi wa hesabu aliyeendelea ambaye anahitaji msukumo wa ziada ili kudumisha maslahi yake. Labda una mwanafunzi anayepambana ambaye anahitaji kuongezwa kwa ujasiri. Labda mtoto wako yuko mahali fulani kati, na uko tayari kwa uelewa wake wa hisabati kufikia kiwango kifuatacho. Katika visa vingi, wanafunzi wa hisabati hupiga ukuta, au kile ambacho ScientificAmerican hupenda kuita "kizuizi cha kiakili". Hii ni wakati ubongo wa mwanafunzi ni ama: Usiwe na wasiwasi wa kuendelea (naona mara nyingi katika wanafunzi wa hali ya juu) Kwa sababu ya kuwa na wasiwasi sana na kutoweza kufanya maendeleo (na mara nyingi tunaona hii katika wanafunzi wanaopambana) Katika hali yoyote, elimu ya hisabati haiwezi kusitawi. Ili ubongo utoke katika hali hiyo ya "kukatizwa kiakili", mabadiliko fulani yanahitaji kufanyika. "Bhattacharya, Mtaalamu wa Saikolojia wa Goldsmith, anasema: ""Mwanzoni mwa masomo ya masomo ya msingi, wanafunzi wanajifunza kuwa ni bora zaidi katika kutatua matatizo." Alpha Rhythm hufafanuliwa kuwa "shughuli ya kawaida ya umeme ya ubongo unapokuwa na fahamu na utulivu". "Kama vile ""mtu mwenye wasiwasi na wasiwasi"" anayejaribu kulazimisha uelewa kabla ya kengele kupiga, katika Mathnasium ya Kelowna, tumekuwa na mazoezi mengi ya kuunda mazingira sahihi kwa wanafunzi kustawi." "Kwa kweli, sisi ni wataalamu katika kubuni hali bora kwa ubongo wa mtoto wako kupata kwamba ""alpha rhythm.""" Hapa ni jinsi tunavyofanya: 1. Sisi kamwe hatuwahimizi wanafunzi wetu. Tunaheshimu mwendo wao wa kujifunza. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Tunatoa mazingira salama na ya kirafiki ambapo wanafunzi wanahisi kujiamini vya kutosha kuuliza maswali mengi kama wanataka. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Tunatoa mitindo tofauti ya kujifunza ili kuvutia aina mbalimbali za kujifunza. Je, mtoto wako hujifunza kwa kuona? Je, ni mwanafunzi anayejifunza kwa kusikia? Je, ni mwanafunzi wa kinesthetic? Je, ni mwanafunzi wa maneno? Mtaalamu wa mazoezi ya mwili? Sisi got wewe kufunikwa! "Peter C., baba wa shule ya Mathnasium, anasema hivi: ""Binti yangu amekuwa katika shule ya Mathnasium kwa muda wa mwezi mmoja hivi na amechukua hatua ya kuchapisha karatasi za ziada za masomo ya hisabati ili azitumie wakati wake wa kupumzika." (Ona jinsi upendezi wake katika hesabu ulivyozidi? Sasa hiyo ni ngazi ya juu sana!) Haijalishi mwanafunzi wako yuko katika kiwango gani, tuna zana za kumsaidia kuboresha. Mwanafunzi wako atahisi kuongezeka kwa ujasiri na maslahi wakati wanapokua katika aina mpya ya hisabati. Jina la kampuni ni: KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KWENYE KW Hatuwezi kusubiri kukutana na wewe! Kujiandikisha sasa kwa ajili ya bure Tathmini & Jaribio Session | <urn:uuid:e954587e-0d60-4638-8719-8a616ee48d47> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.mathnasium.com/ca/math-centres/kelowna/news/8320220630-its-time-to-level-up | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
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Stress can cause a rash or hives, and it can also worsen existing skin conditions. Treatment options may include cold compress, antihistamines, steroids, and more.
In isolation, mild forms of stress have little impact on the body. However, frequent or chronic exposure to stress can trigger adverse side effects.
In this article, we discuss the causes of stress rashes. We also explore how these are identified, treated, and prevented.
While often thought of as psychological, stress has physical manifestations as well.
One of the places where stress may have an impact is on a person’s skin. Stress can affect the skin in a number of ways.
Hives caused by stress
Stress can trigger an outbreak of hives that can make up a stress rash.
Hives are raised, red-colored spots or welts. They vary in size and can occur anywhere on the body.
Areas affected by hives can feel itchy. In some cases, they cause a tingling or burning sensation when touched.
These hives can occur due to a variety of different causes, such as:
- cold or heat exposure
- certain medications, including antibiotics
The most common cause of hives is an allergen entering the body. For example, an individual with hay fever may develop hives as a result of exposure to pollen.
It is also possible for emotional stress to trigger an outbreak of hives. There can be a number of hormonal or chemical changes that occur in response to stress.
These changes can trigger blood vessels to expand and leak, causing red and swollen patches of skin. The resulting hives can be made worse by:
- consumption of alcohol or caffeine
- exposure to warm temperatures
Stress may worsen existing skin conditions
Stress rashes may be considered acute if they clear up in less than 6 weeks. If they persist for longer, they are deemed to be chronic.
Typically, rashes will clear up after a few days and it is not necessary to seek treatment. Help should be sought if the rashes take longer than this to clear up.
Experiencing an outbreak of hives can be uncomfortable regardless of when it clears up. In such cases, an individual should seek treatment to ease the irritation caused by hives.
Similarly, most stress rashes are fairly mild, but taking action to manage an outbreak is recommended to lessen its impact.
Particularly, a rash may cause feelings of unhappiness. This may amplify an individual’s stress and worsen the rash further.
Hives may sometimes cover the entire body or be accompanied by:
- skin peeling or blisters
If so, it could indicate a more serious condition or allergy, and a doctor should be consulted immediately.
Treatment for a stress rash can usually be done at home, using nonprescription antihistamines. These should help to relieve the itching.
Antihistamines are available for purchase over-the-counter or online.
Alternatively, cooling the skin can also relieve itching. This can be achieved by taking a cool bath or using a cold compress, available for purchase online.
In more severe cases, a doctor may prescribe a short course of:
- stronger antihistamines
- antibiotic tablets
If the rashes continue, a doctor may refer a person to a skin specialist, who will continue to prescribe medication while trying to identify triggers for the hives.
Some people may also find their rashes are related to the development of other conditions, such as angioedema or anaphylaxis. This will affect how the rashes are treated, according to the nature of the complication.
It maybe that a rash is the result of a factor other than stress, such as:
- Heat rash: Exposure to a hot and humid climate can cause heat rashes to develop.
- Eczema: This chronic condition can occur at any age. It is characterized by small bumps on the skin that can spread to form dense red patches, known as plaques.
- Contact dermatitis: This is caused by an allergen, such as particular soaps or jewellry, coming into contact with the skin.
- Pityriasis rosea: This is a common skin condition typified by a large rash often surrounded by smaller bumps or rashes.
- Rosacea: Rashes due to rosacea often (but not always) appear on the face and may persist for weeks or months. There is no cure for this condition and rashes can reoccur despite treatment.
It is common to experience stress. The best way to prevent stress rashes is to reduce exposure to stress. Unfortunately, this is not always possible.
Certain stressors, causing the stress, may be unavoidable. These include difficult work situations or relationships. However, it is possible to do things that aid a person’s ability to deal with stress.
One approach is to work with lifestyle factors to minimize the impact of the stress, by:
Stress can also be addressed through therapy or relaxation techniques, which are known to be helpful. One such technique is mindfulness meditation.
Eliminating or reducing the impact of stress can be a difficult task. The most effective strategies will vary depending on the nature of the stressor and the individual.
It will not be possible to always prevent stress from taking a toll on the body. In such circumstances, a stress rash may be unavoidable.
Should a stress rash occur, it is important to minimize the discomfort that it causes and prevent the condition from worsening.
Here are some frequently asked questions about stress rashes.
What does a stress rash look like?
A stress rash can look like raised patches or bumps on the skin. The rash can look pink or red on light skin. It can be harder to see on dark skin.
Why am I suddenly getting stress rashes?
A person may suddenly get a rash in response to emotional stress. This is because stress causes the body to release adrenalin, which can contribute to the development of hives. If stress is frequently causing a rash, a person may wish to contact their doctor for advice on ways to manage stress. Relaxation techniques, meditating, and breathing exercises may help.
How do you get rid of a stress rash?
Antihistamines may help resolve a stress rash. Taking steps to manage stress can also help reduce symptoms or prevent further stress rashes.
How long does a stress rash last?
A stress rash typically lasts 30–60 minutes, though hives can also last for a number of hours or days. A person should contact a doctor for advice if the rash persists for longer. They should seek immediate medical help if they experience a rash alongside other symptoms of an allergic reaction.
Anaphylaxis: Symptoms and what to do
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life threatening. The symptoms develop suddenly and include:
- swelling of the face or mouth
- fast, shallow breathing
- a fast heart rate
- clammy skin
- anxiety or confusion
- blue or white lips
- fainting or loss of consciousness
If someone has these symptoms:
- Check whether they are carrying an epinephrine pen. If they are, follow the instructions on the side of the pen to use it.
- Dial 911 or the number of the nearest emergency department.
- Lay the person down from a standing position. If they have vomited, turn them onto their side.
- Stay with them until the emergency services arrive.
Some people may need more than one epinephrine injection. If the symptoms do not improve in 5–15 minutes, or they come back, use a second pen if the person has one. | Tunajumuisha bidhaa ambazo tunafikiri ni muhimu kwa wasomaji wetu. Unaponunua kupitia viungo kwenye ukurasa huu, tunaweza kupata tume ndogo. Hapa ni mchakato wetu. Kwa hivyo, kwa sababu ya kuwa na bidhaa na bidhaa ambazo tunasimama nyuma yao, timu yetu inachunguza na kutathmini mapendekezo tunayofanya kwenye tovuti yetu. Ili kuamua kama bidhaa hizo zinahitajika kwa ajili ya usalama na ufanisi, tunapaswa kuchunguza viungo vya bidhaa na kuamua ikiwa zina uwezo wa kusababisha madhara. - Chunguza ukweli wa madai yote ya afya: Je, yanapatana na uthibitisho wa kisayansi wa sasa? - Tathmini ya brand: Je, inafanya kazi kwa uadilifu na kufuata mazoea bora ya sekta? Mkazo waweza kusababisha mchochota au uvimbe, na pia waweza kuharibu hali za ngozi zilizopo. Njia za matibabu zaweza kutia ndani compress baridi, antihistamines, steroids, na mengineyo. Kwa kujitenga, aina ndogo-ndogo za mfadhaiko hazina athari kubwa kwa mwili. Hata hivyo, mfadhaiko wa mara kwa mara au wa kudumu waweza kusababisha madhara mabaya. Katika makala hii, tutazungumzia visababishi vya mchochota wa mkazo. Pia tunachunguza jinsi ya kuzitambua, kuzitibu, na kuzizuia. Ingawa mara nyingi huonwa kuwa ya kisaikolojia, mfadhaiko una dalili za kimwili pia. Mojawapo ya sehemu ambazo mfadhaiko waweza kuwa na uvutano ni kwenye ngozi ya mtu. Mkazo waweza kuathiri ngozi kwa njia mbalimbali. Ugonjwa wa kibofu cha kibofu unaosababishwa na mkazo unaweza kusababisha mkojo wa kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu. Vimelea huinuliwa, na huwa na madoa au nywele nyekundu. Zinaweza kuwa na ukubwa tofauti-tofauti na zinaweza kutokea mahali popote mwilini. Maeneo yanayoathiriwa na kibofu cha mimea yaweza kuhisi kukwaruza. Katika visa fulani, husababisha hisia ya kunyooka au kuchoma unapoguswa. Uvimbe wa kibofu unaweza kutokea kutokana na sababu mbalimbali, kama vile: - baridi au joto - dawa fulani, ikiwa ni pamoja na antibiotics Sababu ya kawaida ya kibofu ni allergen kuingia katika mwili. Kwa mfano, mtu mwenye homa ya nyasi aweza kupata kibofu cha kibofu kwa sababu ya kuathiriwa na chavua ya maua. Pia huenda mkazo wa kihisia-moyo ukachochea ugonjwa wa kibofu. Kuna mabadiliko kadhaa ya homoni au ya kemikali yanayotokea kwa sababu ya mkazo. Mabadiliko hayo yanaweza kusababisha mishipa ya damu kupanuka na kuvuja, na kusababisha sehemu nyekundu na zilizovimba za ngozi. Ugonjwa wa kichefuchefu unaweza kuongezeka kwa sababu ya kunywa pombe au caffeine, na kuathiriwa na joto kali, na inaweza kuharibu hali ya ngozi ya kawaida, na inaweza kuonekana kuwa kali ikiwa itatoweka kwa muda wa wiki sita. Ikiwa huendelea kwa muda mrefu zaidi, huonwa kuwa ya kudumu. Kwa kawaida, mlipuko huo hutoweka baada ya siku chache na si lazima utafute matibabu. Msaada unapaswa kutafutwa ikiwa mlipuko huchukua muda mrefu kuliko huo ili kuondolewa. Kuugua kichefuchefu cha kibofu cha mimea kunaweza kuwa jambo lisilo la kawaida bila kujali ni lini kitapotea. Katika visa kama hivyo, mtu anapaswa kutafuta matibabu ili kupunguza uchungu unaosababishwa na kibofu. Vivyo hivyo, maambukizo mengi ya mkazo ni ya kiasi kidogo, lakini kuchukua hatua za kudhibiti mlipuko hupendekezwa kupunguza athari zake. Hasa, mchochota wa ngozi waweza kusababisha hisia za kutoridhika. Hilo laweza kuongeza mkazo wa mtu na kuzidisha ugonjwa huo. Hives inaweza wakati mwingine kufunika mwili wote au kuambatana na: - ngozi peeling au blisters Kama ni hivyo, inaweza kuonyesha hali mbaya zaidi au mzio, na daktari anapaswa kushauriana mara moja. Kwa kawaida matibabu ya kifafa cha mkazo yanaweza kufanywa nyumbani, kwa kutumia dawa za kuua viini zisizo na dawa. Hizi zapasa kusaidia kupunguza kukwaruza. Dawa za antihistamini zinapatikana kwa ajili ya ununuzi juu ya-the-counter au mtandaoni. Vinginevyo, kupoza ngozi kunaweza pia kupunguza kukwaruza. Hii inaweza kupatikana kwa kuchukua kuoga baridi au kutumia compress baridi, inapatikana kwa ajili ya ununuzi mtandaoni. Katika kesi kali zaidi, daktari anaweza kuagiza matibabu mafupi ya: - antihistamines kali - antibacterial vidonge - ikiwa mlipuko unaendelea, daktari anaweza kumpeleka mtu kwa mtaalamu wa ngozi, ambaye ataendelea kuagiza dawa wakati akijaribu kutambua sababu za kibofu. Watu wengine wanaweza pia kupata kwamba mlipuko wao unahusiana na magonjwa mengine, kama vile angioedema au anaphylaxis. Hilo litaathiri jinsi vidonda hivyo vinavyotibiwa, kulingana na hali ya tatizo hilo. Ugonjwa wa joto unaweza kutokea kwa sababu nyingine kama vile joto kali au joto kali, na kuathiriwa na hali ya hewa ya joto na unyevu inaweza kusababisha joto kali. - Eczema: Hali hii ya kudumu yaweza kutokea katika umri wowote. Inaonekana kama madoa madogo kwenye ngozi ambayo yanaweza kuenea na kutokeza madoa mekundu yenye rangi nyekundu. - Ugonjwa wa ngozi: Huo husababishwa na kichocheo, kama vile sabuni au vito fulani, vinavyogusa ngozi. - Pityriasis rosea: Hii ni hali ya kawaida ya ngozi inayoonyeshwa na mlipuko mkubwa mara nyingi kuzungukwa na bumps ndogo au mlipuko. - Rosacea: Mara nyingi (lakini si mara zote) mlipuko unaosababishwa na rosacea huonekana usoni na waweza kudumu kwa majuma au miezi. Hakuna tiba ya hali hii na mlipuko waweza kutokea tena licha ya matibabu. Ni jambo la kawaida kuwa na mfadhaiko. Njia bora ya kuzuia mchochota wa mkazo ni kupunguza mfiduo wa mkazo. Kwa kusikitisha, si mara zote jambo hilo linawezekana. Huenda mambo fulani yanayosababisha mfadhaiko yasipeweke. Hizi zinatia ndani hali ngumu za kazini au mahusiano. Hata hivyo, inawezekana kufanya mambo yanayoweza kumsaidia mtu kushughulika na mfadhaiko. Njia moja ni kufanya kazi na mambo ya mtindo wa maisha ili kupunguza athari za mkazo, kwa: Mkazo unaweza pia kushughulikiwa kupitia tiba au mbinu za kupumzika, ambazo zinajulikana kuwa na msaada. Mbinu moja kama hiyo ni kutafakari kwa uangalifu. Kuondoa au kupunguza athari za mfadhaiko kwaweza kuwa kazi ngumu. Mbinu zenye matokeo zaidi zitatofautiana ikitegemea hali ya kichocheo na mtu binafsi. Hawezekani sikuzote kuzuia mkazo usichukue sehemu kubwa ya mwili. Katika hali kama hizo, huenda ukosefu wa mkazo usipuuzwe. Ikiwa mchochota wa mkazo utatokea, ni muhimu kupunguza maumivu unayosababisha na kuzuia hali hiyo isiwe mbaya zaidi. Hapa kuna maswali kadhaa yanayoulizwa mara nyingi kuhusu mchochota wa mkazo. Uvimbe wa mkazo huonekanaje? Mlipuko wa mkazo waweza kuonekana kama madoa yaliyoinuka au vidonda kwenye ngozi. Mlipuko huo waweza kuonekana kuwa wa rangi ya waridi au nyekundu kwenye ngozi nyepesi. Inaweza kuwa vigumu kuona kwenye ngozi nyeusi. Kwa nini ghafula ninapata maambukizo ya mkazo? Mtu aweza kupata mchochota ghafula kwa sababu ya mfadhaiko wa kihisia-moyo. Hii ni kwa sababu mkazo husababisha mwili kutolewa adrenaline, ambayo inaweza kuchangia maendeleo ya kibofu. Ikiwa mara nyingi mkazo husababisha mchochota, huenda mtu akaomba ushauri wa daktari wake kuhusu jinsi ya kushughulikia mkazo. Mbinu za kupumzika, kutafakari, na mazoezi ya kupumua yaweza kusaidia. Unapotezaje mchochota wa mkazo? Dawa za kupambana na histamini zaweza kusaidia kutatua mchochota wa mkazo. Kuchukua hatua za kudhibiti mfadhaiko pia kunaweza kusaidia kupunguza dalili au kuzuia maambukizo zaidi ya mfadhaiko. Mlipuko wa mkazo huendelea kwa muda gani? Ugonjwa wa kichefuchefu wa kawaida huchukua dakika 30 hadi 60, ingawa kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu cha kibofu. Mtu anapaswa kumwuliza daktari ikiwa mchochota huo unaendelea kwa muda mrefu. Wanapaswa kutafuta msaada wa daktari mara moja ikiwa wanapata mchochota pamoja na dalili nyingine za mmenyuko wa mzio. Anafylaxis: dalili na nini cha kufanya Anafylaxis ni athari kali ya mzio ambayo inaweza kuwa hatari kwa maisha. Dalili za ugonjwa huu ni: - uvimbe wa uso au mdomo - kupumua kwa haraka, kwa kina - msukumo wa moyo wa haraka - ngozi yenye unyevunyevu - wasiwasi au kuchanganyikiwa - midomo ya bluu au nyeupe - kuzimia au kupoteza fahamu - Ikiwa mtu ana dalili hizi: - Angalia ikiwa ana kalamu ya epinephrine. Ikiwa ni hivyo, fuata maelekezo yaliyo kwenye upande wa kalamu ili uitumie. - Piga simu ya 911 au nambari ya idara ya dharura iliyo karibu zaidi. - Weka mtu chini kutoka nafasi ya kusimama. Ikiwa wametokwa na kutapika, wageuzeni upande. - kukaa pamoja nao mpaka huduma za dharura kufika. Watu fulani huenda wakahitaji sindano zaidi ya moja ya epinephrine. Ikiwa dalili hazibadiliki baada ya dakika 5 au 15 au zinarudi, tumia kalamu ya pili ikiwa mtu ana moja. | <urn:uuid:191576e7-888e-4e16-bdb1-e4f593590844> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317631 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
While all cataracts impair vision by clouding the eyes’ lenses, not all cataracts are the same. To help patients better understand cataracts, the doctors at Laser Eye Center of Miami have provided this guide to distinguish between the types of cataracts that can develop on the eyes. Read on to learn about nuclear sclerotic cataracts, cortical cataracts, posterior subcapsular cataracts and congenital cataracts:
Nuclear Sclerotic Cataracts
The most common type of cataract is nuclear sclerotic. The term “nuclear” refers to how these cataracts form at the middle of the lens. With time, the lens thickens and changes color. At first the lens looks yellowed but when the cataracts worsen, the eye can appear gray. Interestingly, the eye can lose its ability to distinguish colors as its own color changes.
What makes this kind of cataract unique is that it is known to temporarily improve a patient’s vision initially. Known as “second sight,” this ironic phenomenon enhances one’s ability to look at nearby objects. Unfortunately, this positive effect is fleeting, and the patient’s sight gets drastically worse in the long term.
These cataracts begin to form on the outer layer of the lens. As they worsen, however, the haziness expands inward to reach the nucleus of the eye, which blocks light’s ability to pass through the lens. Patients with cortical cataracts notice symptoms like blurry vision and wavy lines. Prescription lenses are effective at correcting vision when these cataracts are in their early stages, but surgery is necessary as they move inward.
Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts
Posterior subcapsular cataracts form on the back of the lens. While that may seem out of the way, they still pose a problem since that is the area through which light enters the eye. People with these cataracts have an especially hard time seeing at night and reading. Halos can be seen around lights.
Unlike other types of cataracts that progress over a span of years, posterior subcapsular cataracts develop rapidly, becoming severe after a few months.
Although cataracts are generally associated with aging, they can develop at any age. In fact, some children are even born with cataracts. The severity of congenital cataracts varies widely: some kids require no treatment, while others need cataract surgery to see without obstruction.
Find Your Surgeon
The good news is that whatever type of cataracts you have, the experts at Laser Eye Center of Miami have a reliable way to treat it: cataract surgery. To speak to Dr. Gabriel Lazcano and Dr. Abraham Awad about the many benefits of cataract surgery, please call (305) 443-4733 for a consultation. | Ingawa cataracts zote huharibu uwezo wa kuona kwa kuficha lensi za macho, si cataracts zote zinazofanana. Kwa sababu ya kuathiriwa na ugonjwa wa cataracts, daktari wa Laser Eye Center ya Miami ametoa mwongozo huu wa kutofautisha kati ya aina za cataracts ambazo zinaweza kutokea kwenye macho. Kwa mfano, cataracts za nyuklia, cataracts za cortical, cataracts za nyuma za subcapsulary, na cataracts za kuzaliwa, cataracts za nyuklia ni aina ya kawaida ya cataracts. Neno "nyuklia" hurejezea jinsi cataracts hizi zinavyofanyizwa katikati ya lensi. Kadiri wakati unavyopita, lensi hiyo huwa nzito na hubadilika rangi. Mwanzoni lensi huonekana kuwa na rangi ya manjano lakini wakati cataracts zinapoendelea kuwa mbaya zaidi, jicho laweza kuonekana kuwa na rangi ya kijivu. Kwa kweli, jicho laweza kupoteza uwezo wake wa kutofautisha rangi kwa sababu rangi yake mwenyewe hubadilika. Kile kinachofanya aina hii ya cataract kuwa ya kipekee ni kwamba inajulikana kuboresha kwa muda maono ya mgonjwa mwanzoni. Jambo hilo linaloitwa "maono ya pili", linaongeza uwezo wa mtu wa kuona vitu vilivyo karibu. Kwa kusikitisha, athari hiyo nzuri ni ya muda mfupi, na macho ya mgonjwa huharibika sana kwa muda mrefu. Mvua ya jicho huanza kuumbwa kwenye tabaka la nje la lensi. Hata hivyo, kadiri zinavyozidi kuwa mbaya, madoa hayo huenea ndani hadi kwenye kiini cha jicho, na hivyo kuzuia mwanga usipite kwenye lensi. Wagonjwa wenye ugonjwa wa cataract ya cortical huona dalili kama vile maono yasiyo wazi na mistari yenye mawimbi. Lens za kawaida ni bora kwa kurekebisha maono wakati cataracts hizi ziko katika hatua zao za mapema, lakini upasuaji ni muhimu wakati wao kusonga ndani. Cataracts ya nyuma ya subcapsular Cataracts ya nyuma ya subcapsular hufanyiza nyuma ya lensi. Ingawa huenda ikaonekana kuwa ni jambo lisilo la kawaida, bado ni tatizo kwa kuwa hilo ndilo eneo ambalo nuru huingia ndani ya jicho. Watu wenye ugonjwa huo hupata ugumu wa kuona usiku na kusoma. Halos zaweza kuonekana karibu na taa. Tofauti na aina nyingine za cataracts ambazo huendelea kwa miaka mingi, cataracts za nyuma za chini ya capsular huendelea haraka, na kuwa kali baada ya miezi michache. Ingawa kwa kawaida cataracts huhusianishwa na kuzeeka, zinaweza kutokea katika umri wowote. Kwa kweli, watoto fulani hata huzaliwa wakiwa na ugonjwa wa kiwiko. Ugonjwa wa cataract wa kuzaliwa ni hatari sana kwa watoto, na baadhi ya watoto wanahitaji upasuaji wa cataract ili kuona bila vizuizi. Kwa sababu ya ugonjwa wa cataracts, wataalamu wa Laser Eye Center ya Miami wana njia ya kuaminika ya kutibu: upasuaji wa cataracts. Kwa msaada wa Dr. Gabriel Lazcano na Dr. Abraham Awad, tafadhali piga simu kwa (305) 443-4333 kwa ushauri. | <urn:uuid:8bfd49fa-807c-457c-876b-e3ef6c1c39f7> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.miamilaservision.com/understanding-the-different-types-of-cataracts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Cameron: Internet safety tips for parents, children to practice
Published 1:29 pm Monday, March 23, 2020
FRANKFORT – Attorney General Daniel Cameron released tips from the Attorney General’s Cyber Crimes Unit to help parents and caregivers keep their children safe when they are online. As a result of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), school closures and cancellations of extracurricular activities are leading children to spend more time online for academic and recreational purposes.
“Nearly every Kentucky child has experienced a disruption in his or her daily life because of COVID-19,” said Cameron. “As a result, children are spending more time online and can be more susceptible to cyber predators. Parents can take simple, proactive steps to monitor their child’s online presence and keep them safe.”
To protect children from cyber predators, parents should:
• Ask your child who they are communicating with online, and encourage them to only communicate with friends they know. Children often do not view their online “friends” as strangers, so it is important to have a conversation with your child about appropriate ways to communicate online with their friends.
• Use parental controls on your child’s devices so that they cannot access certain websites and content.
• Know the passwords to your child’s online accounts, including email and social media.
• Set limits on screen time.
• Establish rules for how, when, and where the internet can be used. Suggest that electronic devices are used only in communal areas of the home.
• Ask your child to identify a trusted adult who they can communicate with about online concerns.
The Attorney General’s Cyber Crimes Unit is responsible for investigating cyber crimes, including crimes against children, and conducting digital forensic analysis on electronic devices involved in crimes. Last month, the unit partnered with other law enforcement agencies in five separate operations targeting online predators.
If an online predator contacts your child, report the incident immediately to local law enforcement. Do not delete messages, photos, or other types of digital content from the predator, and do not attempt to make contact. | "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika taarifa ya ""Siku ya Usalama wa Mtandao kwa Wazazi na Watoto"" iliyochapishwa Jumatatu, Machi 23, 2020 katika gazeti la AFP, Mwanasheria Mkuu Daniel Cameron ametoa ushauri kutoka kwa Kitengo cha Uhalifu wa Mtandao cha Mwanasheria Mkuu kusaidia wazazi na walezi kuwaweka watoto wao salama wakati wako mtandaoni." Kwa sababu ya ugonjwa wa coronavirus (COVID-19), kufungwa kwa shule na kufutwa kwa shughuli za ziada za shule kunawaongoza watoto kutumia muda zaidi mtandaoni kwa madhumuni ya kitaaluma na burudani. "Karibu kila mtoto wa Kentucky amepatwa na usumbufu katika maisha yake ya kila siku kwa sababu ya COVID-19,"" alisema Cameron." <unk>Kutokana na hilo, watoto wanatumia wakati mwingi zaidi mtandaoni na wanaweza kuwa na uwezekano mkubwa zaidi wa kuathiriwa na watekaji wa kompyuta. Wazazi wanaweza kuchukua hatua rahisi, proactive kufuatilia uwepo wa mtoto wao online na kuwaweka salama. ili kulinda watoto kutoka cyber predators, wazazi wanapaswa: • kuuliza mtoto wako ambaye wao ni kuwasiliana na online, na kuhamasisha yao kuwasiliana tu na marafiki wanajua. Watoto hawaoni marafiki wao wa mtandaoni kama wageni, kwa hivyo ni muhimu kuwa na mazungumzo na mtoto wako juu ya njia sahihi za kuwasiliana na marafiki wao mtandaoni. • Tumia udhibiti wa wazazi kwenye vifaa vya mtoto wako ili wasiweze kupata tovuti na maudhui fulani. • Jifunze nywila za akaunti za mtandaoni za mtoto wako, ikiwa ni pamoja na barua pepe na mitandao ya kijamii. • Weka mipaka ya wakati unaotumia mbele ya kompyuta. • Kuanzisha sheria za jinsi, wakati, na mahali ambapo mtandao unaweza kutumika. Pendekeza kwamba vifaa vya elektroniki vitumiwe tu katika sehemu za kawaida za nyumba. • Mwombe mtoto wako amtaje mtu mzima wa kuaminika ambaye anaweza kuwasiliana naye kuhusu wasiwasi wake wa mtandaoni. Kitengo cha Uhalifu wa Mtandao cha Mwanasheria Mkuu ni wajibu wa kuchunguza uhalifu wa mtandao, ikiwa ni pamoja na uhalifu dhidi ya watoto, na kufanya uchambuzi wa forensic digital kwenye vifaa vya elektroniki vinavyohusika katika uhalifu. Mwezi uliopita, kitengo hicho kilishirikiana na mashirika mengine ya utekelezaji wa sheria katika shughuli tano tofauti za kulenga wawindaji wa mtandaoni. Ikiwa mnyang'anyi wa mtandaoni anawasiliana na mtoto wako, ripoti tukio hilo mara moja kwa mamlaka ya kutekeleza sheria ya mahali hapo. Usifute ujumbe, picha, au aina nyingine za maudhui ya dijiti kutoka kwa mnyang'anyi, na usijaribu kuwasiliana naye. | <urn:uuid:0576f60b-47f9-400b-934e-dc185f8c1e9e> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.middlesboronews.com/2020/03/23/cameron-internet-safety-tips-for-parents-children-to-practice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders can be a source of significant discomfort and pain, affecting one’s ability to speak, eat, and even sleep. As a joint that connects your jaw to the temporal bones of your skull, any dysfunction can have a profound impact on daily life. At Minnesota Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, we understand the challenges faced by those with TMJ issues. This article aims to shed light on Managing TMJ best practices, offering guidance and solutions to those in need.
Understanding TMJ Disorders
Before diving into best practices, it’s crucial to have a clear understanding of TMJ disorders:
- Causes: TMJ disorders can arise from various factors, including injury to the jaw, grinding or clenching of teeth, arthritis in the joint, or even stress leading to tightened facial muscles.
- Symptoms: Common symptoms include pain or tenderness in the jaw, aching pain around the ear, difficulty chewing, and locking of the joint, making it difficult to open or close the mouth.
Managing TMJ Best Practices
For those grappling with TMJ disorders, adopting certain best practices can significantly alleviate symptoms:
- Avoid Overuse: Minimize activities that require wide or forceful jaw movements, such as yawning, singing, and chewing gum.
- Eat Soft Foods: Opt for foods that are easy to chew, like yogurt, mashed potatoes, and soup. Avoid hard, crunchy, or chewy foods.
- Heat or Cold Packs: Applying an ice pack or a warm towel can help reduce pain and inflammation.
- Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers: Non-prescription pain relievers can help manage pain, but it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication.
- Jaw Exercises: Gentle exercises can help strengthen jaw muscles and improve its range of motion. However, it’s crucial to consult with a specialist before attempting any exercises.
In-depth Treatments for TMJ Disorders
While the aforementioned best practices can offer relief, some individuals may require more intensive treatments:
- Physical Therapy: Sessions with a physical therapist can help strengthen jaw muscles, improve flexibility, and promote healing through ultrasound treatments.
- Oral Splints or Mouth Guards: A soft or firm device inserted over the teeth can provide relief from grinding or clenching, common culprits of TMJ pain.
- Medications: Beyond over-the-counter pain relievers, doctors might prescribe higher-dose NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, or even anti-anxiety medications to alleviate symptoms.
- Counseling: Understanding the behaviors and factors that aggravate TMJ pain, such as teeth grinding, nail-biting, or stress, can be beneficial. Counseling can help patients adopt better habits and coping techniques.
The Role of Oral Surgery in Managing TMJ
In cases where conservative treatments don’t provide relief, surgical interventions might be considered:
- Arthrocentesis: A minimally invasive procedure where small needles are inserted into the joint to irrigate and remove debris.
- TMJ Arthroscopy: A surgical procedure where a small thin tube (cannula) is placed into the joint space, and an arthroscope is then inserted to aid in the surgery.
- Modified Condylotomy: This approach addresses the TMJ indirectly, with the surgery on the mandible, not the joint itself.
- Open-joint Surgery: For more severe cases, such as when the joint’s bony structures are eroding, traditional surgery might be necessary.
Minnesota Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Expert Solutions for TMJ Relief
At Minnesota Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, we pride ourselves on offering expert solutions tailored to individual needs:
- Personalized Treatment Plans: Recognizing that every TMJ case is unique, our team crafts treatment plans tailored to each patient’s specific needs and symptoms.
- State-of-the-Art Facilities: Our Minneapolis-based facility is equipped with the latest technology and tools, ensuring patients receive top-tier care.
- Experienced Team: Our team of professionals brings years of experience in diagnosing and treating TMJ disorders, ensuring patients are in capable hands.
Empowering Patients with Knowledge and Care
Managing TMJ disorders can be a journey, but with the right knowledge and care, relief is within reach. By understanding the best practices and seeking expert guidance, individuals can navigate their TMJ challenges with confidence. At Minnesota Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, we stand ready to assist, ensuring every patient receives the care and attention they deserve. Whether it’s through conservative treatments or surgical interventions, our goal is to restore comfort, function, and quality of life to all those grappling with TMJ disorders. | Matatizo ya Temporomandibular (TMJ) yanaweza kuwa chanzo cha usumbufu mkubwa na maumivu, kuathiri uwezo wa mtu wa kuzungumza, kula, na hata kulala. Kama sehemu ya mgongo inayounganisha taya na mifupa ya temporal ya fuvu la kichwa, shida yoyote inaweza kuwa na athari kubwa kwa maisha ya kila siku. Katika Minnesota Oral na Maxillofacial Surgery, tunaelewa changamoto zinazokabiliwa na wale walio na masuala ya TMJ. Makala hii inakusudia kutoa mwanga juu ya mazoea bora ya kusimamia TMJ, kutoa mwongozo na suluhisho kwa wale wanaohitaji. Kabla ya kuingia katika mazoezi bora, ni muhimu kuwa na uelewa wazi wa matatizo ya TMJ: - Sababu: matatizo ya TMJ yanaweza kutokea kutokana na mambo mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na majeraha ya taya, grinding au clenching ya meno, arthritis katika pamoja, au hata mkazo kuongoza kwa misuli ya uso tightened. Dalili za kawaida ni maumivu au uchungu katika taya, maumivu karibu na sikio, ugumu wa kutafuna, na kufungwa kwa viungo, na kufanya iwe vigumu kufungua au kufunga mdomo. Kwa wale wanaoshughulika na matatizo ya TMJ, kufuata baadhi ya mbinu bora inaweza kupunguza dalili: - Kuepuka overuse: Kupunguza shughuli ambazo zinahitaji mwendo wa taya pana au nguvu, kama vile yawning, kuimba, na kutafuna gum. - Kula vyakula vyenye harufu laini: Chagua vyakula vinavyoweza kutafuna kwa urahisi, kama vile mboga ya mboga, viazi vilivyokatwa, na supu. Epuka vyakula vyenye nguvu, vyenye kukata, au vyenye kutafuna. - Pakiti za joto au baridi: Kutumia pakiti ya barafu au kitambaa cha joto kunaweza kusaidia kupunguza maumivu na uvimbe. - Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers: Non-prescription pain relievers inaweza kusaidia kusimamia maumivu, lakini ni muhimu kushauriana na mtaalamu wa huduma ya afya kabla ya kuanza dawa yoyote. - Mazoezi ya taya: Mazoezi laini yaweza kusaidia kuimarisha misuli ya taya na kuboresha mwendo wake. Hata hivyo, ni muhimu kushauriana na mtaalamu kabla ya kujaribu mazoezi yoyote. Matibabu ya kina ya Matatizo ya TMJ Ingawa mazoea bora yaliyotajwa hapo juu yanaweza kutoa misaada, watu wengine wanaweza kuhitaji matibabu ya kina zaidi: - Tiba ya kimwili: Vikao na mtaalamu wa matibabu ya kimwili vinaweza kusaidia kuimarisha misuli ya taya, kuboresha kubadilika, na kukuza uponyaji kupitia matibabu ya ultrasound. - Oral Splints au Mouth Guards: Kifaa laini au imara kuingizwa juu ya meno inaweza kutoa misaada kutoka grinding au clenching, wahalifu wa kawaida wa TMJ maumivu. Zaidi ya dawa za kupunguza maumivu, madaktari wanaweza kuagiza NSAIDs zenye kipimo cha juu, dawa za kupumzika misuli, au hata dawa za kupunguza wasiwasi ili kupunguza dalili. - Ushauri: Kuelewa tabia na mambo yanayozidisha maumivu ya TMJ, kama vile kusaga meno, kula kucha, au mkazo, yaweza kuwa yenye manufaa. Ushauri waweza kuwasaidia wagonjwa wawe na mazoea mazuri na mbinu za kukabiliana na hali hiyo. Katika kesi ambapo matibabu ya kihafidhina hayatoa misaada, upasuaji wa upasuaji unaweza kuzingatiwa: - Arthrocentesis: Utaratibu mdogo wa uvamizi ambapo sindano ndogo huingizwa kwenye pamoja ili kunyunyizia na kuondoa mabaki. Arthroscopy: Upasuaji ambapo bomba ndogo la nyembamba (cannula) huwekwa ndani ya nafasi ya pamoja, na arthroscope huingizwa ili kusaidia katika upasuaji. Condylotomy: Upasuaji huu huathiri TMJ kwa njia isiyo ya moja kwa moja, kwa upasuaji kwenye mandibula, sio pamoja yenyewe. - Upasuaji wa viungo wazi: Kwa kesi kali zaidi, kama vile wakati miundo ya mifupa ya viungo inapoharibika, upasuaji wa jadi unaweza kuwa muhimu. Upasuaji wa mdomo na maxillofacial wa Minnesota: Suluhisho la Wataalam kwa Msaada wa TMJ Katika Upasuaji wa Mdomo na Maxillofacial wa Minnesota, tunajivunia kutoa suluhisho la wataalamu lililoboreshwa kwa mahitaji ya mtu binafsi: - Mipango ya Matibabu ya Kibinafsi: Kutambua kwamba kila kesi ya TMJ ni ya kipekee, timu yetu hutengeneza mipango ya matibabu iliyoboreshwa kwa mahitaji na dalili za kila mgonjwa. - Vifaa vya hali ya juu: Kituo chetu cha Minneapolis kimejengwa kwa teknolojia na zana za kisasa, kuhakikisha wagonjwa hupokea huduma ya kiwango cha juu. Timu yetu ya wataalamu huleta miaka ya uzoefu katika kugundua na kutibu matatizo ya TMJ, kuhakikisha wagonjwa wako katika mikono yenye uwezo. Kuendesha matatizo ya TMJ inaweza kuwa safari, lakini kwa maarifa sahihi na huduma, misaada iko ndani ya kufikia. Kwa kuelewa mazoea bora na kutafuta mwongozo wa wataalamu, watu wanaweza kusafiri changamoto zao za TMJ kwa ujasiri. Katika Minnesota Oral na Maxillofacial Upasuaji, sisi kusimama tayari kusaidia, kuhakikisha kila mgonjwa anapokea huduma na tahadhari wanastahili. Iwe ni kupitia matibabu ya kihafidhina au upasuaji, lengo letu ni kurudisha faraja, utendaji, na ubora wa maisha kwa wote wanaoshambulia matatizo ya TMJ. | <urn:uuid:df7a5971-46b2-4119-bee8-de35302a564e> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.mnofs.com/category/tmj-disorders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Everyone has felt it at one time or the other. It just comes as a surprise and you sometimes don’t even notice. Yes, the indicators pronounce it for you. Anxiety is the name. Many of us worry that hormone imbalances are the cause of many of our health problems. Let alone the effect of hormones on our physical health, but mental health is sure to get affected.
Our mood disorders, depression, stress, anxiety, and other mental ailments are strongly related to the play of hormones in our body. Let’s try to understand how Anxiety comes into the picture when our hormones are at play, because, learning the occurrence of effects can help us balance them.
Our mental health is directed by our brain, which is driven by chemicals called neurotransmitters. When hormone levels in our body are too high or too low, neurotransmitters get affected, resulting in increased anxiety. Anxiety is a disorder that is more persistent with worry, fear, and stress.
The Key Hormones
The neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, Norepinephrine, and gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA) are specifically believed to be linked to mood and anxiety disorders. Serotonin is associated with mood, sleep, appetite, and other regulatory functions in the body. Dopamine influences a person’s energy levels, attention, rewards, and movements. But if the dopamine is imbalanced, that leads to anxiety.
Norepinephrine is related to flight-or-fight response and hence affects anxiety. GABA helps in balancing agitation and excitement giving the feelings of calmness and relaxation. The fluctuation of estrogen and progesterone in your body can cause feelings of anxiety or depression. In women, while estrogen increases serotonin keeping you happy, progesterone gets released slightly after ovulation which causes an anxious mood. The progesterone hormone stimulates the amygdala, the part of the brain responsible for fight-or-flight responses, making the person feel stressed and dull.
The hormones that may increase anxiety are mostly Stress hormones, Sex hormones, and, Thyroid hormones. Understanding their effect on our mind and body can help us manage the impact of those hormones on us.
Affect of Stress, Sex and Thyroid Hormones
Stress hormones are released when we are overwhelmed like during fight-or-flight response or out-of-control situations that make us anxious. Adrenaline and cortisol hormones are released to help us cope with such stressful situations and to act accordingly. But when there’s no physical threat, excess release of these hormones can make anyone feel anxious.
When this state is continuous, the person may feel very anxious leading to panic attacks or feeling an urgency to escape from the place. This condition triggers more release of stress hormones and this, in turn, increases anxiety, while that increased anxiety further increases the hormone release, making it a vicious cycle.
When anxiety triggers, people tend to adopt coping mechanisms. Self-medication or coping mechanisms like smoking, drinking, sugar, or caffeine in-take might provide a surge of relief for a certain period, but they don’t serve the purpose of solving the long-term problem. In addition to that, they might lead to other health problems. The Sex hormones named estrogen and testosterone also have their effect on increased anxiety levels. The hormonal changes are high during puberty.
Very low levels of testosterone result in increased levels of anxiety and when the testosterone levels are high, the anxiety gets reduced. In women, the estrogen hormone contributes to anxiety. It is due to this during puberty and menopause, the anxiety levels are high.
The combined effect of sex hormones and stress hormones can also cause anxiety. For instance, when a person is stressed, the cortisol hormone gets released. But that release of cortisol lowers the ability of testosterone production. This combined effect of increased cortisol and decreased testosterone, in turn, increases anxiety. To make it worse, the partial control that testosterone has on cortisol also increases cortisol production leading to a further increase in anxiety.
This is why we find increasing anxiety sometimes for a simple reason. The symptoms get reduced only when this cycle is interrupted. Thyroid hormones are also the culprits in increasing anxiety. An overactive thyroid hormone can create anxiety through its symptoms like increased heart rate, sweating, and shakiness in the body.
Anxiety in Men and Women
Just as little testosterone would increase anxiety higher levels of it would also reduce it. The science behind the truth is that men are reported to have half the anxiety disorders that women have, which may be the higher levels of testosterone. The two brain chemicals named gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin are boosted by high testosterone levels which help in reducing social anxiety.
Also, the part of the brain named the amygdala, which senses the fear and initiates the fight-to-flight response, becomes less active down due to the high levels of testosterone. The fluctuation in Estrogen levels affects anxiety in women. During the menstrual cycle, when the estrogen levels are low, their anxiety increases. Likewise, when the estrogen hormone increases, a sense of calmness is observed.
Hormones that help reduce Anxiety
Apart from anxiety-elevating hormones, some hormones alleviate anxiety. The most popular among such hormones are Oxytocin and Vasopressin. Oxytocin, the love hormone helps in reducing anxiety. Oxytocin promotes trust, relaxation, and stability which help in managing our anxiety. Vasopressin is a hormone that regulates fluid balance in the brain. It regulates anxiety, stress coping, and social behavior in a person.
A balance between oxytocin and vasopressin helps in optimal social functioning. Vasopressin hormone is particularly related to social behavior, sexual motivation, pair-bonding and maternal responses to stress. To reduce the anxiety levels, one can follow certain habits like, exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, minimizing stress and having enough sleep which can boost the testosterone levels in the body.
Cuddling a loved one, petting a dog or cat, serving food and giving gifts, being generous and expressing
gratitude, being kind to others and listening to them etc., improve the oxytocin levels in our body. Doing all these things, lowers our stress levels and improves calmness in us, thus lowering the anxiety.
Are you looking a way to deal with your anxiety? Our experienced psychologists are ready to help you, either online or offline. Book an appointment, today. | Kila mtu amehisi hivyo wakati mmoja au mwingine. Ni kuja tu kama mshangao na wakati mwingine hata si taarifa. Ndiyo, viashiria husema hivyo kwa ajili yako. Wasiwasi ni jina. Wengi wetu huhofu kwamba kutofautiana kwa homoni ni kisababishi cha matatizo mengi ya afya. Hata hivyo, kwa sababu ya athari za homoni kwenye afya yetu ya kimwili, afya ya akili inaweza kuathiriwa. Matatizo ya hisia, kushuka moyo, mkazo, wasiwasi, na magonjwa mengine ya akili yanahusiana sana na utendaji wa homoni katika mwili wetu. Hebu jaribu kuelewa jinsi wasiwasi huingia katika picha wakati homoni zetu zinacheza, kwa sababu, kujifunza kutokea kwa athari inaweza kutusaidia kusawazisha. Afya ya akili huongozwa na ubongo wetu, ambao huongozwa na kemikali zinazoitwa neurotransmitters. Wakati viwango vya homoni katika mwili wetu ni vya juu sana au vya chini sana, neurotransmitters huathiriwa, na kusababisha wasiwasi ulioongezeka. Wasiwasi ni ugonjwa unaosababishwa na wasiwasi, hofu, na mkazo. Kwa mfano, serotonini, dopamine, norepinephrine, na gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ni muhimu kwa afya ya binadamu. Serotonini huhusianishwa na hali ya moyo, usingizi, hamu ya kula, na utendaji mwingine wa mwili. Dopamine huathiri viwango vya nishati ya mtu, umakini, tuzo, na harakati. Lakini ikiwa dopamine haipatikani, hiyo husababisha wasiwasi. Norepinephrine inahusiana na majibu ya kukimbia au kupigana na kwa hiyo huathiri wasiwasi. GABA husaidia kusawazisha msisimko na msisimko na kutoa hisia za utulivu na kupumzika. Mabadiliko ya estrogen na progesterone katika mwili wako yanaweza kusababisha hisia za wasiwasi au unyogovu. Kwa wanawake, wakati estrogen huongeza serotonini, progesterone hutolewa kidogo baada ya ovulation, na kusababisha hali ya wasiwasi. "Hormoni ya ""progesterone"" huchochea amygdala, sehemu ya ubongo inayohusika katika majibu ya ""upigana au kukimbia,"" na hivyo kumfanya mtu ahisi mkazo na kuchoshwa." Homoni zinazoweza kuongeza wasiwasi ni hasa homoni za Mfadhaiko, homoni za Jinsia, na homoni za Tiroidi. Kuelewa athari za homoni kwenye mwili na akili inaweza kutusaidia kuepuka athari za homoni. Hormoni za shinikizo hutolewa wakati tunaposhindwa, kama wakati wa majibu ya kupigana au kukimbia au hali zisizo na udhibiti ambazo zinatufanya tuwe na wasiwasi. Adrenaline na cortisol hutolewa ili kutusaidia kukabiliana na hali hizo zenye mkazo na kutenda kulingana na hali hiyo. Lakini wakati hakuna tisho la kimwili, kutolewa kupita kiasi kwa homoni hizi kunaweza kumfanya mtu yeyote ahisi wasiwasi. Hali hii inapokuwa ya kuendelea, mtu anaweza kuhisi wasiwasi sana na kusababisha mashambulizi ya hofu au kuhisi dharura ya kutoroka mahali hapo. Hali hii huchochea kutolewa zaidi kwa homoni za mkazo na hii, kwa upande wake, huongeza wasiwasi, wakati wasiwasi huo ulioongezeka huongeza zaidi kutolewa kwa homoni, na kuifanya kuwa mzunguko mbaya. Wakati wasiwasi unapotokea, watu huwa na mwelekeo wa kutumia mbinu za kukabiliana na hali hiyo. "Mafunzo ya kujitunza au ""kupambana"" kama vile kuvuta sigara, kunywa, sukari, au caffeine inaweza kutoa msukumo kwa kipindi fulani, lakini haitumiki kusudi la kutatua tatizo la muda mrefu." Kwa kuongezea, huenda zikawa na matatizo mengine ya afya. Homoni za ngono zinazoitwa estrojeni na testosterone pia zina athari juu ya viwango vya kuongezeka kwa wasiwasi. Mabadiliko ya homoni ni makubwa wakati wa kubalehe. Kiwango cha chini cha testosterone huongeza wasiwasi, na kiwango cha juu cha testosterone hupunguza wasiwasi. Katika wanawake, homoni ya estrojeni huchangia wasiwasi. Kwa sababu hiyo, wakati wa kubalehe na kukoma kwa hedhi, viwango vya wasiwasi ni vya juu. Athari ya pamoja ya homoni za ngono na homoni za mkazo zaweza pia kusababisha wasiwasi. Kwa mfano, mtu anapokuwa na mkazo, homoni ya cortisol hutolewa. Lakini kutolewa kwa cortisol hupunguza uwezo wa uzalishaji wa testosterone. Athari hii ya pamoja ya kuongezeka kwa cortisol na kupungua kwa testosterone, kwa upande wake, huongeza wasiwasi. Kwa kuongezea, kudhibiti kwa sehemu ya testosterone juu ya cortisol pia huongeza uzalishaji wa cortisol na kusababisha ongezeko zaidi la wasiwasi. Hii ndiyo sababu tunapata wasiwasi unaoongezeka wakati mwingine kwa sababu rahisi. Dalili hupungua tu wakati mzunguko huu unapokatizwa. Homoni za tezi-kibofu pia ndizo husababisha wasiwasi. Homoni ya tezi-kibofu yenye utendaji wa kupita kiasi yaweza kusababisha wasiwasi kupitia dalili zake kama vile kuongezeka kwa mpigo wa moyo, kuota jasho, na kutetemeka mwilini. Wasiwasi katika Wanaume na Wanawake: Kama vile testosterone kidogo ingeongeza wasiwasi, viwango vya juu vya testosterone pia vingeipunguza. Kwa mujibu wa utafiti wa kisayansi, wanaume wana nusu ya matatizo ya wasiwasi ya wanawake, ambayo inaweza kuwa viwango vya juu vya testosterone. Kemia mbili za ubongo, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) na serotonin, huongezwa na viwango vya juu vya testosterone, ambayo husaidia kupunguza wasiwasi wa kijamii. Pia, sehemu ya ubongo inayoitwa amygdala, ambayo inahisi hofu na huanzisha majibu ya kupambana-kwa-kukimbia, inakuwa chini ya kazi kwa sababu ya viwango vya juu vya testosterone. Mabadiliko katika viwango vya Estrogen huathiri wasiwasi kwa wanawake. Wakati wa mzunguko wa hedhi, wakati viwango vya estrojeni vinapokuwa chini, wasiwasi wao huongezeka. Vivyo hivyo, homoni ya estrojeni inapozidi kuongezeka, mtu huhisi utulivu. Hormoni zinazopunguza wasiwasi: Mbali na homoni zinazopunguza wasiwasi, homoni nyingine hupunguza wasiwasi. Hormon zinazopendwa sana kati ya homoni hizo ni Oxytocin na Vasopressin. Oxytocin, homoni ya upendo husaidia kupunguza wasiwasi. Oxytocin huendeleza uaminifu, kupumzika, na utulivu ambao husaidia kudhibiti wasiwasi wetu. Vasopressin ni homoni inayodhibiti usawa wa umajimaji katika ubongo. Inadhibiti wasiwasi, kukabiliana na mfadhaiko, na tabia ya kijamii katika mtu. Usawaziko kati ya oxytocin na vasopressin husaidia katika utendaji bora wa kijamii. Homoni ya vasopressin inahusiana hasa na tabia ya kijamii, msukumo wa kingono, vifungo vya jozi na majibu ya mama kwa mkazo. Ili kupunguza viwango vya wasiwasi, mtu anaweza kufuata tabia fulani kama vile, kufanya mazoezi mara kwa mara, kula chakula chenye usawa, kupunguza mkazo na kulala vya kutosha ambayo inaweza kuongeza viwango vya testosterone mwilini. Kupiga makofi, kumkumbatia mtu unayempenda, kumpa chakula, kumpa zawadi, kuwa mkarimu na kumshukuru, kuwa mwema kwa wengine na kuwasikiliza, na kadhalika, huongeza kiwango cha oksitosini mwilini mwetu. Kufanya mambo haya yote, hupunguza viwango vyetu vya mkazo na kuboresha utulivu ndani yetu, hivyo kupunguza wasiwasi. Je, unatafuta njia ya kukabiliana na wasiwasi wako? Wataalamu wetu wa kisaikolojia wa uzoefu wako tayari kukusaidia, iwe mtandaoni au nje ya mtandao. Weka tarehe ya kukutana, leo. | <urn:uuid:c7924e81-913d-4992-8934-ad13d5b870bb> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.mywellnesshub.in/blog/relationship-between-hormones-and-anxiety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Build and maintain strong bones*
Regulate muscle contraction*
Promote better sleep quality*
Ensure a healthy cardiovascular system*
Promote healthy mental system*
Calcium is the foundation of bone formation and strength, and plays a crucial part in nerve signaling, muscle activity, and heart health. It also aids in the release of melatonin, which can induce and maintain sleep quality.
We base our choice of which nutrients to include in our formula on a growing body of research conducted by prestigious organizations. Of the thousands of clinical studies that guide our nutrient selection process, the titles below stand out as highly influential.
Calcium and bone
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Australia
Astroglial Calcium Signaling Encodes Sleep Need in Drosophila
Johns Hopkins University
Calcium intake, calcium bioavailability and bone health
University College, Cork, Ireland
Calcium requirements for bone growth in Canadian boys and girls during adolescence
University of Saskatchewan
Calcium and vitamin D status in the adolescent: key roles for bone, body weight, glucose tolerance, and estrogen biosynthesis
Case Western Reserve University and MetroHealth Medical Center
Sleep/wake calcium dynamics, respiratory function, and ROS production in cardiac mitochondria
University of California, San Diego
There are 656734 studies on CALCIUM and counting. | Kuimarisha mifupa na kudumisha nguvu: Kuimarisha misuli, kuboresha afya ya moyo na mfumo wa damu, na kuongeza nguvu ya mifupa na misuli. Pia husaidia kutolewa kwa melatonini, ambayo yaweza kusababisha na kudumisha hali nzuri ya usingizi. Sisi msingi uchaguzi wetu wa virutubisho ni kujumuisha katika formula yetu juu ya mwili kuongezeka ya utafiti uliofanywa na mashirika ya kifahari. Kati ya maelfu ya masomo ya kliniki ambayo huongoza mchakato wetu wa kuchagua virutubisho, majina ya chini yanaonekana kuwa na ushawishi mkubwa. Ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa kisukari (CVD) ni ugonjwa wa magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa ya magonjwa. | <urn:uuid:95348f74-6f39-462e-967f-6f8793b52acc> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.nubest.com/fr-ae/blogs/ingredients/calcium | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
FOOD AS A MEDICINE OF YESTERDAY AND TODAY.
It is historically proven that many evolved ancient civilizations such as Egyptians, Chinese and Sumerians, just to mention few, were accustomed to use food to care and prevent illnesses. Ayurveda, the Indian traditional medicine had been mentioning food as a therapy for more than five thousand years. Historical documents testify how food benefits have healed humans for thousand years. Even Hippocrates, worldwide considered as the “father” of the western medicine, was saying «Let your food be your medicine, and your medicine be your food». Until some decades ago, the food science was limiting itself to analyze the nutritional value of the food. Nowadays, new scientific researches have led to a bigger acknowledgement of the relationship between food and health by establishing what are the components with therapeutic properties.
THE PRINCE OF FOOD STUFF.
Scientific researchers unanimously agreed on the benefits of the Mediterranean Diet because it’s well balanced and rich in beneficial substances such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins and mineral salts. There are a lot of food types in this diet, but extra virgin olive oil is the most important for sure because it’s naturally rich in good fatty acids and polyphenols. These latter are necessary to keep the body under good health conditions through their antioxidant properties that protect the body from the free radical damages.
OXIDATION DAMAGES CELLS.
Our body is constantly bombarded by free radicals existing in the environment: sun aggressive ultra-violets, ionizing radiation from the industry, passive or active smoking, automobile pollutions, etc. For example, upon breathing, we inhalate free radicals in the form of pollution. The cells in our body are then possibly damaged and could die by such chemical reactions. As a matter of fact, the free radicals can cause all sorts of deadly diseases such as cancer, leukemia, diabetes, kidney problems, liver problems, skin problems, etc. Needless to say, free radicals also speed up the aging process. This process is comparable to the metal oxidation. Once oxidized, aluminum turns to be white, iron becomes rusty, and copper transforms into green.
In the same logic that oxidation damages metals, free radicals are also harmful to your body. Of course, free radicals do not only come from the environment, they can also be produced by our body’s metabolism as a result of our diets. We need to take proactive actions to protect your body from free radicals. The solution to this problem are antioxidants commonly called polyphenols. OLIVIE has a high content of polyphenols that will help increase the body’s defense system. These antioxidants can neutralize and prevent free radical from damaging your body.
HYDROXYTYROSOL, THE KING OF ANTIOXIDANTS.
There are many plants that contain healthily substances and are rich in polyphenols (fruit, vegetable, pulses, nuts, mushrooms, herbs, spices, etc.), but the olive fruit is the only vegetal organism that contains the highest range of bioactive polyphenols among which Oleuropein, Oleocanthal, Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol. This latter polyphenol is important for its powerful antioxidant properties and its highest bioavailability as the most updated scientific research shows. Its antioxidant power consists in neutralising the oxidative effect of the free radicals and avoiding the conditions that may cause diseases. This power is measured by the ORAC test (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) and it’s equal to 40’000 μmolTE/g for hydroxytyrosol, the highest among any other existing polyphenol.
THE NATURAL MIRACLE OF THE DESERT OLIVE TREES.
The polyphenol quantity and in particular the quantity of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol mainly depends on the growing conditions of the trees and in the way oil is extracted from its precious fruit, the olive. As everybody knows, an olive tree is like a vineyard, it needs to suffer to produce the best of itself. Because of the hot environment (up to 127 °F in summer), because of the the rocky soil where the roots cannot develop easily and due to the lack of water, the olive trees are so stressed that a phenomenon of panic (survival instinct) occurs. The survival instinct results in a huge increase in the polyphenols production inside olives, roots, buds, baby leaves and leaves. This abnormally high production of antioxidants is due to the phenomenon of self-defense. The olive oil produced from these stressed trees has a very high amount of hydroxytyrosol polyphenols. It also contains a good amount of tyrosol, oleuropein, flavonoids, vanillic acids, and caffeic acids which are different types of polyphenols. According to the international laboratory method “Folin Ciocalteu”, a normal conventional extra virgin olive oil has an average content of hydroxytyrosol of: 7 mg/Kg. Our organic extra virgin olive oil OLIVIE Plus 30X has its hydroxytyrosol content of 233 mg/Kg which is 30 times higher! The total polyphenols amount is also very high: 1250 mg/Kg compared to a normal extra virgin olive oil: on average 253 mg/Kg. This unique feature of such richness in active principles comes from our olive trees planted in this rocky desert. These organically cultivated desert olive trees gave birth to our exclusive line OLIVIE.
EFFECTS OF POLYPHENOLS RICH OLIVE TREE POWDER ON INFLAMMATION AND PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
Clinical trials demonstrate for the first time the potential therapeutic effect of olive tree extracts high in polyphenols against inflammation and associated pain for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). For more information click here.
STRONG ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POWER FOR JOINTS AND PAIN KILLER.
Our capsules have shown great anti-inflammatory properties, about 20% higher than duclofenac and indometacine. Without any side effects, and unlike chemical drugs (leading to stomach pain), the patient can take them everyday! This is proven by a detailed clinical study published in a famous American Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research.
“OLIVE OIL COMPOUND KILLS CANCER CELLS IN LESS THAN AN HOUR: ALL-POWERFUL OLEOCANTHAL”.
A recent and authoritative scientific research carried out by Rutgers University and Hunter College in the USA demonstrates the effectiveness of the oleocanthal molecules. Olivie Plus 30X contains more oleocanthal than others extra virgin olive oils. For more information click here. | Chakula Kama Dawa ya Nyakati za Kale na za Kisasa "Historia imethibitisha kwamba ustaarabu wa kale kama vile Misri, China na Sumer, kwa kutaja chache tu, walikuwa na desturi ya kutumia chakula ""kuangalia na kuzuia magonjwa.""" Ayurveda, dawa ya jadi ya India, imekuwa ikitaja chakula kama tiba kwa zaidi ya miaka elfu tano. Hati za kihistoria zinathibitisha jinsi faida za chakula zimeponya wanadamu kwa maelfu ya miaka. Hata Hippocrates, anayehesabiwa ulimwenguni pote kuwa "baba" wa dawa ya magharibi, alikuwa akisema "Acha chakula chako kiwe dawa yako, na dawa yako iwe chakula chako". Hadi miongo michache iliyopita, sayansi ya chakula ilikuwa ikijizuia kuchanganua thamani ya lishe ya chakula. Katika siku hizi, utafiti mpya wa kisayansi umesababisha utambuzi mkubwa wa uhusiano kati ya chakula na afya kwa kuanzisha ni vipengele gani vinavyo na mali ya matibabu. Prince of Food Stuff Watafiti wa kisayansi walikubaliana kwa umoja juu ya faida za Lishe ya Mediterania kwa sababu ni sawa na tajiri katika vitu vyenye faida kama vile wanga, lipids, protini, maji, vitamini na chumvi za madini. Kuna aina nyingi za chakula katika lishe hii, lakini mafuta ya mzeituni ya bikira wa ziada ni muhimu zaidi kwa hakika kwa sababu ni asili tajiri katika asidi nzuri za mafuta na polyphenols. Hizi ni muhimu kwa kudumisha mwili katika hali nzuri ya afya kupitia mali zao za antioxidant ambazo zinalinda mwili kutoka kwa uharibifu wa free radical. Oksidation huathiri seli. Mwili wetu unashambuliwa daima na free radicals zilizopo katika mazingira: jua-aggressive ultraviolet, ionizing mionzi kutoka sekta, passive au active kuvuta sigara, uchafuzi wa magari, na kadhalika. Kwa mfano, tunapopumua, tunaingiza madini yenye nguvu katika umbo la uchafuzi. Kisha chembe za mwili wetu huenda zikaharibiwa na kufa kwa sababu ya athari hizo za kemikali. Radikali huru zinaweza kusababisha magonjwa mengi kama vile kansa, leukemia, kisukari, matatizo ya figo, matatizo ya ini, matatizo ya ngozi, na mengineyo. Bila shaka, madini yenye nguvu huongeza kasi ya kuzeeka. Utaratibu huu ni sawa na oxidation chuma. Baada ya kuharibiwa na oksidi, alumini inakuwa nyeupe, chuma kinakuwa na kutu, na shaba inabadilika kuwa kijani. Kama vile oksijeni inavyoweza kuharibu madini, hivyo ndivyo madini yenye nguvu yanavyoweza kuharibu mwili. Radikali huru hazitoki tu kutoka kwa mazingira, lakini pia zinaweza kutokezwa na kimetaboliki ya mwili wetu kama matokeo ya lishe yetu. Kwa hivyo, unapaswa kuchukua hatua za haraka ili kulinda mwili wako dhidi ya free radicals. Suluhisho la tatizo hilo ni viuavijasumu vinavyoitwa polyphenols. Olive ina polyphenols nyingi ambazo huongeza nguvu za mwili. Vitu hivyo vinaweza kuzuia na kuondoa athari za free radicals kwenye mwili wako. HYDROXYTYROSOL, Mfalme wa Vipengele vya Kuua Oksijeni. Mimea mingi ina vitu vyenye afya na ni tajiri katika polyphenols (matunda, mboga, mboga, karanga, uyoga, mimea, viungo, nk). Mazao ya mizeituni ni mojawapo ya mimea yenye polyphenols nyingi zaidi, ikiwa ni pamoja na oleuropein, oleocanthal, tyrosol na hydroxytyrosol. Polyphenols hii ni muhimu kwa sababu ya antioxidant yake nguvu na bioavailability yake ya juu kama utafiti wa kisayansi zaidi updated inaonyesha. Nguvu yake ya antioxidant ni katika neutralizing athari oxidative ya free radicals na kuepuka hali ambayo inaweza kusababisha magonjwa. Uwezo huu hupimwa na ORAC (Uwezo wa Uvujaji wa Radical ya Oksijeni) na ni sawa na 40 <mmolTg kwa hydroxytyrosol, ya juu zaidi kati ya polyphenols nyingine yoyote iliyopo. MUNGU ANAFANYA KWELI MIMI YA MZEWANO KATIKA Jangwa Kiasi cha polyphenols, hasa hydroxytyrosol na tyrosol, inategemea hali ya ukuaji wa miti na jinsi mafuta hutolewa kutoka kwa matunda yake ya thamani, mizeituni. "Mtu yeyote anaweza kusema, ""Mti wa zeituni ni kama shamba la mizabibu, unahitaji kuteseka ili uzalishe matunda mazuri.""" Kwa sababu ya hali ya joto (hadi 127 ° F wakati wa majira ya joto), kwa sababu ya udongo wenye miamba ambapo mizizi haiwezi kuendeleza kwa urahisi, na kwa sababu ya ukosefu wa maji, miti ya zeituni ni hivyo alisisitiza kwamba jambo la hofu (kichocheo cha kuishi) hutokea. Kwa sababu ya msukumo wa kuishi, kuna ongezeko kubwa la polyphenols ndani ya mizeituni, mizizi, buds, majani ya watoto na majani. Uzalishaji huu wa juu sana wa vioksidishaji unatokana na hali ya kujilinda. Mafuta ya zeituni yanayotokezwa kutokana na miti hii yenye mkazo yana kiasi kikubwa sana cha hydroxytyrosol polyphenols. Pia ina kiasi kizuri cha tyrosol, oleuropein, flavonoids, asidi ya vanillic, na asidi ya caffeic ambayo ni aina tofauti za polyphenols. Kwa mujibu wa mbinu ya maabara ya kimataifa <unk>Folin Ciocalteu<unk>, mafuta ya kawaida ya mzeituni ya kawaida ya extra virgin ina wastani wa hydroxytyrosol ya: 7 mg / kg. Mafuta ya mizeituni ya asili ya OLIVIE Plus 30X ina kiwango cha hydroxytyrosol cha 233 mg kwa kilo, ambayo ni mara 30 ya juu. Kwa mfano, kiasi cha polyphenols katika mafuta ya mzeituni ni 1250 mg kwa kilo, na kiasi cha mafuta ya mzeituni ya kawaida ni 253 mg kwa kilo. Sifa hii ya kipekee ya utajiri kama huo katika misingi ya kazi inatokana na miti yetu ya zeituni iliyopandwa katika jangwa hili lenye miamba. Miti hii ya mizeituni ya jangwa iliyokuzwa kwa njia ya kikaboni ilizaa mstari wetu wa kipekee wa OLIVIE. Mazao ya Polyphenols Rich Olive Tree Powder juu ya Uvimbe na Maumivu Katika Wagonjwa Wanaougua Arthritis ya Rheumatoid Majaribio ya kliniki yanaonyesha kwa mara ya kwanza athari ya matibabu ya mti wa mizeituni wenye polyphenols juu ya uvimbe na maumivu yanayohusiana na rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Kwa habari zaidi bonyeza hapa. Nguvu ya nguvu ya kupambana na uvimbe kwa viungo na maumivu. Kwa kweli, dawa hii ina uwezo wa kupunguza uvimbe wa mishipa ya damu, na ina uwezo wa kupunguza uvimbe wa mishipa ya damu zaidi ya 20% kuliko dawa za duclofenac na indomethacin. Bila athari zozote za upande, na tofauti na dawa za kemikali (zinazosababisha maumivu ya tumbo), mgonjwa aweza kuzitumia kila siku! Utafiti huo ulifanywa na utafiti wa kliniki uliochapishwa katika jarida maarufu la Marekani la Biological and Pharmaceutical Research. <unk>Uchanganyiko wa Mafuta ya Mzeituni Huua Chembe za Kansa Katika Muda Usiopungua Saa Moja: Oleocanthal yenye Nguvu Zote<unk>. Utafiti wa hivi karibuni na wenye mamlaka uliofanywa na Chuo Kikuu cha Rutgers na Chuo Kikuu cha Hunter huko USA unaonyesha ufanisi wa molekuli za oleocanthal. Oliva Plus 30X ina oleocanthal zaidi kuliko mafuta mengine ya mzeituni ya bikira. Kwa habari zaidi bonyeza hapa. | <urn:uuid:5d663b7d-d8f6-4a58-a549-e0dbffe142d6> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.olivie.ma/en/oilhealth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
In 1993 Western Digital brought EIDE (Enhanced IDE) onto the market. EIDE is a standard designed to overcome the constraints of ATA while at the same time maintaining backward compatibility. EIDE supports faster data transfer rates – with Fast ATA capable of burst rates up to a 16.6 MBps – and higher disk capacities, up to 137GB since mid-1998, when the previous 8.4GB limit was raised.
The four possible devices on an EIDE system are handled by two channels. Each channel supports two devices in a master/slave configuration. The primary port is generally connected to a local bus (for example, PCI), and this is set to the same address and IRQ setting as it was on the standard IDE system. This ensures backward compatibility with IDE systems and prevents conflicts which would otherwise crop up with operating system software, or other software which communicates with an IDE device. The old IDE system must be set up to cope with the enhancements in EIDE (higher performance and increased hard disk capacity) and this is enabled by additional software.
When the host needs data to be either read or written, the operating system first determines where the data is located on the hard drive – the head number, cylinder, and sector identification. The operating system then passes the command and address information to the disk controller, which positions the read/write heads over the right track. As the disk rotates, the appropriate head reads the address of each sector on the track. When the desired sector appears under the read/write head, the necessary data is read into the cache buffer, usually in 4K blocks. Finally, the hard drive interface chip sends the data to the host.
The ability to support non-disk peripherals such as CD-ROM drives and tape drives was made possible by the ATAPI (AT Attachment Packet Interface) specification, defined by Western Digital. The ATAPI extension of the ATA protocol defines a single command set and single register set allowing other devices to share the ATA bus with traditional ATA HDDs. It includes several commands which are specific to CD-ROM devices, including the Read CD command group as well as a CD speed-select command.
In addition to ATAPI, EIDE supports transfer standards developed by the ATA Committee. The Programmed Input/Output (PIO) modes are a range of protocols for a drive and IDE controller to exchange data at different rates which define specifications for the CPU’s involvement in data transfer between the hard drive and memory. Many drives also support Direct Memory Access (DMA) operation as an alternative protocol to PIO modes. This is where the drive takes over the bus (bus mastering) and transfers data directly to system memory. This is better for multitasking PCs as the CPU can do other things while data transfer occurs, although its only in systems using Triton HX/VX or later chipsets that the CPU can use the memory or ISA buses while the PCI bus is in use. An OS device driver is needed for DMA, and a system’s BIOS must also support these specifications to take advantage of them.
The hard drive industry subsequently adopted a number of approaches to enhance performance further. The first was to enlarge drive capacity. This was accomplished by making the tracks on the disk closer together (track density) and the data written on each track more dense (linear density). By making more data available during each rotation internal data transfer rates were effectively increased. There then followed number of vendor-specific measures to improve data transfer rates further, such as producing higher rpm drives, or modifying the cache buffer algorithms. The ultimate step was to modify the ATA/IDE protocol itself.
The original ATA specification was for connecting drives to the ISA bus and host transfers were limited to 2-3 MBps. The newer ATA-2 or Fast ATA interface connect to a local bus instead and the higher bandwidths available on local bus architectures meant massively improved data throughput. Since systems and drive vendors are allowed to label their products as EIDE even when supporting only a subset of its specifications, several vendors use the term Fast ATA (AT Attachment) for their EIDE hard drives that support PIO Mode 3 and Multiword Mode 1 DMA, and Fast ATA-2 for drives that support PIO Mode 4 and Multiword Mode 2 DMA.
- What Is The System Bus?
- ISA Bus – Industry Standard Architecture
- Local Bus Interfaces
- PCI Bus Interfaces
- What is AGP and AGP Pro?
- Internal Interfaces Summary
- PCI-X Interfaces
- PCI Express Interfaces
- IDE Interfaces
- EIDE Interfaces
- Hard Disks – What IS ATA and Ultra ATA?
- Serial ATA (SATA) interface guide
- SCSI Explained – With Pictures
- SCSI Interface Evolution
- Fibre Channel Interfaces
- Hard Disks – What is Serial Storage Architecture?
- I/O Interface Standards
- How It Works: The Idea and Technology Behind USB
- IEEE 1394 Interfaces
- USB 2.0 Intefaces
- FireWire 800 Interfaces | Mwaka 1993, Western Digital ilianzisha EIDE (Enhanced IDE). EIDI ni kiwango iliyoundwa kushinda vikwazo vya ATA wakati wakati huo huo kudumisha backward compatibility. EIDI inasaidia kasi ya uhamisho wa data - na ATA ya haraka inayoweza kufikia kasi ya burst hadi 16.6 MBps - na uwezo wa diski ya juu, hadi 137GB tangu katikati ya 1998, wakati kikomo cha awali cha 8.4GB kiliongezwa. Vifaa vinne vinavyowezekana kwenye mfumo wa EIDE vinashughulikiwa na njia mbili. Kila kituo inasaidia vifaa viwili katika bwana / mtumwa Configuration. Kwa kawaida, bandari ya msingi imeunganishwa na basi la ndani (kwa mfano, PCI), na hii imewekwa kwa anwani sawa na kuweka IRQ kama ilivyokuwa kwenye mfumo wa kawaida wa IDE. Hii inahakikisha backward compatibility na mifumo ya IDE na kuzuia migogoro ambayo ingekuwa vinginevyo crop up na programu ya mfumo wa uendeshaji, au programu nyingine ambayo anawasiliana na kifaa IDE. Mfumo wa zamani wa IDE lazima uandaliwe ili kukabiliana na maboresho katika EIDE (utendaji wa juu na uwezo wa diski ngumu iliyoongezeka) na hii inawezeshwa na programu ya ziada. Wakati mwenyeji anahitaji data kuwa ama kusoma au kuandika, mfumo wa uendeshaji kwanza huamua ambapo data iko juu ya diski ngumu <unk> nambari ya kichwa, silinda, na kitambulisho cha sekta. Mfumo wa uendeshaji kisha hupitisha amri na anwani ya habari kwa diski controller, ambayo nafasi kusoma / kuandika vichwa juu ya kufuatilia haki. Diski inapozunguka, kichwa kinachofaa husoma anwani ya kila sehemu ya reli. Wakati sekta inayotakiwa inaonekana chini ya kichwa kusoma-kuandika, data muhimu ni kusoma katika buffer cache, kwa kawaida katika 4K vitalu. Hatimaye, hard drive interface chip hutuma data kwa mwenyeji. Uwezo wa kusaidia vifaa visivyo vya diski kama vile CD-ROM na diski za mkanda ulifanywa iwezekanavyo na ATAPI (AT Attachment Packet Interface) maalum, iliyofafanuliwa na Western Digital. ATA ni kifungu cha ATA ambacho kinajumuisha seti moja ya amri na seti moja ya usajili, na inaruhusu vifaa vingine kushiriki bus ya ATA na ATA ya jadi. Ni pamoja na amri kadhaa ambayo ni maalum kwa vifaa CD-ROM, ikiwa ni pamoja na kusoma CD kundi amri kama vile CD kasi-chagua amri. Pamoja na ATAPI, EIDE inasaidia viwango vya uhamisho vilivyotengenezwa na Kamati ya ATA. Programu ya Input-Output (PIO) ni aina ya itifaki kwa ajili ya gari na IDE controller kubadilishana data kwa viwango tofauti ambayo kufafanua vipimo kwa ajili ya CPU ya ushiriki katika uhamisho wa data kati ya diski ngumu na kumbukumbu. Wengi madereva pia kusaidia Direct Memory Access (DMA) operesheni kama itifaki mbadala kwa PIO modes. Hii ni ambapo gari inachukua juu ya basi (basi mastering) na uhamisho wa data moja kwa moja kwa kumbukumbu ya mfumo. Hii ni bora kwa ajili ya PCs multitasking kama CPU inaweza kufanya mambo mengine wakati uhamisho wa data hutokea, ingawa ni tu katika mifumo ya kutumia Triton HX au baadaye chipsets kwamba CPU inaweza kutumia kumbukumbu au ISA mabasi wakati PCI bus ni katika matumizi. DMA inahitaji kifaa cha OS cha kuendesha gari, na BIOS ya mfumo lazima pia iunge mkono vipimo hivi ili kuitumia. Sekta ya diski ngumu baadaye ilipitisha mbinu kadhaa za kuboresha utendaji zaidi. Jambo la kwanza lilikuwa kuongeza uwezo wa kuendesha gari. Hii ilifanywa kwa kufanya nyimbo kwenye diski karibu pamoja (wingi wa nyimbo) na data iliyoandikwa kwenye kila wimbo zaidi dense (wingi linear). Kwa kufanya data zaidi inapatikana wakati wa kila mzunguko viwango vya uhamisho wa data ya ndani walikuwa ufanisi kuongezeka. Kisha ilifuata idadi ya hatua maalum za muuzaji ili kuboresha viwango vya uhamisho wa data zaidi, kama vile kuzalisha madereva ya juu ya rpm, au kurekebisha algorithms ya buffer ya cache. Hatua ya mwisho ilikuwa kurekebisha ATA / IDE itifaki yenyewe. ATA awali maalum ilikuwa kwa ajili ya kuunganisha drives kwa ISA bus na uhamisho mwenyeji walikuwa mdogo kwa 2-3 MBps. ATA-2 au Fast ATA interface ni njia ya kuunganisha na bus ya ndani, na bandwidth ya juu inapatikana kwenye usanifu wa basi ya ndani. "Kwa kuwa vifaa vya EIDV vinaweza kuonekana kama ""EIDV"" wakati wa kuunganisha, wengi wa wauzaji wa EIDV hutumia neno ""Fast ATA"" kwa ajili ya diski ngumu za EIDV zinazounga mkono PIO Mode 3 na Multi-Word Mode 2 na PIO Mode 4." - Basi la Mfumo ni nini? - ISA Bus <unk> Viwanda Standard Architecture - Interfaces Local Bus - PCI Bus Interfaces - Nini AGP na AGP Pro? - Interfaces ya ndani muhtasari - PCI-X Interfaces - PCI Express Interfaces - IDE Interfaces - EIDE Interfaces - Disks Hard Nini ATA na Ultra ATA? - Serial ATA (SATA) interface mwongozo - SCSI Alieleza <unk> Pamoja na Picha <unk> SCSI Interface Evolution <unk> Fibre Channel Interfaces <unk> Disks Hard <unk> Nini Serial Storage Architecture? IATA Interface Standards: Jinsi Inavyofanya Kazi: Wazo na Teknolojia Nyuma ya USB - IEEE 1394 Interfaces - Interfaces za USB 2.0 - Interfaces za FireWire 800 | <urn:uuid:b23e731b-0650-4658-bba3-95fdabaac03a> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.pctechguide.com/interfaces/eide-interfaces | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Discover the transformative power of a beautiful smile.
Steps of FIllings procedure
The dentist numbs the area around the tooth, removes the decayed portion, and shapes the cavity to create a suitable space for the filling material.
The filling material is placed into the cavity, either packed for amalgam fillings or applied in layers for composite or ceramic fillings.
Finalizing and Polishing
The dentist checks the bite, makes adjustments, polishes the filling for a natural appearance, and provides instructions on post-treatment care. | Jifunze kuhusu nguvu za tabasamu nzuri. Msaada wa fillings: Daktari wa meno huondoa sehemu iliyoharibika, na kuunda nafasi inayofaa kwa ajili ya kujaza. Vifaa vya kujaza huwekwa ndani ya shimo, ama vimewekwa kwa ajili ya kujaza amalgam au kutumika katika tabaka kwa ajili ya kujaza composite au kauri. Daktari wa meno huangalia mdomo, hufanya marekebisho, hupaka rangi ili umbo lake liwe la kawaida, na kutoa maagizo kuhusu utunzaji wa baada ya matibabu. | <urn:uuid:0c5c5c2e-d1d0-49fc-86b9-8a81dcf3a509> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.pearldentalla.com/locations/el-segundo/dental-fillings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
If citing, please kindly acknowledge copyright © Penelope J. Corfield (2022)
Joseph Grimaldi (1778-1837) in full clown costume,
Well, here is an unusual Georgian celebration but a congenial one. As part of the professionalization of many industrial and service occupations,1 the ancient trade of clowning in the eighteenth century came into its own. With population and urban growth, the number of theatres and circuses across Britain also multiplied. They provided evening and holiday entertainments for populations without TVs and radios, let alone without mobile phones and social media.
One who made his name as dancer, actor, comedian and all-round entertainer was Joseph Grimaldi.2 In 1778, he was born in London into an acting family, of Italian ancestry. He began performing as a child. And he threw himself into his roles with great physical energy, getting a number of injuries which took their toll in his later years.
The part that he made especially his own was the clown in the English Harlequinade, which was a theatrical burlesque upon the story of Harlequin and Columbine. Grimaldi was so successful and popular that other clowns were named after him as ‘Joey’. His trademark ‘whiteface’ also became much copied by his fellow artistes.
Grimaldi had the confidence, above all, to develop the art of comic interaction with his audiences. One of his famous catch-phrases was: ‘Well, here we are again’. Remarks of that sort indicated to his audiences that it was ok to sit back and be amused. Backchat augmented the collective sense of community and familiarity. It did not free the clown from the obligation to be funny. But it helped by getting audiences into a good mood – and into a state of expectation. Grimaldi’s clown mask and costume thus gave him a head start.
Nonetheless, there was a certain pressure in performing regularly and being always expected to provoke laughter. Grimaldi, who constantly played the London theatres and also toured extensively, was caught in an all-consuming professional role, calling upon both intense physical agility and a keen sense of social satire. He fused traditional slapstick with an urban knowingness and irreverence. It was a demanding combination; and it was not surprising that, from time to time, Grimaldi fell out with theatre producers – and eventually with his own family. He retired from the stage, reluctantly, in 1823 (in his mid-forties), although he returned for occasional benefit performances. In his last years, he was often depressed, physically ailing, and short of money.
Yet Grimaldi on stage epitomised the joy of unbridled laughter. He became the ‘quintessential’ clown. A sort of secular patron-saint of the role. By the mid-nineteenth century, his comic qualities had become almost proverbial. Oldsters would shake their heads and say: ‘Ah! You should have seen Grimaldi!’
Professional clowns who followed in his footsteps were glad to have such a sparkling role model. In Islington, a small park bearing his name is located just off the Pentonville Road. It lies in the former burial grounds of an Anglican Chapel, where Grimaldi is buried. A new public artwork there is dedicated to him and to Charles Dibdin (1768-1833), the dramatist and theatrical proprietor.
Moreover – and here is the February link – on the first Sunday in February each year an Annual Clowns Service is held in Holy Trinity Church, Hackney, East London. The event has been held annually since the mid-1940s. And it is attended by hundreds of clowns, all in full costume.
What a tribute to the power of memory, to the joy of shared laughter, and to the impact of a pioneering life. Today, there are many brilliant comedians – on stages, in circuses, in print, and on all forms of social media. All praiseworthy, some truly hilarious! ‘Ah! [but] you should have seen Grimaldi!’
1 For context, see P.J. Corfield, Power and the Professions in Britain, 1700-1850 (1995).
2 H.D. Miles, The Life of Joseph Grimaldi, With Anecdotes of his Contemporaries (1838; and later reprints); A.M. Stott, The Pantomime Life of Joseph Grimaldi: Laughter, Madness and the Story of Britain’s Greatest Comedian (Edinburgh, 2010).
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To download Monthly Blog 134 please click here | "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya kwanza ya jarida la ""Penelope J. Corfield"" (pichani) Joseph Grimaldi (1778-1837), ""Hii ni sherehe ya kijerusi isiyo ya kawaida lakini ya kawaida.""" Kama sehemu ya ufundi wa viwanda na huduma nyingi, biashara ya kale ya clowning katika karne ya kumi na nane ilikuja. Kadiri idadi ya watu ilivyokua na miji iliongezeka, ndivyo idadi ya majumba ya maonyesho na maonyesho ya sarakasi ilivyokua pia. Walitengeneza burudani za jioni na za likizo kwa watu wasio na televisheni na redio, na hata wasio na simu za mkononi na mitandao ya kijamii. Mmoja wa watu waliojulikana sana kama mchezaji wa dansi, mwigizaji, mchekeshaji na mchekeshaji wa kila aina alikuwa Joseph Grimaldi, ambaye alizaliwa London mwaka 1778 katika familia ya waigizaji wa asili ya Italia. Alianza kufanya maonyesho akiwa mtoto. Na alijitupa katika majukumu yake na nishati kubwa ya kimwili, kupata idadi ya majeraha ambayo alichukua toll yao katika miaka yake ya baadaye. "Hata hivyo, kwa sababu ya kuvutia kwa ajili ya kuigiza, alicheza sehemu ya ""The English Harlequin,"" ambayo ni burlesque ya kuigiza ya hadithi ya Harlequin na Columbine." Grimaldi alikuwa na mafanikio na maarufu sana hivi kwamba wachekeshaji wengine walipewa jina lake kama <unk>Joey<unk>. Alama yake ya biashara "whiteface" pia ilirekodiwa sana na wasanii wenzake. Grimaldi alikuwa na uhakika, juu ya yote, kuendeleza sanaa ya comic mwingiliano na watazamaji wake. Moja ya misemo yake maarufu ilikuwa: <unk>Naam, hapa sisi ni tena<unk>. Maelezo ya aina hiyo yaliwaonyesha wasikilizaji wake kwamba ilikuwa sawa kuketi na kufurahishwa. Mazungumzo ya nyuma yaliongeza hisia ya pamoja ya jumuiya na ukoo. Haikumweka mcheshi huru kutoka kwa wajibu wa kuwa mcheshi. Lakini ilisaidia kwa kupata watazamaji katika hali nzuri <unk> na katika hali ya matarajio. Kwa hiyo, Grimaldi alikuwa na nafasi ya kuanza kwa kutumia kinyago na mavazi yake ya mcheshi. Hata hivyo, kulikuwa na mkazo fulani wa kufanya maonyesho kwa ukawaida na kutarajiwa sikuzote kusababisha kicheko. Grimaldi, ambaye mara kwa mara alicheza katika majumba ya maonyesho ya London na pia alitembelea sana, alikamatwa katika jukumu la kitaaluma la kila kitu, akitoa wito kwa wote wawili nguvu ya kimwili na hisia kali ya ucheshi wa kijamii. Alijumuisha ucheshi wa kitamaduni na ujuzi wa mijini na kutoheshimu. Ilikuwa mchanganyiko wa kudai; na haishangazi kwamba, mara kwa mara, Grimaldi alianguka nje na wazalishaji wa ukumbi wa michezo <unk> na hatimaye na familia yake mwenyewe. Alijiuzulu kutoka kwenye jukwaa, kwa kusita, mnamo 1823 (katika miaka yake ya arobaini), ingawa alirudi kwa maonyesho ya faida ya mara kwa mara. Katika miaka yake ya mwisho, mara nyingi alikuwa ameshuka moyo, alikuwa mgonjwa kimwili, na hakuwa na pesa. Hata hivyo Grimaldi kwenye jukwaa aliwakilisha shangwe ya kicheko kisicho na kikomo. Akawa mcheshi "muhimu". Aina ya mlinzi-mtakatifu wa kilimwengu wa jukumu hilo. Kufikia katikati ya karne ya kumi na tisa, sifa zake za kuchekesha zilikuwa zimekuwa za kawaida. Wazee wangetetemesha vichwa vyao na kusema: 'Ah! Unapaswa kuwa umeona Grimaldi! <unk> Wachezaji wa michezo wa kitaalamu waliomfuata katika nyayo zake walifurahi kuwa na mfano mzuri kama huo. Huko Islington, bustani ndogo inayoitwa kwa jina lake iko karibu na Barabara ya Pentonville. Iko katika makaburi ya zamani ya Kanisa la Anglikana, ambako Grimaldi amezikwa. Katika maonyesho hayo, alishirikiana na Charles Dibdin (1768-1833) ambaye alikuwa mwandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza. Zaidi ya hayo <unk> na hapa ni kiungo Februari <unk> Jumapili ya kwanza katika Februari kila mwaka Huduma ya Clowns ya kila mwaka hufanyika katika Kanisa la Utatu Mtakatifu, Hackney, Mashariki mwa London. Tukio hilo limekuwa likifanyika kila mwaka tangu katikati ya miaka ya 1940. Na inahudhuriwa na mamia ya wachekeshaji, wote wakiwa wamevalia mavazi kamili. Ni heshima kubwa kwa nguvu ya kumbukumbu, kwa furaha ya kucheka pamoja, na kwa athari ya maisha ya upainia. Leo, kuna waigizaji wengi wa vichekesho <unk> kwenye jukwaa, katika sarakasi, katika magazeti, na katika aina zote za vyombo vya habari vya kijamii. Yote ni yenye kustahili kusifiwa, na mengine ni yenye kuchekesha sana! ‘Ah! [lakini] unapaswa kuwa umeona Grimaldi! <unk> 1 Kwa muktadha, angalia P.J. Corfield, Nguvu na Kazi katika Uingereza, 1700-1850 (1995). 2 H.D. "Miles, ""The Life of Joseph Grimaldi, With Anecdotes of His Contemporaries"" (1838) na ""The Pantomime Life of Joseph Grimaldi: Laughter, Madness and the Story of Britain's Greatest Comedian"" (Edinburgh, 2010) ni vitabu vya kuigiza vya Kiingereza." Kwa maelezo zaidi, angalia Twitter, kwa maelezo zaidi, tafadhali bonyeza hapa, na kwa maelezo zaidi, angalia hapa. | <urn:uuid:21af373c-7e6f-4b42-bd18-41dc5d46a5ad> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.penelopejcorfield.com/tag/theatres/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Week 7 Beginning 22/02/21
We are looking forward to seeing you on Teams this week!
Come and join us for an adventure at the zoo.
Time away from technology and being active is important for your child.
You will need this phoneme frame from your Home Learning Pack.
Watch the presentations and complete the activities.
For additional phonic activities click on the pictures and follow the links to play the phonic games
PhonicsPlay have made their website available for free, using the following login details
username: jan21 password: home
Play the 'Make a Match' games to rehearse the phase 3 phonemes covered so far this term
th, ch, sh, ng, ar, oo(moon), oo(book), igh, ai, ee, ur, oi, oa
Click on the picture and try out some of the fun gross motor activities and games in the pink section, which support handwriting.
Watch the animations to see how to form the graphemes. Practice writing the graphemes. You could make it more fun by writing them on a larger scale with chalks outside, in a tray of dry sand, salt or shaving foam.
Click here to view more handwriting ideas.
Click on the pictures to listen to the focus stories for this week,
The activities below are based on the stories.
Complete the matching pdf activity below.
Understanding the World
Click on the links to watch Andy's Wild Adventures
Virtual Zoo Tours and Live Webcams
Take a look around a zoo. What animals can you see? Which one is your favourite? Why? Click on the Pictures below to see more.
Wednesday _Animals of the World_ The presentation has been split into different parts to upload
Make a zoo animal
Build a mini zoo | "Mwezi wa 7 ""Mwaka wa 22"" unaanza na ""Mwaka wa 21"" na ""Mwaka wa 21"" unaendelea na ""Mwaka wa 22"" na ""Mwaka wa 22"" na ""Mwaka wa 22"" na ""Mwaka wa 22"" na ""Mwaka wa 22"" na ""Mwaka wa 22.""" Njoo na kujiunga nasi kwa ajili ya adventure katika bustani ya wanyama. Wakati wa kutokuwa na teknolojia na kuwa hai ni muhimu kwa mtoto wako. Unahitaji fremu hii ya fonemu kutoka kwa Pakiti yako ya Kujifunza Nyumbani. Tazama maonyesho na ukamilishe shughuli. "Kama unavyoona, kuna aina ya mchezo wa ""Phonic Games"" ambayo ni rahisi sana kucheza na unaweza kuitumia kwa kutumia kifaa cha ""Make a Match"" (kucheza michezo ya ""Make a Match"" ili kujifunza phonemes za awamu ya 3) kama vile ""Make a Match"" (kucheza michezo ya ""Make a Match"" na ""Make a Match"") na ""Make a Match"" (kucheza michezo ya ""Make a Match"")." Angalia michoro ili kuona jinsi ya kuunda graphemes. Jizoeza kuandika graphemes. Unaweza kufanya hivyo kwa kuandika kwa kiwango kikubwa zaidi na chalk nje, katika tray ya mchanga kavu, chumvi au shaving foam. Bonyeza hapa ili kuona mawazo zaidi ya maandishi ya mkono. Bonyeza picha ili kusikiliza hadithi za wiki hii, shughuli zilizo hapa chini zinategemea hadithi. Kukamilisha mechi ya pdf shughuli chini. "Kuchunguza ""Kuchunguza ""Kuchunguza ""Kuchunguza ""Kuchunguza ""Kuchunguza ""Kuchunguza ""Kuchunguza ""Kuchunguza""" Ni wanyama gani unaoweza kuona? Ni ipi unayopenda zaidi? Kwa nini? Bonyeza picha zilizo hapa chini ili kuona zaidi. "Mwanzoni mwa wiki hii, ""Mwanzo wa Uhai"" ulijumuisha sehemu mbili za maandishi ya ""Mwanzo wa Uhai"" na ""Mwanzo wa Uhai"" na ""Mwanzo wa Uhai"" na ""Mwanzo wa Uhai"" na ""Mwanzo wa Uhai"" na ""Mwanzo wa Uhai"" na ""Mwanzo wa Uhai"" na ""Mwanzo wa Uhai.""" | <urn:uuid:53c54a7a-c403-4bfc-9df6-7d07d1cfbe64> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.peterbrookschool.com/week-7-beginning-220221/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Quarter of former Olympians suffer from osteoarthritis
One in four retired Olympians reported a diagnosis of osteoarthritis, the form of arthritis that causes changes in the joint and can lead to discomfort, pain and disability, the research found.
Elite retired sportspeople who had experienced a sports-related injury had a higher chance of knee and hip osteoarthritis when compared with the general population.
The athletes — who had competed at an Olympic level in 57 sports including athletics, rowing and skiing — also had an increased risk of lower back pain overall, and shoulder osteoarthritis after a shoulder injury.
Researchers hope the findings will help develop new approaches in injury prevention for the benefit of athletes now and in retirement.
The study — led by a University of Edinburgh based researcher — is the largest international survey of its kind, and the first to observe the consequences of osteoarthritis and pain in different joints from retired elite athletes across different summer and winter Olympic sports.
Researchers quizzed 3,357 retired Olympians aged around 45 on injuries and the health of their bones, joints, muscles and spine. They were also asked if they were currently experiencing joint pain, and if they had an osteoarthritis diagnosis.
For comparison, 1,735 people aged around 41 from the general population completed the same survey.
Researchers used statistical models to compare the prevalence of spine, upper limb and lower limb osteoarthritis and pain in retired Olympians with the general population.
The team considered factors that could influence the risk of pain and osteoarthritis such as injury, recurrent injury, age, sex and obesity.
They found that the knee, lumbar spine and shoulder were the most injury prone areas for Olympians. These were also among the most common locations for osteoarthritis and pain.
After a joint injury the Olympians were more likely to develop osteoarthritis than someone sustaining a similar injury in the general population, the research found
The sportspeople also had an increased risk of shoulder, knee, hip and ankle and upper and lower spine pain after injury, although this did not differ with the general population.
Dr Debbie Palmer, of the University of Edinburgh’s Moray House School of Education and Sport, said: “High performance sport is associated with an increased risk of sport-related injury and there is emerging evidence suggesting retired elite athletes have high rates of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
“This study provides new evidence for specific factors associated with pain and osteoarthritis in retired elite athletes across the knee, hip, ankle, lumbar and cervical spine, and shoulder, and identifies differences in their occurrence that are specific to Olympians.”
Researchers say the study may help people make decisions about recovery and rehabilitation from injuries in order to prevent recurrences, and to inform prevention strategies to reduce the risk and progression of pain and OA in retirement.
- Debbie Palmer, Dale Cooper, Jackie L Whittaker, Carolyn Emery, Mark E Batt, Lars Engebretsen, Patrick Schamasch, Malav Shroff, Torbjørn Soligard, Kathrin Steffen, Richard Budgett. Prevalence of and factors associated with osteoarthritis and pain in retired Olympians compared with the general population: part 1 – the lower limb. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2022; 56 (19): 1123 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104762
- Debbie Palmer, Dale Cooper, Jackie L Whittaker, Carolyn Emery, Mark E Batt, Lars Engebretsen, Patrick Schamasch, Malav Shroff, Torbjørn Soligard, Kathrin Steffen, Richard Budgett. Prevalence of and factors associated with osteoarthritis and pain in retired Olympians compared with the general population: part 2 – the spine and upper limb. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2022; 56 (19): 1132 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104978 | Mmoja kati ya wanariadha wanne wa Olimpiki waliostaafu amekuwa na ugonjwa wa osteoarthritis, ugonjwa unaosababisha maumivu na ulemavu. Wanariadha waliostaafu ambao walikuwa na majeraha ya michezo walikuwa na uwezekano mkubwa wa kupata ugonjwa wa arthritis ya goti na kiuno ikilinganishwa na idadi ya watu kwa ujumla. Wanariadha ambao walishindana katika michezo 57 ya Olimpiki, ikiwa ni pamoja na riadha, kupiga makasia na kuteleza kwenye theluji, pia walikuwa na hatari kubwa ya maumivu ya mgongo wa chini kwa ujumla, na osteoarthritis ya bega baada ya jeraha la bega. Watafiti wana matumaini kwamba matokeo hayo yatasaidia kuendeleza mbinu mpya za kuzuia majeraha kwa manufaa ya wanariadha sasa na baada ya kustaafu. Utafiti huo ulioongozwa na mtafiti wa Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh ni uchunguzi mkubwa zaidi wa kimataifa wa aina yake, na wa kwanza kuchunguza matokeo ya ugonjwa wa viungo na maumivu katika viungo tofauti kutoka kwa wanariadha wa juu waliostaafu katika michezo tofauti ya Olimpiki ya majira ya joto na majira ya baridi. Watafiti waliwahoji wachezaji 3,357 wa Olimpiki waliostaafu wenye umri wa miaka 45 na zaidi kuhusu majeraha na afya ya mifupa, viungo, misuli na uti wa mgongo. Pia waliulizwa ikiwa kwa sasa walikuwa wakipata maumivu ya viungo, na ikiwa walikuwa na utambuzi wa osteoarthritis. Kwa kulinganisha, watu 1,753 wenye umri wa miaka 41 kutoka kwa idadi ya watu kwa ujumla walijaza uchunguzi huo huo. Watafiti walitumia mifano ya takwimu kulinganisha kuenea kwa uti wa mgongo, viungo vya juu na viungo vya chini na maumivu katika Olimpiki waliostaafu na idadi ya watu kwa ujumla. Timu hiyo ilichunguza mambo ambayo yanaweza kuathiri hatari ya maumivu na osteoarthritis kama vile majeraha, majeraha ya mara kwa mara, umri, jinsia na unene. Waligundua kwamba goti, uti wa mgongo wa mgongo na bega ndizo sehemu zenye uwezekano mkubwa zaidi wa kujeruhiwa kwa wanariadha wa Olimpiki. Pia, sehemu hizo ndizo zilizokuwa na ugonjwa wa viungo na maumivu mengi zaidi. Baada ya kuumia kwa sehemu ya mgongo, wanariadha wa Olimpiki walikuwa na uwezekano mkubwa wa kupata ugonjwa wa osteoarthritis kuliko watu wengine ambao walikuwa na ugonjwa kama huo, na wataalamu wa michezo walikuwa na hatari ya kuongezeka kwa maumivu ya bega, goti, kiuno, mguu na mgongo baada ya kuumia, ingawa hii haikuwa tofauti na idadi ya watu. Daktari Debbie Palmer, wa Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh, alisema: "Mambo ya michezo ya utendaji wa hali ya juu yanahusishwa na hatari ya kuongezeka kwa majeraha yanayohusiana na michezo, na kuna ushahidi unaojitokeza unaoonyesha wanariadha wa juu waliostaafu wana viwango vya juu vya ugonjwa wa osteoarthritis baada ya majeraha." "Utafiti huu hutoa ushahidi mpya kwa sababu maalum zinazohusiana na maumivu na osteoarthritis katika wanariadha wa juu waliostaafu kwenye goti, kiuno, mguu, lumbar na uti wa mgongo wa shingo, na bega, na hutambua tofauti katika kutokea kwao ambazo ni maalum kwa wanariadha wa Olimpiki. ""Watafiti wanasema utafiti unaweza kusaidia watu kufanya maamuzi juu ya kupona na ukarabati kutoka kwa majeraha ili kuzuia kurudia, na kuarifu mikakati ya kuzuia kupunguza hatari na maendeleo ya maumivu na OA katika kustaafu." - Debbie Palmer, Dale Cooper, Jackie L Whittaker, Carolyn Emery, Mark E Batt, Lars Engebretsen, Patrick Schamasch, Malav Shroff, Torbjørn Soligard, Kathrin Steffen, Richard Budgett. Ugonjwa wa Osteoarthritis na maumivu katika Olimpiki waliostaafu ikilinganishwa na idadi ya watu kwa ujumla: sehemu ya 1 <> sehemu ya chini. "Jarida la Uingereza la Tiba ya Michezo, 2021; 56 (19): 1123 DOI: 10.1136-2021-10476 ""Debbie Palmer, Dale Cooper, Jackie L. Whittaker, Carolyn Emery, Mark E. Batt, Lars Engebretson, Patrick Schamasch, Malav Shroff, Torbjorn Solberg, Kathryn Steffen, Richard Budgett, na wengine wengi." Ugonjwa wa Osteoarthritis na maumivu katika Olimpiki waliostaafu ikilinganishwa na idadi ya watu kwa ujumla: sehemu ya 2 < p> uti wa mgongo na viungo vya juu. "Jarida la Uingereza la Tiba ya Michezo, ""Jarida la Uingereza la Tiba ya Michezo,"" ""Jarida la Uingereza la Tiba ya Michezo,"" ""Jarida la Uingereza la Tiba ya Michezo,"" ""Jarida la Uingereza la Tiba ya Michezo,"" ""Jarida la Uingereza la Michezo,"" ""Jarida la Uingereza la Michezo,"" ""Jarida la Uingereza la Michezo,"" ""Jarida la Uingereza.""" | <urn:uuid:bd19739c-090a-4c69-ad87-15fae86c3b65> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.pharmacyupdate.online/quarter-of-former-olympians-suffer-from-osteoarthritis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP have managed to embed enzymes in plastics without the enzymes losing their activity in the process. The potentials this creates are enormous.
Materials that clean themselves, have anti-mold surfaces or are even self-degrading are just a few examples of what will be possible if we manage to embed active enzymes into plastics. But for the enzyme-specific properties to be transferred to the materials, the enzymes must not suffer damage as they are embedded in the plastic. Scientists at Fraunhofer IAP have developed a solution to the problem as part of the “Biofunctionalization/Biologization of Polymer Materials BioPol” project. Since summer 2018, the project has been running in cooperation with BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg.
The research aims to produce biofunctionalized plastics on a production scale. Enzymes have been successfully embedded, both in terms of the enzymes themselves and the processing technique.
Plastics are processed at way over a hundred degrees Celsius. Enzymes, by contrast, cannot usually withstand these high temperatures. Seeking a way to stabilize the enzymes, the researchers use inorganic carriers. These carriers act as a kind of protection for the enzyme. As Dr. Ruben R. Rosencrantz, Head of the “Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco)Biotechnology” department at Fraunhofer IAP, explains: “We use inorganic particles, for example, which are highly porous. The enzymes bind to these carriers by embedding in the pores. Although this restricts the enzymes’ mobility, they remain active and are able to withstand much higher temperatures.”
Stabilized enzymes: not only at the plastic surface, but inside too: The researchers deliberately sought a way of applying the stabilized enzymes not only to the surface of the plastic, but of embedding them into the plastics directly. “Although far more difficult, this technique also prevents signs of wear on the material surface affecting the functionality of the plastics,” explains Thomas Büsse who heads the institute’s processing pilot plant for biopolymers in Schwarzheide.
In order to achieve an optimum material result in the downstream process, the stabilized enzymes have to be distributed as quickly as possible in the hot plastic melt to which they are added, without becoming exposed to excess force or elevated temperatures. A balancing act that tipped in Büsse’s favor: “We have developed a process that is suitable for both bioplastics and for the conventional petroleum-based plastics such as polyethylene. Our investigations also show that once embedded in the plastic, stabilized enzymes are able to withstand higher thermal loads than before. This makes the use of enzymes and all process steps considerably easier.”
Self-cleaning plastics are just the beginning : Until now, the researchers at Fraunhofer IAP have evaluated mainly proteases as their choice of enzyme. Proteases are able to break up other proteins. This lends the plastic functionalized by these proteases a self-cleaning effect. Pipes, for example, would not close up or clog as readily. But other enzymes are being systematically tested as well. The cooperation partners at BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg are focusing more closely at enzymes for degrading plastics and toxic substances, for example.
The first functionalized plastic granulates, films and injection molding bodies have already been produced. The researchers have established that the enzymes embedded in these products remain active. The next step now is to test and further optimize the process for everyday use in various applications.
Source: Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Researc | Watafiti wa Taasisi ya Fraunhofer ya Utafiti wa Polymer ya Matumizi (FAP) wamefanikiwa kuingiza enzymes katika plastiki bila enzymes kupoteza shughuli zao katika mchakato huo. Uwezekano unaotokezwa na jambo hilo ni mkubwa sana. Vifaa vinavyojisafisha, vina uso wa kupambana na kuvu au vinavyojiharibu wenyewe ni mifano michache tu ya kile kinachowezekana ikiwa tutaweza kuingiza enzymes hai kwenye plastiki. Lakini kwa ajili ya mali maalum ya enzyme kuhamishwa kwa vifaa, enzymes lazima si kuteseka uharibifu kama wao ni embedded katika plastiki. Wanasayansi wa Fraunhofer IAP wametengeneza suluhisho la tatizo hilo kama sehemu ya mradi wa "Biofunctionalization/Biologization of Polymer Materials BioPol". Tangu mwaka 2018, kampuni hiyo imekuwa ikifanya kazi na kampuni ya BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg. Utafiti huo unakusudia kutengeneza plastiki za biofunctionalized kwa kiwango cha uzalishaji. Enzymes zimeingizwa kwa mafanikio, wote katika suala la enzymes wenyewe na mbinu ya usindikaji. Plastiki hutengenezwa kwa joto la zaidi ya nyuzi mia moja. Kwa kutofautisha, kwa kawaida vimeng'enya haviwezi kuvumilia halijoto hizo za juu. Wakitafuta njia ya kudumisha enzymes, watafiti hutumia vyombo vya usafirishaji visivyo vya kikaboni. Vifaa hivyo huhifadhi enzi hiyo. Ruben Rosencrantz, mkuu wa idara ya vifaa vya biofunctionalized na (Glyco) biotechnology katika Fraunhofer IAP, anaelezea: "Tunatumia chembechembe zisizo za kikaboni, kwa mfano, ambazo ni porous sana. Enzyme huunganishwa na vyombo hivyo kwa kuingizwa katika pores. Ingawa hii hupunguza mwendo wa enzymes, bado zinafanya kazi na zinaweza kuvumilia joto la juu zaidi. Enzymes zilizowekwa: sio tu kwenye uso wa plastiki, lakini ndani pia: Watafiti walitafuta njia ya kutumia enzymes zilizowekwa sio tu kwenye uso wa plastiki, lakini kuziingiza moja kwa moja kwenye plastiki. "Hata ingawa ni ngumu zaidi, mbinu hii pia inazuia ishara za kuvaa kwenye uso wa nyenzo zinazoathiri utendaji wa plastiki", anaelezea Thomas Büsse ambaye anaongoza kiwanda cha majaribio cha taasisi ya usindikaji wa biopolymers huko Schwarzheide. Ili kufikia matokeo bora ya nyenzo katika mchakato wa chini, enzymes imara lazima kusambazwa haraka iwezekanavyo katika plastiki moto iliyoyeyushwa ambayo imeongezwa, bila kuathiriwa na nguvu ya ziada au joto la juu. Hatua ya kusawazisha ambayo ilibadilika kwa niaba ya Büsse: <unk>Tumeendeleza mchakato ambao unafaa kwa bioplastics na kwa plastiki za kawaida za mafuta kama vile polyethylene. Uchunguzi wetu pia unaonyesha kwamba mara moja iliyoingizwa katika plastiki, enzymes imara ni uwezo wa kuvumilia mzigo wa joto ya juu kuliko hapo awali. "Hii inafanya matumizi ya enzymes na hatua zote za mchakato rahisi sana. ""Plastiki za kujificha ni mwanzo tu: Hadi sasa, watafiti wa Fraunhofer IAP wamehesabu hasa proteases kama chaguo lao la enzyme." Proteasi zinaweza kuvunja protini nyingine. Hii inatoa plastiki functionalized na proteases hizi athari ya kujisafisha. Kwa mfano, mabomba hayangefungwa au kufungwa kwa urahisi. Lakini vimeng'enya vingine vinajaribiwa kwa utaratibu pia. Kampuni ya BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg imetoa utafiti wa kipekee kuhusu kemikali zinazohusika katika kuharibu plastiki na kemikali zenye sumu. Granulates ya kwanza ya plastiki, filamu na miili ya kuingiza tayari imetengenezwa. Watafiti wamegundua kwamba vimeng'enya vilivyo katika bidhaa hizo hubaki vikiwa hai. Hatua inayofuata sasa ni kupima na kuboresha mchakato kwa ajili ya matumizi ya kila siku katika maombi mbalimbali. Chanzo: Fraunhofer Taasisi ya Applied Polymer Research | <urn:uuid:b2c0acf6-aa8c-4997-ac32-235975cf0f79> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.plastemart.com/plastic-technical-articles/new-generation-advanced-bio-composites-from-bio-resins-and-natural-fibers/2408 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
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Five years ago, Toyota announced a $1 billion commitment to its Research Institute (TRI) and hired hundreds of engineers to work on forward-thinking robotics and AI-driven products, such as self-driving cars. This week, TRI gave journalists a chance to attend a virtual open-house (part of which you can watch in the video embedded below) to see what the labs have been building.
The bulk of the prototypes shown during the event are meant to help people out around their homes. The idea of a helper robot has been around for decades, but it has already begun to gain more real-world traction, especially in countries such as Japan where an aging population could cause shortages in support staff.
TRI’s primary home robot design is built to hang from a special set of tracks built into a home’s ceiling. We typically imagine robot butlers rolling or actually walking around our spaces (due at least in some part to the awful robot butler in Rocky IV), but TRI says mounting a bot on the ceiling brings considerable advantages.
First, the robot has a simpler time learning the layout of the home—it doesn’t need to learn complex paths around obstacles to get from one place to another because there’s a kitchen island or a new recliner to get in its way. That also means the robot won’t get under foot as someone tries to navigate around their own home. TRI’s bot can fold up tightly to the ceiling when it’s not in use, so it effectively takes up zero usable space.
TRI also claims that the top-down viewpoint gives the machine a better point of view for observing its own actions and the relative position of different objects it might have to manipulate. Toyota is big on robots learning from limited sets of parameters. So, if you wanted the robot to learn to wipe down the countertops, a human could perform that action in VR and the robot would understand the human’s actions and mimic them in the real world while monitoring variables. If you wanted to teach the robot to clean your countertops, you could do it in VR and it would understand going forward. Also, through what’s known as fleet learning, a human could teach one bot, and other networked machines would get the same lessons.
Numerous joints in the robotic arm allow it to move in all directions. In fact, some of the joints are redundant, allowing it to rotate and orient itself in pretty much any position. The problem, however, is that the whole house needs to essentially be designed around the machine. Installing the complicated support system as an aftermarket product would be a huge undertaking (though, Toyota currently has no concrete plans to bring this to market yet anyway). Ideally, the robot would be a central part of the home’s planning before construction gets underway.
That concept makes more sense as it scales to multi-unit buildings like elder care facilities. If the builders could make the units look nearly identical on the inside, engineers could train one robot, then share that information with the rest of the networked machines.
In addition to the whole home bot, TRI also showed off some smaller aspects of the tech. The bubble gripper, for instance, is an automated claw with soft pads on its gripping surfaces. A light system projects a series of dots on the inside of the pads and a camera to observe how the pads deform when it picks up an object. As a result, the system can analyze—in real time—the properties of the object with which it’s interacting. The demo showed it stacking several delicate wine glasses on top of each other on an unfamiliar surface.
TRI has clearly made considerable progress on its robotic pursuits and plans to continue working on this kind of tech in the future. There’s no hard plans to make this available to the public just yet, but the company does hope to roll out at least some of these technologies in the near future. This segment is clearly growing globally as well. Back at CES, Samsung debuted a robotic chef concept that uses a similar ceiling-mounted design. That’s just a prototype as well, for now, but we’re clearly getting ever closer to the day when your personal bot can make you an omelette in the morning. | Tunaweza kupata mapato kutoka kwa bidhaa zinazopatikana kwenye ukurasa huu na kushiriki katika programu za washirika. Toyota ilitangaza mwaka jana kuwa itatoa dola bilioni moja kwa Taasisi yake ya Utafiti na kuajiri mamia ya wahandisi kufanya kazi kwenye roboti na bidhaa zinazoendeshwa na AI, kama vile magari ya kuendesha gari. TRI imetoa fursa kwa waandishi wa habari kuhudhuria nyumba ya wazi (sehemu ya ambayo unaweza kutazama katika video iliyoingizwa hapa chini) kuona nini maabara wamekuwa kujenga. Mengi ya prototypes iliyoonyeshwa wakati wa tukio ni maana ya kusaidia watu nje karibu na nyumba zao. Wazo la roboti ya msaidizi limekuwapo kwa miongo kadhaa, lakini tayari limeanza kupata traction zaidi ya ulimwengu halisi, haswa katika nchi kama vile Japan ambapo idadi ya watu wanaozeeka inaweza kusababisha upungufu wa wafanyikazi wa msaada. TRI ni moja ya makampuni ya roboti ya nyumbani ambayo hutumia vifaa vya kuunganisha vifaa vya kuunganisha vifaa vya kuunganisha vifaa vya kuunganisha vifaa vya kuunganisha vifaa vya kuunganisha vifaa vya kuunganisha vifaa vya kuunganisha vifaa vya kuunganisha vifaa vya kuunganisha vifaa vya kuunganisha vifaa vya kuunganisha. "Tunafikiria kwa kawaida roboti za butler kutembea au kutembea katika nafasi zetu (kwa sababu angalau kwa sehemu ya butler mbaya wa roboti katika Rocky IV), lakini TRI inasema ""kuweka bot kwenye dari huleta faida kubwa.""" Kwanza, robot ina wakati rahisi kujifunza mpangilio wa nyumba - haina haja ya kujifunza njia ngumu kuzunguka vikwazo kupata kutoka mahali moja hadi nyingine kwa sababu kuna kisiwa jikoni au recliner mpya kupata katika njia yake. Hiyo pia ina maana robot si kupata chini ya mguu kama mtu anajaribu kusafiri karibu na nyumba yao wenyewe. TRI's bot inaweza fold up tightly kwa dari wakati si katika matumizi, hivyo ni ufanisi inachukua sifuri nafasi inayoweza kutumika. TRI pia inadai kwamba mtazamo wa juu-chini inatoa mashine mtazamo bora kwa ajili ya kuchunguza vitendo vyake mwenyewe na nafasi ya jamaa ya vitu tofauti inaweza kuwa na udhibiti. Toyota ni kubwa juu ya roboti kujifunza kutoka seti ndogo ya vigezo. Kwa hiyo, kama unataka robot kujifunza kufuta chini countertops, binadamu inaweza kufanya kwamba hatua katika VR na robot kuelewa vitendo vya binadamu na kuiga yao katika ulimwengu wa kweli wakati wa ufuatiliaji vigezo. Kama unataka kufundisha robot kusafisha countertops yako, unaweza kufanya hivyo katika VR na ingekuwa kuelewa kwenda mbele. Pia, kupitia kile kinachojulikana kama kujifunza kwa meli, binadamu anaweza kufundisha bot moja, na mashine nyingine zilizounganishwa zitapata masomo sawa. Viungo vingi katika mkono huo wa roboti huwezesha mkono huo kusonga katika pande zote. Kwa kweli, baadhi ya viungo hivyo ni vya ziada, na hivyo vinaweza kuzunguka na kujielekeza katika nafasi yoyote ile. Hata hivyo, tatizo ni kwamba nyumba nzima inahitaji kubuniwa kwa kuzingatia mashine hiyo. Kuanzisha mfumo wa msaada wa hali ya juu kama bidhaa ya baada ya soko itakuwa mradi mkubwa (ingawa, Toyota kwa sasa haina mipango halisi ya kuleta hii kwenye soko bado). Kwa kawaida, roboti ingekuwa sehemu muhimu ya mipango ya nyumba kabla ya ujenzi kuanza. Dhana hiyo ina maana zaidi inapopandishwa kwa majengo yenye vitengo vingi kama vile vituo vya utunzaji wa wazee. Ikiwa wajenzi wangeweza kufanya vitengo hivyo kuonekana sawa ndani, wahandisi wangeweza kufundisha roboti moja, kisha kushiriki habari hiyo na mashine zingine zilizounganishwa. Kwa kuongezea, TRI pia ilionyesha sehemu ndogo za teknolojia. Kwa mfano, kifaa cha kukamata Bubble ni kifaa cha kuunganisha vitu kwa njia ya moja kwa moja ambacho kina vifuniko laini kwenye sehemu zake za kukamata. Mfumo wa taa unaonyesha mfululizo wa nukta ndani ya pads na kamera ili kuchunguza jinsi pads deform wakati inachukua kitu. Matokeo yake, mfumo unaweza kuchambua "katika muda halisi" mali ya kitu ambacho ni kuingiliana. Maonyesho hayo yalionyesha kioo hicho kikiwa kimeunganishwa juu ya kioo kingine kisicho cha kawaida. TRI imefanya maendeleo makubwa katika shughuli zake za roboti na mipango ya kuendelea kufanya kazi kwenye aina hii ya teknolojia katika siku zijazo. Hakuna mipango ngumu ya kufanya hii inapatikana kwa umma tu bado, lakini kampuni haina matumaini ya kuzindua angalau baadhi ya teknolojia hizi katika siku zijazo za karibu. Sehemu hii ni wazi kukua kimataifa pia. Katika CES, Samsung ilionyesha kifaa cha robotic kitengenezo cha kupikia ambacho kinaweza kuunganishwa na paa. Hiyo ni tu prototype pia, kwa sasa, lakini sisi ni wazi kupata karibu zaidi na siku ambapo bot yako binafsi inaweza kufanya wewe omelette asubuhi. | <urn:uuid:76079814-a085-4a63-aa68-fce013e81ed0> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.popsci.com/story/technology/toyota-ceiling-robot-butler/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
The Environmental Impact of Sand Quarry Plants: What You Need to Know
Sand quarrying is an essential industry that provides the raw materials for various construction projects such as roads, buildings, and bridges. However, it is crucial to understand the environmental impact associated with sand quarry plants and take necessary measures to minimize its negative effects.
One of the significant environmental concerns related to sand quarrying is the destruction of natural habitats. Quarries often require clearing large areas of land, leading to the loss of valuable ecosystems. These habitats are home to numerous plant and animal species and play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity.
Moreover, the extraction of sand can have detrimental consequences for nearby water bodies. Sand quarries often dig deep pits that can disrupt groundwater flow and alter the natural hydrological cycle. This disruption can result in reduced water availability in nearby streams, rivers, and lakes. Additionally, the excavation process can cause sedimentation and contamination of water bodies, affecting aquatic life and water quality.
Another important aspect to consider is the impact on air quality. The process of blasting, crushing, and transporting sand releases significant amounts of dust particles into the air. These fine particles can have adverse effects on both human health and the environment. They can contribute to respiratory issues, impair visibility, and settle on nearby vegetation, potentially hindering their growth and survival.
Furthermore, the transportation of sand from quarries to construction sites also contributes to environmental impacts. The increased traffic from heavy vehicles can lead to noise pollution, road degradation, and increased carbon emissions. These negative consequences can further worsen air quality, disrupt ecosystems, and contribute to climate change.
To address these environmental concerns, it is vital to implement sustainable practices in sand quarry plants. One approach is to promote responsible land management and rehabilitation. Quarries should prioritize restoring and rehabilitating damaged land to its previous function, ensuring the recovery of ecosystems and the protection of biodiversity.
Furthermore, employing proper dust control measures is crucial to minimize the release of harmful particles into the air. The use of water sprays, dust suppression systems, and enclosing crushing equipment can significantly reduce dust emissions. Regular monitoring and maintenance of these systems are essential to ensure their effectiveness.
Additionally, implementing stricter regulations on transportation can help mitigate environmental impacts. Encouraging the use of cleaner and more efficient transportation methods, such as electric vehicles or rail transport, can reduce carbon emissions and alleviate road congestion.
Public awareness and education are also vital in addressing the environmental impact of sand quarry plants. Promoting sustainable construction practices and the use of alternative materials such as recycled aggregates can help reduce the demand for sand extraction. Encouraging individuals and companies to opt for environmentally responsible choices can contribute significantly to long-term sustainability.
In conclusion, sand quarry plants have a considerable environmental impact that needs to be addressed. The destruction of habitats, water pollution, air pollution, and transportation-related impacts are among the key concerns. By implementing sustainable practices, stricter regulations, and raising public awareness, we can minimize the negative effects of sand quarrying and preserve the environment for future generations.
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- The Ultimate Guide to Healthy Eating: Tips for Maintaining a Balanced Diet | Kuondoa mchanga katika mawe ni kazi muhimu ambayo hutoa vifaa vya ujenzi kwa ajili ya miradi mbalimbali ya ujenzi kama vile barabara, majengo, na madaraja. Hata hivyo, ni muhimu kuelewa athari za mazingira zinazohusiana na viwanda vya kuchimba mchanga na kuchukua hatua muhimu ili kupunguza athari zake mbaya. Mojawapo ya matatizo makubwa ya mazingira yanayohusiana na uchimbaji wa mchanga ni uharibifu wa makao ya asili. Mara nyingi migodi inahitaji kuondoa ardhi mingi, na hivyo kuharibu mazingira yenye thamani. Maeneo hayo ni makao ya mimea na wanyama wengi na yana fungu muhimu katika kudumisha utofauti wa viumbe. Isitoshe, uchimbaji wa mchanga waweza kuwa na matokeo mabaya kwa miili ya maji iliyo karibu. Mara nyingi migodi ya mchanga hutengeneza mashimo mazito ambayo yanaweza kuvuruga mtiririko wa maji ya chini ya ardhi na kubadili mzunguko wa asili wa maji. Uharibifu huo waweza kusababisha kupungua kwa maji katika vijito, mito, na maziwa yaliyo karibu. Kwa kuongezea, mchakato wa kuchimba unaweza kusababisha sedimentation na uchafuzi wa miili ya maji, kuathiri maisha ya majini na ubora wa maji. Jambo jingine muhimu la kuzingatia ni athari kwa ubora wa hewa. Utaratibu wa kulipua, kusaga, na kusafirisha mchanga hutokeza kiasi kikubwa cha chembe za vumbi hewani. Chembe hizo ndogo-ndogo zaweza kuwa na madhara kwa afya ya binadamu na mazingira. Wanaweza kusababisha matatizo ya kupumua, kudhoofisha uwezo wa kuona, na kukaa kwenye mimea iliyo karibu, na hivyo kuzuia ukuzi na uhai wao. Kwa kuongezea, usafirishaji wa mchanga kutoka kwa mawe hadi kwenye maeneo ya ujenzi pia huchangia athari za mazingira. Ongezeko la trafiki kutoka kwa magari mazito laweza kusababisha uchafuzi wa kelele, uharibifu wa barabara, na ongezeko la uzalishaji wa kaboni. Matokeo haya mabaya yanaweza kuzidisha ubora wa hewa, kuvuruga mifumo ya ikolojia, na kuchangia mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa. Ili kukabiliana na wasiwasi huu wa mazingira, ni muhimu kutekeleza mazoea endelevu katika viwanda vya kuchimba mchanga. Njia moja ni kukuza usimamizi wa ardhi wenye uwajibikaji na ukarabati. "Kuwa na kazi ya kuimarisha ardhi iliyoharibiwa na kuifanya iwe na kazi ya awali, kuhakikisha kurejeshwa kwa mifumo ya ikolojia na ulinzi wa ""biodiversity.""" Isitoshe, ni muhimu kutumia njia sahihi za kudhibiti vumbi ili kupunguza kiasi cha chembechembe zenye madhara zinazotoka hewani. Matumizi ya maji sprays, mifumo ya kuvunja vumbi, na kuzunguka mashine ya crushing inaweza kwa kiasi kikubwa kupunguza uzalishaji wa vumbi. Ufuatiliaji wa mara kwa mara na matengenezo ya mifumo hii ni muhimu ili kuhakikisha ufanisi wao. Kwa kuongezea, kutekeleza kanuni kali zaidi juu ya usafiri kunaweza kusaidia kupunguza athari za mazingira. Kuchochea matumizi ya njia safi na ufanisi zaidi za usafiri, kama vile magari ya umeme au usafiri wa reli, inaweza kupunguza uzalishaji wa kaboni na kupunguza msongamano wa barabara. Uhamasishaji na elimu ya umma pia ni muhimu katika kushughulikia athari za mazingira za viwanda vya kuchimba mchanga. Kukuza mazoea ya ujenzi endelevu na matumizi ya vifaa mbadala kama vile aggregates recycled inaweza kusaidia kupunguza mahitaji ya uchimbaji mchanga. Kuhamasisha watu binafsi na makampuni kuchagua chaguzi zinazohusika na mazingira kunaweza kuchangia sana uendelevu wa muda mrefu. Kwa kumalizia, viwanda vya kuchimba mchanga vina athari kubwa ya mazingira ambayo inahitaji kushughulikiwa. Uharibifu wa makao, uchafuzi wa maji, uchafuzi wa hewa, na athari zinazohusiana na usafiri ni miongoni mwa wasiwasi muhimu. Kwa kutekeleza mazoea endelevu, kanuni kali, na kuongeza ufahamu wa umma, tunaweza kupunguza athari mbaya za uchimbaji wa mchanga na kuhifadhi mazingira kwa vizazi vijavyo. Kuongeza utendaji wa mstari wa usafirishaji: Hatua muhimu za kurekebisha kwa kuongeza ufanisi: Jinsi ya kuchagua kinu cha kusaga cha haki kwa biashara yako: Sababu 10 za juu kwa nini kuwekeza katika crusher mpya ya mawe nchini Ufilipino ni chaguo la busara: Kulinganisha orodha ya bei ya crusher ya mawe ya 100tph: Kupata mikataba bora: Jinsi Crusher ya Zenith ya Kubuni inakuza Uzalishaji: Mwongozo wa Mwisho wa Kula Afya: Vidokezo vya Kudumisha | <urn:uuid:df1d241c-8d9f-4a0a-826d-a194703f2fd7> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.pra-artculinaire.be/archives/1757.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Any good workout will make you sweat, but summer workouts generally make people sweat more than ever. This means that there’s a bunch of people losing electrolytes at a higher rate than normal. We figured there’s no better time than late July to talk about what happens when your body loses electrolytes.
Electrolytes are found in bodily fluids, including your sweat. They earn their name by producing charged ions when dissolved in water. These ions allow your nerves to communicate, which, in turn, helps your body function correctly. Without the correct balance of electrolytes, Electrolyte imbalances come in different forms and can be caused by anything from hormonal imbalances to sickness to chemotherapy. One of the most common types of imbalance is caused by sweating combined with an electrolyte-deficient diet. | Mazoezi ya kawaida ya kawaida hufanya mtu awe na jasho, lakini mazoezi ya majira ya joto hufanya mtu awe na jasho zaidi. Hii ina maana kwamba kuna kundi la watu kupoteza electrolytes kwa kiwango cha juu kuliko kawaida. Tulidhani hakuna wakati bora kuliko mwishoni mwa Julai kuzungumza juu ya nini kinatokea wakati mwili wako hupoteza electrolytes. Electrolytes hupatikana katika umajimaji wa mwili, kutia ndani jasho lako. Jina hilo linatokana na ion zilizo na nishati zinapolehemshwa katika maji. Ioni hizo huruhusu neva zako ziwasiliana, na hilo husaidia mwili wako ufanye kazi ifaavyo. Bila usawa sahihi wa electrolytes, usawa wa electrolyte huja katika aina tofauti na inaweza kusababishwa na chochote kutoka kwa usawa wa homoni hadi ugonjwa hadi chemotherapy. Mojawapo ya aina za kawaida za kutoweza kusawazisha mambo husababishwa na kuota jasho pamoja na kula vyakula visivyo na elektroni. | <urn:uuid:39310645-9ece-466c-bc3d-6ab447843288> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.profitri.com/blog/signs-of-electrolyte-imbalance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Opening Eyes, Opening Minds: The Ontario Burden of Mental Illness and Addictions Report
Opening Eyes, Opening Minds: The Ontario Burden of Mental Illness and Addictions Report is the third and final report in a series of burden of disease reports produced with the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. The study quantifies the burden of mental illness and addictions in Ontario.
Ontarians suffer a high burden of illness from mental illness and addictions - more than 1.5 times that of all cancers and more than seven times that of all infectious diseases.
The findings of this study highlight the need for health care providers, practitioners, policy-makers and researchers to work together to:
- Identify effective mental health promotion, as well as mental illness and addiction prevention interventions
- Improve access to treatment for those suffering from mental illness and addiction
Given the significant burden, there is a need to consider population-based promotion, prevention and treatment strategies aimed at reducing the burden of mental illness and addictions in Ontario. | "Mtazamo wa ""Mtazamo wa Ontario"" ni ripoti ya tatu na ya mwisho katika mfululizo wa ripoti za mzigo wa magonjwa zinazozalishwa na Taasisi ya Sayansi ya Tathmini ya Kliniki." Utafiti huo unaonyesha uzito wa magonjwa ya akili na uraibu katika Ontario. Watu wa Ontario wanaathiriwa na magonjwa ya akili na ulevi - zaidi ya mara 1.5 ya saratani zote na zaidi ya mara saba ya magonjwa yote ya kuambukiza. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanaonyesha umuhimu wa watoa huduma za afya, watendaji, watunga sera na watafiti kufanya kazi pamoja ili: - Kutambua uendelezaji wa afya ya akili, pamoja na magonjwa ya akili na uchochezi wa kuzuia - Kuboresha upatikanaji wa matibabu kwa wale wanaosumbuliwa na ugonjwa wa akili na uchochezi - Kwa kuzingatia mzigo mkubwa, kuna haja ya kuzingatia mkakati wa kukuza, kuzuia na matibabu wa watu wote. | <urn:uuid:c379f360-fe91-4b83-bd2f-73c0bcb0c3fa> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Health-Topics/Health-Promotion/Mental-Health/Opening-Eyes-Opening-Minds | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDA) are a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders. CDAs are characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, morphological abnormalities of erythroblasts (bi/ multinucleated erythroblast, internuclear bridges, erythroid hyperplasia), haemolysis, and hypoglycosylation of red blood cell membrane proteins. Depending on erythroid maturation and precursors involved, three major types of CDA (I, II, III) are identified. Other variants of CDA like transcription factor-related CDA include CDA type IV and X-linked thrombocytopenia with or without dyserythropoietic anemia (XLTDA). The CDA associated with Majeed syndrome is also known. The causative genes are CDAN1, C15ORF41(CDIN2), SEC23B, KIF23, KLF1, GATA1, and LPIN2 .The Patients suffering from CDA are characterized with anemia of variable degree, pallor, recurrent jaundice, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, gall stones. In some cases, patients are transfusion-dependent, while in some cases, transfusion is less frequently required, and patients are asymptomatic . Light and electron microscopic analysis of bone marrow samples , SDS-PAGE exclusively for CDA type II, and genetic analysis using Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing is currently used for the diagnosis of CDA.
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia type II (OMIM: 224100) is the most common type of CDA. The genetic defect of CDA type II is due to mutations in the SEC23B gene (encoding COPII) . SEC23B gene (OMIM: 610512) is located on chromosome 20p11.23. It is involved in providing instructions for the making of one component of coat protein complex II (COPII). COPII is a large group of interacting proteins that function in the formation of vesicles. Vesicles are small sac-like structures that are involved in the transportation of proteins and other materials in cells. COPII triggers the formation of vesicles in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It plays a vital role in protein processing and transportation. Proteins that are destined to be secreted are carried by COPII vesicles. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi trafficking is disturbed due to abnormalities in the SEC23B gene. This affects different glycosylation pathways and ultimately accounts for the cellular phenotype observed in CDAII .
SEC23B mutations are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. So far, only 16 patients of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II from India have been described in the literature: 6 of the patients diagnosed based on bone marrow light microscopy , 10 North Indian patients having Y462C mutation in exon 12 of SEC23B gene [7–8]. There is a possibility of more patients suffering from CDA in the Indian population. But, the data is not available because of difficulties in diagnosis. Biochemical methods like the anti-CD44 antibody binding test, along with bone marrow microscopy and molecular tests, will be helpful [9–10]. More than 120 mutations have been identified in the SEC23B gene that causes CDA Type II. The most common mutation in the Indian population is c.1385A>G, p.Y462C . Many patients with CDA remain undiagnosed because of a lack of simple, confirmatory diagnostic methods.
In the Eosin-5’-Maleimide assay (EMA), patients suffering from hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and CDA type II show decreased mean channel fluorescence (MCF). Thus, many cases of CDA type II are misdiagnosed as cases of HS. In CDA type II patients, anti-CD44 antibody binding to red blood cells is raised compared to normal healthy individuals and HS patients. We used the Eosin-5’-Maleimide assay (EMA) by flow cytometry to diagnose hereditary spherocytosis and CDA type II. We have further used an anti-CD44 antibody binding assay to suspect the diagnosis of CDA II in patients who have shown low mean channel fluorescence in the EMA test.
High-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based technique applied to identify genetic differences and scan nucleic acid sequences. The properties of DNA such as length, sequence, composition, GC content, and heterozygosity are responsible for the melting curve. The significant information about the genotype can be obtained by these melting curve profiles, which allows an analysis of mutations and polymorphisms. The precision and accuracy of the HRM method are dependent on the fluorescent dye used along with the instrument and software in the analysis . HRM analysis gives reproducible and rapid results though it is not used in routine clinical practice . In this study, we have developed the HRM method to detect common SEC23Bgene mutation causing CDA type II in the Indian population. | Anemia ya kuzaliwa (CDA) ni aina ya ugonjwa wa kawaida wa ugonjwa wa kuzaliwa. CDAs ni sifa ya erythropoiesis ineffective, morphological abnormalities ya erythroblasts (bi- multinucleated erythroblast, internucleated bridges, erythropoietic hyperplasia), hemolysis, na hypoglycosylation ya nyekundu ya damu cell membrane protini. Kulingana na kukomaa kwa erythroid na vichwa vya habari vinavyohusika, aina kuu tatu za CDA (I, II, III) zimetambuliwa. CDA ya aina ya IV (CDA ya aina ya IV) na X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLTDA) CDA inayohusiana na ugonjwa wa Majeed pia inajulikana. CDA (C15-ORF41) (CDIN-2), C15-ORF2 (CDIN-2), C15-ORF2 (CDIN-2), C15-ORF2 (CDIN-2), C15-ORF2 (CDIN-2), C15-ORF2 (CDIN-2), C16-ORF2 (CDIN-2), C16-ORF2 (CDIN-3) na C16-ORF2 (CDIN-3) ni aina ya ugonjwa unaosababishwa na ugonjwa wa upungu wa damu (anemia) na ugonjwa wa gallstones (gallstones). Katika baadhi ya kesi, wagonjwa wanategemea uingizaji damu, wakati katika baadhi ya kesi, uingizaji damu huhitajika mara chache, na wagonjwa hawana dalili. Uchunguzi wa microscopic na electron ya sampuli za mifupa ya mifupa, SDS-PAGE, na uchambuzi wa maumbile kwa kutumia utaratibu wa Sanger na utaratibu wa kizazi kijacho, hutumiwa kwa sasa kwa utambuzi wa CDA. Anemia ya congenital dyserythropoietic aina ya II (OMIM 224100) ni aina ya kawaida ya CDA. Ugonjwa wa CDA2 unawezekana kutokana na mabadiliko katika jeni la SEC23B (COPD-2). Jeni la SEM23B (OMIM 61012), ni sehemu ya chromosome 20p1123 Inafanya kazi katika kuandaa maagizo ya kutengeneza sehemu moja ya coat protein complex II (COPII). CO2 ni kundi kubwa la protini zinazohusika katika kuunda vesicles. Vesicles ni mifumo midogo kama mifuko ambayo inahusika katika usafirishaji wa protini na vifaa vingine katika seli. COPD huchochea uundaji wa vesicles katika reticulum ya endoplasmic (ER). Ina jukumu muhimu katika usindikaji na usafirishaji wa protini. Protini ambazo zimekusudiwa kutolewa hubebwa na vesicles za COPII. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Golgi trafiki ni kusumbuliwa kutokana na kasoro katika jeni SEC23B. Hii huathiri njia tofauti za glycosylation na hatimaye huelezea phenotype ya seli iliyoonekana katika CDAII. Mabadiliko ya SEC23B ni urithi katika mtindo wa autosomal recessive. Kwa sasa, wagonjwa 16 tu wa aina ya 2 ya anemia ya dyserythropoietic ya kuzaliwa kutoka India wameelezwa katika fasihi: 6 ya wagonjwa waliogunduliwa kulingana na microscopy ya mwanga ya uti wa mgongo, 10 wagonjwa wa India Kaskazini wenye mabadiliko ya Y462C katika exon 12 ya jeni la 23SEB. Kuna uwezekano wa wagonjwa zaidi wanaoteseka kutokana na CDA katika idadi ya watu wa India. Lakini, data haipatikani kwa sababu ya matatizo katika utambuzi. Kwa mfano, kwa mfano, mtihani wa anti-CD44 au mtihani wa kuunganisha antibody, pamoja na uchunguzi wa microscopy ya mifupa na vipimo vya molekuli, inaweza kusaidia. Mabadiliko zaidi ya 120 yamegunduliwa katika jeni la SEC23B ambalo husababisha CDA ya Aina ya II. Mabadiliko ya kawaida katika idadi ya watu wa India ni c1385A>G, pY462C. Wagonjwa wengi wenye CDA hawajatambuliwa kwa sababu ya ukosefu wa mbinu rahisi za uthibitisho wa utambuzi. Katika Eosine-5-Maleimide Assay (EMA), wagonjwa wanaosumbuliwa na spherocytosis ya urithi (HS) na CDA aina ya II huonyesha kupungua kwa fluorescence ya kituo cha wastani (MCF). Kwa hiyo, visa vingi vya CDA aina ya pili huchunguzwa kimakosa kuwa visa vya HS. Katika wagonjwa wa CDA ya aina ya II, antibody ya anti-CD44 inayounganisha kwa seli nyekundu za damu imeongezeka ikilinganishwa na watu wazima wa kawaida na wagonjwa wa HS. Eosine-5-Maleimide (EMA) ni kipimo cha kawaida cha mtiririko wa cytometry, ambacho kinachotumiwa kugundua spherocytosis ya urithi na CDA ya aina ya 2. Kwa mfano, kwa ajili ya uchunguzi wa antibody-binding ya anti-CD44, CDA II iligunduliwa kwa wagonjwa ambao walikuwa na fluorescence ya chini ya kituo cha wastani katika mtihani wa EMA. High-resolution melting curve analysis (HRM) ni mbinu ya polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inayotumika kutambua tofauti za maumbile na kuchunguza mfululizo wa asidi ya nuklia. Sifa za DNA kama vile urefu, mfululizo, muundo, maudhui ya GC, na heterozygosity ni wajibu kwa ajili ya mteremko wa kuyeyuka. Habari muhimu kuhusu genotype inaweza kupatikana na hizi profile kuyeyushwa curve, ambayo inaruhusu uchambuzi wa mutations na polymorphisms. Uwezo wa utaratibu wa HRM unategemea rangi ya fluorescent iliyotumiwa pamoja na chombo na programu katika uchambuzi. Uchambuzi wa HRM hutoa matokeo ya kurudia na ya haraka ingawa haitumiki katika mazoezi ya kawaida ya kliniki. Utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti. | <urn:uuid:0cc0d1d0-e262-4bbb-9992-647fe7534b43> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1301295/v1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Laser cutting and milling stand out as prominent machining techniques widely employed across various industries. To make informed decisions for your specific application, it's crucial to comprehend the nuanced disparities between these two methods while considering their respective advantages and drawbacks.
Laser cutting harnesses a highly concentrated laser beam to incise materials such as metal, wood, and plastic without any physical contact. Renowned for its precision, this method achieves cuts of unparalleled accuracy that surpass alternative techniques. The swiftness of laser cutting allows for expedited processing of thick materials, making it suitable for both small-scale and large-scale production runs. Additionally, its adaptability extends to working with diverse materials and thicknesses, facilitating the creation of intricate shapes effortlessly.
- Precision: Unmatched accuracy in cut designs.
- Speed: Swiftly cuts through thick materials.
- Flexibility: Versatile application across various materials.
Contrastingly, milling involves the use of a rotating cutting tool to carve out desired shapes from a workpiece. This method is celebrated for its versatility, accommodating an extensive array of materials, shapes, and sizes. Milling's precision is notable, delivering smooth surface finishes and affording meticulous control over finished dimensions and tolerances. While it offers flexibility in shaping diverse forms, milling does come with some constraints, such as a slower processing speed, a higher initial investment in machinery, and limitations on milling thin materials.
- Versatility: Adaptable to various materials, shapes, and sizes.
- Precision: Delivers smooth surface finishes and meticulous control.
- Flexibility: Creates a wide range of shapes and sizes.
In summary, the decision between laser cutting and milling hinges on the unique requirements of your application. Laser cutting prioritizes speed, precision, and flexibility, making it ideal for intricate designs and swift material processing. Conversely, milling offers unparalleled control over dimensions, superior surface finishes, and versatility in shaping. Understanding the distinctive characteristics of each method will empower you to make an informed choice tailored to your specific machining needs. | Laser kukata na kusaga kusimama nje kama mbinu maarufu machining kutumika sana katika viwanda mbalimbali. Ili kufanya maamuzi ya habari kwa ajili ya maombi yako maalum, ni muhimu kuelewa tofauti nuanced kati ya mbinu hizi mbili wakati kuzingatia faida zao na hasara. Kukata kwa laser hutumia mnururisho wa laser wenye mkusanyiko mkubwa kukata vifaa kama vile chuma, mbao, na plastiki bila kuwasiliana kimwili. Njia hiyo inajulikana kwa usahihi wake, na inafanya upasuaji usio na kifani uwe sahihi zaidi kuliko mbinu nyinginezo. Laser kukata ni rahisi na rahisi kwa ajili ya usindikaji wa haraka wa vifaa nene, na inafaa kwa ajili ya wote ndogo na kubwa uzalishaji mbio. Kwa kuongezea, uwezo wake wa kubadilika-badilika huenea kufanya kazi na vifaa na unene mbalimbali, na kuwezesha uumbaji wa maumbo magumu bila jitihada. - Usahihi: Usahihi usio na kifani katika miundo ya kukata. - Kasi: Inakata haraka vitu vyenye unene. - Kubadilika: Matumizi versatile katika vifaa mbalimbali. Tofauti na hilo, kusaga kunahusisha kutumia kifaa cha kukata kinachozunguka ili kutengeneza maumbo yanayohitajiwa kutoka kwenye kipande cha kazi. Mbinu hiyo inajulikana kwa sababu ya jinsi inavyoweza kutumiwa kwa njia mbalimbali, kwa sababu ya vifaa, maumbo, na ukubwa mbalimbali. Usahihi wa kusaga ni mashuhuri, kutoa kumaliza uso laini na kutoa udhibiti makini juu ya vipimo kumaliza na uvumilivu. Wakati inatoa kubadilika katika kuunda maumbo mbalimbali, kusaga kuja na baadhi ya vikwazo, kama vile kasi ya usindikaji polepole, uwekezaji wa awali juu katika mashine, na mapungufu juu ya kusaga vifaa nyembamba. - Uwezo wa kutumiwa kwa njia mbalimbali: Inaweza kutumiwa kwa vifaa, maumbo, na ukubwa mbalimbali. - Precision: Inatoa kumaliza uso laini na udhibiti makini. - Kubadilika: Inaunda mbalimbali ya maumbo na ukubwa. Kwa muhtasari, uamuzi kati ya kukata laser na kusaga unategemea mahitaji ya kipekee ya maombi yako. Kukata kwa laser huangazia kasi, usahihi, na kubadilika-badilika, na hivyo kufanya iwe bora kwa miundo tata na usindikaji wa haraka wa vifaa. Kinyume chake, kusaga hutoa udhibiti usio na kifani juu ya vipimo, kumaliza juu ya uso, na kubadilika-badilika katika kuunda. Kuelewa sifa za kipekee za kila njia itakupa nguvu ya kufanya uchaguzi unaofahamika ulioboreshwa kwa mahitaji yako maalum ya usindikaji. | <urn:uuid:8fa7cb16-7c59-4295-b59f-b3b8ba46544d> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.ruixing-mfg.com/key-attributes-of-laser-cutting-and-cnc-milling-processes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
When COVID-19 forced students home, the university’s once-bustling computer labs fell silent, and more than 1,250 computers sat unused.
Now the computers are at work once again, helping researchers around the globe fight the very disease that displaced students across Rutgers locations.
Information technology professionals have connected the devices – and other machines from around the university – to a research consortium called Folding@Home, which will use them to predict the efficacy of potential COVID-19 treatments. Folding@Home pairs research labs that need extra computing power with people who want to put their machines to good use. Volunteers download an app that works in the background, automatically tapping unused resources for research.
Folding@Home normally supports research into many different diseases, but it has made news recently by turning its resources to the fight against the SARS CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. Other participants and partners include Colorado State, Google, Intel and the University of Virginia.
“The machines in the labs aren’t particularly powerful individually, but collectively, they have a huge amount of computing power that can do valuable work,” said Brian Luper, a director in the Office of Information Technology (OIT) who learned about the Folding@Home COVID-19 efforts from a tech blog post. Luper, who oversees many of the university’s computer labs, realized that the computers in the labs, though just regular Macs and PCs, were “a huge, untapped resource that could help test treatments” for COVID-19.
And Luper isn’t alone. The Office of Advanced Research Computing (OARC) is donating compute cycles from their high-performance computing systems to Folding@Home, which is also getting contributions from at least a dozen others with university email addresses. “Team Rutgers” at Folding@Home was recently ranked in the top 1 percent of all Folding@Home contributors.
How can computers evaluate COVID-19 treatments?
Drugs affect your body by binding to molecules inside you and changing their behavior. To find an effective COVID-19 treatment, you need to find (or build) a molecule that binds either to the virus or to some molecule in your body that interacts with the virus.
Molecules, like puzzle pieces, only bind if their shapes correspond properly, so researchers must first discover the exact shapes of molecules they wish to “target” and then find a drug with inversely shaped structures.
Unlike puzzle pieces, many molecules are extremely complex. A single protein can contain more than 10,000 atoms, all arranged into an unfathomably ornate shape that, to make matters worse, is constantly changing. Drug molecules can be equally complex.
Predicting “fits” can take trillions of calculations, and that’s where the computer lab’s machines can help.
“We already know the primary shape of the protein we’re targeting, so we’re now screening drug-like molecules to see which fit best,” said Vincent Voelz, an associate professor of chemistry at Temple University who is one of the leaders of the Folding@Home project. “We assign one potential drug to each computer, so the addition of 1,000 computers gives us 1,000 more chances to find a promising treatment.”
OIT operates more than 25 computer labs across the university, with some of the labs housing scores of computers. It would have taken weeks to install the Folding@Home software computer-by-computer, but Luper knew there was a shortcut: The software that normally pushes updates to computer labs would enable OIT to complete the process in just a few hours.
Luper’s request to connect the computer lab machines to Folding@Home won immediate and enthusiastic support from OIT leadership.
“I’m thrilled we are able to contribute our computing resources to the hunt for a cure,” said Michele Norin, senior vice president and chief information officer.
The leader of OARC echoed Norin’s thoughts. “Rutgers researchers are playing an important role in the fight against COVID-19, and I’m glad that OARC can aid this research by prioritizing COVID-19 related work on our high-performance computing resources,” said Barr von Oehsen, the associate vice president of OARC.
OARC has contributed time from various high-performance computing systems, including full-time work from a specific research “cluster,” known as Perceval, that has roughly 500 times the computing power of a normal Mac or PC.
As with the computer labs, which were only available to fight the virus because the virus had sent their normal users home, OARC’s Perceval cluster became available for COVID-19 research because COVID-19 forced OARC to postpone planned changes to the system.
“The Perceval cluster was due to be repurposed, but we were able to immediately connect it to Folding@Home when the pandemic sent us home,” said Ryan Novosielski, who is a senior technologist at OARC. “We won’t be able to repurpose the system until the pandemic has subsided and it’s safe to work on site.”
Want to help test potential COVID-19 treatments? You don’t need hundreds of computers or a research cluster to help Folding@Home do valuable research. Each additional computer helps, and it’s easy to download the software and configure it so that it won’t slow your computer down when you need to use it. You can also learn more about the Folding@Home effort to combat COVID-19. | COVID-19 ilipowalazimisha wanafunzi kurudi nyumbani, maabara ya kompyuta ya chuo kikuu ilizimia, na zaidi ya kompyuta 1,250 zilisimama zisizotumiwa. Sasa kompyuta zinafanya kazi tena, zikisaidia watafiti duniani kote kupambana na ugonjwa huo ambao uliondosha wanafunzi katika maeneo ya Rutgers. Wataalamu wa teknolojia ya habari wameunganisha vifaa na mashine nyingine kutoka kote chuo kikuu kwa ushirika wa utafiti unaoitwa Folding@Home, ambao utatumia kutabiri ufanisi wa matibabu ya COVID-19. Folding@Home inashiriki maabara ya utafiti ambayo yanahitaji nguvu ya ziada ya kompyuta na watu ambao wanataka kutumia mashine zao vizuri. Wajitoleaji hupakua programu inayofanya kazi kwa nyuma, na kwa moja kwa moja hupata rasilimali zisizotumiwa kwa ajili ya utafiti. FoldingHome kwa kawaida inasaidia utafiti wa magonjwa mengi tofauti, lakini hivi karibuni imefanya habari kwa kugeuza rasilimali zake kupigana na virusi vya SARS-CoV-2 vinavyosababisha COVID-19. Washiriki wengine na washirika ni pamoja na Jimbo la Colorado, Google, Intel na Chuo Kikuu cha Virginia. "Mashine katika maabara si nguvu sana kwa mtu binafsi, lakini kwa pamoja, wana kiasi kikubwa cha nguvu ya kompyuta ambayo inaweza kufanya kazi muhimu, ""alisema Brian Luper, mkurugenzi katika Ofisi ya Teknolojia ya Habari (OIT) ambaye alijifunza juu ya Folding @ Home COVID-19 juhudi kutoka chapisho la blogi ya teknolojia." Luper, ambaye husimamia maabara nyingi za kompyuta za chuo kikuu, alitambua kwamba kompyuta katika maabara, ingawa ni Macs na PC za kawaida tu, zilikuwa " rasilimali kubwa, zisizotumiwa ambazo zinaweza kusaidia kupima matibabu " kwa COVID-19. Na Luper si peke yake. Ofisi ya Advanced Research Computing (OARC) inatoa mzunguko wa hesabu kutoka kwa mifumo yao ya kompyuta ya utendaji wa juu kwa Folding@Home, ambayo pia inapata michango kutoka kwa angalau wengine kadhaa na anwani za barua pepe za chuo kikuu. "Timu ya Rutgers" katika Folding@Home hivi karibuni iliorodheshwa katika asilimia 1 ya juu ya wachangiaji wote wa Folding@Home. Kompyuta zinawezaje kutathmini matibabu ya COVID-19? Dawa za kulevya huathiri mwili wako kwa kuunganisha na molekuli ndani yako na kubadilisha tabia zao. Ili kupata matibabu bora ya COVID-19, unahitaji kupata (au kujenga) molekuli ambayo huunganisha au kwa virusi au kwa molekuli fulani katika mwili wako ambayo inashirikiana na virusi. Molekuli, kama vipande vya puzzle, huunganisha tu ikiwa maumbo yao yanalingana vizuri, kwa hivyo watafiti lazima kwanza wagundue maumbo halisi ya molekuli wanayotaka "kuelekeza" na kisha wapate dawa yenye muundo wa kinyume. Tofauti na vipande vya fumbo, molekuli nyingi ni tata sana. Protini moja inaweza kuwa na atomu zaidi ya 10,000, zote zikiwa zimepangwa katika umbo lenye mapambo mengi sana, na jambo baya zaidi ni kwamba, zinabadilika daima. Molekuli za dawa za kulevya zaweza kuwa tata vilevile. Kutabiri "kufaa" kunaweza kuchukua trilioni za hesabu, na hapo ndipo mashine za maabara ya kompyuta zinaweza kusaidia. "Tunajua tayari umbo la msingi la protini tunayoilenga, kwa hivyo sasa tunachunguza molekuli zinazofanana na dawa ili kuona ni zipi zinafaa zaidi", alisema Vincent Voelz, profesa msaidizi wa kemia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Temple ambaye ni mmoja wa viongozi wa mradi wa Folding@Home. """ "Kila kompyuta ina dawa moja, hivyo kuongeza kompyuta 1,000 kutupa nafasi zaidi ya 1,000 ya kupata matibabu ya matumaini. ""OIT inafanya kazi zaidi ya maabara ya kompyuta 25 katika chuo kikuu, na baadhi ya maabara nyumba scores ya kompyuta." "Ilikuwa itachukua wiki kadhaa kuanzisha programu ya ""Folding Home"" kompyuta kwa kompyuta, lakini Luper alijua kulikuwa na njia ya mkato: programu ambayo kwa kawaida inasafirisha sasisho kwa maabara ya kompyuta ingewezesha OIT kukamilisha mchakato katika masaa machache tu." Ombi la Luper la kuunganisha mashine za maabara ya kompyuta kwa Folding@Home lilipata msaada wa haraka na wa shauku kutoka kwa uongozi wa OIT. "Ninafurahi sana kwamba tunaweza kuchangia rasilimali zetu za kompyuta katika kutafuta tiba", alisema Michele Norin, makamu mkuu wa rais na afisa mkuu wa habari. Kiongozi wa OARC alirudia mawazo ya Norin. "Watafiti wa Rutgers wana jukumu muhimu katika kupambana na COVID-19 na ninafurahi kwamba OARC inaweza kusaidia utafiti huu kwa kuweka kipaumbele kazi inayohusiana na COVID-19 kwenye rasilimali zetu za kompyuta za utendaji wa juu, ""alisema Barr von Oehsen, makamu mwenyekiti wa OARC." OARC imetoa wakati kutoka kwa mifumo mbalimbali ya kompyuta ya utendaji wa juu, ikiwa ni pamoja na kazi ya wakati wote kutoka kwa "kundi" maalum la utafiti, inayojulikana kama Perceval, ambayo ina karibu nguvu ya kompyuta ya kawaida ya Mac au PC. Kama ilivyo na maabara ya kompyuta, ambayo zilipatikana tu kupambana na virusi kwa sababu virusi vilikuwa vimewatuma watumiaji wao wa kawaida nyumbani, kundi la Perceval la OARC lilipatikana kwa utafiti wa COVID-19 kwa sababu COVID-19 ililazimisha OARC kuahirisha mabadiliko yaliyopangwa kwa mfumo. "Kundi la Perceval lilipaswa kubadilishwa, lakini tuliweza kuunganisha mara moja na Folding@Home wakati janga hilo lilitupeleka nyumbani, "Ryan Novoselsky, ambaye ni mtaalamu mwandamizi wa teknolojia katika OARC, alisema." "Hatutakuwa na uwezo wa kubadilisha kusudi la mfumo hadi janga hilo litakapopungua na ni salama kufanya kazi kwenye tovuti. ""Unataka kusaidia kupima matibabu ya COVID-19?" Huna haja ya mamia ya kompyuta au kundi la utafiti kusaidia Folding@Home kufanya utafiti wa thamani. Kila kompyuta ya ziada husaidia, na ni rahisi kupakua programu na kuipanga ili isiweze kupunguza kasi ya kompyuta yako wakati unahitaji kuitumia. "Kama unavyojua, kuna ""Folding Home"" ambayo ni mpango wa kupambana na COVID-19." | <urn:uuid:c6558156-64d3-4a33-8f33-278c9d97d89e> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.rutgers.edu/news/rutgers-empty-computer-labs-put-use-testing-possible-covid-19-treatments | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
On 28 November 1987 more than 60 people were killed, and scores were left wounded when an army-escorted civilian convoy was attacked by guerrillas from the Mozambique National Resistance Movement (RENAMO). The ambush happened on a Saturday on the main road, 32 kilometres from the Mozambique capital Maputo. According to reports by survivor, Salvador Manuel, rebels attacked the convoy along its length, firing from both sides of the road. Two events of the same nature, before this one, happened on the same road where 330 people lost their lives just 50 miles north of Maputo. Four rebels were killed during the exchange of gun fire between soldiers and rebels. The Mozambican government blamed both these events on South African, who were accused of supporting the rebels. These claims were rejected by the South African government. The attack of 1987 happened almost a year after Mozambican President Samora Machel’s death. Three years before this attack, President Michel signed the Nkomati Accord of 1984 with South Africa, which pledged to end Mozambican support for the African National Congress(ANC) in return for an end to South African support for RENAMO.
latimes, ‘63 Slain as Guerrillas Attack Civilian Convoy in Mozambique’, [online] Available at www.latimes.com[Accessed 28 November 2013]| | Mnamo Novemba 28, 1987, watu zaidi ya 60 waliuawa na wengi kujeruhiwa wakati msafara wa raia uliokuwa ukiandamana na jeshi uliposhambuliwa na wapiganaji wa kivita wa Mozambique National Resistance Movement (RENAMO). Mashambulizi hayo yalifanyika Jumamosi katika barabara kuu ya mji mkuu wa Msumbiji, Maputo. Kwa mujibu wa taarifa za mwokokaji Salvador Manuel, waasi walishambulia msafara huo kwa muda mrefu, wakipiga risasi kutoka pande zote mbili za barabara. Tukio hilo lilitokea mara mbili kabla ya tukio hilo, ambapo watu 330 walipoteza maisha yao katika barabara moja, maili 50 tu kaskazini mwa mji wa Maputo. Waasi wanne waliuawa wakati wa kubadilishana risasi kati ya askari na waasi. Serikali ya Msumbiji ililaumu matukio yote mawili kwa Afrika Kusini, ambao walishtakiwa kuunga mkono waasi. Madai hayo yalikataliwa na serikali ya Afrika Kusini. Mashambulizi hayo yalifanyika mwaka 1987 baada ya kifo cha Rais Samora Machel. Mwaka 1984 Rais Michel alisaini mkataba wa Nkomati na Afrika Kusini, ambao ulikubaliana kumaliza msaada wa Msumbiji kwa chama cha African National Congress (ANC) kwa kubadilishana na kusitishwa kwa msaada wa Afrika Kusini kwa RENAMO. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika ripoti ya ""Satanus Sixty-Six: How Guerrillas Attack Civilian Convoy in Mozambique"" iliyochapishwa na gazeti la habari la The Times, ""mashambulizi ya wapiganaji wa kivita dhidi ya raia wa Mozambique"" yamesababisha vifo vya watu 63." | <urn:uuid:60e08479-886d-48aa-a217-bda4126a2d1e> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/over-60-people-are-killed-renamo-mozambique | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Undiagnosed Ebola virus infection was probably very rare in international workers who were deployed during the 2013-2015 outbreak of the virus in West Africa, despite mild and asymptomatic cases of Ebola being known to occur, according to new research published in the journal PLOS Medicine.
As part of the study, more than 250 UK and Ireland healthcare and other workers were tested for Ebola virus antibodies after returning from West Africa -- no evidence of missed infections was found. This suggests that the vast majority of volunteers were kept safe by Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and the Ebola treatment centre procedures in place. However, the study also found that potentially avoidable events putting frontline workers at risk of infection were quite common during the outbreak, with one in six participants classified as having 'near miss' exposure events.
In what is believed to be the first study of the prevalence of Ebola infection in international responders the research team, led by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and funded by the Wellcome Trust, enrolled 300 UK and Ireland healthcare and other frontline workers¹ for the study and sent them oral fluid collection devices. Among the 268 respondents who returned their samples, 99% showed negative results on an antibody test which the authors had already proved gave very accurate results in Sierra Leone2. The remaining two people, who had no known exposure or symptoms, had positive results, but follow-up testing using different methods was negative, making Ebola virus infection very unlikely.The research team, led by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and funded by the Wellcome Trust, enrolled 300 UK and Ireland healthcare and other frontline workers¹ for the study and sent them oral fluid collection devices. Among the 268 respondents who returned their samples, 99% showed negative results on an antibody test which the authors had already proved gave very accurate results in Sierra Leone2. The remaining two people, who had no known exposure or symptoms, had positive results, but follow-up testing using different methods was negative, making Ebola virus infection very unlikely.
Lead author Dr Catherine Houlihan from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and UCL said: "The 2013-2015 Ebola outbreak was unprecedented -- the commitment and bravery of those who volunteered saved many lives. We know a small number of international health workers were infected with the virus but we thought it was possible that some infections had been missed, as we know asymptomatic or unrecognised infections can occur. However, our research suggests undetected infection in this group is, at most, a very rare event, and that the Personal Protective Equipment did its job well."
Participants, who included clinicians, laboratory workers and epidemiologists, also completed an online survey which asked if they experienced possible exposure to Ebola virus while in West Africa. Using 268 respondents' descriptions, 16% (43 people) were identified as having 'near miss' exposure events.
27 respondents reported experiencing very low-risk incidents³ such as having a facemask dislodged. Ten were identified as having low-risk exposure events which were classified as having direct physical contact with an Ebola patient who does not have vomiting, diarrhea, or bleeding. Five faced an intermediate risk incident with one respondent reporting 'being vomited on while wearing just gloves' and not full PPE, and one experienced the high-risk incident of a 'sharp injury with a broken vial of medication inside the 'red zone' with dirty and contaminated gloves'. The antibody tests showed that none of these individuals had any evidence of infection with Ebola.
Participants reported PPE suits torn by catching on doorways or corners, PPE breaches in Ebola laboratories, such as torn outer gloves, as well as the additional anxiety and distress these incidents caused them.
Dr Catherine Houlihan said: "The scale of the outbreak meant frontline workers faced demanding and draining circumstances. Participants have given crucial insights which provide valuable lessons for future Ebola outbreaks. Regular debriefing after work in the clinical red zone or laboratory, and blame-free reporting of near misses, should be part of routine practice in emergency treatment response work. Simple changes such as banning glass vials in the red zone could reduce the number of staff experiencing skin lacerations, and further testing of the robustness and fit of PPE suits, could potentially save health workers' lives in the future."
Participants, who were based mostly in Sierra Leone, were also asked whether they experienced fever or diarrhoea while in West Africa or within one month of their return, and if so whether they were tested for Ebola virus at the time. Despite symptoms in 21% (57/268) of the respondents, 70% were not tested, with those still in West Africa much less likely to receive a test -- 11 out of 17 who fell ill on their return were tested, but just one person out of 21 who fell ill in West Africa was tested.
Dr Houlihan said: "This study provides reassuring evidence about the lack of Ebola infection in individuals who had not previously been tested for the virus. However, the high proportion of health workers who didn't get tested when falling ill in West Africa, coupled with returnees' potential exposure to Ebola, are a concern. Although we don't know how many health workers reported being ill and were assessed to decide if they needed to be tested, protocols for the management of possible exposure to the virus, and for the management of illness, may need reviewing and to be standardised across organisations that deploy staff to outbreaks.
"Importantly, these protocols must be applicable to national as well as international staff. West African responders worked in large numbers from the early stages of the epidemic right through to its conclusion, and were undoubtedly at the highest risk. We must also ensure that every individual who works in these high-risk settings receives strong support and is thoroughly trained ahead of starting work, including on the use of PPE, how to reduce risk in and out of the red zone, and what to do if they think they have been exposed or if they become unwell."
The authors acknowledge limitations of the study including that not all returning responders were included and participants were not a random sample. It is therefore possible that those who knew of possible exposures, or who had had symptoms, were particularly keen to participate. Since these were the people who were most likely to have been infected, the absence of undiagnosed infections is reassuring.
Cite This Page: | Ugonjwa wa Ebola ambao haujagunduliwa ulikuwa nadra sana kwa wafanyakazi wa kimataifa waliotumika wakati wa mlipuko wa virusi vya Ebola huko Afrika Magharibi mnamo 2013-2015, licha ya visa vidogo vya ugonjwa huo ambavyo havikuwa na dalili, kulingana na utafiti mpya uliochapishwa katika jarida la PLOS Medicine. Zaidi ya wafanyakazi 250 wa huduma za afya nchini Uingereza na Ireland walichunguzwa kwa ajili ya antibodies ya virusi vya Ebola baada ya kurudi kutoka Afrika Magharibi, na hakuna ushahidi wa maambukizi yaliyopotezwa. Hii inaonyesha kwamba idadi kubwa ya wajitoleaji walihifadhiwa salama na vifaa vya kinga ya kibinafsi (PPE) na taratibu za kituo cha matibabu ya Ebola. Hata hivyo, utafiti huo pia uligundua kuwa matukio yanayoweza kuepukwa ambayo huweka wafanyakazi wa mstari wa mbele katika hatari ya maambukizi yalikuwa ya kawaida wakati wa mlipuko, na mmoja kati ya washiriki sita waliorodheshwa kuwa na matukio ya 'karibu kukosa' maambukizi. Katika utafiti wa kwanza wa kuenea kwa maambukizi ya Ebola kwa wagonjwa wa kimataifa, timu ya utafiti iliyoongozwa na Shule ya London ya Usafi na Tiba ya Tropiki na kufadhiliwa na Wellcome Trust, ilijiunga na wafanyakazi wa afya wa Uingereza na Ireland 300 na wafanyakazi wengine wa mstari wa mbele kwa utafiti huo na kuwapeleka vifaa vya kukusanya umajimaji wa mdomo. Kati ya wale waliopokea sampuli zao, asilimia 99 walikuwa na matokeo hasi ya mtihani wa kingamwili ambao tayari ulionyesha matokeo sahihi sana nchini Sierra Leone. Watu wawili waliobaki, ambao hawakuwa na dalili za ugonjwa huo, walipata matokeo mazuri, lakini uchunguzi wa kufuatilia kwa kutumia mbinu tofauti ulikuwa hasi, na kufanya maambukizi ya virusi vya Ebola kuwa ya uwezekano mdogo sana.Timu ya utafiti, iliyoongozwa na Shule ya London ya Usafi na Tiba ya Tropiki na kufadhiliwa na Wellcome Trust, ilijiunga na wafanyakazi 300 wa huduma za afya wa Uingereza na Ireland na wafanyakazi wengine wa mstari wa mbele kwa utafiti huo. Kati ya wale waliopokea sampuli zao, asilimia 99 walikuwa na matokeo hasi ya mtihani wa kingamwili ambao tayari ulionyesha matokeo sahihi sana nchini Sierra Leone. Watu wawili waliobaki ambao hawakuwa na dalili za ugonjwa huo walikuwa na matokeo mazuri, lakini uchunguzi uliofanywa kwa kutumia mbinu tofauti ulikuwa na matokeo mabaya, na hivyo kuifanya maambukizi ya virusi vya Ebola kuwa ya uwezekano mdogo. "Mwandishi mkuu wa utafiti huo, Dk Catherine Houlihan, kutoka Chuo cha London cha Usafi na Tiba ya Tropiki na UCL, alisema: ""Mlipuko wa Ebola wa 2013-2015 haukuwa na mfano - kujitolea na ujasiri wa wale waliojitolea kuokoa maisha mengi." """Tunajua idadi ndogo ya wafanyakazi wa afya wa kimataifa waliambukizwa virusi, lakini tulidhani inawezekana kuwa maambukizi fulani yalikuwa yamepuuzwa, kama tunavyojua maambukizi yasiyo na dalili au yasiyojulikana yanaweza kutokea." Hata hivyo, utafiti wetu unaonyesha maambukizi yasiyoonekana katika kundi hili ni, kwa kiwango kikubwa, tukio nadra sana, na kwamba vifaa vya kinga vya kibinafsi vilifanya kazi yao vizuri. Washiriki, ambao ni pamoja na madaktari, wafanyakazi wa maabara na wataalamu wa magonjwa ya kuambukiza, pia walijaza uchunguzi wa mtandaoni ambao uliuliza ikiwa walipata uwezekano wa kuambukizwa virusi vya Ebola wakati wa Afrika Magharibi. Kutumia maelezo ya waliohojiwa 268, 16% (watu 43) walitambuliwa kuwa na matukio ya mfiduo ya 'karibu-kupoteza'. Waandishi wa habari 27 waliripoti kuwa walipata ajali ya hatari ya chini sana, kama vile kuondolewa kwa kinyago cha uso. Katika kesi kumi, watu waliohusika walikuwa na hatari ya chini ya kuambukizwa na mgonjwa wa Ebola ambaye hakuwa na kutapika, kuhara au kutokwa na damu. "Wanafunzi watano walikabiliwa na tukio la hatari ya kati na mmoja wa waliohojiwa aliripoti ""kuchukuliwa wakati wa kuvaa kinga tu"" na sio PPE kamili, na mmoja alipata tukio la hatari ya ""kujeruhiwa kwa makali na vial ya dawa iliyovunjika ndani ya ""eneo nyekundu"" na kinga chafu na chafu." Uchunguzi wa viini vya kinga ulionyesha kwamba hakuna mtu yeyote kati ya watu hao aliyekuwa na dalili za maambukizi ya Ebola. Washiriki waliripoti suti za PPE zilizovunjika kwa kukamata milango au pembe, uvunjaji wa PPE katika maabara ya Ebola, kama vile glavu za nje zilizovunjika, na wasiwasi wa ziada na shida ambazo matukio haya yaliwasababisha. "Catherine Houlihan alisema: ""Ukubwa wa janga hilo ulimaanisha kwamba wafanyakazi wa mstari wa mbele walikabiliwa na hali ngumu na zenye kuchosha." Washiriki wametoa ufahamu muhimu ambao hutoa masomo yenye thamani kwa milipuko ya Ebola ya baadaye. Kujiuliza mara kwa mara baada ya kazi katika eneo nyekundu la kliniki au maabara, na kuripoti bila lawama ya karibu-misses, inapaswa kuwa sehemu ya mazoezi ya kawaida katika kazi ya majibu ya matibabu ya dharura. "Mabadiliko rahisi kama vile kupiga marufuku viwanja vya glasi katika eneo la nyekundu yanaweza kupunguza idadi ya wafanyakazi wanaopata majeraha ya ngozi, na upimaji zaidi wa nguvu na usahihi wa suti za PPE, unaweza kuokoa maisha ya wafanyikazi wa afya katika siku zijazo. """ Washiriki wa utafiti, ambao wengi wao walikuwa Sierra Leone, waliulizwa pia ikiwa walipata homa au kuhara wakati wa safari yao ya Afrika Magharibi au ndani ya mwezi mmoja baada ya kurudi, na ikiwa walikuwa wamejaribiwa virusi vya Ebola wakati huo. "Licha ya dalili katika 21% (5267%) ya waliohojiwa, 70% hawakujaribiwa, na wale ambao bado wako Afrika Magharibi wana uwezekano mdogo wa kupokea mtihani - 11 kati ya 17 waliopata ugonjwa wakati wa kurudi walijaribiwa, lakini mtu mmoja tu kati ya 21 waliopata ugonjwa huko Afrika Magharibi walijaribiwa. """ "Huiliani alisema: ""Utafiti huu hutoa ushahidi wa kuimarisha kuhusu ukosefu wa maambukizi ya Ebola kwa watu ambao hawajawahi kupimwa kwa virusi." Hata hivyo, idadi kubwa ya wafanyakazi wa afya ambao hawakufanyiwa uchunguzi walipokuwa wagonjwa katika Afrika Magharibi, pamoja na uwezekano wa kuambukizwa Ebola kwa wale waliorudi, ni jambo la wasiwasi. Ingawa hatujui ni wafanyakazi wangapi wa afya walioripoti kuwa wagonjwa na walichunguzwa ili kuamua ikiwa wanahitaji kupimwa, itifaki za usimamizi wa uwezekano wa kuambukizwa virusi, na kwa usimamizi wa ugonjwa, zinaweza kuhitaji kukaguliwa na kuwa sawa katika mashirika ambayo hutuma wafanyakazi kwenye milipuko. "Ni muhimu, itifaki hizi lazima zitumike kwa wafanyakazi wa kitaifa na wa kimataifa. "Wajibuji wa Afrika Magharibi walifanya kazi kwa idadi kubwa kutoka hatua za mapema za janga hadi mwisho wake, na bila shaka walikuwa katika hatari kubwa zaidi. """ """Tunapaswa pia kuhakikisha kwamba kila mtu anayefanya kazi katika mazingira haya ya hatari hupokea msaada mkubwa na ana mafunzo kamili kabla ya kuanza kazi, ikiwa ni pamoja na matumizi ya PPE, jinsi ya kupunguza hatari ndani na nje ya eneo la nyekundu, na nini cha kufanya ikiwa wanafikiri wamefunikwa au ikiwa wanakuwa wagonjwa." Watafiti pia wanakubali kuwa utafiti huo ulikuwa na mapungufu, ikiwa ni pamoja na kwamba sio washiriki wote waliorudi walihusishwa na washiriki hawakuwa sampuli ya nasibu. Kwa hiyo inawezekana kwamba wale ambao walijua ya uwezekano wa mfiduo, au ambao walikuwa na dalili, walikuwa hasa nia ya kushiriki. Kwa kuwa hawa ndio watu ambao walikuwa na uwezekano mkubwa wa kuambukizwa, kutokuwepo kwa maambukizi yasiyojulikana ni jambo lenye kutia moyo. Namba hii ya ukurasa: | <urn:uuid:eeeabc89-6319-44a5-a877-811e8fca030d> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170516143422.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Aquarium Lighting: Balancing Beauty and Practicality
Introduction: Aquarium lighting serves both as a design feature and a practical necessity. The soft internal glow of a lit aquarium adds a beautiful element to room decor, while the fish and live plants within require light for their growth. However, determining how much light fish and plants need and controlling that quantity can be a bit tricky.
How Much Light is Needed? In general, most aquariums require 10 to 12 hours of light per day (8 hours is a good starting point), provided by aquarium lights. However, the exact duration your aquarium lights need to be on each day depends on several factors:
- The quantity and type of live plants in the aquarium.
- How much ambient lighting already exists in the room.
- The types of fish in the aquarium.
- The level of algae in the aquarium.
- The light requirements of live aquatic plants.
The primary reason for supplementing aquarium lighting is to provide essential light for the photosynthesis of live aquatic plants. Similar to terrestrial plants, aquatic plants use light to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water, obtaining this light from ambient room light and supplemented aquarium lighting.
If your aquarium contains live plants, you may need to maximize the supplementary lighting time. Plants typically require up to 12 hours of light per day, but the exact duration depends on the aquarium setup and plant species. On the other hand, if your aquarium lacks live aquatic plants, your lighting requirements reduce to what is necessary for the fish.
It is generally recommended that aquatic plants in the aquarium match the type of fish you are keeping: tropical plants for tropical fish aquariums and temperate/coldwater plants for aquariums with coldwater species. The choice of lighting levels should also mimic the natural environment of the plants.
Room Ambient Lighting: Determining the length of time to run aquarium lights will depend on how much ambient light already exists in the room. Even if the room already has plenty of light, you still need to run aquarium lights every day, as ambient room lighting is usually indirect, and regardless of how much light already exists, you don't need to run aquarium lights for 12 hours.
During winter, when there is less natural light due to seasonal reasons, keeping aquarium lighting on for a longer duration is beneficial. This promotes better growth and healthier aquatic plants. As the days lengthen, the lighting time for the aquarium can be shortened.
Lighting Requirements for Different Fish Species: Regarding the fish themselves, aquarium lighting is more about you than them. While aquarium lighting allows you to see and appreciate the fish more easily, it generally doesn't have a significant impact on the fish. Most fish are accustomed to receiving more light than they would in their natural environment due to the nature of aquariums with four glass sides and relatively small size.
Some species, like angelfish and discus, thrive in lower light conditions. For these species, excessive supplemental aquarium lighting may have a negative impact.
When determining how much additional lighting is needed (if any), consider the conditions the species experienced in the wild. Tropical fish evolved in conditions where approximately 12 hours of light was available daily. Therefore, logically, an aquarium with tropical fish may need to combine ambient and aquarium lighting for about half a day.
On the other hand, coldwater species like goldfish, minnows, rice fish, and zebrafish come from temperate climates where daylight duration varies with the seasons. For these fish, you might want to change the light amount throughout the year to create a more natural environment, matching the lighting conditions they would experience in their native habitat.
Controlling Aquarium Lighting: The biggest obstacle to maintaining consistent lighting in an aquarium is that owners often find it challenging to turn the lights on and off at the same time every day. Fortunately, Seaoura's aquarium lights can address this issue. Set the on and off times to achieve the desired lighting duration. It is highly recommended for all aquarium owners to use a timer switch. | Akwariamu Taa: Balancing Beauty na Practicality Introduction: Akwariamu taa hutumika wote kama kipengele cha kubuni na uhitaji wa vitendo. Mwangaza laini wa ndani wa aquarium iliyoangazwa huongeza kipengele kizuri kwa mapambo ya chumba, wakati samaki na mimea hai ndani ya aquarium inahitaji mwanga kwa ukuaji wao. Hata hivyo, inaweza kuwa vigumu kujua samaki na mimea wanahitaji nuru ngapi na kudhibiti kiasi hicho. Nuru Ni Mengi Kadiri Gani? Kwa ujumla, aquariums nyingi zinahitaji masaa 10 hadi 12 ya mwanga kwa siku (masaa 8 ni hatua nzuri ya kuanza), inayotolewa na taa za aquarium. Hata hivyo, muda halisi wa taa za aquarium yako inahitaji kuwa juu ya kila siku inategemea mambo kadhaa: - Kiasi na aina ya mimea hai katika aquarium. - Ni kiasi gani cha taa ya mazingira tayari ipo katika chumba. - Aina za samaki katika aquarium. - Kiwango cha mwani katika aquarium. - mahitaji ya mwanga wa mimea ya majini hai. Sababu kuu ya kuongeza taa ya aquarium ni kutoa mwanga muhimu kwa ajili ya photosynthesis ya mimea ya majini hai. Kama vile mimea ya nchi kavu, mimea ya majini hutumia mwanga kutengeneza chakula kutoka kwa kaboni dioksidi na maji, na kupata mwanga huu kutoka kwa mwanga wa chumba cha karibu na taa ya akwariamu. Ikiwa aquarium yako ina mimea iliyo hai, huenda ukahitaji kuongeza wakati wa taa za ziada. Mimea ya kawaida inahitaji hadi masaa 12 ya mwanga kwa siku, lakini muda halisi hutegemea muundo wa aquarium na spishi za mimea. Kwa upande mwingine, ikiwa aquarium yako haina mimea ya majini iliyo hai, mahitaji yako ya taa hupungua hadi kile kinachohitajika kwa samaki. Kwa ujumla, ni bora kwamba mimea ya maji katika aquarium inalingana na aina ya samaki unaohifadhi: mimea ya kitropiki kwa aquariums ya samaki wa kitropiki na mimea ya maji baridi kwa aquariums na spishi za maji baridi. Uchaguzi wa viwango vya taa unapaswa pia kuiga mazingira ya asili ya mimea. Kwa mfano, kuamua muda wa kuendesha taa za aquarium inategemea kiasi cha mwanga wa mazingira katika chumba. Hata kama chumba tayari ina mwanga mwingi, bado unahitaji kuendesha taa za aquarium kila siku, kama taa za chumba cha mazingira ni kawaida zisizo za moja kwa moja, na bila kujali ni mwanga gani tayari, huna haja ya kuendesha taa za aquarium kwa masaa 12. Wakati wa majira ya baridi kali, wakati kuna mwanga mdogo wa asili kwa sababu za msimu, kuweka taa ya aquarium kwa muda mrefu ni muhimu. Hilo huchochea ukuzi bora na mimea ya majini kuwa na afya. Kadiri siku zinavyozidi kupanuka, ndivyo wakati wa kuangaza maji ya baharini unavyoweza kupunguzwa. Kwa mfano, kwa aina ya samaki, taa ya aquarium ni muhimu zaidi kwa ajili ya maisha ya samaki. Wakati taa ya aquarium inaruhusu wewe kuona na kufahamu samaki kwa urahisi zaidi, kwa ujumla haina athari kubwa kwa samaki. Samaki wengi wamezoea kupokea mwanga zaidi kuliko wangekuwa katika mazingira yao ya asili kutokana na asili ya aquariums na pande nne za kioo na ukubwa mdogo. Spishi fulani, kama vile samaki wa malaika na discus, hufaulu katika hali zenye mwangaza mdogo. Kwa spishi hizi, taa ya ziada ya ziada ya aquarium inaweza kuwa na athari mbaya. Unapochagua mwangaza wa ziada unaohitajiwa (ikiwa unahitajika), fikiria hali ambazo spishi hizo zilikuwa nazo porini. Samaki wa kitropiki waliishi katika mazingira yenye mwangaza wa saa 12 kila siku. Kwa hiyo, kwa sababu ya hali ya hewa, huenda ikawa lazima aquarium yenye samaki wa kitropiki iwe na taa za mazingira na za aquarium kwa muda wa nusu siku. Kwa upande mwingine, spishi za maji baridi kama vile samaki wa dhahabu, samaki wadogo, samaki wa mchele, na samaki wa zebra hutoka katika maeneo yenye hali ya hewa ya wastani ambapo muda wa mwangaza wa mchana hutofautiana kulingana na majira. Kwa samaki hawa, unaweza kubadilisha kiasi cha mwanga mwaka mzima ili kuunda mazingira ya asili zaidi, kulingana na hali ya mwanga ambao wangepata katika mazingira yao ya asili. Kwa sababu ya hali ya hewa, ni vigumu sana kuweka taa za aquarium wakati huo huo, na kwa sababu ya hali ya hewa, ni vigumu kuwasha taa za aquarium wakati huo huo. Kwa bahati nzuri, taa za Seaoura za kuhifadhi samaki za baharini zaweza kutatua tatizo hilo. Kuweka juu na mbali wakati ili kufikia muda wa taa taka. Inashauriwa sana kwa wamiliki wote wa akwari kutumia kubadili wakati. | <urn:uuid:c96b2586-469d-4d01-b610-2c9ab4e61b3c> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.seaouraofficial.com/fr/blogs/my-pet/aquarium-lighting-balancing-beauty-and-practicality | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Earlier this week, we mentioned that several schools in Ontario, Canada are experiencing a backlash from parents who are upset with the new sex ed curriculum. Thorncliffe Park Public School in Toronto, was forced to offer a “sanitized” version of the curriculum to first graders, as a way to stop parents from pulling their children out of class. And there has been push-back in other school districts as well.
Part of the problem? Parents feel the curriculum isn’t appropriate for young children. And many are uncomfortable with the idea of introducing the concept of pleasure into the classroom, versus simply using the more traditional, fear-driven approach to sex ed that primarily highlights the negative risks and consequences of being sexually active. In Ontario’s revised curriculum, lessons begin mentioning pleasure as early as seventh grade as a factor in making decisions related to sexual health.
Sexual health can be a slippery thing to define, and most early definitions didn’t even make any mention of pleasure. In 1975, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed and published its original definition of sexual health in order to move beyond the pathologization of sexuality. Still, their definition made no mention of pleasure, and neither did any of the definitions that followed from other organizations.
Then, in 2007, Planned Parenthood published a white paper on “The Health Benefits of Sexual Expression,” citing numerous studies on how sexuality is important to overall health. The benefits of pleasure, and the ways in which it is essential to overall health, appeared throughout the paper.
In 2008, the World Association for Sexual Health (WAS) published “Sexual Health for the Millennium: A Declaration and Technical Document.” In a companion piece, Terence H. Hull, Ph.D. writes that the WAS Declaration is “aimed at helping people overcome problems and attain a high degree of sexual health. … However, no less important for sexual health is the ability to attain sexual pleasure and satisfaction, which is recognized as a key element of overall well-being in the final statement of the declaration.”
Despite this, issues of pleasure continue to be contested within the varying definitions of sexual health that exist. Groups such as the American Sexual Health Association (ASHA) place pleasure front and center in the work that they do, with initiatives that focus on integrating the concept of pleasure into sexual health education. Planned Parenthood itself offers resources that make clear the health benefits of sexual pleasure.
As for the definition used in the glossary for the Ontario curriculum, it is one taken from the Public Health Agency of Canada’s guidelines for sexual health education. Here, sexuality is defined as “a term that encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy, and reproduction. Sexuality is experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles, and relationships. While sexuality can include all of these dimensions, not all of them are always experienced or expressed. Sexuality is influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, ethical, legal, historical, religious, and spiritual factors.”
The issue of whether or not pleasure as a concept belongs in our classrooms—or, for that matter, in definitions of sexual health—is not an issue that is likely to be settled anytime soon. But it will certainly be interesting to observe the effects of its inclusion in some of the new sex ed curricula that are being rolled out.
(image via Flickr) | Shule kadhaa nchini Canada, Ontario, zimepinga mpango wa elimu ya ngono. Shule ya umma ya Thorncliffe Park huko Toronto, ililazimika kutoa toleo la "sanitized" la mtaala kwa wanafunzi wa darasa la kwanza, kama njia ya kuzuia wazazi kutoka kuvuta watoto wao nje ya darasa. Na kumekuwa na kushinikiza nyuma katika wilaya nyingine za shule pia. Ni sehemu ya tatizo? Wazazi wanahisi kwamba mtaala huo haufai kwa watoto wadogo. "Wengi hawafurahii wazo la kuanzisha dhana ya ""furaha"" darasani, badala ya kutumia mbinu ya jadi ya ""hofu"" ya elimu ya ngono ambayo inasisitiza hatari mbaya na matokeo ya kuwa na ngono." Katika mtaala wa masomo uliorekebishwa wa Ontario, masomo huanza kutaja raha mapema katika darasa la saba kama sababu ya kufanya maamuzi yanayohusiana na afya ya kingono. Afya ya kingono inaweza kuwa kitu cha kuteleza kufafanua, na ufafanuzi wengi wa mapema hata hakuwa na kutaja yoyote ya furaha. Mwaka 1975, Shirika la Afya Duniani (WHO) lilitengeneza na kuchapisha ufafanuzi wake wa awali wa afya ya kingono ili kuhamia zaidi ya pathologization ya ngono. Hata hivyo, ufafanuzi wao haukutaja raha, wala ufafanuzi wowote uliofuata kutoka kwa mashirika mengine haukutaja raha. "Mwaka 2007, Planned Parenthood ilitoa ripoti inayoitwa ""The Health Benefits of Sexual Expression"" ambayo ilitaja utafiti wa kina kuhusu jinsi ngono inavyoweza kuwa muhimu kwa afya ya jumla." Faida za raha, na njia ambazo ni muhimu kwa afya ya jumla, zilionekana katika karatasi nzima. "Mwaka 2008, Shirika la Afya ya Jinsia la Dunia (WASH) lilichapisha ""Sexual Health for the Millennium: A Declaration and Technical Document"" (Usalama wa Jinsia kwa Milenia: Azimio na Hati ya Ufundi) na katika sehemu ya mwenzake, Terence H. Hull, Ph.D. anaandika kwamba Azimio la WAS ""linalenga kusaidia watu kushinda matatizo na kufikia kiwango cha juu cha afya ya kijinsia.""" Hata hivyo, muhimu kwa afya ya kingono ni uwezo wa kufikia furaha ya kingono na kuridhika, ambayo ni kutambuliwa kama kipengele muhimu cha jumla ya ustawi katika taarifa ya mwisho ya tamko. <unk> Licha ya hili, masuala ya furaha kuendelea kupingwa ndani ya ufafanuzi tofauti ya afya ya kingono ambayo ipo. Mashirika kama vile American Sexual Health Association (ASHA) huweka furaha mbele na katikati katika kazi wanayofanya, na mipango ambayo inazingatia kuunganisha dhana ya furaha katika elimu ya afya ya kijinsia. Shirika la Planned Parenthood lenyewe hutoa rasilimali zinazoonyesha wazi manufaa ya afya ya raha ya kingono. Kuhusu ufafanuzi unaotumiwa katika kamusi ya mtaala wa Ontario, ni moja iliyochukuliwa kutoka kwa miongozo ya Shirika la Afya ya Umma la Canada kwa elimu ya afya ya kingono. Hapa, ngono hufafanuliwa kama <unk> neno linalojumuisha ngono, utambulisho wa kijinsia na majukumu, mwelekeo wa kijinsia, eroticism, raha, urafiki, na uzazi. Ngono ni uzoefu na kuonyeshwa katika mawazo, fantasies, matakwa, imani, mitazamo, maadili, tabia, mazoea, majukumu, na mahusiano. Ingawa ngono yaweza kutia ndani mambo hayo yote, si yote ambayo huonyeshwa au kuonyeshwa sikuzote. "Ujinsia huathiriwa na mwingiliano wa mambo ya kibiolojia, kisaikolojia, kijamii, kiuchumi, kisiasa, kitamaduni, maadili, kisheria, kihistoria, kidini, na kiroho.""Swali la kama furaha kama dhana inapaswa kuwa katika madarasa yetu au, kwa jambo hilo, katika ufafanuzi wa afya ya kijinsia"" si suala ambalo linaweza kusuluhishwa wakati wowote hivi karibuni." Lakini ni muhimu kuona athari za kuingizwa kwa masomo ya ngono katika masomo ya sasa. (Picha kupitia Flickr) | <urn:uuid:c9e4aec7-894a-42b4-896f-d613cfb87f46> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.sexedcenter.org/does-pleasure-have-a-place-in-sex-ed-curricula/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
BUSINESS READINESS & SOCIAL ETIQUETTE
The fish fork is used during a fish course. It usually has a wide left tine with a notch in it. The design makes it easier for the fork to fit over fish bones.
The dinner fork is used to eat the main course at all formal and informal meals. It is positioned directly to the left of the plate.
The American-size dinner fork, is approximately ½ inch shorter than the Continental/ European size.
The salad fork is usually smaller than a dinner fork. It has tines (tips) that are flatter and slightly broader than those of a dinner fork.
The salad fork is used in formal and informal dining. It may also be used for appetizer courses other than seafood.
Cocktail fork aka seafood forks, have three-prongs. It is used when eating seafood served in a shell. It is usually placed to the right of the soup spoon. However, the fork can be placed tines down in the bowl of the soup spoon, handle angled to the right.
The cake/dessert fork is used during the dessert course. It is positioned horizontally above the main plate.
Oyster fork has three short, curved tines; the left tine is extra wide. You should hold the shell with your fingers and the fork is held in the other hand. Oyster forks are not used in formal dining.
The snail fork has two long pointed tines. In formal dining, snails are prepared without shells. In informal dining, snails are usually served in shells. When eating snails, use a metal tongs to steady the shell and the snail fork to extract the snail.
The lobster fork has long narrow tines. A lobster fork may have two long tines which end in hooks or with a long, narrow center tine and two hooked tines on either side.
The dinner knife is the longest knife at a place setting.
When setting the table, the dinner knife should be directly (no more than one inch from) to the right of the plate. The blade should face the plate.
The knife should be held in one’s right hand. Your index finger should extend on the top of the blade, while your thumb rests on the side of the knife.
A salad knife (which may be slightly smaller than the dinner knife) is located to the right of the dinner knife and should only be used when eating your salad course.
Fish knives vary in size. The fish knife is never used to cut food. Its wide dull edge blade and notched point tip is used to separate and lift the bones and skin of fish onto the plate to make eating fish easier.
The butter knife, also called a spreader, is the smallest knife in a set of flatware. The tip of the butter knife is rounded and some are slightly wider at the tip.
Iced tea spoons have long handles so that they may be easily used with tall glasses.
The spoon is used with ice cream floats or any drink or food that is served in a tall glass.
The bouillon spoon bowl is smaller and the handle is shorter than a cream spoon. The bouillon spoon is traditionally used at luncheons.
Bouillon: Broth is made by stewing meat, fish, or vegetables.
The oval soup spoon should be used when eating soup with meat, vegetables, grains, and pasta. It is about the size of a tablespoon, only the bowl is a little smaller and the handle is shorter. The oval soup spoon is used differently in formal and informal dining.
A demitasse spoon is smaller than a teaspoon. The demitasse spoon is used exclusively with espresso cups. Espresso cups are half the size of an average coffee cup.
ICE CREAM SPOON
The ice cream spoon is rarely seen in most homes. It is designed specifically for eating ice cream. The spoon's blunt tip makes it easier to scoop hard ice cream.
The grapefruit spoon has a serrated tip and sharp edges.
It is usually the size of a teaspoon. The tip and sharp edge make it easier to pull the fruit away from the pith and rind.
The grapefruit spoon may be used with other citrus (citron, lemon, lime and orange). | Utayari wa Biashara na Maadili ya Jamii Fork ya samaki hutumiwa wakati wa kozi ya samaki. Kwa kawaida huwa na kidole kirefu cha kushoto chenye sehemu iliyochongoka. Muundo huo hufanya iwe rahisi kwa uma huo kuingizwa juu ya mifupa ya samaki. Forka ya chakula cha jioni hutumiwa kula sahani kuu katika mlo wote rasmi na usio rasmi. Ni nafasi moja kwa moja upande wa kushoto wa sahani. Kwa mfano, fork ya chakula cha jioni ya ukubwa wa Amerika ni ndogo zaidi ya inchi moja na nusu kuliko ile ya Ulaya. Kwa kawaida uma wa saladi ni mdogo kuliko uma wa chakula cha jioni. Ina miiba (mashimo) ambayo ni tambarare na pana kidogo kuliko ile ya uma wa chakula cha jioni. Fimbo ya saladi hutumiwa katika chakula cha jioni cha kawaida na kisicho cha kawaida. Inaweza pia kutumika kwa ajili ya vyakula appetizer nyingine kuliko samaki. Forka ya cocktail au forka ya vyakula vya baharini, ina pembe tatu. Inatumiwa wakati wa kula vyakula vya baharini vinavyotumiwa katika ganda. Kwa kawaida huwekwa upande wa kulia wa kijiko cha supu. Hata hivyo, uma unaweza kuwekwa tines chini katika bakuli la kijiko cha supu, kushughulikia angled kulia. Keki- dessert fork ni kutumika wakati wa dessert kozi. Ni nafasi ya usawa juu ya sahani kuu. Fimbo ya Oyster ina vidole vitatu vifupi, vilivyojipinda; kidole cha kushoto ni kirefu zaidi. Unapaswa kushikilia ganda kwa vidole vyako na uma unashikiliwa katika mkono mwingine. Vipande vya makapi havitumiwi katika mlo rasmi. Fimbo ya konokono ina miiba miwili mirefu yenye ncha. Katika mlo wa kawaida, konokono hutengenezwa bila magamba. Katika vyakula visivyo vya kawaida, kwa kawaida konokono hutumika katika makombora. Unapokula konokono, tumia vijiti vya chuma ili kuimarisha ganda na uma wa konokono ili kuondoa konokono. Fimbo ya kamba-mti ina miiba mirefu nyembamba. Forka ya kamba-mti inaweza kuwa na miiba miwili mirefu ambayo huishia katika ndoano au na ndefu, nyembamba katikati tine na miiba miwili hooked pande zote mbili. Kisu cha chakula cha jioni ndicho kisu kirefu zaidi katika mahali pa kupikia. Unapoweka meza, kisu cha chakula cha jioni kinapaswa kuwa moja kwa moja (si zaidi ya inchi moja kutoka) upande wa kulia wa sahani. Upanga unapaswa kukabili sahani. Kisu kinapaswa kushikiliwa katika mkono wa kulia. Kidole chako cha kiashiria kinapaswa kupanuka juu ya upanga, huku kidole chako kikitegemea upande wa kisu. Kisu cha saladi (kile ambacho kinaweza kuwa kidogo kidogo kuliko kisu cha chakula cha jioni) kiko upande wa kulia wa kisu cha chakula cha jioni na kinapaswa kutumika tu wakati wa kula sahani yako ya saladi. Kisu cha samaki hutofautiana kwa ukubwa. Kisu cha samaki hakitumiwi kamwe kukata chakula. Kamba yake pana na yenye ncha ya kijivu na ncha ya ncha yenye ncha ya kijivu hutumiwa kutenganisha na kuinua mifupa na ngozi ya samaki kwenye sahani ili kufanya kula samaki iwe rahisi. Kisu cha siagi, kinachoitwa pia kipanuaji, ndicho kisu kidogo zaidi katika seti ya vyombo vya chakula. Ncha ya kisu cha siagi ni ya mviringo na baadhi ni pana kidogo kwenye ncha. Vijiko vya chai ya barafu vina mikono mirefu ili viweze kutumiwa kwa urahisi pamoja na glasi ndefu. Keki hutumiwa pamoja na aiskrimu au kinywaji au chakula chochote kinachotumiwa katika glasi ndefu. Kikombe cha kijiko cha mchuzi ni kidogo na kiganja ni kifupi kuliko kijiko cha cream. Kwa kawaida, kijiko cha mchuzi hutumiwa wakati wa chakula cha mchana. Mchuzi: Mchuzi hutengenezwa kwa kuchemsha nyama, samaki, au mboga. Keki ya mchuzi yenye umbo la mviringo inapaswa kutumiwa unapokula mchuzi pamoja na nyama, mboga, nafaka, na pasta. Ni karibu na ukubwa wa kijiko cha mlo, tu bakuli ni kidogo ndogo na kushughulikia ni fupi. Keki ya mchuzi ya umbo la mviringo hutumiwa kwa njia tofauti katika chakula cha jioni cha kawaida na kisicho cha kawaida. Keki ya demitasse ni ndogo kuliko kijiko cha chai. Keki ya demitasse hutumiwa tu kwa vikombe vya espresso. Kikombe cha espresso ni nusu ya ukubwa wa kikombe cha kahawa cha kawaida. KIKOLA CHANGU KILI CHANGU KIKOLA KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI KILI Imeundwa hasa kwa ajili ya kula aiskrimu. Ncha nyembamba ya kijiko hicho hufanya iwe rahisi kukusanya aiskrimu ngumu. Keki ya zabibu ina ncha yenye miiba na kingo kali. Kwa kawaida ni kubwa kama kijiko cha chai. Ncha na ukingo mkali hufanya iwe rahisi kuvuta matunda mbali na kiini na ganda. Keki ya matunda ya zabibu inaweza kutumika na machungwa mengine (chungwa, ndimu, limao na machungwa). | <urn:uuid:7988f093-6b25-40b2-984d-b680fbe72445> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.shances.com/flatware-fork-knife | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Link to article: http://bit.ly/IaoYVN
Written by: Megan Ogilvie
Brampton, parts of Mississauga, Etobicoke, Rexdale and Scarborough have some of the highest rates in the province — with the exception of First Nations communities, where as many as one in three people have diabetes.
The report released Tuesday by the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), for the first time maps diabetes rates cross Ontario. It also plots rates of diabetes complications, painting a picture of who in the province is more likely to receive help in managing their disease.
Previous reports have shown some communities in the GTA have higher than average rates of diabetes. But the new data reveals rates in several areas are even higher than some experts anticipated.
In Brampton, Malton and Rexdale, for example, between 12 and 22 of every 100 adults have diabetes. The provincial average is about 9 cases for every 100 adults.
“It’s definitely an increase from previous numbers,” Dr. Sanjeev Goel, the diabetes primary care lead for the Central West Local Health Integration Network, said of the rates in Brampton, Malton and Rexdale. “It is surprising they are that high. That means, in some parts of those communities, one in five people have diabetes.”
The goal of the ICES study is to provide a baseline look at patterns of diabetes in Ontario to help policy makers and healthcare practitioners better target diabetes prevention and management strategies to communities that need them most.
Although the data in the report did not differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the majority of people with diabetes — about 90 to 95 per cent — are thought to have type 2, said the study’s lead author, Dr. Gillian Booth, an adjunct scientist at ICES and a scientist at the Centre for Research on Inner City Health at St. Michael’s Hospital.
Type 1 diabetes, which most often appears when the patient is a child or teenagers, should not be confused with type 2 diabetes, in which the body does not produce enough insulin or uses insulin efficiently. Type 2 diabetes, which is closely tied to obesity, is a chronic disease that comes with myriad health complications, including stroke, heart disease, blindness and kidney disease.
Experts say the soaring rate of type 2 diabetes in Ontario — and across much of the world — is due in part to an aging population and to rising rates of obesity, spurred on by unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles.
But socioeconomic status and ethnic background also play a part in who will get diabetes and who is at risk for developing the disease.
Booth said diabetes is more common in certain ethnic groups, including people of Aboriginal, South Asian, African and Hispanic descent. These groups are more likely to get type 2 diabetes — and at an earlier age — due to a variety of genetic factors, including a propensity to gain weight and the likelihood that extra body fat will induce insulin resistance.
Booth said the pattern revealed by the report fits with where these at-risk communities live in the province.
“There is more ethnic diversity in the GTA, so we do see higher rates of diabetes as well,” she said. “Amongst recent immigrants, South Asians have among the highest rates of diabetes. We do see communities around the GTA, such as Brampton and Mississauga, having high rates of diabetes where we know a lot of South Asian immigrants are settling.”
Zacky Ahsan, 58, has had type 2 diabetes for 13 years. The Brampton resident of South Asian descent admits he did not manage his diabetes as well as he could after his diagnosis. In April 2011, Ahsan suffered a diabetes-related stroke and spent two months recovering in hospital.
“I learned my lesson,” said Ahsan, who immediately quit smoking and is now vigilant in monitoring his blood-sugar levels, taking his medications and keeping to an appropriate diet. He also volunteers with the Canadian Diabetes Association to educate as many people as possible in his community about ways to manage the disease to prevent complications.
“The majority of people are not aware of what will happen,” he said. “This is the only disease that affects the whole body — the renal system, the pancreas, the eyes, the limbs.”
Mimi Lowi-Young, CEO for the Central West Local Health Integration Network (LHIN), said the LHIN has known about the high rates of diabetes within its boundaries since being alerted by the 2006 Canada Census.
“We know we’ve got a very fast-growing population, especially of the South Asian population; we also have an aging population and we have a population who has increased obesity,” she said. “You put that all together and those are some of the factors that cause us to have a higher rate of diabetes.”
To help the thousands of residents with diabetes, the LHIN has 11 diabetes education programs scattered across the region and has opened a Centre for Complex Diabetes Care at Brampton Civic Hospital, which Lowi-Young said provides individuals with diabetes “a single point of access to help slow the process of their disease.”
• More than two-thirds of Ontarians with diabetes live in major urban centres.
• In northern and rural First Nations communities, diabetes prevalence among adults is as high as 32 per cent.
• Rates of chronic complications of diabetes, which include end-stage kidney disease, amputation and cardiovascular problems, were highest in northern Ontario and in rural areas in southern parts of the province. Rates for those communities were about three times higher than in urban areas.
• Rates of acute complications, which include severe high or low blood sugar levels, varied four-fold across the province. Rates for these complications were highest in smaller, rural communities in southern and northern areas of Ontario.
• People in urban areas had greatest access to diabetes programs and services.
• More than half of Ontarians with diabetes had an additional chronic medical condition. | "Miongoni mwa maeneo ya ""mwenyeji wa kwanza"" wa jimbo la Mississippi, sehemu za Mississauga, Etobicoke, Rexdale na Scarborough zina viwango vya juu zaidi katika jimbo hilo, isipokuwa jamii za First Nations, ambapo mtu mmoja kati ya watu watatu ana ugonjwa wa kisukari." Ripoti hiyo iliyotolewa na Taasisi ya Sayansi ya Tathmini ya Kliniki (ICES) kwa mara ya kwanza inaonyesha viwango vya ugonjwa wa kisukari katika Ontario. Pia huonyesha viwango vya matatizo ya kisukari, na kuonyesha ni nani katika jimbo hilo anayepaswa kupokea msaada zaidi katika kudhibiti ugonjwa wao. Ripoti za awali zinaonyesha kuwa baadhi ya jamii katika GTA zina viwango vya juu zaidi ya wastani wa kisukari. Lakini takwimu mpya zinaonyesha viwango katika maeneo kadhaa ni hata juu kuliko baadhi ya wataalamu walivyotarajia. Kwa mfano, katika maeneo ya Brampton, Malton na Rexdale, kati ya watu 12 na 22 kati ya watu 100 wazima wana ugonjwa wa kisukari. Kiwango cha wastani cha mkoa ni karibu visa tisa kwa kila watu wazima 100. "Ni ongezeko la idadi ya watu walioambukizwa na ugonjwa wa kisukari,"" alisema Daktari Sanjeev Goel, kiongozi wa huduma ya msingi ya ugonjwa wa kisukari katika mtandao wa afya wa eneo la Central West, kuhusu viwango vya ugonjwa huo huko Brampton, Malton na Rexdale." <unk>Inashangaza kwamba ni za juu sana. "Hii inamaanisha kwamba katika sehemu fulani za jamii hizo, mtu mmoja kati ya watano ana ugonjwa wa kisukari. ""Lengo la utafiti wa ICES ni kutoa mtazamo wa msingi juu ya mifumo ya ugonjwa wa kisukari huko Ontario kusaidia watunga sera na watendaji wa huduma za afya kulenga vizuri mikakati ya kuzuia na kusimamia ugonjwa wa kisukari kwa jamii ambazo zinahitaji zaidi." "Hata hivyo, utafiti huo haujatofautisha kati ya aina ya 1 na aina ya 2 ya kisukari, lakini ""inadhaniwa kuwa asilimia 90 hadi 95 ya watu wenye kisukari wana ugonjwa wa aina ya 2,"" alisema mwandishi mkuu wa utafiti huo, Dk Gillian Booth, mwanasayansi msaidizi katika ICES na mwanasayansi katika Kituo cha Utafiti wa Afya ya Jiji la Ndani katika Hospitali ya St. Michael." Ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 1 ambao mara nyingi huonekana wakati mgonjwa ni mtoto au kijana haupaswi kuchanganyikiwa na ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2, ambapo mwili hauwezi kutengeneza insulini ya kutosha au kutumia insulini kwa ufanisi. Ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2 unaohusiana sana na unene wa mwili, ni ugonjwa wa kudumu ambao unakuja na matatizo mengi ya afya, ikiwa ni pamoja na kiharusi, ugonjwa wa moyo, upofu na ugonjwa wa figo. Wataalamu wanasema kuongezeka kwa kiwango cha kisukari cha aina ya 2 katika Ontario na sehemu kubwa ya ulimwengu kwa sehemu ni kwa sababu ya idadi ya watu wanaozeeka na kuongezeka kwa viwango vya unene wa kupita kiasi, vinachochochewa na tabia mbaya za kula na mtindo wa maisha wa kukaa. Hali ya kijamii na kiuchumi pia huamua ni nani atakayekuwa na ugonjwa wa kisukari. Booth alisema ugonjwa wa kisukari ni wa kawaida zaidi katika vikundi fulani vya kikabila, ikiwa ni pamoja na watu wa asili ya Australia, Asia Kusini, Afrika na Hispania. Watu wa aina hii wana uwezekano mkubwa wa kupata ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2 na katika umri wa mapema kwa sababu ya sababu mbalimbali za maumbile, ikiwa ni pamoja na mwelekeo wa kupata uzito na uwezekano wa mafuta ya ziada ya mwili kusababisha upinzani wa insulini. Booth alisema muundo uliofunuliwa na ripoti hiyo unalingana na mahali ambapo jamii hizi zilizo hatarini huishi katika jimbo hilo. "Kuna utofauti zaidi wa kikabila katika GTA, kwa hivyo tunaona viwango vya juu vya kisukari pia", alisema. <unk>Miongoni mwa wahamiaji wa hivi karibuni, watu wa Asia Kusini wana viwango vya juu zaidi vya ugonjwa wa kisukari. "Watu wengi wa eneo la Brampton na Mississauga, ambao ni maeneo ya karibu na mji mkuu wa Australia, wana ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2 ambao ni ""kiwango cha juu cha ugonjwa wa kisukari"" na ambao wanaishi katika maeneo ya karibu na mji mkuu wa Australia, na ambao ni watu wa aina ya 2." Mmoja wa wakazi wa Brampton wa asili ya Asia Kusini anakiri kwamba hakuweza kusimamia ugonjwa wake wa kisukari kama alivyoweza baada ya kugunduliwa. Mnamo Aprili 2011, Ahsan alipata kiharusi kilichohusiana na ugonjwa wa kisukari na alitumia miezi miwili katika hospitali kupona. "Nilijifunza somo langu", akasema Ahsan, ambaye aliacha kuvuta sigareti mara moja na sasa ni mwangalifu katika kudhibiti viwango vyake vya sukari ya damu, kuchukua dawa zake na kudumisha lishe inayofaa. Yeye pia ni msaidizi wa shirika la Canadian Diabetes Association, ambalo linatoa mafunzo kwa watu wengi wa Canada kuhusu jinsi ya kuzuia ugonjwa wa kisukari. "Watu wengi hawajui nini kitakuwa", alisema. "Mimi Lowy-Young, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Mtandao wa Ujumuishaji wa Afya wa Mitaa wa Magharibi ya Kati (LHIN), alisema LHIN imekuwa ikijua juu ya viwango vya juu vya kisukari ndani ya mipaka yake tangu kuonyeshwa na Sensa ya Kanada ya 2006.""" "Tunajua tuna idadi ya watu inayokua haraka sana, haswa ya idadi ya watu wa Asia Kusini; pia tuna idadi ya watu wanazeeka na tuna idadi ya watu ambao wameongezeka uzani", alisema. "Lakini, kwa sababu ya idadi kubwa ya watu wenye ugonjwa wa kisukari, LHIN ina programu 11 za elimu ya kisukari katika eneo hilo na imefungua Kituo cha Huduma ya Kisukari katika Hospitali ya Brampton, ambayo Lowy-Young alisema hutoa watu wenye kisukari ""mahali pa moja ya ufikiaji kusaidia kupunguza mchakato wa ugonjwa wao.""" Katika maeneo ya kaskazini na vijijini ya nchi za asili, idadi ya watu wazima wenye ugonjwa wa kisukari ni 32%. Kiwango cha matatizo ya kisukari, ambayo ni pamoja na ugonjwa wa figo katika hatua ya mwisho, amputation na matatizo ya moyo na mishipa, ilikuwa ya juu zaidi kaskazini mwa Ontario na katika maeneo ya vijijini katika sehemu za kusini za mkoa. Kwa ujumla, viwango vya maambukizi katika maeneo hayo ni mara tatu zaidi ya maeneo ya mijini. • Viwango vya matatizo makali, ambayo ni pamoja na viwango vya juu au vya chini vya sukari ya damu, vilitofautiana mara nne katika jimbo hilo. Idadi ya watu walioathiriwa na ugonjwa huo ilikuwa kubwa zaidi katika maeneo ya mashambani ya Ontario. • Watu katika maeneo ya mijini walikuwa na upatikanaji mkubwa wa programu na huduma za kisukari. • Zaidi ya nusu ya watu wa Ontario walio na ugonjwa wa kisukari walikuwa na hali nyingine ya ugonjwa wa kudumu. | <urn:uuid:1b39bfef-e070-4c92-a682-5e7271a2aad1> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.smartshape.ca/blog/new-map-reveals-diabetes-hot-spots-in-the-gta/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Volcanism on the seafloor may account for >75% of all global volcanic activity. As we continue to increase exploration of the seafloor, we learn more about volcanic activity miles below the ocean's surface and the make-up of the oceanic crust.
Samuel's research aims to understand how submarine eruptions differ from those on land, and how deep volcanic activity can still have impacts at or near the surface.
Eruption dynamics and submarine clast cooling
Microtextures of volcanic rocks (glass, crystals and vesicles) can be used to interpret styles and intensity of volcanic eruptions on the seafloor. Measurements of hydroxyl (OH) in volcanic glass can be used to identify clast quenching conditions (pressure and temperature) as shown within previous research.
Vesicle and microlite size distributions and number densities have been used to interpret shallow conduit conditions, magmatic decompression, and how large pumice blocks are produced during submarine eruptions. A recent study also compared tube and spherical vesicles in pumice to assess strain conditions within a submarine volcanic conduit.
Other research has focused on fragmentation mechanisms of the 2012 eruption of the Havre submarine volcano, showing how pumice is produced in a "non-explosive" style as magma had insufficient cumulative strain or viscosity to result in magmatic fragmentation.
Secondary hyrdation of volcanic glass
Measurements of H2O in volcanic matrix glasses and melt inclusions are commonly used to interpret magma storage depths, magma ascent rates, processes within the shallow conduit, and clast quenching. However, these geochemical records can be altered by diffusion of external water into glass over a range of timescales and temperatures.
Previous research used H2O speciation (molecular H2O and OH), acquired by FTIR spectroscopy, to show how rapid rehydration can be identified in submarine glasses. High molecular-H2O/OH ratios can be used as a proxy for rehydrated glasses, and H2O diffusion profiles can be used to determine likely timescales of rehydration if quenching temperatures are known.
However, H2O speciation does not identify the source of rehydration, so we must rely on isotopic measurements of H and O in glass. More recent research (in revision) uses D/H measurements to identify multiple sources of H2O within submarine glasses from a variety of ages, eruptive styles and depths. Measurements of 18O/16O from silicate, and water in glass, can be used as a geo-thermometer to identify likely temperatures of rehydration.
Why do pumice sink or float in water?
Research currently in review compares clasts within oceanic pumice rafts with clasts taken from the seafloor produced by the same eruption. Subtle difference in microtextural properties (vesicle connectivity, pore throat diameters, and vesicle number densities) ultimately control how gas may become trapped within pore space in pumice.
Previous research by colleagues demonstrated experimentally that large volumes of gas can be trapped within high porosity pumice. The connectivity of pore space also controls how water in ingested into pumice and how vapor may escape during submarine pyroclast cooling.
Future research will aim to constrain how submarine clast textures may be identifiable from subaerial pumice microtextures, which helps with identifying paleoenvironments in ancient pyroclastic sequences. | Volcanoes katika bahari inaweza kuwa na jukumu kubwa zaidi ya 75% ya shughuli zote za volkano duniani. Kwa kuongezeka kwa uchunguzi wa bahari, tunajifunza zaidi juu ya shughuli za volkano maili chini ya uso wa bahari na muundo wa ganda la bahari. Utafiti wa Samuel unakusudia kuelewa jinsi milipuko ya chini ya maji inatofautiana na ile ya nchi kavu, na jinsi shughuli za volkano za kina kina vinavyoweza kuwa na athari kwenye au karibu na uso. Microtextures ya miamba ya volkano (kioo, fuwele na vesicles) inaweza kutumika kutafsiri mitindo na nguvu ya milipuko ya volkano juu ya sakafu ya bahari. Vipimo vya hydroxyl (OH) katika kioo volkano inaweza kutumika kutambua hali clast quenching ( shinikizo na joto) kama inavyoonyeshwa katika utafiti wa awali. Ugawaji wa ukubwa wa vesicle na microlite na wiani wa idadi zimetumika kutafsiri hali ya mifereji ya chini, decompression ya magmatic, na jinsi vitalu vikubwa vya pumice vinazalishwa wakati wa milipuko ya chini ya maji. Utafiti wa hivi karibuni pia ulilinganisha vifuniko vya bomba na vya mviringo katika mawe ya pumice ili kutathmini hali ya mvutano ndani ya mfereji wa volkano ya chini ya maji. Utafiti mwingine umezingatia utaratibu wa kugawanyika kwa milipuko ya 2012 ya volkano ya chini ya maji ya Havre, ikionyesha jinsi pumice inavyotengenezwa kwa mtindo wa "si-mlipuko" kwani magma haikuwa na mvutano wa kutosha au viscosity kusababisha kugawanyika kwa magmatic. H2O katika glasi za matrix ya volkano na inclusions ya kuyeyuka hutumiwa kwa kawaida kutafsiri magma ya kuhifadhi kina, magma viwango vya kupanda, michakato ndani ya mfereji wa chini, na clast quenching. Hata hivyo, rekodi hizi za kijiokemia zinaweza kubadilishwa na kuenea kwa maji ya nje ndani ya kioo kwa muda na joto. Utafiti wa awali ulitumia H2O speciation (molekuli ya H2O na OH) iliyopatikana na spectroscopy ya FTIR kuonyesha jinsi rehydration ya haraka inaweza kutambuliwa katika glasi za chini ya maji. Kiwango cha juu cha molekuli ya H2O inaweza kutumika kama proxy kwa glasi rehydrated, na maelezo ya kuenea ya H2O inaweza kutumika kuamua muda wa uwezekano wa rehydration kama joto la kuzima linajulikana. Hata hivyo, H2O speciation haijui chanzo cha rehydration, hivyo ni lazima kutegemea vipimo isotopic ya H na O katika kioo. Utafiti wa hivi karibuni (katika marekebisho) hutumia vipimo vya DH kutambua vyanzo vingi vya H2O ndani ya glasi za chini ya maji kutoka umri mbalimbali, mitindo ya mlipuko na kina. Kwa mfano, kipimo cha 18O16O kutoka kwa silicate na maji katika kioo inaweza kutumika kama thermometer ya kijiografia ili kutambua joto la uwezekano wa rehydration. Kwa nini mawe ya pumice huanguka au kuelea majini? Utafiti unaofanyiwa sasa unalinganisha vipande vya ndani vya miamba ya pumu ya baharini na vipande vilivyotokana na sakafu ya bahari vilivyotokezwa na mlipuko huohuo. Tofauti ndogo katika mali ya microtextural (kuunganisha vesicle, pore koo kipenyo, na vesicle idadi wiani) hatimaye kudhibiti jinsi gesi inaweza kuwa wamekamatwa ndani ya nafasi pore katika pumice. Utafiti wa awali uliofanywa na wenzake ulionyesha kwa majaribio kwamba kiasi kikubwa cha gesi kinaweza kukamatwa ndani ya mawe yenye umbo la mviringo. Uunganisho wa nafasi ya pore pia udhibiti jinsi maji katika kumeza katika pumice na jinsi mvuke inaweza kutoroka wakati wa submarine pyroclast baridi. Utafiti wa baadaye utahusisha jinsi textures ya clast ya chini ya maji inaweza kutambuliwa kutoka kwa microtextures ya pumice ya chini ya hewa, ambayo husaidia kutambua paleoenvironments katika mfululizo wa zamani wa pyroclastic. | <urn:uuid:143fe043-ea81-4bba-b02e-6b1e44f8e23a> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.smitchellscience.com/research-submarine-volcanism | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Top 5 food preservatives and their side effects
by Jes @SnackFirst on Apr 20, 2017
Food preservatives are necessary to prevent food from getting spoiled easily and also to increase the shelf life. It is more important to Singapore because we depend so much of our food from imports and a longer shelf life is beneficial for us.
However, that does not necessary mean they are good for our health. We will take a look at some common food preservatives:
1) Sodium Nitrite and Nitrate
Commonly seen: In sausages, bacon and other processed meat to prevent them from turning grey
When cooked at high temperature, sodium nitrite and nitrate can produce carcinogens, meaning they cause cancer. One scary thing is that they can also deprive oxygen in foetus so pregnant women should limit their intake. I personally find it hard to resist bacon, they taste so good in burgers and brunch.
2) BHA, BHT, TBHQ
Commonly seen: In gums, chips, baking products and processed snacks to prevent oils from turning rancid
These food preservatives has been classified by the Department of Health and Human Services as a known carcinogen but not by FDA. It is also claimed that they increase hyperactivity in kids. There is a safety limit set by FDA but it is not known how effective it is and there are no alternatives to this yet.
3) Sodium benzoate, benzoic acid
Commonly seen: In jelly and soft drinks to preserve acidic food
Benzene rings are a known carcinogen and they can be formed as a by-product of benzoates. It might also cause allergy, asthma, hives or hyperactivity in kids so it is up to the soft drink producers to come out with new formulations to prevent this.
Commonly seen: In baking products and raisins
There is an estimate of a million people been allergy to sulphites and most of them have asthma. They may cause breathing difficulties, shock and headaches.
5) Propyl gallates
Commonly seen: In sports drinks and chewing gum to prevent oils from turning rancid
Some studies has shown the gallates can be a carcinogen, with rat tests proving that they may give tumours and lymphoma. It is highly advised that people with liver, kidney problems and asthma to avoid these sports drinks and others containing gallates.
For the average kid without any problems, these preservatives should be fine. But for those high risk groups, there are so many food that you have to avoid. That is why we pride ourselves on selling snacks without preservatives so that you don't have to worry about such side effects. | "Kila aina ya chakula kinaweza kuharibiwa na ""SnackFirst"" ambayo ni bidhaa ya chakula ya kawaida, ambayo inahitajika ili kuzuia chakula kutoka kuharibika kwa urahisi na kuongeza maisha ya rafu." """Ni muhimu zaidi kwa Singapore kwa sababu tunategemea sana chakula chetu kutoka kwa uagizaji na maisha ya rafu ya muda mrefu ni ya manufaa kwetu." Hata hivyo, hilo halimaanishi kwamba ni nzuri kwa afya yetu. Nitrate ya sodiamu ni moja ya kemikali za kawaida zinazotumiwa katika vyakula vya kawaida, kama vile soseji, bacon, na nyama nyingine, na inaweza kuwa na athari ya kansa. Kwa sababu hii, inaweza pia kuondoa oksijeni katika kijusi, kwa hivyo wanawake wajawazito wanapaswa kupunguza ulaji wao. Mimi binafsi hupata ni vigumu kukinza bacon, wao ladha nzuri sana katika burgers na brunch. BHA, BHT, TBHQ, na BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA, BHA Pia inasemekana kwamba huongeza mwendo wa kupita kiasi wa watoto. Kuna kiwango cha usalama kilichowekwa na FDA lakini haijulikani ni ufanisi gani na hakuna mbadala kwa hii bado. Benzoa ya sodiamu (kwa Kiingereza: Benzoate of sodium) ni aina ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji ya maji. Inaweza pia kusababisha mzio, pumu, kibofu au hyperactivity katika watoto, hivyo ni juu ya wazalishaji wa vinywaji baridi kuja nje na formulations mpya ili kuzuia hili. Kwa mfano, katika bidhaa za kuoka na zabibu, watu milioni moja wanaathiriwa na sulphites na wengi wao wana pumu. Zinaweza kusababisha matatizo ya kupumua, mshtuko na maumivu ya kichwa. Vinywaji vya michezo na gum ya kutafuna ili kuzuia mafuta kutoka kwa kugeuka kuwa ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi ya rangi. Watu wenye matatizo ya ini, figo na pumu wanapaswa kuepuka vinywaji hivyo. Kwa mtoto wa kawaida bila matatizo yoyote, dawa hizi za kuhifadhi zinapaswa kuwa nzuri. Kwa wale walio katika kundi la hatari, kuna vyakula ambavyo ni lazima uepuke. Kwa hivyo, tunajivunia kuuza vyakula vyetu bila kihifadhi, na hivyo sio lazima uogope athari za athari. | <urn:uuid:d347f984-8e2f-4c8d-9563-9966cdfde410> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.snackfirst.com/blogs/articles/top-5-food-preservatives-and-their-side-effects | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Worldwide, Cataract is the second most leading cause of preventable blindness. So let's know a few more facts about it.
Cataract is opacification of the natural crystalline lens resulting in diminished vision. It occurs when protein clumps start to accumulate in natural lens. A white opaque film is formed and it prevents light from passing through the lens, to reach the retina. It is an age-related disorder and is usually classified according to the anatomical location within the lens and degree of clouding of lens.
1. AGE- People above 60 years are at high risk of developing cataract.
2. DIABETES- Uncontrolled Diabetic people develop cataract faster than normal healthier people.
3. DRUGS- Long-term use of steroids or other drugs can result in cataract.
4. EXPOSURE- UV-rays affect our eyes and can also cause cataract.
5. TRAUMA- Cataract can also be trauma induced.
6. GENETIC DISEASES like Galactosemia, Down’s syndrome etc. are associated with development of cataract.
7. CONGENITAL INFECTIONS like Herpes simplex, Rubella etc. May also result in cataract.
8. Few ailments like Atopic dermatitis, hypothyroidism and hyper - parathyroidism are also associated with early development of cataract.
6. Frequent changes in eyeglass prescription
It can be easily diagnosed by an ophthalmologist during a detailed eye examination.
Surgical removal of opaque lens is the only treatment available. After surgery, patient is advised to limit his/her routine activities for only couple of days. It is a daycare surgery with fast recovery.
There is no re-occurrence of cataract once it is removed. However, there is a possibility that the capsule behind the Intra ocular lens may become cloudy with time and leads to blurred vision. This can easily be treated with a laser procedure in Ophthalmology OPD.
There is no scientifically proven method that can help prevent cataract. Its progression can be avoided or slowed down by healthy diet, avoiding smoking, wearing UV protection sun glasses etc. | Ulimwenguni pote, ugonjwa wa cataract ndio kisababishi cha pili kwa ukubwa cha upofu unaoweza kuepukwa. Kwa hiyo hebu tujue mambo mengine machache kuhusu hilo. Cataract ni opacification ya kioo kiasili kioo kusababisha kupungua kwa maono. Inatokea wakati makundi ya protini yanapoanza kujikusanya katika lensi ya asili. Filamu nyeupe isiyo na uwazi hufanyizwa na huzuia nuru isiingie ndani ya lensi, ili ifikie retina. Ugonjwa huu unahusiana na umri na kwa kawaida hugawanywa kulingana na eneo la anatomiki ndani ya lensi na kiwango cha kuchafuka kwa lensi. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Watu wenye umri wa miaka 60 na zaidi wana hatari kubwa ya kuambukizwa cataracts. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata DIABETES- Watu wenye kisukari kisichoweza kudhibitiwa hupata cataract haraka kuliko watu wa kawaida wenye afya. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli DROGES- Matumizi ya muda mrefu ya steroids au dawa nyingine za kulevya yanaweza kusababisha cataract. 4. Uwe na uhakika KUFUNA: Miale ya UV huathiri macho yetu na pia yaweza kusababisha cataract. 5. Uwe na mtazamo mzuri. Mshtuko wa akili - Cataract yaweza pia kusababishwa na majeraha. 6. Uwe na uhakika MAUGENETIC DISEASES kama Galactosemia, Down's syndrome nk. Inaweza kusababisha maendeleo ya cataracts. 7. Uwe na mtazamo gani? Ugonjwa wa kuzaliwa kama vile herpes simplex, rubella na kadhalika. Pia yaweza kusababisha cataract. 8. Uwe na mtazamo gani? Magonjwa machache kama vile Atopic dermatitis, hypothyroidism na hyper - parathyroidism pia yanahusishwa na maendeleo ya mapema ya cataract. 6. Uwe na uhakika Mabadiliko ya mara kwa mara katika dawa ya miwani inaweza kugunduliwa kwa urahisi na daktari wa macho wakati wa uchunguzi wa kina wa jicho. Upasuaji wa kuondoa kioo kisicho na uwazi ndio tiba pekee inayopatikana. Baada ya upasuaji, mgonjwa anapendekezwa kupunguza shughuli zake za kawaida kwa siku chache tu. Ni upasuaji wa utunzaji wa siku wenye kupona haraka. Cataract haipatikani tena baada ya kuondolewa. Hata hivyo, kuna uwezekano kwamba capsule nyuma ya lensi Intra ocular inaweza kuwa cloudy na muda na inaongoza kwa maono blurred. Hii inaweza kutibiwa kwa urahisi na utaratibu wa laser katika Ophthalmology OPD. Hakuna njia iliyoonyeshwa kisayansi inayoweza kusaidia kuzuia cataract. Madhara ya ugonjwa huu yanaweza kuepukwa au kupunguzwa kwa kutumia chakula kizuri, kuepuka kuvuta sigara, kuvaa miwani ya jua ya ulinzi wa UV, na kadhalika. | <urn:uuid:70ec4cd0-0d01-448d-916f-a0cb733ace46> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.sororedit.com/blog/cataract-causes-symptoms-prevention-and-treatment/192 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Leopold II Biography, Life, Interesting Facts
Died On :
Also Known For :
Birth Place :
Early Life And Education
Leopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor was born 9th April 1835, to Leopold I of Belgium, and his second wife, Louise of Orleans. He was born into the house of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Leopold was born in Brussels, Belgium and was one of three children, although his brother died before he was born.
Due to the early death of his brother, Leopold was born as the heir to the throne. His mother died when he was 15 years of age. At the age of nine, Leopold was given the title of Duke of Brabant. He was also given the rank of sub-lieutenant in the army. Leopold served in the army until 1865 when he ascended the throne and attained the rank of lieutenant-general.
Ascension And Ruling Monarch
Leopold began his public service at the age of 20. In 1855, he joined the Belgian Senate. He was a keen member of the senate, particularly in the area of trade, and began to push for Belgium to acquire other colonies. Between 1854 and 1865, Leopold traveled extensively, visiting countries such as India, China, Egypt and the Mediterranean. His father died in 1865, and on December 17, Leopold ascended the throne, at the age of 30. He outlined his plan in a letter to his brother, Prince Philippe, in 1888. He stated the country needed to be strong and prosperous and would achieve this through the acquisition of other colonies.
Several important political issues happened during the reign of Leopold. In 1879, the Liberals, who were in power, created free, compulsory, primary schools, that the state funded. At the same time, they stopped supporting primary schools run by the Roman Catholic institution. In 1880, the Catholic Party achieved the majority in parliament and once again the state funded Catholic schools. A few years later, in 1885, the Labour Party was born. Male suffrage was undertaken in 1893. Another important advancement was laws that came in preventing child labor, stating that children under 12 couldn’t work in factories. Workers were also to be given Sundays off and to be compensated for workplace accidents.
Through the profits generated from the natural resources in the Congo, Leopold was able to commission many projects, public works, and buildings to be completed. He also amassed a great personal fortune but had the foresight to create a Royal Trust so that the wealth could not be diverted overseas. This was due to his daughters all being married to foreign princes. By creating the Royal Trust, future generations of the Belgian Royal family could enjoy the wealth, but everything was owned by the Royal Trust, and thus, belonged to the Belgian nation. In 1902, Leopold survived an assassination attempt, much to the joy of the Belgian people, and other leading dignitaries in Europe.
Leopold still believed that colony acquisition was the best way forward, but when he was unable to secure any through official capacities, he tried to acquire them on a personal level. His first attempt was to take over the Philippines, but this failed after several attempts. He then moved on to Africa and Asia. He failed several times, but then created a holding company, and with the help of his explorer, Henry Morton Stanley, through deception, Leopold founded the Congo Free State. He laid claim to the area, espousing that he would improve the lives of those living there, and at the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885, the claim was approved by the other colonial nations of Europe.
Once the claim was authorized, Leopold had millions of Congolese citizens slaughtered or mutilated. This included children. Leopold created the Force Publique, which was the equivalent of an army, and they ran the Congo Free State. They were brutal in their authority. Estimates of the slaughter ranged from one million to fifteen million.
Leopold didn’t care and happily made a fortune from the activities that took place in the Congo – primarily the collection and sale of ivory, and the harvesting and selling of rubber.
News of the atrocities caused a huge scandal, and in the early 1900s, the Belgian government forced Leopold to give up his control of the colony, and a civil administration was installed in 1908 to take over management.
Leopold ruled Belgium for 44 years, the longest reign by a Monarch in that country.
Leopold married Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria in 1853 and remained married until 1895. She was very popular with the people and was a very talented artist and musician. The couple had four children – three daughters and a son. Their son was also called Leopold. He died from pneumonia at the age of nine and left Leopold II without an heir to the throne. They tried to have another son but were unsuccessful, and eventually, they separated as the marriage had become an unhappy one.
Leopold also had several mistresses, but one in particular, Caroline Lacroix, he had a relationship with for over a decade. They married in secret just a few days before his death, due to her unpopularity with the people of Belgium. As the marriage had not been legitimized through a civil ceremony, Lacroix was not able to have her children officially recognized, although Leopold had left her a great deal of wealth.
Whilst Leopold II is recognized for having built many buildings and structures in Belgium, and also for having several very important pieces of legislation pass under his rule, it is very unfortunate that he was also responsible for great atrocities in the Congo Free State, and the slaughter of millions of innocent lives. | Leopold II, ambaye pia anajulikana kama Leopold II, alizaliwa tarehe 9 Aprili 1835 katika familia ya Leopold I wa Ubelgiji na mkewe wa pili, Louise wa Orleans. Alizaliwa katika nyumba ya Saxe-Coburg na Gotha. Leopold alizaliwa Brussels, Ubelgiji na alikuwa mmoja wa watoto watatu, ingawa ndugu yake alikufa kabla ya kuzaliwa. Kwa sababu ya kifo cha mapema cha ndugu yake, Leopold alizaliwa kama mrithi wa kiti cha enzi. Mama yake alikufa alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 15. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka tisa, Leopold alipewa cheo cha Duke wa Brabant. Pia alipewa cheo cha luteni wa chini katika jeshi. Leopold alitumikia katika jeshi hadi 1865 alipopanda kiti cha enzi na kufikia cheo cha Luteni-Jenerali. Mfalme Leopold wa Uingereza alianza kazi yake ya umma akiwa na umri wa miaka 20. Mwaka 1855 alijiunga na Seneti ya Ubelgiji. Alikuwa mshiriki mwenye bidii wa baraza la seneti, hasa katika eneo la biashara, na akaanza kushinikiza Ubelgiji kupata koloni nyingine. Kati ya mwaka wa 1854 na 1865, Leopold alitembelea nchi nyingi, kama vile India, China, Misri na Mediterania. Baba yake alikufa mnamo Desemba 17, 1865, na Leopold akaingia kwenye kiti cha enzi akiwa na umri wa miaka 30. Aliandika barua kwa ndugu yake, Prince Philip, mwaka 1888. Alisema nchi inahitaji kuwa na nguvu na kustawi na itafanikisha hili kupitia ununuzi wa koloni nyingine. Masuala kadhaa muhimu ya kisiasa yalitokea wakati wa utawala wa Leopold. Mwaka 1879 chama cha Liberal kilianzisha shule za msingi za bure na za lazima ambazo serikali iliwafadhili. Wakati huohuo, waliacha kutegemeza shule za msingi zilizosimamiwa na shirika la Katoliki ya Kiroma. Mwaka 1880, Chama cha Katoliki kilipata kura nyingi katika bunge na serikali ikaanza tena kufadhili shule za Kikatoliki. Mwaka 1885 chama cha Labour Party kilianzishwa. Haki ya kupiga kura ya wanaume ilianzishwa mwaka 1893. Sheria nyingine muhimu ilitolewa ili kuzuia kazi ya watoto, ikisema kwamba watoto chini ya umri wa miaka 12 hawawezi kufanya kazi katika viwanda. Wafanyakazi pia walipaswa kupewa likizo ya Jumapili na kulipwa fidia kwa ajili ya aksidenti za kazini. Kupitia faida zilizotokezwa kutokana na rasilimali za asili katika Kongo, Leopold aliweza kuagiza miradi mingi, kazi za umma, na majengo kukamilishwa. Pia, alipata utajiri mkubwa, lakini aliamua kuanzisha shirika la Royal Trust ili utajiri huo usipelekwe ng'ambo ya nchi. Hilo lilitokana na kwamba binti zake wote walikuwa wameolewa na wakuu wa kigeni. Kwa kuunda Royal Trust, vizazi vya baadaye vya familia ya kifalme ya Ubelgiji vingeweza kufurahia utajiri, lakini kila kitu kilikuwa mali ya Royal Trust, na kwa hivyo, kilikuwa cha taifa la Ubelgiji. Leopold II aliokoka jaribio la mauaji mwaka 1902 na kuuawa, na watu wa Ubelgiji na watu wengine mashuhuri wa Ulaya walifurahi. Leopold aliamini kwamba kupata koloni ilikuwa njia bora ya kuendelea, lakini aliposhindwa kupata yoyote kupitia uwezo rasmi, alijaribu kupata yao katika ngazi ya kibinafsi. Jaribio lake la kwanza lilikuwa kuteka Ufilipino, lakini hilo lilishindwa baada ya majaribio kadhaa. Kisha akahamia Afrika na Asia. Baada ya kushindwa mara kadhaa, Leopold alianzisha kampuni ya kuhifadhi, na kwa msaada wa mvumbuzi wake, Henry Morton Stanley, kupitia udanganyifu, Leopold alianzisha Jimbo la Uhuru la Kongo. Alipiga kura ya kuunga mkono eneo hilo, akisema kwamba ataiboresha maisha ya wale wanaoishi huko, na katika Mkutano wa Berlin katika 1884-1885, madai hayo yaliidhinishwa na mataifa mengine ya kikoloni ya Ulaya. Mara tu madai hayo yalipoidhinishwa, Leopold aliamuru mamilioni ya raia wa Kongo wauawa au kuharibiwa. Hilo lilitia ndani watoto. Leopold alianzisha kikosi cha jeshi la umma (Force Publique) ambacho kilikuwa kikosi cha serikali ya Kongo. Walikuwa wakali katika mamlaka yao. Makadirio ya mauaji hayo yalitoka milioni moja hadi milioni kumi na tano. Leopold hakujali na kwa furaha alifanya utajiri kutoka kwa shughuli zilizofanyika nchini Kongo - hasa ukusanyaji na uuzaji wa pembe za tembo, na kuvuna na kuuza mpira. Habari za mauaji hayo zilisababisha fujo kubwa, na mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1900, serikali ya Ubelgiji ilimlazimisha Leopold kuacha udhibiti wake wa koloni, na utawala wa kiraia uliwekwa mnamo 1908 kuchukua udhibiti. Leopold alitawala Ubelgiji kwa miaka 44, na hivyo akaendelea kutawala kwa muda mrefu zaidi kuliko mfalme mwingine yeyote. Leopold aliolewa na Marie Henriette wa Austria mnamo 1853 na waliendelea kuwa wenzi wa ndoa hadi 1895. Alikuwa maarufu sana miongoni mwa watu na alikuwa msanii na mwanamuziki mwenye kipaji sana. Wanandoa hao walikuwa na watoto wanne <unk> mabinti watatu na mwana mmoja. Mwana wao pia aliitwa Leopold. Alikufa kutokana na ugonjwa wa mapafu akiwa na umri wa miaka tisa na kumwacha Leopold wa Pili bila mrithi wa kiti cha ufalme. Walijaribu kupata mtoto mwingine wa kiume lakini hawakufaulu, na hatimaye, waliachana kwa sababu ndoa yao ilikuwa haifurahi. Leopold alikuwa na mpenzi mmoja, Caroline Lacroix, ambaye aliishi naye kwa miaka kumi. Walifunga ndoa kwa siri siku chache tu kabla ya kifo chake, kwa sababu ya kutopendwa kwake na watu wa Ubelgiji. Kwa kuwa ndoa hiyo haikuwa imehakikishwa kupitia sherehe ya kiraia, Lacroix hakuweza kuwa na watoto wake kutambuliwa rasmi, ingawa Leopold alikuwa amemwachia utajiri mwingi. Leopold II alikuwa kiongozi wa nchi ya Ubelgiji, lakini pia alikuwa na jukumu kubwa katika mauaji ya mamilioni ya watu wasio na hatia. | <urn:uuid:5cff8973-79b2-4b6f-92ae-b7efd95c6ad2> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.sunsigns.org/famousbirthdays/profile/leopold-ii/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
How do you write a context sentence?
A context sentence is one that gives a word and its meaning in the same sentence. Example: The answering machine message was so inane that I could not get any meaning from it.
What does it mean to put in context?
phrase. If something is seen in context or if it is put into context, it is considered together with all the factors that relate to it.
What happens if you make a typo on a typewriter?
After an error, you just hit the correction key, the typewriter backspaces, and covers over the offending typo. You drag the tape roller across the typo, and it lays a strip of white over the error. Then you roll the page back down to the typing line, and type the correct spelling right over the correction tape.
What is context in a essay?
In writing, context refers to information that helps readers accurately interpret the meaning of a text. Context can take many forms, including background information or details about the circumstances, environment, or timeframe in which a work takes place.
What does in the same context mean?
The parts of something written or spoken that immediately precede and follow a word or passage and clarify its meaning. Example: “skilled readers use context to construct meaning from words as they are read” Would you say these sentences express the same context: – John plays a computer game.
When someone uses a word in the wrong context?
A malapropism (also called a malaprop, acyrologia, or Dogberryism) is the mistaken use of an incorrect word in place of a word with a similar sound, resulting in a nonsensical, sometimes humorous utterance.
How do you fix typing mistakes?
If you type a command incorrectly, but do not press Return, you can correct your mistake in the following ways.
- Press the Delete or Back Space key to move back a space to the error; or.
- Type Ctrl-U to erase the entire line and start over. Hold down the Control key and press u.
How do you write without mistakes?
- Posture. Starting the basics, the right sitting posture is pivotal to getting in the habit of typing faster and better.
- Placement of Hands.
- Avoid looking at the Keyboard.
- Regular Practice.
- Take help of typing software.
- Build your Rhythm.
Is Typo a formal word?
A typographical error (often shortened to typo), also called misprint, is a mistake (such as a spelling mistake) made in the typing of printed (or electronic) material. Historically, this referred to mistakes in manual type-setting (typography).
Is using the wrong word a typo?
Omitting a space is a typo, choosing the wrong word is not a typo. However, telling someone that they have made a spelling mistake, grammar mistake, or have used the wrong word is critical of a person’s skill at English, and by implication their intelligence.
What counts as a typo?
A typo is a mistake in written or published writing. If you find a misspelled word or misplaced punctuation mark in this blurb, you’ve caught a typo. Typo is short for typographical error, and you can also call it a misprint.
How can I use context in a sentence?
“It is only done in a certain context.” “The movie was made in a modern context.” “It is easier to understand in its present context.” “It was handled in a business context.”
How do you say typing mistakes?
- clerical error.
- mistake in typing.
- printer’s error.
- typing mistake.
- typist’s error.
What does it mean when someone takes something out of context?
phrase. If a statement or remark is quoted out of context, the circumstances in which it was said are not correctly reported, so that it seems to mean something different from the meaning that was intended. Thomas says that he has been quoted out of context.
How do you prevent typo errors?
Don’t send that email! 5 tips for avoiding typos
- Read your words out loud. Simply reading while listening may force you to more carefully consider your writing for both flow and accuracy.
- Don’t stress about every email.
- Use your spell-checker but don’t rely on it.
- Learn from your mistakes.
- Be as careful with digital writing as you would with print.
How do you say sorry for typo error?
Be quick – A quick follow-up can catch people before they see the first email. Be clear – Subject and pre-header should be clear about the purpose. Apologize – Own up to the mistake and say you’re sorry for any misunderstanding. Send an offer – If you can’t give what was promised in the email, offer a back-up.
What is it called when you mix up words when speaking?
A ‘spoonerism’ is when a speaker accidentally mixes up the initial sounds or letters of two words in a phrase. The result is usually humorous.
What is context in academic writing?
Context refers to the occasion, or situation, that informs the reader about why a document was written and how it was written. The way writers shape their texts is dramatically influenced by their context. Contexts are sometimes described as formal, semi-formal, or informal.
What are the 5 types of context?
Here are the broad categories of context we will consider in this class.
- Authorial context. Another term for this is biographical context.
- Socio-historical context.
- Philosophical context.
- Literary context.
- Critical context.
How do you read in context?
There are five easy steps to becoming an expert at using context clues:
- Circle the word or phrase you don’t understand.
- Underline key phrases and ideas in the sentence.
- Give the main idea of the paragraph the new word is in.
- Say the sentence in your own words.
- Guess at what the new word means.
What is context writing?
Is context important in literature?
Context is an essential part of a literary text, which helps to engage the audience. Without context, readers may not see the true picture of a literary work. Context helps readers understand the cultural, social, philosophical, and political ideas and movements prevalent in society at the time of the writing.
How does context affect the way we read written text?
For readers, context shapes their attempt to construct meaning as they read. Physical context can enhance or diminish their ability to read the document. Cultural context will affect the fundamental assumptions, beliefs, and aspirations that they bring to the reading of a text.
What is context support method?
1 CONTEXT SUPPORT APPROACH Context support approach reflects “Having a situation or aids, which can help the students to read.” Things to consider when using context Approach When your students are just learning to read it is important to choose books that really interest them.
What is an example of context?
The part of a text or statement that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning. An example of context is the words that surround the word “read” that help the reader determine the tense of the word. An example of context is the history surrounding the story of Shakespeare’s King Henry IV.
What does it mean to read in context?
Contexts of reading are all the elements that influence how we read in different situations. The context includes: 1) the setting, 2) the text, and 3) the purpose for reading. There are two main types of reading contexts. In leisure contexts we choose to read for our own interest, pleasure or entertainment.
How do you start a context paragraph?
Context. Essays are usually written for an intelligent but uninformed audience, so begin with some context: the background of the topic, the topic scope, and any essential definitions. Introductions often begin with a broad opening statement that establishes the subject matter and background.
What is the importance of context in analyzing literature?
In literature, a strong understanding of the historical context behind a work’s creation can give us a better understanding of and appreciation for the narrative. In analyzing historical events, context can help us understand what motivates people to behave as they did.
How do you write a research context?
Q: How to write the contextual perspective in a research proposal?
- Briefly describe the field you will be researching.
- Explain why this field is important.
- State what are the currently trending topics of interest or “hot topics” in this field.
- Describe the specific area within the field that you will be researching.
What is context example?
What is a thesis sentence in an essay?
The thesis statement is the sentence that states the main idea of a writing assignment and helps control the ideas within the paper. It is not merely a topic. It often reflects an opinion or judgment that a writer has made about a reading or personal experience.
How do you write a context essay?
Where does a thesis go in a paper?
The thesis statement is located in the introductory paragraph, almost always at the end of that paragraph. It usually consists of a single sentence. the writer’s opinion or claim about that topic; i.e., it provides a specific focus for the reader.
What is a context sentence in an essay?
The context is the starting point for your introductory paragraph. The topic or thesis sentence is the ending point. Once the starting point and ending point are determined, it will be much easier to connect these points with the narrative of the opening paragraph.
How do you identify context?
The CONTEXT is the words, sentences, and ideas that come before and after a word or phrase. When you read a passage, circle any new words that you don’t understand. Then, look in the context to find clues–words or phrases that hint at what the new word means.
Can a thesis statement be three sentences?
A thesis statement must come at the end of the first paragraph. A thesis statement must be one sentence in length, no matter how many clauses it contains. Clear writing is more important than rules like these. Use two or three sentences if you need them.
What do I write in context?
Simply, context means circumstances forming a background of an event, idea or statement, in such a way as to enable readers to understand the narrative or a literary piece. It is necessary in writing to provide information, new concepts, and words to develop thoughts.
What is context in a research paper?
Context can defined as: “The circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood.” Simple follow on questions might be then, what is the context of a research article?
What is a context statement in an essay?
Context refers to the occasion, or situation, that informs the reader about why a document was written and how it was written. The way writers shape their texts is dramatically influenced by their context. Writers decide how to shape their sentences by considering their contexts.
How do you write a good context paragraph?
In a traditional essay, context is an important link between what you believe is interesting to the reader (hook) and your thesis statement (your argument/claim). Context in an introduction should be brief and give the background information needed to support the thesis.
What are the three types of thesis statements?
What are the different types of thesis statements?
- Explanatory thesis statement. An explanatory thesis statement is based solely on factual information.
- Argumentative thesis statement. In an argumentative essay, the writer takes a stance on a debatable topic.
- Analytical thesis statement. | Unasomaje sentensi ya muktadha? Sentensi ya muktadha ni ile inayotoa neno na maana yake katika sentensi ileile. Mfano: Ujumbe uliokuwa kwenye mashine ya kujibu simu ulikuwa wa kipumbavu sana hivi kwamba sikuweza kupata maana yoyote kutoka kwake. Inamaanisha nini kuweka katika muktadha? usemi. Ikiwa kitu kinaonekana katika muktadha au ikiwa kimewekwa katika muktadha, inachukuliwa pamoja na mambo yote yanayohusiana nayo. Ni nini hutokea ikiwa utafanya kosa la kuchapa kwenye mashine ya kuandika? Baada ya kosa, wewe tu bonyeza kitufe cha marekebisho, mashine ya kuandika backspaces, na inashughulikia juu ya typo offending. Unabeba mkondo wa mkanda juu ya kosa la kuchapa, na huweka mstari mweupe juu ya kosa hilo. Kisha unarudisha ukurasa huo kwenye mstari wa kuandika, na kuandika herufi sahihi juu ya mkanda wa kurekebisha. Ni nini muktadha katika insha? Katika maandishi, muktadha hurejezea habari inayosaidia wasomaji kutafsiri kwa usahihi maana ya maandishi. Muktadha waweza kuwa na maumbo mengi, kutia ndani habari za msingi au maelezo kuhusu hali, mazingira, au kipindi cha wakati ambapo kazi hufanywa. Neno hilo linamaanisha nini katika muktadha huohuo? Sehemu za kitu kilichoandikwa au kilichozungumzwa ambazo hufuata na kuongoza neno au sehemu na kufafanua maana yake. Mfano: <unk> Wasomaji wenye ujuzi hutumia muktadha kujenga maana kutoka kwa maneno wanaposoma<unk> Je, unasema sentensi hizi zinaonyesha muktadha sawa: <unk> John anacheza mchezo wa kompyuta. Mtu anapoitumia neno katika muktadha usiofaa. Malapropism (pia inaitwa malaprop, acyrologia, au Dogberyism) ni matumizi ya makosa ya neno lisilo sahihi badala ya neno lenye sauti sawa, na kusababisha usemi usio na maana, wakati mwingine wa ucheshi. Unatengenezaje makosa ya kuandika? Kama wewe type amri vibaya, lakini si bonyeza Return, unaweza kurekebisha kosa lako katika njia zifuatazo. - Bonyeza Delete au Back Space ufunguo kuhamisha nyuma nafasi ya kosa; au. - Type Ctrl-U kufuta mstari mzima na kuanza tena. Kushikilia chini ya ufunguo wa kudhibiti na bonyeza u. Unaandikaje bila kufanya makosa? - Msimamo. Kuanzia msingi, msimamo sahihi wa kuketi ni muhimu kupata katika tabia ya kuandika haraka na bora. - Kuweka Mikono. - Epuka kutazama kibodi. - Mazoezi ya kawaida. - Tumia programu ya kuandika. - Jenga Rhythm yako. Je, Typo ni neno la kawaida? Kosa la kuchapa (kwa kawaida hufupishwa kuwa typo) ni kosa (kama kosa la herufi) lililofanywa katika kuchapa vifaa vya kuchapishwa (au elektroniki). Kihistoria, hii ilirejelea makosa katika kuweka aina ya mkono (typography). Je, kutumia neno lisilofaa ni kosa la kuchapa? Kuondoa nafasi ni kosa la kuchapa, kuchagua neno lisilofaa si kosa la kuchapa. Hata hivyo, kumwambia mtu kwamba amefanya kosa la herufi, kosa la sarufi, au ametumia neno lisilofaa ni muhimu kwa ustadi wa mtu katika Kiingereza, na kwa maana hiyo akili yao. Ni nini kinachohesabiwa kuwa kosa la kuchapa? Kosa la kuchapa ni kosa katika maandishi yaliyoandikwa au kuchapishwa. Kama wewe kupata neno misspelled au misplaced alama ya alama katika hii blurb, umepata typo. Typo ni kifupi cha typographical error, na unaweza pia kuiita typographical error. Ninawezaje kutumia muktadha katika sentensi? "Hii ni kwa sababu ya ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano""" - kosa la uandishi. - kosa katika kuandika. - kosa la printer. - kosa la kuandika. - Kosa la typist. Inamaanisha nini mtu anapochukua jambo fulani nje ya muktadha wake? usemi. Ikiwa taarifa au taarifa inatajwa nje ya muktadha, hali ambayo ilisemwa haitajwi kwa usahihi, kwa hivyo inaonekana kuwa inamaanisha kitu tofauti na maana iliyokusudiwa. Thomas anasema kwamba maneno yake yametolewa nje ya muktadha. Unazuiaje makosa ya kuchapa? Usitume barua pepe hiyo! Vipengele 5 vya Kuepuka makosa ya kuandika - Soma maneno yako kwa sauti. Kusoma tu huku ukisikiliza kunaweza kukulazimisha kufikiria kwa uangalifu zaidi uandishi wako kwa ajili ya mtiririko na usahihi. - Usiwe na wasiwasi kuhusu kila barua pepe. - Tumia spell-checker yako lakini usitegemee. - Jifunze kutokana na makosa yako. - Kuwa mwangalifu na uandishi wa dijiti kama ungefanya na uchapishaji. Unasemaje kuomba msamaha kwa kosa la kuchapa? Kuwa haraka <unk> Kufuatilia haraka kunaweza kuwapata watu kabla hawajaona barua pepe ya kwanza. Kuwa wazi Somo na pre-header inapaswa kuwa wazi kuhusu kusudi. Msihi msamaha <unk> Kubali kosa hilo na uombe msamaha kwa sababu ya kutoelewana. Kutuma ofa <unk> Kama huwezi kutoa kile kilichohakikishwa katika barua pepe, kutoa backup. Inatajwaje unapochanganya maneno unaposema? "Spoonerism" ni wakati msemaji kwa bahati mbaya kuchanganya sauti za awali au herufi za maneno mawili katika kifungu. Kwa kawaida matokeo huwa yenye kuchekesha. Ni nini muktadha katika uandishi wa kitaaluma? Muktadha ni tukio au hali ambayo humjulisha msomaji kwa nini hati iliandikwa na jinsi ilivyoandikwa. Njia ambayo waandishi hufanyiza maandishi yao huathiriwa sana na muktadha wake. Nyakati nyingine muktadha hufafanuliwa kuwa rasmi, nusu rasmi, au isiyo rasmi. Ni aina gani tano za mazingira? Hapa ni makundi makubwa ya muktadha tutafikiria katika darasa hili. - Muktadha wa mwandishi. Neno jingine la neno hilo ni muktadha wa wasifu. - Muktadha wa kijamii na kihistoria. - Muktadha wa kifalsafa. - Muktadha wa fasihi. - Muktadha muhimu. Unasomaje katika muktadha? Kuna hatua tano rahisi za kuwa mtaalamu katika kutumia vidokezo vya muktadha: - Weka mduara juu ya neno au kifungu usichokuelewa. - Tia mstari chini maneno na mawazo muhimu katika sentensi. - Toa wazo kuu la fungu ambalo neno jipya liko ndani yake. - Sema sentensi hiyo kwa maneno yako mwenyewe. - Fikiria maana ya neno hilo jipya. Uandishi wa muktadha ni nini? Je, muktadha ni muhimu katika fasihi? Muktadha ni sehemu muhimu ya maandishi ya fasihi, ambayo husaidia kuvutia watazamaji. Bila muktadha, huenda wasomaji wasione picha halisi ya kazi ya fasihi. Muktadha husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mawazo na harakati za kitamaduni, kijamii, kifalsafa, na kisiasa zilizokuwa zikienea katika jamii wakati wa kuandika. Muktadha huathiri jinsi tunavyosoma maandishi? Kwa wasomaji, muktadha hufanyiza jaribio lao la kutengeneza maana wanaposoma. Muktadha wa kimwili unaweza kuongeza au kupunguza uwezo wao wa kusoma hati. Muktadha wa kitamaduni utaathiri dhana za msingi, imani, na matakwa ambayo huleta kwa usomaji wa maandishi. Mbinu ya msaada wa muktadha ni nini? "Kama ""Msaada wa Muktadha"" (context support approach) unaonyesha kuwa kuna kitu ambacho kinaweza kuwasaidia wanafunzi kusoma, na ni muhimu kuchagua vitabu ambavyo vinawavutia." Mfano wa muktadha ni nini? Sehemu ya maandishi au taarifa ambayo inazunguka neno au kifungu fulani na kuamua maana yake. Mfano wa muktadha ni maneno yanayozunguka neno <unk>read<unk> ambayo husaidia msomaji kuamua wakati wa neno. Mfano wa muktadha ni historia inayozunguka hadithi ya Mfalme Henry wa Nne wa Shakespeare. Kusoma katika muktadha kunamaanisha nini? Muktadha wa kusoma ni mambo yote ambayo huathiri jinsi tunavyosoma katika hali tofauti. Muktadha unatia ndani: (1) mazingira, (2) maandishi, na (3) kusudi la kusoma. Kuna aina kuu mbili za muktadha wa kusoma. Katika mazingira ya burudani tunachagua kusoma kwa ajili ya maslahi yetu wenyewe, raha au burudani. Unanunuaje kifungu cha muktadha? Muktadha. Maandishi ya maandishi yameandikwa kwa ajili ya wasikilizaji wenye akili lakini wasio na habari, kwa hiyo anza na baadhi ya muktadha: historia ya mada, wigo wa mada, na ufafanuzi wowote muhimu. Mara nyingi utangulizi huanza kwa taarifa ya ufunguzi iliyo na habari nyingi ambayo hufafanua habari na historia ya mambo. Ni nini umuhimu wa muktadha katika kuchanganua fasihi? Katika fasihi, uelewa mkubwa wa muktadha wa kihistoria nyuma ya uumbaji wa kazi unaweza kutupa uelewa bora na uthamini wa hadithi. Katika kuchanganua matukio ya kihistoria, muktadha waweza kutusaidia kuelewa ni nini kinachochochochea watu wajiendeshe kama walivyofanya. Jinsi ya kuandika muktadha wa utafiti? Q: Jinsi ya kuandika mtazamo wa muktadha katika pendekezo la utafiti? - Eleza kwa ufupi uwanja utakaokuwa ukifanya utafiti. - Eleza kwa nini uwanja huu ni muhimu. - Taarifa nini ni sasa mwelekeo mada ya maslahi au <unk> hot mada <unk> katika uwanja huu. - Kuelezea eneo maalum ndani ya uwanja kwamba utakuwa utafiti. Mfano wa muktadha ni nini? Sentensi ya thesis katika insha ni nini? Thesis statement ni sentensi ambayo inasema wazo kuu la kazi ya kuandika na husaidia kudhibiti mawazo ndani ya karatasi. Si jambo la kujadiliwa tu. Mara nyingi huonyesha maoni au uamuzi ambao mwandishi amefanya kuhusu usomaji au uzoefu wa kibinafsi. Jinsi ya kuandika insha ya muktadha? Thesis inakwenda wapi katika karatasi? Taarifa ya thesis iko katika kifungu cha utangulizi, karibu daima mwishoni mwa kifungu hicho. Kwa kawaida linatia ndani sentensi moja tu. maoni ya mwandishi au madai kuhusu mada hiyo; yaani, inatoa lengo maalum kwa msomaji. Sentensi ya muktadha katika insha ni nini? Muktadha ni hatua ya kuanzia kwa fungu lako la utangulizi. Kichwa au sentensi ya thesis ni hatua ya mwisho. Mara tu unapoamua mahali pa kuanza na mahali pa mwisho, itakuwa rahisi zaidi kuunganisha mambo hayo na simulizi la kifungu cha kwanza. Unatambuaje muktadha? MUSEMBA ni maneno, sentensi, na mawazo yanayokuja kabla na baada ya neno au usemi. Unaposoma sehemu fulani, weka mviringo kwenye maneno mapya usiyoyaelewa. Kisha, angalia muktadha ili upate madokezo - maneno au misemo inayodokeza maana ya neno jipya. Je, taarifa ya thesis inaweza kuwa sentensi tatu? Taarifa ya thesis lazima ianze mwishoni mwa kifungu cha kwanza. Taarifa ya thesis lazima iwe na sentensi moja kwa urefu, bila kujali ni vifungu vingapi vinavyomo. Kuandika wazi ni muhimu zaidi kuliko sheria kama hizi. Tumia sentensi mbili au tatu ikiwa unahitaji. Ninaandika nini katika muktadha? Muktadha ni hali zinazofanyiza historia ya tukio, wazo au taarifa, kwa njia ambayo huwawezesha wasomaji kuelewa hadithi au kipande cha fasihi. Ni muhimu kwa kuandika kutoa habari, dhana mpya, na maneno ya kuendeleza mawazo. Ni nini muktadha katika karatasi ya utafiti? "Mtazamo wa ""mtazamo"" ni hali ambayo huunda mazingira ya tukio, taarifa, au wazo, na kwa maneno ambayo inaweza kueleweka kikamilifu. ""Mtazamo wa ""mtazamo"" ni hali ambayo inaweza kuelezwa katika makala ya utafiti." Taarifa ya muktadha katika insha ni nini? Muktadha ni tukio au hali ambayo humjulisha msomaji kwa nini hati iliandikwa na jinsi ilivyoandikwa. Njia ambayo waandishi hufanyiza maandishi yao huathiriwa sana na muktadha wake. Waandishi huamua jinsi ya kutengeneza sentensi zao kwa kuzingatia muktadha wao. Jinsi ya kuandika kifungu kizuri cha muktadha? Katika insha ya jadi, muktadha ni kiungo muhimu kati ya kile unachoamini ni cha kuvutia kwa msomaji (hook) na taarifa yako ya thesis (hoja yako). Muktadha katika utangulizi unapaswa kuwa mfupi na kutoa habari ya msingi inayohitajika kuunga mkono thesis. Ni aina gani tatu za taarifa za thesis? Ni aina gani tofauti za taarifa za thesis? - Taarifa ya ufafanuzi wa thesis. Taarifa ya thesis ya ufafanuzi inategemea tu habari ya ukweli. - Taarifa ya thesis ya hoja. Katika insha ya kubishana, mwandishi huchukua msimamo juu ya mada inayoweza kubishana. - Taarifa ya thesis ya uchambuzi. | <urn:uuid:90ad2417-6472-4f45-a684-94e06af1db28> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.thelittleaussiebakery.com/how-do-you-write-a-context-sentence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
If you’re an average working man or woman in the US, you probably know what is a penny and how one looks. But how much does it really cost to make it? Without giving it too much thought you’d say it shouldn’t cost more than the actual penny value. This isn’t the case. It costs more to make a penny than its face value. Why would the US government spend more to make a penny than it would get from its value? It’s easy: the coin will be used in a lot of transactions, so the cost is worth it when you think about it.
How much does it cost to make a penny?
There are two major costs you should consider when you’re talking about the cost of making pennies (which are also called the Lincoln cents): the financial cost and the environmental expense. We’ll go over both of these prices in the article below.
The Financial Cost of a Penny
A report that came out in 2011 from the United States Mint, pointed out that it will cost about 2.1 cents to make a penny. This, of course, means that its production price is twice the face value of the coin in circulation. These costs will be split like this:
- 1.8 cents will go towards producing the penny
- 0.26 cents will go toward administrative costs
- 0.003 cents will go into the distribution efforts of the Reserve Banks
Even though they are rather expensive, the US Mint still makes a few million pennies every year.
So yes, the coin’s face value is less than its actual value, because it actually costs 2.41¢ US ($0.0241 US Dollars (USD) to be exact) to make each penny. The face value of this coin was exceeded by its cost for the first time in 2006. This was due to a decision at the United States Mint, the agency of the government that prints money and strikes new coinage for the US when the composition of the penny was reconsidered.
The parts that are having the biggest impact on the final cost of making a penny are the materials that are used to make it. Pennies have that distinctive coppery color because they contain 2.5% copper. The other material used is zinc, 97.5% of a penny. The cost of metal extraction is much higher than in the past, because of all the new regulations of mining. This has made the prices of the metals used to make a penny rise dramatically in the early 21st century.
In an attempt to make the coins cheaper, the European Union used for its currency plastic in the composition of their coins. This could be something that the US government could do in an attempt to lower the cost of making pennies. This coin still remains iconic for the American people so attempts to change its composition have met serious opposition so far.
Another way of resolving the issue of the cost of making a penny would be to do away with this coin altogether. This could have a very big impact on the way people do business in the US because phrases like “It only costs a penny” would have no meaning anymore.
The penny isn’t the only coin that costs more to make than to own, the Nickel also has a face value lower than the physical cost of making. A nickel costs around 11.18¢ US to make. All of the other coins, like dimes or quarters, cost less to make than to own. To make a quarter, the US government spends around 11.14¢ US and the quarter has a face value of 25¢ US. Many US citizens believe that the costs of making pennies and nickels are balanced out by the lower costs of producing all of the other coins.
|2022 – Manufacturing Unit Costs
|Costs of Goods Sold
|Distribution to FRB
|Selling & Administrative
Each time the price of the materials will rise, the cost of making pennies will also rise. The Mint will have to make some tough decisions soon because it’s very unlikely that the cost of producing a penny will ever fall below 1¢, and more pennies are being made each year.
Many other government agencies from around the world have been financially accountable for distributing something that has a lower value than its manufacturing cost, so there’s a possibility that this will happen to the Mint also. This can only mean that pennies and nickels will suffer some changes to address this issue, soon, whether Americans like it or not.
It wouldn’t be the first time the penny will be changing; it happened before, in 1943 when the Mint made pennies using steel because copper was hard to get due to wartime demand.
So would we ever spend that much to make a coin? We wouldn’t and you shouldn’t also. It is illegal to make a penny, a nickel, or any other type of coin or paper money without proper licenses. Is it fair to spend more to make a currency than its final face value? If you take into account that the coin has to be durable to last years and years, then its creation price is legitimate.
Unfortunately, the cost to produce most coins — including the penny — has actually increased in recent years. The penny specifically increased more than 19% in cost. Part of the cost increase could be explained by the decrease in circulating coins. Total production has decreased, leading to an increase in the cost per individual coin.
The penny is currently the cheapest piece of U.S. currency to create. It’s about half of the cost of the next cheapest coin, which is the dime and the nickel. The quarter and half-dollar are the most expensive.
How does the Penny cost compare to other currencies?
Pennies are still the cheapest type of currency made by the U.S. Mint, followed by other coins like dimes, nickels, quarters, and half dollars. Although there is also the dollar coin, it didn’t become a part of this study. When it comes to paper money, the US $1 and $2 bills cost about 6.2 cents each to make, which makes them the cheapest to be made. They are followed by the $5, $10, $50, $20, and $100 bills, in this exact order.
What you should take out of this is that the federal government isn’t actually losing money when it comes to money being produced, as bills will cost a lot less to be made than their face value.
Also, the U.S. Mint has to release a biennial report with research into alternative metal compositions that can be used for American Coins, but so far, these reports haven’t been able to show anything groundbreaking.
The Environmental Cost of Pennies
The financial costs aren’t the only ones interesting when talking about the making of Lincoln cents. They also have an important environmental impact. It takes both zinc and copper to produce pennies and both these materials have to be mined. A lot of carbon dioxide emissions, as well as the emission of other pollutants, will result from mining. The processes used will also require a considerable amount of water, as well as electricity.
What’s also interesting is that with all of the government’s efforts to recycle as many materials as possible, the U.S. Mint never uses recycled materials when it is creating new coins.
Should the U.S. keep using pennies?
There are a lot of people that talk about getting rid of the penny completely, especially over the last decade. Due to their declining value, there are vendors that already refuse to accept pennies.
Although this isn’t taken seriously by the federal government, there are still a lot of institutions that talk about at least decreasing the cost of production for these and other coins. | Kama wewe ni wastani wa kazi mtu au mwanamke katika Marekani, pengine unajua nini senti na jinsi moja inaonekana. Lakini ni kiasi gani cha pesa kinachohitajiwa ili kuifanya? Bila kuipa mawazo sana unaweza kusema haipaswi gharama zaidi ya thamani halisi senti. Hii si kesi. Inagharimu zaidi kutengeneza senti kuliko thamani yake ya uso. Kwa nini serikali ya Marekani itatumia zaidi ya thamani ya senti kuliko itakayopata? Ni rahisi: sarafu itatumika katika shughuli nyingi, hivyo gharama ni thamani yake wakati wewe kufikiri juu yake. Ni gharama gani kufanya senti moja? Kuna gharama mbili kuu unapaswa kuzingatia wakati wewe ni kuzungumza juu ya gharama ya kufanya senti (ambayo pia huitwa Lincoln senti): gharama ya kifedha na gharama ya mazingira. Tutazungumzia bei hizi zote mbili katika makala iliyo hapa chini. Ripoti ya mwaka 2011 ya United States Mint ilionyesha kuwa inagharimu karibu senti 2.1 kutengeneza senti moja. Hii, bila shaka, humaanisha kwamba bei yake ya utengenezaji ni mara mbili ya thamani ya jina la sarafu inayozunguka. "Kama vile ilivyo kwa ""peni ya dola"" - 0.26 cents kwa gharama za usimamizi - 0.003 cents kwa gharama za usambazaji wa benki za hifadhi, hata kama ni ghali, Bodi ya Fedha ya Marekani bado inafanya senti milioni chache kila mwaka." Kwa hivyo, thamani ya sarafu ni chini ya thamani yake halisi, kwa sababu inagharimu $ 2.41 (US $ 0.0241 kwa usahihi) kutengeneza kila senti. Kwa mara ya kwanza, thamani ya sarafu hiyo ilizidi thamani yake ya awali mwaka 2006. Hii ilitokana na uamuzi wa United States Mint, shirika la serikali ambalo huchapisha pesa na kupiga sarafu mpya kwa ajili ya Marekani wakati muundo wa senti ulipozingatiwa. Sehemu ambazo zina athari kubwa zaidi kwa gharama ya mwisho ya kutengeneza senti ni vifaa vinavyotumiwa kuifanya. Sarafu za senti zina rangi ya shaba kwa sababu zina asilimia 2.5 ya shaba. Zinc ni moja ya vifaa vya msingi vya chuma, na inahitajika kwa asilimia 97. Gharama ya uchimbaji wa chuma ni kubwa kuliko wakati uliopita, kwa sababu ya kanuni zote mpya za uchimbaji. Hii imesababisha bei ya metali zinazotumiwa kutengeneza senti kuongezeka sana mwanzoni mwa karne ya 21. Ili kuondoa gharama za kutengeneza sarafu, Umoja wa Ulaya ulitumia plastiki katika sarafu zao. Hii ni kwa sababu serikali ya Marekani inataka kupunguza gharama za kutengeneza sarafu. Sarafu hii bado inabaki kuwa ikoni kwa watu wa Amerika kwa hivyo majaribio ya kubadilisha muundo wake yamekutana na upinzani mkubwa hadi sasa. Njia nyingine ya kutatua suala la gharama ya kutengeneza senti ingekuwa kuondoa sarafu hii kabisa. "Hii inaweza kuwa na athari kubwa sana kwa jinsi watu wanavyofanya biashara nchini Marekani kwa sababu misemo kama ""Ni gharama ya senti moja tu"" haitakua na maana tena." Penny si sarafu tu ambayo inagharimu zaidi kutengeneza kuliko kumiliki, Nickel pia ina thamani ya uso chini ya gharama ya kimwili ya kutengeneza. Nikeli moja inagharimu karibu dola 11.18 za Marekani kutengenezwa. Sarafu nyingine zote, kama vile senti au senti, hazihitaji pesa nyingi kutengenezwa kuliko kuhifadhiwa. Kwa mfano, kwa dola za Marekani, serikali ya Marekani hutumia karibu 11.14 US senti na robo ina thamani ya uso wa 25 US senti. Wananchi wengi wa Marekani wanaamini kwamba gharama za kutengeneza senti na senti ni sawa na gharama za chini za kutengeneza sarafu nyingine zote. """Makampuni ya viwanda na viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda vya viwanda." "Makampuni ya kutengeneza sarafu ya fedha ya Marekani yamekuwa yakikabiliwa na changamoto kubwa, kwa sababu ""ni vigumu sana kwamba gharama ya kutengeneza sarafu ya senti moja itaanguka chini ya senti moja, na sarafu nyingi zaidi zinatengenezwa kila mwaka.""" Mashirika mengine mengi ya serikali kutoka duniani kote yamekuwa na uwajibikaji wa kifedha kwa kusambaza kitu ambacho kina thamani ya chini kuliko gharama yake ya utengenezaji, kwa hivyo kuna uwezekano kwamba hii itatokea kwa Mint pia. Hii inaweza tu kumaanisha kwamba senti na nickels itapata mabadiliko fulani ili kushughulikia suala hili, hivi karibuni, kama Wamarekani kama au la. Hii haikuwa mara ya kwanza kwa sarafu hiyo kubadilishwa, ilitokea mwaka 1943 wakati kampuni ya kutengeneza sarafu ilitengeneza sarafu kwa kutumia chuma kwa sababu shaba ilikuwa ngumu kupata kwa sababu ya mahitaji ya wakati wa vita. Je, tunaweza kutumia pesa nyingi hivyo ili kutengeneza sarafu? Hatungefanya hivyo na wewe pia hupaswi kufanya hivyo. Ni kinyume cha sheria kutengeneza senti, senti, au aina nyingine yoyote ya sarafu au pesa za karatasi bila leseni hususa. Je, ni haki kutumia pesa nyingi zaidi ya thamani yake ya mwisho? Ikiwa unafikiria kuwa sarafu inapaswa kudumu kwa miaka na miaka, basi bei yake ya uundaji ni halali. Kwa kusikitisha, gharama ya kutengeneza sarafu nyingi - kutia ndani senti - imeongezeka sana katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Kwa mfano, penny moja iliongezeka zaidi ya asilimia 19 katika gharama. Sehemu ya ongezeko la gharama inaweza kuelezwa na kupungua kwa sarafu zinazozunguka. Uzalishaji wa jumla umepungua, na kusababisha ongezeko la gharama kwa kila sarafu. Penny ni sarafu ya Marekani ya bei nafuu zaidi kutengenezwa. Ni kuhusu nusu ya gharama ya sarafu ya pili ya bei nafuu, ambayo ni dime na nickel. Dola robo na nusu ndiyo ghali zaidi. Gharama ya Penny inalinganaje na sarafu nyingine? Penny ni aina ya sarafu ya bei nafuu zaidi iliyotengenezwa na Mint ya Marekani, ikifuatiwa na sarafu nyingine kama vile dimes, nickels, robo, na nusu dola. Ingawa pia kuna sarafu ya dola, haikuwa sehemu ya utafiti huu. Kwa mfano, noti za dola moja na mbili za Marekani zinagharimu karibu senti 6.2 kila moja, na hivyo ni za bei nafuu zaidi kutengenezwa. Nakala za $5, $5, $5, $5, $20, $20, na $100 zinafuata kwa utaratibu huu. "Kile unapaswa kuchukua nje ya hii ni kwamba serikali ya shirikisho si kweli kupoteza fedha linapokuja fedha zinazozalishwa, kama muswada itakuwa gharama kidogo sana kwa ajili ya kuwa na thamani yao ya uso. """ Pia, Mint ya Marekani inapaswa kutolewa ripoti ya kila baada ya miaka miwili na utafiti katika misombo mbadala ya chuma ambayo inaweza kutumika kwa ajili ya sarafu za Marekani, lakini hadi sasa, ripoti hizi hazijaweza kuonyesha chochote groundbreaking. Gharama ya Mazingira ya Penny Gharama za kifedha si tu wale wa kuvutia wakati wa kuzungumza juu ya kufanya senti za Lincoln. Pia zina athari muhimu kwa mazingira. Inahitaji zinki na shaba kutengeneza senti na vifaa vyote viwili vinapaswa kuchimbwa. Mtiririko mkubwa wa kaboni dioksidi, pamoja na uzalishaji wa uchafuzi mwingine, utatokana na uchimbaji madini. Utaratibu unaotumiwa utahitaji pia kiasi kikubwa cha maji, na pia umeme. Jambo jingine la kushangaza ni kwamba licha ya juhudi zote za serikali za kuchakata vifaa vingi iwezekanavyo, U.S. Mint haitumii kamwe vifaa vilivyotengenezwa upya wakati wa kutengeneza sarafu mpya. Je, Marekani inapaswa kuendelea kutumia senti? Kuna watu wengi ambao wanazungumza juu ya kuondoa senti kabisa, haswa katika muongo uliopita. Kwa sababu ya kupungua kwa thamani yao, kuna wauzaji ambao tayari wanakataa kukubali senti. Ingawa hii haichukuliwi kwa uzito na serikali ya shirikisho, bado kuna taasisi nyingi ambazo huzungumza juu ya angalau kupunguza gharama za uzalishaji kwa sarafu hizi na nyingine. | <urn:uuid:1519dc10-98b9-4587-9845-330e15c3ae66> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.thepricer.org/how-much-does-it-cost-to-make-a-penny/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Teeth Whitening vs. Teeth Bleaching
A common question I get is, what's the difference between whitening your teeth and bleaching your teeth? Well, there is a difference, technically. Whitening is when you physically remove stains from the enamel surface using either chemicals or abrasives. Obviously, these are safe chemicals that you use.
When you bleach your teeth, it's slightly different. You're using a form of either hydrogen peroxide or something called carbamide peroxide, and that's a bleaching technique. Your enamel is actually made up of something called enamel rods. These are tubules and the bleach actually gets into those tubules and bleaches a slight depth into the enamel surface and whitens it by bleaching it.
Now, the difference is when you bleach you get a whiter result as opposed to just using a whitening or an abrasive.
See the teeth whitening products from TheraBreath | Tooth Whitening vs Teeth Bleaching: Kuna tofauti gani kati ya kutapika meno na kutapika meno? Kwa kweli, kuna tofauti, kiufundi. Whitening ni wakati wewe kimwili kuondoa madoa kutoka enamel uso kwa kutumia kemikali au abrasives. Ni wazi kwamba kemikali hizi ni salama na hazina madhara. Wakati wewe bleach meno yako, ni tofauti kidogo. "Kama vile, kwa mfano, ""peroksidi ya hidrojeni"" au ""peroksidi ya carbamide"" ni mbinu ya bleaching." Kwa kweli, enamel yako ni ya aina ya viungo vinavyoitwa enamel rods. Hii ni tubules na bleach kweli anapata katika tubules hizo na bleaches kina kidogo katika uso enamel na whitens ni kwa bleaching. Tofauti ni kwamba, wakati wa bleach, matokeo ni nyeupe kuliko wakati wa kutumia bleach au abrasive. Angalia bidhaa za kupiga rangi meno kutoka TheraBreath | <urn:uuid:842546bb-ed04-4c44-bd4a-097d0c770d83> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.therabreath.com/videos/oral-health/whitening-vs-bleaching-teeth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
The history of timekeeping is as old as the history of mankind. We offer you a brief insight into the origins of the clock and show you what secrets are hidden in this everyday object that sets the pace of our lives.
What is the significance of the clock?
The clock is a time-measuring device: it shows what hour, minute and second of the day we are in; as a stopwatch, it can measure periods of time and as an alarm clock it can bring people out of sleep. Archaeological finds suggest that people have been striving to measure time since time itself began. In the early days of mankind, people used astronomical phenomena as a guide, read the time of day with the help of simple shadow clocks and used the first calendars for religious purposes. What is particularly interesting, however, is the fact that time measurement developed independently in all cultures. It seems to be an indispensable basic need for human existence to determine the current time and to measure time intervals.
Life without time measurement has become unimaginable in our society. And even if the smartphone is gradually replacing the wristwatch, timepieces of all kinds are everyday companions that we cannot and do not want to do without. In the world of work, production processes, leisure time – without time measurement, we would not be able to show up on time for meetings, engage in global trade or make appointments. But since time reminds people of its transience, we have an ambivalent relationship with it and would like to use the time available to us as “profitably” as possible.
From wristwatches and hourglasses to wall clocks or handmade cuckoo clocks, timepieces have also become collectors’ items; ultimately, there’s no escaping the magic and aesthetics of this mysterious everyday object.
From its beginnings to the present day: the development of the clock
Ancient time measurement
The sky has always been an important timekeeper: the sun and the moon divided the day into two parts. It is known from ancient Egypt that people set up shadow clocks on which the days were divided into hours. However, these shadow clocks suffered from the disadvantage of the varying lengths of shadow lines over the course of the year. Diagonal star clocks, which made use of the movements of the constellations, had a religious function: with their help, the deceased should be able to ascend to heaven more easily.
The water clock was developed in the 16th century BC: water draining from a vessel showed the time – a method that works completely independently of the season or light. Similar water clocks were also used in Babylonia. In ancient Greece, water clocks were used in court to limit speaking time. “Time has run out” – this phrase, still in use today, refers to the water clock.
The Romans adopted the principles of water clocks and sundials from other cultures. The Moors and Arabs also used this technique but continued to develop it.
Time measurement in the middle ages
With the Roman Empire, the knowledge of ancient timekeeping perished. But even in the Middle Ages, scientists worked on the further development of sundials and water clocks and invented new time-measuring instruments. Easily available, relatively reliable and independent of daylight, for example, was the candle clock, which was developed around 900 AD. Candles of the same length and in certain shapes were provided with markings that showed the elapsed time as they burned.
The most important time indicators in the Middle Ages were bells on the town and church towers. We can well imagine how loud bell ringing announced the opening of a market, court times and of course prayer times in monasteries or masses in cathedrals. The invention of the escapement made it possible to announce these events, which were essential for medieval life, at the right time, and with it, the development of the wheel clock first mentioned in a document in 1335.
It was the clocks in the doormen’s rooms that synchronised medieval society with their alarm and the striking of the hours. With the later emergence of tower clocks, the general public was finally able to tell the time. Only a few monarchs and wealthy citizens owned a domestic clock – mostly complicated astronomical clocks that were popular for representative reasons. From the 15th century onwards, clockmakers organised themselves into independent guilds.
It was not until the 14th century that the hourglass was also developed, which served to measure shorter intervals of time.
The further development of timekeeping in modern times
Even during the Renaissance, timepieces were continually being developed. The fact that the sensitive movement was now hidden in a case to protect it from dirt resulted in watches becoming more and more of a fashion accessory. Thanks to new materials, finer tools and the invention of the spring drive, watches could also be made much smaller.
As the first pocket watches were developed, international competition arose among clockmakers, who outdid each other in the production of technical and artistic masterpieces. Even minute and second hands were now built into the timepieces and made it possible to measure time more precisely.
Watchmaking took a different turn in America: from the beginning of the 19th century, the industrial production of pocket watches began here. The clock became a mass article and was available to more and more people from different social classes.
In the 16th century, none other than Galileo Galilei described the laws of pendulum motion and developed a mechanism with a pendulum and free escapement – an idea pursued at the same time by Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch scientist whose design eventually gave rise to the first pendulum clock. This development made extremely precise timekeeping possible. The Netherlands and England were now the most important centres of clockmaking.
In the 18th century, watches were no longer only in demand as objects of art. The colonial powers actively traded in goods that they imported from overseas to Europe. As such, Maritime shipping required precise timekeeping, which was finally provided by the marine chronometer developed in 1759.
Time Measurement in the Modern Age
In the age of industrialisation, clocks also became an object of mass production. In Germany, the Black Forest became the manufacturing centre for clocks and watches.
To make a clock run, it needs a source of energy. Since industrialisation also led to the implementation of a nationwide power supply, the idea of using an electric motor to drive clock movements was obvious. Motors were used to wind movements in tower clocks, to drive escapements with electromagnetic pulses or to synchronise clock systems used in railway traffic.
But when did wristwatches become fashionable? The first jewellery watches, which resemble today’s wristwatches, were already made in the early 19th century. In the navy, in the military in general, among aviators and athletes, the advantages of the compact wristwatch were quickly recognised. When John Harwood invented the automatic watch in 1923 and the Rolex company launched the legendary Oyster, the first waterproof wristwatch, the triumph of the wristwatch was unstoppable. As early as the 1930s, two-thirds of all timepieces sold were wristwatches.
Other milestones in the development of modern timekeeping were the invention of the quartz clock in 1921 and the atomic clock, first used in 1949, which set the standard with its impressive accuracy. Since the 1960s, radio-controlled clocks have also enjoyed great popularity.
The construction of a clock: an overview of the most important components
Clocks are usually driven either by weights, a mainspring or electrically with the help of a direct power supply from the electricity grid or a battery. Weight drives are easy to construct and are consequently considered the simplest form of energy supply. However, their running time is limited depending on the mass. Wheel clocks driven by weights must be wound either manually or electrically. The development of steel watch springs made it possible to reduce the size of the movement. To ensure that the timepiece runs smoothly, it is necessary to install an escapement. Modern wristwatches are powered by replaceable button cells. Solar cells can be used to recharge a battery regularly.
The gear train of a clock is the totality of the gears and pinions in the movement. The individual parts of the gear train can be made of wood, metal, plastic or ceramic.
The gear train transmits the energy from the drive via the escapement to the regulator of the watch. The various gear wheels rotate at different speeds. Mechanical watches usually have a striking mechanism that triggers an acoustic signal such as a chime or a gong. Calendar movements, chronograph movements or moon phase movements are additional movements that are used in more complicated timepieces.
In mechanical clocks, the escapement ensures even timekeeping. The escapement ranges from the verge and foliot mechanism to the pendulum. The quality of the escapement often reflects the skills of a watchmaker. Many clockmakers devised complicated constructions to protect the sensitive escapement from external influences.
What could be more beautiful than a well-designed display on which the elegant hands move to tell the observer the current time at first glance? Conventional time is displayed on a dial. Most wristwatches have at least an hour and a minute hand, but many also have a second hand and additional time displays for determining the date, the moon phase or other parameters. Dials are usually round or square, and the dial ring makes it easier to read the time. The design of dials is subject to fashion and often plays a major role in the decision to buy a watch. In addition to dials and hands, there are of course also digital time displays and other artistic-creative solutions that allow the viewer to see the time.
Special Clocks and Fixtures
Over the centuries, clockmakers and inventors have come up with numerous additional devices to complement the classic clock. During the Renaissance, for example, automata were in vogue – figurative representations that were triggered and driven using clockwork. The automata usually fulfilled an artistic function and enjoyed great popularity.
The musical chime is also regarded as a secondary feature, which today can be seen as a gimmick, but at the time of its creation was a source of great fascination.
Even today, chimes in church tower and town hall clocks remain popular tourist attractions in some cities. The hourly chimes of large tower clocks are produced by striking mechanisms.
A special clock that fascinates a large number of collectors worldwide because of its striking mechanism is the cuckoo clock. The Black Forest is the traditional manufacturing region for cuckoo clocks. The elaborately decorated clocks are usually available as wall clocks. The clock is named after a small wooden cuckoo figure that peeks out of a window or door every hour on the hour and emits a cuckoo call that is triggered by small organ pipes or whistles inside the clock. Another characteristic feature of the cuckoo clock is the pendulum movement with a chain hoist.
Traditionally, hand-carved wooden figures from Val Gardena are used for Black Forest cuckoo clocks, which are popular for their high quality and artistic appeal. | Historia ya kuweka saa ni ya kale kama historia ya wanadamu. Tunakupa ufahamu mfupi juu ya asili ya saa na kukuonyesha siri gani zimefichwa katika kitu hiki cha kila siku ambacho huweka mwendo wa maisha yetu. Saa hiyo ina maana gani? Saa ni kifaa cha kupima wakati: inaonyesha ni saa ngapi, dakika ngapi na sekunde ngapi za siku; kama saa ya kusimama, inaweza kupima vipindi vya wakati, na kama saa ya kuamsha inaweza kuwaamsha watu kutoka usingizi. Ugunduzi wa kiakiolojia unaonyesha kwamba watu wamekuwa wakijitahidi kupima wakati tangu mwanzo wa wakati. Katika siku za mwanzo za ubinadamu, watu walitumia matukio ya nyota kama mwongozo, kusoma wakati wa siku kwa msaada wa saa za kivuli rahisi na kutumia kalenda za kwanza kwa madhumuni ya kidini. Hata hivyo, jambo lenye kupendeza hasa ni kwamba kipimo cha wakati kilitengenezwa kwa kujitegemea katika tamaduni zote. Inaonekana kuwa haja ya msingi ya kuwepo kwa binadamu kuamua wakati wa sasa na kupima vipindi vya wakati. Maisha bila kipimo cha wakati yamekuwa yasiyoweza kuwaziwa katika jamii yetu. Hata kama simu za mkononi zinachukua nafasi ya saa za mkono, saa za kila aina ni rafiki za kila siku ambazo hatuwezi na hatutaki kutokuwa nazo. Katika ulimwengu wa kazi, michakato ya uzalishaji, wakati wa burudani <unk> bila kipimo cha wakati, hatungeweza kuonekana kwa wakati kwa mikutano, kushiriki katika biashara ya kimataifa au kufanya miadi. Lakini kwa kuwa wakati unakumbusha watu juu ya upitio wake, tuna uhusiano wa kutatanisha nao na tungependa kutumia wakati uliopo kwetu kwa "faida" iwezekanavyo. Kutoka saa za mkono na saa za mchanga hadi saa za ukuta au saa za kuku zilizotengenezwa kwa mikono, saa pia zimekuwa vitu vya kukusanya; mwishowe, hakuna kutoroka uchawi na urembo wa kitu hiki cha kila siku cha siri. Tangu mwanzo hadi leo: maendeleo ya saa ya kale ya muda: anga daima imekuwa muhimu timekeeper: jua na mwezi kugawanywa siku katika sehemu mbili. Katika Misri ya kale, watu waliweka saa za kivuli ambazo zilikuwa na vipindi vya saa. Hata hivyo, saa hizo za kivuli zilikuwa na hasara kwa sababu ya urefu tofauti-tofauti wa mistari ya kivuli katika mwaka mzima. Saa za nyota za mstatili, ambazo zilitumia mwendo wa nyota, zilikuwa na kusudi la kidini: kwa msaada wao, wafu wangeweza kupanda mbinguni kwa urahisi zaidi. Saa ya maji ilianzishwa katika karne ya 16 KK, wakati maji yaliyotoka kwenye chupa ya maji yalipoonyesha wakati, na kwa njia hiyo, saa hiyo ilifanya kazi bila kujali majira au mwangaza. Saa za maji kama hizo zilitumiwa pia huko Babeli. Katika Ugiriki ya kale, saa za maji zilitumiwa mahakamani ili kupunguza muda wa kusema. "Wakati umekwisha" - usemi huu, ambao bado unatumiwa leo, unarejelea saa ya maji. Waroma walichukua kanuni za saa za maji na saa za jua kutoka tamaduni nyinginezo. Waarabu na Waarabu pia walitumia mbinu hiyo lakini waliendelea kuendeleza mbinu hiyo. Kupima wakati katika Enzi za Kati Pamoja na Milki ya Roma, ujuzi wa nyakati za kale ulipotea. Hata katika enzi za kati, wanasayansi walifanya kazi ya kuboresha saa za jua na za maji na kutengeneza vifaa vipya vya kupima wakati. Kwa mfano, saa ya mshumaa, ambayo ilikuwa rahisi kupata, yenye kutegemeka kwa kiasi fulani, na isiyotegemea nuru ya mchana, ilitengenezwa karibu mwaka 900 W.K. Mishumaa yenye urefu uleule na yenye umbo fulani ilipewa alama zilizoonya muda uliopita ilipokuwa ikiwaka. Vifaa muhimu zaidi vya kuonyesha wakati katika Enzi za Kati vilikuwa kengele zilizokuwa kwenye minara ya mji na ya kanisa. Tunaweza kuwazia jinsi kengele zilivyopiga kwa sauti kubwa ili kutangaza kufunguliwa kwa soko, nyakati za mahakama na bila shaka nyakati za sala katika makao ya watawa au misa katika makanisa makuu. Kutokezwa kwa saa ya kuokoa ilifanya iwezekane kutangaza matukio haya, ambayo yalikuwa muhimu kwa maisha ya enzi za kati, kwa wakati unaofaa, na pamoja nayo, maendeleo ya saa ya gurudumu, iliyotajwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika hati mnamo 1335. Ni saa katika vyumba vya walinzi wa mlango ambazo ziliunganisha jamii ya enzi za kati na kengele zao na kupiga saa. Baadaye, saa za mnara zilipotokea, hatimaye watu wengi waliweza kujua wakati. Ni watawala wachache tu na raia matajiri waliomiliki saa ya nyumbani - hasa saa za nyota zenye kutatanisha ambazo zilikuwa maarufu kwa sababu za uwakilishi. Kuanzia karne ya 15 na kuendelea, watengenezaji wa saa walijipanga wenyewe katika mashirika huru. Katika karne ya 14 na 15 waandishi wa vitabu walianza kutumia saa za mchanga, ambazo zilikuwa na uwezo wa kupima vipindi vya muda. Maendeleo zaidi ya urekebishaji wa wakati katika nyakati za kisasa Hata wakati wa Enzi ya Renaissance, saa ziliendelea kutengenezwa. Kwa kuwa saa hizo zilikuwa zimefichwa ndani ya kisanduku ili ziwe salama, saa hizo zilikuwa zinatumiwa sana. Kwa sababu ya vifaa vipya, vifaa bora zaidi, na uvumbuzi wa mashine ya kuendesha saa kwa msumari, saa zingeweza kutengenezwa kuwa ndogo zaidi. Wakati saa za kwanza za mfukoni zilipotengenezwa, ushindani wa kimataifa ulitokea miongoni mwa watengenezaji wa saa, ambao walifanikiwa zaidi kuliko wengine katika utengenezaji wa kazi bora za kiufundi na za kisanii. Hata saa za dakika na za sekunde ziliunganishwa katika saa hizo na hivyo ikawa rahisi kupima wakati kwa usahihi zaidi. Kwa mfano, katika Amerika, wakati wa karne ya 19, watengenezaji wa saa walianza kutengeneza saa za mfukoni. Saa hiyo ikawa bidhaa ya watu wengi na ikawa inapatikana kwa watu wengi zaidi na zaidi kutoka tabaka tofauti-tofauti za kijamii. Galileo Galilei alianzisha saa ya penduli na kutengeneza mashine ya kuteleza kwa uhuru, na wakati huohuo Christiaan Huygens, mwanasayansi wa Uholanzi, alianzisha saa ya penduli. Maendeleo hayo yalifanya iwezekane kuweka saa kwa usahihi sana. Sasa Uholanzi na Uingereza zilikuwa vituo muhimu zaidi vya utengenezaji wa saa. Katika karne ya 18, saa za kipekee zilikuwa zinatumiwa sana katika sanaa. Mataifa ya kikoloni yalifanya biashara kwa bidii ya bidhaa ambazo yaliingiza Ulaya kutoka ng'ambo ya bahari. Kwa hiyo, meli za baharini zilihitaji kuweka wakati kwa usahihi, jambo ambalo hatimaye lilitolewa na chronometer ya baharini iliyobuniwa mwaka wa 1759. Kupima Wakati Katika Enzi ya Kisasa Katika enzi ya viwanda, saa pia ikawa kitu cha uzalishaji wa wingi. Huko Ujerumani, Msitu wa Black Forest ukawa kituo cha utengenezaji wa saa na saa. Ili saa ifanye kazi, inahitaji chanzo cha nishati. Kwa kuwa viwanda viliongoza pia kwenye utekelezaji wa usambazaji wa umeme wa kitaifa, wazo la kutumia injini ya umeme kuendesha harakati za saa lilikuwa dhahiri. Injini zilitumiwa kugeuza miendo katika saa za mnara, kuendesha escape na pulsi za umeme au kusawazisha mifumo ya saa inayotumiwa katika trafiki ya reli. Lakini ni lini saa za mkono zikawa za mtindo? Saa za kwanza za vito, ambazo zinafanana na saa za mkono za leo, zilitengenezwa mapema karne ya 19. Katika jeshi la wanamaji, katika jeshi kwa ujumla, miongoni mwa marubani na wanariadha, faida za saa ndogo ya mkono zilitambuliwa haraka. Wakati John Harwood alianzisha saa ya moja kwa moja mnamo 1923, kampuni ya Rolex ilianzisha Oyster, saa ya kwanza ya mkono isiyoweza kuvunjika. Katika miaka ya 1930, thuluthi mbili ya saa zote zilizouzwa zilikuwa saa za mkono. Katika miaka ya nyuma, saa za kiatomiki zilitumiwa kwa kasi sana, na saa za quartz zilitengenezwa mwaka wa 1921 na saa za atomiki mwaka wa 1949. Tangu miaka ya 1960, saa za kuongoza kwa redio zimekuwa maarufu sana. Wakati wa saa: muhtasari wa vipengele muhimu zaidi Saa kwa kawaida huendeshwa ama kwa uzito, spring kuu au umeme kwa msaada wa usambazaji wa moja kwa moja kutoka kwa mtandao wa umeme au betri. Vipimo vya uzito ni rahisi kutengeneza na kwa hiyo huonwa kuwa aina rahisi zaidi ya usambazaji wa nishati. Hata hivyo, muda wao wa kuendesha ni mdogo kulingana na wingi. Saa zenye magurudumu zinazoendeshwa na mizigo lazima ziendeshwe kwa mkono au kwa umeme. Maendeleo ya chemchemi za chuma za saa yalifanya iwezekane kupunguza ukubwa wa harakati hiyo. Ili kuhakikisha kwamba saa hiyo inafanya kazi kwa utaratibu, ni lazima ufunge kifaa cha kuondoa hewa. Saa za kisasa za mkono huendeshwa na seli za kifungo zinazoweza kubadilishwa. Chembe za jua zaweza kutumiwa kuchaji betri kwa ukawaida. Gari-moshi la saa ni jumla ya magurudumu na pinions katika harakati. Sehemu za kibinafsi za gari la gia zinaweza kutengenezwa kwa mbao, chuma, plastiki au kauri. gear treni inatoa nishati kutoka drive kupitia escapement kwa mdhibiti wa saa. Magurudumu mbalimbali ya gia huzunguka kwa mwendo tofauti. Kwa kawaida saa za mitambo huwa na kifaa cha kupiga ambacho husababisha sauti kama vile kengele au gong. Mabadiliko ya kalenda, mabadiliko ya chronograph au mabadiliko ya awamu ya mwezi ni mabadiliko ya ziada ambayo hutumiwa katika saa ngumu zaidi. Katika saa za mitambo, kifaa hicho huandaa wakati unaofaa. Kutoroka huanzia kwenye ukingo na utaratibu wa foliot hadi penduli. Mara nyingi ubora wa mashine hiyo huonyesha ustadi wa mtengenezaji wa saa. Watengenezaji wengi wa saa walitengeneza vifaa tata ili kulinda sehemu hiyo nyeti ya kutoroka kutoka kwa uvutano wa nje. Ni nini kinachoweza kuwa kizuri zaidi kuliko kioo kilichoundwa vizuri ambacho vidole vyenye kupendeza hujipiga ili kumwambia mtazamaji wakati wa sasa kwa mtazamo wa kwanza? Wakati wa kawaida huonyeshwa kwenye dawati. Saa nyingi za mkono zina angalau saa na dakika, lakini nyingi pia zina mkono wa pili na kuonyesha wakati wa ziada kwa kuamua tarehe, awamu ya mwezi au vigezo vingine. Kwa kawaida dials ni za mviringo au za mraba, na pete ya dials hufanya iwe rahisi kusoma wakati. Muundo wa dials ni chini ya mtindo na mara nyingi ina jukumu kubwa katika uamuzi wa kununua saa. Kwa kuongezea dials na mikono, kuna pia maonyesho ya wakati wa dijiti na suluhisho zingine za kisanii na ubunifu ambazo huruhusu mtazamaji kuona wakati. Kwa karne nyingi, watengenezaji wa saa na wavumbuzi wamebuni vifaa vingi vya ziada ili kukamilisha saa ya kawaida. Kwa mfano, wakati wa Enzi ya Renaissance, mashine za kiotomatiki zilikuwa za kawaida - michoro ya mfano ambayo ilianzishwa na kuendeshwa kwa kutumia saa. Kwa kawaida mashine hizo zilitumiwa kwa kusudi la kisanii na zilipendwa sana. Muziki wa chime pia huonwa kama kipengele cha pili, ambacho leo kinaweza kuonekana kama ujanja, lakini wakati wa uundaji wake ilikuwa chanzo cha kuvutia sana. Hata leo, kengele za mnara wa kanisa na saa za ukumbi wa jiji bado ni vivutio maarufu vya watalii katika majiji fulani. Sauti za saa za mnara mkubwa huchezwa kwa kutumia vifaa vya kupiga. Saa ya kipekee ambayo huvutia idadi kubwa ya wakusanyaji ulimwenguni pote kwa sababu ya utaratibu wake wa kupiga ni saa ya kuku. Msitu wa Black Forest ni eneo la kitamaduni la utengenezaji wa saa za kuku. Kwa kawaida saa hizo zilizopambwa kwa ustadi hupatikana kama saa za ukuta. Saa hiyo inaitwa kwa jina la kiumbe kidogo cha mbao kinachoonekana kama kuku, ambacho hutoka nje ya dirisha au mlango kila saa na hutoa sauti ya kuku inayotokezwa na mabomba madogo ya ala au filimbi ndani ya saa. Jambo jingine la pekee la saa ya kuku ni mwendo wa penduli wenye kifaa cha kuinua mnyororo. Kwa kawaida, sanamu za mbao zilizochongwa kwa mkono kutoka Val Gardena hutumiwa kutengeneza saa za Black Forest, ambazo ni maarufu kwa ubora wao wa juu na urembo wao. | <urn:uuid:00604eed-e67e-43ff-87cb-dd07693ea348> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.timecentre.co.za/the-history-of-the-clock/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
May 2017 Issue
Pulses in the Mediterranean Diet
By Sharon Palmer, RDN
Vol. 19, No. 5, P. 22
Pulses—beans, lentils, and peas—are the backbone of the traditional Mediterranean diet, which is associated with multiple health benefits. Take a lesson or two on how these humble foods can be nutritious, as well as delicious, within this cultural eating style.
As I sat in a sun-drenched outdoor café in the charming village of Vamos, Crete, a black-and-white cat rubbing against my ankle, the restaurant owner brought out a large bowl of beans to accompany my tomato, olive, and cucumber salad. The menu did little to describe how the beans might be prepared, but when they arrived I was pleased. The large, fleshy gigantes beans were cooked to just the right texture—a bit firm on the outside, yet creamy on the inside—and they'd been simmered in a broth of tomatoes, onions, carrots, garlic, and fresh oregano. Right before the dish arrived, the chef had drizzled the beans generously with Cretan extra virgin olive oil. And he brought a basket of rustic, toasted bread for an accompaniment, which I used to sop up the savory broth. It might sound simple, yet the meal was one of the most memorable of my entire trip in Greece.
This meal serves as an example of how pulses, such as dried beans, lentils, and peas, are at the very backbone of the traditional Mediterranean diet pattern, which reflects the way of eating in 16 countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, including Italy, Morocco, Spain, Greece, France, Turkey, and Lebanon. The key feature of this traditional eating style is a focus on plant foods, such as vegetables, fruits, grains, nuts, seeds, herbs, spices, and, of course, pulses. The main animal food in the diet is seafood, with moderate amounts of poultry, eggs, and dairy products and low amounts of red meat.
"Pulses are the humble backbone of Mediterranean cuisine, appearing in numerous traditional Mediterranean dishes," says Kelly Toups, MLA, RD, LDN, program director at Oldways. "On the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, pulses appear at the base, alongside fruits, vegetables, grains, olive oil, herbs, and spices, as these wholesome plant foods are the focus of daily meals."
The researcher Ancel Keys, who launched the Seven Countries Study in 1958, is credited as the first to take notice of the associations between the Mediterranean diet and health.1 At that time, the Mediterranean diet—not really a "diet" but a way of life that had evolved over the millennia in this region—was considered the "poor man's" diet. Instead of more expensive protein choices, such as red meat, which wasn't well suited for domestication in the Mediterranean, good old reliable pulses often were turned to as a primary source of protein in this traditional diet. Little did the people of this region suspect that pulses were an important facet in their celebrated vitality.
"He walks to work daily and labors in the soft light of his Greek isle, midst the droning of crickets and the bray of distant donkeys, in the peace of his land. … His midday, main meal is of eggplant, with large livery mushrooms, crisp vegetables, and country bread dipped in the nectar that is golden Cretan olive oil. … Other meals are hot dishes of legumes seasoned with meats and condiments. The main dish is followed by a tangy salad, then by dates, Turkish sweets, nuts, or succulent fresh fruits. A sharp local wine completes this varied and savory cuisine. This living pattern, repeated six days a week, is climaxed by a happy Saturday evening. … He is handsome, rugged, kindly—and virile. His is the lowest heart-attack risk, the lowest death rate, and the greatest life expectancy in the Western world."
— Henry Blackburn, MD, describing the "low-coronary-risk male" in the Seven Countries Study
"Historically, meats and poultry were much more expensive than they are today, making animal protein harder to come by," Toups says. "In addition, Mediterranean culture before the mid-20th century drew heavily from religion, such as Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, as well as Islam and Judaism, which dictated frequent periods of religious fasting from meats and poultry. Dried pulses, such as chickpeas, lentils, or cannellini beans, offered a more affordable source of protein to Mediterranean people, and are shelf stable to boot," Toups says.
Health Benefits in Abundance
Today, we know that a body of evidence links the Mediterranean diet with multiple health benefits. According to Oldways, a nonprofit organization well-known for establishing the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid and its programs, hundreds of studies support the health advantages of the Mediterranean diet, including increased lifespan; improved brain function, rheumatoid arthritis, eye health, and fertility; better weight management; and reduced risk of certain cancers, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression.2 In fact, in the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern is recommended as one of three eating styles that Americans should consider adopting for optimal health.3 While it's the entire eating pattern that provides benefits associated with the Mediterranean diet, pulses are truly a key characteristic of this diet. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans' Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern recommends 11/2 cups per week of cooked beans and peas in a 2,000-kcal/day eating plan.3
Power in the Pulse
Pulses provide a rich source of nutrients in the traditional Mediterranean diet. A 1/2-cup serving contains at least 20% DV for fiber, folate, and manganese; at least 10% DV for protein, potassium, iron, magnesium, and copper; and 6% to 8% DV for selenium and zinc; as well as phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic compounds. The rich lysine content of pulses, when eaten in diets abundant in other plant foods, such as grains, provides a high-quality source of protein in the diet with adequate intakes of all amino acids.
John Sievenpiper, MD, PhD, FRCPC, an associate professor in the department of nutritional sciences at the University of Toronto, is an expert on pulses, having performed research on their benefits. Sievenpiper says, "Dietary pulses result in clinically meaningful improvements in glycemic control, as well as blood lipids, blood pressure, and body weight. These cardiometabolic benefits of dietary pulses translate into an important association with decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease." He explains that clinical practice guidelines have begun to recognize dietary pulses, as there has been a shift away from nutrient-based recommendations to more food and dietary pattern-based recommendations. "Traditional diets that combine the advantages of different foods result in benefits comparable to those seen with medications and provide the best opportunity for addressing the epidemics of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease," Sievenpiper adds. He recommends that including pulses can be a practical food-based strategy used to the greatest benefits within a healthful dietary pattern such as the Mediterranean diet.
Pulses Historical Roots
Pulses are the third-largest plant family, with more than 19,400 species, according to Sara Rose, vice president and director of government and industry affairs for Bush Brothers & Company. She explains that pulses are dry edible seeds with low fat content and include dried beans, peas, chickpeas, beans, lentils, fava beans/broad beans, black-eyed peas/field peas, pigeon peas, lupines, bambara beans, and bitter vetch.
Members of the pulse family were among the first cultivated plants in the Mediterranean. In many sunny regions around the Mediterranean Sea, the inhabitants turned to farming for sustenance, and pulses were easy to grow, requiring fewer agricultural inputs and resources, and the harvest could be stored for months on end. These plants have the ability to obtain nitrogen from the atmosphere through the action of special bacteria that live in nodules on their roots. This nitrogen goes into the production of protein for humans when people eat the seeds, and when the plant dies it returns nitrogen to the soil, building up soil fertility. This was an important facet for the nutrient-poor soil in the Mediterranean region.4 There's great variety in the Mediterranean's pulses. Native to the region are the important pulses fava, lentils, and chickpeas, as well as lupine beans, bitter vetch, and field peas. Other pulses were introduced later on, such as the cowpea from East Africa, tepary bean from the Americas, and lima bean from Peru.4
"Historically, people did plant and eat pulses, before developed nations came and told them to grow and eat other things that weren't as well suited for them," says Jenny Chandler, a Bristol, England-based food writer and United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization European Special Ambassador for the International Year of the Pulses. "Pulses have an extraordinary, long storage life; they can last for months dried or canned, and they can be planted again in times of disaster. They have a long root system, can grow in marginal areas, and can be grown as an intercrop with other crops. They're adaptive; they have been grown for hundreds of years, and they have the ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, which means less synthetic fertilizers. They're highly water efficient, requiring less water to grow than wheat, rice, or animal foods, and they contribute to food security."
Applying Lessons From the Mediterranean to Promoting Pulses
There are so many reasons—and ways—to inspire your clients to maximize pulses within a healthful eating pattern. "Incorporating more pulses into your meals is a great way to honor the spirit of the Mediterranean diet, while still allowing ample room for creativity," Toups says. "While 'pulses' aren't yet a household name in the US, Western favorites such as burgers, casseroles, and dips are actually very well suited for this versatile food group."
Pulses can be incorporated in each meal occasion: at breakfast with breakfast bean burritos or English-style baked beans, at snack-time with roasted chickpeas and hummus, for lunch with entrée salads sprinkled with kidney beans or lentil soup, and at dinner with entrées such as chili, bean stews, chickpea curry, and falafels.
Toups also suggests that black beans can add sustenance to veggie burger patties, and hold up beautifully to any number of burger toppings. "Hummus, black bean dips, and fava dips make delicious appetizers or game day bites, especially when paired with whole grain crackers or vegetable crudités. And chili recipes, the pride of many home cooks, are delicious when made with kidney beans or other pulses," Toups adds.
— Sharon Palmer, RDN, is the nutrition editor of Today's Dietitian and author of Plant-Powered for Life and The Plant-Powered Diet. She blogs every day at SharonPalmer.com.
1. Ancel Keys. The Seven Countries Study website. http://www.sevencountriesstudy.com/about-the-study/investigators/ancel-keys/. Accessed February 21, 2017.
2. Mediterranean diet. Oldways website. http://www.oldwayspt.org/traditional-diets/mediterranean-diet. Accessed February 21, 2017.
3. 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion website. https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/. Accessed February 15, 2017.
4. Wright CA. The world of legumes. Clifford A. Wright website. http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/topic_id/6/id/103/. Accessed February 15, 2017. | "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya ""Mifugo katika Chakula cha Mediterania"" ya Sharon Palmer, RDN, Mei 2017." 19 (Soma zaidi.) Pulses, maharagwe, lentils, na maharagwe ni uti wa mgongo wa chakula cha jadi cha Mediterania, ambacho kinahusishwa na faida nyingi za afya. Kujifunza jinsi ya kula vyakula vya kawaida na vyenye lishe nzuri katika utamaduni huu. Nilipokuwa nikiketi kwenye mkahawa wa nje uliokuwa umechomwa na jua katika kijiji kizuri cha Vamos, Krete, paka mweusi na mweupe akinipiga kwenye mguu, mmiliki wa mkahawa huyo alileta bakuli kubwa la maharagwe ili kuandamana na saladi yangu ya nyanya, zeituni, na matango. Menyu haikueleza jinsi maharagwe hayo yangeweza kutayarishwa, lakini yalipofika nilifurahi. Mbegu hizo kubwa, zenye nyama kubwa zilipikwa kwa muundo unaofaa - zenye nguvu kidogo nje, lakini zenye umajimaji ndani - na zilikuwa zimepikwa katika mchuzi wa nyanya, vitunguu, karoti, vitunguu, na oregano safi. Kabla tu ya sahani hiyo kufika, mpishi alikuwa amepaka maharagwe hayo mafuta ya mzeituni ya Krete. Na alileta kikapu cha mkate wa kijijini, uliokaangwa kwa ajili ya kuandamana, ambayo nilitumia kuondoa mchuzi wa ladha. Huenda ikaonekana kuwa rahisi, lakini mlo huo ulikuwa mojawapo ya mlo usioweza kusahaulika zaidi katika safari yangu yote ya Ugiriki. Chakula hiki ni mfano wa jinsi mboga, kama vile maharagwe yaliyokaushwa, vitunguu, na maharagwe, ni uti wa mgongo wa mtindo wa chakula cha jadi cha Mediterania, ambayo inaonyesha njia ya kula katika nchi 16 zinazozunguka Bahari ya Mediterania, ikiwa ni pamoja na Italia, Morocco, Uhispania, Ugiriki, Ufaransa, Uturuki, na Lebanon. Mazoezi ya kawaida ya chakula cha kawaida ni ya mimea, kama vile mboga, matunda, nafaka, karanga, mbegu, mimea, viungo, na bila shaka, mboga. Chakula kikuu cha wanyama katika mlo huo ni chakula cha baharini, pamoja na kiasi kidogo cha kuku, mayai, na bidhaa za maziwa na kiasi kidogo cha nyama nyekundu. "Mchwa ni uti wa mgongo wa vyakula vya Mediterania, unaoonekana katika sahani nyingi za jadi za Mediterania, ""anasema Kelly Toups, MLA, RD, LDN, mkurugenzi wa programu katika Oldways." "Katika Piramidi ya Chakula cha Mediterania, mboga huonekana chini, pamoja na matunda, mboga, nafaka, mafuta ya zeituni, mimea, na vikolezo, kwa kuwa vyakula hivyo vyenye afya ni sehemu muhimu ya chakula cha kila siku". Ancel Keys, mwanasayansi wa utafiti wa nchi saba, aliandika kitabu chake cha kwanza cha utafiti wa nchi saba, kilichoitwa The Seven Countries Study, kilichohusu chakula cha Mediterania, ambacho kilikuwa ni njia ya maisha ya watu maskini. Badala ya kuchagua protini ghali zaidi, kama vile nyama nyekundu, ambayo haikufaa kwa ufugaji katika Mediterania, mboga nzuri za zamani za kuaminika mara nyingi ziligeuzwa kuwa chanzo kikuu cha protini katika lishe hii ya jadi. Watu wa eneo hilo hawakujua kwamba mboga za magugu zilikuwa sehemu muhimu ya uhai wao uliojulikana sana. "Anakwenda kazini kila siku akitembea na kufanya kazi katika mwanga laini wa kisiwa chake cha Kigiriki, katikati ya kelele za korongo na kelele za punda wa mbali, katika amani ya nchi yake.""" Chakula chake kikuu cha mchana ni mdalasini, na uyoga mkubwa, mboga nyangavu, na mkate wa nchi uliotiwa nectar ambayo ni mafuta ya mzeituni ya dhahabu ya Krethe. ... Vyakula vingine ni vyakula vya moto vya mboga zilizopakwa nyama na vikolezo. Chakula kikuu hufuatwa na saladi yenye ladha kali, kisha na mihogo, peremende ya Kituruki, karanga, au matunda matamu. Mvinyo mkali wa mahali hapo hutimiza vyakula hivi vyenye ladha mbalimbali na vyenye ladha nzuri. Mfano huu wa maisha, unaorudiwa siku sita kwa juma, hufikia upeo wakati wa jioni yenye furaha ya Jumamosi. Yeye ni mrembo, mgumu, mwenye fadhili na mwenye nguvu. Yeye ndiye mwenye hatari ya chini zaidi ya kupatwa na mshtuko wa moyo, kiwango cha chini zaidi cha vifo, na umri mkubwa zaidi wa kutazamia kuishi katika ulimwengu wa Magharibi." "Hii ni kwa sababu Henry Blackburn, MD, anaelezea ""kiwango cha chini cha hatari ya coronary"" katika utafiti wa nchi saba: ""Kihistoria, nyama na kuku zilikuwa ghali zaidi kuliko ilivyo leo, na kufanya protini ya wanyama kuwa ngumu kupata.""" "Kwa kuongezea, utamaduni wa Mediterania kabla ya katikati ya karne ya 20 ulichukua sana kutoka kwa dini, kama vile makanisa ya Kigiriki ya Orthodox na Katoliki ya Kirumi, pamoja na Uislamu na Dini ya Kiyahudi, ambayo ilitoa vipindi vya mara kwa mara vya kufunga kidini kutoka kwa nyama na kuku. """ "Mazao ya mboga kavu, kama vile chickpeas, lentils, au maharagwe ya cannellini, yalitoa chanzo cha bei nafuu cha protini kwa watu wa Mediterania, na ni ya rafu ya kudumu, ""Toups anasema." Kuna mengi ya faida za afya, lakini kuna ushahidi kwamba mlo wa Mediterania una faida nyingi kwa afya. Kulingana na Oldways, shirika lisilo la faida linalojulikana kwa kuanzisha Piramidi ya Chakula cha Mediterania na programu zake, mamia ya masomo yanasaidia faida za afya za lishe ya Mediterania, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuongeza maisha; kuboresha kazi ya ubongo, ugonjwa wa arthritis, afya ya jicho, na uzazi; usimamizi bora wa uzito; na kupunguza hatari ya saratani fulani, ugonjwa wa moyo, shinikizo la damu, kisukari, ugonjwa wa Alzheimer, ugonjwa wa Parkinson, na kushuka moyo. Miongozo ya Chakula kwa Mfano wa Chakula cha Afya ya Mediterania ya Wamarekani inapendekeza vikombe 11 kwa wiki vya maharagwe na maharagwe yaliyopikwa katika mpango wa kula wa 2,000-kcal kwa siku. A: 1 2 kikombe cha chakula cha mchana kina angalau 20% ya DV kwa nyuzi, folate, na manganese; angalau 10% ya DV kwa protini, potasiamu, chuma, magnesiamu, na shaba; na 6% hadi 8% ya DV kwa seleniamu na zinki; pamoja na phytochemicals kama vile alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, na misombo ya phenolic. Lisin ya mboga, wakati inapatikana katika vyakula vingi vya mimea, kama vile nafaka, hutoa chanzo cha protini ya hali ya juu katika chakula na ulaji wa kutosha wa asidi zote za amino. John Sievenpiper, PhD, Mtaalamu wa Sayansi ya Lishe katika Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto, ni mtaalamu wa mboga na amefanya utafiti juu ya faida zao. Sievenpiper anasema, "Mafunzo ya lishe husababisha maboresho ya kliniki yenye maana katika udhibiti wa glycemic, pamoja na lipids za damu, shinikizo la damu, na uzito wa mwili. Faida hizi za cardiometabolic za pulses za chakula hutafsiriwa katika uhusiano muhimu na kupungua kwa visa vya ugonjwa wa moyo na mishipa ya damu. " "Mwongozo wa mazoezi ya kliniki umeanza kutambua ""mchanganyiko wa lishe,"" kwani kumekuwa na mabadiliko kutoka kwa mapendekezo ya msingi wa virutubisho hadi mapendekezo zaidi ya msingi wa chakula na mtindo wa lishe." "Mlo wa kawaida unaounganisha faida za vyakula tofauti unaleta faida zinazolingana na zile zinazoonekana na dawa na hutoa fursa bora ya kushughulikia magonjwa ya kuharibika kwa uzito, kisukari, na ugonjwa wa moyo na mishipa ya damu, ""aliongeza Sievenpiper." "Mwanasayansi huyo anasema kuwa ""kujumuisha mboga za majani inaweza kuwa mkakati wa vitendo wa chakula unaotumika kwa faida kubwa ndani ya muundo wa lishe yenye afya kama vile lishe ya Mediterania.""" Mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea. Mimea ya mboga ni mbegu kavu zinazokula na zenye mafuta machache na ni pamoja na maharagwe kavu, maharagwe, maharagwe, maharagwe, maharagwe, maharagwe ya fava, maharagwe ya macho nyeusi, maharagwe ya shamba, maharagwe ya njiwa, maharagwe ya bamboo, na maharagwe ya uchungu. Mimea ya aina ya pulse ilikuwa mojawapo ya mimea ya kwanza kupandwa katika Bahari ya Mediterania. Katika maeneo mengi yenye jua karibu na Bahari ya Mediterania, wakazi waligeukia kilimo ili kupata riziki, na mbegu zilikuwa rahisi kukuza, zikihitaji vifaa na rasilimali chache za kilimo, na mavuno yangeweza kuhifadhiwa kwa miezi mingi. Mimea hiyo huchukua nitrojeni kutoka angahewa kwa kutumia bakteria fulani zinazopatikana kwenye mizizi yake. Nitrojeni hiyo hutumiwa kutengeneza protini kwa ajili ya wanadamu wakati watu wanapokula mbegu, na wakati mmea unapokufa inarudisha nitrojeni kwenye udongo, na hivyo kuongeza uzazi wa udongo. Hii ni kwa sababu ya udongo wa Mediterania ambao ni maskini wa virutubisho na kwa sababu ya aina mbalimbali za mboga za mboga. Katika eneo hilo kuna maharagwe muhimu ya fava, ndizi, na maharagwe, na pia maharagwe ya lupine, vitch chungu, na maharagwe ya shamba. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""Mapinduzi ya zamani ya Afrika ya Mashariki, kama vile maharagwe ya teparin kutoka Amerika, na maharagwe ya lima kutoka Peru, ni ya kawaida kwa watu kupanda na kula maharagwe kabla ya mataifa ya kisasa kuja na kuwaambia kukuza na kula vitu vingine ambavyo havikufaa kwao,"" anasema Jenny Chandler, mwandishi wa chakula wa Bristol, Uingereza na Balozi Maalum wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Chakula na Kilimo kwa Mwaka wa Kimataifa wa Maharagwe." "Mimea ya mboga ina maisha ya kuhifadhi ya muda mrefu; inaweza kudumu kwa miezi kadhaa ikiwa imekaushwa au imewekwa kwenye makopo, na inaweza kupandwa tena wakati wa msiba. """ Wana mfumo mrefu wa mizizi, wanaweza kukua katika maeneo ya pembeni, na wanaweza kukua kama intercrop na mazao mengine. Mimea hii imekua kwa mamia ya miaka na ina uwezo wa kuunganisha nitrojeni katika udongo, na hivyo kupunguza matumizi ya mbolea za synthetic. "Hizi ni mbegu za maji, zinahitaji maji kidogo kukua kuliko ngano, mchele, au chakula cha wanyama, na zinachangia usalama wa chakula. """ Kutumia masomo kutoka Mediterania kukuza pulses Kuna sababu nyingi <unk> na njia <unk>kuchochea wateja wako kuongeza pulses ndani ya mtindo wa kula afya. "Kujumuisha mboga nyingi katika chakula chako ni njia nzuri ya kuheshimu roho ya lishe ya Mediterania, wakati bado ukiruhusu nafasi ya kutosha kwa ubunifu, ""Toups anasema." "Wakati 'pulses' bado si jina la kaya nchini Marekani, favorites Magharibi kama vile burgers, casseroles, na dips ni kweli vizuri sana kwa ajili ya kundi hili la chakula versatile. """ Pulses inaweza kuingizwa katika kila chakula cha jioni: wakati wa kiamsha kinywa na burritos ya maharagwe au maharagwe ya Kiingereza, wakati wa vitafunio na chickpeas na hummus, wakati wa chakula cha mchana na saladi za entries zilizopakwa maharagwe ya figo au supu ya lentil, na wakati wa chakula cha jioni na entries kama vile chili, stews ya maharagwe, curry ya chickpeas, na falafel. Toups pia inashauri kwamba maharagwe nyeusi inaweza kuongeza chakula kwa veggie burger patties, na kushikilia up vizuri kwa idadi yoyote ya toppings burger. Hummus, dip ya maharagwe meusi, na dip ya fava hufanya appetizers ladha au bite ya siku ya mchezo, hasa wakati paired na crackers nafaka nzima au crudités mboga. "Na mapishi ya pilipili, kiburi cha wapishi wengi wa nyumbani, ni mazuri sana yanapofanywa kwa maharagwe au mboga nyingine, ""aongezea Toups." Sharon Palmer, Mkurugenzi wa Mazao ya Today's Dietitian, ni mwandishi wa kitabu cha Plant-Powered for Life na The Plant-Powered Diet. Yeye anaandika kila siku kwenye SharonPalmer.com. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Ancel Keys. Tovuti ya Utafiti wa Nchi Saba. "Hii ni kwa sababu ya ""seven countries study"" ambayo ni utafiti wa nchi saba na inaonyesha kwamba nchi saba zina uwezo wa kufanya utafiti wa nchi saba." Ilipatikana Februari 21, 2017. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Chakula cha Mediterania. Tovuti ya Oldways. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala hii, ""Mipango ya chakula ya kitamaduni ya Mediterania"" ni mojawapo ya njia za chakula cha kitamaduni." Ilipatikana Februari 21, 2017. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Miongozo ya Lishe ya 2015-2020 kwa Wamarekani Ofisi ya Kuzuia Magonjwa na Uendelezaji wa Afya tovuti. (Hii ni kwa mujibu wa miongozo ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya ya afya). Ilipatikana Februari 15, 2017. 4. Uwe na uhakika CA Wright Ulimwengu wa mboga. Clifford A. Wright tovuti. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa ""Cliff & Wright"" (Cliff & Wright, 2013) na ""Cliff & Wright, 2013"" (Cliff & Wright, 2013) na ""Cliff & Wright, 2013"" (Cliff & Wright, 2013) na ""Cliff & Wright, 2013"" (Cliff & Wright, 2013) na ""Cliff & Wright, 2013"" (Cliff & Wright, 2013)." Ilipatikana Februari 15, 2017. | <urn:uuid:c8a49636-ecb0-432c-ac1b-ce57d1b46248> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/0517p22.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
How long COVID sheds light on other mysterious (and lonely) chronic illnesses
The number of new COVID-19 cases is insteep decline in many parts of the U.S., but it's still unknown how many of the people who've had the illness will develop the lingering symptoms oflong COVID-19.
Journalist Meghan O'Rourke, who has been writing about long COVID-19 forThe Atlantic andScientific American, says as the coronavirus pandemic was starting to unfold in the U.S., she was dreading "the prospect of a tremendous wave of chronic illness that would follow."
That's because O'Rourke has firsthand experience living with poorly understood chronic conditions. That has made her sensitive to the struggles of patients living with hard-to-diagnose diseases who often have had their symptoms dismissed by a medical system that can't pin them down.
Long COVID-19 can be similarly hard to characterize. The term encompasses "a wide variety of symptoms that persist long after the initial infection with theSARS-CoV-2 virus," O'Rourke says. "Those symptoms might include chest pain, but they also include so-called vague and subjective symptoms like brain fog or fatigue and roaming pain in the body."
The symptoms of long COVID-19 can be difficult to track on conventional lab tests, in part because they may come and go over time. "And all of this puts pressure on patients who then have to testify to the reality of their own illness," O'Rourke says.
O'Rourke writes about her own experience struggling to get a diagnosis in her new book, The Invisible Kingdom: Reimagining Chronic Illness. For O'Rourke, it all started in the late 1990s, soon after graduating from college. Over the years, her symptoms have included extreme fatigue, brain fog, joint pain, nerve pain, hives, fevers and more. She visited a number of specialists, but more often than not, the doctors attributed what she was experiencing to stress or anxiety.
"The hardest part of being ill was that I didn't feel I had any advocate on my side who even believed fully in the reality of what I was describing to them," she says. "When you're at the edge of medical knowledge, the lack of evidence is treated as evidence that the problem is you and your mind. ... I felt, in a sense, kind of locked away in a room like a 19th-century hysteric."
When you're at the edge of medical knowledge, the lack of evidence is treated as evidence that the problem is you and your mind. ... I felt, in a sense, kind of locked away in a room like a 19th-century hysteric.
Eventually, O'Rourke found a team of doctors whom she likens to "detectives at my side." She was diagnosed withautoimmune thyroiditis, a disease in which the body begins attacking the thyroid, as well as withLyme disease and the genetic conditionEhlers-Danlos syndrome.
For O'Rourke, just getting a diagnosis felt like a triumph. But she acknowledges that many others who suffer from chronic illnesses don't have the same resources to continue seeking treatment.
"It's really clear from research that, in fact, social structures are a major factor in all of this," she says. "I think we're witnessing a calamity that is one not of personal failure, but of societal failure, and one that we really need to reckon with openly."
She spoke with Fresh Air's Terry Gross about her new book, chronic illness and long COVID-19.
On current theories and research about the cause of long COVID-19 and its impact on chronic diseases
When we get sick, our immune system springs into action, trying to get rid of the pathogens that have entered, or even invaded, our body, and tries to push them out. And so one theory of long COVID has been that in some people, that immune response just doesn't turn off for a wide variety of reasons. And so they keep getting damage to their body done by their own immune system, either an autoimmune process or inflammation.
There's also some evidence suggesting that in some parts of the body, fragments of the virus remain or in other parts that the virus itself remains, persisting and triggering ongoing immune action. ...
One of the great mysteries is: Why do some people get a mild case of acute COVID and then end up unable to walk up and down stairs, almost bedridden, subsumed in brain fog? A recent study found that there are some indicators that can tell us a little bit about who might be prone to get long COVID. One such indicator is the level of coronavirus RNA in your blood early on in the infection.
That tells us something about that term "viral load." If you have a high viral load early in your infection, even if your symptoms are mild, you might end up with long COVID. There's also evidence that some of these things called "autoantibodies," which are the antibodies in autoimmune disease ... that instead of attacking those pathogens that are coming into your body, actually end up mistakenly, mysteriously attacking your own tissue instead. Another factor is people who have reactivated Epstein-Barr virus, which many of us have had, but some of us have these episodes of reactivation that can be a sign that you might develop long COVID, and another is the presence of Type 2 diabetes.
On how her experiences with chronic illness made her aware of long COVID-19 early on in the pandemic
What kept me up at night as the coronavirus pandemic came to the United States was not just the wave of acute infections that were clearly coming, but also the prospect of a tremendous wave of chronic illness that would follow them. The research I had been doing already for five years had taught me that in many cases, infections can leave ongoing problems in a subset of patients in ways that we're just beginning in medical science to really research and understand.
Many autoimmune diseases are triggered by viruses, in fact. It's the interaction of a virus or an infection with your own genetics [that] can, in some cases, trigger conditions like lupus or multiple sclerosis, as we just found out in a big study. So I had been talking to virologists and researchers who work on the ways that Epstein-Barr creates all kinds of lung conditions. And reading these early reports of the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus just had me worrying that a tremendous number of people were going to get sick and never get better.
So I was kind of lurking on message boards and reading around from pretty much April of 2020 to see what I was seeing and pretty quickly just started seeing these terrifying messages that reminded me so much of my own case where people were saying, "I just never got better. I got sick. I have brain fog. My energy is gone. I'm not the person I once was." I read those with a chill of recognition.
On connecting the 19th-century diagnosis of "hysteria" to today's autoimmune diseases
A lot of women who ended up diagnosed with hysteria had abdominal pain, bouts of fatigue, symptoms that came and went. So doctors originally were trying to kind of figure out what was wrong with these women, and they thought that it was a disorder of the nervous system, which was newly discovered and something there was a lot of excitement around. And when they couldn't find an answer in their tests, they then ended up abandoning that idea. Doctors start to increasingly talk about the ways that hysteria is caused by women's brains, that women are trying to use their brains too much and so therefore they're sick.
The reason I [say] autoimmune diseases and chronic fatigue syndrome, or myalgic encephalomyelitis, and chronic Lyme disease and fibromyalgia ... are today's "hysteria" is that ... in the research I did, you can see medicine is incredibly uncomfortable with areas of uncertainty, diseases it can't measure, diseases it doesn't have a really clear handle on. And so when ... anyone who has one of these diseases goes into a doctor's office and says, "Doctor, I'm experiencing fatigue. I'm experiencing brain fog. It comes and goes," you very quickly get to the question of whether you're anxious. ...
There's this really fascinating phenomenon in current medical science in which patients who live at the edge of medical knowledge, patients whose diseases we have a tough time measuring or we just don't understand yet ... rather than being told, "Hey, you're probably someone who has something I don't understand," such patients are often told: "I think you should see a psychiatrist. I think you are suffering from anxiety. Maybe you have depression."
I want to be really clear: Advances in how we treat mental illness are one of the great triumphs of 20th-century medicine, and it's really important to talk about mental health and chronic illness. But the problem I kept seeing patients talk to me about — and what happened to me — is that doctors often go to the suspicion of anxiety in a way that forecloses further investigation into what might be going on.
On why she found integrative medicine helpful
The reason I found it so helpful was that they take a whole-body approach. They are medically trained doctors, so they're looking at your labs and they're prescribing medication when appropriate, but they were also talking to me about things like my sleeping habits, the level of stress in my life and food sensitivities and trying to really help me figure out what foods made me feel better and what foods made me feel worse, because a lot of the time when I ate, I just felt really sick afterwards — I got terrible headaches. So they worked with me very patiently to try to manage my illness. ...
I think working with integrative doctors helped me feel that I did have a partner in my health care. I'm a very evidence-based person, so one always has questions about some of the aspects of medicine that are less well studied, like supplements and all of that, but in my case, it just became really clear that what these doctors were doing with me, the kinds of lifestyle changes they were advocating, made a big difference in my day-to-day functioning.
On why she believes chronic illness is representative of this time we're living in
One of the things I found in my reporting was that many people who lived with these illnesses, who lived with autoimmunity, thought that the problem was something in themselves ... that they were living an inauthentic life. They hadn't lived the life they should lead. And in this way, they took their illness and they turned it into a metaphor for personal inauthenticity that only they could overcome, which is a huge burden for an individual to live with. ...
These diseases kind of allow both sick people and people who are healthy to see the problem as an individual problem, [and that] allows us to look away from the social factors that are contributing to the rise of these diseases. So everything from food deserts to lack of chemical regulation to probably our chronically fast-paced lifestyles and lack of social safety nets for new mothers and all sorts of things. I really just came to think that these diseases reveal something to us about our culture in a way that made them deeply representative of aspects of the time that we needed to look more deeply at.
Sam Briger and Joel Wolfram produced and edited this interview for broadcast. Bridget Bentz, Molly Seavy-Nesper and Carmel Wroth adapted it for the web.
Copyright 2022 Fresh Air. To see more, visit Fresh Air. | COVID-19 inaonyesha dalili za ugonjwa wa muda mrefu na wa muda mrefu, na idadi ya visa vipya vya COVID-19 inazidi kupungua katika sehemu nyingi za Marekani, lakini bado haijulikani ni wangapi kati ya watu ambao wamekuwa na ugonjwa huo watapata dalili za muda mrefu za COVID-19. Mwandishi wa habari Meghan O'Rourke, ambaye amekuwa akiandika juu ya COVID-19 kwa muda mrefu kwa The Atlantic na Scientific American, anasema wakati janga la coronavirus lilipoanza kuenea nchini Marekani, aliogopa "matarajio ya wimbi kubwa la ugonjwa wa muda mrefu ambao ungekuja kufuata." Hiyo ni kwa sababu O'Rourke ana uzoefu wa kwanza wa kuishi na hali za muda mrefu zisizojulikana vizuri. "Hiyo imemfanya awe na hisia kwa mapambano ya wagonjwa wanaoishi na magonjwa magumu kugundua ambayo mara nyingi yamekuwa na dalili zao zilizofutwa na mfumo wa matibabu ambao hauwezi kuwaweka chini. """ COVID-19 ya muda mrefu inaweza kuwa ngumu sana kuelezea. "Jina hilo linajumuisha ""maambukizo mbalimbali ya dalili ambazo huendelea kwa muda mrefu baada ya kuambukizwa kwa virusi vya SARS-CoV-2,"" anasema O'Rourke." "Hiyo inaweza kuwa maumivu ya kifua, lakini pia ina dalili zisizo dhahiri na za kibinafsi kama vile ukungu wa ubongo au uchovu na maumivu ya kutembea katika mwili. """ Dalili za COVID-19 ndefu zinaweza kuwa ngumu kufuatilia kwenye vipimo vya kawaida vya maabara, kwa sehemu kwa sababu zinaweza kuja na kwenda kwa muda. "Na yote haya huweka shinikizo kwa wagonjwa ambao kisha wanapaswa kushuhudia ukweli wa ugonjwa wao wenyewe", O'Rourke anasema. O'Rourke anaandika juu ya uzoefu wake mwenyewe akipambana kupata utambuzi katika kitabu chake kipya, The Invisible Kingdom: Reimagining Chronic Illness. O'Rourke alianza kazi yake ya uandishi wa habari mnamo mwaka wa 1990, baada ya kuhitimu kutoka chuo kikuu. Kwa miaka mingi, dalili zake zimekuwa uchovu mkubwa, ukungu wa ubongo, maumivu ya viungo, maumivu ya neva, kibofu, homa na zaidi. Alienda kwa madaktari kadhaa, lakini mara nyingi madaktari walimwambia kwamba alikuwa na matatizo ya kihisia. "Kitu kigumu zaidi katika kuwa mgonjwa ni kwamba sikuwa na mtu yeyote wa kuunga mkono upande wangu ambaye aliamini kabisa ukweli wa kile nilichokuwa nikiielezea,"" anasema." "Ukiwa kwenye ukingo wa maarifa ya kitiba, ukosefu wa ushahidi unaheshimiwa kama ushahidi kwamba tatizo ni wewe na akili yako.""" ... "Nilikuwa na hisia ya kuwa nimefungwa ndani ya chumba kama mtu mwenye kichefuchefu wa karne ya 19.""" "Wakati wewe ni katika makali ya maarifa ya matibabu, ukosefu wa ushahidi ni kutibiwa kama ushahidi kwamba tatizo ni wewe na akili yako. """ ... "Nilikuwa na wasiwasi sana, kwa sababu nilikuwa nimefungwa ndani ya chumba cha watu wa karne ya 19 na ""mwenye hasira.""" Hatimaye, O'Rourke alipata kikundi cha madaktari ambao anawafananisha na "wachunguzi kando yangu". Ugonjwa huo unaitwa autoimmune thyroiditis, ambao ni ugonjwa unaosababisha mwili kushambulia tezi ya tezi, na pia ugonjwa wa Lyme na ugonjwa wa Ehlers-Danlos. Kwa O'Rourke, kupata tu utambuzi kulionekana kuwa ushindi. Lakini anatambua kwamba wengine wengi wanaopatwa na magonjwa sugu hawana rasilimali za kuendelea kutafuta matibabu. "Ni wazi sana kutokana na utafiti kwamba, kwa kweli, miundo ya kijamii ni sababu kuu katika yote haya", anasema. """Nafikiri tunashuhudia msiba ambao si wa kushindwa kwa kibinafsi, bali wa kushindwa kwa jamii, na moja ambayo tunahitaji kujihusisha nayo waziwazi." Aliwasiliana na Terry Gross wa Fresh Air kuhusu kitabu chake kipya, ugonjwa wa muda mrefu na COVID-19. "Kuhusu nadharia za sasa na utafiti kuhusu sababu ya COVID-19 ya muda mrefu na athari zake kwa magonjwa ya muda mrefu, ""Wakati tunapokuwa wagonjwa, mfumo wetu wa kinga huanza kuchukua hatua, kujaribu kuondoa vimelea vilivyoingia, au hata kuvamia, mwili wetu, na kujaribu kuwalazimisha nje." Nadharia moja ya COVID ndefu ni kwamba kwa watu wengine, majibu ya kinga hayazuili kwa sababu mbalimbali. Kwa hivyo, mwili wako huendelea kuharibiwa na mfumo wao wa kinga, iwe ni mchakato wa autoimmune au uvimbe. Kuna ushahidi unaoonyesha kwamba sehemu fulani za mwili zina sehemu za virusi au sehemu nyingine zina virusi, na hivyo huendelea kuchochea mfumo wa kinga. "Mmoja wa mafumbo makubwa ni: ""Kwa nini watu wengine kupata kesi ya upole ya COVID kali na kisha kuishia haiwezi kutembea juu na chini ya ngazi, karibu kitandani, subsumed katika ubongo ukungu?""" Utafiti wa hivi karibuni unaonyesha kuwa kuna viashiria kadhaa vinavyoweza kutuambia kidogo kuhusu nani anayeweza kuwa na mwelekeo wa kupata COVID-19. Kiashiria cha kwanza ni kiwango cha RNA ya virusi vya corona katika damu yako mapema katika maambukizi. "Hii inatuambia kitu kuhusu neno ""viral load.""" Ikiwa una mzigo wa virusi vya corona mapema katika maambukizi yako, hata kama dalili zako ni nyepesi, unaweza kuishia na COVID ndefu. "Kuna ushahidi kwamba baadhi ya vitu hivi vinavyoitwa ""autoantibodies,"" ambayo ni antibodies katika ugonjwa wa autoimmune, badala ya kushambulia wale vimelea vinavyoingia mwilini mwako, kwa kweli huishia kwa makosa, kwa njia ya ajabu kushambulia tishu yako mwenyewe." "Watu ambao wameathiriwa na virusi vya Epstein-Barr, ambao wengi wetu tumekuwa nao, lakini wengine wetu wana vipindi hivi vya kuamsha ambayo inaweza kuwa ishara kwamba unaweza kuendeleza COVID ya muda mrefu, na mwingine ni uwepo wa ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2 ""alisema." "Kuhusu jinsi uzoefu wake na ugonjwa wa muda mrefu ulivyomfanya awe na ufahamu wa COVID-19 ya muda mrefu mapema katika janga hilo, ""Kiliyoendelea kunifanya usiku wakati janga la coronavirus lilipokuja Marekani haikuwa tu wimbi la maambukizi makali ambayo yalikuwa yakija wazi, lakini pia matarajio ya wimbi kubwa la ugonjwa wa muda mrefu ambao ungekuwa ikifuata." Utafiti ambao nilikuwa nimefanya kwa miaka mitano ulikuwa umenifundisha kwamba katika visa vingi, maambukizo yanaweza kuacha matatizo ya kuendelea katika kikundi kidogo cha wagonjwa kwa njia ambazo tunaanza tu katika sayansi ya matibabu kutafiti na kuelewa. Kwa kweli, magonjwa mengi ya kinga ya mwili husababishwa na virusi. "Uchanganyiko wa virusi na chembe za urithi wa binadamu unaweza kusababisha ugonjwa wa ""Multiple Sclerosis"" (MS) au ""Lupus"" katika baadhi ya kesi." "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, wataalamu wa virolojia na watafiti wanaofanya kazi katika "" Epstein-Barr "" wanafanya kazi kwa njia ya kawaida ya kugundua ugonjwa wa mapafu." """Kusoma ripoti hizi za mapema za ukali wa virusi vya SARS-CoV-2 kunanifanya niwe na wasiwasi kwamba idadi kubwa ya watu watakuwa wagonjwa na hawatapona kamwe." "Nilikuwa nikitazama kwenye mabango ya ujumbe na kusoma karibu kutoka Aprili 2020 kuona kile nilichokuwa nikiona na haraka sana nilianza kuona ujumbe huu wa kutisha ambao ulinikumbusha sana kesi yangu mwenyewe ambapo watu walikuwa wakisema, ""Sijawahi kuwa bora.""" Nilikuwa mgonjwa. Nina ukungu wa ubongo. Nishati yangu imepotea. Mimi si mtu niliyekuwa zamani". Nilisoma hizo kwa uchungu wa kutambuliwa. "Kuhusu kuunganisha utambuzi wa karne ya 19 wa ""hysteria"" na magonjwa ya kisasa ya autoimmune, wanawake wengi ambao waligunduliwa kuwa na ugonjwa wa hysteria walikuwa na maumivu ya tumbo, mapumziko, dalili ambazo zilikuja na kwenda." "Wanasaikolojia walianza kutafuta sababu za ugonjwa huo na walifikiri ni ""kugonjwa la mfumo wa neva"" ambalo lilikuwa limegunduliwa hivi karibuni na lilikuwa na msisimko mkubwa." Na walipokuwa hawawezi kupata jibu katika vipimo vyao, waliishia kuacha wazo hilo. "Daktari wa kawaida huanza kusema kwamba hysteria ni ""mwanamke ubongo"" na ""wanamke ni kujaribu kutumia ubongo wao sana na hivyo hivyo ni mgonjwa.""" "Utafiti wa ""Ugonjwa wa Kinga ya Mwili"" na ""Ugonjwa wa Uchovu wa Muda mrefu"" na ""Ugonjwa wa Myalgic Encephalomyelitis"" na ""Ugonjwa wa Lyme"" na ""Ugonjwa wa Fibromyalgia"" ni dalili za ugonjwa wa Lyme, na kwa sababu ya utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa ugonjwa wa Lyme, kuna uwezekano mkubwa wa kuathiri afya ya binadamu." "Kama mtu yeyote mwenye ugonjwa huu anaenda kwa daktari na kusema, ""Daktari, nina uchovu.""" Nina tatizo la ukungu wa ubongo. Inakuja na huenda," unapata haraka sana swali la kama wewe ni wasiwasi. ... "Hii ni hali ya ajabu sana katika sayansi ya sasa ya matibabu, ambapo wagonjwa ambao wanaishi kwenye makali ya maarifa ya matibabu, wagonjwa ambao magonjwa yao tuna wakati mgumu kupima au hatuelewi bado, badala ya kuambiwa, ""Hei, labda wewe ni mtu ambaye ana kitu mimi si kuelewa,"" wagonjwa kama hao mara nyingi kuambiwa: ""Nadhani unapaswa kuona daktari wa akili.""" Nadhani unateseka kutokana na wasiwasi. Labda una mshuko wa moyo". """Nataka kuwa wazi: Maendeleo katika jinsi tunavyotibu magonjwa ya akili ni moja ya ushindi mkubwa wa dawa ya karne ya 20, na ni muhimu sana kuzungumza juu ya afya ya akili na magonjwa ya muda mrefu." Lakini tatizo nililokuwa nikiona wagonjwa wakizungumza nami kuhusu - na kile kilichonipata - ni kwamba mara nyingi madaktari huelekea kwa tuhuma za wasiwasi kwa njia ambayo inazuia uchunguzi zaidi juu ya kile kinachoweza kuwa kinaendelea. Kwa nini matibabu ya ujumuishaji ni muhimu? - Kwa nini matibabu ya ujumuishaji ni muhimu? - Kwa nini matibabu ya ujumuishaji ni muhimu? - Kwa nini matibabu ya ujumuishaji ni muhimu? "Wananiambia kuwa ""walikuwa wakinipa dawa wakati wa kulala, kiwango cha mkazo katika maisha yangu, na unyeti wa chakula, na kujaribu kunisaidia kujua ni vyakula gani vilivyonifanya nijisikie vizuri na vyakula gani vilivyonifanya nijisikie vibaya zaidi, kwa sababu mara nyingi nilipokula, nilihisi vibaya sana baada ya kula.""" Kwa hiyo, waliniunga mkono kwa subira ili kujaribu kunisaidia. ... """Nadhani kufanya kazi na madaktari wa kuunganisha kunisaidia kuhisi kwamba nilikuwa na mshirika katika huduma yangu ya afya." Mimi ni mtu wa ushahidi, kwa hivyo mtu huwa na maswali juu ya mambo ya dawa ambayo hayajachunguzwa vizuri, kama vile virutubisho na yote hayo, lakini katika kesi yangu, ilionekana wazi kuwa kile madaktari walikuwa wakifanya na mimi, aina ya mabadiliko ya mtindo wa maisha waliyokuwa wakitetea, ilifanya tofauti kubwa katika utendaji wangu wa kila siku. "Kuhusu kwa nini anaamini ugonjwa wa muda mrefu ni mwakilishi wa wakati huu tunaishi, moja ya mambo niliyoipata katika ripoti yangu ilikuwa kwamba watu wengi ambao waliishi na magonjwa haya, ambao waliishi na autoimmunity, walidhani kuwa tatizo lilikuwa kitu ndani yao wenyewe, kwamba walikuwa wakiishi maisha ya ""si halisi.""" Hawakuwa wameishi maisha waliyopaswa kuishi. Kwa njia hii, walichukua ugonjwa wao na kuugeuza kuwa mfano wa kutokuwa na uhalisi wa kibinafsi ambao wao tu ndio wangeweza kushinda, ambayo ni mzigo mkubwa kwa mtu kuishi nao. ... "Ugonjwa huu unawawezesha wagonjwa na watu wenye afya kuona tatizo hilo kama tatizo la mtu binafsi, na hilo linatuwezesha kuepuka mambo ya kijamii yanayohusika katika kuongezeka kwa magonjwa hayo.""" Kwa hivyo kila kitu kutoka kwa jangwa la chakula hadi ukosefu wa udhibiti wa kemikali, labda kwa mtindo wetu wa maisha wa haraka na ukosefu wa wavu wa usalama wa kijamii kwa mama wapya na vitu vingine vyote. "Nilikuwa na wazo kwamba magonjwa haya yanatufunulia kitu kuhusu utamaduni wetu kwa njia ambayo yalifanya kuwa wawakilishi wa kina wa mambo ya wakati huo ambayo tulihitaji kuangalia kwa kina zaidi. """ Sam Briger na Joel Wolfram walitengeneza na kuhariri mahojiano haya kwa ajili ya matangazo. Bridget Bentz, Molly Seavy-Nesper na Carmel Wroth walibadilisha kwa ajili ya mtandao. Copyright: 2022 Fresh Air Ili kuona zaidi, tembelea Fresh Air. | <urn:uuid:bcecdc13-ca0d-405d-918e-146ca2f4d293> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.tpr.org/2022-02-28/how-long-covid-sheds-light-on-other-mysterious-and-lonely-chronic-illnesses | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
TRAGS Solar Panel
As part of the initiative of limiting greenhouse gas emissions, Trading and Agency Services (TRAGS) launched an environmental campaign to reduce the carbon footprints on the planet.
One of the major initiatives of TRAGS is to install solar panels into mobile vans and office containers at Messaieed Tanks lay down area. By going solar, TRAGS helps in reducing the demand for fossil fuels, limiting greenhouse gas emissions, and shrinking our very own carbon footprint.
Installing a solar energy system for a clean source that produces a measurable positive effect on the environment. | Kama sehemu ya mpango wa kupunguza uzalishaji wa gesi za chafu, Huduma za Biashara na Wakala (TRAGS) zilianzisha kampeni ya mazingira ya kupunguza alama za kaboni kwenye sayari. Miongoni mwa miradi mikubwa ya TRAGS ni kufunga paneli za jua katika magari ya kusafiri na vyombo vya ofisi katika eneo la Messaieed Tanks lay down. Kwa kwenda jua, TRAGS husaidia katika kupunguza mahitaji ya mafuta ya visukuku, kupunguza uzalishaji wa gesi chafu, na kupunguza alama yetu ya kaboni. Kuanzisha mfumo wa nishati ya jua kwa chanzo safi ambayo inazalisha athari chanya ya kupimwa juu ya mazingira. | <urn:uuid:55d54e55-9346-4d2c-9574-2de66984b84b> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.tragsqatar.com/environmental-campaign/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Cement and chemical Grouting
Injection technique is used in civil engineering to improve the mechanical and permeability properties of soil, rocks and brick or concrete work.
From a functional point of view, two types of interventions can be identified:
• temporary intervention, to make excavation possible in unstable soil or under water table;
• permanent intervention for the consolidation of foundation soils, the creation of watertight structures, or the structural restoration of brick or concrete works.
From an operating point of view, grouting is divided into loose soil grouting and in rock grouting.
Rock fissure grouting is performed directly into the open borehole. In this case, downstage or upstage methods can be used. In both cases, borehole inclination must be defined depending on the position of soil layers and the direction of discontinuities, so as to affect the highest number of joints or fissures.
Grouting in weathered rocks or loose soil can be performed by using tubes fitted with check valves, which are driven into the ground after drilling. The valves are usually rubber sleeves that cover lengths of the tube featuring holes: they inflate under pressure and force the grout through the holes preventing it from flowing back.
Cement-based grouts are usually the choice for rock formations or loose coarse-grained soils. Cement grouts can be stabilized by means of prehydrated bentonite, whereas they are made less cohesive and more fluid by adding special formulations and deflocculating-fluidifying additives (MISTRA grouts). There is evidence in literature that successful grouting depends in the first place on the size of the solid particles of the injected grout compared to the dimensions of the gaps or rock fissures to be injected. | Uhandisi wa cement na kemikali ya Grouting Injection hutumiwa katika uhandisi wa ujenzi ili kuboresha mali ya mitambo na uingizaji wa udongo, miamba na matofali au kazi ya saruji. Kwa upande wa kazi, aina mbili za uingiliaji zinaweza kutambuliwa: uingiliaji wa muda, ili kuwezesha uchimbaji katika udongo usio thabiti au chini ya maji ya chini ya ardhi; uingiliaji wa kudumu kwa kuimarisha udongo wa msingi, uundaji wa miundo ya maji, au ukarabati wa muundo wa matofali au saruji. Kutoka kwa mtazamo wa uendeshaji, grouting imegawanywa katika grouting ardhi huru na katika grouting mwamba. Rock ufa grouting ni kufanyika moja kwa moja katika shimo wazi. Katika kesi hii, downstage au upstage mbinu inaweza kutumika. Katika kesi zote mbili, mwinuko wa shimo lazima ueleweke kulingana na nafasi ya tabaka za udongo na mwelekeo wa kutoendelea, ili kuathiri idadi kubwa ya viungo au ufa. Grouting katika miamba weathered au udongo huru inaweza kufanyika kwa kutumia mabomba vifaa na valves kurudi, ambayo ni kuendeshwa katika ardhi baada ya kuchimba visima. Valves ni kawaida rubber sleeves kwamba kufunika urefu wa bomba featuring mashimo: wao inflate chini ya shinikizo na kulazimisha grout kupitia mashimo kuzuia ni kutoka mtiririko nyuma. Kwa kawaida, mchanganyiko wa saruji hutumiwa kwa ajili ya miamba au udongo wenye chembechembe. Cement grouts inaweza kuwa imara kwa njia ya bentonite prehydrated, wakati wao ni alifanya chini cohesive na zaidi mtiririko kwa kuongeza formula maalum na deflocculating-fluidifying nyongeza (MISTRA grouts). Kuna ushahidi katika fasihi kwamba mafanikio grouting inategemea katika nafasi ya kwanza juu ya ukubwa wa chembe ngumu ya grout injected ikilinganishwa na vipimo ya mapengo au mianya mwamba kuwa injected. | <urn:uuid:d49712ce-3efb-4563-a6e4-51bd15486920> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.trevispa.com/en/Technologies/cement-and-chemical-grouting | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Views: 13 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2019-07-26 Origin: Site
Tungsten is a rare high melting point metal in nature with a melting point of up to 3,410 ° C. It has high density, high hardness, high wear resistance, high electrical conductivity and high temperature strength. According to the degree of smelting and processing, tungsten products mainly include ammonium paratungstate (APT), tungsten oxide, tungsten powder, tungsten carbide powder, tungsten carbide and other products. Among them, tungsten carbide has high hardness and excellent wear resistance. It is widely used in the fields of machining, mining, automobile manufacturing, oil drilling, electronic information, etc., and is known as "industrial teeth".
Worldwide, tungsten, as an important non-renewable scarce resource, has been listed as an important strategic metal by major countries.
The application of cemented carbide depends on its specific properties, mainly due to the size of the tungsten carbide powder (grain size) and the binder content. In the case where the binder phase content of the cemented carbide is constant, the finer the tungsten carbide grain is, the higher the hardness of the cemented carbide is, especially when the grain size of the tungsten carbide powder is less than 0.5 μm, the hardness of the cemented carbide The flexural strength will be greatly improved; the coarser the tungsten carbide grains, the higher the fracture toughness of the cemented carbide, especially when the grain size of the tungsten carbide powder is higher than 6.0 μm, the cemented carbide will have good fracture toughness. , resistance to thermal fatigue and impact toughness.
After decades of development, the competition in China's tungsten products industry has gradually matured and the market competition is relatively full. However, the current industrial concentration is still low, and the situation of “multiple, scattered and small” of tungsten products enterprises still exists. In terms of production capacity and product structure, there are many low-end products and low-end products. The pattern of exporting low-value-added primary and intermediate tungsten smelting products remains unchanged, especially for tungsten deep processing products and foreign large-scale tungsten products. There is still a certain gap, high-performance, high-precision high-grade cemented carbide still needs to be imported from abroad.
The main obstacles to entering the tungsten industry:
One is the barrier to entry. The access conditions for the tungsten products industry are relatively strict. The “Tungsten Industry Access Conditions” issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the “Tungsten Industry Standard Conditions” issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the establishment and layout of production enterprises, production scale, resource recycling and utilization. Strict requirements have been put forward in terms of energy consumption, environmental protection, product quality, safe production and occupational disease prevention, supervision and management; the Ministry of Commerce has also established a very strict standard access system for the qualification of tungsten export suppliers, which is not satisfied. Enterprises with the above conditions will not be able to enter the tungsten products industry or engage in the direct export business of tungsten products.
The second is product quality barriers. As downstream customers pay attention to the production of raw materials, product quality has become one of the main barriers to entry into the industry. Major manufacturers of high-end hard alloys at home and abroad have clear requirements for their main raw materials, ultra-fine and ultra-thick tungsten carbide. For example, ultra-fine tungsten carbide powders are required to have small particle size, high purity and narrow particle size distribution. Some companies that fail to meet the relevant quality requirements will gradually be eliminated. In addition, downstream customers pay special attention to the stability of product quality, and cannot continue to provide existing or new-enterprise enterprises with stable quality products, and it is difficult to survive and develop in the market for a long time.
The third is technical barriers. With the improvement of China's tungsten technology level, tungsten products are developing to high performance, high precision and high added value. This trend puts forward higher technical requirements for enterprises entering the tungsten products industry. For example, the gradual application of nanomaterials, nanostructure coatings, coating coating technologies, etc. in cemented carbide tools and tools, puts forward higher technology for the powder morphology, chemical purity, and powder particle size of the main raw material tungsten carbide. Standards and requirements. New companies entering the industry need to constantly overcome technical barriers.
The fourth is the talent barrier. The tungsten products industry has higher requirements for professionals in all aspects. In the production process, the production personnel are required to precisely control the key control parameters in each process flow, and in the inspection process, the test personnel need to be proficient in the use of professional measuring instruments such as grating spectrograph, laser particle size analyzer and specific surface area analyzer. Therefore, the company is required to have a variety of professionals with many years of industry experience. The demand for talents in the industry is not only the requirement of professional knowledge, but also requires a certain amount of experience. At present, there are fewer professionals in the domestic tungsten product industry, and the period of training talents is long. Finding professional talents has become one of the difficulties faced by newcomers. | Tungsten ni chuma cha hali ya juu ya kuyeyuka katika asili na kiwango cha kuyeyuka cha hadi 3,410 ° C. Ina wiani wa juu, ugumu wa juu, upinzani wa kuvaa, conductivity ya juu ya umeme na nguvu ya joto la juu. Kulingana na kiwango cha kuyeyuka na usindikaji, bidhaa za tungsten hasa ni pamoja na ammonium paratungstate (APT), tungsten oxide, tungsten poda, tungsten carbide poda, tungsten carbide na bidhaa nyingine. Miongoni mwao, tungsten carbide ina ugumu wa juu na upinzani bora wa kuvaa. Ni sana kutumika katika nyanja ya machining, madini, utengenezaji wa magari, mafuta kuchimba visima, habari za elektroniki, nk, na inajulikana kama " meno ya viwanda ". Tungsten ni muhimu katika dunia ya nishati, na ni muhimu katika dunia ya nishati ya nishati ya nishati ya nishati ya nishati ya nishati ya nishati ya nishati ya nishati ya nishati ya nishati. Matumizi ya carbide cemented inategemea mali yake maalum, hasa kutokana na ukubwa wa unga wa carbide ya tungsten (ukubwa wa nafaka) na maudhui ya binder. Katika kesi ambapo kiwango cha muundo wa carbide ya saruji ni cha kawaida, bora zaidi nafaka ya carbide ya tungsten, ngumu zaidi ya carbide ya cemented, haswa wakati ukubwa wa unga wa carbide ya tungsten ni chini ya 0.5 μm, ugumu wa carbide ya cemented utaboreshwa sana; kwa sababu ya ukubwa wa unga wa carbide ya tungsten, ugumu wa kuvunjika kwa carbide ya cemented ni kubwa. , upinzani kwa uchovu wa joto na nguvu ya athari. Baada ya miongo kadhaa ya maendeleo, ushindani katika sekta ya bidhaa za tungsten ya China umekomaa hatua kwa hatua na ushindani wa soko ni kiasi kamili. Hata hivyo, mkusanyiko wa sasa wa viwanda bado ni chini, na hali ya <unk>multiple, kutawanyika na ndogo<unk> ya biashara ya bidhaa tungsten bado ipo. Kwa upande wa uwezo wa uzalishaji na muundo wa bidhaa, kuna bidhaa nyingi za chini na bidhaa za chini. Mfano wa kuuza nje ya bidhaa za msingi na za kati za kutengenezea tungsten zenye thamani ya chini haijabadilika, haswa kwa bidhaa za usindikaji wa kina wa tungsten na bidhaa za kigeni za tungsten za kiwango kikubwa. Kuna bado pengo fulani, utendaji wa juu, usahihi wa juu wa carbide ya saruji bado inahitaji kuingizwa kutoka nje ya nchi. Vizuizi vikuu vya kuingia katika sekta ya tungsten: Moja ni kizuizi cha kuingia. Masharti ya upatikanaji kwa ajili ya sekta ya bidhaa tungsten ni kiasi kali. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika ""Masharti ya Ufikiaji wa Viwanda vya Tungsten"" iliyotolewa na Tume ya Kitaifa ya Maendeleo na Marekebisho na ""Masharti ya Kiwango cha Viwanda vya Tungsten"" iliyotolewa na Wizara ya Viwanda na Teknolojia ya Habari, kuanzishwa na mpangilio wa makampuni ya uzalishaji, kiwango cha uzalishaji, kuchakata rasilimali na matumizi." "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""Mfumo wa Usimamizi wa Usalama wa Kazi, Usimamizi wa Usalama wa Kazi na Usimamizi wa Usalama wa Kazi, na Usimamizi wa Usalama wa Kazi, na Usimamizi wa Usalama wa Kazi, na Usimamizi wa Usalama wa Kazi, na Usimamizi wa Usalama wa Kazi, na Usimamizi wa Usalama wa Kazi, na Usimamizi wa Usalama wa Kazi, na Usimamizi wa Usalama wa Kazi.""" Kampuni zilizo na hali zilizo hapo juu hazitaweza kuingia katika tasnia ya bidhaa za tungsten au kushiriki katika biashara ya kuuza nje moja kwa moja ya bidhaa za tungsten. Ya pili ni vizuizi vya ubora wa bidhaa. Kama wateja wa chini ya mtiririko wa huduma wanahakikisha ubora wa bidhaa, ubora wa bidhaa umekuwa moja ya vizuizi vikuu vya kuingia katika sekta hiyo. Watengenezaji wakuu wa high-end ngumu alloys nyumbani na nje ya nchi na mahitaji ya wazi kwa ajili ya malighafi yao kuu, ultra-fine na ultra-thick tungsten carbide. Kwa mfano, ultra-fine tungsten carbide poda zinahitajika kuwa na ukubwa mdogo chembe, usafi wa juu na mpana chembe ukubwa usambazaji. Baadhi ya makampuni ambayo kushindwa kukidhi mahitaji husika ya ubora hatua kwa hatua kuondolewa. Kwa kuongezea, wateja wa chini wanastahili uangalifu maalum kwa utulivu wa ubora wa bidhaa, na hawawezi kuendelea kutoa biashara zilizopo au mpya na bidhaa zenye ubora thabiti, na ni ngumu kuishi na kuendeleza soko kwa muda mrefu. Jambo la tatu ni vizuizi vya kiufundi. Pamoja na maendeleo ya kiwango cha teknolojia ya tungsten ya China, bidhaa za tungsten zinaendelea kwa utendaji wa juu, usahihi wa juu na thamani ya juu iliyoongezwa. Mwelekeo huu inaweka mbele mahitaji ya juu ya kiufundi kwa ajili ya makampuni kuingia sekta ya bidhaa tungsten. Kwa mfano, matumizi ya hatua kwa hatua ya nanomaterials, nanostructure coatings, coating coating teknolojia, nk. Katika vifaa vya saruji carbide na vifaa, inatoa teknolojia ya juu kwa ajili ya poda morphology, usafi wa kemikali, na poda chembe ukubwa wa msingi malighafi tungsten carbide. Viwango na mahitaji. Kampuni mpya zinazoingia katika sekta hiyo zinahitaji kushinda vizuizi vya kiufundi daima. Ya nne ni kizuizi cha vipaji. Sekta ya bidhaa za tungsten ina mahitaji ya juu kwa wataalamu katika nyanja zote. Katika mchakato wa uzalishaji, wafanyakazi wa uzalishaji wanahitajika kudhibiti kwa usahihi vigezo muhimu vya udhibiti katika kila mtiririko wa mchakato, na katika mchakato wa ukaguzi, wafanyakazi wa mtihani wanahitaji kuwa na ujuzi katika matumizi ya vyombo vya kipimo vya kitaaluma kama vile grating spectrograph, laser particle size analyzer na specific surface area analyzer. Kwa hiyo, kampuni inahitajika kuwa na aina mbalimbali ya wataalamu na miaka mingi ya uzoefu wa sekta. Mahitaji ya vipaji katika sekta hiyo si tu mahitaji ya maarifa ya kitaaluma, lakini pia inahitaji kiasi fulani cha uzoefu. Kwa sasa, kuna wataalamu wachache katika sekta ya bidhaa za tungsten za ndani, na kipindi cha mafunzo ya vipaji ni muda mrefu. Kupata vipaji vya kitaaluma imekuwa moja ya matatizo yanayokabiliwa na wageni. | <urn:uuid:c6752c86-c98f-45a9-8dea-494d82fe30fc> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.tungstenchina.com/China-s-Tungsten-Industry-Four-Major-Barriers-to-Entry-id3981674.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
February 12, 2021
All About That Brown Rice
Whole Grains ExplainedEvery grain starts life as a whole grain. Once the rough rice, which is rice in the inedible husk straight from the field, is collected, the grains are milled to remove the husk and create whole grain or brown rice. The whole grain is the entire seed of a plant, including the bran, germ, and endosperm. The bran is rich in antioxidants, B vitamins, and fiber; the germ, which is the “embryo” of the grain, contains protein and healthy fats. Together as the whole grain, these components provide protein, fiber, and many important vitamins, minerals, and nutrients.
Research shows that eating whole grains may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, and may aid in weight maintenance. Like fruits and vegetables, whole grains have been identified as a dietary component contributing to better health outcomes, particularly playing a role in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease and colorectal cancer.
Step up your whole grain intake with U.S.-grown rice—a wholesome, nutritious, and sustainable food.
The Dietary Guidelines recommend that half your consumed grains should be whole grains, one cup of brown, wild, red, or black rice provides two of the three recommended daily servings of whole grains. Here are some tips to up your whole grains and get that whole grain goodness!
- Make your rice colorful. Brown, wild, black, red and purple rice are 100% whole grain varieties.
- Try mixing brown and white rice together in your favorite dish for more complex flavor and texture. It’s also a great way to encourage kids to eat more whole grains.
- Cook a double batch of brown rice and keep it on hand for a quick start to your next meal. Cooked rice can be stored in the refrigerator in a tightly covered container for 3 to 5 days or frozen for up to 6 months.
What U.S. rice varieties are available in whole grain?
Every variety! While some whole grain versions may be harder to find, like brown short grain rice, every U.S.-grown rice variety is available as a whole grain and milled (white rice) version.
How to cook brown or whole grain rice?
For the most part the cooking techniques remain the same between white and whole grain rice. Key differences revolve around cooking time and water ratio. Cooking times for whole grain rice usually double in comparison to white rice as does the preferred amount of water to cook with. For best cooking results, always follow package directions. When directions aren’t available, see our rice cooking methods page for guidance.
How to store whole grain rice?
Uncooked: Because of the oil in the bran layer, this rice has a shelf life of approximately six months. Refrigerator or freezer storage is recommended for longer shelf life.
Cooked: Cooked rice may be stored in the refrigerator for three to five days or frozen up to six months. The USDA recommends cooling to 70°F within two hours and from 70°F to 40°F within an additional four hours. Hold cold rice at 41°F or below. | "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya ""Kila nafaka huanza maisha kama nafaka nzima.""" Baada ya mchele mkali, ambayo ni mchele katika shell inedible moja kwa moja kutoka shamba, ni kukusanywa, nafaka ni milled kuondoa shell na kuunda nafaka nzima au mchele kahawia. Mbegu nzima ni mbegu nzima ya mmea, kutia ndani bran, kiini, na endosperm. Mchuzi huo una vimeng'enya vingi, vitamini B, na nyuzi; mbegu, ambayo ni "mzazi" wa nafaka hiyo, ina protini na mafuta yenye afya. Pamoja kama nafaka nzima, sehemu hizo hutoa protini, nyuzi, na vitamini, madini, na virutubisho vingi muhimu. Utafiti unaonyesha kwamba kula nafaka nzima inaweza kupunguza hatari ya ugonjwa wa moyo, aina ya 2 kisukari, baadhi ya aina ya kansa, na inaweza kusaidia katika kudumisha uzito. Kama matunda na mboga, nafaka nzima zimetambuliwa kama sehemu ya lishe inayohusika katika matokeo bora ya afya, hasa kucheza jukumu katika kupunguza hatari ya ugonjwa wa moyo wa moyo na kansa ya colorectal. Ongeza ulaji wako wa nafaka nzima kwa mchele uliokuzwa Marekani - chakula chenye afya, chenye lishe, na kinachoweza kudumu. Miongozo ya Chakula inashauri kwamba nusu ya nafaka unayokula inapaswa kuwa nafaka nzima, kikombe kimoja cha mchele kahawia, mwitu, mwekundu, au mweusi hutoa mbili ya vipimo vitatu vya kila siku vya nafaka nzima. Hapa ni baadhi ya vidokezo kwa juu ya nafaka yako nzima na kupata kwamba nafaka nzima wema! - Fanya mchele wako uwe na rangi nyingi. Mchele wa kahawia, mwitu, mweusi, mwekundu na zambarau ni aina za nafaka nzima 100%. - Jaribu kuchanganya mchele wa kahawia na mweupe pamoja katika sahani unayopenda kwa ladha na muundo tata zaidi. Pia ni njia nzuri ya kuwatia moyo watoto kula nafaka nyingi. - Pika mchele wa rangi ya kahawia mara mbili na uwe nao karibu ili uanze chakula chako cha pili haraka. Mchele uliopikwa unaweza kuhifadhiwa kwenye friji kwa siku tatu hadi tano au kufungia kwa miezi sita. Ni aina gani za mchele zinazopatikana katika Amerika? Aina zote za vyakula! Ingawa baadhi ya aina za mchele wa nafaka nzima inaweza kuwa vigumu kupata, kama mchele wa nafaka fupi, kila aina ya mchele iliyopandwa nchini Marekani inapatikana kama aina ya nafaka nzima na mchele mweupe. Jinsi ya kupika mchele wa kahawia au mchele wa nafaka nzima? Kwa sehemu kubwa mbinu za kupika hubaki zikiwa sawa kati ya mchele mweupe na mchele wa nafaka nzima. Tofauti kuu zinahusu muda wa kupika na uwiano wa maji. Wakati wa kupika kwa mchele wa nafaka nzima kwa kawaida huongezeka mara mbili ikilinganishwa na mchele mweupe kama vile kiasi cha maji kinachopendekezwa kupika. Ili upate matokeo bora ya kupika, sikuzote fuata maagizo yaliyo kwenye kifurushi. Wakati mwelekeo haupatikani, angalia ukurasa wetu wa mbinu za kupika mchele kwa mwongozo. Jinsi ya kuhifadhi mchele wa nafaka nzima? Mchele huu haujaoka: Kwa sababu ya mafuta yaliyo katika tabaka la mchele, huhifadhiwa kwa miezi sita hivi. Kuhifadhi katika friji au friji kunapendekezwa kwa ajili ya muda mrefu zaidi wa kuhifadhiwa. Mchele uliopikwa unaweza kuhifadhiwa kwenye friji kwa siku tatu hadi tano au kufungia kwa miezi sita. Wizara ya Kilimo ya Marekani inapendekeza kupoza hadi 70 ° F ndani ya masaa mawili na kutoka 70 ° F hadi 40 ° F ndani ya masaa manne ya ziada. Kuhifadhi mchele baridi katika joto la 40 ° F au chini. | <urn:uuid:2d40f673-2024-4938-9c7f-68ff19ecd83a> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.usarice.com/thinkrice/detail-pages/blog/all-about-that-whole-grain-goodness | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Gender equity, also known as gender equality, is a critical issue in the workplace. Promoting gender equity can help to create a more diverse and inclusive work culture, attract and retain top talent, and improve overall business performance. In this blog, we will discuss some ways to promote gender equity in your organization or company.
Setting specific diversity and inclusion goals is an effective way to promote equality in the workplace. For example, you could aim to increase the representation of underrepresented groups in your company’s leadership positions or create a more inclusive work environment by promoting diversity and inclusion training programs.
Bias training is essential to create an environment of respect, fairness, and equality. This training can help employees identify and overcome their unconscious biases that may lead to discrimination or exclusion of certain groups. It’s important to ensure that bias training is ongoing and reinforced in various ways to help employees recognize their biases and take steps to overcome them.
A flexible work environment can help promote equality in the workplace by accommodating diverse needs, such as those of working parents, individuals with disabilities, and people with different work schedules. Offering flexible work arrangements, such as remote work or flexible hours, can help to attract and retain employees from diverse backgrounds and create a more inclusive work culture.
Company policies can have a significant impact on equality in the workplace. It’s essential to regularly review and revise policies to ensure that they are inclusive and promote diversity and equality. For example, you could offer flexible parental leave policies for men and women to take time off for caregiving responsibilities to help create a more supportive and equitable work culture for all employees.
Conducting a gender pay gap analysis can help to identify any disparities in pay between men and women in your organization. This analysis can also help to identify any other factors that may be contributing to gender inequity, such as differences in job roles, education, or experience. Once identified, you can take steps to address these disparities and promote pay equity in your organization.
Blind recruitment practices can help to remove biases from the hiring process and promote equality. This could involve removing identifying information, such as names and photos, from resumes or using skills-based assessments to evaluate candidates’ qualifications rather than relying solely on resumes.
Finally, it’s essential to measure and monitor progress to ensure that your efforts to promote equality are effective. Collecting data on employee demographics, turnover rates, and other relevant metrics can help to identify areas for improvement and ensure that you’re making progress towards your diversity and inclusion goals.
In conclusion, embracing equity in the workplace is critical to creating a diverse and inclusive work culture that benefits employees and the business. Veem has truly set itself apart by making inclusivity and diversity core values in our operations. By embracing representation and fostering equal opportunities for women in the technology sector, we have created a workplace that is not only fair and just but also innovative and dynamic. As we continue to navigate the ever-changing landscape of the technology industry, it’s crucial that companies continue to prioritize inclusivity and diversity, and Veem is paving the way. Interested in joining the team at Veem? Check out our Career Center for all of our current openings.
#EmbraceEquity #IWD2023 #WomenInTech #InternationalWomensDay
Sign Up Schedule a demo | Usawa wa kijinsia, pia inajulikana kama usawa wa kijinsia, ni suala muhimu katika mahali pa kazi. Kukuza usawa wa kijinsia kunaweza kusaidia kuunda utamaduni wa kazi wa aina mbalimbali na wa kujumuisha, kuvutia na kuhifadhi vipaji bora, na kuboresha utendaji wa jumla wa biashara. Katika makala hii tutazungumzia jinsi ya kuendeleza usawa wa kijinsia katika kampuni yako. Kuweka malengo maalum ya utofauti na ujumuishaji ni njia bora ya kukuza usawa mahali pa kazi. Kwa mfano, unaweza lengo la kuongeza uwakilishi wa makundi underrepresented katika nafasi ya uongozi wa kampuni yako au kujenga mazingira ya kazi zaidi ya ujumuishaji kwa kukuza programu za mafunzo ya utofauti na ujumuishaji. Mafunzo ya upendeleo ni muhimu ili kuunda mazingira ya heshima, haki, na usawa. Mafunzo haya yanaweza kuwasaidia wafanyakazi kutambua na kushinda upendeleo wao usio na fahamu ambao unaweza kusababisha ubaguzi au kutengwa kwa vikundi fulani. Ni muhimu kuhakikisha kwamba mafunzo ya upendeleo yanaendelea na kuimarishwa kwa njia mbalimbali ili kuwasaidia wafanyakazi kutambua upendeleo wao na kuchukua hatua za kuushinda. Mazingira ya kazi rahisi yanaweza kusaidia kukuza usawa katika mahali pa kazi kwa kukidhi mahitaji mbalimbali, kama vile wale wa wazazi wanaofanya kazi, watu wenye ulemavu, na watu wenye ratiba tofauti za kazi. Kuandaa mipango ya kazi rahisi, kama vile kazi ya mbali au masaa ya kubadilika, inaweza kusaidia kuvutia na kuhifadhi wafanyikazi kutoka asili tofauti na kuunda utamaduni wa kazi wa ujumuishaji zaidi. Sera za kampuni zinaweza kuwa na athari kubwa kwa usawa mahali pa kazi. Ni muhimu kwa mara kwa mara kukagua na kurekebisha sera ili kuhakikisha kwamba wao ni kujumuisha na kukuza utofauti na usawa. Kwa mfano, unaweza kutoa sera rahisi za likizo ya uzazi kwa wanaume na wanawake kuchukua muda kwa majukumu ya utunzaji ili kusaidia kuunda utamaduni wa kazi wa msaada na usawa kwa wafanyikazi wote. Utafiti wa tofauti za malipo ya jinsia unaweza kusaidia kutambua tofauti yoyote ya malipo kati ya wanaume na wanawake katika shirika lako. Uchambuzi huu unaweza pia kusaidia kutambua sababu nyingine yoyote ambayo inaweza kuwa na mchango kwa usawa wa kijinsia, kama vile tofauti katika majukumu ya kazi, elimu, au uzoefu. Mara baada ya kutambuliwa, unaweza kuchukua hatua za kushughulikia tofauti hizi na kukuza usawa wa mshahara katika shirika lako. Mazoea ya kuajiri kwa upofu yanaweza kusaidia kuondoa upendeleo kutoka kwa mchakato wa kuajiri na kukuza usawa. Hii inaweza kuhusisha kuondoa habari za utambulisho, kama vile majina na picha, kutoka kwa resume au kutumia tathmini za ujuzi ili kutathmini sifa za wagombea badala ya kutegemea tu resume. Hatimaye, ni muhimu kupima na kufuatilia maendeleo ili kuhakikisha kwamba juhudi zako za kukuza usawa ni ufanisi. Kukusanya data juu ya idadi ya watu wa wafanyikazi, viwango vya mzunguko, na vipimo vingine vinavyohusiana vinaweza kusaidia kutambua maeneo ya kuboresha na kuhakikisha kwamba unafanya maendeleo kuelekea malengo yako ya utofauti na ujumuishaji. Kuchukua usawa katika mahali pa kazi ni muhimu kwa kuunda utamaduni wa kazi tofauti na wa kujumuisha ambao unafaidi wafanyikazi na biashara. Veem kweli imejiweka tofauti kwa kufanya ujumuishaji na utofauti maadili ya msingi katika shughuli zetu. Kwa kuwakaribisha na kukuza fursa sawa kwa wanawake katika sekta ya teknolojia, tumeunda mahali pa kazi ambayo sio haki tu lakini pia ubunifu na nguvu. """Kama tunaendelea kuendesha mazingira ya mabadiliko ya sekta ya teknolojia, ni muhimu kwamba makampuni yaendelee kuupatia kipaumbele ujumuishaji na utofauti, na Veem inaandaa njia." Unavutiwa kujiunga na timu ya Veem? Angalia Kituo chetu cha Kazi kwa nafasi zetu zote za sasa. #EmbraceEquity #WomenInTech #InternationalWomensDay #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #WomenInTech #Women | <urn:uuid:544903cf-f372-4d7f-8af7-580528a1fd11> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.veem.com/library/7-ways-to-embrace-equity-in-your-organization-or-company/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
The "Petroleum Engineering" study program is a complex study program that includes a number of disciplines such as geology, chemistry, physics, mechanics, mechanical engineering, material engineering, IT technology, also including good language skills (primary English).
The aim of the study is to educate a qualified expert in the field of reservoir and exploitation engineering, respectively an expert for working on a drilling rig (for drilling of deep wells with heavy drilling rigs or workover drilling rigs, eventually for rigs for liquidation or re-liquidation wells). Thanks to complex knowledge of geology, technics and technology exploitation and storage of hydrocarbons, students will be able to solve operational problems of oil engineering.
In the area of hydrocarbon exploitation and underground gas storage, these include the issues of daily production of wells, the intensification of exploitation and the planning and execution of workover jobs, as well as the liquidation of wells. In the field of deep drilling, it is mainly about practical knowledge of operating individual drilling rig technologies (mud engineering, drilling rig machinery, drilling and casing strings, etc.). | "Petroleum Engineering ni programu ya utafiti tata ambayo inajumuisha idadi ya taaluma kama vile jiolojia, kemia, fizikia, mitambo, uhandisi wa mashine, uhandisi wa vifaa, teknolojia ya IT, pia ikiwa ni pamoja na ujuzi mzuri wa lugha (Kiingereza cha msingi)." Lengo la utafiti ni kuelimisha mtaalamu wa kitaalamu katika uwanja wa uhandisi wa hifadhi na uchimbaji, kwa mujibu wa mtaalamu wa kufanya kazi kwenye rig ya kuchimba (kwa kuchimba visima vya kina na rigs nzito za kuchimba au workover rigs, hatimaye kwa rigs kwa ajili ya kufuta au re-kufuta visima). Shukrani kwa maarifa tata ya jiolojia, mbinu na teknolojia ya uchimbaji na uhifadhi wa hidrokarboni, wanafunzi wataweza kutatua matatizo ya uendeshaji wa uhandisi wa mafuta. Katika eneo la uchimbaji wa hidrokarboni na uhifadhi wa gesi ya chini ya ardhi, hizi ni pamoja na masuala ya uzalishaji wa kila siku wa visima, kuongezeka kwa uchimbaji na mipango na utekelezaji wa kazi za kazi, pamoja na uharibifu wa visima. Katika uwanja wa kuchimba kina, ni hasa kuhusu ujuzi wa vitendo wa kuendesha teknolojia ya rig ya kuchimba (muundo wa matope, mashine ya rig ya kuchimba, mashine ya kuchimba na mashine ya kuchimba, nk. ) | <urn:uuid:655b430c-ffc9-4b6f-a173-c6ad455d6a34> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.vsb.cz/en/study/degree-students/degree-studies/master-degree/master-degree-detail/?programmeId=991 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
- Basic Computer Knowledge
- Good typing
Why you should learn Python?
The best answer is that this is one of the powerful language to develop any thing in computer science. You can develop any type of application that you wants. That application may be a desktop or web application. Machine learning and Data Science are two most important things that you can perform using python.
Why you should take this course?
You become professional developer in Python you must need to start form scratch. This course is basically takes you from very first topic and take you to a position where you can learn the advance libraries and advance topics of programming. If you are just starting your course you must take this course to make your basic concepts strong like concrete.
About this course:
Now this course is designed for beginners level students. They will learn each and every topic that they must know to take advance course. Also we will learn the latest version of Python that is Python 3 that more flexible then Python 2. In this course we start from very basics like Data types, variables, strings, operators, Conditional statements and then we will move towards Loops, Lists, Dictionaries, Tuples. Functions and at the end you will get flavor of classes and objects. Once you learn that you can make little projects that make some worth.
When I started programming then i was really interested to learn python and now I am again very much excited to teach Python to you guys. I hope that you will learn a lot from this course.
I will see you in my course. Let’s get into it!
Who this course is for:
- Beginners who are willing to learn programming
- Anyone who wants to clear it’s all programming fundamentals conecpts
- Anyone who is interested
- Those who are interested in Python 3 Programming
- Those who want to make their career in programming
- Anyone who wants to learn different applications of computer science | - Maarifa ya msingi ya kompyuta - Kuandika vizuri Kwa nini unapaswa kujifunza Python? Jibu bora ni kwamba hii ni moja ya lugha nguvu ya kuendeleza kitu chochote katika sayansi ya kompyuta. Unaweza kuunda aina yoyote ya maombi ambayo unataka. Programu hiyo inaweza kuwa desktop au programu ya mtandao. Mafunzo ya mashine na Sayansi ya Takwimu ni mambo mawili muhimu zaidi ambayo unaweza kufanya kwa kutumia python. Kwa nini unapaswa kuchukua kozi hii? Ikiwa unataka kuwa msanidi programu wa Python, unapaswa kuanza kutoka mwanzo. Kozi hii ni kimsingi inachukua wewe kutoka mada ya kwanza na kuchukua wewe kwa nafasi ambapo unaweza kujifunza maktaba ya mbele na mada ya mbele ya programu. Ikiwa unaanza tu kozi yako, lazima ufanye kozi hii ili kufanya dhana zako za msingi ziwe na nguvu kama saruji. Kwa kweli, hii ni kozi ya msingi, ambayo imekusudiwa wanafunzi wa kiwango cha mwanzo. Watajifunza kila mada ambayo lazima wajue ili waweze kuchukua kozi ya mapema. Kwa mfano, unaweza kutumia toleo la hivi karibuni la Python, Python 3, ambayo ni rahisi zaidi kuliko Python 2. Katika kozi hii, tutaanza kutoka kwa msingi kama aina za data, vigezo, safu, waendeshaji, taarifa za masharti na kisha tutahamia Loops, Orodha, Kamusi, Tuples. Kazi na mwishoni utapata ladha ya madarasa na vitu. Baada ya kujifunza kwamba unaweza kufanya miradi midogo ambayo hufanya baadhi ya thamani. Nilipokuwa na programu ya Python, nilijifunza jinsi ya kuunda programu ya Python, na sasa ninafurahi sana kuwa na uwezo wa kujifunza programu ya Python. Natumaini kwamba utajifunza mengi kutoka kwa kozi hii. Nitakuona katika kozi yangu. Hebu tuingie ndani yake! Kwa wale ambao wanataka kujifunza programu, kwa wale ambao wanataka kujifunza programu, kwa wale ambao wanataka kujifunza programu, kwa wale ambao wanataka kujifunza programu, kwa wale ambao wanataka kujifunza programu, kwa wale ambao wanataka kujifunza programu, kwa wale ambao wanataka kujifunza programu. | <urn:uuid:94288c2b-a77c-489d-a655-0e8c68e4db2e> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.webhelperapp.com/learn-python-3-from-scratch-python-for-absolute-beginners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
Corn (Zea mays)
The Latin name for this species is mays and maize is the correct title for this group of plants. The plants many of us grow for corn on the cob, or “sweet corn” as it is sometimes called, is Z. mays ssp. rugosa, and was cultivated for its high sugar content. Many varieties of maize are grown for dried, fully mature seed, which is eaten as a grain, but sweet corn is picked before the seeds mature fully, before its sugars convert back into starch. This is why fresh corn must be eaten fairly quickly after harvest, before it degrades and becomes starchy. Many hybrids have been developed that retain their sweetness for longer periods, mature uniformly, and ship well.
Maize, including sweet corn, is produced in terrific quantities throughout the Americas, with the United States growing over 300 million metric tons each year alone. The crop was grown and celebrated by Mesoamerican peoples as long as 9,000 years ago, and forms the dietary base for scores of early American civilizations. Many Indian tribes also exploited the plant for its medicinal qualities: The Cherokee used it to treat skin blemishes and kidney stones; the Navajo created a poultice for sore throats; and the Tewa used it as to treat swelling, heart palpitations, and as an aid for menstruating women. The Iroquois people provided the first record of growing sweet corn to European settlers in 1779.
Corn, however it is eaten, is high in carbohydrates, sugars, protein, vitamins, magnesium, and potassium. The edible portions of sweet corn contain about 75% water. Cooking reduces the amount of usable vitamin C in sweet corn, but increases the quantity of ferulic acid, which is thought to be a powerful antioxidant, and seems to provide several health benefits.
The original corn, called “field corn,” had a high content of starch over sugar. Sweet corn occurs as a mutation in field corn and was grown by several Native American tribes. The Iroquois gave the first recorded sweet corn (called papoon) to European settlers in 1779. It soon became a popular food.
Crop breeders isolated several cultivars of sweet corn that would produce genetically similar offspring seeds. These include Golden Bantam, Pink Popcorn, Calico Popcorn, and Bloody Butcher. There are many others, including quite a few Mexican varieties.
Hybridization crosses the pollen of one variety with the receptive female flowers of another. The seeds that result are hybrid seeds. Hybridization allowed for more uniform maturity, improved quality, and disease resistance.
The genes that enhance the sugar content and shelf life of sweet corn are carried in the plants’ pollen. In order for the genetic expression to be true, the variety may need to be isolated to prevent cross-pollination. SU, SE, and SH2 are the names of isolated gene groups. These are hybrids, not GMO / GEO.
SU varieties (developed circa 1902) have modest amounts of sugar in their kernels, and they tend to have decent corn flavor. But their conversion of sugar to starch is rapid, so they have a narrow harvest window before flavour deteriorates. They tend to have good plant vigour. To avoid cross-pollination and poor quality, SU varieties must be isolated from field corn and popcorn. They must also be isolated from the supersweet (sh2) group.
The SE gene (developed in the 1950s) gives varieties improved eating quality over SU varieties by slightly increasing the level and changing the types of sugars in the kernels. SE varieties also have a very tender pericarp (the outer layer of the kernel). The SE gene does not slow the conversion of sugars to starch but the harvest window is slightly longer than with SU varieties because of elevated sugar levels. SE varieties do not require isolation from SU varieties, but they do require isolation from SH2 and field or popcorn.
Supersweet or shrunken-2 types (also 1950s) have four to ten times the sugar content of normal sugar (SU) types and with proper handling are able to be stored for up to 10 days. They are less hardy than even sugary extender (SE) types, requiring higher soil temperature for germination, precise planting depth, and isolation from all other corn pollen for optimum results. The name derives from the shrunken, shrivelled appearance of the dried kernel which is low in starch. The SH2 gene slows the conversion of simple sugars to starch, so supersweet varieties have a much wider harvest window than other types.
Synergistic varieties combine more than one line of genetics on the same ear. The first varieties developed of this type have 25% sh2, 25% se and 50% su kernels on the cob, but now different combinations are possible. There is an increasing number of brand names and trademarks that cover specific genetic combinations under this general type.
The town of Jarvis, in southern Ontario, celebrates Cornfest each August. Jarvis really lets its hair down as it hosts a serious baseball competition, car show, live music, equestrian events, crafts, a midway, and of course, lots and lots of corn to eat. | Kwa mfano, mahindi (Zea mays) ni aina ya mahindi ya asili ya Amerika, ambayo kwa Kiingereza inaitwa mays, na mahindi (maize) ni jina la asili la mahindi. Mimea ambayo wengi wetu tunakua kwa ajili ya mahindi kwenye makapi, au "mahindi matamu" kama inavyoitwa nyakati nyingine, ni Z. mays ssp. Rugosa, na ililimwa kwa ajili ya maudhui yake ya juu ya sukari. Aina nyingi za mahindi hukuzwa kwa ajili ya mbegu kavu, zilizokomaa kabisa, ambazo zinatumiwa kama nafaka, lakini mahindi matamu huchukuliwa kabla ya mbegu kukomaa kabisa, kabla ya sukari zake kubadilishwa kuwa wanga. Kwa hiyo, mahindi safi yanapaswa kuliwa upesi baada ya kuvunwa, kabla ya kuharibika na kuwa na wanga. Mimea mingi iliyochanganywa imeanzishwa ambayo huhifadhi ladha yake kwa muda mrefu, hukomaa kwa usawa, na husafirishwa vizuri. Mahindi, pamoja na mahindi matamu, hutengenezwa kwa wingi sana katika Amerika, na Marekani pekee inazalisha zaidi ya tani milioni 300 kila mwaka. Mazao hayo yalikua na kusherehekewa na watu wa Mesoamerica miaka 9,000 iliyopita, na yanaunda msingi wa lishe kwa idadi kubwa ya ustaarabu wa mapema wa Amerika. "Kama vile watu wa kabila la Cherokee walivyotumia dawa za mimea hiyo, watu wa kabila la Navajo walitumia dawa za kuondoa maumivu ya koo, na watu wa kabila la Tewa walitumia dawa za kuondoa uvimbe, na pia za kuondoa maumivu ya moyo.""" Watu wa kabila la Iroquois walianzisha kilimo cha mahindi kwa mara ya kwanza katika 1779. Mahindi, hata iwe yanakulawa kwa njia gani, yana wanga mwingi, sukari, protini, vitamini, magnesiamu, na potasiamu. Sehemu ya mahindi yenye ladha ya sukari ina maji asilimia 75. Kupika hupunguza kiasi cha vitamini C katika mahindi ya sukari, lakini huongeza kiasi cha asidi ya ferulic, ambayo inaonekana kuwa antioxidant yenye nguvu na inaonekana kutoa faida kadhaa za afya. Mahindi ya awali, yaliyoitwa "mahindi ya shamba", yalikuwa na kiasi kikubwa cha wanga kuliko sukari. Mahindi matamu hutokea kama mabadiliko katika mahindi ya shamba na yalilimwa na makabila kadhaa ya Wenyeji wa Asili wa Amerika. Wamarekani walianza kulima mahindi ya aina ya papoon mwaka 1779. Punde si punde ikawa chakula maarufu. Wafugaji wa mazao walijitenga na aina kadhaa za mahindi matamu ambayo yangetokeza mbegu za watoto waliofanana kimetaboliki. Hizi zinatia ndani Golden Bantam, Pink Popcorn, Calico Popcorn, na Bloody Butcher. Kuna aina nyingine nyingi, kutia ndani aina kadhaa za Mexico. Mzunguko huo huchanganya chavua ya aina moja na maua ya kike ya aina nyingine. Mbegu zinazotokezwa ni mbegu za mchanganyiko. Mzunguko huo ulifanya mimea hiyo iwe na ukomavu sawa, iwe na ubora bora, na iwe sugu kwa magonjwa. Jeni zinazozidisha kiasi cha sukari na muda wa kuhifadhiwa kwa mahindi matamu hubebwa katika chavua ya mimea. Ili usemi wa maumbile uwe wa kweli, huenda aina hiyo ikahitaji kutengwa ili kuzuia chavua ya msalaba. SU, SE, na SH2 ni majina ya vikundi vya jeni vilivyojitenga. Hii ni hybrids, sio GMO. Aina za SU (zilizotengenezwa karibu na 1902) zina kiasi kidogo cha sukari katika mbegu zao, na huwa na ladha nzuri ya mahindi. Lakini wao kubadilisha sukari kwa wanga ni haraka, hivyo wana dirisha nyembamba mavuno kabla ya ladha kuharibika. Wao huwa na nguvu nzuri ya mimea. Ili kuepuka msalaba-pollination na ubora duni, aina SU lazima kutengwa kutoka mahindi shamba na popcorn. Pia lazima zitenganishwe na kundi la supersweet (sh2). Jeni ya SE (iliyotengenezwa katika miaka ya 1950) inatoa aina bora ya kula kuliko aina za SU kwa kuongeza kidogo kiwango na kubadilisha aina za sukari katika nyuzinyuzi. Aina za SE pia zina pericarp nyembamba sana (safu ya nje ya kernel). Jeni ya SE haipunguzi mabadiliko ya sukari kuwa wanga, lakini dirisha la mavuno ni ndefu kidogo kuliko aina za SU kwa sababu ya viwango vya sukari vilivyoinuka. Aina za SE hazihitaji kutengwa kutoka kwa aina za SU, lakini zinahitaji kutengwa kutoka kwa SH2 na popcorn. Supersweet au shrunken-2 aina (pia 1950s) ina mara nne hadi kumi sukari ya aina ya kawaida ya sukari (SU) na kwa utunzaji sahihi wanaweza kuhifadhiwa kwa hadi siku 10. Ni chini ya hardy kuliko hata aina ya sukari extender (SE), ambayo inahitaji joto la udongo kwa ajili ya kuota, kina cha kupanda sahihi, na kutengwa kutoka kwa chavua nyingine zote kwa matokeo bora. Jina linatokana na kuanguka, kuharibika kuonekana ya kernel kukaushwa ambayo ni chini katika starch. SH2 inaongeza kasi ya kubadilisha sukari rahisi kuwa wanga, na hivyo aina za super-sweet zina nafasi kubwa ya kuvuna kuliko aina nyingine. Aina za synergistic huchanganya zaidi ya mstari mmoja wa chembe za urithi kwenye sikio moja. Aina ya kwanza ya aina hii ina 25% sh2, 25% se na 50% su kernels kwenye cob, lakini sasa mchanganyiko tofauti ni uwezekano. Kuna idadi inayoongezeka ya majina ya bidhaa na alama za biashara ambazo hufunika mchanganyiko maalum wa maumbile chini ya aina hii ya jumla. Jiji la Jarvis, kusini mwa Ontario, huadhimisha Sherehe ya Mahindi kila Agosti. Jarvis ni moja ya maeneo maarufu zaidi ya mji wa Miami, na ina mashindano ya baseball, maonyesho ya magari, muziki wa moja kwa moja, mashindano ya farasi, ufundi, na chakula cha mchana. | <urn:uuid:14cd0474-4a4f-4c34-b379-dcf989d13805> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.westcoastseeds.com/blogs/wcs-academy/about-corn | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |
A study of plastic trash hauled out of the Pacific Ocean found that most of it had been colonized by coastal life that was thriving right next to species that normally live in the open sea.
great pacific garbage patch
Four months into its testing phase, the Ocean Cleanup's plastic-catching device isn't catching as much plastic as intended.
A young innovator wants to remove all the plastic from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. But his invention, a long floating boom, is moving too slowly to hold the trash it collects.
The giant, U-shaped tube is designed to form a garbage-corralling barrier propelled by wind and waves. Its creator hopes to remove half the plastic in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in five years. | Uchunguzi wa taka za plastiki zilizopatikana katika Bahari ya Pasifiki uligundua kwamba sehemu kubwa ya taka hizo zilikuwa zimekaliwa na viumbe wa pwani ambao walikuwa wakitawi karibu na spishi ambazo kwa kawaida huishi baharini. Mfumo wa Ocean Cleanup wa kuondoa plastiki haukukamata plastiki nyingi kama ilivyokusudiwa Mvumbuzi mchanga anataka kuondoa plastiki yote kutoka kwa Mchuzi Mkubwa wa Takwimu za Pasifiki. Lakini uvumbuzi wake, chombo kirefu kinachoelea, husonga polepole sana hivi kwamba hakiwezi kubeba takwimu zinazokusanywa. Bomba hilo kubwa lenye umbo la herufi U limebuniwa ili kufanyiza kizuizi cha kuhifadhi taka kinachosukumwa na upepo na mawimbi. Mtengenezaji wake anatumaini kuondoa nusu ya plastiki katika eneo kubwa la taka la Pasifiki katika miaka mitano. | <urn:uuid:09e22614-44e4-4c48-b55e-c35f6967e768> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.wfdd.org/tags/great-pacific-garbage-patch | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474594.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225071740-20240225101740-00213.warc.gz |