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1,837 | A major part of the climate change bill sponsored by Sens. John Kerry and Joe Lieberman "was essentially written by BP." | A release from the presidential campaign of presumptive Democratic nominee Al Gore listed Kerry on the short list to be selected as the vice-presidential nominee, along with North Carolina Senator John Edwards, Indiana Senator Evan Bayh, Missouri Congressman Richard Gephardt, New Hampshire Governor Jeanne Shaheen and Connecticut Senator Joe Lieberman. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | John Kerry |
2,618 | It fails to explain how we can have short-term positive feedback and long-term negative feedback. | Each glacial period is subject to positive feedback which makes it more severe, and negative feedback which mitigates and (in all cases so far) eventually ends it. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ice age |
1,771 | Peer-reviewed research, physics, and math all tell us that a grand solar minimum would have no more than a 0.3°C cooling effect, barely enough to put a dent in human-caused global warming. | Human-caused increases in greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed global average surface warming of roughly 0.8 °C (1.5 °F) over the past 140 years. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,060 | Global warming is causing more hurricanes and stronger hurricanes. | As the Earth's climate warms, we are seeing many changes: stronger, more destructive hurricanes; heavier rainfall; more disastrous flooding; more areas of the world experiencing severe drought; and more heat waves." | SUPPORTS | entailment | Scientific consensus on climate change |
948 | In a study last year, Robert M. DeConto of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and David Pollard of Pennsylvania State University used their computer model to predict what would happen if emissions were reduced sharply over the next few decades, in line with international climate goals. | The 10th Emissions Gap Report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) predicts that if emissions continue to increase at the same rate as they have in 2010–2020, global temperatures would rise by as much as 4° by 2100. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,502 | Fundamental physics and global climate models both make testable predictions as to how the global climate should change in response to anthropogenic warming. | The defining characteristic of all scientific knowledge, including theories, is the ability to make falsifiable or testable predictions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific theory |
1,342 | The worsening of tidal flooding in American coastal communities is largely a consequence of greenhouse gases from human activity, and the problem will grow far worse in coming decades, scientists reported Monday. | The effects of global warming or climate damage include far-reaching and long-lasting changes to the natural environment, to ecosystems and human societies caused directly or indirectly by human emissions of greenhouse gases. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Effects of global warming |
2,041 | There are fundamental faults in the statistical and scientific analyses used to justify the need for early and comprehensive mitigatory action by governments. | For example, an influential recent work in the field relies on statistical analyses to argue that the increase in incarceration in the US over the last 30 years is due to changes in law and policing and not to an increase in crime; and that this increase has significantly contributed to the persistence of racial stratification. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sociology |
2,057 | The increase in atmospheric methane, a greenhouse gas, in the latter part of the 20th century was explained as coming from expansion of grazing and rice cultivation, but the cause was found to be leaking gas pipelines in the Soviet Union which are now being properly managed and maintained. | Methane is an important greenhouse gas with a global warming potential of 34 compared to CO2 (potential of 1) over a 100-year period, and 72 over a 20-year period. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Methane |
2,276 | It is unclear whether global warming is increasing hurricane frequency but there is increasing evidence that warming increases hurricane intensity. | In recent years, growing evidence suggests that human-induced global warming is increasing the periodicity and intensity of some extreme weather events. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Extreme weather |
2,423 | Arctic sea ice has been steadily thinning, even in the last few years while the surface ice (eg - sea ice extent) increased slightly. | The mean extent of the ice has been decreasing since 1980 from the average winter value of 15,600,000 km2 (6,023,200 sq mi) at a rate of 3% per decade. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Arctic Ocean |
622 | A longer and warmer growing season also has an effect, Dr. Overpeck said, as plants take up more water, further reducing stream flows. | While summer growing seasons are expanding, winters are getting warmer and shorter, resulting in reduced winter ice cover on bodies of water, earlier ice-out, earlier melt water flows, and earlier spring lake level peaks. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Season creep |
2,077 | The increase in damage in recent years is due to population growth in vulnerable areas and poor forest management. | Socio-economic factors have contributed to the observed trend of global losses, e.g., population growth, increased wealth. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Effects of global warming |
2,213 | The warming trend is the same in rural and urban areas, measured by thermometers and satellites, and by natural thermometers. | This was done by using satellite-based night-light detection of urban areas, and more thorough homogenisation of the time series (with corrections, for example, for the tendency of surrounding rural stations to be slightly higher in elevation, and thus cooler, than urban areas). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Urban heat island |
235 | The planet’s average ground temperature has risen by around 1.62F (0.9C) | At the pressure level of 10 bars (1 MPa), the temperature is around 340 K (67 °C; 152 °F). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Jupiter |
1,223 | Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows | More recent research, especially into Antarctica, indicates that this is probably a conservative estimate and true long-term sea level rise might be higher. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
642 | Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius | The oft-cited Mauna Loa average for 2012 is 393.8 ppm, which is a good approximation although typically about 1 ppm higher than the spatial average given above. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Greenhouse gas |
320 | Globally averaged thermometers show two periods of warming since 1900: a half-degree from natural causes in the first half of the 20th century, before there was an increase in industrial carbon dioxide that was enough to produce it, and another half-degree in the last quarter of the century. | Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon dioxide |
2,856 | At present, climate forecasts even as little as six weeks ahead can be diametrically the opposite of what actually occurs, even if the forecasts are limited to a small region of the planet.' | As proposed by Edward Lorenz in 1963, it is impossible for long-range forecasts—those made more than two weeks in advance—to predict the state of the atmosphere with any degree of skill owing to the chaotic nature of the fluid dynamics equations involved. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ensemble forecasting |
1,431 | Eleven percent of all global greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans are caused by deforestation — comparable to the emissions from all of the cars and trucks on the planet. | The vast majority of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions come from combustion of fossil fuels, principally coal, oil, and natural gas, with additional contributions coming from deforestation, changes in land use, soil erosion and agriculture (including livestock). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Greenhouse gas |
2,160 | Renewable energy investment kills jobs | Globally there are an estimated 7.7 million jobs associated with the renewable energy industries, with solar photovoltaics being the largest renewable employer. | REFUTES | contradiction | Renewable energy |
2,161 | CO2 limits won't cool the planet | If cloud cover increases, more sunlight will be reflected back into space, cooling the planet. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
1,943 | Over 97 percent of the scientific community ⦠believe that humans are contributing to climate change. | Of these, 97% agree, explicitly or implicitly, that global warming is happening and is human-caused. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,381 | Economic assessments of proposed policy to put a price on carbon emissions are in widespread agreement that the net economic impact will be minor. | They all put a price on pollution (for example, see carbon price), and so provide an economic incentive to reduce pollution beginning with the lowest-cost opportunities. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Emissions trading |
1,056 | Because oxygen in the global ocean is not evenly distributed, the 2 percent overall decline means there is a much larger decline in some areas of the ocean than others. | Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere (the ozone layer), and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around Earth's polar regions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ozone depletion |
1,572 | Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995. | He said there had probably been no global warming since the 1940s, and "Satellite data show no appreciable warming of the global atmosphere since 1979. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Hockey stick controversy |
2,611 | The final amount of extra CO2 that remains in the atmosphere stays there on a time scale of centuries. | the CO2 concentration already released into the atmosphere since the beginning of industrialization, which has risen from well below 300 PPM to more than 415 PPM (2019). | SUPPORTS | entailment | Carbon price |
2,157 | CO2 increase is natural, not human-caused | Human activities have caused CO 2 to increase above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years. | REFUTES | contradiction | Carbon dioxide |
75 | The science is clear, climate change is making extreme weather events, including tornadoes, worse. | Documented long-term climate changes include changes in Arctic temperatures and ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity, wind patterns and extreme weather including droughts, heavy precipitation, heat waves and the intensity of tropical cyclones. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Scientific consensus on climate change |
388 | We have also been told the problem is DEFINITELY NOT a billions-year-old planet running through cycles where the temperature might fluctuate a bit. | This is predicted to produce changes such as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges, significant changes in weather and a global rise in average sea levels. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Earth |
2,826 | A drop of volcanic activity in the early 20th century may have had a warming effect. | Analysis of the temperature records in Lake Tahoe has shown that the lake warmed (between 1969 and 2002) at an average rate of 0.027 °F (0.015 °C) per year. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Lake Tahoe |
2,779 | Europe and Asia emit most of the soot from burning coal, wood, dung, and diesel in open fires or without particulate filters in stoves, chimneys, smokestacks, and exhaust pipes. | A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is a device designed to remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Diesel particulate filter |
2,118 | Humans are too insignificant to affect global climate | The timing of South American megafaunal extinction appears to precede human arrival, although the possibility that human activity at the time impacted the global climate enough to cause such an extinction has been suggested. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Holocene extinction |
2,510 | In 1946, PDO switched to a cool phase. | 1945/1946: The PDO changed to a "cool" phase, the pattern of this regime shift is similar to the 1970s episode with maximum amplitude in the subarctic and subtropical front but with a greater signature near the Japan while the 1970s shift was stronger near the American west coast. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Pacific decadal oscillation |
1,145 | For what appears to be the first time since scientists began keeping track, sea ice in the Arctic and the Antarctic are at record lows this time of year. | The Arctic sea ice minimum is the day in a given year when Arctic sea ice reaches its smallest extent, occurring at the end of the summer melting season, normally during September. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Arctic sea ice decline |
817 | Scientists have long known about the anomalous ‘warming hole‘ in the North Atlantic Ocean, an area immune to warming of Earth’s oceans. | Other climate determinants are more dynamic: the thermohaline circulation of the ocean leads to a 5 °C (9 °F) warming of the northern Atlantic Ocean compared to other ocean basins. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate |
2,488 | However, it is unable to explain the long term warming trend over the past few decades. | In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. | REFUTES | contradiction | Global warming |
824 | So it’s been a surprise to climate scientists that 2017 has been so remarkably warm — because the last El Niño ended a year ago. | About half of El Niño events persist sufficiently into the spring months for the Western Hemisphere Warm Pool to become unusually large in summer. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | El Niño |
1,609 | Greenland has only lost a tiny fraction of its ice mass. | Between then and 2010, the mountain lost 80 percent of its ice — two-thirds of which since another scientific expedition in the 1970s. | REFUTES | contradiction | Retreat of glaciers since 1850 |
287 | Climate skeptics argue temperature records have been adjusted in recent years to make the past appear cooler and the present warmer, although the Carbon Brief showed that NOAA has actually made the past warmer, evening out the difference. | It is a major aspect of climate change, and has been demonstrated by the instrumental temperature record which shows global warming of around 1 °C since the pre-industrial period, although the bulk of this (0.9°C) has occurred since 1970. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Effects of global warming |
1,741 | Volcanoes have had no warming effect in recent global warming - if anything, a cooling effect. | The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora created global climate anomalies that became known as the "Year Without a Summer" because of the effect on North American and European weather. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Volcano |
2,040 | Any action by Australia to reduce emissions of fossil fuels would not help to protect the reef unless there is an effective international agreement by major emitters. | The agreement stated that it would enter into force (and thus become fully effective) only if 55 countries that produce at least 55% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions (according to a list produced in 2015) ratify, accept, approve or accede to the agreement. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Paris Agreement |
1,530 | Scientists have known for some time, from multiple lines of evidence, that humans are changing Earth’s climate, primarily through greenhouse gas emissions. | The global warming observed over the past 50 years is due primarily to human-induced emissions of heat-trapping gases. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Scientific consensus on climate change |
2,308 | "The 30 major droughts of the 20th century were likely natural in all respects; and, hence, they are "indicative of what could also happen in the future," as Narisma | Increased variability and intensity of rainfall as a result of climate change is expected to produce both more severe droughts and flooding, with potentially serious consequences for water supply and for pollution from combined sewer overflows. | REFUTES | contradiction | United States |
1,861 | California legislators have made it illegal for anyone to deny climate change, under threat of jail time. | In the absence of substantial federal action, state governments have adopted emissions-control laws such as the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in the Northeast and the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 in California. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate change mitigation |
669 | Sea level rise of 65 centimeters, or roughly 2 feet would cause significant problems for coastal cities around the world. | For example, in 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projected a high end estimate of 60 cm (2 ft) through 2099, but their 2014 report raised the high-end estimate to about 90 cm (3 ft). | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
2,105 | Excess CO2 from human emissions has a long residence time of over 100 years | Carbon dioxide has a variable atmospheric lifetime, and cannot be specified precisely. | REFUTES | contradiction | Greenhouse gas |
375 | when 3 per cent of total annual global emissions of carbon dioxide are from humans and Australia produces 1.3 per cent of this 3 per cent, then no amount of emissions reduction here will have any effect on global climate. | With a market share of 30% and (potentially) clean electricity, heat pumps could reduce global CO 2 emissions by 8% annually. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change mitigation |
2,600 | "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is! | Total anthropogenic emissions at the end of 2009 were estimated at 49.5 gigatonnes CO 2-equivalent. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Greenhouse gas |
1,683 | The PDO shows no trend, and therefore the PDO is not responsible for the trend of global warming. | Some of the graphs show a positive trend, e.g., increasing temperature over land and the ocean, and sea level rise. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Effects of global warming |
2,054 | During the period 1940 to 1976 there was a cooling of the climate despite increasing CO2 levels. | An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ice age |
1,792 | Greenland's ice loss is accelerating & will add metres of sea level rise in upcoming centuries. | The contribution of the Greenland ice sheet on sea level over the next couple of centuries can be very high due to a self-reinforcing cycle (a so-called positive feedback). | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
1,663 | Greenland on the whole is losing ice, as confirmed by satellite measurement. | Findings show that Greenland has lost 3.8 trillion tonnes of ice since 1992, enough to raise sea levels by almost 11mm (1.06cm). | SUPPORTS | entailment | Greenland |
2,037 | The rate of renewable energy installations in the EU in 2018 was less than half the maximum level achieved in 2010. | Several other countries have achieved relatively high levels of wind power penetration, such as 21% of stationary electricity production in Denmark, 18% in Portugal, 16% in Spain, and 14% in Ireland in 2010 and have since continued to expand their installed capacity. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Renewable energy |
2,288 | While the link between cosmic rays and cloud cover is yet to be confirmed, more importantly, there has been no correlation between cosmic rays and global temperatures over the last 30 years of global warming. | Another 2013 study found, contrary to Svensmark's claims, "no statistically significant correlations between cosmic rays and global albedo or globally averaged cloud height." | SUPPORTS | entailment | Henrik Svensmark |
988 | The unlikely scenarios are now, all of a sudden, becoming more probable than they once were thought to be,’ says Sweet.” | Many feasible scenarios can be constructed to account for evidence. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain |
2,247 | His best estimate is that the warming in response to a doubling of CO2 concentration, which may happen this century unless the usual suspects get away with shutting down the economies of the West, will be a harmless 1 Fahrenheit degree, not the 6 F predicted by the IPCC." | Without feedbacks the radiative forcing of approximately 3.7 W/m2, due to doubling CO 2 from the pre-industrial 280 ppm, would eventually result in roughly 1 °C global warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate sensitivity |
932 | The most vulnerable parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet could raise the sea level by 10 to 15 feet, inundating many of the world’s coastal cities, though most scientists think that would take well over a century, or perhaps longer. | In 2018, scientists concluded that high sea levels some 125,000 years ago, which were 6–9 m (20–30 ft) higher than today, were most likely due to the absence of the WAIS, and found evidence that the ice sheet collapsed under climate conditions similar to those of today. | SUPPORTS | entailment | West Antarctic Ice Sheet |
1,093 | Ocean acidification is the terrifying threat whereby all that man-made CO2 we’ve been pumping into the atmosphere may react with the sea to form a sort of giant acid bath. | With the production of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels, oceans are becoming more acidic since CO2 dissolves in water and forms the acidic bicarbonate ion. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Ocean acidification |
2,915 | "Pollution; none of us are supporting putting substances into the atmosphere or the waterways that might be pollutants, but carbon dioxide is not a pollutant. | Common gaseous pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Pollution |
2,069 | Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification, which is catastrophically harming marine life. | As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere, the increased uptake of carbon dioxide into the oceans is causing a measurable decrease in the pH of the oceans, which is referred to as ocean acidification. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Carbon dioxide |
1,663 | Greenland on the whole is losing ice, as confirmed by satellite measurement. | Play media Satellite measurements of Greenland's ice cover from 1979 to 2009 reveals a trend of increased melting. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Greenland ice sheet |
2,118 | Humans are too insignificant to affect global climate | Accumulation of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, mainly being emitted by people burning fossil fuels, is causing global warming. | REFUTES | contradiction | Climate system |
2,049 | The Millennium Drought starting in 1997 and ending in 2010 was misinterpreted as a long term trend as a consequence of Climate Change. | The long Australian Millennial drought broke in 2010. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Drought |
2,516 | The long term warming trend indicates the total energy in the Earth's climate system is increasing due to an energy imbalance. | Earth is very close to being in radiative equilibrium, the situation where the incoming solar energy is balanced by an equal flow of heat to space; under that condition, global temperatures will be relatively stable. | REFUTES | contradiction | Earth's energy budget |
1,354 | Often the compensatory cooling, known as La Niña, is larger than the El Niño warming.” | The exact opposite heating and atmospheric pressure anomalies occur during La Niña. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | El Niño |
441 | For the year-to-date, the Earth is seeing its 5th-warmest start to the year. | This is currently on or close to January 1. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Year |
487 | “It’s horrifying that we’d lose our biodiversity to avert climate change. | Studying the association between Earth climate and extinctions over the past 520 million years, scientists from the University of York write, "The global temperatures predicted for the coming centuries may trigger a new ‘mass extinction event’, where over 50 percent of animal and plant species would be wiped out." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change and ecosystems |
143 | Recent modelling data suggests the climate is considerably more sensitive to carbon emissions than previously believed | The more sensitive a climate system is to increased greenhouse gases, the more likely it is to have decades when temperatures are much higher or much lower than the longer-term average. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate sensitivity |
614 | The Rio Grande is a classic “feast or famine” river, with a dry year or two typically followed by a couple of wet years that allow for recovery. | Because of both drought and overuse, the section from El Paso downstream through Ojinaga was recently tagged "The Forgotten River" by those wishing to bring attention to the river's deteriorated condition. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Rio Grande |
35 | Ice berg melts, ocean level remains the same. | The gravitational effects comes into play when a large ice sheet melts. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
2,797 | Global brightening is caused by changes in cloud cover, reflective aerosols and absorbing aerosols. | In addition to black carbon, fossil fuel and biofuel soot contain aerosols and particulate matter that cool the planet by reflecting the sun's radiation away from the Earth. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Black carbon |
2,217 | Numerous studies into the effect of urban heat island effect and microsite influences find they have negligible effect on long-term trends, particularly when averaged over large regions. | Studies that have looked at hemispheric and global scales conclude that any urban-related trend is an order of magnitude smaller than decadal and longer time-scale trends evident in the series (e.g., Jones et al., 1990; Peterson et al., 1999). | SUPPORTS | entailment | Urban heat island |
2,817 | The Petition Project features over 31,000 scientists signing the petition stating "there is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere". | Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities. | REFUTES | contradiction | Scientific consensus on climate change |
1,875 | Doubling the concentration of atmospheric CO2 from its pre-industrial level, in the absence of other forcings and feedbacks, would likely cause a warming of ~0.3°C to 1.1°C | The higher CO2 levels led to an additional climate warming ranging between 0.1° and 1.5 °C. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate change feedback |
2,028 | cutting speed limits could slow climate change | People and nations can act individually and collectively to slow the pace of global warming, while also preparing for unavoidable climate change and its consequences. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
91 | They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records | We’ve got to put a stop to it in order to set a precedent. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Apple Corps |
677 | “Which is to say that these beans will be eaten by cows, and the cows will convert the beans to meat, and the humans will eat the meat. | To obtain milk from dairy cattle, cows are made pregnant to induce lactation; they are kept lactating for three to seven years, then slaughtered. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Veganism |
2,949 | There is no single continuous satellite measurement of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). | Total solar irradiance (TSI) – the amount of solar radiation received at the top of Earth's atmosphere – has been measured since 1978 by a series of overlapping NASA and ESA satellite experiments to be 1.365 kilowatts per square meter (kW/m²). | REFUTES | contradiction | Sunlight |
2,049 | The Millennium Drought starting in 1997 and ending in 2010 was misinterpreted as a long term trend as a consequence of Climate Change. | Climate change occurs when changes in Earth's climate system result in new weather patterns that remain in place for an extended period of time. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate change (general concept) |
1,334 | We simply could never release enough CO2 into the atmosphere to cause the pH to go below 7 [the point in the pH scale at which a solution becomes acidic].” | CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ H+ + HCO− 3 It is the decrease in pH that signals the brain to breathe faster and deeper, expelling the excess CO2 and resupplying the cells with O2. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Acid |
1,048 | While transient weather variability is playing a key role here, the widespread record warmth across the U.S. so far this year is part of a long-term trend toward more warm temperature records versus cold ones. | While record-breaking years attract considerable public interest, individual years are less significant than the overall trend. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
123 | the warming is not nearly as great as the climate change computer models have predicted. | Uncertainty over feedbacks is the major reason why different climate models project different magnitudes of warming for a given amount of emissions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
1,484 | the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is misleading humanity about climate change and sea levels, and that in fact a new solar-driven cooling period is not far off. | On the eve of the publication of IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report in 2007 another study was published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during IPCC's 2001 Third Assessment Report. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
930 | “Right now, the shelf works like a giant bottle-stopper that slows down ice trying to flow from the land into the sea. | That flow continually moves ice from the grounding line to the seaward front of the shelf. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ice shelf |
1,237 | the last sea-level high point, … occurred between the last two ice ages, about 125,000 years ago. | The Ice Age reached its peak during the Last Glacial Maximum, when ice sheets began advancing from 33,000 YBP and reached their maximum limits 26,500 YBP. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Beringia |
2,765 | "Earth’s Albedo has risen in the past few years, and by doing reconstructions of the past albedo, it appears that there was a significant reduction in Earth’s albedo leading up to a lull in 1997. | An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Ice age |
1,703 | Multiple lines of independent evidence indicate humidity is rising and provides positive feedback. | The warming evident in the instrumental temperature record is consistent with a wide range of observations, documented by many independent scientific groups; for example, in most continental regions the frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation has increased. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
33 | Harvard study finds that wind turbines create MORE global warming than the fossil fuels they eliminate | Over 1,500 tons of carbon dioxide per year can be eliminated by using a one-megawatt turbine instead of one megawatt of energy from a fossil fuel. | REFUTES | contradiction | Wind turbine |
2,671 | There have long been claims that some unspecificed "they" has "changed the name from 'global warming' to 'climate change'". | In this sense, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term climate change has become synonymous with anthropogenic global warming. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate change (general concept) |
816 | While geologists have studied events in the past similar to what appears to be happening today, scientists are largely unsure of what lies ahead. | Geochronology: the study of isotope geology specifically toward determining the date within the past of rock formation, metamorphism, mineralization and geological events (notably, meteorite impacts). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Geologist |
450 | If we double atmospheric carbon dioxide[…] we’d only raise global surface temperatures by about a degree Celsius. | At current emission rates, temperatures could increase by 2 °C, which the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) designated as the upper limit to avoid "dangerous" levels, by 2036. | REFUTES | contradiction | Greenhouse gas |
1,541 | Sea level rise due to global warming is exaggerated. | Under the influence of global warming, melt at the base of the ice sheet increases. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
1,310 | It has occurred during the warmest year on record, which occurred in 2015, and the two most unusually mild months on Earth, which took place in January and February, respectively.” | "2014 one of the warmest years on record globally". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | 2014–16 El Niño event |
2,113 | IPCC overestimate temperature rise | The IPCC (2007) estimates that the expected rise in temperature due to a doubling of CO2 to be about 3 °C (5.4 °F), ± 1.5°. | REFUTES | contradiction | Richard Lindzen |
2,136 | Renewables can't provide baseload power | "Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms" (PDF). | REFUTES | contradiction | Wind power |
2,300 | "Austria is today seeing its earliest snowfall in history with 30 to 40 centimetres already predicted in the mountains. | Although Austria is cold in the winter (−10 to 0 °C), summer temperatures can be relatively high, with average temperatures in the mid-20s and a highest temperature of 40.5 °C (105 °F) in August 2013. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Austria |
1,893 | Global warming leads to much quicker spread of the Zika virus because the increased temperature, "makes mosquitoes mature faster, . . . | Flooding creates more standing water for mosquitoes to breed; as well, shown that these vectors are able to feed more and grow faster in warmer climates. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Effects of global warming on human health |
2,839 | Ice mass loss is occuring at an accelerated rate in Greenland, Antarctica and globally from inland glaciers. | The Greenland, and possibly the Antarctic, ice sheets have been losing mass recently, because losses by ablation including outlet glaciers exceed accumulation of snowfall. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Ice sheet |
293 | When the measuring equipment gets old and needs replacing, it often requires re-calibration. | Common in the oil and gas industry to replace old or damaged pipes on a like-for-like basis, the advantage of dimensional control survey is that the instrument used to conduct the survey does not need to be level. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Surveying |