text
stringlengths 8
300
| spo_list
list |
|---|---|
垂体功能减退@## 治疗流程 请注意，同一药物不同名称的剂型和剂量可能不同： [ 参见免责声明 ](https://bestpractice.bmj.com/info/disclaimer/) 初始 ### 垂体卒中 查看全部 首选 – 静脉注射氢化可的松 #### 第一选择 [ 氢化可的松 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 儿童：咨询专科医生以指导剂量；成人：100 mg，静脉使用，每 8 小时给药；或 300 mg 静脉输液24 小时。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "垂体卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氢化可的松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "垂体功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "垂体卒中"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【缺陷类型】 HS的主要分子缺陷是维持红细胞形态的细胞骨架蛋白-收缩蛋白（spectrin，SP）和锚蛋白（ankyrin）异常。虽然胆石症可发生于早至4～5岁的患儿，但大多见于年长儿童；如未行脾切除者，约有50%的病例将来可合并胆石症。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "HS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆石症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@胸部CT扫描可能显示血管管腔内的中央充盈缺损、充盈缺损周围有对比剂和（或）完全闭塞。非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@平滑、与血管壁成钝角的充盈缺损可能表示慢性血栓或最近血管再通。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "慢性血栓",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部CT扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
骨性关节炎@尽管接受治疗，大部分患者仍然存在不同程度的疼痛与功能受限，影响他们的活动和生活质量。骨性关节炎@药物使用的并发症，特别是非甾体抗炎药，同样是一个问题。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "骨性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非甾体抗炎药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "骨性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "功能受限"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "骨性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
缺血性卒中@ 足以影响或阻碍患者恢复工作能力的长期严重残疾率为 15% 到 30%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "15% 到 30%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@ 推荐在病情检查期间进行一次结构性成像检查。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "一次结构性成像检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性胰腺炎@脱水会引起一定程度的肾前性氮质血症，表现为肌酐和尿素水平升高。急性胰腺炎@在未患胆总管结石的情况下，肝功能检查结果通常是正常的，但是也可见碱性磷酸酶和胆红素水平略升高。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝功能检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
食管癌@放射治疗作为诱导治疗： * 单独放射治疗不用作诱导治疗，因为没有证据表明其在总生存期方面存在效益。食管癌@ 化疗作为诱导治疗： * 多项随机对照试验已显示出使用化疗作为诱导治疗的总生存期和无进展生存期的趋势。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "食管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
甲状腺癌@ ### TSH抑制相关的骨质流失 | 存在差异 | 低 绝经后没有补充雌激素的女性，TSH抑制治疗可能造成骨质流失的后遗症。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "甲状腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "TSH抑制相关的骨质流失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
小儿常见的烧烫伤病因有： （一）皮肤接触高温物体或高温液体 多见于3岁以下、具有行走等初步活动能力的幼儿，接触如尚未冷却饭菜、开水、烫锅、电热杯等所致。 （三）爆炸时烧伤 较少，多见于烟花爆竹意外。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "烧烫伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "爆炸时烧伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@患者常表现为局灶性阵挛性活动；但是有时仅仅发生认知变化或隔离失语症。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "认知变化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "隔离失语症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
急性胰腺炎@病情严重程度不等，从可完全康复的轻度胰腺水肿到重度全身性炎症反应伴胰腺/胰腺周围坏死、多器官衰竭以及死亡。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "轻度胰腺水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多器官衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "死亡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 急性肾炎临床表现轻重悬殊,轻者全无临床症状,仅见镜下血尿，重者可呈急进性过程，短期内出现肾功能不全。当肾炎患儿出现呼吸急促和肺部有湿啰音时，应警惕循环充血的可能性，严重者可出现呼吸困难、端坐呼吸、颈静脉怒张、频咳、咳粉红色泡沫痰、两肺满布湿啰音、心脏扩大,甚至出现奔马律、肝大而硬、水肿加剧。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸急促"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺部有湿啰音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝大而硬"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "水肿加剧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "端坐呼吸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "频咳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颈静脉怒张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳粉红色泡沫痰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两肺满布湿啰音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏扩大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝大而硬"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾功能不全"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无临床症状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
产后抑郁症@早发性抑郁（产后6~8周内）、重度抑郁、具有双相或精神病性症状的抑郁症提示存在特定的产后诱发因素，后续的产后发作风险在这些患者可能升高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早发性抑郁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重度抑郁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
痔@## 病因学 主要发病原因被认为是由于慢性便秘或腹泻所造成的过度用力排便。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "痔",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性便秘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "痔",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "痔",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "过度用力排便"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@这种联合用药已经证明可以有效地防止治疗期间症状恶化。铅中毒@琥巯酸的优点是可以口服给药。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "琥巯酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
二、过敏性口炎 过敏性口炎亦称变态反应性口炎（allergic stomatitis），是由于个体差异，一些普通无害的东西如各种口腔药物漱口水、牙膏碘合剂或药物作为抗原刺激黏膜，使局部产生抗原抗体反应而引起的黏膜损害。对症治疗包括局部止痛和抗感染等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "过敏性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局部止痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "过敏性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "变态反应性口炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "变态反应性口炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "allergic stomatitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性肾病@尿微量白蛋白检测有助于在大量白蛋白尿出现之前早期确诊糖尿病性肾病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "糖尿病性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿微量白蛋白检测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@动脉粥样硬化性疾病也可与冠状血管收缩有关，冠状动脉收缩会影响冠脉血流，在不存在严重固定狭窄的情况下出现心绞痛。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "动脉粥样硬化性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冠状血管收缩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
CVS的发病率为2%～3%；90年代Abu-Arateh等报道CVS在2165名5～15岁英国苏格兰儿童中发病率为1. 9%；本世纪初Ertekin等报道美国俄亥俄州儿童CVS发病率为0. 4%。男女均可发病，女稍多于男（55∶45）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "CVS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男女均可发病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "CVS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "女稍多于男（55∶45）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
破伤风@ ### 体格检查 如果出现牙关紧闭（可能导致出现医学上描述为“痉笑”或“狞笑”的古怪表情） 和以下一种或多种症状：肌强直、肌肉痉挛、呼吸困难、吞咽困难或自主神经功能障碍（体温过高、血压不稳、心律失常），应高度怀疑破伤风。破伤风@强直性肌肉痉挛也可导致角弓反张、 板状腹壁僵硬、吞咽困难和呼吸暂停，呼吸暂停的原因是胸肌和/或声门或咽部肌肉收缩。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "牙关紧闭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "角弓反张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吞咽困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌强直"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌肉痉挛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "自主神经功能障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体温过高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血压不稳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心律失常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "强直性肌肉痉挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "板状腹壁僵硬"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "强直性肌肉痉挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吞咽困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "强直性肌肉痉挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸暂停"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
儿童偏头痛@检查 若头痛患儿出现高血压，应立即广泛寻找病因，通常为肾性、血管性、内分泌性或神经性高血压。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "神经性高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
肝硬化@门脉高压的表现：腹水、脾功能亢进、侧支循环形成。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "门脉高压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "门脉高压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脾功能亢进"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "门脉高压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "侧支循环形成"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
第五章 青紫型先天性心脏病 第一节 法洛四联症 法洛四联症（tetralogy of Fallot，TOF）是最常见的青紫型先天性心脏病，约占青紫型先天性心脏病的70%左右，约占所有先天性心脏病的10%。年龄过小的婴幼儿可先行姑息分流手术，对重症的患儿也宜先行姑息手术，待年长后一般情况改善，肺血管发育好转后，再作根治术。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "姑息分流手术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "tetralogy of Fallot"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "tetralogy of Fallot",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "法洛四联症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "TOF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "法洛四联症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青紫型先天性心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（二）胆道蛔虫症 阵发性右上腹剧烈绞痛，常伴有呕吐，可吐出胆汁和蛔虫。患儿异常疲乏。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆道蛔虫症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "患儿异常疲乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
【病因】 （一）消化系统疾病 各种消化系统疾病都可引起呕吐，主要有消化道先天畸形、梗阻、炎症、感染、出血、功能失调等。 3.消化系统感染及炎症 如急性胃炎、急性肠炎、坏死性小肠结肠炎、腹膜炎等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呕吐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消化系统感染及炎症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呕吐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性胃炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呕吐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性肠炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呕吐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "坏死性小肠结肠炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呕吐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呕吐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消化系统疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呕吐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消化道先天畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呕吐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "梗阻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呕吐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "炎症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呕吐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呕吐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呕吐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "各种消化系统疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
小细胞肺癌@对于这些患者进行手术切除，通常是肺叶切除是合理的。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手术切除"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺叶切除"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
痛风@患者可能称这种疼痛是他们经历过的最严重的疼痛。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
新生儿室息（asphyxia of newborn)是指新生儿出生后不能建立正常的自主呼吸而导致低氧血症、高碳酸血症及全身多脏器损伤，是引起新生儿死亡和儿童伤残的重要原因之一。 胸外心脏按压：如有效正压通气30秒后心率持续<60次/分,应同时进行胸外心脏按压, 胸外按压和气管插管气囊正压通气45 -60秒后再进行评估。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "新生儿室息",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸外心脏按压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "新生儿室息",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "asphyxia of newborn"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
综上所述，目前对SSPE的诊断只要具备相应的临床表现（不一定十分典型）以及脑脊液麻疹抗体升高两项条件即可建立诊断，如果还具备一些支持条件如麻疹病史或接种史、典型分期、脑电图异常、脑脊液球蛋白升高及神经影像学的动态变化时，诊断将更为肯定。 1.异丙肌苷（isoprinosine） 可能增加病人存活时间，对改善某些症状有所益处。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "SSPE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "异丙肌苷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "异丙肌苷",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "isoprinosine"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@辅助治疗包括长效 β-2 受体激动剂（如沙美特罗）、白三烯受体拮抗剂（如孟鲁司特、 扎鲁司特） 或茶碱。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "长效 β-2 受体激动剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "沙美特罗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白三烯受体拮抗剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "孟鲁司特"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "扎鲁司特"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "茶碱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
在我国乙型脑炎主要发生于夏秋季节（7～9月份），与其主要传媒——库蚊的繁殖季节相关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "乙型脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "夏秋季节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "乙型脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "7～9月份"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "传播途径",
"subject": "乙型脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "库蚊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@蛋白尿是由肾小管通透性增加所致，见于66%至100%的患者。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "蛋白尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾小管通透性增加"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
小细胞肺癌@结果 脑转移可能显示为增强薄壁组织肿块伴周围水肿 ### 骨扫描 检查 结果 检查 如果无法行 PET/CT，骨扫描能用于确定有无转移。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
帕金森病@## 预后 ### 这是一种神经退行性障碍，无法根治，也不存在疾病修饰药物。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无法根治"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
}
] |
急性膀胱炎@### 尿道置管 导管相关泌尿系感染是最常见的院内感染，在置管 5 天及以上患者中占 50% 以上。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "急性膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿道置管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
临床对轻型DIC、疑似DIC而未肯定诊断者或高凝状态者,在控制原发病的基础上可单独应用此类药物治疗。常用药物有:①阿司匹林:剂量为每日10mg/kg,分2~3次口服,持续用至血小板数恢复正常后数日才停药;②双嘧达莫(潘生丁）：剂量为每日10mg/kg,分次口服。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "DIC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿司匹林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "DIC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双嘧达莫(潘生丁）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
婴儿猝死综合征@[ 百日咳 ](/topics/zh-cn/682) ### 先天性新陈代谢缺陷（特别是脂肪氧化功能障碍、线粒体异常和尿素循环缺陷） 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 发育迟滞/饮食不佳。 婴儿猝死综合征@精神状态改变：可为急性或亚急性发病。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性新陈代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "精神状态改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性新陈代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发育迟滞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性新陈代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "饮食不佳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
18-三体综合征@ （6）内分泌系统： 可有甲状腺发育不良，胸腺及肾上腺发育不良。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "18-三体综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲状腺发育不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "18-三体综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸腺及肾上腺发育不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
胰腺癌@结果 升高 ### 胰腺特定CT 检查 结果 检查 所有一开始即怀疑有胰腺癌的患者均应接受胰腺特异CT。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰腺特定CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
（三）迟发型 多发生于出生后1个月。发病原因如下： 1.摄入不足 新生儿吃奶量少且母乳中维生素含量低，初乳中几乎不含维生素K，如长期单纯母乳喂养，未及时添加辅食，未添加含维生素K丰富的蔬菜、水果，均可引起维生素K缺乏。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "迟发型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "摄入不足"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
乙型肝炎@### 扑翼样震颤 慢性HBV感染相关性肝硬化患者，包括失代偿期肝硬化患者中常见。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "扑翼样震颤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
对于有意识障碍的小儿要注意生命体征的改变。精神状态要注意有无烦躁不安、激惹、谵妄或迟钝、抑郁、幻觉及定向障碍等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "意识障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "烦躁不安"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "意识障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "激惹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "意识障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "谵妄"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "意识障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "迟钝"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "意识障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抑郁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "意识障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "幻觉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "意识障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "定向障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
肥厚型心肌病@猝死的危险因素如下。肥厚型心肌病@ * 运动时血压异常：定义是运动中收缩压上升＜20mmHg，血压不升高，或血压下降＞20mmHg。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "猝死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "运动时血压异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
研究较多的是母亲孕早期叶酸和其他多种维生素（包括维生素A、B1、B2、C、D、E以及尼克酸等）的缺乏与NTDs发生的关系，尤其是叶酸与NTDs关系自80年代以来已取得突破性进展，现已确定妇女怀孕早期叶酸缺乏是NTDs发生的主要原因。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "NTDs",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "妇女怀孕早期叶酸缺乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
妊娠胆汁淤积@由于胎粪吸入综合征不可用现有的监控手段进行预测，可能增加新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的风险。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "胎粪吸入综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
毛细胞白血病@ * 少数情况下，HCL 也可见到 M 蛋白血症，尽管血清蛋白电泳无需作为常规检查。毛细胞白血病@ ### 影像 除非疾病轻微，影像学检查非诊断需要，CT 可以用于检测轻度的器官肿大和淋巴结肿大。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "毛细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清蛋白电泳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@另一种 HDAC 抑制剂伏立诺他 (vorinostat) 与硼替佐米联合使用时具有毒性，多达 40% 的患者可出现严重不良事件。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伏立诺他"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "vorinostat"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "伏立诺他",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "vorinostat"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硼替佐米"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
小儿再障分为： （一）先天性（体质性）或遗传性 1. Fanconi贫血。 4.网状组织增生不良症（reticular dysgenesis）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "再障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "网状组织增生不良症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "再障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Fanconi贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "小儿再障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性（体质性）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "小儿再障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "遗传性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
曲霉病（aspergillosis)是由致病曲霉（aspeigillus )所致的疾病。致病菌主要经呼吸道吸人侵犯肺部，也可侵犯皮肤、黏膜。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "曲霉病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "曲霉病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "曲霉病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黏膜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "aspergillosis",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "曲霉病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "致病曲霉",
"subject_type": "社会学",
"object": {
"@value": "aspeigillus"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "曲霉病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "致病曲霉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 典型的Turner综合征患者在出生时就有身高和体重发育落后，在新生儿时期可见颈后皮肤过度折叠以及手、足背发生水肿等特殊症状。约35%患儿伴有心脏畸形，以主动脉缩窄为多见。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Turner综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Turner综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "身高和体重发育落后"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Turner综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颈后皮肤过度折叠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Turner综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手、足背发生水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
人蛔虫病是世界上流行最广的人类蠕虫病,据世界卫生组织（WHO)估计全球有13亿患者，儿童，特别是学龄前儿童感染率高。 感染严重者可造成营养不良，影响生长发育。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "营养不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "影响生长发育"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童，特别是学龄前儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "学龄前儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
【流行病学】 肺吸虫病分布甚广，亚洲、非洲，北美洲、拉丁美洲及欧洲均有发生。 （三）腹部症状 主要为腹痛及腹泻。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "分布甚广"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "亚洲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非洲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "北美洲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "拉丁美洲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "欧洲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
1.中枢性尿崩症 中枢性尿崩症由ADH缺乏引起，下丘脑及垂体任何部位的病变均可引起尿崩症，其中因下丘脑视上核与室旁核内神经元发育不良或退行性病变引起的最多见，在以往报道中约占50%。 （1）获得性： 通常是由不同类型的损伤或疾病而造成：如①肿瘤：由颅内肿瘤引起的患儿至少占30%，如颅咽管瘤、垂体瘤、松果体瘤、神经胶质细胞瘤及黄色瘤等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ADH缺乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
缺血性卒中@[ 短暂性脑缺血发作 ](/topics/zh-cn/107) ### 高血压脑病 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 同时具有头痛、认知水平异常或意识水平下降，且血压明显高于患者的基线血压则提示高血压脑病。 缺血性卒中@[ 高血压脑病 ](/topics/zh-cn/27) ### 低血糖 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 可能有使用胰岛素或促胰岛素激素的糖尿病史。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低血糖"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "短暂性脑缺血发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压脑病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
早产@附加 – 宫缩抑制剂 针对经选择患者组部分患者的治疗推荐 #### 第一选择 [ 硝苯地平 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 30 mg，口服（速释型）作为负荷剂量，之后10-20 mg，每4-6小时一次 或 [ 阿托西班 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 咨询专科医师以指导剂量 使用宫缩抑制剂可以将孕期延长2至7天。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "宫缩抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硝苯地平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿托西班"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
肺孢子虫病@听诊时啰音不多，1～2周内呼吸困难逐渐加重。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺孢子虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "啰音不多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺孢子虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "1～2周内呼吸困难逐渐加重"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "肺孢子虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "听诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第八节 流行性腮腺炎 流行性腮腺炎（mumps，epidemic parotitis）是由腮腺炎病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。 （五）其他 女性患者可有卵巢炎。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "卵巢炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "mumps"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "epidemic parotitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸道"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腮腺炎病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
婴儿猝死综合征@[ 百日咳 ](/topics/zh-cn/682) ### 先天性新陈代谢缺陷（特别是脂肪氧化功能障碍、线粒体异常和尿素循环缺陷） 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 发育迟滞/饮食不佳。 婴儿猝死综合征@用于组织学检查的肌肉活组织检查。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "先天性新陈代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌肉活组织检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性新陈代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发育迟滞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性新陈代谢缺陷",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "饮食不佳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@### 异物吸入 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 突然出现咳嗽、喘息或哽咽的症状发作病史提示异物吸入。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "异物吸入"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "异物吸入",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "突然出现咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "异物吸入",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "哽咽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
（一）联合免疫缺陷病（ 表17-17） 表17-3 联合免疫缺陷病 续表 注：↓下降，→正常，↘逐渐下降，XL：X连锁遗传，AR：常染色体隐性遗传，ADA：腺苷脱氨酶，RAG：重组活化基因 联合免疫缺陷病（combined immunodeficiency）该组疾病中T和B细胞均可能有明显缺陷，临床表现为婴儿期严重致死性感染，细胞免疫和抗体反应均缺陷，外周血淋巴细胞减少，以T淋巴细胞为主。 3.嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶（purine nucleoside phosphorylase，PNP）缺陷 PNP缺乏致毒性中间代谢产物脱氧三磷酸鸟苷累积，对淋巴细胞，尤其是T细胞损伤尤为严重。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "联合免疫缺陷病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PNP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "purine nucleoside phosphorylase"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PNP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "联合免疫缺陷病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "combined immunodeficiency"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "联合免疫缺陷病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "严重致死性感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（三）淋巴母细胞白血病/淋巴瘤 WHO将前驱T或B淋巴母细胞型白血病/淋巴瘤归为同一类，前驱T细胞起源者以淋巴瘤为多见，而前驱B细胞起源者以白血病多见。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
皮肤紫癜反复出现皮肤紫癜为本病特征，多见于四肢及臀部，对称分布，伸侧较多,分批出现,面部及躯干较少。少数重症患儿紫癜可融合成大疱伴出血性坏死。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "皮肤紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大疱伴出血性坏死"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "皮肤紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "四肢及臀部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "皮肤紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "对称分布"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "皮肤紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伸侧较多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "皮肤紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "分批出现"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "皮肤紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "面部及躯干较少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
登革热@胃肠道症状，乏力，头晕可能在DHF中更明显。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "DHF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乏力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "DHF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头晕"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
第十二节 EB病毒感染 EB病毒感染（EB virus infection）系EB病毒所致常见传染性疾病。接触含有病毒的唾液是本病的主要传播方式。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "传播途径",
"subject": "EB病毒感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "接触含有病毒的唾液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "EB病毒感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "EB virus infection"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "EB病毒感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "EB病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
【实验室检查】 病毒感染者外周血白细胞计数正常或偏低，中性粒细胞减少，淋巴细胞计数相对增高。病毒分离和血清学检查可明确病原。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "病毒感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清学检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中性粒细胞减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴细胞计数相对增高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
前列腺癌@ ### 排尿踌躇 低风险疾病中并不常见，如果出现，可能提示有更高的T分期或BPH。前列腺癌@ ### 排尿困难 低风险疾病中并不常见，如果出现，可能提示有更高的T分期或BPH。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "前列腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "排尿踌躇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
【实验室检查】 （一）梅毒螺旋体检查 取皮肤或黏膜破损的分泌物直接涂片，用暗视野显微镜检查梅毒螺旋体。 【治疗】 驱梅治疗首选青霉素，迄今无耐药菌株报道。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "梅毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "梅毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "梅毒螺旋体检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
3.心力衰竭的治疗 ①给氧。心力衰竭严重者或伴有先天性心脏病者，宜先用毛花苷丙饱和，量为0. 02～0. 04mg/kg，首剂给总量的1/3～1/2，余量分两次，每隔4～6小时给予。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "毛花苷丙饱和"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "给氧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
床边食管调搏可用于室上速的诊断、鉴别诊断及药物治疗疗效的评价。此外，还可应用抗心律失常药物如奎尼丁、普鲁卡因胺及普萘洛尔。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "室上速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奎尼丁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "室上速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "普鲁卡因胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "室上速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "普萘洛尔"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "室上速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "床边食管调搏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
垂体功能减退@ 对于存在多个心血管危险因素的大于 65 岁的男性性腺功能减退患者，应谨慎使用外源性睾酮，因为与安慰剂相比，其造成不良心血管事件的发生率升高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "性腺功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外源性睾酮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "性腺功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "安慰剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
（一）康复治疗 针对脑瘫患儿的现有能力进行功能障碍评定，制订合适小儿特点的训练方案，并备有训练的设施。应加强患儿父母教育，学习功能训练手法及日常生活动作训练方法；全面关心患儿，注意合理营养和护理。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "脑瘫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "加强患儿父母教育"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "脑瘫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全面关心患儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
【治疗】 注意缺陷多动障碍是由生物、心理、社会等因素引起，因此，必须进行综合治疗。 （2）哌甲酯缓释片（专注达）： 药物剂量也需要个体化，此药与利他林区别在于疗效持续10～12小时。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "注意缺陷多动障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "哌甲酯缓释片（专注达）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
婴儿猝死综合征@ 任意量的母乳喂养均有保护作用，纯母乳喂养的保护作用更强。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "母乳喂养"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
根据肿瘤细胞在骨组织中浸润和骨化的特性，成骨肉瘤可以分为成骨性骨肉瘤、成软骨性骨肉瘤和成纤维性骨肉瘤。 （三）跛行 由于肢体疼痛而引发的避痛性跛行，随着病情的进展而加重，患病时间稍长者可以出现关节活动受限和肌肉的失用性萎缩。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "成骨肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "跛行"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "成骨肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "避痛性跛行"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "成骨肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "成骨性骨肉瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "成骨肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "成软骨性骨肉瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "成骨肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "成纤维性骨肉瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "成骨肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨性骨肉瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
腹主动脉瘤@在特定临床情况下，出现发热可增加感染性 AAA 的可能性。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "AAA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "发热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "AAA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
急性髓性白血病@去白细胞：在具有高疾病负担的患者中（即 WBC 计数＞100,000/μL），推荐在化疗之前使用羟基脲治疗。急性髓性白血病@在少数情况下，如果患者出现了症状且具有很高的 WBC 计数，可能需要采取紧急白细胞去除术。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "羟基脲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白细胞去除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
缺血性卒中@ 对于隐源性卒中和怀疑阵发性心律失常的患者，可进一步给予门诊监护，尤其是如果他们曾短期住院和接受短期监护。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "门诊监护"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
(二）一般治疗 1.妊娠期高血压患者可在家或住院治疗，轻度子痫前期应住院评估决定是否院内治疗，重度子痫前期及子痫患者应住院治疗。其副作用为嗜睡、便秘、口干、心动过缓。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "嗜睡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "便秘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "口干"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心动过缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "重度子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "子痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "轻度子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重度子痫前期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
大动脉转位除合并卵圆孔、动脉导管未闭外不伴有其他心血管畸形时称为单纯型大动脉转位，半数的大动脉转位的患儿均属于此类型。其他合并畸形尚包括房室瓣异常、主动脉梗阻。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "大动脉转位",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "房室瓣异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "大动脉转位",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "主动脉梗阻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
前列腺癌@#### 第三选择 [ 恩杂鲁胺 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 参照当地专家医师剂量方案指南。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "前列腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恩杂鲁胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
最近发现早产儿非囊性PVL可伴有灰质损伤，包括大脑皮质区和下丘脑和基底节等深部核结构的神经元缺失，称为早产儿脑病（encephalopathy of prematurity）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "早产儿脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "encephalopathy of prematurity"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "早产儿非囊性PVL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早产儿脑病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "encephalopathy of prematurity",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早产儿脑病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
癫痫（epilepsy )是一种以具有持久性的产生癫痫发作的倾向为特征的慢性脑疾病，可由遗传、代谢、结构、免疫等不同病因所导致。 强直发作:发作时全身肌肉强烈收缩伴意识丧失，使患儿固定于某种姿势,如头眼偏斜、双上肢屈曲或伸直、呼吸暂停、角弓反张等，持续5 ~20秒或更长,发作期EEG为低波幅10Hz以上的快活动或棘波节律。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "强直发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "epilepsy"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 90%的化脓性脑膜炎患儿为5岁以下儿童，2岁以内发病者约占75%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "化脓性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5岁以下儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
HCMV感染引起的病变是多系统、多脏器的。在新生儿病例中，可发现有髓外血细胞生成和圆形细胞浸润或亦可见巨细胞；肝脏病理改变可见肝细胞水肿和类似慢性肝炎样改变，又可引起重型肝炎改变。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HCMV感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "髓外血细胞生成"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HCMV感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "圆形细胞浸润"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HCMV感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "巨细胞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HCMV感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝细胞水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HCMV感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性肝炎样改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HCMV感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重型肝炎改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
3.抗核抗体（antinuclear antibodies，ANAs） 是与各种细胞核成分反应的自身抗体的总称，包括针对脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）、可提取的核蛋白（snENP）、核糖核酸（RNA）、组蛋白、酶及核仁等细胞核成分的抗体。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "抗核抗体",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "antinuclear antibodies"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "抗核抗体",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "ANAs"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
（五）出生后发生的贫血 出生后不久发生的贫血主要是指各种失血性贫血，其中肝、脾破裂出血，肾上腺出血病情非常严重，需及时诊断和紧急处理。 2.颅内出血 颅内出血量较多时可发生贫血，面色苍白，患儿同时表现为惊厥、两眼凝视、呼吸暂停、四肢肌张力增高或降低、前囟隆起等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "出生后发生的贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅内出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "出生后发生的贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅内出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
典型的JAS会逐渐表现出腰、臀及骶部疼痛，肌腱附着处炎症， MRI会较早发现骶髂关节炎。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "JAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌腱附着处炎症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "JAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腰、臀及骶部疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "JAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "JAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骶髂关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@ ### 肾衰竭 | 存在差异 | 中 是不良治疗效果的预测因子。多发性骨髓瘤@透析决策受基础疾病状态的影响。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肾衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "透析"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
口腔黏膜炎@继发性真菌感染，通常由 _白色念珠菌引起_ ，但也可由其他念珠菌属（ _如光滑假丝酵母菌_ 和 _热带假丝酵母_ ）引起，常见于接受头颈部放化疗的患者，尤其是唾液分泌功能严重受损的患者。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "口腔黏膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "继发性真菌感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@他描述疼痛为持续的钝痛，有时夜间会疼醒，进食或喝牛奶可以缓解，服用雷尼替丁有部分效果。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "持续的钝痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 小儿慢性胃炎的症状无特异性，多数有不同程度的消化不良症状，临床表现的轻重与胃黏膜的病变程度并非一致，且病程迁延。幼儿腹痛可仅表现不安和正常进食行为改变，年长儿症状似成人，常诉上腹痛，其次有嗳气、早饱、恶心、上腹部不适及泛酸。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿慢性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "有嗳气"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿慢性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早饱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿慢性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿慢性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上腹部不适及泛酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿慢性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "正常进食行为改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿慢性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿慢性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不安"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿慢性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消化不良症状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
1）喹诺酮类药：治疗腹泻抗菌药的首选药物。常规剂量：诺氟沙星每日15～20mg/kg，分2～3次口服；环丙沙星每日10～15mg/kg，分2次口服或静脉滴注。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "诺氟沙星"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环丙沙星"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
口咽癌@### 耳痛 耳痛是由于刺激第IX和X颅神经鼓膜支引起的牵涉痛，通常是晚期的标志，发生在3%至6%的患者。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "口咽癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "耳痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
婴儿型脚气病多发生于数个月的婴儿，发病急、突然，较成人型难以捉摸，可出现多种临床表现，但以心血管症状占优势。神经炎主要表现为周围性瘫痪，早期表现为四肢无力，其后症状加重，同时足趾的背屈运动受限。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴儿型脚气病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "周围性瘫痪"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴儿型脚气病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "四肢无力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴儿型脚气病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "足趾的背屈运动受限"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
麻疹感染@5-9岁儿童最易感染，发病率无性别差异。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "麻疹感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "麻疹感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5-9岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "麻疹感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无性别差异"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
第八节 肺吸虫病 肺吸虫病（paragonimiasis）由肺吸虫寄生于人体所引起。叩诊可呈浊音，听诊多能闻及啰音或呼吸音粗糙。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "叩诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "听诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "浊音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "闻及啰音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸音粗糙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "paragonimiasis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺吸虫寄生于人体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
双糖不耐受患儿食用含双糖(包括乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖）的饮食可使腹泻加重,其中以乳糖不耐受最多见，治疗中应注意减少饮食中的双糖负荷，如采用不含乳糖代乳品或去乳糖配方奶粉等。 要素饮食:是肠黏膜受损伤患儿最理想的食物，系由氨基酸、葡萄糖、中链甘油三酯、多种维 生素和微量元素组合而成。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "要素饮食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
一、主动脉瓣狭窄 大约85%的先天性主动脉瓣狭窄为二瓣畸形，这二个主动脉瓣一大一小，其间有一偏心的鱼嘴样开口。 严重主动脉瓣狭窄患儿生后如卵圆孔关闭，左心房压升高，左心室心输出量可维持，但可出现肺水肿的表现。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "主动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性主动脉瓣狭窄"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "二瓣畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
大多数脑膜炎病例是由血行播散引起。也可由脑脊膜膨出、神经管缺损、先天性窦道、胎儿头皮采血标本穿透伤或因胎内心电图监测致邻近播散所引起。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑脊膜膨出"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "神经管缺损"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性窦道"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血行播散"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |