claim_id
int64 0
3.13k
| claim
stringlengths 26
406
| evidence
stringlengths 13
1.4k
| evidence_label
stringclasses 3
values | label
stringclasses 3
values | category
stringlengths 2
71
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,924 | The long-term correlation between CO2 and temperature is well established. | Further research has demonstrated a reliable correlation between CO 2 levels and the temperature calculated from ice isotope data. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Ice core |
1,276 | “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models. | Climate models forced by natural factors and increased greenhouse gases and aerosols reproduce the observed global temperature changes; those forced by natural factors alone do not. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Attribution of recent climate change |
1,772 | Preventing global warming is relatively cheap; business-as-usual will cause accelerating climate damage costs that economists struggle to even estimate. | Researchers have warned that current economic modeling may seriously underestimate the impact of potentially catastrophic climate change and point to the need for new models that give a more accurate picture of potential damages. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Effects of global warming |
1,745 | The IPCC simply updated their temperature history graphs to show the best data available at the time. | This graph extended the similar graph in Figure 3.20 from the IPCC Second Assessment Report of 1995, and differed from a schematic in the first assessment report that lacked temperature units, but appeared to depict larger global temperature variations over the past 1000 years, and higher temperatures during the Medieval Warm Period than the mid 20th century. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
1,623 | Underground temperatures control climate. | Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases determines the amount of solar energy retained by the planet, leading to global warming or global cooling. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate |
1,851 | Barack Obama and Joe Biden will establish a 10 percent federal Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) to require that 10 percent of electricity consumed in the U.S. is derived from clean, sustainable energy sources, like solar, wind and geothermal by 2012. | A Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a mandate that requires electricity providers to supply to their customers a minimum amount of power from renewable sources, usually as a percentage of total energy use. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Energy policy of the United States |
1,985 | The North Pole is melting "a bit" but the South Pole is getting bigger. | "Freak storm pushes North Pole 50 degrees above normal to melting point" – via washingtonpost.com. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | North Pole |
2,834 | When stomata-derived CO2 (red) is compared to ice core-derived CO2 (blue), the stomata generally show much more variability in the atmospheric CO2 level and often show levels much higher than the ice cores. | The proportions of different oxygen and hydrogen isotopes provide information about ancient temperatures, and the air trapped in tiny bubbles can be analysed to determine the level of atmospheric gases such as carbon dioxide. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ice core |
2,762 | One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible. | And we hit $50 billion in revenues for the first time last year – not a bad achievement in just a decade and a half." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Google |
2,432 | The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970. | At the photosphere, the temperature has dropped to 5,700 K and the density to only 0.2 g/m3 (about 1/6,000 the density of air at sea level). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sun |
1,901 | If sea levels rise six feet due to climate change, Waterplace Park in Providence and Wickford village would be swamped | Instead of a global 5-meter sea level rise, western Antarctica would experience approximately 25 centimeters of sea level fall, while the United States, parts of Canada, and the Indian Ocean, would experience up to 6.5 meters of sea level rise. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Physical impacts of climate change |
991 | “Sea level rise is global. | "20th century acceleration in global sea-level rise". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
1,115 | This “blocking” effect means extreme events can unfold.” | The effect can be so pronounced that during extreme events, it is not possible to obtain quality images of the Sun or stars. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Solar particle event |
2,876 | Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004). | In 2004, a paper was published in the journal Science by Naomi Oreskes titled Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Benny Peiser |
2,330 | Arctic sea ice has been retreating over the past 30 years. | Due to the poleward migration of the planet's isotherms (about 56 km (35 mi) per decade during the past 30 years as a consequence of global warming), the Arctic region (as defined by tree line and temperature) is currently shrinking. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Arctic |
868 | In Alaska, already, researchers have discovered remnants of the 1918 flu that infected as many as 500 million and killed as many as 100 million” | In the U.S., about 28% of the population of 105 million became infected, and 500,000 to 675,000 died (0.48 to 0.64 percent of the population). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Spanish flu |
2,121 | Infrared Iris will reduce global warming | However some research shows that black carbon will increase global warming, being second only to CO2. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global dimming |
1,698 | Around 97% of climate experts agree that humans are causing global warming. | Of these, 97% agree, explicitly or implicitly, that global warming is happening and is human-caused. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Scientific consensus on climate change |
1,083 | ‘Getting hung up on the exact nature of the records is interesting, and there’s lots of technical work that can be done there, but the main take-home response there is that the trends we’ve been seeing since the 1970s are continuing and have not paused in any way,’ he said.” | Reflecting on developments in rock music at the start of the 1970s, Robert Christgau later wrote in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981): The decade is, of course, an arbitrary schema itself—time doesn't just execute a neat turn toward the future every ten years. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Rock music |
473 | La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific | At its southeast edge, the circulation around the feature forces a salinity gradient in the ocean, with fresher and warmer waters of the western Pacific lying to its west. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | South Pacific convergence zone |
1,575 | Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain. | The Arctic is affected by current global warming, leading to Arctic sea ice shrinkage, diminished ice in the Greenland ice sheet, and Arctic methane release as the permafrost thaws. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Arctic |
1,130 | The record warm years of 2015 and 2016 were primarily caused by the super El Nino.’” | An El Niño is associated with warm and very wet weather months in April–October along the coasts of northern Peru and Ecuador, causing major flooding whenever the event is strong or extreme. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | El Niño |
2,539 | "[T]he influence of so-called greenhouse gases on near-surface temperature - is not yet absolutely proven. | The presence of N2, CH4, and H2 in the atmosphere contribute to a greenhouse effect, increasing the surface temperature by 21K over the expected temperature of the body with no atmosphere. | REFUTES | contradiction | Greenhouse effect |
527 | Our evolving dynamic planet has survived sea level changes of hundreds of metres | More precisely, the geoid is the surface of gravitational equipotential at mean sea level. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Earth |
1,577 | Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project. | Critics have noted that of the 105 "scientists" listed on the original 2001 petition, fewer than 20% were biologists, with few of the remainder having the necessary expertise to contribute meaningfully to a discussion of the role of natural selection in evolution. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | A Scientific Dissent from Darwinism |
2,689 | Pluto experiences drastic season changes due to an elliptical orbit (that takes 250 Earth years). | The semi-major axis of Pluto's orbit varies between about 39.3 and 39.6 au with a period of about 19,951 years, corresponding to an orbital period varying between 246 and 249 years. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Pluto |
383 | “As soon as renewables were introduced into the grid, electricity prices increased and delivery became unreliable. | Electrical energy is stored during times when production (especially from intermittent power plants such as renewable electricity sources such as wind power, tidal power, solar power) exceeds consumption, and returned to the grid when production falls below consumption. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Electrical grid |
2,153 | Water levels correlate with sunspots | On longer time scales, such as the solar cycle, other magnetic phenomena (faculae and the chromospheric network) correlate with sunspot occurrence. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sunspot |
1,975 | The claim that 97 percent of scientists believe humans are causing climate change has been debunked by the "head" of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. | 97% of the scientists surveyed agreed that global temperatures had increased during the past 100 years; 84% said they personally believed human-induced warming was occurring, and 74% agreed that "currently available scientific evidence" substantiated its occurrence. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,712 | The news of expanding Antarctic sea ice stole headlines from global warming alarmists who asserted Arctic sea ice had reached its lowest extent since 1979.' | For January 2016, the satellite based data showed the lowest overall Arctic sea ice extent of any January since records begun in 1979. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Arctic sea ice decline |
1,531 | Earth’s climate is now changing faster than at any point in the history of modern civilization, primarily as a result of human activities. | American Physical Society Climate Change Policy Statement, November 2007 "Emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities are changing the atmosphere in ways that affect the Earth's climate. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Scientific consensus on climate change |
118 | more than 100 per cent of the warming over the past century is due to human actions | Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,078 | Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels | There may have been changes in other climate extremes (e.g., floods, droughts and tropical cyclones) but these changes are more difficult to identify. | REFUTES | contradiction | Effects of global warming |
1,923 | More than 260,000 Americans are employed by the domestic solar industry â three times as many workers as employed by the entire coal mining industry. | While the traditional fossil fuel industry employed 187,000 jobs in 2016, the wind power industry grew by nearly 32% to 102,000 people. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump |
399 | Climate Change ‘Heat Records’ Are a Huge Data Manipulation | As measuring technology changes over time, records of data cannot be compared directly. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climatology |
1,151 | “Unlike genuine pollutants, carbon dioxide (CO2) is an odorless, colorless gas. | Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless flammable gas that is slightly less dense than air. | REFUTES | contradiction | Carbon monoxide |
1,844 | After the 9/11 terrorist attacks grounded commercial air traffic, "there was a temperature drop while the airplanes weren't flying, for the week afterwards." | The terrorist aircraft didn't bring the buildings down; it was the fire which followed. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | September 11 attacks |
1,714 | Monckton used the IPCC equation in an inappropriate manner. | The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR4 report defines radiative forcings as: "Radiative forcing is a measure of the influence a factor has in altering the balance of incoming and outgoing energy in the Earth-atmosphere system and is an index of the importance of the factor as a potential climate change mechanism. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Radiative forcing |
765 | The broader term covers changes beyond warmer temperatures, such as shifting rainfall patterns.” | In general, climatic patterns consist of warm temperatures and high annual rainfall. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Tropical rainforest |
108 | sea-level rise is not accelerating. | "Climate-change–driven accelerated sea-level rise detected in the altimeter era". | REFUTES | contradiction | Sea level rise |
2,223 | Because current climate change is so rapid, the way species typically adapt (eg - migration) is, in most cases, simply not be possible. | Meanwhile, low genetic diversity (see inbreeding and population bottlenecks) reduces the range of adaptions possible. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Extinction |
1,980 | and three Nobel economic laureates support "direct investment in technology" rather than a carbon tax. | "Three Share Nobel in Economics for Work on Social Mechanisms". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Leonid Hurwicz |
381 | [subsidies for wind and solar] add to emissions because coal-fired electricity needs to be on standby for when there is no wind or sunshine. | Shifting these subsidies to the development of climate-benign energy sources such as wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal power is the key to stabilizing the earth's climate." | REFUTES | contradiction | Renewable energy commercialization |
1,513 | I would not agree that carbon dioxide is a primary contributor to the global warming that we see. | Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Greenhouse gas |
2,862 | The Independent Climate Change Email Review found the CRU scientists were unhelpful and unsympathetic to information requesters and at times broke FoI laws. | The Science and Technology Select Committee report blamed the university for mishandling Freedom of Information requests and said it had "found ways to support the culture at CRU of resisting disclosure of information to climate change sceptics". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climatic Research Unit documents |
2,118 | Humans are too insignificant to affect global climate | Currently, through land development, combustion of fossil fuels, and pollution, humans are thought to be the main contributor to global climate change. | REFUTES | contradiction | Human |
3,024 | Unlike the simple example of positive feedback we learned in high school, the increase from every round of feedback gets smaller and smaller, in the case of the enhanced greenhouse effect. | Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change feedback |
2,912 | temperature under the ice is fixed at -2C. Thus elevated winter air temperatures | Rarely, at a temperature of around −2 °C (28 °F), snowflakes can form in threefold symmetry—triangular snowflakes. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Precipitation |
2,894 | "Rapid loss of ice-mass from the glaciers of Greenland and Antarctica are cited as proof positive of global warming's onslaught. | The Greenland, and possibly the Antarctic, ice sheets have been losing mass recently, because losses by ablation including outlet glaciers exceed accumulation of snowfall. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Ice sheet |
1,868 | Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business. | Recent advances in manufacturing efficiency and photovoltaic technology, combined with subsidies driven by environmental concerns, have dramatically accelerated the deployment of solar panels. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Electricity generation |
1,183 | “suggest that residents are fleeing atolls swiftly sinking into the sea. | "Exiled by nuclear testing, rising seas force Bikinians to flee again". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Bikini Atoll |
2,336 | Surface measurements find more downward infrared radiation warming the planet's surface. | The water reacts by radiating, also in the infrared, both upward and downward, and the downward longwave radiation results in increased warming at the surface. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Cloud |
576 | ‘Summers keep getting hotter,’ said Friederike Otto of the University of Oxford, who conducted extensive research into data from the heatwave that spread Europe in June, July and August 2017. | The highest temperature ever recorded in Oxford is 37.2 °C (99 °F) in July 2019 during the 2019 European heat wave. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Oxford |
2,989 | While preventing global warming is relatively cheap, economists can't even accurately estimate the accelerating costs of climate damages if we continue with business-as-usual. | Economists have different views over the cost estimates of climate change mitigation given in the Review. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Stern Review |
434 | It’s also a sufficiently long period to include several cycles of climate variability. | "Multicentennial variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and its climatic influence in a 4000 year simulation of the GFDL CM2.1 climate model". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
350 | Since 1965, more parts of the U.S. have seen a decrease in flooding than have seen an increase. | When this turns to rain, it tends to come in heavy downpours potentially leading to more floods. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Effects of global warming |
527 | Our evolving dynamic planet has survived sea level changes of hundreds of metres | This is predicted to produce changes such as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges, significant changes in weather and a global rise in average sea levels. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Earth |
2,773 | Tree-ring proxy reconstructions are reliable before 1960, tracking closely with the instrumental record and other independent proxies. | In August 2003 Mann with Phil Jones published reconstructions using various high-resolution proxies including tree rings, ice cores and sediments. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Michael E. Mann |
441 | For the year-to-date, the Earth is seeing its 5th-warmest start to the year. | New Year is the time or day at which a new calendar year begins and the calendar's year count increments by one. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | New Year |
956 | Data from NOAA’s Barrow Alaska station ‘indicate that October through December emissions of CO2 from surrounding tundra increased by 73 percent since 1975, supporting the view that rising temperatures have made Arctic ecosystems a net source of CO2.’” | Between the period 1970 to 2004, greenhouse gas emissions (measured in CO 2-equivalent) increased at an average rate of 1.6% per year, with CO 2 emissions from the use of fossil fuels growing at a rate of 1.9% per year. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Greenhouse gas |
1,139 | Mass coral bleaching is a new phenomenon and was never observed before the 1980s as global warming ramped up. | A global mass coral bleaching has been occurring since 2014 because of the highest recorded temperatures plaguing oceans. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Coral bleaching |
1,163 | “Global warming and climate change, even if it is 100% caused by humans, is so slow that it cannot be observed by anyone in their lifetime. | The effects of climate change on human systems, mostly due to warming and shifts in precipitation, have been detected worldwide. | REFUTES | contradiction | Global warming |
1,082 | “But the differences between NOAA and NASA aren’t that significant, Schmidt further argued, in the context of the bigger picture. | In addition, there are important differences in the onboard and ground equipment needed to support the two types of missions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Communications satellite |
920 | If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea. | Continued carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources could cause additional tens of metres of sea level rise, over the next millennia, and the available fossil fuel on Earth is even enough to ultimately melt the entire Antarctic ice sheet, causing about 58 m (190 ft) of sea level rise. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
492 | But like most claims regarding global warming, the real effect is small, probably temporary, and most likely due to natural weather patterns | Impacts include the direct effects of extreme weather, leading to injury and loss of life; and indirect effects, such as undernutrition brought on by crop failures. | REFUTES | contradiction | Global warming |
1,817 | Environment Minister Greg Hunt the Coalition's emissions reduction fund, at $13.95 per tonne of carbon, is around 1 per cent of the cost of reducing carbon under the former Labor government's carbon pricing scheme, which he cost $1,300 a tonne. | The tax that was to be implemented would be 2,400 yen ($20.85 in 2005 dollars) per tonne of carbon dioxide emitted from fuels. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon tax |
828 | Famine, economic collapse, a sun that cooks us: What climate change could wreak — sooner than you think. | In November 2017, a second warning to humanity signed by 15,364 scientists from 184 countries stated that "the current trajectory of potentially catastrophic climate change due to rising greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agricultural production – particularly from farming ruminants for meat consumption" is "especially troubling". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming |
1,397 | alarmists here are taking overwhelmingly good news about global warming improving plant health and making it seem like this good news is actually bad news because healthier plants mean more pollen. | Biodiversity's relevance to human health is becoming an international political issue, as scientific evidence builds on the global health implications of biodiversity loss. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Biodiversity |
340 | Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change. | Just as on land, heat waves in the ocean occur more due to climate change, with harmful effects found on a wide range of organisms such as corals, kelp, and seabirds. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming |
1,937 | Not only is there no scientific evidence that CO2 is a pollutant, higher CO2 concentrations actually help ecosystems support more plant and animal life. | Plants can grow as much as 50 percent faster in concentrations of 1,000 ppm CO 2 when compared with ambient conditions, though this assumes no change in climate and no limitation on other nutrients. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Carbon dioxide |
1,256 | ‘Next year or the year after, the Arctic will be free of ice’ | Research shows that the Arctic may become ice-free in the summer for the first time in human history by 2040. | REFUTES | contradiction | Arctic Ocean |
2,891 | Wu et al (2010) use a new method to calculate ice sheet mass balance. | A combination of satellite observations of its changing volume, flow and gravitational attraction with modelling of its surface mass balance suggests the overall mass balance of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet was relatively steady or slightly positive for much of the period 1992–2017. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
2,593 | [T]he study indicates “Greenland’s ice may be less susceptible to the massive meltdown predicted by computer models of climate change, the main author ... said in an interview. ... | "Greenland enters melt mode". | REFUTES | contradiction | Greenland ice sheet |
1,937 | Not only is there no scientific evidence that CO2 is a pollutant, higher CO2 concentrations actually help ecosystems support more plant and animal life. | Wetlands are also considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems, serving as home to a wide range of plant and animal life. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Wetland |
581 | the kind of extreme heat we saw this past summer will be the norm | The summer of 2007–08, however, proved to be the coolest since 1996–97 and is the only summer this century to be at or below average in temperatures. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sydney |
443 | “Today climate scientists are obsessed with the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, a very very small part of the overall picture. | The changes in temperature have been associated with increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) and other GHGs in the atmosphere." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,262 | Since the hockey stick paper in 1998, there have been a number of proxy studies analysing a variety of different sources including corals, stalagmites, tree rings, boreholes and ice cores. | Examples of proxies include ice cores, tree rings, sub-fossil pollen, boreholes, corals, lake and ocean sediments, and carbonate speleothems. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Proxy (climate) |
590 | Their ECS estimate is 1.5 degrees, with a probability range between 1.05 and 2.45 degrees. | The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report reverted to the earlier range of 1.5 to 4.5 °C (2.7 to 8.1 °F) (high confidence) because some estimates using industrial-age data came out low. | REFUTES | contradiction | Climate sensitivity |
1,798 | A few degrees of global warming has a huge impact on ice sheets, sea levels and other aspects of climate. | rising sea levels, shrinking Arctic sea ice). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,210 | "[Models] are full of fudge factors that are fitted to the existing climate, so the models more or less agree with the observed data. | However, a fit to empirical data alone is not sufficient for a model to be accepted as valid. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific modelling |
2,277 | Al Gore's film was "broadly accurate" according to an expert witness called when an attempt was made through the courts to prevent the film being shown in schools. | In a 2007 court case, a British judge said that while he had "no doubt ...the film was broadly accurate" and its "four main scientific hypotheses ...are supported by a vast quantity of research", he upheld nine of a "long schedule" of alleged errors presented to the court. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Al Gore |
97 | according, again, to the official figures—during this past 10 years, if anything, mean global temperature, average world temperature, has slightly declined | Farmer 2014, p. 44: "Global average temperatures for 2013 have recently been published by the BEST study...2010 and 2005 remain the warmest years since records began in the 19th century. | REFUTES | contradiction | Anthony Watts (blogger) |
1,013 | Global sea level rise surged between November 2014 and February 2016, with the El Niño event helping the oceans rise by 15mm. | Between 1900 and 2016, the sea level rose by 16–21 cm (6.3–8.3 in). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
1,890 | Germany managed to increase its use of renewables and its output of carbon dioxide at the same time -- because it resorted to cheap coal to keep the lights on at a price its people could afford. | It also enforces energy conservation, green technologies, emission reduction activities, and aims to meet the country's electricity demands using 40% renewable sources by 2020. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Germany |
2,618 | It fails to explain how we can have short-term positive feedback and long-term negative feedback. | PCT demonstrates circular causation in a negative feedback loop closed through the environment. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Perceptual control theory |
2,337 | This provides a direct, empirical causal link between CO2 and global warming. | One potential source of abrupt climate change would be the rapid release of methane and carbon dioxide from permafrost, which would amplify global warming. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming |
757 | The grasslands, crops, forests and territorial waters of Australia absorb more carbon dioxide than Australia emits. | They absorb a huge amount of carbon dioxide, combating climate change. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Reforestation |
1,973 | The carbon tax is partly to blame for the closure of Alcoa's Point Henry aluminium smelter. | Following a board meeting in February 2014, Alcoa Chief Executive Klaus Kleinfeld announced that the smelter—along with two rolling mills—would close at the end of 2014. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Point Henry smelter |
2,460 | That drop in temperature came after what was described in the National Geographic as 'six decades of abnormal warmth'." | All these effects can combine to produce a dramatic drop in sea surface temperature over a large area in just a few days. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Tropical cyclone |
2,283 | In fact, the global melt rate has been accelerating since the mid-1970s. | A 2018 systematic review study estimated that ice loss across the entire continent was 43 gigatons (Gt) per year on average during the period from 1992 to 2002, but has accelerated to an average of 220 Gt per year during the five years from 2012 to 2017. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
1,430 | Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000. | The autumn of 2006 was the warmest in recorded history. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | 2006 European heat wave |
378 | for thousands of millions of years the Earth has been changing, with cycles and one-off events such as an asteroid impact, super-volcano or a supernova explosion. | This is predicted to produce changes such as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges, significant changes in weather and a global rise in average sea levels. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Earth |
1,049 | So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows. | Milwaukee tends to experience highs that are 90 °F (32 °C) on or above seven days per year, and lows at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on six to seven nights. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Milwaukee |
1,837 | A major part of the climate change bill sponsored by Sens. John Kerry and Joe Lieberman "was essentially written by BP." | On December 10, 2009, Graham co-sponsored a letter to President Barack Obama along with then Senators John Kerry and Joe Lieberman announcing their commitment to passing a climate change bill and outlining its framework. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Lindsey Graham |
628 | as continents rise after the overlying ice has melted | Water flowing down the headwall gains energy, which melts the surrounding ice, creating channels. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Overdeepening |
2,666 | Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events. | These models predict an upward trend in the global mean surface temperature, with the most rapid increase in temperature being projected for the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate |
826 | The latest NOAA report is “a reminder that climate change has not, despite the insistence of climate contrarians ‘paused’ or even slowed down,” Mann said.. | "Details the findings of a new report that confirms NOAA data about climate change." | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate change denial |
1,703 | Multiple lines of independent evidence indicate humidity is rising and provides positive feedback. | Self-verification is the drive to reinforce the existing self-image and self-enhancement is the drive to seek positive feedback. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Confirmation bias |
762 | ‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’ | Other organisms are directly harmed as a result of acidification. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ocean acidification |
1,569 | Sea level rise is decelerating. | More importantly, the GMSL curve shows a net acceleration, estimated to be at 0.08mm/yr2. | REFUTES | contradiction | Sea level rise |