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自身免疫性肝炎@结果 非典型核周抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体可见于 1 型自身免疫性肝炎的患者 ### 抗-ssDNA（单链 DNA 抗体） 检查 结果 检查 抗核抗体阳性的 1 型自身免疫性肝炎的患者或许还可见单链 DNA 抗体（抗-ssDNA）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗-ssDNA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "抗-ssDNA",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "单链 DNA 抗体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
原发性高血压@### 感觉或运动障碍 可能是脑血管疾病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "原发性高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感觉或运动障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
细菌性脑膜炎@[ 休克 ](/topics/zh-cn/1013) ### 颅内压升高 | 短期 | 中 对细菌的局部炎症反应、变化的脑血流以及血管炎导致脑水肿。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脑水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脑水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "变化的脑血流"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脑水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌的局部炎症反应"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅内压升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
脑炎@ ### 病毒感染后的慢性疲劳综合征 | 存在差异 | 低 病毒性脑炎后有时会出现长期、持续性的疲劳、肌肉酸痛、注意力难以集中、产后劳累不适等症状。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "持续性的疲劳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌肉酸痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "注意力难以集中"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "产后劳累不适"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性疲劳综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "持续性的疲劳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌肉酸痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "注意力难以集中"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "产后劳累不适"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@[ 胸膜痛 ](/topics/zh-cn/646) ### 心包炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 持续的胸膜性疼痛，位于胸部正中，在仰卧位加重，向一侧或两侧斜方肌放射。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心包炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心包炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸膜性疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
体重低下见于大部分阻塞性肺通气不良的小儿中。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "阻塞性肺通气不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重低下"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
前置胎盘@应对妊娠中期或妊娠晚期的无痛性出血进行检查，以排除前置胎盘。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无痛性出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
急性咽喉炎@对于链球菌性咽炎，抗生素仅能将症状持续时间缩短不足一天。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "链球菌性咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
至今SMA尚无特异的有效治疗，主要治疗措施为预防或治疗各种严重肌无力产生的并发症，如肺炎、营养不良、骨骼畸形、行动障碍和精神社会性问题等。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "严重肌无力",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "严重肌无力",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "营养不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "严重肌无力",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨骼畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "严重肌无力",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "行动障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@### 帕金森病痴呆 (Parkinson's disease dementia, PDD) 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 特征与路易体痴呆 (DLB) 类似，在帕金森病确诊情况下，特征可能包括进行性认知减退和结构良好的视觉幻觉。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "路易体痴呆",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "DLB"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "帕金森病痴呆",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Parkinson's disease dementia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "帕金森病痴呆"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
4.血电解质、结核菌素试验及胸片等。 （二）X线检查 钡剂灌肠与钡餐是诊断IBD的重要手段之一，尤其气钡双重造影更能显示黏膜细小病变，提高诊断率。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "IBD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血电解质"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "IBD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "IBD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结核菌素试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "IBD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "钡餐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "IBD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "钡剂灌肠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "IBD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气钡双重造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
1型糖尿病起病多数较急骤，几天内可突然表现明显多饮、多尿，每天饮水量和尿量可达3～5L，易饿多食，但体重下降，称为“三多一少”。 学龄儿童亦有因夜间遗尿而就诊者。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "夜间遗尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "起病多数较急骤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多饮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "易饿多食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
食管癌@转移通常发生在食管周围淋巴结、肝脏和肺部。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "食管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "食管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "食管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食管周围淋巴结"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
【分类】 根据溶血因素存在的部位不同，可将溶血性贫血分为红细胞内和红细胞外两大类。 （2）镰状细胞贫血。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "镰状细胞贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溶血性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红细胞内"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红细胞外"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
肾细胞癌@ 其毒性与其他酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（例如舒尼替尼）相似，其中肝毒性和高血压尤其令人担忧。肾细胞癌@ * 索拉非尼也是一种对血管内皮细胞生长因子、血小板衍生的生长因子受体以及 Ras/Raf/ERK 通路具有影响的小分子多激酶抑制剂。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "索拉非尼"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@ 1. 溶血：外周血涂片上存在裂红细胞、钝锯齿状红细胞和多染色性有诊断价值；然而，在临床实践中，外周血涂片检查不是常规。 2. 肝脏氨基转移酶升高：天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (AST) 或丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)≥70 IU/L。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脏氨基转移酶升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溶血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "溶血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外周血涂片检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
多发性硬化症@### MS 变异型及相关疾病 临床孤立综合征 (CIS) 和/或单症状脱髓鞘事件： * 单相脱髓鞘综合征（可能会或不会进展为 MS）具有与 RRMS 相同的人口统计学特征。多发性硬化症@ * 2010 年 McDonald 标准更新包含，目前在 CIS 和 MRI 同时显示增强和非增强病变时，可考虑诊断为 MS。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "单相脱髓鞘综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多发性硬化症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MS 变异型及相关疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
食物中毒@金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素 – 首选 – 支持性治疗 ± 感染性疾病专科医师/微生物学专家会诊 金黄色葡萄球菌感染会引起肠毒素诱发性呕吐，此感染通常具有自限性，并且仅需要支持性治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "金黄色葡萄球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠毒素诱发性呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "金黄色葡萄球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支持性治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@这些症状包括乏力、恶心、呕吐、腹痛以及晕厥。非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@这些在女性患者、老年人和糖尿病或慢性肾病患者中更常见。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "晕厥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
急性咽喉炎@查体见口温37℃（98.6℉），咽部有渗出，未触及淋巴结肿大。急性咽喉炎@A型链球菌的快速抗原检测和咽部培养均阴性。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "急性咽喉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽部培养均阴性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性咽喉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "口温37℃（98.6℉）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性咽喉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴结肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
妊娠期高血压@## 案例 ### 案例 一名孕妇30岁，G2P1，孕22周到产科门诊进行常规产前检查。妊娠期高血压@既往体健。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "就诊科室",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "产科门诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "产前检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性淋巴细胞白血病@ ### 白细胞瘀滞 | 短期 | 低 当白细胞超过100 x 10^9/L (100 000/μL)时可发生，从而损伤循环，并且导致器官功能障碍：例如肺浸润、昏迷、癫痫和视网膜出血。急性淋巴细胞白血病@可进行白细胞去除术。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "白细胞瘀滞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白细胞去除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白细胞瘀滞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
病原学检査 微生物血培养是临床诊断脓毒症的重要手段，血培养检测的重要指征包括:发热（体温≥38℃或≤36℃;寒战；白细胞计数大于10. 0x109/L;皮肤黏膜出血、昏迷、多脏器功能衰竭; 血压降低、呼吸加快及C反应蛋白升高;血液患者出现粒细胞减少;血小板减少或同时具备上述几种特征而临床怀疑脓毒症，应采集血培养）。 3.其他检査 聚合酶链反应（PCR）可用于检测病原菌DNA,方法快速,敏感性强，但易出现假阳性。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "聚合酶链反应"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "聚合酶链反应",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "PCR"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "微生物血培养"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤黏膜出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "昏迷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸加快"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白细胞计数大于10. 0x109/L"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多脏器功能衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血压降低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "C反应蛋白升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "粒细胞减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血小板减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
小肠结肠炎是最严重的巨结肠并发症，可致全身性中毒，危及生命。临床表现以发热、胆汁样呕吐、喷射样腹泻、腹胀、脱水和休克为特点。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小肠结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小肠结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆汁样呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小肠结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喷射样腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小肠结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹胀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小肠结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脱水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小肠结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "巨结肠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小肠结肠炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "巨结肠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全身性中毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@## 病理生理学 B 族链球菌 (GBS) 是胃肠道、女性泌尿生殖道和会阴的正常共生菌。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "B 族链球菌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "GBS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
三、主动脉瓣上狭窄 在主动脉窦（乏氏窦）上缘发生的局限性或弥漫性狭窄，少见。其特征为呕吐、便秘，常有呼吸道感染，血钙特高，弱智，额突，斜视，眉嵴及下颌较突出，上唇短吊，有称此为William综合征者。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣上狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣上狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "便秘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣上狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸道感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣上狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血钙特高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣上狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "弱智"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣上狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "额突"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣上狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "斜视"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣上狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眉嵴及下颌较突出"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣上狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上唇短吊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "主动脉瓣上狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "主动脉窦（乏氏窦）上缘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
急性膀胱炎@[ 阴道炎 ](/topics/zh-cn/75) ### 间质性膀胱炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 抗生素治疗失败。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "急性膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阴道炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "急性膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "间质性膀胱炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "间质性膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
抗生素相关性腹泻:①金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎:多继发于使用大量抗生素后,病程和症状常与菌群失调的程度有关，有时继发于慢性疾病的基础上。典型大便为暗绿色，量多带黏液，少数为血便。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血便"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "抗生素相关性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 急性肾炎临床表现轻重悬殊,轻者全无临床症状,仅见镜下血尿，重者可呈急进性过程，短期内出现肾功能不全。蛋白尿患者病理上常呈严重系膜增生。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蛋白尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾功能不全"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无临床症状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
脑炎@ 类感染： * 急性播散性脑脊髓炎 (ADEM) * 急性出血性脑白质炎 * 比克斯塔夫脑炎 * 拉斯马森脑炎。脑炎@ 朊病毒病（例如克-雅氏病）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "拉斯马森脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性播散性脑脊髓炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ADEM"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "类感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "急性播散性脑脊髓炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "急性出血性脑白质炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "比克斯塔夫脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "朊病毒病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "克-雅氏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
7.黏多糖病Ⅶ型 临床表现同黏多糖病I-H型，但个体轻重程度不一，变异较大，轻者可无智能落后，本型为常染色体隐性遗传性疾病，因β-葡萄糖醛酸酶缺乏，导致4/6硫酸软骨素在体内沉积。 【实验室检查】 1.尿黏多糖测定 通常用甲苯胺蓝法做定性试验，患者尿液呈阳性反应。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "黏多糖病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿黏多糖测定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
失眠症@ 认知模型表明，思虑和担心生活压力可能会扰乱睡眠并导致失眠症急性发作，特别会导致入睡及醒后重新入睡困难。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "思虑和担心生活压力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
三度房室传导阻滞,又称完全性房室传导阻滞，小儿较少见。 前者中约50%的患儿的心脏并无形态学改变,部分患儿合并先天性心脏病或心内膜弹力纤维增生症等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "三度房室传导阻滞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "三度房室传导阻滞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心内膜弹力纤维增生症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "三度房室传导阻滞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "完全性房室传导阻滞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
HIV 感染@患有其他慢性病，例如糖尿病或心脏病，其治疗应与相应专科医生商讨决定。HIV 感染@应考虑与 ART 药物及其他所有药物之间的相互作用。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "HIV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖尿病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "HIV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
口腔黏膜炎@对于严重溃疡性黏膜炎，通常需要全身应用阿片类镇痛剂来充分控制疼痛。口腔黏膜炎@这类药物包括曲马多、羟考酮或吗啡。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "严重溃疡性黏膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "曲马多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "严重溃疡性黏膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "羟考酮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "严重溃疡性黏膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吗啡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "严重溃疡性黏膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿片类镇痛剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "口腔黏膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "羟考酮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
* 宫颈环扎术的效果尚未明确。前置胎盘@应由有经验的主任医生做出相关决定。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "宫颈环扎术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
六、先天性肺淋巴管扩张症 先天性肺淋巴管扩张症（congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis）系胚胎期肺淋巴管弥漫性囊性扩张，压迫邻近肺组织所致。体格检查可见胸部呼吸运动减弱，心率加快，心前区易听到收缩期杂音。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性肺淋巴管扩张症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部呼吸运动减弱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性肺淋巴管扩张症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心率加快"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "先天性肺淋巴管扩张症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（三）免疫抑制剂 有人把部分免疫制剂也归类为DMARDs，这里作另类介绍： 1.环胞素A（CSA） EULAR 2009年治疗推荐10指出，严重难治成人RA患者或对生物制剂及前述传统DMARD有禁忌者，可联合或单用下述药物：硫唑嘌呤、环孢素及环磷酰胺。CSA可用于全身型JIA，尤其是合并巨噬细胞活化综合征患儿。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "环胞素A",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "CSA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CSA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
临床以出血倾向为主要表现的疾病称作出血性疾病，约占血液系统疾病的30%，要对这些疾病作出正确的诊断和鉴别诊断，必须对正常的止血机制有一个全面的了解，现简述于下。 （三）凝血因子的止血功能 迄今所知人体共有凝血因子14个，其中12个为经典凝血因子，依次用罗马数字Ⅰ-表示（无因子Ⅵ）；另有2个激肽系统的因子，即激肽释放酶原（PK）和相对分子量高的激肽原（HMWK）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病机制",
"subject": "出血性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "凝血因子的止血功能"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
慢性肾病@患者应至少6~12个月进行一次全血细胞测量（FBC）的筛查，一旦Hb下降到<100g/L(<10g/dl)以及出现贫血症状时即可开始考虑使用促红细胞生成素刺激剂。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "筛查",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全血细胞测量（FBC）的筛查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "促红细胞生成素刺激剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（四）颅骨透照 、头颅B超和CT的检查 可以帮助诊断脑室炎、硬脑膜下积液、脑脓肿，以及脑积水等。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑室炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅骨透照"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑室炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头颅B超"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑室炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "硬脑膜下积液",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅骨透照"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "硬脑膜下积液",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头颅B超"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "硬脑膜下积液",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅骨透照"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头颅B超"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅骨透照"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头颅B超"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
脆性X综合征@ （三）蛋白质检测 由于FMRP在正常人几乎每种组织和细胞中均有表达，而在FX的患者中却不表达或异常表达，因此用抗FMRP单克隆抗体作免疫组化或免疫荧光技术可以检测该蛋白质的存在。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "脆性X综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蛋白质检测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
胆红素脑病常在24小时内较快进展，临床可分为4个阶段： 第一期:表现为嗜睡、反应低下、吮吸无力、拥抱反射减弱、肌张力减低等，偶有尖叫和呕吐。可有:①手足徐动：经常出现不自主、无目的和不协调的动作;②眼球运动障碍:眼球向上转动障碍,形成落日眼;③听觉障碍:耳聋,对髙频音失听;④牙釉质发育不良:牙呈绿色或深褐色。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手足徐动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼球运动障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼球向上转动障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "落日眼"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "听觉障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "耳聋"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "对髙频音失听"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "牙釉质发育不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "牙呈绿色或深褐色"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "嗜睡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "反应低下"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吮吸无力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "拥抱反射减弱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌张力减低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尖叫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆红素脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
睾丸癌@基础肾功能不全的患者出现肾衰的风险更大。睾丸癌@ ### 治疗相关的继发肿瘤 | 长期 | 低 放疗和化疗都与继发恶性肿瘤的增加相关。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "睾丸癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "治疗相关的继发肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（四）胰腺炎 为严重的少见表现。患者突起上腹疼痛和紧张感，伴发热、寒战、软弱、反复呕吐。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "突起上腹疼痛和紧张感"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "寒战"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "软弱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "反复呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
乙型肝炎@### 罕见 查看全部 ### 黄疸 约30%急性HBV感染者可出现，30岁以上者更可能出现症状性感染。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黄疸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
帕金森病@这一皮下制剂对于那些在失能状态或在早晨起床时存在吞咽困难且症状较为严重的患者通常有所帮助。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吞咽困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
一、梦 呓 梦呓是儿童时期常见的睡眠障碍，表现为睡眠时讲话或发出类似讲话的声音。其原因不明，男性较女性好发，且有家族遗传倾向。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "梦呓",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "家族遗传倾向"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "梦呓",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@在美国，急性心肌梗死患者约1/4死于该疾病，其中一半患者在症状发作1 h内死亡。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "死亡率",
"subject": "急性心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "1/4"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
心律失常@幸运的是大多数儿童心律失常单用一种药物就可控制。心律失常@当患儿患缓慢性心律失常时，可予以植入起搏器。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "心律失常",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "植入起搏器"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "缓慢性心律失常",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "植入起搏器"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@ * 这些新治疗方案正在逐步替代传统的化疗方案，例如 VAD（长春新碱、多柔比星和地塞米松）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "VAD"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "长春新碱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多柔比星"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地塞米松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（二）获得性或成人型 PAP 在儿童期较少见。 诊断依靠肺活组织检查。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "获得性或成人型 PAP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺活组织检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@环孢素的血药浓度应在其应用期间仔细监测。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环孢素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
出血倾向明显，常见皮肤瘀点、瘀斑、牙龈和鼻出血，少数有消化道出血现象；部分患儿可有腹水及氮质血症、少尿、低血钠、低尿钠等肾功能不全的表现。 根据病理组织学和病情发展，肝功能衰竭可以分为急性肝衰竭（acute hepatic failure，AHF）、亚急性肝衰竭（subacute hepatic failure，SHF）、慢加急性肝衰竭（acute-on-chronic hepatic failure，ACHF）和慢性肝衰竭（chronic hepatic failure，CHF）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肝功能衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血倾向明显"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肝功能衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹水及氮质血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肝功能衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低血钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肝功能衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "少尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肝功能衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低尿钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肝功能衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢加急性肝衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肝功能衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "亚急性肝衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肝功能衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性肝衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性肝衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "acute hepatic failure"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性肝衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "AHF"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "亚急性肝衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "subacute hepatic failure"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "亚急性肝衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "SHF"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "慢加急性肝衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "acute-on-chronic hepatic failure"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "慢加急性肝衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ACHF"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "慢性肝衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "chronic hepatic failure"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "慢性肝衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CHF"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肝功能衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性肝衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
肾细胞癌@ ### 抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征 (SIADH) | 存在差异 | 低 可作为副肿瘤综合征的一部分而出现，多达 30% 的患者会出现这一综合征。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "SIADH"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@[ 非洲锥虫病（昏睡病） ](/topics/zh-cn/9999) ### 立克次体感染 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 可有蜱叮咬史或旅行史。 疟疾感染@头痛为突出表现。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "立克次体感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非洲锥虫病（昏睡病）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "立克次体感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
脑炎@应根据临床表现和延长氨基糖苷类药物治疗时间的利弊来确定庆大霉素的总体治疗时间。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "庆大霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
3.大肠杆菌肠炎（escherichia coli enteritis） 常发生于5～8月份，病情轻重不一。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "大肠杆菌肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "escherichia coli enteritis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
垂体功能减退@### 闭经/月经过少 表明促性腺激素缺乏，发生于系列垂体激素缺乏的早期。垂体功能减退@患者也可以表现为催乳素过多多，导致垂体性腺轴的功能抑制。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "促性腺激素缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "催乳素过多多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "垂体功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "闭经/月经过少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "促性腺激素缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "闭经/月经过少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
一般情况下，在控制了体质因素和诱发因素后，儿童觉醒性异态睡眠的发生频率、强度明显减少。此外，治疗还应包括教育父母、环境干预、药物治疗和心理治疗等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "觉醒性异态睡眠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "教育父母"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "觉醒性异态睡眠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环境干预"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "觉醒性异态睡眠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心理治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "觉醒性异态睡眠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "药物治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@ ### 胆管梗阻 | 长期 | 低 总体发生率为5%-10%。 慢性胰腺炎@患者的主要症状包括黄疸和持续性或复发性疼痛。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆管梗阻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黄疸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆管梗阻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "持续性或复发性疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "胆管梗阻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5%-10%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆管梗阻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
RIPA、vWF交叉免疫电泳及vWF∶Ag多聚体分析有助于vWD分型。 （二）局部止血 体表局部出血可压迫止血或配合冷敷。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局部止血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
八、松果体区肿瘤 松果体区肿瘤占儿童中枢神经系统肿瘤的0. 4%～2%，包括生殖细胞肿瘤（40%～65%）、松果体实质细胞瘤（17%）和星形细胞瘤（15%）；其中生殖细胞肿瘤又可分为生殖细胞瘤、畸胎瘤和混合型生殖细胞肿瘤。由于肿瘤位于脑重要部位，手术死亡率高，因此除畸胎瘤要求完整切除外，其余肿瘤手术目的是部分切除肿瘤，解除脑积水并了解肿瘤性质，或仅做立体定向活检，以利放疗或化疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "松果体区肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "定向活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "死亡率",
"subject": "松果体区肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "死亡率高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "松果体区肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "定向活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "松果体区肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生殖细胞肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "松果体区肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "松果体实质细胞瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "松果体区肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "星形细胞瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "生殖细胞肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生殖细胞瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "生殖细胞肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "畸胎瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "生殖细胞肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "混合型生殖细胞肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "儿童中枢神经系统肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "松果体区肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "松果体区肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童中枢神经系统肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
法洛四联症（tetralogy of Fallot,TOF)是婴儿期后最常见的青紫型先天性心脏病,约占所有先天性 心脏病的12%。轻症患者可考虑于学龄前行一期根治手术,但临床症状明显者应在生后6个月内行根治术。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "根治术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "tetralogy of Fallot"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "TOF"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青紫型先天性心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
胆管癌@肝外肿瘤 – 附加 – 术前门静脉栓塞或胆汁引流 针对经选择患者组部分患者的治疗推荐 术前门静脉栓塞有助于降低并发症和手术相关病死率，且可考虑用于超过右半肝切除范围的肝切除术患者，如肝三叶切除术。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "术前门静脉栓塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝外"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "术前门静脉栓塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@通常情况下，心绞痛在劳累或情绪紧张诱发后持续数分钟。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "劳累"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "情绪紧张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
多发性硬化症@如果她过于劳累、压力过大或过热，该侧身体偶见麻刺感。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "该侧身体偶见麻刺感"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
帕金森病@### 痴呆 在咨询时应筛查的非运动症状；常见于疾病中晚期。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "痴呆"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@## 分类 ### 急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS） 根据心电图伴有或不伴有ST段抬高，以及心肌生物标记物如肌钙蛋白或肌酸激酶（CK）的升高，典型的急性冠状动脉综合征分为3类。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性冠状动脉综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性冠状动脉综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ACS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "急性冠状动脉综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肌酸激酶",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "CK"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "急性冠状动脉综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生物标记物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
据统计，全世界每年约有100万～200万新生儿死于新生儿肺炎。新生儿出生后一旦发现呼吸增快即开始抗生素治疗：大肠埃希菌等肠道杆菌肺炎可用氨苄西林和阿米卡星，耐药者可选用第三代头孢菌素；GBS肺炎可选用青霉素和氨苄西林治疗3天，以后用大剂量青霉素，疗程10～14天；李斯特菌肺炎可选用氨苄西林；衣原体肺炎首选红霉素；单纯疱疹病毒性肺炎可用阿昔洛韦静脉滴注。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "新生儿肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "新生儿肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头孢菌素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "新生儿肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氨苄西林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "新生儿肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "新生儿肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿昔洛韦静脉滴注"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GBS肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GBS肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氨苄西林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "衣原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "单纯疱疹病毒性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿昔洛韦静脉滴注"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肠道杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氨苄西林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肠道杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿米卡星"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
破伤风@在缺乏机械通风设施的地区，最常见的死因是窒息，由喉部痉挛、呼吸肌肉痉挛或极度疲劳导致。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "喉部痉挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "窒息"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "呼吸肌肉痉挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "窒息"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "极度疲劳导致",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "窒息"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@[ 阿米巴肝脓肿 ](/topics/zh-cn/553) ### 非洲锥虫病（昏睡病） 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 有舌蝇叮咬史 在咬伤部位硬结，肿大淋巴结。疟疾感染@可能伴有片状红斑。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "非洲锥虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "片状红斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿米巴肝脓肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非洲锥虫病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "昏睡病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "非洲锥虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咬伤部位硬结"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "非洲锥虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肿大淋巴结"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
白喉@由于中毒性心肌病和心肌炎的风险，也建议转诊心脏科。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "就诊科室",
"subject": "中毒性心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏科"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "就诊科室",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏科"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
高血压急症@ * 肾损害，例如尿量减少。高血压急症@ 若适用，应调查患者是否使用市售毒品，尤其是拟交感神经药（可卡因、苯丙胺、苯丙醇胺、苯环利定、摇头丸）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高血压急症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿量减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
第二节 急进性肾小球肾炎 急进性肾小球肾炎（rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis，RPGN）简称急进性肾炎，系急进性肾炎综合征。病情稳定后改为华法林（warfarin），初始剂量2. 5mg tid，3～5天后按凝血酶原时间调整，共用6月。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "华法林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "RPGN"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急进性肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "急进性肾炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急进性肾小球肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "华法林",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "warfarin"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
新生儿消化道出血 坏死性小肠结肠炎、应激性溃疡、先天性胃穿孔等可出现呕血或便血。 但患儿常有窒息、感染或使用激素等原发病史，一般情况较差，腹部体征明显，易与新生儿出血症 鉴别。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "新生儿出血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新生儿消化道出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "新生儿出血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "坏死性小肠结肠炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "新生儿出血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "应激性溃疡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "新生儿出血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性胃穿孔"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
喉癌@应用2个疗程的抗生素及激素治疗效果不明显。喉癌@伴有吞咽固体食物困难及吞咽疼痛，近2个月体重减轻7kg。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "喉癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素及激素治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
一般类型急性上呼吸道感染 症状 局部症状:鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、干咳、咽部不适和咽痛等,多于3 ~4天内自然痊愈。 体征:体格检査可见咽部充血、扁桃体肿大。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检査"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽部充血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "扁桃体肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "流涕"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喷嚏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "干咳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽部不适"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@血红蛋白电泳可出现S 或 C形血红蛋白。 胆囊炎@[ 镰状细胞危象 ](/topics/zh-cn/100) ### 阑尾炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 疼痛通常位于右下腹，但可开始于脐周。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "镰状细胞危象",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血红蛋白电泳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阑尾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
急性阑尾炎@## 诊断步骤 典型的病史和体格检查常常足以诊断急性阑尾炎。急性阑尾炎@ 然而，尤其是在美国，对于每个怀疑是阑尾炎的急诊腹痛患者，常规进行腹盆腔 CT 扫描，除非患者是孕妇。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹盆腔 CT 扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@质子泵抑制剂等有效改善症状的经验性治疗可以协助与慢性胰腺炎进行鉴别诊断 [ 消化性溃疡 ](/topics/zh-cn/80) ### 肠系膜缺血 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 慢性肠系膜缺血可表现为腹部柔软伴脐周痛或餐后腹痛、畏惧进食（疼痛导致）、体重下降等。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消化性溃疡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "消化性溃疡",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠系膜缺血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性肠系膜缺血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部柔软"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性肠系膜缺血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脐周痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性肠系膜缺血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "餐后腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性肠系膜缺血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "畏惧进食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性肠系膜缺血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
【病因】 各种致病菌都可引起脓毒症。革兰氏阳性球菌主要为葡萄球菌、肠球菌和链球菌;革兰氏阴性菌主要为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、假单胞菌属、变形杆菌、克雷伯菌属等;厌氧菌以脆弱类杆菌、梭状芽胞杆菌及消化道链状菌为多见。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "革兰氏阳性球菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "葡萄球菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠球菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "链球菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "革兰氏阴性菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大肠埃希菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "假单胞菌属"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "变形杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "克雷伯菌属"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "厌氧菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脆弱类杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "梭状芽胞杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消化道链状菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "致病菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
类风湿关节炎@### 临床表现 大多数患者在50多岁发病，平均年龄在50-55岁。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "50多岁发病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "平均年龄在50-55岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
乙型肝炎@目前在这些人群中推荐检测HBsAg和抗HBc全套，如果HBV血清学检测阴性，在接受化疗和免疫抑制剂治疗前需接种乙肝疫苗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "检测HBsAg和抗HBc全套"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乙肝疫苗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
白喉@### 卫生差、拥挤和贫困 白喉在卫生条件差和拥挤的情况下更常见，这有利于疾病的传播，尤其是通过呼吸道飞沫。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "卫生差、拥挤和贫困"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@[ 多脉管炎合并肉芽肿（韦格纳肉芽肿病） ](/topics/zh-cn/327) ### 非霍奇金淋巴瘤 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin's lymphoma，NHL）可表现为发热、夜间盗汗、不适感、体重减轻、咳嗽、气促、腹部不适、头痛、精神状态改变、眩晕、共济失调、胸腔积液、淋巴结病、面色苍白、紫癜、黄疸、肝肿大、脾肿大、皮肤结节和神经系统体格检查异常。 非小细胞肺癌@血涂片：存在有核红细胞、巨大型血小板。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血涂片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非霍奇金淋巴瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "NHL"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不适感"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重减轻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气促"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部不适"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "精神状态改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眩晕"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "共济失调"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸腔积液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴结病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "面色苍白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "紫癜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黄疸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脾肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤结节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "神经系统体格检查异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
（三）药物诱发溶血性贫血 服用具有氧化作用的药物如：①乙酰苯胺（acetanild）、氨基比林等退热药；②伯氨喹、扑疟喹等抗疟药；③磺胺类药物；④其他如呋喃唑酮、呋喃坦丁、萘（naphthalene）、苯肼等可引起溶血。此时可有发热、倦怠、巩膜黄染、腹或背痛。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "倦怠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "巩膜黄染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹或背痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乙酰苯胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氨基比林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "退热药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伯氨喹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "扑疟喹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗疟药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "磺胺类药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呋喃唑酮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呋喃坦丁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "萘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "药物诱发溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯肼"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
口咽癌@尽管大多数初级医疗机构医师缺乏适当的设备来行详细的头颈部检查,他们在口咽肿瘤早期筛查，向患者做口交有患癌风险的宣教，以及减轻局部晚期病变治疗后并发症方面仍起到至关重要的作用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "口咽癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "口交"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
结节型多动脉炎@ （六）其他 除高血压造成心脏损害外，冠状动脉炎可引起心肌缺血或梗死；血管炎尚可累及睾丸、附睾、膀胱或卵巢。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "结节型多动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "结节型多动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睾丸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "结节型多动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "附睾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "结节型多动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膀胱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "结节型多动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "卵巢"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "冠状动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肌缺血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "冠状动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "梗死"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@HDAC 抑制剂引起乙酰化核心核小体组蛋白积聚，诱导转化的细胞凋亡或分化。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HDAC 抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
白喉@### 吞咽困难或发声困难 可能提示疾病进展和更高的呼吸受损风险。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吞咽困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发声困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@[ 胃癌 ](/topics/zh-cn/264) ### 胃食管反流病 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 典型病史是烧心或从下胸部至喉部的疼痛。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃食管反流病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@## 患者指导 应禁止患者服用非甾体抗炎药 (NSAID) 和吸烟，如果他们已明确 _幽门螺杆菌_ 感染，即使症状消除，也应接受治疗至疗程结束。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非甾体抗炎药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸烟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "非甾体抗炎药",
"subject_type": "社会学",
"object": {
"@value": "NSAID"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@甲氟喹被认为可安全治疗妊娠中期和晚期疟疾，可以联合或不联合青蒿素衍生物给药。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲氟喹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
早产@### 预测早产的各类检查 宫颈长度 * 可通过阴道超声测量宫颈长度来评估近期分娩的可能性，若宫颈长度＜2 cm，则分娩的风险非常高 (＞60%)。早产@ 然而，对宫颈长度进行常规评估并未普及；且在有限的研究结果来看，尚未证明可以改善结局。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阴道超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "宫颈长度＜2 cm"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
细菌性脑膜炎@### 拥挤 为细菌的传播提供理想环境。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "拥挤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
一、主动脉瓣狭窄 大约85%的先天性主动脉瓣狭窄为二瓣畸形，这二个主动脉瓣一大一小，其间有一偏心的鱼嘴样开口。杂音往往为本病的首要体征，婴儿期大多在胸骨左缘中部最响，有时与室缺很难鉴别；其响度决定于左室的排出量，如因心力衰竭而减低，则杂音趋轻柔甚至消失。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "杂音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "主动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性主动脉瓣狭窄"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "主动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "二瓣畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
血吸虫病@患有急性血吸虫病的怀孕妇女应当使用皮质类固醇激素和吡喹酮治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "血吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吡喹酮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
喉癌@ ### 与顺铂相关的听力损失 | 长期 | 高 顺铂可引起永久性内耳毛细胞损伤。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "永久性内耳毛细胞损伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "顺铂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
第二节 过敏性紫癜 【概述】 过敏性紫癜（anaphylactoid purpura）也称亨-舒综合征（Henöch-Schöhlein syndrome，Henoöch-Schönlein purpura，HSP），是一种以小血管炎为主要病变的系统性血管炎，临床表现为皮肤紫癜，常伴关节炎、腹痛、便血和肾小球肾炎；多发于学龄前和学龄期儿童，男孩多于女孩，一年四季均有发病，以春秋两季居多，国内报告HSP患病率有逐年增高趋势。 （三）关节症状 出现膝、踝、肘、腕等大关节肿痛，活动受限，呈单发或多发，关节腔有积液，可在数月内消失，不留后遗症。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膝、踝、肘、腕等大关节肿痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节腔有积液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "便血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾小球肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "anaphylactoid purpura"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "亨-舒综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Henöch-Schöhlein syndrome"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Henoöch-Schönlein purpura"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HSP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤紫癜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男孩多于女孩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "春秋两季居多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "春秋"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |