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Melting in
the shallow mantle is well documented. It is caused by the adiabatic ascent of
a material or by the addition of “flux” such as water and/or carbon dioxide
that reduces the solidus. Melt density and melt morphology (i.e., the dihedral
angle) are well known. Consequently, it is possible to interpret some
geophysical observations in terms of the presence of melt: in most cases,
geophysical anomalies are difficult to attribute to the presence of melt unless
the melt geometry is unusual (e.g., zero dihedral angle).
Melting can
also occur in the deep mantle particularly across the mantle transition zone
and in the D” layer. Recent experimental studies show that melting is
ubiquitous in the deep mantle (deep upper mantle and the lower mantle), but the
geochemical and geophysical consequence of melting in the deep mantle is
largely unknown. In most cases, melting in the deep mantle is “flux melting”
assisted by the volatiles. I will summarize the current status of studies on
melting in the deep mantle with the focus on the conditions for melting,
chemical composition of the melt and the melt density with the focus on the
role of water. Water-induced melting in the lower mantle is extensive and in
almost all areas in the lower mantle melting is difficult to avoid unless other
materials that dissolve volatiles exists (e.g., metallic Fe). The composition
of the melt produced in the lower mantle is (Mg,Fe)O-rich as opposed to the
melt produced in the shallow mantle (SiO2-rich). Consequently, the
deep mantle melting will affect the chemical evolution of Earth quite
differently than the shallow mantle melting. However, two key parameters,
namely the density and the dihedral angle, are poorly constrained. A review of
current status and a discussion on the future directions will be provided.
The video for this talk should appear here if JavaScript is enabled.If it doesn't, something may have gone wrong with our embedded player.We'll get it fixed as soon as possible. | [
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APNewsBreak: Girl says she knows she'll die without chemo
Cassandra C.
Published
4:45 pm EST, Thursday, January 8, 2015
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This summer 2014 photo provided by Cassandra C., shows Cassandra, a teen who does not give her last name, who is confined in a room at Connecticut Children's Medical Center in Hartford, Conn., where she is being forced to undergo chemotherapy. The Connecticut Supreme Court ruled Thursday, Jan. 8, 2015, that state officials are not violating the rights of the 17-year-old by forcing her to undergo cancer chemotherapy she does not want. (AP Photo/Cassandra C.) | [
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(Albany, GA) -- Veronica Reese enjoys coming to work each morning and greeting her children.
"I enjoy spending time with my children. I spend more time with them than they do with their parents," Reese, the Sherwood Acres Elementary teacher of the year, said. "I think all of my students are happy to come to school, and I know I am happy to see them."
Reese, an educator with 13 years of experience, has spent the last five years as a kindergarten teacher at Sherwood. She is one of eight nominees for the Dougherty County School System's 2012 teacher of the year, who will be named at a banquet at 5:30 p.m. Tuesday at Live Oak Elementary School.
"As a teacher, I have the opportunity to influence students in a positive way, helping them experience education in a positive way." Reese said. "If I influence one child, I influence the entire community."
She said her selection as the school's teacher of the year was a surprise.
"This feels great. It is quite an honor because we have so many great teachers here," Reese said. "It was a real surprise. Any teacher here could have been selected.
Reese holds a B.S. in early childhood education from Paine College and an M.Ed in curriculum instruction from Leslie University. She also holds a Ed.S in administrative supervision from Lincoln Memorial University.
Story Courtesy of The Albany Herald
For more information on Paine College, please visit: http://www.paine.edu/
Or contact the Office of Communications & Marketing at (706) 396-7591, (706) 821-8322 or Ncarter@paine.edu | [
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] | [
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] |
Six classic design guides that are as essential as they are timeless
Hailed as the “Dean of American Decorating,” Baltimore-born Baldwin (1903–83) set the standard for Yankee chic in the 1960s, popularizing everything from high-gloss chocolate-brown walls to Matisse-bright chintzes to the enduring slipper chair that bears his name. He also produced one of the 20th century’s finest decorating manuals, a big, colorful, intelligent work that reads like an intimate conversation over a glass or two of wine. The pages percolate with timeless tips and sweeping if inarguable pronouncements: “Every rug should have a border of some sort,” for example. It’s impossible not to be swept up in Baldwin’s personal enthusiasms, whether for laminate surfaces or printed cottons.
1 of 7
Decoration for the Small Home by Derek PatmoreThe Falcon Press, 1948
Patmore was one of a handful of young interior decorators shaping British rooms in the middle of the 20th century, though some of his style training came from a stint at B. Altman & Co., the New York City department store. Among his slender how-to publications was this charming exploration of how to live well in restricted square footage and on a tight budget. Patmore (1908–72) was especially sensitive to the latter condition, since England was laboring under the effects of postwar rationing at the time of the book’s publication, though he brightly notes, “present-day austerity does not compel us to abandon all attempts at preserving good taste and design in our homes.” Among his recommendations are circular dining tables, which do not take up as much space as their square and rectangular brethren, and painting all connecting halls the same color to establish unity and a sense of spaciousness.
1 of 7
Colour and Interior Decoration by Basil IonidesCountry Life Ltd., 1926
No other interior designer, to my knowledge, has ever suggested not making any decorating decision while tired. Ionides did, and it is just one of the admonitions that makes this book a keeper. Of Greek descent and British fortune, Ionides (1884–1950) is known today, if at all, for the 1929 interiors of London’s shimmering Savoy Theatre. He also conjured enormously subtle domestic color schemes that take into account a multitude of unexpected variables, including the tinted light that one color reflects onto its neighbors. Nine of the book’s 15 chapters are devoted to the character and use of individual hues, beginning with brown (he endearingly describes mahogany as a “hot brown”) and ending with red (“most difficult to use without gloom”). My favorite illustration is a W.E.B. Ranken watercolor of a dark-blue paneled dining room at Ionides’s country house, where the dead-white ceiling never looked as harsh as it sounded, Ionides wrote, “because inside the dove-grey damask curtains hang taffeta sun curtains of bright pink, which colour is reflected on to the ceiling and the high lights of the panel moldings.” The chapters also offer detailed color combinations confected for a variety of architectural details, situations (town or country), and exposures.
1 of 7
The House in Good Tasteby Elsie de WolfeRizzoli, 2004
De Wolfe’s decorating manual, first published in 1914, is an engagingly effervescent, populist recycling of many lessons set forth in Wharton and Codman’s stuffier Decoration of Houses. A best-dressed actress who became the Chintz Lady of interior decoration, de Wolfe (1865–1950) casts her gimlet eye from one end of the house to the other, addressing in flirtatious but sensible prose—her ghostwriter was future grande dame decorator Ruby Ross Wood—the benefits of daybeds, broad window sills, and painted furniture, as well as her preference for sturdy reproductions over “feeble originals.” Especially encouraging is one typically optimistic observation: “There never was a house so bad that it couldn’t be made over into something worthwhile.”
An Indiana-born tastemaker who left his stamp everywhere from the White House to the American Academy in Rome, Hampton (1940–98) knew almost everything there was to know about the history of interior design. That knowledge, coupled with his personal popularity, led him to produce monthly columns for House & Garden for a few years. Those easygoing but information-packed essays (subjects include the color green, small rooms, porches, and table settings) are compiled into one beautifully designed, perfectly sized volume, which is illustrated with Hampton’s own captivating watercolors of rooms he decorated, visited, and admired. The book has a permanent place on my bedside table—along with a stack of the latest Nordic murder mysteries.
1 of 7
Living with Design by David HicksLittlehampton Book Services Ltd., 1979
Hicks dominated the international decorating world in the 1960s and ’70s, as much for his matinee-idol good looks and choleric temper as for his unequivocal interiors. (He was also married to a cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, which certainly kept his profile high.) Colors were usually bright, contrasts were typically bold, and patterns were crisp, geometric, and often thrillingly brash. Many of Hicks’s best interiors show up in this book, the sixth in a series of brusquely opinionated style guides that offer his singularly assertive takes on lighting, front doors, flower arrangements, even containers of pencils. (They should always be the same color, he decreed, and always sharpened.) “I do not believe that my ideas have become out of date,” Hicks confidently writes, and frankly, given the evidence these many years later, it’s hard to disagree. | [
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] |
SEA SHADOW - BOW OF SEA SHADOW INSIDE HMB-1
Image Size:
Sea Shadow inside HMB-1 from the access deck forward. Note HMB-1's retractable spanning roof overhead. This was used during project Azorian to allow access by Glomar Explorer to load the claw (Clementine), and to remove the claw with the submarine contents while submerged under Glomar Explorer. When not under Glomar Explorer the roof hid HMB-1's contents from Soviet aircraft and satellites.
The large green mobile crane, also from Project Azorian is visible overhead. Both the retractable roof and the crane continued to be used to hide, build and maintain HMB-1's payload during the Sea Shadow era.
The deck was added during the Sea Shadow period, aft you can see a platform that contained landing lights, part of a range used by the crew of Sea Shadow to line up their entrance to HMB-1 On the wing wall you can see ladders that lead up to the top of the wing wall and to the helicopter platform. The deck also leads aft where the brow (walkway) that leads into Sea Shadow.
The construction was complicated by a tight timeline and the need for secrecy. Four manufactures made the many modules so no one of them had the complete picture of what they were building.
The timing of operations that required opening the roof was always carefully planned to avoid overflight of Soviet satellites. | [
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] |
And don’t miss these other events before, during, and after the conference …
Wednesday, February 26
I’ll be one of the readers at the fabulous AWP Festival of Language at the Rock Bottom Brewery (1333 5th Avenue, just a couple blocks from the conference center), along with dozens of other authors. I’ll be reading sometime between 5 and 6:30 p.m., and the literary festivities will go on until 10 p.m.
Thursday, February 27
Julian Hoffman, contributor to Among Animals and author of The Small Heart of Things: Being at Home in a Beckoning World, winner of the 2012 AWP Award Series for creative nonfiction, will be signing books from 11 a.m. to 12 noon. (ACP booth #1207)
Jean Ryan, author of the “captivating” (Publishers Weekly) short story collection Survival Skills and contributor to Among Animals, will be signing books at the booth from 1 to 2 p.m. (ACP booth #1207)
And at 4:30 p.m., I’ll be leading a panel on Book Marketing — From Finding Your Muse to Finding Your Readers: Book promotion in the twenty-first century, with Kelli Russell Agodon, Wendy Call, Janna Cawrse Esarey, and Susan Rich. Panelists from a variety of genres—poetry, fiction, narrative nonfiction, and memoir—will discuss the unique challenges and opportunities of transitioning from writer to published book author. Through specific experiences and using real-world examples, panelists will offer tips for finding one’s natural niche and audience, and how to reach out to readers authentically and generously. Topics include book promotion through conferences, book clubs, social media, awards, blogs, events, and salons. (Room 608, Washington State Convention Center, Level 6)
Saturday, March 1
On Saturday, the Bookfair will be free and open to the public!
At 12 noon, join John Yunker for a panel on The Greening of Literature: Eco-Fiction and Poetry to Enlighten and Inspire, with authors JoeAnn Hart, Mindy Mejia, Ann Pancake, and Gretchen Primack. From mountaintop removal to ocean plastic to endangered species, ecological issues are increasingly on writers’ minds. Authors on this panel discuss how their ecologically themed fiction and poetry engages readers in powerful ways that nonfiction can’t. Panelists discuss writing in these emerging sub-genres as well as their readers’ responses and offer tips for writing about the environment in ways that are galvanizing and instructive without sacrificing creativity to polemics. (Aspen Room, Sheraton Seattle, 2nd Floor)
Sunday, March 2
I’m thrilled to be doing a post-conference reading with the amazing Gretchen Primack on Sunday, March 2, at 2 p.m. at the Central Library in downtown Portland. We’ll be reading eco-fiction (me) and eco-poetry (Gretchen), and we look forward to a lively discussion afterward about the environment and animal protection in the context of fiction and poetry. This event is free, and all are welcome; click here for complete details. | [
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Virginia Tech officials have confirmed that two people, a Virginia Tech police officer and an unidentified person, are dead from the shooting that began Thursday afternoon.
Dana Cruikshank, communications manager for the College of Architecture and Urban Studies at Virginia Tech, said the incident happened shortly after noon today. The suspect was stopped during a routine traffic stop at the Coliseum parking lot near McComas Hall and the police officer was shot at the scene.
Witnesses have since reported seeing a white male in sweats and carrying backpack. They said he fled on foot.
The school plans to brief the media at 4:30 p.m.
Numerous reports have been made recently of sounds identified as gunshots and suspicious activity on campus. These recent reports have been investigated and are unfounded, an update on the school Web site read. The suspect's status remains unknown. Several law enforcement agencies are on scene to assist. Please stay where you are and secure your surroundings.
The school has also stated that exams for Friday been postponed. Students will know more as soon as information is available, the site stated. | [
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Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee on Wednesday attempted to make the case against President Trump at the House's first impeachment hearing. They did this by calling a group of professors and constitutional legal experts to testify, and while those expert witnesses had some indelible moments, and overall built a credible case that the president's behavior was impeachable, the Democrats continued their penchant for providing their adversaries nearly limitless runway for insane theatrics and partisan ugliness that overshadows their message. This might have been the greatest day for America's beleaguered professoriate in decades, but the hearing itself likely did little change the overall dynamics of impeachment.
At the heart of the Democrats' struggles may be a misunderstanding of what they are trying to achieve. These proceedings aren't a trial — instead, they should be looked upon as an attempt to convince a grand jury to indict the president. As New York Judge Sol Wachtler noted in 1985 in a quote popularized on the CBS drama The Good Wife: "If a district attorney wanted, a grand jury would indict a ham sandwich." And that's all the House can do: Indict, and send it to the Senate, mustard and all.
Senior members of the GOP operation to save the president know this. And so they arrived at the hearing with their standard assortment of childish placards and feigned outrage, with the task of appearing weary and put-upon now assigned to a mostly new group of would-be sycophantic inner-circlers, beginning with ranking member Rep. Douglas Collins (R-Ga.). Following his obstreperous lead, Republicans spent the early part of the hearing forcing voice votes on idiotic motions, like an attempt to make Rep. Adam Schiff (D-Calif.) of the Intelligence Committee testify. Mind-blowingly, House Judiciary Committee Chair Jerrold Nadler (D-N.Y.) repeatedly allowed Republicans to successfully grind the proceedings to a halt so that each committee member's vote could be recorded, an incredibly tedious exercise, the sole purpose of which was to slow-roll the expert testimony and convince bored Americans to turn off their televisions.
Nadler and the Democrats also abided by rules allowing the minority party to call one witness for every three by the majority. What party elites hope to gain by this pointless adherence to rules and norms is not obvious, but it clearly did nothing to convince Republicans of the legitimacy of the proceedings. They continued to rail against the process, this time kvetching that the Judiciary Committee should have been the site of testimony and evidence. But remember: The House sets its own rules, and Democrats should have simply shut Republicans out of these hearings altogether, allowing them only token participation and zero power to call witnesses. Leading Democrats have still not internalized the new rules of D.C.: Republicans will never reciprocate concessions, will never acknowledge attempts at fairness, and will instead relentlessly attack you in bad faith no matter what you do. There is no middle ground.
In any case, the witnesses hostile to the president were quite effective, none more so than Professor Pamela Karlan, who served in the Obama Justice Department. Departing from all of the other witnesses, Karlan went after the bad faith of Collins and the Republicans directly, and made a convincing case that the president's conduct merits impeachment. Professors Noah Feldman and Michael Gerhardt (who argued in favor of Bill Clinton's impeachment 21 years ago) gave similarly compelling testimony that touched on the intent of the founders when they designed the process, and helpfully outlined what the Constitution's architects meant when they talked about high crimes and misdemeanors. Among the more notable tidbits was Feldman's reminder that the phrase "high crimes and misdemeanors" means "high crimes and high misdemeanors" and that the adjective "high" simply means "connected to the office of the president."
Feldman argued forcefully that the president had abused the powers of his office. "The essential definition of high crimes and misdemeanors is the abuse of office. The framers considered the office of the presidency to be a public trust." Trump, Feldman noted, had betrayed that trust. He also made a point of noting, under hostile questioning, that he had been "an impeachment skeptic" prior to the revelations about Trump's July 25th phone call with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. He and Karlan were particularly adamant that the framers of the Constitution had been especially worried about foreign interference in U.S. elections.
Karlan addressed head-on the idea that voters should simply decide the issue in November 2020, saying: "The framers of our Constitution realized that elections alone could not guarantee that the United States would remain a republic. One of the key reasons for including an impeachment power was the risk that unscrupulous officials might try to rig the election process." Gerhardt noted that the combination of impeachable offenses and "obstruction of Congress" was " worse than the misconduct of any prior president, including what previous presidents who faced impeachment have done or been accused of doing." All three withstood withering cross-examination from Republicans with minimal damage.
But Republicans were clever to have head-faked Nadler into inviting Jonathan Turley, a George Washington University professor and professional gadfly, who had argued forcefully in favor of Clinton's impeachment in 1998 but who now believes that the attempt to impeach Trump has gotten way out over its skies. "If the House proceeds solely on the Ukrainian allegations, this impeachment would stand out among modern impeachments as the shortest proceeding, with the thinnest evidentiary record, and the narrowest grounds ever used to impeach a president," Turley argued. It was interesting, though, that GOP elites could not find a single law professor in America who could argue that the president did nothing wrong. Turley noted that the president's July 25th call with Zelensky was "far from perfect."
Even though he was the GOP's star witness, Turley also inadvertently reinforced the case for Democrats to wait for court proceedings around congressional subpoena power to play out. He argued that Democrats should wait for the courts to determine the legality of the White House's stonewalling. And he seemed convinced that the testimony of first-hand witnesses, including Energy Secretary Rick Perry and the president's personal lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, was necessary to establish the facts of the case. It was an unintentional reminder to Democrats not to wrap up these impeachment hearings before Christmas like some kind of holiday pop-up shop, but rather to hold them open indefinitely, both to make sure that new evidence and testimony can make it into the record, but also to prevent Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) from bending the trial to his malevolent will.
Even though absurd people like Rep. Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.) made a show of asking the witnesses if they had firsthand knowledge of the Ukraine events (obviously, they didn't), Republicans were mostly forced to grapple with actual constitutional questions, often at length and in ways that not even the more clownish among them could totally avoid. And though they didn't entirely steer clear of conspiracies about former Vice President Joe Biden and the 2016 election, the hearing was unique so far in the extent to which even Republican interrogators were forced to confront the merits of Trump's removal without resorting to misdirection.
What that adds up to is anyone's guess. But the more Americans becomes convinced that Trump did something improper, the more it could hurt him next November, even if he is not removed from office by impeachment. Ham sandwiches, after all, don't age well.
Want more essential commentary and analysis like this delivered straight to your inbox? Sign up for The Week's "Today's best articles" newsletter here. | [
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] |
Q:
The conversion of a varchar data type to a datetime data type resulted in an out-of-range value in c#
I am getting below message in my event log.
The conversion of a varchar data type to a datetime data type resulted in an out-of-range value
Please help my website is live using so many users and below is my button click code. may be the error is coming by this field TypeOfExpense.
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (txt_FromDate.Text != "" && txt_ToDate.Text != "")
{
DateTime Fromdate = DateTime.ParseExact(txt_FromDate.Text, "yyyy-MM-dd", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
DateTime Todate = DateTime.ParseExact(txt_ToDate.Text, "yyyy-MM-dd", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
Todate = Todate.Date.AddHours(23).AddMinutes(59).AddSeconds(59);
ViewState["Fromdate"] = Fromdate;
ViewState["Todate"] = Todate;
GridView1.Visible = true;
SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(strConn);
cn.Open();
string Query = ("select UserName,ProjectName,ClaimID,Type,DateOfExpense,TypeOfExpense,Amount,Narration,Bill from tbl_DetailedExpenceClaimsInfo where DateOfExpense between '" + Fromdate + "' and '" + Todate + "' and ClaimID in(select ClaimID from tbl_DetailedExpenceClaimsSummaryInfo where status!='Incomplete' ) order by DateOfExpense");
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(Query, cn);
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
da.Fill(ds);
if (ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0)
{
GridView1.DataSource = ds;
GridView1.DataBind();
// Button1.Visible = true;
lbl_ErrorMsg.Visible = false;
Button2.Visible = true;
}
else
{
Button2.Visible = false;
GridView1.Visible = false;
lbl_ErrorMsg.Visible = true;
lbl_ErrorMsg.Text = "There are no Claim with given Dates !";
}
cn.Close();
}
else
{
lbl_ErrorMsg.Visible = true;
lbl_ErrorMsg.Text = " Please select the dates!";
}
}
Thank you in advance for your support, thank you very much
A:
You should use parameters to avoid this kind of errors as well as SQL injection attacks:
const string Query = "select UserName,ProjectName,ClaimID,Type,DateOfExpense,TypeOfExpense,Amount,Narration,Bill from tbl_DetailedExpenceClaimsInfo where DateOfExpense between @FromDate and @ToDate and ClaimID in(select ClaimID from tbl_DetailedExpenceClaimsSummaryInfo where status!='Incomplete' ) order by DateOfExpense";
...
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(Query, cn);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("FromDate", Fromdate);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("ToDate", Todate);
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
...
| [
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Meteorologists, Visitors Keeping Close Eye on Hurricane Willa
PUERTO VALLARTA -- Meteorologists at the University of California, Davis worry Hurricane Willa could be a devastating storm, and a local woman vacationing in Puerto Vallarta is just hoping for the best.
"It's a very touristy area," Alex Mazerolle told FOX40 over Skype. "There's a lot of resorts in this area."
Mazerolle, originally from Marysville, and her friends picked an unfortunate time to vacation in Puerto Vallarta. Hurricane Willa strengthened overnight to a Category 5 storm, before downgrading to Category 4 late Monday afternoon.
"It was raining a little bit earlier but it’s pretty wet outside, but everything is pretty calm, even the water looks pretty calm. But definitely at the resort you can tell some of the staff are on edge a little bit," Mazerolle said.
“It’s going to be windy, that’s for sure. I can’t imagine there’s going to be a whole lot of storm surge, not like we saw with Michael, for instance," Paul Ullrich, associate professor of regional climate modeling at UC Davis, told FOX40.
Ullrich says it's unusual how fast Willa grew.
"This is a phenomenon associated with hurricanes known as rapid intensification and it’s not particularly well understood," he said.
Local Red Cross volunteers say they’re ready to help in the recovery efforts but, so far, the Mexican government has not asked for assistance.
“You know if they have the manpower and the financial resources to get the job done, then, no, we will not receive that request," Gold Country Red Cross spokesman Stephen Walsh said.
Meanwhile, Mazerolle says her airline has sent out warnings that her flight on Thursday could be canceled.
Ullrich says hurricanes are common in the Pacific but not typically this far north because the water is much cooler. Willa is one of the northernmost Pacific hurricanes on record, but Ullrich believes they could be more common if as climate change persists. | [
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/*
* Copyright (c) 2005 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
* files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
* restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
* modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
* of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
/* $Id$ */
#define _NIMLIB_
#include<khuidefs.h>
extern void alert_init(void);
extern void alert_exit(void);
extern void ps_init(void);
extern void ps_exit(void);
void
uilib_process_attach(void) {
alert_init();
ps_init();
}
void
uilib_process_detach(void) {
ps_exit();
alert_exit();
}
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] |
Saturday, October 24, 2009
A simple Card for Sympathy
I have been meaning to give this card to a friend at work who's father passed away from cancer. Will hopefully get to it to her on Monday. I just kept it really simple, probably the most simple card I have ever made. I wasn't going to post it on my blog. But there is something about it that I wanted to share. Maybe just to remember how we should appreciate each day, our health and our family???
Kylie, this is really beautiful. Just last night I used the same set to make a sympathy card (great minds, hey?!). Mine's not so simple and elegant (hubby says it's "unbalanced"), but I'll post it on my blog anyway ... when I find the time!
I'm getting this set soon. There is something about the tree that is calming. You are a good girl for giving out cards like that, I always have the thought but then leave it too long. xoxo p.s mum loves it too
Copyright and Disclaimer Notice
All images are Copyright Stampin’ Up! 1990 to 2017, unless otherwise stated. All content is the sole responsibility of Kylie Bertucci Independent Stampin’ Up! Demonstrator & the use of & content of the classes, services & products offered on this website are not endorsed by Stampin’ Up! | [
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Fair, Balanced, and to the Point
About this web log
This blog is intended as an objective and dispassionate source of information on the latest CAM research. Since my background is in pharmacy and allopathic medicine, I view all CAM as advancing through the development pipeline to eventually become integrated into mainstream medical practice. Some will succeed while others fail. But all are treated fairly here.
About the author
John Russo, Jr., PharmD, is president of The MedCom Resource, Inc. Previously, he was senior vice president of medical communications at www.Vicus.com, a complementary and alternative medicine website.
Common sense considerations
The material on this weblog is for informational purposes. It is not medical advice or counsel. Be smart, consult your health professional before using CAM.
Support this site
If you found the information here helpful, please consider supporting this site.If you found the information here helpful, please consider supporting this site.
Recent Comments
Archive for the 'Coenzyme Q10' Category
During the annual meeting of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, in Lisbon, Portugal, researchers at Copenhagen University Hospital, in Denmark, reported for the first time that the dietary supplement coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) cut in half the death rate of patients suffering from advanced heart failure. (more…)
CoQ10 and its activated form, ubiquinol, are popular supplements for treating or preventing a range of conditions including congestive heart failure, migraine headache, high blood pressure, and Parkinson’s disease — although none of the evidence is conclusive.
Their action on HMG-CoA lowers LDL cholesterol. But it also lowers coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) production in muscles where it’s needed to maintain muscle respiration and function.
Ms. Jessica Pomaikai Asherin at Pacific University, in Hillsboro, Oregon, reviewed the evidence for supplementing statin therapy with CoQ10 in order to lower the risk of stain-induced muscle pain and tenderness (myopathy). (more…)
Dr. Petra Kaufmann (not in the photo) at Columbia University Medical Center, in New York reports that high-dose coenzyme Q10 (coQ10) is not promising enough to warrant further study as a treatment for ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig’s disease). (more…)
Myalgia (muscle pain or tenderness) is the most common side effect of taking statins to treat high cholesterol blood levels. It’s also the biggest reason to lower the dose or stop treatment with these important drugs.
There’s some support that the muscle-related side effects of statins could be due to a statin-induced deficiency in coenzyme Q10.
Anael L’Esperance-Nascimento (photo) is the little boy from Quebec whose parents refused a second round of chemotherapy for his brain and spinal cord tumors. Instead, Anael will be treated at the Hippocrates Health Institute in Florida.
The intent of this post is to review wheatgrass, “an integral part” of the Hippocrates treatment. (more…)
In 2002, the Parkinson Study Group reported that CoQ10 (coenzyme Q 10) slowed deterioration in patients with early Parkinson’s disease even though it failed to postpone the start of levodopa (Dopar) treatment.
Now, a study in patients with midstage Parkinson’s disease without changes on muscle function and control reports disappointing results. (more…)
Search
Worthy Quotes
Complementary and alternative medicine is “diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention, which complements mainstream medicine by contributing to a common whole, by satisfying a demand not met by orthodoxy or by diversifying the conceptual frameworks of medicine. Edzard Ernst, MD | [
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As the COVID-19 pandemic increases demand for specialized nurses in many parts of the country, it has also exposed long-running tensions over pay at Nashville's biggest hospital.
Vanderbilt University Medical Center last week set up a "manpower command center" to "recruit nurses and nursing students who can serve alongside or support our clinicians in a range of ways."
The pay? In some instances, up to $5,600 per week for temporary nurses, dwarfing the salaries of existing emergency room nurses who say they have been fighting for salary increases for more two years.
"My starting pay is less than $24 per hour," said one veteran nurse, who asked to remain anonymous because she feared losing her job after speaking out. The nurse said she relies on overtime, working 48-60 hours per week instead of the regular 36-hour work week to make ends meet. Otherwise, her standard take-home pay is less than $1,000 per week.
"We are nurses. We understand the risks. But we’re putting our family at risks too," the nurse said. "Kroger is offering their workers more pay right now. Other places are as well. I think financial compensation for how hard we are working would be a good way to say 'thank you. We appreciate you.'"
'It's our time to act':Doctors and nurses put themselves at risk to save patients across the state each day.
More:Stay safe and informed with updates on the spread of the coronavirus.
Another nurse, who also asked her name not be used, said she had began working at Vanderbilt as a temporary nurse several years ago, then took a 60% salary cut to take a staff job to remain in Nashville.
"I hear people talking about hazard pay, and I kind of go back and forth about that," she said. "We knew what we signed up for when we became nurses. I think if I were working anywhere else where the pay was equitable, I don't think COVID should necessarily mean extra pay (for staff nurses) if we are already fairly paid. The problem is we are not."
The median salary for a hospital-based registered nurse is $37.37 per hour nationally, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In Tennessee it is $29.48 per hour.
After inquiries from news organizations on Monday, the hospital issued a statement saying they planned to tell staff Tuesday that pay increases would take effect this month for all registered nurses involved in direct patient care and their nursing supervisor.
The news release did not specify the amount in pay increase, saying those decisions would be conveyed to individual nurses through their managers.
An email to one nurse on Tuesday shared with The Tennessean said nurses with three years of experience or less would receive a $2 per hour raise; nurses with more experience will receive a $3 per hour raise.
"We know that our nurses provide outstanding care and create remarkable patient experiences every day," the statement said.
The pandemic has forced hospitals to shift nurse staffing at all levels, as elective surgeries are cancelled and outpatient services temporarily suspended -- and the staff needed for those procedures sidelined.
Instead, ICU and ER nurses are in greatest demand.
Outbreak hotspots such as New York, Detroit, New Orleans and Seattle have all reported peak demands for those nurses, according to NurseFly, an industry information source for nurses and healthcare professionals.
Hospitals in New York City are paying $10,327.80 per week in addition to travel and housing stipends for ICU nurses willing to work immediately, according to NuWest Travel Nursing.
Average pay across the nation for temporary registered nurse jobs was $1,700 nationwide in January. By March, the average pay for COVID-19 related nursing jobs jumped to over $3,000 – with outbreak hotspots seeing pay increased of more than 100 percent, according to NurseFLy
At Ascension Saint Thomas, officials are also recruiting temporary full-time and on an as-needed basis, said spokeswoman Michelle Heard. Heard declined to provide pay figures for temporary staff.
The hospital is also cross-training existing nurses to provide support in departments that will need additional staffing to care for COVID patients, she said.
In response to questions about whether staff nurses would receive any additional pandemic pay, Heard said that the hospital established extra day care subsidies and hotel reimbursements for staff who treat COVID patients who may need to stay apart from family members.
HCA hospitals continue to recruit rapid response nurses on an as-needed basis, but does not disclose its contract pay agreements.
Spokesman Harlow Sumerford referred questions about additional staff compensation to a statement by HCA CEO Sam Hazen that he would contribute 100% of his compensation in April and May to an established relief fund that helps employees who have suffered an extended illness, injury or disaster.
Reach Anita Wadhwani at awadhwani@tennessean.com; 615-259-8092 or follow her on Twitter @AnitaWadhwani | [
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Tumor radiosensitization through reductions in hemoglobin affinity.
Alterations in the oxygen (O2) distribution in a tumor due to changes in the quantity of O2 carried in the blood can affect the response of a tumor to radiation. For example, the blood hemoglobin (Hb) level has been shown to be an important prognostic and therapeutic factor in radiation therapy. Another factor affecting the delivery of O2 to tissues is the Hb affinity for O2. Changes in Hb affinity for O2 result in shifts of the Hb-O2 dissociation curve which increase or decrease tissue oxygenation. The aim of the present studies was to determine whether reductions in Hb affinity prior to irradiation could improve the resultant tumor response. KHT sarcomas were irradiated in female C3H/HeJ mice, possessing either normal or reduced Hb affinities for O2 at the time of treatment. Changes in Hb affinity for O2 were induced by keeping tumor-bearing mice in a 12% O2 environment for various periods of time. Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) was measured as an indicator of Hb affinity for O2. After 36 hr of low O2 exposure, 2,3 DPG levels increased 20-30%. This change in 2,3 DPG reflected a proportional decrease in Hb affinity for O2. Following the exposure of 12% O2, the animals were removed from the low O2 chamber and their tumors locally irradiated while the mice breathed air. After irradiation, tumor cell survival was determined using an in vivo to in vitro excision assay. The results indicate that the fraction of hypoxic cells in tumors of mice whose Hb affinity had been reduced prior to irradiation was approximately 3%. By comparison, the hypoxic fraction in tumors irradiated in mice with normal Hb affinities was approximately 15%. Thus, reductions in Hb affinity prior to irradiation can yield significant radiation sensitization in tumors. These findings form the basis for future investigations of the use of pharmacologic methods for the in vivo alteration of the Hb-O2 dissociation curve to improve tumor oxygenation. | [
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] |
United States Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit
__________________________
MARY REEVES (SUBSTITUTED FOR CORBY REEVES),
Claimant-Appellant,
v.
ERIC K. SHINSEKI, SECRETARY OF VETERANS
AFFAIRS,
Respondent-Appellee.
__________________________
2011-7085
__________________________
Appeal from the United States Court of Appeals for
Veterans Claims in case no. 08-1951, Judge Alan G.
Lance, Sr.
______________________
Decided: June 14, 2012
_______________________
KENNETH M. CARPENTER, Carpenter, Chartered, of
Topeka, Kansas, argued for claimant-appellant.
ELIZABETH M. HOSFORD, Senior Trial Counsel, Com-
mercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States
Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, argued for
respondent-appellee. With her on the brief were TONY
WEST, Assistant Attorney General, Jeanne E. Davidson,
Director, and BRIAN M. SIMKIN, Assistant Director. Of
counsel on the brief were MICHAEL J. TIMINSKI, Deputy
REEVES v. DVA 2
Assistant General Counsel, and JONATHAN E. TAYLOR,
Attorney, United States Department of Veterans Affairs,
of Washington, DC.
__________________________
Before BRYSON, MAYER, and MOORE, Circuit Judges.
Opinion for the court filed by Circuit Judge MAYER.
Dissenting opinion filed by Circuit Judge BRYSON.
MAYER, Circuit Judge.
Mary Reeves (“Mrs. Reeves”), the surviving spouse of
veteran Corby Reeves (“Reeves”), appeals a judgment of
the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims
(“Veterans Court”) that rejected Reeves’ assertion of clear
and unmistakable error (“CUE”) in an April 1983 decision
of the Board of Veterans’ Appeals (“board”). See Reeves v.
Shinseki, No. 08-1951, 2010 U.S. App. Vet. Claims LEXIS
2203 (Vet. App. 2010) (“Veterans Court Decision”). Be-
cause we conclude that the Veterans Court misinterpreted
38 U.S.C. § 1154(b) when it rejected Reeves’ CUE claim,
we reverse and remand.
BACKGROUND
Reeves served in the United States Army from June
1942 until November 1945. He worked as a heavy mortar
crewman during several combat offensives and was
awarded three Bronze Stars. In September 1981, Reeves
filed a claim seeking service-connected disability benefits
for bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Reeves stated:
“During my service I experienced a hearing loss due to
firing [an] 81 mm mortar and [from] treatment of malaria
with quinine. . . . My hearing, especially the right ear,
has been deteriorating ever since my active duty.” Reeves
also submitted a medical opinion from his physician, R.L.
Dunlap, M.D., who stated that he had diagnosed Reeves
3 REEVES v. DVA
with bilateral, nerve-type hearing loss in 1962 and that
he attributed this hearing impairment to “noise exposure”
or to treatment with quinine for malaria. 1 In addition,
Reeves submitted records of an audiogram, conducted
soon after his claim was filed, which indicated that he
suffered from “severe bilateral nerve-type hearing loss.”
At a hearing before a Department of Veterans Affairs
(“VA”) rating board in May 1982, Reeves testified that he
had first noticed his hearing loss in the summer of 1946
“when he could not hear a watch tick.” Mrs. Reeves also
testified at the hearing, averring that when she married
Reeves in 1948 she had noticed that he suffered from
hearing loss.
In addition, Reeves submitted statements from offi-
cers with whom he had served during World War II.
These officers stated that he had been exposed to noise
from mortar fire and that he had been treated for malaria
while in service. Major Robert P. McGraw, who served
with Reeves in Company D of the 338th Infantry, stated
that Reeves “had to be with his mortars” during training
exercises and during several combat offensives. McGraw
further asserted that “[b]eing so close to these guns dur-
ing the extensive firing they received over such a long
period of time, the ear could be easily damaged from the
muzzle blast of the 81 mm mortar.”
In April 1983, the board denied Reeves’ claim. Al-
though it acknowledged that he was exposed to mortar
fire and had been treated for malaria while in service, the
board noted that “the earliest clinical recording of hearing
impairment was by [Reeves’] private physician in Novem-
1 The government has been unable to produce cop-
ies of Reeves’ service medical records, explaining that
they may have been destroyed in a 1973 fire at the Na-
tional Personnel Records Center.
REEVES v. DVA 4
ber 1962.” The board concluded that the hearing loss that
had been documented in 1962 was “too remote from
[Reeves’] active service” to be caused by either his expo-
sure to mortar fire or treatment for malaria while in
service. The board’s decision became final when Reeves
did not file an appeal.
In 2004, the board granted Reeves’ application to re-
open his claim. See 38 U.S.C. § 5108 (providing that a
claim will be reopened “if new and material evidence is
presented or secured”). The board cited to new evidence
from a physician who stated that he had treated Reeves
from 1946 to 1954 and that Reeves had experienced
“hearing difficulties” during this time period. The physi-
cian further asserted that Reeves’ hearing problems
“could have resulted from his [military] service, i.e. the
firing of the 81 mm mortar and the treatment of malaria
with quinine.” The board also cited to a July 2001 state-
ment from another physician, as well as a May 2004
statement from a VA medical examiner, both of which
indicated that Reeves’ hearing loss was likely due to noise
exposure while in the military. Accordingly, the board
determined that the record contained sufficient evidence
to establish that Reeves’ hearing impairment was in-
curred during his military service. It therefore awarded
him service-connected disability benefits, with an effective
date of June 13, 2002, the date he filed his application to
reopen his claim.
In December 2006, Reeves filed a motion for revision
of the 1983 board decision, arguing that he was entitled to
an earlier effective date for the award of disability bene-
fits. He asserted that the 1983 decision contained CUE
because the board had failed to apply the combat pre-
sumption contained in section 1154(b). The board re-
jected this argument, however, stating that the
application of the combat presumption was unnecessary
5 REEVES v. DVA
because the 1983 decision accepted the fact that Reeves
had suffered acoustic trauma in service. The board ex-
plained that “[s]ince actual evidence of noise exposure in
service was available, the Board had no need to apply the
combat presumption.”
The board acknowledged that the 1983 decision was
“not a model of legal and factual exposition, at least by
current standards.” It noted that in evaluating whether
there was a nexus between Reeves’ in-service injury and
his subsequent hearing disability, the board reached a
conclusion on nexus which might have been “based on the
expertise of one of the three signatory Board members,
who was a Medical Doctor.” While relying upon the
medical expertise of a board member would be “highly
improper” under current law, the board determined that
“current standards [were] not applicable” in the context of
a claim alleging CUE in an earlier board decision.
On appeal, the Veterans Court affirmed. It rejected
Reeves’ assertion that the evidence of record in 1983 was
such that the board had no choice but to resolve in his
favor any doubt on the question of whether his hearing
disability was incurred in service. Veterans Court Deci-
sion, 2010 U.S. App. Vet. Claims LEXIS 2203, at *3. The
court also determined that “under the law extant in 1983,
the Board was not precluded from relying upon its own
medical judgment” in concluding that Reeves’ hearing loss
had not been incurred in service. Id. at *4. The court
stated, moreover, that “a mere disagreement with how the
facts were weighed or evaluated is not enough to substan-
tiate a CUE claim.” Id. at *3-4.
On February 15, 2011, Reeves filed a notice of appeal
with this court. He died three days later. On April 14,
2011, Mrs. Reeves filed a motion to be substituted for her
husband on appeal. This motion, which included a copy of
REEVES v. DVA 6
Reeves’ certified death certificate, stated that Mrs. Reeves
was entitled to receive any benefits that were due and
payable to her husband as of the date of his death. On
June 1, 2011, this court granted Mrs. Reeves’ motion to
substitute for her husband on appeal, without prejudice to
the government’s ability to make arguments in its appeal
brief on the question of whether substitution was appro-
priate.
DISCUSSION
This court’s authority to review decisions of the Vet-
erans Court is circumscribed by statute. See 38 U.S.C.
§ 7292. Although we have no authority to review chal-
lenges to factual determinations or the application of a
statute or regulation to the facts of a particular case, “[w]e
have recognized . . . that where adoption of a particular
legal standard dictates the outcome of a case based on
undisputed facts, we may address that issue as a question
of law.” Halpern v. Principi, 384 F.3d 1297, 1306 (Fed.
Cir. 2004).
The government makes two principal arguments.
First, it contends that Mrs. Reeves has no standing to be
substituted for her husband on appeal because she has
not filed a claim for accrued benefits with the VA. Sec-
ond, it argues that there is no CUE in the 1983 board
decision because the failure to apply the combat presump-
tion contained in section 1154(b) 2 was harmless error. We
find neither of these arguments persuasive.
I. Substitution
Pursuant to Rule 43 of the Federal Rules of Appellate
Procedure, if a party dies while his appeal is pending
before an appellate court, his personal representative may
2 Section 1154(b) was previously codified at 38
U.S.C. § 354(b).
7 REEVES v. DVA
be substituted for him: “If a party dies after a notice of
appeal has been filed or while a proceeding is pending in
the court of appeals, the decedent’s personal representa-
tive may be substituted as a party on motion filed with
the circuit clerk by the representative or by any party.”
Fed. R. App. P. 43(a)(1). There is no dispute that Reeves
died after he had filed his notice of appeal with this court.
There is likewise no dispute that Mrs. Reeves is her
husband’s personal representative as his surviving
spouse, and that she filed a timely motion to be substi-
tuted for him on appeal. Mrs. Reeves, therefore, meets
the prerequisites for substitution under Rule 43(a)(1).
As the government correctly notes, however, “[t]he
question of substitution is separate from that of stand-
ing.” Richard v. West, 161 F.3d 719, 722 (Fed. Cir. 1998).
Procedural rules, such as Rule 43(a)(1), “simply describe[]
the manner in which parties are to be substituted in
federal court once it is determined that the applicable
substantive law allows the action to survive a party’s
death.” Robertson v. Wegmann, 436 U.S. 584, 587 n.3
(1978) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).
The government argues that Mrs. Reeves has no standing
to be substituted for her deceased husband. It asserts
that “mere eligibility for accrued benefits is not enough”
to confer standing and that the filing of an accrued-
benefits claim is required before a survivor can be substi-
tuted on a pending appeal. We disagree. Even assuming
arguendo that standing can be established only if a sur-
viving spouse files an accrued-benefits claim, Mrs. Reeves’
motion to be substituted for her husband qualifies as an
informal claim for accrued benefits. 3 See Kelsey v. West,
3 When a veteran dies, his right to continuing dis-
ability compensation ends. See 38 U.S.C. § 5112(b)(1)
(providing that a veteran’s right to disability compensa-
tion terminates on the last day of the month before the
REEVES v. DVA 8
13 Vet. App. 437, 438 (Vet. App. 2000) (explaining that a
notice of appeal, which contained a veteran’s death notice,
constituted “an informal, derivative, claim for accrued
benefits” by the veteran’s surviving spouse); Landicho v.
Brown, 7 Vet. App. 42, 50 (Vet. App. 1994) (concluding
that the filing of a motion for substitution, which was
accompanied by the veteran’s death notice, qualified as an
informal claim for accrued benefits). Indeed, the VA’s
current practice is to treat motions for substitution and
claims for accrued benefits as “one and the same.” Substi-
tution of Party in Case of Claimant’s Death, VA Fast
Letter 10-30 7 (Aug. 10, 2010) (“To request substitution,
an eligible survivor may file either a claim for accrued
benefits or a request for substitution. Accrued benefits
claims and requests for substitution shall be treated as
one and the same.”).
As we explained in Rodriguez v. West, 189 F.3d 1351,
1353 (Fed. Cir. 1992), any communication can qualify as
an informal claim if it: (1) is in writing; (2) indicates an
intent to apply for veterans’ benefits; and (3) identifies the
particular benefits sought. See 38 C.F.R. § 3.155. Here,
Mrs. Reeves’ motion for substitution, which was filed on
April 14, 2011, stated that: (1) her husband, a claimant
seeking VA disability benefits, had an appeal pending
before this court when he died on February 18, 2011; and
(2) she, as Reeves’ surviving spouse, was eligible to re-
veteran’s death). Pursuant to 38 U.S.C. § 5121, however,
certain individuals—typically the surviving spouse—have
the right to obtain the accrued benefits that were due and
payable to the veteran at the time of his death. An ac-
crued-benefits claim is derivative of the deceased vet-
eran’s claim and “incorporates any prior adjudications of
the service-connection issue on claims brought by the
veteran.” Padgett v. Nicholson, 473 F.3d 1364, 1369 (Fed.
Cir. 2007) (citations and internal quotation marks omit-
ted).
9 REEVES v. DVA
ceive the accrued benefits due as of the date of his death
pursuant to 38 U.S.C. § 5121(a). Mrs. Reeves attached a
certified copy of her husband’s death certificate to her
motion seeking substitution. Because Mrs. Reeves’ mo-
tion for substitution clearly evinced an intent to obtain
the benefits due and payable to her husband as of the
date of his death, it qualifies as an informal claim for
accrued benefits.
The Supreme Court allows substitution in situations
analogous to that presented here. Recently, in Henderson
v. Shinseki, the Court granted the motion of a surviving
spouse to be substituted for her veteran husband who
died while his case was pending before the Court. 131 S.
Ct. 624 (2010). Significantly, the surviving spouse was
allowed to substitute notwithstanding the fact that she
had not yet filed an accrued-benefits claim with the VA.
We see no reason why this court should not follow a
similar approach.
In Henderson, the surviving spouse’s motion to substi-
tute stated that she “intend[ed] to submit all necessary
materials to obtain accrued benefits with the VA,” but did
not indicate that she had previously filed an accrued-
benefits claim. The government attempts to distinguish
Henderson by arguing that Mrs. Reeves might have had
standing to substitute if her motion to substitute had
stated that she intended to file an accrued-benefits claim
with the VA in the future. We do not find this reasoning
persuasive. Standing is determined based upon the facts
as they exist at the time the motion to substitute is filed.
See Paradise Creations, Inc. v. U V Sales, Inc., 315 F.3d
1304, 1308 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (“Article III standing, like
other bases of jurisdiction, generally must be present at
the inception of the lawsuit.”); see also Keene Corp. v.
United States, 508 U.S. 200, 207 (1993) (“The jurisdiction
of the Court depends upon the state of things at the time
REEVES v. DVA 10
of the action brought.” (citations and internal quotation
marks omitted)). Accordingly, whether or not a survivor
states that he or she “intends” to file an accrued-benefits
claim with the VA at some point in the future is not
dispositive on the question of whether the survivor has
standing to substitute on a pending appeal. See Park v.
Forest Serv., 205 F.3d 1034, 1037-38 (8th Cir. 2000)
(explaining that events occurring after the filing of a
complaint cannot be used to establish standing).
The government argues that a survivor should be re-
quired to file an accrued-benefits claim with the VA before
being allowed to substitute on appeal because this court is
not permitted to make factual findings on the issue of
whether a particular individual qualifies as an appropri-
ate accrued-benefits claimant. In situations in which the
appropriate accrued-benefits beneficiary is in dispute, it
might be appropriate to remand for a resolution of this
issue. See Zevalkink v. Brown, 102 F.3d 1236, 1244 (Fed.
Cir. 1996). Here, however, there is no dispute that Mrs.
Reeves, as the surviving spouse, is entitled to any benefits
due and unpaid to her husband at the time of his death.
See 38 U.S.C. § 5121(a)(2)(A); see also Bailey v. Principi,
351 F.3d 1381, 1384 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (“[W]hen the ma-
terial facts are not in dispute and the adoption of a par-
ticular legal standard would dictate the outcome of the . . .
claim, this court has treated the question . . . as a matter
of law that we are authorized by statute to address.”);
Texas Instruments, Inc. v. United States, 922 F.2d 810,
815 (Fed. Cir. 1990) (explaining that there is no need to
remand a case to determine an issue “which legally
[could] be decided in only one way” (citations and internal
quotation marks omitted)). Because there is no dispute
that Mrs. Reeves is entitled to receive any benefits due
and payable to her husband at the time of his death, we
see no reason that she should be required to file a sepa-
11 REEVES v. DVA
rate accrued-benefits claim with the VA before being
allowed to substitute for her husband on appeal. 4
The government’s argument that Mrs. Reeves must
file a motion for accrued benefits with the VA before this
court can allow her to substitute is an attempt to super-
impose the VA’s claim processing requirements upon this
court’s rules for substitution. The VA, quite clearly, has
no authority to dictate to this court the procedures that
must be followed when allowing a claimant to substitute
on a pending appeal.
“The VA disability compensation system is not meant
to be a trap for the unwary, or a stratagem to deny com-
pensation to a veteran who has a valid claim . . . .” Comer
v. Peake, 552 F.3d 1362, 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2009); see also
Barrett v. Nicholson, 466 F.3d 1038, 1044 (Fed. Cir. 2006)
(“The government’s interest in veterans cases is not that
it shall win, but rather that justice shall be done, that all
veterans so entitled receive the benefits due to them.”).
Notwithstanding the recent death of her husband, Mrs.
Reeves filed a timely motion to substitute—which clearly
indicated an intent to seek accrued benefits—and has
diligently prosecuted her appeal before this court. Under
4 This does not mean that on remand the VA cannot
have Mrs. Reeves file additional paperwork if necessary to
confirm her status as the appropriate accrued-benefits
beneficiary before awarding her any benefits. See 38
U.S.C. § 5121(c) (“If a claimant’s application [for accrued
benefits] is incomplete at the time it is originally submit-
ted, the Secretary shall notify the claimant of the evi-
dence necessary to complete the application. If such
evidence is not received within one year from the date of
such notification, no accrued benefits may be paid.”). We
hold only that Mrs. Reeves was not required to file an
accrued-benefits claim with the VA before being allowed
to substitute for her husband on appeal to this court.
REEVES v. DVA 12
such circumstances, her failure to file an additional
accrued-benefits claim with the VA should not result in
the forfeiture of her right to the compensation due to her
husband at the time of his death. 5 Significantly, the
government has suffered no prejudice as a result of the
failure to file a claim with the VA because Mrs. Reeves’
motion to substitute clearly put it on notice that she
intended to seek accrued benefits.
II. Section 5121A
Congress recently enacted legislation expressly au-
thorizing an accrued-benefits claimant to substitute for a
deceased veteran:
(1) If a claimant dies while a claim for any benefit
under a law administered by the Secretary, or an
appeal of a decision with respect to such a claim,
is pending, a living person who would be eligible
to receive accrued benefits due to the claimant
under section 5121(a) of this title may, not later
than one year after the date of the death of such
claimant, file a request to be substituted as the
claimant for the purposes of processing the claim
to completion.
(2) Any person seeking to be substituted for the
claimant shall present evidence of the right to
claim such status within such time as prescribed
by the Secretary in regulations.
5 Claims for accrued benefits must be filed within
one year of a veteran’s death. See 38 U.S.C. § 5121(c).
Given that more than a year has passed since Reeves’
death, Mrs. Reeves might forfeit all right to relief if it
were determined that her motion to substitute did not
qualify as an informal accrued-benefits claim.
13 REEVES v. DVA
(3) Substitution under this subsection shall be in
accordance with such regulations as the Secretary
may prescribe.
38 U.S.C. § 5121A. 6 Under this provision, an accrued-
benefits claimant can be substituted for a veteran who
dies while a “claim” or “an appeal of a decision with
respect to such a claim . . . is pending.” Id. § 5121A(1). In
Breedlove v. Shinseki, the Veterans Court determined
that while section 5121A authorizes substitution in pro-
ceedings at the VA, it does not “directly” authorize substi-
tution in cases in which a veteran dies while his case is
pending before a court. 24 Vet. App. 7, 8 (Vet. App. 2010)
(per curiam). In support, the court noted that the statute
refers to a “claimant” and “processing the claim,” and that
“[t]his language indicates persons and events at the
Agency level, not parties to litigation in an appellate
court.” Id. at 11-12. In addition, the court pointed to the
fact that section 5121A explicitly provides that substitu-
tion will be governed by regulations prescribed by the
Secretary of Veterans Affairs and reasoned that “[i]t
would be incongruous to charge the Secretary with prom-
ulgating regulations that would potentially affect
whether” substitution was available in a pending court
proceeding. Breedlove, 24 Vet. App. at 13.
We need not decide whether the Veterans Court cor-
rectly determined that section 5121A does not directly
authorize substitution in court proceedings. That issue is
moot—at least for purposes of the present appeal—given
that we agree with the court’s alternative holding, which
is that even if section 5121A directly applies only to
6 Section 5121A applies in cases in which the vet-
eran died after October 10, 2008. See Veterans’ Benefits
Improvement Act of 2008, Pub. L. No. 110-389, 122 Stat.
4145, 4151.
REEVES v. DVA 14
actions pending before the VA, its enactment nonetheless
undercuts the rationale for previous decisions that re-
fused to allow a survivor to substitute when a veteran
died while his appeal was pending before a court. See
Breedlove, 24 Vet. App. at 20 (“Since Congress has now
created an avenue for an accrued-benefits claimant to
continue to pursue a veteran’s claim . . . after the vet-
eran’s death, the Court henceforth will consider substitu-
tion, if requested, in all cases pending before the Court
regardless of the stage of briefing at the time of a vet-
eran’s death.”).
Prior to 1994, the Veterans Court routinely allowed
an accrued-benefits claimant to be substituted for a
veteran who died while his appeal was pending before the
court. Id. at 15. In Landicho, however, the court reversed
course and determined, based upon its interpretation of
the “overall statutory scheme” for veterans’ benefits, that
Congress did not intend to permit substitution:
The overall statutory scheme . . . creates a chapter
11 disability compensation benefit that does not
survive the eligible veteran’s death. It is only in
the accrued-benefits provisions in section 5121
that Congress has set forth a procedure for a
qualified survivor to carry on, to the limited ex-
tent provided for therein, a deceased veteran’s
claim for VA benefits by submitting an application
for accrued benefits within one year after the vet-
eran’s death.
7 Vet. App. at 47. In the court’s view, Congress intended
that a veteran’s claim would be extinguished upon his
death. Id. (emphasizing that the statutes authorizing
disability compensation for veterans “make[] no provision
for survivors”). Because a veteran’s claim “died” with him,
a survivor could not be substituted on that claim, but was
15 REEVES v. DVA
instead required to begin the lengthy claims process anew
by filing his or her own claim for accrued benefits. Id. at
47-48.
We sanctioned this approach to substitution in
Zevalkink. There we held that a surviving spouse had no
standing to be substituted for a veteran who died while
his appeal was pending before the Veterans Court. 102
F.3d at 1240-42. We concluded that the surviving
spouse’s claim for accrued benefits was distinct from the
veteran’s claim for disability compensation, and that
“[a]ny delay inherent in pursuing [a separate accrued-
benefits] claim . . . does not constitute the kind of actual
or threatened injury that confers standing.” Id. at 1244.
Subsequently, however, we refined our approach to
substitution, concluding that a survivor had standing to
be substituted for a deceased veteran in situations where
substitution was required to protect the survivor’s legal
interests. See Padgett, 473 F.3d at 1366-70. In Padgett, a
veteran died after his appeal had been submitted to the
Veterans Court, but before issuance of the court’s judg-
ment in his favor. Id. at 1366-67. We determined that it
was appropriate to allow the surviving spouse to substi-
tute for her deceased husband and to give her the benefit
of the Veterans Court’s judgment by issuing that judg-
ment nunc pro tunc to the date of the veteran’s death. Id.
at 1369. We explained that failure to give effect to the
Veterans Court’s judgment would be improper “because it
would disregard the otherwise final determination of
issues relating to the accrued-benefits claim.” Id. We
concluded, moreover, that the surviving spouse had
standing to be substituted on the veteran’s appeal be-
cause of the “continuing relevance and preclusive effect”
that the issues decided in his appeal would have on her
own claim for accrued benefits. Id. at 1370.
REEVES v. DVA 16
In the wake of Padgett, we observed that the right to
substitute on appeal was not available in all circum-
stances. Unless the refusal to allow substitution would
adversely affect the accrued-benefits claim, a survivor
could not substitute for a deceased veteran, but had to
begin the claims process anew by filing a separate ac-
crued-benefits claim. See Phillips v. Shinseki, 581 F.3d
1358, 1365 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (concluding that substitution
was appropriate where it would “remove[] a significant
roadblock from [the survivor’s] path to obtaining bene-
fits”). In Hyatt v. Shinseki, we concluded that a surviving
spouse had no standing to substitute for her husband who
died while his appeal was pending before the Veterans
Court because her claim for accrued-benefits would not be
negatively impacted by the refusal to allow substitution.
566 F.3d 1364, 1369-71 (Fed. Cir. 2009). We explained
that regardless of whether or not substitution were al-
lowed, the surviving spouse would not be permitted to
rely on evidence not already in her husband’s claims file
when pursuing her claim for accrued benefits. Id. at
1371.
The enactment of section 5121A mandates a shift in
our approach to substitution in veterans’ cases, because
Congress has deemed it both “unfair and inefficient” to
require an accrued-benefits claimant to restart the claims
process after a veteran’s death. H.R. Rep. No. 110-789, at
17 (2008). Congress emphasized that “[a]llowing substi-
tution prevents unnecessary reworking of the same claim,
allowing it to move forward from its current state of
development to appropriate finality and saves families
from facing unnecessary administrative hurdles.” Id.
Significantly, section 5121A specifically provides that an
accrued-benefits claimant can be substituted on a de-
ceased veteran’s claim for the purpose of processing the
veteran’s “claim to completion.” 38 U.S.C. § 5121A(1).
17 REEVES v. DVA
The statute thus makes clear that a veteran’s claim is not
extinguished by his death. Instead, it survives so that it
can be processed “to completion,” id., thereby allowing the
accrued-benefits claimant to obtain any benefits due and
payable to the veteran at the time of his death. See
Padgett v. Shinseki, 643 F.3d 950, 956 n.5 (Fed. Cir.
2011). As discussed above, the premise of previous deci-
sions refusing to allow substitution was that Congress did
not intend for a veteran’s claim to survive his death.
Because section 5121A rejects that premise, there is no
continuing justification for refusing to allow an appropri-
ate accrued-benefits claimant to be substituted for a
veteran who dies while his appeal is pending before this
court. See Phillips, 581 F.3d at 1363 n.1 (stating, in dicta,
that section 5121A allows an accrued-benefits claimant to
be substituted on a deceased veteran’s appeal “as a mat-
ter of course”); Breedlove, 24 Vet. App. at 20 (“Congress
has indicated in enacting section 5121A [that] the vet-
eran’s disability benefits claim does not die with the
veteran and the accrued-benefits claim by a survivor no
longer represents a separate interest that must be sepa-
rately pursued apart from the veteran’s underlying claim
for benefits.”).
III. CUE Claim
Turning now to the merits of the appeal, we reject the
government’s contention that there is no CUE in the 1983
board decision because the failure to apply section 1154(b)
was harmless error. That statute provides:
In the case of any veteran who engaged in combat
with the enemy in active service with a military,
naval, or air organization of the United States
during a period of war, campaign, or expedition,
the Secretary shall accept as sufficient proof of
service-connection of any disease or injury alleged
REEVES v. DVA 18
to have been incurred in or aggravated by such
service satisfactory lay or other evidence of service
incurrence or aggravation of such injury or dis-
ease, if consistent with the circumstances, condi-
tions, or hardships of such service,
notwithstanding the fact that there is no official
record of such incurrence or aggravation in such
service, and, to that end, shall resolve every rea-
sonable doubt in favor of the veteran.
38 U.S.C. § 1154(b).
Congress enacted section 1154(b) because of its con-
cern that combat veterans faced “major obstacle[s]” when
seeking to assemble the medical records necessary to
establish that they suffered an injury or disease while in
service. H.R. Rep. No. 1157, at 3 (1941). In many in-
stances, medical records do not survive combat conditions.
Id. Furthermore, due to the exigencies of battle, soldiers
may not immediately seek medical treatment for combat-
related injuries. Id. Accordingly, section 1154(b) allows a
combat veteran to use “satisfactory lay or other evidence”
to establish that he was injured or incurred a disability
while on active duty, even in cases where “there is no
official record” that such injury or disability occurred. 38
U.S.C. § 1154(b). The statute, moreover, specifically
provides that the VA must “resolve every reasonable
doubt in favor of the veteran” when determining whether
a combat veteran incurred a particular injury or disability
while in active service. Id.
Mrs. Reeves argues that if the 1983 board had prop-
erly applied section 1154(b), her husband would have
been “entitled to a finding that [the] injury to his hearing
occurred during combat with the enemy.” She further
asserts that the board erred by failing to “resolve every
19 REEVES v. DVA
reasonable doubt” in her husband’s favor when denying
his claim for service-connected benefits.
In response, the government acknowledges that the
1983 board failed to apply the section 1154(b) presump-
tion. It argues, however, that the board was not required
to apply that presumption because “the board was able to
determine that Mr. Reeves’s acoustic trauma was in-
curred in service by examining official records and lay
statements showing that he was a mortarman subject to
noise exposure in service.”
The fundamental flaw in the government’s argument
is that it conflates the question of whether Reeves was
exposed to acoustic trauma 7 with the issue of whether he
suffered permanent hearing loss while on active duty.
When Reeves filed his application for service-connected
disability compensation, he asserted not only that he had
suffered acoustic trauma, but also that this acoustic
trauma led to hearing loss while he was in active service. 8
Accordingly, even though the board accepted that Reeves
7 The American Medical Association defines “acous-
tic trauma” as “[a] severe injury to the ear caused by a
short-duration sound of extremely high intensity such as
an explosion or gunfire.” American Medical Association
Complete Medical Encyclopedia 112 (Jerrold B. Leiken,
M.D., & Martin S. Lipsky, M.D., eds., 2003). An acoustic
trauma can cause permanent hearing loss, but does not
necessarily do so. Id.
8 In 1982, Reeves submitted a statement to the VA
asserting: “During my service I experienced a hearing loss
due to firing [an] 81 mm mortar and [from] treatment of
malaria with quinine. . . . My hearing, especially the
right ear, has been deteriorating ever since my active
duty.” Joint App. 21 (emphasis added). It is clear, there-
fore, that Reeves contended not only that he had suffered
in-service acoustic trauma, but that this trauma led to
hearing loss while on active duty.
REEVES v. DVA 20
had suffered acoustic trauma, it was nonetheless required
to apply the section 1154(b) presumption to the separate
question of whether he also suffered permanent hearing
loss while on active duty. In short, although the record
contained evidence of the cause of Reeves’ disability—
acoustic trauma from mortar blasts and the drugs used to
treat malaria—he still had the right to invoke the section
1154(b) presumption in order to show that he incurred the
disability itself while in service. See Shedden v. Principi,
381 F.3d 1163, 1166-67 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (emphasizing the
distinction between the cause of a veteran’s disability and
the disability itself). The board erred, therefore, in con-
cluding that “since evidence of [Reeves’] noise exposure
was of record, [use of] the combat presumption was un-
necessary.”
The situation here parallels that presented in Dam-
bach v. Gober, 223 F.3d 1376, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2000).
There, a combat veteran’s service medical records showed
that he had been treated for tonsillitis and other infec-
tions while serving in Vietnam, but he sought to rely upon
the section 1154(b) presumption to establish that he had
also suffered from another condition, myocarditis, while in
service. 223 F.3d at 1378-79. On appeal to this court, the
veteran contended that the Veterans Court had “misin-
terpreted section 1154(b) by refusing to apply it to any of
his illnesses because there was documentation [in the
record] of some of his illnesses.” Id. at 1380. We agreed,
explaining that “a combat veteran will receive the benefit
of section 1154(b)” when seeking to establish that he
suffered from a particular disease or condition while in
service, even if the record contains evidence demonstrat-
ing that he was treated for other conditions while on
active duty. Id.
A similar analysis applies here. Simply because the
board accepted the fact that Reeves suffered acoustic
21 REEVES v. DVA
trauma in service does not mean that it was not required
to apply the section 1154(b) presumption to the separate
issue of whether he suffered hearing loss while on active
duty. If Reeves had been able to use the section 1154(b)
presumption to show that he incurred a permanent hear-
ing disability in service, it presumably would have been
far easier for him to establish that there was a nexus 9
between his military service and the severe bilateral
sensorineural hearing loss with which he was afflicted
after leaving the military. Instead of attempting to
establish that the acoustic trauma he suffered while in
the military led to hearing loss following his service,
Reeves would only have had to show that the hearing
disability he incurred in service was a chronic condition
that persisted in the years following his active duty. We
reject, therefore, the government’s argument that the
failure by the 1983 board to apply the section 1154(b)
combat presumption was merely harmless error.
Finally, we must emphasize that “[s]ection 1154
makes it abundantly clear that special considerations
attend the cases of combat veterans.” Jensen v. Brown, 19
F.3d 1413, 1416 (Fed. Cir. 1994). In denying Reeves’
disability claim, we see no evidence that the 1983 board
afforded him the benefit of every reasonable doubt on the
question of whether his hearing loss was incurred in
service. See 38 U.S.C. § 1154(b) (requiring that the VA
“resolve every reasonable doubt in favor of” a combat
veteran when determining whether he incurred an injury
9 Even when the section 1154(b) combat presump-
tion applies, a “veteran seeking compensation must still
show the existence of a present disability and that there
is a causal relationship between the present disability and
the injury, disease, or aggravation of a preexisting injury
or disease incurred during active duty.” Shedden, 381
F.3d at 1167 (footnote omitted).
REEVES v. DVA 22
or condition in service). Of record before the 1983 board
were several pieces of evidence indicating that there was
a nexus between Reeves’ post-service hearing disability
and the in-service injury to his hearing. This evidence
included: (1) statements from both Reeves and his wife
asserting that he had exhibited noticeable hearing im-
pairment soon after he left the military; (2) statements
from Reeves’ military comrades asserting that he “had to
be with his mortars” during several combat offensives and
that his hearing could “easily [have been] damaged from
the muzzle blast of the 81 mm mortar”; and (3) a state-
ment from Reeves’ physician, Dunlap, who stated that he
had diagnosed Reeves with bilateral, nerve-type hearing
loss in 1962 and that he attributed this hearing impair-
ment to “noise exposure” or treatment with quinine for
malaria. On remand, the Veterans Court will have the
opportunity to reevaluate, using a correct application of
section 1154(b), whether the 1983 board decision denying
Reeves disability compensation contains CUE.
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, the judgment of the United States Court
of Appeals for Veterans Claims is reversed and the case is
remanded for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion.
REVERSED and REMANDED
COSTS
Appellant shall have her costs.
United States Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit
__________________________
MARY REEVES (SUBSTITUTED FOR CORBY REEVES),
Claimant- Appellant,
v.
ERIC K. SHINSEKI, SECRETARY OF VETERANS
AFFAIRS,
Respondent-Appellant.
__________________________
2011-7085
__________________________
Appeal from the United States Court for Veterans
Claims in Case No. 08-1951, Judge Alan G. Lance, Sr.
__________________________
BRYSON, Circuit Judge, dissenting.
Because I do not agree with the court that the 1983
Board of Veterans’ Appeals decision denying compensa-
tion for Mr. Reeves’s hearing loss contained clear and
unmistakable error, I respectfully dissent. 1
1 The court holds that the appellant, Mr. Reeves’s
widow, has standing to prosecute this appeal because she
is entitled to the accrued benefits that were due to Mr.
Reeves at the time of his death. For some reason, which
was not adequately explained, Mrs. Reeves did not follow
the DVA’s procedures for establishing her right to prose-
cute an accrued benefits claim such as this one. However,
the government does not dispute that she is the person
REEVES v. DVA 2
The court concludes that the Board in 1983 committed
clear and unmistakable error because it improperly failed
to apply the predecessor of 38 U.S.C. § 1154(b) to Mr.
Reeves’s claim of in-service injury. I disagree. Section
1154(b) eases the requirements for a combat veteran to
prove an in-service injury, but it does not alter the sepa-
rate requirement that the veteran establish a nexus
between his in-service injury and his current disability.
Because the Board based its 1983 decision on the lack of
proof of nexus, rather than the absence of evidence of in-
service injury, section 1154(b) had no application to the
Board’s decision, and the Board’s failure to apply section
1154(b) therefore did not constitute clear and unmistak-
able error.
To establish entitlement to compensation for a pre-
sent disability, a veteran must demonstrate: “(1) the
existence of a present disability; (2) in-service incurrence
or aggravation of a disease or injury; and (3) a causal
relationship between the present disability and the dis-
ease or injury incurred or aggravated during service.”
Shedden v. Principi, 381 F.3d 1163, 1167 (Fed. Cir. 2004).
The third element is the so-called “nexus requirement.”
Fagan v. Shinseki, 573 F.3d 1282, 1286 (Fed. Cir. 2009).
Section 1154(b) can assist the veteran in satisfying
the second prong of the test—that his or her initial injury
was indeed incurred in service—“by liberalizing the
methods of proof allowed.” Jensen v. Brown, 19 F.3d
1413, 1417 (Fed. Cir. 1994). For veterans who “engaged
who would be entitled to receive any accrued benefits due
to Mr. Reeves. For that reason, I see no purpose to be
served by denying her the right to seek benefits because
of her failure to comply with the DVA’s prescribed proce-
dures, and I do not dissent from the court’s decision on
that ground.
3 REEVES v. DVA
in combat with the enemy in active service” with the U.S.
military, the statute directs the DVA to
accept as sufficient proof of service-connection of
any disease or injury alleged to have been in-
curred in or aggravated by such service satisfac-
tory lay or other evidence of service incurrence or
aggravation of such injury or disease . . . notwith-
standing the fact that there is no official record of
such incurrence or aggravation in such service,
and, to that end, shall resolve every reasonable
doubt in favor of the veteran.
38 U.S.C. § 1154(b) (emphasis added).
The statute addresses the manner in which a veteran
may prove that he incurred an injury or disease during
service. It does not address the question whether that
injury or disease is causally related to the veteran’s
current disability. As both this court and the Court of
Appeals for Veterans Claims have repeatedly held, section
1154(b) does not serve to show nexus, i.e., a causal rela-
tionship between an in-service injury and a subsequently
diagnosed disability. Davidson v. Shinseki, 581 F.3d
1313, 1315 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (“[Section] 1154(b) could be
used only to show that [veteran] incurred or aggravated a
disease during service.”); Boyer v. West, 11 Vet. App. 477,
478 (1998) (explaining that “section 1154(b) does not
relieve the appellant of his obligation to submit competent
medical evidence of a nexus between his present hearing
loss and his military service” and that lay testimony
“cannot provide such medical evidence because lay per-
sons are not competent to offer medical opinions”), aff’d,
210 F.3d 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2000); Caluza v. Brown, 7 Vet.
App. 498, 507 (1995) (“Section 1154(b) deals with the
question whether a particular disease or injury was
REEVES v. DVA 4
incurred or aggravated in service . . . not the questions of
either current disability or nexus to service . . . .”), aff'd,
78 F.3d 604 (Fed. Cir. 1996) (table).
Here the Board had no need to rely on section 1154(b)
and did not do so. It found that Mr. Reeves had estab-
lished that his initial injury was incurred in service. In
fact, it is undisputed that Mr. Reeves was exposed to loud
noises as a mortar-man during World War II and that he
received a type of malaria medication that can cause a
temporary loss of hearing. The Board concluded, how-
ever, that Mr. Reeves had failed to show that the injury
he incurred in service caused the bilateral nerve-type
hearing loss from which he was suffering in 1983. That is
a factual determination based on the Board’s assessment
of the evidence before it. It does not represent a legal
error consisting of an erroneous failure to apply section
1154(b).
The majority contends that the Board was required to
apply section 1154(b) not only to the issue of in-service
injury, but also to the issue of whether Mr. Reeves “suf-
fered permanent hearing loss while on active duty.” That
analysis, however, conflates the separate requirements to
show in-service injury and to show nexus with a current
disability. The injury that Mr. Reeves incurred was
acoustic trauma, which may or may not lead to perma-
nent hearing loss, as the majority acknowledges. Mr.
Reeves was required to show a nexus between his injury
and the disability of permanent hearing loss, which the
Board in 1983 found he failed to do. Section 1154(b) does
not provide that proof of nexus. Davidson, 581 F.3d at
1315-16 (section 1154(b) “concerns only whether a disease
was incurred or aggravated in service—not whether the
disease was the principal or a contributory cause” of the
disability); see also Leonhardt v. Shinseki, No. 2011-7095,
5 REEVES v. DVA
slip op. at 7 (Fed. Cir. Feb. 21, 2012) (nonprecedential)
(“Simply put, section 1154(b) is directed to the issue of
‘what happened then’—whether a veteran incurred an
injury or disease while on active duty—not to the question
of whether a current disability was caused by an earlier
in-service injury or disease.”); Dalton v. Nicholson, 21 Vet.
App. 23, 37 (2007) (section 1154(b) “does not alter the
fundamental requirements of a current disability or a
medical nexus to service”); Clyburn v. West, 12 Vet. App.
296, 303 (1999) (“the provisions of section 1154(b) do not
provide a substitute for medical-nexus evidence”). 2
The Board’s 2008 decision that is on review in this
case makes that distinction clear. The Board explained
that in its 1983 decision, it had determined that the
evidence showed that Mr. Reeves had “incurred acoustic
trauma and had received treatment for malaria in ser-
vice,” but that the evidence “did not establish a medical
relationship between events in service and the currently
diagnosed hearing loss.” Addressing section 1154(b) and
its implementing regulation, the Board in 2008 stated
that “the combat presumption is operative only as to the
matter of in-service disease or injury. There must still be
2 There are instances in which proof of in-service
incurrence of an injury may suffice by itself to satisfy the
other requirements for compensation. If a servicemember
loses a leg in service, for example, proof of the in-service
injury would effectively establish both the subsequent
disability and the nexus between the disability and the in-
service injury. In a case such as this one, however, the
proof of nexus is not as clear. Where, as here, the vet-
eran’s in-service injury did not necessarily give rise to the
disability—in this case, permanent hearing loss—the
proof of in-service injury through section 1154(b) does not
by itself establish the required nexus between the injury
and the later disability.
REEVES v. DVA 6
shown a relationship between acoustic trauma in service
and later-diagnosed hearing loss. The combat presump-
tion in no way serves to presumptively fill that gap.”
Based on Mr. Reeves’s submission of new evidence
years later, the DVA concluded that his permanent hear-
ing loss was in fact caused by his in-service injury, and
the DVA awarded him disability compensation beginning
at that time. However, the fact that the DVA subse-
quently found Mr. Reeves’s disability to have been caused
by in-service events, based on a more complete eviden-
tiary showing, does not mean that the Board’s earlier
decision in 1983 was incorrect in light of the evidence
before the Board at that time or that it was the product of
legal error. I therefore agree with the Board and the
Veterans Court that the 1983 Board decision did not
contain clear and unmistakable error.
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] |
QUESTION: When you are going to start negotiating about the new resolution against Iran in the Security Council?
MR. MCCORMACK: Well, first of all, we have to see what the Iranians do. Yesterday's announcement by President Ahmadi-Nejad certainly doesn't offer much hope that they're going to move in the right direction on this, talking about expanding the number of centrifuges and talking about introducing UF-6 feedstock into the centrifuges now. I can't -- you know, I can't verify those claims, whether or not they have actually achieved what it is he said that they have achieved.
But one should understand also that no matter whether or not the Iranians have hit all the deadlines that they've set out for themselves, they have proceeded in the general direction which they said they would, meaning they're trying to expand the size of their centrifuge operation.
As for what actions the Security Council is going to take next, that is something that we're going to take up in a formal way at the end of May. There is going to be a report requested by the Security Council from the IAEA on May 24th, I think. So at some point -- some point thereafter the Security Council members can talk about what next steps might be required by either the actions of the Iranian Government or the lack of actions, and lack of action could be a failure to comply with the demand of the international system for them to stop their uranium enrichment activities.
So we'll see. And all along the way I expect that there are going to be informal consultations to do a check of where we are in this process and what next steps might be available to the international system should Iran fail to comply with the requirements of the Security Council and the IAEA.
QUESTION: Because sufficient would be delivered of the political director of the --
MR. MCCORMACK: You know, I can't point to any one specific conversation, but I'm sure at any given moment, you know, Nick Burns is on the phone with some of his political director colleagues and very often he talks about the issue of Iran.
***** QUESTION: Can we stay on the Middle East just for a second? Olmert -- Palestian President Abbas has said that he expects to meet Prime Minister Olmert next week. Can you -- and do you know that that is, in fact, the case, that they plan to meet? And are you --
MR. MCCORMACK: I haven't been able to check myself. I don't have any reason to doubt that that's when they're going to meet. That would be roughly within the timeframe that they outlined for Secretary Rice. So we view that as positive; it's positive that (a) they're meeting their commitments to Secretary Rice, both Prime Minister Olmert and President Abbas, and (b) it's good that they are starting up a conversation that we have encouraged them to have.
QUESTION: And it's not -- I don't mean to be too sort of persnickety about this, but next week would be the third week. It doesn't bother you that it's not every two weeks?
MR. MCCORMACK: No, I mean, I don't -- you know, we're not going to start wagging our finger at them if -- you know, they happen to say, "Well, you know, it's not possible this week. How about next week?" They're going to work that out for themselves. I would note that there have been some major Jewish holidays recently and I know that for some -- as things would around here for our major holidays, have kind of slowed down in the Israeli Government as people take vacation. But the process -- I think it's safe to say that they are moving forward with those discussions and that's good and that's positive.
QUESTION: Sean?
MR. MCCORMACK: Yes, Saul.
QUESTION: The Congress has agreed to provide $60 million to the Palestinian Authority. You've requested 50 million. Do you have any update on this issue?
MR. MCCORMACK: Well, here's the process as I understand it. This is one of these things where the absence of action on the part of Congress allows the Administration to move forward. So there was a congressional notification given March 23rd about our intent, unless otherwise directed by the Congress, to reprogram about $59 million worth of funds for the purposes of training and equipping the Palestinian presidential security forces, as well as making improvements and upgrades both infrastructure-wise as well as security-wise to the Karni crossing.
So it's roughly 43 million for the presidential security forces -- that's non-lethal training and equipping -- and about 16 million for upgrades to the Karni crossing. Congress -- a 15-day period lapsed after March 23rd, which no senator or representative put a hold on the money and, therefore, we can proceed with that program.
***** QUESTION: Another subject. The Iraq neighbors conference, did you have time to look into the comments of the Iranian Foreign Minister who said he was not interested?
MR. MCCORMACK: Well, you know, it's -- I guess it's an odd statement that contradicts previous Iranian statements about promoting greater security, stability in Iraq and essentially having good, transparent neighborly relations with Iraq. That -- this conference is about Iraq, it's not about anything else. Should they choose not to attend, that is obviously their decision. I would leave it to them to explain why they wouldn't attend, whereas they attended a previous envoys -- envoy-level conference, I'm not sure what they're afraid of. It's a conference focused on Iraq and certainly, their presence there would be one signal that they truly have an interest in seeing a more prosperous, more stable, more democratic Iraq.
QUESTION: Would you be disappointed if they didn't come?
MR. MCCORMACK: It's not for us to be disappointed. We're -- it's the Iraqis who are convening the conference. I'll let them talk about how they would feel about it. From our point of view, we think it's important for all of Iraq's neighbors and all states that have an interest in seeing a different kind of Iraq lend their support to Iraq and this is one way to manifest that support. It was a good showing in Baghdad for the neighbors-level envoy meeting. I can't imagine why they wouldn't want to attend this ministerial, but I'll let the Iraqis describe their thoughts on the matter
***** QUESTION: I have a question concerning cleric Moqtada al-Sadr.
MR. MCCORMACK: Mm-hmm.
QUESTION: Do you think to what degree is he in the pocket of the Iranians? And secondly, our news headlines here in Washington today -- the Washington Post say like it or not, the Iranians have to learn to live with the Mahdi Army. And the other is that the Iraqis -- this is in the Washington Times -- want our troops and our infrastructure out of Iraq. What do you make of those headlines and also what do you make of the behavior of Moqtada al-Sadr?
MR. MCCORMACK: Well, to borrow a line from many reports that I talk to on a daily basis, I don't write the headlines. (Laughter.)
As for -- a delayed reaction here -- (laughter) -- finally caught on. You guys have to wake up a little bit. Look, Joel, as for the relationship between Moqtada al-Sadr and the Iranians, I will let the Iranians or Moqtada al-Sadr speak to that. He is -- at this point, chosen to play a role in the political process and we would encourage him to play a positive constructive role in that political process. Iraq faces a lot of challenges and what it doesn't need is people within the political process trying to obstruct or stand in the way of progress. I'm not saying that that's what he's doing but it certainly -- Iraq needs all of its sons and daughters to answer the call to try to build a better state. | [
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<docs>
<doc>
<members>
<member name="M:Amazon.CodeBuild.IAmazonCodeBuild.BatchGetBuilds(Amazon.CodeBuild.Model.BatchGetBuildsRequest)" />
<member name="M:Amazon.CodeBuild.AmazonCodeBuildClient.BatchGetBuilds(Amazon.CodeBuild.Model.BatchGetBuildsRequest)" />
<member name="T:Amazon.CodeBuild.Model.BatchGetBuildsRequest" />
<member name="T:Amazon.CodeBuild.Model.BatchGetBuildsResponse" />
</members>
<value>
<example>
<para>
The following example gets information about builds with the specified build IDs.
</para>
<code
title="To get information about builds"
source=".\AWSSDKDocSamples\CodeBuild\CodeBuild.GeneratedSamples.cs"
region="to-get-information-about-builds-1501187184588" />
</example>
</value>
</doc>
</docs> | [
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Need mentorship to move from tech skilled to tech employable? LaunchCode can help
Even with all of the amazing code schools—both online and in person—there’s still a significant gap between being proficient in software development and employable in software development. But where are folks supposed to get the guidance and experience they need to close the gap? That’s what LaunchCode is working to do with its Liftoff: All-In<tech> initiative.
Liftoff: All-In<tech> is a targeted program for candidates in the Portland and Seattle areas from traditionally marginalized groups with existing tech skills. Students are selected through an application process and, once selected, can enroll in the program at no cost. Our experienced mentors and teaching fellows will teach you material focused on what local hiring managers are asking for, customized for your needs over three months of programming plus three months of ongoing support.
Share this:
Published by Rick Turoczy
More than mildly obsessed with the Portland startup community. Founder and editor at Silicon Florist. Cofounder and general manager at PIE. Follow me on Twitter: @turoczy
View all posts by Rick Turoczy | [
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] |
Filed 9/8/15
CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION FIVE
FACEBOOK, INC., et al.,
Petitioners,
v.
THE SUPERIOR COURT OF SAN A144315
FRANCISCO CITY AND COUNTY,
(San Francisco City and County
Respondent; Super. Ct. Nos. 13035657, 13035658)
DERRICK D. HUNTER et al.,
Real Parties in Interest.
Use of social media, in its myriad of forms, has become ubiquitous in our society.
Petitioners Facebook, Inc. (Facebook), Instagram, LLC (Instagram), and Twitter, Inc.
(Twitter) each provide digital platforms on which users may post communications,
commentary, photographs, video clips, or other items the user may wish to share within a
social network. Evidence gathered from social media is becoming equally ubiquitous in
our courtrooms. Real parties in interest Derrick Hunter and Lee Sullivan (Defendants)
were indicted, and await trial, on murder, weapons, and gang-related charges stemming
from a drive-by shooting. Each of the Defendants served a subpoena duces tecum on one
or more of the petitioners seeking both public and private content from user accounts of
the murder victim and a witness.
Petitioners moved to quash the subpoenas, objecting under the federal Stored
Communications Act (SCA or Act) (§ 18 U.S.C. § 2701 et seq.)1 to the compelled
1
Undesignated statutory references are to title 18 of the United States Code.
1
disclosure of the content of their users’ electronic communications. Section 2702(a)
provides that electronic communication services “shall not knowingly divulge” the
contents of a user communication to anyone, with limited exceptions (§ 2702(b)).
Defendants responded that the requested information is necessary to properly defend
against the pending charges, and that any statutory privacy protections afforded a social
media user must yield to a criminal defendant’s constitutional rights to due process,
presentation of a complete defense, and effective assistance of counsel.2
The trial court denied petitioners’ motions to quash and ordered petitioners to
produce responsive material for in camera review. Petitioners filed the instant petition
for writ of mandate and/or prohibition in this court. We issued an order staying the
production order and requested opposition. After consideration of Defendants’ answer,
and petitioners’ reply thereto, we denied Defendants’ request to dissolve the temporary
stay and issued an order requiring the respondent superior court to show cause why the
relief requested by petitioners should not be granted. We now grant the petition and
direct the trial court to issue an order quashing the subpoenas.
I. FACTUAL CONTEXT AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY3
On June 24, 2013, Jaquan Rice, Jr., was killed and B.K., a minor, was seriously
injured in a drive-by shooting in the Bayview District of San Francisco. The vehicle used
in the shooting was identified by surveillance video. While of poor quality, the video
depicts one individual shooting a handgun from the rear passenger window on the
driver’s side. A second individual is seen exiting the rear passenger-side door and
shooting from behind the rear of the vehicle with a handgun with a large attached
magazine. The driver of the vehicle was not visible, but witnesses indicated that a
2
As noted post, the record before us is not clear that Hunter joined in opposition
to the motions to quash below, but he has formally joined in Sullivan’s arguments in this
court. For simplicity’s sake, we refer to opposition below as that of the Defendants’
collectively.
3
We recite the facts as set forth by Defendants’ opposition in the trial court, and
we accept those facts as true for purposes of the petition unless specifically controverted
by petitioners.
2
woman was driving. Within minutes of the shooting, prosecution witness Renesha Lee
was stopped driving the vehicle. She was the sole occupant.
Hunter’s 14-year-old brother was identified by several eyewitness as one of the
shooters, and he confessed to the shooting when questioned by police.4 Hunter’s brother
told police that he shot Rice because Rice had repeatedly threatened him in person and in
social media postings on Facebook and Instagram. Rice also had “tagged” the boy in a
video clip posted on Instagram that depicted guns.
Lee is Sullivan’s former girlfriend. Lee gave varying accounts of the events of
June 24, 2013, but ultimately told police that Defendants and Hunter’s brother borrowed
her car and took her home prior to the shooting.
In presenting the case to the grand jury, the prosecution contended that Defendants
and Hunter’s brother were members of Big Block, a criminal street gang, and that Rice
was killed because he was a member of West Mob, a rival gang, and because Rice had
publicly threatened Hunter’s brother. In testimony before the grand jury, Inspector
Leonard Broberg, a gang expert from the San Francisco Police Department Gang Task
Force, opined that the murder and attempted murder were committed for the benefit of
Big Block. Broberg testified that “gangsters are now in the 21st century and they have
taken on a new aspect of being gangbangers, and they do something called cyber
banging. They will actually be gangsters on the internet. They will issue challenges; will
show signs of disrespect, whether it’s via images or whether it’s via the written word . . .
Facebook, Instagram, Socialcam, Vine . . . [.] [¶] . . . They will disrespect each other in
cyberspace.” Broberg described for the grand jury a video posted by Rice on Facebook
in which he rapped while giving a tour of his gang neighborhood and pointed out areas
where he could be found if rival gang members wanted to find him, including the location
where Rice was shot. In a subsequent declaration, Broberg averred that he “rel[ies]
heavily on records from social media providers such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter
4
Hunter’s brother was tried in juvenile court and found guilty of Rice’s murder
and the attempted murder of B.K.
3
to investigate and prosecute alleged gang members for gang crime.” Broberg said that he
regularly relied on social media records in forming an opinion whether a particular crime
is gang related. Broberg also said he relied, in part, on social media records as evidence
that Rice and the Defendants were members of rival gangs and that the drive-by shooting
was gang related.
Defendants were indicted and stand charged with, inter alia, the murder of Rice
and the attempted murder of B.K. (Pen. Code, §§ 187, 664). Gang and firearm
enhancements are alleged as to both Defendants in the indictment. (Id., §§ 186.22,
subd. (b)(1), 12022, subd. (a), 12022.53, subds. (d) & (e)(1).)
Sullivan’s counsel served subpoenas duces tecum (Pen. Code, § 1326, subd. (b))
on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, seeking records from the social media accounts of
Rice and Lee. As to Facebook, the subpoena seeks “[a]ny and all public and private
content,” including, but “not limited to user information, associated email addresses,
photographs, videos, private messages, activity logs, posts, status updates, location data,
and comments including information deleted by the account holder” for accounts
belonging to Rice and to Lee. As to Instagram, the subpoena seeks “[a]ny and all public
and private content,” including, but “not limited to user information, associated email
addresses, photographs, videos, private messages, activity logs, posts, location data, and
comments,” as well as “data deleted by the account holder” associated with accounts
belonging to Rice and Lee. Sullivan’s subpoena to Twitter seeks similar information as
to Lee only. Hunter’s subpoena to Twitter seeks a subset of that information for “all
accounts” registered to Lee. Sullivan’s subpoenas also seek the identity of the custodian
of records for petitioners who could authenticate the requested records.
Petitioners moved to quash the subpoenas, arguing that disclosure of the
information sought was barred by the SCA. Defendants opposed, contending that their
constitutional rights to present a complete defense, cross-examine witnesses, and a fair
trial prevailed over the privacy rights of account holders under the SCA. In an offer of
proof as to Lee’s social media records, Sullivan alleged that Lee was the only witness
who implicated him in the shootings, that the records would demonstrate Lee was
4
motivated by jealous rage over Sullivan’s involvement with other women, and that Lee
had repeatedly threatened others with violence. Sullivan cited examples of postings on
what he said was Lee’s Twitter account that included a photograph of Lee holding a gun
and making specific threats. In his offer of proof as to Rice’s social media records,
Sullivan said review of the records was required to “locate exculpatory evidence” and to
confront and cross-examine Broberg. Sullivan cited Broberg’s grand jury testimony and
attached examples to his opposition of what he alleged were screen shots of violent video
postings by Rice, asserting that the subpoenaed records would show that Rice was “a
violent criminal who routinely posted rap videos and other posts threatening [Hunter’s
brother] and other individuals.”
Hearings on the motions to quash were held on January 7 and 22, 2015. The trial
court denied petitioners’ motions to quash, and ordered petitioners to produce responsive
material for an in camera review by February 27.5 Petitioners filed a petition for writ of
mandate in this court contending that the trial court abused its discretion in denying the
motion to quash, and seeking a stay of the order to produce the requested materials. On
February 26, we stayed the production order pending consideration of the petition and
requested opposition. Sullivan submitted an answer, in which Hunter joined. On
March 30, we issued an order to show cause to the respondent superior court why the
relief requested in the petition should not be granted, and we declined Defendants’
request to dissolve the stay. Sullivan filed a return to the order to show cause, in which
Hunter joined, and to which petitioners filed a reply.6
5
Hunter apparently did not oppose Twitter’s motion to quash his subpoena, but
the trial court nonetheless denied that motion on the same basis as its denial of the
motions to quash Sullivan’s subpoenas.
6
We subsequently granted application of the Public Defender of the City and
County of San Francisco to appear as amicus curiae on behalf of the respondent trial
court and Defendants. We also granted the applications of California Attorneys for
Criminal Justice, the California Public Defenders Association, and the Public Defender of
Ventura County to appear as amici curiae on behalf of Defendants.
5
II. DISCUSSION
The issues of statutory interpretation and constitutional challenges presented are
purely ones of law. We therefore exercise de novo review and accord no deference to the
trial court’s ruling. (People ex rel. Lockyer v. Sun Pacific Farming Co. (2000)
77 Cal.App.4th 619, 632.)
A. Petitioners
Petitioners operate social networking sites. Social network sites are Web-based
services that allow individuals to create a public profile, create a list of users with whom
to share connections, and view their list of connections and those made by others within
the system. (Boyd & Ellison, Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship
(2008) 13 J. of Computer-Mediated Comm. 210, 211.)
Facebook was founded in 2004 and is an online social networking service. After
registering to use the site, users can create a user profile, add other users as “friends,”
exchange messages, post status updates and photos, share videos and receive notifications
when others update their profiles. As of June 2015, it claimed 968 million daily active
users, and 1.49 billion monthly active users. (Facebook, Company Info
<https://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/> [as of Sept. 8, 2015].) Instagram was
launched in 2010, and is an online mobile photo-sharing, video-sharing and social
networking service that enables its users to take pictures and videos, and share them on
other social networking platforms. It reports 300 million monthly active users, posting an
average of 70 million photographs per day, and over 30 billion photographs shared on its
site. (Instagram, Our Story <https://instagram.com/press/> [as of Sept. 8, 2015].)
Twitter was created in 2006 and is a public social networking website where users can
write and respond to short messages called “tweets.” Registered users can read and post
tweets, but unregistered users can only read them. Twitter has its own integrated photo-
sharing service that enables users to upload a photo and attach it to a tweet. Twitter
messages are public, but users can also send private messages. Twitter reports that, as of
June 2015, it had more than 500 million tweets sent per day and more than 316 million
6
monthly active users. (Twitter, Company <https://about.twitter.com/company> [as of
Sept. 8, 2015].)
B. The SCA
The SCA is a part of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (Pub.L. No. 99-
508 (Oct. 21, 1986) 100 Stat. 1860). (See Stuckey & Ellis, Internet and Online Law
(2015) § 5.02[4], p. 5-18.1 (rel. # 37).) “The [Electronic Communications] Privacy Act
creates a zone of privacy to protect internet subscribers from having their personal
information wrongfully used and publicly disclosed by ‘unauthorized private parties.’ ”
(In re Subpoena Duces Tecum to AOL, LLC (E.D.Va. 2008) 550 F.Supp.2d 606, 610.)
Congress’s intention in enacting the SCA was to protect from disclosure private, personal
information that happens to be stored electronically. (AOL, at p. 610, citing Sen.Rep.
No. 99-541, p. 3 (1986), reprinted in 1986 U.S. Code Cong. & Admin. News, pp. 3555,
3557.)
“The SCA declares that, subject to certain conditions and exceptions, ‘a person or
entity providing an electronic communication service to the public shall not knowingly
divulge to any person or entity the contents of a communication while in electronic
storage by that service . . . .’ ( . . . § 2702(a)(1).) Similarly, but subject to certain
additional conditions, ‘a person or entity providing remote computing service to the
public shall not knowingly divulge to any person or entity the contents of any
communication which is carried or maintained on that service . . . .’ ( . . . § 2702(a)(2).)”
(O’Grady v. Superior Court (2006) 139 Cal.App.4th 1423, 1440 (O’Grady).) The SCA
“protects individuals’ privacy and proprietary interests. The Act reflects Congress’s
judgment that users have a legitimate interest in the confidentiality of communications in
electronic storage at a communications facility. Just as trespass protects those who rent
space from a commercial storage facility to hold sensitive documents, [citation], the Act
protects users whose electronic communications are in electronic storage with an
[Internet Service Provider] or other electronic communications facility.” (Theofel v.
Farey-Jones (9th Cir. 2004) 359 F.3d 1066, 1072–1073.) It is undisputed that the
materials Defendants seek here are subject to the SCA’s protections.
7
“The SCA enumerates several exceptions to the rule that service providers may
not disclose the contents of stored messages. Among the disclosures authorized are those
that are incidental to the provision of the intended service (see . . . § 2702(b)(1), (4), (5));
incidental to the protection of the rights or property of the service provider ( . . .
§ 2702(b)(5)); made with the consent of a party to the communication or, in some cases,
the consent of the subscriber (see . . . § 2702(b)(3)); related to child abuse ( . . .
§ 2702(b)(6)); made to public agents or entities under certain conditions ( . . .
§ 2702(b)(7), (8)); related to authorized wiretaps ( . . . §§ 2702(b)(2), 2517,
2511(2)(a)(ii)); or made in compliance with certain criminal or administrative subpoenas
issued in compliance with federal procedures ( . . . §§ 2702(b)(2), 2703).” (O’Grady,
supra, 139 Cal.App.4th at p. 1441.) “ ‘All other disclosures—including disclosures of
content pursuant to a third party subpoena in civil litigation—are prohibited.’ ” (Id. at
p. 1443, fn. 10; Stuckey & Ellis, Internet and Online Law, supra, § 5.02[4][b], p. 5-19
(rel. # 37).)
In O’Grady, Apple Computer sought and obtained authority from the trial court,
inter alia, to subpoena information from an e-mail service provider for a Web site
publisher in order to identify the source of unauthorized publication of Apple’s
confidential product information. The trial court denied the provider’s request for a
protective order. (O’Grady, supra, 139 Cal.App.4th at p. 1431.) Construing the absence
of any exception for civil discovery subpoenas in the text of the statute as intentional, the
Sixth District reversed and held that the subpoena to the e-mail service provider “cannot
be enforced consistent with the plain terms of the [SCA].” (O’Grady, at pp. 1432, 1447.)
Federal decisions are in accord. (See Mintz v. Mark Bartelstein & Associates, Inc.
(C.D.Cal. 2012) 885 F.Supp.2d 987, 991–992 [“[t]he SCA does not contain an exception
for civil discovery subpoenas”]; Crispin v. Christian Audigier, Inc. (C.D.Cal. 2010) 717
F.Supp.2d 965, 976 [same]; In re Subpoena Duces Tecum to AOL, LLC, supra, 550
F.Supp.2d at p. 611 [“the clear and unambiguous language of § 2702 . . . does not include
an exception for the disclosure of electronic communications pursuant to civil discovery
subpoenas”]; Flagg v. City of Detroit (E.D.Mich. 2008) 252 F.R.D. 346, 350 [“§ 2702 . . .
8
lacks any language that explicitly authorizes a service provider to divulge the contents of
a communication pursuant to a subpoena or court order”]; Viacom Intern. Inc. v. Youtube
Inc. (S.D.N.Y. 2008) 253 F.R.D. 256, 264 [Ҥ 2702 contains no exception for disclosure
of [private videos and data revealing their contents] pursuant to civil discovery
requests”].)
In the criminal context, the SCA provides for disclosure of the content of an
electronic communication to a governmental agency, without notice to the subscriber or
customer, “only pursuant to a warrant issued using the procedures described in the
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (or, in the case of a State court, issued using State
warrant procedures) by a court of competent jurisdiction.” (§ 2703(a), (b)(1)(A).)7
Disclosure of the communication content may also be compelled by a “governmental
entity,” with notice to the subscriber by (1) “administrative subpoena authorized by a
Federal or State statute or a Federal or State grand jury or trial subpoena”
(§ 2703(b)(1)(B)(i)); or (2) a court order for disclosure “only if the governmental entity
offers specific and articulable facts showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe
that the contents of a wire or electronic communication, or the records or other
information sought, are relevant and material to an ongoing criminal investigation”
(§ 2703(d), (b)(1)(B)(ii)). Several courts have recognized that users have a Fourth
Amendment reasonable expectation of privacy in electronic communications “ ‘that are
stored with, or sent or received through, a commercial [Internet Service Provider]’ ” and
that a warrant, based on probable cause, may be required to obtain communication
content. (U.S. v. Warshak (6th Cir. 2010) 631 F.3d 266, 288 [holding the SCA
unconstitutional to the extent that it would permit the government to obtain the content of
the defendant’s e-mails without a warrant]; see U.S. v. Hanna (6th Cir. 2011) 661 F.3d
271, 287 & fn. 4; U.S. v. Lucas (6th Cir. 2011) 640 F.3d 168, 178.) “As some forms of
7
In the instant case, the People obtained and served search warrants for several of
Rice’s social media communications.
9
communication begin to diminish, the Fourth Amendment must recognize and protect
nascent ones that arise.” (Warshak, at p. 286.)
The SCA provides no direct mechanism for access by a criminal defendant to
private communication content, and “California’s discovery laws cannot be enforced in a
way that compels . . . disclosures violating the Act.” (Negro v. Superior Court (2014)
230 Cal.App.4th 879, 889; id. at p. 888; see O’Grady, supra, 139 Cal.App.4th at p. 1451
[enforcing civil subpoenas to obtain identities of sources of published content from e-
mail service providers would violate SCA and offend the principle of federal
supremacy].)
Defendants insist that, notwithstanding constraints of the SCA, the subpoenaed
materials are necessary to ensure their right to present a complete defense to the charges
against them, and that their Fifth Amendment guarantee of due process and Sixth
Amendment right to compulsory process are implicated. (See Holmes v. South Carolina
(2006) 547 U.S. 319, 324 [federal Constitution guarantees criminal defendants a
meaningful opportunity to present a complete defense].) Moreover, they argue that their
Sixth Amendment rights to effective assistance of counsel and confrontation of the
witnesses against them require that they be given the opportunity to conduct reasonable
pretrial investigation of the prosecution’s case. Defendants, and amici curiae, assert that
the SCA is unconstitutional to the extent that it precludes access by a criminal defendant
to information potentially material to his or her defense. We think that Defendants
overstate the extent of constitutional support for their claims.
C. Criminal Defense Discovery
“There is no general constitutional right to discovery in a criminal case, and . . .
‘[t]he Due Process Clause has little to say regarding the amount of discovery which the
parties must be afforded . . . .’ ” (Weatherford v. Bursey (1977) 429 U.S. 545, 559; see
United States v. Ruiz (2002) 536 U.S. 622, 629; Wardius v. Oregon (1973) 412 U.S. 470,
474.) In California, at least as to nonprivileged information, “[t]he defendant generally is
entitled to discovery of information that will assist in his defense or be useful for
10
impeachment or cross-examination of adverse witnesses.” (People v. Jenkins (2000)
22 Cal.4th 900, 953.)
1. Sixth Amendment
The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects both the right of
confrontation and the right of compulsory process: “In all criminal prosecutions, the
accused shall enjoy the right . . . to be confronted with the witnesses against him; [and] to
have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor.” Both clauses are binding
on the States under the Fourteenth Amendment. (Pointer v. Texas (1965) 380 U.S. 400,
403–406 [confrontation clause]; Washington v. Texas (1967) 388 U.S. 14, 17–19
[compulsory process clause].)
a. Confrontation/Cross-Examination
“The Confrontation clause provides two types of protections for a criminal
defendant: the right physically to face those who testify against him, and the right to
conduct cross-examination.” (Pennsylvania v. Ritchie (1987) 480 U.S. 39, 51 (plur. opn.
Powell, J.) (Ritchie), citing Delaware v. Fensterer (1985) 474 U.S. 15, 18–19.)
In Davis v. Alaska (1974) 415 U.S. 308, 320–321 (Davis), the Supreme Court
found a violation of the confrontation clause in a trial court’s refusal to allow the
defendant to impeach at trial the credibility of a key prosecution witness with the
witness’s probationary status resulting from a juvenile delinquency adjudication. The
trial court granted a prosecution protective order, precluding cross-examination
concerning the witness’s juvenile record, on the basis that the records were confidential
under Alaska law. (Id. at p. 311 & fns. 1, 2.) Noting that the “primary interest” secured
by the right of confrontation is the right of cross-examination (id. at p. 315), the Supreme
Court found that the state’s policy interest in protecting the confidentiality of a juvenile
offender’s record “cannot require yielding of so vital a constitutional right as the effective
cross-examination for bias of an adverse witness.” (Id. at p. 320.)
Subsequently, in Ritchie, the Supreme Court considered the application of Davis
to pretrial discovery. While no majority consensus emerged concerning the proper
application of the confrontation clause to the pretrial discovery issue presented, four
11
justices expressed the view that “the right to confrontation is a trial right . . . .” (Ritchie,
supra, 480 U.S. at p. 52 (plur. opn. of Powell, J.); People v. Hammon (1997) 15 Cal.4th
1117, 1126 (Hammon).) The defendant, Ritchie, was convicted of various sexual
offenses with his minor daughter. Prior to trial, Ritchie attempted to subpoena
confidential records from a state protective services agency which had investigated the
abuse allegations. The agency refused to comply with the subpoena, claiming that the
records were privileged under Pennsylvania law. Ritchie argued that he was entitled to
information in the agency file because it might contain the names of favorable witnesses,
as well as other, unspecified exculpatory evidence. The trial judge declined to order
production. (Ritchie, at pp. 43–45.) The high court of Pennsylvania concluded that
“Ritchie, through his lawyer, [was] entitled to review the entire file to search for any
useful evidence.” (Id. at p. 46, fn. omitted.) Applying a due process analysis, the
Supreme Court majority rejected the idea that a defendant’s right to discover exculpatory
evidence would include “unsupervised authority to search through the [agency] files.”
(Ritchie, supra, 480 U.S. at p. 59; see id. at pp. 58–61 [concluding in camera review of
agency file sufficient to protect Ritchie’s interests].)
A plurality of the Supreme Court also rejected the view that the trial court
interfered with Ritchie’s confrontation clause right of cross-examination by denying him
pretrial access to information he contended was necessary to prepare his defense. (Id. at
p. 51 (plur. opn. Powell, J.).) “The opinions of this Court show that the right to
confrontation is a trial right, designed to prevent improper restrictions on the types of
questions that defense counsel may ask during cross-examination” and “[n]othing in the
case law” supports the view that the confrontation clause creates “a constitutionally
compelled rule of pretrial discovery.” (Id. at p. 52.) The plurality found that Ritchie’s
due process rights were sufficiently protected by in camera review at trial of the
confidential files to determine if they contained information material to his defense.8 (Id.
8
Three justices indicated that, in some circumstances, denial of a defendant’s
pretrial access to information that is needed for effective cross-examination could violate
the confrontation clause. (Ritchie, supra, 480 U.S. at pp. 61–66 (conc. opn. of
12
at pp. 53–54; see Weatherford v. Bursey, supra, 429 U.S. at pp. 547, 559 [no due process
violation in prosecution’s pretrial failure to reveal identity of undercover informant
whose trial testimony was unfavorable to the defendant].)
Our own Supreme Court has repeatedly declined to recognize a Sixth Amendment
right to defense pretrial discovery of otherwise privileged or confidential information. In
People v. Webb (1993) 6 Cal.4th 494, the defense subpoenaed psychiatric records of a
witness in a capital murder case, arguing entitlement to any information in the records
affecting the competence or credibility of the witness in order to “ ‘fairly cross-
examine’ ” her. (Id. at p. 516.) The trial court conducted in camera review of the records
and provided limited disclosure. The defendant, citing Ritchie, contended that limited
pretrial disclosure of the psychiatric records prejudicially undermined his right to cross-
examine the witness effectively at trial. (Webb, at p. 517.) The court refused to read
Ritchie as broadly as defendant urged, and questioned whether the defendant had any
constitutional right to examine the records at all, even if material, in light of the strong
policy protecting a patient’s treatment history. “Simply stated, it is not clear whether or
to what extent the confrontation or compulsory process clauses of the Sixth Amendment
grant pretrial discovery rights to the accused.” (Webb, at pp. 517–518.)
Our high court again considered the extent of pretrial defense discovery of
otherwise privileged information in Hammon, supra, 15 Cal.4th 1117. In that case, the
defense served subpoenas duces tecum on psychotherapists who had treated the
complaining witness in a sexual molestation case, claiming the records would be
necessary to challenge the witness’s credibility. The trial court granted the People’s
motion to quash the subpoenas. (Id. at pp. 1119–1121.) Noting the lack of a majority
consensus in Ritchie on the proper application of the confrontation clause, the Hammon
court observed that “it is not at all clear ‘whether or to what extent the confrontation or
Blackmun, J.); id. at pp. 66–72 (dis. opn. of Brennan, J.).) The two remaining justices
expressed no view on this issue. (See id. at pp. 72–78 (dis. opn. of Stevens, J.
[concluding that the writ of certiorari should have been dismissed for want of a final
judgment].)
13
compulsory process clauses of the Sixth Amendment grant pretrial discovery rights to the
accused.’ ” (Hammon, at p. 1126.)
In declining to extend a defendant’s Sixth Amendment rights of confrontation and
cross-examination to authorize pretrial disclosure of privileged information, our Supreme
Court expressly overruled a series of intermediate appellate cases interpreting Davis,
supra, 415 U.S. 308, to require pretrial disclosure of privileged information when a
defendant’s need for the information outweighed the confidentiality interest. (Hammon,
supra, 15 Cal.4th at p. 1123.) The Hammon court found that People v. Reber (1986)
177 Cal.App.3d 523 (permitting pretrial discovery of a complaining witness’s
psychotherapy records) and cases following that decision were “not correct.” (Hammon,
at p. 1123.) “In authorizing disclosure before trial . . . Reber went farther than Davis
required, with insufficient justification.” (Hammon, at p. 1123.) “We do not . . . see an
adequate justification for taking such a long step in a direction the United States Supreme
Court has not gone.” (Id. at p. 1127.) The high court recognized that at trial, a trial court
might be called upon to balance a defendant’s need for cross-examination and the
policies supporting a statutory or constitutional privilege, but also noted that entertaining
such requests pretrial—when the trial court would not typically have sufficient
information to conduct the inquiry—presented a serious risk of unnecessary invasion of
statutory privilege. (Ibid.)
In Alvarado v. Superior Court (2000) 23 Cal.4th 1121, the trial court issued
protective orders in a jail homicide case, permitting the prosecution to withhold the
names of witnesses, both pretrial and during testimony at trial. (Id. at pp. 1128–1130.)
The Supreme Court found the order valid to the extent it permitted pretrial nondisclosure
of the witnesses’ identities, rejecting the argument that nondisclosure violated the
defendants’ constitutional rights to due process of law and to confront the witnesses
against them.9 (Id. at pp. 1132, 1134–1136; see Weatherford v. Bursey, supra, 429 U.S.
9
As we discuss post, the court in Hammon, supra, 15 Cal.4th 1117, suggested a
different result regarding nondisclosure at trial.
14
at pp. 559–561 [no constitutional violation where prosecution surprised the defendant at
trial by calling to the stand a previously undisclosed witness].) In People v. Valdez
(2012) 55 Cal.4th 82, our high court again approved a trial court order, issued pursuant to
Penal Code section 1054.7,10 delaying and limiting disclosure of the identities of
prosecution witnesses to protect the safety of those witnesses. (Valdez, at pp. 101–105.)
The court again found no authority for any contention that “section 1054.7, insofar as it
authorizes ‘the denial of pretrial disclosure’ based on concerns for witness safety, is
‘unconstitutional under either the confrontation or the due process clause.’ ” (Valdez, at
p. 106; see People v. Maciel (2013) 57 Cal.4th 482, 506–510 [rejecting similar claims by
a different defendant regarding the same protective orders].)
In sum, there is little, if any, support for Defendants’ claim that the confrontation
clause of the Sixth Amendment mandates disclosure of otherwise privileged information
for purposes of a defendant’s pretrial investigation of the prosecution’s case.
b. Compulsory Process
We find even less support for Defendants’ contention that the compulsory process
clause of the Sixth Amendment separately authorizes the trial court’s order here. The
Supreme Court “has had little occasion to discuss the contours of the Compulsory
Process Clause.” (Ritchie, supra, 480 U.S. at p. 55.) The cases provide that “at a
minimum . . . criminal defendants have the right to the government’s assistance in
compelling the attendance of favorable witnesses at trial and the right to put before a jury
evidence that might influence the determination of guilt.” (Id. at p. 56, italics added,
citing Chambers v. Mississippi (1973) 410 U.S. 284, Cool v. United States (1972)
409 U.S. 100, and Washington v. Texas, supra, 388 U.S. 14.) The Ritchie majority
concluded that “compulsory process provides no greater protections in this area than
10
Penal Code section 1054.7 permits disclosure of discovery information
otherwise required to be provided to a criminal defendant at least 30 days before trial to
be “denied, restricted, or deferred” for “good cause,” limited to “threats or possible
danger to the safety of a victim or witness, possible loss or destruction of evidence, or
possible compromise of other investigations by law enforcement.”
15
those afforded by due process,” and that claims such as this are better evaluated “under
the broader protections of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment”
addressing the fundamental fairness of trials. (Ritchie, at p. 56.)
Our own Supreme Court has rejected a claim that a defendant was denied his Sixth
Amendment right to effective counsel when he was denied access to an FBI database for
use in cross-examination of a prosecution expert, allegedly thereby compromising his
right to present a meaningful defense, a fair opportunity to be heard, and the
constitutional right to reliable factfinding. (People v. Prince (2007) 40 Cal.4th 1179,
1233–1234.) Similar to Defendants’ contentions here, Prince argued that lack of access
to the database “ ‘depriv[ed] [him] of evidence clearly bearing on the credibility of key
prosecution witnesses.’ ” (Id. at p. 1234.) Finding it unnecessary to address the claim on
evidence in the record, the court nevertheless noted that “[t]o the extent defendant’s claim
concerns pretrial discovery and is based upon the confrontation or compulsory process
clauses of the Sixth Amendment, it is on a weak footing. ‘As we have previously
observed, in light of the divided views of the justices of the Supreme Court . . . it is not at
all clear “whether or to what extent the confrontation or compulsory process clauses of
the Sixth Amendment grant pretrial discovery rights to the accused.” ’ ” (Prince, at
p. 1234 & fn. 10; see People v. Clark (2011) 52 Cal.4th 856, 982–983 [rejecting a claim
that failure to disclose witness’s misdemeanor conviction prior to guilt phase of capital
trial deprived defendant of compulsory process and confrontation rights, and declining to
“recognize a Sixth Amendment violation when a defendant is denied discovery that
results in a significant impairment of his ability to investigate and cross-examine a
witness”].)
2. Fifth Amendment and Due Process
Defendants and amici curiae argue that failure to provide pretrial discovery would
deny Defendants their due process rights to meaningfully prepare and present a defense
to the charges against them. They more broadly assert that the SCA is unconstitutional to
the extent that it denies them access to information available to the prosecution through
search warrant, subpoena, or court order.
16
To prevail on a claim that a statute violates due process, a defendant “must carry a
heavy burden. The courts will presume a statute is constitutional unless its
unconstitutionality clearly, positively, and unmistakably appears; all presumptions and
intendments favor its validity. [Citations.] In the due process context, defendant must
show that [the statute] offends some principle of justice so rooted in the traditions and
conscience of our people as to be ranked as fundamental.” (People v. Falsetta (1999)
21 Cal.4th 903, 912–913; see Patterson v. New York (1977) 432 U.S. 197, 201–202.)
Fundamental principles of justice are those “ ‘ “ ‘which lie at the base of our civil and
political institutions’ [citation] and which define ‘the community’s sense of fair play and
decency.’ ” ’ ” (Falsetta, at p. 913, quoting Dowling v. United States (1990) 493 U.S.
342, 353.)
The observation of the United States Supreme Court that “ ‘[t]he Due Process
Clause has little to say regarding the amount of discovery which the parties must be
afforded . . . .’ ” (Wardius v. Oregon, supra, 412 U.S. at p. 474; Weatherford v. Bursey,
supra, 429 U.S. at p. 559) has been repeated often by our own high court. (People v.
Williams (2013) 58 Cal.4th 197, 259; People v. Maciel, supra, 57 Cal.4th at p. 508;
People v. Valdez, supra, 55 Cal.4th at pp. 109–110.) In City of Los Angeles v. Superior
Court (2002) 29 Cal.4th 1, our Supreme Court rejected a due process challenge to
Evidence Code section 1045, subdivision (b), limiting defense discovery of complaints of
police officer misconduct to a five year window. The defendant argued that enforcement
of the limitation would unduly infringe his right to a fair trial, and that information older
than five years old might qualify as evidence favorable to the accused that is material to
guilt or punishment under Brady v. Maryland (1963) 373 U.S. 83 (Brady). (City of Los
Angeles, at p. 7.) The court found no due process “fundamental principle of justice”
implicated. (Id. at p. 12.) The court has separately observed that Brady merely serves
“ ‘to restrict the prosecution’s ability to suppress evidence rather than to provide the
accused a right to criminal discovery.’ ” (People v. Morrison (2004) 34 Cal.4th 698, 715,
italics added.)
17
D. Other Access to Information and Reciprocity
As petitioners correctly note, Defendants are not wholly precluded from access to
much of the information that they now seek by subpoena. The prosecution has obtained
at least some of Rice’s Facebook and Instagram communications pursuant to search
warrant, as authorized by the SCA.11 Defendants do not suggest why they would not be
entitled to receive copies of those communications, either as general criminal discovery
required under Penal Code section 1054.1,12 or as potentially exculpatory Brady material.
11
Defendants argued in the trial court, and contend here, that production of
subscriber information, including complete social media profiles for Lee and Rice, is
necessary to permit authentication of relevant postings already in their possession.
Petitioners assert that the subscriber data is unnecessary for this purpose since actual
postings may be self-authenticating. (See People v. Valdez (2011) 201 Cal.App.4th 1429,
1435 [printouts of MySpace Web pages sufficiently authenticated by personal
photographs, communications, and other details confirming that the pages belonged to
defendant]; see also Evid. Code, §§ 1410 [no restriction on “the means by which a
writing may be authenticated”], 1421 [authenticity may be established by the contents of
the writing]; Joseph, Authentication: What Every Judge and Lawyer Needs to Know
About Electronic Evidence (Autumn 2015) 99 Judicature 49, 51–53.) Petitioners further
disclaim any ability to actually confirm the identity of the person or persons making a
posting on a user account. Defendants and amici curiae point to the difficulties
encountered at the juvenile court trial of Hunter’s brother when Lee refused to
acknowledge what Defendants believe to be postings on her Twitter account that included
a photograph of Lee holding a gun and making threats of violence to others. This conflict
merely serves to bolster our conclusion that the necessity of disclosure is best determined
by a trial judge in the context of the evidence presented at trial.
12
Penal Code section 1054.1 provides, “The prosecuting attorney shall disclose to
the defendant or his or her attorney all of the following materials and information, if it is
in the possession of the prosecuting attorney or if the prosecuting attorney knows it to be
in the possession of the investigating agencies: (a) The names and addresses of persons
the prosecutor intends to call as witnesses at trial. (b) Statements of all defendants. (c) All
relevant real evidence seized or obtained as a part of the investigation of the offenses
charged. (d) The existence of a felony conviction of any material witness whose
credibility is likely to be critical to the outcome of the trial. (e) Any exculpatory
evidence. (f) Relevant written or recorded statements of witnesses or reports of the
statements of witnesses whom the prosecutor intends to call at the trial, including any
reports or statements of experts made in conjunction with the case, including the results
of physical or mental examinations, scientific tests, experiments, or comparisons which
the prosecutor intends to offer in evidence at the trial.”
18
(See U.S. v. Pierce (2d Cir. 2015) 785 F.3d 832, 841–842 [declining to address
constitutional challenge to the SCA for failure to provide reciprocal discovery rights
where defendant otherwise obtained material from witness’s Facebook account, and
dismissing as speculative the suggestion that additional relevant exculpatory material
might have been in the account].) The due process clause of the federal Constitution
requires the prosecution “to disclose to the defense evidence in its possession that is
favorable to the accused and material to the issues of guilt or punishment.” (People v.
Jenkins, supra, 22 Cal.4th at p. 954.)
Defendants respond that access only to records that tend to support the
prosecution’s theory of the case does not provide them with the complete materials
necessary to present a full defense. They argue the SCA establishes “a one-sided,
arbitrary, and unconstitutional preference that the government, but not the defense, is
entitled to access to relevant electronic evidence.” They assert that such a disparity in
treatment is prohibited by Wardius v. Oregon, supra, 412 U.S. 470. In Wardius, the
Unites States Supreme Court struck down a state statute that required the defendant to
disclose the names of his alibi witnesses, but did not require the prosecution to disclose
the names of its witnesses. (Id. at pp. 471–472 & fn. 3.) “[A]lthough the Due Process
Clause has little to say regarding the amount of discovery which the parties must be
afforded [citation], it does speak to the balance of forces between the accused and his
accuser.” (Id. at p. 474.) The court held that “in the absence of a strong showing of state
interests to the contrary, discovery must be a two-way street.” (Id. at p. 475.) The
discovery in Wardius, however, did not involve disclosure of privileged or confidential
information, and a variety of investigative and evidence collection procedures are
routinely available to governmental agencies that are not provided to a criminal
defendant. The prosecution, for example, can obtain search warrants and compel
attendance of witnesses before a grand jury. Because the concern of the due process
clause is “the right of the defendant to a fair trial,” the focus of the reciprocity inquiry
under the due process clause is whether any lack of reciprocity “ ‘interferes with the
defendant’s ability to secure a fair trial.’ ” (People v. Hansel (1992) 1 Cal.4th 1211,
19
1221.) Thus, “mere mechanical repetition of the word ‘reciprocity’ is not enough to
show that [a defendant’s] right to a fair hearing [has been] violated.” (Ibid., fn. omitted.)
In People v. Valdez, supra, 55 Cal.4th 82, our Supreme Court rejected a
defendant’s challenge to protective orders entered in a gang-related homicide case,
delaying disclosure of the identity of prosecution witnesses and permitting the
prosecution to attend and transcribe defense interviews of prosecution witnesses. (Id. at
pp. 93–94, 119–120.) Valdez challenged the order authorizing prosecution attendance at
witness interviews on due process grounds, alleging that, by granting this discovery to the
prosecution “ ‘but not providing [him] with a reciprocal right, the trial court upset the
“balance of forces between the accused and [the] accuser,” in violation of [his] right to
due process under the Fourteenth Amendment.’ ” (Id. at p. 120.) The Supreme Court
disagreed. “The inquiry is not whether ‘the procedures available to the defendant . . .
precisely mirror[ed] those available to the prosecution,’ but whether the defendant
received ‘a full and fair opportunity to present’ a defense and whether the rules at issue
‘tilt[ed] the balance toward the state to any significant degree.’ [Citation.] . . . [T]o the
extent there was any nonreciprocity, the prosecution made ‘a strong showing of state
interests’ to justify the trial court’s order.” (Id. at pp. 120–121.)
Defendants insist the SCA must yield to their statutory right to obtain records
necessary to investigate a case and present a compete defense through use of a criminal
subpoena duces tecum. (Pen. Code, § 1326.) They urge that the confidential nature of
the information obtained is adequately protected by the requirement that the records of a
nonparty be delivered to the court, and by the ability of the court to hold an in camera
hearing to determine the relevance of the material sought.
Defendants are correct that issuance of a subpoena duces tecum pursuant to Penal
Code section 1326 does not “entitle” the person on whose behalf it is issued to obtain
access to the subpoenaed records “until a judicial determination has been made that the
person is legally entitled to receive them.” (People v. Blair (1979) 25 Cal.3d 640, 651.)
The difficulty presented in the pretrial setting, however, is that no prior notice is required
to the individual whose records are subpoenaed (cf. Code Civ. Proc., § 1985.3, subd. (b)),
20
and the existence of the responsive documents may not even be disclosed to the
prosecution (see Pen. Code, § 1326, subd. (c)).13 Such a nonadversarial ex parte process
is ill-suited to adjudication of contested issues of privilege. While the court “may order
an in camera hearing to determine whether or not the defense is entitled to receive the
documents” (ibid.) and may elect to invite the prosecution to participate in and argue at a
hearing on a defense subpoena duces tecum (see Kling v. Superior Court (2010)
50 Cal.4th 1068, 1072; People v. Superior Court (Humberto S.) (2008) 43 Cal.4th 737,
750), the court would still be unlikely to have any context to make a meaningful
evaluation pretrial, and in most instances would not have the benefit of an adversarial
response. Absent response by the service provider, as here, the court may not even be
cognizant of objections to production, and of the level of in camera scrutiny required. As
noted ante, our Supreme Court has previously found “persuasive reason[s]” not to permit
pretrial disclosure of privileged or confidential information, and observed that there was
“risk inherent in entertaining such pretrial requests.” (Hammon, supra, 15 Cal.4th at
p. 1127.) “When a defendant proposes to impeach a critical prosecution witness with
questions that call for privileged information, the trial court may be called upon, as in
[Davis, supra, 415 U.S. 308] to balance the defendant’s need for cross-examination and
the state policies the privilege is intended to serve. [Citation.] Before trial, the court
typically will not have sufficient information to conduct this inquiry; hence, if pretrial
disclosure is permitted, a serious risk arises that privileged material will be disclosed
unnecessarily.” (Hammon, at p. 1127.) A defendant’s general right to issue subpoenas
13
Penal Code section 1326 provides in relevant part: “In a criminal action, no
party, or attorney or representative of a party, may issue a subpoena commanding the
custodian of records or other qualified witness of a business to provide books, papers,
documents, or records, or copies thereof, relating to a person or entity other than the
subpoenaed person or entity in any manner other than that specified in subdivision (b) of
Section 1560 of the Evidence Code. When a defendant has issued a subpoena to a person
or entity that is not a party for the production of books, papers, documents, or records, or
copies thereof, the court may order an in camera hearing to determine whether or not the
defense is entitled to receive the documents. The court may not order the documents
disclosed to the prosecution except as required by Section 1054.3.”
21
duces tecum to private persons “provides no basis for overriding a statutory and
constitutional privilege.” (Id. at p 1128.)
Moreover, accepting Defendants’ argument would lead to an anomalous result. In
order to obtain third party confidential information protected by the SCA, a governmental
entity would have to obtain a search warrant, authorized in advance by a magistrate on a
sufficient showing of probable cause (§ 2703(a), (b)(1)(A)),14 or provide notice to the
subscriber in order for an administrative or trial subpoena to issue (§ 2703(b)(1)(B)(i)).
However, a criminal defendant could procure such confidential information simply by
serving an ex parte subpoena duces tecum with no required notice to the subscriber or
prosecuting authority—and which may, or may not, be subject to meaningful judicial
review.15
In sum, we find no support for the trial court’s order for pretrial production of
information otherwise subject to the SCA’s protections. The consistent and clear
teaching of both United States Supreme Court and California Supreme Court
14
A very recent federal decision of the Fourth Circuit has held that a law
enforcement agency may obtain at least some data protected by the SCA (in that instance,
cell site location information) only by a search warrant, supported by a showing of
probable cause, and may not obtain the information under the lesser reasonable suspicion
standard required for a court order under section 2703(d). (United States v. Graham (4th
Cir. Aug. 5, 2015, Nos. 12-4659, 12-4825) 2015 U.S.App.Lexis 13653 [“ ‘specific and
articulable facts showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that . . . the records
or other information sought . . . are relevant and material to an ongoing criminal
investigation’ ”].)
15
At least one court has also noted the severe administrative burdens on service
providers that compliance with routine subpoenas would impose, “interfering with the
manifest congressional intent to encourage development and use of digital
communications.” (O’Grady, supra, 139 Cal.App.4th at p. 1446.) The burdens imposed
would be substantially greater if service providers were regularly required to respond to
(and object to) routine pretrial subpoenas on criminal matters, when the overwhelming
majority of those matters will never result in a trial at all. (See Judicial Council of Cal.,
Rep. on Court Statistics: Statewide Caseload Trends 2003–2004 Through 2012–2013
(2014) pp. 47–48 <http://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/2014-Court-Statistics-
Report.pdf> [as of Sept. 8, 2015].) The burdens imposed on our courts, already
struggling with constrained resources, in conducting hearings that would ultimately be
unnecessary would be equally severe.
22
jurisprudence is that a criminal defendant’s right to pretrial discovery is limited, and
lacks any solid constitutional foundation. Simply alleging that the material they seek
might be helpful to their defense does not meet Defendants’ burden to show that the SCA
is unconstitutional in denying them access to protected information at this stage of the
proceedings. Accordingly we grant the writ and direct that the trial court vacate its order.
We emphasize that our ruling is limited to the pretrial context in which the trial
court’s order was made.16 Nothing in this opinion would preclude Defendants from
seeking at trial the production of the materials sought here (or petitioners again seeking to
quash subpoenas), where the trial court would be far better equipped to balance the
Defendants’ need for effective cross-examination and the policies the SCA is intended to
serve.17
16
At oral argument, Sullivan’s counsel represented that the proposed in camera
hearing contemplated in the trial court’s order would have occurred only one day before
trial, and so should not be considered a “pretrial” proceeding. Counsel did not suggest
what temporal proximity would make a hearing part of the trial. Nor did counsel suggest
how this would cure the basic difficulty of having someone other than the trial judge
weigh the confidentiality interests against a defendant’s need for the information, in the
context of the evidence. Whether the balance weighs in favor of disclosure may
ultimately depend on developments at trial, including for example, whether and how a
witness testifies, or what other evidence the prosecution seeks to introduce. In Hammon,
for example, the defendant sought disclosure of the victim’s psychotherapy records on
the theory that the records would provide evidence of the victim’s lack of credibility and
her propensity to fantasize. At trial, the defendant admitted engaging in sexual conduct
with the victim “thus largely invalidating the theory on which he had attempted to justify
pretrial disclosure of privileged information.” (Hammon, supra, 15 Cal.4th at p. 1127.)
17
We find no case that has yet addressed whether a criminal defendant may ask
the court to issue a “trial subpoena” under § 2703(b)(1)(B)(i) for production of
information under the SCA. The statute, on its face, limits production to a subpoena
issued by “a governmental entity,” and at least one federal trial court has held that neither
the court nor the federal public defender are governmental entities under the SCA. (U.S.
v. Amawi (N.D.Ohio 2008) 552 F.Supp.2d 679, 680 [“court order” for disclosure sought
under section 2703(d)]; see F.T.C. v. Netscape Communications Corp. (N.D.Cal. 2000)
196 F.R.D. 559, 561 [pretrial subpoena duces tecum not a “trial subpoena” under
§ 2703(c)(1)(C) and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure].) Although the issue is not now
before us, we question whether such a limitation would be constitutional in light of the
requirements of Davis and Hammon. Defendants may, in any event, directly subpoena
23
III. DISPOSITION
Let a peremptory writ of mandate issue directing the trial court to vacate its
January 22, 2015 order denying petitioners’ motion to quash the subpoenas for the social
media records of Jaquan Rice, Jr., and Renesha Lee, and to thereafter enter a new and
different order granting petitioners’ motion to quash. The previously issued stay shall
dissolve upon issuance of the remittitur. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.490(d).)
the records they seek for production to the trial court pursuant to Penal Code section
1326.
24
_________________________
BRUINIERS, J.
WE CONCUR:
_________________________
JONES, P. J.
_________________________
MARGULIES, J.*
* Associate Justice of the Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division One,
assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California
Constitution.
25
A144315
26
Superior Court of the City and County of San Francisco, Nos. 13035657 and 13035658,
Bruce E. Chan, Judge.
Perkins Coie, James G. Snell and Sunita Bali for Petitioners.
No appearance for Respondent.
Jose Pericles Umali for Real Party in Interest Derrick D. Hunter.
Susan Kaplan and Janelle E. Caywood for Real Party in Interest Lee Sullivan.
Jeff Adachi, Public Defender (San Francisco), Matt Gonzalez, Chief Attorney, and
Dorothy Bischoff, Deputy Public Defender, as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Respondent
and Real Parties in Interest.
Stephen P. Lipson, Public Defender (Ventura), and Michael C. McMahon, Chief Deputy
Public Defender, for California Public Defenders Association and Public Defender of
Ventura County as Amici Curiae on behalf of Real Parties in Interest.
Donald E. Landis, Jr., Assistant Public Defender (Monterey); Law Offices of J.T.
Philipsborn and John T. Philipsborn for California Attorneys for Criminal Justice as
Amicus Curiae on behalf of Real Parties in Interest.
27
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292,
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577,
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284,
1492,
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] |
Man Arrested On Charge Of Spreading HIV
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - A man who knew he was HIV and had unprotected sex without telling his partner about his potential to get the virus was recently arrested, according to police.
WJXT's Emily Pantelides spoke with victim, who is awaiting his HIV test results.
The man said his 11-year-old sister is the most important thing in his life, but instead of thinking about her and her new video games last Christmas, all he was able to think about was getting HIV.
"My holidays were destroyed, laying at wake at night crying, wondering if you're going to get it and what you have to do. I don't want to be one of them people where if I ever want to go on a date with someone, I have to tell them, I have to let them know, 'Oh, I'm going to have let you know I'm HIV positive.' That's disgraceful. It really is," he said.
According to a police report, the man met 53-year-old Frank Price in a bar and over the course of six days and the two had consensual sex three times.
"I was never told before that he was HIV positive," he said.
The police report says on the third sexual encounter, Price "disclosed to him that he has had HIV for 19 years."
The man said he immediately called police.
"I feel betrayed. I was lied to," he said. "This is not like I have a head cold or a chest cold. We're talking about something major in my life. My life is at stake."
"You've got a very dangerous situation where someone is playing with another person's life due to the deadliness of this disease," said Jacksonville Sheriff's Office spokesman Ken Jefferson.
Jefferson called the case unusual, saying rarely does he see a charge like the one against Price on a police report.
"I hope that the message gets across loud and clear that you can be charged and go to jail," Jefferson said.
The man said his final HIV test is expected to come back in about two weeks.
Price told WJXT by phone that he didn't do anything wrong.
Price is facing a third-degree felony charge, which could get him up to five years in prison.
Copyright 2011 by Internet Broadcasting Systems and ClickOrlando.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | [
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] |
A Guaranteed Hole in One with Report-IT
A Guaranteed Hole in One with Report-IT
By Kevin Allen, Producer/Host, “Views from the
Rough”
We’ve all heard of Kodak moments,
those times in your life where a camera documents an event for
posterity. As a professional, golf photographer, I’ve had many of
these. I’d also like to share a more recent experience, what
I call my “codec moments”.
Kevin Allen, “Views from the Rough”, Interviews
Allen Wronowski, President of The PGA of
America
with Report-IT
But I’m getting ahead of
myself. In addition to my sports photography business, I also
produce and host a weekly golf talk show, “Views from the
Rough.” My weekly program discusses everything golf, but not
necessarily from my perspective.
With close to 20 years in the game,
and a professional sports career, I am on a first name basis with
hundreds of professional athletes from every sport
imaginable. The common thread – they all like golf, and they
love to talk about it – with me.
Views from the Rough differs from
other golfing shows in that it is rich in first-person interviews,
and this is where my “codec moments” come in. As I travel and
encounter golf pros both on and off the course, I had to make sure
that I had my cassette recorder, mike, fresh cassettes and
batteries, and headphones with me at all times.
Field reporters know what I
mean. More than once, something would be missing. I’d
eventually get the interview, but all the equipment was a burden,
and foul-ups were embarrassing. I tinkered with pocket
recorders, minidisk recorders, even the expensive digital
recorders, but found each had their drawbacks. I kept thinking
there had to be a better way - something simple, something compact,
yet reliable.
Tieline Technology is a
manufacturer of audio codecs. A codec changes audio into digital
packets to be transmitted over a cellular or IP (internet) network.
When received, the signal is converted back to audio with amazing
quality as the result.
Tieline codec equipment is used for
covering sporting events all over the world. The equipment is
housed in a metal case, simple to use, and is reliable and rugged.
I’ve seen the equipment used for everything from Olympic and
professional team game coverage to broadcasting the Little
League.
So where does my “codec moment”
come in? Tieline has developed an application for the iPhone that
turns the iPhone into an audio codec. Called the Report-IT,
this development is huge for field reporters like me.
It means that the only equipment I
have to carry is my iPhone. Apple developed the microphone used in
the iPhone to have studio quality response. I press one button, and
my iPhone is connected to my studio and I can feed broadcast
quality audio.
Kevin Allen Interviewing Kerry McCoy,
Pro Wrestler, with Report-IT
The application also permits me to
record and edit interviews, and then play back the selections of
that interview as a part of my live report. I can also feed raw
audio back to my FTP site, for editing when I’m back in the
studio.
For anyone who has tried to
interview a celebrity at a moment’s notice, the advantages of this
new technology are obvious. Report-IT allows me to capture comments
and intriguing conversations that would be missed while setting up
a traditional recorder. Plus I’m not lugging ten pounds of
equipment around 18 holes!
Back at the club house or the media
room, I don’t have to keep an eye on equipment, and my iPhone or my
iPad, is ready to record those personal nuggets that make Views
from the Rough so unique. I invite you to listen and judge for
yourself. Archived shows are found at www.viewsfromtherough.com.
Click on “shows” along the top banner. If you’re a Station General
Manager, Program Director and are interested in airing a Golf Talk
show, Jim Nantz has called, Views from the Rough, “A Golf Show
unlike any other”. | [
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Jones recruited Mauk during his stint as Cincinnati's coach. Mauk was a record-setting quarterback at Kenton (Ohio) High School, about 130 miles northeast of Cincinnati. His older brother Ben had played for the Bearcats under Brian Kelly, who preceded Jones as Cincinnati's coach before leaving for Notre Dame.
Mauk signed with Missouri, where he's now a redshirt freshman. Jones left Cincinnati for Tennessee last December. They'll reunite Saturday when Tennessee (4-4, 1-3 SEC) plays at No. 10 Missouri (7-1, 3-1).
"We were engaged in a great recruiting battle," Jones said. "Maty Mauk's a winner. He's the son of a football coach, so he's a gym rat. He grew up with a football in his hand since the day he was born. I said he's a winner, and he's a playmaker. He's a very, very talented quarterback."
Mauk has started Missouri's last two games in place of James Franklin, who sprained his right shoulder Oct. 12 in a 41-26 victory against Georgia. Mauk remains atop the depth chart this week, though Missouri coach Gary Pinkel hasn't ruled out the possibility Franklin could return soon enough to start Saturday.
"I won't say (Franklin's status) is doubtful, but it is questionable," Pinkel said.
If Franklin can't play, Mauk will work against a Tennessee coaching staff he knows very well. Jones, defensive coordinator John Jancek, defensive line coach Steve Stripling, offensive coordinator Mike Bajakian, tight ends/special teams coach Mark Elder and offensive line coach Don Mahoney were all at Cincinnati when Mauk was considering the Bearcats.
That staff heavily pursued Mauk, a 2012 prospect who set national high school records for career yards passing (18,932), touchdown passes (219), completions (1,353) and total yards (22,681). One year earlier, Cincinnati signed Max Morrison, who caught 142 passes for 2,033 yards his senior season as Mauk's good friend and Kenton teammate.
"Those guys recruited me real hard," Mauk said. "They were always at the school. I have a lot of respect for them. It's going to be a fun week preparing for them."
Jones' background with Mauk through the recruiting process also gives the Vols an idea of what to expect from the Missouri quarterback.
"The thing that concerns me most about him is that he's able to improvise," Jones said. "He's able to take a bad play and turn it into a big play. He's able to scramble and move around. He throws exceptionally well out of the pocket, and he's got a little bit of swagger to him. That's Maty Mauk."
Mauk has produced mixed results since taking over for Franklin.
In his first start, Mauk threw for 295 yards and a touchdown and also ran for a score to lead the Tigers to a 36-17 victory against Florida. Last week, Mauk went 10-of-25 for 249 yards in a 27-24 double-overtime loss to No. 14 South Carolina.
"He probably didn't play quite as well as he would like in this game," Missouri offensive coordinator Josh Henson said. "And everybody's talking about that. It's just experience. He'll get better as experience goes. And the more experience he gets, he'll play better and better. "'
Mauk's accuracy has been an issue. He has completed just 49.3 percent of his passes for 585 yards with two touchdowns and two interceptions. For comparison's sake, Franklin has completed 67.7 percent of his passes.
But Jones doesn't need to look at a stat sheet to understand Mauk's abilities. He already knows Mauk well enough to realize the challenge Tennessee's defense could be facing this week. | [
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] |
Hello !
"a" is an exact number, I suppose?
So Log[a] is exact! If you want a machine-precision result, type : Log[N[a]]
Or, for example : Log[3.0] instead of Log[3] !
Rergards
F.Jaccard
-----Message d'origine-----
De : Bill Ginsberg [mailto:eqmc2 at aol.com]
Envoyé : mardi, 24. mai 2005 11:13
À : mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
Objet : [mg57297] Log function
I have Mathematica 5.0.1. When I attempt to get the Log of a number "a"
by entering Log[a], it does not return the value but echoes back:
Log[a]. How is this fixed? | [
1,
15043,
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338,
445,
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] | [
1,
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] |
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NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- Go back a decade or so and many people were so leery of the Internet they wouldn't order so much as a book. Though confidence has grown, some of that old caution is worth preserving, with online shoppers increasingly becoming victims of fraud for big-ticket items such as cars and trucks.
Shopping for a home online is pretty safe, because few people buy a home they haven't checked out in person and because the title company makes sure the seller really owns the property. Small items are sometimes offered by online crooks, but reputable sites such as eBay have safeguards, and there's not much money at risk when you order a sweater.
But cars and trucks present a special problem because real money is at stake, and because buyers of used vehicles often have a hard time finding what they want nearby. Rather than travel hundreds of miles just to inspect a vehicle for sale, some buyers pay up front only to find later that the vehicle doesn't exist.
Find that hard to believe? Actually, online vehicle fraud is surprisingly common. A Romanian fugitive and six accomplices in an international auto-sale scam were promoted recently to the FBI's most-wanted list. The FBI says the group targeted Americans through legitimate websites such as eBay, Cars.com and AutoTrader.com, typically offering vehicles priced from $10,000 to $45,000.
"The defendants employed co-conspirators who corresponded with the victim buyers by email, sending fraudulent certificates of title and other information designed to lure the victims into parting with their money," the FBI said. The scammers used phony passports so accomplices could open U.S. bank accounts to receive buyer's wire transfers, the FBI alleges.
Last year there were more than 17,000 consumer complaints about online auto fraud, with alleged scams costing more than $64 million, according to The Internet Crime Complaint Center. The most common victims are men aged 30 to 60.
In the typical case, the fraud involves a non-existent vehicle offered at a below-market price. Often, the ad states that the sale must be quick because the seller is moving or needs cash for a tragic family situation. The crook cites the short timeframe in refusing to allow a vehicle inspection. The buyer is instructed to send money to a third party that sounds like a legitimate agent, then to send the receipt to the seller as proof of payment. Once payment is made, the seller vanishes.
"In a new twist, the criminals have attempted to pose as dealers instead of individuals selling a single car," IC3 says. "This allows them to advertise multiple vehicles for sale at one time on certain platforms, potentially exposing more victims to the scam." | [
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] |
Rainwater is in its purest form before it hits the ground, but it is usually collected for non potable uses only. What if that huge, free source of naturally distilled water could be used for drinking and cooking? A simple rain collection module named RainSaucers makes potable rainwater possible.
The RainSaucer, developed by Tom Spargo, decreases the chances of rainwater contamination by decreasing the instances of contact with building surfaces (roof, gutters, downspouts.) Resembling an upside down umbrella, the RainSaucer is made of five components: a food grade polypropylene 'saucer', pipe fitting, mesh filter, fasteners, and a retention ring for wind resistance. The surface of the Saucer harvests 6.75 gallons per inch of rain and can work with any container. By controlling the materials that rain does touch and with the help of a filter, the minimal design provides a straightforward and affordable way to use rain as a clean source of water.
Tom Spargo offered his own thoughts on his design and its implications for issues of water quality and access:
"I came at RWH (rainwater harvesting) from the perspective of trying it make it more scalable. I simply pondered why it is that this great concept isn't more widespread and decided it was too much of a 'project' and not enough of a 'product.' RainSaucers aims to make RWH a product you can buy in local markets, just like you can buy solar ovens, solar lights, kick pumps, etc. We chose Polypropylene because it is low cost, food grade, FDA approved, and BPA free. This makes sure the water collected is as close to pure natural distilled water as possible. Portability and easy packing were important. So we designed RainSaucers to be able to roll up and unroll for transport or shipping by air. We also made sure no tools were necessary to install; simplicity equates to scalability in our view."
Even more significant than the possible applications in the US is the potential for use in developing countries, where the quality of even city water systems is not trusted. RainSaucers just completed a field trial in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. The company wanted to help families save money by reducing their dependence on bottled water. The region is served by municipal water but the citizens would rather buy bottled, citing suspicion of bacteria in the water system. The average expenditure in Quetzaltenango on bottled water is $300, or about one month's income, every year. Imagine spending one month’s income on water per year.
Next in sight for RainSaucers is India. Although 18 of India’s 28 states have made rainwater harvesting mandatory, less than half of those required households have complied.
Watch the video of RainSaucers' Guatemala trial below:
Images: RainSaucers
This post was originally published on Smartplanet.com | [
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] |
Risk of valproic acid-related alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
We systematically reviewed studies to provide current evidence about the incidence and risk of alopecia in patients undergoing valproic acid (VPA) therapy. We retrieved relevant publications and gathered data on alopecia in patients taking VPA and other drugs from prospective studies. Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria, and the overall incidence of alopecia in patients receiving VPA therapy was 11% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08-0.13). The pooled risk of alopecia showed a significant difference between patients treated with VPA and all other drugs (odds ratio (OR) 5.02, 95% CI: 3.58-7.03), other epileptic drugs (AEDs) (OR 4.82, 95% CI: 3.32-7.00) and other non-AEDs (OR 5.84, 95% CI: 2.67-12.81). Compared to other drugs, VPA increased the risk of alopecia both in patients with migraine headaches (OR 6.05, 95% CI: 2.89-12.63) and patients with epilepsy (OR 5.29, 95% CI: 3.53-7.92), and the increase risk was reported more frequently in patients with migraine. Both lower doses (OR 4.38, 95% CI: 2.32-8.25) and shorter treatments (OR 4.98, 95% CI: 2.41-10.25) with VPA posed a high risk of alopecia compared to other drugs, as did higher doses and longer treatment times. Based on our findings, VPA was significantly associated with a risk of alopecia compared to other drugs, and the risk did not depend on the dose and treatment time. | [
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] |
By SoraNews24
Japan has been really hard at work in preparation for the Olympic Games, and a whole slew of changes have been made in an attempt to help tourists adapt, from a revision in map icons to lifting the restrictions on tattooed bathers.
One more way the nation is bracing for an influx of tourists is by reviewing road safety. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport is working in coordination with police, tourism boards, and car rental associations, and by analyzing data from recorders on board rental cars, they can pinpoint areas where sudden braking occurs as potentially hazardous to foreign visitors.
Using this sophisticatedly acquired information these groups can take precision measures to combat the incidences of accidents involving foreign drivers. So what measures are being taken?
Stickers!!
The friendly deer-bear’s pink sticker in the photo above says “A Foreigner is Driving.”
Yes, a new trend of stickers which read “A Foreigner is Driving” is gaining momentum among the country’s car rental associations. They’ve been in use in Okinawa and Hokkaido for a while and notify everyone on the road that you are not from around here, or in the words of the Okinawa Rental Car Association, “to show that the driver is a foreigner who is not accustomed with the traffic rules of Japan.”
We should all read, “show” to mean “grossly assume” in this instance, and what exactly other drivers are supposed to do differently with this information is anyone’s guess. It’s kind of like when Marge Simpson bought a “Baby on Board” sticker so people would stop intentionally ramming the family car.
Norimono News asked the Okinawa Rental Car Association whether accidents involving foreign drivers were on the rise. They said while serious accidents did not increase, there has been a rise in minor bumps and scrapes. Okinawa has reported a 300-percent increase in these accidents from 2014 to 2016.
That sounds like a lot, but when you consider the overall population of foreign drivers in Japan has risen by 400 percent between 2011 and 2015, it doesn’t sound like there is a particular spike in foreigner-related traffic going on at all. There’s simply more out there.
The desire for stickers is not surprising though, Japan is a sticker-happy country and already affixes special ones to vehicles belonging to the elderly and newly licensed drivers. And unlike those ones, foreigner stickers are not required by law.
Furthermore, they’re actually “sticker-magnets” that are removable. This is because the message “A foreigner is driving” means different things to different people. For example, to a thief it means: “This driver probably has a lot of cash and belongings inside.” Or to a right-wing ultranationalist, it means: “Please deface this car.”
Nevertheless, despite their specious benefits and increased risk to the user, these stickers are gaining traction and may be seen nationwide in the near future.
Source: Norimono News, Response
Read more stories from SoraNews24.
-- “A Taste of Japan”: Mouth-watering video of one man’s incredible gourmet trip 【Video】
-- Want bread? You’re sure to find something you like in this wide and unique selection!【Video】
-- “A Cyberpunk Adventure: Harry Potter The 1980s Anime” just made our day
External Link
http://en.rocketnews24.com/2017/09/04/japanese-car-rentals-including-stickers-that-read-a-foreigner-is-driving/
© SoraNews24 | [
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] |
Parish grieves loss of inspirational teenager
Seldom has the loss of someone so young left an entire community feeling as bereft as that in Dromintee following the tragic death of Peter Hughes on Sunday last.
The teenager died alongside his two friends, Conall Havern from Newry and Gavin Sloan from Attical, – both aged 20 – in a collision on the A1 while returning home from Belfast.
All three were students of Queen’s University and it is believed they were in the city to organise accommodation for the incoming term.
At just 19-years-old, Peter packed a great deal into his short life and was held in the highest esteem, not just in his own community, but among all those whose lives he touched.
A past pupil of St. Paul’s High School in Bessbrook, where he held the prestigious position of Head Boy in his final year, Peter Hughes excelled both academically and in the field of sport. A talented senior footballer with his local club, he was also a member of Queen’s GAA team.
Throughout the week, hundreds of tributes were paid to Peter and his friends following the tragedy. His former principal, Jarlath Burns, described him as “a perfect role model and a total charmer” and said the entire school community was numb with grief.
Colm McCoy, Chairman of Dromintee GFC, said he was “an invaluable member” whose passing has left “a great void”.
Hundreds formed queues to visit the family home at Carrickbroad during the wake and offer sympathy to his heartbroken parents, Paul and Sharon, and siblings Kevin, Jennifer and Ryan. And the entire parish of Dromintee came to a standstill for Peter’s Funeral Mass on Wednesday as his team mates from Dromintee GAC and Queen’s GAA club formed guards of honour at the church while pupils from St. Paul’s High School lined the route of the cortege.
Mourners heard parish priest Fr Dermot Maloney describe the occasion as a “very sad day for the parish and the community”.
He paid tribute to Peter’s contribution to his former school: “In St Paul’s, Peter was head boy where he took his responsibilities very seriously. He loved St Paul’s and the St Paul’s community loved him,” he said, adding that he was “a role model to younger pupils”.
Fr Maloney praised Peter’s outstanding ability to be a friend to everyone: “He had many friends, he always included others who were on the outside, that was typical of Peter, he would draw others into the company.
“Peter Hughes was a rock to so many, his family and his friends. While we are in mourning at the loss of Peter, we are consoled by the fact that during his short life he showed much love,” he added.
In an emotional tribute to his eldest child, Paul Hughes addressed the packed church and the many outside listening via loudspeakers, describing Peter as their “special boy” and vowed that he would “always be our shining light”.
Mr Hughes said Peter was “adored” by the whole family: “Me and your mum, we really loved you so. Kevin, Jenna and Ryan – you were their shining light, you were their big brother as you still are this night.
“Your aunties and your uncles, they were so proud of you, your cousins loved you dearly and in you a friend they found. Your two grannies and your grandad, they thought the world of you. Your countless friends and team-mates were not afraid to shed a tear – you were their inspiration throughout your brief and fun-filled years.
“Every parent so rightly thinks their child is a special child, Peter you were our special boy, we always saw you smile. We will miss you dearly Peter, you were our special one, there wasn’t a moment passed when we weren’t proud to call you son.
“Now the time has come to say goodbye and you have to move along, Peter you will always be our shining light and we must all remain so strong,” he told the visibly moved congregation.
Friends
The funeral of Peter’s close friend, Conall Havern, was held in St. Mary’s Church in Newry on Thursday.
Mourners heard how Conall was a talented athlete and musician who loved the Irish language and had “touched the lives of many people in lots of different ways”.
Sinn Féin’s Caitriona Ruane, a family friend, paid a moving tribute to the young man describing him as “intelligent, thoughtful, loving and funny”.
Pupils from his former schools, Bunscoil an Iúir Primary School and the Abbey Grammar School stood silently outside the church as Fr Tony Corr described how the three friends had “so much to look forward to and sadly their lives have ended in a tragic way”.
He said Conall had grown into a “kind, unassuming, thoughtful and humorous young man” and achieved much success in his studies and sport.
“Despite the fact that his father Mark died suddenly in January 2014, Conall passed his A-levels and secured himself a place at Queen’s University to study chemical engineering,” he said.
“At Queen’s, he met his friends, Peter Hughes and Gavin Sloan. Conall and Peter had so much in common, they liked to play poker and had a great love for sport. Conall played for Saville GAC, played hurling for the Shamrocks, soccer for Ballybot and was also a member of a running club. He was an avid Down fan and supporter of Liverpool football team,” he told the congregation.
The third victim of the tragedy, Gavin Sloan, was also laid to rest on Wednesday following requiem Mass in St Colman’s Church, Massforth. Gavin is survived by his parents Liam and Eilish and brother Paul. The 20-year-old student was studying law at QUB and had been described as “an exemplary student, conscientious and hard-working”.
Safety plans
Meanwhile, in the wake of this recent tragedy, it emerged that plans to improve safety along the A1 dual carriageway between Lisburn and border will be confirmed over the coming weeks.
A spokesperson for the Department for Regional Development (DRD) said a significant amount of development work has already been progressed on the scheme adding that “the preferred option for the proposal, which is estimated to cost in the range of £40m-£50m, will be confirmed in the coming weeks”. | [
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Whenever James Bond needed a nifty device to snap a surreptitious surveillance picture or escape the gilded clutches of Auric Goldfinger, he could count on the ingenious minds in the Secret Service's Q Division to devise a solution. Real-world Bonds working for the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, and its precursor the Office of Strategic Services, could turn to the Office of Research and Development for similar tradecraft tools. From mosquito drones to couture cameras, the CIA had its agents' needs covered. Some of these devices are now displayed in the CIA's museum, located at the agency's Langley, Virginia, headquarters. Although the museum is not open to the public, recently the CIA launched a Flickr stream with images of some of its declassified historic spy tools. Here's a few of the best from the collection, even if our own Danger Room was a bit disappointed by the CIA's choices. Above: "Belly Buster" Hand-Crank Audio Drill The CIA used the “Belly Buster” drill during the late 1950s and early 1960s to drill holes into masonry in order to implant listening devices. After assembly, the base of the drill was held firmly against the stomach, while the handle was cranked manually. The kit came with several drill bits and accessories.
Letter Remover Special devices were used in World War II to retrieve letters from envelopes without disturbing their seals. The pincer-like device was inserted into the unsealed gap at the top of the envelope flap, then turned to wind up the letter and extract it from the envelope.
Letter Remover Here's a view showing the letter rolled up around the pincer for easy removal from the envelope.
Stereoscope and Case The stereoscope, used during World War II, helped Allied photo analyzers examine images of enemy territory taken by airplane-mounted cameras. It allowed them to view the film in 3-D.
Dragonfly Insectothopter Developed by the CIA’s Office of Research and Development in the 1970s, this micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was the first insect-sized aerial vehicle (Insectothopter) developed to explore intelligence collection via miniature devices.
CIA Semi-Submersible The CIA designed this two-man semi-submersible in the 1950s. It carried no weapons, provided cramped quarters, and required a "mother ship" for transport and recovery, but it could slip into regions that normal ships could not.
Microdot Camera Transferring secret documents during the Cold War was aided by this microdot camera that could photograph and reduce whole pages of information onto a tiny piece of film the size of a sentence period. The film could then be embedded into otherwise banal correspondence as punctuation at the end of a sentence. Microdots were also hidden in rings, hollow coins and other items. The recipient would read the microdot with a special viewer.
"Matchbox" Camera The Eastman Kodak Company developed and manufactured this camera for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Made in the shape of matchboxes that were used at the time, it could be disguised by adding matchbox labels in various languages and styles that were relevant to the country in which it was to be used.
Single-Use Encoder Pads One-time pads (OTP) were issued in matching sets of two for encoding: one set was for the encoder and one for the decoder. No two pages were alike. Each sheet contained a random key in the form of five-digit groups. Once a sheet was used to encode a message, it was torn off the pad and destroyed. Because the codes were used only once, they were virtually unbreakable.
“Dead” Drop Spike Used to facilitate secure communication between an agent and his/her handler, the spike, containing documents or film, could be pushed into the ground by the agent at a pre-arranged spot and later retrieved by a handler.
M-209 Cipher Box A mechanical cipher device designed by Boris Hagelin that was widely used by the U.S. Army during World War II. Compact and portable, it used a series of rotors to encode and decode secret military messages.
Pigeon Camera The CIA’s Office of Research and Development created this camera that was small and light enough to be fitted to a pigeon. Photos taken from the bird in flight could be captured within hundreds of feet of the target, producing much more detailed pictures than other image-capturing methods.
Surveillance Fashion For the female mole attending a black-tie affair, surveillance equipment didn't have to be dowdy. This "couture" outfit from the Office of Technical Readiness allowed spies to munch on canapes and dance a waltz while still snapping surreptitious pics and recording cocktail chatter.
Code in a Compact A female agent could powder her nose while sneaking a surreptitious peak at code hidden in the mirror of this handy dual-use compact. When tipped at a certain angle, the code was visible in the mirror.
Escape Map Printed on silk, this escape map could be folded compactly for concealment (or worn smartly as a scarf) and wouldn't rustle when opened and closed. It was printed with waterproof dyes so the colors wouldn't run if an agent had to make a sudden water-borne escape.
A-12 Spurs These "spurs," worn on airplanes, strapped over boot heels and were each attached to a ball connected to a cable beneath the plane seat. If the pilot had to pull the "D" ring (ejection handle) in an emergency, the cables would snap the wearer's feet back under the seat to ensure a smooth and safe ejection from the aircraft.
Silver Dollar Concealer This Eisenhower silver dollar, hollow on the inside, could be used to conceal messages or film.
Silver Dollar Concealer Interior A view of the inside of the silver dollar, which could be used to conceal secret messages or film.
CIA ID Card for Allen W. Dulles Greying hair apparently is a side-effect of being a U.S. president and a CIA director. But Allen W. Dulles earned his over a long career - the longest a CIA director ever served. Dulles joined the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during WWII, during which he directed intelligence operations from Switzerland. In 1951, he joined the newly created Central Intelligence Agency and became its director in 1953. He retired in 1961.
Fairbairn-Sykes Fighting Knife Introduced in 1941, the knife is named after its British designers, Captains W.E. Fairbairn and E.A. Sykes. Here pictured with its sheath (at left), the weapon was crafted to strike at the most vulnerable parts of an opponent’s body.
Minox Camera Walter Zapp, a Latvian engineer, developed a portable camera in 1937 that would fit easily into the palm of a hand and take high-quality pictures. Originally made from steel in Riga, it was considered a marvel of technology and became the world’s most widely used spy camera.
Seismic Intruder Detection Device This Cold War-Era intrusion-detection system was designed to blend in with the terrain and could detect movement of people, animals or objects up to 300 meters away. The device operated on tiny power cells and had a built-in antenna. Its transmitter would relay data from the device by means of coded pulses.
Tire Spike No matter how the caltrop tire spike was tossed on a roadway or airport runway, it would land with a tire-puncturing prong facing upward. | [
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] |
"The Jewish people as a whole will be its own Messiah. It will attain world domination by the dissolution of other races...and by the establishment of a world republic in which everywhere the Jews will exercise the privilege of citizenship. In this New World Order the Children of Israel...will furnish all the leaders without encountering opposition..." (Karl Marx in a letter to Baruch Levy, quoted in Review de Paris, June 1, 1928, p. 574)
Thursday, 25 April 2013
How humanitarians trumped neo-cons in Libya
.
Maximilian Forte Reviewed by Dan Glazebrook
The media has gone very quiet on Libya of late; clearly, liberal imperialists don't like to dwell on their crimes. This is not surprising. The modus operandi of the humanitarian imperialist is not one of informed reflection, but only permanent outrage against leaders of the global South; besides, in the topsy-turvy world of liberal interventionism, the "failure to act" is the only crime of which the West is capable.
As Forte puts it, their moral code holds that "If we do not act, we should be held responsible for the actions of others. When we do act, we should never be held responsible for our own actions." With Muammar Gaddafi dead, the hunt is on for a new hate figure on whom to spew venom (Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, North Korean leader Kim Jong-eun); far more satisfying than actually evaluating our own role in the creation of human misery. This is the colonial mentality of the liberal lynch mob.
For the governments that lead us into war, of course, it makes perfect sense that we do not stop to look back at the last invasion before impatiently demanding the next one - if we realized, for example, that the 1999 bombing of Serbia - the textbook "humanitarian intervention"- actually facilitated the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo it was supposedly designed to prevent, we might not be so ready to demand the same treatment for every other state that falls short of our illusory ideals.
That is why this book is so important. Thoroughly researched and impeccably referenced, it tells the story of the real aims and real consequences of the war on Libya in its historical perspective.
One of the book's accomplishments is its comprehensive demolition of the war's supposed justifications. Forte shows us that there was no "mass rape" committed by "Gaddafi forces" - as alleged by US Permanent Representative to the United Nations Susan Rice, former US secretary of state Hillary Clinton, International Criminal Court prosecutor Luis Ocampo and others at the time, but later refuted by Amnesty International, the UN and even the US army itself.
Despite hysterical media reports, there was no evidence of aerial bombing of protesters, as even former CIA chief Robert Gates admitted. Gaddafi had no massacre planned for Benghazi, as had been loudly proclaimed by the leaders of Britain, France and the US. The Libyan government forces had not carried out massacres against civilian populations in any of the other towns they recaptured from the rebels, and nor had Gaddafi threatened to do so in Benghazi.
In a speech that was almost universally misreported in the Western media, he promised no mercy for those who had taken up arms against the government, whilst offering amnesty for those who "threw their weapons away", and at no point threatening reprisals against civilians. When the NATO invasion began, French jets actually bombed a small retreating column of Libyan armor on the outskirts of Benghazi, comprising 14 tanks, 20 armored personnel carriers, and a few trucks and ambulances - nothing like enough to carry out a "genocide" against an entire city, as had been claimed.
Indeed, the whole image of "peaceful protesters being massacred" was turning reality on its head. In fact, Forte notes, rebels "torched police stations, broke into the compounds of security services, attacked government offices and torched vehicles" from the very start, to which the authorities responded with "tear gas, water cannons and rubber bullets - very similar to methods frequently used in Western nations against far more peaceful protests that lacked the element of sedition". Only once the rebels had proceeded to occupy the Benghazi army barracks, loot its weapons, and start using them against government forces did things begin to escalate.
But the most pernicious of the lies that facilitated the Libyan war was the myth of the "African mercenary". Racist pogroms were characteristic of the Libyan rebellion from its very inception, when 50 sub-Saharan African migrants were burnt alive in Al-Bayda on the second day of the insurgency.
An Amnesty International report from September 2011 made it clear that this was no isolated incident: "When al-Bayda, Benghazi, Derna, Misrata and other cities first fell under the control of the NTC in February, anti-Gaddafi forces carried out house raids, killing and other violent attacks" against sub-Saharan Africans and black Libyans, and "what we are seeing in western Libya is a very similar pattern to what we have seen in Benghazi and Misrata after those cities fell to the rebels" - arbitrary detention, torture and execution of black people.
The "African mercenary" myth was thus created to justify these pogroms, as the Western media near-universally referred to their victims as "mercenaries" - or "alleged mercenaries" in the more circumspect and highbrow outlets - and thus as aggressors and legitimate targets.
The myth was completely discredited by both Amnesty International - whose exasperated researcher told a TV interviewer that "We examined this issue in depth and found no evidence: the rebels spread these rumors everywhere [with] terrible consequences for African guest workers" - and by a UN investigation team, who drew similar conclusions - but not until both organizations had already helped perpetuate the lie themselves.
That liberal humanitarians would launch a war of aggression in order to facilitate racist massacres is not as ironic as it might at first seem. Forte writes that "if this was humanitarianism, it could only be so by disqualifying Africans as members of humanity".
But such disqualification has been a systematic practice of liberalism from the days of John Locke, through the US war of independence and into the age of nineteenth century imperialism and beyond. Indeed, Forte argues that the barely-veiled "racial fear of mean African bogeymen swamping Libya like zombies" implicit in the "African mercenary" story, was uniquely and precisely formulated to tap into a rich historical vein of European fantasies about plagues of black mobs. That the myth gained so much traction despite zero evidence, says Forte, "tells us a great deal about the role of racial prejudice and propaganda in mobilizing public opinion in the West and organizing international relations".
Yet the racism of the rebel fighters was not only useful for mobilizing European public opinion - it also played a strategic function, as far as NATO planners were concerned. By bringing to power a virulently anti-black government, the West has ensured that Libya's trajectory as a pan-African state has been brought to a violent end, and that its oil wealth will no longer be used for African development.
As Forte succinctly puts it, "the goal of US military intervention was to disrupt an emerging pattern of independence and a network of collaboration within Africa that would facilitate increased African self-reliance. This is at odds with the geostrategic and political economic ambitions of extra-continental European powers, namely the US".
A large part of the book is dedicated to outlining Libya's role in the creation of the African Union, and its subsequent moves to unify Africa at the economic, political and military levels. This included the investment of billions of petrodollars in industrial development across the continent, the creation of an African communications satellite, and massive financial contributions towards the African Development Bank and the African Monetary Fund - institutions designed specifically to challenge the hegemony of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
Gaddafi was passionate about using Libyan oil money to help Africa industrialize and "add value" to its export materials, moving it away from its prescribed role in the global economy as a supplier of cheap raw materials.
This was a threat to Western financial and corporate control of African economies, and combined with the rise of Chinese investment, was considered a strategic obstacle to Western domination that had to be removed. As Forte put it, "The US, France and the UK could not afford to see allies that they had cultivated, if not installed in power, being slowly pulled from their orbits by Libya, China and other powers".
The African Oil Policy initiative Group - a high level US Committee comprising members of Congress, military officers and energy industry lobbyists - noted in 2002 the growing dependence of the US on African oil, and recommended a "new and vigorous focus on US military cooperation in sub-Saharan Africa, to include design of a sub-unified command structure which could produce significant dividends in the protection of US investments".
They noted that "failure to address the issue of focusing and maximizing US diplomatic and military command organization…could…act as an inadvertent incentive for US rivals such as China [and] adversaries such as Libya". In other words, with their economic grip on the continent facing serious challenge, the Western world would increasingly have to rely on aggressive militarism in order to maintain its interests.
The recommendations of the committee would be implemented in 2006 with the creation of AFRICOM - the US army's African Command. AFRICOM was conceived as a sort of "School of the Americas" for Africa, designed to train African armies for use as proxy forces for maintaining Western control, with the 2010 US National Security Strategy specifically naming the African Union as one of the regional organizations it sought to co-opt.
Libya, however, proved most uncooperative. The leaked US diplomatic cables make it very clear that Libya was viewed by the US as THE main obstacle to establishing a full muscular US military presence on the African continent, regularly highlighting its "opposition" and "obstruction" to AFRICOM. With Gaddafi still a respected voice within the AU, having served as its elected Chairman in 2009, he wielded significant influence, and used this to spearhead opposition to what he considered the neocolonial aims of the AFRICOM initiative.
Meanwhile, Chinese investment in Africa was growing rapidly, having grown from $6 billion in 1999 to $90 billion 10 years later, displacing the US as the continent's largest trading partner. The need for a US military presence to cling on to the West's declining influence in Africa was growing ever more urgent. But Africa was not playing ball - and Gaddafi was (rightly) seen as leading the charge.
Fast forward to 2012, and US General Carter Ham, head of AFRICOM, was able to claim that "the conduct of military operations in Libya did afford now the opportunity to establish a military to military relationship with Libya, which did not previously exist". He went on to suggest that a US base would be established in the country (Gaddafi having expelled both the US and British bases shortly after coming to power in 1969), saying that some "assistance" would probably be necessary, in the form of a "military presence".
President Obama wasted no time in announcing the deployment of soldiers to four more African countries within weeks of the fall of Tripoli, and AFRICOM announced an unprecedented 14 joint military exercises in Africa for the following year.
Furthermore, NATO's attack had not only destroyed a powerful force for unity and independence in Africa, and a huge obstacle to Western military penetration of the continent, but it had also created the perfect conditions to justify further invasions.
The US had previously attempted to argue that its military presence was required in North Africa in order to fight against Al Qaeda; indeed, it had set up the Trans-Saharan Counter Terrorism Programme to this end. But as Muattasim Gaddafi had explained to Hillary Clinton in Washington in 2009, the program had been rendered redundant by the existing, and highly effective, security strategy of CEN-SAD (the Libyan-led Community of Sahel and Saharan states) and the North African Standby Force.
Like a classic protection racket, however, the British, US and French decided that if their protection wasn't needed, then they would have to create a need for it. The destruction of Libya tore the heart out of the North African security system, flooded the region with weapons and turned Libya into an ungoverned safe haven for violent militias. Now the resulting - and entirely predictable - instability has spread to Mali, the West are using it as an excuse for another war and occupation.
In a prescient warning (the book was published before France's recent invasion of Mali), Forte wrote that "intervention begets intervention. More intervention is needed to solve the problems caused by intervention".
The book is also very strong in exposing the ideology of the "human-rights industry" and its role in bringing about the Libyan war. Western liberal humanitarianism, argues Forte, "can only function by first directly or indirectly creating the suffering of others, and by then seeing every hand as an outstretched hand, pleading or welcoming". He exposes the role of groups like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, who helped perpetuate some of the worst lies about what was happening in Libya, such as the fictitious "African mercenaries" and "mass rape", and who in the case of Amnesty, "mere days into the uprising and well before it had a chance to ascertain, corroborate or confirm any facts on the ground…began launching public accusations against Libya, the African Union and the UNSC for failing to take action".
By calling for an assets freeze on Libya and an arms embargo ("and more actions with each passing day"), Amnesty "thus effectively made itself a party to the conflict"; it had become part of the propaganda war and myth making that was designed to facilitate the invasion.
This should not be surprising given Amnesty's history. Forte helpfully recalls that their promotion of the infamous "incubator babies" myth that justified the Iraq war of 1991 was later given by many Senators as having influenced their decision to vote for the attack. In the event, the Senate vote was passed by a majority of just six. The 1991 war devastated Iraq, which had barely recovered from the Iran-Iraq war and killed well over 100,000 people, as well as hundreds of thousands more from the diseases that ravaged the country following the deliberate destruction of its water and sewerage systems.
So it should be little surprise that Suzanne Nossel, a State Department official on Hillary Clinton's team, was made Executive Director of Amnesty-USA in November 2011. In her State Department job, Nossel had played a key role drawing up the UN Human Rights Council resolution against Libya that ultimately formed the basis of Security Council resolution 1973 that led to the aggression.
Forte also discusses the role of Soliman Bouchuiguir, former president of the "Libyan League for Human Rights", who emerges as the Libyan "Curveball". Curveball was the Iraqi "source" who came up with the lies about Saddam's non-existent "mobile chemical weapons factories" that were used to justify the 2003 Iraq war. Likewise, Bouchuiguir's wildly inflated casualty figures provided the raw material for the hysterical UNHRC resolutions against Libya that set the ball for war rolling. He admitted on camera later that there was no evidence for his claims - but not before 70 NGOs had signed a petition "demanding action" in response to them.
Much has been written elsewhere about the "neo-cons" who became (rightly) hated for their brutally idiotic conceptions of social change. But the liberal humanitarians are perhaps even more contemptible; after all, at least the neo-cons never claimed to be kind, or even interested in anything other than their own self-interest. Yet the liberal humanitarians seem - or at least claim - to be driven by some kind of higher purpose, which makes their constant calls for wars of aggression even more repulsive.
Forte puts it brilliantly: "The vision of our humanity that liberal imperialists entertain is one which constructs us as shrieking sacks of emotion. This is the elites' anthropology, one that views us as bags of nerve and muscle: throbbing with outrage, contracting with every story of "incubator babies", bulging up with animus at the arrest of Gay Girl in Damascus, recoiling at the sound of Viagra-fuelled mass rape.
From mass hysteria in Twitter to hundreds of thousands signing an online Avaaz petition calling for bombing Libya in the name of human rights, we become nerves of mass reaction….We scream for action via "social media", thumbs furiously in action on our "smart" phones. ..Then again, our "action" merely consists of asking the supremely endowed military establishment to act in our name." This anthropology is of course "accompanied by NATO's implicit sociology: societies can be remade through a steady course of high altitude bombings and drone strikes".
How exactly Libya has been remade is also discussed. The July 2012 elections in Libya, their very existence trumpeted in Western media as immediately vindicating every act of butchery the war brought about - regardless of whether the parliament being elected was likely to wield any actual influence over the country - saw fewer than half the eligible voting population take part. Even more intriguing were the results of a survey carried out in Libya by Oxford Research International that found that only 13% of Libyans said they wanted democracy within a year's time, and only 25% within five years.
Meanwhile, the new authorities set about persecuting their opponents, real and imagined. Tawergha was emptied of its entire population of around 20,000 black Libyans after militias from Misrata began systematically torching every home and business in the town, with the support of the central government.
Former residents now reside in refugee camps where they continue to be hunted down and killed, or in arbitrary detention in makeshift prisons. Candidacy for elections is barred to: workers (a professional qualification is needed); anyone who ever worked in any level of government between 1969 and 2011 (unless they could demonstrate "early and clear" support for the insurrection); anyone with academic study involving Gaddafi's Green book; and anyone who ever received any monetary benefit from Gaddafi.
A constitutional lawyer noted these restrictions would disqualify the Libyan population. Other new laws banned the spreading of "news reports, rumors or propaganda" that could "cause any damage to the state", with penalties of up to life in prison; and prison for anyone spreading information that "could weaken the citizens' morale" or for anyone who "attacks the February 17 revolution, denigrates Islam, the authority of the state or its institutions".
This is the new Libya for which the human-rights imperialists and their allies lobbied, killed and tortured so hard.
"The next time empire comes knocking in the name of human rights", concludes Forte, "please be found standing idly by".
This book is a must-read for anyone seriously interested in understanding the motives and consequences of the West's onslaught against Libya and African development.
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Article 19 of the UN Human Rights Charter explicitly states:"Everyone has the right to freedom of
opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of
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#include "pch.hpp"
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Reflection;
using namespace System::Runtime::CompilerServices;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
using namespace System::Security::Permissions;
//
// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following
// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information
// associated with an assembly.
//
[assembly:AssemblyTitleAttribute("editor_controls")];
[assembly:AssemblyDescriptionAttribute("")];
[assembly:AssemblyConfigurationAttribute("")];
[assembly:AssemblyCompanyAttribute("GSC Game World")];
[assembly:AssemblyProductAttribute("editor_controls")];
[assembly:AssemblyCopyrightAttribute("Copyright (c) GSC Game World 2008")];
[assembly:AssemblyTrademarkAttribute("")];
[assembly:AssemblyCultureAttribute("")];
//
// Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values:
//
// Major Version
// Minor Version
// Build Number
// Revision
//
// You can specify all the value or you can default the Revision and Build Numbers
// by using the '*' as shown below:
[assembly:AssemblyVersionAttribute("1.0.*")];
[assembly:ComVisible(false)];
[assembly:CLSCompliantAttribute(true)];
[assembly:SecurityPermission(SecurityAction::RequestMinimum, UnmanagedCode = true)];
| [
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] |
/*
* Copyright 2010 www.wojilu.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using wojilu.Aop;
using wojilu.DI;
using wojilu.Reflection;
using wojilu.Web.Mvc;
using wojilu.Web.Mvc.Interface;
namespace wojilu {
/// <summary>
/// 管理对象 Object 的容器。
/// 1. 保存了所有纳入容器的类型 Type。
/// 2. 将 Object 进行 Aop 拦截和 Ioc 注入处理。
/// </summary>
public class ObjectContext {
private static readonly ILog logger = LogManager.GetLogger( typeof( ObjectContext ) );
private static Object syncRoot = new object();
private static volatile ObjectContext _instance;
private ObjectContext() {
}
/// <summary>
/// 容器的实例(单例)
/// </summary>
public static ObjectContext Instance {
get {
if (_instance == null) {
lock (syncRoot) {
if (_instance == null) {
ObjectContext ctx = new ObjectContext();
InitInject( ctx );
_instance = ctx;
}
}
}
return _instance;
}
}
private static void InitInject( ObjectContext ctx ) {
loadAssemblyAndTypes( ctx );
resolveAndInject( ctx );
addNamedObjects( ctx );
addLowerTypeList( ctx );
}
private static void addLowerTypeList( ObjectContext ctx ) {
foreach (KeyValuePair<String, Type> kv in ctx.TypeList) {
ctx.LowerTypeList.Add( kv.Key.ToLower(), kv.Value );
}
}
private Dictionary<String, Assembly> _assemblyList = new Dictionary<String, Assembly>();
private Dictionary<String, Type[]> _assemblyTypes = new Dictionary<String, Type[]>();
private Dictionary<String, Type> _typeList = new Dictionary<String, Type>();
private Dictionary<String, Type> _lowerTypeList = new Dictionary<String, Type>();
private Dictionary<String, MapItem> _resolvedMap = new Dictionary<String, MapItem>();
private Hashtable _objectsContainerByName = new Hashtable();
private Hashtable _objectsContainerByType = new Hashtable();
private Dictionary<String, IDto> _dtoList = new Dictionary<string, IDto>();
/// <summary>
/// 所有纳入容器管理的程序集
/// </summary>
public Dictionary<String, Assembly> AssemblyList {
get { return _assemblyList; }
set { _assemblyList = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 所有程序集的 Dictionary
/// </summary>
public Dictionary<String, Type[]> AssemblyTypes {
get { return _assemblyTypes; }
set { _assemblyTypes = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 已经解析过的类型
/// </summary>
public Dictionary<String, MapItem> ResolvedMap {
get { return _resolvedMap; }
set { _resolvedMap = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 所有纳入容器管理的类型
/// </summary>
public Dictionary<String, Type> TypeList {
get { return _typeList; }
set { _typeList = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 所有纳入容器管理的类型(小写)
/// </summary>
public Dictionary<String, Type> LowerTypeList {
get { return _lowerTypeList; }
set { _lowerTypeList = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据名称罗列的对象表
/// </summary>
public Hashtable ObjectsByName {
get { return _objectsContainerByName; }
set { _objectsContainerByName = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据类型罗列的对象表,用于存储单例对象
/// </summary>
public Hashtable ObjectsByType {
get { return _objectsContainerByType; }
set { _objectsContainerByType = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取所有的dto(工厂),用于创建dto对象
/// </summary>
public Dictionary<String, IDto> DtoList {
get { return _dtoList; }
set { _dtoList = value; }
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// 根据名称获取类型 t
/// </summary>
/// <param name="typeFullName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Type GetType( String typeFullName ) {
Type t;
Instance.TypeList.TryGetValue( typeFullName, out t );
return t;
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据依赖注入的配置文件中的 name 获取对象。根据配置属性Singleton决定是否单例。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objectName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Object GetByName( String objectName ) {
if (Instance.ResolvedMap.ContainsKey( objectName ) == false) return null;
MapItem item = Instance.ResolvedMap[objectName];
if (item == null) return null;
if (item.Singleton)
return Instance.ObjectsByName[objectName];
else
return createInstanceAndInject( item );
}
/// <summary>
/// 从缓存中取对象(经过Aop和Ioc处理),结果是单例
/// </summary>
/// <param name="typeFullName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Object GetByType( String typeFullName ) {
if (Instance.TypeList.ContainsKey( typeFullName ) == false) return null;
Type t = Instance.TypeList[typeFullName];
return GetByType( t );
}
/// <summary>
/// 从缓存中取对象(经过Aop和Ioc处理),结果是单例
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Object GetByType( Type t ) {
if (t == null) return null;
Object result = Instance.ObjectsByType[t.FullName];
if (result == null) {
MapItem mapItem = getMapItemByType( t );
if (mapItem == null) {
mapItem = new MapItem();
mapItem.TargetType = t;
}
result = createInstanceAndInject( mapItem );
Instance.ObjectsByType[t.FullName] = result;
}
return result;
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// 创建一个经过Aop和Ioc处理的对象,结果不是单例。
/// 如果需要拦截,则创建代理子类;然后检测是否需要注入。
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T Create<T>() {
return (T)CreateObject( typeof( T ), null );
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建一个经过Aop和Ioc处理的对象,结果不是单例。
/// 如果需要拦截,则创建代理子类;然后检测是否需要注入。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="typeFullName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Object Create( String typeFullName ) {
Type t = GetType( typeFullName );
if (t == null) return null;
return CreateObject( t );
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建一个经过Aop和Ioc处理的对象,结果不是单例。
/// 如果需要拦截,则创建代理子类;然后检测是否需要注入。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="targetType"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Object Create( Type targetType ) {
return CreateObject( targetType );
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建一个经过Aop和Ioc处理的对象,结果不是单例。
/// 如果需要拦截,则创建代理子类;然后检测是否需要注入。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="targetType"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static Object CreateObject( Type targetType ) {
return CreateObject( targetType, null );
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建一个经过Aop和Ioc处理的对象,结果不是单例。
/// 如果需要拦截,则创建代理子类;然后检测是否需要注入。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="targetType"></param>
/// <param name="invokerName">如果是根据接口自动装配,</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static Object CreateObject( Type targetType, Object invoker ) {
if (targetType == null) return null;
if (targetType.IsInterface) {
return CreateByInterface( targetType, invoker );
}
Object objTarget = AopContext.CreateObjectBySub( targetType );
Inject( objTarget );
return objTarget;
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据接口创建代理类,并经过注入处理。
/// 如果无法创建接口代理,则返回未经代理,但注入过的对象。
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">接口类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="targetType">需要代理的类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T Create<T>( Type targetType ) {
return (T)Create( targetType, typeof( T ) );
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据接口创建代理类,并经过注入处理。
/// 如果无法创建接口代理,则返回未经代理,但注入过的对象。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="targetType">需要代理的类型</param>
/// <param name="interfaceType">接口类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Object Create( Type targetType, Type interfaceType ) {
Object objTarget = AopContext.CreateObjectByInterface( targetType, interfaceType );
Inject( objTarget );
return objTarget;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// 根据接口创建实例。如果没有在MapItem中指定,则自动装配。
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="InterfaceType">接口类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="invoker">调用者,供map注入使用。要求在map中唯一,推荐当前对象或type</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static InterfaceType Create<InterfaceType>( Object invoker ) {
Object ret = CreateByInterface( typeof( InterfaceType ), invoker );
if (ret == null) return default( InterfaceType );
return (InterfaceType)ret;
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据接口创建实例。如果没有在MapItem中指定,则自动装配。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <param name="invokerName">调用者,供map注入使用。要求在map中唯一,推荐当前对象或type</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Object CreateByInterface( Type t, Object invoker ) {
var invokerName = getInvokerName( invoker );
// 根据map创建对象
if (strUtil.HasText( invokerName )) {
Object ret = ObjectContext.GetByName( invokerName );
if (ret != null) return ret;
}
// 自动装配
return getAutoWiredValue( t );
}
private static string getInvokerName( object invoker ) {
if (invoker == null) return null;
// 1) string
if (invoker is String) {
return invoker.ToString();
}
// 2) type
Type type = invoker as Type;
if (type != null) {
return type.FullName;
}
// 3) object
return invoker.GetType().FullName;
}
// 根据接口,获取自动绑定的值
private static Object getAutoWiredValue( Type interfaceType ) {
List<Type> typeList = GetTypeListByInterface( interfaceType );
if (typeList.Count == 0) {
return null; // 返回null
}
else if (typeList.Count == 1) {
return ObjectContext.Create( typeList[0], interfaceType );
}
else {
StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder();
foreach (Type t in typeList) {
msg.Append( t.FullName + "," );
}
throw new Exception( string.Format( "有多个接口实现,接口={0},实现={1} 没有明确指定,无法自动注入。", interfaceType.FullName, msg ) );
}
}
// 根据接口获取实例
public static List<Type> GetTypeListByInterface( Type interfaceType ) {
List<Type> typeList = new List<Type>();
foreach (KeyValuePair<String, Type> kv in ObjectContext.Instance.TypeList) {
if (rft.IsInterface( kv.Value, interfaceType )) {
typeList.Add( kv.Value );
}
}
return typeList;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------
private static MapItem getMapItemByType( Type t ) {
Dictionary<String, MapItem> resolvedMap = Instance.ResolvedMap;
foreach (KeyValuePair<String, MapItem> entry in resolvedMap) {
MapItem item = entry.Value;
if (t.FullName.Equals( item.Type )) return item;
}
return null;
}
// IOC注入:检查对象的属性,根据配置注入,如果没有配置,则自动装配
private static Object createInstanceAndInject( MapItem mapItem ) {
return createInstanceAndInject( mapItem, null );
}
/// <summary>
/// IOC注入:检查对象的属性,根据配置注入,如果没有配置,则自动装配
/// </summary>
/// <param name="mapItem"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static Object createInstanceAndInject( MapItem mapItem, Object objTarget ) {
Type targetType = mapItem.TargetType;
if (targetType.IsAbstract) {
logger.Info( "type is abstract=>" + targetType.FullName );
return null;
}
if (objTarget == null) {
objTarget = rft.GetInstance( targetType );
}
logger.Info( "inject type=>" + targetType.FullName );
// 检查所有属性
PropertyInfo[] properties = targetType.GetProperties( BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance );
foreach (PropertyInfo p in properties) {
if (!p.CanRead) continue;
if (!p.CanWrite) continue;
// 不是接口的跳过
if (!p.PropertyType.IsInterface) continue;
// 对接口进行注入检查
//-------------------------------------------------
// 如果有注入配置
Object mapValue = getMapValue( mapItem.Map, p );
if (mapValue != null) {
p.SetValue( objTarget, mapValue, null );
}
// 如果没有注入
else {
Object propertyValue = p.GetValue( objTarget, null );
// 自动装配
if (propertyValue == null) {
logger.Info( "property=>" + targetType.Name + "." + p.Name );
propertyValue = getAutoWiredValue( p.PropertyType );
if (propertyValue != null) {
p.SetValue( objTarget, propertyValue, null );
}
else {
logger.Info( "property is null=>" + p.Name );
}
}
}
}
return objTarget;
}
private static Object getMapValue( Dictionary<String, String> maps, PropertyInfo p ) {
if (maps == null || maps.Count == 0) return null;
foreach (KeyValuePair<String, String> entry in maps) {
Object x = GetByName( entry.Value );
if (x != null) return x;
}
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// 用Aop拦截所有属性对象。
/// 如果属性有接口,按照接口拦截;否则按照子类拦截
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objTarget"></param>
public static Object InterceptProperty( Object objTarget ) {
Type targetType = objTarget.GetType();
PropertyInfo[] properties = targetType.GetProperties( BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance );
foreach (PropertyInfo p in properties) {
if (!p.CanRead) continue;
if (!p.CanWrite) continue;
if (rft.IsBaseType( p.PropertyType )) continue;
Object oValue = p.GetValue( objTarget, null );
if (oValue == null) {
logger.Info( "property value is null. type = " + targetType.FullName + ", property = " + p.Name );
continue;
}
Type pType = oValue.GetType();
Object propertyValue = oValue;
if (p.PropertyType.IsInterface) {
if (AopContext.CanCreateInterfaceProxy( pType, p.PropertyType )) {
propertyValue = AopContext.createProxyByInterface( pType, p.PropertyType );
if (propertyValue != null) {
p.SetValue( objTarget, propertyValue, null );
}
}
}
else if (AopContext.CanCreateSubProxy( pType )) {
propertyValue = AopContext.createProxyBySub( pType );
if (propertyValue != null) {
p.SetValue( objTarget, propertyValue, null );
}
}
}
return objTarget;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
private static void loadAssemblyAndTypes( ObjectContext ctx ) {
String appSettings = cfgHelper.GetAppSettings( "InjectAssembly" );
if (strUtil.IsNullOrEmpty( appSettings )) return;
String[] strArray = appSettings.Split( new char[] { ',' } );
foreach (String asmStr in strArray) {
if (strUtil.IsNullOrEmpty( asmStr )) continue;
String asmName = asmStr.Trim();
Assembly assembly = loadAssemblyPrivate( asmName, ctx );
findTypesPrivate( assembly, asmName, ctx );
}
}
private static Assembly loadAssemblyPrivate( String asmName, ObjectContext ctx ) {
Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load( asmName );
ctx.AssemblyList.Add( asmName, assembly );
return assembly;
}
private static void findTypesPrivate( Assembly assembly, String asmName, ObjectContext ctx ) {
Type[] types = assembly.GetTypes();
ctx.AssemblyTypes.Add( asmName, types );
foreach (Type type in types) {
if (type.Name.StartsWith( "<>f__AnonymousType" )) continue;
try {
ctx.TypeList.Add( type.FullName, type );
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new Exception( ex.Message + ":" + type.FullName, ex );
}
if (rft.IsInterface( type, typeof( IDto ) )) {
ctx.DtoList.Add( strUtil.TrimEnd( type.FullName, "Dto" ), (IDto)rft.GetInstance( type ) );
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 加载程序集并返回此程序集,如果容器中已存在,则直接从容器中获取
/// </summary>
/// <param name="asmName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Assembly LoadAssembly( String asmName ) {
Assembly assembly;
Instance.AssemblyList.TryGetValue( asmName, out assembly );
if (assembly == null) {
try {
assembly = Assembly.Load( asmName );
}
catch (Exception ex) {
String msg = string.Format( "无法加载程序集:{0}, 请检查名称是否正确", asmName );
logger.Error( msg );
logger.Error( ex.Message );
logger.Error( ex.StackTrace );
throw new AssemblyNotFoundException( msg );
}
Instance.AssemblyList.Add( asmName, assembly );
}
return assembly;
}
/// <summary>
/// 加载某程序集里的所有类型,如果容器中已存在,则直接从容器中获取
/// </summary>
/// <param name="asmName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Type[] FindTypes( String asmName ) {
Type[] types;// = Instance.AssemblyTypes[asmName];
Instance.AssemblyTypes.TryGetValue( asmName, out types );
if (types == null) {
types = LoadAssembly( asmName ).GetTypes();
Instance.AssemblyTypes.Add( asmName, types );
foreach (Type type in types) {
try {
Instance.TypeList.Add( type.FullName, type );
}
catch (Exception ex) {
String msg = "type exist: " + type.FullName;
logger.Error( msg );
throw new Exception( msg, ex );
}
}
}
return types;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
private static void resolveAndInject( ObjectContext ctx ) {
List<MapItem> maps = cdb.findAll<MapItem>();
if (maps.Count <= 0) return;
Dictionary<String, MapItem> resolvedMap = new Dictionary<String, MapItem>();
logger.Info( "resolve item begin..." );
resolveMapItem( maps, resolvedMap, ctx );
logger.Info( "inject Object begin..." );
injectObjects( maps, resolvedMap );
ctx.ResolvedMap = resolvedMap;
}
private static void resolveMapItem( List<MapItem> maps, Dictionary<String, MapItem> resolvedMap, ObjectContext ctx ) {
foreach (MapItem oneMap in maps) {
Type type;// = ctx.TypeList[oneMap.Type];
ctx.TypeList.TryGetValue( oneMap.Type, out type );
if (type == null) continue;
logger.Info( "resolve:" + oneMap.Name );
if (oneMap.Singleton) {
// ObjectsByType中存储的都是单例对象
oneMap.TargetObject = checkByCache( type, ctx );
}
else {
oneMap.TargetObject = rft.GetInstance( type );
}
resolvedMap[oneMap.Name] = oneMap;
}
}
private static Object checkByCache( Type t, ObjectContext ctx ) {
if (ctx.ObjectsByType[t.FullName] == null) {
ctx.ObjectsByType.Add( t.FullName, rft.GetInstance( t ) );
}
return ctx.ObjectsByType[t.FullName];
}
private static void injectObjects( List<MapItem> mapItems, Dictionary<String, MapItem> resolvedMap ) {
foreach (MapItem item in mapItems) {
logger.Info( "inject:" + item.Name );
Dictionary<String, String> maps = item.Map;
if (maps.Count <= 0) continue;
foreach (KeyValuePair<String, String> entry in maps) {
logger.Info( "------inject key:" + entry.Key );
MapItem referencedItem;// = resolvedMap[entry.Value.ToString()];
resolvedMap.TryGetValue( entry.Value, out referencedItem );
if (referencedItem != null) {
ReflectionUtil.SetPropertyValue( item.TargetObject, entry.Key, referencedItem.TargetObject );
}
}
}
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
private static void addNamedObjects( ObjectContext ctx ) {
Dictionary<String, MapItem> resolvedMap = ctx.ResolvedMap;
Hashtable namedObjects = new Hashtable();
foreach (KeyValuePair<String, MapItem> entry in resolvedMap) {
MapItem item = entry.Value;
namedObjects.Add( item.Name, item.TargetObject );
}
ctx.ObjectsByName = namedObjects;
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据容器配置(IOC),将依赖关系注入到已创建的对象中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj"></param>
public static void Inject( Object obj ) {
if (obj == null) return;
Type t = obj.GetType();
MapItem mapItem = getMapItemByType( t );
if (mapItem == null) {
mapItem = new MapItem();
mapItem.TargetType = t;
mapItem.TargetObject = obj;
}
createInstanceAndInject( mapItem, obj );
}
}
}
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] |
Q:
How to convert from Java 8 to Java 7
I have to convert this function from Java 8 to Java 7
List<LinkBackofficeServiziBean> linkBackofficeServiziBeans = servizi.stream()
.map((Integer servizio) -> new LinkBackofficeServiziBean(servizio,userId))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
A:
Java 7 does not have lambdas, easiest way I can see to port this to Java 7 is to instantiate the List then use a for-each loop to populate it. Something like,
List<LinkBackofficeServiziBean> linkBackofficeServiziBeans = new ArrayList<>();
for (Integer servizio : servizi) {
linkBackofficeServiziBeans.add(new LinkBackofficeServiziBean(servizio,userId));
}
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/*
* Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* This software was developed by the Computer Systems Engineering group
* at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory under DARPA contract BG 91-66 and
* contributed to Berkeley.
*
* All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the University of
* California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the University of
* California, Berkeley and its contributors.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* @(#)cgthreereg.h 8.2 (Berkeley) 10/30/93
*
* from: $Header: cgthreereg.h,v 1.7 93/10/31 05:09:28 torek Exp $
*/
/*
* cgthree display registers. Much like bwtwo registers, except that
* there is a Brooktree Video DAC in there (so we also use btreg.h).
*/
/* offsets */
#define CG3REG_ID 0
#define CG3REG_REG 0x400000
#define CG3REG_MEM 0x800000
/* same, but for gdb */
struct cgthree_all {
long ba_id; /* ID = 0xfe010104 on my IPC */
char ba_xxx0[0x400000-4];
struct bt_regs ba_btreg; /* Brooktree registers */
char ba_xxx1[0x400000-sizeof(struct bt_regs)];
char ba_ram[4096]; /* actually larger */
};
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] |
Early in Thomas Mallon’s new novel about the Watergate scandal, President Nixon’s secretary wonders when her boss will get his own marble temple on the Mall. It’s the sort of arresting moment of naivete that frequently punctuates this witty, surprisingly humane dramatization of that vaudevillian chapter in American politics.
Four decades have passed since five bungling burglars were arrested in the Democratic National Committee headquarters, indelibly contaminating a posh commercial-residential complex with the stink of our nation’s most bizarre political ordeal. Many of the participants have served their time (in prison and on television), written their best-selling memoirs, and passed into those great 181/2 minutes of oblivion. After Irangate, Whitewatergate, Monicagate and even Nipplegate, the scandal-infused suffix gets tossed around now by people who weren’t even born when the sweaty president looked into the TV cameras and claimed, “I’m not a crook.”
The time is right, then, for a novelist to bring us together again, and perhaps no one is better equipped than this Washington-based writer who has blended political history and speculation so effectively in such books as “Dewey Defeats Truman,”“Henry and Clara” and “Fellow Travelers.” Running up and down what he calls “the always sliding scale of historical fiction,” Mallon entices us back to those frenzied pre-Internet days of the Dictabelt, the smoking gun, the hush money, the Saturday Night Massacre, the Enemies List, Deep Throat, CREEP and “expletive deleted” — the whole, labyrinthine episode that newly sworn-in President Gerald Ford too expansively characterized as “an American tragedy in which we all have played a part.”
While staying close to the chronology of events, Mallon distinguishes his story from the library of books that have come before by shaping “Watergate” in his own inimitable way. Nixon’s the one, of course, and all the spiteful principals are here, too, caught by the author’s delectable humor, from H.R. Haldeman, “the castle’s ogre,” to Chuck Colson, “a kind of mad relative who needed to be kept out of sight.” But Mallon has rotated the cast of characters, pulling some stars out of the limelight and raising others into new prominence. Henry Kissinger just creeps around the edges of the story, “underlining his every offhand insight with some guttural profundity or toadying compliment.” Although you might expect G. Gordon Liddy to be the zany court jester in a comedy about Watergate, he’s mostly offstage here. And those of us suckled on the legend of Woodward and Bernstein will be surprised to find The Washington Post — “Kay’s rag” — reduced to a little footnote in this version of the tale.
Instead, Mallon’s “Watergate” places presidential aide Fred LaRue, “the bagman,” at the center, not as the instigator but as the troubled conscience of the novel. A wealthy, unflappably gracious Mississippi oilman, LaRue is the story’s Nick Carraway, always within and without. He conspires to protect the president even as he hopes to save his own soul, haunted because he shot his father during a hunting trip in Canada years earlier. History, Mallon suggests, is not a clash of titans but just the magnified effects of ordinary people’s secret longings and fears.
That’s nowhere more evident than in the novel’s discerning portrayal of Richard Nixon, who limps through these pages with his eyes fixed on the future. Baffled by the animus of his critics, pained to hurt anyone’s feelings, and haunted by the ghost of his dead brother, the president struggles to maintain his “madly dissociative smile” while hoping that the transcripts of his genius eventually place him in the pantheon of American leaders. It’s a brilliant presentation, subtle and sympathetic but spiked with satire that captures the man in all his crippling self-consciousness, his boundless capacity for self-pity and re-invention. Clinging to “the power of Dr. Peale’s positive thinking,” he sometimes sees himself as Christ crucified, sometimes as Eichmann in a glass cage. Mallon peers deep into “this darkest of dark horses, this misanthrope in a flesh-presser’s profession, able to succeed from cunning and a talent for denying reality at close range.” By the end, this Nixon is no Macbeth; he’s more King Lear, penniless and raving on the wild heath of political disgrace.
But no matter how perceptive his portrayal of Nixon, LaRue, Howard Hunt or Elliot Richardson, to a great extent Mallon has turned the story of Watergate into a story of the women involved. Nowhere is he more discerning than in his depiction of Martha Mitchell, the erratic wife of the attorney general; Rose Mary Woods, the president’s ferociously loyal secretary; and Dorothy Hunt, who blackmails the “plumbers” while her husband mingles old stories of his CIA days with plots for his spy novels. They’re all captivatingly powerful “gals,” trapped in their own chauvinistic ideals, fighting to defend their men past all reason. Pat Nixon, especially, becomes the novel’s tragic heroine. She’s exhausted by the struggles of politics, disgusted by journalists’ casual meanness, desperate for a life of kindness and romance she once briefly enjoyed.
And all these women are outshone by Mallon’s hilarious resurrection of Alice Longworth, the sharp-tongued daughter of Teddy Roosevelt, “a creature of motiveless mischief” whose needlepoint pillow admonishes guests, “If you can’t say something good about someone, sit right here by me.” (Indeed, Longworth’s astringent tone flavors the narrative as a whole. Like the “old crone,” Mallon can deliver fatal shots to the base of the ego with just a single phrase.) Pulling generously from the record of Longworth’s quips and put-downs, the author uses her as an ironic gargoyle in a wide-brimmed hat peering down from Dupont Circle on the capital’s parade of vanity and intrigue. No one escapes her tongue. Florida Sen. Edward Gurney looks like “a tennis pro who had just retired to become the hotel gigolo.” In the wake of two prominent senators’ respective scandals — Chappaquiddick and psychotherapy — she dubs Ted Kennedy and Thomas Eagleton “Waterproof and Shockproof.” At Art Buchwald’s birthday party, she greets the popular humorist by saying, “If I’d ever read your column, I’d quote you a line or two from it.”
The novel expands creatively on Longworth’s friendship with Nixon and imagines him as her “kindred spirit,” the two of them sharing some of the story’s most poignant moments. Scores of people were eventually convicted, but “the little cloak and dagger foolishness of Watergate” doesn’t impress Longworth much; she remembers real crises, when “legless Civil War veterans [were] begging in the streets.” That long-range historical perspective combined with her acidic wit conveys the novel’s implicit argument that there’s something absurd about a country as freighted with responsibilities and challenges as ours tearing itself apart over this cheap crime.
But despite the investigative evidence available, Mallon’s reconstruction of events defuses blame — not to excuse anyone in particular but to convey the mad chaos that sweeps up all the president’s men. No matter how Machiavellian Haldeman pretends to be, there is no master plot, no puppeteer, no grand scheme behind all these shenanigans. In the constantly shifting perspectives of “Watergate,” we can see that no one knows where the idea for the break-in came from — Liddy? Jeb Magruder? One of Hunt’s spy thrillers? The coverup isn’t a conspiracy so much as a farce of misdirection and self-delusion, as everyone jockeys in the dark for advancement or plea bargains or book deals or positions in the next administration.
But beware: This novel is strictly BYOW (Bring Your Own Wikipedia). Unless you actually participated in the break-in, “Watergate” will challenge your memory of those internecine months before the president resigned. The author of seven previous novels, Mallon has never before taken on a subject so voluminously over-documented, and he expects his readers to have bloodied their fingertips in the archives. He has no more use for exposition than Haldeman had for alcohol (and if you don’t get that joke, consider yourself warned). Political references and allusions fall from these pages as thickly as confetti at the Republican convention; catch them if you can. Even by Washington standards, this is the name-droppiest novel I’ve ever read — like having lunch at Charlie Palmer’s with the most ambitious congressional aide in the District. The advent of e-readers will make it easy for Washington’s elder elite to search for themselves in these chapters, and Mallon may find himself on several new Enemies Lists. (He certainly won’t be getting Christmas cards from Patrick Buchanan or the senior George Bush.)
His decision to focus so intensely on the interior story of the Watergate participants saves Mallon the trouble of retelling the history that’s been told (and lied about) before. But it also produces a novel that’s daringly undramatic. Essentially everything here happens off-stage, from the break-in all the way to — spoiler alert! — the pardon. There’s no drama from the Senate hearings, no journalistic derring-do. The book remains compelling only because Mallon writes with such wit and psychological acuity as he spins this carousel of characters caught in a scandal that’s constantly fracturing into new crises.
”Watergate” by Thomas Mallon (Pantheon Books)
Indeed, despite the country-shaking events constantly breaking in the background, this remains a novel of conversation and introspection, the dark fears of the famous and the humble. Mallon captures all the strange people who “made the Watergate a whole damned world unto itself,” but he also makes that world seem very small. It’s a dramatic reminder that, as Tip O’Neill was fond of saying, all politics is local.
Charles is The Post’s fiction editor. You can follow him on Twitter: @RonCharles.
WATERGATE
By Thomas Mallon
Pantheon.
432 pp. $26.95
Ron Charles is the editor of The Washington Post's Book World. For a dozen years, he enjoyed teaching American literature and critical theory in the Midwest, but finally switched to journalism when he realized that if he graded one more paper, he'd go crazy.
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He is most friendly but he is dangerous. In the first game you have to check Pirate Cove so Foxy doesn't come out. In the second game you have to check the hallway and if he is there, you have to shine your flashlight at him from time to time. In the third game he can give an error to the ventilization system or something like that (just like what most Phantom animatronics do when they jump scare you) only when he jump scares you after viewing the monitor from seeing him. In the fourth game he acts like Nightmare Freddy but he hinds in the closet instead. You have to make sure when you check the closet that he is a plushie Foxy instead. If he comes to life you have to flash your light at him and close the closet door. He will also make a gnarling sound if his head is poking out of the closet.
Well yes, you are right about everything. Except one thing. Foxy is not friendly, he is an animatronic as much as all the others. He is very dangerous, and wants to kill you as much as Freddy, toy Bonnie or Chicka does. - timelordgaia
You always have to watch him. He, could strike at any moment. - nintendofan126
You Know When You Have That Mask On? Foxy IS Dangerous Cause When Foxy Is there either way Your Dead He Can See That Your The Night Guard!
This must of caused Scott Cawthon's nightmares about Bonnie the Bunny!
I know in the first game the endoskeleton in parts and services probaly belongs to bonnie so it might be in the 2nd game too ( or it could be freddy, golden freddy or foxy most likely golden freddy) if I'm wrong I'm a ass
This is a theory, but it is reasonable, if I remember, one of the phone calls (Not sure which, please type down below in the comments(not YouTube)) Says "Someone" Is using a yellow suit, though Phone Guy/Phone Dude acts really suspicious when he says it... A YELLOW suit...
Oh...I get it...It probably means that BB is one of the most severely underrated characters and Bonnie is one of the most overrated. So if BB was real and alive, he's on for hunting Bonnie and turn him into rabbit soup.
What the heck are you talking about?! This is weird, but funny!
Holy sweet succulent double A batteries, this made my day! I laughed for 20 hours straight...
He is not a good guy, he and the other analytics are trying to kill you.
Well, he is a good guy because he's the only animatronic that doesn't go up in your face and scare you. He just leans in and screeches. He does that because when you don't check up on him for a while, he thinks something happened to you so he goes to the office to check up on you but his voice box malfunctions resulting into a screech giving mike schmidt a heart attack.
THIS IS a true example of who kids take THEORIES as FACTS. Foxy is NOT a good guy, he NEVER WILL BE, it is JUST A THEORY. - DCfnaf
If he is good why he doesen't protect you from the other animatronics? - Flowerrose
There is a theory that Foxy was added after the trailer. Another one is that Scott wanted to keep Foxy a secret.
Think that was foxy
Cool
YES because WHEN I WATH THE TRAILAR I SOW BONNIE RUN
18Mike Schmidt might be hallucinating Golden Freddy
No hallucination. it's an actual ghost. from the bite of 83(NOT 87, because that's another time! Every time you correct me, you are leaving out an important detail! Phone Guy: "It's amazing someone could live without a frontal lobe," the child died. He went into a coma and relived his nightmare before letting go of all of his "friends,"(his stuffed animals) and dying(you can hear a long beep whenever he faded away himself, as though he is in a hospital and he died).
19The three most possible causes of the Bite of 87 were Freddy, Foxy, or the Mangle
Freddy is the only one that CAN do the bite of 87. Foxy couldn't because he would kill the victim in every way because his jaw is too long. Phone Guy only said that the frontal lobe was gone not the head. Mangle can't for the same reason. Freddy has the perfect jaw length, design, and head size to bite the frontal lobe off while making sure his victim survives with his frontal lobe gone but head intact.
It HAS to be Mangle. A kid's head could not fit into any other mouth. And plus, she had a reason to. People were taking her apart and putting her back together. She loved kids, but hated adults. And an adult was the Bite of 87 victim. A child was the Bite of '83 victim.
The victim of The Bite of 87 is known as Jeremy Fitzgerald, if I got that correct. - Doge4lifeGaming
I vote for Mangle to be the animatronic that caused the Bite of 1987. Remember the phone call on Night 3 in Five Nights At Freddy's 2 when the phone guy says this?"They tried to remake Foxy, ya know? Uh, they thought the first one was too scary, so they redesigned him to be more kid-friendly & put him in Kid's Cove. To keep the toddlers entertained...you know. But kids these days just can't keep their hands to themselves." Kids couldn't keep their hands to themselves, eh? That's because they all hate the Mangle. I hate the Mangle, too. If children want to tear apart Foxy's replacement, I say let them. The Mangle is a robot that seeks revenge for being treated as a mess of parts. He/she must be destroyed.
Freddy has a handprint on his face suggesting a child could be resisting and foxy and mangle have the right teeth and the right shape to be able to rip out someone's frontal lobe
I'm not so sure about this. The only reason I commented on this is because I think that it IS possible that Marionette or The Puppet is a boy because the dead child that Purple Guy kills MIGHT be the Puppet. No one will really know...
The puppets is a boy because when you play the game the purple man kills him
I think that the puppet is the kids mom who died. After they are killed and stuffed. The puppets "Gives them life" so that they can have a "Second chance"
You are correct. the first game took place during the 90's. There is belief that it was Mangle instead.
Basically in the first game, the phone guy states:
"They used to walk around the during the day, until there was the bite of '87"
I mean think about it, if the public saw foxy bite the child's frontal lobe off due to a malfunction, the company would have annihilated him and would ve used for parts but he was put out of order. So as a result, foxy didn't cause the bite. Another animatronic did.
Fredbear caused the bite. - DCfnaf
Haven't you guys thinked about it? Scott loves Bonnie right? And nobody thinks that it is Bonnie who 'caused the bite of '87 but maybe it was him! Like I said, Scott loves Bonnie and he picked the right animatronic so nobody could notice it was Bonnie.
23Purple guy is just the mistakenly thought of the child who saw him with the shadows casts on him
First of all game theory pronounced this so it is right!
I saw that on game theory too
24Chica has been mistaken for being a male
She is a girl people!
Chica is a woman! 1
Wiki doesn't tell the truth
You people suck! Didn't you read Chica wiki! She is a GIRL, YOU JERK! That's why Scoot makes Toy Chica have a big...BOOBS...so he can prove that Chica is a GIRL! Enough with this! Let's end this by saying that Chica is a GIRL!
Well... it's...true.. pink guy is the killer and puppet is the only good animatronic and purple guy is the night guard. It looks like I'm not only really smart one because I'm the one with most of the answers except for the guy who posted this.
Toy Chica Removes Her Beak at night at day when serving the kids she has her beak and at night black eyes! at day she has Light Blue eyes to not look so scary
She so does
Ikr she look way scarier now welll a lil creepy- maya wilson
29Balloon boy's buttons change from black to white when he enters your office
The reason why his buttons appear black is because he is in the dark, and when he is in your office you have light that actually shows it is white the whole time, even when he is in the dark.
I've seen this happen while I played!
This is so true!
30The screech heard when you're caught is the heavily distorted scream of a child
Yes and this made me think of something else, the Bite of '87. Another reason it was Foxy is that his scream sounds like a child.
Okay, here we go again. Sure, the screech is a distorted child scream but you guys are turning this into a "Foxy is good" thing. FOXY ISN'T A GOOD GUY! You could say his voice is broken, but every animatronic, I repeat, every animatronic has the same screech noise. Need I say more?
It's a really high pitch scream when your voice box is brocken
31The endoskeleton than comes out the box is golden Freddy's endoskeleton
They are not the same because the Marionette is the puppet masters WIFE
Marionette is not gender specific.
Earlier you said it was a boy
Puppet may be a girl because the son died and was stuffed into golden freddy and the mother was puppet and she was transformed into puppets body and gave life to the animatronics so puppet doesn't have a gender so it might be correct but maybe transgender? my opinion
34Due to all animatronic noises occurring, it took all four animatronics to kill Phone Guy
That is only a theory. Another theory is that PG faked his own death
Technically it didn’t take any of the old animatronics suck and Bonnie Chica freddy or fox since Bonnie and foxy come from the left and there was banging on the door and also Freddy comes from the left. Since we have no evidence that Chica was in the room it could have been any of the newer models or the puppet or g freddy makes more sense since they have super natural powers, then again that is just a theory
I love PG.
35Scott leaves hidden messages in Scott Games
No duh. everyone knows that
Y'all don't have to be rude to whoever wrote this
HE ALWAYS LEAVE A MESSAGES
We know that he left messages in the game.It is right there you know we know we all know.Du.
List Stats
500 votes44 listings3 years, 343 days old
Top Remixes
1. Bonnie is shown removing his mask in the first trailer
2. Goldy = Phone Dude
3. Foxy lied to you
QuarterGuysApprentice
1. Before Scott Cawthon created Five Nights at Freddy's he worked on other games but people said the characters looked like animatronic animals Scott though about it then he made Five Nights at Freddy's
2. The creator Scott Cawthon thinks Bonnie is the scariest animatronic because he had several nightmares about him
3. In the trailer for Five Nights at Freddy's, Bonnie is seen running down the hallway
nintendofan126
1. Before Scott Cawthon created Five Nights at Freddy's he worked on other games but people said the characters looked like animatronic animals Scott though about it then he made Five Nights at Freddy's
2. The creator Scott Cawthon thinks Bonnie is the scariest animatronic because he had several nightmares about him
3. Bonnie is the only animatronic without eyebrows | [
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] |
I usually don’t watch CNN but I happened to catch attorney, political commentator and former politician Bakari Sellers talking about the recent controversy involving Minnesota Congresswoman Ilhan Omar.
Rep. Omar was busted last week for tweeting Diddy’s “All About the Benjamins” in reference to the political influence of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, or AIPAC. The organization of U.S. citizens works to strengthen, protect and promote the U.S.-Israel relationship.
Omar has been consistent in bangin’ against many forms of lobbying, not just AIPAC, but because she is Black and a Muslim, she is being closely watched.
Although both progressives in the Democratic Party and pre-election Trump agreed that D.C. is swamped up with corporate and special interest groups overpowering voters, Omar was busted and handcuffed by Nancy Pelosi, Chuck Schumer, the mainstream media and members of the Congressional Black Caucus. They were watching her closely and found something to bust her on.
I’m familiar with Sellers as he is a regular on CNN and active on Twitter. He also graduated from my alma mater, Morehouse College, in Atlanta, Georgia. I try my best and have a natural inclination to root for “everyone Black” but I stopped rooting for Sellers last week.
I should have known that if you work at CNN, you’re likely problematic as the network fired our brother Lamont Hill for speaking up for the Palestinian people. After watching him on CNN condescendingly call Rep. Omar “ignorant” for her tweets, I grew suspicious and did some homework. Sellers’ attacks on Omar seemed a bit too aggressive — more than your average white guy in the Democratic Party.
The first thing that popped up was Sellers cheesing with pro-MAGA billionaire Sheldon Adelson, a right-wing Zionist who bangs hard for Israel and against Palestinians. He uses his big wallet to bang for his people and to influence political leaders in America as much as possible. (Omar’s position, along with other progressives, is that there is too much money swamping around in American politics that doesn’t put Americans first.)
Would Sellers ever call Adelson ignorant or even criticize him? Why go so hard on the Black woman when you won’t criticize right-wing extremists bangin’ for Israel?
The next thing that caught my eye is AIPAC recruited Sellers while he was student government president at Morehouse. Apparently, they have a strategy to recruit future Black leaders at HBCUs. They also fund trips to Israel so U.S. politicians can learn more about Israel. Sellers is one of many Black politicians whose trip to Israel was sponsored by AIPAC .
As of 2016, Sellers served on the national council of AIPAC and in 2018 he spoke at a national AIPAC conference so it’s safe to assume he is still AIPAC’d out.
Sellers made history in 2006 when, at age 22, he defeated a 26-year incumbent state representative to become the youngest member of the South Carolina state legislature and the youngest African American elected official in the nation.
Sellers said this at an AIPAC event about their support and sponsorship of his rise:
“The way I’m able to communicate, the exposure, the people that I’ve met – a lot of people I’ve met at the AIPAC policy conference became a huge part of my fundraising base,” Sellers told an AIPAC event.
Sellers personally lobbied on behalf of AIPAC by sending the following letter bangin’ against Iran and the BDS movement on college campuses. Why is a Black man from South Carolina bangin’ so hard for white folks, one could ask? You can find the deceit in corporate Democrats when they bang against MAGA white supremacy over here but crip walk for it over there. You can bang against a right-wing Donald Trump but you don’t have the courage and independence to bang against the right-wing Benjamin Netanyahu.
Let me define being “AIPAC’d out”. It’s when you go on national TV and criticize a Black woman who happens to be Muslim and call her words ignorant without telling the viewers that you have a conflicted professional relationship with AIPAC, the very organization this courageous Black woman is criticizing.
Black politicians have traditionally had a particular path to become successful. You need to partner with this lobby and that lobby to get funded and become streamlined in the political system in America. You need to have the right associations to join the ranks of America’s political design. Based on the increasing flow of information and the recent work by the Justice Democrats and other progressive leaders like Omar, I’m optimistic that the younger generation of Black America doesn’t have to be “AIPAC’d Out” and select the white group over the Palestinian group.
Being AIPAC’d out has no chance of being popular in Black America. Most of us want authentic leaders who rely on American voters vs. special interests groups like AIPAC. Admittedly, AIPAC is pro-Israel. Black people having an extreme pro-Israel bias within the context of global white supremacy is inconsistent with being pro-Black.
One thing about AIPAC is they are well funded with an annual budget of $100 million, super-organized, and they recruit extremely well at HBCUs. They seek to indoctrinate future Black leaders with pro-Israel philosophy.
It’s time to build strong Black organizations so that we see more leaders like Omar than Sellers in the U.S. Congress.
Next time Sellers talks about a serious subject related to AIPAC, the audience deserves to know whether he is “AIPAC’d out.” Sellers’ pro-Israel foreign policy and his political career seem to prove out what Omar was trying to say with Diddy’s “All About the Benjamins.”
About Jamarlin Martin
Jamarlin Martin is the founder and CEO of Nubai Ventures. A pioneer and thought leader in digital media, he grew his prior venture into a multiple-brand digital media and entertainment platform before selling three brands (Bossip, MadameNoire, and HipHopWired) to Urban One. Dubbed a "digital powerhouse" by Jet Magazine, Mr. Martin has been listed in the Ebony 100 list of most influential African-Americans. His insight and acumen have been hailed in the press, including Inc. Magazine; OZY Media, which described him as an "Emperor of Digital Media"; Advertising Age; Digiday; and Fortune's "David and Goliath" column. Highly respected in the digital media industry, Mr. Martin received the prestigious EY Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2015, amongst other noteworthy awards. He is often cited as a subject-matter expert in paid discovery marketing, which he considers an essential element to grow multimillion dollar digital brands in the shortest time possible. Jamarlin Martin's media career began with blogging on financial markets, where he founded The Detached Trader. He attended Syracuse University College of Law and earned his political science degree from Morehouse College.
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] |
Not because he won with the long putter, but because his continued use of that putter may come to an end as a result of a rule change expected by the United States Golf Association and the Royal & Ancient that will outlaw any anchored putting stroke.
Will he return to a mediocre putter when he has to back to a standard putter?
Or now that he has the confidence, will it not really matter how he putts?
Scott’s game is at such a high level at this point that he’ll go into every major as a favorite.
He was at the Players Championship and was on the verge of contention every day, but never really got into the fray because his magic wand was missing its magic.
He’s a heartthrob to female golf fans and has a chance to be one of the most popular Masters champions ever.
Scott has a smoothness in his personality surpassed only by his swing and that will definitely be a help to him as he goes through these peak years of his career.
The man has been a money-making machine the past three years, earning at least $2 million each year, despite winning just three times in that time span.
He’s accomplished that by finishing second nine times and third eight times.
And while that’s great for the bank account, the elite players gained that status by winning and winning often. Scott has made 203 starts on the PGA Tour.
He’s made 160 cuts and finished 56 times in the top 10 and 93 times in the top 25.
All of the game’s greats in the past—Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Gary Player, Tom Watson, Greg Norman—won lots of tournaments and lots of majors to earn their elevated status.
Tiger Woods has done the same.
The question now is whether Scott will pick up the pace in the number of wins and the number of big wins in order to have his name included in that special conversation.
And since he’s in his prime and Woods has rediscovered his game, perhaps Scott is the guy who is going to be “the next big rival” for Woods as he approaches his 40s.
There’s no one in a better position in the game to become that rival than Scott.
At age 33, there’s plenty of youthfulness left in him, but there’s also a great deal of experience.
Rory McIlroy has the youth, but has shown a lack of drive and the ability to handle the pressure at the top.
There were questions whether Adam Scott could recover from this.
Scott didn’t handle the pressure in the 2012 Open Championship, where he squandered a four-shot lead with four holes, handing the title and the Claret Jug to Ernie Els.
But Scott won’t have much greater pressure than he did as he made his way through the back nine on Sunday at Augusta National Golf Club.
He handled it in a championship manner and prevailed in a playoff against a game Angel Cabrera, enabling Scott to be introduced as a major champion (even though the Thursday starter at the Players Championship omitted that from his introduction).
Scott has one major title, but that’s not going to unlock the door that has the “Elite” sign on it. He’ll need more of those, as well as continued success in regular events.
Until he does that, Adam Scott is just a really, really good champion hoping to become one of the elite players in the game. | [
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Rapid adaptation of vagal baroreflexes in humans.
We evaluated the time course of carotid baroreflex adaptation to arterial pressure elevations induced by phenylephrine infusion (1 microgram/kg per min) in 13 normotensive volunteers. Vagally-mediated carotid baroreceptor-cardiac reflex responses were assessed serially with a staircase pressure/suction sequence delivered to a neck chamber. Carotid baroreflex stimulus-response relations shifted up the response (R-R interval) axis and to the right on the stimulus (pressure) axis (determined as the carotid distending pressure at saturation) within 90-120 s (time between measurements) during the first 10 min. The shifts in position of the reflex relation were sustained throughout the infusion. The position of operational point pressure, relative to carotid distending pressure at saturation, was unchanged throughout the infusion period. These data suggest that human carotid baroreceptor reflex relations change within minutes to retain beat-to-beat pressure regulation as the prevailing pressure increases. | [
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Thursday, April 30, 2009
April 30 (Bloomberg) -- A heat wave in northern and western India may spread to more regions before abating by the weekend, the country's weather office said.
Temperatures in New Delhi climbed to 43.5 degrees Celsius (110.3 Fahrenheit) yesterday, the highest in 50 years and five degrees Celsius more than normal, the India Meteorological Department said on its Web site.
The heat wave has killed at least 67 people, with 9 deaths being reported in the eastern Orissa state, the Press Trust of India said. Temperatures reached 47.1 degrees Celsius in Nagpur in the western state of Maharashtra yesterday, the agency said.
The hot weather conditions may spread to parts of Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh in two days, the weather bureau said.
India's monsoon rains, forecast to be near normal this year, may arrive a week earlier than the normal June 1 date, the bureau said earlier this week. The nation's central region may receive more rainfall than last year, while showers in the southern parts of the country will be same as last year, it said.
KANPUR: Breaking the record of the last eight years, Wednesday proved to be the hottest day in the month of April. With the maximum temperature of the day climbing to 43.8 degrees
celsius, April 29 also was recorded as the hottest day of the season so far. It seems Kanpurites are in for some terribly hot weather in coming days.
The mercury and election fever were both at their peak on Wednesday. The Met officials have predicted that the temperature is likely to stay at the same mark for the next couple of days.
On Wednesday, the maximum temperature was at an all time high of 43.8 degrees celsius, four degrees above normal. The minimum was recorded at 23 degrees celsius. According to the meteorological department, warm and dry westerly winds have caused the temperature to rise. The winds are essentially dry. Humidity on Wednesday ranged between 45 per cent and 19 per cent. The coming few days will be hot and dry," said weather scientist, Dr Anirudh Dubey.
Notably, the maximum temperature last year in April had gone up to 42.2 degrees celsius on the same day. This year, the mark has been reached several times already, the highest being 43.8 degrees celsius on April 29. According to data available with the Met department, the average maximum temperature in April is 39.9 degrees celsius. The maximum for the month of April was 44.1 degrees celsius in 2001.
Owing to the blazing sun, the streets remained deserted all through the day, despite Wednesday being the eve of the biggest democratic event. The candidates and their supporters were seen braving the scorching heat to give final touches to their preparations for the D-Day.
However, apprehensive about the heat likely to turn a spoilsport on the polling day, Dr Anirudh appealed to the denizens to not make the hot weather an excuse for abstaining from voting. "One must take preventive measures before stepping out in the sun, but must definitely go to polling booths to exercise their right. After all, we are empowered to speak our mind through vote and thus shouldn't let the chance to prove ourselves as responsible citizens of the country go waste," added Dr Anirudh
Thanks to high pressure set right over the middle of India, the nation was the site of earth's hottest weather of the day. Of the sites for which I have data, I have the two Maharashtra cities, Nagpur (47.1 degrees C) and Akola (47.0), `neck and neck` as the top two hot spots (near 117 degrees F, by the way).
Elsewhere, highs above 45 degrees C/113 degrees F were set from Rajasthan and Haryana east to Jharkhand and Orissa. If our data are right, the high of 43.5 degrees C at Delhi was higher than the hottest of 2008 (43.0).
In Pakistan, meanwhile, it cooled--if the 46 degrees at Nawabshah can be said to be `cooler`. Cooling was substantial, though, at Karachi, as if to say that the building of the strong ridge aloft had ended. The high was a relatively normal 34.5 degrees, down much from the abnormal 42.2 degrees of Wednesday. As I had said earlier in the week, I believe that Karachi gets its hottest weather when upper ridges build, but when the building ends, cooling off the sea increases.
--Looking forward, the heat will be severe over the Subcontinent as a whole through the day on Sunday. Thereafter, weakening of the high aloft will coincide with weak cooling. So, from Sindh and southern Punjab east as far as western West Bengal, India, I look for widespread 42-46 degree heat inland. Sea breezes, I believe, will keep Mumbai and Karachi moderate.
Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaler) with activity against influenza viruses, including swine influenza viruses. Antiviral drugs can be used to treat swine flu or to prevent infection with swine flu viruses. These medications must be prescribed by a health care professional. Influenza antiviral drugs only work against influenza viruses -- they will not help treat or prevent symptoms caused by infection from other viruses that can cause symptoms similar to the flu.
There are four influenza antiviral drugs approved for use in the United States (oseltamivir, zanamivir, amantadine and rimantadine). The swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses that have been detected in humans in the United States and Mexico are resistant to amantadine and rimantadine so these drugs will not work against these swine influenza viruses. Laboratory testing on these swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses so far indicate that they are susceptible (sensitive) to oseltamivir and zanamivir.
Benefits of Antiviral Drugs
Treatment: If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious influenza complications. Influenza antiviral drugs work best when started soon after illness onset (within two 2 days), but treatment with antiviral drugs should still be considered after 48 hours of symptom onset, particularly for hospitalized patients or people at high risk for influenza-related complications.
Prevention: Influenza antiviral drugs also can be used to prevent influenza when they are given to a person who is not ill, but who has been or may be near a person with swine influenza. When used to prevent the flu, antiviral drugs are about 70% to 90% effective. When used for prevention, the number of days that they should be used will vary depending on a person's particular situation.
CDC Recommendation
CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with swine influenza viruses.
Oseltamivir (brand name Tamiflu ®) is approved to both treat and prevent influenza A and B virus infection in people one year of age and older.
Zanamivir (brand name Relenza ®) is approved to treat influenza A and B virus infection in people 7 years and older and to prevent influenza A and B virus infection in people 5 years and older.
Recommendations for using antiviral drugs for treatment or prevention of swine influenza will change as we learn more about this new virus.
BHUBANESWAR: At least 20 people were feared killed when a tornado hit about 11 villages under Rajkanika Block of Kendrapara district of Orissa on Tuesday.
Official sources, however, confirmed eight deaths and said the toll was likely to increase when rescue teams entered the affected villages.
According to initial reports, the tragedy took place around 4.40 p.m. when the tornado caught the villagers unawares. Hundreds of houses were damaged in the villages that were spread over a five kilometre radius. Such was the intensity of the tornado that people were lifted to a height of 25 to 30 ft.
According to Kendrapara District Sub-Collector Ranjan Kumar Das, personnel of Orissa Disaster Rapid Action Force were on their way to the affected villages for rescue and relief operation.
Rescue work was hampered because of darkness and roadblocks caused by hundreds of uprooted trees. | [
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] |
/*
* Copyright 2009-2017 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.codehaus.groovy.eclipse.dsl.inferencing.suggestions;
import org.eclipse.core.resources.IProject;
public interface ISuggestionsOperation {
IProject getProject();
ValueStatus run();
IBaseGroovySuggestion getContext();
}
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] |
6th round pick Robert T. Griffin has been cut, per Cimini. He will probably be the only draft pick not to make the cut.
I was surprised at how they kept throwing him in at T, and not his natural position at G. Not saying he would have made the team, but it probably would have helped. He'll be a PS guy I'm sure._________________
quietjetsket wrote:
It has been quite a privileged chat or work with you guys. From time to time.. From Craziness to Serious-mindedness.. From Troll to Boredom.. From Babes to Jets. From Foreigner to American.. Whatever! | [
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] |
/*
* mxisd - Matrix Identity Server Daemon
* Copyright (C) 2017 Kamax Sarl
*
* https://www.kamax.io/
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
* License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
package io.kamax.mxisd.backend.rest;
import io.kamax.matrix.ThreePidMedium;
import io.kamax.mxisd.UserID;
public class LookupSingleResponseJson {
private String medium;
private String address;
private UserID id;
public String getMedium() {
return medium;
}
public void setMedium(String medium) {
this.medium = medium;
}
public void setMedium(ThreePidMedium medium) {
setMedium(medium.getId());
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public UserID getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(UserID id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
| [
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Saturday, 17 March 2012
Black★Rock Shooter episode 7 discussion
Saya can't interact with Black Gold Saw like Mato who is trapped or Yuu who upgrades Strength the same way as Mato did. The most she could do was call out to Mato. It showed progress even if it didn't free Mato. If she can't do anything, there is no point in trying again just to fail. This leaves Yuu who is actually Strength to help Mato.
Saya
So with Yuu actually being Strength, it explains why she doesn't have a shadow and why she hasn't aged. Well kind of... I expect Strength to have taken over Yuu's body, but that should mean she would age like Saya still. It just means Mato befriended Strength, not Yuu.
Strength did a better job than Saya since Mato actually responded. Mato managed to hold a little control, but Black Rock Shooter shoots her own legs. To escape Mato has to reject Black rock Shooter even though she is her other self.
It then goes onto a video interview type situation where they explain Mato is happy, but hides her true feelings. I wonder who's behind the camera. Most likely it's Yomi. Mato realises she is running away from painful things.
Strength gets an upgrade which leads her to getting the upperhand on Black Rock Shooter. Strength is trapped in Yuu just like Mato is trapped. I'm unsure if Yuu is evil, but she chose the world with less pain leaving strength to live in the real world. She knowingly trapped strength to upgrade and defeat Black Rock Shooter. Yuu's painful life was enough to give Strength emotions and gave her a will to live. Yuu is just betraying Strength for all the time she burdened Yuu's pain.
Yuu
Mato has gone missing which causes Yomi pain when she can't properly remember Mato. Yomi's pain is due to Mato not paying enough attention to her. Remembering her pain, but acknowledging her as a friend revives Dead Master. With both Strength and Mato trapped, only Dead Master is able to help them come to their senses. | [
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Genotoxicity of zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin: DNA adduct formation in female mouse tissues.
Zearalenone is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium which colonize maize, barley, oats, wheat and sorghum and have been implicated in numerous mycotoxicoses in farm animals, especially pigs. In a NTP mouse study a dose-related incidence of hepatocellular adenomas was seen in female mice. A limited number of genotoxicity assays have been conducted with zearalenone. Zearalenone was found to be negative in the Salmonella typhimurium assay. It was also negative in a eukaryotic cell mutation assay with Saccharomyces cerevisae. However, zearalenone and its estrogenic metabolites showed a positive DNA damaging effect in recombination tests with Bacillus subtilis. In this study DNA adducts in female mice and rat treated i.p or orally with zearalenone were determined using a 32P-postlabeling method. Several DNA adducts (12-15) were found in the kidney and liver of female mice treated with a single dose of zearalenone (2 mg/kg i.p. or orally). The total DNA adduct levels reached 114 +/- 37 and 1393 +/- 324 adducts/10(9) nucleotides respectively in kidney and liver after i.p. treatment and 548 +/- 50 adducts/10(9) nucleotides in liver after oral treatment. In mice ovary DNA adducts appeared only after repeated doses (1 mg/kg body wt on days 1, 5, 7, 9 and 10). The total DNA adducts after 10 days in this organ were 17 +/- 5 adducts/10(9) nucleotides. Some adducts were common to all organs. Others were specific to an organ. In contrast, no DNA adducts could be detected in rat organs after i.p. treatment. These results confirm the genotoxicity of zearalenone and its ability to induce hepatocellular adenomas, rather than tumours of genital organs, in mice. | [
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] |
Classificação e Jogos Copa do Mundo feminina
A atacante Cristiane é a autora do gol mais bonito da Copa do Mundo feminina 2019, realizada na França. O anúncio foi feito, hoje, no site da Fifa.
O segundo gol do Brasil na derrota por 3 a 2 contra a Austrália, na fase de grupos da competição, venceu a votação popular, que teve mais de 300 mil pessoas.
No lance do gol, a lateral Tamires dá bela caneta em Emily Gielnik e toca para Debinha, que avança pela esquerda e cruza na medida para Cristiane cabecear no canto esquerdo da goleira Williams.
A atacante foi a artilheira da seleção brasileira na Copa, com quatro gols em quatro jogos. No Instagram, Cristiane comemorou o prêmio.
"Ganhamos p... (desculpa o palavrão, mas tô muito feliz). Quero agradecer o voto de cada um de vocês para escolher o meu gol como o mais bonito na Copa Do Mundo. Quando digo que ganhamos é porque precisei de todas as meninas em campo me ajudando com isso, precisei também do voto de cada um de vocês para dar certo. Muito obrigada por isso, e seguimos na luta tentando ganhar mais e mais prêmios que enalteçam nossa modalidade", escreveu a jogadora.
O Brasil se despediu nas oitavas de final com derrota na prorrogação contra a França. O título da Copa ficou com os Estados Unidos. | [
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] |
Welcome to Cut To The Chase, a podcast that brings you Business, Tech & Life Hacks From World-Class Experts, while cutting out all of the fluff, the awkward hellos and boring small talk, and cuts right to the chase and provides a concentrated dose of awesome hacks for work and play.
I’m your host Ravi Jayagopal. I’m the creator of CoolCastPlayer, arguably the prettiest podcast player on the planet, at CoolCastPlayer.com.
Special guest host on this episode is James Schramko from SuperFastBusiness.com. James is one of the smartest, most genuine, authentic online marketers I know.
He has made over 10 million dollars in online sales of his own products and services. I have been following him for many years now. He started his Superfastbusiness podcast back in 2009, and it is one that I am subscribed to, never miss an episode, and listen to it usually within a day of a new episode coming out.
James is a man after my own heart – he is very laid back, embodies the ultimate in having a lifestyle business, he surfs, he doesn’t tell you to work crazy hours, but in fact, he preaches the exact opposite – to have fun doing what you do. He is an avid surfer – you know, the type where you surf in the ocean with a surfboard. And at his yearly live event called SuperfastbusinessLive, that he runs every year in his hometown of Manly in Sydney, Australia, he even takes his seminar attendees for surfing sessions! I’m hoping to be able to attend SFB Live some day.
He is one really cool dude, softspoken, incredibly smart, very mindful of people, his products and his processes, and I’m super thrilled to have him on today’s episode.
So without further ado, let’s cut to the chase, with James Schramko.
(listen to the show for the rest)
———————————————————-
If you loved the show, please let a friend know about this – the link you can share, is http://CutToTheChase.fm | [
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require 'ostruct'
begin ; require 'active_record' ; rescue LoadError; require 'rubygems'; require 'active_record'; end
$LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'lib'))
require 'ar-extensions/util/support_methods'
require 'ar-extensions/util/sql_generation'
require 'ar-extensions/version'
require 'ar-extensions/delete'
require 'ar-extensions/extensions'
require 'ar-extensions/create_and_update'
require 'ar-extensions/finder_options'
require 'ar-extensions/foreign_keys'
require 'ar-extensions/fulltext'
require 'ar-extensions/import'
require 'ar-extensions/insert_select'
require 'ar-extensions/finders'
require 'ar-extensions/synchronize'
require 'ar-extensions/temporary_table'
require 'ar-extensions/union'
require 'ar-extensions/adapters/abstract_adapter'
#load all available functionality for specified adapter
# Ex. ENV['LOAD_ADAPTER_EXTENSIONS'] = 'mysql'
if ENV['LOAD_ADAPTER_EXTENSIONS']
require "active_record/connection_adapters/#{ENV['LOAD_ADAPTER_EXTENSIONS']}_adapter.rb"
file_regexp = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'lib', 'ar-extensions','**',
"#{ENV['LOAD_ADAPTER_EXTENSIONS']}.rb")
Dir.glob(file_regexp){|file| require(file) }
end
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Tag: Prospects
Aaron Hicks of the New York Yankees is having an interesting season offensively. A former top prospect in the Minnesota Twins system, Hicks is ranked 122nd overall in Yahoo! Fantasy Leagues, as he has hit 17 home runs, scored 51 runs, driven in 47 RBI, and has an OPS of .851. The only blemish on Hicks’ resume is his .256 batting average, but when you take into consideration his sound plate discipline (he has a 13.6 percent walk rate and a 0.69 BB/K ratio), fantasy owners can live with the low average as long as they make it up in other areas on their team (similar to the Pirates’ Gregory Polanco, who is now mashing more than ever, but still has a low average).
What makes Hicks’ season so interesting is that he’s gone under the radar with not only fantasy owners (he’s only owned in 59 percent of leagues) but also in his own organization. After the 2015 season ended, the Twins, to make room for top prospect Byron Buxton, traded Hicks straight up for John Ryan Murphy, a catching prospect in the Yankees’ system. Hicks struggled initially in pinstripes in 2016, as he only hit .217 with a .617 OPS in 361 plate appearances and 121 games. Hicks’ underwhelming campaign in 2016 made room for Aaron Judge to come onto the scene in 2017, as Judge, Brett Gardner, and Jacoby Ellsbury all played 100 plus games in the outfield.
However, despite modest expectations going into 2017, Hicks played the best baseball of his career. Despite struggling with an oblique injury, Hicks hit 15 home runs, drove in 52 RBI, scored 54 runs, had 10 stolen bases, hit .266 and posted an OPS of .847. Unfortunately, he only finished 302nd overall in Yahoo! leagues, mostly due to the fact he only played 88 games and had 301 plate appearances overall in 2017.
Despite the excellent season, it seemed like Hicks was going to struggle to find a role in 2018, once again. Ellsbury, Judge, and Gardner returned, as well as Clint Frazier, who was rated the 39th best prospect in baseball going into 2017 by Baseball America. And to make things tougher for Hicks, the Yankees also signed Giancarlo Stanton to a massive contract, and it was expected that Stanton would regularly patrol left, while Gardner and Judge, would patrol center, and right, respectively. Hicks seemed to be a fourth outfielder, perhaps an occasional DH player going into 2018.
However, Ellsbury got injured in Spring Training and hasn’t played since. Frazier has struggled with injuries as well, and now Judge has been put on the shelf for three weeks due to a wrist injury? As for Hicks? Well, he continues to mash, his season comparable to 2017 (his 123 wRC+ is only 4 points below his 2017 wRC+), but with more games under his belt (he’s going to pass the games played and plate appearances from all of 2017 in just a matter of days). While Judge and Stanton have stolen all the headlines for Yankees outfielders, Hicks may be the most underrated offensive star in pinstripes in 2018.
If there’s a lesson to be learned about Hicks, it’s the understanding of how some prospects take more time to develop. Hicks was a first-round pick of the Twins in 2008 and was rated as the top prospect in the Twins system in 2009 and 2010 by Baseball America. Hicks profiled very much like Buxton: good speed on the base paths along with good athleticism and a strong hit tool. However, things just never worked out in Minnesota, as he had a .225 average, .655 OPS, and 20 home runs in 247 games overall with the Twins over three seasons. Since coming to New York, Hicks has a .243 average, .759 OPS, and 39 home runs in 294 games. Hicks’ home run stroke is what has developed the most, as Hicks’ HR/FB ratio has been 15.8 percent and 17.6 percent the past two seasons, respectively. The highest percentage Hicks posted in Minnesota was 11.1 percent, which came in 2015 (his last year in Minnesota).
Now, one can credit Hicks’ move to the lefty-friendly Yankee Stadium as a probable reason for his breakout, and you would have a case if you just judged him from last season, as he hit 12 out of his 15 home runs at Yankee Stadium in 2017. But in 2018, Hicks has been just as effective on the road as he has been back in the Bronx, as he has 9 home runs at home this year, and 8 on the road, a much evener distribution. Furthermore, one could argue that he’s been a better hitter on the road than at home, as he has a higher average (.270 to .241) and OPS (.866 to .834) away from Yankee Stadium in 2018. So, while initially, some people could credit Hicks’ development as a hitter to the “House that Ruth Built” (i.e. the short left field porch), 2018 has shown that Hicks is a strong overall hitter and not just a product of a ballpark.
At 29 years old, development came slowly for Hicks, whom many Twins fans felt was a bust in Minnesota, as he never lived up to those top prospect expectations while in the Twins system. Eventually, it came to Twins management having to decide between Buxton and Hicks, and they made the decision to go all-in on Buxton (understandable, though that strategy has had mixed results). That being said, Hicks is a prime example that some prospects develop slowly. Yes, there are the Mike Trouts and Aaron Judges who come out gangbusters when they reach the MLB level, but a lot of prospects sometimes take a few seasons at the MLB level to develop and then find success. Charlie Blackmon, Alex Gordon, Mike Moustakas, and even to an extent Yankee teammate Didi Gregorius, took a few seasons before they currently found success as Major Leaguers. Consider Hicks another example of such a success story.
And not only is Hicks a success story for the Yankees, but it should also give hope to fans of teams who have prospects that haven’t necessarily hit their “stride” just yet. Some people have already given up on Buxton, Miguel Sano, and Billy Hamilton, to name a few. After all, they were top prospects expected to be perennial All-Stars, and all three listed above have experienced some serious lows this season (Buxton and Sano have seen time in Triple-A). But Sano is only 25, Buxton is 24, and Hamilton is 27. They still have time, and it’s plausible that 2019 may be the season they break out and finally show consistency, much like Hicks.
So, don’t give up on prospects, especially early on in their careers if they are struggling initially at the Major League level. It would be a shame for either a fantasy owner or even a Major League fanbase to miss out on a successful player because they gave up on the prospect too early. Look up north to Minneapolis, as Twins fans are probably kicking themselves in retrospect for parting with Hicks so early, especially considering Murphy is not even in their organization anymore.
The Royals were in the national news on Friday night, and it had nothing to do with their game against the Yankees (it was rained out; they have a doubleheader scheduled for today). Late last night, the Brewers and Royals pulled off a trade, with the Royals posting this on their Twitter:
Moose re-signing ended up being a blessing in disguise for both the Royals and Moose. Moose is having another solid year (20 home runs, 107 wRC+), proving that 2017 wasn’t a fluke, and the Royals got to not only keep a fan favorite a little bit longer but also got something in return for his departure. In the end, though it came as a surprise in March, Moose coming back to Kansas City was a win-win for everyone.
So, what did the Royals gain and lose in the deal overall? Let’s take a look.
What the Royals gained in the Moose trade.
The Royals received two prospects in OF Brett Phillips and RHP Jorge Lopez, a pretty good haul considering how close the Royals were to the deadline. To give some context, the Brewers have a pretty deep farm system, as Baseball America ranked them 6th overall in their talent rankings going into 2018
Phillips is the crown jewel of the deal, as he was the 7th rated prospect in the Brewers system and the 80th best prospect in baseball overall by Baseball America going into the 2018 season. Phillips, however, was unable to break into a crowded Brewers outfield (which sports Lorenzo Cain and Christian Yelich this year), as he has only appeared in 52 games and accumulated 122 plate appearances the past two years in Milwaukee. This year has also been a little slow for Phillips in Triple-A, as Phillips is only posting a slash of .240/.331/.411 with an OPS of .742 and 6 home runs in 299 plate appearances in Colorado Springs. That being said, he has demonstrated success in Colorado Springs before, as he hit 19 home runs and posted an OPS of .944 in 432 plate appearances in 2017.
The other player acquired in the deal is Jorge Lopez, a reliever who has appeared in 10 games this season and has accumulated 19.2 IP and a 2.75 ERA and 1.48 whip this season. Lopez was drafted in the 2nd round in 2011 out of Puerto Rico and originally broke into the Brewers system as a starter. However, he transitioned to the bullpen last year, and so far the results have been mixed. While he has been decent with the big league club, he still struggles with command, as evidenced by 1.15 K/BB ration, and his ERA and WHIP numbers look worse in Triple-A as it was 5.65 and 1.50 respectively in 28.2 IP with Colorado Springs in 2018.
“John Sickels has Lopez projected to go at the 49th slot in his latest mock supplemental first round draft. Lopez is a high-ceiling arm, with a nice frame and good stuff according to reports. While Puerto Rican prospects usually don’t have a history of going high in the draft (Luis Atilano was the highest pick from Puerto Rico in the history of the draft, as he went No. 35 in 2003), Lopez seems to be an exception to the rule.
According to a report by Perfect Game USA, Lopez is getting comparisons to Javier Vazquez. He still has a lot of room to develop as a pitcher (he’s six-foot-four inches, and 175 pounds), but already he sports a fastball that goes in the low 90’s and a good spinning curve ball that has gotten good reports from scouts. An excellent athlete (Lopez played volleyball, basketball and ran track in addition to baseball), Lopez used to be a shortstop before he converted to the mound full time.”
The shine of Lopez as a prospect has certainly faded a bit the past couple of seasons, as he was unranked in the Brewers system, a far cry from his days where he rated as the 59th best prospect overall by Baseball America going into 2016. However, Lopez should bring some much-needed depth to the Royals bullpen in the immediate future. It’s definitely possible he could develop into a solid setup man or perhaps a closer in the near future should the Royals part ways with Wily Peralta (also a former Brewers top pitching prospect).
What did the Royals lose in the deal?
Obviously, the Royals lost Moustakas, which while expected, is still a tough pill to swallow for Royals fans. Moose was one of the first big prospects drafted by Dayton Moore, and from the day he was drafted, it was understood that the Royals’ future success would depend on him. Thankfully, he panned out and became a key cog for the Royals’ success from 2013-2017 along with Alex Gordon, Lorenzo Cain, and Eric Hosmer.
In 934 games and 3,735 plate appearances over eight seasons with the Royals, Moose hit 139 home runs and had a career OPS+ of 98. However, Moose really developed and hit his stride as a player in 2015, his first All-Star appearance. If you look at his numbers from 2015-2018, Moustakas hit 87 home runs and had an average OPS+ of 114.3 in the four-year span, and he did this despite missing most 2016 due to a knee injury (he only played in 27 games).
With Moustakas gone, the hole at third will most likely be filled by a rotating door of players, with Hunter Dozier and Rosell Herrera being the most logical options to fill in immediately. This season, Dozier has an OPS+ of 61, and Herrera has an OPS+ of 77, both far cries from Moose’s 111 OPS+ as a Royal this year. It will be interesting to see how Ned Yost will manage the position and who will emerge as the more regular third baseman of the two. Dozier is a former first-round draft pick who has struggled with the bat since getting injured a year ago, and Herrera was a recent waiver wire pickup who used to be a top prospect in the Rockies system but has a tendency to be too free-swinging and lacks power. Both certainly have potential, but they both have a lot to do to make up for Moose’s production at the hot corner.
However, the biggest loss from the Moose trade definitely comes in the clubhouse, as Moose developed as a more vocal leader during the past four years. Royals MLB.com beat writer Jeff Flanagan shared this tweet today about Moose:
Alex Gordon said he will always remember Moose for the fiery rant in the dugout in the eighth inning of Game 4 of the 2015 ALDS in Houston.
There was a lot of great things to remember about Moose: the diving catch in the stands in Game 3 of the 2014 ALCS, the Moose antlers at games and crossing signs, the resting bitch face he seemed to employ 24/7. However, what made Moose great was that he showed that the Royals could draft good players, develop them, and see them win with the Royals, not some other club. The Royals have had a penchant for drafting and developing guys, only to see them win with their next club. Johnny Damon, Jermaine Dye, Carlos Beltran, and Zach Greinke are just a few of the names who performed well with Royals initially, only to find more individual and team success with another club. Moose bucked that trend, and for a little bit, he showed that Dayton Moore wasn’t a complete jackass.
And Moose represented a lot of what Kansas City was about. He probably was the most relatable out of the Royals stars. He isn’t the happy go lucky guy like Salvy. He isn’t an incredible athlete like Cain. He isn’t a hunk like Hosmer. And he isn’t a local Midwest boy like Gordon. Moose is just…Moose, and I know I appreciated him for his no-nonsense, laid back personality.
And he was a Cali guy who embraced Kansas City, much like me. Maybe that’s another reason why I like him so much.
Anyways, Moose will be missed, both on and off the field. At least he will be back in the lineup with another former Royal in Cain. True Royals fans will appreciate seeing something familiar in October should the Brewers hold on and make the playoffs.
The dreams of an undefeated second half came to an abrupt end four games after the All-Star break (I know I’m kidding), as the Royals wasted a 3-0 lead in the seventh and 4-2 lead in the ninth to lose 5-4 to the Detroit Tigers at Kauffman Stadium Monday night. (This Reddit thread will let you know who fans feel is responsible for the loss.) However, there were a few bright spots in the loss: the Royals had 13 hits, a sign that their offense is coming around; Brian Goodwin, acquired in a trade with Washington over the weekend, was 2-for-2 in his Royals debut (albeit as a pinch hitter); and rookie Heath Fillmyer, making his second big league start, was superb, going 6 2/3 innings, with six strikeouts and only 3 hits and 1 ER allowed.
There’s been no question that the Royals starting pitching has been an Achilles heel for the club this season. While Danny Duffy has started to turn a corner after a rough start, the Royals staff has struggled to not only stay healthy but also consistently effective as well this year. Ian Kennedy, Jakob Junis, Erik Skoglund, and Jason Hammel are all examples of starters who have flashed some solid starts but have either failed to string effective ones together or stay off the disabled list. So, to see Fillmyer, recently acquired this past Winter in a trade with the A’s, to demonstrate promise in only his second Major League start is definitely cause for excitement amongst Royals fans, especially as Dayton Moore, Ned Yost, and the Royals organization try to figure out who will be part of their rotation plans in the near future.
Unfortunately, Hahn hasn’t done literally anything yet as a Royal, as he was shelved on the disabled list early in Spring Training due to UCL discomfort (he recently has just begun a rehab assignment in Surprise, Arizona, the Royals Training facility). Thus with Hahn not pitching until just recently, the spotlight from this trade has been squarely put on Fillmyer, the 18th rated prospect in the A’s system according to Baseball America going into 2018.
Royals Farm Report had a pretty good little scouting report on Fillmyer shortly after the trade, which can be found here. Here’s a couple of key bullet points that Patrick Brennan wrote up on Fillmyer in the piece:
“Fillmyer works with a pretty slow, straight-forward, over-the-top delivery. Doesn’t feature a lot of moving parts and it seems easy to repeat. The arm speed looks really good, allowing for a sneaky mid-90s fastball that holds some good sinking action. From what I’ve seen, he commands this pitch really well, having a good feel for both sides of the plate…
“I like the chances that he ends up as a 4/5 starter in the major leagues. If not, I think his sinker along with his plus-secondaries can probably play in the bullpen…
“The Royals landed themselves a pitcher that will already rank high among the other arms in the organization. As mentioned above, Fillmyer was ranked the #18 prospect in a deeper Oakland Athletics farm system, so if we had to pin an early ranking on him post-trade, he’d probably find himself in the 10-15 range.”
So far this year, the results have been a little mixed in Omaha. In 13 starts with the Storm Chasers this year, he posted a 5.75 ERA, 4.64 FIP, 0.67 HR/FB ratio, and a K/BB ratio of 1.68. Those really aren’t great numbers, especially for someone in Triple-A. That being said, one could contribute his inflated numbers to his first experience beyond Double-A (he’s 2.6 years younger than the average Triple-A player), and the hitter-friendly environments of the Pacific Coast League. This is further evidenced in the high BABIP (.342) and abnormally low strand rate (62.5 percent). With more time, it may have been possible that Fillmyer’s numbers would’ve evened out a bit, especially considering the outings he’s showed before, as evidenced by his six-inning performance against Memphis earlier this year in the video below:
At the Major League level, some numbers look a lot nicer: six games total, two starts, 22.1 IP, 2.50 ERA, 0.81 HR/FB ratio. However, the advanced numbers aren’t so generous: 4.50 FIP, 1.30 K/BB ratio, .246 BABIP. If Fillmyer could credit inflated numbers due to high BABIP and hitter-friendly conditions, then the inverse could be true of Fillmyer’s performance thus far in Kansas City. Of course, Fillmyer’s sample is so small that it’s really hard to make any credible judgment of him as a pitcher just yet. We’ll need 2-3 starts before we can really make a solid, practical analysis of Fillmyer’s performance and outlook as a pitcher at the Major League level.
What can we say about Fillmyer going forward?
There’s a lot to like about Fillmyer’s performance last night. It wasn’t exactly the best lineup hitting behind him, or defense (the Royals had Hunter Dozier at 3rd instead of Mike Moustakas; Drew Butera behind the plate; and Salvador Perez playing first). And yet, Fillmyer didn’t need much help as he pretty much cruised until he allowed two runners on in the seventh (and then promptly witness the bullpen tear his win to shreds). In the Royals sweep over the Twins, we have seen Duffy, Junis, and Keller all pitch well this season at some point, so while their wins and strong performances were nice, they didn’t shock Royals fans at all (it’s just surprising that they all came at once). Fillmyer’s, on the other hand, came a bit unexpectedly, especially considering the Tigers had a more established starter going against him in Francisco Liriano.
Fillmyer’s next few starts will be interesting to track. In addition to Hahn, Skoglund has begun his own rehab, and Kennedy may come back to the rotation at some point when he recovers. But, as evidenced by tonight, Fillmyer deserves an extended shot in the rotation for the time being, even with those other options available in the near future. As we have seen before in Omaha, Fillmyer has been a bit up and down with his starts, and no question his BABIP will rise in future starts, which will undoubtedly damper the ERA a bit. The only question will be how much will it rise?
It’s hard to trust Fillmyer because he’s not really an “elite” prospect by any means (BA graded him a 45 with High Risk). The K numbers don’t wow you, and he gives up too many walks, based on his numbers in the minors and even with the Royals. But, he definitely showed some confidence and poise in Monday’s start, and his moxie to convince Yost to keep him in shows that the kid at the very least is a competitor (even though it didn’t work; he gave up a hit the next batter and Yost promptly too him out on the second visit). Maybe Fillmyer’s future will be in the bullpen eventually (I could see those K numbers improving in fewer innings), but for the remainder of this season, I would rather see the Royals take a chance on a young prospect than take another look at Kennedy or Hammel at this point in the season (and I think many Royals fans would agree with me on this).
I hope to post a weekly series called “Will they ever be Royal?” from here on out. The series name is a play on the famous Lorde song that got considerable play in Kansas City during the 2013 season, when they suddenly got competitive again, and set in motion their 2014 and 2015 World Series runs. Basically, these are quick bits on some important stories going on in the Royals system, especially concerning prospects.
These posts won’t be as long as my usual posts, and a lot of them will refer you to links where you can read more about the points I bring up. There are a lot of great sites that provide more in-depth prospects coverage, with “Royals Farm Report” being a prime one (follow their blog and them on Twitter; the writers really run the best Royals prospects site out there), so I want to defer to others when it is necessary. That being said, I will highlight key stories going on in the farm system which I think hardcore Royals fans should know about it. (Non-Hardcore fans probably have stopped caring about the Royals a month ago and are glued to Chiefs coverage.)
So here are some bits on what’s going on in the Royals farm system.
Seuly Matias turns heads at Futures game
No Royals prospect has been more polarizing than 19-year-old outfielder Seuly Matias, who currently has 27 home runs with the Lexington Legends (he just hit his 27th yesterday), which leads not only the South Atlantic League but the Minors overall (I have written about Matias before on the Roto Royal). Matias has a smooth big swing with oodles of power, but prospect experts have been mixed on his projection. Baseball Prospectus lists him as the top Royals prospect in the system and ranked him 75th overall in their pre-season Top 100. Baseball America ranked him as the 3rd best prospect in the Royals system (behind 1B Nick Pratto and OF Khalil Lee) and graded him a 60 EXTREME (meaning that his future is highly questionable; he could be a superstar or bust). At such a young age, and with such big strikeout numbers (he’s striking out in 36.8 percent of his plate appearances with Lexington this year), it really is difficult to see how Matias will project.
However, Matias showed well in the Futures Game last Sunday, with his prime achievement being a majestic oppo-field home run off of Justus Sheffield, one of the top pitching prospects in the Royals system.
That’s some strong praise indeed. Matias has gone under the radar a bit this season because the Royals system is not highly ranked, and he still is a few years away from really having an impact at the Major League level. However, after a great All-Star weekend, the magnifying glass is on the young Dominican outfielder. It will be interesting to see how the kid will not only handle the increase of attention from Royals fans and the media but also opposing pitchers in the second half of the Minor League season.
Khalil Lee hits first home run in Double-A
The No. 2 prospect in the Royals system according to Baseball America, and the No. 4 prospect according to Fangraphs, Khalil Leeis an outfield prospect who has a big arm, and relies on his speed. According to Fangraphs, his arm rated as a 60 on the 20-80 scale, and his speed currently rated as a 55. Lee has demonstrated a knack to be aggressive on the basepaths, as he stole 20 bases last season in Lexington and has 16 so far between Wilmington (A+) and Northwest Arkansas (AA). Unfortunately, while Lee has the speed, he still has to develop his instinct on the bases as he was caught 18 times in Lexington last season. That being said, he has been much more proficient in 2018, as he has only been caught three total times this year, a significant improvement in success rate from a year ago.
Khalil Lee’s elite on-base abilities combined with his speed separate him from plenty of folks at similar levels. He walks like a power hitter and runs like a leadoff hitter. Pretty good combination for a leadoff hitter. Lee has been leading off a lot for the AA Northwest Arkansas Naturals, a position I’d like to see him stay in long-term. He is going to be so much fun to watch when he gets to Kansas City.
It’s been a bit of a mixed bag for Lee since being called up to Northwest Arkansas just three days after his 20th birthday. After posting a .270 average and .808 OPS to go along with four home runs and 14 stolen bases in 301 plate appearances in the Carolina League with Wilmington, Lee is only posting a .224 average and .638 OPS to go along with 1 home run and 2 stolen bases in 80 plate appearances in the Texas League.
However, on July 18th on the road against Springfield, Lee launched his first Double-A home run, which proved to be an absolute bomb as evidenced below:
Much like Matias, opinions differ on Lee’s projections going forward, as he is a strong athlete, but still has to work on a lot of aspects of his game, especially when it comes to making contact. He had a 32.1 percent strikeout rate in Lexington last year, and though his rate has declined, it still has been pretty high as evidenced by 24.9 percent and 23.8 percent K rates in Wilmington and Northwest Arkansas, respectively. However, Patrick Brennan, founder of Royals Farm Report, posted this on Twitter in reference to a 2080 Baseball article that ranked the Top 125 Prospects of the Midseason.
Lee is making good progress in the Royals system, as he is 2.4 years younger than the average player in Double-A. So there isn’t tremendous pressure on him to “produce” right away (development is the main focus for him now). Thus, it will be interesting to see how he continues to develop not just this season in Northwest Arkansas, but this Fall and beyond.
Bubba Starling out at least six weeks
Things haven’t turned out as expected for Bubba Starling, the 5th overall pick of the 2011 MLB Draft. Despite signing one of the largest signing bonuses in Royals history at the time, the local Gardner, Kansas high school three-sport star has failed to live up to the considerable hype he received when he decided to pursue professional baseball instead of football at Nebraska. Originally ranked as the 24th best prospect in baseball going into 2012 by Baseball America, Starling has only posted a .235 average and .693 OPS in 617 games and 2,483 career plate appearances over seven seasons. Though he certainly has the size at six-feet, four inches, and 215 pounds, the tools never really developed for Starling over the course of his Minor League career.
However, despite his lackluster performance, Starling still is on the Royals’ 40-man roster (as of July 21st) and there was hope that with the Royals tanking and going nowhere, Starling would debut this year with the big league club at some point. However, Rustin Dodd of the Athletic posted this on Twitter on July 19th:
Bubba Starling will miss six weeks after dislocating his left index finger last week, the Royals announced. The injury wasn’t baseball-related; it happened while he was visiting home.
Starling will turn 26 in August, and it seems certain that he just doesn’t have the skills or ability to be a Major League player (Age 26 is the prospect peak, meaning they are what they are as a player at this age). I’m sure Starling is a great person, and maybe he could return to football and have a Brandon Weeden-esque quarterback career or something. But after this latest setback, and with the Royals most likely going to add more pieces to their system by the trade deadline, it may be best for both sides if Starling finally steps away from baseball once and for all.
Hunter Dozier (left) and Jorge Bonifacio are two Royals players who can help the offense in the second half.
June was a rough month for the Royals, and that’s putting it lightly. After a respectable May, where they went 13-15, the Royals nosedived the next month, going 5-21 and getting outscored 136-58 during the 26-game span. Yes, you read that right: the Royals only managed a measly 58 runs for the ENTIRE MONTH.
The Royals are in last, having managed a team wRC+ of 48. To be more precise, 47.6. The nearest team is the Tigers, with a wRC+ of 72. Over this span, the Royals are the only team to have batted under .200. They’re the only team with an OBP under .250, and they’re the only team with a slugging percentage under .300, and so they’re the only team with an OPS under .550. The Royals have been caught in an offensive tailspin, and the only thing that’s allowed them to avoid too much attention is the fact they were expected to be bad in the first place
I don’t think there’s much I can say that Sullivan has not said already about the Royals’ offense, so if you want to read about it more (because you’re a masochistic SOB), check out Sullivan’s piece, especially worthwhile thanks to the data graph he provides of team hitting wRC+ for all 30 teams (surprisingly, Cincinnati ranks third; goes to show how bad their pitching has been). That being said, as an optimistic Royals fan, I would like to think that Royals can’t possibly duplicate their horrid numbers for the rest of the year (though fingers crossed; this year has been bad enough). But let’s face it: the Royals are not going to turn it around in the second half without some change in the lineup.
With a 25-60 record as of July 4th, the Royals have already begun the rebuilding process thanks to some trades last month (Jon Jay to the Diamondbacks and Kelvin Herrera to the Nationals), resulting in some of the younger Royals’ younger players cracking the lineup. However, with the trade deadline looming on July 31st, it’s only a matter of time before some veterans are traded for assets (Mike Moustakas and Whit Merrifield are prime candidates), meaning the youth movement in the Kansas City will most likely be in full force by August.
So, which Royals younger players can have an impact on this club during these last few months? Which ones can help make the Royals’ offense respectable again?
Let’s take a look at youngsters on the Royals’ 40-man roster who are likely to make an impact, and which ones may leave some left to be desired during the second half of the Major League season.
Don’t expect all that much
Almonte is nearly 30 and hasn’t really done all that much at the Major League level, as he is posting an awful slash of .186/.264/.295 in 47 games and 145 plate appearances this year. Considering his age and his lackluster production at the Major League level, Almonte is most likely a “Four-A” player at best who’s probably too good for Triple-A, but not good enough for the Majors.
Torres is a bit younger at 25 years old, and has the versatility to play second and short (much needed should the Royals bite the bullet and designate Alcides Escobar for assignment so Ned Yost can’t play him; I think Dayton Moore’s loyalty will get in the way of this happening), but in 42 career games and 108 plate appearances, Torres hasn’t provided much with the bat as evidenced by a career .229/.269/.265 slash and 43 wRC+. Even in Triple-A, Torres isn’t showing much promise in Omaha, with a slash of only .226/.281/.332 and a .613 OPS in 53 games and 208 AB this season in the PCL.
As for Starling, the former Gardner, Kansas high school sports star and bonus baby has failed to resemble a Major League player at any point in the Minors since he was drafted and received the largest draft signing bonus in team history in 2011 (it was $7.5 million). The best campaign he had was in 2015 in Double-A in Northwest Arkansas where in 366 plate appearances he hit 10 home runs and posted a slash of .254/.318/.426 and an OPS of .744 as a 22-year old. That being said, due to the combination of injury and ineffectiveness, Starling really hasn’t built on that campaign nearly three seasons ago. This past season in Omaha, in 303 plate appearances, he hit only .248 with a .685 OPS and only added 7 home runs and 21 RBI. While Starling will get a chance to get some playing time when the roster expands in September (hopefully he will be healthy by then), it is unlikely that former first-round pick will have much impact at the MLB level this season.
Not totally sure…but some upside
Cuthbert is a former top prospect who has yet to capitalize on his “prospect hype” at the big league level. His career slash is .252/.303/.378 with a .681 OPS. That’s fine for a middle fielder with good speed and a good glove, perhaps, but not for a corner infielder. His wRC+ this season before he went to the DL with injury this year is 62, barely an upgrade over the 59 he posted a season ago in 153 plate appearances and 58 games at the big league level (he struggled with injuries as well a season ago). I’m not totally giving up on Cuthbert. With Moustakas holding down third, it’s been hard for Cuthbert to get an extended chance when Moose was healthy. He actually did okay when Moose struggled with injuries in 2016, as Cuthbert hit 12 home runs, posted a .731 OPS and a wRC+ of 95 over 510 plate appearances. It’s not great by any means, but it shows that he can be an average hitter in the lineup (when healthy), something the Royals have been sorely missing this year. Should (or perhaps when) Moose gets traded, and when Cuthbert is healthy (he is raking so far on a rehab assignment in Omaha), it’s possible that he may be able to rebound at the plate with regular playing time.
I have already talked about Mondesi before on this blog, who oozes with potential, but still hasn’t realized it at the Major League Level. Mondesi is still young (he’s about to turn 23 in less than a month), but he’s already shown some progress in his Major League call-up this year, which is 42 plate appearances and 13 games. His strikeout rate is down (from 36.7 percent to 25.5 percent) and he is showing more power as well (his .143 ISO is a career high thus far). Granted, his numbers aren’t pretty by any means: 55 wRC+ (actually the highest mark as a Royal thus far) and .214/.233/.357 slash with a .590 OPS. But, he is a middle infielder, he is showing progress and he’s still over three years away from the “plateau” mark for prospects (age 26 is considered the point where prospects are what they are). With Escobar not being much better (37 wRC+), it may be worth it for Yost to see if Mondesi could handle an extended look at SS in the second half (or at least splitting duties with Escobar).
Herrera has always had a soft spot with me as a prospect, as I was a big fan of him when I was covering the Giants and prospects more closely in my Optioned to Fresno days. I wrote a couple of pieces for Seedlings 2 Stars (now called Call to the Pen), including a piece profiling the top Latin American prospects in the NL West back in 2012, which listed Herrera as a top SS prospect in the Rockies system. (It looks bad now, as I said I liked Herrera more than Trevor Story, who is now the Rockies starting SS; can’t win them all I guess). While Herrera hasn’t turned into the stud I foresaw him as during his NL West days, I felt the Royals getting Herrera off waivers was a low-risk, high-reward move. Herrera isn’t killing it at the MLB level, but he’s doing much better in his limited 15 game stint with the Royals than his 11 game-13 plate appearance stint with the Reds (who designated him for assignment). As a Royal, his slash is .271/.279/.407 and his wRC+ is 80 (much better than the -25 mark with the Reds). This is Herrera’s first year playing at the Major League level, so some growing pains are to be expected, but right now Herrera is a nice utility type player who could help the Royals down the stretch, especially if he gets his base-stealing together (he stole 36 bags in Double-A in 2016; he’s 1 for 3 this year with the Royals). His plate discipline still needs major work (only 1 walk in 72 plate appearances at the Major League level), but he could fill the Merrifield role nicely should Merrifield get dealt by the deadline. He’s mostly risk and upside, like Mondesi, but unlike Mondesi, he doesn’t have age on his side (he’s 25). However, he could provide some decent production from multiple positions if given an extended chance in the Big Leagues.
With the Royals losing routinely, with their more-established players being subject to trade as the franchise seeks to replenish its farm system, Dozier’s audition is one of the more compelling tales to follow this season.
Dozier has certainly got an extended chance, as evidenced by his 156 plate appearances and 43 games played thus far. Unfortunately, the numbers don’t look impressive, as he is only posting a .222/.282/.354 slash with a 73 wRC+ and four home runs and 11 RBI. That being said, Dozier has the size (6’4, 220) and the power potential (graded a 60 for raw power from scouts) to be successful, and he has proven at the minor league level that his power is for real (.238 ISO in Omaha last season). The big question for him will be plate discipline, as his strikeout rate is over 30 percent and hovered around 38 percent in Omaha a season ago. If he can lessen than K’s, up the walks, and turn some of his groundballs (41.2 percent) to line drives and fly balls, then it is possible that Dozier can live up to his first-round pick status as soon as this season at the MLB level.
Bonifacio is a polarizing outfielder in the Royals system. The younger brother of Emilio Bonifacio, and a top prospect in the Royals system just a couple of seasons ago (he rated as the 10th best prospect in the Royals system by Fangraphs as of 2016), Bonifacio looked like he was on his way to being something special, as evidenced by his stint with the big league club where he posted a slash of .255/.320/.432 with 17 home runs, 55 runs scored, an OPS of .752 and a wRC+ of 99 in 113 games and 422 plate appearances last season. In fact, it looked likely that Bonifacio would be a shoe-in for a starting outfield spot out of Spring Training, especially considering Soler’s troubles at the plate in 2017, and Lorenzo Cain leaving in free agency. However, in March during Spring Training, Major League Baseball suspended Bonifacio 80 games for testing positive for PEDs and either he became forgotten by fans or an object of vitriol for trying to “cheat” and “deflower” the game.
However, recently Bonifacio’s suspension finally came to an end, and his presence has been made known early on. While it’s only five games and 18 plate appearances, Bonifacio is posting a slash of .313/.389/.375. In his rehab assignment in Omaha, the Dominican outfielder hit .392 with a .442 wOBA and a 167 wRC+. Considering how lackluster the Royals’ bats have been this summer (especially in June), Bonifacio is a welcome surprise who may be the centerpiece of this Royals offense if/once Merrifield and Moustakas are traded. Granted, it’s a small sample size, and Bonifacio has a long way to go to endear himself to Royals fans after the suspension (if there’s one thing KC sports fans don’t like its players with controversy; though they get over it if the players produce; hence Tyreek Hill of the Chiefs), but Bonifacio getting to a hot start is a good sign for a player who’s looking to build upon a promising campaign in 2017.
At 26 years old, and only 307 MLB games under his belt, there is a lot of upside to Soler as an athletic, strong-hitting outfielder (though he does have some lapses on the fielding end). A solid finish on what has been his best MLB season so far would be a nice cap to a surprising and reaffirming season not just for the outfielder, but Royals fans overall who are looking for hope on the offensive end of things for the future. This year showed that Soler has potential to live up to his ballyhooed Cubs prospect hype in the near future in the KC blue and white.
There hasn’t been much to cheer or be hopeful about this season for the Royals. They currently are trying to avoid the worst record in baseball, they can’t score runs for the life of them, and their farm system is currently in rebuilding mode (hence the Kelvin Herrera trade). Yes, the Royals are a small market franchise, and winning a World Series title three seasons ago should be enough to satiate the local fanbase for a least another few years. But in this day and age of “what have you done for me lately?” in sports, the Royals need to bring something to the table to help salvage not only this season somewhat, but also in the years to come as they go begin rebuilding their system both at the minor and major league level.
Seuly Matias may be that player that can get Royals fans (and potential fantasy owners) pumped again (or at least a little bit pumped).
Now, by no means is Matias the kind of blue-chip prospect that Eric Hosmer, Alex Gordon or even Mike Moustakas was less than a decade ago. However, he is a heralded prospect who without a doubt is the crown jewel of the Royals system currently. According to Baseball Prospectus, he was ranked as the #75th Best Prospect going into 2018, and in Fangraphs’ updated Top 131 prospect list (as of June 11th), Matias ranks 88th overall (he’s the only prospect listed from Kansas City).
Matias has burst onto the national scene as of late for one reason: dingers. Matias, who currently plays for the Lexington Legends (the Royals’ Single-A affiliate), leads not only the South Atlantic League but the minor leagues overall, with 24 home runs through June 26th. In the video below (courtesy of Royals Review’s weekly post on the minor leagues), the Legends coaching staff is pretty impressed with Matias’ display of not just power, but hitting ability for his age (he’s only 19 years old).
Matias is playing his first full season outside of Rookie ball this year and is a long way away from breaking into the Major Leagues. That being said, while he can’t even buy a drink in a bar yet, he seems like he possesses the purest power out of anyone in the Royals system from top to bottom. Furthermore, at 6’3, 200 pounds, Matias has the frame and strength to be a solid power-hitting outfielder as he transitions through the Royals system over the next few seasons.
However, though the power may be “Trout-esque”, his other skills are far from that comparison. As you will see in the scouting video below from a series against the Rome Braves (Atlanta’s Sally affiliate), his plate discipline needs a lot of work. He is over-aggressive and he swings at a lot of pitches out of the zone, which either results in a lot of swings and misses or bad contact that results in easy outs. That poor plate approach is evident this year in his low batting average (.238 average) as well as high strikeout rate (37.1 percent) and low BB/K ratio (0.21). To make matters worse, these trends were also common during his tenure in the Rookie Leagues the past couple of seasons, as his strikeout rates hovered around the 30 percent mark at each level, and he has never hit higher than .250 in his short career thus far.
At his age, while these numbers are a bit alarming, they’re not damning. When it comes to evaluating prospects, it’s always important to see if a player has one Major League-level “skill” and Matias has that in his power as well as arm, which also was rated a 70 on a 20-80 scale, according to Fangraphs. To have two highly-rated skills from Matias is promising, and if he can become even a “mediocre” hitter for average that can hit annually in the .240 to .260 range, he could be a valuable producer for the Royals lineup in the future, especially if he can transition that 30-40 home run power to the Major League level. Of course, that’s always easier said than done. Plenty of prospects have displayed Matias’ skill set before in the minors (especially lower levels), only to flame out as they face better pitching up the Minor League ladder. So, it’ll be interesting to see if Matias’ approach will improve as he matures as a player.
For fantasy players looking to get a head start on future keepers, Matias may be a valuable pickup…but probably not for another two-three years, minimum. He’s still only 19 years old, and the Sally is still too low a level for potential fantasy owners to make a solid judgment and projection on his future ability at the Major League level. Furthermore, Matias’ home run power hasn’t exploded until this year so it may be prudent to see if he can produce something similar in either High-A or Double-A first.
Matias has a long ways to go. But for a Royals system that’s dearth of top-end prospects, and for fantasy owners who are looking for a breakout player who could provide them pop for years to come, Matias certainly is an enticing and exciting prospect.
But let’s take his success with a grain of salt. He’s still just a teenager in Single-A, and he has a long way to go before he makes it to the show.
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] |
Also, check out the video below to see the correct letter bounce level 295 path cheat on each level 295 word. Note: All the letters you see in the crossword picture and in the video are the same for Android (Google Play) & IOS (Apple/Itunes). | [
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Video: Dad in the kitchen: Cooking for kids and parents
Closed captioning of: Dad in the kitchen: Cooking for kids and parents
>>>this morning on "today's kitchen," helping dads spice it up. we're going to start out with a dish that's for the kids and then we make it more manly. shea is the owner of italian kitchen in new york. also happens to be the dad of three. good to see you.
>>like wise.
>>kids love pasta. you can never go wrong with pasta and cheese.
>>absolutely. we're going to do rigatoni. started with a little bit of stock in here. some garlic. add a little bit of butter.
>>all of it?
>>you put it all in there.
>>this is the basic thing for the kid. this is how you start it out.
>>butter and cheese.
>>it's like
ladies night
out, all the kids are at your house and you need a little bit of release. so here we go. put some of the pasta in there.
>>so pull that out.
>>so you've already cooked it.
>>yeah, it's just
al dente
.
>>i think i overcooked it. how much is going in here.
>>put it all in there.
>>hungry kids
.
>>just going to stir this up. add the cheese.
>>that's just regular parmesan there?
>>yeah, it's grated
parmesan cheese
.
>>that took a minute and now kids are happy. a
little red
wine and then the kids are good to go.
>>wow.
>>there's a ninth jackson.
>>dora the explorer a lot of fun at your house.
>>they'll sit in front of the tv and enjoy.
>>now add some meat.
>>so we have some panchetta.
>>now we've got to man it up.
>>we have to add some vegetables.
>>do we have to?
>>you don't have to.
>>we're on tv, though.
>>so now we're going to add the pasta.
>>okay.
>>now we're talking.
>>the kids awill eat this, too, though. although, any sign of anything green, you have to pull that out.
Preparation
In a large sauté pan, add the butter, onions, leeks and garlic and sweat until it is soft. Remove the vegetables and add the canola oil and render the Sausage until it starts to brown. At this stage, add the pancetta and continue to render until the sausage is browned and pancetta is rendered. Add the vegetables back to the rendered meat.
In a large sauté pan, add a garlic clove, butter and olive oil. Lightly sweat the garlic, no color. Add the stock, butter and mascarpone and cook down to a glaze consistency.
In a large sauce pot, fill with water and season generously with salt and bring to a boil. Add the pasta and cook until just al dente. Reserve.
For children’s pasta: Add the pasta to the sauce with the butter/mascarpone glaze and finish with parmigiano cheese.
For the adult pasta: Add the rendered vegetables and pork to the pan with the sauce and heat through. Toss the cooked pasta with the sauce and finish grated parmigiano cheese. Plate and cover with slices of speck and bread crumbs.
In a highly-anticipated speech to Congress Tuesday, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu argued that a potential nuclear deal being negotiated by major powers including the United States "paves Iran's path to the bomb." | [
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libavformat/rtpdec_mpeg4.o: libavformat/rtpdec_mpeg4.c \
libavformat/rtpdec_formats.h libavformat/rtpdec.h libavcodec/avcodec.h \
libavutil/samplefmt.h libavutil/avutil.h libavutil/common.h \
libavutil/attributes.h libavutil/macros.h libavutil/version.h \
libavutil/avconfig.h config.h libavutil/intmath.h libavutil/mem.h \
libavutil/error.h libavutil/internal.h libavutil/timer.h libavutil/log.h \
libavutil/cpu.h libavutil/dict.h libavutil/pixfmt.h libavutil/libm.h \
libavutil/intfloat.h libavutil/mathematics.h libavutil/rational.h \
libavutil/attributes.h libavutil/avutil.h libavutil/buffer.h \
libavutil/cpu.h libavutil/channel_layout.h libavutil/dict.h \
libavutil/frame.h libavutil/buffer.h libavutil/samplefmt.h \
libavutil/log.h libavutil/pixfmt.h libavutil/rational.h \
libavcodec/version.h libavutil/version.h libavformat/avformat.h \
libavformat/avio.h libavutil/common.h libavformat/version.h \
libavformat/rtp.h libavformat/avformat.h libavutil/mathematics.h \
libavformat/url.h libavformat/srtp.h libavformat/internal.h \
libavutil/bprint.h libavutil/avstring.h libavformat/os_support.h \
libavutil/avstring.h libavcodec/get_bits.h libavutil/intreadwrite.h \
libavutil/bswap.h libavutil/avassert.h libavcodec/mathops.h \
libavcodec/vlc.h
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] |
Eggnog literally means eggs inside a small cup. It is used as a toast to ones health. Nog is an old English dialect word (from East Anglia) of obscure origins that was used to describe a kind of strong beer (hence noggin). It is first recorded in the seventeenth century. Eggnog, however, is first mentioned in the early nineteenth century but seems to have been popular on both sides of the Atlantic at that time. An alternative British name was egg flip.
Egg Nog History:
This history of Eggnog is by Nanna Rognvaldardottir of Iceland
It all began in England, where eggnog was the trademark drink of the upper class.
“You have to remember, the average Londoner rarely saw a glass of milk,” says author/historian James Humes (July 1997, “To Humes It May Concern”), former speech writer and adviser to four presidents.”
There was no refrigeration, and the farms belonged to the big estates. Those who could get milk and eggs to make eggnog mixed it with brandy or Madeira or even sherry.” But it became most popular in America, where farms and dairy products were plentiful, as was rum. Rum came to these shores via the Triangular Trade from the Caribbean; thus it was far more affordable than the heavily taxed brandy or other European spirits that it replaced at our forefather’s holiday revels.”
An English creation, it descended from a hot British drink called posset, which consists of eggs, milk, and ale or wine. The recipe for eggnog (eggs beaten with sugar, milk or cream, and some kind of spirit) has traveled well, adapting to local tastes wherever it has landed:
In the American South, bourbon replaced ale (though nog, the British slang for strong ale, stuck). Rich, strong eggnog — the richer and stronger, the better — is no stranger to holiday celebrations in New Orleans, and at this time of year the drink takes its place alongside syllabubs on the traditional southern table.
Syllabub is a less potent mixture than eggnog but just as rich. Made with milk, sugar and wine, it straddles the line between drink and liquid dessert.
Eggnog goes by the name coquito in Puerto Rico, where, not surprisingly, rum is the liquor of choice (as it is these days for many eggnog lovers in the U.S.). There the drink has the added appeal of being made with fresh coconut juice or coconut milk.
Mexican eggnog, known as rompope, was created in the convent of Santa Clara in the state of Puebla. The basic recipe is augmented with a heavy dose of Mexican cinnamon and rum or grain alcohol, and the resulting drink is sipped as a liqueur.
In Peru, holidays are celebrated with a biblia con pisco, an eggnog made with the Peruvian pomace brandy called pisco.
The Germans make a eggnog or rather egg soup with beer (Biersuppe).
Here in Iceland, we do have a soup here that resembles eggnog somewhat but there is no alcohol in it. It is served hot as a dessert. Other than that, we have nothing that resembles eggnog and no eggnog traditions. | [
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Police search for additional victims in child porn case in Overland
Overland, Mo. (KMOV) – The Overland Police Department is currently investigating a case involving the possession of child pornography and believes there may be more victims in the area.
Ronald Lee Mills, of the 2800 block of Poe, is currently in custody for possession of child pornography and is being held on bond. Police state that there is reason to believe other children have visited Mills at his residence.
Police say a computer repairman was fixing Mills' computer when he found the pictures and alerted police.
Neighbors say Mills has lived on their street for years. Police say they have identified some of the children in the pictures, who are anywhere from 3 to 11 years old, as neighborhood kids.
“There's a sense there might be something different about him. He had lived there for a while. He had a family. I know a daughter, I think a son, grandchildren," said Susie Kilian, neighbor.
"We’re trying to locate any other victims that might be out there and make sure they're being protected," said Chief Michael Laws, Overland Police.
Anyone who knows of a child who may have had contact with Mills or has information is urged to call Detective Steve Hurst at 314-428-4760 or 314-428-1221. | [
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] |
Not Applicable
The present invention is directed generally to optical signal varying devices that provide for controllably varying optical signal characteristics. More particularly, the invention relates to optical amplifiers and attenuators that have controllable gain, loss and transparent intensity variation profiles for use in optical communication systems.
The continued development of digital technology has provided electronic access to vast amounts of information. The increased access to information has fueled an increasing desire to quickly obtain and process the information. This desire has, in turn, driven demand for faster and higher capacity electronic information processing equipment (computers) and transmission networks and systems linking the processing equipment (telephone lines, cable television (CATV) systems, local, wide and metropolitan area networks (LAN, WAN, and MAN)).
In response to this demand, telecommunications companies have turned to optical communication systems to provide substantially larger information bandwidth transmission capacities than traditional electrical communication systems. Early optical transmission systems, known as space division multiplex (SDM) systems, transmitted one information signal using a single wavelength in separate waveguides, i.e. fiber optic strand. Time division multiplexing (TDM) multiple information signals onto a single wavelength in a known sequence that can be separated upon receipt has further increased the transmission capacity of optical systems.
The continued growth in traditional communications systems and the emergence of the Internet as a means for accessing data has further accelerated the demand for higher capacity communications networks. Telecommunications companies have looked to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to further increase the capacity of their existing systems.
In WDM transmission systems, pluralities of distinct TDM or SDM information signals are carried using electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths in the optical spectrum, i.e., far-UV to far-infrared. The pluralities of information carrying wavelengths are combined into a multiple wavelength optical signal, which is transmitted in a single waveguide. In this manner, WDM systems can increase the transmission capacity of existing SDM/TDM systems by a factor equal to the number of wavelengths used in the WDM system.
Optical WDM systems were not initially deployed, in part, because of the high cost of electrical signal regeneration/amplification equipment required to compensate for signal attenuation for each optical wavelength throughout the system. However, the development of the erbium doped fiber optical amplifier (EDFA) eliminated the need for, and the associated costs of, electrical signal regeneration/amplification equipment to compensate for signal attenuation in many systems. Thus, WDM systems became a cost effective means to increase optical network capacity.
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (xe2x80x9cEDFAsxe2x80x9d) can theoretically be used to amplify signals in an amplification wavelength range spanning from approximately 1500 nm and 1600 nm. However, EDFAs do not equally amplify each optical signal wavelength within the range. The differences in amplification can result in attenuation of some signals and/or signal loss or distortion because of highly amplified noise. Thus, the performance of EDFAs in a transmission system varies depending upon the number of wavelengths and the wavelengths used in the system.
Judicious selection of the wavelengths and amplifier powers used in a system can minimize EDFA variations (gain non-uniformities). For example, many WDM systems currently restrict the wavelengths used in the system to between 1540 nm and 1560 nm, a range in which EDFAs comparably amplify optical signals. As might be expected, restricting system designs to only those wavelengths that are comparably amplified by EDFAs severely limits the number of wavelengths and the information transmission capacity of WDM systems.
The number of wavelengths in the system can be increased to some extent, if only a small number of amplifiers are used in the system. A broader range of wavelengths can be used with a less stringent requirement for uniform amplification, because cumulative amplifier variations will generally not swamp out lowly amplified signals over a small number of amplifiers.
In addition to the wavelength dependence, EDFA performance is also a function of the amplification power supplied to the EDFA. Thus, EDFAs generally must be operated with a limited power range to minimize amplification variations in the system. The amplifier power limitations, in turn, increase the number of amplifiers in a system by limiting the allowable distance between EDFAs, i.e., the span length.
In discussing the signal intensity variation of EDFAs and other devices, the uniformity of gain or loss profiles over a wavelength range is generally referred to as the flatness of the profile. A perfectly flat profile is a gain, loss, or transparency profile that has a constant value over the wavelength range of interest.
WDM system constraints imposed by EDFA wavelength variations have focused attention on providing EDFA configurations that compensate for the variations and provide more uniform gain for a larger band of wavelengths and over a greater power range. Various EDFA configurations have been proposed to minimize amplifier gain variations. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,406,411, 5,541,766, 5,557,442, 5,636,301, and 5,696,615; Sugaya et al., Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, Technical Digest OSA 1995 v. 18, pp. 158-161/FC3-1; Jacobovitz-Veselka et al., Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, Technical Digest OSA 1995 v. 18, pp. 162-165/FC3-1; Park et al., Electronics Letters, Mar. 5, 1998, Vol. 34, No. 5, Online No. 19980346; and, Dung et al., Electronics Letters, Mar. 19, 1998, v. 34, n. 6, Online No. 19980446.
Other amplifier configurations have used EDFAs in combination with a Raman amplifier to statically vary the gain profile of an EDFA. For example, see Masuda et al., OSA 1997, pp. 40-3/MC3-1, Masuda et al., Electronics Letters, v34, n13, Online No. 19980935 (Jun. 25, 1998), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,083,874 issued to Aida et al. It has also been proposed to eliminate EDFAs and use amplifier configurations that employ only Raman amplifiers. However, the all-Raman configurations to date have not greatly improved the amplifiers gain flatness profile and may still require gain equalization to flatten the gain profile as discussed by Rottwitt et al., xe2x80x9cA 92 nm Bandwidth Raman Amplifierxe2x80x9d, OFC ""98, p. 72/CAT-1.
The above referenced gain flattened configurations are generally statically configured to have a wavelength range defined by a 3 dB variation (xcx9c a factor of 2) in the gain profile and having a xc2x11 dB variation between wavelengths. The gain flattened amplifiers provide some improvement over conventional EDFAs in the number of amplifiers, amplifier power ranges, and span lengths before the signal must be regenerated. The gain flattened optical amplifiers nonetheless introduce excess amplifier noise and gain nonuniformities that limit the number of optical amplifiers that can be used in a WDM system prior to signal regeneration.
Gain flattening in optical amplifier configurations is generally performed using filters and/or attenuators to decrease the signal intensity of the wavelengths to a specified value. For example, in many embodiments, the optical signals are amplified to an intensity higher than the amplifier output value and the filters and attenuators are used to flatten the gain profile by decreasing the optical signal intensity. These methods tend to increase the noise in the signal with a corresponding decrease in the output power of the device.
Optical filters and attenuators are often included as separate optical devices in the system, but may also be allfiber devices, such as Bragg grating filters and all-fiber attenuators, included in the transmission fiber. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,728,170, 5,095,519, 5,633,974, 5,651,085, and 5,694,512. The filters and attenuators can be variable or fixed depending upon the configuration. The amplifier, filters, and attenuators are statically configured to flatten the gain profile.
As the demand for transmission capacity continues to grow, there is an increasing need for systems that span longer distances and provide a greater number of information carrying wavelengths/channels. However, it has proven difficult to balance the non-linear gain of EDFA configurations with selective wavelength filtering and attenuation to provide gain flattened amplifier configurations that meet this need.
Accordingly, there is a need for optical amplifiers and attenuator particularly, and signal varying devices generally, that provide increased control over the spectral intensity profile of optical signal in the optical systems. The improved signal varying devices will provide for higher capacity, more versatile, longer distance communication systems.
The apparatuses and methods of the present invention address the above difficulties with prior art optical devices and systems. An optical system of the present invention includes a plurality of optical processing nodes in optical communication via at least one signal varying device. The signal varying devices includes an optical fiber suitable for facilitating Raman scattering/gain in a signal wavelength range and a pump energy source for providing pump energy in a plurality of pump wavelengths. The pump source provides sufficient pump energy in each pump wavelength to stimulate Raman scattering/gain in the optical fiber within the signal wavelength range.
The signal varying device can be embodied as a distributed device that employs a portion or all of an optical transmission fiber extending between two optical nodes, such as between an optical transmitter and an optical receiver. The signal varying device can also be embodied as a lumped or concentrated device that is placed in the optical transmission fiber at discrete locations between the optical nodes.
The pump wavelengths are selected such that the combined Raman gain resulting from the pump energy supplied by each pump wavelength produces a desired signal variation profile in the signal wavelength range. In addition, the pump energy supplied by at least one of the pump wavelengths can be dynamically varied to produce a controlled signal intensity variation profile over the signal wavelength range in the optical fiber. In an embodiment, four pump wavelengths spaced in 10-30 nm intervals can be used to provide intensity gain and flatness control to over 30 nm to within xc2x10.2 dB.
Also in an embodiment, erbium doped fiber is included in the signal varying device to provide a multiple stage signal varying device. The erbium doped fiber and the multiple wavelength controlled Raman portion of the signal varying device can be operated in conjunction to impart a desired intensity profile to the optical signal.
The design and length of the optical fiber used in conjunction with the pump source can be tailored to provide flexibility in operation of the system. For example, a concentrated, or lumped, high gain signal varying device can be provided using a small core fiber, such as dispersion compensated or dispersion shifted fiber. The lumped device further provides for a greater range over which the signal varying device can be used as an attenuator because of its higher localized loss.
Multistage concentrated and/or distributed Raman signal varying devices can also be employed to further tailor the profile using either separate or common pump sources. For example, a first concentrated Raman stage can employ small core fiber to provide for efficient Raman amplification of the signal wavelengths. A second concentrated Raman stage can employ a larger core fiber to further amplify the signal power, while lessening the extent of non-linear interactions amongst the signal wavelengths that may occur in a single stage with smaller core fibers. The second concentrated Raman stage can also employ fiber having low loss in the 1400-1520 nm range to allow for more efficient Raman pumping of the multiple stages using a common source. In addition, the first and second Raman stages can use fibers that have different chromatic dispersion characteristics to further reduce the extent of non-linear interaction between the signal wavelengths.
Distributed signal varying devices can be provided by employing the optical transmission fiber spanning between the optical nodes to control the signal variation profile occurring in the transmission fiber. Also, different optical fiber types, including doped fibers, can be used in various portions to replace existing transmission fiber to provide for different distributed signal varying profiles. The concentrated and distributed Raman signal varying devices can be used alone or in combination to statically or dynamically impart desired signal varying profile characteristics to the system.
In an embodiment, a distributed Raman amplifier can be employed with one or more first pump sources propagating pump energy in the transmission fiber to amplify counter-propagating signal wavelengths to provide a first signal varying profile. A concentrated Raman signal varying device can be placed in series with the distributed Raman amplifier employing one or more second pump sources to provide a second signal varying profile. The first and second signal varying profiles acting to produce a desired overall signal varying profile. Additionally, an EDFA can be employed to contribute a third signal varying profile to the overall signal varying profile.
A distributed Raman amplifier can also be used to provide pump energy to one or more remotely located concentrated or distributed Raman amplifiers and/or doped amplifying fibers. For example, the pump sources can be selected to produce a first signal varying profile in the distributed Raman amplifier and a second signal varying profile in the remotely located erbium doped fiber. The pump power and/or the wavelength of the pump energy sources can be varied to control to individual and overall signal varying profiles. Pump energy can also be supplied to remotely located signal varying devices using one or more separate fibers. Such fibers can be pure SiO2 to minimize loss and nonlinear conversion of the pump light.
Additional gain and gain profile control in Raman amplifier stages can be produced by including one or more pumps at lower Raman wavelengths that serve to provide additional pump energy to the higher Raman pump wavelengths. The pump source can employ numerous configurations to decrease the extent of interference, i.e., cross-talk, that occurs between the Raman pump wavelengths, as well as the signal wavelength.
Thus, the devices and methods of the present invention provide for control of the signal intensity over a range of wavelengths in optical transmission systems. Accordingly, the present invention addresses the aforementioned problems and provides signal varying devices, methods, and optical systems that provide increased control over optical signal characteristics in the system. These advantages and others will become apparent from the following detailed description. | [
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Although solenoid-actuated valves are well suited for automatic remote control, because of the limited power developable by a conventional solenoid, such valves generally are limited in use to installations in which the solenoid actuation is opposed by low forces. Consequently, where the opposing forces are high, as in opening a lift valve against a considerable hydraulic head and a spring sufficiently strong to hold the valve normally closed, a solenoid-actuated valve is impractical except as a pilot valve, and some other means must be resorted to for directly actuating the lift valve. The problem posed by the shortcoming, powerwise, of solenoid-actuation is particularly apparent in attempting to render fool-proof the dumping of the usual plain water coolant from the cooling system of a diesel locomotive when the latter has to be shut down for repairs under freezing conditions and, as usual, the available expedient is a manually operated dump valve. It is with the adaptation of a solenoid-actuated valve for such heavy duty use that the present invention is particularly concerned. | [
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] |
Q:
Android studio: Unable to create new project
I upgraded android studio to 2.3 after number of errors I got to compile project but when i try to create new project, nothing happens no error, could anyone tell me why this happening
idea.log:
2017-03-21 23:20:15,671 [ 728938] ERROR - pplication.impl
.LaterInvocator - Android Studio 2.3 Build #AI-162.3764568
2017-03-21 23:20:15,671 [ 728938] ERROR - pplication.impl.LaterInvocator
- JDK: 1.8.0_45
2017-03-21 23:20:15,671 [ 728938] ERROR - pplication.impl
.LaterInvocator - VM: Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM
2017-03-21 23:20:15,671 [ 728938] ERROR - pplication.impl.
LaterInvocator - Vendor: Oracle Corporation
2017-03-21 23:20:15,671 [ 728938] ERROR -
pplication.impl.LaterInvocator - OS: Windows 8
2017-03-21 23:20:15,671 [ 728938] ERROR - pplication.impl.
LaterInvocator - Last Action: ShowLog
2017-03-21 23:20:16,317 [ 729584] INFO - .diagnostic.
PerformanceWatcher - Pushing properties took 11ms; general
responsiveness: ok; EDT responsiveness: ok
2017-03-21 23:20:18,160 [ 731427] INFO - .diagnostic.
PerformanceWatcher - Indexable file iteration took 1843ms;
general responsiveness: ok; EDT responsiveness: ok
2017-03-21 23:22:42,925 [ 876192] WARN -
ctions.AndroidNewProjectAction - Unable to launch New Project Wizard
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Gradle plugin missing from the
offline Maven repo
at com.android.tools.idea.gradle.plugin.AndroidPluginGeneration.getLatestKnownVersion(AndroidPluginGeneration.java:213)
and so on
A:
I solved this error by downloading all the packages also uninstalling AS without uninstalling SDK, also when installing AS keep the internet connection off, hope it help others too, and save from a lot of trouble i faced!
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] |
Twenty years of failure: Many groups missed chances to stop Larry Nassar.
Larissa Boyce, a former gymnast sexually abused by Larry Nassar, attends a November hearing. “We’ve felt like we’ve been fighting this battle for the last 14 or 15 months, just to try to get somebody to listen to us,” Boyce said. (JEFF KOWALSKY/AFP/Getty Images)
As Larissa Boyce watched the past week unfold — the growing number of news trucks parked outside the courthouse, the surging public interest in disgraced gymnastics doctor Larry Nassar and his sex abuse victims, and the calls from lawmakers for resignations and investigations — one word repeated in her mind, encapsulating both relief and frustration.
"Finally," Boyce said Thursday. "Finally, somebody is listening to our cries for help."
Boyce, a 37-year-old mother of four, is one of the 156 women and girls whose testimony over the course of seven days , coupled with a review of documents produced in litigation, offered the most complete picture to date of how a man a prosecutor called "possibly the most prolific serial child sex abuser in history" avoided the inside of a jail cell for so long.
Between 1995 and 2015, according to testimony and court filings, 13 girls and women said they raised complaints about Nassar, who continued to treat — and assault — his patients until the 14th went to law enforcement — and the Indianapolis Star — in August 2016.
It's a timeline of people and organizations accused of failure to respond aggressively to suspicions of abuse that includes institutions under fire this week: Michigan State University, USA Gymnastics and the U.S. Olympic Committee but also the FBI, a local police force, a local gymnastics center and the parents of several victims, along with others they say they consulted before deciding not to contact law enforcement.
"I think it was the perfect storm of sorts: of ineptitude, inaction and willful neglect," said John Manly, a California attorney representing more than 100 victims.
For victims such as Boyce, however, the timeline extends past the fall of 2016 — when Nassar was arrested — and runs right up until the past week, when the first few days of tearful testimony triggered the national outpouring — and furor from Congress — that she and others expected a year earlier.
"We've felt like we've been fighting this battle for the last 14 or 15 months just to try to get somebody to listen to us," she said. "Why did it have to take that long for people to understand what happened here?"
A review of the timeline of accusations doesn't answer that question but does show the many people and organizations who may have had a chance to stop Nassar earlier — and didn't.
1995: Donna Markham said her 10-year-old daughter, Chelsea, told her, after visiting Nassar for treatment for back pain, that "he put his fingers in me, and they weren't gloved." Markham was ready "to drive across the median" to turn around and confront Nassar, she said in court last week, but her daughter begged her not to tell anyone out of fear it would negatively impact her gymnastics career. She said she mentioned the incident to a gymnastics coach who expressed doubt it had happened.
Chelsea Markham committed suicide in 2009 at the age of 23 .
1997: Boyce, then a 16-year-old in a Michigan State youth gymnastics program, said she told Kathie Klages, the university's longtime gymnastics coach, that Nassar digitally penetrated her during medical treatment. Klages expressed doubt and called in other young gymnasts, Boyce said, asking whether anyone else had experienced similar conduct by Nassar. The coach also brought in collegiate gymnasts, Boyce said, who suggested she was misinterpreting a procedure Nassar performed on nerve endings in the pelvic area.
One other girl, who was 14 at the time and wishes to remain anonymous, also came forward that night with concerns about Nassar's treatment, according to Boyce and her attorney, who also represents the other accuser.
At one point, Boyce said, Klages waved a piece of paper in the air — she believes it was some type of complaint form — and discouraged them from filing a report.
"Instead of being protected, I was humiliated," Boyce said. "I was brainwashed into believing that I was the problem."
The other girl that day testified in court last week as Victim 55. Nassar nodded in recognition when she addressed him.
"I never questioned why he always asked the nurses and residents to leave the room, even though he was a teaching doctor," she said. "We grew up watching MSU promote and glorify a pedophile."
In court filings, Michigan State's attorney has said the school has been unable either to prove or disprove these claims.
John Geddert, the 2012 Olympic gymnastics coach, retired a day after USA Gymnastics suspended his membership. (Thomas Coex/AFP/Getty Images)
1998: The anonymous mother of a young gymnast at Twistars, a Lansing, Mich.-area gym run by 2012 Olympic gymnastics coach John Geddert, said she was told by her daughter that Nassar had touched her in the vaginal area. The mother informed Geddert, she said, that she would no longer permit Nassar to treat her child.
The same year, a 12-year-old girl identified in a lawsuit against Twistars as Jane A71 Doe said she complained vaguely to an unnamed coach that Nassar was doing "inappropriate things."
In court filings, Twistars has denied these claims and Geddert has denied any knowledge of Nassar's abuse. This week, USA Gymnastics announced it had suspended Geddert's membership, pending a disciplinary investigation. A day later, Geddert announced through a letter to gym members he was retiring while denouncing USA Gymnastics' decision.
1999: Lindsey Schuett said she was 16 when she sought treatment from Nassar and she "knew immediately that it was abuse." She told her mother, she said, and a school counselor, but Nassar convinced them she misunderstood a legitimate treatment. Her mother sent her back to Nassar for more treatment.
"I felt like I was trapped in some hellish situation that only a movie could dream up," said Schuett, now 34, in her videotaped impact statement, which she sent from South Korea, where she now lives.
"I told myself to forget," Schuett said. "I told myself that I had to be the only one."
The same year, former Michigan State cross-country runner Christie Achenbach said she complained about Nassar's treatment to her track coach and her parents. They concluded she must have misinterpreted valid treatment, Achenbach said in a phone interview Thursday. Achenbach's former coach sent her a Facebook message recently, she said, apologizing but stating she did not recall this conversation.
Over the years, Achenbach, now a 40-year-old dietitian in North Carolina, has periodically typed Nassar's name into Internet search engines, along with terms such as "accusations of harassment," to see whether anything came up. Until late 2016, nothing did.
Tiffany Thomas-Lopez said two Michigan State trainers discouraged her from filing a formal complaint against Nassar. (Brendan Mcdermid/Reuters)
2000: Tiffany Thomas-Lopez, a Michigan State softball player, said she complained about Nassar digitally penetrating her to two trainers, one of whom discouraged her from filing a formal report.
"I imagined hitting you if I ever got the chance to see you again," Thomas-Lopez told Nassar in court last week.
In court filings, Michigan State's attorney has said the trainers have denied these allegations and that the school can neither prove nor disprove Thomas-Lopez's claims.
Sometime between 2000 and 2002: Michigan State volleyball player Jennifer Rood-Bedford said she made a vague complaint to a trainer about Nassar and ultimately decided not to file an official complaint. Nassar's unusual treatments were apparently well-known to her teammates, however, as Rood-Bedford said they jokingly referred to him as "the crotch doc."
"I remember laying there wondering, 'Is this okay? This doesn't seem right,' " she said in court of her treatment by Nassar. "Everyone trusted him. I told myself I needed to trust him, too."
Of the discussion with the trainer, Rood-Bedford said, "She treated the situation with both seriousness and sober-mindedness." Rood-Bedford decided not to file a complaint, she said, a choice she has long regretted.
"I constantly ask myself, 'Did I have the power to stop him?' " she said.
Kyle Stephens, right, addresses Nassar during the first day of the victim impact statements. (Matthew Dae Smith/AP)
2004: Kyle Stephens, a 12-year-old whose parents were family friends of Nassar, told her mother and father about abuse he had been subjecting her to since she was 6. Nassar denied the girl's allegations, and Stephens's parents believed him. Stephens's father committed suicide in 2016, an act she believes was partly because of the realization she had been telling the truth.
"Parents need to learn the warning signs," Stephens said in an interview outside the courtroom last week. "And they need to believe their kids."
Stephens's parents consulted a retired Michigan State professor and psychologist, Gary Stollak, about their daughter's allegation before they decided to believe Nassar, Stephens has said. In a court hearing last year, Stollak testified he had a stroke in 2010 and doesn't recall any of this.
The same year, 17-year-old Brianne Randall told her mother and police in Meridian Township, near Lansing, that Nassar sexually assaulted her.
"The police questioned you, and you had the audacity to tell them I misunderstood the treatment because I was not comfortable with my body," Randall said, addressing Nassar during her impact statement. That Meridian police missed an opportunity to stop Nassar has been reported publicly since September 2016, but Randall didn't publicly identify herself until the sentencing hearing.
When she saw the first Star article about Nassar in September 2016, Randall said, she immediately called her mother and said: "He's abused other people. I knew this was going to happen."
Meridian Township paid for Randall's flight from Seattle, where she now lives, to Michigan to confront Nassar. Frank Walsh, the township manager, said they have a news conference planned for next week to discuss the case.
2014: Recent Michigan State graduate Amanda Thomashow filed complaints with both university police and the school's Title IX office after, she said, Nassar cupped her buttocks, massaged her breast and vaginal area during treatment and was visibly aroused. Michigan State's Title IX office concluded she had misinterpreted medical treatment. The police investigation did not result in a criminal charge.
After the Title IX investigation concluded, Nassar and his boss — William Strampel, then the dean of Michigan State's College of Osteopathic Medicine — agreed to conditions to prevent another "misinterpretation." Nassar was never to perform this type of treatment again without a chaperon in the room and would modify it, he agreed, to minimize skin to skin contact.
After Nassar's arrest, Michigan State police and the FBI jointly interviewed several of Nassar's supervisors and colleagues. According to the police report, released late last year, Strampel conceded he never intended to ensure Nassar was following these conditions because the Title IX inquiry cleared him and these were "common sense" measures.
Michigan State sports physician Douglas Dietzel told police that, in 2016, after Nassar was fired, Strampel told several doctors that " 'Larry didn't follow the guidelines' that were put in place after the 2014 investigation," the report said.
Dietzel said when he heard that he thought, "How do we enforce those things when we didn't even know about them?"
2015: In June, former Team USA gymnast Maggie Nichols contacted USA Gymnastics leadership about Nassar, who assaulted Nichols, she said, at the Karolyi Ranch. USA Gymnastics conducted its own investigation for five weeks and decided to report Nassar to the Indianapolis office of the FBI in July. An agent told the organization's CEO, Steve Penny, not to do anything that would interfere with the investigation, USA Gymnastics has said, which Penny interpreted as a directive not to inform anyone else. While USA Gymnastics parted ways with Nassar and informed the USOC of the allegations, no one contacted Michigan State.
Gina Nichols, mother of former gymnast Maggie Nichols, is greeted by other victims at Nassar’s sentencing hearing. (Brendan Mcdermid/Reuters)
2016: In April, Penny and then-USA Gymnastics board chair Paul Parilla, concerned about an apparent lack of progress by the FBI investigation out of Indianapolis, met with an agent in the bureau's Los Angeles office.
In July, Nichols received her first call from an FBI agent, based in Los Angeles. A spokeswoman for the FBI's Indianapolis office deferred questions to the FBI's national press office, which declined to comment. A spokeswoman for the Los Angeles office confirmed that office opened an investigation in the spring of 2016.
"The L.A. investigation was opened when allegations came directly to the L.A. office," spokeswoman Laura Eimiller said. "These other questions really need to be directed elsewhere."
In August, Rachael Denhollander, a Louisville woman assaulted by Nassar in 2000 as a 15-year-old gymnast from Kalamazoo, Mich., contacted the Indianapolis Star and filed a report with Michigan State police. Days before, Nassar treated Emma Ann Miller, now 15, who believes she is his last known victim.
In September, the Indianapolis Star published its first story on the allegations against Nassar, and Michigan State fired him. On Sept. 20, Michigan State police executed a search warrant at Nassar's home and discovered an external hard drive containing 37,000 images of child pornography in the trash can at the curb.
One enduring question to Manly, the victim's attorney, is why no one from any of the FBI field offices investigating Nassar bothered to execute a search warrant earlier.
"The first thing you do in a child molestation investigation is you try to get access to his computers because there's usually child pornography there," he said.
In December, Nassar was indicted on child pornography charges. Thomas-Lopez went public in a lawsuit with allegations her complaints were ignored in 2000. The Lansing State Journal reported that a university Title IX investigation of Nassar in 2014 cleared him.
2017: In February, Michigan State announced the hiring of attorney Patrick Fitzgerald, a former federal prosecutor, to conduct an internal review related to Nassar. Victims soon began calling for a public release of Fitzgerald's report.
In March, Penny resigned from USA Gymnastics. The Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing on sex abuse in Olympic sports, called by Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.). USOC executive Rick Adams, under questioning from Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.), said someone at USA Gymnastics probably knew or should have known about Nassar's abuse, given the number of accusers. In Michigan, Boyce publicly said she tried to complain about Nassar in 1997.
In May, the Senate Commerce Committee held its own hearing, called by Sen. John Thune (R-S.D.), discussing sex abuse in Olympic sports.
In June, USA Gymnastics released a report by a former federal prosecutor that recommended policy improvements but avoided addressing potential failures to stop Nassar earlier. Manly called the report "a public relations facade" and began calling for independent investigations of USA Gymnastics and the USOC.
In July, Nassar pleaded guilty to federal child porn crimes.
In November, Nassar pleaded guilty to 10 sexual assault counts in two counties in Michigan.
In December, Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette acceded to victim's demands and asked Michigan State to make its internal report public. The attorney Fitzgerald stated there was no report; he had been conducting fact-finding in preparation for defending the school in lawsuits and found no evidence of criminal wrongdoing. Victims renewed calls for an independent investigation of Michigan State's role in Nassar's crimes. A federal judge sentenced Nassar to serve 60 years for his child porn crimes.
Former Michigan State president Lou Anna Simon answers a question after being confronted by former MSU gymnast Lindsey Lemke during a break in the Nassar sentencing hearing. Simon resigned a week later. (Scott Olson/Getty Images)
2018: On Jan. 16, Nassar's sentencing hearing began. On. Jan 19, in the middle of the fourth day of victim's statements, Michigan State's board acquiesced to demands for an independent investigation and asked the state attorney general's office to conduct it.
On Wednesday, minutes after a judge sentenced Nassar to 40 to 175 years in prison, USOC chief executive Scott Blackmun announced plans for an independent investigation of USA Gymnastics and the USOC's role in Nassar's crimes. Hours later, Michigan State president Lou Anna Simon resigned.
Late Wednesday and Thursday, multiple members of Congress, for the first time, issued calls for independent investigations of Michigan State, USA Gymnastics and the USOC. On Friday, USA Gymnastics announced its entire board of directors will resign, and Michigan State athletic director Mark Hollis stepped down.
Sen. Feinstein released statements that said a meeting she had with eight Nassar victims last February was "one of the most disturbing, emotional meetings I've held in 25 years in the Senate," and she demanded an investigation of Michigan State.
Sen. Blumenthal tweeted that he, too, was calling for independent investigations of the USOC, USA Gymnastics and Michigan State. | [
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] |
The family of businessman Sean Quinn and Irish Bank Resolution Corporation have agreed to mediation of their long-running and bitter dispute over liability for loans of €2.34bn.
The High Court was told by lawyers for the Quinns this morning that the sides had agreed to mediation.
Mr Justice Robert Haughton said he was pleased as this dispute lent itself to mediation and he wished the parties well.
Preparations for the hearing of the action by Patricia Quinn and her five adult children will continue in the meantime.
The action, initiated in May 2011 and due to open on 3 June, has been deferred to January 2016 pending the outcome of criminal proceedings against former Anglo chairman Sean FitzPatrick, due for hearing in October.
The Quinns' senior counsel, Martin Hayden, had told the court on 3 June, after the deferral was directed by the judge, the adjournment should be used for mediation.
IBRC had said finalisation of the case was in the public interest, counsel said.
Two other hearing dates for the Quinns' action were also previously deferred, also on the application of the DPP and on similar grounds of criminal proceedings against various former Anglo executives and officials.
The legal costs of the Quinn proceedings to date are estimated to run to several million euro.
Separately, lawyers for IBRC have served a motion for judgment on Sean Quinn Senior, seeking indemnity from him against any sums awarded to his family should they win their case or, without prejudice to the indemnity claim, damages for alleged misrepresentation, breach of warranty of authority, fraud, negligence and conspiracy.
Mr Justice Haughton was told today lawyers for IBRC had clarified in correspondence the motion, to be dealt with at the end of the family's action should the latter proceed, relates only to assets in the bankruptcy estate of Mr Quinn.
Any judgment is also contingent on the family winning their case.
Larry Brennan, solicitor for Mr Quinn, said, given the clarification the motion related only to the bankruptcy estate and not any assets acquired by Mr Quinn since he exited from bankruptcy, Mr Quinn had no position on the motion.
This was because of a previous ruling in 2012 by Mr Justice Peter Kelly that Mr Quinn, then a bankrupt, had no entitlement to defend the motion.
Mr Gallagher said IBRC's position was the motion for judgment always related to assets in the bankruptcy estate and there was no confusion.
IBRC previously joined Mr Quinn as a third party to the family's case.
After the Official Assignee in bankruptcy declined in 2012 to defend the bank's claim against Mr Quinn who, as a bankrupt at that point, could not personally defend it, the Commercial Court ruled the bank could seek judgment in default against Mr Quinn at the trial of the family's action.
In their case against IBRC and its special liquidator Kieran Wallace, the Quinns allege €2.34bn loans made by Anglo to various Quinn companies were for the unlawful purpose of propping up the bank's share price.
Following a Supreme Court decision last March, they cannot pursue aspects of their claim alleging the loans are unenforceable.
The defendants previously joined Sean Quinn Senior and two former senior Quinn Group executives, Dara O'Reilly and Liam McCaffrey, as third parties.
The third parties have denied the bank's claims they acted as agents of the Quinn plaintiffs concerning disputed share pledges and guarantees. | [
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import markdown, codecs, re
import collections
class MarkdownTable(object):
def __init__(self, file_path=None, raw_content=None):
if raw_content:
self.input_file = raw_content
else:
try:
self.input_file = (codecs.open(file_path, mode="r", encoding="utf-8")).read()
except:
raise AssertionError('Unable to open the provided file path')
self.row_list = []
self.column_list = self.columns()
self.column_dict = collections.OrderedDict()
def columns(self):
column_list = []
for line in re.findall("\\|[^\n]+\\|\n", self.input_file):
if line: # TODO: Add logic to determine if this is the true header row
result = [x.strip() for x in line.split('|')]
for column in result:
if column:
column_list.append(column)
return column_list
def rows(self):
row_count = 0
return_list = []
for line in re.findall("\\|[^\n]+\\|\n", self.input_file):
if line and row_count >= 2: # TODO: Add logic to determine if this is the true header row
return_dict = collections.OrderedDict()
column_count = len(self.column_list)
result = [x.strip() for x in line.split('|')]
count = 0
for column in result:
if column:
if count < column_count:
return_dict.update({
self.column_list[count]: column
})
count += 1
return_list.append(return_dict)
row_count += 1
return return_list | [
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] |
Panton was found passed out on the sidewalk near the road at the corner of South Upper and Bolivar streets, according to a police report, which also stated that he had watery eyes and slurred speech, and was unable to stand on his own.
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The 6-foot-4, 230-pound punter earned the starting job this season over sophomore Grant McKinniss, who was Kentucky’s starter in 2016.
McKinniss will punt in Panton’s place Saturday, Stoops said.
“He’s kicked it good in practice and he’s worked hard, and so I’m excited for him to get that opportunity,” Stoops said of McKinniss, who finished last overall in the Southeastern Conference in punting average last season at 39.2 yards per punt.
But there’s an unfortunate byproduct of Panton missing the game, too. It means that McKinniss is giving up his chance to redshirt this season.
Grant McKinniss, UK’s starting punter last season, will step in for the suspended Matt Panton on Saturday.
Charles Bertram cbertram@herald-leader.com
“With Matt’s actions, you know, Grant is the one that has to sacrifice because we could have saved his year and gave him a redshirt year,” Stoops said.
“But with the situation the way it is, he’s our best option. Every game is important, I talked to Grant about that, and he is willing to go do whatever is necessary to help the football team win. We appreciate Grant for his unselfishness in this situation.”
Related stories from Lexington Herald Leader
As for backups to the backup, Stoops mentioned that walk-on Miles Butler has been an option for UK on the road this season.
Panton graduated from Columbia in 2017 with a degree in psychology and is working on his master’s degree in business at UK’s Gatton College of Business and Economics.
He is eighth in the Southeastern Conference in average per punt at 42.75 and has 48 punts for the season. Panton has had 17 punts inside the 20-yard line, including three punts downed at the 1-yard line.
The senior recorded four punts on Saturday night against the Rebels, averaging 42 yards per punt, including one inside the 20-yard line.
Vanderbilt is ninth in the league this season in punt returns, averaging 8.42 per return on 12 attempts with no touchdowns.
Other news and notes
There weren’t many changes to Kentucky’s depth chart for the Vanderbilt game except the addition of an OR and the subtraction of another.
An “or” that previously was between wide receivers Kayaune Ross and Blake Bone was removed, with Ross in the No. 1 spot at the position.
An “or” was added at the cornerback spot that was awarded last week to junior-college transfer Lonnie Johnson over junior Chris Westry before the Ole Miss game.
There’s a close competition at that job each week, Stoops said.
“Like we always say, nothing will be given,” he said. “It’s earned every day. We live by that. In previous weeks, even though it didn’t say ‘or,’ Lonnie had played just as much if not more. It’s the same way this week.”
Stoops said Johnson, who was in on that final play that didn’t go UK’s way against the Rebels, was “very upset” after the loss.
“He’s a competitor,” the coach said. “The last one, the one for the touchdown sticks out. I can live with it because I felt the fight and saw him in position. He’s gotta finish it all the way to the ground. We’ll talk about that, but he was in great position. He was fighting for the ball. Sometimes you get put in tough positions at the cornerback spot.”
• Kentucky’s game at Georgia on Nov. 18 will be the CBS game played at 3:30 p.m. The Cats’ most recent game played in that coveted time slot was a 45-7 loss at Florida last season. In 2014, there was a 45-31 loss to Mississippi State and a 20-3 victory over Ohio University. | [
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] |
package denominator.model;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
import denominator.model.rdata.AData;
import static denominator.assertj.ModelAssertions.assertThat;
public class ResourceRecordSetTest {
@Rule
public final ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void canBuildARecordSetInLongForm() {
ResourceRecordSet<AData> record = ResourceRecordSet.<AData>builder()
.name("www.denominator.io.")
.type("A")
.ttl(3600)
.add(AData.create("192.0.2.1")).build();
assertThat(record)
.hasName("www.denominator.io.")
.hasType("A")
.hasTtl(3600)
.containsExactlyRecords(AData.create("192.0.2.1"));
}
@Test
public void testNullRdataNPE() {
thrown.expect(NullPointerException.class);
thrown.expectMessage("record");
ResourceRecordSet.<AData>builder().add(null);
}
@Test
public void testInvalidTTL() {
thrown.expect(IllegalArgumentException.class);
thrown.expectMessage("Invalid ttl");
ResourceRecordSet.<AData>builder()//
.name("www.denominator.io.")//
.type("A")//
.ttl(0xFFFFFFFF)//
.add(AData.create("192.0.2.1")).build();
}
}
| [
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] |
We are happy that you have joined this forum and we hope that you have a pleasant time in the forums!
If you have not read the rules and the forum policies, please look at this thread.
If you have seen the FAQ thread but you cannot find the FAQ itself, it's here!
It is important that you are also reminded that only one post is allowed per user in the Trading Center. In your thread, you can post what you are selling or buying.If you disregard any of the Trading Center rules, the Moderators will take the necessary action.It is also of heavy importance that you are informed that the intent of RMT or attempting to do RMT is disallowed in the forum, not just the Trading Center!
If you have any other questions about the game, please also find the 'FAQ -- Got questions? Ask here' thread in the Game Discussion and post it there. ( It is a sticky thread so you should be able to find it easily ) We want to avoid clutter at the Game Discussion as much as possible.
If you have any related questions on Events, there is another section of this forum which is dedicated to the discussion of Events in the 'Current Events [Public]' section. Find the current event that is going on and ask questions there if you have any!
Any other important stuff that is not emphasised here is emphasised at the Forum Policies thread.
Please also note that you need 25 posts to access the PM feature.
If you have any questions or clarifications on the forum rules, you can contact the Moderators or Administrators , themadmanazn or Crowex (Crowex is away for the time being) through Private Messaging (PM).
Thank you for reading this and once again, we hope that you have a great time in the forums! | [
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Enhancement of Pavlovian conditioned immunosuppression in rats.
The goal of this study was to define conditions under which conditioned immunosuppression may be observed reliably. In three experiments, rats were exposed to a gustatory conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with cyclophosphamide (US), which induces immunosuppression and malaise. In Experiment 1, a single pairing of the CS with low, medium, or high doses of cyclophosphamide in separate groups produced no reliable conditioned immunosuppression even though conditioned taste aversion was observed in groups trained with high and medium doses of CY. Experiment 2 replicated the lack of effect following a single pairing of the CS with the medium dose of cyclophosphamide but demonstrated that three pairings are sufficient to induce conditioned immunosuppression. Experiment 3 demonstrated that significant immunosuppression is observable following a single CS-US pairing if the CS is presented in compound with a previously nonreinforced CS during training, an effect reminiscent of supernormal conditioning. These findings indicate that conditioned immunosuppression effects can be enhanced in magnitude through the use of certain procedural techniques. | [
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Do you test your front-end manually? If you test it with some E2E tests, do you write the tests as your last step? Yes? this article is for you! 🙌
Are you a TDD developer? Don’t read it, you lose your time 😉
Cypress is known because of its E2E testing effectiveness. It has some limitations, obviously, but it’s clearly created to bring E2E testing to another level. In this post, I’d like to share how you could use Cypress as your main development browser, not only as a testing tool.
TDD developers are already practiced to leverage their testing tools as much as they can. If you do not apply a strict TDD approach, do not worry, this post is about productivity only. And if you do not test your front-end application because you “do not have time”, I hope to change your mind!
Let’s analyze how we, as front-end developers, usually work while developing the evergreen authentication form example:
we code the username input field
we try it manually through the browser
we eventually fix it
then, we code the password input field
we try it manually through the browser
then, we add the submit button
we code the AJAX request management
Please note that, at this point, we probably have already added some default values to the input fields to avoid filling them manually at every CTRL+S… Anyway:
we try the whole form through the browser, inspecting that the AJAX call has been made and that it sends the right payload to the server
since we need to check if error paths are managed correctly, we force the request-making function to return a static response containing an error (probably we are searching on StackOverflow how to simulate a wrong network response with Axios…)
we check that the app behaves as expected in the error cases
we slow down the network speed to check how an AJAX delay could affect the user experience
in the end, we re-check everything to be sure that the recent changes did not break the already-tested flows
I shortened the steps for the sake of this article because for every above step you probably need 5 to 20 changes + form fill etc. The smartest of us use some Chrome DevTools snippets to speed up the process, add some scripts to the source code to present the UI directly at the desired point (if the code of the view is well decoupled from the rest of the application). Some of us add a lot of conditions to prevent that some changes are effective even while the site goes online… Adding a lot of garbage code in the codebase…
If you already write E2E tests, skip the next chapter!
The power of a testing tool
If you are not a tester and if the above description matches the way you work… I have good news for you: a made-on-purpose testing tool like Cypress (or TestCafé, but please do not consider generic browser automation tools like Selenium or Puppeteer) simplifies every working step! Without making your source code dirty! Because
you do not need to hardcode input field default values, an automated browser interacts with the page at a blazing speed. Take a look at some tests of mines to understand what I mean with blazing
The speed of an automated browser
you do not need to simulate strange network behaviors because Cypress allows you to simulate them from a browser perspective, not from a code perspective. Your front-end app performs a standard AJAX call ignoring that Cypress is responding with what you specified (you can specify the response, the network status, a network delay, etc.)
Cypress controls a Chrome browser, you can leverage the DevTools you are already used to
you are already used to Cypress creates a dedicated and persisted Chrome user, so you can install your favorite Chrome extensions (like the React and Redux DevTools)
The React and Redux DevTools in action with Cypress (from the cypress-react-devtools repo)
you can add a lot of assertions to have an immediate green/red feedback. An assertion is a sort of English-based guard in the form of, for example: “I expect that the form passes the username and the password as the payload for the AJAX request”
you do not need to go back and forth testing manually both the latest implemented flow and the previous ones: once you have replicated a flow with a Cypress test, it’s here to stay. If you change the code accidentally breaking a previous flow, Cypress warns you!
if you heard that E2E tests are slow, read what UI Integration tests are
Do you already E2E test your front-end?
Kudos 👍 only one question: do you write the tests only when you’re sure that everything works correctly? That’s the point! When you write a test, you instrument your testing tool to repeat what you’ve done manually! The same, exact, actions:
filling a form
clicking buttons
asserting some elements exist or are visible
checking the AJAX request payload
Why do you do that? Because when you test manually you have more freedom! Because you can choose the flow you want to test, because you can leverage the browser extensions and the React/Vue.js etc. DevTools, because you can access the Chrome DevTools etc.
How I leverage Cypress as my main development browser
Take a look at the repository I prepared for the Working Software Conference. The fourth commit (before all the front-end related commits) is the following:
An outside-in acceptance E2E test
and, while coding the front-end “app” (it was a demo, a single-component app) I have never interacted manually with the front-end. I testes it manually only when I finished developing it. How?
first of all: open Cypress and place it in your second monitor
open a Chrome of yours with Cypress and check that the DevTools you need are installed
install the skip-and-only-ui plugin for Cypress, it helps you to run a single test, skip some tests, etc. directly from the Cypress UI
The cypress-skip-and-only plugin in action
install the watch-and-reload plugin for Cypress, you can configure it to re-launch the Cypress tests on every CTRL+S of your source file
write the first interaction in the Cypress test: speaking about the authentication form, the username input filling. If you are so good to be able to write the full test, kudos again!
start writing the source code of your front-end. The watch-and-reload plugin re-run the Cypress test without you leave the code editor
Please, stop on the last point: you hit CTRL+S and Cypress, without any manual interaction! And it’s faster and faster than you! Think about the amount of work it avoids you! Let’s continue:
as soon as everything works, write the next interaction in the Cypress test and code your app to make the test work
as soon as you need to check a different flow (AJAX 500 response, 401 response, 403 response, no network, etc.), duplicate the test and leverage the Cypress APIs to simulate it (like cy.route)
repeat the flow until you are done
Well done 😊 and please, share your feedback to help other developers make this productivity switch 💪
Summing up
The advantages of leveraging Cypress (and the plugin cited above)as your main development browser are:
you reduce manual, and slow, testing to the bare minimum saving you a lot of time
in the end, your app is automatically tested and the tests will remain forever
you avoid completely the “annoying” process of writing the test after you have coded your flow
you avoid adding temporary states and fake returns into your source code
Some more articles about the topic:
- Component vs (UI) Integration vs E2E tests
- Await, do not make your E2E tests sleep | [
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<template>
<div class="dropdown" v-click-outside="close">
<Button @click.native="toggle" v-bind="buttonProps">
<span>{{ title }}</span>
<IconArrowDropdown :direction="opened ? 'up' : 'down'"/>
</Button>
<Popup v-if="opened" position="bottom" v-bind="popupProps"><slot/></Popup>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Popup from "@/components/Popup";
import Button from "@/components/buttons/Button";
import IconArrowDropdown from "@/components/icons/IconArrowDropdown";
export default {
name: "Dropdown",
components: { IconArrowDropdown, Popup, Button },
props: {
title: { type: String, required: true },
buttonProps: Object,
popupProps: Object
},
data() {
return {
opened: false
};
},
methods: {
toggle() {
this.opened = !this.opened;
},
close() {
if (this.opened) this.opened = false;
}
}
};
</script>
<style scoped>
.dropdown {
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
}
.button > svg {
margin-bottom: 1px;
}
</style>
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from __future__ import unicode_literals
import json
from base64 import b64encode
from datetime import datetime
import time
from moto.core.responses import BaseResponse
from .models import ecr_backends, DEFAULT_REGISTRY_ID
class ECRResponse(BaseResponse):
@property
def ecr_backend(self):
return ecr_backends[self.region]
@property
def request_params(self):
try:
return json.loads(self.body)
except ValueError:
return {}
def _get_param(self, param):
return self.request_params.get(param, None)
def create_repository(self):
repository_name = self._get_param("repositoryName")
if repository_name is None:
repository_name = "default"
repository = self.ecr_backend.create_repository(repository_name)
return json.dumps({"repository": repository.response_object})
def describe_repositories(self):
describe_repositories_name = self._get_param("repositoryNames")
registry_id = self._get_param("registryId")
repositories = self.ecr_backend.describe_repositories(
repository_names=describe_repositories_name, registry_id=registry_id
)
return json.dumps({"repositories": repositories, "failures": []})
def delete_repository(self):
repository_str = self._get_param("repositoryName")
registry_id = self._get_param("registryId")
repository = self.ecr_backend.delete_repository(repository_str, registry_id)
return json.dumps({"repository": repository.response_object})
def put_image(self):
repository_str = self._get_param("repositoryName")
image_manifest = self._get_param("imageManifest")
image_tag = self._get_param("imageTag")
image = self.ecr_backend.put_image(repository_str, image_manifest, image_tag)
return json.dumps({"image": image.response_object})
def list_images(self):
repository_str = self._get_param("repositoryName")
registry_id = self._get_param("registryId")
images = self.ecr_backend.list_images(repository_str, registry_id)
return json.dumps(
{"imageIds": [image.response_list_object for image in images]}
)
def describe_images(self):
repository_str = self._get_param("repositoryName")
registry_id = self._get_param("registryId")
image_ids = self._get_param("imageIds")
images = self.ecr_backend.describe_images(
repository_str, registry_id, image_ids
)
return json.dumps(
{"imageDetails": [image.response_describe_object for image in images]}
)
def batch_check_layer_availability(self):
if self.is_not_dryrun("BatchCheckLayerAvailability"):
raise NotImplementedError(
"ECR.batch_check_layer_availability is not yet implemented"
)
def batch_delete_image(self):
repository_str = self._get_param("repositoryName")
registry_id = self._get_param("registryId")
image_ids = self._get_param("imageIds")
response = self.ecr_backend.batch_delete_image(
repository_str, registry_id, image_ids
)
return json.dumps(response)
def batch_get_image(self):
repository_str = self._get_param("repositoryName")
registry_id = self._get_param("registryId")
image_ids = self._get_param("imageIds")
accepted_media_types = self._get_param("acceptedMediaTypes")
response = self.ecr_backend.batch_get_image(
repository_str, registry_id, image_ids, accepted_media_types
)
return json.dumps(response)
def can_paginate(self):
if self.is_not_dryrun("CanPaginate"):
raise NotImplementedError("ECR.can_paginate is not yet implemented")
def complete_layer_upload(self):
if self.is_not_dryrun("CompleteLayerUpload"):
raise NotImplementedError(
"ECR.complete_layer_upload is not yet implemented"
)
def delete_repository_policy(self):
if self.is_not_dryrun("DeleteRepositoryPolicy"):
raise NotImplementedError(
"ECR.delete_repository_policy is not yet implemented"
)
def generate_presigned_url(self):
if self.is_not_dryrun("GeneratePresignedUrl"):
raise NotImplementedError(
"ECR.generate_presigned_url is not yet implemented"
)
def get_authorization_token(self):
registry_ids = self._get_param("registryIds")
if not registry_ids:
registry_ids = [DEFAULT_REGISTRY_ID]
auth_data = []
for registry_id in registry_ids:
password = "{}-auth-token".format(registry_id)
auth_token = b64encode("AWS:{}".format(password).encode("ascii")).decode()
auth_data.append(
{
"authorizationToken": auth_token,
"expiresAt": time.mktime(datetime(2015, 1, 1).timetuple()),
"proxyEndpoint": "https://{}.dkr.ecr.{}.amazonaws.com".format(
registry_id, self.region
),
}
)
return json.dumps({"authorizationData": auth_data})
def get_download_url_for_layer(self):
if self.is_not_dryrun("GetDownloadUrlForLayer"):
raise NotImplementedError(
"ECR.get_download_url_for_layer is not yet implemented"
)
def get_paginator(self):
if self.is_not_dryrun("GetPaginator"):
raise NotImplementedError("ECR.get_paginator is not yet implemented")
def get_repository_policy(self):
if self.is_not_dryrun("GetRepositoryPolicy"):
raise NotImplementedError(
"ECR.get_repository_policy is not yet implemented"
)
def get_waiter(self):
if self.is_not_dryrun("GetWaiter"):
raise NotImplementedError("ECR.get_waiter is not yet implemented")
def initiate_layer_upload(self):
if self.is_not_dryrun("InitiateLayerUpload"):
raise NotImplementedError(
"ECR.initiate_layer_upload is not yet implemented"
)
def set_repository_policy(self):
if self.is_not_dryrun("SetRepositoryPolicy"):
raise NotImplementedError(
"ECR.set_repository_policy is not yet implemented"
)
def upload_layer_part(self):
if self.is_not_dryrun("UploadLayerPart"):
raise NotImplementedError("ECR.upload_layer_part is not yet implemented")
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Nikki is a veteran educator, librarian, Instructional Technology Facilitator and ISTE Librarians Community President Elect. Don’t be afraid at hand out assignments inside and out of doors of the classroom. Have certain students answerable for obligations in the classroom and assign everyone homework and initiatives on a consistent basis. That is going to help your students study to handle their time and come to class ready. It is your job to examine them over and make sure who has completed the assignments and who hasn’t. Maintain college students accountable for their actions, and they’ll begin to be taught to listen. Assistive Technology EQUIPS and EMPOWERS students for fulfillment and INDEPENDENCE.
This week I used to be in a highschool Learning Heart Support classroom and observed a student studying from his private Kindle Hearth. The LC trainer mentioned to me that the student preferred reading on the Kindle machine. In 2015, BVSD joined three,one hundred different school districts in signing the Future Prepared District Pledge , a program by means of the U.S. Division of Training’s ConnectED initiative. This pledge commits district leaders to fostering and main a tradition of digital learning. A goal final result of this pledge is to assist faculties and families transition to anytime, wherever studying.
The life and times of the Chief Dental Editor of Dental Products Report magazine and dentistry’s “Technology Evangelist”. Observe my thoughts and travels as I apply, write, lecture, tinker, and experiment with technology and technology in dentistry. Students communicate clearly and express themselves creatively for quite a lot of purposes using the platforms, instruments, kinds, formats and digital media appropriate to their targets. My weblog will share artistic ideas to lift standards throughout the curriculum utilizing technology. Mr P gives inset, keynotes and training to colleges internationally on the lookout for modern ideas to interact, inspire and remodel learning. Coaching is delivered by an actual trainer with actual ideas for using tech to enhance studying across the curriculum. For more info please e mail @.
The LMS goals to offer probably the most comprehensive content library accessible through a single signal-on, end-to-finish educating and learning platform that connects us all. Mikael :Initially by attending the official BizTalk course, then by working with talented people like and studying blogposts, however most importantly: through a continuing strive for knowledge. My essential drive is at all times that I want to know more. To turn into good at it I think I spent about a 12 months to 18 months.
TechJuice is a Pakistani Based Technology and Gadget review blog. This blog is probably the most search blog after and Techjuice is a very good site for those Pakistanis who need to replace itself about technology and mobile devices. To do that simply click on ‘Add Journey’, allow entry to your webcam and microphone, report your video and then add steps and links to media you want your students to explore. Then I clarify why. Technology is strongest when it changes a easy habit – on this case, staying with locals instead of a resort room when touring because of the belief created by way of their platform – and over time drives larger international change. The hardest part about this is to make the change drive a collective good, as a substitute of a personal good ( a digital vice , in effect). I am sure that Airbnb is doing this, and you’ll feel it with each experience.
About me
Marry William j
Writer / Journalist
We will always have STEM with us. Some things will drop out of the public eye and will go away, but there will always be science, engineering, and technology. And there will always, always be mathematics. Katherine Johnson | [
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] |
This volume decentres the view of urbanisation in India from large agglomerations towards smaller urban settlements. It presents the outcomes of original research conducted over three years on subaltern processes of urbanization. The volume is organised in four sections. A first one deals with urbanisation dynamics and systems of cities with chapters on the new census towns, demographic and economic trajectories of cities and employment transformation. The interrelations of land transformation, social and cultural changes form the topic of the “land, society, belonging” section based on ethnographic work in various parts of India (Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh and Tamil Nadu). A third section focuses on public policies, governance and urban services with a set of macro-analysis based papers and specific case studies. Understanding the nature of production and innovation in non-metropolitan contexts closes this volume. Finally, though focused on India, this research raises larger questions with regard to the study of urbanisation and development worldwide.
Marie-Hélène Zérah is Research Fellow, CESSMA, Institute of Research for Development, Paris and she is a Senior Researcher with the Institute of Research for Development (Paris) seconded to the Centre of Policy Research (New Delhi). From 2009 to 2013, she headed the urban dynamics research team at the Centre de Sciences Humaines, New Delhi where she led the SUBURBIN research project with Eric Denis. Previous to this interest on small towns she has worked in the area of urban infrastructure, urban governance and urban democracy in Indian cities. She has published extensively on these topics in international journals and edited volumes and in her book on Water: Unreliable Supply in Delhi (2000, Manohar Publishers and 1999, Economica for its French version). She has co-edited a volume published by the UNESCO on the Right to the City in India (2011, with Dupont and Tawa Lama-Rewal). She is part of Geoforum’s editorial board and is Series Editor of the Springer collection: Exploring Urban Change in South Asia. She has also been involved in projects and consultancies for a number of organisations, including the European Union, the Water and Sanitation Programme and the Suez group.
Eric Denis, Senior Research Fellow from French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), he is currently based at the Géographie-cités Lab., Université Paris 1 – Panthéon-Sorbonne. He holds a Ph.D. in urban and economic geography from the University of Caen in France (1993) and a Habilitation from the Sorbonne (2014). After ten years posted in Cairo (Egypt), he has been, from 2009 to 2013 in charge of the social sciences department at the Institut Français de Pondichéry (India) where he led a research project on India's small cities and development beyond the metropolis (SUBURBIN, Subaltern Urbanisation in India www.suburbin.hypotheses.org) with Marie-Hélène Zérah. He is the author of about fifty papers and books on social geography and urban studies and the editor of several volumes, including Popular Housing and Urban Land Tenure in the Middle East (2012, AUC Press, with Ababsa & Dupret), Villes et urbanisation des provinces égyptiennes (2007) and the Atlas of Cairo (2000). He has beeninvolved in several applied research programmes on urban questions, land access and security of tenure. He contributed to the e-Geopolis programme measuring world urbanisation, supported by the Agence Française de Développement and the World Bank. | [
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] |
House of Representatives Committees
Completed Inquiry: Redevelopment of the Army Aviation Centre Oakey,
Queensland
The Committee tabled its report, Redevelopment of the Army Aviation Centre
Oakey, Queensland on 20 September 2001. A copy of the individual
chapters are available in PDF format or a copy of the full report in hard
copy from the Committee Secretariat.
(To view or print the PDF documents, you will require the Acrobat PDF Reader®
version 4.0 which can be downloaded free of charge from Adobe®.) | [
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] |
Small Dog Trade-In Program
At Small Dog Electronics, we know that technology moves fast sometimes faster than you'd like. If you would like to upgrade your equipment, we want to encourage you to recycle what you have. That's why we created the Small Dog Trade-In Program.
Pick your device below to get started!
Mac Trade-In Program
Click the image above to fill the form out online. Or, stop by one of our retail stores and we'll be happy to help you with the trade-in process!
iPad/iPod Trade-In Program
Click the image above to fill the form out online. Or, stop by one of our retail stores and we'll be happy to help you with the trade-in process!
The Fine Print
To be eligible for our trade in program, devices must be in good working condition and include charging accessories. Devices with damage beyond average/expected wear and tear such as dents, cracked glass or excessive scratches will not be accepted. Trade in values provided online are estimates. Final assessed value is determined by a member of the service team after performing visual inspections and Apple diagnostics. Small Dog Electronics does not accept devices deemed obsolete or vintage by Apple. Small Dog Electronics provides store credit only for trade ins and does not pay cash for any device.
We can apply trade in credits directly to a new purchase or simply provide you with a Small Dog gift card for the trade in value.
No appointment needed
We do not require that customers set up a service appointment for trade in evaluation, we do provide this as a walk in drop off service. Evaluations typically take 1-3 business days. | [
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] |
Klopce, Slovenska Bistrica
Klopce () is a settlement in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. It lies north of the A1 motorway from Ljubljana to Maribor, immediately northeast of Slovenska Bistrica on the regional road towards Zgornja Polskava. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.
References
External links
Klopce at Geopedia
Category:Populated places in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica | [
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] |
Tiffanie Delune
Emotional style.
Tiffanie Delune’s mixed media paintings are refreshingly authentic and unique. Drawing on her cultural heritage and experiences, Delune’s canvases continuously flow. A French artist with Belgo-Congolese ancestry explains a lot about how Delune has come to develop such an individual style that resonates with us on many contradictory levels.
Exuberant playfulness and movement, the works have a vitality drawn from African textiles and colour. This is choreographed through Parisian style and controlled with Belgium architectural lines and order, holding the pieces together.
Inspired by Matisse’s cutouts with final images that somehow speak more to Henri Rousseau, Delune also throws in stylised lines and patterns like a chilled out Bridget Riley. Her work is primitive and fashionable at the same time; naive yet intensely thought out and executed.
Duality marks every one of Delune’s works which makes them a complete pleasure to be around. Fear and courage, layering and flatness, bright but sometimes feeling very dark, Delune harnesses her deepest inner emotions and often turbulent memories, controlling and expressing them through colour, shape and line.
Tiffanie Delune visually answers the question as to why diversity of experience and culture is so important and rewarding, and with the present hostile political climate saturating everything, her work is gloriously reassuring. | [
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] |
package dpf.sp.gpinf.carving;
import dpf.sp.gpinf.carver.api.CarverType;
import dpf.sp.gpinf.carver.api.Hit;
import dpf.sp.gpinf.carver.api.InvalidCarvedObjectException;
import iped3.IItem;
import javax.script.Invocable;
import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
import javax.script.ScriptEngineManager;
import javax.script.ScriptException;
import java.io.*;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
public class JSCarver extends DefaultCarver {
ScriptEngine engine;
Invocable inv;
// inicializa um default carver com script
public JSCarver(File scriptFile)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException, FileNotFoundException, IOException, ScriptException {
ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager();
String ext = scriptFile.getName().substring(scriptFile.getName().lastIndexOf('.') + 1); // $NON-NLS-1$
this.engine = manager.getEngineByExtension(ext); // $NON-NLS-1$
try (InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(scriptFile), "UTF-8")) {
engine.eval(reader);
}
this.inv = (Invocable) engine;
}
@Override
public long getLengthFromHit(IItem parentEvidence, Hit header) throws IOException {
try {
Double l = (Double) inv.invokeFunction("getLengthFromHeader", parentEvidence, header);
return l.longValue();
} catch (ScriptException e) {
throw new IOException(e);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
return super.getDefaultLengthFromHeader(parentEvidence, header); // se o método não for implementado assume
// o comportamento padrão
} catch (Exception e) {
// caso uma exceção ocorra dentro do script
throw new IOException(e);
}
}
@Override
public Object validateCarvedObject(IItem parentEvidence, Hit header, long length)
throws InvalidCarvedObjectException {
try {
Certificate cert = (Certificate) inv.invokeFunction("validateCarvedObject", parentEvidence, header, length);
return cert;
} catch (ScriptException e) {
throw new InvalidCarvedObjectException(e);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
return super.validateCarvedObject(parentEvidence, header, length); // se o método de validação não for
// implementado considera o objeto
// válido
}
}
@Override
public IItem carveFromHeader(IItem parentEvidence, Hit header) throws IOException {
try {
IItem e = (IItem) inv.invokeFunction("carveFromHeader", parentEvidence, header);
return e;
} catch (ScriptException e) {
throw new IOException(e);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
return super.carveFromHeader(parentEvidence, header); // se o método de validação não for implementado
// considera o objeto válido
}
}
@Override
public IItem carveFromFooter(IItem parentEvidence, Hit footer) throws IOException {
try {
IItem e = (IItem) inv.invokeFunction("carveFromFooter", parentEvidence, footer);
return e;
} catch (ScriptException e) {
throw new IOException(e);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
return super.carveFromFooter(parentEvidence, footer);
}
}
@Override
public CarverType[] getCarverTypes() {
try {
CarverType[] cts = (CarverType[]) inv.invokeFunction("getCarverTypes");
return cts;
} catch (ScriptException e) {
return null;
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
return super.getCarverTypes();
}
}
@Override
public void notifyHit(IItem parentEvidence, Hit hit) throws IOException {
try {
inv.invokeFunction("notifyHit", parentEvidence, hit);
} catch (ScriptException e) {
throw new IOException(e);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
super.notifyHit(parentEvidence, hit);
}
}
@Override
public void notifyEnd(IItem parentEvidence) throws IOException {
try {
inv.invokeFunction("notifyEnd", parentEvidence);
} catch (ScriptException e) {
throw new IOException(e);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
super.notifyEnd(parentEvidence);
}
}
}
| [
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**What was known?**
The Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS Nd:YAG) laser has a significant effect in treating nevus of Ota, but there is lack of a retrospective study about the characteristics of efficacy.
Learning Points {#sec1-1}
===============
The 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser is effective with rare complications and recurrence in the treatment of nevus of OtaThe efficacy and prognosis can be estimated before treatment.
Introduction {#sec1-2}
============
Nevus of Ota is a benign dermal melanocytic nevus that commonly affects the Asians.\[[@ref1]\] Clinically, it is presented as a blue or brownish black macule along the distribution of the first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve, involving the sclera.\[[@ref2][@ref3][@ref4]\] In the last 20 years, Q-switched (QS) lasers have been used effectively in the treatment of nevus of Ota, with minimal complications and adverse effects. There are three kinds of QS lasers, including QS ruby laser, QS alexandrite laser (QSAL), and QS neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS Nd:YAG) laser, all of which are based on the principles of selective photothermolysis.\[[@ref5][@ref6]\] A retrospective study of the complications of QS Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of nevus of Ota has been reported, and a retrospective study of QSAL in treating nevus of Ota has been performed, too.\[[@ref3][@ref7]\] However, there is lack of a long-term retrospective study about the efficacy and influencing factor, as well as the recurrence. Herein, we performed a retrospective study on 171 patients that treated with QS Nd:YAG laser, to analyze the efficacy of patients and provide a basis on the estimate of prognosis before treatment.
Materials and Methods {#sec1-3}
=====================
{#sec2-1}
### Subjects and setting {#sec3-1}
One hundred and seventy-one nevus of Ota patients ranging in age from 2 to 55 years were treated with QS Nd:YAG laser. All cases were treated at the laser center of the Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, from 1997 to 2008. All of our patients are the skin Type III according to the Fitzpatrick skin types. A QS Nd:YAG laser ray with a wavelength of 1064 nm, spot size of 2--4 mm, and pulse duration of 10 ns was used. Most of the time we used the 4 mm spot size, and we used 2 mm spot size in some special conditions, such as the lesions in the edge of eyelid and nostrils edge. Patients were treated with fluence between 4 and 8 J/cm^2^ and a spot size of 2--4 mm with 1--12 sessions. The interval between treatment sessions was 3--9 months. Clinical response was defined as immediate whitening without purpura. Patients were advised to avoid exposure to the sun for at least 6 months after the treatment. In all cases, lidocaine cream was applied to the lesion 1 h before treatment and ice compress for 1 h after the treatment. Clinical photographs were taken before and after each session, and the complications and recurrences were recorded.
The degree of the efficacy of the QS Nd:YAG laser was established on visual inspection of the photographs according to the percentage of pigmentary clearing, which is divided into five grades as follows:
Minimal improvement (\<25%)Moderate improvement (26--50%)Marked improvement (51--75%)Significant improvement (76--99%)Complete clearing (100%).
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software. The relationship between lesion color and efficacy was determined by using Chi-square test. *P* \< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results {#sec1-4}
=======
{#sec2-2}
### Clinical features {#sec3-2}
Demographic data of the patients of the study are listed in [Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}. Females were more likely affected nevus of Ota than males (144 female: 27 male, female:male = 5.33:1). More than half of the patients were affected at birth (57.3%), and 94.7% affected before 20-year-old. According to the Tanino classification described previous,\[[@ref3]\] the majority of patients were Type I (50.3%) and Type II (46.2%). Demographic data of the lesion color showed that the predominant color was blue-black (66.1%), followed by brown (23.4), and light-brown (10.5) \[[Table 2](#T2){ref-type="table"}\].
######
Demographic data (*n*=171)
![](IJD-61-347d-g001)
######
Demographic data of the lesion color
![](IJD-61-347d-g002)
### Laser therapy effect {#sec3-3}
One hundred and forty-five patients (84.8%) acquired more than 75% improvement with an average of 4.6 sessions \[[Table 3](#T3){ref-type="table"}\]. The treatment effect has no significant correlation with sex (*P* \> 0.05) \[[Table 4](#T4){ref-type="table"}\]. The lesions of blue-black and brown improved more than the light-brown (*P* \< 0.05), and no significant difference the color between blue-black and brown (*P* \> 0.05) \[[Table 4](#T4){ref-type="table"}\]. These data suggested that the laser therapy effect would be influenced depending on the different lesion color.
######
The degree of clearing
![](IJD-61-347d-g003)
######
The correlation between sex/lesion color and effect
![](IJD-61-347d-g004)
### Complications {#sec3-4}
Hyperpigmentation affected two (1.2%) of the patients and hypopigmentation affected one patient (0.6%). No other adverse effect was observed, such as persistent erythema and scarring.
### Recurrence {#sec3-5}
Two patients (1.2%) who had been completely cleared developed recurrence at the same site as before. The time of recurrence are 4 and 10 years, respectively, for these two patients.
Discussion {#sec1-5}
==========
Nevus of Ota is a congenital or acquired pigmentary disorder of unclear etiology.\[[@ref8][@ref9]\] Nevus of Ota occurs more commonly in Asians, and affects females predominantly, inducing serious cosmetic, and psychological implications.\[[@ref8][@ref10]\] All of the QS Nd:YAG (1064 nm), QS alexandrite (755 nm), and QS ruby (694 nm) lasers treated nevus of Ota successfully.\[[@ref3][@ref8]\] However, the correlation between the clinical characteristics and the efficacy by QS Nd:YAG has not been described clearly. Moreover, the recurrence condition of nevus of Ota is rarely described in the previous reports. In our study, we analyzed the efficacy and influence factors of 171 patients who were treated with QS Nd:YAG, revealing some characteristics of this disease.
Demographic data showed nevus of Ota affected females 5.33 times more than males, which is consistent with previous reports.\[[@ref2][@ref3][@ref11]\] More than half of the patients were affected at birth (57.3%), and 94.7% affected before 20-year-old. The cosmetic disfigurement is harmful to child and adolescent mental health. Therefore, early treatment was advised. Technically, the nevus of Ota should be treated with laser as soon as possible after diagnosed. However, with considering the pain tolerance and the risk of anesthesia in children, we usually advise the patients do the treatment after 3-year-old actually.
All of the four lesions types (Tanino classification) acquired good improvement, and 145 patients (84.8%) acquired more than 75% improvement with an average of 4.6 sessions \[[Table 3](#T3){ref-type="table"}\], which was superior to the effect reported by Chan *et al*.\[[@ref7]\] In our study, the treatment effect has no significant correlation with sex. The lesions colors of our patients were described as blue-black, brown, and light brown. The efficacy data showed the lesions of blue-black and brown improved more than the light-brown lesions, and no significant difference the color between blue-black and brown, which suggested that the therapy effect of Nd:YAG laser would be influenced depending on the different lesion color. In addition, it is interesting that the elimination of the forehead lesions was easier while lesions around the eyes harder by Nd:YAG laser in our study. Although the definite mechanism was not clear, the efficacy and prognosis of patients can be estimated before treatment based on our clinical experience.
Hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation were common complications seen after Nd:YAG treatment reported before, 7.6% and 2.9%, respectively.\[[@ref7]\] In our study, hyperpigmentation affected two (1.2%) of the patients and hypopigmentation affected one patient (0.6%). No other adverse effect was observed such as persistent erythema and scarring. These data were less than the previous report, which probably resulted from the lower fluence.
Recurrence is rare in nevus of Ota. The true recurrence rate means the patient these achieved complete clearance developed nevus of Ota again after a few years. In our study, the true recurrence rate is 1.2%, which is similar to previous reports (1.2%, 0.6%, and 0.8%).\[[@ref2][@ref3][@ref7]\] Sun exposure and pregnancy may be considered as the possible reason of recurrence.\[[@ref2]\] Both of the two patients in our study had no remarkable reason. Lesions usually occurred in the initial position in patients with recurrent, with smaller area compared the 1^st^ time. Therefore, it might be that patients do not need to worry about the recurrence.
Conclusion {#sec1-6}
==========
The treatment of nevus of Ota by QS Nd:YAG laser is safe and effective, with rare complications and low recurrence rate. The laser therapy effect would be influenced depending on the different lesion color, which is meaningful to estimate the prognosis.
{#sec2-3}
### Financial support and sponsorship {#sec3-6}
Nil.
### Conflicts of interest {#sec3-7}
There are no conflicts of interest.
**What is new?**
The 1064-nm QS Nd:YAG laser is effective with rare complications and recurrence in the treatment of nevus of Ota. The efficacy correlated with lesion color, which is meaningful to estimate the prognosis. In addition, the forehead lesions were easier to be eliminated while lesions around the eyes were harder by Nd:YAG laser. Based on our study, the efficacy and prognosis of patients can be estimated before treatment.
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The purpose of this study is to characterize the metabolic and elimination profiles of generic and brand-name verapamil to improve product selection and dosase decisions and minimize adverse reactions in the elderly. | [
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] |
There was one super quick flip I saw this week at Sedo. h1z1revolution.com sold for $5,000. The kind of name that if you don’t know the story behind the name, people post things like, “what the ****?” or “fake sale” or “this business is rigged, $5000 for that?” It will also spur similar registrations.
H1Z1 is a free-to-play fast-paced battle royale shooter on PlayStation 4. The game is produced by Daybreak Game Company LLC, which has registered tm’s on H1Z1.
But someone back on January 15th of this year decided to risk $9 and came up a winner. It needs to be pointed out the seller got lucky, they decided to register a name that has tm risk. This is not an advisable way to build a portfolio, especially if you are new in domaining. But sometimes you get lucky. | [
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] |
## Git commands
### Configuring remotes
When a repository is cloned, it has a default remote called `origin` that points to your fork on GitHub, not the original repository it was forked from. To keep track of the original repository, you should add another remote named `upstream`:<br />
1. Get the path where you have your git repository on your machine. Go to that path in Terminal using cd. Alternatively, Right click on project in Github Desktop and hit ‘Open in Terminal’.<br />
2. Run `git remote -v` to check the status of current remotes, you should see something like the following:<br />
> origin https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/susi_iOS.git(fetch)<br />
> origin https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/susi_iOS.git(push)<br />
3. Set the remote of orignal repository as `upstream`:<br />
`git remote add upstream https://github.com/fossasia/susi_iOS.git`<br />
4. Run `git remote -v` again to check the status of current remotes, you should see something like the following:<br />
> origin https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/susi_iOS.git (fetch)<br />
> origin https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/susi_iOS.git (push)<br />
> upstream https://github.com/fossasia/susi_iOS.git (fetch)<br />
> upstream https://github.com/fossasia/susi_iOS.git (push)<br />
5. To update your local copy with remote changes, run the following:<br />
`git fetch upstream master`<br />
`git rebase upstream/master`<br />
This will give you an exact copy of the current remote, make sure you don't have any local changes.<br />
6. Project set-up is complete.<br />
### Developing a feature
1. Make sure you are in the master branch `git checkout master`.<br />
2. Sync your copy `git pull --rebase upstream master`.<br />
3. Create a new branch with a meaningful name `git checkout -b branch_name`.<br />
4. Develop your feature on Xcode IDE and run it using the simulator or connecting your own iphone.<br />
5. Add the files you changed `git add file_name` (avoid using `git add .`).<br />
6. Commit your changes `git commit -m "Message briefly explaining the feature"`.<br />
7. Keep one commit per feature. If you forgot to add changes, you can edit the previous commit `git commit --amend`.<br />
8. Push to your repo `git push origin branch-name`.<br />
9. Go into [the Github repo](https://github.com/fossasia/susi_iOS) and create a pull request explaining your changes.<br />
10. If you are requested to make changes, edit your commit using `git commit --amend`, push again and the pull request will edit automatically.<br />
11. If you have more than one commit try squashing them into single commit by following command:<br />
`git rebase -i HEAD~n `(having n number of commits).<br />
12. Once you've run a git rebase -i command, text editor will open with a file that lists all the commits in current branch, and in front of each commit is the word "pick". For every line except the first, replace the word "pick" with the word "squash".<br />
13. Save and close the file, and a moment later a new file should pop up in editor, combining all the commit messages of all the commits. Reword this commit message into meaningful one briefly explaining all the features, and then save and close that file as well. This commit message will be the commit message for the one, big commit that you are squashing all of your larger commits into. Once you've saved and closed that file, your commits of current branch have been squashed together.<br />
14. Force push to update your pull request with command `git push origin branchname --force`.<br/>
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Sign up to FREE email alerts from Mirror - celebs Subscribe Thank you for subscribing We have more newsletters Show me See our privacy notice Invalid Email
The UK’s Eurovision entry has been accused of being a rip-off of the 1980s Birds Eye Potato Waffles adverts.
Fans have pointed to the similarity between Electro Velvet’s Still In Love With You and the commercial, which featured the lyrics: “Birds Eye Potato Waffles, they’re waffley versatile.”
Caine Jenkins tweeted: “UK appear to have entered the waffle advert for Eurovision. I hope they use the Um Bongo one next year.”
And Birds Eye UK got in on the act by posting on its Twitter feed a link to a fan’s mash-up video of the ad and Electro Velvet’s song.
Video Loading Video Unavailable Click to play Tap to play The video will start in 8 Cancel Play now
David Mindel wrote the entry and has also worked on advertising jingles.
A BBC source denied he was “responsible for the waffle ad and nor did he copy or be inspired by it”.
The source insisted the “notes, melody and words in our song” were “completely different from the waffle ad”.
Electro Velvet singer Alex Larke has previously defended the song after a public backlash.
Video Loading Video Unavailable Click to play Tap to play The video will start in 8 Cancel Play now
“I like the fact it divides opinion. It’s better than everyone having apathy for it.”
Bianca Nicholas, who shares the vocals, added: “There’s a lot of ballads this year, so our song will stand out.”
Larke described it as a “Marmite song” , while Nicholas pointed out that “a party song” was “really fitting” as Eurovision celebrates its 60th anniversary.
The BBC said: “We are thrilled that Alex and Bianca will be representing the UK in this year’s competition.
Our song for this special anniversary year has an up-tempo beat and an irresistibly catchy hook that is sure to get the party started in Vienna.”
Hear an Electro Velvet /Potato Waffles mash up below | [
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Top Blog Partners
Is this summer the wrong time for Arsenal to sell Kieran Gibbs?
Arsenal’s Kieran Gibbs is being targeted for a move this summer, but could he still play a role for us this coming season?
The England international has played a bit-part role in our first-team squad in recent seasons, and is being eyed by Newcastle, who are supposedly willing to pay £15 Million for his signature this summer.
Our club already has a ready-made replacement joining once the transfer window opens, having agreed a pre-contract agreement with Saed Kolasinac of Schalke. The left-back was one of, if not the, best left-backs in the Bundesliga this term, and it looks to have been some shrewd business to have landed him on a free transfer.
He will be expected to come in for a first-team role this season, but it wouldn’t be the first time that a player has moved from abroad with a strong reputation, and failed to settle with the pace and strength of the Premier League.
Our club would of course not have to rely on him solely for the left-back or left wing-back role however, with Nacho Monreal believed to be staying put. Monreal has been impressing on the left of the back-three however, and could well find himself continuing as a makeshift centre-back, which would increase the need for options at wing-back.
Kieran Gibbs and Monreal have been fielded in the same starting XI in the new system, and the former has been impressing in his new role, and it seems a harsh realisation that we could now sell him, just as we appear to be getting his best out of him.
The problem stems from his contract however, with only one year remaining on his current deal, and to keep him, we would most likely have to strike new terms, whilst guaranteeing him a some level of first-team football, which may well leave us with no choice but to sell.
£15 Million for a player with only one year on his deal poses at a more than reasonable fee, but it does seem a shame to lose him as he is finally showing his ability.
Could we keep all three of Gibbs, Kolasinac and Monreal happy in the squad? Does Gibbs deserve to continue his run of form from the end of the season? Is £15 Million too much to turn down?
I don’t know why but I am getting a deep sense of foreboding about this summer.
I cannot for the life of me see top players arriving at Arsenal – not with Mr Economics Degree at the helm spending money like it was his own..
Arsenal have opened talks with Lyon for Alexandre Lacazette
Premier League side Arsenal have in recent hours opened discussions with Lyon over the possible transfer of striker Alexandre Lacazette, according to BeIN Sports.
This news comes minutes after it emerged that the Gunners have certainly been outbid by Real Madrid for AS Monaco forward Kylian Mbappé in terms of barebones figures at least, as revealed by RMC.
“Finally showing his ability”….??!
Please illustrate to all of us…when exactly did this happen.?
Gibbs has never been able to keep himself injury free during his time at Arsenal which is just as well because he has absolutely no idea how to defend.Somehow he has managed to continually extend his contracts and now takes home something in the region of £60,000 a week.
If Newcastle,West Bromwich or even Brighton want him and are prepared to pay £15m and take his wages off Arsenal’s payroll then the Board should bite their hands off.
I dont see how any of the players you named have anything to do with Gibbs. None of them play LW/LWB/LCB. Kolasinac is supposed to be coming in inevitably and that makes Gibbs surplus. Ox, Monreal, and Kolasinac can all do a better job than him.
And Gibbs is 27, even tho he looks younger. And he has never excelled for us. Gibbs is a nice, loyal guy, but an average player and will never push the rest of the squad for a starting spot. If we can get 15mill for him. we’d be crazy not to let him go. And Monreal had a pretty good season compared to the rest of our squad, he was not only good at the end.
A wonderful bloke and one with clearly good character who has never really fulfilled his early potential. It would be sad if he left, having served us for years, but the truth is: he hasn’t improved for sometime now. | [
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Lesley Held its 2014 Commencement on Saturday, May 17 at the Blue Hills Bank Pavillion
Lesley University celebrated the class of 2014, and welcomed the newest members of the alumni community.
Undergraduate Ceremony
During the afternoon ceremony, Lesley honored its undergraduate students, who were addressed by the following honorary degree recipients:
National Book Award-winning poet Nikky Finney has garnered wide acclaim for her writing about African-Americans living in the south.
Cuban-born photographer Abelardo Morell is a former Guggenheim fellow and won the International Center of Photography 2011 Infinity Award in Art, among many honors.
Graduate Ceremony
During the morning ceremony, Lesley honored its graduate students, who were addressed by the following honorary degree recipients:
“The Giver” author Lois Lowry has twice won the Newbury Medal, among many awards for her contributions to children’s literature.
Priya Manickchand is Guyana’s minister of education, and the former minister of human services and social security.
About the Speakers
Nikky Finney is an award-winning American. Her fourth book of poems, “Head Off & Split,” won the prestigious 2011 National Book Award for Poetry. Her many honors include a Kentucky Arts Council fellowship, the PEN Beyond the Margins Award, the PEN American Open Book Award, the Kentucky Foundation for Women’s Artist Fellowship Award, the Hall of Fame for Writers of African Descent, and the Benjamin Franklin Award from the Independent Booksellers Association. Celebrated as a champion for African-American writers, Finney grew up in South Carolina during the turbulent period of school desegregation, and her writing has been profoundly influenced by her parents, who were activists during the Civil Rights era, and by a deep connection to the land. Finney compiled and edited a volume of poetry in 2007 showcasing the works of 100 African-American poets, called “The Ringing Ear: Black Poets Lean South.” Finney holds the John H. Bennett, Jr. Chair in Southern Letters and Creative Writing at the University of South Carolina, and served as Distinguished Writer in Residence at Lesley University in summer 2012.
Lois Lowry is a Newbury Medal-winning children’s author who has written more than 40 books, including “The Giver” and “Number the Stars,” and her works have been translated into 27 languages. Her deep desire to affect an eager generation of readers and address complex subjects was honored in 2007 by the American Library Association, which named Lowry the Margaret A. Edwards Award winner for her lifetime contribution to literature for young adults. Lowry got married and had four children before her 25th birthday, and she didn’t start writing professionally until she was in her mid-30s. She has since won major awards including the Newbury Medal twice, the Mark Twain Award, the Boston Globe-Horn Book Award, the National Jewish Book Award, and the Chicago Tribune Book Award. A movie adaptation of “The Giver,” starring Jeff Bridges and Meryl Streep, is set to hit theaters in August. Lowry has traveled around the world, speaking to children in Spain, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand and Australia about the importance of literature and imagination in their lives.
Priya Devi Manickchand is Guyana’s minister of education, and the former minister of human services and social security. She is a tireless champion for Guyana’s most vulnerable: children, women and the elderly. Before entering the political arena, Manickchand worked as an attorney and served on the Guyana Bar Association and the Guyana Association of Women Lawyers. In 2006, she became one of the youngest cabinet members in the world. As minister of human services and social security, she worked on and piloted through the Parliament major legislation to address the needs of children traumatized by sexual violence. She established the Childcare and Protection Agency, and passed a modern Sex Offenses Act that revolutionized the way sex offences are viewed and are to be treated in Guyana. In 2011, she was appointed minister of education. Manickchand was instrumental in building a special relationship between Guyana and Lesley University that resulted in the creation of a master’s program for Guyanese school counselors, probation officers and social workers to address domestic violence and child abuse. The first class of 13 students is graduating at 2014 Commencement.
Abelardo Morell was born in Havana, Cuba in 1948, and his family left in 1962 during the revolution and came to the United States, settling in New York. He is best known for his camera obscura images, an optical device that projects an image of the outside inside a room. His awards include the International Center of Photography 2011 Infinity award in Art, a Cintas grant, a Guggenheim fellowship, the Rappaport Prize, and an Alturas Foundation grant in 2009 to photograph the landscape of West Texas. Last year, the Art Institute of Chicago, The Getty Museum, and The High Museum in Atlanta jointly organized a retrospective exhibition of Morell’s work that is now traveling to these institutions through May 2014. He has been published widely and his work has been collected and shown in museums and galleries around the world. A documentary titled “Shadow of the House” chronicles Morell’s career and his return to Cuba for the first time in 2010. He is a professor emeritus at the Massachusetts College of Art and Design. | [
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news WILLMAR -- City Planning and Development Services Director Bruce Peterson disputes the 2010 U.S. Census preliminary population count for the city of Willmar.
Willmar, 56201
Willmar Minnesota 2208 Trott Ave. SW / P.O. Box 839 56201
2012-11-30 12:15:51
WILLMAR -- City Planning and Development Services Director Bruce Peterson disputes the 2010 U.S. Census preliminary population count for the city of Willmar. The census said Willmar's population grew by 6.9 percent from 18,351 in 2000 to 19,610 in 2010. | [
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On the Job: Meet Oculus' team builder
July 15, 2014
Updated 8:29 p.m.
1 of 2
As Oculus' director of talent, Dolly Singh went on to hire the hardware and software whizzes that made the Irvine-based virtual reality company so irresistible that Facebook snapped it up for $2 billion. COURTESY OF DOLLY SINGH
As Oculus' director of talent, Dolly Singh went on to hire the hardware and software whizzes that made the Irvine-based virtual reality company so irresistible that Facebook snapped it up for $2 billion. COURTESY OF DOLLY SINGH
Dolly Singh says she might not be good at a lot of things, but she does one thing really well: build “kick-ass teams.”
The 35-year-old tech industry recruiter extraordinaire hooked up with Oculus VR a year ago when it was still a wet-behind-the-ears startup. As Oculus’ director of talent, she went on to hire the hardware and software whizzes that made the Irvine-based virtual reality company so irresistible that Facebook snapped it up for $2 billion.
Since March, when that deal was announced, Singh has continued recruiting a who’s who of virtual reality and game industry talent to the company from the likes of Microsoft, Google, Valve, EA and MIT Media Lab.
Before that, the Los Angeles resident and UCLA grad spent five years recruiting the rocket scientists – yes, she literally hired rocket scientists – for SpaceX and its notoriously particular co-founder, Elon Musk. Hawthorne-based SpaceX is the first private concern to successfully build, launch and retrieve a spacecraft.
Singh thinks of herself as a professional matchmaker. Social media such as LinkedIn and Web-based tools may have replaced the old methods recruiters used to identify and court the best prospects for their clients’ job openings. But the fundamentals are the same.
“It’s having a good ability to read people,” Singh explained in a phone interview.
Before Oculus and SpaceX became famous, filling jobs meant coaxing people to give the companies a try.
“There’s a period of time when you’re selling and trying to do the convincing, and that inevitably shifts, and people come to you,” she says.
In Oculus’ early days, a certain subset of job seekers wanted to work for the company specifically because it was an underdog, she says. Now it’s different. “If the company is doing something amazing, you’ll always have people who want to work there.”
Even when top people in their fields line up to work for you, though, getting them to commit isn’t easy. “When you’re dealing with the best of the best, they always have options. So even if they come to you, getting to that close (of a hiring deal) is a remarkably challenging thing to do,” she says.
These days, you don’t have to be the crème de la crème to get hired in what Singh describes as a “super-hot” tech industry job market. “The demand for recruiters is higher than I’ve ever seen it, and that’s usually a good leading indicator,” she says.
If you’re talented, you’re always going to have a job. The trick, she says, is choosing what opportunities to go after based on what you want. Some people want to get in on the ground floor of a fast-growth startup, get their equity and get out, moving every three years. Others value working for a company in an established industry with talented people.
“I try to coach candidates on making choices based on their values, because at the end of the day, that’s what gets you out of bed,” she says.
Silicon Valley might get more exposure, but Southern California’s tech scene has plenty of opportunities, she says. Facebook’s deal for Oculus and Apple’s $3 billion acquisition of headphones and streaming music company Beats Electronics refocused job hunters’ interest on opportunities at computer hardware makers. Los Angeles and Orange County are perfectly situated to capitalize on that.
“We have the aerospace business, a backbone of manufacturing know-how and expertise in terms of really smart electrical engineers, and mechanical (engineering) guys,” she says.
She predicts only good things for Oculus’ future. The company has pre-sold approximately 45,000 second-generation developer kits, which are expected to start shipping any day. Developers will use the kit’s VR headset, camera and related gear to develop games and other software for the consumer Oculus Rift headset, which company officials have said will be available by the end of 2015.
“Once you experience the product, you see how many markets it could impact,” she says. “It’s the like the reinvention of the World Wide Web. That’s pretty bad ass.”
To get there, Oculus has beefed up to approximately 100 employees, including seven Ph.Ds. The company has 45 job openings listed on its website, including jobs for electrical and software engineers, hardware technicians, industrial designers, 3D artists, Web developers, and human resource staff.
Being part of the team that built it “was very fortunate for me, and I did some good work for them. I feel like I’ve built some amazing companies,” she says.
Singh is a full-time contractor for Oculus and, if the Facebook acquisition closes as planned, she will leave when her contract expires at the end of the year. After that, she plans to return to building her own startup, a manufacturer of high-tech high heels that are as comfortable as they are glamorous.
It’s a venture that Singh was set to launch in 2013 but put on hold when Oculus’ founders persuaded her to join them.
Singh didn’t need to look far for inspiration for the company, called STHIRA, a Sanskrit word that means “steady” and also “strong-minded woman.” She loves fashion, shoes especially, and says she wore heels even when she walked job candidates through SpaceX’s 550,000-square-foot factory.
From Musk, she learned to think about fundamentals first, and that if you aren’t innovating, your competitors will leave you in the dust. The shoe industry may introduce new styles and colors with the seasons, but the way women’s shoes are constructed hasn’t changed – and that’s her opening.
“My friend Amanda, who’s my chief technology officer, made a joke that if men in New York City had to wear high heels, you’d have seen a whole lot of innovation,” she says. “We think we can and should do better. You’ll never make a high heel that feels like a sneaker, but can you do better than what’s on the market today.”
Singh has already used her recruiting skills to assemble an advisory team that includes a NASA astronaut, SpaceX co-founder, and noted Los Angeles orthopedic surgeon.
“It’s the most remarkable group of people thinking about high heels in the history of ever,” she says.
Michelle V. Rafter writes about jobs and employment issues. Send questions about job hunting, careers or workplace issues to her at moneymatters@ocregister.com or find her on Twitter @MichelleRafter.
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Highlighting local small business owners in the Perth Western Suburbs
perthwesternsuburbs
It makes sense that most major cities were founded on a river. It held strategic importance, was a source of food and allowed easier transportation. In Perth it was no different and hence we have this North vs South thing going on. "Where do you live?" "South of the River" "Oh..."
So I was a South of the River boy growing up, quite liked it actually. But after marrying and starting a family, we started North, probably because my wife's family was there. Either way, its been the best move we made. North of the River holds the larger population, stones throw away from the best beaches and plenty of hospitality venues abound.
So this blog is dedicated to all the great cafes, restaurants, bars, shops, barbers and basically small business owners in the western suburbs of Perth.
Disclaimer: No payment or commission is asked of the owners for the review. I'm not a journalist getting paid a wage for this writing, I simply wish to promote the hard working owners of small business that probably spend more time working in the business than on the business.
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package com.github.czyzby.lml.vis.parser.impl.attribute;
import com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color;
import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.Actor;
import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.InputEvent;
import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.utils.ClickListener;
import com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.utils.Disableable;
import com.github.czyzby.lml.parser.LmlParser;
import com.github.czyzby.lml.parser.action.ActorConsumer;
import com.github.czyzby.lml.parser.tag.LmlAttribute;
import com.github.czyzby.lml.parser.tag.LmlTag;
import com.github.czyzby.lml.vis.parser.impl.attribute.picker.ColorPickerListenerLmlAttribute;
import com.github.czyzby.lml.vis.util.ColorPickerContainer;
import com.kotcrab.vis.ui.widget.color.ColorPicker;
import com.kotcrab.vis.ui.widget.color.ColorPickerListener;
/** Attaches a {@link ClickListener} that shows a {@link ColorPicker} dialog upon clicking, unless the actor is
* disabled. Initial picker's color will match the color of the clicked widget: this is especially useful if listener is
* attached to a simple image, label or text button actor. Expects an action ID that references a method which consumes
* a {@link Color}. When the dialog is closed, this method will be invoked with the chosen color instance - or the
* initial, old color value, if the dialog was cancelled. Only one color picker can be shown at a time, so make sure
* that multiple dialogs cannot be opened all at once. Mapped to "colorPicker".
*
* @author MJ
* @see ResponsiveColorPickerLmlAttribute */
public class ColorPickerLmlAttribute implements LmlAttribute<Actor> {
@Override
public Class<Actor> getHandledType() {
return Actor.class;
}
@Override
public void process(final LmlParser parser, final LmlTag tag, final Actor actor, final String rawAttributeData) {
final ActorConsumer<?, Color> listener = parser.parseAction(rawAttributeData, Color.WHITE);
if (listener == null) {
parser.throwErrorIfStrict(
"Color picker attribute needs a reference to an action that consumes a Color instance. No method found for ID: "
+ rawAttributeData);
return;
}
final ColorPickerListener colorPickerListener = getListener(listener);
actor.addListener(new ClickListener() {
@Override
public void clicked(final InputEvent event, final float x, final float y) {
if (actor instanceof Disableable && ((Disableable) actor).isDisabled()) {
return;
}
final ColorPicker colorPicker = ColorPickerContainer.requestInstance();
colorPicker.setListener(null);
colorPicker.setColor(actor.getColor());
colorPicker.setListener(colorPickerListener);
colorPicker.centerWindow();
actor.getStage().addActor(colorPicker.fadeIn());
}
});
}
/** @param listener consumes a color. Should be converted to a listener.
* @return a new instance of {@link ColorPickerListener} constructed with passed listener method. */
protected ColorPickerListener getListener(final ActorConsumer<?, Color> listener) {
return ColorPickerListenerLmlAttribute.prepareColorPickerListener(listener);
}
}
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] |
Oral 13-cis retinoic acid was effective in the treatment of skin cancer, and a variety of disorders of keratinization (lamellar ichthyosis, Darier's disease, pityriasis rubra pilaris), and cystic acne. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES: Peck, G.L. and Yoder, F.W.: Lamellar ichthyosis treatment of keratinizing and other dermatoses with an oral synthetic retinoid. Lancet II: 1172, 1976. Peck, G.L. and Yoder, F.W.: Treatment of disorders of keratinization with an oral stereo isomer of retinoic acid. In The Ichthyoses (R. Marks, editor) MTP Press, Ltd., Lancaster, England 1977 (in press). | [
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// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package pprof
import (
"context"
)
type label struct {
key string
value string
}
// LabelSet is a set of labels.
type LabelSet struct {
list []label
}
// labelContextKey is the type of contextKeys used for profiler labels.
type labelContextKey struct{}
func labelValue(ctx context.Context) labelMap {
labels, _ := ctx.Value(labelContextKey{}).(*labelMap)
if labels == nil {
return labelMap(nil)
}
return *labels
}
// labelMap is the representation of the label set held in the context type.
// This is an initial implementation, but it will be replaced with something
// that admits incremental immutable modification more efficiently.
type labelMap map[string]string
// WithLabels returns a new context.Context with the given labels added.
// A label overwrites a prior label with the same key.
func WithLabels(ctx context.Context, labels LabelSet) context.Context {
childLabels := make(labelMap)
parentLabels := labelValue(ctx)
// TODO(matloob): replace the map implementation with something
// more efficient so creating a child context WithLabels doesn't need
// to clone the map.
for k, v := range parentLabels {
childLabels[k] = v
}
for _, label := range labels.list {
childLabels[label.key] = label.value
}
return context.WithValue(ctx, labelContextKey{}, &childLabels)
}
// Labels takes an even number of strings representing key-value pairs
// and makes a LabelSet containing them.
// A label overwrites a prior label with the same key.
func Labels(args ...string) LabelSet {
if len(args)%2 != 0 {
panic("uneven number of arguments to pprof.Labels")
}
labels := LabelSet{}
for i := 0; i+1 < len(args); i += 2 {
labels.list = append(labels.list, label{key: args[i], value: args[i+1]})
}
return labels
}
// Label returns the value of the label with the given key on ctx, and a boolean indicating
// whether that label exists.
func Label(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, bool) {
ctxLabels := labelValue(ctx)
v, ok := ctxLabels[key]
return v, ok
}
// ForLabels invokes f with each label set on the context.
// The function f should return true to continue iteration or false to stop iteration early.
func ForLabels(ctx context.Context, f func(key, value string) bool) {
ctxLabels := labelValue(ctx)
for k, v := range ctxLabels {
if !f(k, v) {
break
}
}
}
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name: Migrate state incomplete test
type: module
description: Tests the 'incomplete' migrate state
package: Testing
version: VERSION
core: 8.x
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The human genome has 49 cytochrome c pseudogenes, including a relic of a primordial gene that still functions in mouse.
Using a computational approach, we have identified 49 cytochrome c (cyc) pseudogenes in the human genome. Analysis of these provides a detailed description of the molecular evolution of the cyc gene. Almost all of the pseudogenes are full-length, and we have concluded that they mostly originated from independent retrotransposition events (i.e. they are processed). Based on phylogenetic analysis and detailed sequence comparison, we have further divided these pseudogenes into two groups. The first, consisting of four young pseudogenes that were dated to be between 27 and 34 Myr old, originated from a gene almost identical to the modern human cyc gene. The second group of pseudogenes is much older and appears to have descended from ancient genes similar to modern rodent cyc genes. Thus, our results support the observation that accelerated evolution in cyc sequence had occurred in the primate lineage. The oldest pseudogene in the second group, dated to be over 80 Myr old, resembles the testis-specific cyc gene in modern rodents. It is likely that the mammalian ancestor had both the somatic and the testis-specific cyc genes. While the testis-specific gene is still functional in modern rodents, the human has lost it, retaining only a pseudogene in its place. Thus, our study may have identified a pseudogene that is a dead relic of a gene that has completely died off in the human lineage. | [
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] |
THE LESSONS OF WORLD WAR ONE
It may seem odd that US history prior to world war 1 is relevant to today, but during that time it was especially clear what the causes of our involvement were, and how we were manipulated from being a peace-loving nation into a warlike military power.
World war one is often seen as an earlier version of WW2, but it was not. The US could have remained neutral throughout the conflict, and the result may well have been a negotiated truce less likely to have led to the second world war.
Our entry into WW1 had nothing to do with principle or ideology. It was the money.
Britian and France sought loans from American banks banks in order to continue buying food and material from the US. While this was not illegal under neutrality, William Jennings Bryan, Secretary of State, knew it was a bad idea, since then US banks and corporate interests would have an interest in that side winning, and would pressure and propogandize us into entering the war. In 1914, Secretary Bryan wrote to President Wilson: Money is the worst of all contrabands because it commands everything else.... I know of nothing that would do more to prevent war than an international agreement that neutral nations would not loan to belligerents.
Senator George W. Norris, in a speech opposing entry into the war, explained the situation clearly. Both England and Germany had declared 'war zones' which restricted the shipping of neutral powers in certain areas. Both declarations were considered contrary to international law of the time. However, the US respected Britian's, but not Germany's.
Why? As Senator Norris said,
'We have loaned many hundreds of millions of dollars to the Allies in this controversy....It is now demanded that the American citizens shall be used as insurance policies to guarantee the safe delivery of munitions of war to belligerent nations.
Senator Robert M. LaFollette, in an eloquent speech, outlined the peaceful strategy by which we could have remained neutral:
The other alternative is to withdraw our commerce from both. The mere suggestion that food supplies would be withheld from both sides impartially would compel belligerents to observe the principle of freedom of the seas for neutral commerce.'
The American people and many political leaders were in favor of peace. Woodrow Wilson was elected as a peace candidate, and re-elected because He kept us out of war. But, when the corporate interests and the banks decided we should enter the war, the propoganda started in the media, and they got their way.
Wilsom, who had spoken eloquently of the nobility of neutrality, began to advocate military preparedness Anti-German propoganda began to proliferate. When war was declared in April, 1917, a government agency called the Comittee for Public Information (CPI) was formed, which proceeded to employ the best writers and artists it could find to move public opinion in favor of war, and to suppress anti-war sentiment in the press. In 1918 the Sedition Act was passed to further intimidate those who opposed the war.
Until the attack of the propogandists, it was clear to nearly everyone that war benefits only the banks and corporations, and was to be avoided. World War One killed about 9 million altogether, including 116,516 Americans. It settled absolutely nothing, and vindicated no principles. The cost to American taxpayers was $22,625,253,000. In 1918, that was a lot of money.
Human beings are capable of understanding that most wars are motivated by greed. It has been pointed out to us many times. Yet we are repeatedly influenced by propoganda fed us by media that is controlled by those who profit to allow and even support yet another war. Can we start remembering that now? | [
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] |
A Monk's tale
Colligendis arte
This diary, written in fine, stylized draconic characters and common writing in yellowed parchment bound in a leather cover adorned with carved bone, describes the scientific process which was in development in the necrolatory.
This long dissertation, apparently written by the dark adept, was botched by spilled liquid on the first three pages and is barely readable. However, the remaining content thoroughly explains his process of experimentation with humanoid organs and limbs, as well as the successful creation and vivification of a thrull.
Although the whole tome is of great importance, some notes catch your eye:
(…)“One of the aspects I find more fascinating about vivificaton is that the part counts more than the whole. All our attempts to vivify a whole body, even that of a child, have failed. But in contrast, we are able to keep some body parts alive outside of their host bodies for some hours before they cease to function. Hearts beating, muscles twitching, heads blinking… only if we knew how to keep lungs breathing…”
(…)“I have read the reports of Trokair’s adept and, on his necrolatory he uses minor cure potions as a vivification elixir. Using such elixir, my colleague has managed to extend the function of a beating heart for about ten to twelve hours after before decomposition took place. He had hypothesized that a stronger cure potion could extend its function even longer, but he lacked the means to test it.
Although the merit for this discovery is not truly mine, I felt somewhat proud when I announced to my colleaghes that this hypothesis was true. Lesser cure potions do keep a human heart beating for a whole day at least, although it could be for longer. Alas, the unpredictableness of the elixir’s duration of effect seems to be it’s largest caveat (aside from its cost in gold pieces).
But what I have not announced to my colleagues yet is how to reliably stabilize the potion’s duration into a stable vivification elixir. All it requires is one portion of vinegar, another of willow bark infusion, one gram of dried green mold powder and ten drops of a tincture prepared with the resin of a poppy’s seed pod per vat. This broth allows the elixir’s duration to last for at least two days, sometimes a little longer. However it’s maximum duration, which appears to be little more than four days, is not affected at all.
These improvements are merely a partial success, but counting with a beating heart for two days instead of one is nevertheless a major breakthrough in this trade. And this is why some secrets are better to be kept as such."
(…)“If the host is alive, limbs always come off first. Tourniquets must always be applied to keep the blood inside the body. Second, open the host’s chest, moisture it with vinegar and then remove the heart and lungs both at the same time. Head must come next and it is better removed with a claymore much like in a decapitation.
As long as the gallbladder is intact, the remaining abdominal organella, such as the liver, kidneys and intestine handle the lack of blood well for an hour or so and need not be removed with haste. The remaining bones keep their marrow moist for about a day and need not be harvested in the same day. The gallbladder (as well as the spleen) contain many humours and must be promptly discarded."
(…)“A few drops of belladonna extract added to the elixir in the heart container seem to accelerate it’s heartbeat. Too much of it will reduce its lifetime by a day, if not kill it. Dilluted foxglove tincture appears to have the opposite effect of belladonna. It even allows the heart to extend its lifespan by four to six hours. However, it is also poisonous in excess and it is too difficult to prepare a non-toxic tincture out of it.”
(…)“The Gods have granted me the opportunity of a lifetime today. A whole family of humans have stumbled in our necrolatory and my servants were able to capture most of them. A male, a female swollen with unborn child, a child and an elder. It was a pity my servants had to beat the male to a pulp before capturing it, because his arms were just perfect for my next project.”
(…)“Damnation! Those brutes managed to cut through the female uterus and the fetus was lost. I will not tolerate such losses any longer – it could have been the first child born out of a vat. It was a tremendous opportunity to waste!
After the loss of the fetus, i personally oversaw the processing of the child. Both him and his young mother have provided me with the noblest organs I have worked with in a long time. I feel this is the proper time and place to finally begin experimentation. Homari’s adept experience with Wolpertinger was already a notable feat of vivification, but no one has yet presented the worlds with a living humanoid thrull after the age of Man. And perhaps I’ll become the first."
(…)“After nearly a fourteen hours of surgery, I think I have finally been successful in reproducing the first Thrull in over six centuries. I was wise enough to use the child’s organs before the lungs degraded. After removing the spine, I was able to reconfigure the child’s carcass into a roughly tetrahedronic shape and reassemble the head, heart and lungs into it. The implantation of the four arms onto each surface was tricky but performed with perfection. The hardest part was to find a place for the genitalia, and I don’t think this thrull will be able to reproduce itself just yet.
It’s amazing. I’m almost certain the thrull’s brain still bears memories fromhis previous life as a child. It screams uncontrollably and cries beyond confort with laudanum tincture. I had to leave it inside the vat so it can regenerate. Tomorrow I shall see what it is capable of."
(…)“It is strange. The thrull’s face was ageing quickly, about one year per hour for the last day, but it seems it has finally stopped. It appears it has matched the age of the remaining limbs. His face now resembles that of an overgrown child, with both male and female arms. I still wonder why this has happened. The thrull still requires frequent baths with elixir to soothe his wounds, but I think soon he may leave his vat behind. Our Mistress will be most pleased.”
(…)“It speaks but I cannot understand it. It listens, but I cannot tell whether it understands or not. It becomes violent for no apparent reason, and has apparently learned how to manipulate objects. This thrull has ruined two of my vats, as well as a countless number of other human tissues and limbs from the last mititia party. This will be a major drawback in the future creation of a thrull. Can it be taught? Perhaps it can, but only by force.”
(…)“The creature has been… encouraged not to enter the vat room without supervision from a servant. Some of his stitches have ruptured with the beating, but I have managed to saw them back to place. Mistress has required me to share my findings and procedures with the remaining adepts, but I don’t think I should take the thrull with me yet. At least not now when he is so bruised up.”
(…)“Today I was persuaded to tell the others about my improvements regarding the elixir vitae formula. I have also shared the surgical procedure from which I have created my thrull. Of course they all envy me now for being able to do it before them, but they demand to see the creature. Mistress does wish so as well, so I will have to comply." | [
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National Braille Press
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Services: Transcription service to braille and audio tape from print or Apple or IBM compatible computer disks; can transcribe math and computer-related materials. Use of volunteers. Priority given to student materials and work for professionals. Fee for services. | [
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Do you want to have a knock out Smile? 90% of people have deep stained teeth consequently a dingy Smile. Many individuals have teeth that are yellow, brown or even gray instead of bright, sparkling white. These discolorations can develop as a result of lifestyle factors, age and enamel wear due to acidity. Dr. Mobasser, our Beverly Hills permanent teeth whitening expert, offers permanent whitening solutions that can enhance and beautify your smile.
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] |
Q:
ReportViewer - Hide PDF Export
I make use of a ReportView component in a VB.Net 2005 app. How can I disable the PDF export functionality, only keeping the MS Excel format?
A:
I had exactly the same problem and solved using the following C# method, found here!:
public void DisableUnwantedExportFormat(ReportViewer ReportViewerID, string strFormatName)
{
FieldInfo info;
foreach (RenderingExtension extension in ReportViewerID.LocalReport.ListRenderingExtensions())
{
if (extension.Name == strFormatName)
{
info = extension.GetType().GetField("m_isVisible", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
info.SetValue(extension, false);
}
}
}
and on the page_load:
DisableUnwantedExportFormat(ReportViewer1, "PDF");
A:
This is how you disable a export option, just mark all the ones except Excel to false.
*Don't forget to restart the Reporting Services service.
File: InstallPath\Reporting Services\ReportServer\rsreportserver.config
Enabled:
<Extension Name="EXCEL"
Type="Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.ExcelRenderer.ExcelRenderer,Microsoft.ReportingServices.ExcelRendering"/>
Disabled:
<Extension Name="EXCEL"
Type="Microsoft.ReportingServices.Rendering.ExcelRenderer.ExcelRenderer,Microsoft.ReportingServices.ExcelRendering"
Visible="false"/>
A:
This simple jQuery approach worked for me:
$(document).ready(function () {
$("a[title='PDF']").parent().hide(); // Remove from export dropdown.
$("a[title='MHTML (web archive)']").parent().hide();
$("a[title='TIFF file']").parent().hide();
});
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] |
Sunday, November 27, 2011
Road Apples, #116
Thanksgiving...For the record I had an outstanding Thanksgiving holiday, spending time with the most important people in my life, including my beautiful daughters last night. There is truly much form me to be thankful for, and what a difference a year makes. Special thanks to my brother Chris, who saved me the drumsticks from Thursday's turkey (which will be my dinner tonight).
Blog Geek...While I haven't posted much over the past week, I have been making a few changes to the site, including a more in-depth "about me" description. The idea for this came from something written by D.B. Echo. Never let a good idea go un-stolen, especially when it comes to the Internet. I do need to do something about the blog mast-head picture, as it takes too long to load. I might need to do some cropping. Time to fire up Picasa, which has become my favorite free photo-editing software.
Tech Geek...As I've noted before, I'm considering the purchase of a tablet computer. It will be something of a gift to myself to mark an important milestone. Anyway, I spent some time yesterday at Best Buy playing with the tablets. A few observations:
Speed...the Android tablets seemed faster than the iPad. I realize that store display models aren't the best avatars for testing speed, but it was somewhat noticeable.
Display...the iPad's display wasn't as crisp as some of the Android models.
Android Interface...bottom line? Every Android tablet has the same interface. Zero real differentiation. The real differentiation among Android tablets lies in software add-ons and tactile feel of the device.
Sony...I played with the Sony tablet and I wasn't blown away with the overall feel of the device. The real benefit behind the Sony though lies in the software...especially the universal device remote control and the ability to play Playstation games. It was also not as large as some of the other models.
Motorola Zoon...man, the prices have dropped on this device.
Blackberry Tablet...has a great display and seems pretty quick. However I don't like the form (it is a smaller tablet) and I get creeped out by all of RIM's self-inflicted issues.
Kindle Fire...this isn't on my list, but man it is a cool device. Excellent display.
Scranton...Many reports over the past week or so about how my home-town is running out of things to sell and credit upon which to borrow. As I've noted many times before, Scranton's government is simply too large for the tax base to support, period. What's more, there isn't a secret of horde of "crony consultants" that, by eliminating, will save the fiscal day for the city (sorry Janet Evans fans). Scranton IS bankrupt, period. It's just a question of legally acknowledging this fact. The sooner that happens, the better.
Ron Paul...I want to like Ron Paul, I really do. He was giving a speech the other day in New Hampshire where he basically said the U.S. government had no business telling other countries what to do. I agree. However, Representative Paul seems to have no problem with the U.S. government telling women what they can and can't do with their own bodies. This is a contradiction I find troubling. While I don't support abortion as a concept, I find it troubling that some believe the government should have the power to reach into a woman's body make decisions for them. I don't expect that my position on this issue will resonate positively with everyone, but so be it. As the father of three adult daughters, I shutter to think what would happen if they were ever the victims of a sexual assault that resulted in a pregnancy; in such an instance I would not be qualified to tell them what to do...and I am their father...so the government sure has Hell is not qualified either.
Penn State...For several years I have made an annual contribution to the University. That will not happen this year. Mind you this has never been a large sum of money in real terms, but it was the largest single donation I would make to any organization. At this stage I simply can't support an organization that has been so focused on a stupid game that they were willing to look the other way when there was credible of child abuse. This was and is appalling. I'll find some other use for the money and hope that, in the coming months, real changes are made at Penn State.
"We shall not cease from exploration and the end of all our exploring will be to arrive where we started...and know that place for the first time."
- T.S. Eliot
ABOUT NCFE
Welcome to NCFE, my home on the Internet. I don't attempt to be profound, insightful or even interesting. Instead, I simply attempt to be me, sharing my thoughts and journey through, what the late artist Prince referred to as "this thing called life".
No part of this website or any of its original contents may be reproduced, copied, modified or adapted, without prior written consent from me, Steve (Stephen G.) Albert, unless otherwise indicated; see below.
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The information noted above is subject to change at my sole discretion and without notice. | [
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