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1994年美国疾病控制中心根据临床表现和免疫状态将HIV感染进行分类,根据临床表现分为:无临床表现 (N)，轻度临床表现(A)，中度临床表现(B)和严重临床表现（C)。 6个月婴儿持续2个月以上的口腔念珠菌病。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "HIV感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "口腔念珠菌病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
其结果可导致高凝状态，并可发生血栓栓塞并发症，其中以肾静脉血栓形成最为临床重视。急性者表现为骤然发作的肉眼血尿和腹痛，检查有脊肋角压痛和肾区肿块，双侧者有急性肾功能减退。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾静脉血栓",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骤然发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾静脉血栓",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肉眼血尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾静脉血栓",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾静脉血栓",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脊肋角压痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾静脉血栓",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾区肿块"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
McCune-Albright综合征 多见于女性，是由于Gs基因缺陷所致。患儿除性早熟征象外，尚伴有皮肤咖啡色素斑和骨纤维发育不良，偶见卵巢囊肿。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "McCune-Albright综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "性早熟征象"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "McCune-Albright综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤咖啡色素斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "McCune-Albright综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨纤维发育不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "McCune-Albright综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "卵巢囊肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "McCune-Albright综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Gs基因缺陷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "McCune-Albright综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "女性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@### 其他诊断因素 ### 常见 查看全部 ### 头痛 非典型表现，但常见 ### 虚弱 非典型表现，但常见 ### 肌痛 非典型表现，但常见 ### 关节痛 非典型表现，但常见 ### 厌食 非特异性症状 ### 腹泻 非特异性症状 ### 罕见 查看全部 ### 癫痫 常提示恶性疟原虫感染，恶性疟原虫感染一般会导致重度疾病。 疟疾感染@### 低血压 常提示恶性疟原虫感染，恶性疟原虫感染一般会导致重度疾病。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "虚弱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "厌食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "癫痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
细菌性脑膜炎@## 新兴疗法 ### 甘油 对 2 个月以上 16 岁以下儿童口服甘油可以防止神经系统后遗症，特别是针对 b 型 _流感嗜血杆菌_ 脑膜炎。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甘油"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "b 型 _流感嗜血杆菌_ 脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "口服甘油"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
低度肿瘤预后较好，肿瘤的性质、级别、部位及病人的年龄、切除程度不同，预后各不相同。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "低度肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "较好"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
}
] |
急性胰腺炎@发热可能表示患有复杂性胰腺炎，或者可能仅仅代表细胞因子释放（炎症过程的一部分）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
胰腺癌@ * 由于胰腺癌患者发生血栓栓塞的风险增加，静脉血栓形成或移位性血栓性静脉炎（Trousseau's征）也可以成为首发症状。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血栓栓塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "静脉血栓形成"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "移位性血栓性静脉炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
新生儿血色素沉着症是最近发现的一种遗传代谢病，它是引起先天性肝硬化的最常见原因，病程发展较快。血清铁蛋白和铁升高，而转铁蛋白降低。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿血色素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清铁蛋白和铁升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿血色素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "转铁蛋白降低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "新生儿血色素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性肝硬化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
从这些细胞上可见到肾素合成增加的所有征象。 临床上可按图12-12所示Bartter综合征诊断步骤来逐步确诊该病。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Bartter综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾素合成增加"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性肾病@直肠指检可发现前列腺肥大或结节。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "直肠指检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@如果拥有先进腹腔镜技术和经验，可行 ELC。 胆囊炎@在中重度胆囊炎患者组（无器官功能障碍，但胆囊存在广泛炎症）中存在争议：哪种因素会对胆囊切除术的安全造成困难。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆囊切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
两种特殊类型的急性上呼吸道感染 疱疹性咽峡炎（herpangina):病原体为柯萨奇病毒A组。 【治疗】 一般治疗 注意休息,居室通风,多饮水。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "注意休息"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "居室通风"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多饮水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疱疹性咽峡炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "疱疹性咽峡炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "herpangina"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "疱疹性咽峡炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "柯萨奇病毒A组"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
近年还有人从肾母细胞瘤的浸出液中作肾素的定量分析，其量较正常肾皮质所含高得多。肿瘤主要经血流转移，故向肺转移最为多见，转移后鲜有咳嗽、咯血等症状，故X线肺部检查至为重要。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肾母细胞瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "X线肺部检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
广泛性焦虑障碍@或 [ 喹硫平 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 口服50-150mg/d（缓释型） 选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRI）,如艾司西酞普兰、 帕罗西汀、 或舍曲林， 5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂 (SNRI) 例如文拉法辛 或度洛西汀， 或抗惊厥药普瑞巴林被视为首选药物。广泛性焦虑障碍@ 普瑞巴林还可作为增效剂与其他药物联合使用。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "艾司西酞普兰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "帕罗西汀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "舍曲林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "文拉法辛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "度洛西汀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗惊厥药普瑞巴林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "普瑞巴林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喹硫平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@[ 消化性溃疡 ](/topics/zh-cn/80) ### 急性胰腺炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 上腹痛或脐周痛放射到背部。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性胰腺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脐周痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
多发性硬化症@### 睡眠障碍 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 患者描述睡眠不安宁，伴打鼾、不宁腿和呼吸暂停等不同特征。多发性硬化症@记忆变化和情绪波动可能明显。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "睡眠障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "记忆变化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "睡眠障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "情绪波动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "睡眠障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伴打鼾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "睡眠障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不宁腿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "睡眠障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸暂停"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睡眠障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
念珠菌病@ 4.肝、脾念珠菌病 由于CT和MRI的应用，肝、脾念珠菌病的诊断不断增多。念珠菌病@临床表现包括在粒细胞减少症恢复期出现持续发热和腹部不适、白细胞增多和血清碱性磷酸酶增高，患者的肝、脾中可出现微小脓肿，在此期间X线也有相应表现。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肝、脾念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白细胞增多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肝、脾念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清碱性磷酸酶增高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肝、脾念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肝、脾念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
心力衰竭@ （二）地高辛 地高辛为治疗婴儿和儿童心力衰竭的最基本、最常用的洋地黄糖苷类药物，其主要作用为抑制钠钾泵ATP酶活性，减少钠离子由细胞内流出导致钠钙竞争及钠钾交换机制的运行。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地高辛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
真菌性脑膜炎@复发性化学性脑膜炎可能与表皮样囊肿或颅咽管瘤有关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "复发性化学性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "表皮样囊肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "复发性化学性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅咽管瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
肾小球肾炎@减轻不可逆的肾损伤的重要措施包括专家指导下的早期诊断、肾穿刺活检、血清学检测和适当的早期治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾穿刺活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清学检测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@在 HUS 中，微血管损伤主要影响肾脏，因而肾功能恶化比在 TTP 和 HELLP更显著，溶血也可能很突出，经常需要输血。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾功能恶化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溶血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "输血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
川崎病@ 【治疗】 （一）阿司匹林 发热时用量30～50mg/（kg•d），热退后2～3天可根据血小板数及血凝状态调整剂量，一般为5～10mg/（kg•d）再用6～8周。 川崎病@ （二）静脉注射用丙种球蛋白 （IVIG） 治疗本病疗效突出。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "静脉注射用丙种球蛋白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿司匹林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "静脉注射用丙种球蛋白",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "IVIG"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@EUS可以更好地观察胰腺实质并及时发现胰腺早期病变。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "EUS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性阑尾炎@### 病毒性胃肠炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 儿童常见，由病毒、细菌或毒素引起。急性阑尾炎@在这种情形下，相关的斑丘疹、不适当的心动过缓和白细胞减少有助于与阑尾炎进行鉴别。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "病毒性胃肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "斑丘疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性胃肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不适当的心动过缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性胃肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白细胞减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "病毒性胃肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "病毒性胃肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "病毒性胃肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "病毒性胃肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "毒素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@### 使用非甾体抗炎药 (NSAID) 溃疡的发病率在长期非甾体抗炎药 (NSAID) 使用者中约为20%，而不服用者约为5%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非甾体抗炎药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
垂体功能减退@### 青春期延迟 由于儿童时期促性腺激素缺乏引起的面部和身体无毛发、男性乳房发育以及睾丸生长障碍。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "青春期延迟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "面部和身体无毛发"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "青春期延迟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性乳房发育"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "青春期延迟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睾丸生长障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "促性腺激素缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青春期延迟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "垂体功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青春期延迟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
脑炎@ * 巨细胞病毒：更昔洛韦加膦甲酸。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "更昔洛韦加膦甲酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "更昔洛韦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
痛风@在两项 III 期试验（CLEAR 1 和 CLEAR 2）中，与单独使用别嘌呤醇相比，雷西纳德和别嘌呤醇联用小幅提高了在 6 个月时达到血清尿酸＜360 μmol/L (＜6 mg/dL) 的患者比例。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "别嘌呤醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "雷西纳德"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
急性胰腺炎@### 创伤 治疗过程、诊断操作过程或外部创伤会引起创伤性胰腺炎。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "创伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 多数房间隔缺损婴儿因无症状而被忽略，少数可有生长发育迟缓、反复上呼吸道感染甚至心衰。 3.彩色多普勒血流显像 通常左心房压高于右心房，故能显示由左心房入右心房的穿隔血流束，血流位于房隔的中部，上部或多条分流束，以此判断缺损的类型，也可以估计流量的大小，缺损的大小。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "房间隔缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "彩色多普勒血流显像"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "房间隔缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长发育迟缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "房间隔缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "反复上呼吸道感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "房间隔缺损",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心衰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
脆性X综合征@ （二）基因检测 1. DNA印迹技术（Southern blotting） 动态突变和大片段的缺失突变会造成FMR-1基因片段长度的显著改变，因此可用Southern印迹技术进行检测。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "脆性X综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "DNA印迹技术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "Southern blotting",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "DNA印迹技术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
三、影像学检查 影像学检查（超声，X线，CT，MRI等）主要是作为关节炎及其他器官损害的定位与程度评价，除极少数特征性骨关节病变外，是重要的鉴别诊断及疗效评价方法，基本上没有病因诊断价值。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "X线"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "其他器官损害",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "其他器官损害",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "X线"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "其他器官损害",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "其他器官损害",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
溶血性贫血@### 危险因素 ### 强 查看全部 ### 自身免疫性疾病 由于产生自身抗体，SLE、类风湿关节炎和硬皮病与温型自身免疫性溶血性贫血 (AIHA) 的发病率上升有关。 溶血性贫血@### 淋巴组织增生性疾病 肿瘤患者（特别是慢性淋巴细胞白血病 (CLL)、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤 (NHL) 和浆细胞异常患者）经常出现温型自身免疫性溶血性贫血 (AIHA)。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴组织增生性疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "自身免疫性疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
狂犬病@[ 破伤风 ](/topics/zh-cn/220) ### 巴尔通氏体属脑炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 与淋巴腺炎相关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "巴尔通氏体属脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
新生儿狼疮综合征@ 血液系统可出现暂时性的白细胞减少，于出生时即存在，可持续数日至数周。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿狼疮综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白细胞减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
子宫内膜癌@从未有研究显示出常规淋巴结切除术治疗子宫内膜癌的获益，而一些较新的数据则质疑，增加此手术操作并联合子宫切除术和 BSO 作为所有子宫内膜癌病例的主要手术治疗方法是否有益。 子宫内膜癌@肥胖以及伴随疾病使内膜癌患者更易发生围术期风险及并发症。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "内膜癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肥胖"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
（三）迟发型 多发生于出生后1个月。 2.吸收不良 因慢性腹泻、溃疡性结肠炎、肠切除、囊性纤维化等疾病引起的小儿肠道吸收不良，均可引起维生素K吸收障碍；胆道阻塞、胆瘘等胆道梗阻性疾病、胆汁缺乏性疾病，也可影响维生素K的吸收。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "迟发型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸收不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
3.失张力发作 表现为突然发生的肌张力减低或丧失，不能维持原来的姿势，导致突然跌倒或姿势不稳。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "失张力发作",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不能维持原来的姿势"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
（一）急性期 新发病，临床症状明显而多变，病程多不超过6个月。检查见心率过速或过缓，或心律不齐。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心率过速或过缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心律不齐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
前列腺癌@骨转移的患者，可使用这些药物预防骨相关事件。 前列腺癌@附加 – 狄诺塞麦或双磷酸盐或托瑞米芬 针对经选择患者组部分患者的治疗推荐 #### 第一选择 [ 德尼单抗 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 120mg 皮下注射，每4周一次。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "前列腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "德尼单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
硫酸镁控制子痫再次发作的效果优于地西泮、苯巴比妥和冬眠合剂等镇静药物。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硫酸镁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地西泮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯巴比妥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冬眠合剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
心肌炎@例如，这些患者不需要醛固酮拮抗剂治疗，除非再次出现心力衰竭。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "醛固酮拮抗剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
喉癌@ * 肺：喘鸣（双相、吸气相或呼气相），呼吸音减弱（提示有肺炎，特别是怀疑为吸入性肺炎时）。喉癌@观察平静呼吸的患者、说话或平躺时是否有呼吸困难。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "喉癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喘鸣"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@双磷酸盐疗法已被批准用于预防和治疗骨质疏松症、非创伤性骨折，以及使用3个月皮质类固醇并无法撤出的患者。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非创伤性骨折",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双磷酸盐疗法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨质疏松症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
慢性阻塞性肺疾病@附加 – 长期氧疗 针对经选择患者组部分患者的治疗推荐 长期氧疗的标准包括：PaO2≤7.3 kPa (55 mmHg)；或 SaO2≤88%，无论是否在 3 周内确定了两次高碳酸血症；或者如果有证据表明患者有肺动脉高压、提示充血性心力衰竭的外周水肿或者红细胞增多症（红细胞压积＞55%），PaO2 在 7.3 kPa (55 mmHg) 和 8.0 kPa (60 mmHg) 之间或 SaO2 为 88%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "长期氧疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
慢性泌尿道感染 是指病程迁延或反复发作，伴有贫血、消瘦、生长迟缓、高血压或肾功能不全者。 【实验室检查】 尿常规检査及尿细胞计数 ①尿常规检查:如清洁中段尿离心沉渣中白细胞≥5个/HP，即可怀疑为尿路感染。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "慢性泌尿道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿常规检査"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性泌尿道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病程迁延或反复发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性泌尿道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消瘦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性泌尿道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长迟缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "慢性泌尿道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "慢性泌尿道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "慢性泌尿道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾功能不全"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（一）无脑畸形 无脑畸形（anencephaly）是一种严重的NTDs，为脑的全部或大部缺如。患儿因颅骨穹隆缺如造成面部特殊外貌，其前颅窝缩短和眼眶变浅，使眼球向前突出，下颌紧贴胸骨，口半张开，耳廓很厚，前突出于头的两侧，呈非常奇特的“蛙状脸”。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "无脑畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "面部特殊外貌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "无脑畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "前颅窝缩短"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "无脑畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼眶变浅"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "无脑畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼球向前突出"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "无脑畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "下颌紧贴胸骨"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "无脑畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "口半张开"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "无脑畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "耳廓很厚"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "无脑畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "前突出于头的两侧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "无脑畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蛙状脸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "无脑畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "anencephaly"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "无脑畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
【分类】 根据溶血因素存在的部位不同，可将溶血性贫血分为红细胞内和红细胞外两大类。 （2）红细胞核苷酸代谢异常： 1）嘧啶5-核苷酸酶缺乏。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "嘧啶5-核苷酸酶缺乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红细胞内"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红细胞外"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
妊娠胆汁淤积@附加 – 抗组胺药 针对经选择患者组部分患者的治疗推荐 #### 第一选择 [苯海拉明]:每4-6小时一次，每次口服25-50mg，最大量为300mg/天 或 [安泰乐]:每6-8小时一次，每次口服25mg，最大量为100mg/天 抗组胺一定程度能起到缓解症状的作用，但因大多数患者需要其他一线或二线治疗，因此价值有限。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠胆汁淤积",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗组胺药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠胆汁淤积",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯海拉明"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠胆汁淤积",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "安泰乐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
垂体功能减退@## 诊断步骤 临床检查可为确定垂体功能减退的病因和持续时间提供重要线索。垂体功能减退@根据生化检查确认激素缺乏作出诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "垂体功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生化检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "垂体功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "临床检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第三节 Bartter综合征 Bartter综合征以低血钾性碱中毒，血肾素、醛固酮增高，但血压正常，肾小球旁器增生和肥大为特征。 （2）远端肾小管缺陷。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "Bartter综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "远端肾小管缺陷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
慢性肾病@如确属必要，应安排血液透析及时将钆剂清除。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血液透析"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
提示颅内压增高的特征包括颅缝裂开、脑回压迹加深以及蛛网膜颗粒压迹增大加深，蝶鞍扩大，鞍背及前后床突的吸收或破坏等。对于反复发作或惊厥持续状态者，可酌情给予苯巴比妥钠或苯妥英钠静脉注射。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "颅内压增高",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯巴比妥钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "颅内压增高",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯妥英钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
肝硬化@必须早期检查、控制、治疗其并发症，肝硬化患者应该考虑转诊进行肝移植评估。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "肝硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝移植"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
此外，常规在胃窦大弯或后壁距幽门5cm内取组织切片染色，快速尿素酶试验或细菌培养，或13C-尿素呼气试验检查幽门螺杆菌，如阳性则诊断为“幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎”。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "快速尿素酶试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌培养"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "13C-尿素呼气试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
麻风病@尽管沙利度胺和泼尼松龙联合治疗已获准用于治疗麻风结节性红斑和神经炎，但由于深静脉血栓风险增加，因此应避免联用。 麻风病@针对不能接受沙利度胺治疗的患者，可以增加多种药物治疗方案中氯法齐明的剂量，但需到治疗开始后 4 到 6 周才能观察到完全疗效。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "神经炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "沙利度胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "神经炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氯法齐明"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "麻风结节性红斑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "沙利度胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "麻风结节性红斑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泼尼松龙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "神经炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泼尼松龙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@### 使用违禁药物 使用拟交感神经药（可卡因，甲基苯丙胺）增加心肌耗氧量，并可能会引起缺血症状。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "使用违禁药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@### 腹腔内感染的症状 腹痛、肠蠕动减少或者恶心或呕吐。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "腹腔内感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "腹腔内感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠蠕动减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "腹腔内感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "腹腔内感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
右位 心@超声心动图可对内脏位置及心内畸形进行准确的诊断，检查内容包括：腹部内脏位置、体静脉与心脏连接、房室连接、心室解剖、心室动脉连接及主动脉、肺动脉的解剖。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "右位 心",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声心动图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
2. 7号染色体单体是儿童MDS较多见的染色体异常变化。外周血白细胞和单核细胞增多，贫血，血小板减少，常见幼稚红细胞和幼稚粒细胞，骨髓呈增生性特征。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "7号染色体单体",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "7号染色体单体",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血小板减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "7号染色体单体",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨髓呈增生性特征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@ * 内脏受累的患者：一般更具侵袭性，生存时间较短。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "内脏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
乳腺原位癌@皮肤可能会出现暂时或永久的色素沉着。 乳腺原位癌@### 年龄≤70岁女性：Van Nuys评分7～9分乳腺导管原位癌患者 查看全部 首选 – 切除+放疗 治疗方案依据USC/Van Nuys评分 中高级别乳腺导管原位癌，USC/Van Nuys评分7~9的患者如果可以保乳，应予以局部切除加放射治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "乳腺原位癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "切除"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
食物中毒@大多数患者表现为胃肠道症状，例如腹部疼痛或绞痛、恶心和呕吐，伴有和/或不伴有腹泻。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "绞痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
乳腺原位癌@来自欧洲乳腺癌专家学会的指南显示，局限性 DCIS 健康女性（≥ 70 岁）应考虑保乳手术和术后放射治疗。 乳腺原位癌@### 男性：乳腺导管原位癌 查看全部 首选 – 乳房切除术 通常通过乳房切除术治疗男性的 DCIS。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "乳腺原位癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乳房切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
痛风@X 线检查对诊断无帮助，但是可鉴别慢性痛风和其他关节疾病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "X 线"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性痛风"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
肝癌@## 新兴疗法 ### 瑞格非尼 (Regorafenib) 显示了有前景的 I/II 期结果。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肝癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "瑞格非尼 (Regorafenib)"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
白内障@## 检查 ### 首要检查 ### 查看全部 ### 散瞳后眼底检查 检查 结果 检查 应在瞳孔散大之后进行眼底镜检查。 白内障@白内障是患者视力丧失的重要原因的，眼底检查和视神经应表现正常。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "散瞳后眼底检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼底镜检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
心肌炎@然而，在病毒介导的心肌炎中，动物模型提示3种重要机制： * 感染性生物体直接侵袭心肌 * 随后迅速发生局部和系统性免疫激活 * 发生细胞免疫(CD4+)和体液免疫（B细胞克隆繁殖）激活，导致局部炎症恶化、抗心脏抗体产生和进一步肌坏死。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "外侵部位",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局部炎症恶化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细胞免疫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体液免疫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗心脏抗体产生"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌坏死"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性髓性白血病@### 罕见 查看全部 ### 发热 就诊时少见。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
溶血性贫血@### 其他诊断因素 ### 常见 查看全部 ### 疲劳 贫血的非特异性体征。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疲劳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
溶血性贫血@ * 脾切除术： * 当皮质类固醇疗法失败时考虑该疗法。溶血性贫血@ * 研究性治疗方案可能包括： * 利妥昔单抗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脾切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
骨性关节炎@### 力线不正 骨性结构力线不正是常见的，特别是在膝关节引起膝外翻和膝内翻。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "骨性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "力线不正"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "膝外翻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膝关节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "膝内翻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膝关节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
3.心力衰竭的治疗 ①给氧。洋地黄化后12小时可开始给予维持量，常用地高辛口服。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地高辛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "给氧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@ 慢性胰腺炎患者和肝硬化患者如果同时存在酗酒，那么骨折风险将进一步提高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨折"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "肝硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨折"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
基因治疗LGMD的方法很多，与dystrophin缺陷相比，本病基因治疗有潜在的优势，例如在肌聚糖病中，基因较小且较易转入载体，重组腺病毒载体（rAAV）系统由于其能在非分裂细胞中有效地、长期地表达，因此具有很大的优势。 【预后】 患者寿命不受影响。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "LGMD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "患者寿命不受影响"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@### 圆顶状结节 角化棘皮瘤表现为快速生长的圆顶状结节，中央为充满角栓的火山口状凹陷。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "圆顶状结节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "角化棘皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "快速生长的圆顶状结节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
婴儿胆汁淤积症(infantile cholestasis)是指1岁以内婴儿（包括新生儿）由各种原因引起的肝细胞和（或）毛细胆管分泌功能障碍，或胆管病变导致胆汁排泄减少或缺乏。 肝大和（或）质地异常 肝功能受损常表现肝脏增大，质韧，无明显压痛。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴儿胆汁淤积症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脏增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "婴儿胆汁淤积症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "infantile cholestasis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@ 控制不佳或暴露于已知的化学物质可能增加哮喘急性发作的可能， 长效β2受体激动剂作为单药治疗儿童慢性哮喘与哮喘急性发作频率的增加相关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "控制不佳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "暴露于已知的化学物质"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
免疫抑制剂对部分自身免疫性溶血性贫血有效，但应在肾上腺皮质激素使用无效时试用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾上腺皮质激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
表11-11 JCML与成人型CML的鉴别 【治疗与疗效】 化疗疗效有限，可单独用6-巯基鸟嘌呤或与阿糖胞苷联合应用。成人型CML的药物治疗也可用于JCML治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "JCML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "6-巯基鸟嘌呤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "JCML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
痛风@[ 假痛风（焦磷酸钙沉着病） ](/topics/zh-cn/370) ### 脓毒性关节炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 表现可能与痛风相同。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "假痛风"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "焦磷酸钙沉着病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脓毒性关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@## 检查 ### 首要检查 ### 查看全部 ### 血糖 检查 结果 检查 总患病率为47%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血糖"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "47%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
关于脑膜膨出或脑脑膜膨出的诊断，根据囊性包块的部位、大小和外观，透光试验阳性，加上相应的病史及临床表现，一般作出正确诊断并不难。头颅CT平扫可显示颅骨缺损及由此向外膨出具有脑脊液同样密度的囊性肿物，如合并脑脑膜膨出则可见囊内有脑组织密度影。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑膜膨出",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头颅CT平扫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑脑膜膨出",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头颅CT平扫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性咽喉炎@### 定义 急性咽炎表现为迅速发作的咽喉痛和咽部炎症（有或没有分泌物）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽喉痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
白内障@[ 视网膜脱离 ](/topics/zh-cn/651) ### 视神经炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 单眼视力下降或视野中有暗点、眼球运动时疼痛或者色觉减退。 白内障@视力下降，色觉检查异常。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "视神经炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "视力下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "视神经炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "色觉检查异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "视网膜脱离"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "视神经炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "视神经炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单眼视力下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "视神经炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "视野中有暗点"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "视神经炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼球运动时疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "视神经炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "色觉减退"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@在病程较晚期，应将重点转移至识别并发症，例如感染、吞咽困难并发症、跌倒风险及不活动的并发症。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吞咽困难并发症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "跌倒风险"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@两个常用的评分量表为 Karnofsky 量表和 Zubrod 量表。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "评分量表"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Karnofsky 量表"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Zubrod 量表"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
妊娠胆汁淤积@苯巴比妥能诱导肝微粒体酶合成，改善胆汁流量。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠胆汁淤积",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯巴比妥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 已批准在美国使用 TNF-α 抑制剂阿达木单抗和戈利木单抗用于治疗对免疫抑制剂（例如皮质类固醇、硫唑嘌呤或巯嘌呤）反应不足的中至重度活动性溃疡性结肠炎成人患者，以诱导和维持的临床缓解。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿达木单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "戈利木单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@儿童铅中毒导致的 CNS 损害常引起认知障碍，这会导致学习困难和发育迟缓。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "认知障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CNS 损害"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "CNS 损害",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "认知障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "认知障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "学习困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "认知障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发育迟缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "认知障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发育迟缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
大动脉炎@上肢缺血引起肢体无力和麻木。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肢体无力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大动脉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "麻木"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
二、出血性疾病的诊断 出血性疾病的诊断需要依靠病史、临床表现和实验室资料的全面综合分析，方能得出正确结论，有些特殊的检验需要专门的实验室才能进行。 2.发病年龄与性别 遗传性出血性疾病发病年龄偏小，获得性者发病年龄多偏大，但维生素K缺乏症、原发性血小板减少性紫癜的发病年龄可小至数月至数天。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "出血性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维生素K缺乏症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
食管癌@结果 正常或减退 ### 心脏负荷试验 检查 结果 检查 有助于明确术前潜在的心功能异常。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "食管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏负荷试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
胰腺癌@## 并发症 ### 查看全部 并发症 table 并发症 | 时间表 | 可能性 ---|---|--- ### 手术并发症：胰漏和胰瘘 | 短期 | 中 大样本研究中心中胰十二指肠切除术的死亡率低于5%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰漏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰瘘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
高血压急症@ 应评估心肺状态，尤其检查有无新杂音、附加心音、颈静脉扩张、啰音、下肢水肿。高血压急症@ ### 实验室评估 治疗前采集基线血样及尿样。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "高血压急症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肺状态"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
缺血性卒中@### 心脏疾病共病 现已报道多种其他心脏疾病是心源性栓塞的潜在病因，且有不同程度的证据，这些疾病包括心梗伴局部室壁运动异常或左室射血分数降低、心脏瓣膜病、卵圆孔未闭伴或不伴房间隔动脉瘤、二尖瓣脱垂、人工心脏瓣膜和心肌病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏疾病共病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
六、恶性血管内皮瘤 恶性血管内皮瘤（malignant mesothelioma）又称血管肉瘤，小儿少见。免疫组织化学染色有助于其鉴别诊断，如：Ⅷ因子相关抗原由内皮细胞合成及其来源肿瘤的特异标记物。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫组织化学染色"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "malignant mesothelioma"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管肉瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小儿少见"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@[ 胆绞痛 ](/topics/zh-cn/78) ### 胆囊炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 与胆绞痛类似，胆囊炎的疼痛定位于右上腹，常常伴有恶心和呕吐。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "右上腹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆囊炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
脓毒症应与伤寒、粟粒性肺结核、恶性组织细胞病、结缔组织病，如幼年特发性关节炎（全身型）等相鉴别。 【治疗】 1.一般治疗 患儿宜卧床休息，加强护理,供给营养丰富的食品及足够液体，注意电解质平衡及维生素补充，防止压疮等发生。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "卧床休息"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "加强护理"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "防止压疮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伤寒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "粟粒性肺结核"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶性组织细胞病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结缔组织病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "幼年特发性关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |