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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Khentetka", "paragraph_text": "Khentetka or Khentetenka (fl. 26th century BCE) was a Queen of Egypt; the wife of King Djedefre during the 4th dynasty.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Entonaema", "paragraph_text": "Entonaema is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. The genus is widespread, especially in tropical areas, and contains six species.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Evolution of fungi", "paragraph_text": "The evolution of fungi has been going on since fungi diverged from other life around 1.5 billion years ago, (Wang et al., 1999) with the glomaleans branching from the ``higher fungi ''at ~ 570 million years ago, according to DNA analysis. (Schüssler et al., 2001; Tehler et al., 2000) Fungi probably colonized the land during the Cambrian, over 500 million years ago, (Taylor & Osborn, 1996) but terrestrial fossils only become uncontroversial and common during the Devonian, 400 million years ago.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Fassia", "paragraph_text": "Fassia is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Fassia scabrosa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ascomycota", "paragraph_text": "Ascomycota division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, form the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the \"ascus\" (from Greek: (\"askos\"), meaning \"sac\" or \"wineskin\"), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewer's yeast and baker's yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed \"ascolichens\") such as \"Cladonia\" belong to the Ascomycota.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Communication", "paragraph_text": "Fungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out \"noise\", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Geastrum quadrifidum", "paragraph_text": "Geastrum quadrifidum, commonly known as the rayed earthstar or four-footed earthstar, is an inedible species of mushroom belonging to the genus \"Geastrum\", or earthstar fungi. First described scientifically by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1794, \"G. quadrifidum\" is a cosmopolitan—but not common—species of Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australasia. The fungus is a saprobe, feeding off decomposing organic matter present in the soil and litter of coniferous forests.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Saint Helena", "paragraph_text": "St Helena's biodiversity, however, also includes marine vertebrates, invertebrates (freshwater, terrestrial and marine), fungi (including lichen-forming species), non-vascular plants, seaweeds and other biological groups. To date, very little is known about these, although more than 200 lichen-forming fungi have been recorded, including 9 endemics, suggesting that many significant discoveries remain to be made.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Geastrum coronatum", "paragraph_text": "Geastrum coronatum is an inedible species of mushroom belonging to the genus \"Geastrum\", or earthstar fungi. Christian Hendrik Persoon published the first description of \"Geastrum coronatum\" in 1801.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Gigantospora", "paragraph_text": "Gigantospora is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Gigantospora gigaspora.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Appendixia", "paragraph_text": "Appendixia is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Appendixia closterium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Antarctica", "paragraph_text": "About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo Dry Valleys and surrounding mountain ridges. The apparently simple morphology, scarcely differentiated structures, metabolic systems and enzymes still active at very low temperatures, and reduced life cycles shown by such fungi make them particularly suited to harsh environments such as the McMurdo Dry Valleys. In particular, their thick-walled and strongly melanized cells make them resistant to UV light. Those features can also be observed in algae and cyanobacteria, suggesting that these are adaptations to the conditions prevailing in Antarctica. This has led to speculation that, if life ever occurred on Mars, it might have looked similar to Antarctic fungi such as Cryomyces minteri. Some of these fungi are also apparently endemic to Antarctica. Endemic Antarctic fungi also include certain dung-inhabiting species which have had to evolve in response to the double challenge of extreme cold while growing on dung, and the need to survive passage through the gut of warm-blooded animals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Radulomyces", "paragraph_text": "Radulomyces is a genus of crust fungi in the family Pterulaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains 11 species. It was circumscribed by Danish botanist Mads Peter Christiansen in 1960, with \"Radulomyces confluens\" as the type species.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Fungus", "paragraph_text": "The 2007 classification of Kingdom Fungi is the result of a large - scale collaborative research effort involving dozens of mycologists and other scientists working on fungal taxonomy. It recognizes seven phyla, two of which -- the Ascomycota and the Basidiomycota -- are contained within a branch representing subkingdom Dikarya, the most species rich and familiar group, including all the mushrooms, most food - spoilage molds, most plant pathogenic fungi, and the beer, wine, and bread yeasts. The accompanying cladogram depicts the major fungal taxa and their relationship to opisthokont and unikont organisms, based on the work of Philippe Silar, ``The Mycota: A Comprehensive Treatise on Fungi as Experimental Systems for Basic and Applied Research ''and Tedersoo et al. 2018. The lengths of the branches are not proportional to evolutionary distances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": "San Diego County has one of the highest counts of animal and plant species that appear on the endangered species list among counties in the United States. Because of its diversity of habitat and its position on the Pacific Flyway, San Diego County has recorded the presence of 492 bird species, more than any other region in the country. San Diego always scores very high in the number of bird species observed in the annual Christmas Bird Count, sponsored by the Audubon Society, and it is known as one of the \"birdiest\" areas in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Wildlife of Costa Rica", "paragraph_text": "The Wildlife of Costa Rica comprises all naturally occurring animals, fungi and plants that reside in this Central American country. Costa Rica supports an enormous variety of wildlife, due in large part to its geographic position between the North and South American continents, its neotropical climate, and its wide variety of habitats. Costa Rica is home to more than 500,000 species, which represents nearly 4% of the total species estimated worldwide, making Costa Rica one of the 20 countries with the highest biodiversity in the world. Of these 500,000 species, a little more than 300,000 are insects.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "1971 New Year Honours", "paragraph_text": "The New Year Honours 1971 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the \"London Gazette\" of 31 December 1970 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ascomycota", "paragraph_text": "Asexual reproduction is the dominant form of propagation in the Ascomycota, and is responsible for the rapid spread of these fungi into new areas. It occurs through vegetative reproductive spores, the conidia. The conidiospores commonly contain one nucleus and are products of mitotic cell divisions and thus are sometimes called mitospores, which are genetically identical to the mycelium from which they originate. They are typically formed at the ends of specialized hyphae, the conidiophores. Depending on the species they may be dispersed by wind or water, or by animals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Glomus (fungus)", "paragraph_text": "Glomus is a genus of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and all species form symbiotic relationships (mycorrhizas) with plant roots. Glomus is the largest genus of AM fungi, with ca. 85 species described, but is currently defined as non-monophyletic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "The plan stated that the following numbers of species of different groups had been recorded from Egypt: algae (1483 species), animals (about 15,000 species of which more than 10,000 were insects), fungi (more than 627 species), monera (319 species), plants (2426 species), protozoans (371 species). For some major groups, for example lichen-forming fungi and nematode worms, the number was not known. Apart from small and well-studied groups like amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles, the many of those numbers are likely to increase as further species are recorded from Egypt. For the fungi, including lichen-forming species, for example, subsequent work has shown that over 2200 species have been recorded from Egypt, and the final figure of all fungi actually occurring in the country is expected to be much higher.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 102168, "question": "Of which country is Khentetka a citizen?", "answer": "Egypt", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 37150, "question": "How many species of fungi were recorded in #1 ?", "answer": "627", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Edith Heath", "paragraph_text": "Heath Ceramics was purchased by Robin Petravic and Catherine Bailey in 2003. Edith Heath died on December 27, 2005 at her home in Tiburon, California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Fiddlin' Buckaroo", "paragraph_text": "The Fiddlin' Buckaroo is a 1933 American Western film directed by Ken Maynard and written by Nate Gatzert. The film stars Ken Maynard, Gloria Shea, Fred Kohler, Frank Rice, Jack Rockwell and Joseph W. Girard. The film was released on July 20, 1933, by Universal Pictures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "According to the Framework Law (3549/2007), Public higher education \"Highest Educational Institutions\" (Ανώτατα Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα, Anótata Ekpaideytiká Idrýmata, \"ΑΕΙ\") consists of two parallel sectors:the University sector (Universities, Polytechnics, Fine Arts Schools, the Open University) and the Technological sector (Technological Education Institutions (TEI) and the School of Pedagogic and Technological Education). There are also State Non-University Tertiary Institutes offering vocationally oriented courses of shorter duration (2 to 3 years) which operate under the authority of other Ministries. Students are admitted to these Institutes according to their performance at national level examinations taking place after completion of the third grade of Lykeio. Additionally, students over twenty-two years old may be admitted to the Hellenic Open University through a form of lottery. The Capodistrian University of Athens is the oldest university in the eastern Mediterranean.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse was a royal commission established in 2013 by the Australian government pursuant to the Royal Commissions Act 1902 to inquire into and report upon responses by institutions to instances and allegations of child sexual abuse in Australia. The establishment of the commission followed revelations of child abusers being moved from place to place instead of their abuse and crimes being reported. There were also revelations that adults failed to try to stop further acts of child abuse. The commission examined the history of abuse in educational institutions, religious groups, sporting organisations, state institutions and youth organisations. The final report of the commission was made public on 15 December 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "List of unrecognized higher education accreditation organizations", "paragraph_text": "Prerequisites and rules for higher education accreditation vary from country to country. In most countries, the function of quality assurance for higher education institutions is conducted by a government ministry of education. However in the United States, educational accreditation is performed primarily by private nonprofit membership associations, the legitimacy of which is validated through recognition by the United States Department of Education (USDE), the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA), or both. USDE and CHEA recognize many of the independent accrediting organizations, but not all. Accreditors seek USDE or CHEA recognition for different reasons; for example, USDE recognition is required for accreditors whose institutions or programs seek eligibility for federal student aid funds. CHEA recognition confers an academic legitimacy on accrediting organizations, helping to solidify the place of these organizations and their institutions and programs in the national higher education community.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "National Institute of Education", "paragraph_text": "The National Institute of Education (NIE) is an autonomous institute of Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore. Ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in Asia by the QS World University Rankings in the subject of Education in 2015, the institute is the sole teacher education institute for teachers in Singapore. NIE provides all levels of teacher education, ranging from initial teacher preparation, to graduate and in-service programmes, and courses for serving teachers, department heads, vice-principals and principals. Its enrolment stands at more than 5,600 full-time equivalent students. The institute was first established as the Teachers' Training College in 1950.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Kenjgewin Teg Educational Institute", "paragraph_text": "Kenjgewin Teg Educational Institute (KTEI) is an Aboriginal-owned and controlled post-secondary institution at M'Chigeeng First Nation, on Mnidoo Mnising Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada. In the Ojibwe language, Kenjgewin Teg means a place of knowledge. KTEI provides educational initiatives to its member population of 6,800+ people and to students in the surrounding area. Programs are offered to its eight-member First Nations:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Hyderabad", "paragraph_text": "Hyderabad is also home to a number of centres specialising in particular fields such as biomedical sciences, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, such as the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) and National Institute of Nutrition (NIN). Hyderabad has five major medical schools—Osmania Medical College, Gandhi Medical College, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences—and many affiliated teaching hospitals. The Government Nizamia Tibbi College is a college of Unani medicine. Hyderabad is also the headquarters of the Indian Heart Association, a non-profit foundation for cardiovascular education.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia", "paragraph_text": "\"1 Decembrie 1918\" University, Alba Iulia is a public higher education and research institution founded in 1991 in Alba Iulia, Romania. It is a state institution, integrated into the national higher education system, which functions based on the Romanian Constitution, the Law of Education, the University Charter and its own regulations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Gandhinagar district", "paragraph_text": "Gandhinagar has many educational institutions like Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of ICT, EDI, Indian Plasma Research Institute, and Gujarat Law University. Gandhinagar's Education level is highest in Gujarat, 87.11% all over the Gujarat, therefore Gandhinagar is most popular City & Called \"THE HEART\" Of Gujarat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ille Gebeshuber", "paragraph_text": "Ille Gebeshuber studied at the Vienna University of Technology, where she continued to work as a key researcher and lecturer. From 2009 until 2015 she was a professor at the Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN) at the National University of Malaysia (UKM). Since 2016 she is back at her home institution, the Vienna University of Technology, at the Institute of Applied Physics. Her book \"Wo die Maschinen wachsen: Wie Lösungen aus dem Dschungel unser Leben verändern werden\" (Where the machines grow: How solutions from the jungle will change our lives) was shortlisted as Austrian Science Book of the Year 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sławomir Sierakowski", "paragraph_text": "He studied sociology, philosophy, economics at the College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in the Humanities, Warsaw University, and worked under the direction of Ulrich Beck at the University of Munich. He was awarded scholarships from the Collegium Invisibile, Ministry of Education, Warsaw, the Goethe Institute and the German Foundation GFPS and DAAD, and the U.S. The German Marshall Fund, and Open Society Institute. He also participated in study visits to Paris at the invitation of the Government of France, and to the United States at the invitation of the American Jewish Committee and the Forum for Dialogue Among Nations, and has been visiting fellow at universities and scientific centres in Europe and the United States, including Princeton University, Yale University, Harvard University and the Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen in Vienna.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "German Development Institute", "paragraph_text": "Since its founding in 1964, the German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) has based its work on the interplay between Research, Consulting and Training. These three areas complement each other and are the factors responsible for the Institute’s distinctive profile.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Albert Zahn House", "paragraph_text": "The Albert Zahn House is located in Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Rajasthan", "paragraph_text": "In Rajasthan, Jodhpur and Kota are two major educational hubs. Kota is known for its quality education in preparation of various competitive exams, coaching for medical and engineering exams while Jodhpur is home to many higher educational institutions like IIT, AIIMS, National Law University, Sardar Patel Police University, National institute of Fashion Technology, MBM Engineering College etc. Kota is popularly referred to as, \"coaching capital of India\". Other major educational institutions are Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, IIM Udaipur r and LNMIIT. Rajasthan has nine universities and more than 250 colleges, 55,000 primary and 7,400 secondary schools. There are 41 engineering colleges with an annual enrollment of about 11,500 students. Apart from above there 41 Private universities like Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur,Manipal University Jaipur, OPJS University, Churu, Mody University of Technology and Science Lakshmangarh (Women's University, Sikar), RNB Global University, Bikaner. The state has 23 polytechnic colleges and 152 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) that impart vocational training.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Nigamananda Bidyapitha", "paragraph_text": "Nigamananda Bidyapitha(निगमानंद बिद्यापिठ) is an educational institution established in 1963 in Daulatabad, India. The place is near to Choudwar Municipal area and adjacent to Cuttack City. It is in the state of Orissa, India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Montevideo", "paragraph_text": "The Montevideo Crandon Institute is an American School of missionary origin and the main Methodist educational institution in Uruguay. Founded in 1879 and supported by the Women's Society of the Methodist Church of the United States, it is one of the most traditional and emblematic institutions in the city inculcating John Wesley's values. Its alumni include presidents, senators, ambassadors and Nobel Prize winners, along with musicians, scientists, and others. The Montevideo Crandon Institute boasts of being the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration", "paragraph_text": "National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration was established in the year 1962 as UNESCO Asian Centre for Educational Planners, Administrators and Supervisors which later became the Asian Institute of Educational Planning and Administration in 1965, which was later converted into the National Staff College for Educational Planners and Administrators in 1973, which was again rechristened as National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA) in the year 1979. In 2006, NIEPA was given the status of a Deemed to be University", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Education in the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). DepEd is responsible for the K -- 12 basic education; it exercises full and exclusive control over public schools and nominal regulation over private schools, and it also enforces the national curriculum that has been put in place since 2013. CHED and TESDA, on the other hand, are responsible for higher education; CHED regulates the academically - oriented universities and colleges while TESDA oversees the development of technical and vocational education institutions and programs in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Place the Face", "paragraph_text": "Place the Face is an American game show that aired on CBS and NBC from 1953 to 1955. The series was hosted by Jack Smith, Jack Bailey, and then Bill Cullen. Jack Narz was the announcer.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 146310, "question": "In what place did Bailey Gatzert die?", "answer": "Seattle", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 16121, "question": "What educational institution is at home in #1 ?", "answer": "University of Washington", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, after the American Civil War had begun. Delegates from some Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia, although they included many secessionist counties in the new state. West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, and was a key border state during the war. West Virginia was the only state to form by separating from a Confederate state, the first to separate from any state since Maine separated from Massachusetts, and was one of two states admitted to the Union during the American Civil War (the other being Nevada). While a portion of its residents held slaves, most of the residents were yeomen farmers, and the delegates provided for gradual abolition of slavery in the new state constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Preamble to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The Preamble was placed in the Constitution during the last days of the Constitutional Convention by the Committee on Style, which wrote its final draft, with Gouverneur Morris leading the effort. It was not proposed or discussed on the floor of the convention beforehand. The initial wording of the preamble did not refer to the people of the United States, rather, it referred to people of the various states, which was the norm. In earlier documents, including the 1778 Treaty of Alliance with France, the Articles of Confederation, and the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognizing American independence, the word ``people ''was not used, and the phrase the United States was followed immediately by a listing of the states, from north to south. The change was made out of necessity, as the Constitution provided that whenever the popularly elected ratifying conventions of nine states gave their approval, it would go into effect for those nine, irrespective of whether any of the remaining states ratified.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)", "paragraph_text": "In September 1786, at the Annapolis Convention, delegates from five states called for a Constitutional Convention in order to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation. The subsequent Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia, convening in the Old Pennsylvania State House (then becoming known as Independence Hall) on May 14, 1787. Rhode Island, fearing that the Convention would work to its disadvantage, boycotted the Convention and, when the Constitution was put to the states during the next year of controversial debates, initially refused to ratify it, waiting until May 1790 to become the thirteenth, a year after the new federal government commenced.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)", "paragraph_text": "In September 1786, at the Annapolis Convention, delegates from five states called for a Constitutional Convention in order to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation. The Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia on May 14, 1787. Rhode Island, fearing that the Convention would work to its disadvantage, boycotted the Convention and, when the Constitution was put to the states, initially refused to ratify it.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "Montana is one of the nine Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Right-to-work law", "paragraph_text": "Alabama (adopted 1953, Constitution 2016) Arizona (Constitution, State Constitution Article 25 approved 1946) (adopted 1944) Arkansas (Constitution, 1947, Amendment 34) Florida (Constitution, 1944, revised 1968, Article 1, Section 6) Georgia (adopted 1947) Idaho (adopted 1985) Indiana (State law, 2012) Iowa (adopted 1947) Kansas (Constitution, 1958, Article 15, Section 12) Kentucky (adopted 2017) Louisiana (adopted 1976) Michigan (State law, 2012) Mississippi (Constitution, adopted 1954) Missouri (adopted 2017) (Postponed by petition to 2018 for citizen voting) Nebraska (Constitution and statute, adopted 1946) Nevada (adopted 1951) North Carolina (adopted 1947) North Dakota (adopted 1947) Oklahoma (Constitution, adopted 2001) South Carolina (adopted 1954) South Dakota (adopted 1946) Tennessee (adopted 1947) Texas (adopted 1947, revised 1993) Utah (adopted 1955) Virginia (adopted 1947) West Virginia (adopted 2016) (Went into effect September 2017 due to lower court injunctions) Wisconsin (adopted 2015) Wyoming (adopted 1963)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled to one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all Representatives have been directly elected. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. As of the 2010 Census, the largest delegation is that of California, with fifty - three representatives. Seven states have the smallest delegation possible, a single representative: Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled to one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all Representatives have been directly elected. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. As of the 2010 Census, the largest delegation is that of California, with fifty - three representatives. Seven states have the smallest delegation possible, a single representative: Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Eckelson, North Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Eckelson is an unincorporated community in Barnes County, North Dakota, United States. Eckelson is west of Sanborn and north of Interstate 94, which has an exit serving Eckelson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of representatives who sit in congressional districts which are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all representatives are directly elected. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. As of the 2010 Census, the largest delegation is that of California, with fifty - three representatives; seven states have the smallest delegation possible, a single representative: Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ray Holmberg", "paragraph_text": "Raymond E. Holmberg (born December 10, 1943) is an American politician in the state of North Dakota. He is a member of the North Dakota State Senate, representing the 17th district. A Republican, he was first elected in 1977. He holds a bachelor's and master's degree in sciences from the University of North Dakota.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Cando Municipal Airport", "paragraph_text": "Cando Municipal Airport is a public airport located one mile (1.6 km) west of the central business district of Cando, North Dakota, in Towner County, North Dakota, United States. It is owned by the Cando Airport Authority.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "North Dakota", "paragraph_text": "North Dakota is in the U.S. region known as the Great Plains. The state shares the Red River of the North with Minnesota to the east. South Dakota is to the south, Montana is to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba are to the north. North Dakota is situated near the middle of North America with a stone marker in Rugby, North Dakota marking the ``Geographic Center of the North American Continent ''. With an area of 70,762 square miles (183,273 km), North Dakota is the 19th largest state.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "SoDak Con", "paragraph_text": "SoDak Con formerly called SoDak Anime Convention, is an annual three-day anime convention held during May/June at the Rushmore Plaza Civic Center in Rapid City, South Dakota. The name of the convention comes from the state that the convention is located in, South Dakota.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Montana statehood until 1889. Congress approved Montana statehood in February 1889 and President Grover Cleveland signed an omnibus bill granting statehood to Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington once the appropriate state constitutions were crafted. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution acceptable by the people and the federal government. On November 8, 1889 President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the forty-first state in the union. The first state governor was Joseph K. Toole. In the 1880s, Helena (the current state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Menards", "paragraph_text": "The privately held company, headquartered in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, has approximately 300 stores in 14 states: Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, South Dakota, North Dakota, Wyoming, and Kentucky. It is the third largest home improvement chain in the United States, behind The Home Depot and Lowe's.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "United States Virgin Islands", "paragraph_text": "Previously the Danish West Indies of the Kingdom of Denmark -- Norway, they were sold to the United States by Denmark in the Treaty of the Danish West Indies of 1916. They are classified by the U.N. as a Non-Self - Governing Territory, and are currently an organized, unincorporated United States territory. The U.S. Virgin Islands are organized under the 1954 Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands and have since held five constitutional conventions. The last and only proposed Constitution, adopted by the Fifth Constitutional Convention of the U.S. Virgin Islands in 2009, was rejected by the U.S. Congress in 2010, which urged the convention to reconvene to address the concerns Congress and the Obama Administration had with the proposed document. The Fifth Constitutional Convention of the U.S. Virgin Islands met in October 2012 to address these concerns, but was not able to produce a revised Constitution before its October 31 deadline.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The following is a timeline of the drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution. The drafting of the Constitution began on May 25, 1787, when the Constitutional Convention met for the first time with a quorum at the Pennsylvania State House (now Independence Hall) in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation, and ended on September 17, 1787, the day the Constitution drafted by the convention's delegates to replace the Articles was adopted and signed. The ratification process for the Constitution began that day, and ended when the final state, Rhode Island, ratified it on May 29, 1790. In addition to key events during the Constitutional Convention and afterward while the Constitution was before the states for their ratification, this timeline includes important events that occurred during the run - up to the convention and during the nation's transition from government under the Articles of Confederation to government under the Constitution, and concludes with the unique ratification vote of Vermont, which at the time was a sovereign state outside the Union. The time span covered is 5 years, 9 months, from March 25, 1785 to January 10, 1791.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The drafting of the Constitution of the United States began on May 25, 1787, when the Constitutional Convention met for the first time with a quorum at the Pennsylvania State House (now Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to revise the Articles of Confederation, and ended on September 17, 1787, the day the Constitution drafted by the convention's delegates to replace the Articles was adopted and signed. The ratification process for the Constitution began that day, and ended when the final state, Rhode Island, ratified it on May 29, 1790. In addition to key events during the Constitutional Convention and afterward while the Constitution was before the states for their ratification, this timeline includes important events that occurred during the run - up to the convention and during the nation's transition from government under the Articles of Confederation to government under the Constitution, and concludes with the unique ratification vote of Vermont, which at the time was a sovereign state outside the Union. The time span covered is 5 years, 9 months, from March 25, 1785 to January 10, 1791.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Menards", "paragraph_text": "The privately held company, headquartered in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, has 350 stores in 14 states: Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, South Dakota, North Dakota, Wyoming, and Kentucky. It is the third largest home improvement chain in the United States, behind The Home Depot and Lowe's.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 57679, "question": "what state is directly west of north dakota", "answer": "Montana", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 39617, "question": "When was the first constitutional convention held in #1 ?", "answer": "1866", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Nativity Cathedral, Riga", "paragraph_text": "The Nativity of Christ Cathedral (, ), Riga, Latvia was built to a design by Nikolai Chagin and Robert Pflug in a Neo-Byzantine style between 1876 and 1883, with decorations made by the firm of August Volz, during the period when the country was part of the Russian Empire. It is the largest Orthodox cathedral in the Baltic provinces built with the blessing of the Russian Tsar Alexander II on the initiative of local governor-general Pyotr Bagration and bishop Veniamin Karelin. The Nativity of Christ Cathedral is renowned for its icons, some of which were painted by Vasili Vereshchagin. During the First World War German troops occupied Riga and turned its largest Russian Orthodox cathedral into a Lutheran church. In independent Latvia, the Nativity of Christ Cathedral once again became an Orthodox cathedral in 1921. Archbishop Jānis Pommers, a native Latvian, played a key part in the defence of the cathedral, including defence from the Latvian government which was extremely unfriendly to Orthodox Church in the first years of an independent Latvia. In the early 1960s, Soviet authorities closed down the cathedral and converted its building into a planetarium. The cathedral has been restored since Latvia regained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Skonto Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Skonto Stadium () is a football stadium in Riga, Latvia. The stadium has 9,500 seats and was built in 2000. It is the biggest football stadium in Latvia, and Is also home to the National Latvian team.Riga FC usually have an average attendance of 500. The stadium design incorporates Skonto Hall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Electric motor", "paragraph_text": "Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Railway electrification system", "paragraph_text": "There has, however, been interest among railroad operators in returning to DC use at higher voltages than previously used. At the same voltage, DC often has less loss than AC, and for this reason high-voltage direct current is already used on some bulk power transmission lines. DC avoids the electromagnetic radiation inherent with AC, and on a railway this also reduces interference with signalling and communications and mitigates hypothetical EMF risks. DC also avoids the power factor problems of AC. Of particular interest to railroading is that DC can supply constant power with a single ungrounded wire. Constant power with AC requires three-phase transmission with at least two ungrounded wires. Another important consideration is that mains-frequency 3-phase AC must be carefully planned to avoid unbalanced phase loads. Parts of the system are supplied from different phases on the assumption that the total loads of the 3 phases will even out. At the phase break points between regions supplied from different phases, long insulated supply breaks are required to avoid them being shorted by rolling stock using more than one pantograph at a time. A few railroads have tried 3-phase but its substantial complexity has made single-phase standard practice despite the interruption in power flow that occurs twice every cycle. An experimental 6 kV DC railway was built in the Soviet Union.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Defenders of Riga", "paragraph_text": "The outdoor scenes of the film were shot at the Cinevilla backlot in Tukums, Latvia, a backlot built especially for \"Defenders of Riga\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Railway electrification system", "paragraph_text": "Railways must operate at variable speeds. Until the mid 1980s this was only practical with the brush-type DC motor, although such DC can be supplied from an AC catenary via on-board electric power conversion. Since such conversion was not well developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century, most early electrified railways used DC and many still do, particularly rapid transit (subways) and trams. Speed was controlled by connecting the traction motors in various series-parallel combinations, by varying the traction motors' fields, and by inserting and removing starting resistances to limit motor current.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Kilburn High Road railway station", "paragraph_text": "Kilburn High Road railway station is a London Overground station on the London Euston to Watford DC Line near the south end of the Kilburn High Road, London NW6 in the London Borough of Camden.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Anatols Dinbergs", "paragraph_text": "Anatols Dinbergs (born Riga, March 3, 1911, died Washington, D.C., November 9, 1993) was one of the preeminent career diplomats of Latvia. He entered service in Latvia's Foreign Ministry in 1932. Dinbergs remained abroad when the Soviet Union occupied Latvia, serving in the Latvian Legation in Washington, D.C., after World War II ended. Dinbergs assumed the highest diplomatic post, that of \"chargé d'affaires\", in 1970 and represented Latvia's sovereign interests in exile until Latvia reestablished its independence in 1991. As head of the Latvian diplomatic service abroad, Dinbergs was appointed Latvia's first ambassador to the United Nations and subsequently Latvia's first ambassador to the United States. After retirement, he served as Counselor to the Latvian Embassy in Washington, D.C., until his death in 1993.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Keadby railway station", "paragraph_text": "The original Keadby railway station was the eastern-most terminus of the South Yorkshire Railway. The railway, which was extended from Thorne and opened in September 1859 was built without an Act of Parliament, as the railway company owned the canal alongside which they built the line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "History of Latvia", "paragraph_text": "The First Latvian National Awakening began in the 1850s and continued to bear fruit after World War I when, after two years of struggle in the Latvian War of Independence, Latvia finally won sovereign independence, as recognised by Soviet Russia in 1920 and by the international community in 1921. The Constitution of Latvia was adopted in 1922. Political instability and effects of the Great Depression led to the May 15, 1934 coup d'état by Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis. Latvia's independence was interrupted in June -- July 1940, when the country was occupied and incorporated into the Soviet Union. In 1941 it was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany, then reconquered by the Soviets in 1944 -- 45.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "GER Class 127", "paragraph_text": "The GER Class 127 was a class of a solitary experimental 0-6-0 compound steam locomotive built by the Great Eastern Railway at its Stratford Works in 1888. It was rebuilt as a simple locomotive in 1895, and withdrawn in 1913.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "VHF Records", "paragraph_text": "VHF Records is an American record label, known for their extensive work with several major experimental artists. The label is based in the Washington, DC suburb of Fairfax, Va., and it initially focused on indie and experimental bands from that region. The label has since branched out to release innovative and offbeat music from around the world, although Northern Virginia artists are still prominently featured in the catalog.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Baldone Manor", "paragraph_text": "Baldone Manor, also called Baldone White Palace, is a manor house in the historical region of Zemgale, in Latvia. It was built in 1901 as a hunting lodge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Steam engine", "paragraph_text": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom and, on 21 February 1804, the world's first railway journey took place as Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway from the Pen-y-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales. The design incorporated a number of important innovations that included using high-pressure steam which reduced the weight of the engine and increased its efficiency. Trevithick visited the Newcastle area later in 1804 and the colliery railways in north-east England became the leading centre for experimentation and development of steam locomotives.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Zvārtava Manor", "paragraph_text": "Zvārtava Manor (; ) is a manor house in the historical region of Vidzeme, northern Latvia. It was built in 1881 in Tudor Neo-Gothic style.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "paragraph_text": "Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Latvian Railway History Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Latvian Railway History Museum is a railway museum in Riga, Latvia. It was established on August 30, 1994 and contains more than a thousand items, documents and photographs related to railway communications and signalling equipment, tools and instruments, uniforms and badges.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "LMS diesel shunter 7050", "paragraph_text": "LMS diesel shunter 7050 is an experimental 0-4-0 diesel-mechanical shunting locomotive, introduced by the London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMSR) in 1934 and which remained in service with that railway for six years. It was later acquired for military use and is now preserved at the National Railway Museum.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Finedon railway station", "paragraph_text": "Finedon railway station was built by the Midland Railway in 1857 on its extension from Leicester to Bedford and Hitchin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Rēzekne", "paragraph_text": "Rēzekne (Latgalian \"Rēzekne\" or \"Rēzne\" , ; see other names) is a city in the Rēzekne River valley in Latgale region of eastern Latvia. It is called \"The Heart of Latgale\" (Latvian \"Latgales sirds\", Latgalian \"Latgolys sirds\"). Built on seven hills, Rēzekne is situated east of Riga, and west of the Latvian-Russian border, at the intersection of the Moscow – Ventspils and Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railways. It has a population of 31,216 (2016) making it the 7th largest city in Latvia.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 32290, "question": "Where was an experimental 6kV DC railway built?", "answer": "the Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 69323, "question": "when did latvia gain independence from #1", "answer": "1920", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area", "paragraph_text": "The UNESCO World Heritage Site Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area includes a variety of buildings found in Hōryū-ji and Hokki-ji in Ikaruga, Nara Prefecture, Japan. These buildings were designated in 1993 along with the surrounding landscape, under several criteria. The structures inscribed are some of the oldest extant wooden buildings in the world, dating from the 7th to 8th centuries. Many of the monuments are also National Treasures of Japan, and reflect an important age of Buddhist influence in Japan. The structures include 21 buildings in the Hōryū-ji East Temple, 9 in the West Temple, 17 monasteries and other buildings, and the pagoda in Hokki-ji.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Newton's cradle", "paragraph_text": "Newton's cradle is a device that demonstrates conservation of momentum and energy using a series of swinging spheres. When one sphere at the end is lifted and released, it strikes the stationary spheres, transmitting a force through the stationary spheres that pushes the last sphere upward. The last sphere swings back and strikes the still nearly stationary spheres, repeating the effect in the opposite direction. The device is named after 17th-century English scientist Sir Isaac Newton. It is also known as Newton's Balls or Executive Ball Clicker.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Prime meridian", "paragraph_text": "A prime meridian is a meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0 °. Together, a prime meridian and its antimeridian (the 180th meridian in a 360 ° - system) form a great circle. This great circle divides the sphere, e.g., Earth, into two hemispheres. If one uses directions of East and West from a defined prime meridian, then they can be called the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Traces of Love", "paragraph_text": "Traces of Love is a 2006 South Korean film directed by Kim Dae-seung, and starring Yoo Ji-tae, Kim Ji-soo, and Uhm Ji-won. The film is based on the Sampoong Department Store collapse, which took place in 1995.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "Scholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD. \"Hellenistic\" is distinguished from \"Hellenic\" in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence, while the latter refers to Greece itself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Roche lobe", "paragraph_text": "The Roche lobe is different from the Roche sphere which approximates the gravitational sphere of influence of one astronomical body in the face of perturbations from another heavier body around which it orbits. It is different from the Roche limit which is the distance at which an object held together only by gravity begins to break up due to tidal forces. The Roche lobe, Roche limit and Roche sphere are named after the French astronomer Édouard Roche.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "paragraph_text": "The Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain extending 600 kilometres (370 mi) across Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, which had been forcibly reincorporated into the Soviet Union in 1944. The colossal demonstration marked the 50th anniversary of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact that divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence and led to the occupation of the Baltic states in 1940.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Han dynasty", "paragraph_text": "When Empress Dowager Deng died, Emperor An (r. 106–125 AD) was convinced by the accusations of the eunuchs Li Run (李閏) and Jiang Jing (江京) that Deng and her family had planned to depose him. An dismissed Deng's clan members from office, exiled them and forced many to commit suicide. After An's death, his wife, Empress Dowager Yan (d. 126 AD) placed the child Marquess of Beixiang on the throne in an attempt to retain power within her family. However, palace eunuch Sun Cheng (d. 132 AD) masterminded a successful overthrow of her regime to enthrone Emperor Shun of Han (r. 125–144 AD). Yan was placed under house arrest, her relatives were either killed or exiled, and her eunuch allies were slaughtered. The regent Liang Ji (d. 159 AD), brother of Empress Liang Na (d. 150 AD), had the brother-in-law of Consort Deng Mengnü (later empress) (d. 165 AD) killed after Deng Mengnü resisted Liang Ji's attempts to control her. Afterward, Emperor Huan employed eunuchs to depose Liang Ji, who was then forced to commit suicide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "New Yam Festival of the Igbo", "paragraph_text": "The New Yam Festival of the Igbo people (Orureshi in the idoma area, Iwa ji, Iri ji or Ike ji, depending on dialect) is an annual cultural festival by the Igbo people held at the end of the rainy season in early August.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Southeast Asia", "paragraph_text": "The culture in Southeast Asia is very diverse: on mainland Southeast Asia, the culture is a mix of Indochinese (Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand) and Chinese (Singapore and Vietnam). While in Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia the culture is a mix of indigenous Austronesian, Indian, Islamic, Western, and Chinese cultures. Also Brunei shows a strong influence from Arabia. Singapore and Vietnam show more Chinese influence in that Singapore, although being geographically a Southeast Asian nation, is home to a large Chinese majority and Vietnam was in China's sphere of influence for much of its history. Indian influence in Singapore is only evident through the Tamil migrants, which influenced, to some extent, the cuisine of Singapore. Throughout Vietnam's history, it has had no direct influence from India - only through contact with the Thai, Khmer and Cham peoples.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Liang Ji", "paragraph_text": "Liang Ji (梁冀) (died 159), courtesy name Bozhuo (伯卓), was a politician and military commander of Han Dynasty China. As a powerful consort kin, he dominated government in the 150s together with his sister, Empress Liang Na. After his sister's death, Liang Ji was overthrown in a coup d'etat by Emperor Huan, with the support of the eunuch faction, in 159. The Liang clan and the clan of his wife, Sun Shou (孫壽), were slaughtered.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sphere of influence", "paragraph_text": "An example of spheres of influence was China in the late 19th and early 20th Century, when Britain, France, Germany, and Russia (later replaced by Japan) had de facto control over large swaths of territory. These were taken by unequal treaties or as very long term ``leases ''. These powers (and the United States) might have their own courts, post offices, commercial institutions, railroads, and gunboats in what was on paper Chinese territory. However, the foreign powers and their influence in some cases could have been exaggerated. The system ended with the Second World War.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", "paragraph_text": "Most notably, there was also a secret protocol to the pact, revealed only after Germany's defeat in 1945, although hints about its provisions were leaked much earlier, e.g., to influence Lithuania. According to said protocol Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland were divided into German and Soviet \"spheres of influence\". In the north, Finland, Estonia and Latvia were assigned to the Soviet sphere. Poland was to be partitioned in the event of its \"political rearrangement\"—the areas east of the Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers going to the Soviet Union while Germany would occupy the west. Lithuania, adjacent to East Prussia, would be in the German sphere of influence, although a second secret protocol agreed to in September 1939 reassigned the majority of Lithuania to the USSR. According to the secret protocol, Lithuania would be granted the city of Vilnius – its historical capital, which was under Polish control during the inter-war period. Another clause of the treaty was that Germany would not interfere with the Soviet Union's actions towards Bessarabia, then part of Romania; as the result, Bessarabia was joined to the Moldovan ASSR, and become the Moldovan SSR under control of Moscow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", "paragraph_text": "The stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet \"spheres of influence\", anticipating potential \"territorial and political rearrangements\" of these countries. Thereafter, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. After the Soviet–Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September, Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and Salla region in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region). Concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and along with Mussolini's Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War. Following the Allied victory in the Second World War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain. The countries in Southeastern Europe were dominated by the Soviet Union and became communist states. The major non-communist Southern European countries joined a US-led military alliance (NATO) and formed the European Economic Community amongst themselves. The countries in the Soviet sphere of influence joined the military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact and the economic bloc called Comecon. Yugoslavia was neutal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Auvergne", "paragraph_text": "The region of Auvergne was named after the Arverni, one of the most powerful Gallic tribes. It was composed of the Gabali, the Vellavi, and the Cadurci, whose sphere of influence included the regions of Languedoc and Aquitaine. Vercingetorix was elected king in 52 BC. His father, Celtillos, his predecessor, had been killed by his companions who opposed Celtillos' goal of making the title hereditary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ji Ru", "paragraph_text": "Ji Ru () was a trusted personal servant of Emperor Gaozu, the founder of China's Han Dynasty. Louis Crompton claims that Ji Ru was Gaozu's pillow companion, or homosexual lover, and that Ji Ru had more access to the emperor than did ministers. Ji Ru was documented by Sima Qian in the \"Records of the Grand Historian\":", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Han dynasty", "paragraph_text": "After Cao's defeat at the naval Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 AD, China was divided into three spheres of influence, with Cao Cao dominating the north, Sun Quan (182–252 AD) dominating the south, and Liu Bei (161–223 AD) dominating the west. Cao Cao died in March 220 AD. By December his son Cao Pi (187–226 AD) had Emperor Xian relinquish the throne to him and is known posthumously as Emperor Wen of Wei. This formally ended the Han dynasty and initiated an age of conflict between three states: Cao Wei, Eastern Wu, and Shu Han.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Sport Club Ulbra Ji-Paraná", "paragraph_text": "Sport Club Ulbra Ji-Paraná, or Ulbra Ji-Paraná as they are usually called, were a Brazilian football team from Ji-Paraná in Rondônia state, founded on April 1, 2005. Their home stadium was the Biancão, which has a maximum capacity of 4,400 people. They played in red and white colors. Ulbra Ji-Paraná competed in the Série C and in the Copa do Brasil.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Emperor Yuan of Liang", "paragraph_text": "Emperor Yuan of Liang () (16 September 508 – 27 January 555), personal name Xiao Yi (蕭繹), courtesy name Shicheng (世誠), nickname Qifu (七符), was an emperor of the Chinese Liang Dynasty. After his father Emperor Wu and brother Emperor Jianwen were successively taken hostage and controlled by the rebel general Hou Jing, Xiao Yi was largely viewed as the \"de facto\" leader of Liang, and after defeating Hou in 552 declared himself emperor. In 554, after offending Yuwen Tai, the paramount general of rival Western Wei, Western Wei forces descended on and captured his capital Jiangling (江陵, in modern Jingzhou, Hubei), executing him and instead declaring his nephew Xiao Cha (Emperor Xuan) the Emperor of Liang.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 104531, "question": "Which country was Liang Ji in?", "answer": "China", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 44497, "question": "when was #1 divided into spheres of influence", "answer": "in the late 19th and early 20th Century", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of NCAA major college football yearly rushing leaders", "paragraph_text": "Since 1937, the single - season rushing record has been broken eight times, by Rudy Mobley in 1942 (1,281 yards), Fred Wendt in 1948 (1,570 yards), O.J. Simpson in 1968 (1,880 yards), Ed Marinaro in 1971 (1,881 yards), Ricky Bell in 1975 (1,957 yards), Tony Dorsett in 1976 (2,150 yards), Marcus Allen in 1981 (2,427 yards), and Barry Sanders in 1988 (2,628 yards).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Rhône-Alpes", "paragraph_text": "Rhône-Alpes (; Arpitan: \"\"; ; ) was an administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the Rhône and the Alps mountain range. Its capital, Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris. Rhône-Alpes has the sixth-largest economy of any European region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Roy Harrisville", "paragraph_text": "Harrisville was educated at Luther Theological Seminary (in Saint Paul, Minnesota), Princeton University, and the University of Tübingen in Germany. He served as a pastor in Mason City, Iowa before joining the faculty of Luther Theological Seminary as professor of New Testament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Midwestern United States", "paragraph_text": "The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four geographic regions defined by the United States Census Bureau. It occupies the northern central part of the United States of America. It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984. It is located between the Northeastern U.S. and the Western U.S., with Canada to its north and the Southern U.S. to its south.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Najran Region", "paragraph_text": "Najran (Arabic: نجران‎ Najrān) is a region of Saudi Arabia, located in the south of the country along the border with Yemen. It has an area of 149,511 km². Its capital is Najran.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Hulsey Yard", "paragraph_text": "Hulsey Yard is a rail yard of the CSX railroad, stretching approximately along the border of the Old Fourth Ward, Inman Park, Cabbagetown and Reynoldstown neighborhoods of Atlanta. The south wall of the rail yard along Wylie Street in Reynoldstown is one of the most prominent locations for street art in Atlanta. The art is managed by the Wallkeepers Committee of the Cabbagetown Neighborhood Improvement Association,", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Martin Luther Christian University", "paragraph_text": "Martin Luther Christian University was established in July 2005. The university is named after Martin Luther (1483–1546), the father of reformation. MLCU is the first Christian University in India, that doesn't focus on theological training after more than two centuries of Christian education in the country. In a short span of years, the University has carved a niche for itself in the country for its commitment to providing quality learning and offering a conducive environment for quality academic pursuits. The creation and functioning of the university is in accordance with the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 under Section 2(f).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Surprise City", "paragraph_text": "Surprise City is a ghost town located in the Atlin Country Region of British Columbia. Surprise City is located on Otter Creek near the southwest end of Surprise Lake. Surprise City is also known as Otter Creek. The city existed to support the gold mining operations in the area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Xorazm Region", "paragraph_text": "Xorazm Region (Uzbek: Xorazm viloyati, Хоразм вилояти, خارەزم ۋىلايەتى) or Khorezm Region as it is still more commonly known, is a viloyat (region) of Uzbekistan located in the northwest of the country in the lower reaches of the Amu-Darya River. It borders with Turkmenistan, Karakalpakstan, and Bukhara Region. It covers an area of 6,464 square kilometres (2,496 sq mi). The population is estimated to be around 1,776,700, with some 80% living in rural areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Dornogovi Province", "paragraph_text": "Dornogovi (, \"East Gobi\") is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. It is located in the southeast of the country, bordering PR China's autonomous region of Inner Mongolia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Bedard Aspen Provincial Park", "paragraph_text": "Bedard Aspen Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located in the Cornwall Hills to the west of Cache Creek-Ashcroft in that province's Thompson Country region. The valley of Hat Creek is to its west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hero World Challenge", "paragraph_text": "Hero World Challenge Tournament information Location The Bahamas Established 2000 Course (s) Albany, New Providence (2015 -- 17) Isleworth Golf & Country Club (2014) Sherwood Country Club (Dec 2000 -- 13) Greyhawk Golf Club (Jan 2000) Par 72 Length 7,302 yards (6,677 m) Tour (s) PGA Tour (unofficial event) Format Stroke play Prize fund $3,500,000 Month played December Tournament record score Aggregate 262 Jordan Spieth (2014) To par − 26 Jordan Spieth (2014) Current champion Rickie Fowler", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Beaverdell", "paragraph_text": "Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region. It is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Tourism in Nepal", "paragraph_text": "Mount Everest, the highest mountain peak in the world, is located in Nepal. Mountaineering and other types of adventure tourism and ecotourism are important attractions for visitors. The world heritage site Lumbini, birthplace of Gautama Buddha, is located in the south of the West region of Nepal (which despite the name is located in the centre of the country) and there are other important religious pilgrimage sites throughout the country. The tourist industry is seen as a way to alleviate poverty and achieve greater social equity in the country. Tourism brings $471 ma year to Nepal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Mutiloa", "paragraph_text": "Mutiloa is a town and municipality located in the Goierri region of the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, northern Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Yard Creek Provincial Park", "paragraph_text": "Yard Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park located 15 kilometres east of Sicamous along the Trans-Canada Highway in British Columbia, Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Meringandan", "paragraph_text": "Meringandan is a small country locality in the Toowoomba Region on the Darling Downs in Queensland, Australia. The town is located near Highfields, NNW of Toowoomba. At the 2011 census, Meringandan had a population of 305.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "July Creek", "paragraph_text": "July Creek is a creek which is located in the Boundary Country region of British Columbia. The creek is west of Grand Forks and flows into the Kettle River. It was discovered around 1860. The creek was panned for gold.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Frank Luther", "paragraph_text": "Frank Luther (August 4, 1899 - November 16, 1980) was an American country music singer, dance band vocalist, playwright, songwriter and pianist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Elisabeth Luther", "paragraph_text": "Elisabeth Luther () was the first daughter and second child born to German priest and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther and his wife, Katharina von Bora. She did not survive infancy.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 129397, "question": "What state is Luther Yard located?", "answer": "Missouri", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 86976, "question": "what region of the country is #1 in", "answer": "Midwestern United States", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[ "Middle West", "Midwest" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Drinking water supply and sanitation in Egypt is characterised by both achievements and challenges. Among the achievements are an increase of piped water supply between 1990 and 2010 from 89% to 100% in urban areas and from 39% to 93% in rural areas despite rapid population growth, the elimination of open defecation in rural areas during the same period, and in general a relatively high level of investment in infrastructure. Access to an improved water source in Egypt is now practically universal with a rate of 99%. About one half of the population is connected to sanitary sewers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Water export", "paragraph_text": "Canada has 7% of the world's renewable supply of freshwater. Freshwater export between Canada and the US currently takes place at a small scale, mostly as bottled water exports. The bottled water industry exports water in containers usually no larger than twenty litres. But even that can be controversial - the multinational food giant Nestle was accused of attempting to ``drain ''the town of Hillsburgh, Ontario, of its water in 2012 and 2013, during a drought.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Diarrhea", "paragraph_text": "Given that water contamination is a major means of transmitting diarrheal disease, efforts to provide clean water supply and improved sanitation have the potential to dramatically cut the rate of disease incidence. In fact, it has been proposed that we might expect an 88% reduction in child mortality resulting from diarrheal disease as a result of improved water sanitation and hygiene. Similarly, a meta-analysis of numerous studies on improving water supply and sanitation shows a 22–27% reduction in disease incidence, and a 21–30% reduction in mortality rate associated with diarrheal disease.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Plumbing", "paragraph_text": "Present - day water - supply systems use a network of high - pressure pumps, and pipes in buildings are now made of copper, brass, plastic (particularly cross-linked polyethylene called PEX, which is estimated to be used in 60% of single - family homes), or other nontoxic material. Due to its toxicity, most cities moved away from lead water - supply piping by the 1920s in the United States, although lead pipes were approved by national plumbing codes into the 1980s, and lead was used in plumbing solder for drinking water until it was banned in 1986. Drain and vent lines are made of plastic, steel, cast - iron, or lead.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hyderabad", "paragraph_text": "The HMWSSB regulates rainwater harvesting, sewerage services and water supply, which is sourced from several dams located in the suburbs. In 2005, the HMWSSB started operating a 116-kilometre-long (72 mi) water supply pipeline from Nagarjuna Sagar Dam to meet increasing demand. The Telangana Southern Power Distribution Company Limited manages electricity supply. As of October 2014, there were 15 fire stations in the city, operated by the Telangana State Disaster and Fire Response Department. The government-owned India Post has five head post offices and many sub-post offices in Hyderabad, which are complemented by private courier services.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Power station", "paragraph_text": "In 1868 a hydro electric power station was designed and built by Lord Armstrong at Cragside, England. It used water from lakes on his estate to power Siemens dynamos. The electricity supplied power to lights, heating, produced hot water, ran an elevator as well as labor - saving devices and farm buildings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "Elsewhere, remnants of the medieval water supply system devised by the friars can still be seen today. Constructed in 1290, the system carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley) some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. The friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310 and passed on ownership of the water supply system itself in 1420. Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Blade Runner", "paragraph_text": "In 2019 Los Angeles, former police officer Rick Deckard is detained by officer Gaff, and brought to his former supervisor, Bryant. Deckard, whose job as a \"blade runner\" was to track down bioengineered beings known as replicants and \"retire\" (kill) them, is informed that four are on Earth illegally. Deckard starts to leave, but Bryant ambiguously threatens him, and he stays. The two watch a video of a blade runner named Holden administering the \"Voigt-Kampff\" test, which is designed to distinguish replicants from humans based on their emotional response to questions. The test subject, Leon, shoots Holden on the second question. Bryant wants Deckard to retire Leon and the other three Tyrell Corporation Nexus-6 replicants: Roy Batty, Zhora, and Pris.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Portsmouth Water", "paragraph_text": "Portsmouth Water is the utility company responsible for water supply and distribution in the City of Portsmouth, part of East Hampshire and part of West Sussex. Places served include Gosport, Fareham, Portsmouth, Havant, Chichester and Bognor Regis. The company is a private limited company with company number 2536455.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Father Brown (2013 TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The series is set during the early 1950s, in the fictional Cotswold village of Kembleford, where Father Brown, priest at St Mary's Catholic Church, solves murder cases. A bumbling police inspector, who often arrests the wrong suspect, gets annoyed by Father Brown's success.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Marshall Islands", "paragraph_text": "Population has outstripped the supply of freshwater, usually from rainfall. The northern atolls get 50 inches (1,300 mm) of rainfall annually; the southern atolls about twice that. The threat of drought is commonplace throughout the island chains.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Steam engine", "paragraph_text": "The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump to recycle or top up the boiler water, so that they may be run continuously. Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps; however, other types are used. Another means of supplying lower-pressure boiler feed water is an injector, which uses a steam jet usually supplied from the boiler. Injectors became popular in the 1850s but are no longer widely used, except in applications such as steam locomotives.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Trehörningen (Sjödalen)", "paragraph_text": "Trehörningen (Swedish: \"The Triangle\") is a small lake located in the municipality Huddinge in southern Stockholm, Sweden. As part of the Tyresån Lake System, Trehörningen receives water from Lake Gömmaren and supplies water to Lake Ågesta.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne's air quality is generally good and has improved significantly since the 1980s. Like many urban environments, the city faces significant environmental issues, many of them relating to the city's large urban footprint and urban sprawl and the demand for infrastructure and services. One such issue is water usage, drought and low rainfall. Drought in Victoria, low rainfalls and high temperatures deplete Melbourne water supplies and climate change may have a long-term impact on the water supplies of Melbourne. In response to low water supplies and low rainfall due to drought, the government implemented water restrictions and a range of other options including: water recycling schemes for the city, incentives for household water tanks, greywater systems, water consumption awareness initiatives, and other water saving and reuse initiatives; also, in June 2007, the Bracks Government announced that a $3.1 billion Wonthaggi desalination plant would be built on Victoria's south-east coast, capable of treating 150 billion litres of water per year, as well as a 70 km (43 mi) pipeline from the Goulburn area in Victoria's north to Melbourne and a new water pipeline linking Melbourne and Geelong. Both projects are being conducted under controversial Public-Private Partnerships and a multitude of independent reports have found that neither project is required to supply water to the city and that Sustainable Water Management is the best solution. In the meantime, the drought must be weathered.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Shoalhaven Scheme", "paragraph_text": "The Shoalhaven Scheme is a dual-purpose water supply and hydro-electric power generation scheme located on the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Cyprus", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus suffers from a chronic shortage of water. The country relies heavily on rain to provide household water, but in the past 30 years average yearly precipitation has decreased. Between 2001 and 2004, exceptionally heavy annual rainfall pushed water reserves up, with supply exceeding demand, allowing total storage in the island's reservoirs to rise to an all-time high by the start of 2005. However, since then demand has increased annually – a result of local population growth, foreigners moving to Cyprus and the number of visiting tourists – while supply has fallen as a result of more frequent droughts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Water fluoridation in Australia", "paragraph_text": "Fluoride was first added to the drinking water for the Victorian town of Bacchus Marsh in 1962, with Melbourne beginning fluoridation in 1977. The towns of Portland, Nhill, Port Fairy, Barnawartha, and Kaniva have naturally occurring fluoride in their drinking water. In August 2012 approximately 90% of the Victorian population had access to fluoridated water. The fluoridation of Victoria's drinking water supplies is regulated by the Health (Fluoridation) Act 1973, by the Department of Health.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Santa Monica, California", "paragraph_text": "An urban runoff facility (SMURFF), the first of its kind in the US, catches and treats 3.5 million US gallons (13,000 m3) of water each week that would otherwise flow into the bay via storm-drains and sells it back to end-users within the city for reuse as gray-water, while bio-swales throughout the city allow rainwater to percolate into and replenish the groundwater supply. The groundwater supply in turn plays an important role in the city's Sustainable Water Master Plan, whereby Santa Monica has set a goal of attaining 100% water independence by 2020. The city has numerous programs designed to promote water conservation among residents, including a rebate of $1.50 per square foot for those who convert water intensive lawns to more local drought-tolerant gardens that require less water.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Joseph Quick (engineer)", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Quick (6 November 1809 Chelsea, London – 30 March 1894 Clapham Park) was an English civil engineer who was closely involved in improvements to water supply in the great industrial cities of the nineteenth century. Both his father and his son (author of \"The Water Supply of the Metropolis\". London and New York: 1880) were also waterworks engineers by the name Joseph Quick.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Appleton Water Tower", "paragraph_text": "The Appleton Water Tower is a Victorian water tower located in Sandringham, Norfolk. It was constructed in 1877 to improve the quality of the water supply to the nearby Sandringham House and its estate. Accommodation was provided within the tower on the ground and first floors for the water tower custodian, whilst the second floor above the water tank provides a viewing platform. All floors are served by a spiral staircase adjoining the tower.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161529, "question": "Where was Deckard arrested?", "answer": "Los Angeles", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 72057, "question": "where does #1 get its water supply", "answer": "Owens River", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Martin Ridge", "paragraph_text": "Martin Ridge () is a broad ice-covered ridge bordering the west side of upper Moody Glacier in the Queen Alexandra Range, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Major Wilbur E. Martin, U.S.Army, who was in charge of trail operations during U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze, 1963.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Self-defense (United States)", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, self-defense is an affirmative defense that is used to justify the use of force by one person against another person under specific circumstances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Antelope Wells, New Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Antelope Wells is a small unincorporated community in Hidalgo County, New Mexico, United States. The community is located along the Mexico – United States border, in the New Mexico Bootheel region, located across the border from the small settlement of El Berrendo, Chihuahua, Mexico. Despite its name, there are neither antelope nor wells in the area. The name comes from an old ranch, located north of the current community. The only inhabitants of the community are United States Customs and Border Protection employees.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Arsenal F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and \"boring\" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s; many comedians, such as Eric Morecambe, made jokes about this at the team's expense. The theme was repeated in the 1997 film The Full Monty, in a scene where the lead actors move in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine. Another film reference to the club's defence comes in the film Plunkett & Macleane, in which two characters are named Dixon and Winterburn after Arsenal's long-serving full backs – the right-sided Lee Dixon and the left-sided Nigel Winterburn.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Martin (name)", "paragraph_text": "Martin Statue of Marte (Mars) Pronunciation English: / ˈmɑːrtɪn, - tən / Czech: (ˈmarcɪn) Finnish: (ˈmɑrtin) French: (maʁtɛ̃) German: (ˈmaɐ̯tiːn) Norwegian: (ˈmɑʈːɪn) Serbo - Croatian: (mǎrtin) Spanish: (maɾˈtin) Swedish: (ˈmaʈːɪn) Gender Male Origin Word / name Latin Meaning ``Of Mars, warlike, warrior ''Region of origin Roman Empire Other names Related names Martyn, Martti, Morten, Marten, Maarten, Marta, Mark (can also be used as a nickname), Martino, Martina", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Another Suitcase in Another Hall", "paragraph_text": "``Another Suitcase in Another Hall ''is a song recorded by Scottish singer Barbara Dickson, for the 1976 concept album, Evita, the basis of the musical of the same name. The musical was based on the life of Argentinian leader Eva Perón. Written by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber, the song is presented during a sequence where Eva throws out her husband's mistress on the streets. The latter sings the track, wondering about her future and coming to the conclusion that she would be fine. Dickson was enlisted by the songwriters to record the track after hearing her previous work.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "England", "paragraph_text": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five - eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller named islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Eberly Hall", "paragraph_text": "Eberly Hall is an academic building on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Designed by architect Benno Janssen and dedicated in 1921, Eberly Hall was originally named Alumni Hall, and is still sometimes referred to as \"Old Alumni Hall\" (Alumni Hall is now the name of another University Building).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sea of Japan naming dispute", "paragraph_text": "A dispute exists over the international name for the body of water which is bordered by Japan, Korea (North and South) and Russia. In 1992, objections to the name Sea of Japan were first raised by North Korea and South Korea at the Sixth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names. The Japanese government supports the exclusive use of the name ``Sea of Japan ''(日本海), while South Korea supports the alternative name`` East Sea'' (Hangul: 동해; Hanja: 東海), and North Korea supports the name ``Korean East Sea ''(Chosŏn'gŭl: 조선동해; Hancha: 朝鮮東海). Currently, most international maps and documents use either the name Sea of Japan (or equivalent translation) exclusively, and far fewer maps include both the name Sea of Japan and East Sea, often with East Sea listed in parentheses or otherwise marked as a secondary name. The International Hydrographic Organization, the international governing body for the naming of bodies of water around the world, in 2012 decided not to change the current single name`` Sea of Japan'' rejecting South Korea's request to use ``East Sea ''together with`` Sea of Japan''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "The names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. Although the Greeks call the country Hellas or Ellada (Greek: Ἑλλάς or Ελλάδα) and its official name is the Hellenic Republic, in English it is referred to as Greece, which comes from the Latin term Graecia as used by the Romans, which literally means 'the land of the Greeks', and derives from the Greek name Γραικός. However, the name Hellas is sometimes used in English as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Madikwe Game Reserve", "paragraph_text": "The Madikwe Game Reserve is a protected area in South Africa, part of the latest park developments in the country. Named after the Madikwe or Marico River, on whose basin it is located, it was opened in 1991 and comprises 750 km² of bushland north of the small town Groot-Marico up to the Botswana border.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "GBU-10 Paveway II", "paragraph_text": "GBU-10 bombs (along with the balance of the Paveway series) are produced by defense contractors Lockheed Martin and Raytheon. Raytheon began production after purchasing the product line from Texas Instruments. Lockheed Martin was awarded a contract to compete with Raytheon when there was a break in production caused by transferring manufacturing out of Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Laubeuf Fjord", "paragraph_text": "Laubeuf Fjord is a sound in Antarctica, long in a north-south direction and averaging wide, lying between the east-central portion of Adelaide Island and the southern part of Arrowsmith Peninsula, Graham Land. It connects Hanusse Bay to the north with Marguerite Bay to the south. The southern 'border' between Laubeuf Fjord and Marguerite Bay is formed by the line between Rothera Point, Adelaide Island, and Cape Sáenz, which is the southernmost point of the Arrowsmith Peninsula. The fjord was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for Maxime Laubeuf, a French marine engineer who supervised building the engine for the ship \"Pourquoi-Pas\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Packet switching", "paragraph_text": "Starting in the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation, funded by the US Department of Defense. This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth, largely fortified by the development of telecommunications in the Bell System. The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s. Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe in the decade following, including the incorporation of the concept in the early ARPANET in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "In about 260 AD, the fall of the Agri Decumates territory north of the Rhine transformed today's Switzerland into a frontier land of the Empire. Repeated raids by the Alamanni tribes provoked the ruin of the Roman towns and economy, forcing the population to find shelter near Roman fortresses, like the Castrum Rauracense near Augusta Raurica. The Empire built another line of defense at the north border (the so-called Donau-Iller-Rhine-Limes), but at the end of the fourth century the increased Germanic pressure forced the Romans to abandon the linear defence concept, and the Swiss plateau was finally open to the settlement of German tribes.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Batar railway station", "paragraph_text": "Batar was the name of a railway station on the North Coast railway line on the North Coast of New South Wales, Australia. The station, named for the nearby Batar Creek, existed at the site between 1941 and 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Transocean Air Lines", "paragraph_text": "Transocean Air Lines was an Oakland, California-based airline that operated from 1946 until 1960. The Transocean name was also used in 1989 by another US-based air carrier, TransOcean Airways, which previously operated as Gulf Air Transport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Graham Land", "paragraph_text": "Graham Land is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula that lies north of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz. This description of Graham Land is consistent with the 1964 agreement between the British Antarctic Place-names Committee and the US Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names, in which the name \"Antarctic Peninsula\" was approved for the major peninsula of Antarctica, and the names Graham Land and Palmer Land for the northern and southern portions, respectively. The line dividing them is roughly 69 degrees south.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "North–South railway (Vietnam)", "paragraph_text": "The North–South railway (, ) is the principal railway line serving the country of Vietnam. It is a single-track metre gauge line connecting the capital Hanoi in the north to Ho Chi Minh City in the south, for a total length of . Trains travelling this line are sometimes referred to as the Reunification Express (referring to the Reunification of Vietnam), although no particular train carries this name officially. The line was established during French colonial rule, and was completed over a period of nearly forty years, from 1899 to 1936. As of 2005, there were 278 stations on the Vietnamese railway network, of which 191 were located along the North–South line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Scud", "paragraph_text": "Scud is the name of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was exported widely to both Second and Third World countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies. The Russian names for the missile are the R-11 (the first version), and the R-17 (later R-300) Elbrus (later developments). The name Scud has been widely used to refer to these missiles and the wide variety of derivative variants developed in other countries based on the Soviet design.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 48966, "question": "what country does the name martin come from", "answer": "Roman Empire", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 22303, "question": "What was the name of the concept used by #1 when building another line of defense at the north border?", "answer": "the linear defence concept", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Nero Burning ROM", "paragraph_text": "Nero Burning ROM is a pun in reference to Roman Emperor Nero, who was best known for his association in the Great Fire of Rome. The emperor allegedly fiddled while the city of Rome burned. Also, Rome in German is spelled Rom. The software's logo features a burning Colosseum, although this is an anachronism as it was not built until after Nero's death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Black Death (novel)", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is a Gothic novel by author Basil Copper. It was originally announced for publication by Arkham House but was ultimately published by Fedogan & Bremer in 1992 in an edition of 1,000 copies of which 100 were numbered and signed by the author and illustrator.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims in the East Smithfield burial site in England, Schuenemann et al. concluded in 2011 \"that the Black Death in medieval Europe was caused by a variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist.\" A study published in Nature in October 2011 sequenced the genome of Y. pestis from plague victims and indicated that the strain that caused the Black Death is ancestral to most modern strains of the disease.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Artaserse (Vinci)", "paragraph_text": "Artaserse is an opera (\"dramma per musica\") in three acts composed by Leonardo Vinci to an Italian libretto by Metastasio. This was the first of many musical settings of arguably Metastasio's most popular libretto, and Vinci and Metastasio were known to have collaborated closely for the world premiere of the opera in Rome. This was the last opera Vinci composed before his death, and also considered to be his masterpiece, and is known among baroque opera enthusiasts for its florid vocal lines and taxing tessituras. It premiered during the carnival season on 4 February 1730 at the Teatro delle Dame in Rome. As women were banned from the opera stage in Rome in the 18th century, all the female roles in the original production were taken up by castrati. However, subsequent 18th-century productions outside Rome included women in the cast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Carlo Candida", "paragraph_text": "Carlo Candida (Lucera, 7 October 1762 – Rome, January 1845) was a lieutenant of the Sovereign Order of Malta from 1834 to his death, succeeding Antonio Busca.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Teatro delle Dame", "paragraph_text": "The Teatro delle Dame, also known as the Teatro Alibert (its original name), was a theatre in Rome built in 1718 and located on what is now the corner of Via D'Alibert and Via Margutta. In the course of its history it underwent a series of reconstructions and renovations until it was definitively destroyed by a fire in 1863. In their 18th-century heyday, the Teatro delle Dame and its rival, the Teatro Capranica, were the leading opera houses in Rome and saw many world premieres performed by some of the most prominent singers of the time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Rome", "paragraph_text": "Rome's history spans 28 centuries. While Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at around 753 BC, the site has been inhabited for much longer, making it one of the oldest continuously occupied sites in Europe. The city's early population originated from a mix of Latins, Etruscans, and Sabines. Eventually, the city successively became the capital of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, and is regarded by some as the first ever metropolis. It was first called \"The Eternal City\" (; ) by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC, and the expression was also taken up by Ovid, Virgil, and Livy. Rome is also called the \"Caput Mundi\" (Capital of the World). After the fall of the Western Empire, which marked the beginning of the Middle Ages, Rome slowly fell under the political control of the Papacy, and in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. Beginning with the Renaissance, almost all the popes since Nicholas V (1447–1455) pursued over four hundred years a coherent architectural and urban programme aimed at making the city the artistic and cultural centre of the world. In this way, Rome became first one of the major centres of the Italian Renaissance, and then the birthplace of both the Baroque style and Neoclassicism. Famous artists, painters, sculptors and architects made Rome the centre of their activity, creating masterpieces throughout the city. In 1871, Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, which, in 1946, became the Italian Republic.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Josep Caixal i Estradé", "paragraph_text": "Josep Caixal i Estradé (1803–1879) was Bishop of Urgell from 1853 until his death in Rome in 1879 and co-prince of Andorra during the New Reform period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation)", "paragraph_text": "When Harry reported that Voldemort had returned, towards the end of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Dumbledore reactivated the Order. Many of the original members returned and were soon joined by recruits who effectively replaced those who had died in service during the first conflict. The Order established their headquarters at Number Twelve, Grimmauld Place, Sirius Black's family home, during the interval between the fourth and fifth books in the series. Dumbledore was the Secret - Keeper for the Order, meaning that only he could reveal the location of the Order's headquarters to others. Dumbledore's death in book six made the location vulnerable and it was abandoned in favour of The Burrow as a result.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_text": "The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpation of the throne of Numidia, a loyal ally of Rome since the Punic Wars, Rome felt compelled to intervene. Jugurtha impudently bribed the Romans into accepting his usurpation. Jugurtha was finally captured not in battle but by treachery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Cry of the City", "paragraph_text": "Cry of the City is a 1948 black-and-white film noir directed by Robert Siodmak based on the novel by Henry Edward Helseth, \"The Chair for Martin Rome\". The screenwriter Ben Hecht worked on the film's script, but is not credited. The film was partly shot on location in New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Testament and Death of Moses", "paragraph_text": "The Testament and Death of Moses is a fresco attributed to the Italian Renaissance painters Luca Signorelli and Bartolomeo della Gatta, executed in around 1482 and located in the Sistine Chapel, Rome.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Tomb of Pope Julius II", "paragraph_text": "The Tomb of Pope Julius II is a sculptural and architectural ensemble by Michelangelo and his assistants, originally commissioned in 1505 but not completed until 1545 on a much reduced scale. Originally intended for St. Peter's Basilica, the tomb was instead placed in the church of San Pietro in Vincoli on the Esquiline in Rome after the pope's death. This church was patronized by the della Rovere family from which Julius came, and he had been titular cardinal there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Gibbs Point", "paragraph_text": "Gibbs Point, a rock point on the Antarctic Peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of Antarctica, was named for African American Antarctic explorer, George W. Gibbs, Jr. on September 2, 2009. On that date, the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (U.S. Board on Geographic Names) confirmed the place name in Antarctica for Gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. Gibbs Point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to Gaul Cove, on the northeast of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Canova Lions", "paragraph_text": "The Canova Lions, located in front of the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., are copies of a pair of lions sculpted by Antonio Canova in 1792 for the tomb of Pope Clement XIII in St Peter's in Rome. The originals were sculpted from marble; these were cast in bronze from molds of the originals. The pieces were installed in 1860.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Religion in ancient Rome", "paragraph_text": "Romulus was credited with several religious institutions. He founded the Consualia festival, inviting the neighbouring Sabines to participate; the ensuing rape of the Sabine women by Romulus's men further embedded both violence and cultural assimilation in Rome's myth of origins. As a successful general, Romulus is also supposed to have founded Rome's first temple to Jupiter Feretrius and offered the spolia opima, the prime spoils taken in war, in the celebration of the first Roman triumph. Spared a mortal's death, Romulus was mysteriously spirited away and deified.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Jamal Taslaq", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Nablus, Palestine, in 1970, studied in Italy, and has become one of the top Rome High Fashion designers of the new era. His success started with his inaugural Rome High Fashion Show in the year 2000. Since then, every high fashion show in Rome has been wildly successful, including the latest in March 2011. He is held in esteem across boundaries and oceans and his clients are found in three continents.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 99593, "question": "In which continent is Rome located?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 76998, "question": "where did the black death originated in #1", "answer": "the dry plains of Central Asia", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chester-le-Street", "paragraph_text": "Chester-le-Street () is a town in County Durham, England. Its history goes back to the building of a Roman fort called Concangis. This Roman fort is the \"Chester\" (from the Latin castra) of the town's name; the \"Street\" refers to the paved Roman road that ran north–south through the town, and which is now called Front Street.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Vasco da Gama", "paragraph_text": "Vasco da Gama left Calicut on 29 August 1498. Eager to set sail for home, he ignored the local knowledge of monsoon wind patterns that were still blowing onshore. The fleet initially inched north along the Indian coast, and then anchored in at Anjediva island for a spell. They finally struck out for their Indian Ocean crossing on 3 October 1498. But with the winter monsoon yet to set in, it was a harrowing journey. On the outgoing journey, sailing with the summer monsoon wind, da Gama's fleet crossed the Indian Ocean in only 23 days; now, on the return trip, sailing against the wind, it took 132 days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "The Awakening of Helena Richie", "paragraph_text": "The Awakening of Helena Richie is a novel by the American writer Margaret Deland (1857 - 1945) set in the 19th century fictional locale of Old Chester, a Western Pennsylvania rural village just a few miles outside the city of Pittsburgh, then an industrial boomtown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Around the world sailing record", "paragraph_text": "The first around the world sailing record for circumnavigation of the world was Juan Sebastián Elcano and the remaining members of Ferdinand Magellan's crew who completed their journey in 1522. The first solo record was set by Joshua Slocum in the Spray (1898).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Trena Cox", "paragraph_text": "Trena Mary Cox (1895–1980) was an English stained glass artist. She was born Emma Trina Cox on 3 March 1895, in the Lower Bebington Urban District (i.e. not Bebbington), on the Wirral Peninsula and grew up around Birkenhead. She trained at the Laird School of Art. In 1924 she moved to Chester and set up her studio in Victoria Road Chester, Cheshire, either adjacent to, or within, the Kaleyard works of Williams, Gamon & Co., with whom she remained associated until the Second World War. In about 1945, Trena Cox moved to 96 Watergate Street, Chester, which remained her home and, at least later, her studio, until she retired in 1972 (at the age of 77) and died, on 11 February 1980 (not in 1977, as frequently quoted). Most of her works are in churches in the old counties of Cheshire and Lancashire. She was a fellow of the British Society of Master Glass Painters. The authors of the \"Buildings of England\" series comment that \"her windows are usually small, her figures modest, often with small-scale detail in the quarries\" (small pieces of square or diamond-shaped glass set diagonally).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Mayflower", "paragraph_text": "Captain Jones became master of the Mayflower 11 years prior to the Pilgrims' voyage, sailing the ship cross-Channel taking English woolens to France and bringing French wine to London. In addition, he had also transported hats, hemp, Spanish salt, hops, and vinegar to Norway, and may have taken the Mayflower whaling in the North Atlantic in the Greenland area. She had traveled to Mediterranean ports, being then owned by Christopher Nichols, Robert Child, Thomas Short, and Christopher Jones, the ship's master. In 1620, Jones and Robert Child still owned their quarter shares in the ship, and it was from them that Thomas Weston chartered her in the summer of 1620 to undertake the Pilgrim voyage. Weston had a significant role in the Mayflower voyage, due to his membership in the Company of Merchant Adventurers, and he eventually traveled to the Plymouth Colony himself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Mayflower", "paragraph_text": "In early September, western gales began to make the North Atlantic a dangerous place for sailing. The Mayflower's provisions were already quite low when departing Southampton, and they became lower still by delays of more than a month. The passengers had been on board the ship for this entire time, and they were quite worn out and in no condition for a very taxing, lengthy Atlantic journey cooped up in cramped spaces in a small ship. But the Mayflower sailed from Plymouth on September 6, 1620 with what Bradford called ``a prosperous wind ''.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 3 to 10 ton", "paragraph_text": "The 3 to 10 ton was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Meulan. Eleven boats started during the two races in the 3 to 10 ton. Twenty sailors are documented, besides the France and Great Britain participants there was a Mixed country team from the US and Great Britain. The races were held on 24 and 25 May 1900 on the river Seine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Les Bonnes Femmes", "paragraph_text": "Les Bonnes Femmes is a French comedic drama directed by Claude Chabrol. Its mix of melodrama, absurd comedy and tragedy is typical for the early, experimental New wave films. It was one of the earliest and most revered films of the French New Wave, although it was a financial flop on its initial release. There is a considerable number of scenes set on the streets, and the viewer gets an expansive look at how Paris looked at the time, in night and day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "Southampton has two large live music venues, the Mayflower Theatre (formerly the Gaumont Theatre) and the Guildhall. The Guildhall has seen concerts from a wide range of popular artists including Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Delirious?, Manic Street Preachers, The Killers, The Kaiser Chiefs, Amy Winehouse, Lostprophets, The Midnight Beast, Modestep, and All Time Low. It also hosts classical concerts presented by the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, City of Southampton Orchestra, Southampton Concert Orchestra, Southampton Philharmonic Choir and Southampton Choral Society.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Peregrine White", "paragraph_text": "Peregrine White (c. November 20, 1620 -- July 20, 1704) was the first baby boy born on the Mayflower in the harbor of Massachusetts, the second baby born on the Mayflower's historic voyage, and the first known English child born to the Pilgrims in America. His parents, William White and his pregnant wife Susanna, with their son Resolved White and two servants, came on the Pilgrim ship Mayflower in 1620. Peregrine White was born while the Mayflower lay at anchor in the harbor at Cape Cod. In later life he became a person of note in Plymouth Colony, active in both military and government affairs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Mayflower Steps", "paragraph_text": "The Mayflower Steps are close to the site in the Barbican area of Plymouth, south - west England, from which the Pilgrim Fathers are believed to have finally left England aboard the Mayflower, before crossing the Atlantic Ocean to settle in North America on 6 September 1620. The traditional site of their disembarkation in North America is Plymouth Rock.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Dude, Where's My Car?", "paragraph_text": "Thwarted, the five alien women merge to become a giantess who swallows Tommy alive. The giantess then crawls out of the amusement center and chases Jesse and Chester. The cultists tell them to activate the Photon Accelerator Annihilation Beam on the Transfunctioner. However, the button that activates it is too far in to reach. At the last second, Chester remembers the nature show with the tool - using chimps and uses a straw to push the recessed button, thus destroying the alien (Tommy survives, but Christie breaks up with him in favor of Nelson). The protectors thank Jesse, Chester and the twins for saving the world, and erase their minds concerning the events. The protectors park the duo's car, a Renault Le Car, behind a mail truck for them to find the following morning. Jesse and Chester salvage their relationships with the twins and discover the special treat from the girls turns out to be matching knitted caps and scarves. The protectors leave a gift for their girlfriends (and, for the two men): Breast Enhancement Necklaces. The film ends with Jesse, Chester, and the twins going in Jesse's car out for Chinese food while arguing what the tattoo said on each other's back.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre", "paragraph_text": "The 8 Metre was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics program in Le Havre. A program of matches and semi-finals were scheduled. In case of a tie sail-off's could be held. 25 sailors, on 5 boats from 5 nations competed. A sixth entry from Italy did not show.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Orsinian Tales", "paragraph_text": "Orsinian Tales is a collection of eleven short stories by American writer Ursula K. Le Guin, most of them set in the imaginary country of Orsinia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Le Château Apartments", "paragraph_text": "Le Château Apartments is an apartment building in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 1321 Sherbrooke Street West in the Golden Square Mile neighbourhood of Downtown Montreal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620. In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians, with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city. Southampton was subsequently the home port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by Cunard with their Blue Riband liner RMS Queen Mary and her running mate RMS Queen Elizabeth. In 1938, Southampton docks also became home to the flying boats of Imperial Airways. Southampton Container Terminals first opened in 1968 and has continued to expand.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Mayflower", "paragraph_text": "On November 9, 1620, they sighted present - day Cape Cod. They spent several days trying to sail south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, where they had obtained permission to settle from the Company of Merchant Adventurers. However, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, well north of the intended area, where they anchored on November 11. The settlers wrote and signed the Mayflower Compact after the ship dropped anchor at Cape Cod, in what is now Provincetown Harbor, in order to establish legal order and to quell increasing strife within the ranks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Mayflower", "paragraph_text": "The Mayflower was an English ship that famously transported the first English Puritans, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England to the New World in 1620. There were 102 passengers, and the crew is estimated to have been about 30, but the exact number is unknown. This voyage has become a cultural icon in the history of the United States, with its story of death and survival in the harsh New England winter environment. The culmination of the voyage was the signing of the Mayflower Compact, an event which established a rudimentary form of democracy, with each member contributing to the welfare of the community. There was a second ship named Mayflower that made the London to Plymouth, Massachusetts voyage several times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Mayflower", "paragraph_text": "The Mayflower was an English ship that famously transported the first English Puritans, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England to the New World in 1620. There were 102 passengers, and the crew is estimated to have been about 30, but the exact number is unknown. This voyage has become an iconic story in some of the earliest annals of American history, with its story of death and of survival in the harsh New England winter environment. The culmination of the voyage in the signing of the Mayflower Compact was an event which established a rudimentary form of democracy, with each member contributing to the welfare of the community. There was a second ship named Mayflower that made the London to Plymouth, Massachusetts voyage several times.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 162308, "question": "which country is Chester -le- street?", "answer": "England", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 88835, "question": "when did the mayflower set sail from #1", "answer": "September 6, 1620", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Lord Voldemort", "paragraph_text": "Lord Voldemort (, in the films; born Tom Marvolo Riddle) is a fictional character and the main antagonist in J. K. Rowling's series of \"Harry Potter\" novels. Voldemort first appeared in \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\", which was released in 1997. Voldemort appears either in person or in flashbacks in each book and its film adaptation in the series, except the third, \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\", where he is only mentioned.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Harry Potter (film series)", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter is a British - American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J.K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 (2011). A spin - off prequel series will consist of five films, starting with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016). The Fantastic Beasts films mark the beginning of a shared media franchise known as J.K. Rowling's Wizarding World.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince is the sixth book in the Harry Potter series. The first book in the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, was first published by Bloomsbury in 1997, with an initial print - run of 500 copies in hardback, 300 of which were distributed to libraries. By the end of 1997, the UK edition won a National Book Award and a gold medal in the 9 - to 11 - year - olds category of the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize. The second book, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, was originally published in the UK on 2 July 1998 and in the US on 2 June 1999. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban was then published a year later in the UK on 8 July 1999 and in the US on 8 September 1999. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was published on 8 July 2000 at the same time by Bloomsbury and Scholastic. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, the longest novel in the Harry Potter series, was released 21 June 2003. After the publishing of Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince, the seventh and final novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was released 21 July 2007. The book sold 11 million copies within 24 hours of its release: 2.7 million copies in the UK and 8.3 million in the US.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Danielle Elizabeth Tumminio", "paragraph_text": "Tumminio is the author of \"God and Harry Potter at Yale: Teaching Faith and Fantasy Fiction in an Ivy League Classroom\" and was the instructor of the \"Christian Theology and Harry Potter\" seminar at Yale University in the spring of 2008; in 2011, she repeated the course at Tufts University. Tumminio has also presented material on the intersection between theology and the Harry Potter series at the Infinitus Symposium in Orlando, Florida in 2010, the Portus Symposium in Dallas, Texas, in the summer of 2008, and she chaired the panel on Harry Potter and Religion at the 2008 American Academy of Religion conference. Her teaching has been praised by Harry Potter commentator John Granger on his Hogwarts Professor website.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Wrockstock", "paragraph_text": "Wrockstock was a yearly music festival featuring wizard rock, music inspired by the world of Harry Potter. Its name is a play on the music festival Woodstock. Wrockstock was first held in 2007. Organized by Abby Hupp, it was the first large Wizard Rock gathering of its kind that was not part of a general Harry Potter fan conference. It took place at the YMCA summer camp near Ozark, Missouri. The first year it was titled \"WRockstock Spooktacular\". It doubled as a fundraiser for the Harry Potter Alliance, a charitable foundation run by Harry Potter fans. Its final festival was in 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Dumbledore's Army", "paragraph_text": "Dumbledore's Army (or D.A. for short) is a fictional student organisation in J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" series that is founded by the main characters, Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, to stand up against the regime of Hogwarts High Inquisitor Dolores Umbridge, as well as to learn practical Defence Against the Dark Arts. It was founded in the fifth book, \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Draco Malfoy", "paragraph_text": "Draco Lucius Malfoy is a character in J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" series. He is a student in Harry Potter's year belonging in the Slytherin house. He is frequently accompanied by his two cronies, Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle, who act as henchmen. Draco is characterised as a cowardly bully who manipulates and hurts people to get what he wants; nevertheless, he is a cunning user of magic. He was played by Tom Felton in the Harry Potter film series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 2003 novel of the same name. The fifth instalment in the \"Harry Potter\" film series, it was written by Michael Goldenberg (making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron. The story follows Harry Potter's fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort's return.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Harry Potter (film series)", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter is a British - American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J.K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 (2011). A spin - off prequel series will consist of five films, starting with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), marking the beginning of the Wizarding World shared media franchise.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them", "paragraph_text": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2001 book written by British author J.K. Rowling (under the pen name of the fictitious author Newt Scamander) about the magical creatures in the Harry Potter universe. The original version purports to be Harry Potter's copy of the textbook of the same name mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (or Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the US), the first novel of the Harry Potter series. It includes several notes inside it supposedly handwritten by Harry, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger, detailing their own experiences with some of the beasts described, and including in - jokes relating to the original series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is a fantasy novel written by British author J.K. Rowling and the seventh and final novel of the Harry Potter series. The book was released on 21 July 2007, ending the series that began in 1997 with the publication of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. It was published by Bloomsbury Publishing in the United Kingdom, in the United States by Scholastic, and in Canada by Raincoast Books. The novel chronicles the events directly following Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince (2005), and the final confrontation between the wizards Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is a fantasy book written by British author J.K. Rowling and the seventh and final novel of the Harry Potter series. The book was released on 21 July 2007, ending the series that began in 1997 with the publication of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. It was published by Bloomsbury Publishing in the United Kingdom, in the United States by Scholastic, and in Canada by Raincoast Books. The novel chronicles the events directly following Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince (2005), and the final confrontation between the wizards Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Harry Potter (film series)", "paragraph_text": "Motion Picture Director Writer Producer (s) Composer Novel by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Chris Columbus Steve Kloves David Heyman John Williams Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Alfonso Cuarón Chris Columbus, David Heyman & Mark Radcliffe Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Mike Newell David Heyman Patrick Doyle Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix David Yates Michael Goldenberg David Heyman & David Barron Nicholas Hooper Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince Steve Kloves Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 David Heyman, David Barron & J.K. Rowling Alexandre Desplat Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them", "paragraph_text": "Fantastic Beasts purports to be a reproduction of a textbook owned by Harry Potter and written by magizoologist Newt Scamander, a character in the fictional Harry Potter series. In the series, Magizoology is the study of magical creatures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Bonnie Wright", "paragraph_text": "Bonnie Francesca Wright (born 17 February 1991) is a British actress, film director and model. She is best known for playing the role of Ginny Weasley in the Harry Potter film series, based on the Harry Potter novel series by British author J.K. Rowling.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Tales of Beedle the Bard", "paragraph_text": "The Tales of Beedle the Bard is a book of children's stories by British author J.K. Rowling. There is a storybook of the same name mentioned in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the last book of the Harry Potter series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (released in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone) is a 2001 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on the novel of the same name by J.K. Rowling. The film is the first instalment in the long - running Harry Potter film series, and was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman. Its story follows Harry Potter's first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as he discovers that he is a famous wizard and begins his education. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Potter Puppet Pals", "paragraph_text": "Potter Puppet Pals is a puppet show web series parodying the \"Harry Potter\" novel series by JK Rowling, created by Neil Cicierega.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey is a motion - based dark ride located in The Wizarding World of Harry Potter themed areas of Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, Universal Studios Hollywood in Universal City, California, and Universal Studios Japan in Osaka, Japan. The ride takes guests through scenes and environments in and around Hogwarts Castle from the Harry Potter series of books and films. Mark Woodbury, president of Universal Creative, described the ride as an in - depth look at the world of Harry Potter, which utilizes never - before - seen technology which transforms ``the theme park experience as you know it ''. The ride first opened at Islands of Adventure with The Wizarding World of Harry Potter on June 18, 2010, at Universal Studios Japan on July 15, 2014, and at Universal Studios Hollywood on April 7, 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Fictional universe of Harry Potter", "paragraph_text": "The fictional universe of British author J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series of fantasy novels comprises two distinct societies: the Wizarding World and the Muggle world. In the novels, the Muggle world is the world inhabited by the non-magical majority, with which the Wizarding world exists coextensively, albeit mostly remaining hidden from the non-magical humans. The plot of the series is set in 1990s Britain, but in a veiled and separate shadow society wherein magic is commonly used and practised, and those who can use it live in self - enforced seclusion, hiding their abilities from the rest of the world. The term ``Wizarding World ''refers to the global wizard community that lives hidden in parallel with the Muggle world; the different terms refer to different communities within the same area rather than separate planets or worlds. Any new works taking place in this universe are released under the`` J.K. Rowling's Wizarding World'' brand.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 71241, "question": "where does the harry potter series take place", "answer": "Britain", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 42360, "question": "What territory was ceded to #1 ?", "answer": "territory east of the Mississippi", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Mexican Spanish", "paragraph_text": "Spanish was brought to Mexico in the 16th century. As in all other Spanish - speaking countries (including Spain), different accents and varieties of the language exist in different parts of the country, for both historical and sociological reasons. Among these, the varieties that are best known outside of the country are those of central Mexico -- both educated and uneducated varieties -- largely because the capital, Mexico City, hosts most of the mass communication media with international projection. For this reason, most of the film dubbing identified abroad with the label ``Mexican Spanish ''or`` Latin American Spanish'' actually corresponds to the central Mexican variety.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de México, American Spanish: (sjuˈða (ð) ðe ˈmexiko) (listen); abbreviated as CDMX, Nahuatl languages: Āltepētl Mēxihco), is the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America. Mexico City is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 meters (7,350 ft). The city has 16 boroughs.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Languages of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. They are from seven distinct language families and there are two isolates. The total of languages amounts to around 68 and 350 dialects, with a large majority of the population fluent in Spanish while some Indigenous Mexicans are monolingual in indigenous languages. Today, Mexicans predominantly speak Spanish.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Palacio de Gobierno (Nuevo León)", "paragraph_text": "The Palacio de Gobierno, or the Government Palace of Nuevo León, is a state government building in Monterrey, the capital city of Nuevo León state, in northern Mexico.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "San Martín Itunyoso", "paragraph_text": "San Martín Itunyoso is a Trique language town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 82.93 km².", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Tenochtitlan", "paragraph_text": "Tenochtitlan (Spanish: Tenochtitlan, Spanish pronunciation: (ˈmexiko tenotʃˈtitlan) (listen)), originally known as México - Tenochtitlán (Classical Nahuatl: Mēxihco - Tenōchtitlan (meːˈʃíʔ. ko te. noːt͡ʃ. ˈtí. t͡ɬan)), was a large Mexica city - state in what is now the center of Mexico City. Founded on June 20, 1325, the city was built on an island in what was then Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico. The city was the capital of the expanding Aztec Empire in the 15th century until it was captured by the Spanish in 1521.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Kingdom of Kaffa", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Kaffa (c. 1390–1897) was an early modern state located in what is now Ethiopia, with its first capital at Bonga. The Gojeb River formed its northern border, beyond which lay the Gibe kingdoms; to the east the territory of the Konta and Kullo peoples lay between Kaffa and the Omo River; to the south numerous subgroups of the Gimira people, and to the west lay the Majangir people. The native language, also known as Kaffa, is one of the Omotic group of languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "Mexico’s capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians (Native Americans), the other being Quito. The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan, which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan, and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, and as of 1585 it was officially known as Ciudad de México (Mexico City). Mexico City served as the political, administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire. After independence from Spain was achieved, the Federal District was created in 1824.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "José Alfredo Peñaloza", "paragraph_text": "José Alfredo Peñaloza Soto (born March 29, 1974 in Mexico City, Mexico) is one of five Mexican football referees who have been born and raised in the capital of the Mexican republic. He has been a football professional referee since 2001.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Víctor Andrés Belaúnde", "paragraph_text": "Víctor Andrés Belaúnde Diez Canseco (15 December 1883 – 14 December 1966) was a Peruvian diplomat who chaired the fourteenth session and the fourth emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly (1959–1960).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Diez Minutos", "paragraph_text": "Diez Minutos (meaning \"Ten Minutes\" in English) is a Spanish language weekly celebrity, entertainment and women's magazine published in Madrid, Spain.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "History of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "From 1521, the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire incorporated the region into the Spanish Empire, with New Spain its colonial era name and Mexico City the center of colonial rule. It was built on the ruins of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan and became the capital of New Spain. During the colonial era, Mexico's long - established Mesoamerican civilizations mixed with European culture. Perhaps nothing better represents this hybrid background than Mexico's languages: the country is both the most populous Spanish - speaking country in the world and home to the largest number of Native American language speakers in North America. For three centuries Mexico was part of the Spanish Empire, whose legacy is a country with a Spanish - speaking, Catholic and largely Western culture.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ahmed Mulay Ali Hamadi", "paragraph_text": "Ahmed Mulay Ali Hamadi (; born 1954) is the current Sahrawi ambassador to Mexico, with a base in Mexico City. He is a licenciate on International Relations by the UNAM, and a member of the \"Mexican Academy of International Law\". Apart from his diplomatic career, Mulay Ali is also a writer in Spanish language, with books published in Mexico.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire", "paragraph_text": "The Spanish made landfall in Mexico in 1517. A Spanish settler in Cuba, Hernán Cortés, led an expedition (entrada) to Mexico, landing in February 1519, following an earlier expedition led by Juan de Grijalva to Yucatán in 1517. Two years later Cortés and his retinue set sail, thus beginning the expedition of exploration and conquest. The Spanish campaign against the Aztec Empire had its final victory on August 13, 1521, when a coalition army of Spanish forces and native Tlaxcalan warriors led by Cortés and Xicotencatl the Younger captured the emperor Cuauhtemoc and Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire. The fall of Tenochtitlan marks the beginning of Spanish rule in central Mexico, and they established their capital of Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Mille chilometri al minuto!", "paragraph_text": "Mille chilometri al minuto! (or 1000 km al minuto!) is a 1939 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Mattoli and starring Nino Besozzi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Iranian languages", "paragraph_text": "In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor \"Old Iranian\" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) \"Old\" form. Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Carduchi (the hypothetical predecessor to Kurdish) and Old Parthian. Additionally, the existence of unattested languages can sometimes be inferred from the impact they had on neighbouring languages. Such transfer is known to have occurred for Old Persian, which has (what is called) a \"Median\" substrate in some of its vocabulary. Also, foreign references to languages can also provide a hint to the existence of otherwise unattested languages, for example through toponyms/ethnonyms or in the recording of vocabulary, as Herodotus did for what he called \"Scythian\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "I Still Know What You Did Last Summer", "paragraph_text": "I Still Know What You Did Last Summer is a 1998 American slasher film and sequel to the 1997 film \"I Know What You Did Last Summer.\" Directed by Danny Cannon, the film was written by Trey Callaway and features characters originally created in Lois Duncan's 1973 novel \"I Know What You Did Last Summer.\" Jennifer Love Hewitt, Freddie Prinze Jr. and Muse Watson reprise their roles, with Brandy, Mekhi Phifer, Jennifer Esposito, Matthew Settle and Jack Black joining the cast. \"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\" continues after the events of the first film. Callaway's script was published in an edited \"young adult\" format, leaving in all descriptions of violence but omitting the harsher language. Filming took place in Mexico and California. \"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\" was released to negative reviews, but was a box office success, grossing $84 million worldwide against a $24 million budget. It is the second installment of \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" series and was followed by \"I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer\" in 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Wilhelm von Diez", "paragraph_text": "Albrecht Christoph Wilhelm von Diez (17 January 1839, Bayreuth – 25 February 1907, Munich) was a German painter and illustrator of the Munich School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Johann V of Nassau-Vianden-Dietz", "paragraph_text": "Johann V of Nassau-Vianden-Dietz (Breda, 9 November 1455 – Dillenburg, 30 July 1516) was count of Nassau (in Siegen, Dillenburg, Hadamar and Herborn), Vianden and Diez, and Lord of Breda. He was the paternal grandfather of William the Silent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Guadalupe Municipality, Chihuahua", "paragraph_text": "Guadalupe is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The capital lies at Guadalupe. The municipality covers an area of 6,200.5 km².", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 127505, "question": "In what language is Diez Minutos?", "answer": "Spanish", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 68782, "question": "what's the capital of mexico in #1", "answer": "Ciudad de México", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

[ "Mexico City", "City of Mexico" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "My Woman, My Woman, My Wife", "paragraph_text": "``My Woman, My Woman, My Wife ''is a song written and recorded by American country artist Marty Robbins. It was released in January 1970 as the first single and title track from the album My Woman, My Woman, My Wife. The song was Robbins' 14th number one on the country chart. The single spent a single week at number one and spent a total of 15 weeks on the country charts. The song won the Grammy Award for Best Country Song in 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Good Woman Blues", "paragraph_text": "\"Good Woman Blues\" is a song written by Ken McDuffie and recorded by American country music artist Mel Tillis. It was released in September 1976 as the second single from the album \"Love Revival\". \"Good Woman Blues\" was Mel Tillis' second number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Wilhelm Frick", "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Frick (12 March 1877 – 16 October 1946) was a prominent German politician of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), who served as Reich Minister of the Interior in the Hitler Cabinet from 1933 to 1943 and as the last governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. After World War II, he was tried and convicted of war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials and executed by hanging.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Rainey Bethea", "paragraph_text": "Rainey Bethea (c. 1909 -- August 14, 1936) was the last person to be publicly executed in the United States. Bethea, who confessed to the rape and murder of a 70 - year - old woman named Lischia Edwards, was convicted of her rape and publicly hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky. Mistakes in performing the hanging and the surrounding media circus contributed to the end of public executions in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Elizabeth Woolcock", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Woolcock (20 April 1848 – 30 December 1873) was born Elizabeth Lillian Oliver in Burra Burra and was hanged in Adelaide Gaol for the murder of her husband Thomas Woolcock by mercury poisoning. She remains the only woman ever executed in South Australia and is buried between the outer and inner prison walls. It has been argued that she may have been a victim of domestic violence and suffered from battered spouse syndrome.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Hang in Long Enough", "paragraph_text": "\"Hang in Long Enough\" is a single performed by Phil Collins and released in 1990 from the album \"...But Seriously\". It was the sixth and last single from the album. The song was a moderate hit, reaching the #23 spot on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #34 on the UK Singles Chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Capital punishment in Ireland", "paragraph_text": "The only woman executed after independence was Annie Walsh in 1925. She and her nephew blamed each other for the murder of her elderly husband. The press expected only the nephew to be found guilty, but both were. She was hanged aged 31 in spite of the jury recommending clemency.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Jean Lee (murderer)", "paragraph_text": "Jean Lee (10 December 1919 – 19 February 1951) was an Australian woman, convicted of murder, and notable as the last woman to be executed in Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "A Woman in Love (Ronnie Milsap song)", "paragraph_text": "\"A Woman in Love\" is a song written by Curtis Wright and Doug Millett, and recorded by American country music singer Ronnie Milsap. It was released in September 1989 as the third single from the album \"Stranger Things Have Happened\". It was his last song to reach number one on the U.S. country singles chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Ruth Ellis", "paragraph_text": "Ruth Ellis (9 October 1926 -- 13 July 1955) was a British model and nightclub hostess. She was the last woman to be hanged in the United Kingdom, after being convicted of the murder of her lover, David Blakely.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "A Woman Always Knows", "paragraph_text": "\"A Woman Always Knows\" is a single by American country music artist David Houston. Released in December 1970, it was the second single from his album \"A Woman Always Knows\". The song peaked at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached number 1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Woman (Sensuous Woman)", "paragraph_text": "\"Woman (Sensuous Woman)\" is a 1972 single by Don Gibson. \"Woman (Sensuous Woman)\" was Don Gibson's final number one on the country charts spending one week at the top and a total of sixteen weeks on the charts. Other artists released their versions of \"Woman (Sensuous Woman),\" including Ray Charles on his 1984 album \"Do I Ever Cross Your Mind,\" and Mark Chesnutt, whose version under the title \"Woman, Sensuous Woman\" peaked at #21 in the Country Music charts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Reporters Without Borders organised several symbolic protests, including scaling the Eiffel Tower to hang a protest banner from it, and hanging an identical banner from the Notre Dame cathedral.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "A Woman in Flames", "paragraph_text": "A Woman in Flames (Die flambierte Frau, literally \"The Flambéed Woman\") is a German drama film from 1983, directed by Robert van Ackeren, starring Gudrun Landgrebe, Mathieu Carrière, and Hanns Zischler. The film was selected as the West German entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 56th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! The Rolling Stones in Concert", "paragraph_text": "Some of the performances, as well as one of the two photography sessions for the album cover featuring Charlie Watts and a donkey, are depicted in the documentary film Gimme Shelter, and shows Jagger and Watts on a road in Birmingham, Alabama in early December 1969 posing with the donkey. The actual cover photo however was taken in early February 1970 in London, and does not originate from the 1969 session. The photo by David Bailey, featuring Watts with guitars and bass drums hanging from the neck of a donkey, was inspired by a line in Bob Dylan's song, ``Visions of Johanna '':`` Jewels and binoculars hang from the head of the mule'' (though, as mentioned, the animal in the photo is a donkey, not a mule). The band would later say ``we originally wanted an elephant but settled for a donkey ''. Watts said that his wardrobe (which includes a t - shirt with a picture of woman's breasts) was his usual stage getup along with Jagger's striped hat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Robert Fausset", "paragraph_text": "Robert Fausset (born 8 August 1934) is a former Fine Gael politician from County Cavan in Ireland. He was nominated to Seanad Éireann in October 1981 and served until April 1982. He was a member of Cavan County Council for the Ballyjamesduff electoral area from 1999–2004. He stood for election to Dáil Éireann for the Cavan–Monaghan constituency, at the 1981 and February 1982 general elections, but was unsuccessful on both occasions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Chester La Follette", "paragraph_text": "Robert Chester La Follette (March 31, 1897 in Pullman, Washington – May 24, 1993 in White Plains, New York), was an American painter. His portrait of his cousin Senator Robert M. La Follette, Sr. hangs in the Senate Reception Room of the United States Capitol. Allyn Cox supervised the placement of the painting in the United States Capitol.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know", "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know\" is a song recorded by American singer Britney Spears for her second studio album, Oops!... I Did It Again (2000). It was released on January 15, 2001, by Jive Records as the fourth and final single from the album. After meeting with producer Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange in Switzerland, Spears recorded several songs for the album, including \"Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know\", which she considered one of her favorites on the album. Additional lyrics were written by guitar player Keith Scott and country pop singer Shania Twain. The teen pop ballad speaks of a woman wanting to hear her boyfriend say that he needs loves her, and is sonically similar to David Bowie and Iggy Pop's song \"China Girl\" (1983).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Woman with a Fan", "paragraph_text": "La Femme à l'Éventail, or Woman with a Fan, is a painting by the French artist Jean Metzinger. The work was exhibited in 1914 at Moderni Umeni, S.V.U. Mánes, Prague. A 1914 photograph taken at the exhibition in Prague was published in the magazine \"\" showing \"Woman with a Fan\" hanging next to another work by Metzinger known as \"En Canot (Im Boot, The Boat)\", 1913. Donated by Mr. and Mrs. Sigmund Kunstadter in 1959, \"Woman with a Fan\" forms part of the permanent collection in Gallery 391B (Medieval to Modern European Painting and Sculpture) at the Art Institute of Chicago.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sani Yakubu Rodi", "paragraph_text": "Sani Yakubu Rodi (b. 1975 or 1981, according to conflicting reports) was the first prisoner to be executed under state-level Sharia law in Nigeria. He was hanged in a prison in Katsina State on January 3, 2002, for the 2001 fatal stabbing of a woman and her two children; however, he did not have legal representation at his trial (opting for self-defense), and had pleaded not guilty at his initial hearing, but had changed to a guilty plea at a later hearing, after which he was sentenced to death by hanging.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 104387, "question": "Which country is Robert Fausset from?", "answer": "Ireland", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 58554, "question": "who was the last woman to be hanged in #1", "answer": "Annie Walsh", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sergey Shubinsky", "paragraph_text": "Sergey Nikolayevich Shubinsky (; 1834–1913) was a Russian historian and journalist who edited two widely read magazines concerned with the history of Imperial Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Guam", "paragraph_text": "The indigenous Chamorros settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, while in the service of Spain, was the first European to visit the island, on March 6, 1521. Guam was colonized by Spain in 1668 with settlers, including Diego Luis de San Vitores, a Catholic Jesuit missionary. Between the 16th century and the 18th century, Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons. During the Spanish -- American War, the United States captured Guam on June 21, 1898. Under the Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10, 1898. Guam is among the seventeen non-self - governing territories listed by the United Nations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "Missionary efforts to Scandinavia during the 9th and 10th centuries helped strengthen the growth of kingdoms such as Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, which gained power and territory. Some kings converted to Christianity, although not all by 1000. Scandinavians also expanded and colonised throughout Europe. Besides the settlements in Ireland, England, and Normandy, further settlement took place in what became Russia and in Iceland. Swedish traders and raiders ranged down the rivers of the Russian steppe, and even attempted to seize Constantinople in 860 and 907. Christian Spain, initially driven into a small section of the peninsula in the north, expanded slowly south during the 9th and 10th centuries, establishing the kingdoms of Asturias and León.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Fall of Constantinople", "paragraph_text": "The Fall of Constantinople (Greek: Ἅλωσις τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, Halōsis tēs Kōnstantinoupoleōs; Turkish: İstanbul'un Fethi Conquest of Istanbul) was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by an invading army of the Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453. The Ottomans were commanded by the then 21 - year - old Ottoman Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, who defeated an army commanded by Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos. The conquest of Constantinople followed a 53 - day siege that had begun on 6 April 1453.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Under Peter I (the Great), Russia was proclaimed an Empire in 1721 and became recognized as a world power. Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede West Karelia and Ingria (two regions lost by Russia in the Time of Troubles), as well as Estland and Livland, securing Russia's access to the sea and sea trade. On the Baltic Sea Peter founded a new capital called Saint Petersburg, later known as Russia's Window to Europe. Peter the Great's reforms brought considerable Western European cultural influences to Russia. Catherine II (the Great), who ruled in 1762–96, extended Russian political control over the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and incorporated most of its territories into Russia during the Partitions of Poland, pushing the Russian frontier westward into Central Europe. In the south, after successful Russo-Turkish Wars against the Ottoman Empire, Catherine advanced Russia's boundary to the Black Sea, defeating the Crimean khanate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Fall of Constantinople", "paragraph_text": "The capture of the city (and two other Byzantine splinter territories soon thereafter) marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire, an imperial state dating to 27 BC, which had lasted for nearly 1,500 years. The conquest of Constantinople also dealt a massive blow to Christendom, as the Muslim Ottoman armies thereafter were left unchecked to advance into Europe without an adversary to their rear.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Fall of Constantinople", "paragraph_text": "Constantinople had been an imperial capital since its consecration as the first Christian capital in 330 under the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine the Great. In the following eleven centuries, the city had been besieged many times but was captured only once: during the Fourth Crusade in 1204. The crusaders established an unstable Latin state in and around Constantinople while the remaining empire splintered into a number of Byzantine successor states, notably Nicaea, Epirus and Trebizond. They fought as allies against the Latin establishments, but also fought among themselves for the Byzantine throne.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Southwest Territory", "paragraph_text": "The Territory South of the River Ohio, more commonly known as the Southwest Territory, was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1790, until June 1, 1796, when it was admitted to the United States as the State of Tennessee. The Southwest Territory was created by the Southwest Ordinance from lands of the Washington District that had been ceded to the U.S. federal government by North Carolina. The territory's lone governor was William Blount.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "France used the right moment and occupied Alger in 1830. In 1831 Muhammad Ali of Egypt, who was the most powerful vassal of the Ottoman Empire, claimed independence. Ottoman forces were defeated in a number of battles, and Egyptians were ready to capture Constantinople, which forced the sultan Mahmud II to seek for Russian military aid. 10 000 Russian army corps landed on the Bosphorus shores in 1833 and helped to prevent the capture of Constantinople, thus the possible disappearance of the Ottoman Empire was prevented.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kievan Rus'", "paragraph_text": "The three brothers—Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor—established themselves in Novgorod, Beloozero, and Izborsk, respectively. Two of the brothers died, and Rurik became the sole ruler of the territory and progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty. A short time later, two of Rurik’s men, Askold and Dir, asked him for permission to go to Tsargrad (Constantinople). On their way south, they discovered \"a small city on a hill,\" Kiev, captured it and the surrounding country from the Khazars, populated the region with more Varangians, and \"established their dominion over the country of the Polyanians.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Battle of Borodino", "paragraph_text": "Battle of Borodino Part of the French invasion of Russia Battle of Moscow, 7th September 1812, 1822 by Louis - François Lejeune Date 7 September 1812 Location Borodino, Russia 55 ° 31 ′ N 35 ° 49 ′ E  /  55.517 ° N 35.817 ° E  / 55.517; 35.817 Coordinates: 55 ° 31 ′ N 35 ° 49 ′ E  /  55.517 ° N 35.817 ° E  / 55.517; 35.817 Result French tactical victory Territorial changes Napoleon captures Moscow Belligerents France Duchy of Warsaw Italy Confederation of the Rhine Russian Empire Commanders and leaders Napoleon Michel Ney Joachim Murat Louis - Nicolas Davout Eugène de Beauharnais Józef Poniatowski Mikhail Kutuzov Pyotr Bagration (DOW) Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly Strength 130,000 -- 190,000 men 587 guns 120,000 -- 160,000 men 624 guns Casualties and losses 28,000 -- 35,000 dead, wounded and captured (inc. 47 generals, 480 officers) 40,000 -- 45,000 dead, wounded, and captured (inc. 23 generals, 211 officers)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Florida Territory", "paragraph_text": "The Territory of Florida was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 30, 1822, until March 3, 1845, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Florida. Originally the Spanish territory of La Florida, and later the provinces of East and West Florida, it was ceded to the United States as part of the 1819 Adams -- Onís Treaty. It was governed by the Florida Territorial Council.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "French and Indian War", "paragraph_text": "After the disastrous 1757 British campaigns (resulting in a failed expedition against Louisbourg and the Siege of Fort William Henry, which was followed by Indian torture and massacres of British victims), the British government fell. William Pitt came to power and significantly increased British military resources in the colonies at a time when France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France. France concentrated its forces against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war. Between 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada. They succeeded in capturing territory in surrounding colonies and ultimately Quebec. Though the British were later defeated at Sainte Foy in Quebec, the French ceded Canada in accordance with the 1763 treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "District of Columbia retrocession", "paragraph_text": "In 1846, the area of 31 square miles (80 km) which was ceded by Virginia was returned, leaving 69 square miles (179 km) of territory originally ceded by Maryland as the current area of the District in its entirety. 21st - century proposals to return the remaining portion of the District of Columbia to the state of Maryland are cited as one way to provide full voting representation in Congress and return local control of the city to its residents.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "European Russia", "paragraph_text": "European Russia is the western part of Russia that is a part of Eastern Europe. With a population of 110 million people, European Russia has about 77% of Russia's population, but covers less than 25% of Russia's territory. European Russia includes Moscow and Saint Petersburg, the two largest cities in Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Guam", "paragraph_text": "The Chamorros, Guam's indigenous people, settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to visit the island on March 6, 1521. Guam was colonized in 1668 with settlers, like Diego Luis de San Vitores, a Catholic missionary. Between the 1500s and the 1700s, Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons. During the Spanish–American War, the United States captured Guam on June 21, 1898. Under the Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10, 1898. Guam is amongst the seventeen Non-Self-Governing Territories of the United Nations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, which had been captured by Saladin (d. 1193) in 1187.[Z] In 1203, the Fourth Crusade was diverted from the Holy Land to Constantinople, and captured the city in 1204, setting up a Latin Empire of Constantinople and greatly weakening the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines recaptured the city in 1261, but never regained their former strength. By 1291 all the crusader states had been captured or forced from the mainland, although a titular Kingdom of Jerusalem survived on the island of Cyprus for several years afterwards.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 22731, "question": "Who was concerned with Russia capturing Constantinople?", "answer": "Britain", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 42360, "question": "What territory was ceded to #1 ?", "answer": "territory east of the Mississippi", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Classical order", "paragraph_text": "The Ionic order came from eastern Greece, where its origins are entwined with the similar but little known Aeolic order. It is distinguished by slender, fluted pillars with a large base and two opposed volutes (also called scrolls) in the echinus of the capital. The echinus itself is decorated with an egg - and - dart motif. The Ionic shaft comes with four more flutes than the Doric counterpart (totalling 24). The Ionic base has two convex moldings called tori which are separated by a scotia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare", "paragraph_text": "The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 were built in the period starting after the end of World War II and ending in the late 1960s, when they became less important due to the shifting of the strategic bombing role to ICBMs. Invariably the type is differentiated from other fighter aircraft designs by higher speeds and shorter operating ranges, as well as much reduced ordnance payloads.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "The following day, the armies of four Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq—entered what had been British Mandatory Palestine, launching the 1948 Arab–Israeli War; Contingents from Yemen, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Sudan joined the war. The apparent purpose of the invasion was to prevent the establishment of the Jewish state at inception, and some Arab leaders talked about driving the Jews into the sea. According to Benny Morris, Jews felt that the invading Arab armies aimed to slaughter the Jews. The Arab league stated that the invasion was to restore law and order and to prevent further bloodshed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Heinkel He 100", "paragraph_text": "The Heinkel He 100 was a German pre-World War II fighter aircraft design from Heinkel. Although it proved to be one of the fastest fighter aircraft in the world at the time of its development, the design was not ordered into series production. Approximately 19 prototypes and pre-production examples were built. None are known to have survived the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Korean War", "paragraph_text": "By mid-1950, North Korean forces numbered between 150,000 and 200,000 troops, organized into 10 infantry divisions, one tank division, and one air force division, with 210 fighter planes and 280 tanks, who captured scheduled objectives and territory, among them Kaesong, Chuncheon, Uijeongbu, and Ongjin. Their forces included 274 T-34-85 tanks, 200 artillery pieces, 110 attack bombers, some 150 Yak fighter planes, 78 Yak trainers, and 35 reconnaissance aircraft. In addition to the invasion force, the North KPA had 114 fighters, 78 bombers, 105 T-34-85 tanks, and some 30,000 soldiers stationed in reserve in North Korea. Although each navy consisted of only several small warships, the North and South Korean navies fought in the war as sea-borne artillery for their in-country armies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "The forces converged in the largest sea battle of World War II up to that point. Over the previous month American destroyers had destroyed 17 of 25 submarines out of Ozawa's screening force. Repeated U.S. raids destroyed the Japanese land-based planes. Ozawa's main attack lacked coordination, with the Japanese planes arriving at their targets in a staggered sequence. Following a directive from Nimitz, the U.S. carriers all had combat information centers, which interpreted the flow of radar data and radioed interception orders to the Hellcats. The result was later dubbed the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. The few attackers to reach the U.S. fleet encountered massive AA fire with proximity fuzes. Only one American warship was slightly damaged.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Eisenhower administration condemned the tripartite invasion, and supported UN resolutions demanding withdrawal and a United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) to be stationed in Sinai. Nasser commended Eisenhower, stating he played the \"greatest and most decisive role\" in stopping the \"tripartite conspiracy\". By the end of December, British and French forces had totally withdrawn from Egyptian territory, while Israel completed its withdrawal in March 1957 and released all Egyptian prisoners of war. As a result of the Suez Crisis, Nasser brought in a set of regulations imposing rigorous requirements for residency and citizenship as well as forced expulsions, mostly affecting British and French nationals and Jews with foreign nationality, as well as some Egyptian Jews.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Junction Canal", "paragraph_text": "The Junction Canal was a canal in the states of New York and Pennsylvania in the United States. The canal was also called the Arnot Canal, after the name of its principal stockholder, John Arnot of Elmira, New York. The canal was built and operated by a private stock company. The canal was partly open in 1854, but the entire length was not finished until 1858. The completed canal was long and had 11 locks. Then intent was to lengthen the reach of the Chemung Canal deeper into Pennsylvania in order to connect to the canal systems there. Competition with railroads led to diminished use of the canal. In 1865 the canal was severely damaged by a flood. In 1866, the stock company was authorized to change its name to the \"Junction Canal and Railroad Company,\" and work commenced in constructing a railroad on its right of way. The canal was last used in 1871, and was then abandoned.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "On St. George's Night (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus) 23 April 1343, the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order tried to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in the 13th century during the Livonian crusade, and to eradicate the non-indigenous Christian religion. After initial success the revolt was ended by the invasion of the Teutonic Order. In 1346 the Duchy of Estonia was sold for 19,000 Köln marks to the Teutonic Order by the King of Denmark. The shift of sovereignty from Denmark to the State of the Teutonic Order took place on 1 November 1346.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Rhine", "paragraph_text": "A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fußach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta. The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake. Its water has a darker color than the Rhine; the latter's lighter suspended load comes from higher up the mountains. It is expected that the continuous input of sediment into the lake will silt up the lake. This has already happened to the former Lake Tuggenersee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "VMF-511", "paragraph_text": "Marine Fighting Squadron 511 (VMF-511) was a fighter squadron of the Marine Corps and Marine Forces Reserve during World War II and the Cold War which flew aircraft types such as the F6F Hellcat, F4U Corsair, and the F-8 Crusader. They were originally activated during World War II and fought during the Battle of Okinawa and the Battle of Balikpapan (1945). They specialized in close air support and during the course of the war were credited with only one plane shot down.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Generation Love", "paragraph_text": "Generation Love is a song recorded by American country music artist Jennette McCurdy. It was released to country radio on April 25, 2011. McCurdy did a cross-country mall tour featuring that song in order to raise money for the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Rex T. Barber", "paragraph_text": "Colonel Rex T. Barber (May 6, 1917 – July 26, 2001) was a World War II fighter pilot from the United States. He is best known as a member of the top secret mission to intercept the aircraft carrying Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto in April 1943.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "paragraph_text": "On 29 October 1956, Israeli forces crossed the Sinai Peninsula, overwhelmed Egyptian army posts, and quickly advanced to their objectives. Two days later, British and French planes bombarded Egyptian airfields in the canal zone. Nasser ordered the military's high command to withdraw the Egyptian Army from Sinai to bolster the canal's defenses. Moreover, he feared that if the armored corps was dispatched to confront the Israeli invading force and the British and French subsequently landed in the canal city of Port Said, Egyptian armor in the Sinai would be cut off from the canal and destroyed by the combined tripartite forces. Amer strongly disagreed, insisting that Egyptian tanks meet the Israelis in battle. The two had a heated exchange on 3 November, and Amer conceded. Nasser also ordered blockage of the canal by sinking or otherwise disabling forty-nine ships at its entrance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Quentin C. Aanenson", "paragraph_text": "Quentin C. Aanenson (April 21, 1921 – December 28, 2008) was a World War II veteran fighter pilot and former captain of the 391st Fighter Squadron, 366th Fighter Group, 9th Air Force, U.S. Army Air Corps. He flew the P-47 Thunderbolt in the Normandy D-Day invasion and subsequent European campaign.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Blitz", "paragraph_text": "Airborne Interception radar (AI) was unreliable. The heavy fighting in the Battle of Britain had eaten up most of Fighter Command's resources, so there was little investment in night fighting. Bombers were flown with airborne search lights out of desperation[citation needed], but to little avail. Of greater potential was the GL (Gunlaying) radar and searchlights with fighter direction from RAF fighter control rooms to begin a GCI system (Ground Control-led Interception) under Group-level control (No. 10 Group RAF, No. 11 Group RAF and No. 12 Group RAF).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Antenna (radio)", "paragraph_text": "An antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency (i.e. a high frequency alternating current (AC)) to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals, that is applied to a receiver to be amplified.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Iron Dome", "paragraph_text": "Iron Dome (, \"\") is a mobile all-weather air defense system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and Israel Aerospace Industries. The system is designed to intercept and destroy short-range rockets and artillery shells fired from distances of to away and whose trajectory would take them to an Israeli populated area. Israel hopes to increase the range of Iron Dome's interceptions, from the current maximum of to and make it more versatile so that it could intercept rockets coming from two directions simultaneously.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Blitz", "paragraph_text": "Nevertheless, it was radar that proved to be critical weapon in the night battles over Britain from this point onward. Dowding had introduced the concept of airborne radar and encouraged its usage. Eventually it would become a success. On the night of 22/23 July 1940, Flying Officer Cyril Ashfield (pilot), Pilot Officer Geoffrey Morris (Observer) and Flight Sergeant Reginald Leyland (Air Intercept radar operator) of the Fighter Interception Unit became the first pilot and crew to intercept and destroy an enemy aircraft using onboard radar to guide them to a visual interception, when their AI night fighter brought down a Do 17 off Sussex. On 19 November 1940 the famous RAF night fighter ace John Cunningham shot down a Ju 88 bomber using airborne radar, just as Dowding had predicted.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cuban Missile Crisis", "paragraph_text": "The next morning, October 26, Kennedy informed the EXCOMM that he believed only an invasion would remove the missiles from Cuba. He was persuaded to give the matter time and continue with both military and diplomatic pressure. He agreed and ordered the low-level flights over the island to be increased from two per day to once every two hours. He also ordered a crash program to institute a new civil government in Cuba if an invasion went ahead.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 27372, "question": "What country was opposed to the invasion of the canal?", "answer": "U.S.", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 34883, "question": "Where did the radio interception orders to #1 > Hellcat fighters come from?", "answer": "combat information centers", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

[ "Combat information center", "combat information center" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Hockenhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Hockenhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. Its summit is 3,293 metres high and lies between the upper Kandertal and the Lötschental. On its southern (Valais) side lies a glacier named \"Milibachgletscher\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is a part of the World Trade Organization and the Nordic Investment Bank. Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "G20", "paragraph_text": "Membership of the G20 consists of 19 individual countries plus the European Union (EU). The EU is represented by the European Commission and by the European Central Bank. Collectively, the G20 economies account for around 85% of the gross world product (GWP), 80% of world trade (or, if excluding EU intra-trade, 75%), two - thirds of the world population, and approximately half of the world land area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Cyprus", "paragraph_text": "According to the latest International Monetary Fund estimates, its per capita GDP (adjusted for purchasing power) at $30,769 is just above the average of the European Union.[citation needed] Cyprus has been sought as a base for several offshore businesses for its low tax rates. Tourism, financial services and shipping are significant parts of the economy. Economic policy of the Cyprus government has focused on meeting the criteria for admission to the European Union. The Cypriot government adopted the euro as the national currency on 1 January 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Warsaw", "paragraph_text": "In 2012 the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe. Today Warsaw is considered an \"Alpha–\" global city, a major international tourist destination and a significant cultural, political and economic hub. Warsaw's economy, by a wide variety of industries, is characterised by FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing. The city is a significant centre of research and development, BPO, ITO, as well as of the Polish media industry. The Warsaw Stock Exchange is one of the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe. Frontex, the European Union agency for external border security, has its headquarters in Warsaw. It has been said that Warsaw, together with Frankfurt, London, Paris and Barcelona is one of the cities with the highest number of skyscrapers in the European Union. Warsaw has also been called \"Eastern Europe’s chic cultural capital with thriving art and club scenes and serious restaurants\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Birghorn", "paragraph_text": "The Birghorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies on the range connecting the Lötschen Pass from the Tschingelhorn, separating the upper Gasterntal (Bernese Oberland) from the Lötschental (Valais).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces", "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Commander is, apart from the honorary ranks held by the King of Sweden and in the past other members of the Swedish Royal Family, by unwritten convention normally the only professional military officer on active duty to hold the highest rank (a four-star General or Admiral). An exception was made 2009-2014 when Håkan Syrén was chairman of the European Union Military Committee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Economy of Greece", "paragraph_text": "Greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country joined what is now the European Union in 1981. In 2001 Greece adopted the euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachmae per euro. Greece is a member of the International Monetary Fund and of the World Trade Organization, and ranked 34th on Ernst & Young's Globalization Index 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "In 1986, Portugal joined the European Economic Community (EEC) that later became the European Union (EU). In the following years Portugal's economy progressed considerably as a result of EEC/EU structural and cohesion funds and Portuguese companies' easier access to foreign markets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life and a very high standard of living. A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities (precursor to the European Union) and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001. It is also a member of numerous other international institutions, including the Council of Europe, NATO,[a] OECD, OIF, OSCE and the WTO. Greece, which is one of the world's largest shipping powers, middle powers and top tourist destinations, has the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "European Inventor Award", "paragraph_text": "The European Inventor Award or European Inventor awards (formerly European Inventor of the Year Award, renamed in 2010), are presented annually by the European Patent Office, sometimes supported by the respective Presidency of the Council of the European Union and by the European Commission, to inventors who have made a significant contribution to innovation, economy and society in Europe. Inventions from all technological fields are considered for this award. The winners in each category are presented with an award shaped like a sail. There is no cash prize associated with the award.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "The severe weather in the Alps has been studied since the 18th century; particularly the weather patterns such as the seasonal foehn wind. Numerous weather stations were placed in the mountains early in the early 20th century, providing continuous data for climatologists. Some of the valleys are quite arid such as the Aosta valley in Italy, the Maurienne in France, the Valais in Switzerland, and northern Tyrol.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "The World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report currently ranks Switzerland's economy as the most competitive in the world, while ranked by the European Union as Europe's most innovative country. For much of the 20th century, Switzerland was the wealthiest country in Europe by a considerable margin (by GDP – per capita). In 2007 the gross median household income in Switzerland was an estimated 137,094 USD at Purchasing power parity while the median income was 95,824 USD. Switzerland also has one of the world's largest account balances as a percentage of GDP.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Netherlands", "paragraph_text": "The Netherlands has a developed economy and has been playing a special role in the European economy for many centuries. Since the 16th century, shipping, fishing, agriculture, trade, and banking have been leading sectors of the Dutch economy. The Netherlands has a high level of economic freedom. The Netherlands is one of the top countries in the Global Enabling Trade Report (2nd in 2016), and was ranked the fifth most competitive economy in the world by the Swiss International Institute for Management Development in 2017. In addition, the country was ranked the second most innovative nation in the world in the 2018 Global Innovation Index.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "List of countries by GDP (nominal)", "paragraph_text": "Although the rankings of national economies have changed considerably over time, the United States has maintained its top position since the Gilded Age, a time period in which its economy saw rapid expansion, surpassing the British Empire and Qing dynasty in aggregate output. Since China's transition to a market - based economy through privatisation and deregulation, the country has seen its ranking increase from ninth in 1978 to second to only the United States in 2016 as economic growth accelerated and its share of global nominal GDP surged from 2% in 1980 to 15% in 2016. India has also experienced a similar economic boom since the implementation of economic liberalisation in the early 1990s. When supranational entities are included, the European Union is the second largest economy in the world. It was the largest from 2004, when ten countries joined the union, to 2014, after which it was surpassed by the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "In 1999, Estonia experienced its worst year economically since it regained independence in 1991, largely because of the impact of the 1998 Russian financial crisis.[citation needed] Estonia joined the WTO in November 1999. With assistance from the European Union, the World Bank and the Nordic Investment Bank, Estonia completed most of its preparations for European Union membership by the end of 2002 and now has one of the strongest economies of the new member states of the European Union.[citation needed] Estonia joined the OECD in 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "The Greek economy is classified as advanced and high-income. Greece was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). In 1979 the accession of the country in the European Communities and the single market was signed, and the process was completed in 1982. Greece was accepted into the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union on 19 June 2000, and in January 2001 adopted the Euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro. Greece is also a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization, and is ranked 24th on the KOF Globalization Index for 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Between 2007 and 2013, Estonia receives 53.3 billion kroons (3.4 billion euros) from various European Union Structural Funds as direct supports by creating the largest foreign investments into Estonia ever. Majority of the European Union financial aid will be invested into to the following fields: energy economies, entrepreneurship, administrative capability, education, information society, environment protection, regional and local development, research and development activities, healthcare and welfare, transportation and labour market.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "Greece is a developed country with high standards of living[citation needed] and high Human Development Index. Its economy mainly comprises the service sector (85.0%) and industry (12.0%), while agriculture makes up 3.0% of the national economic output. Important Greek industries include tourism (with 14.9 million international tourists in 2009, it is ranked as the 7th most visited country in the European Union and 16th in the world by the United Nations World Tourism Organization) and merchant shipping (at 16.2% of the world's total capacity, the Greek merchant marine is the largest in the world), while the country is also a considerable agricultural producer (including fisheries) within the union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Aftermath of World War II", "paragraph_text": "At the end of the war, millions of people were dead and millions homeless, the European economy had collapsed, and much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed. The Soviet Union, too, had been heavily affected. In response, in 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall devised the ``European Recovery Program '', which became known as the Marshall Plan. Under the plan, during 1948 -- 1952 the United States government allocated US $13 billion (US $139 billion in 2016 dollars) for the reconstruction of Western Europe.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 9438, "question": "Where is the Valais located?", "answer": "Switzerland", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 22384, "question": "How did the European Union rank #1 's economy?", "answer": "Europe's most innovative country", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[ "Europe" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Luis de Quintanar", "paragraph_text": "José Luis de Quintanar Soto y Ruiz (born December 22, 1772, San Juan del Río, Querétaro - November 16, 1837, Mexico City) was a Royalist military officer in colonial New Spain, and a politician after the 1821 independence of Mexico.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Southeast Asia", "paragraph_text": "The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused by seasonal shift in winds or monsoon. The tropical rain belt causes additional rainfall during the monsoon season. The rain forest is the second largest on earth (with the Amazon being the largest). An exception to this type of climate and vegetation is the mountain areas in the northern region, where high altitudes lead to milder temperatures and drier landscape. Other parts fall out of this climate because they are desert like.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "In 1906, the franchise recorded a Major League record 116 wins (tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners) and posted a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, which still stands today. They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League team to play in three consecutive Fall Classics, and the first to win it twice. The team has appeared in seven World Series following their 1908 title, most recently in 1945. The Cubs have not won the World Series in 107 years, the longest championship drought of any major North American professional sports team, and are often referred to as the \"Lovable Losers\" because of this distinction. They are also known as \"The North Siders\" because Wrigley Field, their home park since 1916, is located in Chicago's North Side Lake View community at 1060 West Addison Street. The Cubs have a major rivalry with the St. Louis Cardinals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Devil's Backbone", "paragraph_text": "The Devil's Backbone () is a 2001 gothic horror film directed by Guillermo del Toro, and written by del Toro, David Muñoz, and Antonio Trashorras. It was independently produced by Pedro Almodóvar as an international co-production between Spain and Mexico, and was filmed in Madrid.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Mexican War of Independence", "paragraph_text": "On September 27, 1821 the Army of the Three Guarantees entered Mexico City, and the following day Iturbide proclaimed the independence of the Mexican Empire, as New Spain was henceforth to be called. The Treaty of Córdoba was not ratified by the Spanish Cortes. Iturbide included a special clause in the treaty that left open the possibility for a criollo monarch to be appointed by a Mexican congress if no suitable member of the European royalty would accept the Mexican crown. Half of the new government employees appointed were Iturbide's followers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "History of the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "The first recorded visit by Europeans is the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan. He sighted Samar Island on March 16, 1521 and landed the next day on Homonhon Island, now part of Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Spanish colonization began with the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi's expedition on February 13, 1565 from Mexico. He established the first permanent settlement in Cebu. Much of the archipelago came under Spanish rule, creating the first unified political structure known as the Philippines. Spanish colonial rule saw the introduction of Christianity, the code of law and the oldest modern university in Asia. The Philippines was ruled under the Mexico - based Viceroyalty of New Spain until Mexican independence. After which, the colony was directly governed by Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Chango Carmona", "paragraph_text": "Carmona is believed to be the boxer who began the tradition of having a big fight on the Mexico Independence Day holiday weekend when he stopped Mando Ramos in the eighth round to win the lightweight title in Los Angeles on Sept. 15, 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Antonio Narbona", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Narbona (1773 – 20 March 1830) was a Spanish soldier from Mobile, now in Alabama, who fought native American people in the northern part of Mexico (now the southwestern United States) around the turn of the nineteenth century. He supported the independence of Mexico from Spain in 1821.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "British America", "paragraph_text": "British America gained large amounts of new territory following the Treaty of Paris (1763) which ended British involvement in the Seven Years' War. At the start of the American War of Independence in 1775, the British Empire included twenty colonies north and east of New Spain (present - day areas of Mexico and the Western United States). East and West Florida were ceded to Spain in the Treaty of Paris (1783) which ended the American Revolution, and then ceded by Spain to the United States in 1819. The remaining continental colonies of British North America formed the Dominion of Canada by uniting between 1867 and 1873. The Dominion of Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Ignacio López Rayón", "paragraph_text": "Ignacio López Rayón (July 31, 1773 in Tlalpujahua, Intendancy of Valladolid (present-day Michoacán), New Spain – February 2, 1832 in Mexico City) was a general who led the insurgent forces of his country after Miguel Hidalgo's death, during the first years of the Mexican War of Independence. He subsequently established the first government, Zitacuaro Council, and first constitution, Constitutional Elements, of the proposed independent nation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Great Flood of 1862", "paragraph_text": "The Great Flood of 1862 was the largest flood in the recorded history of Oregon, Nevada, and California, occurring from December 1861 to January 1862, caused by an ARkStorm. It was preceded by weeks of continuous rains and snows in the very high elevations that began in Oregon in November 1861 and continued into January 1862. This was followed by a record amount of rain from January 9–12, and contributed to a flood that extended from the Columbia River southward in western Oregon, and through California to San Diego, and extended as far inland as Idaho in the Washington Territory, Nevada and Utah in the Utah Territory, and Arizona in the western New Mexico Territory. The ARkStorm dumped an equivalent of 10 feet of rainfall in California, in the form of rain and snow, over a period of 43 days. Immense snowfalls in the mountains of the far western United States caused more flooding in Idaho, Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora, Mexico the following spring and summer as the snow melted.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Russia at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Russia has participated in 4 FIFA World Cups since its independence in December 1991. The Russian Federation played their first international match against Mexico on 16 August 1992 winning 2 - 0. Their first participation in a World Cup was the United States of America in 1994 and they achieved 18th place. In 1946 the Soviet Union was accepted by FIFA and played their first World Cup in Sweden 1958. The Soviet Union represented 15 Socialist republics and various football federations, and the majority of players came from the Dynamo Kyiv team of the Ukrainian SSR. The Soviet Union national football team played in 7 World Cups. Their best performance was reaching 4th place in England 1966. However Soviet football was dissolved in 1991 when Belarus, Russia and Ukraine declared independence under the Belavezha Accords. The CIS national football team (Commonwealth of Independent States) was formed with other independent nations in 1992 but did not participate in any World Cups.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "Mexico’s capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians (Native Americans), the other being Quito. The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan, which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan, and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, and as of 1585 it was officially known as Ciudad de México (Mexico City). Mexico City served as the political, administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire. After independence from Spain was achieved, the Federal District was created in 1824.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "José Mariano Beristain", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Puebla, Mexico, but went to Spain and spent some time in the family of the former Bishop of Puebla, then Archbishop of Toledo. Returning to Mexico (1811) he was made Archdeacon of the Metropolitan church of Mexico (1813), and was afterwards its Dean. Beristain was a secular priest who had made thorough studies in Mexico and perfected them in Spain under the favourable circumstances. He wrote a number of treatises, some of them on economic subjects, but hardly any were published, the manuscripts being mostly lost in sending them to Europe. He died in Mexico.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "The Battle for Mexico City was the series of engagements from September 8 to September 15, 1847, in the general vicinity of Mexico City during the Mexican–American War. Included are major actions at the battles of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec, culminating with the fall of Mexico City. The U.S. Army under Winfield Scott scored a major success that ended the war. The American invasion into the Federal District was first resisted during the Battle of Churubusco on August 8 where the Saint Patrick's Battalion, which was composed primarily of Catholic Irish and German immigrants, but also Canadians, English, French, Italians, Poles, Scots, Spaniards, Swiss, and Mexican people, fought for the Mexican cause repelling the American attacks. After defeating the Saint Patrick's Battalion, the Mexican–American War came to a close after the United States deployed combat units deep into Mexico resulting in the capture of Mexico City and Veracruz by the U.S. Army's 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Divisions. The invasion culminated with the storming of Chapultepec Castle in the city itself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)", "paragraph_text": "During the campaign for the United Kingdom general election, 2010, The Independent ran ads declaring that \"Rupert Murdoch won't decide this election – you will.\" In response James Murdoch and Rebekah Wade \"appeared unannounced and uninvited on the editorial floor\" of the Independent, and had an energetic conversation with its editor Simon Kelner. Several days later the Independent reported The Sun's failure to report its own YouGov poll result which said that \"if people thought Mr Clegg's party had a significant chance of winning the election\" the Liberal Democrats would win 49% of the vote, and with it a landslide majority.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Basaseachic Falls", "paragraph_text": "Basaseachic Falls (Spanish: \"Cascada de Basaseachi\") on the Basaseachic River is the second-highest waterfall in Mexico, located in the Parque Nacional Basaseachic (Basaseachic Falls National Park) at Cañon Basaseachic in the Copper Canyon region of northwest Mexico, near Creel, Chihuahua. It is 246 meters (807 ft) tall, second in Mexico only to the Cascada de Piedra Volada (Flying Stone Falls).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Málaga, Spain but moved to Puebla, Mexico, in 1620 to compose music in the New World. At the time New Spain was a viceroyalty of Spain that included modern day Mexico, Guatemala, the Philippines and other parts of Central America and the Caribbean. Padilla is one of the more important composers represented in the manuscripts at Puebla, Mexico and the Hackenberry collection in Chicago, Illinois. He worked at Puebla de Los Angeles, Mexico, which in Baroque times was a bigger religious center than Mexico City itself. He was appointed \"maestro de capilla\" of Puebla Cathedral in 1628.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Dancing Rain", "paragraph_text": "Dancing Rain was bred by Swettenham Stud, a breeding operation owned by the Sangster family, and was foaled on 24 April 2008 at Camas Park Stud in Tipperary. Dancing Rain's sire, Danehill Dancer, stands at Coolmore Stud and also produced Choisir, a renowned sprinter. Her dam, Rain Flower, did not race and is a three-quarters sister to Epsom Derby winner Dr. Devious. Rain Flower has produced nine foals to date, and five of her offspring have gone on to win races.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sioux Falls Canaries", "paragraph_text": "The Sioux Falls Canaries are a professional baseball team based in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States. The Canaries are a member of the North Division of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball. Since the 1993 season, the Canaries have played their home games at Sioux Falls Stadium, commonly known as The Birdcage. In the 2010, 2011, and 2012 seasons, the team was called the Sioux Falls Fighting Pheasants.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 84972, "question": "where did mexico win its independence from spain", "answer": "Mexico City", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 19154, "question": "When does the majority of the rain fall in #1 ?", "answer": "June to October", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Aleutian Islands", "paragraph_text": "The Aleutian Islands (Aleut: Tanam Unangaa, literally ``Land of the Aleuts ''; pronounced (/ əˈluːʃən /; possibly from Chukchi aliat,`` island'') are a chain of 14 large volcanic islands and 55 smaller ones belonging to both the U.S. state of Alaska and the Russian federal subject of Kamchatka Krai. They form part of the Aleutian Arc in the Northern Pacific Ocean, occupying an area of 6,821 sq mi (17,666 km) and extending about 1,200 mi (1,900 km) westward from the Alaska Peninsula toward the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia, and mark a dividing line between the Bering Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Crossing longitude 180 °, at which point east and west longitude end, the archipelago contains both the westernmost part of the United States by longitude (Amatignak Island) and the easternmost by longitude (Semisopochnoi Island). The westernmost U.S. island in real terms, however, is Attu Island, west of which runs the International Date Line. While nearly all the archipelago is part of Alaska and is usually considered as being in the ``Alaskan Bush '', at the extreme western end, the small, geologically related Commander Islands belong to Russia.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Alaska", "paragraph_text": "Alaska has few road connections compared to the rest of the U.S. The state's road system covers a relatively small area of the state, linking the central population centers and the Alaska Highway, the principal route out of the state through Canada. The state capital, Juneau, is not accessible by road, only a car ferry, which has spurred several debates over the decades about moving the capital to a city on the road system, or building a road connection from Haines. The western part of Alaska has no road system connecting the communities with the rest of Alaska.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Sullivan's Island, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Sullivan's Island is a town and island in Charleston County, South Carolina, United States, at the entrance to Charleston Harbor, with a population of 1,791 at the 2010 census. The town is part of the Charleston metropolitan area, and is considered a very affluent suburb of Charleston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Bethel, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Bethel is a town in Pitt County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,577 at the 2010 Census. The town is a part of the Greenville Metropolitan Area located in North Carolina's Inner Banks region. Confusingly, there are three other towns in the state named \"Bethel.\" One is between Edenton and Hertford in the \"Finger Counties\" region in the Northeast corner of the state, another is in the North-Central part in Caswell County and the third is located in the Mountain Region of North Carolina in Haywood County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Rhode Island Urban Debate League", "paragraph_text": "The Rhode Island Urban Debate League (RIUDL) is an American urban debate league located in Rhode Island. It operates as a community partnership program between Brown University's Howard R. Swearer Center for Public Service and the Rhode Island high schools with which RIUDL is affiliated.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Raspberry Island (Wisconsin)", "paragraph_text": "Raspberry Island is one of the Apostle Islands in northern Wisconsin, in Lake Superior, and is part of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. The island is part of the Town of Russell, in Bayfield County. The Raspberry Island Light is located on the island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Alaska", "paragraph_text": "Alaska is the northernmost and westernmost state in the United States and has the most easterly longitude in the United States because the Aleutian Islands extend into the eastern hemisphere. Alaska is the only non-contiguous U.S. state on continental North America; about 500 miles (800 km) of British Columbia (Canada) separates Alaska from Washington. It is technically part of the continental U.S., but is sometimes not included in colloquial use; Alaska is not part of the contiguous U.S., often called \"the Lower 48\". The capital city, Juneau, is situated on the mainland of the North American continent but is not connected by road to the rest of the North American highway system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Alaska", "paragraph_text": "With its myriad islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (54,720 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. Unimak Island, for example, is home to Mount Shishaldin, which is an occasionally smoldering volcano that rises to 10,000 feet (3,048 m) above the North Pacific. It is the most perfect volcanic cone on Earth, even more symmetrical than Japan's Mount Fuji. The chain of volcanoes extends to Mount Spurr, west of Anchorage on the mainland. Geologists have identified Alaska as part of Wrangellia, a large region consisting of multiple states and Canadian provinces in the Pacific Northwest, which is actively undergoing continent building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Bailadores", "paragraph_text": "Bailadores is a town in the western part of the Mérida State of Venezuela and is the capital of the Rivas Dávila Municipality.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Indiana", "paragraph_text": "In order to decrease the threat of Indian raids following the Battle of Tippecanoe, Corydon, a town in the far southern part of Indiana, was named the second capital of the Indiana Territory in May 1813. Two years later, a petition for statehood was approved by the territorial general assembly and sent to Congress. An Enabling Act was passed to provide an election of delegates to write a constitution for Indiana. On June 10, 1816, delegates assembled at Corydon to write the constitution, which was completed in 19 days. President James Madison approved Indiana's admission into the union as the nineteenth state on December 11, 1816. In 1825, the state capital was moved from Corydon to Indianapolis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sanak Islands", "paragraph_text": "The Sanak Islands are a subgroup of the Fox Islands group of islands, located in the Aleutians East Borough of Alaska.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "153rd Infantry Regiment (United States)", "paragraph_text": "The 153d Infantry Regiment (First Arkansas) is a United States infantry regiment, currently represented in the Arkansas Army National Guard by the 1st Battalion, 153rd Infantry, headquartered at Malvern, Arkansas, and 2nd Battalion, 153rd Infantry, headquartered at Searcy, Arkansas, elements of the 39th Brigade Combat Team. The regiment was also represented by the 3rd Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment headquartered at Warren, Arkansas until that unit was deactivated on 5 September 2005. The regiment was activated as the 1st Arkansas Volunteer Infantry for the Spanish–American War, but did not deploy overseas. The regiment was activated for World War I, redesignated as the 153rd Infantry and shipped to France as a part of the 39th Division, but became a replacement division and personnel were reassigned to other AEF units. The regiment was activated for World War II and deployed to the Aleutian Islands, participating in the Aleutian Islands Campaign. Recently, elements of the regiment have participated in two deployments in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom, in 2004 and again in 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Spectacle Island (Maine)", "paragraph_text": "Spectacle Island is a privately owned island off Bar Harbor in Maine, United States. It is 4 acre-wide. It is owned by Ashley Longmaid. , it is the world's ninth most expensive island. It is part of the Town of Winter Harbor, in Hancock County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Burnt Pine", "paragraph_text": "Burnt Pine (Norfuk language \"Ban Pain\") is the largest town on Norfolk Island (in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia). It is the main commercial hub of the island, and travel from one side of the island to another generally involves passing through Burnt Pine as the island's sole thoroughfare runs through the town's centre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Volcanic arc", "paragraph_text": "Two classic examples of oceanic island arcs are the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean and the Lesser Antilles in the western Atlantic Ocean. The Cascade Volcanic Arc in western North America and the Andes along the western edge of South America are examples of continental volcanic arcs. The best examples of volcanic arcs with both sets of characteristics are in the North Pacific, with the Aleutian Arc consisting of the Aleutian Islands and their extension the Aleutian Range on the Alaska Peninsula, and the Kuril - Kamchatka Arc comprising the Kuril Islands and southern Kamchatka Peninsula.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Report from the Aleutians", "paragraph_text": "Report from the Aleutians is a 1943 documentary propaganda film produced by the U.S. Army Signal Corps about the Aleutian Islands Campaign during World War II. It was directed and narrated by John Huston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Mumbil, New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "Mumbil is a town in the east of central New South Wales, Australia. The town is within Dubbo Regional Council, part of the Orana Region, north west of the state capital, Sydney.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Bhawan Bahadur Nagar", "paragraph_text": "Bhawan Bahadur Nagar (B. B. Nagar) is a town and a nagar panchayat in Bulandshahr district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.It is also a part of the National Capital Region of Delhi. This town is near to Hapur District .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Cold Bay, Alaska", "paragraph_text": "Cold Bay (Udaamagax in Aleut) is a city in Aleutians East Borough, Alaska, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 108.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Parliament of South Africa", "paragraph_text": "Parliament sits in Cape Town, even though the seat of government is in Pretoria. This dates back to the foundation of the Union, when there was disagreement among the four provinces as to which city would be the national capital. As a compromise, Cape Town was designated the legislative capital, Bloemfontein the judicial capital, and Pretoria the administrative capital. The African National Congress (ANC) government has proposed moving Parliament to Pretoria, arguing that the present arrangement is cumbersome as ministers, civil servants and diplomats must move back and forth when Parliament is in session.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 70393, "question": "the aleutian islands are part of which state", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 28707, "question": "Why is there a debate about moving the capital of #1 to another town?", "answer": "Juneau, is not accessible by road", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

[ "Juneau" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "No Marriage Ties", "paragraph_text": "No Marriage Ties is a 1933 American pre-Code drama film directed by J. Walter Ruben and written by Arthur Caesar, H.W. Hanemann, Sam Mintz. The film stars Richard Dix, Elizabeth Allan, Doris Kenyon, Alan Dinehart and David Landau. The film was released on August 8, 1933, by RKO Pictures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Doorway to Hell", "paragraph_text": "The Doorway to Hell is a 1930 American pre-Code crime film directed by Archie Mayo and starring Lew Ayres and James Cagney, in his second film role. The film was based on the story \"A Handful of Clouds\", written by Rowland Brown. The film's title was typical of the sensationalistic titles of many Pre-Code films. It was marketed with the tagline, \"The picture Gangland defied Hollywood to make!\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "The Beast of Borneo", "paragraph_text": "The Beast of Borneo is a 1934 American Pre-Code film directed by Harry Garson. The film is made up mostly of leftover footage from Universal Studios's \"East of Borneo\", made in 1931. A couple of added dialogue scenes were spliced into what was essentially a travelogue and a series of close-ups of an enraged orangutan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "List of James Bond villains", "paragraph_text": "SPECTRE -- SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion, first appeared in the novel Thunderball and replaced SMERSH as Bond's nemesis in the films. The independent terrorist organisation is headed by Ernst Stavro Blofeld. In the 2015 film, Spectre, 007 digs deep into the organisation and tries to get payback for his beloved M (Judi Dench); he discovers the organisation is headed by his adopted brother Franz Oberhauser, now calling himself Blofeld, and that its entire purpose was to personally persecute Bond himself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Marriage Playground", "paragraph_text": "The Marriage Playground is a 1929 American pre-Code drama film directed by Lothar Mendes, and written by Doris Anderson, J. Walter Ruben, and Edith Wharton. The film stars Mary Brian, Fredric March, Lilyan Tashman, Huntley Gordon, Kay Francis, William Austin, and Seena Owen. The film was released on December 21, 1929, by Paramount Pictures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Strasbourg European Fantastic Film Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Strasbourg European Fantastic Film Festival (SEFFF) (French: Festival Européen du Film Fantastique de Strasbourg (FEFFS)), is an annual film festival held in Strasbourg, France, that focus on fantasy, science fiction and horror films. The festival takes place annually in September since 2008, it derives from the Spectre Film Festival that was created in 2005 by the organization \"Les Films du Spectre\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Serena van der Woodsen", "paragraph_text": "A scene set in the future shows everyone reunited at the Bass - Waldorf residence, witnessing the marriage of Dan and Serena.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Vixen!", "paragraph_text": "Vixen! is a 1968 American drama film and satiric softcore sexploitation film directed by Russ Meyer and starring Erica Gavin. It was the first film to be given an X rating for its sex scenes, and was a breakthrough success for Meyer. The film was developed from a script by Meyer and Anthony James Ryan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "On 13 March 2015, several members of the cast and crew, including Craig, Whishaw, Wilson and Mendes, as well as previous James Bond actor, Sir Roger Moore, appeared in a sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day on BBC One. In the sketch, they film a behind-the-scenes mockumentary on the filming of Spectre. The first teaser trailer for Spectre was released worldwide in March 2015, followed by the theatrical trailer in July and the final trailer in October.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre. In March 2015 IMAX corporation announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas, following Skyfall's success with the company. In the UK it received a wider release than Skyfall, with a minimum of 647 cinemas including 40 IMAX screens, compared to Skyfall's 587 locations and 21 IMAX screens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Belle of the Nineties", "paragraph_text": "Belle of the Nineties (1934) is Mae West's fourth motion picture, directed by Leo McCarey and released by Paramount Pictures. The film was based on West's original story \"It Ain't No Sin\", which was also to be the film's title until censors objected. Johnny Mack Brown, Duke Ellington, and Katherine DeMille are also in the cast. Shooting commenced on March 19, 1934, and concluded in June. The film was released on September 21, 1934. It had a domestic (U.S.) gross of $2,000,000. As usual with West's films, some scenes were removed for versions to be shown in different states. To be shown in New York, one of the biggest markets, they had to completely re-shoot the final scene. Mae West's character and the Tiger Kid were originally to complete their nuptials without a marriage ceremony; the ceremony had to be included.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Week-End Marriage", "paragraph_text": "Week-End Marriage is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Thornton Freeland and starring Loretta Young. It was produced by First National Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. It is based on the 1932 novel, \"Week-End Marriage\", by Faith Baldwin. The film is preserved at the Library of Congress.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Spectre has received mixed reviews, with many reviewers either giving the film highly positive or highly negative feedback. Many critics praised the film's opening scene, action sequences, stuntwork, cinematography and performances from the cast. In some early reviews, the film received favourable comparisons with its predecessor, Skyfall. Rotten Tomatoes sampled 274 reviews and judged 64% of the critiques to be positive, saying that the film \"nudges Daniel Craig's rebooted Bond closer to the glorious, action-driven spectacle of earlier entries, although it's admittedly reliant on established 007 formula.\" On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 60 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A−\" on an A+ to F scale.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the film, giving the effect of around ten thousand extras.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "In November 2013 MGM and the McClory estate formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC—sister company of Eon Productions—with MGM acquiring the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre and all of the characters associated with it. With the acquisition of the film rights and the organisation's re-introduction to the series' continuity, the SPECTRE acronym was discarded and the organisation reimagined as \"Spectre\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Whilst filming in Mexico City, speculation in the media claimed that the script had been altered to accommodate the demands of Mexican authorities—reportedly influencing details of the scene and characters, casting choices, and modifying the script in order to portray the country in a \"positive light\"—in order to secure tax concessions and financial support worth up to $20 million for the film. This was denied by producer Michael G. Wilson, who stated that the scene had always been intended to be shot in Mexico as production had been attracted to the imagery of the Day of the Dead, and that the script had been developed from there. Production of Skyfall had previously faced similar problems while attempting to secure permits to shoot the film's pre-title sequence in India before moving to Istanbul.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Big Fish", "paragraph_text": "Burton planned to start filming in October 2002, but principal photography in Alabama did not begin until January 13, 2003. Apart from filming in Paris for one week in May, \"Big Fish\" was entirely shot in Alabama, mostly in Wetumpka and Montgomery (such as the Cloverdale neighborhood). Brief filming also took place in Tallassee and on the campus of Huntingdon College. Scenes for the town of Spectre were filmed on a custom set located on an island in Lake Jackson between Montgomery and Millbrook, Alabama, adjacent to the Alabama River. Principal photography for \"Big Fish\" in Alabama continued until the first week of April. and is estimated to have generated as much as $25 million for the local economy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Bring 'Em Back Alive (film)", "paragraph_text": "Bring 'Em Back Alive is a 1932 American Pre-Code jungle adventure documentary filmed in Malaya starring Frank Buck. The film was promoted with an NBC radio series of the same title.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Yamaleela 2", "paragraph_text": "\"The Times of India\" wrote \"\"Yamaleela 2\" lacks energy and some of the scenes are so outdated that you begin to wonder if the film itself is stuck in a time warp just like its characters\" and rated with 2 out of 5. \"Deccan Chronicle\" wrote \"Film lacks freshness with the slow narration and when compare to the first one, this \"Yamaleela 2\" is no match to it. You can watch it for only Mohan Babu’s impressive performance\" and rated 2.5 out of 5.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "SPECTRE", "paragraph_text": "SPECTRE (SPecial Executive for Counterintelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion) is a fictional organisation featured in the James Bond novels by Ian Fleming, the films based on those novels, and James Bond video games. Led by evil genius and supervillain Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the international organization first formally appeared in the novel \"Thunderball\" (1961) and in the film \"Dr. No\" (1962). SPECTRE is not aligned to any nation or political ideology, enabling the later Bond books and Bond films to be regarded as somewhat apolitical, though the presence of former Gestapo members in the organisation are a clear sign of Fleming's warning of the Nazi fascists surviving after the Second World War first detailed in the novel \"Moonraker\" (1954). SPECTRE began in the novels as a small group of criminals but became a vast international organisation with its own SPECTRE Island training base in the films, to replace the Soviet SMERSH.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 1265, "question": "Where was the pre-title scene in Spectre filmed?", "answer": "Mexico", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 21126, "question": "What is the rate of interreligious marriage in #1 ?", "answer": "as low as 10%", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "European Central Bank", "paragraph_text": "There is also a widespread view[vague][who?] that giving much more financial support to continuously cover the debt crisis or allow even higher budget deficits or debt levels would discourage the crisis states to implement necessary reforms to regain their competitiveness.[citation needed] There has also been a reluctance[citation needed] of financially stable eurozone states like Germany[citation needed] to further circumvent the no-bailout clause in the EU contracts and to generally take on the burden of financing or guaranteeing the debts of financially unstable or defaulting eurozone countries.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Fix (film)", "paragraph_text": "Fix is a 2008 feature film directed by Tao Ruspoli starring Shawn Andrews, Olivia Wilde, Megalyn Echikunwoke, Tao Ruspoli, Dedee Pfeiffer and Andrew Fiscella.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "European Central Bank", "paragraph_text": "However, if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks, it weakens the private banking system, which then puts pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks. Private-sector bond holders are an integral part of the public and private banking system. Another possible response is for wealthy member countries to guarantee or purchase the debt of countries that have defaulted or are likely to default. This alternative requires that the tax revenues and credit of the wealthy member countries be used to refinance the previous borrowing of the weaker member countries, and is politically controversial.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Life Show", "paragraph_text": "Life Show () is a 2002 Chinese film directed by Huo Jianqi. A drama, \"Life Show\" tells the story of a restaurant owner, played by Tao Hong, whose busy life dealing with family and business is nevertheless a lonely one. Her life takes a turn, however, when one of her long-time customers, played by Tao Zeru, shows a romantic interest in her. The film was a co-production between the China Film Group and the Beijing Film Studio. It was based on a novel by Chi Li and was adapted by Si Wu.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "National debt of the United States", "paragraph_text": "As of July 31, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.6 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.7 trillion, for a total or ``National Debt ''of $21.4 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. As of December 2017, $6.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest being China (about $1.18 trillion) then Japan (about $1.06 trillion).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Tai Chi Hero", "paragraph_text": "Tai Chi Hero (太極２ 英雄崛起) is a 2012 Hong Kong-Chinese 3D martial arts film directed by Stephen Fung, written and produced by Chen Kuo-fu. It is the sequel to Fung's 2012 film \"Tai Chi Zero\". It was released in Hong Kong on 25 October 2012. It is to be followed by a third undeveloped movie named \"Tai Chi Summit\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Debt: The First 5000 Years", "paragraph_text": "Debt: The First 5,000 Years is a book by anthropologist David Graeber published in 2011. It explores the historical relationship of debt with social institutions such as barter, marriage, friendship, slavery, law, religion, war and government; in short, much of the fabric of human life in society. It draws on the history and anthropology of a number of civilizations, large and small, from the first known records of debt from Sumer in 3500 BC until the present.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Chi Chi (giant panda)", "paragraph_text": "She was caught in May 1955 in Baoxing, Sichuan, and moved to the Beijing Zoo in June. In May 1957, Kliment Voroshilov made a request for a panda for the Moscow Zoo during his visit to China, and she was sent to Moscow with another panda in the same month. However, the attempts to mate them were unsuccessful due to sexual imprinting as a result of being reared by human keepers. The Russians suspected that both pandas were male, and as a result, the Soviets returned Chi Chi to China in exchange for another panda in January 1958. In May of the same year, the Austrian animal broker, Heini Demmer, acquired Chi Chi from Beijing Zoo in exchange for an impressive collection of African hoofstock and brought the animal back to Moscow Zoo. After resting for a week, the panda journeyed to Tierpark Berlin, the zoo in East Berlin. By then, Chi Chi had already been sold to Brookfield Zoo in Illinois, United States. However, the Treasury Department stepped in and announced that the US trade embargo on goods from the People's Republic of China extended even to pandas. Chi Chi was thus refused entry to the USA. The Frankfurt Zoological Garden provided a temporary home for the panda until Demmer decided to temporarily hire the animal out to European zoos. She then visited Copenhagen Zoo before she arrived at London Zoo on 5 September 1958. The Zoological Society of London had stated that it would not encourage collection of wild pandas, but accepted Chi Chi since she had already been collected. Although Chi Chi's visit was originally planned to last for only three weeks, it was decided to buy her for £12,000. Chi Chi became property of London Zoo on 26 September 1958.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chinatown Kid", "paragraph_text": "Chinatown Kid () is a 1977 Shaw Brothers kung fu film directed by Chang Cheh, with action choreography by Robert Tai Chi Hsien and Lee Ka Ting, and starring Alexander Fu Sheng and the Venom Mob.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Chamisal, New Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Chamisal is a census-designated place (CDP) in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. It is on the scenic High Road to Taos. The population was 301 at the 2000 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Kung Fu Tai Chi", "paragraph_text": "Kung Fu Tai Chi (also commonly known as Kung Fu Magazine) is a United States magazine covering martial arts and combat sports (mainly Chinese Martial Arts). \"Kung Fu Tai Chi\" magazine began publication 1992 and is owned by TC Media, Inc. The magazine was started as a quarterly. In 1996 its frequency was switched to bimonthly and in 2000 to monthly. In 2001 it again became a bimonthly magazine. The headquarters is in Fremont, California. In 2009 Kung Fu Magazine started a YouTube account and posts videos on covering the full spectrum of Chinese martial arts and demonstrations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Vàm Cỏ", "paragraph_text": "The Vàm Cỏ River (sông Vàm Cỏ) is a river in Vietnam, south of Ho Chi Minh City. It joins the Soài Rạp in the Cần Giờ Mangrove Forest and is fed by two shallow tributaries, the Vàm Cỏ Tay (west) and Vàm Cỏ Dong (east) forming a V.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Dai Jitao", "paragraph_text": "Dai Jitao or Tai Chi-t'ao (; January 6, 1891 – February 21, 1949) was a Chinese journalist, an early Kuomintang member, and the first head of the Examination Yuan of the Republic of China. He is often referred to as Dai Chuanxian () or by his other courtesy name, Dai Xuantang ().", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Cheng Tin Hung", "paragraph_text": "Though closely associated with the Wu school of taijiquan, he founded a separate organisation called the Hong Kong Tai Chi Association (香港太極總會) which is now run by his wife Chan Lai Ping(陳麗平).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Christopher Dow (author)", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Dow (born June 17, 1950) is an American writer. He is the author of three volumes of poetry, four novels, a collection of essays and a theoretical book on the martial art of t'ai chi ch'uan. A practitioner of t'ai chi for more than 30 years, Dow has written articles on these subjects that have appeared in \"Tai Chi Magazine\", \"Inside Kung Fu\" and \"Yoga Journal\". He also wrote, directed and produced several video productions, including a documentary series on the first nationally sanctioned kung fu tournament in the United States, the U.S. National Chinese Martial Arts Competition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Shanghai 13", "paragraph_text": "Shanghai 13, also known as The Shanghai Thirteen, is a 1984 Hong Kong-Taiwanese martial arts film written and directed by Chang Cheh and starring an ensemble cast of notable film stars such as Andy Lau, Jimmy Wang Yu, Ti Lung, Chen Kuan-tai, Danny Lee, Bryan Leung, David Chiang, Chiang Sheng, Chi Kuan-chun, Chan Sing, Lu Feng and more.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Steel industry in China", "paragraph_text": "In 2011 China was the largest producer of steel in the world producing 45% of the world's steel, 683 million tons, an increase of 9% from 2010. 6 of 10 of largest steel producers in the world are in China. Profits are low despite continued high demand due to high debt and overproduction of high end products produced with the equipment financed by the high debt. The central government is aware of this problem but there is no easy way to resolve it as local governments strongly support local steel production. Meanwhile, each firm aggressively increases production. Iron ore production kept pace with steel production in the early 1990s but was soon outpaced by imported iron ore and other metals in the early 2000s. Steel production, an estimated 140 million tons in 2000 increased to 419 million tons in 2006. Much of the country's steel output comes from a large number of small - scale producing centers, one of the largest being Anshan in Liaoning.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Tai Chi 0", "paragraph_text": "Tai Chi 0 or Tai Chi Zero (太極之零開始) or (太極：從零開始) is a 2012 Chinese 3D martial arts film directed by Stephen Fung. It is a fictitious retelling of how the Chen style of the martial art t'ai chi ch'uan, that for generations was kept within the Chen family of \"Chenjiagou\", was taught to the first outsider, Yang Luchan, by Chen Changxing. This is the first film to be produced by Stephen Fung's and Daniel Wu's new production company, Diversion Pictures and also marks the acting debut of Jayden Yuan, who plays the lead role. This film was shot back-to-back with its sequel, \"Tai Chi Hero.\" They are to be followed by a third as-of-yet undeveloped movie named \"Tai Chi Summit\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Taos Society of Artists", "paragraph_text": "The Taos Society of Artists was an organization of visual arts founded in Taos, New Mexico in 1915; it disbanded in 1927. The Society was essentially a commercial cooperative, as opposed to a stylistic collective, and its foundation contributed to the development of the tiny Taos art colony into an international art center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Birth of the Dragon", "paragraph_text": "Philip Ng as Bruce Lee, founder of Jeet Kune Do. Xia Yu as Wong Jack Man, the Tai chi and Northern Shaolin Master who Bruce Lee fights. Jin Xing as Auntie Blossom, a gangster. Billy Magnussen as Steve McKee, Bruce Lee's student. Jingjing Qu as Xiulan, McKee's love interest. Simon Yin as Vinnie Wei Ron Yuan as Tony Yu", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 102789, "question": "What country is Tai Chi-tao from?", "answer": "China", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 75372, "question": "how much debt do we have with #1", "answer": "about $1.18 trillion", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ed Townsend (swimmer)", "paragraph_text": "Townsend won a gold medal as a member of the winning U.S. team in the men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay at the 1963 Pan American Games. He participated in the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, where he swam for the gold medal-winning U.S. team in the preliminary heats of the men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay. Under the 1964 Olympic swimming rules, he was ineligible for a medal, however, because he did not swim in the relay final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Samanjac", "paragraph_text": "Samanjac (Serbian Cyrillic: Самањац ) is a mountain in central Serbia, near the town of Boljevac. Its highest peak has an elevation of 853 meters above sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Pasjača (mountain)", "paragraph_text": "Pasjača (Serbian Cyrillic: Пасјача) is a mountain in southern Serbia, near the town of Žitorađa. Its highest peak has an elevation of 971 meters above sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Hans Dersch", "paragraph_text": "Hans F. Dersch (born December 25, 1967) is an American former competition swimmer and breaststroke specialist who represented the United States at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. There he won the gold medal in the men's 4×100-meter medley relay, after having swum in the preliminary heats for the winning U.S. team. Dersch was a two-time gold medalist at the 1991 Pan American Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Enrique Tornero Hernández", "paragraph_text": "Enrique Tornero Hernandez (born May 30, 1980 in Plasencia, Cáceres) is an S9 swimmer from Spain. He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics, winning a gold medal in the 400 meter freestyle race and a bronze medal in the 4 x 100 meter 34 points freestyle relay. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, winning a silver medal in the 400 meter freestyle race.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Rubite", "paragraph_text": "Rubite is a municipality located in the province of Granada, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the village had a population of 492 inhabitants. Rubite is a locality and Spanish municipality situated at the east central of the region \"La Costa Granadina\" in the province of Granada, independent community of Andalusia. On the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, Rubite is bordered by the municipalities of Lújar, Órgiva and Polopos.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Brebeneskul", "paragraph_text": "Brebeneskul (, ) is a peak in the Chornohora region of Ukraine, with height of 2,035 meters above sea level. The second highest peak of Ukraine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Kjelkehøene", "paragraph_text": "Kjelkehøene is a mountain in Oppland, southern Norway. It is located in the Lesja municipality of Oppland. It has an altitude of 1692 meters above sea level and is the 792nd highest mountain in the country of mountains with primary factor of at least 50 meters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Punang Terusan", "paragraph_text": "Punang Terusan is a town or settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It is about 3,628 feet (1,105 meters) above sea level, and the approximate population within a seven-kilometer radius was 1,110 as of 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Stojkovačka planina", "paragraph_text": "Stojkovačka planina (Serbian Cyrillic: Стојковачка планина) is a mountain in southwestern Serbia, above the town of Ivanjica. Its highest peak has an elevation of 1,360 meters above sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Kersa, Arsi", "paragraph_text": "Kersa is a town in southeastern Ethiopia. Located in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 2784 meters above sea level. It is the administrative center of Munesa woreda.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sean Killion", "paragraph_text": "Killion represented the United States at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He competed in the B Final of the men's 400-meter freestyle, and finished with the eleventh-best overall time of 3:52.76. He also recorded a time of 15:27.49 in the preliminary heats of the men's 1,500-meter freestyle, but did not advance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Sand Mountain (Florida)", "paragraph_text": "At 76 meters (250 feet) above sea level, Sand Mountain is one of the highest points in the state of Florida. Sand Mountain is located near the Floridian town of Wausau.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Jersey, Arkansas", "paragraph_text": "Jersey is an unincorporated community in Bradley County, Arkansas, United States. It is situated at an elevation of 161 feet (49 meters) above mean sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Vick, Arkansas", "paragraph_text": "Vick is an unincorporated community in Bradley County, Arkansas, United States, near Hermitage. It is situated at 148 feet (45 meters) above mean sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Beica Airport", "paragraph_text": "Beica Airport is an airport in Beica (or Begi), Ethiopia . Located at an elevation of 1649 meters above sea level, this airport has one unpaved runway 1331 meters long. At present (2009), it is abandoned.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Norsjø", "paragraph_text": "Norsjø is a lake in the municipalities of Skien, Nome and Sauherad in Telemark county, Norway. It is 55 km² in area and 15 meters above sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Juan Piquer Simón", "paragraph_text": "\"Pieces\" is one among the many cult classic horror films that have been restored and digitally remastered by Bob Murawski of Box Office Spectaculars and Grindhouse Releasing. Juan Piquer Simón owned his own independent studio in Madrid, Spain, and designed many of his own special effects sequences for his films. He also was the co-director of the Mediterranean Film Festival in Valencia, Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Kalervo Toivonen", "paragraph_text": "Toivonen represented Finland at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, where he threw the javelin 70.72 metres to win the bronze medal. The competition in the javelin throw was extremely close; fellow Finn, Yrjo Nikkanen finished just five centimeters ahead of Toivonen to win the silver medal, and one meter ahead of both Finns was Germany's Gerhard Stöck, who won the gold medal at 71.84 meters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Pfänderbahn", "paragraph_text": "The Pfänderbahn is a cable car in Bregenz in the Austrian province of Vorarlberg. It connects the valley at 419 meters above sea level with the 1022 meter high mountain station near the Pfänderspitze.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 84972, "question": "where did mexico win its independence from spain", "answer": "Mexico City", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 19116, "question": "How many meters above sea is #1 ?", "answer": "2,240", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "1966 European Athletics Championships – Men's 50 kilometres walk", "paragraph_text": "The men's 50 kilometres race walk at the 1966 European Athletics Championships was held in Budapest, Hungary, on 3 September 1966.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "1966 European Athletics Championships – Women's javelin throw", "paragraph_text": "The women's javelin throw at the 1966 European Athletics Championships was held in Budapest, Hungary, at Népstadion on 2 and 3 September 1966.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Belgium", "paragraph_text": "The Spa-Francorchamps motor-racing circuit hosts the Formula One World Championship Belgian Grand Prix. The Belgian driver, Jacky Ickx, won eight Grands Prix and six 24 Hours of Le Mans and finished twice as runner-up in the Formula One World Championship. Belgium also has a strong reputation in, motocross with the rider Stefan Everts. Sporting events annually held in Belgium include the Memorial Van Damme athletics competition, the Belgian Grand Prix Formula One, and a number of classic cycle races such as the Tour of Flanders and Liège–Bastogne–Liège. The 1920 Summer Olympics were held in Antwerp. The 1977 European Basketball Championship was held in Liège and Ostend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics", "paragraph_text": "The 13th World Junior Championships in Athletics was an international athletics competition for athletes under the age of 20 which was held at the Moncton Stadium in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada from 19–25 July 2010. A total of 44 athletics events were contested at the Championships, 22 by male and 22 by female athletes. It was the second time that the event took place in Canada, after the 1988 edition in Sudbury. This became the last event announced by Scott Davis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "1987 World Championships in Athletics", "paragraph_text": "The 2nd World Championships in Athletics under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations were held in the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy between August 28 and September 6, 1987.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 5th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics were held at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain from 10 March to 12 March 1995. Almost 600 athletes from 131 nations participated in 27 events.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2007 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 200 metres", "paragraph_text": "These are the official results of the men's 200 metres event at the 2007 IAAF World Championships in Osaka, Japan. There were a total number of 49 participating athletes, with six qualifying heats and the final held on Thursday August 30. This event is notable for being one of the two solo World Championship events in which Usain Bolt has been beaten as of July 2017, the other event being men's 200 metres in 2005 World Championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Great Berlin Wheel", "paragraph_text": "The Great Berlin Wheel was a giant Ferris wheel to be built near the Berlin Zoological Garden (Zoologischer Garten Berlin) in Berlin, Germany, by the Great Wheel Corporation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Anzhela Balakhonova", "paragraph_text": "Anzhela Anatoliyivna Balakhonova (, born December 18, 1972) is a retired female pole vaulter from Ukraine who won the silver medal at the 1999 World Championships in Athletics. She held the European record, and formerly held the world indoor record. She finished 6th at the 2004 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Diamond and Flower Ferris Wheel", "paragraph_text": "When completed in 2001, it was the world's second tallest Ferris wheel. It was also the tallest Ferris wheel ever built in Japan, but was surpassed the following year by the Sky Dream Fukuoka. However, the Fukuoka wheel closed in September 2009, and the Kasai Rinkai Park wheel once again became Japan's tallest operational Ferris wheel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Wiener Riesenrad", "paragraph_text": "The Wiener Riesenrad (German for Vienna Giant Wheel), or Riesenrad, is a tall Ferris wheel at the entrance of the Prater amusement park in Leopoldstadt, the 2nd district of Austria's capital Vienna. It is one of Vienna's most popular tourist attractions, and symbolises the district as well as the city for many people. Constructed in 1897, it was the world's tallest extant Ferris wheel from 1920 until 1985.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "1979 World Taekwondo Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 1979 World Taekwondo Championships are the 4th edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and were held in Sindelfingen, Stuttgart, West Germany from October 26 to October 28, 1979. A total of 453 athletes and officials from 38 nations took part in the championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Foote Field", "paragraph_text": "Foote Field is a multi-purpose sports facility on the University of Alberta campus in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, built as a legacy facility for the 2001 World Championships in Athletics. It was named for University of Alberta alumnus, former varsity track athlete, and philanthropist Eldon Foote, who donated $2 million toward the construction costs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "1966 European Athletics Championships – Men's pole vault", "paragraph_text": "The men's pole vault at the 1966 European Athletics Championships was held in Budapest, Hungary, at Népstadion on 31 August and 2 September 1966.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "1966 European Athletics Championships – Women's long jump", "paragraph_text": "The women's long jump at the 1966 European Athletics Championships was held in Budapest, Hungary, at Népstadion on 2 and 3 September 1966.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Anastasiya Mokhnyuk", "paragraph_text": "Anastasiya Mokhnyuk (, born 1 January 1991) is a Ukrainian athlete who specialises in the heptathlon. She competed in the heptathlon event at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China. She won the silver medal in the pentathlon at the 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945)", "paragraph_text": "A Ferris wheel is a non-building structure, consisting of an upright wheel with passenger gondolas attached to the rim. Opened on June 21, 1893 at the Chicago World's Fair, the original Ferris Wheel was invented two years earlier by the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania bridge - builder George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. in 1891.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics was the 14th edition of the global-level indoor track and field competition and was held between March 9–11, 2012 at the Ataköy Athletics Arena in Istanbul, Turkey. It was the first of four IAAF World Athletics Series events in 2012, which includes the World Race Walking Cup, the World Junior Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "World's Columbian Exposition", "paragraph_text": "It included carnival rides, among them the original Ferris Wheel, built by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr... This wheel was 264 feet (80 m) high and had 36 cars, each of which could accommodate 40 people. The importance of the Columbian Exposition is highlighted by the use of rueda de Chicago (``Chicago wheel '') in many Latin American countries such as Costa Rica and Chile in reference to the Ferris wheel. One attendee, George C. Tilyou, later credited the sights he saw on the Chicago midway for inspiring him to create America's first major amusement park, Steeplechase Park in Coney Island, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Diana Yankey", "paragraph_text": "Diana Yankey (in some sources \"Dinah\"; born 2 February 1967) is a retired Ghanaian athlete who specialized in the 100 metres hurdles. She represented her country at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics and the 1988 Summer Olympics. She was twice champion at the African Championships in Athletics and took silver medals at the 1987 All-Africa Games and the 1988 African Championships in Athletics.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 68615, "question": "where are the world athletic championships being held", "answer": "London", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 75255, "question": "when was the ferris wheel in #1 built", "answer": "March 2000", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Army–Navy Game", "paragraph_text": "Army -- Navy Game Army Black Knights Navy Midshipmen Sport College football First meeting November 29, 1890 Latest meeting December 9, 2017 Next meeting December 8, 2018 Statistics Meetings total 118 All - time record Navy leads 60 -- 51 -- 7 Longest win streak Navy, 14 (2002 -- 2015) Current win streak Army, 2 (2016 -- present)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mahindra Axe", "paragraph_text": "Mahindra Axe is a Light Military Utility Tactical Vehicle designed by Mahindra & Mahindra. Prototypes of the vehicle were customized to meet Indian Army specifications, but after evaluating the vehicles the Indian Army decided not to place an order.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Franco-Prussian War", "paragraph_text": "The creation of a unified German Empire ended the balance of power that had been created with the Congress of Vienna after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Germany had established itself as the main power in continental Europe with the most powerful and professional army in the world.[citation needed] Although Great Britain remained the dominant world power, British involvement in European affairs during the late 19th century was very limited, allowing Germany to exercise great influence over the European mainland.[citation needed] Besides, the Crown Prince's marriage with the daughter of Queen Victoria was only the most prominent of several German–British relationships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Azerbaijan People's Government", "paragraph_text": "The Firqah-i Dimukrat, or Azerbaijani Democratic Party (ADP), publicly announced its formation in Tabriz on September 3, 1945 by a group of veteran communists headed by Ja'far Pishevari. After the announcement, the communist, Soviet-supported Tudeh party dissolved its Azerbaijan chapter and ordered its members to join ADP. ADP expanded throughout Iranian Azerbaijan, and initiated a local coup d'état with help from Soviet army, who prevented the Iranian army from intervening. During the first week of September 1945, the Azerbaijani Democratic Party, led by Ja'far Pishevari, a long-time leader of the revolutionary movement in Gilan, declared itself to be in control of Iranian Azerbaijan, promised liberal democratic reforms, and disbanded the local branch of Tudeh. Later in September 1945, at its first congress, the Azerbaijani Democratic Party authorized the formation of a peasant's militia. This militia started a bloodless coup on November 18, 1945 and by November 21, 1945 they had captured all remaining government posts in the province, and Iranian Azerbaijan \"became an autonomous republic under the direction of a 39-member national executive committee\". The reality of the power seems to have been exercised by Mohammed Biriya, the Minister of Propaganda and head of the local secret police.At the same time, the US was steadily increasing its military assistance to the Iranian government. Under pressure by the Western powers, the Soviet Union revoked its support of the newly created state and the Iranian military succeeded in re-establishing Iranian rule in November 1946. According to Tadeusz Swietochowski:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Powers of the United States Congress", "paragraph_text": "The Constitution also gives Congress an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's Constitutionally - defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the process for going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from Congress for the War of 1812, the Mexican -- American War, the Spanish -- American War, World War I, and World War II, although President Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama in 1903 did not get Congressional assent. Presidents have initiated war without Congressional war declarations; Truman called the Korean War a ``police action ''and the Vietnam War lasted over a decade without a declaration of war. In 1970, Time magazine noted:`` All told, it has been calculated, U.S. presidents have ordered troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149 times'' before 1970. In 1993, one writer noted ``Congress's war power has become the most flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution, ''and that the`` real erosion (of Congressional authority to declare war) began after World War II.'' President George H.W. Bush claimed he could begin Operation Desert Storm and launch a ``deliberate, unhurried, post -- Cold War decision to start a war ''without Congressional approval. Critics charge that President George W. Bush largely initiated the Iraq War with little debate in Congress or consultation with Congress, despite a Congressional vote on military force authorization. Disagreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically throughout the nation's history.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Army of Northern Virginia", "paragraph_text": "The first commander of the Army of Northern Virginia was General P.G.T. Beauregard (under its previous name, the Confederate Army of the Potomac) from June 20 to July 20, 1861. His forces consisted of six brigades, with various militia and artillery from the former Department of Alexandria. During his command, Gen. Beauregard is noted for creating the battle flag of the army, which came to be the primary battle flag for all corps and forces under the Army of Northern Virginia. The flag was designed due to confusion during battle between the Confederate ``Stars and Bars ''flag and the flag of the United States. Beauregard continued commanding these troops as the new First Corps under Gen. J.E. Johnston as it was joined by the Army of the Shenandoah on July 20, 1861, when command was relinquished to General J.E. Johnston. The following day this army fought its first major engagement in the First Battle of Manassas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Army–Navy Game", "paragraph_text": "Army -- Navy Game Army Black Knights Navy Midshipmen Sport Football First meeting November 29, 1890 Navy 24, Army 0 Latest meeting December 9, 2017 Army 14, Navy 13 Next meeting December 8, 2018 Stadiums Lincoln Financial Field (2017 -- 2020, 2022) MetLife Stadium (2021) Trophy Third leg of triangular series for Commander - in - Chief's Trophy Statistics Meetings total 118 All - time series Navy leads, 60 -- 51 -- 7 Largest victory Navy, 51 -- 0 (1973) Longest win streak Navy, 14 (2002 -- 2015) Current win streak Army, 2 (2016 -- present)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Banquo", "paragraph_text": "Lord Banquo / ˈbæŋkwoʊ /, the Thane of Lochaber, is a character in William Shakespeare's 1606 play Macbeth. In the play, he is at first an ally to Macbeth (both are generals in the King's army) and they meet the Three Witches together. After prophesying that Macbeth will become king, the witches tell Banquo that he will not be king himself, but that his descendants will be. Later, Macbeth in his lust for power sees Banquo as a threat and has him murdered by two hired assassins; Banquo's son, Fleance, escapes. Banquo's ghost returns in a later scene (Banquet Scene), causing Macbeth to react with alarm during a public feast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Great power", "paragraph_text": "Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Others, such as Russia and Austria-Hungary, stagnated. At the same time, other states were emerging and expanding in power, largely through the process of industrialization. These countries seeking to attain great power status were: Italy after the Risorgimento, Japan after the Meiji Restoration, and the United States after its civil war. By the dawn of the 20th century, the balance of world power had changed substantially since the Congress of Vienna. The Eight-Nation Alliance was a belligerent alliance of eight nations against the Boxer Rebellion in China. It formed in 1900 and consisted of the five Congress powers plus Italy, Japan, and the United States, representing the great powers at the beginning of 20th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "History of the British Army", "paragraph_text": "At his restoration Charles II sought to create a small standing army made up of some former Royalist and New Model Army regiments. On 26 January 1661, Charles II issued the Royal Warrant that created the first regiments of what would become the British Army, although Scotland and England maintained separate military establishments until the Acts of Union 1707.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Murray Mouth", "paragraph_text": "Murray Mouth is the point at which the River Murray meets the Southern Ocean. The Murray Mouth's location is changeable. Historical records show that the channel out to sea moves along the sand dunes over time. At times of greater river flow and rough seas, the two bodies of water would erode the sand dunes to create a new channel leaving the old one to silt and disappear.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "United States Congress", "paragraph_text": "Article I of the Constitution creates and sets forth the structure and most of the powers of Congress. Sections One through Six describe how Congress is elected and gives each House the power to create its own structure. Section Seven lays out the process for creating laws, and Section Eight enumerates numerous powers. Section Nine is a list of powers Congress does not have, and Section Ten enumerates powers of the state, some of which may only be granted by Congress. Constitutional amendments have granted Congress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Banquo", "paragraph_text": "Lord Banquo / ˈbæŋkwoʊ /, the Thane of Lochaber, is a character in William Shakespeare's 1606 play Macbeth. In the play, he is at first an ally to Macbeth (both are generals in the King's army) and they meet the Three Witches together. After prophesying that Macbeth will become king, the witches tell Banquo that he will not be king himself, but that his descendants will be. Later, Macbeth in his lust for power sees Banquo as a threat and has him murdered; Banquo's son, Fleance, escapes. Banquo's ghost returns in a later scene, causing Macbeth to react with alarm during a public feast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Banquo", "paragraph_text": "Lord Banquo , the Thane of Lochaber, is a character in William Shakespeare's 1606 play \"Macbeth\". In the play, he is at first an ally to Macbeth (both are generals in the King's army) and they meet the Three Witches together. After prophesying that Macbeth will become king, the witches tell Banquo that he will not be king himself, but that his descendants will be. Later, Macbeth in his lust for power sees Banquo as a threat and has him murdered by two hired assassins; Banquo's son, Fleance, escapes. Banquo's ghost returns in a later scene, causing Macbeth to react with alarm during a public feast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Szlachta", "paragraph_text": "About that time the \"executionist movement\" (Polish: \"egzekucja praw\"--\"execution of the laws\") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 1562 at the Sejm in Piotrków they would force the magnates to return many leased crown lands to the king, and the king to create a standing army (wojsko kwarciane). One of the most famous members of this movement was Jan Zamoyski. After his death in 1605, the movement lost its political force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Cowboys–Eagles rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Dallas Cowboys -- Philadelphia Eagles Dallas Cowboys Philadelphia Eagles First meeting September 25, 1960 Philadelphia Eagles 27, Dallas Cowboys 25 Latest meeting November 19, 2017 Dallas Cowboys 9, Philadelphia Eagles 37 Next meeting December 31, 2017 Statistics Meetings total 117 meetings (including playoffs) All - time series Cowboys lead 65 -- 52 Most recent November 19, 2017 Dallas Cowboys 9, Philadelphia Eagles 37 Largest victory October 9, 1966 Dallas Cowboys 56, Philadelphia Eagles 7", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "United States Air Force", "paragraph_text": "The act created the National Military Establishment (renamed Department of Defense in 1949), which was composed of three subordinate Military Departments, namely the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the newly created Department of the Air Force. Prior to 1947, the responsibility for military aviation was shared between the Army (for land-based operations), the Navy (for sea-based operations from aircraft carriers and amphibious aircraft), and the Marine Corps (for close air support of infantry operations). The 1940s proved to be important in other ways as well. In 1947, Captain Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in his X-1 rocket-powered aircraft, beginning a new era of aeronautics in America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Umayyad Caliphate", "paragraph_text": "Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expenses were paid for by taxes coming from that province, with the remainder each year being sent to the central government in Damascus. As the central power of the Umayyad rulers waned in the later years of the dynasty, some governors neglected to send the extra tax revenue to Damascus and created great personal fortunes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Original jurisdiction", "paragraph_text": "The original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Bulgaria during World War I", "paragraph_text": "The military convention between Bulgaria and the Central Powers laid down the general plan for its campaign against the Kingdom of Serbia. It severely limited the control of the Bulgarian High Command over the Bulgarian 1st Army, which was designated part of a combined German, Bulgarian and Austro - Hungarian force commanded by Field Marshal August von Mackensen. He had recently led the German and Austro - Hungarian armies in the highly successful and victorious Gorlice -- Tarnów Offensive of the Central Powers against the Russian army on the Eastern Front. His army group was created specifically to wage war against the Serbian army in the pre-1913 borders of the country (``Old Serbia ''), to defeat it wherever it found it and to open the land route between Hungary and Bulgaria. As commander, Mackensen acted independently and received his directives only from the German High Command. However, the field marshal's orders to his Bulgarian forces had to be relayed to the commander of the 1st Army by the Bulgarian General Staff, which left room for the latter to intervene when needed. According to the convention, the Bulgarian commander - in - chief retained full and direct control over the Bulgarian 2nd Army and its operations in Vardar Macedonia.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 74192, "question": "who has the power to create an army", "answer": "Congress", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 76130, "question": "when did #1 meet for the first time", "answer": "March 4, 1789", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Giuseppe Mazzini", "paragraph_text": "Giuseppe Mazzini (Italian pronunciation: (dʒuˈzɛppe matˈtsiːni); 22 June 1805 -- 10 March 1872) was an Italian politician, journalist and activist for the unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the independent and unified Italy in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. He also helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Blood and Iron (speech)", "paragraph_text": "Blood and Iron (German: Blut und Eisen) is the title of a speech by Minister President of Prussia Otto von Bismarck given in 1862 about the unification of the German territories. It is also a transposed phrase that Bismarck uttered near the end of the speech that has become one of his most widely known quotations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Louis the Blind", "paragraph_text": "Louis the Blind ( 880 – 5 June 928) was the king of Provence from 11 January 887, King of Italy from 12 October 900, and briefly Holy Roman Emperor, as Louis III, between 901 and 905. He was the son of Boso, the usurper king of Provence, and Ermengard, a daughter of the Emperor Louis II. Through his father, he was a Bosonid, but through his mother, a Carolingian. He was blinded after a failed invasion of Italy in 905.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Arthur Hoerl", "paragraph_text": "Arthur Hoerl (December 17, 1891 – February 6, 1968) was an American screenwriter and film director. Hoerl was born in New York, son of Louis Hoerl, a German immigrant silver polisher, and Teresa Hoerl. Arthur completed three years of high school, according to the 1940 US Census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Snow White", "paragraph_text": "``Snow White ''is a 19th - century German fairy tale which is today known widely across the Western world. The Brothers Grimm published it in 1812 in the first edition of their collection Grimms' Fairy Tales. It was titled in German: Sneewittchen (in modern orthography Schneewittchen) and numbered as Tale 53. The name Sneewittchen was Low German and in the first version it was translated with Schneeweißchen. The Grimms completed their final revision of the story in 1854.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "During the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity. With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian became the official national language of the new Italian state, while the various unofficial regional languages of Italy gradually became regarded as subordinate \"dialects\" to Italian, increasingly associated negatively with lack of education or provincialism. However, at the time of the Italian Unification, standard Italian still existed mainly as a literary language, and only 2.5% of Italy's population could speak standard Italian.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Giuseppe Sirtori", "paragraph_text": "Giuseppe Sirtori (17 April 1813 – 18 September 1874) was an Italian soldier, patriot and politician who fought in the unification of Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Kingdom of Italy", "paragraph_text": "Upon unifying, Italy had a predominantly agrarian society as 60% of the active population worked in agriculture. Advances in technology, the sale of vast Church estates, foreign competition along with export opportunities rapidly transformed the agricultural sector in Italy shortly after unification. However, these developments did not benefit all of Italy in this period, as southern Italy's agriculture suffered from hot summers and aridity damaged crops while the presence of malaria prevented cultivation of low-lying areas along Italy's Adriatic Sea coast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "The major agricultural product is rice, which covers about 60% of the country's total cultivated land area. Rice accounts for 97% of total food grain production by weight. Through collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute 52 modern rice varieties were released in the country between 1966 and 1997, helping increase national rice production to 14 million tons in 1987 and to 19 million tons in 1996. By 1988, modern varieties were planted on half of the country's ricelands, including 98 percent of the irrigated areas. In 2008 rice production was estimated at 50 million tons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Battle of France", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War. In six weeks from 10 May 1940, German forces defeated Allied forces by mobile operations and conquered France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, bringing land operations on the Western Front to an end until 6 June 1944. Italy entered the war on 10 June 1940 and attempted an invasion of France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Italian unification was the political and social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century. There is a lack of consensus on the exact dates for the beginning and the end of this period, but many scholars agree that the process began with the end of Napoleonic rule and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and approximately ended with the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, though the last città irredente did not join the Kingdom of Italy until after World War I.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Pizza Margherita", "paragraph_text": "A widespread belief says that in June 1889 the pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito, Pizzeria Brandi's chef, invented a dish called ``Pizza Margherita ''in honor of the Queen of Italy, Margherita of Savoy, and the Italian unification, since toppings are tomato (red), mozzarella (white) and basil (green), representing the same colors of the national flag of Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Land of Scoundrels", "paragraph_text": "Land of Scoundrels (, \"Strana Negodyayev\") is a poem by Russian poet Sergei Yesenin completed in 1923. It depicts a conflict between a freedom-loving anarchist rebel named Nomakh (anagram alluding to Nestor Makhno) and Bolshevik commissar Rassvetov, who dreams of forcefully modernized Russia. Yesenin was moved to writing the poem after bitter contemplations on Russian rebellion in drama \"Pugachev\". Other motifs include his reflections on the nature of business-driven modern United States, visited by Yesenin around the time of the poem composition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Albanian Fascist Party", "paragraph_text": "The Albanian Fascist Party (, or PFSh) was a Fascist organization active during World War II which held nominal power in Albania from 1939, when the country was conquered by Italy, until 1943, when Italy capitulated to the Allies. Afterwards, Albania fell under German occupation, and the PFSh was replaced by the Guard of Greater Albania.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cross-country skiing at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Women's team sprint", "paragraph_text": "The Women's team sprint cross-country skiing competition at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy was held on 14 February, at Pragelato. This was the first time the team sprint was contested in the Winter Olympics. Each race featured teams of two, with each skier completing 3 laps of a 1145 metre course.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Giacomo Antonelli", "paragraph_text": "Giacomo Antonelli (2 April 1806 – 6 November 1876) was an Italian cardinal deacon. He was the Cardinal Secretary of State from 1848 until his death; he played a key role in Italian politics, resisting the unification of Italy and affecting Roman Catholic interests in European affairs. He was often called the \"Italian Richelieu\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Bikini", "paragraph_text": "While the two - piece swimsuit as a design existed in classical antiquity, the modern design first attracted public notice in Paris on July 5, 1946. French automotive engineer Louis Réard introduced a design he named the ``bikini '', adopting the name from the Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, which was the colonial name the Germans gave to the atoll, transliterated from the Marshallese name for the island, Pikinni.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Force", "paragraph_text": "The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas. For example, Isaac Newton unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with the force responsible for the orbits of celestial mechanics in his universal theory of gravitation. Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces were unified through one consistent theory of electromagnetism. In the 20th century, the development of quantum mechanics led to a modern understanding that the first three fundamental forces (all except gravity) are manifestations of matter (fermions) interacting by exchanging virtual particles called gauge bosons. This standard model of particle physics posits a similarity between the forces and led scientists to predict the unification of the weak and electromagnetic forces in electroweak theory subsequently confirmed by observation. The complete formulation of the standard model predicts an as yet unobserved Higgs mechanism, but observations such as neutrino oscillations indicate that the standard model is incomplete. A Grand Unified Theory allowing for the combination of the electroweak interaction with the strong force is held out as a possibility with candidate theories such as supersymmetry proposed to accommodate some of the outstanding unsolved problems in physics. Physicists are still attempting to develop self-consistent unification models that would combine all four fundamental interactions into a theory of everything. Einstein tried and failed at this endeavor, but currently the most popular approach to answering this question is string theory.:212–219", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Kingdom of England", "paragraph_text": "During the following years Northumbria repeatedly changed hands between the English kings and the Norwegian invaders, but was definitively brought under English control by Eadred in 954, completing the unification of England. At about this time, Lothian, the northern part of Northumbria (Roman Bernicia), was ceded to the Kingdom of Scotland. On 12 July 927 the monarchs of Britain gathered at Eamont in Cumbria to recognise Æthelstan as king of the English. This can be considered England's' foundation date ', although the process of unification had taken almost 100 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne planned to continue the Frankish tradition of dividing his kingdom between all his heirs, but was unable to do so as only one son, Louis the Pious (r. 814–840), was still alive by 813. Just before Charlemagne died in 814, he crowned Louis as his successor. Louis's reign of 26 years was marked by numerous divisions of the empire among his sons and, after 829, civil wars between various alliances of father and sons over the control of various parts of the empire. Eventually, Louis recognised his eldest son Lothair I (d. 855) as emperor and gave him Italy. Louis divided the rest of the empire between Lothair and Charles the Bald (d. 877), his youngest son. Lothair took East Francia, comprising both banks of the Rhine and eastwards, leaving Charles West Francia with the empire to the west of the Rhineland and the Alps. Louis the German (d. 876), the middle child, who had been rebellious to the last, was allowed to keep Bavaria under the suzerainty of his elder brother. The division was disputed. Pepin II of Aquitaine (d. after 864), the emperor's grandson, rebelled in a contest for Aquitaine, while Louis the German tried to annex all of East Francia. Louis the Pious died in 840, with the empire still in chaos.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 10564, "question": "In what modern country were Louis the German's lands?", "answer": "Germany", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 89078, "question": "when was the unification of #1 and italy completed", "answer": "18 January 1871", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Far Call", "paragraph_text": "The Far Call is a 1929 American lost film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Charles Morton and Leila Hyams. Produced and distributed by the Fox Film Corporation. It is a late silent film with Fox's Movietone sound on film system containing music and sound effects.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Dirty Wars", "paragraph_text": "\"Dirty Wars\" was nominated for a 2013 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. Christopher Barnett (Sound Designer at Skywalker Sound) won the 2014 Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing: Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue, ADR and Music in a Feature Documentary, given by the Motion Picture Sound Editors society. The film was also nominated for Best Documentary Screenplay from the Writers Guild of America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "A Quiet Place (film)", "paragraph_text": "Supervising sound editors Erik Aadahl and Ethan Van der Ryn worked on A Quiet Place. For scenes from the perspective of the deaf daughter, sound was removed to put greater focus on the visual. They also advised on organizing shots to reflect the creatures' perspective, like showing them notice a sound, then showing what was causing the sound. Composer Marco Beltrami provided the sound editors music to work with in a way that would not interfere with the sound design throughout the film.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "MP3", "paragraph_text": "A test given to new students by Stanford University Music Professor Jonathan Berger showed that student preference for MP3-quality music has risen each year. Berger said the students seem to prefer the 'sizzle' sounds that MP3s bring to music.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Tuor", "paragraph_text": "Tuor was fostered by the Elves in the caves of Androth in the Mountains of Mithrim, living a hard and wary life. When Tuor was sixteen their leader Annael resolved to forsake the land, but during the march his people were scattered and Tuor was captured by the Easterlings, who had been sent there by Morgoth and who cruelly oppressed the remnant of the House of Hador. After three years of thraldom under Lorgan the Easterling, Tuor escaped and returned to the caves.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Sound of Music (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Sound of Music is a 1965 American musical drama film produced and directed by Robert Wise, and starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer, with Richard Haydn and Eleanor Parker. The film is an adaptation of the 1959 stage musical of the same name, composed by Richard Rodgers with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. The film's screenplay was written by Ernest Lehman, adapted from the stage musical's book by Lindsay and Crouse. Based on the memoir The Story of the Trapp Family Singers by Maria von Trapp, the film is about a young Austrian woman studying to become a nun in Salzburg in 1938 who is sent to the villa of a retired naval officer and widower to be governess to his seven children. After bringing and teaching love and music into the lives of the family through kindness and patience, she marries the officer and together with the children they find a way to survive the loss of their homeland through courage and faith.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "We Faw Down", "paragraph_text": "We Faw Down is a 1928 two-reel silent comedy starring Laurel and Hardy and directed by Leo McCarey. It was shot in August and September 1928, and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on December 29 of that year, with synchronized music and sound effects in theaters wired for sound.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sounds Like Music", "paragraph_text": "Sounds Like Music was a British music game show that aired on ITV from 6 June 1989 to 11 May 1990 and hosted by Bobby Crush.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Wolves (1930 film)", "paragraph_text": "Wolves is a 1930 British crime film directed by Albert de Courville and starring Charles Laughton, Dorothy Gish and Malcolm Keen. The screenplay concerns a woman who is captured by a gang of criminals operating in the Arctic, only for the leader to later help her escape. It was based on a play by Georges Toudouze. It was produced by Herbert Wilcox's British and Dominions Film Corporation, but filmed at the Blattner Studios whilst sound equipment was being installed at Wilcox's nearby Imperial Studios, and the sound was added after filming was completed. It was Gish's first sound film, and was Laughton's second talkie (but his first sound drama), having completed a film of a musical variety performance earlier the same year. Of 57 minutes original duration, it was released in 1936 in a 37-minute version retitled \"Wanted Men\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Synchromy", "paragraph_text": "Synchromy (French: Synchromie) is a 1971 National Film Board of Canada visual music film by Norman McLaren utilizing graphical sound. To produce the film's musical soundtrack, McLaren photographed rectangular cards with lines on them. He arranged these shapes in sequences on the analog optical sound track to produce notes and chords. He then reproduced the sequence of shapes, colorized, in the image portion of the film, so that audiences see the shapes that they are also hearing, as sound.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Sound of Music (film)", "paragraph_text": "Later that night at the festival, during their final number, the von Trapp family slip away and seek shelter at the nearby abbey, where Mother Abbess hides them in the cemetery crypt. Brownshirts soon arrive and search the abbey, but the family is able to escape using the caretaker's car. When the soldiers attempt to pursue, they discover their cars will not start as two nuns have removed parts of the engines. The next morning, after driving to the Swiss border, the von Trapp family make their way on foot across the frontier into Switzerland to safety and freedom.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Battle of the Sound", "paragraph_text": "The naval Battle of the Sound took place on 8 November 1658 (29 October O.S.) during the Second Northern War, near the Sound or Øresund, just north of the Danish capital, Copenhagen. Sweden had invaded Denmark and an army under Charles X of Sweden had Copenhagen itself under siege. The Dutch fleet was sent to prevent Sweden from gaining control of both sides of the Sound and thereby controlling access to the Baltic Sea as well as of its trade.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Sound film", "paragraph_text": "The primary steps in the commercialization of sound cinema were taken in the mid - to late 1920s. At first, the sound films which included synchronized dialogue, known as ``talking pictures '', or`` talkies'', were exclusively shorts. The earliest feature - length movies with recorded sound included only music and effects. The first feature film originally presented as a talkie was The Jazz Singer, released in October 1927. A major hit, it was made with Vitaphone, which was at the time the leading brand of sound - on - disc technology. Sound - on - film, however, would soon become the standard for talking pictures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Lucid Druid", "paragraph_text": "Lucid Druid is a Celtic fusion band that formed in Clearwater, Florida in 2003. The band self-proclaims their sound as \"Traditional Celtic Music of the early 21st century,\" and \"Eclectic World-Fusion Music,\" describing their multi-faceted and jam-induced music.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Plasma Records", "paragraph_text": "Plasma Records is the record label for Grind Music & Sound Inc., a digital audio and post-production facility. Grind Music & Sound was opened in 2001 by Sangtar and Michelle Garuik. In 2002 Plasma Records was formed and set up an operation center in Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Manmohan Waris said the reason for Plasma Records was \"Many of the top guys in record companies themselves don't have the idea of the pulse of Punjabi music but we are expected to alter stuff and work according to their notions. Now we can do our own stuff without interference.\" The majority of music and associated materials released by Plasma Records is recorded fully or partially in the Grind Music & Sound studios.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Sound of Music (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Sound of Music is a 1965 American musical drama film produced and directed by Robert Wise, and starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer, with Richard Haydn and Eleanor Parker. The film is an adaptation of the 1959 stage musical of the same name, composed by Richard Rodgers with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. The film's screenplay was written by Ernest Lehman, adapted from the stage musical's book by Lindsay and Crouse. Based on the memoir The Story of the Trapp Family Singers by Maria von Trapp, the film is about a young Austrian woman studying to become a nun in Salzburg, Austria in 1938 who is sent to the villa of a retired naval officer and widower to be governess to his seven children. After bringing and teaching love and music into the lives of the family through kindness and patience, she marries the officer and together with the children they find a way to survive the loss of their homeland through courage and faith.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "paragraph_text": "On 5 March, Nasser's security coterie arrested thousands of participants in the uprising. As a ruse to rally opposition against a return to the pre-1952 order, the RCC decreed an end to restrictions on monarchy-era parties and the Free Officers' withdrawal from politics. The RCC succeeded in provoking the beneficiaries of the revolution, namely the workers, peasants, and petty bourgeois, to oppose the decrees, with one million transport workers launching a strike and thousands of peasants entering Cairo in protest in late March. Naguib sought to crackdown on the protesters, but his requests were rebuffed by the heads of the security forces. On 29 March, Nasser announced the decrees' revocation in response to the \"impulse of the street.\" Between April and June, hundreds of Naguib's supporters in the military were either arrested or dismissed, and Mohieddin was informally exiled to Switzerland to represent the RCC abroad. King Saud of Saudi Arabia attempted to mend relations between Nasser and Naguib, but to no avail.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Time Trax", "paragraph_text": "Time Trax is an American/Australian co-produced science fiction television series that first aired in 1993. A police officer, sent two centuries into the past, must apprehend and return convicted criminals who have escaped prison in the future. This was the last new production from Lorimar Television.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Little Snob", "paragraph_text": "The Little Snob is a 1928 silent comedy film from Warner Bros.. Currently this is a lost film. It was released with a synchronized musical score and sound effects using the Vitaphone sound-on-disc process, however there is no spoken dialogue.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "CFOS", "paragraph_text": "CFOS is an AM radio station broadcasting from downtown Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada. The format is oldies, classic adult contemporary music, and news (plus an adult standards/nostalgic music show, \"Remember When,\" several nights a week from 8-11 p.m.), and is branded as 560 CFOS. 560 CFOS is owned and operated by Bayshore Broadcasting of Owen Sound.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 59175, "question": "where did they escape to in the sound of music", "answer": "Switzerland", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 27337, "question": "Who was sent to #1 ?", "answer": "Mohieddin", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Postage stamps and postal history of Pakistan", "paragraph_text": "On 1 October 1947, the government released its first stamps, being from the 1940s British India series of King George VI stamps overprinted with the word Pakistan. Known as the Nasik Overprints, after the place near Mumbai, India, where they were overprinted, this set consists of 19 stamps. These Nasik overprints were also used in some Gulf states, both officially and unofficial. At the time of independence, the postal system of some of these areas was run from Karachi, and therefore, they became the responsibility of the new government. Officially these stamps were used in Muscat and Oman and its protectorate of Gwadar (on Pakistan's Baluchistan coast) and Dubai. Muscat used these stamps for a period of only 3 months from 29 December 1947 to 31 March 1948. Gwadar used this issue and various other commemorative ones until 1958. Dubai used these stamps from October 1947 until the end of March 1948.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Hunting", "paragraph_text": "On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System.[citation needed] In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Solidão", "paragraph_text": "Solidão is a city in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The population in 2009, according with IBGE was 6.123 inhabitants and the total area is 138.4 km².", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "John Walter Scott", "paragraph_text": "John Walter Scott (November 2, 1845 – January 4, 1919) of New York City, was originally from England, but he emigrated to the United States to take part in the California Gold Rush. Unsuccessful at the prospecting trade, Scott began to sell postage stamps for collectors and in a short period of time became the nation's leading stamp dealer. During his lifetime, he was known as \"The Father of American Philately\" by his fellow stamp collectors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Venturosa", "paragraph_text": "Venturosa is a city in northeastern Brazil, in the State of Pernambuco. It lies in the mesoregion of Agreste of Pernambuco and has 338.12 sq/km of total area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area and ranks as the third-largest city in the state; Mount Pleasant and Summerville are the next-largest cities. These cities combined with other incorporated and unincorporated areas along with the city of Charleston form the Charleston-North Charleston Urban Area with a population of 548,404 as of 2010. The metropolitan statistical area also includes a separate and much smaller urban area within Berkeley County, Moncks Corner (with a 2000 population of 9,123).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Postage stamp", "paragraph_text": "Postage stamps have facilitated the delivery of mail since the 1840s. Before then, ink and hand - stamps (hence the word 'stamp'), usually made from wood or cork, were often used to frank the mail and confirm the payment of postage. The first adhesive postage stamp, commonly referred to as the Penny Black, was issued in the United Kingdom in 1840. The invention of the stamp was part of an attempt to reform and improve the postal system in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which, in the early 19th century, was in disarray and rife with corruption. There are varying accounts of the inventor or inventors of the stamp.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Trevor Stamp, 3rd Baron Stamp", "paragraph_text": "He was the son of Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp. He succeeded his brother and father as Baron Stamp when they were killed during the war by German bombing. He was a member of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords but later became a cross-bencher.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Lake City, Colorado", "paragraph_text": "Town of Lake City, Colorado Statutory Town Lake City ~ 1880 Location in Hinsdale County and the state of Colorado Coordinates: 38 ° 1 ′ 48 ''N 107 ° 18 ′ 37'' W  /  38.03000 ° N 107.31028 ° W  / 38.03000; - 107.31028 Coordinates: 38 ° 1 ′ 48 ''N 107 ° 18 ′ 37'' W  /  38.03000 ° N 107.31028 ° W  / 38.03000; - 107.31028 Country United States State Colorado County Hinsdale County Seat Incorporated (town) September 19, 1884 Government Type Statutory Town Mayor Bruce Vierheller Area Total 0.84 sq mi (2.18 km) Land 0.83 sq mi (2.16 km) Water 0.01 sq mi (0.03 km) Elevation 8,661 ft (2,640 m) Population (2010) Total 408 Estimate (2016) 374 Density 449.52 / sq mi (173.55 / km) Time zone Mountain (MST) (UTC - 7) Summer (DST) MDT (UTC - 6) ZIP code 81235 Area code (s) 970 FIPS code 08 - 42330 GNIS feature ID 0188715 Website Town of Lake City website Official Tourism Site = Official Site of Lake City and Hinsdale County", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Comer, Georgia", "paragraph_text": "Comer is a city in Madison County, Georgia, United States. Comer is the largest city in Madison County based on population and total land area, with an annual population growth rate of approximately 3%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Edward Spring Knapp", "paragraph_text": "Edward Spring Knapp (September 10, 1879 – April 5, 1940), of New York City, was a philatelist known for his remarkable collections of postage stamps and postal history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "William Hogarth Tower", "paragraph_text": "William Hogarth Tower (1871–1950), of New Jersey, USA was a postage stamp collector who endowed a \"stamp room\" at Princeton University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "La Chorrera District", "paragraph_text": "La Chorrera District is a district (\"distrito\") of Panamá Oeste Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 124,656; the latest official estimate (2019) is 199,708. The district covers a total area of 770 km². The capital lies at the city of La Chorrera.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Salamá", "paragraph_text": "Salamá is a city in Guatemala. It is the capital of the department of Baja Verapaz and it is situated at 940 m above sea level. The municipality of Salamá, for which the city of Salamá serves as the administrative centre, covers a total surface area of 776 km² and contains 40,000 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Alexander Graham Bell", "paragraph_text": "In 1936 the US Patent Office declared Bell first on its list of the country's greatest inventors, leading to the US Post Office issuing a commemorative stamp honoring Bell in 1940 as part of its 'Famous Americans Series'. The First Day of Issue ceremony was held on October 28 in Boston, Massachusetts, the city where Bell spent considerable time on research and working with the deaf. The Bell stamp became very popular and sold out in little time. The stamp became, and remains to this day, the most valuable one of the series.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Hunting", "paragraph_text": "Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Adam K. Bert", "paragraph_text": "Adam K. Bert (1905–2007), of Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, was a stamp collector and dealer, who operated his stamp business in Pittsburgh.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Malacañang sa Sugbo", "paragraph_text": "Malacañang sa Sugbo (, ) is the official residence of the President of the Philippines in the Visayas. It is located in Cebu City near the Port Area and Fort San Pedro, and within walking distance from the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño, Magellan's Cross, and City Hall. It is named after the Malacañang Palace, the official residence of the President in the capital city of Manila.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Alto Araguaia", "paragraph_text": "Alto Araguaia is a city in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil. Its population is 17,509 (2015) and its total area is 5,515 km.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 5831, "question": "In which city was the stamp officially released?", "answer": "Boston", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 6832, "question": "What is the total area of #1 ?", "answer": "89.6 square miles", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Great Oulu fire of 1882", "paragraph_text": "The great Oulu fire of 1882 was a conflagration that started in the basement of the pharmacy on the corner of Kirkkokatu and Pakkahuoneenkatu on the evening of November 2, destroying 27 buildings along Hallituskatu and Pakkahuoneenkatu in downtown Oulu, Finland, amongst them the city-owned Seurahuone. The basement was used to store gasoline and other flammable materials, which led to the fire quickly raging out of control. It headed towards the Oulu River and destroyed the salt and grain warehouses along its shoreline. The fire brigade, however, managed to keep the fire from spreading to the packhouse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Pub", "paragraph_text": "By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks. More common, however, was a card room or a billiard room.[citation needed] The saloon was a room where for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table.[citation needed] From this came the popular music hall form of entertainment—a show consisting of a variety of acts.[citation needed] A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: \"Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle / That's the way the money goes / Pop goes the weasel.\" This meant that the customer had spent all his money at The Eagle, and needed to pawn his \"weasel\" to get some more. The meaning of the \"weasel\" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or rhyming slang for a coat (weasel and stoat).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Brihadeeswarar temple fire", "paragraph_text": "Brihadeeswarar temple fire is a fire accident that occurred during the consecration of the Brihadeeswarar Temple on 7 June 1997 in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. The accident was caused by a spark that caught up the thatch. A stampede occurred due to the panic created, and a total of 48 people were killed and left more than 200 people injured. It is believed a fire cracker lit near the temple fell on the \"yagasala\", a temporary structure built to accommodate the ritual ceremonies, and sparked the fire that spread to the thatched roofs. A stampede resulted when the panic-stricken devotees rushed the only entrance to the temple on the eastern side.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Pub", "paragraph_text": "A gastropub concentrates on quality food. The name is a portmanteau of pub and gastronomy and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over The Eagle pub in Clerkenwell, London. The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining, though has occasionally attracted criticism for potentially removing the character of traditional pubs.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "London's buildings are too diverse to be characterised by any particular architectural style, partly because of their varying ages. Many grand houses and public buildings, such as the National Gallery, are constructed from Portland stone. Some areas of the city, particularly those just west of the centre, are characterised by white stucco or whitewashed buildings. Few structures in central London pre-date the Great Fire of 1666, these being a few trace Roman remains, the Tower of London and a few scattered Tudor survivors in the City. Further out is, for example, the Tudor period Hampton Court Palace, England's oldest surviving Tudor palace, built by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey c.1515.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Chelsea, City Island, Great Island and Venice Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "On 27 April 1838, a massive fire broke out around 9: 00 in the evening. It raged until noon the next day, damaging over 1,000 buildings, a loss estimated at $3 million at the time. In efforts to put the fire out, all the water in the city pumps was used up. The fire ruined businesses, several churches, a new theater, and the entire market except for the fish section. Most famously, Charleston's Trinity Church was burned. Another important building that fell victim was the new hotel that had been recently built. Many houses were burnt to the ground. The damaged buildings amounted to about one - fourth of all the businesses in the main part of the city. The fire rendered penniless many who were wealthy. Several prominent store owners died attempting to save their establishments. When the many homes and business were rebuilt or repaired, a great cultural awakening occurred. In many ways, the fire helped put Charleston on the map as a great cultural and architectural center. Previous to the fire, only a few homes were styled as Greek Revival; many residents decided to construct new buildings in that style after the conflagration. This tradition continued and made Charleston one of the foremost places to view Greek Revival architecture. The Gothic Revival also made a significant appearance in the construction of many churches after the fire that exhibited picturesque forms and reminders of devout European religion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2015 Kazan Shopping Center fire", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 Kazan Shopping Center fire occurred on 11 March 2015 when a fire and partial collapse of the Admiral shopping complex in the Russian city of Kazan killed at least 17 people with 55 more injured.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Pub", "paragraph_text": "The highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire as his base. In the 1920s John Fothergill (1876–1957) was the innkeeper of the Spread Eagle in Thame, Berkshire, and published his autobiography: An Innkeeper's Diary (London: Chatto & Windus, 1931). During his idiosyncratic occupancy many famous people came to stay, such as H. G. Wells. United States president George W. Bush fulfilled his lifetime ambition of visiting a 'genuine British pub' during his November 2003 state visit to the UK when he had lunch and a pint of non-alcoholic lager (Bush being a teetotaler) with British Prime Minister Tony Blair at the Dun Cow pub in Sedgefield, County Durham in Blair's home constituency. There were approximately 53,500 public houses in 2009 in the United Kingdom. This number has been declining every year, so that nearly half of the smaller villages no longer have a local pub.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Pub", "paragraph_text": "Pubs often have traditional names. A common name is the \"Marquis of Granby\". These pubs were named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, who was the son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and a general in the 18th century British Army. He showed a great concern for the welfare of his men, and on their retirement, provided funds for many of them to establish taverns, which were subsequently named after him. All pubs granted their licence in 1780 were called the Royal George[citation needed], after King George III, and the twentieth anniversary of his coronation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Great Fire of London", "paragraph_text": "The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It threatened but did not reach the aristocratic district of Westminster, Charles II's Palace of Whitehall, and most of the suburban slums. It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St Paul's Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City authorities. It is estimated to have destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the City's 80,000 inhabitants.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin, and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan, which destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including Trinity Church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Guildford pub bombings", "paragraph_text": "The Guildford pub bombings occurred on 5 October 1974 when a subgroup of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonated two 6-pound gelignite bombs at two pubs in Guildford, Surrey, England. The pubs were targeted because they were popular with British Army personnel stationed at Pirbright barracks. Four soldiers and one civilian were killed. Sixty-five people were wounded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Great Eagle (car company)", "paragraph_text": "The Great Eagle was an American automobile manufactured from 1910 to 1915. It was located in Columbus, Ohio, and the president was Fred C. Myers. They were mostly large cars. Unfortunately, the company went into reciership in 1915.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "2013 Qingdao oil pipeline explosion", "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Qingdao oil pipeline explosion occurred on 22 November 2013, when an oil pipeline in Chinese city of Qingdao, Shandong Province, China leaked and caught fire and exploded. The blast killed at least 62 people. At least 9 people were detained by the police.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Royal Oak Hotel", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Oak Hotel is a pub located in Balmain, a suburb in the inner west region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The pub has historical links with the union movement and is one of a number of buildings which formed an integral part of the shipbuilding and industrial history of the local area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Canecão Mineiro nightclub fire", "paragraph_text": "The Canecão Mineiro nightclub fire occurred on 24 November 2001 in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, killing 7 people and injuring 197 others. The fire was caused by pyrotechnics set off on the stage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Eagle Mountain, Utah", "paragraph_text": "Eagle Mountain is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Provo–Orem, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is located to the west as well as north of the Lake Mountains, which are west of Utah Lake. It was incorporated December 3, 1996 and has been rapidly growing ever since. The population was 21,415 at the 2010 census. Although Eagle Mountain was a town in 2000, it has since been classified as a fourth-class city by state law. In its short history, the city has quickly become known for its rapid growth.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Quincy Point Fire Station", "paragraph_text": "Quincy Point Fire Station is a historic fire station at 615 Washington Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. Built in 1941, it is the third firehouse to occupy the location, and is one of the city's finest examples of Colonial Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "All-Hallows-the-Great", "paragraph_text": "All-Hallows-the-Great was a church in the City of London, located on what is now Upper Thames Street, first mentioned in 1235. Destroyed in the Great Fire of London of 1666, the church was rebuilt by the office of Sir Christopher Wren. All-Hallows-the-Great was demolished in 1894 when many bodies were disinterred from the churchyard and reburied at Brookwood Cemetery.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 5956, "question": "In what city is the Eagle pub located?", "answer": "London", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 26308, "question": "When did the Great Fire of #1 occur?", "answer": "1666", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Rami Samara", "paragraph_text": "Rami's father is Abdel-Majeed Samara, former head coach of Al-Ramtha SC, and his uncle is Abdel-Haleem Samara, president of Al-Ramtha SC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mars", "paragraph_text": "The large canyon, Valles Marineris (Latin for ``Mariner Valleys '', also known as Agathadaemon in the old canal maps), has a length of 4,000 km (2,500 mi) and a depth of up to 7 km (4.3 mi). The length of Valles Marineris is equivalent to the length of Europe and extends across one - fifth the circumference of Mars. By comparison, the Grand Canyon on Earth is only 446 km (277 mi) long and nearly 2 km (1.2 mi) deep. Valles Marineris was formed due to the swelling of the Tharsis area, which caused the crust in the area of Valles Marineris to collapse. In 2012, it was proposed that Valles Marineris is not just a graben, but a plate boundary where 150 km (93 mi) of transverse motion has occurred, making Mars a planet with possibly a two - tectonic plate arrangement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Valle Romita Polyptych", "paragraph_text": "The Valle Romita Polyptych (Italian: \"Polittico di Valle Romita\") is a painting by the Italian late Gothic painter Gentile da Fabriano, dating from c. 1410-1412 and now housed in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan. It was originally executed for the Franciscan hermitage of Valle Romita near Gentile's birthplace, Fabriano.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Space Race", "paragraph_text": "The United States launched three more Mercury flights after Glenn's: Aurora 7 on May 24, 1962 duplicated Glenn's three orbits; Sigma 7 on October 3, 1962, six orbits; and Faith 7 on May 15, 1963, 22 orbits (32.4 hours), the maximum capability of the spacecraft. NASA at first intended to launch one more mission, extending the spacecraft's endurance to three days, but since this would not beat the Soviet record, it was decided instead to concentrate on developing Project Gemini.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Del Valle High School (Travis County, Texas)", "paragraph_text": "Del Valle High School is a public high school located in the Del Valle community in unincorporated Travis County, Texas, United States and is part of the Del Valle Independent School District. The high school serves the communities of Austin, Creedmoor, Garfield, Mustang Ridge, Pilot Knob, Elroy, Webberville, and Hornsby Bend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Hebrus Valles", "paragraph_text": "Hebrus Valles is an ancient system of troughs and valleys in the Amenthes quadrangle of Mars, located at 20.2° north latitude and 233.4° west longitude. It is 317 km long and was named after a river in the Balkans which runs through present day Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. Some authors have identified the troughs and valleys of Hebrus Valles as outflow channels, but their origin and history remain ambiguous.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "El Valle del Espíritu Santo", "paragraph_text": "El Valle del Espíritu Santo is a village near Porlamar, in the Nueva Esparta state of Venezuela. Founded as the capital of the island in 1529, El Valle del Espíritu Santo is just north of Porlamar. It is the birth town of Santiago Mariño and his sister, Concepción Mariño, as well as where the patron of the island, the Virgin of El Valle appeared. In the village there is a has a pink-and-white church (see below) honoring the Virgen del Valle. Visitors go to the village all year-round, but especially on her feast day in early September.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Marisol Touraine", "paragraph_text": "Marisol Touraine (; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime Minister Manuel Valls, and under Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "In 1562 Francisco de Ibarra headed a personal expedition in search of the mythical cities of Cibola and Quivira; he traveled through the present-day state of Chihuahua. Francisco de Ibarra is thought to have been the first European to see the ruins of Paquime. In 1564 Rodrigo de Río de Loza, a lieutenant under Francisco de Ibarra, stayed behind after the expedition and found gold at the foot of the mountains of the Sierra Madre Occidental; he founded the first Spanish city in the region, Santa Barbara in 1567 by bringing 400 European families to the settlement. A few years later in 1569 Franciscan missionaries led by Fray Agustín Rodríguez from the coast of Sinaloa and the state of Durango founded the first mission in the state in Valle de San Bartolomé (present-day Valle de Allende). Fray Agustín Rodríguez evangelized the native population until 1581. Between 1586 and 1588 a epidemic caused a temporary exodus of the small population in the territory of Nueva Vizcaya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Amaicha del Valle", "paragraph_text": "Amaicha del Valle is a settlement in Tucumán Province in northern Argentina. It is located in the Tafi del Valle department, in the northwestern province of Tucuman, Argentina, 164 km from the provincial capital, San Miguel de Tucumán and 57 km from the departmental capital, Tafi del Valle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "NTV Spor", "paragraph_text": "Launched in March 2008, NTV Spor is a dedicated TV channel producing sports-related programming 24 hours a day. Using NTV's expertise in news and sports broadcasting NTV Spor is regarded as a sports platform where fans can catch up on everything related to sports 24/7.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hylestad", "paragraph_text": "Hylestad is a former municipality in Aust-Agder county, Norway. The former municipality was located in the southern part of the present-day municipality of Valle in the traditional region of Setesdal. It existed from 1915 until its dissolution in 1962. The administrative centre was the village of Rysstad where the Hylestad Church was located.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Elephant Games", "paragraph_text": "Elephant Games is a casual game developing company founded in 2003 in Yoshkar-Ola, Russia. There are also divisions in Cheboksary, Penza, Samara, Kazan. Elephant Games currently produces games for PC, MAC, iPad, iPhone and Android. Most of the company's projects are published on Big Fish Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Samara Valles", "paragraph_text": "Samara Valles is a valley bordering the Memnonia quadrangle and the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle on Mars, located at approximately 25.1° south latitude and 19.1° west longitude. It is 615 km long and was named after the ancient name for modern Somme River, France.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Eugénie Smet", "paragraph_text": "Blessed Eugénie Smet A.P. (25 March 1825 in Lille – 7 February 1871), also known as sœur Marie de la Providence, was a French nun who founded the Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls in 1856. Her feast day is 7 February.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "NOAA-4", "paragraph_text": "NOAA-4, also known as ITOS-G was a weather satellite operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It was part of a series of satellites called ITOS, or improved TIROS. NOAA-4 was launched on a Delta rocket on November 15, 1974. The launch carried two other satellites: AMSAT-OSCAR 7 and Intasat. It remained operational for 1463 days until it was deactivated by NOAA on November 18, 1978.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Crickets Sing for Anamaria", "paragraph_text": "\"Crickets Sing for Anamaria\" is the English-language version of \"Os Grilos\" (\"The Crickets\"), a song written by Brazilian musician Marcos Valle with his brother Paulo Sérgio Valle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Dmitri Ilyich Kozlov", "paragraph_text": "Dmitry Ilyich Kozlov (1 October 1919, Tikhoretsk - March 7, 2009, Samara) was a Russian aerospace engineer who founded the Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Paraná Valles", "paragraph_text": "Paraná Valles is a valley in the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of Mars, located at approximately 23.1° South and 10.2° West. It is 350 km long and was named after an ancient and modern name for a South American river (Brazil, Argentina). A low area between Paraná Valles and Loire Valles is believed to have once held a lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Catedral Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Valle", "paragraph_text": "Catedral Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Valle is a basilica cathedral in San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca Province, Argentina. It is dedicated to the Virgen del Valle.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 132343, "question": "Where is Samara Valles found?", "answer": "Mars", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 156169, "question": "What day was #1 7 launched?", "answer": "9 August 1973", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Military history of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Sectional tensions had long existed between the states located north of the Mason–Dixon line and those south of it, primarily centered on the \"peculiar institution\" of slavery and the ability of states to overrule the decisions of the national government. During the 1840s and 1850s, conflicts between the two sides became progressively more violent. After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (who southerners thought would work to end slavery) states in the South seceded from the United States, beginning with South Carolina in late 1860. On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Aborigines' Protection Society", "paragraph_text": "The Society continued until 1909 when it merged with the Anti-Slavery Society to form the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines' Protection Society (now Anti-Slavery International).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Northern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armies and supplying them, avoiding foreign interference, and making the end of slavery a war goal. The Confederacy had a larger area than it could defend, and it failed to keep its ports open and its rivers clear. The North kept up the pressure as the South could barely feed and clothe its soldiers. Its soldiers, especially those in the East under the command of General Robert E. Lee proved highly resourceful until they finally were overwhelmed by Generals Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman in 1864–65, The Reconstruction Era (1863–77) began with the Emancipation proclamation in 1863, and included freedom, full citizenship and the vote for the Southern blacks. It was followed by a reaction that left the blacks in a second class status legally, politically, socially and economically until the 1960s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Carnival", "paragraph_text": "Carnival is known as Crop Over and is Barbados's biggest festival. Its early beginnings were on the sugar cane plantations during the colonial period. Crop over began in 1688, and featured singing, dancing and accompaniment by shak-shak, banjo, triangle, fiddle, guitar, bottles filled with water and bones. Other traditions included climbing a greased pole, feasting and drinking competitions. Originally signaling the end of the yearly cane harvest, it evolved into a national festival. In the late 20th century, Crop Over began to closely mirror the Trinidad Carnival. Beginning in June, Crop Over runs until the first Monday in August when it culminates in the finale, The Grand Kadooment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Indigo Valley, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Indigo Valley is a valley and bounded locality in Victoria, Australia stretching approximately between Yackandandah and the Hume Highway near Barnawartha. The Indigo Creek flows through it.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ulrich Bonnell Phillips", "paragraph_text": "Ulrich Bonnell Phillips (November 4, 1877 – January 21, 1934) was an American historian who largely defined the field of the social and economic history of the antebellum American South and slavery. Phillips concentrated on the large plantations that dominated the Southern economy, and he did not investigate the numerous small farmers who held few slaves. He concluded that plantation slavery produced great wealth, but was a dead end, economically, that left the South bypassed by the industrial revolution underway in the North.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Haitian Revolution", "paragraph_text": "The Haitian Revolution (French: Révolution haïtienne (ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ ajisjɛ̃n)) was a successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection by self - liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint - Domingue, now the sovereign nation of Haiti. It began on 22 August 1791 at 22: 00, and ended in 1804 with the former colony's independence. It involved blacks, mulattoes, French, Spanish, and British participants -- with the ex-slave Toussaint L'Ouverture emerging as Haiti's most charismatic hero. It was the only slave uprising that led to the founding of a state which was both free from slavery, and ruled by non-whites and former captives. It is now widely seen as a defining moment in the history of racism in the Atlantic World.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Although the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Rice Belt", "paragraph_text": "The Rice Belt of the United States includes Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas, four southern U.S. states that grow a significant portion of the nation's rice crop. The name is in conformity with the Corn Belt of the Midwest, in which much of the nation's corn is grown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Charleston and Savannah Railway", "paragraph_text": "The Charleston and Savannah Railway was a 19th-century American railroad serving the coastal states of South Carolina and Georgia and running through part of the South Carolina Lowcountry. Its name varied slightly over time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "History of slavery in Florida", "paragraph_text": "Slavery in Florida began under Spanish rule and continued under American and later Confederate rule. It was theoretically abolished by President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, but this had little effect in Florida. Slavery continued until the end of the Civil War and collapse of the Confederacy in the spring of 1865, followed by the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in December 1865. Some of the characteristics of slavery -- inability to leave a disagreeable situation -- continued under sharecropping, convict leasing, vagrancy laws. In the 20th and 21st centuries, conditions approximating slavery are found among marginal immigrant populations, especially migrant farm workers and involuntary sex workers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kansas Legislature", "paragraph_text": "During Kansas' first elections for a territorial government on March 30, 1855, nearly 5,000 Missouri men, led by United States Senator David Rice Atchison and other prominent pro-slavery Missourians, entered the territory, took over the polling places, and elected pro-slavery candidates. The elections resulted in 13 pro-slavery members of the upper house of the territorial legislature and one free - state member, who resigned. The lower house ended up with 25 pro-slavery members and one free - state member. Free - Staters immediately cried foul, naming the new Kansas Territorial Legislature the Bogus Legislature. After meeting for one week in Pawnee at the direction of Territorial Governor Andrew Reeder, the thirty - eight pro-slavery legislators reconvened at the Shawnee Manual Labor School between July 16 and August 30, 1855, and began crafting over a thousand pages of laws aimed at making Kansas a slave state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Hazelnut", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, Oregon accounted for 99% of the nation's production in 2014, having a crop value of $129 million that is purchased mainly by the snack food industry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Vampire Secrets", "paragraph_text": "Vampire Secrets is a 2006 docudrama about the mythology and lifestyle of vampires, produced by Indigo Films for the History Channel, and narrated by Corey Burton.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Coral reef", "paragraph_text": "In 1842 in his first monograph, The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, Charles Darwin set out his theory of the formation of atoll reefs, an idea he conceived during the voyage of the Beagle. He theorized uplift and subsidence of the Earth's crust under the oceans formed the atolls. Darwin's theory sets out a sequence of three stages in atoll formation. It starts with a fringing reef forming around an extinct volcanic island as the island and ocean floor subsides. As the subsidence continues, the fringing reef becomes a barrier reef, and ultimately an atoll reef.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Central African Republic", "paragraph_text": "Agriculture is dominated by the cultivation and sale of food crops such as cassava, peanuts, maize, sorghum, millet, sesame, and plantain. The annual real GDP growth rate is just above 3%. The importance of food crops over exported cash crops is indicated by the fact that the total production of cassava, the staple food of most Central Africans, ranges between 200,000 and 300,000 tonnes a year, while the production of cotton, the principal exported cash crop, ranges from 25,000 to 45,000 tonnes a year. Food crops are not exported in large quantities, but still constitute the principal cash crops of the country, because Central Africans derive far more income from the periodic sale of surplus food crops than from exported cash crops such as cotton or coffee.[citation needed] Much of the country is self-sufficient in food crops; however, livestock development is hindered by the presence of the tsetse fly.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "Also, other human rights were advocated for by some Protestants. For example, torture was abolished in Prussia in 1740, slavery in Britain in 1834 and in the United States in 1865 (William Wilberforce, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abraham Lincoln - against Southern Protestants). Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf were among the first thinkers who made significant contributions to international law. The Geneva Convention, an important part of humanitarian international law, was largely the work of Henry Dunant, a reformed pietist. He also founded the Red Cross.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Colonial Lowcountry landowners experimented with cash crops ranging from tea to silkworms. African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700. With the coerced help of African slaves from the Caribbean, Eliza Lucas, daughter of plantation owner George Lucas, learned how to raise and use indigo in the Lowcountry in 1747. Supported with subsidies from Britain, indigo was a leading export by 1750. Those and naval stores were exported in an extremely profitable shipping industry.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan", "paragraph_text": "Agriculture, farming, and fishing form the primary sector of industry of the Japanese economy together with the Japanese mining industry, but together they account for only 1.3% of gross national product. Only 20% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation, and the agricultural economy is highly subsidized.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cotton production in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Texas produces more cotton than any other state in the United States. With eight production regions around Texas, and only four geographic regions, it is the state's leading cash crop. Texas produces approximately 25% of the country's cotton crop on more than 6 million acres, the equivalent of over 9,000 square miles (23,000 km) of cotton fields. Texas Cotton Producers includes nine certified cotton grower organizations; it addresses national and statewide cotton grower issues, such as the national farm bill and environmental legislation.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 32375, "question": "Which nation subsidized indigo crops from the Lowcountry?", "answer": "Britain", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 37774, "question": "When did #1 end slavery?", "answer": "1834", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "1990 Recopa Sudamericana", "paragraph_text": "The 1990 Recopa Sudamericana was the second Recopa Sudamericana, an annual football match between the winners of the previous season's Copa Libertadores and Supercopa Sudamericana competitions. Originally, the title was to supposed to be disputed on a two-legged series. Due to security concerns on the eventual, first leg in Colombia and schedule congestion a neutral stadium was chosen for the match to take place. The Orange Bowl in Miami became the venue for this year's Recopa Sudamericana final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Bairdford, Pennsylvania", "paragraph_text": "Bairdford is a census-designated place within the township of West Deer in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 698 with a median age of 44. There are 692 people classified as white, 3 as black, 3 as combination White& American Indian. There are 8 people who identify as Latino. The town was built to house the coal miners.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "In the Blink of an Eye (film)", "paragraph_text": "In the Blink of an Eye is a 2009 American film about the Rapture directed by Michael Sinclair. It stars David A. R. White, Eric Roberts and Andrea Logan White, and was released to DVD on November 17, 2009.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "BLACKsummers'night", "paragraph_text": "BLACKsummers'night is the fourth studio album by American recording artist Maxwell, released July 7, 2009 on Columbia Records. It is the follow-up to his third album \"Now\" (2001). Recording sessions for the album took place during 2007 to 2009 and production was handled entirely by Maxwell and Hod David.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Seven Dwarves (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Seven Dwarves is a seven-part documentary reality television series commissioned by Channel 4 in the United Kingdom. The show follows seven dwarf actors as they prepare for and take part in the pantomime Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Alsace", "paragraph_text": "During a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education. The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized. Following the Second World War, the 1927 regulation was not reinstated and the teaching of German in primary schools was suspended by a provisional rectorial decree, which was supposed to enable French to regain lost ground. The teaching of German became a major issue, however, as early as 1946. Following World War II, the French government pursued, in line with its traditional language policy, a campaign to suppress the use of German as part of a wider Francization campaign.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2009 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2009 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup was the fifth edition of the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup, governed by FIFA. Previous editions before 2005 were not governed by FIFA and were held under the title \"Beach Soccer World Championships\". Overall, this was the fifteenth edition of the World Cup since its establishment in 1995. It took place in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, the second tournament to take place outside Brazil and the last tournament to take place on an annual basis, between 16 November and 22 November 2009. The winners of the tournament were Brazil, who won their fourth consecutive FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup title and their thirteenth title overall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Bates Motel (season 4)", "paragraph_text": "The fourth season of Bates Motel premiered on March 7, 2016, and concluded on May 16, 2016. The season consisted of 10 episodes and aired on Mondays at 9 p.m. ET / PT on A&E. The series itself is described as a ``contemporary prequel ''to the 1960 film Psycho, following the life of Norman Bates and his mother Norma prior to the events portrayed in the Hitchcock film. The series takes place in the fictional town of White Pine Bay, Oregon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Uzeyir Hajibeyov International Music Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Uzeyir Hajibeyov International Music Festival is held in September, since 2009, in Azerbaijan. Musical events are held in several cities of Azerbaijan, and the main ceremonies take place in Baku.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "List of populated places in Denizli Province", "paragraph_text": "Below is the list of populated places in Denizli Province, Turkey by the districts. In the following lists first place in each list is the administrative center of the district", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Huntsman: Winter's War", "paragraph_text": "The Huntsman: Winter's War is a 2016 American fantasy adventure film based on characters from the German fairy tale ``Snow White ''compiled by the Brothers Grimm, as well as`` The Snow Queen'' by Hans Christian Andersen. Both a prequel and sequel to Snow White and the Huntsman, the film takes place before and after the events of the first film. The film is written by Craig Mazin and Evan Spiliotopoulos and is the directorial debut of Cedric Nicolas - Troyan, who acted as visual effects supervisor on the first film.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Bates Motel (season 5)", "paragraph_text": "The fifth and final season of Bates Motel premiered on February 20, 2017, and concluded on April 24, 2017. The season consisted of 10 episodes and aired on Mondays at 10 p.m. ET / PT on A&E. The series itself is described as a ``contemporary prequel ''to the 1960 film Psycho, following the life of Norman Bates and his mother Norma prior to the events portrayed in the Hitchcock film. However, the final season of the series loosely adapts the plot of Psycho. The series takes place in the fictional town of White Pine Bay, Oregon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Asking for Trouble", "paragraph_text": "Asking for Trouble is a 1942 British comedy film directed by Oswald Mitchell and starring Max Miller, Carole Lynne and Wilfrid Hyde-White. Its plot follows a fishmonger who takes up bookmaking to earn extra cash.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "White Night Wedding", "paragraph_text": "White Night Wedding () is a 2008 Icelandic film directed by Baltasar Kormákur. The bittersweet comedy, about the never-ending search for love and happiness, takes place in Flatey, Breiðafjörður, western Iceland. The film is loosely based on the play \"Ivanov\" by Anton Chekhov.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "White Island Shores, Massachusetts", "paragraph_text": "White Island Shores is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Plymouth in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States, along the shores of White Island Pond. The population was 2,106 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "List of populated places in Tunceli Province", "paragraph_text": "Below is the list of populated places in Tunceli Province, Turkey by the districts. In the following lists first place in each list is the administrative center of the district.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "White River, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "White River is a town in Ashland County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 921 at the 2010 census. The census-designated place of Marengo and unincorporated community of Sanborn are located in the town.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "It Follows", "paragraph_text": "A Detroit college student, Jaime ``Jay ''Height, goes on a date with her new boyfriend, Hugh. At the movies, Hugh points out a girl whom Jay says she can not see. Afraid, he asks that they leave. On another date, Hugh and Jay have sex in his car, but afterwards he incapacitates her with chloroform. She wakes up tied to a wheelchair. Hugh explains that she will be pursued by an entity that only she can see, which can take the appearance of any person. Although it only moves at a walking pace, it will always know where she is and will be constantly approaching, and if it catches Jay, it will kill her and pursue the previous person to have passed it on: Hugh. After they see a naked woman walking toward them, Hugh drives Jay home and flees.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Better Call Saul (season 4)", "paragraph_text": "The first and second seasons mainly took place in 2002, with season three advancing the storyline to 2003. The fourth season also takes place mainly in 2003, with the last three episodes taking place in 2004. In season four, Jimmy (Bob Odenkirk) and Kim (Rhea Seehorn) struggle to cope with Chuck's (Michael McKean) death. Howard Hamlin (Patrick Fabian) believes that his decision to force Chuck out of HHM led to Chuck's death, and suffers with depression and disengagement from work. Mike (Jonathan Banks) performs security inspections at Madrigal, disregarding the fact that his consulting contract was supposed to be only a paper transaction. Gus (Giancarlo Esposito) has his suspicions about Nacho (Michael Mando) after Hector's (Mark Margolis) stroke. Nacho becomes a mole for Gus inside the Salamanca organization. Gus hires an engineer and construction crew to begin construction of the meth ``superlab ''under the industrial laundry. Lalo Salamanca (Tony Dalton) arrives to begin running the family's drug business.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "While Blacks/African-Americans comprised only 13 percent of Michigan's population in 2010, they made up nearly 82 percent of Detroit's population. The next largest population groups were Whites, at 10 percent, and Hispanics, at 6 percent. According to the 2010 Census, segregation in Detroit has decreased in absolute and in relative terms. In the first decade of the 21st century, about two-thirds of the total black population in metropolitan area resided within the city limits of Detroit. The number of integrated neighborhoods has increased from 100 in 2000 to 204 in 2010. The city has also moved down the ranking, from number one most segregated to number four. A 2011 op-ed in The New York Times attributed the decreased segregation rating to the overall exodus from the city, cautioning that these areas may soon become more segregated. This pattern already happened in the 1970s, when apparent integration was actually a precursor to white flight and resegregation. Over a 60-year period, white flight occurred in the city. According to an estimate of the Michigan Metropolitan Information Center, from 2008 to 2009 the percentage of non-Hispanic White residents increased from 8.4% to 13.3%. Some empty nesters and many younger White people moved into the city while many African Americans moved to the suburbs.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 75364, "question": "when is it follows supposed to take place", "answer": "Detroit", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 26113, "question": "What is the 2009 population of Whites in #1 ?", "answer": "13.3%", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "By 1620 the Huguenots were on the defensive, and the government increasingly applied pressure. A series of three small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions broke out, mainly in southwestern France, between 1621 and 1629. revolted against royal authority. The uprising occurred a decade following the death of Henry IV, a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII, under the regency of his Italian Catholic mother Marie de' Medici, became more intolerant of Protestantism. The Huguenots respond by establishing independent political and military structures, establishing diplomatic contacts with foreign powers, and openly revolting against central power. The rebellions were implacably suppressed by the French Crown.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Alvin F. Waller", "paragraph_text": "Alvin F. Waller (1808–1872) was an American missionary in Oregon Country and an early leader at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon. He was a native of Pennsylvania and helped found the first Protestant church west of the Rocky Mountains in 1843 in Oregon City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "In Berlin, the Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt. By 1700, one-fifth of the city's population was French speaking. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century. They ultimately decided to switch to German in protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon in 1806-07. Many of their descendents rose to positions of prominence. Several congregations were founded, such as those of Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Renewed religious warfare in the 1620s caused the political and military privileges of the Huguenots to be abolished following their defeat. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France, and forced the Huguenots to convert. While nearly three-quarters eventually were killed or submitted, roughly 500,000 Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century[citation needed].", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Following the French Crown's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, many Huguenots settled in Ireland in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, encouraged by an act of parliament for Protestants' settling in Ireland. Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin. Significant Huguenot settlements were in Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal. Smaller settlements, which included Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Huguenots in South Africa", "paragraph_text": "On 31 December 1687 a group of Huguenots set sail from France as the first of the large scale emigration of Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope, which took place during 1688 and 1689. In total some 180 Huguenots from France, and 18 Walloons from the present - day Belgium, eventually settled at the Cape of Good Hope. A notable example of this is the emigration of Huguenots from La Motte d'Aigues in Provence, France. After this large scale emigration, individual Huguenot immigrant families arrived at the Cape of Good Hope as late as the first quarter of the 18th century, and the state - subsidised emigration of Huguenots was stopped in 1706.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "St. Augustine, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1565 by the Spanish conquistador, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, St. Augustine is the oldest continuously occupied settlement of European origin in the contiguous United States. In 1562, a group of Huguenots led by Jean Ribault arrived in Spanish Florida to establish a colony in the territory claimed by Spain. They explored the mouth of the St. Johns River, calling it la Rivière de Mai (the River May), then sailed northward and established a settlement called Charlesfort at Port Royal Sound in present - day South Carolina. Spain learned of this French expedition through its spies at ports on the Atlantic coast of France. The Huguenot nobleman René de Laudonnière, who had participated in the expedition, returned to Florida in 1564 with three ships and 300 Huguenot colonists. He arrived at the mouth of the River May on June 22, 1564, sailed up it a few miles, and founded Fort Caroline.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Most of the Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities, which led to their assimilation. Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century. Assimilated, the French made numerous contributions to United States economic life, especially as merchants and artisans in the late Colonial and early Federal periods. For example, E.I. du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier, established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Some Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain during the first years of the Dutch Revolt (1568–1609). The Dutch Republic rapidly became a destination for Huguenot exiles. Early ties were already visible in the \"Apologie\" of William the Silent, condemning the Spanish Inquisition, which was written by his court minister, the Huguenot Pierre L'Oyseleur, lord of Villiers. Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. As both spoke French in daily life, their court church in the Prinsenhof in Delft held services in French. The practice has continued to the present day. The Prinsenhof is one of the 14 active Walloon churches of the Dutch Reformed Church. The ties between Huguenots and the Dutch Republic's military and political leadership, the House of Orange-Nassau, which existed since the early days of the Dutch Revolt, helped support the many early settlements of Huguenots in the Dutch Republic's colonies. They settled at the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and New Netherland in North America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina; Jack Jouett, who made the ride from Cuckoo Tavern to warn Thomas Jefferson and others that Tarleton and his men were on their way to arrest him for crimes against the king; Francis Marion, and a number of other leaders of the American Revolution and later statesmen. The last active Huguenot congregation in North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. The Huguenot Society of America maintains Manakin Episcopal Church in Virginia as an historic shrine with occasional services. The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Huguenot immigrants did not disperse or settle in different parts of the country, but rather, formed three societies or congregations; one in the city of New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and a third further upstate in New Paltz. The \"Huguenot Street Historic District\" in New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains the oldest street in the United States of America. A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighborhood of Huguenot was named.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "St James Duke's Place", "paragraph_text": "St James Duke's Place was an Anglican parish church in the Aldgate ward of the City of London It was established in the early 17th century, rebuilt in 1727 and closed and demolished in 1874.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "A number of Huguenots served as mayors in Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford in the 17th and 18th centuries. Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use, and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there. Examples include the Huguenot District and French Church Street in Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland. A French church in Portarlington dates back to 1696, and was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town. At the time, they constituted the majority of the townspeople.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "In the Middle Ages, the Church and the worldly authorities were closely related. Martin Luther separated the religious and the worldly realms in principle (doctrine of the two kingdoms). The believers were obliged to use reason to govern the worldly sphere in an orderly and peaceful way. Luther's doctrine of the priesthood of all believers upgraded the role of laymen in the church considerably. The members of a congregation had the right to elect a minister and, if necessary, to vote for his dismissal (Treatise On the right and authority of a Christian assembly or congregation to judge all doctrines and to call, install and dismiss teachers, as testified in Scripture; 1523). Calvin strengthened this basically democratic approach by including elected laymen (church elders, presbyters) in his representative church government. The Huguenots added regional synods and a national synod, whose members were elected by the congregations, to Calvin's system of church self-government. This system was taken over by the other reformed churches.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre (c. 1455–1536). The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power. During the Protestant Reformation, Lefevre, a professor at the University of Paris, published his French translation of the New Testament in 1523, followed by the whole Bible in the French language in 1530. William Farel was a student of Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the Swiss Reformation, establishing a Protestant government in Geneva. Jean Cauvin (John Calvin), another student at the University of Paris, also converted to Protestantism. Long after the sect was suppressed by Francis I, the remaining French Waldensians, then mostly in the Luberon region, sought to join William Farel, Calvin and the Reformation, and Olivetan published a French Bible for them. The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence. Sometime between 1550 and 1580, members of the Reformed church in France came to be commonly known as Huguenots.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Prince Louis de Condé, along with his sons Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604. The Count supported mercantilism and welcomed technically skilled immigrants into his lands, regardless of their religion. The Condés established a thriving glass-making works, which provided wealth to the principality for many years. Other founding families created enterprises based on textiles and such traditional Huguenot occupations in France. The community and its congregation remain active to this day, with descendants of many of the founding families still living in the region. Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Denmark Congregational United Church of Christ", "paragraph_text": "Denmark Congregational United Church of Christ is located in Denmark, Iowa, United States. The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Denmark Congregational Church in 1977. The church is noteworthy because of its association with the Rev. Asa Turner, Jr. He was a noted abolitionist and supporter of the temperance movement, who was the pastor of the congregation in its early years. He was an early Congregationalist missionary to Iowa and encouraged the American Home Missionary Society to send more missionaries to the Iowa Territory. His requests resulted in the arrival of nine young men from Andover Theological Seminary in 1843. Known as the \"Iowa Band\", they established churches in eastern Iowa based on Turner's Denmark church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Vatican Cricket Team", "paragraph_text": "The Vatican Cricket Team is an amateur cricket team established by the Vatican to help establish ties between the Catholic Church and countries and regions where the sport is popular including India and the Caribbean and to encourage inter-faith dialogue.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. It is now located at Soho Square. Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London. They established a major weaving industry in and around Spitalfields (see Petticoat Lane and the Tenterground) in East London. In Wandsworth, their gardening skills benefited the Battersea market gardens. The Old Truman Brewery, then known as the Black Eagle Brewery, was founded in 1724. The flight of Huguenot refugees from Tours, France drew off most of the workers of its great silk mills which they had built.[citation needed] Some of these immigrants moved to Norwich, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Richmond, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Richmond has several historic churches. Because of its early English colonial history from the early 17th century to 1776, Richmond has a number of prominent Anglican/Episcopal churches including Monumental Church, St. Paul's Episcopal Church and St. John's Episcopal Church. Methodists and Baptists made up another section of early churches, and First Baptist Church of Richmond was the first of these, established in 1780. In the Reformed church tradition, the first Presbyterian Church in the City of Richmond was First Presbyterian Church, organized on June 18, 1812. On February 5, 1845, Second Presbyterian Church of Richmond was founded, which was a historic church where Stonewall Jackson attended and was the first Gothic building and the first gas-lit church to be built in Richmond. St. Peter's Church was dedicated and became the first Catholic church in Richmond on May 25, 1834. The city is also home to the historic Cathedral of the Sacred Heart which is the motherchurch for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 107357, "question": "Which was the country for Syllabub?", "answer": "England", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 40570, "question": "What early Huguenot Church was established in #1 ?", "answer": "The French Protestant Church of London", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[ "French Protestant Church of London", "The French Protestant Church" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "United States Air Force", "paragraph_text": "The Department of the Air Force is one of three military departments within the Department of Defense, and is managed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The senior officials in the Office of the Secretary are the Under Secretary of the Air Force, four Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force and the General Counsel, all of whom are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The senior uniformed leadership in the Air Staff is made up of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "James A. Roy", "paragraph_text": "James A. Roy (born 1964) is a retired Chief Master Sergeant of the United States Air Force who served as the 16th Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force from 30 June 2009 to 24 January 2013. He was previously the Senior Enlisted Leader and Advisor for United States Pacific Command.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "James M. Breedlove", "paragraph_text": "James Montgomery Breedlove (September 8, 1922 – January 9, 2016) was an American air force major general who was commander, U.S. Air Force Southern Air Division of the Tactical Air Command and deputy commander in chief, United States Southern Command, Quarry Heights, Canal Zone.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Benjamin N. Bellis", "paragraph_text": "Benjamin Neil Bellis (born February 4, 1924) is a retired American Air Force lieutenant general who was vice commander in chief, U.S. Air Forces in Europe, with headquarters at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. He was also commander of the Air Force's Electronic Systems Division.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Arnold W. Braswell", "paragraph_text": "Arnold Webb Braswell (born October 3, 1925) is a retired American Air Force lieutenant general and command pilot who was commander in chief of Pacific Air Forces, with headquarters at Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii. His command comprised more than 34,000 Air Force operational and support personnel stationed at eight major bases and more than 87 facilities principally located in Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, and Hawaii.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Charles A. Gabriel", "paragraph_text": "Charles Alvin Gabriel (January 21, 1928 – September 4, 2003) was the 11th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force. As chief of staff, Gabriel served in a dual capacity. He was a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff which, as a body, acts as the principal military adviser to the president, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense. In his other capacity, he was responsible to the Secretary of the Air Force for managing the vast human and materiel resources of the world's most powerful aerospace force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Pratap Chandra Lal", "paragraph_text": "Air Chief Marshal Pratap Chandra Lal, DFC (6 December 1916 – August 1982) was the Chief of Air Staff (CAS) of the Indian Air Force during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971. He served in the IAF from 1939 until his retirement in 1973. He was the CAS at the time of Operation Chengiz Khan, the preemptive strikes that were carried out by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) that marked the formal initiation of hostilities of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "United States Air Force", "paragraph_text": "\"Chopped\" units are referred to as forces. The top-level structure of these forces is the Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force (AETF). The AETF is the Air Force presentation of forces to a CCDR for the employment of Air Power. Each CCDR is supported by a standing Component Numbered Air Force (C-NAF) to provide planning and execution of aerospace forces in support of CCDR requirements. Each C-NAF consists of a Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR) and AFFOR/A-staff, and an Air Operations Center (AOC). As needed to support multiple Joint Force Commanders (JFC) in the COCOM's Area of Responsibility (AOR), the C-NAF may deploy Air Component Coordinate Elements (ACCE) to liaise with the JFC. If the Air Force possesses the preponderance of air forces in a JFC's area of operations, the COMAFFOR will also serve as the Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chief of the Air Staff (India)", "paragraph_text": "Chief of the Air Staff is the professional head and the commander of the Indian Air Force. The position is abbreviated as CAS in the Indian Air Force cables and communication, and is usually held by a four - star air officer of the rank Air Chief Marshal. The current CAS is Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa who took office on 31 December 2016, following the retirement of Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Donald Hardman", "paragraph_text": "Air Chief Marshal Sir James Donald Innes Hardman, (21 December 1899 – 2 March 1982), known as Donald Hardman, was a senior Royal Air Force commander. He began his flying career as a fighter pilot in World War I, achieving nine victories to become an ace. During World War II, Hardman held senior staff and operational posts. He was Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) from 1952 to 1954, after which he served as a member of the British Air Council until retiring in 1958.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Joseph R. Holzapple", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Randall Holzapple (September 7, 1914 – November 14, 1973) was a United States Air Force four-star general who served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Air Forces in Europe (CINCUSAFE) from 1969 to 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Commander-in-chief", "paragraph_text": "President Donald Trump is the current Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States. According to Article II, Section 2, Clause I of the Constitution, the President of the United States is ``Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States. ''Since the National Security Act of 1947, this has been understood to mean all United States Armed Forces. U.S. ranks have their roots in British military traditions, with the President possessing ultimate authority, but no rank, maintaining a civilian status. The exact degree of authority that the Constitution grants to the President as Commander in Chief has been the subject of much debate throughout history, with Congress at various times granting the President wide authority and at others attempting to restrict that authority.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Chief master sergeant", "paragraph_text": "Chief Master Sergeant (CMSgt) is the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force, just above Senior Master Sergeant, and is a senior non-commissioned officer rank. The official term is ``Chief Master Sergeant ''or`` Chief''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Frank Vargas Pazzos", "paragraph_text": "Frank Vargas Pazzos (born July 15, 1934 in Chone) was a commander of the Ecuadorian Air Force (FAE) and Chief of the Joint Armed Forces Command of Ecuador.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "List of current Indian chief ministers", "paragraph_text": "In the Republic of India, a chief minister is the head of government of each of twenty-nine states and two union territories (Delhi and Puducherry). According to the Constitution of India, at the state-level, the governor is de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the state legislative assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given he has the assembly's confidence, the chief minister's term is usually for a maximum of five years; there are no limits to the number of terms he or she can serve.Since June 2018, the office of Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir has been vacant; President's rule is in force there. Of the thirty incumbents, only one is a woman—Mamata Banerjee in West Bengal. Serving since March 2000 (for 19 years, 107 days), Odisha's Naveen Patnaik has the longest incumbency. Amarinder Singh (b. 1942) of Punjab is the oldest chief minister while Arunachal Pradesh's Pema Khandu (b. 1979) is the youngest. Twelve incumbents belong to the Bharatiya Janata Party and five to the Indian National Congress; no other party has more than one chief minister in office.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Richard D. Kisling", "paragraph_text": "Kisling became Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force on October 1, 1971. In this role he was adviser to Secretary of the Air Force Robert C. Seamans Jr. and Chief of Staff of the Air Force, General John D. Ryan, on matters concerning welfare, effective utilization and progress of the enlisted members of the Air Force. He was the third chief master sergeant appointed to this top noncommissioned officer position. Kisling retired from the Air Force on September 30, 1973.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)", "paragraph_text": "Portrait Name Position Branch General Jeong Kyeong - doo Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff & Chief Director of the Joint Defense Headquarters Republic of Korea Air Force General Kim Yong - woo Chief of Staff of the Republic of Korea Army Republic of Korea Army Admiral Sim Seung - seob Chief of Naval Operations of the Republic of Korea Navy Republic of Korea Navy General Lee Wang - keun Chief of Staff of the Republic of Korea Air Force Republic of Korea Air Force", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Howard D. Stendahl", "paragraph_text": "Howard Douglas Stendahl (born August 1, 1951) is the Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force, promoted to Major General with an effective date of August 2, 2012. He was officially promoted and installed as the Air Force Chief of Chaplains at a ceremony held at Bolling Air Force Base on August 31, 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Günter Voigt", "paragraph_text": "Günter Voigt (born January 2, 1933), is a military scientist and retired major general, whose last assignment was as Deputy Commander in Chief and Chief of Staff of the Air Forces of the National People's Army in the former East Germany.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Keith Williamson", "paragraph_text": "Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Keith Alec Williamson, (25 February 1928 – 2 May 2018) was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force. He served with the Royal Australian Air Force flying Meteors in a ground attack role during the Korean War. He was a squadron commander and then a station commander during the 1960s and a senior air commander in the 1980s. He was Chief of the Air Staff during the early 1980s at the time of the emergency airlift of food and supplies to Ethiopia (\"Operation Bushel\").", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 162325, "question": "what constitution?", "answer": "India", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 62975, "question": "who is the present air force chief of #1", "answer": "Birender Singh Dhanoa", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Avoca Island", "paragraph_text": "Avoca Island is an island located off the Intracoastal Waterway in the Morgan City Bayous near Morgan City, Louisiana, United States. It is home to many wildlife species. Part of the island is industrialized following the slow expansion of the city. Over 400 head of cattle reside on the island and Jim Bowie once herded cattle here in the nineteenth century. The island is also home to the Avoca Duck Club, founded in 1937.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "André Lejeune", "paragraph_text": "André Lejeune (4 July 1935 – 9 September 2009) was a French politician and a member of both the National Assembly and then Senate of France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Located in Jacksonville, Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, combined with nearby bases Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Cherry Point, MCAS New River, Camp Geiger, Camp Johnson, Stone Bay and Courthouse Bay, makes up the largest concentration of Marines and sailors in the world. MCAS Cherry Point is home of the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing. Located in Goldsboro, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base is home of the 4th Fighter Wing and 916th Air Refueling Wing. One of the busiest air stations in the United States Coast Guard is located at the Coast Guard Air Station in Elizabeth City. Also stationed in North Carolina is the Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point in Southport.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Kathleen L. Martin", "paragraph_text": "Kathleen L. Martin was commissioned an Ensign in May 1973 after graduating from Boston University. Following Officer Indoctrination School in Newport, R.I., she served at Naval Hospital, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, as a staff nurse and later as a charge nurse in pediatrics. In 1976, she reported to Navy Recruiting District, Philadelphia, as the Medical Programs Officer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Belgrade, Maine", "paragraph_text": "Belgrade is a town in Kennebec County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,189 at the 2010 census. Belgrade's population, however, approximately doubles during the summer months as part-year residents return to seasonal camps located on the shores of Great Pond, Long Pond and Messalonskee Lake. Belgrade includes the villages of North Belgrade, Belgrade Depot and Belgrade Lakes (or The Village). Belgrade is included in the Augusta, Maine micropolitan New England City and Town Area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "paragraph_text": "In contrast to Hiroshima, almost all of the buildings were of old-fashioned Japanese construction, consisting of timber or timber-framed buildings with timber walls (with or without plaster) and tile roofs. Many of the smaller industries and business establishments were also situated in buildings of timber or other materials not designed to withstand explosions. Nagasaki had been permitted to grow for many years without conforming to any definite city zoning plan; residences were erected adjacent to factory buildings and to each other almost as closely as possible throughout the entire industrial valley. On the day of the bombing, an estimated 263,000 people were in Nagasaki, including 240,000 Japanese residents, 10,000 Korean residents, 2,500 conscripted Korean workers, 9,000 Japanese soldiers, 600 conscripted Chinese workers, and 400 Allied prisoners of war in a camp to the north of Nagasaki.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Time in the Falkland Islands", "paragraph_text": "The Falkland Islands has officially used Falkland Islands Standard Time (UTC−3) all year round since 5 September 2010. However, many residents of Camp use UTC−4, known on the Falklands as \"Camp Time\" (as opposed to \"Stanley time\" or \"Government clocks\").", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Wes Watkins Reservoir", "paragraph_text": "Wes Watkins Reservoir is a reservoir located in central Oklahoma, United States, between Oklahoma City and Shawnee (in the center of McLoud). Its primary use is recreation, especially camping and fishing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Weedpatch Camp", "paragraph_text": "Between April 1935 and December 1936, the federal government's New Deal Resettlement Administration (RA) had relocated many struggling rural and urban families to planned communities. Weedpatch Camp, however, was constructed by the Works Progress Administration. It was located on the outskirts of the small towns of Arvin and Weedpatch. The camp now is located in an unincorporated area of Kern County just south of Bakersfield.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Yapraklı, Fatsa", "paragraph_text": "Yapraklı is a village in the town of Fatsa, Turkey. It is located near downtown Fatsa and becoming an attraction for many city residents. Near the sea, there are many apartment complexes that are being built. The purpose of these complexes is for people to get away from the city environment to a quiet and green environment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Guinea-Bissau", "paragraph_text": "Malaria kills more residents; 9% of the population have reported infection, It causes three times as many deaths as AIDS. In 2008, fewer than half of children younger than five slept under antimalaria nets or had access to antimalarial drugs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Michel Lejeune (politician)", "paragraph_text": "Michel Lejeune (born August 21, 1946) is a French politician, a member of the National Assembly. He represents the Seine-Maritime department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Malacañang sa Sugbo", "paragraph_text": "Malacañang sa Sugbo (, ) is the official residence of the President of the Philippines in the Visayas. It is located in Cebu City near the Port Area and Fort San Pedro, and within walking distance from the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño, Magellan's Cross, and City Hall. It is named after the Malacañang Palace, the official residence of the President in the capital city of Manila.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Rhyndarra", "paragraph_text": "Rhyndarra is a heritage-listed residence located at 23 Riverview Place, Yeronga, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The architect was Andrea Stombuco. It was built from 1888 to 1938. It is also known as No. 2 Women's Hospital, Australian Military Forces 1st Military Hospital, National Service Training Hospital, No. 1 Camp Hospital, and Yeronga Girls' Industrial School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Camp Williams", "paragraph_text": "Camp W. G. Williams, commonly known as Camp Williams, also known as Army Garrison Camp Williams, is a National Guard training site operated by the Utah National Guard. It is located south of Bluffdale, west of Lehi, and north of Saratoga Springs and Cedar Fort, approximately south of Salt Lake City, straddling the border between Salt Lake County and Utah County in the western portion of the Traverse Mountains. Camp Williams is also home to the Non-Commissioned Officer's Basic Leader Course, which is taught to Active, National Guard, and Reserve components.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Tulelake Municipal Airport", "paragraph_text": "The airport is unique in that it is located on the site of the Tule Lake War Relocation Center, a concentration camp used during the Japanese American internment. Tule Lake housed some 29,000 men, women and children between 1942 and 1945, and the foundations or supports of many camp buildings are visible from the air by pilots in the landing pattern.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Winhill/Losehill", "paragraph_text": "Winhill/Losehill is a Swedish six-member musical band from Umeå, Sweden led by vocalist Jonas Svennem Lundberg. The band's name is taken from two mountains located in the English village of Hope, Derbyshire, namely Win Hill and Lose Hill. It is a tribute to the location where Jonas Svennem Lundberg took part in a folk music camp at a younger age.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Jesus Camp", "paragraph_text": "\"Jesus Camp\" is about the Kids on Fire School of Ministry, a charismatic Christian summer camp located just outside Devils Lake, North Dakota and run by Becky Fischer and her ministry, \"Kids in Ministry International.\" The film focuses on three children who attended the camp in the summer of 2005—Levi, Rachael, and Tory (Victoria). The film cuts between footage of the camp and a children's prayer conference held just before the camp at Christ Triumphant Church, a large charismatic church in Lee's Summit, Missouri, a suburb of Kansas City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Jacksonville, Florida", "paragraph_text": "As of 2010[update], there were 366,273 households out of which 11.8% were vacant. 23.9% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.21. In the city, the population was spread out with 23.9% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.5 years. For every 100 females there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Webster State Park", "paragraph_text": "Webster State Park is a state park of Kansas, United States. It is located west of the city of Stockton in Rooks County. The park offers camping as well as boating on Webster Reservoir.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 24685, "question": "Where is Camp Lejeune located?", "answer": "Jacksonville", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 41437, "question": "How many of #1 's city residents are younger than 18?", "answer": "23.9%", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "paragraph_text": "In New York City, Cipher sends Dom to retrieve a nuclear football held by the Russian Minister of Defence. Prior to the theft, Dom briefly evades Cipher and persuades Deckard and Owen's mother, Magdalene Shaw, to help him. Cipher hacks into the electronics systems of a large number of cars, causing them to drive automatically and taking out the convoy so that Dom can take the football. The team intercepts Dom, but Dom escapes, shooting and apparently killing Deckard in the process. Letty catches up to Dom, but is ambushed and nearly killed by Cipher's enforcer, Connor Rhodes, before Dom rescues her. In retaliation, Cipher has Rhodes execute Elena in front of Dom.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Los Angeles Lakers", "paragraph_text": "Los Angeles Lakers 2017 -- 18 Los Angeles Lakers season Conference Western Division Pacific Founded 1947 History Minneapolis Lakers 1947 -- 1960 Los Angeles Lakers 1960 -- present Arena Staples Center Location Los Angeles, California Team colors Purple, gold, black, white Main sponsor Wish President Jeanie Buss General manager Rob Pelinka Head coach Luke Walton Ownership Buss Family Trusts (majority), Philip Anschutz, Edward P. Roski, and Patrick Soon - Shiong (minority) Affiliation (s) South Bay Lakers Championships 16 (1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1972, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010) Conference titles 31 (1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010) Division titles 23 (1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012) Retired numbers 11 (8, 13, 22, 24, 25, 32, 33, 34, 42, 44, 52, MIC) Honored: (VM, GM, JP, SM, JK, CL) Website www.nba.com/lakers Uniforms Home Away Third", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Rich Cho", "paragraph_text": "Richard Cho (born August 10, 1965) is an American basketball executive who most recently served as the general manager of the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association. Prior to the Hornets, Cho was the general manager of the Portland Trail Blazers and the assistant general manager of the Oklahoma City Thunder. Cho is the first Asian American general manager in NBA history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Shaq–Kobe feud", "paragraph_text": "In 1996, the Los Angeles Lakers acquired the draft rights to high school player Kobe Bryant from the Charlotte Hornets by trading established center Vlade Divac. No NBA team had previously drafted a guard straight from high school. After freeing up salary by parting with other veteran players, they signed free agent All - Star center Shaquille O'Neal later that year. The two sparred in their first three seasons playing together from 1996 -- 1999. Bryant kept his teammates at a distance, answering non-basketball questions with one - or two - word responses. O'Neal told the Lakers when Bryant arrived, ``I'm not gon na be babysitting. ''Bryant had extreme confidence in his ability, which was unusual for an 18 - year - old. Some teammates interpreted Bryant's confidence as arrogance. O'Neal was wary of Bryant, as a rookie, boasting that he would lead the Lakers in scoring and be the best player in the league. Lakers general manager Jerry West criticized O'Neal's leadership for hazing Bryant that season. While O'Neal's personality was good - humored, Bryant's demeanor was all - business and was interpreted by some teammates as selfishness. O'Neal began calling Bryant showboat because of his flashy offensive moves. In an overtime playoff loss to the Utah Jazz that eliminated the Lakers, O'Neal fouled out with two minutes remaining in regulation. Lakers coach Del Harris had designed the Laker offense around the rookie Bryant, who went on to shoot four air balls. Harris explained that Bryant's one - on - one skills made him the best choice. After the game, O'Neal put his arm around Bryant and told him there would be other opportunities. West said the team's shortcoming made O'Neal angry since he was going to be judged by the team's success.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ronnie Lester", "paragraph_text": "Ronnie Lester (born January 1, 1959) is an American retired basketball player and basketball executive. Lester was an NCAA All-American at the University of Iowa, leading Iowa to the 1980 NCAA Final Four. Lester was a member of the 1979 USA Basketball team that won the Gold Medal in the 1979 Pan-American Games. Lester was the No. 10 overall selection in the first round of the 1980 NBA Draft. After an injury-filled career, which included winning an NBA title with the 1985 Los Angeles Lakers, Lester worked as a scout for the Lakers, and eventually became the team's assistant general manager. After leaving the Lakers after 24 years, with seven NBA titles in his tenure with the team, Lester was a scout for the Phoenix Suns from 2011 to 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)", "paragraph_text": "On 28 January 2012, police arrested four current and former staff members of The Sun, as part of a probe in which journalists paid police officers for information; a police officer was also arrested in the probe. The Sun staffers arrested were crime editor Mike Sullivan, head of news Chris Pharo, former deputy editor Fergus Shanahan, and former managing editor Graham Dudman, who since became a columnist and media writer. All five arrested were held on suspicion of corruption. Police also searched the offices of News International, the publishers of The Sun, as part of a continuing investigation into the News of the World scandal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Kobe Bryant", "paragraph_text": "The first guard to ever be taken out of high school, Bryant was chosen as the 13th overall draft pick by the Charlotte Hornets in 1996. According to Arn Tellem, Bryant's agent at the time, Bryant playing for the Charlotte Hornets was ``an impossibility ''. However, Bill Branch, the Hornets' head scout at the time, said that the Hornets agreed to trade their draft selection to the Los Angeles Lakers before picking Bryant. The teams agreed to the trade the day before the draft and the Lakers told the Hornets whom to select five minutes before the pick was made. Branch said that prior to the trade agreement, the Hornets never even considered drafting Bryant. Prior to the draft, Bryant had worked out in Los Angeles, where he scrimmaged against former Lakers players Larry Drew and Michael Cooper and, according to then - Laker manager Jerry West,`` marched over these people''. On July 1, 1996, West traded his starting center, Vlade Divac, to the Hornets in exchange for Bryant's draft rights. Since he was still 17 at the time of the draft, his parents had to cosign his contract with the Lakers until he was able to sign his own when he turned 18 before the season began.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "List of Oakland Athletics owners and executives", "paragraph_text": "Dave Kaval, President 2016 - present Billy Beane, General Manager 1998 -- 2015; VP Baseball Operations 2015 -- present David Forst, General Manager 2015 -- present Michael Crowley, President 1998 -- 2016 Sandy Alderson, President 1993 -- 1995, 1997 -- 1998; General Manager 1983 -- 1998 Walter J. Haas, President 1990 -- 1992 Roy Eisenhardt, President 1981 -- 1986 Billy Martin, General Manager 1981 -- 1982 Charles O. Finley, General Manager 1961 -- 1980 Frank Lane, General Manager 1960 -- 1961 Parke Carroll, General Manager 1959 -- 1960 Mickey Cochrane, General Manager 1950 Arthur Ehlers, General Manager 1951 - 53 Connie Mack General Manager 1901 -- 1950", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Gheorghe Cialâk", "paragraph_text": "Gheorghe Cialâk (21 April 1886, Bucharest - 7 December 1977, Bucharest) was a Romanian Lieutenant-General during World War II. In 1941, he became General Officer Commanding 4th Division. The following year, he would serve as General Officer Commanding 7th Corps area and General Officer Commanding Cavalry Corps. Cialâk was arrested in 1944, retired in 1945, and was acquitted and released in 1946. However, he was arrested again in 1951 and charged with crimes against humanity, but was ultimately released in 1955.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Federal Bureau of Investigation", "paragraph_text": "The National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) crime statistics system aims to address limitations inherent in UCR data. The system is used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes. Local, state, and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their records management systems. Data is collected on every incident and arrest in the Group A offense category. The Group A offenses are 46 specific crimes grouped in 22 offense categories. Specific facts about these offenses are gathered and reported in the NIBRS system. In addition to the Group A offenses, eleven Group B offenses are reported with only the arrest information. The NIBRS system is in greater detail than the summary-based UCR system. As of 2004, 5,271 law enforcement agencies submitted NIBRS data. That amount represents 20% of the United States population and 16% of the crime statistics data collected by the FBI.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Los Angeles Lakers", "paragraph_text": "Los Angeles Lakers 2018 -- 19 Los Angeles Lakers season Conference Western Division Pacific Founded 1947 History Minneapolis Lakers 1947 -- 1960 Los Angeles Lakers 1960 -- present Arena Staples Center Location Los Angeles, California Team colors Purple, gold, black, white Main sponsor Wish President Jeanie Buss General manager Rob Pelinka Head coach Luke Walton Ownership Buss Family Trusts (majority), Philip Anschutz, Edward P. Roski, and Patrick Soon - Shiong (minority) Affiliation (s) South Bay Lakers Championships 16 (1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1972, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010) Conference titles 31 (1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010) Division titles 23 (1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012) Retired numbers 11 (8, 13, 22, 24, 25, 32, 33, 34, 42, 44, 52, MIC) Honored: (VM, GM, JP, SM, JK, CL) Website www.nba.com/lakers Home Away Third", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Mitch Kupchak", "paragraph_text": "Mitchell Kupchak (born May 24, 1954) is an American former basketball player and the former general manager of the Los Angeles Lakers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro", "paragraph_text": "The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro (also The Arrest of Prince Diponegoro; Indonesian: \"Penangkapan Pangeran Diponegoro\"; Dutch: \"Gevangenname van Prins Diponegoro\") is the name of an 1857 painting by Raden Saleh, depicting the capture of Prince Diponegoro by Lieutenant General Hendrik Merkus de Kock on 28 March 1830.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Blade Runner", "paragraph_text": "In 2019 Los Angeles, former police officer Rick Deckard is detained by officer Gaff, and brought to his former supervisor, Bryant. Deckard, whose job as a \"blade runner\" was to track down bioengineered beings known as replicants and \"retire\" (kill) them, is informed that four are on Earth illegally. Deckard starts to leave, but Bryant ambiguously threatens him, and he stays. The two watch a video of a blade runner named Holden administering the \"Voigt-Kampff\" test, which is designed to distinguish replicants from humans based on their emotional response to questions. The test subject, Leon, shoots Holden on the second question. Bryant wants Deckard to retire Leon and the other three Tyrell Corporation Nexus-6 replicants: Roy Batty, Zhora, and Pris.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Los Angeles Lakers", "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles. The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference in the Pacific Division. The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center, an arena shared with the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League. The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 16 NBA championships (11 in Los Angeles), their most recent being in 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Joel Berry II", "paragraph_text": "After going undrafted in the 2018 NBA draft, Berry signed with the Los Angeles Lakers summer league team. On July 19, 2018, he signed a rookie scale contract with the Lakers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "History of the Los Angeles Lakers", "paragraph_text": "In 1958, the Brooklyn Dodgers of Major League Baseball moved to Los Angeles and quickly became a huge financial success. Short did not fail to notice this. After considering moves to Chicago and San Francisco, he decided to move the franchise to Los Angeles prior to the 1961 season, making the Lakers the NBA's first West Coast team. The Lakers did not change their name after this second move, despite the general scarcity of natural lakes in southern California. Minneapolis, meanwhile, would remain without an NBA franchise until the debut of the Minnesota Timberwolves in 1989.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2009 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "Game Date Home Team Result Road Team Game 1 Thursday, June 4 Los Angeles Lakers 100 -- 75 (1 -- 0) Orlando Magic Game 2 Sunday, June 7 Los Angeles Lakers 101 -- 96 (2 -- 0) Orlando Magic Game 3 Tuesday, June 9 Orlando Magic 108 -- 104 (2 -- 1) Los Angeles Lakers Game 4 Thursday, June 11 Orlando Magic 91 -- 99 (3 -- 1) Los Angeles Lakers Game 5 Sunday, June 14 Orlando Magic 86 -- 99 (4 -- 1) Los Angeles Lakers", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Tony Jaros", "paragraph_text": "A 6'3\" (1.90 m) forward/guard from the University of Minnesota, Jaros played four seasons (1946–1947; 1948–1951) in the Basketball Association of America/National Basketball Association as a member of the Chicago Stags and Minneapolis Lakers. He averaged 5.4 points per game in his BAA/NBA career and won two league championships with the Lakers. He also spent one season in the National Basketball League with the Lakers (1947–1948), winning the NBL title that season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2000 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "Game Date Home Team Result Road Team Game 1 Wednesday, June 7 Los Angeles Lakers 104 -- 87 (1 -- 0) Indiana Pacers Game 2 Friday, June 9 Los Angeles Lakers 111 -- 104 (2 -- 0) Indiana Pacers Game 3 Sunday, June 11 Indiana Pacers 100 -- 91 (1 -- 2) Los Angeles Lakers Game 4 Wednesday, June 14 Indiana Pacers 118 -- 120 OT (1 -- 3) Los Angeles Lakers Game 5 Friday, June 16 Indiana Pacers 120 -- 87 (2 -- 3) Los Angeles Lakers Game 6 Monday, June 19 Los Angeles Lakers 116 -- 111 (4 -- 2) Indiana Pacers", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161529, "question": "Where was Deckard arrested?", "answer": "Los Angeles", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 64338, "question": "who is the general manager of the #1 lakers", "answer": "Mitchell Kupchak", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

[ "Mitch Kupchak" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Hyperloop Transportation Technologies", "paragraph_text": "Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, also known as HyperloopTT, is an American research company formed using a crowd collaboration approach (a mix of team collaboration and crowdsourcing) to develop a transportation system based on the Hyperloop concept, which was envisioned by Elon Musk in 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Prenatal memory", "paragraph_text": "There is some evidence that fetal memory may begin within the second trimester after conception. Substantial evidence for fetal memories has been found at around 30 weeks after conception. Fetal memory is important for parental recognition, and facilitates the bond between child and parents. One of the most important types of memory is that which stores information contributing to the maternal bond between infant and mother. This form of memory is important for a type of development known as attachment. Fetal memory is thus critical to the survival of the fetus both prenatally (in the womb) and after birth as an infant.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Brigade de cuisine", "paragraph_text": "The concept was developed by Georges Auguste Escoffier. This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks in the kitchen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "The terms international policing, transnational policing, and/or global policing began to be used from the early 1990s onwards to describe forms of policing that transcended the boundaries of the sovereign nation-state (Nadelmann, 1993), (Sheptycki, 1995). These terms refer in variable ways to practices and forms for policing that, in some sense, transcend national borders. This includes a variety of practices, but international police cooperation, criminal intelligence exchange between police agencies working in different nation-states, and police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states are the three types that have received the most scholarly attention.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Edwards curve", "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, the Edwards curves are a family of elliptic curves studied by Harold Edwards in 2007. The concept of elliptic curves over finite fields is widely used in elliptic curve cryptography. Applications of Edwards curves to cryptography were developed by Daniel J. Bernstein and Tanja Lange: they pointed out several advantages of the Edwards form in comparison to the more well known Weierstrass form.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Steam engine", "paragraph_text": "The steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory; however, the only applications of scientific theory that influenced the steam engine were the original concepts of harnessing the power of steam and atmospheric pressure and knowledge of properties of heat and steam. The experimental measurements made by Watt on a model steam engine led to the development of the separate condenser. Watt independently discovered latent heat, which was confirmed by the original discoverer Joseph Black, who also advised Watt on experimental procedures. Watt was also aware of the change in the boiling point of water with pressure. Otherwise, the improvements to the engine itself were more mechanical in nature. The thermodynamic concepts of the Rankine cycle did give engineers the understanding needed to calculate efficiency which aided the development of modern high-pressure and -temperature boilers and the steam turbine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "Studies of this kind outside of Europe are even rarer, so it is difficult to make generalizations, but one small-scale study that compared transnational police information and intelligence sharing practices at specific cross-border locations in North America and Europe confirmed that low visibility of police information and intelligence sharing was a common feature (Alain, 2001). Intelligence-led policing is now common practice in most advanced countries (Ratcliffe, 2007) and it is likely that police intelligence sharing and information exchange has a common morphology around the world (Ratcliffe, 2007). James Sheptycki has analyzed the effects of the new information technologies on the organization of policing-intelligence and suggests that a number of 'organizational pathologies' have arisen that make the functioning of security-intelligence processes in transnational policing deeply problematic. He argues that transnational police information circuits help to \"compose the panic scenes of the security-control society\". The paradoxical effect is that, the harder policing agencies work to produce security, the greater are feelings of insecurity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sustainable development", "paragraph_text": "While the modern concept of sustainable development is derived mostly from the 1987 Brundtland Report, it is also rooted in earlier ideas about sustainable forest management and twentieth century environmental concerns. As the concept developed, it has shifted to focus more on economic development, social development and environmental protection for future generations. It has been suggested that ``the term 'sustainability' should be viewed as humanity's target goal of human - ecosystem equilibrium (homeostasis), while 'sustainable development' refers to the holistic approach and temporal processes that lead us to the end point of sustainability ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Brain", "paragraph_text": "The invention of electronic computers in the 1940s, along with the development of mathematical information theory, led to a realization that brains can potentially be understood as information processing systems. This concept formed the basis of the field of cybernetics, and eventually gave rise to the field now known as computational neuroscience. The earliest attempts at cybernetics were somewhat crude in that they treated the brain as essentially a digital computer in disguise, as for example in John von Neumann's 1958 book, The Computer and the Brain. Over the years, though, accumulating information about the electrical responses of brain cells recorded from behaving animals has steadily moved theoretical concepts in the direction of increasing realism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Maiden Voyage (Herbie Hancock album)", "paragraph_text": "Maiden Voyage is the fifth album led by jazz musician Herbie Hancock, and was recorded by Rudy Van Gelder on March 17, 1965 for Blue Note Records. It was issued as BLP 4195 and BST 84195. It is a concept album aimed at creating an oceanic atmosphere. Many of the track titles refer to marine biology or the sea, and the musicians develop the concept through their use of space. The album was presented with the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1999.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "History of evolutionary thought", "paragraph_text": "Evolutionary thought, the conception that species change over time, has roots in antiquity -- in the ideas of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese as well as in medieval Islamic science. With the beginnings of modern biological taxonomy in the late 17th century, two opposed ideas influenced Western biological thinking: essentialism, the belief that every species has essential characteristics that are unalterable, a concept which had developed from medieval Aristotelian metaphysics, and that fit well with natural theology; and the development of the new anti-Aristotelian approach to modern science: as the Enlightenment progressed, evolutionary cosmology and the mechanical philosophy spread from the physical sciences to natural history. Naturalists began to focus on the variability of species; the emergence of paleontology with the concept of extinction further undermined static views of nature. In the early 19th century Jean - Baptiste Lamarck (1744 -- 1829) proposed his theory of the transmutation of species, the first fully formed theory of evolution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Neighbourhood police centre", "paragraph_text": "A neighbourhood police centre (NPC) is a mid-sized police station in Singapore, introduced in 1997 to replace the Singapore Police Force's Neighbourhood Police Post (NPP) system. Based similarly on the concepts of community policing and modelled after the kōban system in Japan, it allows for police officers on the ground to perform more duties, particularly investigative work, which was previously in the hands of division-based officers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Somalis", "paragraph_text": "Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel. The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court, and suspended the constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Petition to the King", "paragraph_text": "Many colonists in the Americas, however, developed a different conception of their role within the British Empire. In particular, because the colonies were not directly represented in Parliament, colonists argued that Parliament had no right to levy taxes upon them. After colonists destroyed thousands of pounds of British - taxed tea during the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Coercive Acts in 1774, punishing the colonies for their actions. These punitive Acts were vehemently opposed by the colonists, leading the newly formed Continental Congress to seek redress with King George III, in an attempt to reach a common understanding.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "Colquhoun's utilitarian approach to the problem – using a cost-benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit – allowed him to achieve what Henry and John Fielding failed for their Bow Street detectives. Unlike the stipendiary system at Bow Street, the river police were full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees. His other contribution was the concept of preventive policing; his police were to act as a highly visible deterrent to crime by their permanent presence on the Thames. Colquhoun's innovations were a critical development leading up to Robert Peel's \"new\" police three decades later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Alan Turing", "paragraph_text": "Alan Mathison Turing OBE FRS (/ ˈtjʊərɪŋ /; 23 June 1912 -- 7 June 1954) was an English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general purpose computer. Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Fluid and crystallized intelligence", "paragraph_text": "Fluid and crystallized intelligence were originally identified by Raymond Cattell. Concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence were further developed by Cattell's student, John L. Horn. Since Cattell's and Horn's publications, the concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence have become so ingrained in the field of intelligence that they are no longer routinely attributed to Cattell or Horn -- much as Cattell's scree plot became ingrained in the practice of factor analysis or Freud's concept of the subconscious is ingrained in psychology and in the public's perceptions of the mind.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Two-factor theory of intelligence", "paragraph_text": "Charles Spearman developed his two - factor theory of intelligence using factor analysis. His research not only led him to develop the concept of the g factor of general intelligence, but also the s factor of specific intellectual abilities. L.L. Thurstone, Howard Gardner, and Robert Sternberg also researched the structure of intelligence, and in analyzing their data, concluded that a single underlying factor was influencing the general intelligence of individuals. However, Spearman was criticized in 1916 by Godfrey Thomson, who claimed that the evidence was not as crucial as it seemed. Modern research is still expanding this theory by investigating Spearman's law of diminishing returns, and adding connected concepts to the research.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Parliament of the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the Treaty of Union by Acts of Union passed by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. At the start of the 19th century, Parliament was further enlarged by Acts of Union ratified by the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland that abolished the latter and added 100 Irish MPs and 32 Lords to the former to create the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 formally amended the name to the ``Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '', five years after the secession of the Irish Free State.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "BMW Vision ConnectedDrive", "paragraph_text": "The Vision ConnectedDrive is a two-seater sports car concept built by BMW featuring new advanced driver assistance aids. It had its world premiere at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show. Unlike previously named Vision concept cars, BMW has no intention to build this vehicle, but to show off its latest design and technology developments.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 62606, "question": "the concept of intelligence-led policing (ilp) is a concept was developed in what country", "answer": "the UK", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 68350, "question": "when was the parliament formed in the #1", "answer": "1707", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Charlesite", "paragraph_text": "Charlesite is a sulfate mineral of the ettringite group. Charlesite was named in 1945 after Dr. Charles Palache mineralogist and professor at Harvard University for his work on minerals. This mineral is extremely rare, and when it is found it is often in crystal (but not gem) form. Its crystals are soft hexagonal, that can vary in color. Colors can range from clear to white, or even a pale yellow or pink. The brittle mineral's Mohs hardness is 2.5 with a specific gravity of 1.79. Though transparent to the eye the mineral has a white streak.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "In the course of this religious upheaval, the German Peasants' War of 1524–25 swept through the Bavarian, Thuringian and Swabian principalities. After the Eighty Years' War in the Low Countries and the French Wars of Religion, the confessional division of the states of the Holy Roman Empire eventually erupted in the Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648. It devastated much of Germany, killing between 25% and 40% of its population. The main tenets of the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War, were:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Rapidcreekite", "paragraph_text": "Rapidcreekite was first encountered in 1983 in a tributary of Rapid Creek unofficially known as Crosscut Creek at in northern Yukon. The mineral was named \"rapidcreekite\" for the general area in which it was found. The mineral and name were approved by the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (IMA1984-035). Rapidcreekite was described in 1986 in the journal \"Canadian Mineralogist\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Christian Frederick Matthaei", "paragraph_text": "Christian Frederick Matthaei (4 March 1744 in Mücheln – 26 September 1811), a Thuringian, palaeographer, classical philologist, professor first at Wittenberg and then at Moscow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Howlite", "paragraph_text": "Howlite was discovered near Windsor, Nova Scotia in 1868 by Henry How (1828–1879), a Canadian chemist, geologist, and mineralogist. How was alerted to the unknown mineral by miners in a gypsum quarry, who found it to be a nuisance. He called the new mineral silico-boro-calcite; it was given the name howlite by James Dwight Dana shortly thereafter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "USS Mineral County (LST-988)", "paragraph_text": "USS \"Mineral County\" (LST-988) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named after Mineral County, West Virginia, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Krokodil", "paragraph_text": "Krokodil (, \"crocodile\") was a satirical magazine published in the Soviet Union. It was founded in 1922, at first as the satirical supplement to the \"Workers' Gazette\" (called simply «Приложения» [Supplement]); when it became a separate publication, the name 'Crocodile' was chosen at an editorial meeting from among a list of suggested animal names. At that time, a large number of satirical magazines existed, such as \"Zanoza\" and \"Prozhektor\". Nearly all of them eventually disappeared.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "God Help Me (film)", "paragraph_text": "God Help Me is a 2006 American Christian direct-to-video romantic comedy film written and produced by Dan Olds. It was directed by Reece Tedford, and stars Tom Miner, George Moss, Jim Anderson, Candace Orrino and Shelley Findley. The film was produced by Dust Storm Productions, and distributed on July 13, 2006 by CustomFlix.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "New Miner, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "New Miner is an unincorporated community located in the town of Armenia, Juneau County, Wisconsin, United States. New Miner is located on County Highway G north-northeast of Necedah.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Help Me Make It Through the Night", "paragraph_text": "``Help Me Make It Through the Night ''Song by Kris Kristofferson from the album Kristofferson A-side`` Help Me Make It Through the Night'' Released 1970 Recorded 1969 Genre Country Length 2: 24 Label Monument Songwriter (s) Kris Kristofferson Producer (s) Fred Foster", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Please Help Me, I'm Falling", "paragraph_text": "``Please Help Me, I'm Falling ''is a 1960 song written by Don Robertson and Hal Blair and first recorded by Hank Locklin. The single was Locklin's most successful recording and was his second number one on the country charts.`` Please Help Me, I'm Falling'' spent fourteen weeks at the top spot and spent nine months on the country chart and crossed over to the Hot 100 peaking at number eight.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Witherite", "paragraph_text": "Witherite was named after William Withering (1741–1799) an English physician and naturalist who in 1784 published his research on the new mineral. He could show that barite and the new mineral were two different minerals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Expatica", "paragraph_text": "Expatica’s mission is to help expats in Europe settle into their new country of residence by providing up-to-date news and information in the English language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Jackson Springs, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Jackson Springs is an unincorporated community in Moore County, North Carolina, United States. In the early 1900's Jackson Springs was a bustling community, complete with a grand hotel, drugstore, train depot, bowling alley, and various other businesses. The town had become famous for its flowing springs of mineral water which many believed had therapeutic qualities. The springs helped give the town notoriety as a health resort.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Mineral", "paragraph_text": "There are over 5,300 known mineral species; as of March 2017, over 5,230 of these had been approved by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA). The silicate minerals compose over 90% of the Earth's crust. Silicon and oxygen constitute approximately 75% of the Earth's crust, which translates directly into the predominance of silicate minerals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Leutenberg", "paragraph_text": "Leutenberg is a town in the district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated in the Thuringian Forest, 18 km southeast of Saalfeld.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Howard, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Howard is a city in Miner County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 858 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat and most populous city in Miner County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Donat Mg", "paragraph_text": "Donat Mg is a natural mineral water from the springs of Rogaška Slatina in Slovenia. It has a high content of magnesium. It helps with constipation problems, heartburn and magnesium deficiency problems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Spitter (river)", "paragraph_text": "The Spitter is a stream near Tambach-Dietharz in the Thuringian Forest in Germany. It flows through the Spitter Valley and has the highest waterfall in Thuringia. The course of the Spitter crosses the Rennsteig in the area of the Ebertswiese nature reserve and is the only stream along the route of the Rennsteig.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Crocodile (short story)", "paragraph_text": "\"The Crocodile\" (, \"Krokodil\") is a short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky that was first published in 1865 in his magazine \"Epoch.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 107263, "question": "Which was the country for Krokodil?", "answer": "Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 20366, "question": "What did the Thuringian miners do to help #1 ?", "answer": "uranium mining was also important to cover the Soviet Union's need for this metal", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On May 6, 1957, Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "BRICS", "paragraph_text": "In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of that year. South Africa officially became a member nation on 24 December 2010, after being formally invited by China to join and subsequently accepted by other BRIC countries. The group was renamed BRICS – with the \"S\" standing for South Africa – to reflect the group's expanded membership. In April 2011, the President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, attended the 2011 BRICS summit in Sanya, China, as a full member.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Kingdom of Butua", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Butua or Butwa (c. 1450 - 1683) was a pre-colonial African state located in what is now southwestern Zimbabwe. Butua was renowned as the source of gold for Arab and Portuguese traders. The region was first mentioned in Portuguese records in 1512.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia. In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index. In 2013, it was 19th. In 2014 it ranked 22nd", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On 6 March 1957, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Nelson Mandela", "paragraph_text": "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (/ mænˈdɛlə /; 18 July 1918 -- 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Belarus", "paragraph_text": "The name \"Rus\" is often conflated with its Latin forms \"Russia\" and \"Ruthenia\", thus Belarus is often referred to as \"White Russia\" or \"White Ruthenia\". The name first appeared in German and Latin medieval literature; the chronicles of Jan of Czarnków mention the imprisonment of Lithuanian grand duke Jogaila and his mother at \"\" in 1381. In some languages, including German, Afrikaans and Dutch, the country is generally called \"White Russia\" to this day (' and ' respectively).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Krásna Hôrka Castle", "paragraph_text": "The Krásna Hôrka Castle (, ) is a castle in Slovakia, built on a hilltop overlooking the village of Krásnohorské Podhradie near Rožňava, in Košice Region. The first recorded mention of the castle was in 1333. In 1961 Krásna Hôrka was designated a National Cultural Monument of the Slovak Republic. It was said to be one of the country's best-preserved", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Hereditary spastic paraplegia", "paragraph_text": "The disease was first mentioned in 1876 by Adolph Seeligmüller, a German neurologist, who described a family of four affected children with spasticity. Further cases were described in 1883 by Adolph Strümpell, a German neurologist. Those cases were described more extensively in 1888 by Maurice Lorrain, a French physician. Due to their contribution in describing the disease, it is still named Strümpell-Lorrain disease in French speaking countries. The term \"hereditary spastic paraplegia\" was coined by Anita Harding in 1983.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Caine Prize", "paragraph_text": "The Caine Prize for African Writing is an annual literary award for the best original short story by an African writer, whether in Africa or elsewhere, published in the English language. The £10,000 prize was founded in the United Kingdom in 2000, and was named in memory of Sir Michael Harris Caine, former Chairman of Booker Group plc. Because of the Caine Prize's connection to the Booker Prize, the award is sometimes called the \"African Booker\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Paul Roos (rugby player)", "paragraph_text": "Paul Johannes Roos (30 October 1880 – 22 September 1948) (also known as \"Oom Polla\" – Afrikaans for \"Uncle Polla\", \"Polla\" being a pet name for \"Paul\") was one of the first South African Springbok rugby union captains and led the first South African rugby team to tour overseas – to Britain in 1906. Roos was born near the South African town of Stellenbosch on 30 October 1880 and completed his education there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Nebaioth", "paragraph_text": "Nebaioth (Hebrew נְבָיוֹת) is mentioned at least five times in the Hebrew Bible according to which he was the firstborn son of Ishmael, and the name appears as the name of one of the wilderness tribes mentioned in the Book of Genesis 25:13, and in the Book of Isaiah 60:7.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them", "paragraph_text": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2001 book written by British author J.K. Rowling (under the pen name of the fictitious author Newt Scamander) about the magical creatures in the Harry Potter universe. The original version purports to be Harry Potter's copy of the textbook of the same name mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (or Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the US), the first novel of the Harry Potter series. It includes several notes inside it supposedly handwritten by Harry, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger, detailing their own experiences with some of the beasts described, and including in - jokes relating to the original series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Annurca", "paragraph_text": "'Annurca', pronounced in Italy , also called 'Anurka', is a historically old cultivar of domesticated apple native to Southern Italy, It is believed to be the one mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his \"Naturalis Historia\", and in the 16th century by Gian Battista della Porta. However it was first mentioned by this name by Giuseppe Antonio Pasquale.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898. Radio was introduced in 1969, TV in 1981. During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority. The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat. During South African rule, the white bias continued, with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the \"South West African\" media system. Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order, critical journalists threatened.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Paramun", "paragraph_text": "Paramun () is a village in Tran Municipality, Pernik Province. It is located in western Bulgaria, 66 km from the capital city of Sofia and 14 km from the town of Tran, near the Serbian border. The toponym is of Byzantine Greek origin, from the loanword \"paramun\" meaning \"guard, watch, sentry\". It was rendered as παραμονή in Greek and was retained in medieval Serbian as . The name was first mentioned in 1451 and 1453.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Gabon Airlines", "paragraph_text": "Gabon Airlines is the name of two incarnations of Gabonese airline, headquartered in Libreville. The first incarnation of Gabon Airlines which was operated from 2007 to 2012, concentrating on African and European flight services out of Libreville International Airport. In April 2015, the second incarnation of Gabon Airlines is due to redeveloped as a flag carrier, replacing the original Air Gabon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Bebe Cool", "paragraph_text": "Bebe Cool (born 1 September 1977) (real name Moses Ssali) is a top African reggae and ragga musician from Uganda. He started his career around 1997 in Nairobi, Kenya, but a few years later he moved back to his native country. Bebe Cool was one of the first artists affiliated with Ogopa DJs, a production house and record label in Kenya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "South Africa", "paragraph_text": "The name ``South Africa ''is derived from the country's geographic location at the southern tip of Africa. Upon formation the country was named the Union of South Africa in English, reflecting its origin from the unification of four formerly separate British colonies. Since 1961 the long form name in English has been the`` Republic of South Africa''. In Dutch the country was named Republiek van Zuid - Afrika, replaced in 1983 by the Afrikaans Republiek van Suid - Afrika. Since 1994 the Republic has had an official name in each of its 11 official languages.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cape of Good Hope", "paragraph_text": "When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1488 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (although Herodotus mentioned a claim that the Phoenicians had done so far earlier). Dias called the cape Cabo das Tormentas (``Cape of Storms ''; Dutch: Stormkaap), which was the original name of the`` Cape of Good Hope''.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159025, "question": "What African country is mentioned first?", "answer": "South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 87981, "question": "what is the original name of #1", "answer": "Union of South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "Nanjing Library, founded in 1907, houses more than 10 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the National Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library. Other libraries, such as city-owned Jinling Library and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. Nanjing University Library is the second largest university libraries in China after Peking University Library, and the fifth largest nationwide, especially in the number of precious collections.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Shanghai Library", "paragraph_text": "The Shanghai Library (), which also houses the Shanghai Institute of Scientific and Technological Information (), is the municipal library of Shanghai, China. It is the second largest library in China after the National Library in Beijing. At 24 stories and 348 feet (106 m) tall, it is the second tallest library in the world, as well as one of the largest. The building has a tower that looks like a giant lighthouse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "University of Notre Dame", "paragraph_text": "The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry & Physics, Engineering, Law, and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall. A theology library was also opened in fall of 2015. Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Grace Keiser Maring Library", "paragraph_text": "The Grace Keiser Maring Library is located on the south side of Muncie, Indiana, USA. Built at 1808 South Madision Street, the library is next to Heekin Park, the largest and oldest community park in Muncie. The library was the first branch library built in the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Tōyō Bunko", "paragraph_text": "The , or \"Oriental Library\", is Japan's largest Asian studies library and one of the world's five largest, located in Tokyo. It also functions as a research institute dedicated to the study of Asian history and culture. It has greatly contributed to the development of Asian Studies through the acquisition of books and other source materials as well as the publication of research by Japanese scholars. Presently, the library contains approximately 950,000 volumes which are cataloged linguistically according to Asian, Western and Japanese language materials.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Kathmandu", "paragraph_text": "The National Library of Nepal is located in Patan. It is the largest library in the country with more than 70,000 books. English, Nepali, Sanskrit, Hindi, and Nepal Bhasa books are found here. The library is in possession of rare scholarly books in Sanskrit and English dating from the 17th century AD. Kathmandu also contains the Kaiser Library, located in the Kaiser Mahal on the ground floor of the Ministry of Education building. This collection of around 45,000 books is derived from a personal collection of Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. It covers a wide range of subjects including history, law, art, religion, and philosophy, as well as a Sanskrit manual of Tantra, which is believed to be over 1,000 years old. The 2015 earthquake caused severe damage to the Ministry of Education building, and the contents of the Kaiser Library have been temporarily relocated.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Vancouver Community Library", "paragraph_text": "The Vancouver Community Library is a library in Vancouver, Washington, in the United States. Part of the Fort Vancouver Regional Library District, the 83,000-square-foot library is the second largest in the Portland metropolitan area, second to the Central Library in Portland, Oregon. The library's grand opening was held on July 17, 2011. It is a LEED Gold Certified building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Five laws of library science", "paragraph_text": "The Five laws of library science is a theory proposed by S.R. Ranganathan in 1931, detailing the principles of operating a library system. Many librarians worldwide accept them as the foundations of their philosophy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Branford Price Millar Library", "paragraph_text": "The Branford Price Millar Library is the library of Portland State University (PSU) in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1968, the academic library was doubled in size in 1991 and houses over 1 million volumes. The five-story building is located on the school's campus on the South Park Blocks in Downtown Portland and is the largest academic library in the Portland area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "The British Architectural Library, sometimes referred to as the RIBA Library, was established in 1834 upon the founding of the institute with donations from members. Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe. Some items from the collections are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in the V&A + RIBA Architecture Gallery and included in temporary exhibitions at the RIBA and across Europe and North America. Its collections include:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Libya", "paragraph_text": "Libya (; ; ), officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Upper Peninsula of Michigan", "paragraph_text": "The people of Michigan approved a constitution in May 1835 and elected state officials in late autumn 1835. Although the state government was not yet recognized by the United States Congress, the territorial government effectively ceased to exist. A constitutional convention of the state legislature refused a compromise to accept the full Upper Peninsula in exchange for ceding the Toledo Strip to Ohio. A second convention, hastily convened by Governor Stevens Thomson Mason, consisting primarily of Mason supporters, agreed in December 1836 to accept the U.P. in exchange for the Toledo Strip.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's second largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Association for Library Service to Children", "paragraph_text": "The Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) is a division of the American Library Association, and it is the world's largest organization dedicated to library service to children. Its members are concerned with creating a better future for children through libraries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "National Library of Poland", "paragraph_text": "Today the collections of the National Library are one of the largest in the country. Among 7,900,000 volumes (2004) held in the library are 160,000 objects printed before 1801, over 26,000 manuscripts (including 6,887 music manuscripts), over 114,000 music prints and 400,000 drawings. The library collections also include photographs and other iconographic documents, more than 101,000 atlases and maps, over 2,000,000 ephemera, as well as over 2,000,000 books and about 800,000 copies of journals from 19th to 21st centuries. Notable items in the collection include 151 leaves of the Codex Suprasliensis, which was inscribed in UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2007 in recognition for its supranational and supraregional significance.In 2012 the library signed an agreement to add 1.3 million Polish library records to WorldCat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Harvard University", "paragraph_text": "The Harvard University Library System is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprises nearly 80 individual libraries holding over 18 million volumes. According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the United States, and one of the largest in the world. Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates to use, with easy access and central locations. There are rare books, manuscripts and other special collections throughout Harvard's libraries; Houghton Library, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard-Yenching Library.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "University of Colombo library", "paragraph_text": "University of Colombo library is a centrally administered network of libraries in University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is home to one of the largest and oldest collections in Sri Lanka, with its roots dating back to 1870 with the establishment of the library of the Ceylon Medical College.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Islam by country", "paragraph_text": "The country with the single largest population of Muslims is Indonesia in Southeast Asia, which on its own hosts 13% of the world's Muslims. Together, the Muslims in the countries of the Malay Archipelago (which includes Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and East Timor) constitute the world's second or third largest population of Muslims. Here Muslims are majorities in each country other than Singapore, the Philippines, and East Timor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Northwestern University", "paragraph_text": "The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the present main library, University Library and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and the library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary. The University Library contains over 4.9 million volumes, 4.6 million microforms, and almost 99,000 periodicals making it (by volume) the 30th-largest university library in North America and the 10th-largest library among private universities. Notable collections in the library system include the Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, the largest Africana collection in the world, an extensive collection of early edition printed music and manuscripts as well as late-modern works, and an art collection noted for its 19th and 20th-century Western art and architecture periodicals. The library system participates with 15 other universities in digitizing its collections as a part of the Google Book Search project. The Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art is a major art museum in Chicago, containing more than 4,000 works in its permanent collection as well as dedicating a third of its space to temporary and traveling exhibitions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Economy of Texas", "paragraph_text": "As a sovereign country (2016), Texas would be the 10th largest economy in the world by GDP (ahead of South Korea and Canada). Texas's household income was $48,259 in 2010 ranking 25th in the nation. The state debt in 2012 was calculated to be $121.7 billion, or $7,400 per taxpayer. Texas has the second largest population in the country after California.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 11742, "question": "Which country refused to accept?", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 26878, "question": "What is the second largest library in #1 ?", "answer": "Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[ "libraries", "Library", "library" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Gilead, Maine", "paragraph_text": "Gilead is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. Upon incorporation in 1804, it was named for the large quantity of Balm of Gilead trees in the town center. The population was 209 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Institute of technology", "paragraph_text": "EPN is known for research and education in the applied science, astronomy, atmospheric physics, engineering and physical sciences. The Geophysics Institute monitors over the country`s seismic, tectonic and volcanic activity in the continental territory and in the Galápagos Islands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Nikšić", "paragraph_text": "Nikšić (Serbian Cyrillic: Никшић, ) is the second largest city of Montenegro, with a total population of 56,970 located in the west of the country, in the centre of the spacious Nikšić field at the foot of Trebjesa Hill. It is the center of Nikšić Municipality with population of 72,443 according to 2011 census, which is the largest municipality by area and second most inhabited after Podgorica. It was also largest municipality by area in former Yugoslavia. It is an important industrial, cultural, and educational center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Rostov", "paragraph_text": "Rostov () is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero, northeast of Moscow. Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kannauj", "paragraph_text": "Kannauj city Nickname (s): Perfume Capital of India; Grasse of the East Kannauj Kannauj Show map of India Show map of Uttar Pradesh Show all Coordinates: 27 ° 04 ′ N 79 ° 55 ′ E  /  27.07 ° N 79.92 ° E  / 27.07; 79.92 Coordinates: 27 ° 04 ′ N 79 ° 55 ′ E  /  27.07 ° N 79.92 ° E  / 27.07; 79.92 Country India State Uttar Pradesh District Kannauj Elevation 139 m (456 ft) Population (2001) Total 1,656,616 Languages Official Hindi / Urdu Time zone IST (UTC + 5: 30) Vehicle registration UP - 74 Website www.kannauj.nic.in", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Iron Curtain", "paragraph_text": "Churchill's first recorded use of the term ``iron curtain ''came in a 12 May 1945 telegram he sent to U.S. President Harry S. Truman regarding his concern about Soviet actions, stating`` (a) n iron curtain is drawn down upon their front. We do not know what is going on behind''. He was further concerned about ``another immense flight of the German population westward as this enormous Muscovite advance towards the centre of Europe ''. Churchill concluded`` then the curtain will descend again to a very large extent, if not entirely. Thus a broad land of many hundreds of miles of Russian - occupied territory will isolate us from Poland''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Mount Newton", "paragraph_text": "Mount Newton () is a large humped mountain with a boulder strewn surface and conical peak near the center, standing between flow of Collins and Mellor Glaciers in the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica. Mapped by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) from air photos taken in 1956. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for Dr. Geoff Newton, medical officer at Mawson Station, 1960.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Woodstock, New Brunswick", "paragraph_text": "Woodstock Town On the Saint John River Logo Nickname (s): Service center of the valley Motto (s): New Brunswick's First Town Location of Woodstock in New Brunswick Coordinates: 46 ° 09 ′ 42 ''N 67 ° 35 ′ 11'' W  /  46.16176 ° N 67.58647 ° W  / 46.16176; - 67.58647 Country Canada Province New Brunswick County Carleton County Parish Woodstock Parish Incorporated May 1, 1856 Government Type Council -- manager government Mayor Arthur L. Slipp Councillors Amy Anderson, Catherine L. Sutherland, Randy Leonard, Bill Hogan, Theresa E. Blackburn, Jeff G Bradbury Chief Administrative Officer John Pinsent Area Total 13.41 km (5.18 sq mi) Elevation 36 to 85 m (118 to 279 ft) Population (2016) Total 5,228 Density 391.7 / km (1,014 / sq mi) Change 2006 - 11 2.8% Time zone AST (UTC - 4) Summer (DST) ADT (UTC - 3) Canadian Postal code E 7M Area code (s) 506 Telephone Exchange (s) 328, 325, 324, 612, 594 NTS Map 021J04 GNBC Code DAWNW Website http://town.woodstock.nb.ca", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Lomonosov (Martian crater)", "paragraph_text": "Lomonosov is a crater on Mars, with a diameter close to 150 km. It is located in the Martian northern plains. Since it is large and found close (64.9° north) to the boundary between the Mare Acidalium quadrangle and the Mare Boreum quadrangle, it is found on both maps. The topography is smooth and young in this area, hence Lomonosov is easy to spot on large maps of Mars.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Srinivasapuram", "paragraph_text": "Srinivasapuram is a slum located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is centered between Santhome and Adyar, along the shore of the sea. It has a large population of fishermen. The slum was seriously affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Guildhall, Vermont", "paragraph_text": "Guildhall is a town in and the shire town (county seat) of Essex County, Vermont, United States. The population was 261 at the 2010 census. According to a large sign in the town center, it is the only town in the world so named. The name derives from a meeting house on the square called the Guildhall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Internet in the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "Internet in the Philippines first became available on March 29, 1994, with the Philippine Network Foundation (PHNet) connecting the country and its people to Sprint in the United States via a 64 kbit / s link. As of 2016, more than 44,000,000 people used the internet in the country, accounting for 43.5% of the total population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Clayton Township, Mower County, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Clayton Township (formerly Providence Township) is a township in Mower County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 178 at the 2000 census. All areas and population centers in the township are unincorporated areas. It was organized in June 1873 and was named for William Z. Clayton who owned a large tract of land there at the time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Slavs", "paragraph_text": "Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in Romania.[better source needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Map and the Territory", "paragraph_text": "\"The Map and the Territory\" is Michel Houellebecq's fifth novel. It was published five years after his prior novel, \"The Possibility of an Island\". \"The Map and the Territory\" was among the most eagerly awaited and discussed novels of the 2010 literary season in France. The first printing was for copies, as announced by the publisher. An English translation by Gavin Bowd was published in January 2012.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Doha", "paragraph_text": "Doha (Arabic: الدوحة ‎ ‎, ad - Dawḥa or ad - Dōḥa, pronounced (addawħa), literally in MSA: ``the big tree '', locally:`` rounded bays'') is the capital city and most populous city of the State of Qatar. Doha has a population of 1,351,000 in a city proper with the population close to 1.5 million. The city is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf in the east of the country. It is Qatar's fastest growing city, with over 50% of the nation's population living in Doha or its surrounding suburbs, and it is also the economic center of the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Badamlı", "paragraph_text": "Badamlı (also, Badamly) is a village and municipality in the Shahbuz District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 14 km in the west from the district center. Its population is busy with gardening and animal husbandry. There are secondary school, culture house, library and hospital in the village. It has a population of 1,101. There were the ram stone sculptures of the Middle Ages in the cemetery of its territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Liberty, New York", "paragraph_text": "Liberty is a town in Sullivan County, New York, United States. The population was 9,885 at the 2010 census. Like nearby Monticello the town center is largely derelict.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106008, "question": "Which was the country for The Map and the Territory?", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 40458, "question": "Where was #1 's Huguenot population largely centered?", "answer": "the southern and central parts of France", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[ "France", "fr", "FRA", "FR" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Cavaliers–Warriors rivalry", "paragraph_text": "The Cavaliers -- Warriors rivalry is a National Basketball Association (NBA) rivalry between the Cleveland Cavaliers and the Golden State Warriors. While the two teams have played each other since the Cavaliers joined the league in 1970, their rivalry began to develop in the 2014 -- 15 season, when they met in the first of four consecutive NBA Finals series. Prior to the streak beginning, no pair of teams had faced each other in more than two consecutive Finals. Of these four series, the Warriors have won three championships (2015, 2017, and 2018), and the Cavaliers won in 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Anthony Jackson (soldier)", "paragraph_text": "Sir Anthony Jackson (1599–1666) was an English lawyer, soldier, and knight in the seventeenth century. A cavalier during the English Civil War, he was knighted by Charles II, participated in the Battle of Worcester, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London for over a decade.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Cleveland Cavaliers", "paragraph_text": "Cleveland Cavaliers 2018 -- 19 Cleveland Cavaliers season Conference Eastern Division Central Founded 1970 History Cleveland Cavaliers 1970 -- present Arena Quicken Loans Arena Location Cleveland, Ohio Team colors Wine, gold, navy blue, black Main sponsor Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company General manager Koby Altman Head coach Tyronn Lue Ownership Dan Gilbert (majority) Gordon Gund, Usher Raymond (minority) Affiliation (s) Canton Charge Championships 1 (2016) Conference titles 5 (2007, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) Division titles 7 (1976, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) Retired numbers 8 (7, 11, 22, 25, 34, 42, 43, MIC) Website www.nba.com/cavaliers Uniforms Home Away", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Cavaliers–Warriors rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Cavaliers -- Warriors rivalry Cleveland Cavaliers Golden State Warriors First meeting October 17, 1970 Warriors 128, Cavaliers 108 Latest meeting June 8, 2018 Warriors 108, Cavaliers 85 Next meeting N / A Statistics Meetings total 131 meetings All - time series Warriors, 73 -- 59 Regular season series Warriors, 59 -- 52 Postseason results Warriors, 15 -- 7 Longest win streak Cavaliers, 10 (1992 -- 96) Warriors, 7 (2015 -- 16; 2017 -- 18) Current win streak Warriors, 7 Post-season history 2015 NBA Finals: Warriors won, 4 -- 2 2016 NBA Finals: Cavaliers won, 4 -- 3 2017 NBA Finals: Warriors won, 4 -- 1 2018 NBA Finals: Warriors won, 4 -- 0", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Cleveland Cavaliers", "paragraph_text": "Cleveland Cavaliers 2018 -- 19 Cleveland Cavaliers season Conference Eastern Division Central Founded 1970 History Cleveland Cavaliers 1970 -- present Arena Quicken Loans Arena Location Cleveland, Ohio Team colors Wine, gold, navy blue, black Main sponsor Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company General manager Koby Altman Head coach Tyronn Lue Ownership Dan Gilbert (majority) Gordon Gund, Usher Raymond (minority) Affiliation (s) Canton Charge Championships 1 (2016) Conference titles 5 (2007, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) Division titles 7 (1976, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) Retired numbers 8 (7, 11, 22, 25, 34, 42, 43, Microphone) Website www.nba.com/cavaliers Uniforms Home Away", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "English Springer Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "The English Springer Spaniel is a breed of gun dog in the Spaniel family traditionally used for flushing and retrieving game. It is an affectionate, excitable breed with a typical lifespan of twelve to fourteen years. They are very similar to the Welsh Springer Spaniel and are descended from the Norfolk or Shropshire Spaniels of the mid-19th century; the breed has diverged into separate show and working lines. The breed suffers from average health complaints. The show - bred version of the breed has been linked to ``rage syndrome '', although the disorder is very rare. It is closely related to the Welsh Springer Spaniel and very closely to the English Cocker Spaniel; less than a century ago, springers and cockers would come from the same litter. The smaller`` cockers'' hunted woodcock while the larger littermates were used to flush, or ``spring '', game. In 1902, The Kennel Club recognized the English Springer Spaniel as a distinct breed. They are used as sniffer dogs on a widespread basis. The term Springer comes from the historic hunting role, where the dog would flush (spring) birds into the air.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur", "paragraph_text": "The Jantar Mantar monument in Jaipur, Rajasthan is a collection of nineteen architectural astronomical instruments built by the Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh II, and completed in 1734. It features the world's largest stone sundial, and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is located near City Palace and Hawa Mahal. The instruments allow the observation of astronomical positions with the naked eye. The monument expresses architectural innovations, as well as the coming together of ideas from different religious and social beliefs in 18th - century India. The observatory is an example of the Ptolemaic positional astronomy which was shared by many civilizations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Queen Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Victoria later described her childhood as \"rather melancholy\". Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called \"Kensington System\", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover. The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them. The Duchess avoided the court because she was scandalised by the presence of King William's bastard children, and perhaps prompted the emergence of Victorian morality by insisting that her daughter avoid any appearance of sexual impropriety. Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles spaniel, Dash. Her lessons included French, German, Italian, and Latin, but she spoke only English at home.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in King County, Washington", "paragraph_text": "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in King County, Washington, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Charles R. Weatherhogg", "paragraph_text": "Charles R. Weatherhogg (1872 - 1937) was an American architect from Fort Wayne, Indiana. He was born in Donington, England and attended the Art Institute of Lincoln in Lincolnshire. He worked for an architect in Lincolnshire before coming to the United States to see the 1893 World's Fair, lived in Chicago for a year, and settled in Fort Wayne in 1892.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador", "paragraph_text": "The earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of his voyage to North America; this was the first known letter sent from North America. St. Jehan is shown on Nicholas Desliens' world map of 1541 and San Joham is found in João Freire's Atlas of 1546. It was during this time that Water Street was first developed, making it the oldest street in North America.[dubious – discuss]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Rick Roberson", "paragraph_text": "Rick Roberson (born July 7, 1947) is a retired professional basketball player who played in the NBA for the Los Angeles Lakers (1969–71), Cleveland Cavaliers (1971–73), Portland Trail Blazers (1973–74), New Orleans Jazz (1974–75) and Kansas City Kings (1975–76).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Cavalier King Charles Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small spaniel classed as a toy dog by The Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club. It originated in the United Kingdom and is one of the more popular breeds in many countries. Since 2000, it has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 18th most popular pure - breed in the United States (2013 Registration Statistics). It has a silky, smooth coat and commonly a smooth undocked tail. The breed standard recognizes four colours: Blenheim (chestnut and white), Tricolor (black / white / tan), Black and Tan, and Ruby. The breed is generally friendly, affectionate and good with both children and other animals; however, they require a lot of human interaction. Since they are a family dog, it is recommended to not leave them alone for long periods at a time. The expected average lifespan of a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is under ten years.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Cavalier County Museum", "paragraph_text": "Established after 1969 - The Holy Trinity Church at Dresden, Cavalier County, North Dakota, became the cornerstone of the Cavalier County Museum. It now houses local historic artifacts and landmarks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "American Cocker Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "American Cocker Spaniels in UK and USA / Canada surveys had a median lifespan of about 10 to 11 years, which is on the low end of the typical range for purebred dogs, and one to two years less than other breeds of their size. The larger English Cocker Spaniel typically lives about a year longer than the American Cocker Spaniel. In a 2004 UK Kennel Club survey, the most common causes of death were cancer (23%), old age (20%), cardiac (8%), and immune - mediated (8%). In a 2003 USA / Canada Health Survey with a smaller sample size, the leading causes of death were cancer, hepatic disease, and immune - mediated.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Tabula Rogeriana", "paragraph_text": "The Nuzhat al-mushtāq fi'khtirāq al-āfāq (, lit. \"the book of pleasant journeys into faraway lands\"), most often known as the Tabula Rogeriana (lit. \"The Book of Roger\" in Latin), is a description of the world and world map created by the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi in 1154. Al-Idrisi worked on the commentaries and illustrations of the map for fifteen years at the court of the Norman King Roger II of Sicily, who commissioned the work around 1138.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain", "paragraph_text": "Infante Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno Aniello Raimundo Silvestre of Spain (31 December 1755 – 20 April 1817) was a son of King Charles III of Spain and younger brother of King Charles IV of Spain and King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Cleveland Cavaliers", "paragraph_text": "In 2014, James returned to the Cavaliers after four seasons in Miami. While the Heat had a 224 -- 88 record during James' four - year tenure and won NBA titles in 2012 and 2013, the Cavaliers went 97 -- 215 and missed the playoffs each season. The Cavaliers made several moves to build a championship - contender around James, most notably acquiring power forward Kevin Love from the Minnesota Timberwolves, which created what many fans and media referred to a ``Big Three ''with James, Love, and Irving. The Lebron - led Cavaliers made four consecutive finals appearances in from 2015 to 2018, all against the Golden State Warriors, winning in 2016. The 2016 NBA Championship marked the Cavaliers' first title in franchise history, as they became the first team to come back from a 3 -- 1 deficit to win the Finals. It was also Cleveland's first championship in major professional sports since the 1964 Browns, signaling the end of the so - called Cleveland sports curse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) and colloquially Great Britain (GB) or simply Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍ -- ‌the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west, giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union (EU).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Lethent, California", "paragraph_text": "Lethent is a former settlement in Kings County, California. It was located on the Southern Pacific Railroad west of Lemoore, at an elevation of 217 feet (66 m). Lethent still appeared on maps as of 1926.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 51110, "question": "where did the cavalier king charles spaniel come from", "answer": "the United Kingdom", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 52808, "question": "where is #1 located on the world map", "answer": "off the north - western coast of the European mainland", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Barbara Aland", "paragraph_text": "Barbara Aland, née Ehlers (born 12 April 1937 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German theologian and was a Professor of New Testament Research and Church History at Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster until 2002.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Charlotte 49ers", "paragraph_text": "The Charlotte 49ers represent the NCAA Division I sports teams of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. A founding member of Conference USA (C-USA), Charlotte rejoined the conference in 2013 after spending eight years as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. Previously, Charlotte was a charter member of the Sun Belt Conference and was a member of the Metro Conference.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "The Kelley Deal 6000", "paragraph_text": "The Kelley Deal 6000 was an alternative rock band formed in Saint Paul, Minnesota and was active between 1995 and 1997. They were formed by Kelley Deal in 1995, while her main band The Breeders was on hiatus and after she had just completed a stint in rehab. The band released two albums in 1995 and 1997, before Kelley went back to rejoin The Breeders the following year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Danilo Kuzmanović", "paragraph_text": "Born in Belgrade, he previously played for Swedish side Djurgårdens IF and during the winter break of the 2011-12 season he rejoined Serbian SuperLiga side FK Rad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Sebastiano Bedendo", "paragraph_text": "Maggiore Sebastiano Bedendo (18 July 1895-24 August 1935) was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. After completing his education postwar, he rejoined Italian military aviation. He set several world aviation flying records with a Nuvoli N.5 monoplane before dying in an air crash.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "England national football team", "paragraph_text": "To begin with, England had no permanent home stadium. They joined FIFA in 1906 and played their first ever games against countries other than the Home Nations on a tour of Central Europe in 1908. Wembley Stadium was opened in 1923 and became their home ground. The relationship between England and FIFA became strained, and this resulted in their departure from FIFA in 1928, before they rejoined in 1946. As a result, they did not compete in a World Cup until 1950, in which they were beaten in a 1–0 defeat by the United States, failing to get past the first round in one of the most embarrassing defeats in the team's history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Criteria for a Black Widow", "paragraph_text": "Criteria for a Black Widow is the seventh studio album by Canadian heavy metal band Annihilator, released on June 1, 1999 by Roadrunner Records. It is the only album to feature the reunited \"Alice in Hell\"-era line-up (with the exception of bassist Wayne Darley, who declined to rejoin the band, and was replaced by Russ Bergquist).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Out of the Cradle", "paragraph_text": "Out of the Cradle is the third solo album by the American singer/songwriter Lindsey Buckingham. Released in 1992, it was Buckingham's first album after his much-publicised departure from Fleetwood Mac in 1987 (though Buckingham rejoined the band in the mid-1990s). The album reached #128 on the US \"Billboard 200\" album chart, #51 on the UK Albums Chart, and #70 on the Canada Albums Chart. In Canada, three singles charted within the Top 60.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Beni Prasad Verma", "paragraph_text": "Beni Prasad Verma (born 11 February 1941) is an Indian politician and presently a member of the Samajwadi Party. Earlier he was with Samajwadi Party of Mulayam Singh Yadav, then he joined Indian National Congress and was elected on its ticket to Lok Sabha in 2009. In 2016 he rejoined Samajwadi Party.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mimikry", "paragraph_text": "Mimikry is a Swedish punk rock band established by singer Hjalmar \"Hjalle\" Östman and drummer Jonas \"Heavy\" Stentäpp both coming from the Gagnef region west of Sweden. Besides Mimikry with its 8 albums to date, Hjalle and Heavy had an important duo project and had three further albums in their name Hjalle och Heavy, after huge popularity through the television series \"På rymmen\". Heavy was also involved in famous metal band Dökött.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Illinois Route 145", "paragraph_text": "Illinois Route 145 is a north–south state road in southern Illinois. It splits off from U.S. Route 45 near Metropolis (across the Ohio River from Paducah, Kentucky) and runs north, rejoining U.S. 45 in Harrisburg. This is a distance of .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Walter Colquhoun Grant", "paragraph_text": "Walter Colquhoun Grant (27 May 1822 – 27 August 1861) was British Army officer and a pioneer settler in what is today British Columbia. He served briefly as a colonial surveyor but left after a few years to rejoin the army. He died while in the service in Saugor, Bengal, India at 39.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "League of Nations", "paragraph_text": "Åland is a collection of around 6,500 islands in the Baltic Sea, midway between Sweden and Finland. The islands are almost exclusively Swedish-speaking, but in 1809, the Åland Islands, along with Finland, were taken by Imperial Russia. In December 1917, during the turmoil of the Russian October Revolution, Finland declared its independence, but most of the Ålanders wished to rejoin Sweden. The Finnish government considered the islands to be a part of their new nation, as the Russians had included Åland in the Grand Duchy of Finland, formed in 1809. By 1920, the dispute had escalated to the point that there was danger of war. The British government referred the problem to the League's Council, but Finland would not let the League intervene, as they considered it an internal matter. The League created a small panel to decide if it should investigate the matter and, with an affirmative response, a neutral commission was created. In June 1921, the League announced its decision: the islands were to remain a part of Finland, but with guaranteed protection of the islanders, including demilitarisation. With Sweden's reluctant agreement, this became the first European international agreement concluded directly through the League.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Town Line, New York", "paragraph_text": "Town Line is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 2,367 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community is located on the boundary between the towns of Lancaster and Alden. Town Line is notable for having held a nonbinding vote to secede from the United States in 1861, and for having held a ceremonial vote to rejoin the United States in 1946.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Mowgli", "paragraph_text": "Finally, Mowgli stumbles across the village where his adopted human mother (Messua), is now living, which forces him to come to terms with his humanity and decide whether to rejoin his fellow humans in ``The Spring Running ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR", "paragraph_text": "The Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR (DFV) was from 1958 the football association of the (East) German Democratic Republic, fielding the East Germany national football team until 1990 before rejoining its counterpart, the German Football Association (DFB), which had been founded in 1900.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Freemasonry", "paragraph_text": "Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882, then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge. Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body, she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual. Annie Besant spread the phenomenon to the English speaking world. Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England, which spread to other countries. Meanwhile, the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901, only to cast it aside again in 1935. The lodges, however, continued to meet, which gave rise, in 1959, to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Maly Volkhovets River", "paragraph_text": "The Maly Volkhovets () is a right (eastern) armlet of the Volkhov River in Novgorodsky District of Novgorod Oblast in Russia. It splits from the Volkhov below its outflow from the Lake Ilmen, bypasses the city of Veliky Novgorod (so that the eastern part of the city is situated on an island), and rejoins the Volkhov north of the Khutyn Monastery. It is long. The Vishera River, one of the Volkhov's principal tributaries, is a tributary of the Maly Volkhovets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Guns N' Roses", "paragraph_text": "On December 29, 2015, several days after a Guns N 'Roses related teaser was released to movie theaters, Billboard reported that Slash was set to rejoin the band and a ``reunited ''lineup will headline Coachella 2016. Rose was set to appear on Jimmy Kimmel Live! the following week to talk about the future of the band, but his appearance was cancelled due to`` unforeseen circumstances''. Guns N' Roses was officially announced as the headliner of Coachella on January 4, 2016, with KROQ reporting Slash and Duff McKagan are rejoining the band. The Coachella festival confirmed via press release that McKagan and Slash were rejoining. The band's first scheduled concerts with Slash and McKagan took place at the newly opened T - Mobile Arena on April 8 and 9, 2016. On March 25, 2016, the band announced 21 cities as part of a North American tour, dubbed the Not in This Lifetime... Tour. Additional legs of the tour were added for Latin America, Asia and Oceania through 2017. Later on, a second North American Leg was added for 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "N83 road (Ireland)", "paragraph_text": "The N83 road is a national secondary road in Ireland that runs (north to south) from its junction with the N17 just south of Ireland West Airport Knock in County Mayo to a point just north of Tuam, County Galway where it rejoins the N17. On 27 September 2017, the old N17 from the Kilmore Roundabout in Tuam to the junction with the N6 in Galway city was redesignated as the N83.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 107288, "question": "Which was the country for Mimikry?", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 159613, "question": "When did Alanders rejoin #1 ?", "answer": "December 1917", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Dhruva reactor", "paragraph_text": "The Dhruva reactor is India's largest nuclear research reactor. Located in the Mumbai (Bombay) suburb of Trombay at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), it is India's primary generator of weapons-grade plutonium-bearing spent fuel for its nuclear weapons program. Originally named the R-5, this pool-type reactor first went critical on 8 August 1985 after 10 years of construction. However, the unit did not attain full power until 1988. The reactor experienced at least one serious accident when 4MT (four metric tons) of heavy water overflowed from the reactor core in 1985 following vibration problems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Capital punishment in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Within the context of the overall murder rate, the death penalty cannot be said to be widely or routinely used in the United States; in recent years the average has been about one execution for about every 700 murders committed, or 1 execution for about every 325 murder convictions. However, 32 of the 50 states still execute people. Among them, Alabama has the highest per capita rate of death sentences. This is due to judges overriding life imprisonment sentences and imposing the death penalty. No other states allow this.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Wendelstein 7-X", "paragraph_text": "The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) reactor is an experimental stellarator built in Greifswald, Germany, by the Max Planck Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP), and completed in October 2015. Its purpose is to advance stellarator technology (first conceived by Lyman Spitzer) and though this experimental reactor will not produce electricity, it is used to evaluate the main components of a future fusion power plant; it was developed based on the predecessor Wendelstein 7-AS experimental reactor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Capital punishment in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988, the method of execution is lethal injection. The Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana is currently the home of the only death chamber for federal death penalty recipients in the United States, where inmates are put to death by lethal injection. The complex has so far been the only location used for federal executions post-Gregg. Timothy McVeigh and Juan Garza were put to death in June 2001, and Louis Jones, Jr. was put to death on March 18, 2003.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "List of people executed in Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Executed person Date of execution Method Murder victim (s) Under Governor Robert Glen Coe 19 April 2000 lethal injection Cary Ann Medlin Don Sundquist Sedley Alley 28 June 2006 U.S. Marine Corps Lance Corporal Suzanne Marie Collins Phil Bredesen Philip Workman 9 May 2007 Memphis Police Lieutenant Ronald Oliver Daryl Holton 12 September 2007 electrocution Stephen Holton, Brent Holton, Eric Holton, Kayla Holton Steve Henley 4 February 2009 lethal injection Fred and Edna Stafford 6 Cecil Johnson 2 December 2009 Bobby Bell Jr., James Moore, Charles House", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Uranium", "paragraph_text": "The X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, formerly known as the Clinton Pile and X-10 Pile, was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor (after Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile) and was the first reactor designed and built for continuous operation. Argonne National Laboratory's Experimental Breeder Reactor I, located at the Atomic Energy Commission's National Reactor Testing Station near Arco, Idaho, became the first nuclear reactor to create electricity on 20 December 1951. Initially, four 150-watt light bulbs were lit by the reactor, but improvements eventually enabled it to power the whole facility (later, the town of Arco became the first in the world to have all its electricity come from nuclear power generated by BORAX-III, another reactor designed and operated by Argonne National Laboratory). The world's first commercial scale nuclear power station, Obninsk in the Soviet Union, began generation with its reactor AM-1 on 27 June 1954. Other early nuclear power plants were Calder Hall in England, which began generation on 17 October 1956, and the Shippingport Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania, which began on 26 May 1958. Nuclear power was used for the first time for propulsion by a submarine, the USS Nautilus, in 1954.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment in Canada dates back to Canada's earliest history, including its period as a French colony and, after 1763, its time as a British colony. From 1867 to the elimination of the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976, 1,481 people had been sentenced to death, and 710 had been executed. Of those executed, 697 were men and 13 were women. The only method used in Canada for capital punishment of civilians after the end of the French regime was hanging. The last execution in Canada was the double hanging of Arthur Lucas and Ronald Turpin on December 11, 1962, at Toronto's Don Jail.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Capital punishment in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Four states in the modern era, Nebraska in 2008, New York and Kansas in 2004, and Massachusetts in 1984, had their statutes ruled unconstitutional by state courts. The death rows of New York and Massachusetts were disestablished, and attempts to restore the death penalty were unsuccessful. Kansas successfully appealed State v. Kleypas, the Kansas Supreme Court decision that declared the state's death penalty statute unconstitutional, to the United States Supreme Court. Nebraska's death penalty statute was rendered ineffective on February 8, 2008 when the required method, electrocution, was ruled unconstitutional by the Nebraska Supreme Court. In 2009, Nebraska enacted a bill that changed its method of execution to lethal injection.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Capital punishment in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment was suspended in the United States from 1972 through 1976 primarily as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Furman v. Georgia. The last pre-Furman execution was that of Luis Monge on June 2, 1967. In this case, the court found that the death penalty was being imposed in an unconstitutional manner, on the grounds of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Supreme Court has never ruled the death penalty to be per se unconstitutional.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Leo Echegaray", "paragraph_text": "Leo Echegaray (11 July 1960 – 5 February 1999) was the first Filipino to be meted the death penalty after its reinstatement in the Philippines in 1993, some 23 years after the last judicial execution was carried out. His death sparked national debate over the legality and morality of the death penalty, which was later suspended on 15 April 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Capital punishment in the United States", "paragraph_text": "In 1977, the Supreme Court's Coker v. Georgia decision barred the death penalty for rape of an adult woman, and implied that the death penalty was inappropriate for any offense against another person other than murder. Prior to the decision, the death penalty for rape of an adult had been gradually phased out in the United States, and at the time of the decision, the State of Georgia and the U.S. Federal government were the only two jurisdictions to still retain the death penalty for that offense. However, three states maintained the death penalty for child rape, as the Coker decision only imposed a ban on executions for the rape of an adult woman. In 2008, the Kennedy v. Louisiana decision barred the death penalty for child rape. The result of these two decisions means that the death penalty in the United States is largely restricted to cases where the defendant took the life of another human being. The current federal kidnapping statute, however, may be exempt because the death penalty applies if the victim dies in the perpetrator's custody, not necessarily by his hand, thus stipulating a resulting death, which was the wording of the objection. In addition, the Federal government retains the death penalty for non-murder offenses that are considered crimes against the state, including treason, espionage, and crimes under military jurisdiction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "United States Attorney General", "paragraph_text": "The United States Attorney General (A.G.) is the head of the United States Department of Justice per 28 U.S.C. § 503, concerned with legal affairs, and is the chief lawyer of the United States government. Also in cases of the federal death penalty, the power to seek the death penalty rests with the Attorney General.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "List of United States Naval reactors", "paragraph_text": "List of United States Naval reactors is a comprehensive annotated list of all naval reactors designed, built, or used by the United States Navy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Capital punishment in Texas", "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court decision in Gregg v. Georgia in 1976 once again allowed for the death penalty to be imposed. (A Texas case was a companion case in the Gregg decision and was upheld by the Court; the Court stated that Texas' death penalty scheme could potentially result in fewer death penalty cases, an irony given that post-Gregg Texas has by far executed more inmates than any other state.) However, the first execution in Texas after this decision would not take place until December 7, 1982 with that of Charles Brooks, Jr... Brooks was also the first person to be judicially executed by lethal injection in the world, and the first African American to be executed in the United States since 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Capital punishment in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty; it was last used in 1957. Oregon abolished the death penalty through an overwhelming majority in a 1964 public referendum but reinstated it in a 1984 joint death penalty/life imprisonment referendum by an even higher margin after a similar 1978 referendum succeeded but was not implemented due to judicial rulings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Canadian football", "paragraph_text": "During the last three minutes of a half, the penalty for failure to place the ball in play within the 20-second play clock, known as \"time count\" (this foul is known as \"delay of game\" in American football), is dramatically different from during the first 27 minutes. Instead of the penalty being 5 yards with the down repeated, the base penalty (except during convert attempts) becomes loss of down on first or second down, and 10 yards on third down with the down repeated. In addition, as noted previously, the referee can give possession to the defence for repeated deliberate time count violations on third down.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "SM-1", "paragraph_text": "Plans to decommission the SM-1 reactor were announced in June 1972, and the reactor was shut down for the last time on 16 March 1973: four members of the first group of operators trained in 1957 participated in the shutdown ceremony. According to a 1998 US Army report on the Army Reactor Program, during its 16 years of operations the facility trained some 800 nuclear operations specialists. During its operational life, the SM-1 reactor had its core replaced twice. According to a January 2001 report compiled by the Department of Energy, the total amount of uranium-235 supplied for the SM-1's three cores was 72.7 kilograms: the U-235 was enriched to 93 percent. The spent fuel from the first core was sent to the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (the INEEL, originally known as the Idaho National Reactor Testing Station) and the fuel from the SM-1's second and third cores was sent to the Savannah River Site.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Capital punishment in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment in the United Kingdom was used from ancient times until the second half of the 20th century. The last executions in the United Kingdom were by hanging, and took place in 1964, prior to capital punishment being abolished for murder (in 1965 in Great Britain and in 1973 in Northern Ireland). Although unused, the death penalty remained a legally defined punishment for certain offences such as treason until it was completely abolished in 1998. In 2004 the 13th Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights became binding on the United Kingdom, prohibiting the restoration of the death penalty for as long as the UK is a party to the Convention.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nuclear fuel", "paragraph_text": "TRISO fuel particles were originally developed in the United Kingdom as part of the Dragon reactor project. The inclusion of the SiC as diffusion barrier was first suggested by D. T. Livey. The first nuclear reactor to use TRISO fuels was the Dragon reactor and the first powerplant was the THTR-300. Currently, TRISO fuel compacts are being used in the experimental reactors, the HTR-10 in China, and the High-temperature engineering test reactor in Japan. Spherical fuel elements utilizing a TRISO particle with a UO2 and UC solid solution kernel are being used in the Xe-100 in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Capital punishment in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 15118, "question": "In what state is the X-10 Graphite Reactor located?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 65254, "question": "when was the last time #1 used the death penalty", "answer": "2 December 2009", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sales taxes in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Since January 2017, 5 states (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire and Oregon) do not levy a statewide sales tax, while California has the highest state sales tax with a base rate of 7.25%. (The territory of Puerto Rico has a higher 10.5% value added tax since April 2016). In some states such as California, counties and cities impose additional sales taxes, and total sales taxes can be over 11%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Hobbs Peak", "paragraph_text": "Hobbs Peak () is a prominent peak, high, on the divide between Hobbs Glacier and Blue Glacier in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is the highest point on the east–west section of this dividing ridge. The peak was climbed by members of the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (1960–61), who gave it this name from its nearness to Hobbs Glacier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Mount Phillips (Montana)", "paragraph_text": "Mount Phillips () is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Lupfer Glacier is located on the east slope of Mount Phillips.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "Montana's personal income tax contains 7 brackets, with rates ranging from 1 percent to 6.9 percent. Montana has no sales tax. In Montana, household goods are exempt from property taxes. However, property taxes are assessed on livestock, farm machinery, heavy equipment, automobiles, trucks, and business equipment. The amount of property tax owed is not determined solely by the property's value. The property's value is multiplied by a tax rate, set by the Montana Legislature, to determine its taxable value. The taxable value is then multiplied by the mill levy established by various taxing jurisdictions—city and county government, school districts and others.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Buffett Rule", "paragraph_text": "The Buffett Rule is named after American investor Warren Buffett, who publicly stated in early 2011 that he believed it was wrong that rich people, like himself, could pay less in federal taxes, as a portion of income, than the middle class, and voiced support for increased income taxes on the wealthy. The rule would implement a higher minimum tax rate for taxpayers in the highest income bracket, to ensure that they do not pay a lower percentage of income in taxes than less-affluent Americans. In October 2011, Senate leader Harry Reid (D–Nev.) proposed a 5.6 percent surtax on everyone making over a million dollars a year to pay for new stimulus provisions, but the change did not go through.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Harrison Glacier", "paragraph_text": "Harrison Glacier is located in the US state of Montana in Glacier National Park. Situated on a southeast facing ridge immediately south of Mount Jackson, Harrison Glacier is the largest glacier in Glacier National Park and was estimated in 2005 to have an area of . Though many experts have stated that all the glaciers in Glacier National Park may disappear by the year 2030, Harrison Glacier lost only 9 percent of its surface area in the 40-year period between 1966 and 2005 and will likely still exist well beyond 2030. Compared to many of the vanishing glaciers in Glacier National Park, Harrison Glacier has a much higher altitude accumulation zone (approximately ) which has allowed it to maintain some equilibrium in its glacier mass balance. Comparing images of the glacier taken in 1913 with those from 2009, indicates that the glacier has experienced thinning and retreat.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Berry Spur", "paragraph_text": "Berry Spur () is a mostly ice-covered spur in Antarctica, located between McDermott Glacier and Comberiate Glacier on the west side of the Royal Society Range, Victoria Land. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Russell D. Berry, United States Geological Survey cartographer, a member of the satellite surveying team at South Pole Station, winter party 1983.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Founders Peaks", "paragraph_text": "The Founders Peaks are a cluster of sharp peaks and ridges located just east of Founders Escarpment and between Minnesota Glacier and Gowan Glacier, in the Heritage Range of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. The peaks were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66. The name was applied by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names is association with the name Heritage Range.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Josiah Whitney", "paragraph_text": "Josiah Dwight Whitney (November 23, 1819 – August 18, 1896) was an American geologist, professor of geology at Harvard University (from 1865), and chief of the California Geological Survey (1860–1874). Through his travels and studies in the principal mining regions of the United States, Whitney became the foremost authority of his day on the economic geology of the U.S. Mount Whitney, the highest point in the continental United States, and the Whitney Glacier, the first confirmed glacier in the United States, on Mount Shasta, were both named after him by members of the Survey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Sales taxes in the United States", "paragraph_text": "California, from 1991 to 2012 and since 2017, has a base sales tax of 7.25% (composed of a 6% state tax and a 1.25% uniform local tax) -- the highest statewide sales tax rate in the nation. The tax can total up to 10.25% with local sales tax included, depending on the city in which the purchase is made. Sales and use taxes in the state of California are collected by the publicly elected Board of Equalization, whereas income and franchise taxes are collected by the Franchise Tax Board. Many cities have a combined total sales tax of at least 8.75%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Royal Society Range", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Society Range () is a majestic mountain range in Victoria Land, Antarctica. With its summit at , the massive Mount Lister forms the highest point in this range. Mount Lister is located along the western shore of McMurdo Sound between the Koettlitz, Skelton and Ferrar glaciers. Other notable local terrain features include Allison Glacier, which descends from the west slopes of the Royal Society Range into Skelton Glacier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Chaukhamba", "paragraph_text": "Chaukhamba is a mountain massif in the Gangotri Group of the Garhwal Himalaya. Its main summit, Chaukhamba I, is the highest peak in the group. It lies at the head of the Gangotri Glacier and forms the eastern anchor of the group. It is located in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand, west of the Hindu holy town of Badrinath.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Auriga Nunataks", "paragraph_text": "The Auriga Nunataks () are a small group of nunataks in Palmer Land, Antarctica, located east of Wade Point at the head of Bertram Glacier. The highest of these rises to a sharp peak and is visible for a great distance. They were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after the constellation of Auriga.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mount Jackson (Montana)", "paragraph_text": "Mount Jackson (10,052 feet (3,064 m)) is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Mount Jackson is the fourth tallest mountain in Glacier National Park and it is situated on the Continental Divide. Both the mountain and its namesake Jackson Glacier are easily seen from the Going - to - the - Sun Road. On the southern flanks of Mount Jackson is Harrison Glacier, the largest remaining glacier in the park. Route Descriptions can be found on Summitpost or in ``A Climbers Guide to Glacier National Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Mount Stephenson", "paragraph_text": "Mount Stephenson a mountain in Antarctica. It is located within the central portion of the Douglas Range, standing at the heads of Toynbee Glacier and Sedgwick Glacier 8 miles west of George VI Sound, near the east coast of Alexander Island within the British Antarctic Territory. At an elevation of , Mount Stephenson is the highest mountain in the Douglas Range and the highest point on Alexander Island. Mount Egbert ranks second, standing at 2,895 m and lies south-southeast of Mount Stephenson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "McLean Glacier", "paragraph_text": "McLean Glacier () is a tributary glacier located north of Mount Hemphill in the southwest part of the Anare Mountains, Antarctica, draining west and entering the lower part of Ebbe Glacier just south of Beaman Glacier. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Kenneth S. McLean, a topographic engineer with the United States Geological Survey Topo East–West party that surveyed this area in the 1962–63 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Capital gains tax in the United States", "paragraph_text": "In the United States of America, individuals and corporations pay U.S. federal income tax on the net total of all their capital gains. The tax rate depends on both the investor's tax bracket and the amount of time the investment was held. Short - term capital gains are taxed at the investor's ordinary income tax rate and are defined as investments held for a year or less before being sold. Long - term capital gains, on dispositions of assets held for more than one year, are taxed at a lower rate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sharonov (Martian crater)", "paragraph_text": "Sharonov is an impact crater in the Lunae Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at . It is in diameter and was named after Vsevolod V. Sharonov, a Russian astronomer (1901-1964). Sharonov is situated within the outflow channel system Kasei Valles, whose flows were divided into two main branches that bracket the crater.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Mount Chown", "paragraph_text": "Mount Chown is Alberta's 36th highest peak. It is named after the Reverend Samuel Dwight Chown. It is located in the northwest corner of Jasper National Park on the border with the Willmore Wilderness Park. It lies between two glaciers the Chown Glacier and the Resthaven Glacier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Fountain Glacier", "paragraph_text": "Fountain Glacier () is a glacier between Nylen Glacier and Catspaw Glacier in the Asgard Range, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. It flows south into Pearse Valley. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (2004) after Andrew G. Fountain of the Department of Geology, Portland State University, a United States Antarctic Program investigator in glacier mass balance studies of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, 1993–2003.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 129972, "question": "What is the name of the state where Harrison Glacier is located?", "answer": "Montana", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 39583, "question": "What is the highest tax bracket in #1 ?", "answer": "6.9 percent", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "International Monetary Fund", "paragraph_text": "Previous managing director Dominique Strauss - Kahn was arrested in connection with charges of sexually assaulting a New York hotel room attendant and resigned on 18 May. The charges were later dropped. On 28 June 2011 Christine Lagarde was confirmed as managing director of the IMF for a five - year term starting on 5 July 2011. In 2012, Lagarde was paid a tax - exempt salary of US $467,940, and this is automatically increased every year according to inflation. In addition, the director receives an allowance of US $83,760 and additional expenses for entertainment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)", "paragraph_text": "On 28 January 2012, police arrested four current and former staff members of The Sun, as part of a probe in which journalists paid police officers for information; a police officer was also arrested in the probe. The Sun staffers arrested were crime editor Mike Sullivan, head of news Chris Pharo, former deputy editor Fergus Shanahan, and former managing editor Graham Dudman, who since became a columnist and media writer. All five arrested were held on suspicion of corruption. Police also searched the offices of News International, the publishers of The Sun, as part of a continuing investigation into the News of the World scandal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Gheorghe Cialâk", "paragraph_text": "Gheorghe Cialâk (21 April 1886, Bucharest - 7 December 1977, Bucharest) was a Romanian Lieutenant-General during World War II. In 1941, he became General Officer Commanding 4th Division. The following year, he would serve as General Officer Commanding 7th Corps area and General Officer Commanding Cavalry Corps. Cialâk was arrested in 1944, retired in 1945, and was acquitted and released in 1946. However, he was arrested again in 1951 and charged with crimes against humanity, but was ultimately released in 1955.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Arthur Carlson", "paragraph_text": "Arthur Carlson, aka ``The Big Guy ''is a fictional character on the television situation comedy WKRP in Cincinnati (1978 -- 82), the general manager of the low - rated Cincinnati radio station WKRP. The character was also a regular on the`` revival'' series, The New WKRP in Cincinnati (1991 -- 93), still working as general manager of WKRP. He was played by Gordon Jump in both shows.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Saeid Shirini", "paragraph_text": "Saeid Shirini or Saad Shirini (سعید شیرینی in Persian, born on 6 January 1963 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian businessman and the former team manager of Persepolis. After Mohammad Rouyanian becomes chairman of the Persepolis, Saad Shirini was appointed as one of his deputies. After the resignation of Mohammad Zadmehr as team manager of the club, he was appointed as his caretaker successor. Before the start of the new season, his appointment becomes permanent. After that, many Persepolis legends criticized his appointment because he is not a footballer person. On 25 February 2014, he was arrested by the Iranian police because of his economic activities at his own company, Sadra. On 1 March, he was removed from his position as team manager of Persepolis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Federal Bureau of Investigation", "paragraph_text": "The National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) crime statistics system aims to address limitations inherent in UCR data. The system is used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes. Local, state, and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their records management systems. Data is collected on every incident and arrest in the Group A offense category. The Group A offenses are 46 specific crimes grouped in 22 offense categories. Specific facts about these offenses are gathered and reported in the NIBRS system. In addition to the Group A offenses, eleven Group B offenses are reported with only the arrest information. The NIBRS system is in greater detail than the summary-based UCR system. As of 2004, 5,271 law enforcement agencies submitted NIBRS data. That amount represents 20% of the United States population and 16% of the crime statistics data collected by the FBI.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Tony Jaros", "paragraph_text": "A 6'3\" (1.90 m) forward/guard from the University of Minnesota, Jaros played four seasons (1946–1947; 1948–1951) in the Basketball Association of America/National Basketball Association as a member of the Chicago Stags and Minneapolis Lakers. He averaged 5.4 points per game in his BAA/NBA career and won two league championships with the Lakers. He also spent one season in the National Basketball League with the Lakers (1947–1948), winning the NBL title that season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Chicago (2002 film)", "paragraph_text": "In 1924, Roxie Hart sees star Velma Kelly perform (``All That Jazz '') at a Chicago theater. Wanting stardom for herself, she begins an affair with Fred Casely, who claims to know the manager. After the show, Velma is arrested for killing her husband Charlie and sister Veronica, who were in bed together.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Bill Sharsig", "paragraph_text": "William A. Sharsig (1855 – February 1, 1902) was an American Major League Baseball co-owner, general manager, business manager and on field manager of the American Association Philadelphia Athletics, both their first incarnation and their second, which had migrated over from the Players' League. He lived, worked, and was born in Philadelphia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Red Brigades", "paragraph_text": "In the 1980s, the arrests rate increased in Italy, including that of Senzani in 1982 and of Balzerani in 1985. In February 1986, the Red Brigades-PCC killed the ex-mayor of Florence Lando Conti. In March 1987, Red Brigades-UCC assassinated General Licio Giorgieri in Rome. On 16 April 1988, in Forlì, Red Brigades-PCC killed Italian senator Roberto Ruffilli, an advisor of Italian Prime Minister Ciriaco de Mita. After that, the group activities all but ended after massive arrests of its leadership. The BR dissolved themselves in 1988.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "List of Oakland Athletics owners and executives", "paragraph_text": "Dave Kaval, President 2016 - present Billy Beane, General Manager 1998 -- 2015; VP Baseball Operations 2015 -- present David Forst, General Manager 2015 -- present Michael Crowley, President 1998 -- 2016 Sandy Alderson, President 1993 -- 1995, 1997 -- 1998; General Manager 1983 -- 1998 Walter J. Haas, President 1990 -- 1992 Roy Eisenhardt, President 1981 -- 1986 Billy Martin, General Manager 1981 -- 1982 Charles O. Finley, General Manager 1961 -- 1980 Frank Lane, General Manager 1960 -- 1961 Parke Carroll, General Manager 1959 -- 1960 Mickey Cochrane, General Manager 1950 Arthur Ehlers, General Manager 1951 - 53 Connie Mack General Manager 1901 -- 1950", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Celtics–Lakers rivalry", "paragraph_text": "1959 NBA Finals: Celtics won, 4 -- 0 1962 NBA Finals: Celtics won, 4 -- 3 1963 NBA Finals: Celtics won, 4 -- 2 1965 NBA Finals: Celtics won, 4 -- 1 1966 NBA Finals: Celtics won, 4 -- 3 1968 NBA Finals: Celtics won, 4 -- 2 1969 NBA Finals: Celtics won, 4 -- 3 1984 NBA Finals: Celtics won, 4 -- 3 1985 NBA Finals: Lakers won, 4 -- 2 1987 NBA Finals: Lakers won, 4 -- 2 2008 NBA Finals: Celtics won, 4 -- 2 2010 NBA Finals: Lakers won, 4 -- 3", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Växjö Lakers", "paragraph_text": "Växjö Lakers Hockey Club (often referred to as the Växjö Lakers or VLH) is an ice hockey club from Växjö in Sweden. The club plays in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien), the top-level league of Swedish ice hockey, and made its debut there in 2011–12. They play their home games in the Vida Arena. The club won the Swedish national championship in 2015 and 2018.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mark Davis (American football)", "paragraph_text": "Mark Davis (born 1954 or 1955) is the principal owner and managing general partner of the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro", "paragraph_text": "The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro (also The Arrest of Prince Diponegoro; Indonesian: \"Penangkapan Pangeran Diponegoro\"; Dutch: \"Gevangenname van Prins Diponegoro\") is the name of an 1857 painting by Raden Saleh, depicting the capture of Prince Diponegoro by Lieutenant General Hendrik Merkus de Kock on 28 March 1830.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Constantin S. Constantin", "paragraph_text": "Constantin S. Constantin (May 9, 1889 – February 29, 1948) was a Romanian Major-General during World War II. He was Assistant Chief General Staff in 1939, and in 1941 was Secretary-General of Administration Ministry of Defence and then Under-Secretary of Supply. He went into reserve in 1943, and in 1944 was Deputy General Officer Commanding Capital Military Command. He went into reserve again that year, and retired in 1945. In 1946, he was arrested and in 1948 was condemned to 10 years imprisonment. He died in the Văcăreşti Prison.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Palmer Raids", "paragraph_text": "The Palmer Raids were a series of raids conducted by the United States Department of Justice to capture and arrest suspected radical leftists, especially anarchists, and deport them from the United States. The raids and arrests occurred in November 1919 and January 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer. Though more than 500 foreign citizens were deported, including a number of prominent leftist leaders, Palmer's efforts were largely frustrated by officials at the U.S. Department of Labor, which had authority for deportations and objected to Palmer's methods.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Brian Cashman", "paragraph_text": "Brian McGuire Cashman (born July 3, 1967) is an American baseball executive for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball. He has served as the General Manager and Senior Vice President of the Yankees since 1998. During Cashman's tenure as general manager, the Yankees have won six American League pennants and four World Series championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "paragraph_text": "Tego Calderón and Don Omar reprise their roles from previous films as Tego Leo and Rico Santos, former members of Dom's team from the Dominican Republic and Rio de Janeiro, respectively. Luke Evans reprises his role from Fast & Furious 6 (2013) as Owen Shaw, Deckard's younger brother and a former Special Air Service (SAS) soldier who formerly opposed Dom's team in Europe, and who helps his brother in rescuing Dom's son. Kristofer Hivju appears as Connor Rhodes, Cipher's enforcer and right - hand man. Helen Mirren makes an uncredited cameo appearance as Magdalene Shaw, the mother of Deckard and Owen Shaw.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Jim Laker", "paragraph_text": "James Charles Laker (9 February 1922 -- 23 April 1986) was a cricketer who played for England in the 1950s, known for ``Laker's match ''in 1956 at Old Trafford, Manchester, when he took nineteen wickets in England's victory against Australia. He played 46 Test matches between 1948 and 1959, taking 193 wickets with a bowling average of 21.24; in all first - class matches he took 1,944 wickets at 18.41.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161529, "question": "Where was Deckard arrested?", "answer": "Los Angeles", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 64338, "question": "who is the general manager of the #1 lakers", "answer": "Mitchell Kupchak", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Brahmin", "paragraph_text": "According to 2007 reports, Brahmins in India are about five percent of its total population. The Himalayan states of Uttarakhand (20%) and Himachal Pradesh (14%) have the highest percentage of Brahmin population relative to respective state's total Hindus. Also, the participation of Brahmins in present government is very high.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Melanmarainadu", "paragraph_text": "Melan marainadu is a village situated in state of Tamil Nadu, in the southern part of India. The mother tongue of the residents is Tamil, even though a considerable population speak Telugu.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century, growth was mainly concentrated in Montana's seven largest counties, with the highest percentage growth in Gallatin County, which saw a 32 percent increase in its population from 2000-2010. The city seeing the largest percentage growth was Kalispell with 40.1 percent, and the city with the largest increase in actual residents was Billings with an increase in population of 14,323 from 2000-2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Mandikal", "paragraph_text": "Mandikal is a village located in present Kolar district in Karnataka, India. It is a small village of a population more than 1000. The main occupation is agriculture and sericulture. Kannada and Telugu are the two main languages people speak here.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "List of languages by number of native speakers in India", "paragraph_text": "Hindi is the most widely spoken language in northern parts of India. The Indian census takes the widest possible definition of ``Hindi ''as a broad variety of`` Hindi languages''. According to 2001 Census, 53.6% of Indian population declared that they speak Hindi either as first or second language, in which 41% of them have declared it as their native language or mother tongue. 12.6% Indians declared that they can speak English as a second language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Schuylkill Fishing Company", "paragraph_text": "The Schuylkill Fishing Company of Pennsylvania, also known as the State in Schuylkill, was the first angling club in the Thirteen Colonies and remains the oldest continuously operating social club in the English-speaking world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010. The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English, and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and Southern dialects. In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the resident population five years or older—spoke only English at home, a decrease from 95% in 1990. 238,732 Oklahoma residents reported speaking a language other than English in the 2000 census, about 7.4% of the total population of the state. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the state, with 141,060 speakers counted in 2000. The next most commonly spoken language is Cherokee, with about 22,000 speakers living within the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area of eastern Oklahoma. Cherokee is an official language in the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area and in the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "KOFI", "paragraph_text": "KOFI (1180 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Kalispell, Montana. The station is owned by KOFI, Inc. It airs an Oldies music and News/Talk radio format. The station first signed on in 1955. It was assigned these call letters by the Federal Communications Commission.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Over two-thirds of Melburnians speak only English at home (68.1%). Chinese (mainly Cantonese and Mandarin) is the second-most-common language spoken at home (3.6%), with Greek third, Italian fourth and Vietnamese fifth, each with more than 100,000 speakers. Although Victoria's net interstate migration has fluctuated, the population of the Melbourne statistical division has grown by about 70,000 people a year since 2005. Melbourne has now attracted the largest proportion of international overseas immigrants (48,000) finding it outpacing Sydney's international migrant intake on percentage, along with having strong interstate migration from Sydney and other capitals due to more affordable housing and cost of living.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There were about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4 percent of the population) in 2011. There were also 15,438 (1.7 percent of the state population) speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1 percent) speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4 percent) speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in the Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about 6 speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. These included a Native American language (64 percent), German (4 percent), Spanish (3 percent), Russian (1 percent), and Chinese (less than 0.5 percent).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Bermuda", "paragraph_text": "Bermuda's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots cultures were evident in the 17th century, and became part of the dominant British culture. English is the primary and official language. Due to 160 years of immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands (primarily the Azores, though also from Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands), a portion of the population also speaks Portuguese. There are strong British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean ones.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "École des Pionniers (British Columbia)", "paragraph_text": "École des Pionniers de Maillardville is a French first language school located in Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada. It serves the French speaking population of the Metro Vancouver area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Oak Creek Township, Saunders County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Oak Creek Township is one of twenty-four townships in Saunders County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 949 at the 2000 census, 40.8% of whom were of Czech ancestry, the second highest percentage of Czech-Americans in the United States. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 988.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Russian language", "paragraph_text": "Ethnic Russians constitute 25.5% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian. In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian. Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15 and 19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10- to 14-year-old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English in the same age group).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "Montana has a larger Native American population numerically and percentage-wise than most U.S. states. Although the state ranked 45th in population (according to the 2010 U.S. Census), it ranked 19th in total native people population. Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth highest percentage of all 50 states. Montana has three counties in which Native Americans are a majority: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt. Other counties with large Native American populations include Blaine, Cascade, Hill, Missoula, and Yellowstone counties. The state's Native American population grew by 27.9 percent between 1980 and 1990 (at a time when Montana's entire population rose just 1.6 percent), and by 18.5 percent between 2000 and 2010. As of 2009, almost two-thirds of Native Americans in the state live in urban areas. Of Montana's 20 largest cities, Polson (15.7 percent), Havre (13.0 percent), Great Falls (5.0 percent), Billings (4.4 percent), and Anaconda (3.1 percent) had the greatest percentage of Native American residents in 2010. Billings (4,619), Great Falls (2,942), Missoula (1,838), Havre (1,210), and Polson (706) have the most Native Americans living there. The state's seven reservations include more than twelve distinct Native American ethnolinguistic groups.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Response to sneezing", "paragraph_text": "In English - speaking countries, the common verbal response to another person's sneeze is ``bless you '', or, less commonly in the United States and Canada,`` Gesundheit'', the German word for health (and the response to sneezing in German - speaking countries). There are several proposed bless - you origins for use in the context of sneezing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Norfolk Island", "paragraph_text": "Islanders speak both English and a creole language known as Norfuk, a blend of 18th-century English and Tahitian. The Norfuk language is decreasing in popularity as more tourists travel to the island and more young people leave for work and study reasons; however, there are efforts to keep it alive via dictionaries and the renaming of some tourist attractions to their Norfuk equivalents. In 2004 an act of the Norfolk Island Assembly made it a co-official language of the island. The act is long-titled: \"An Act to recognise the Norfolk Island Language (Norf'k) as an official language of Norfolk Island.\" The \"language known as 'Norf'k'\" is described as the language \"that is spoken by descendants of the first free settlers of Norfolk Island who were descendants of the settlers of Pitcairn Island\". The act recognises and protects use of the language but does not require it; in official use, it must be accompanied by an accurate translation into English. 32% of the total population reported speaking a language other than English in the 2011 census, and just under three-quarters of the ordinarily resident population could speak Norfuk.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Mont-Tramelan", "paragraph_text": "Mont-Tramelan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (\"Jura Bernois\"). While the majority of the population speaks German, the German form of the municipality name, \"Tramlingen-Berg\", is no longer used. Even though it is in the French-speaking part of the canton of Bern, there is a German public school.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Galicia (Spain)", "paragraph_text": "Nowadays, Galician is resurgent, though in the cities it remains a \"second language\" for most. According to a 2001 census, 99.16 percent of the populace of Galicia understand the language, 91.04 percent speak it, 68.65 percent read it and 57.64 percent write it. The first two numbers (understanding and speaking) remain roughly the same as a decade earlier; the latter two (reading and writing) both show enormous gains: a decade earlier, only 49.3 percent of the population could read Galician, and only 34.85 percent could write it. This fact can be easily explained because of the impossibility of teaching Galician during the Francisco Franco era, so older people speak the language but have no written competence. Galician is the highest-percentage spoken language in its region among the regional languages of Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Holsbybrunn", "paragraph_text": "Holsbybrunn is a locality situated in Vetlanda Municipality, Jönköping County, Sweden with 729 inhabitants in 2010. Ädelfors folkhögskola is located in Holsbybrunn. An international English speaking Bible School affiliated with Torchbearers International is also located in the locality.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 130739, "question": "What state is KOFI located?", "answer": "Montana", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 39597, "question": "What percentage of the population in #1 speak English?", "answer": "94.8 percent", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "ITC Grand Chola Hotel", "paragraph_text": "The hotel is the first in the country to obtain a 5 - star rating from the Association for Development and Research of Sustainable Habitats (ADaRSH). It was rated on 34 criteria, categorised under various sections, including site selection and planning, conservation, utilisation of resources, and building operation and maintenance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The New Bush", "paragraph_text": "The New Bush is the tenth studio album released by Australian Country Musician Lee Kernaghan. It got nominated for six Golden Guitar trophies, winning four at the Country Music Awards of Australia. The album peaked at number six on the ARIA Charts and was certified platinum.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Wall of Soundz", "paragraph_text": "Wall of Soundz is the third studio album from Irish singer-songwriter, Brian McFadden. It was released in Australia on 23 April 2010. The album debuted on the ARIA Albums Chart at #27, its highest peak to date, and spent only three weeks in the ARIA top 50. The album produced McFadden's fourth number one single, \"Just Say So\", which features American rapper, Kevin Rudolf and gained a platinum accreditation, as well as the second single, \"Chemical Rush\" which peaked within the ARIA top 15.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Interreligious Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "paragraph_text": "The Interreligious Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina (\"Međureligijsko vijeće u Bosni i Hercegovini, MRV\") was established in 1997 with help from the World Conference of Religions for Peace. Its founding members included Grand Mufti Mustafa Cerić, Metropolitan Nikolaj of Dabar-Bosnia, Cardinal and Archbishop of Vrhbosna Vinko Puljić, and Jakob Finci of Jewish Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands", "paragraph_text": "Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands has been legal since 1 April 2001. The Netherlands was the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Clown Prince", "paragraph_text": "\"Clown Prince\" is a single released by Australian hip-hop band, the Hilltop Hoods. The single, the first from the 2006 album, \"The Hard Road\", reached #30 in the ARIA charts, becoming the first Hilltop Hoods song to appear on the ARIA Singles Chart. The song also charted at #23 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 2006 list.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Asthma", "paragraph_text": "As of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. Within developed countries it is more common in those who are economically disadvantaged while in contrast in developing countries it is more common in the affluent. The reason for these differences is not well known. Low and middle income countries make up more than 80% of the mortality.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Totally Jodie Marsh", "paragraph_text": "The auditions themselves were not successful, as they drew fewer people than expected. From the beginning of the series, ratings dropped rapidly, and as a result MTV One screened a double bill for episodes 4 and 5. Details of her marriage and venue were revealed before the show was halfway complete.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Bible and Orient Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Bible and Orient Museum (officially: \"BIBLE+ORIENT Museum\") in Fribourg, Switzerland is the exhibition of a collection of ancient Egyptian and ancient Near Eastern miniature art, as well as a project to create a modern museum to compare biblical and extra-biblical texts with archaeological, epigraphical and iconographical data. This comparison is aimed at offering stimulating insights for the advancement of the interreligious dialog.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Kasey Chambers", "paragraph_text": "Kasey Chambers (born 4 June 1976) is an Australian country singer-songwriter and musician born in Mount Gambier. She is the daughter of fellow musicians, Diane and Bill Chambers, and the younger sister of musician and producer, Nash Chambers. All four were members of a family country music group, Dead Ringer Band, from 1992 to 1998, with Chambers starting her solo career thereafter. Five of her twelve studio albums have reached No. 1 on the ARIA Albums Chart, \"Barricades & Brickwalls\" (September 2001), \"Wayward Angel\" (May 2004), \"Carnival\" (August 2006) \"Rattlin' Bones\" (with her then-husband, Shane Nicholson) (April 2008) and \"Dragonfly\" (January 2017). In November 2018 she was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame and has won an additional fourteen ARIA Music Awards with nine for Best Country Album. Her autobiography, \"A Little Bird Told Me...\", which was co-authored with music journalist, Jeff Apter, was released in 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Dido's Lament", "paragraph_text": "Dido's Lament is the aria ``When I am laid in earth ''from the opera Dido and Aeneas by Henry Purcell (libretto by Nahum Tate).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Cosby Sweater", "paragraph_text": "\"Cosby Sweater\" is a song by Australian hip hop group, Hilltop Hoods. It was released as the third single from the group's seventh studio album, \"Walking Under Stars\" (2014). In Australia, \"Cosby Sweater\" peaked at No. 4 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, becoming Hilltop Hoods' highest charting single to date and their third top ten hit overall. The song was rated number three in Triple J's Hottest 100 2014. The song's accompanying music video was released on 3 October 2014 via the Australian iTunes Store.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Se vuol ballare", "paragraph_text": "The cavatina \"\" is an aria for baritone or bass from the first act of the opera \"The Marriage of Figaro\" by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The libretto was written by Lorenzo Da Ponte based on a stage comedy by Pierre Beaumarchais, La folle journée, ou le Mariage de Figaro (1784). The Italian title means \"If you want to dance\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Smutnoye Vremia", "paragraph_text": "Смутное Время (Smutnoye Vremia, Russian for \"Time of Troubles\") is a standalone album by vocalist Valery Kipelov and guitarist Sergey Mavrin, both formerly of Aria (Kipelov was still a member of Aria when it was released). Alik Granovsky, former Aria bassist, was a guest musician on \"SV\", but composed no songs for it. Songs from the album are still played both by Kipelov's group \"Kipelov\" and Mavrin's \"Mavrik\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Dallas Crane (album)", "paragraph_text": "Dallas Crane is the fourth studio album by Australian rock band Dallas Crane. It was released in 2004 and was nominated for the ARIA Music Awards in the Best Rock Album category. It had a favorable critical reception, rated four stars by both \"The Age\", which described it as sounding \"like it was knocked off live over a boozy weekend\", and the \"Sunday Herald Sun\", which rated it \"one of the most impressive rock albums of the past decade ... rivalling \"Face to Face, Big Bad Noise\" and \"Jaws of Life\" in the realm of Aussie classics\". It earned 3½ stars from \"The Herald Sun\" and 7/10 by the \"Sun-Herald\". It was ranked No.2 on a \"Sunday Herald Sun\" list of the best albums of 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Starred Up", "paragraph_text": "Starred Up is a 2013 British prison crime drama film directed by David Mackenzie and written by Jonathan Asser. Starring Jack O'Connell, Ben Mendelsohn and Rupert Friend, the film is based on Jonathan Asser's experiences working as a voluntary therapist at HM Prison Wandsworth, with some of the country’s most violent criminals. The title refers to the early transfer of a criminal from a Young Offender Institution to an adult prison.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Aria Resort and Casino", "paragraph_text": "Aria Resort and Casino Aria Resort & Casino seen from above Location Paradise, Nevada, U.S. Address 3730 South Las Vegas Boulevard Opening date December 16, 2009; 8 years ago (2009 - 12 - 16) No. of rooms 4,004 Total gaming space 150,000 sq ft (14,000 m) Signature attractions Aria Art Collection Notable restaurants Sage, Julian Serrano, Bar Masa, Jean Georges, Bardot Brasserie, Tetsu Owner MGM Resorts International and Infinity World Development Architect Pelli Clarke Pelli Website aria.com", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "List of Fitbit products", "paragraph_text": "An updated version of the Aria was announced in August 2017 concurrent with the Ionic. The Aria 2 has been re-engineered for greater accuracy and easier Bluetooth setup. The Aria 2 also has personalized face icons and greetings, compatibility with more Wi - Fi networks, and has an increased weight tolerance of up to 400 pounds. The product was released in late 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Barricades & Brickwalls", "paragraph_text": "Barricades & Brickwalls is the second studio album by Australian country music singer Kasey Chambers released in Australia on 3 September 2001 by Essence Records and on 12 February 2002 on Warner Bros. Records in the U.S. The album was mainly written by Chambers with help from Worm Werchon and her father Bill Chambers. \"Barricades & Brickwalls\" debuted in the top ten on the Australian ARIA Albums Chart, and sales were considerably high of those of Chambers first album, \"The Captain\" (1999). Its singles were successful in most music markets, \"Not Pretty Enough\", the most successful song from the album gave Chambers her first number-one single in Australia and reached #4 in New Zealand. Other singles includes \"Runaway Train\", \"On a Bad Day\", \"Million Tears\" and \"If I Were You\". The commercial success of the album led the album to eight nominations at the ARIA Awards.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Republic of the Congo", "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 102882, "question": "What country was Jonathan Arias from?", "answer": "Mexico", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 21126, "question": "What is the rate of interreligious marriage in #1 ?", "answer": "as low as 10%", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "paragraph_text": "On 29 October 1956, Israeli forces crossed the Sinai Peninsula, overwhelmed Egyptian army posts, and quickly advanced to their objectives. Two days later, British and French planes bombarded Egyptian airfields in the canal zone. Nasser ordered the military's high command to withdraw the Egyptian Army from Sinai to bolster the canal's defenses. Moreover, he feared that if the armored corps was dispatched to confront the Israeli invading force and the British and French subsequently landed in the canal city of Port Said, Egyptian armor in the Sinai would be cut off from the canal and destroyed by the combined tripartite forces. Amer strongly disagreed, insisting that Egyptian tanks meet the Israelis in battle. The two had a heated exchange on 3 November, and Amer conceded. Nasser also ordered blockage of the canal by sinking or otherwise disabling forty-nine ships at its entrance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Heinkel He 100", "paragraph_text": "The Heinkel He 100 was a German pre-World War II fighter aircraft design from Heinkel. Although it proved to be one of the fastest fighter aircraft in the world at the time of its development, the design was not ordered into series production. Approximately 19 prototypes and pre-production examples were built. None are known to have survived the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Korean War", "paragraph_text": "By mid-1950, North Korean forces numbered between 150,000 and 200,000 troops, organized into 10 infantry divisions, one tank division, and one air force division, with 210 fighter planes and 280 tanks, who captured scheduled objectives and territory, among them Kaesong, Chuncheon, Uijeongbu, and Ongjin. Their forces included 274 T-34-85 tanks, 200 artillery pieces, 110 attack bombers, some 150 Yak fighter planes, 78 Yak trainers, and 35 reconnaissance aircraft. In addition to the invasion force, the North KPA had 114 fighters, 78 bombers, 105 T-34-85 tanks, and some 30,000 soldiers stationed in reserve in North Korea. Although each navy consisted of only several small warships, the North and South Korean navies fought in the war as sea-borne artillery for their in-country armies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Rex T. Barber", "paragraph_text": "Colonel Rex T. Barber (May 6, 1917 – July 26, 2001) was a World War II fighter pilot from the United States. He is best known as a member of the top secret mission to intercept the aircraft carrying Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto in April 1943.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Classical order", "paragraph_text": "The Ionic order came from eastern Greece, where its origins are entwined with the similar but little known Aeolic order. It is distinguished by slender, fluted pillars with a large base and two opposed volutes (also called scrolls) in the echinus of the capital. The echinus itself is decorated with an egg - and - dart motif. The Ionic shaft comes with four more flutes than the Doric counterpart (totalling 24). The Ionic base has two convex moldings called tori which are separated by a scotia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Down in Flames (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Down in Flames is a computer video game for Microsoft Windows, developed by American studio Dan Verssen Games and published by Battlefront.com in 2005. Closely based on a card-driven tabletop game of the same name, Down in Flames is a turn-based simulation of dogfights between World War II fighter planes. Some parts of the game also involve escorting and intercepting bombers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Eduard Ritter von Dostler", "paragraph_text": "Oberleutnant Eduard Ritter von Dostler (3 February 1892 – 21 August 1917), Pour le Mérite, Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Military Order of Max Joseph, Iron Cross, was a German World War I fighter ace credited with 26 victories. On three consecutive assignments during World War I, Dostler was entrusted with leadership of German \"jagdstaffeln\" (fighter squadrons).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "New World Order (film)", "paragraph_text": "New World Order is a 2009 American documentary film directed by Luke Meyer and Andrew Neel. It explores conspiracy theorists who are committed to vigorously opposing what they believe to be an emerging \"New World Order\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "VMF-511", "paragraph_text": "Marine Fighting Squadron 511 (VMF-511) was a fighter squadron of the Marine Corps and Marine Forces Reserve during World War II and the Cold War which flew aircraft types such as the F6F Hellcat, F4U Corsair, and the F-8 Crusader. They were originally activated during World War II and fought during the Battle of Okinawa and the Battle of Balikpapan (1945). They specialized in close air support and during the course of the war were credited with only one plane shot down.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Dragon Age: Origins", "paragraph_text": "Set in the fictional kingdom of Ferelden during a period of civil strife, the game puts the player in the role of a warrior, mage, or rogue coming from an elven, human, or dwarven background. The player character is recruited into the Grey Wardens, an ancient order that stands against demonic forces known as ``Darkspawn '', and is tasked with defeating the Archdemon that commands them and ending their invasion, known as the`` Blight''. The game is played from a third - person perspective that can be shifted to top - down perspective. Throughout the game, players encounter various companions, who play major roles in the game's plot and gameplay and accompany the player throughout the game.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "On St. George's Night (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus) 23 April 1343, the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order tried to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in the 13th century during the Livonian crusade, and to eradicate the non-indigenous Christian religion. After initial success the revolt was ended by the invasion of the Teutonic Order. In 1346 the Duchy of Estonia was sold for 19,000 Köln marks to the Teutonic Order by the King of Denmark. The shift of sovereignty from Denmark to the State of the Teutonic Order took place on 1 November 1346.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Rhine", "paragraph_text": "A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fußach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta. The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake. Its water has a darker color than the Rhine; the latter's lighter suspended load comes from higher up the mountains. It is expected that the continuous input of sediment into the lake will silt up the lake. This has already happened to the former Lake Tuggenersee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Vic Latino", "paragraph_text": "Vic Latino (born Victor J. Canales in Long Island, New York) is an American radio and television personality of Spanish descent. He is co-founder of JVC Broadcasting which owns radio stations on Long Island and in the state of Florida.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "The following day, the armies of four Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq—entered what had been British Mandatory Palestine, launching the 1948 Arab–Israeli War; Contingents from Yemen, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Sudan joined the war. The apparent purpose of the invasion was to prevent the establishment of the Jewish state at inception, and some Arab leaders talked about driving the Jews into the sea. According to Benny Morris, Jews felt that the invading Arab armies aimed to slaughter the Jews. The Arab league stated that the invasion was to restore law and order and to prevent further bloodshed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Eisenhower administration condemned the tripartite invasion, and supported UN resolutions demanding withdrawal and a United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) to be stationed in Sinai. Nasser commended Eisenhower, stating he played the \"greatest and most decisive role\" in stopping the \"tripartite conspiracy\". By the end of December, British and French forces had totally withdrawn from Egyptian territory, while Israel completed its withdrawal in March 1957 and released all Egyptian prisoners of war. As a result of the Suez Crisis, Nasser brought in a set of regulations imposing rigorous requirements for residency and citizenship as well as forced expulsions, mostly affecting British and French nationals and Jews with foreign nationality, as well as some Egyptian Jews.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Nasser 56", "paragraph_text": "Nasser 56 is a 1996 Egyptian historical film directed by Mohamed Fadel, starring Ahmed Zaki. The film focuses on the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt's second President, Gamal Abdel Nasser, and the subsequent invasion of Egypt by Israel, the United Kingdom, and France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Antenna (radio)", "paragraph_text": "An antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency (i.e. a high frequency alternating current (AC)) to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals, that is applied to a receiver to be amplified.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Quentin C. Aanenson", "paragraph_text": "Quentin C. Aanenson (April 21, 1921 – December 28, 2008) was a World War II veteran fighter pilot and former captain of the 391st Fighter Squadron, 366th Fighter Group, 9th Air Force, U.S. Army Air Corps. He flew the P-47 Thunderbolt in the Normandy D-Day invasion and subsequent European campaign.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "FesTVal", "paragraph_text": "FesTVal is the main Spanish annual television and radio festival which takes place in the city of Vitoria Gasteiz in the Basque Country of northern Spain. The festival, an initiative of the \"Asociación Cultural Fila 2\", began in 2009 and runs during the first week of September. The festival program features previews of new shows, special screenings, roundtable discussions, and a ceremony where the Joan Ramón Mainat and Crítics' prizes are awarded. The event is hosted by EITB, the Basque Country public broadcast service. Participating Spanish television and radio networks include TVE, Antena 3, Cuatro, Telecinco, La Sexta, Canal+, and the Disney Channel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Iron Dome", "paragraph_text": "Iron Dome (, \"\") is a mobile all-weather air defense system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and Israel Aerospace Industries. The system is designed to intercept and destroy short-range rockets and artillery shells fired from distances of to away and whose trajectory would take them to an Israeli populated area. Israel hopes to increase the range of Iron Dome's interceptions, from the current maximum of to and make it more versatile so that it could intercept rockets coming from two directions simultaneously.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 27372, "question": "What country was opposed to the invasion of the canal?", "answer": "U.S.", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 34883, "question": "Where did the radio interception orders to #1 > Hellcat fighters come from?", "answer": "combat information centers", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Coffee and Cigarettes: Somewhere in California", "paragraph_text": "Coffee and Cigarettes: Somewhere in California (also known as Coffee and Cigarettes III) is a 1993 black-and-white short film directed by writer/director Jim Jarmusch shot in Northern California. The film consists primarily of a conversation between musicians Tom Waits and Iggy Pop in a coffee shop. The film would later be included in the feature-length \"Coffee and Cigarettes\" released in 2003. The film won the Golden Palm at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival as best \"Short Film\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gloria Jean's Coffees", "paragraph_text": "Gloria Jean's Coffees is a franchised specialty coffeehouse company that has opened more than 1,000 coffee houses across 39 markets worldwide, including over 460 in Australia. In 2014 Gloria Jeans was purchased by the Retail Food Group for $163.5 million.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Nicholls, Georgia", "paragraph_text": "Nicholls is a city in Coffee County, Georgia, United States. The population was 2,798 as of the 2010 census, up from 1,008 in 2000, due to counting of the Coffee County Correctional Facility population within the city limits. This facility is privately owned and operated by CoreCivic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Kopi luwak", "paragraph_text": "Although kopi luwak is a form of processing rather than a variety of coffee, it has been called one of the most expensive coffees in the world with retail prices reaching €550 / US $700 per kilogram. The price of farmed (considered low - grade by connoisseurs) kopi luwak in large Indonesian supermarkets is from US $100 per kilogram (five times the price of a high quality local arabica coffee).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Shannon Bahrke", "paragraph_text": "Shannon Bahrke (born November 7, 1980) is an American Olympic freestyle skier and entrepreneur. Bahrke was the silver medalist in moguls at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, the bronze medalist at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, and in 2003 was the World Cup Champion. With her bronze medal in 2010, she became the first US women's freestyle skier to win multiple Olympic medals. Bahrke was also the 2009 US National Champion in dual moguls. She has reached the podium twice at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, winning bronze in 2003 and silver in 2007, both in dual moguls. In 2008, she founded Silver Bean Coffee, a Salt Lake City based coffee roasting company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Western Highlands Province", "paragraph_text": "Western Highlands is a province of Papua New Guinea. The provincial capital is Mount Hagen. The province covers an area of 4,299 km2, and there are 362,850 inhabitants (2011 census), making the Western Highlands the most densely populated province (apart from the National Capital District). Tea and coffee are grown in the Western Highlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Eugster/Frismag", "paragraph_text": "Eugster/Frismag AG, headquartered in Amriswil, Switzerland, is an OEM producer of home appliances, especially coffee machines which are sold under many well-known international brand names. Eugster/Frismag manufactures around 20% of all Nestle machines as well as other machines for brands such as Jura, Koenig, Melitta, Moulinex, or Turmix. The annual production totals 5 million coffee machines. Alongside Saeco, Eugster/Frismag is one of the world's largest producers of coffee machines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Xen Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Xen Coffee is an independent siphon coffee bar in Hong Kong. Xen Coffee's first coffee shop was in Quarry Bay. Xen Coffee serves highly selective coffee varieties from Africa, Indonesia, Central and South Americas. Xen Coffee was awarded Best Fair Trade Cafe in Hong Kong for its effort as a pioneer in promoting Fair Trade products like chocolate from Ghana, organic coffee from Ethiopian Yirgacheffe and the rainforest of Guatemala in Hong Kong. \"Time Out\" magazine (Hong Kong edition) has selected Xen Coffee as one of Hong Kong's 20 Best Coffee Spots. Xen Coffee has also been covered in \"My Coffee Guide\" written by Moses Chan, a coffee geek and celebrity in Hong Kong. Helen Chow, the head Siphonist of Xen Coffee was awarded the title of World Siphonist by the Specialty Coffee Association of Japan (SCAJ) to honor her achievement as second runner-up in the World Siphonist Championship (WSC) 2010. The founder of Xen Coffee, Dixon Ip, is the first person in China to obtain certifications from both the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) and Coffee Quality Institute (CQI) as SCAA Cupping Judge and CQI Licensed Q Grader. Xen Coffee focuses on educating the local community on coffee beyond espresso and promoting the concept of enjoying specialty coffee from single origins.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Arbequina", "paragraph_text": "Arbequina is a cultivar of olives. The fruit is highly aromatic, small, symmetrical and dark brown, with a rounded apex and a broad peduncular cavity. In Europe, it is mostly grown in Catalonia, Spain, but it is also grown in Aragon and Andalusia, as well as California, Argentina, Chile, and Australia. It has recently become one of the dominant olive cultivars in the world, largely under highly intensive, \"super high-density\" plantation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Diane Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Diane Coffee is the stage name of musician and actor Shaun Fleming from Agoura Hills, California, United States. Diane Coffee released his debut LP \"My Friend Fish\" on October 29, 2013, via record label Western Vinyl.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Coffee and Cigarettes", "paragraph_text": "Coffee and Cigarettes is the title of three short films and a 2003 anthology film by independent film director Jim Jarmusch. The film consists of 11 short stories which share coffee and cigarettes as a common thread, and includes the earlier three short films.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Karachi", "paragraph_text": "Karachi is the most linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse city in Pakistan. The city is a melting pot of ethno - linguistic groups from throughout Pakistan, as well as migrants from other parts of Asia. The city's inhabitants are referred to by the demonym Karachiite. The 2017 census numerated Karachi's population to be 14,910,352, having grown 2.49% per year since the 1998 census, which had listed Karachi's population at approximately 9.3 million.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Caribou Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Arcapita was Caribou Coffee's majority shareholder. In 2002, Yusuf al-Qaradawi's involvement with the bank led to a protest of Caribou Coffee. That same year al-Qaradawi stepped down as chairman of the bank's Sharia board.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Coffee production in India", "paragraph_text": "Coffee production in India is dominated in the hill tracts of South Indian states, with Karnataka accounting for 71%, followed by Kerala with 21% and Tamil Nadu (5% of overall production with 8,200 tonnes). Indian coffee is said to be the finest coffee grown in the shade rather than direct sunlight anywhere in the world. There are about 250,000 coffee growers in the country; 98% of them are small growers. As of 2009, Indian coffee made up just 4.5% of the global production. Almost 80% of Indian coffee is exported; 70% is bound for Germany, Russia, Spain, Belgium, Slovenia, United States, Japan, Greece, Netherlands and France. Italy accounts for 29% of the exports. Most of the export is shipped through the Suez Canal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Metropolis Coffee Company", "paragraph_text": "Metropolis Coffee Company is a coffee roasting company, wholesaler and retailer with locations at 1039 W. Granville Avenue and 3057 N. Rockwell Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. The company supplies coffee to hundreds of cafes and restaurants throughout the US, Canada, and Korea. In 2005, they were named by \"Newcity\" as the best place in Chicago to buy coffee beans and noted for their donation of $2 to Oxfam for Tsunami for each pound of beans purchased. Metropolis is also a back-to-back winner of the Good Food Awards, and winner of Roast Magazine's Roaster of the Year - A national roasting competition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Coffee Trader", "paragraph_text": "The Coffee Trader is a historical novel by David Liss, set in 17th-century Amsterdam. The story revolves around the activities of commodity trader Miguel Lienzo, who is a Jewish refugee from the Portuguese Inquisition. Recovering from near financial ruin, he embarks on a coffee trading scheme with a Dutch woman, kept secret because it is forbidden by his community council. Miguel navigates the social structures of the Amsterdam business world, the politics of the council, and the plots of competitors bringing this new import to Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Campeon", "paragraph_text": "Campeon (NOM: 1107, DOT: 94) is an award winning tequila produced from Blue Agave grown in the Eastern Highlands of Jalisco in Mexico. Campeon has received several medals in the 2011 San Francisco World Spirits Competition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Costa Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Costa Coffee was founded in London in 1971 by the Costa family as a wholesale operation supplying roasted coffee to caterers and specialist Italian coffee shops. Acquired by Whitbread in 1995, it has since grown to 3,401 stores across 31 countries. The business has 2,121 UK restaurants, over 6,000 Costa Express vending facilities and a further 1,280 outlets overseas (including 395 in China).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "History of coffee", "paragraph_text": "The origin and history of coffee dates back to the 10th century, and possibly earlier with a number of reports and legends surrounding its first use. The native (undomesticated) origin of coffee is thought to have been Ethiopia. The earliest substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree is from the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen. By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, South India (Coorg), Persia, Turkey, Horn of Africa, and northern Africa. Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to South East Asia and then to America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Kopi luwak", "paragraph_text": "Kopi luwak (Indonesian pronunciation: (ˈkopi ˈlu. aʔ)), or civet coffee, is coffee that includes part - digested coffee cherries eaten and defecated by the Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 89788, "question": "where is most of the worlds coffee grown", "answer": "Brazil", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 24454, "question": "Was #1 on the list?", "answer": "Brazil 54th", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[ "br", "BR", "BRA" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Jaap Helder", "paragraph_text": "Jacob \"Jaap\" Helder (11 November 1907 in Paterswolde – 13 January 1998 in Paterswolde) is a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his country at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Naples. After the 5th race Gerard Lautenschutz, who was crewing on the Dutch Flying Dutchman \"Daisy\" (H102), needed to go home due to family circumstances. Helder with helmsman Ben Verhagen crewed the last two races. The team took 5th place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On 6 March 1957, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Calling from a Country Phone", "paragraph_text": "Calling from a Country Phone is the second album by former Go-Between Robert Forster, and his first self-produced disc. Drummer Glenn Thompson would later join Forster and Grant McLennan in a reformed Go-Betweens years later. The album also features Custard frontman David McCormack on lead guitar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "History of South Africa", "paragraph_text": "The establishment of the staging post by the Dutch East India Company at the Cape in 1652 soon brought the Khoikhoi into conflict with Dutch settlers over land ownership. Cattle rustling and livestock theft ensued, with the Khoikhoi being ultimately expelled from the peninsula by force, after a succession of wars. The first Khoikhoi - Dutch War broke out in 1659, the second in 1673, and the third 1674 -- 1677. By the time of their defeat and expulsion from the Cape Peninsula and surrounding districts, the Khoikhoi population was decimated by a smallpox epidemic, against which the Khoikhoi had no natural resistance or indigenous medicines. The disease had been brought to the Cape by Dutch sailors.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "De mallemolen", "paragraph_text": "\"De mallemolen\" (\"The Merry-go-round\") was the Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in Dutch by Heddy Lester. The song was composed by Lester's brother Frank Affolter, with lyrics by Wim Hogenkamp.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ton Masseurs", "paragraph_text": "Ton Masseurs (born 7 December 1947, in Kaatsheuvel, the Netherlands) is a Dutch guitarist noted as one of the first pedal steel guitar players in Europe. He was the lead guitar/steel guitar player, and a founding member, of the Dutch Country and Western band The Tumbleweeds, who had a number one hit with their version of the Merle Haggard song \"Somewhere Between\" (1975). Masseurs was the band's musical leader and producer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Haytham Farouk", "paragraph_text": "Farouk was born in Alexandria. He spent most of his career in Egypt and played for El-Olympi and Zamalek SC. He played for the Zamalek side that won the 2000 African Cup Winners' Cup. He also had a spell in Europe, playing for Dutch Eredivisie side Feyenoord, Swedish Allsvenskan side Helsingborgs IF and Belgian First Division side K.V. Oostende.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch. Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street, is named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Kingdom of Butua", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Butua or Butwa (c. 1450 - 1683) was a pre-colonial African state located in what is now southwestern Zimbabwe. Butua was renowned as the source of gold for Arab and Portuguese traders. The region was first mentioned in Portuguese records in 1512.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Belarus", "paragraph_text": "The name \"Rus\" is often conflated with its Latin forms \"Russia\" and \"Ruthenia\", thus Belarus is often referred to as \"White Russia\" or \"White Ruthenia\". The name first appeared in German and Latin medieval literature; the chronicles of Jan of Czarnków mention the imprisonment of Lithuanian grand duke Jogaila and his mother at \"\" in 1381. In some languages, including German, Afrikaans and Dutch, the country is generally called \"White Russia\" to this day (' and ' respectively).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "I've Got a Lovely Bunch of Coconuts", "paragraph_text": "The song appeared in I Could Go On Singing (1963), Judy Garland's last film. A portion of the song also appeared in Disney's 1994 The Lion King (sung by Rowan Atkinson). Nicolas Cage also sang part of this song in National Treasure: Book of Secrets. Ringo Starr sang an impromptu version of the song in Magical Mystery Tour, The Beatles' TV special broadcast by the BBC on 26 December 1967. Also, actors Hayden Rorke and Bill Daily performed a few lines of the song on ukulele in the 1969 I Dream of Jeannie episode ``Uncles a Go - Go. In the first episode of the 1977 sitcom Mind Your Language it is mentioned that a professor went crazy and sang this song.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia. In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index. In 2013, it was 19th. In 2014 it ranked 22nd", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Craziest Thing", "paragraph_text": "\"The Craziest Thing\" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Rick Tippe. It was released in 1996 as the first single from his second studio album, \"Get Hot or Go Home\". It peaked at number 9 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in January 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On May 6, 1957, Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Let Her Go", "paragraph_text": "``Let Her Go ''was released in July 2012 as the second single from Passenger's third album All the Little Lights. The song became a hit first in the Netherlands after Dave, a Dutch fan, e-mailed Passenger expressing his wish to introduce the song to some Dutch radio stations, claiming it could be a hit there. This resulted in the song trending on Dutch stations and finding enormous commercial success with the Dutch public. The song became a hit first in the Netherlands, reaching number two in the Dutch Top 40 in November 2012 and spending a total of four non-consecutive weeks at that position.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "24: Redemption", "paragraph_text": "The main setting is Sangala, a fictional African country, where Jack Bauer (Kiefer Sutherland) tries to find peace with himself, and works as a missionary with Carl Benton (Robert Carlyle), who built the Okavango school to aid war orphans. Bauer is served a subpoena to appear before the United States Senate regarding human rights violations, but refuses to go, and a shadow organization among the United States government aids General Juma (Tony Todd) and his militia in a coup d'état.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Beat It On Down the Line", "paragraph_text": "Beat It Down the Line is a country - blues song written by Jesse Fuller and first recorded in 1961. The lyrics mention ``Joe Brown's Coal Mine '', which refer to Joseph E. Brown, four times governor of Georgia and president of the Dale Coal Company who ran numerous coal mines in the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Cape of Good Hope", "paragraph_text": "When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1488 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (although Herodotus mentioned a claim that the Phoenicians had done so far earlier). Dias called the cape Cabo das Tormentas (``Cape of Storms ''; Dutch: Stormkaap), which was the original name of the`` Cape of Good Hope''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "De vogels van Holland", "paragraph_text": "\"De vogels van Holland\" (\"The birds of Holland\") was the first Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1956 (the only edition of the contest at which two entries per country were allowed). It was written by Annie M. G. Schmidt and performed in Dutch by Jetty Paerl. The song is particularly significant for being the first song performed in Eurovision Song Contest history, and the first of many to sing the praises of the singer's homeland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Laat me nu gaan", "paragraph_text": "\"Laat me nu gaan\" (\"Let Me Go Now\") was the Belgian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985, performed in Dutch by Linda Lepomme.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159025, "question": "What African country is mentioned first?", "answer": "South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 87065, "question": "when did the dutch go to #1", "answer": "1652", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Scottish Parliament", "paragraph_text": "Parliamentary time is also set aside for question periods in the debating chamber. A \"General Question Time\" takes place on a Thursday between 11:40 a.m. and 12 p.m. where members can direct questions to any member of the Scottish Government. At 2.30pm, a 40-minute long themed \"Question Time\" takes place, where members can ask questions of ministers in departments that are selected for questioning that sitting day, such as health and justice or education and transport. Between 12 p.m. and 12:30 p.m. on Thursdays, when Parliament is sitting, First Minister's Question Time takes place. This gives members an opportunity to question the First Minister directly on issues under their jurisdiction. Opposition leaders ask a general question of the First Minister and then supplementary questions. Such a practice enables a \"lead-in\" to the questioner, who then uses their supplementary question to ask the First Minister any issue. The four general questions available to opposition leaders are:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Yale University", "paragraph_text": "Yale traces its beginnings to \"An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School,\" passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9, 1701, while meeting in New Haven. The Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers: Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, Rev. James Noyes II (son of James Noyes), James Pierpont, Abraham Pierson, Noadiah Russell, Joseph Webb and Timothy Woodbridge, all alumni of Harvard, met in the study of Reverend Samuel Russell in Branford, Connecticut, to pool their books to form the school's library. The group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as \"The Founders\".[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Mark Clinton", "paragraph_text": "In 1973 he joined the Irish Government of Liam Cosgrave as Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries in the National Coalition. Clinton is best remembered as the Agriculture Minister who negotiated Ireland's entry into the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy, a development which brought billions of pounds to Irish farming and agri business. He served in government until 1977 and retired from the Dáil in 1981. Clinton also served in the European Parliament for the Leinster constituency from 1979 to 1989 and his political experience was recognised by his election as vice-president of that assembly.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ministry of Agriculture (Zambia)", "paragraph_text": "Minister Party Term start Term end Member for Agriculture and Natural Resources Geoffrey Beckett 1953 William Harris Wroth Federal Party 1954 1957 Harold Watmore Federal Party 1957 1958 Ebden Carlisle United Federal Party 1958 Minister of African Agriculture Edson Mwamba 1959 1962 Simon Kapwepwe United National Independence Party 1962 1964 Minister of Agriculture Elijah Mudenda United National Independence Party 1964 Minister of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries Guy Scott Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 1991 Suresh Desai Movement for Multi-Party Democracy Edith Nawakwi Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 1998 Amusaa Mwanamwambwa Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 1998 1998 Mundia Sikatana Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 2002 2006 Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives Peter Daka Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 2009 Minister of Agriculture and Livestock Emmanuel Chenda Patriotic Front 2011 2013 Bob Sichinga Patriotic Front 2013 2014 Wylbur Simuusa Patriotic Front 2014 Given Lubinda Patriotic Front 2015 2015 Minister of Agriculture Dora Siliya Patriotic Front 2016 2018 Micheal Zondani Katambo Patriotic Front 2018", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Last Act in Palmyra", "paragraph_text": "Last Act in Palmyra is a 1994 historical mystery crime novel by Lindsey Davis and the sixth book of the Marcus Didius Falco Mysteries series. Set in Rome, Nabatea, and Palmyra, the novel stars Marcus Didius Falco, informer and imperial agent. The title refers to the hunt undertaken by Falco for a murderer, the last act of which takes place in Palmyra, as well as plays upon Falco's temporary employment as a playwright with a travelling theatre group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "paragraph_text": "Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, whereby executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Legislative power is vested in both the Council of Ministers and the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Members of the Parliamentary Assembly are chosen according to a proportional representation system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Secondary forest", "paragraph_text": "Secondary forestation is common in areas where forests have been lost by the slash-and-burn method, a component of some shifting cultivation systems of agriculture. Secondary forests may also arise from forest that has been harvested heavily or over a long period of time, forest that is naturally regenerating from fire and from abandoned pastures or areas of agriculture. It takes a secondary forest typically forty to 100 years to begin to resemble the original old-growth forest; however, in some cases a secondary forest will not succeed, due to erosion or soil nutrient loss in certain tropical forests.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Estanislau da Silva", "paragraph_text": "After Timor Leste achieved independence in 2002, Da Silva was appointed as the country's first Minister for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. On 10 July 2006, he was sworn in as the First Deputy Prime Minister of Timor Leste. He was sworn in as the acting Prime Minister on 19 May 2007 to replace José Ramos-Horta who had been elected President of the young nation. He left office when Xanana Gusmão was sworn in as Prime Minister on 8 August 2007, following the June 2007 parliamentary election.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Senzeni Zokwana", "paragraph_text": "Senzeni Zokwana is a South African politician. He is a Member of Parliament and currently serving as the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, having been appointed by President Jacob Zuma in May 2014. He previously served as the President of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Aaldonk", "paragraph_text": "Aaldonk is a small area with just a dozen houses; it is part of the municipality of Gennep (in the province of Limburg, the Netherlands). Most of the area is agricultural and it is closely linked to the nearby village of Ottersum and on the other side to 'de Panoven', another agricultural area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Prime Minister of Iraq", "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. The Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority. Nouri al - Maliki (formerly Jawad al - Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014 al - Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al - Abadi to take his place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Group Areas Act", "paragraph_text": "Group Areas Act was the title of three acts of the Parliament of South Africa enacted under the apartheid government of South Africa. The acts assigned racial groups to different residential and business sections in urban areas in a system of urban apartheid. An effect of the law was to exclude non-Whites from living in the most developed areas, which were restricted to Whites (e.g., Sea Point, Lansdowne, Cape Town, Claremont, Cape Town). It caused many non-Whites to have to commute large distances from their homes in order to be able to work. The law led to non-Whites being forcibly removed for living in the ``wrong ''areas. The non-white majority were given much smaller areas (e.g., Tongaat, Grassy Park) to live in than the white minority who owned most of the country. Pass Laws required that non-Whites carry pass books, and later 'reference books' (similar to passports) to enter the 'white' parts of the country.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Minister responsible for Official Languages (Canada)", "paragraph_text": "The Minister responsible for Official Languages is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is entrusted with the enforcement of the Official Languages Act, ensuring that government services are available in both English and French, protecting minority language rights, particularly in the area of education, and promoting bilingualism throughout Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Group Areas Act", "paragraph_text": "Group Areas Act, 1950 Act to provide for the establishment of group areas, for the control of the acquisition of immovable property and the occupation of land and premises, and for matters incidental thereto. Citation Act No. 41 of 1950 Enacted by Parliament of South Africa Date passed 7 July 1950 Date of Royal Assent 24 June 1950 Date commenced 30 March 1951 (Cape, Transvaal, Natal) 31 October 1952 (O.F.S.) Date repealed 1 November 1957 Administered by Minister of the Interior Repealing legislation Group Areas Act, 1957 Status: Repealed", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Fidelia Njeze", "paragraph_text": "Fidelia Akuabata Njeze (born 8 June 1964) is the current Nigerian Ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Njeze was previously appointed Nigerian minister of Aviation on 6 April 2010, when Acting President Goodluck Jonathan announced his new cabinet. Before that appointment, she served as Minister of State for Agriculture and Water Resources and also Minister of State for Defence in the cabinet of late President Umaru Yar'Adua.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "United States Secretary of Agriculture", "paragraph_text": "The United States Secretary of Agriculture is the head of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The current Secretary of Agriculture is former Georgia Governor Sonny Perdue. Perdue took office on April 25, 2017 after being confirmed by the U.S Senate 87 - 11. The position carries similar responsibilities to those of agriculture ministers in other governments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Freemasonry", "paragraph_text": "In 1799, English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation. In the wake of the French Revolution, the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation. The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called on Prime Minister William Pitt (who was not a Freemason) and explained to him that Freemasonry was a supporter of the law and lawfully constituted authority and was much involved in charitable work. As a result, Freemasonry was specifically exempted from the terms of the Act, provided that each private lodge's Secretary placed with the local \"Clerk of the Peace\" a list of the members of his lodge once a year. This continued until 1967 when the obligation of the provision was rescinded by Parliament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Norfolk County Fair and Horse Show", "paragraph_text": "The Norfolk County Fair and Horse Show is an annual agricultural fair that takes place in the town of Simcoe, Ontario, Canada. This festivities begin on the Tuesday before Thanksgiving and ends on the Canadian Thanksgiving Monday. The official organizers for this annual event are the \"Norfolk County Agricultural Society\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ilmari Auer", "paragraph_text": "Auer was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1919–1922 and 1924–1927 representing the National Progressive Party. He was again in the Parliament from 1929–1930, this time representing the Agrarian Party. On all three occasions, Auer was elected from the constituency of Uusimaa Province. He was 2nd Minister of Agriculture in the cabinet of Lauri Ingman in 1924 and became Minister of Agriculture after the Agrarian Party withdrew from the cabinet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development", "paragraph_text": "NABARD was established on the recommendations of B. Sivaraman Committee, (by Act 61, 1981 of Parliament) on 12 July 1982 to implement the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act 1981. It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of India, and Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC). It is one of the premier agencies providing developmental credit in rural areas. NABARD is India's specialised bank for Agriculture and Rural Development in India.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 66162, "question": "where did the group areas act take place", "answer": "South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 50225, "question": "who is the minister of agriculture in #1", "answer": "Senzeni Zokwana", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Babel (film)", "paragraph_text": "Stranded without food and water, Amelia and the children are forced to spend the night in the desert. Realizing that they will all die if she cannot get help, Amelia leaves the children behind to find someone, ordering them not to move. She eventually finds a US Border Patrol officer. After he places Amelia under arrest, she and the officer travel back to where she had left the children, but they are not there. Amelia is taken back to a Border Patrol station, where she is eventually informed that the children have been found and that Richard, while outraged, has agreed not to press charges. However, she is told she will be deported from the US where she has been working illegally. Her plea that she has been in the US for 16 years and has looked after the children (whom she considers \"her children\") for their entire lives does not secure lenient treatment. Amelia meets her son on the Mexican side of the Tijuana crossing, still in the red dress she wore for the wedding, now torn and dirty from her time in the desert.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "How Long Will My Baby Be Gone", "paragraph_text": "\"How Long Will My Baby Be Gone\" is a 1968 song written and recorded by Buck Owens. \"How Long Will My Baby Be Gone\" was the last of eight number ones on the country chart in a row for Buck Owens. The single spent a single week at number one and a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. The song is still performed at the Country Bear Jamboree attraction at certain Disney parks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Prevalence of circumcision", "paragraph_text": "The prevalence of circumcision is the percentage of males in a given population who have been circumcised. The rates vary widely by country, from 1% in Japan, to 2% in Spain and Sweden, to 58% in the United States, to more than 80% in Muslim - majority countries. Worldwide it is estimated that 25% to 33% of males are circumcised, by various sources.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Muppet Babies (1984 TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Greg Berg -- Baby Fozzie, Baby Scooter, Dr. Julius Strangepork (archive footage, ep. 107) Barbara Billingsley -- Nanny Dave Coulier (1986 -- 1991) -- Baby Animal, Baby Bunsen, Baby Bean Bunny, Baby Janice, Uncle Statler and Waldorf, Camilla (occasionally), Himself (ep. 91) Katie Leigh -- Baby Rowlf, Mrs. Mitchell Howie Mandel (1984 -- 1985) -- Baby Skeeter, Baby Animal, Baby Bunsen Laurie O'Brien -- Baby Piggy Russi Taylor -- Baby Gonzo, Baby Robin, Aunt Fanny, and Camilla (occasionally) Frank Welker -- Baby Kermit, Baby Beaker, Baby Skeeter (1986 -- 1991), Camilla, Irma / Charlie (ep. 12), The Chief Inspector of Scotland Yard (ep. 31), Polly the parrot (ep. 38), Adult Kermit (looped dialogue, ep. 45), Bosko the Snowman (ep. 100)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Covenant (biblical)", "paragraph_text": "The covenant found in Genesis 12 -- 17 is known as the Brit bein HaBetarim, the ``Covenant Between the Parts ''in Hebrew, and is the basis for brit milah (covenant of circumcision) in Judaism. The covenant was for Abraham and his seed, or offspring, both of natural birth and adoption.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "Greece has universal health care. In a 2000 World Health Organization report, its health care system ranked 14th in overall performance of 191 countries surveyed. In a 2013 Save the Children report, Greece was ranked the 19th best country (out of 176 countries surveyed) for the state of mothers and newborn babies. In 2010, there were 138 hospitals with 31,000 beds in the country, but on 1 July 2011, the Ministry for Health and Social Solidarity announced its plans to decrease the number to 77 hospitals with 36,035 beds, as a necessary reform to reduce expenses and further enhance healthcare standards.[disputed – discuss] Greece's healthcare expenditures as a percentage of GDP were 9.6% in 2007 according to a 2011 OECD report, just above the OECD average of 9.5%. The country has the largest number of doctors-to-population ratio of any OECD country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Here Comes My Baby (Dottie West song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Here Comes My Baby\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West. It was released in June 1964 as the first single and title track from the album \"Here Comes My Baby\". West wrote the song with her then-husband Bill.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by refugee ships such as the SS Walnut. On 12 January 1949, the Soviet Council of Ministers issued a decree \"on the expulsion and deportation\" from Baltic states of \"all kulaks and their families, the families of bandits and nationalists\", and others.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "History of circumcision", "paragraph_text": "Infant circumcision was taken up in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and the English - speaking parts of Canada. Although it is difficult to determine historical circumcision rates, one estimate of infant circumcision rates in the United States holds that 30% of newborn American boys were being circumcised in 1900, 55% in 1925, and 72% in 1950.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)", "paragraph_text": "The Benedictus (also Song of Zechariah or Canticle of Zachary), given in Gospel of Luke 1: 68 - 79, is one of the three canticles in the opening chapters of this Gospel, the other two being the ``Magnificat ''and the`` Nunc dimittis''. The Benedictus was the song of thanksgiving uttered by Zechariah on the occasion of the circumcision of his son, John the Baptist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Guinea-Bissau", "paragraph_text": "Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Islam in India", "paragraph_text": "Country Population Percentage Indonesia 225,000,000 12.65% Pakistan 204,097,000 11.00% India 189,000,000 10.97% Bangladesh 148,607,000 9.18% Egypt 80,024,000 4.94% World 1,619,300,000 100%", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Circumcision", "paragraph_text": "Evidence suggests that circumcision was practiced in the Arabian Peninsula by the 4th millennium BCE, when the Sumerians and the Semites moved into the area that is modern-day Iraq. The earliest historical record of circumcision comes from Egypt, in the form of an image of the circumcision of an adult carved into the tomb of Ankh-Mahor at Saqqara, dating to about 2400–2300 BCE. Circumcision was done by the Egyptians possibly for hygienic reasons, but also was part of their obsession with purity and was associated with spiritual and intellectual development. No well-accepted theory explains the significance of circumcision to the Egyptians, but it appears to have been endowed with great honor and importance as a rite of passage into adulthood, performed in a public ceremony emphasizing the continuation of family generations and fertility. It may have been a mark of distinction for the elite: the Egyptian Book of the Dead describes the sun god Ra as having circumcised himself.Though secular scholars consider the story to be literary and not historical, circumcision features prominently in the Hebrew Bible. The narrative in Genesis chapter 17 describes the circumcision of Abraham and his relatives and slaves. In the same chapter, Abraham's descendants are commanded to circumcise their sons on the eighth day of life as part of a covenant with God.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Baby's Gotten Good at Goodbye", "paragraph_text": "\"Baby's Gotten Good at Goodbye\" is a song written by Tony Martin and Troy Martin, and recorded by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in December 1988 as the first single from the album \"Beyond the Blue Neon\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "My Baby Thinks He's a Train", "paragraph_text": "``My Baby Thinks He's a Train ''is a song written by Leroy Preston, and recorded by American country music artist Rosanne Cash. It was released in August 1981 as the second single from the album Seven Year Ache.`` My Baby Thinks He's a Train'' was Rosanne Cash's second number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "FGM was outlawed in the UK by the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985, which made it an offence to perform FGM on children or adults. The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005 made it an offence to arrange FGM outside the country for British citizens or permanent residents, whether or not it is lawful in the country to which the girl is taken.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Back in Baby's Arms", "paragraph_text": "Back in Baby's Arms is the thirteenth studio album by American country artist Connie Smith. The album was released in October 1969 and was produced by Bob Ferguson. It was Smith's third and final album released in 1969.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Palmer Raids", "paragraph_text": "The Palmer Raids were a series of raids conducted by the United States Department of Justice to capture and arrest suspected radical leftists, especially anarchists, and deport them from the United States. The raids and arrests occurred in November 1919 and January 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer. Though more than 500 foreign citizens were deported, including a number of prominent leftist leaders, Palmer's efforts were largely frustrated by officials at the U.S. Department of Labor, which had authority for deportations and objected to Palmer's methods.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Dirty Dancing", "paragraph_text": "In the summer of 1963, 17 - year - old Frances ``Baby ''Houseman (Jennifer Grey) is vacationing with her affluent family at Kellerman's, a resort in the Catskill Mountains. Baby is the younger of two daughters, and plans to attend Mount Holyoke College to study economics in underdeveloped countries and then enter the Peace Corps. Her father, Jake (Jerry Orbach), is the doctor and friend of Max Kellerman (Jack Weston), the resort proprietor. Baby is befriended by Max's grandson Neil (Lonny Price). Baby develops a crush on the resort's dance instructor, Johnny Castle (Patrick Swayze). Johnny is the leader of the resort's working - class entertainment staff. Baby encounters Johnny's cousin Billy on a walk through the resort grounds, and helps him carry watermelons to the staff quarters. The staff hold secret after - hours parties in their quarters, and Baby is surprised by the`` dirty dancing'' they engage in. Intrigued, Baby receives a brief, impromptu dance lesson from Johnny.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Diane Guerrero", "paragraph_text": "Diane Guerrero (born July 21, 1986) is an American actress and author. She is known for her roles as inmate Maritza Ramos on the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black and Lina on Jane the Virgin. Among her other roles was a recurring role on Are We There Yet? Guerrero grew up in Boston and remained there after the rest of her family was deported to Colombia. She is an advocate for immigration reform. Her role on Orange Is the New Black has contributed to three consecutive wins for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series. Guerrero is the author of In the Country We Love: My Family Divided, a memoir about her parents being detained and deported when she was fourteen.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160744, "question": "From what country will she be deported?", "answer": "US", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 66342, "question": "what percentage of babies are circumcised in the #1", "answer": "58%", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005 film)", "paragraph_text": "The film ends with the couple meeting the marriage counselor (William Fichtner) again, where the Smiths state how much their marriage has thrived, with John encouraging him to ask for an update on their sex lives (to which he silently answers ``10 '').", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands", "paragraph_text": "As early as the mid-1980s, a group of gay rights activists, headed by Henk Krol – then editor-in-chief of the Gay Krant – asked the Government to allow same-sex couples to marry. Parliament decided in 1995 to create a special commission, which was to investigate the possibility of same-sex marriages. At that moment, the Christian Democrats (Christian Democratic Appeal) were not part of the ruling coalition for the first time since the introduction of full democracy. The special commission finished its work in 1997 and concluded that civil marriage should be extended to include same-sex couples. After the election of 1998, the Government promised to tackle the issue. In September 2000, the final legislation draft was debated in the Dutch Parliament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "Gay rights have increased substantially in the past years. On 31 May 2010, Portugal became the sixth country in Europe and the eighth country in the world to legally recognize same-sex marriage on the national level. The law came into force on 5 June 2010. Same-sex adoption is allowed since 1 March 2016 as is female same-sex couple access to medically assisted reproduction since 13 May 2016. This bill was adopted by the Parliament and signed by President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa. As of January 2017 the New Law of Gender Identity, simplified the process of gender and name change for transgender people, making it easier for minors to change their gender identity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Same-sex marriage in Sweden", "paragraph_text": "On 27 October 2007, the Moderate Party formally backed same-sex marriages, meaning that the Christian Democrats would be the only party to oppose the law. Göran Hägglund, the leader of the Christian Democrats, stated on Swedish Radio, \"my position is that I have been tasked by the party to argue that marriage is for men and women. … When we discuss it between parties we are naturally open and sensitive to each other's arguments and we'll see if we can find a line that allows us to come together.\"On 12 December 2007, the Church of Sweden gave the green light for same-sex couples to wed in the church, but recommended the term marriage be restricted to opposite-sex couples. It was asked by the Government for its opinion on the matter before the introduction of legislation in early 2008. \"Marriage and (same-sex) partnerships are equivalent forms of unions. Therefore the Church of Sweden's central board says yes to the proposal to join the legislation for marriages and partnerships into a single law,\" the Church said in a statement. \"According to the Church of Sweden's board the word 'marriage' should, however, only be used for the relationship between a woman and a man,\" it said.On 14 January 2008, two leading politicians in the Christian Democrats took a position against the party and started to support same-sex marriage.Reports suggested the Government would table its same-sex marriage bill in early 2008, however, they had yet to propose a bill. This was likely due to the Christian Democrats' opposition from within the four-party centre-right governing coalition despite their being the only party opposing the move. After negotiations on a compromise broke down and facing a parliamentary ultimatum in late October 2008, the Government prepared to present its bill to a free vote.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Same-sex marriage in Sweden", "paragraph_text": "On 22 October 2009, the governing board of the Church of Sweden, voted 176–62 in favour of allowing its priests to wed same-sex couples in new gender-neutral church ceremonies, including the use of the term marriage. Same-sex marriages have been performed by the church since 1 November 2009.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "In 2002, businessman Phil Bredesen was elected as the 48th governor. Also in 2002, Tennessee amended the state constitution to allow for the establishment of a lottery. Tennessee's Bob Corker was the only freshman Republican elected to the United States Senate in the 2006 midterm elections. The state constitution was amended to reject same-sex marriage. In January 2007, Ron Ramsey became the first Republican elected as Speaker of the State Senate since Reconstruction, as a result of the realignment of the Democratic and Republican parties in the South since the late 20th century, with Republicans now elected by conservative voters, who previously had supported Democrats.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Interracial marriage", "paragraph_text": "Interracial marriage is a form of marriage outside a specific social group (exogamy) involving spouses who belong to different socially - defined races or racialized ethnicities. In the past, it was outlawed in the United States of America and in South Africa as miscegenation. It became legal in the entire United States in 1967 when the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in the case Loving v. Virginia that race - based restrictions on marriages violated the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Will Smith", "paragraph_text": "Smith donated $4,600 to the 2008 presidential campaign of Democrat Barack Obama. On December 11, 2009, Smith and his wife hosted the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway to celebrate Obama's winning of the prize.In 2012, Smith stated he supported legalizing same-sex marriage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Americano (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Americano\" is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga, taken from her second studio album, \"Born This Way\" (2011). The song was written and produced by Gaga with DJ White Shadow and Fernando Garibay. \"Americano\" was influenced by the events surrounding the repeal of the controversial California Proposition 8—a ballot proposition that defined marriage as a union between opposite-sex couples, thereby prohibiting and invalidating same-sex marriage throughout the state—as well as the growing struggles of Mexican immigrants. It combines mariachi, house, and techno genres with elements from Latin music. Lyrically, the song talks about a lesbian themed romantic relationship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "History of same-sex marriage in Australia", "paragraph_text": "The history of same - sex marriage in Australia includes its express prohibition by the Howard Government in 2004 and its eventual legalisation by the Parliament in December 2017. Although a same - sex marriage law was passed by the Australian Capital Territory in 2013, it was struck down by the High Court on the basis of inconsistency with federal law. The Court's decision closed the possibility of concurrent state or territory laws that would allow same - sex marriage where federal law did not. A law legalising same - sex marriage passed the Parliament on 7 December 2017 and received royal assent the following day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Defense of Marriage Act", "paragraph_text": "The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) (Pub. L. 104 -- 199, 110 Stat. 2419, enacted September 21, 1996, 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C) was a United States federal law that, prior to being ruled unconstitutional, defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman, and allowed states to refuse to recognize same - sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013 (United States v. Windsor), DOMA, in conjunction with other statutes, had barred same - sex married couples from being recognized as ``spouses ''for purposes of federal laws, effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits. DOMA's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same - sex marriage, but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same - sex couples.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "David Blankenhorn", "paragraph_text": "David Blankenhorn (born 1955 in Jackson, Mississippi) is the founder and president of the Institute for American Values, co-director of The Marriage Opportunity Council, and the author of \"Fatherless America\" and \"The Future of Marriage\". A noted figure in the campaign against same-sex marriage in the United States, his position changed and he voiced support of legalizing same-sex marriage in June 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands", "paragraph_text": "Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands has been legal since 1 April 2001. The Netherlands was the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Amalie Schoppe", "paragraph_text": "Her friends included Rosa Maria Assing, Justinus Kerner and Adelbert von Chamisso, along with the young poet Friedrich Hebbel, whom she introduced to patrons and allowed to use her study. From 1827 to 1846 she edited the Pariser Modeblätter as well writing literary articles for it. She also wrote for several other magazines and from 1831 to 1839 edited the young peoples' magazine Iduna. From 1842 to 1845 she lived in Jena, before moving back to Hamburg and finally in 1851 to the United States of America with her son, where she died aged 66 in Schenectady, New York", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Same-sex marriage in the Republic of Ireland", "paragraph_text": "Same - sex marriage has been legal in Ireland since 16 November 2015. A referendum on 22 May 2015 amended the Constitution of Ireland to provide that marriage is recognised irrespective of the sex of the partners. The measure was signed into law by the President of Ireland as the Thirty - fourth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland on 29 August 2015. The Marriage Act 2015, passed by the Oireachtas on 22 October 2015 and signed into law by the Presidential Commission on 29 October 2015, gave legislative effect to the amendment. Marriages of same - sex couples in Ireland began being recognised from 16 November 2015 and the first marriage ceremonies of same - sex couples in Ireland occurred on 17 November 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly. In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy. In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Equality Maryland", "paragraph_text": "Equality Maryland (EQMD) is a non-profit organization formerly headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland, now based in Baltimore. It is the largest organization in Maryland whose activities focus on advocacy and education with regard to LGBT social and political movements. Its mission includes: the passage of laws prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender expression, and gender identity; the expansion of Maryland's hate-crimes statute; the increase of domestic partner benefits; the legal recognition of same-sex marriage in Maryland and laws banning the practice of conversion therapy on minors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Noah's Arc (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Noah's Arc is an American cable television dramedy. The series, which predominantly features gay black and Latino characters, focused on many socially relevant issues, including same sex dating, same-sex marriage, same-sex parenthood, HIV and AIDS awareness, infidelity, promiscuity, homophobia, gay bashing. It ran from October 19, 2005, to October 4, 2006. After its cancellation, a film was produced entitled \"\", which was released theatrically in 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Same-sex marriage in New Zealand", "paragraph_text": "During the 2005 election, Prime Minister Helen Clark stated that she thought it was discriminatory to exclude same-sex couples from the Marriage Act 1955, but said she would not push to change it.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 157791, "question": "In what state did the writer die?", "answer": "New York", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 1960, "question": "Same-sex marriage became legal on what date in #1 ?", "answer": "June 24, 2011", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Amy Spindler", "paragraph_text": "Amy M. Spindler (1963, Michigan City, Indiana – 27 February 2004, New York City) was an American journalist who had been style editor of \"The New York Times Magazine\". She died of a brain tumor in 2004 at the age of 40 in Manhattan, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Amy Isabella Johnston", "paragraph_text": "Amy Isabella Johnston (5 April 1872–17 September 1908) was a New Zealand dentist. She was born in Greymouth, West Coast, New Zealand on 5 April 1872.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Quneitra Governorate", "paragraph_text": "Quneitra Governorate ( / ALA-LC: \"Muḥāfaẓat Al-Qunayṭrah\") is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in southern Syria, notable for the location of the Golan Heights. The governorate borders the countries of Lebanon, Jordan and Israel, and the Syrian governorates of Daraa and Rif Dimashq. Its area varies, according to different sources, from 685 km² to 1,861 km². The governorate had a population of 87,000 at the 2010 estimate. The nominal capital is the now abandoned city of Quneitra, destroyed by Israel before their withdrawal in June 1974 in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War; since 1986, the \"de facto\" capital is Ba'ath City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chief minister (India)", "paragraph_text": "a citizen of India. should be a member of the state legislature. If a person is elected chief minister who is not a member of the legislature, then he / she must take sign from governor. of 25 years of age or more", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Amy Nicoletto", "paragraph_text": "Amy Nicoletto (born in southern New Jersey) is an American tattoo artist and television personality most known for her appearances as a tattoo artist on the TLC reality television show \"LA Ink\". Her name is sometimes misspelled as Nicoletti or Nicoletta.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "2019 Mississippi gubernatorial election", "paragraph_text": "The 2019 Mississippi gubernatorial election will take place on November 5, 2019 to choose the next Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Republican Governor Phil Bryant is ineligible to run for a third term due to term limits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Mykhailo Hrechyna", "paragraph_text": "Mykhailo Hrechyna was born in the village of Budyshche, Kiev Governorate (Russian Empire), today it's the village of Cherkasy Raion around the city of Cherkasy. In 1930 he graduated from the architect department of the Kiev Art Institute (today, National Academy of visual arts and architecture).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Kiran Bedi", "paragraph_text": "Kiran Bedi (born 9 June 1949) is a retired Indian Police Service officer, social activist, former tennis player and politician who is the current Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry. She is the first woman to join the Indian Police Service (IPS). She remained in service for 35 years before taking voluntary retirement in 2007 as Director General, Bureau of Police Research and Development.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Gone Girl (novel)", "paragraph_text": "When Nick and Amy both lose their jobs in New York, they relocate to Nick's hometown in Missouri to help take care of Nick's sick mother. This causes their marriage to take a turn -- Amy loved their life in New York and hates living in the midwest, and she soon begins to resent Nick for making her move to his hometown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "6th of October Governorate", "paragraph_text": "The 6th of October Governorate was split from the Giza Governorate on 17 April 2008. It was created through a presidential decree in order to ease the burden placed on Giza, one of Egypt's most densely populated governorates. The 6th of October City became the capital of the 6th of October Governorate, which was mostly made up of recently established planned communities such as the Sheikh Zayed City. On 14 April 2011, prime minister Essam Sharaf dissolved the 6th of October Governorate and reincorporated its territory into the Giza Governorate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Francisco Cajigal de la Vega", "paragraph_text": "He was governor of Cuba in 1760 at the time of the death of the previous viceroy, Agustín de Ahumada. The Audiencia possessed sealed orders to be opened on the death of Ahumada, and these named Cajigal to fill the position on an interim basis. He sailed from Havana for Veracruz on March 28, 1760. He remained in Veracruz a few days awaiting the arrival of the vehicle intended to take him to Mexico City. He made his solemn entry into Mexico City on April 28, 1760 and took up the government.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "The Pregnant Widow", "paragraph_text": "The Pregnant Widow is a novel by the English writer Martin Amis, published by Jonathan Cape on 4 February 2010. Its theme is the feminist revolution, which Amis sees as incomplete and bewildering for women, echoing the view of the 19th-century Russian writer, Alexander Herzen, that revolution is \"a long night of chaos and desolation\". The \"pregnant widow\", a phrase taken from Herzen's \"From the other shore\" (1848–1850), is the point at which the old order has given way, the new one not yet born. Amis said in 2007 that \"consciousness is not revolutionised by the snap of a finger. And feminism, I reckon, is about halfway through its second trimester.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Minnesota State Capitol", "paragraph_text": "The Minnesota State Capitol is the seat of government for the U.S. state of Minnesota, in its capital city of Saint Paul. It houses the Minnesota Senate, Minnesota House of Representatives, the office of the Attorney General and the office of the Governor. The building also includes a chamber for the Minnesota Supreme Court, although court activities usually take place in the neighboring Minnesota Judicial Center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "António de Albuquerque Coelho", "paragraph_text": "António de Albuquerque Coelho was the Governor of Macau from 1718-1719 and Colonial Governor of Portuguese Timor appointed in 1722. He almost did not make it to Macau as the captain of the ship that was to take him to Macau left him in Goa instead. Later, in East Timor, he was besieged by Topasses during his three years of services there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Damietta Governorate", "paragraph_text": "Damietta Governorate ( \"\") is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, and has a population of over 1 million. Its capital is the city of Damietta.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Cincinnati", "paragraph_text": "The present Mayor of Cincinnati is John Cranley. The nine-member city council is composed of Vice Mayor Christopher Smitherman and Councilmembers Tamaya Dennard (President Pro-Tem), David Mann, Amy Murray, Chris Seelbach, P.G. Sittenfeld, Greg Landsman, Jeff Pastor, and Wendell Young. The city manager is Harry Black, and the manager maintains two assistant city managers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Kazan Governorate", "paragraph_text": "The Kazan Governorate (; ; , \"Husan kĕperniĕ\"), or the Government of Kazan, was a governorate (a \"guberniya\") of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR from 1708–1920, with its seat in the city of Kazan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Cherepovets Governorate", "paragraph_text": "Cherepovets Governorate (, \"Cherepovetskaya guberniya\") was a governorate (\"guberniya\") of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1927. Its seat was in the city of Cherepovets. The governorate was located in the North of European Russia, and its territory is currently divided between Vologda, Novgorod, and Leningrad Oblasts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Stevens T. Mason", "paragraph_text": "Stevens Thomson Mason (October 27, 1811January 4, 1843) was an American politician who served as the first Governor of Michigan from 1835 to 1840. Coming to political prominence at an early age, Mason was appointed his territory's acting Territorial Secretary by Andrew Jackson at 19, becoming the acting territorial governor soon thereafter in 1834 at 22. As territorial governor, Mason was instrumental in guiding Michigan to statehood, which was secured in 1837. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected as Michigan's first state governor in 1835, where he served until 1840. Elected at 23 and taking office at 24, Mason was and remains the youngest state governor in American history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Zarqa Governorate", "paragraph_text": "Zarqa Governorate (Arabic \"محافظة الزرقاء\" \"Muħāfazat az-Zarqāʔ\", local dialects \"ez-Zergā\" or \"ez-Zer'a\") is the third largest governorate in Jordan by population. The capital of Zarqa governorate is Zarqa City, which is the largest city in the governorate. It is located east of the Jordanian capital Amman. The second largest city in the governorate is Russeifa.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 144059, "question": "In what city was Amy Nicoletto born?", "answer": "New Jersey", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 67119, "question": "when does the #1 governor take over", "answer": "January 16, 2018", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Franklin Matthias", "paragraph_text": "Franklin Thompson Matthias (13 March 1908 – 3 December 1993) was an American civil engineer who directed construction of the Hanford nuclear site, a key facility of the Manhattan Project during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Barajas (archaeological site)", "paragraph_text": "Barajas is an archaeological site located in the municipality of Pénjamo, Guanajuato, Mexico, which includes a large complex of approximately 15 archeological sites in good preservation state, built on a small volcanic massif in the Bajío,", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Schicker Mound", "paragraph_text": "Schicker Mound is a Native American archaeological site located near Tallulah, Louisiana, United States. It is located very close to suburban houses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site", "paragraph_text": "Puukoholā Heiau National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located on the northwestern coast of the island of Hawaii. The site preserves the National Historic Landmark ruins of the last major Ancient Hawaiian temple, and other historic sites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "World Heritage Sites by country", "paragraph_text": "As of July 2017, there are a total of 1,073 World Heritage Sites located in 167 ``States Parties ''Of the 1,073 sites, 832 are cultural, 206 are natural and 35 are mixed properties. The countries have been divided by the World Heritage Committee into five geographic zones: Africa, Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and North America, and Latin America and the Caribbean. The country with the most number of sites (including sites shared with other countries) is Italy, with 53 entries. The country with the most number of sites by itself alone (excluding sites shared with other countries) is China, with 51 entries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Columbia, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "The site was chosen as the new state capital in 1786, due to its central location in the state. The State Legislature first met there in 1790. After remaining under the direct government of the legislature for the first two decades of its existence, Columbia was incorporated as a village in 1805 and then as a city in 1854.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "United States Secretary of State", "paragraph_text": "The Secretary of State is nominated by the President of the United States and, following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, is confirmed by the United States Senate. The Secretary of State, along with the Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Defense, and Attorney General, are generally regarded as the four most important Cabinet members because of the importance of their respective departments. Secretary of State is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level (currently $205,700).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "United States Department of State", "paragraph_text": "The Department is led by the Secretary of State, who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate and is a member of the Cabinet. The current Secretary of State is Rex Tillerson, beginning 1 February 2017. The Secretary of State is the first Cabinet official in the order of precedence and in the presidential line of succession, after the President pro tempore of the Senate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Illinois Secretary of State", "paragraph_text": "The Secretary of State of Illinois is one of the six elected executive state offices of the government of Illinois, and one of the 47 secretaries of states in the United States. The Illinois Secretary of State keeps the state records, laws, library, and archives, and is the state's corporation registration, vehicle registration and driver licensing authority. The current Secretary of State is Jesse White, a Democrat who took office in 1999.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Oregon Blue Book", "paragraph_text": "The Oregon Blue Book is the official directory and fact book for the U.S. state of Oregon prepared by the Oregon Secretary of State and published by the Office of the Secretary's Archives Division.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Gordon Tract Archeological Site", "paragraph_text": "The Gordon Tract is a late Woodland period archeological site located on the floodplain and bluffs of Hinkson Creek near Columbia, Missouri, United States, which contains the remains of a prehistoric village and mounds. Radiocarbon dating of material obtained from the site gave dates of 1017 and 1112 C.E. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The exact location of the site is restricted to protect the remains from harm. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources lists the site in Grindstone Nature Area, a city park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Alex Haley House and Museum", "paragraph_text": "Alex Haley House and Museum State Historic Site is one of the Tennessee Historical Commission's state-owned historic sites and is located in Henning, Tennessee, United States. It is open to the public and partially funded by an agreement with the Tennessee Historical Commission. It was originally known as W. E. Palmer House and was the boyhood home of author Alex Haley. He was buried on the grounds. The home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 2010, the site debuted the state-funded Alex Haley Museum and Interpretive Center which features a museum and interpretive center (designed by architect Louis Pounders) with exhibitions covering Haley's life.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "President of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Not be a secretary of state or under-secretary of state, attorney general, governor of a State, or head of the government of Mexico City, unless \"separated from the post\" (resigned or been granted permanent leave of absence) at least six months prior to the election.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mark Ritchie", "paragraph_text": "Mark Ritchie was elected Minnesota's Secretary of State in the November 2006 General Election. He was supported by the Secretary of State Project, a progressive organization formed in response to the 2000 presidential election.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs", "paragraph_text": "The Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs is the head of the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs within the United States Department of State. The Assistant Secretary guides operation of the U.S. diplomatic establishment in the countries of the Asia - Pacific region and advises the Secretary of State and the Under Secretary for Political Affairs on matters relating to the area. The last permanent Assistant Secretary was Daniel R. Russel, who left on March 8, 2017. Susan Thornton is now Acting Assistant Secretary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Secretary of State of California", "paragraph_text": "The Secretary of State of California is the chief clerk of the U.S. State of California, overseeing a department of 500 people. The Secretary of State is elected for four year terms, like the state's other constitutional officers, and is restricted by term limits to only two terms. The current Secretary of State, Alex Padilla, took office on January 5, 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "James Forrestal", "paragraph_text": "James Vincent Forrestal (February 15, 1892 -- May 22, 1949) was the last Cabinet - level United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United States Secretary of Defense.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Casa Chiquita", "paragraph_text": "Casa Chiquita (\"Small House\") is a Ancestral Puebloan great house and archaeological site located in Chaco Canyon, northwestern New Mexico, United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "United States Secretary of State", "paragraph_text": "The Secretary of State is nominated by the President of the United States and, following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, is confirmed by the United States Senate. The Secretary of State, along with the Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Defense, and Attorney General, are generally regarded as the four most important Cabinet members because of the importance in their respective departments. Secretary of State is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level (currently $205,700).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Counselor of the United States Department of State", "paragraph_text": "The Counselor of the United States Department of State is a position within the United States Department of State that serves the Secretary of State as a special advisor and consultant on major problems of foreign policy and who provides guidance to the appropriate bureaus with respect to such matters. The Counselor conducts special international negotiations and consultations, and also undertakes special assignments from time to time, as directed by the Secretary. Currently, the Counselor holds under law a rank equivalent to that of Under Secretary of State. Unlike the other Under Secretaries of State, the Counselor currently does not require Senate confirmation.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 130686, "question": "What state is Hanford Site located?", "answer": "Washington", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 70941, "question": "who is the secretary of state in #1", "answer": "Kim Wyman", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Trampled by Lambs and Pecked by the Dove", "paragraph_text": "Trampled by Lambs and Pecked by the Dove is a collection of raw tracks and song sketches written and recorded by Trey Anastasio and Phish lyricist Tom Marshall in Vermont farmhouses over four weekends in 1997. The collection was released on November 1, 2000 by Elektra Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Partition of the Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": "On the Arabian Peninsula, the Arabs were able to establish a number of independent states. In 1916 Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, established the Kingdom of Hejaz, while the Emirate of Riyadh was transformed into the Sultanate of Nejd. In 1926 the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz was formed, which in 1932 became the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen became independent in 1918, while the Arab States of the Persian Gulf became de facto British protectorates, with some internal autonomy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Total cost", "paragraph_text": "In economics and cost accounting, total cost (TC) describes the total economic cost of production and is made up of variable costs, which vary according to the quantity of a good produced and include inputs such as labor and raw materials, plus fixed costs, which are independent of the quantity of a good produced and include inputs (capital) that can not be varied in the short term, such as buildings and machinery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "History of taxation in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The history of taxation in the United States begins with the colonial protest against British taxation policy in the 1760s, leading to the American Revolution. The independent nation collected taxes on imports (``tariffs ''), whiskey, and (for a while) on glass windows. States and localities collected poll taxes on voters and property taxes on land and commercial buildings. There are state and federal excise taxes. State and federal inheritance taxes began after 1900, while the states (but not the federal government) began collecting sales taxes in the 1930s. The United States imposed income taxes briefly during the Civil War and the 1890s. In 1913, the 16th amendment was ratified.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Bhopal State", "paragraph_text": "The state was founded in 1707 CE by Dost Mohammad Khan, an Pashtun soldier in the Mughal army, who became a mercenary after the Emperor Aurangzeb's death and annexed several territories to his fiefdom. It came under the suzerainty of the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1723 shortly after its foundation. In 1737, Marathas defeated the Mughals and the Nawab of Bhopal in the Battle of Bhopal, and started collecting tribute from the state. After the defeat of the Marathas in the Third Anglo - Maratha War, Bhopal became a British princely state in 1818. Bhopal State was the second largest state in pre-independence India, with a Muslim leadership, first being Hyderabad State. The state was merged into the Union of India in 1949 as Bhopal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "Namibia follows a largely independent foreign policy, with persisting affiliations with states that aided the independence struggle, including Cuba. With a small army and a fragile economy, the Namibian Government's principal foreign policy concern is developing strengthened ties within the Southern African region. A dynamic member of the Southern African Development Community, Namibia is a vocal advocate for greater regional integration. Namibia became the 160th member of the UN on 23 April 1990. On its independence it became the fiftieth member of the Commonwealth of Nations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Swining/Red Raw & Sore", "paragraph_text": "The Swining/Red Raw & Sore (1999) is an album by Raymond Watts (PIG). \"The Swining/Red Raw & Sore\" is the American release of \"The Swining\" and \"Red Raw & Sore\" by Cleopatra Records. Each album is slightly edited (with all edits being approved by Watts), featuring the additional remix \"The Fountain of Failure\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Treaty of Paris (1783)", "paragraph_text": "This treaty and the separate peace treaties between Great Britain and the nations that supported the American cause -- France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic -- are known collectively as the Peace of Paris. Only Article 1 of the treaty, which acknowledges the United States' existence as free sovereign and independent states, remains in force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "University", "paragraph_text": "A national university is generally a university created or run by a national state but at the same time represents a state autonomic institution which functions as a completely independent body inside of the same state. Some national universities are closely associated with national cultural or political aspirations, for instance the National University of Ireland in the early days of Irish independence collected a large amount of information on the Irish language and Irish culture. Reforms in Argentina were the result of the University Revolution of 1918 and its posterior reforms by incorporating values that sought for a more equal and laic higher education system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", "paragraph_text": "For Germany, because an autarkic economic approach or an alliance with Britain were impossible, closer relations with the Soviet Union to obtain raw materials became necessary, if not just for economic reasons alone. Moreover, an expected British blockade in the event of war would create massive shortages for Germany in a number of key raw materials. After the Munich agreement, the resulting increase in German military supply needs and Soviet demands for military machinery, talks between the two countries occurred from late 1938 to March 1939. The third Soviet Five Year Plan required new infusions of technology and industrial equipment.[clarification needed] German war planners had estimated serious shortfalls of raw materials if Germany entered a war without Soviet supply.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cathare", "paragraph_text": "Cathare is a goat's milk cheese from the Languedoc-Roussillon region of France. The cheese comes in flat discs whose face is covered in charcoal powder with the Occitan cross inscribed. Under the rind, Cathare is pure white with a soft, creamy texture. Its goat-milk flavor intensifies as it ages, and reaches its prime after two to three weeks, which makes it typically unavailable in the United States, due to the Food and Drug Administration's stance that raw milk soft cheeses can pose as a health risk. The sale of raw milk cheese aged under 60 days is illegal in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Electricity Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Sala dos Cinzeiros (Ash Room) is located on the bottom floor, the area where ash from the burned and raw coal was collected. Particular emphasis is given to the hard working conditions in this space, due to the intense heat and breathing in of ash from the coal burning. But the museum content does not end here, and examples of forging, carpentry and transport, as well as the origins and types of coal, are also presented.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "NORC at the University of Chicago", "paragraph_text": "NORC at the University of Chicago is one of the largest independent social research organizations in the United States. Established in 1941 as the National Opinion Research Center, its corporate headquarters is located in downtown Chicago, with offices in several other locations throughout the United States. Organized as an independent corporation, more than half its board comes from faculty and administration of the university, it also jointly staffs some university academic research centers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Raw Energy Records", "paragraph_text": "Raw Energy Records was a Canadian independent record label, based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The music label was established in the late 1980s by founder entrepreneur and music journalist Graeme Boyce, initially to distribute the debut EP by King Apparatus, \"Loud Party\". Prior to launching Raw Energy, Boyce was a staff writer for \"RPM\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Kyrgyzstan", "paragraph_text": "Since independence, the sovereign state has officially been a unitary parliamentary republic, although it continues to endure ethnic conflicts, revolts, economic troubles, transitional governments and political conflict. Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Turkic Council, the Türksoy community and the United Nations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Dutch Republic", "paragraph_text": "The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names \"United Provinces of the Netherlands\" and \"United Netherlands\" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the \"Southern provinces\") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Come Closer, Folks", "paragraph_text": "Come Closer, Folks is a 1936 American comedy film directed by D. Ross Lederman. A print is preserved in the Library of Congress collection.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sultanate of Lahej", "paragraph_text": "Lahej was sultanate of the 'Abdali dynasty. In 1740 the 'Abdali sultan became independent. It became independent thanks to the fracturing of the Zaidi State in north Yemen. The Sultanate of Lahej became an independent entity, from 1728 to 1839.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "Out of former Soviet Union republics Uzbekistan continued and expanded the program of child labour on industrial scale to increase profits on the main source of Islam Karimov's income, cotton harvesting. In September, when school normally starts, the classes are suspended and children are sent to cotton fields for work, where they are assigned daily quotas of 20 to 60 kg of raw cotton they have to collect. This process is repeated in spring, when collected cotton needs to be hoed and weeded. In 2006 it is estimated that 2.7 million children were forced to work this way.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "History of South America", "paragraph_text": "The Spanish colonies won their independence in the first quarter of the 19th century, in the Spanish American wars of independence. Simón Bolívar (Greater Colombia, Peru, Bolivia), José de San Martín (United Provinces of the River Plate, Chile, and Peru), and Bernardo O'Higgins (Chile) led their independence struggle. Although Bolivar attempted to keep the Spanish - speaking parts of the continent politically unified, they rapidly became independent of one another.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 93271, "question": "where does stevia in the raw come from", "answer": "South America", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 93284, "question": "#1 became a collection of independent states between", "answer": "the first quarter of the 19th century", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[ "19th century" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "At the end of the Balkan Wars, the extent of Greece's territory and population had increased. In the following years, the struggle between King Constantine I and charismatic Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over the country's foreign policy on the eve of World War I dominated the country's political scene, and divided the country into two opposing groups. During parts of the First World War, Greece had two governments; a royalist pro-German government in Athens and a Venizelist pro-Britain one in Thessaloniki. The two governments were united in 1917, when Greece officially entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Pierre Frank", "paragraph_text": "At the end of the Second World War he returned to France where his current campaigned for the reunification of the French Trotskyists. He joined the leadership of the Internationalist Communist Party (PCI). At the 1948 World Congress he joined the international leadership team that included Ernest Mandel and Michel Pablo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ernest Maunoury", "paragraph_text": "Sous Lieutenant Ernest Joseph Jules Maunoury was a French flying ace during World War I. He was credited with eleven confirmed aerial victories. He survived the war, only to die in a flying accident on 21 September 1921.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Georg Henke", "paragraph_text": "Georg Henke (born Berlin 9 April 1908: died 8 December 1986) was a German Communist who involved himself in political resistance during the Nazi years, and spent most of the Second World War exiled in Sweden. He also worked as a journalist. After the war he became an East German diplomat, ending up, between 1968 and 1972, as his country's ambassador to North Korea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Dead Stay Young", "paragraph_text": "The Dead Stay Young (\"Die Toten Bleiben Jung\") is a 1949 novel by German author Anna Seghers. The book describes Communists secretly working in Germany between the end of World War I and the outbreak of World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The war to end war", "paragraph_text": "During August 1914, immediately after the outbreak of the war, British author and social commentator H.G. Wells published a number of articles in London newspapers that subsequently appeared as a book entitled The War That Will End War. Wells blamed the Central Powers for the coming of the war and argued that only the defeat of German militarism could bring about an end to war. Wells used the shorter form of the phrase, ``the war to end war '', in In the Fourth Year (1918), in which he noted that the phrase had`` got into circulation'' in the second half of 1914. In fact, it had become one of the most common catchphrases of the First World War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Imperialism", "paragraph_text": "During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia. Korea was annexed in 1910. During World War I, Japan took German-leased territories in China’s Shandong Province, as well as the Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands. In 1918, Japan occupied parts of far eastern Russia and parts of eastern Siberia as a participant in the Siberian Intervention. In 1931 Japan conquered Manchuria from China. During the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Japan's military invaded central China and by the end of the Pacific War, Japan had conquered much of the Far East, including Hong Kong, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, part of New Guinea and some islands of the Pacific Ocean. Japan also invaded Thailand, pressuring the country into a Thai/Japanese alliance. Its colonial ambitions were ended by the victory of the United States in the Second World War and the following treaties which remanded those territories to American administration or their original owners.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "At the east end of the Lady Chapel is a memorial chapel to the airmen of the RAF who were killed in the Second World War. It incorporates a memorial window to the Battle of Britain, which replaces an earlier Tudor stained glass window destroyed in the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Soviet Union–United States relations", "paragraph_text": "The relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and along with Mussolini's Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War. Following the Allied victory in the Second World War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain. The countries in Southeastern Europe were dominated by the Soviet Union and became communist states. The major non-communist Southern European countries joined a US-led military alliance (NATO) and formed the European Economic Community amongst themselves. The countries in the Soviet sphere of influence joined the military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact and the economic bloc called Comecon. Yugoslavia was neutal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Battle of France", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War. In six weeks from 10 May 1940, German forces defeated Allied forces by mobile operations and conquered France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, bringing land operations on the Western Front to an end until 6 June 1944. Italy entered the war on 10 June 1940 and attempted an invasion of France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Alfred Mayssonnié", "paragraph_text": "Alfred Mayssonnié, nicknamed \"Maysso\" (10 February 1884 – 6 September 1914), was a French rugby union player who appeared three times for the country's national team, and was also the first rugby international from any country to die in action in World War I. A native of Lavernose, a village near Toulouse, he played as scrum-half and fly-half and is credited to this day by Stade Toulousain as the strategist of the club's first great teams in the early 20th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "British Army during the Second World War", "paragraph_text": "The pre-war British Army was trained and equipped to be a small, mechanised, professional army. Its main function was to garrison the British Empire. It became evident early in the war that its initial structure and manpower was woefully unprepared and ill - equipped for a war with multiple enemies on multiple fronts. The British Army, an all - volunteer force until 1939, was small in comparison to its enemies at the start of the Second World War in 1939, as it had been in the First World War. By the end of the Second World War, however, over 3.5 million men had served in the British Army.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Fernand Bonneton", "paragraph_text": "Commandant Fernand Bonneton was a French World War I flying ace credited with nine confirmed aerial victories. He would survive the war, only to die in an aviation accident on 24 June 1922.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Canadian Armed Forces", "paragraph_text": "At the end of the Second World War, Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world, as well as the largest volunteer army ever fielded. Conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2,400 conscripts actually made it into battle. Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union, new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Michael Sionidis", "paragraph_text": "Following the end of World War I, Sionidis, as president of Matsikovo community, retrieved the remains of nine \"evzones\" whom the Bulgarians had killed during the Second Balkan War, and buried them in his village. In 1927, the \"\" renamed Matsikovo to Evzonoi in their honour. Michael Sionidis died in 1935.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Trip to Vienna", "paragraph_text": "Trip to Vienna (German: Die Reise nach Wien) is a 1973 German drama film directed by Edgar Reitz and starring Elke Sommer, Hannelore Elsner and Mario Adorf. During the closing months of the Second World War, two small-town German women discover some money in an attic and decide to spend it on a trip to Vienna.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Norman conquest of southern Italy", "paragraph_text": "On 9 May 1009, an insurrection erupted in Bari against the Catapanate of Italy, the regional Byzantine authority based there. Led by Melus, a local Lombard, the revolt quickly spread to other cities. Late that year (or early in 1010) the katepano, John Curcuas, was killed in battle. In March 1010 his successor, Basil Mesardonites, disembarked with reinforcements and besieged the rebels in the city. The Byzantine citizens negotiated with Basil and forced the Lombard leaders, Melus and his brother-in-law Dattus, to flee. Basil entered the city on 11 June 1011, reestablishing Byzantine authority. He did not follow his victory with severe sanctions, only sending Melus' family (including his son, Argyrus) to Constantinople. Basil died in 1016, after years of peace in southern Italy.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "The Great Depression ended at different times in different countries with the effect lasting into the next era. America's Great Depression ended in 1941 with America's entry into World War II. The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left or right. In some world states, the desperate citizens turned toward nationalist demagogues—the most infamous being Adolf Hitler—setting the stage for the next era of war. The convulsion brought on by the worldwide depression resulted in the rise of Nazism. In Asia, Japan became an ever more assertive power, especially with regards to China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Volvo PV51", "paragraph_text": "The Volvo PV51 is an automobile introduced by Volvo in December 1936. It was replaced by the mildly restyled PV53 in 1938. This car remained in production until the end of the Second World War.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159161, "question": "What country did Basil die?", "answer": "Italy", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 78659, "question": "when did the second world war end in #1", "answer": "July 1943", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Falls High School", "paragraph_text": "Falls High School is a public high school located in International Falls, Minnesota. The school's class ring design is the oldest class ring tradition in the United States, dating back to 1929. As of 2014 approximately 600 students attend classes in the school. Every grade level ranges from 70-100 students. In the Fall of 2014 the school changed policies and changed over from a 6 period day to a 7 period day. The students have 5 minutes between each class to maneuver to the next one.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Journal of Modern Periodical Studies", "paragraph_text": "Journal of Modern Periodical Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of modern periodicals published between 1880-1950 in the English-speaking world. The journal was established in 2010 and is published twice a year by Penn State University Press.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bayan Mandahu Formation", "paragraph_text": "The Bayan Mandahu Formation (or Wulansuhai Formation) is a geological unit of \"redbeds\" located near the village of Bayan Mandahu in Inner Mongolia, China Asia (Gobi Desert) and dates from the late Cretaceous Period. Laid down in the Campanian, it is dated somewhat uncertainly to between 75-71 mya (million years ago).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "History of Kenya", "paragraph_text": "The European and Arab presence in Mombasa dates to the Early Modern period, but European exploration of the interior began only in the 19th century. The British Empire established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, from 1920 known as the Kenya Colony.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Valampurinathar Temple", "paragraph_text": "The Valampurinathar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Siva located in Melaperumpallam, Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India. It situated close to Puhar and Thiruvenkadu. The temple dates back to the Medieval Cholas period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Most Dangerous Game", "paragraph_text": "``The Most Dangerous Game ''Author Richard Connell Country United States Language English Genre (s) Adventure fiction Published in Collier's Publication type Periodical Publication date January 19, 1924", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Bevercotes", "paragraph_text": "Bevercotes is a hamlet and civil parish in the Bassetlaw district of Nottinghamshire, England, about six miles south of East Retford and five miles north-east of Ollerton. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 28. The population remained less than 100 at the 2011 Census and is included in the civil parish of Bothamsall.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Late Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Kinal", "paragraph_text": "Kinal is a major pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site in the Petén Department of the modern-day Petén Department of northern Guatemala. The major occupational phase for the site dates from the Late Classic period of Mesoamerican chronology (c.600–900 AD), with evidence for a substantial and expansionary building program dating from the first half of the 8th century AD. Kinal was discovered in the 1960s by archaeologist Ian Graham while he was carrying out an archaeological survey of the region, although no excavations were undertaken at the site at that time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the saltbox style Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and currently the most expensive new office tower in the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kenya", "paragraph_text": "The African Great Lakes region, which Kenya is a part of, has been inhabited by humans since the Lower Paleolithic period. By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West - Central Africa. The borders of the modern state consequently comprise the crossroads of the Niger - Congo, Nilo - Saharan and Afroasiatic areas of the continent, representing most major ethnolinguistic groups found in Africa. Bantu and Nilotic populations together constitute around 97% of the nation's residents. European and Arab presence in coastal Mombasa dates to the Early Modern period; European exploration of the interior began in the 19th century. The British Empire established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, which starting in 1920 gave way to the Kenya Colony. Kenya obtained independence in December 1963, but remained a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Following a referendum in August 2010 and adoption of a new constitution, Kenya is now divided into 47 semi-autonomous counties, governed by elected governors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Yellow River", "paragraph_text": "Early Chinese literature including the Yu Gong or Tribute of Yu dating to the Warring States period (475 -- 221 BC) refers to the Yellow River as simply 河 (Old Chinese: * C. gʕaj, modern Chinese (Pinyin) Hé), a character that has come to mean ``river ''in modern usage. The first appearance of the name 黃河 (Old Chinese: * N - kwʕaŋ C. gʕaj; Middle Chinese: Huang Ha) is in the Book of Han written during the Eastern Han dynasty about the Western Han dynasty. The adjective`` yellow'' describes the perennial color of the muddy water in the lower course of the river, which arises from soil (loess) being carried downstream.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "University", "paragraph_text": "By the end of the early modern period, the structure and orientation of higher education had changed in ways that are eminently recognizable for the modern context. Aristotle was no longer a force providing the epistemological and methodological focus for universities and a more mechanistic orientation was emerging. The hierarchical place of theological knowledge had for the most part been displaced and the humanities had become a fixture, and a new openness was beginning to take hold in the construction and dissemination of knowledge that were to become imperative for the formation of the modern state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Gordon Tract Archeological Site", "paragraph_text": "The Gordon Tract is a late Woodland period archeological site located on the floodplain and bluffs of Hinkson Creek near Columbia, Missouri, United States, which contains the remains of a prehistoric village and mounds. Radiocarbon dating of material obtained from the site gave dates of 1017 and 1112 C.E. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The exact location of the site is restricted to protect the remains from harm. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources lists the site in Grindstone Nature Area, a city park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Old English", "paragraph_text": "Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of 700 years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion. While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150, a period of full inflections, a synthetic language. Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived, to be sure, are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Early modern Europe", "paragraph_text": "Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century. Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s, the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487, the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s, the end of the Reconquista and subsequent voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492, or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517. The precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the French Revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the Industrial Revolution in late 18th century England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Modern United States Navy carrier air operations", "paragraph_text": "Modern United States Navy aircraft carrier air operations include the operation of fixed-wing and rotary aircraft on and around an aircraft carrier for performance of combat or noncombat missions. Modern United States Navy aircraft carrier flight operations are highly evolved, based on experiences dating back to 1922 with .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Zusailing Formation", "paragraph_text": "The Zusailing Formation is located in Baoting County, Hainan Province, China. It contains carbonaceous phyllite with interbeds of crystalline limestone. Its dated to the late Silurian Period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Classical Greece", "paragraph_text": "Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years (5th and 4th centuries BC) in Greek culture. This Classical period saw the annexation of much of modern - day Greece by the Persian Empire and its subsequent independence. Classical Greece had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire and on the foundations of western civilization. Much of modern Western politics, artistic thought (architecture, sculpture), scientific thought, theatre, literature, and philosophy derives from this period of Greek history. In the context of the art, architecture, and culture of Ancient Greece, the Classical period corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (the most common dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC). The Classical period in this sense follows the Archaic period and is in turn succeeded by the Hellenistic period.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 131206, "question": "Which state is Bevercotes located?", "answer": "England", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 33164, "question": "When is the modern period dated in #1 ?", "answer": "Battle of Bosworth in 1485", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Day of the Dead", "paragraph_text": "The Day of the Dead (Spanish: Día de Muertos) is a Mexican holiday celebrated throughout Mexico, in particular the Central and South regions, and by people of Mexican ancestry living in other places, especially the United States. It is acknowledged internationally in many other cultures. The multi-day holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died, and help support their spiritual journey. In 2008, the tradition was inscribed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "There But For The", "paragraph_text": "There But For The is a 2011 novel by Scottish author Ali Smith, first published in the UK by Hamish Hamilton and in the US by Pantheon, and set in 2009 and 2010 in Greenwich, London. It was cited by both \"The Guardian\" book review and the \"Publishers Weekly\" as one of the best books of the year. and was also longlisted for the 2012 Orange Prize for Fiction.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "The Theater District is a 17-block area in the center of downtown Houston that is home to the Bayou Place entertainment complex, restaurants, movies, plazas, and parks. Bayou Place is a large multilevel building containing full-service restaurants, bars, live music, billiards, and Sundance Cinema. The Bayou Music Center stages live concerts, stage plays, and stand-up comedy. Space Center Houston is the official visitors' center of NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. The Space Center has many interactive exhibits including moon rocks, a shuttle simulator, and presentations about the history of NASA's manned space flight program. Other tourist attractions include the Galleria (Texas's largest shopping mall, located in the Uptown District), Old Market Square, the Downtown Aquarium, and Sam Houston Race Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Cane Ridge, Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Cane Ridge, Kentucky, United States was the site, in 1801, of a large camp meeting that drew thousands of people and had a lasting influence as one of the landmark events of the Second Great Awakening, which took place largely in frontier areas of the United States. The event was led by eighteen Presbyterian ministers, but numerous Methodist and Baptist preachers also spoke and assisted. Many of the \"spiritual exercises\", such as glossolalia and ecstatic attendees, were exhibited that in the 20th century became more associated with the Pentecostal movement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Madison Township, Jackson County, Ohio", "paragraph_text": "Madison Township is one of the twelve townships of Jackson County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, 2,188 people lived in the township, including 1,549 in its unincorporated areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Pathum Thani Province", "paragraph_text": "The province is north of Bangkok and is part of the Bangkok metropolitan area. In many places the boundary between the two provinces is not noticeable as both sides of the boundary are equally urbanized. Pathum Thani town is the administrative seat, but Ban Rangsit, seat of Thanyaburi District, is the largest populated place in the province.Pathum Thani is an old province, heavily populated by the Mon people, dotted with 186 temples and parks. The Dream World amusement park is here.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Baljev Dol", "paragraph_text": "Baljev Dol is a village in the municipality of Dimitrovgrad, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 8 people. The village was larger until the unrest in the area following the dissolution of Yugoslavia forced many relations of big-serving tennis ace Ivo Karlović to flee the area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Caprivi Game Park", "paragraph_text": "Caprivi Game Park is a protected area in north eastern Namibia that is now called Bwabwata National Park. It was proclaimed as the Caprivi Game Reserve in 1966 and upgraded to the Caprivi Game Park in 1968. It was never managed as a game park as the area was a restricted security zone during Namibia’s liberation struggle. The South African Police and later the South African Defence Force occupied the area until the implementation of U.N. Resolution 435 in April 1989. The then Department of Nature Conservation appointed the first nature conservation officer and other staff and started work in the area. Many of the area's original Khwe San inhabitants, were conscripted into the army and lived in military bases such as Omega. At independence approximately 5000 people were living in the Caprivi Game Park. Caprivi Game Park, Mahango Game Reserve and an area known as the Kwando Triangle were incorporated into the Bwabwata National Park, which was proclaimed in 2007.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Çekerek", "paragraph_text": "Çekerek is a town and district of Yozgat Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is located in northeast of Yozgat province and it is 90 km (56 miles) far from there. According to 2013 census, population of the district is 23,699 of which 10,736 live in the town of Çekerek and remaining 12,963 people live in rural areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Crimean People's Republic", "paragraph_text": "The Crimean People's Republic () () existed from December 1917 to January 1918 in the Crimean Peninsula, a territory currently disputed between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Crimean People’s Republic was the first Turkic and Muslim democratic republic in the world. In its founding, the Crimean People's Republic was one of many short-lived attempts to create new states after the Russian Revolution of 1917 had caused the Russian Empire to collapse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Manchester Arena bombing", "paragraph_text": "On 22 May 2017 at 22: 31 BST (UTC + 01: 00), a suicide bomber detonated an improvised explosive device, packed with nuts and bolts to act as shrapnel, in the foyer area of the Manchester Arena. The attack took place after an Ariana Grande concert that was part of her 2017 Dangerous Woman Tour. 14,200 people attended the concert. Many exiting concert - goers and waiting parents were in the foyer at the time of the explosion. According to evidence presented at the coroner's inquest, the detonation of the bomb killed people who were up to 20 metres away.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "According to the prevailing theories of the settlement of the Americas, migrations of humans from Asia (in particular North Asia) to the Americas took place via Beringia, a land bridge which connected the two continents across what is now the Bering Strait. The majority of experts agree that the earliest pre-modern human migration via Beringia took place at least 13,500 years ago, with disputed evidence that people had migrated into the Americas much earlier, up to 40,000 years ago. These early Paleo-Indians spread throughout the Americas, diversifying into many hundreds of culturally distinct nations and tribes. According to the oral histories of many of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, they have been living there since their genesis, described by a wide range of creation myths.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Sarajevo", "paragraph_text": "The last official Yugoslav census took place 1991 and recorded 527,049 people living in the city of Sarajevo (ten municipalities). In the settlement of Sarajevo proper, there were 416,497 inhabitants. The war displaced hundreds of thousands of people, a large majority of whom have not returned.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Music of New York City", "paragraph_text": "Beginning in the 1940s, New York City was the center for a roots revival of American folk music. Many New Yorkers, especially young people, became interested in blues, Appalachian folk music, and other roots styles. In Greenwich Village, many of these people gathered; the area became a hotbed of American folk music as well as leftist political activism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Xingu peoples", "paragraph_text": "Xingu peoples are indigenous peoples of Brazil living near the Xingu River. They have many cultural similarities despite their different ethnologies. Xingu people represent fifteen tribes and all four of Brazil's indigenous language groups, but they share similar belief systems, rituals and ceremonies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "East Asia", "paragraph_text": "The East Asian people comprise around 1.6 billion people. About 38% of the population of Asia and 22%, or over one fifth, of all the people in the world live in East Asia. Although the coastal and riparian areas of the region form one of the world's most populated places, the population in Mongolia and Western China, both landlocked areas, is very sparsely distributed, with Mongolia having the lowest population density of a sovereign state. The overall population density of the region is 133 inhabitants per square kilometre (340 / sq mi), about three times the world average of 45 / km (120 / sq mi).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Hietasaari, Oulu", "paragraph_text": "Hietasaari is a neighbourhood in the Tuira area in the city of Oulu, Finland. The neighbourhood consists of Mustasaari and Hietasaari islands, separated by the Mustasalmi strait, together with some smaller islands. Hietasaari is zoned as recreation area with only few people living in the neighbourhood permanently.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Imperialism", "paragraph_text": "The concept environmental determinism served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples. It was believed that a certain person's behaviours were determined by the environment in which they lived and thus validated their domination. For example, people living in tropical environments were seen as \"less civilized\" therefore justifying colonial control as a civilizing mission. Across the three waves of European colonialism (first in the Americas, second in Asia and lastly in Africa), environmental determinism was used to categorically place indigenous people in a racial hierarchy. This takes two forms, orientalism and tropicality.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "The demographics of the British Isles today are characterised by a generally high density of population in England, which accounts for almost 80% of the total population of the islands. In elsewhere on Great Britain and on Ireland, high density of population is limited to areas around, or close to, a few large cities. The largest urban area by far is the Greater London Urban Area with 9 million inhabitants. Other major populations centres include Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million), West Yorkshire Urban Area (1.6 million) in England, Greater Glasgow (1.2 million) in Scotland and Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million) in Ireland.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Amahlathi Local Municipality", "paragraph_text": "Amahlathi Local Municipality is an administrative area in the Amatole District of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. Amahlati is an isiXhosa name that means \"a place where many trees are grouped together, a forest\". Forests are a key feature of the area.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 136955, "question": "Which place is There But For The in?", "answer": "London", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 35370, "question": "How many people live in the area of #1 ?", "answer": "9 million", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Nikanassin Range", "paragraph_text": "The Nikanassin Range s a group of mountain ranges in the Canadian Rockies on the eastern edge of Jasper National Park in Alberta, Canada. It is developed south-east of the Fiddle Range, and one of the front ranges. \"Nikanassin\" means \"first range\" in Cree.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Montes Cordillera", "paragraph_text": "Montes Cordillera is a mountain range on the Moon. This feature forms the outer wall of peaks that surround the Mare Orientale impact basin, the inner ring being formed by the Montes Rook. The center of the range is located at selenographic coordinates 17.5° S, 81.6° W, and the diameter is .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "WGFX", "paragraph_text": "WGFX is a radio station broadcasting on the FM band at 104.5 MHz licensed to the city of Gallatin, Tennessee, but serving the Nashville market as a whole. It is currently branded as 104.5 The Zone, broadcasting a sports talk format. It is owned by Cumulus Media and operates out of studios in Nashville's Music Row district. Its transmitter is located just north of downtown Nashville.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "WORT", "paragraph_text": "WORT (89.9 FM) is a listener-sponsored community radio station, broadcasting from 118 S. Bedford St. in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. WORT offers a range of programming.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Climate of Islamabad", "paragraph_text": "The climate of Islamabad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classifion, with five seasons: Winter (Nov − Feb), Spring (March − April), Summer (May − June), Rainy Monsoon (July − August) and Autumn (September − October). The hottest month is June, where average highs routinely exceed 38 ° C (100.4 ° F). The wettest month is July, with heavy rainfall and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudburst. The coolest month is January, with temperatures variable by location. In Islamabad, temperatures vary from cold to mild, routinely dropping below zero. In the hills there is sparse snowfall. The weather ranges from a minimum of − 3.9 ° C (25.0 ° F) in January to a maximum of 46.1 ° C (115.0 ° F) in June. The average low is 2 ° C (35.6 ° F) in January, while the average high is 38.1 ° C (100.6 ° F) in June. The highest temperature recorded was 46.5 ° C (115.7 ° F) in June, while the lowest temperature was − 4 ° C (24.8 ° F) in January. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad received a record breaking 620 millimetres (24 in) of rain fell in just 10 hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in 24 hours in Islamabad and at any locality in Pakistan during the past 100 years. Following is the weather observed over Islamabad Airport, which is actually located in Rawalpindi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Rajasthan", "paragraph_text": "The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak, Acacia, and other trees. The hilly Vagad region, home to the cities of Dungarpur and Banswara lies in southernmost Rajasthan, on the border with Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. With the exception of Mount Abu, Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily forested. North of Vagad lies the Mewar region, home to the cities of Udaipur and Chittaurgarh. The Hadoti region lies to the southeast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. North of Hadoti and Mewar lies the Dhundhar region, home to the state capital of Jaipur. Mewat, the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Eastern and southeastern Rajasthan is drained by the Banas and Chambal rivers, tributaries of the Ganges.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ashgabat", "paragraph_text": "The Kopet-Dag mountain range is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the south, and Ashgabat's northern boundary touches the Kara-Kum desert. Because of this Ashgabat has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWk) with hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. The average high temperature in July is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). Nighttimes in the summer are warm, with an average minimum temperature in July of 23.8 °C (75 °F). The average January high temperature is 8.6 °C (47.5 °F), and the average low temperature is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Ashgabat is 47.2 °C (117 °F), recorded in June 2015. A low temperature of −24.1 °C (−11 °F) was recorded in January 1969. Snow is infrequent in the area. Annual precipitation is only 201 millimetres (7.91 in); March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Lake Tshangalele", "paragraph_text": "Lake Tshangalele, also known as Lake Lufira or Mwadingusha Reservoir, is an artificial lake in the south-east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is located about 20 km east of the city of Likasi in the old province of Katanga. It lies at about 1,100 m above sea-level in a large depression surrounded by low mountains. It was created by a dam built on the Lufira River near Mwadingusha in 1926 to provide hydro-electric power. The area of open water is about 362.5 km. During the wettest months of February and March, the area flooded reaches a maximum of 440 km. The lake is shallow with a mean depth of only 2.6 m.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mount Fitzpatrick", "paragraph_text": "Mount Fitzpatrick () is located in the Salt River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The peak is the highest in the Salt River Range.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mount Worth State Park", "paragraph_text": "Mount Worth State Park is a state park in Victoria, Australia. It is located 15 km south of Warragul in the western Strzelecki Ranges. It offers rainforest walking trails and scenic views of Gippsland as well as across the Latrobe Valley to the Great Dividing Range.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Piz Mingèr", "paragraph_text": "Piz Mingèr (3,114 m) is a mountain in the Sesvenna Range of the Alps, located west of S-charl in the canton of Graubünden. It lies on the range north of Piz Foraz, between the Val Plavna and the Val S-charl.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Cortez Mountains", "paragraph_text": "The Cortez Mountains are located in north central Nevada in the United States. The range lies in a southwest-northeasterly direction between Crescent Valley and Pine Valley. Mount Tenabo is the principal peak of the range, at 9,153 feet above sea level. Surrounding ranges include: the Shoshone Range to the northwest, the Pinon and Sulphur Springs ranges to the east, the Simpson Park Mountains to the south and the Toiyabe Range to the southwest across the narrow Cortez Canyon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Knox Peak", "paragraph_text": "Knox Peak () is a small but distinctive rock peak, or nunatak, located between Vann Peak and Lackey Ridge at the west end of the Ohio Range, Antarctica. It was surveyed by the United States Antarctic Research Program Horlick Mountains Traverse party in December 1958 and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Antarctic cartographer Arthur S. Knox, who worked for the Branch of Special Maps, U.S. Geological Survey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Arslanbob", "paragraph_text": "Arslanbob ( - \"Arstanbab\"; ; ) is a village, sub district, valley, mountain range, and a large wild walnut (\"Juglans regia\") forest in the Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan's first known export to Europe was the Arslanbob walnut. Two waterfalls are located in the area which attract tourists, pilgrims and other visitors during the spring and summer months.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Mount Phillips (Montana)", "paragraph_text": "Mount Phillips () is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Lupfer Glacier is located on the east slope of Mount Phillips.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Kitulgala", "paragraph_text": "Kitulgala is a small town in the west of Sri Lanka. It is in the wet zone rain forest, which gets two monsoons each year, and is one of the wettest places in the country. Nevertheless, it comes alive in the first three months of the year, especially in February, the driest month. The Academy Award-winning \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" was filmed on the Kelani River near Kitulgala, although nothing remains now except the concrete foundations for the bridge (and, supposedly, the submerged train cars that plunged into the river in the climactic scene). Kitulgala is also a base for white-water rafting, which starts a few kilometres upstream and also popular as a location for adventure based training programs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Most of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year, with highest average monthly precipitation generally in the winter and spring months, between December and April. The driest months, on average, are August to October. On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13 cm) in West Tennessee to over 16 inches (41 cm) in the higher mountains in East Tennessee.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Range, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Range is an unincorporated community in Conecuh County, Alabama, United States. Range is located along Alabama State Route 41, south of Repton. Range has a post office with ZIP code 36473.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Saint Helena", "paragraph_text": "ADSL-broadband service is provided with maximum speeds of up to 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream offered on contract levels from lite £16 per month to gold+ at £190 per month. There are a few public WiFi hotspots in Jamestown, which are also being operated by SURE (formerly Cable & Wireless).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sulphur Spring Range", "paragraph_text": "The Sulphur Spring Range is a mountain range located in east-central Nevada in the United States. The mountains are found mostly in Eureka County northeast of the Roberts Mountains and west of the Diamond Valley and Diamond Mountains. The range lies in a north-south direction, and reaches an elevation of at Bald Mountain. The range crosses into Elko County at the northeastern end.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 131092, "question": "What state is WGFX located?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 31260, "question": "Which range of months is #1 's wettest?", "answer": "between December and April", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "Mosaic has a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman kingdom in Sicily in the 12th century, by eastern-influenced Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jews to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "In parts of Italy, which were under eastern artistic influences, like Sicily and Venice, mosaic making never went out of fashion in the Middle Ages. The whole interior of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice is clad with elaborate, golden mosaics. The oldest scenes were executed by Greek masters in the late 11th century but the majority of the mosaics are works of local artists from the 12th–13th centuries. The decoration of the church was finished only in the 16th century. One hundred and ten scenes of mosaics in the atrium of St Mark's were based directly on the miniatures of the Cotton Genesis, a Byzantine manuscript that was brought to Venice after the sack of Constantinople (1204). The mosaics were executed in the 1220s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "The remains of a 6th-century synagogue have been uncovered in Sepphoris, which was an important centre of Jewish culture between the 3rd–7th centuries and a multicultural town inhabited by Jews, Christians and pagans. The mosaic reflects an interesting fusion of Jewish and pagan beliefs. In the center of the floor the zodiac wheel was depicted. Helios sits in the middle, in his sun chariot, and each zodiac is matched with a Jewish month. Along the sides of the mosaic are strips depicting Biblical scenes, such as the binding of Isaac, as well as traditional rituals, including a burnt sacrifice and the offering of fruits and grains.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "Southern Italy was also part of the Norman kingdom but great mosaics did not survive in this area except the fine mosaic pavement of the Otranto Cathedral from 1166, with mosaics tied into a tree of life, mostly still preserved. The scenes depict biblical characters, warrior kings, medieval beasts, allegories of the months and working activity. Only fragments survived from the original mosaic decoration of Amalfi's Norman Cathedral. The mosaic ambos in the churches of Ravello prove that mosaic art was widespread in Southern Italy during the 11th–13th centuries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Africa", "paragraph_text": "In the late 19th century, the European imperial powers engaged in a major territorial scramble and occupied most of the continent, creating many colonial territories, and leaving only two fully independent states: Ethiopia (known to Europeans as ``Abyssinia ''), and Liberia. Egypt and Sudan were never formally incorporated into any European colonial empire; however, after the British occupation of 1882, Egypt was effectively under British administration until 1922.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Greek War of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution (, \"Elliniki Epanastasi\", or also referred to by Greeks in the 19th century as the Αγώνας, \"Agonas\", \"Struggle\"; Ottoman: يونان عصياني \"Yunan İsyanı\", \"Greek Uprising\"), was a successful war of independence waged by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1830. The Greeks were later assisted by the Russian Empire, Great Britain, and the Kingdom of France, while the Ottomans were aided by their North African vassals, the eyalets of Egypt, Algeria, and Tripolitania, and the Beylik of Tunis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "Other important Venetian mosaics can be found in the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in Torcello from the 12th century, and in the Basilical of Santi Maria e Donato in Murano with a restored apse mosaic from the 12th century and a beautiful mosaic pavement (1140). The apse of the San Cipriano Church in Murano was decorated with an impressive golden mosaic from the early 13th century showing Christ enthroned with Mary, St John and the two patron saints, Cipriano and Cipriana. When the church was demolished in the 19th century, the mosaic was bought by Frederick William IV of Prussia. It was reassembled in the Friedenskirche of Potsdam in the 1840s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Cinderella", "paragraph_text": "The oldest known version of the Cinderella story is the ancient Greek story of Rhodopis, a Greek courtesan living in the colony of Naucratis in Egypt, whose name means ``Rosy - Cheeks ''. The story is first recorded by the Greek geographer Strabo in his Geographica (book 17, 33), probably written around 7 BC or thereabouts:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "Mosaic art also flourished in Christian Petra where three Byzantine churches were discovered. The most important one was uncovered in 1990. It is known that the walls were also covered with golden glass mosaics but only the floor panels survived as usual. The mosaic of the seasons in the southern aisle is from this first building period from the middle of the 5th century. In the first half of the 6th century the mosaics of the northern aisle and the eastern end of the southern aisle were installed. They depict native as well as exotic or mythological animals, and personifications of the Seasons, Ocean, Earth and Wisdom.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "In 1913 the Zliten mosaic, a Roman mosaic famous for its many scenes from gladiatorial contests, hunting and everyday life, was discovered in the Libyan town of Zliten. In 2000 archaeologists working in Leptis Magna, Libya, uncovered a 30 ft length of five colorful mosaics created during the 1st or 2nd century AD. The mosaics show a warrior in combat with a deer, four young men wrestling a wild bull to the ground, and a gladiator resting in a state of fatigue, staring at his slain opponent. The mosaics decorated the walls of a cold plunge pool in a bath house within a Roman villa. The gladiator mosaic is noted by scholars as one of the finest examples of mosaic art ever seen — a \"masterpiece comparable in quality with the Alexander Mosaic in Pompeii.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "Islamic architecture used mosaic technique to decorate religious buildings and palaces after the Muslim conquests of the eastern provinces of the Byzantine Empire. In Syria and Egypt the Arabs were influenced by the great tradition of Roman and Early Christian mosaic art. During the Umayyad Dynasty mosaic making remained a flourishing art form in Islamic culture and it is continued in the art of zellige and azulejo in various parts of the Arab world, although tile was to become the main Islamic form of wall decoration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "Bronze age pebble mosaics have been found at Tiryns; mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and the 4th-century BC mosaic of The Beauty of Durrës discovered in Durrës, Albania in 1916, is an early figural example; the Greek figural style was mostly formed in the 3rd century BC. Mythological subjects, or scenes of hunting or other pursuits of the wealthy, were popular as the centrepieces of a larger geometric design, with strongly emphasized borders. Pliny the Elder mentions the artist Sosus of Pergamon by name, describing his mosaics of the food left on a floor after a feast and of a group of doves drinking from a bowl. Both of these themes were widely copied.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ancient Greece", "paragraph_text": "Eventually Greek colonization reached as far northeast as present day Ukraine and Russia (Taganrog). To the west the coasts of Illyria, Sicily and Southern Italy were settled, followed by Southern France, Corsica, and even northeastern Spain. Greek colonies were also founded in Egypt and Libya.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "Later fresco replaced the more labor-intensive technique of mosaic in Western-Europe, although mosaics were sometimes used as decoration on medieval cathedrals. The Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings in Székesfehérvár (Alba Regia) had a mosaic decoration in the apse. It was probably a work of Venetian or Ravennese craftsmen, executed in the first decades of the 11th century. The mosaic was almost totally destroyed together with the basilica in the 17th century. The Golden Gate of the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague got its name from the golden 14th-century mosaic of the Last Judgement above the portal. It was executed by Venetian craftsmen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Near East", "paragraph_text": "One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers \"a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions.\" These it arranges by region. The Egypt and the Near East region besides Egypt includes Cyprus, Persia and Afghanistan but not Asia Minor (a separate region).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "A 5th-century building in Huldah may be a Samaritan synagogue. Its mosaic floor contains typical Jewish symbols (menorah, lulav, etrog) but the inscriptions are Greek. Another Samaritan synagogue with a mosaic floor was located in Bet She'an (excavated in 1960). The floor had only decorative motifs and an aedicule (shrine) with cultic symbols. The ban on human or animal images was more strictly observed by the Samaritans than their Jewish neighbours in the same town (see above). The mosaic was laid by the same masters who made the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue. One of the inscriptions was written in Samaritan script.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "Important Justinian era mosaics decorated the Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt. Generally wall mosaics have not survived in the region because of the destruction of buildings but the St. Catherine's Monastery is exceptional. On the upper wall Moses is shown in two panels on a landscape background. In the apse we can see the Transfiguration of Jesus on a golden background. The apse is surrounded with bands containing medallions of apostles and prophets, and two contemporary figure, \"Abbot Longinos\" and \"John the Deacon\". The mosaic was probably created in 565/6.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Kepoi", "paragraph_text": "Kepoi or Cepoi (Ancient Greek: Κῆποι, Russian: Кепы) was an ancient Greek colony situated on the Taman peninsula, three kilometres to the east of Phanagoria, in the present-day Krasnodar Krai of Russia. The colony was established by the Milesians in the 6th century BC. In the Hellenistic period, it was controlled by the kings of the Cimmerian Bosporus, who (according to Aeschines) made a present of a place called \"the Gardens\" to Gylon, the grandfather of Demosthenes. The town reached its peak in the 1st centuries AD, but the Huns and Goths put an end to its prosperity in the 4th century. Soviet excavations, started in 1957, yielded rich finds, including a marble statue of a Greek goddess (\"Aphrodite of Taman\"). More than 400 burials were explored at Kepoi in the 1960s and 1970s; the rest of the site has been submerged by the Sea of Azov.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "An exceptionally well preserved, carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany, the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390. Because of its purely geometrical pattern, the church floor is to be grouped with other mosaics of the time in Palestine and neighboring areas, especially the Constantinian mosaics in the central nave at Bethlehem. A second church was built above the older one during the 6th century with another more simple geometric mosaic floor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "The Crusaders in the Holy Land also adopted mosaic decoration under local Byzantine influence. During their 12th-century reconstruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem they complemented the existing Byzantine mosaics with new ones. Almost nothing of them survived except the \"Ascension of Christ\" in the Latin Chapel (now confusingly surrounded by many 20th-century mosaics). More substantial fragments were preserved from the 12th-century mosaic decoration of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. The mosaics in the nave are arranged in five horizontal bands with the figures of the ancestors of Christ, Councils of the Church and angels. In the apses the Annunciation, the Nativity, Adoration of the Magi and Dormition of the Blessed Virgin can be seen. The program of redecoration of the church was completed in 1169 as a unique collaboration of the Byzantine emperor, the king of Jerusalem and the Latin Church.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159408, "question": "Where else besides Egypt were Greek colonies?", "answer": "Libya", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 37236, "question": "The mosaics uncovered in #1 were from which century?", "answer": "1st or 2nd century AD", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "In October 2010, the open-access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death following the disputed identification by Drancourt and Raoult in 1998. They assessed the presence of DNA/RNA with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques for Y. pestis from the tooth sockets in human skeletons from mass graves in northern, central and southern Europe that were associated archaeologically with the Black Death and subsequent resurgences. The authors concluded that this new research, together with prior analyses from the south of France and Germany, \". . . ends the debate about the etiology of the Black Death, and unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Anaphylaxis", "paragraph_text": "In those in whom the cause is known and prompt treatment is available, the prognosis is good. Even if the cause is unknown, if appropriate preventative medication is available, the prognosis is generally good. If death occurs, it is usually due to either respiratory (typically asphyxia) or cardiovascular causes (shock), with 0.7–20% of cases causing death. There have been cases of death occurring within minutes. Outcomes in those with exercise-induced anaphylaxis are typically good, with fewer and less severe episodes as people get older.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Rigor mortis", "paragraph_text": "Rigor mortis (Latin: rigor ``stiffness '', mortis`` of death'') or postmortem rigidity, the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem, which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen. In humans, rigor mortis can occur as soon as 4 hours post mortem.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Infante Carlos, Count of Molina", "paragraph_text": "Carlos de Borbón (29 March 178810 March 1855) was an Infante of Spain and the second surviving son of King Charles IV of Spain and of his wife, Maria Luisa of Parma. As Charles V, he was the first of the Carlist claimants to the throne of Spain. He is often referred to simply as 'Don Carlos'. He was a reactionary who was angry with liberalism in Spain and the assaults on the Catholic Church. He claimed the throne of Spain after the death of his older brother King Ferdinand VII in 1833. His claim was contested by liberal forces loyal to the dead king's infant daughter. The result was the bloody First Carlist War (1833–40). Don Carlos had support from Basque provinces and much of Catalonia, but lost the war and never became king. His heirs continued the arch-conservative cause, fought two more Carlist wars and were active into the mid-20th century, but never obtained the throne.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Cephalopod ink", "paragraph_text": "The ink is released from the ink sacs (located between the gills) and is dispersed more widely when its release is accompanied by a jet of water from the siphon. Its dark colour is caused by its main constituent, melanin. Each species of cephalopod produces slightly differently coloured inks; generally, octopuses produce black ink, squid ink is blue - black, and cuttlefish ink is a shade of brown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Western black rhinoceros", "paragraph_text": "The western black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis longipes) or West African black rhinoceros is a subspecies of the black rhinoceros, declared extinct by the IUCN in 2011. The western black rhinoceros was believed to have been genetically different from other rhino subspecies. It was once widespread in the savanna of sub-Saharan Africa, but its numbers declined due to poaching. The western black rhinoceros resided primarily in Cameroon, but surveys since 2006 have failed to locate any individuals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Rigor mortis", "paragraph_text": "Rigor mortis (Latin: rigor ``stiffness '', mortis`` of death''), the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem, which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen. In humans, rigor mortis can occur as soon as 4 hours post mortem.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages represented a period of upheaval in Europe. The epidemic known as the Black Death and an associated famine caused demographic catastrophe in Europe as the population plummeted. Dynastic struggles and wars of conquest kept many of the states of Europe at war for much of the period. In the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire, a Turkish state originating in Anatolia, encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands, culminating in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Casino Miami", "paragraph_text": "Casino Miami (formerly known as Miami Jai-Alai Fronton) is a 6,500-capacity indoor arena and casino located at 3500 NW 37th Avenue in Miami, Florida. It is primarily used for gambling, jai alai and concerts. Notable past performers include The Allman Brothers Band, Black Sabbath, Bruce Springsteen, Frank Sinatra and Grateful Dead.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "List of Death Note episodes", "paragraph_text": "Death Note is a 37 - episode anime series based on the manga series of the same name written by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata. Death Note aired in Japan on the Nippon Television (NTV) network every Tuesday, from October 3, 2006, to June 26, 2007. The plot of the series primarily revolves around high school student Light Yagami, who decides to rid the world of evil with the help of a supernatural notebook called a Death Note. This book causes the death of anyone whose name is written in it and is passed on to Light by the Shinigami Ryuk after he becomes bored within the Shinigami world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Perinatal mortality", "paragraph_text": "Preterm birth is the most common cause of perinatal mortality, causing almost 30 percent of neonatal deaths. Infant respiratory distress syndrome, in turn, is the leading cause of death in preterm infants, affecting about 1% of newborn infants. Birth defects cause about 21 percent of neonatal death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Polideportivo Huerta del Rey", "paragraph_text": "Polideportivo Huerta del Rey is an arena located in Valladolid, Spain. It is primarily used for team handball and is the home arena of BM Atlético Valladolid and BM Aula Cultural. From 1976 to 1985 it was the home of CB Valladolid in basketball, before moving to the Pabellón Polideportivo Pisuerga which is used by the handball team for European matches. The arena holds 3,500 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma", "paragraph_text": "Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (8 April 1930 – 18 August 2010) was the head of the House of Bourbon-Parma from 1977 until his death. Carlos Hugo was the Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain and sought to change the political direction of the Carlist movement through the Carlist Party, of which he was the official head during the fatal Montejurra Incident. His marriage to Princess Irene of the Netherlands in 1964 caused a constitutional crisis in the Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Spain", "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims in the East Smithfield burial site in England, Schuenemann et al. concluded in 2011 \"that the Black Death in medieval Europe was caused by a variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist.\" A study published in Nature in October 2011 sequenced the genome of Y. pestis from plague victims and indicated that the strain that caused the Black Death is ancestral to most modern strains of the disease.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Asphyxia", "paragraph_text": "Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing. An example of asphyxia is choking. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects primarily the tissues and organs. There are many circumstances that can induce asphyxia, all of which are characterized by an inability of an individual to acquire sufficient oxygen through breathing for an extended period of time. Asphyxia can cause coma or death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin's disease and the cause of his death have since been a matter of discussion. His death certificate gave the cause as tuberculosis, and his physician, Jean Cruveilhier, was then the leading French authority on this disease. Other possibilities have been advanced including cystic fibrosis, cirrhosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. However, the attribution of tuberculosis as principal cause of death has not been disproved. Permission for DNA testing, which could put the matter to rest, has been denied by the Polish government.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 158735, "question": "Where is Spain primarily located?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 85166, "question": "what was the cause of the black death in #1", "answer": "The bacterium Yersinia pestis", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Electric motor", "paragraph_text": "Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Hannover Hauptbahnhof", "paragraph_text": "A wooden platform area was built next to the entrance building and on each side of the two tracks. That was enough for the first traffic because the still short trains running to the east and the west stopped at the same platform. There were no through trains initially. The first through train ran from 1 May 1851 between Berlin and Cologne. The first railway workshop was built opposite the station building. In 1853, the opening of the first section of the Southern Railway to Alfeld, Göttingen and Kassel made the through station into a railway junction. A marshalling yard was established in Hainholz to relieve the station in 1868.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Rail transport in India", "paragraph_text": "The first proposals for railways in India were made in Madras in 1832. The first train in India ran from Red Hills to Chintadripet bridge in Madras in 1837. It was called Red Hill Railway. It was hauled by a rotary steam engine locomotive manufactured by William Avery. It was built by Sir Arthur Cotton. It was mainly used for transporting granite stones for road building work in Madras. In 1845, a railway was built at Dowleswaram in Rajahmundry. It was called Godavari Dam Construction Railway. It was also built by Arthur Cotton. It was used to supply stones for construction of a dam over Godavari. On May 8, 1845, Madras Railway was incorporated. In the same year East India Railway company was incorporated. On August 1, 1849, Great Indian Peninsular Railway was incorporated by an Act of Parliament. ``Guarantee System ''providing free land and guaranteed rates of return (5%) to the private English companies willing to work on building railways was finalized on August 17, 1849. In 1851, a railway was built in Roorkee. It was called Solani Aqueduct Railway. It was hauled by steam locomotive called Thomason, named after a British officer. It was used for transporting construction materials for building of aqueduct over Solani river. In 1852, the Madras Guaranteed Railway Company was incorporated.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Gusevskoye peat railway", "paragraph_text": "The Gusevskoye peat railway is located in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The peat railway was opened in 1920, and has a total length of which is currently operational; the track gauge is .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Vitebsky railway station", "paragraph_text": "St Petersburg-Vitebsky () is a railway station in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Formerly known as \"St Petersburg-Tsarskoselsky\" station, it was the first railway station to be built in Saint Petersburg and the whole of the Russian Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ural State University of Railway Transport", "paragraph_text": "Ural State University of Railway Transport (USURT) or Уральский государственный университет путей сообщения (УрГУПС) is a public university situated in Ekaterinburg, Russia. It was founded the 23 of June 1956. Its general mission is to prepare specialists for railway transport in the Urals and neighboring regions of Central Russia and Siberia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Steam engine", "paragraph_text": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom and, on 21 February 1804, the world's first railway journey took place as Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway from the Pen-y-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales. The design incorporated a number of important innovations that included using high-pressure steam which reduced the weight of the engine and increased its efficiency. Trevithick visited the Newcastle area later in 1804 and the colliery railways in north-east England became the leading centre for experimentation and development of steam locomotives.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "VHF Records", "paragraph_text": "VHF Records is an American record label, known for their extensive work with several major experimental artists. The label is based in the Washington, DC suburb of Fairfax, Va., and it initially focused on indie and experimental bands from that region. The label has since branched out to release innovative and offbeat music from around the world, although Northern Virginia artists are still prominently featured in the catalog.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chesapeake and Ohio 2755", "paragraph_text": "Chesapeake & Ohio Railway 2755 is a standard gauge steam railway locomotive of the 2-8-4 type, called \"Berkshire\" by most US railroads, but \"Kanawha\" by the Chesapeake & Ohio (C&O). It is one of a total of ninety built by", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Kajaani railway station", "paragraph_text": "The Kajaani railway station was built from 1904 to 1905, when the railway from Iisalmi to Kajaani was completed as an extension to the Savonia railroad. The station building was designed by Gustaf Nyström. This Jugend building has been called the most beautiful station building in Finland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Astronomical clock", "paragraph_text": "The first clock was built between 1352 and 1354 and stopped working sometime at the beginning of the 16th century. A second clock was then built by Herlin, Conrad Dasypodius, the Habrecht brothers, and others, between 1547 and 1574. This clock stopped working in 1788 or 1789 (as it apparently stopped working gradually, each component being disconnected", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Dordrecht Zuid railway station", "paragraph_text": "Dordrecht Zuid is a railway station in the south of Dordrecht, Netherlands, located on the Breda–Rotterdam railway between Lage Zwaluwe and Dordrecht. Trains running between Den Haag Centraal, Roosendaal and Breda stop at this station. The current railway building was constructed in the early 1970s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kimanis", "paragraph_text": "Kimanis is a fully integrated township and also a parliamentary constituency in the West Coast Division of Sabah, Malaysia. It is located approximately 45 kilometres south of the city of Kota Kinabalu. Kimanis used to be the base for the American Trading Company of Borneo owned by Joseph William Torrey, Thomas Bradley Harris and Chinese investors, which obtained a lease over part of northern Borneo area from the Sultanate of Brunei in the late 19th century. The area was then taken over by the British under the administration of North Borneo. The British built a railway track with the Kimanis railway station became one of the stops for the present-day Sabah State Railway.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Russia", "paragraph_text": "Railway transport in Russia is mostly under the control of the state-run Russian Railways monopoly. The company accounts for over 3.6% of Russia's GDP and handles 39% of the total freight traffic (including pipelines) and more than 42% of passenger traffic. The total length of common-used railway tracks exceeds 85,500 km (53,127 mi), second only to the United States. Over 44,000 km (27,340 mi) of tracks are electrified, which is the largest number in the world, and additionally there are more than 30,000 km (18,641 mi) of industrial non-common carrier lines. Railways in Russia, unlike in the most of the world, use broad gauge of 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 27⁄32 in), with the exception of 957 km (595 mi) on Sakhalin island using narrow gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in). The most renowned railway in Russia is Trans-Siberian (Transsib), spanning a record 7 time zones and serving the longest single continuous services in the world, Moscow-Vladivostok (9,259 km (5,753 mi)), Moscow–Pyongyang (10,267 km (6,380 mi)) and Kiev–Vladivostok (11,085 km (6,888 mi)).As of 2006 Russia had 933,000 km of roads, of which 755,000 were paved. Some of these make up the Russian federal motorway system. With a large land area the road density is the lowest of all the G8 and BRIC countries.Much of Russia's inland waterways, which total 102,000 km (63,380 mi), are made up of natural rivers or lakes. In the European part of the country the network of channels connects the basins of major rivers. Russia's capital, Moscow, is sometimes called \"the port of the five seas\", because of its waterway connections to the Baltic, White, Caspian, Azov and Black Seas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Railway electrification system", "paragraph_text": "Railways must operate at variable speeds. Until the mid 1980s this was only practical with the brush-type DC motor, although such DC can be supplied from an AC catenary via on-board electric power conversion. Since such conversion was not well developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century, most early electrified railways used DC and many still do, particularly rapid transit (subways) and trams. Speed was controlled by connecting the traction motors in various series-parallel combinations, by varying the traction motors' fields, and by inserting and removing starting resistances to limit motor current.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Port Harford, California", "paragraph_text": "Port Harford is a former town in San Luis Obispo County, California, US. It was established in 1871 after John Harford built a pier and a horse drawn railroad to span the two miles between his pier and Avila (now called Avila Beach). In the 1880s the Pacific Coast Railway stopped in Port Harford on its route from San Luis Obispo to Santa Maria. All that remains of the original town are the 1919 pier and a wooden warehouse canopy that now houses Olde Port Inn Restaurant.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Keadby railway station", "paragraph_text": "The original Keadby railway station was the eastern-most terminus of the South Yorkshire Railway. The railway, which was extended from Thorne and opened in September 1859 was built without an Act of Parliament, as the railway company owned the canal alongside which they built the line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "GER Class 127", "paragraph_text": "The GER Class 127 was a class of a solitary experimental 0-6-0 compound steam locomotive built by the Great Eastern Railway at its Stratford Works in 1888. It was rebuilt as a simple locomotive in 1895, and withdrawn in 1913.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "LMS diesel shunter 7050", "paragraph_text": "LMS diesel shunter 7050 is an experimental 0-4-0 diesel-mechanical shunting locomotive, introduced by the London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMSR) in 1934 and which remained in service with that railway for six years. It was later acquired for military use and is now preserved at the National Railway Museum.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Kilburn High Road railway station", "paragraph_text": "Kilburn High Road railway station is a London Overground station on the London Euston to Watford DC Line near the south end of the Kilburn High Road, London NW6 in the London Borough of Camden.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 32290, "question": "Where was an experimental 6kV DC railway built?", "answer": "the Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 69169, "question": "when did they stop calling russia #1", "answer": "1991", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help (Oklahoma City)", "paragraph_text": "The Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help is a Catholic cathedral in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. It is the seat of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Murcia Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "The Cathedral Church of Saint Mary in Murcia (Spanish: Iglesia Catedral de Santa María en Murcia), commonly called the Cathedral of Murcia, is a Catholic church in the city of Murcia, Spain. It is the only cathedral in use in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cartagena in Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "35 and Ticking", "paragraph_text": "35 & Ticking (also known as Russ Parr's 35 & Ticking or 35 and Ticking) is an American romantic comedy film written and directed by Russ Parr.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Foligno Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Foligno Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic cathedral situated on the Piazza della Repubblica in the center of Foligno, Italy. The cathedral, built on the site of an earlier basilica, is dedicated to the patron saint of the city, the martyr Felician of Foligno (San Feliciano), who was buried here in 251 AD. It is the seat of the Bishop of Foligno.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Albi Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Cecilia (French: \"Basilique Cathédrale Sainte-Cécile d'Albi\"), also known as Albi Cathedral, is the most important Catholic building in Albi, France and is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Albi. First built as a fortress in the aftermath of the Albigensian Crusade; begun in 1282 and under construction for 200 years, it is claimed to be the largest brick building in the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Erfurt Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Erfurt Cathedral (, officially \"Hohe Domkirche St. Marien zu Erfurt\", English: Cathedral Church of St Mary at Erfurt), also known as St Mary's Cathedral, is the largest and oldest church building in the Thuringian city of Erfurt, central Germany. It is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt. The cathedral was mainly built in the International Gothic style and is located on a hillside overlooking the main town square (, Cathedral Square). Former German names include and .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Winchester", "paragraph_text": "Winchester is a city and the county town of Hampshire, England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government district, and is located at the western end of the South Downs National Park, along the course of the River Itchen. It is situated 60 miles (97 km) south-west of London and 13.6 miles (21.9 km) from Southampton, its closest city. At the time of the 2011 Census, Winchester had a population of 45,184. The wider City of Winchester district which includes towns such as Alresford and Bishop's Waltham has a population of 116,800.Winchester developed from the Roman town of Venta Belgarum, which in turn developed from an Iron Age oppidum. Winchester's major landmark is Winchester Cathedral, one of the largest cathedrals in Europe, with the distinction of having the longest nave and overall length of all Gothic cathedrals in Europe. The city is home to the University of Winchester and Winchester College, the oldest public school in the United Kingdom still using its original buildings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Rodez Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Rodez Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Rodez, France. The cathedral is a national monument and is the seat of the Bishopric of Rodez. The closed west front once formed part of the city wall of Rodez.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Joanna Russ", "paragraph_text": "Joanna Russ was born in The Bronx, New York City, to Evarett I. and Bertha (née Zinner) Russ, both teachers. She began creating works of fiction at a very early age. Over the following years she filled countless notebooks with stories, poems, comics and illustrations, often hand-binding the material with thread.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Bristol Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Bristol Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, is the Church of England cathedral in the city of Bristol, England. Founded in 1140 and consecrated in 1148, it was originally St Augustine's Abbey but after the Dissolution of the Monasteries it became in 1542 the seat of the newly created Bishop of Bristol and the cathedral of the new Diocese of Bristol. It is a Grade I listed building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Hukvaldy", "paragraph_text": "Hukvaldy () is a village in the Czech Republic, in the Moravian-Silesian Region. Population: 1,900. It lies 150m below the ruins of the third-largest castle in the Czech Republic, Hukvaldy Castle (Hrad Hukvaldy), and is the birthplace of the composer Leoš Janáček and palaeontologist Ferdinand Stoliczka.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Münster Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Münster Cathedral or St.-Paulus-Dom is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Münster in Germany, and is dedicated to St Paul. It is counted among the most significant church buildings in Münster and, along with the City Hall, is one of the symbols of the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester", "paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the New England region of the United States. The geographic boundaries of the diocese are the same as those of Worcester County, Massachusetts, the geographically largest county of the state of Massachusetts. It is headed by a bishop who has his see at the Cathedral of Saint Paul in the city of Worcester.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Gothenburg Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Gothenburg Cathedral () is a cathedral in Gothenburg, the second largest city in Sweden. It is the seat of the bishop of the diocese of Gothenburg in the Church of Sweden.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)", "paragraph_text": "St. Patrick's Cathedral is the largest decorated Neo-Gothic - style Catholic cathedral in North America. The cathedral, which can accommodate 3,000 people, is built of brick clad in marble, quarried in Massachusetts and New York. The main block of the cathedral is made of Tuckahoe marble. It takes up a whole city block, between 50th and 51st streets, Madison Avenue and Fifth Avenue. At the transepts, it is 174 feet (53.0 meters) wide and 332 feet (101.2 meters) long. The spires rise 330 feet (100.6 meters) from street level. The slate for the roof came from Monson, Maine.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Graz Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Graz Cathedral (), also called St. Giles' Cathedral (), is the cathedral church in the Austrian city of Graz, dedicated to Saint Giles. It is the seat of the bishop of the Steiermark diocese, called the Diocese of Graz-Seckau. The church was built in 1438-62 by Friederick III in the Gothic architecture. Nearby is Mausoleum of Emperor Ferdinand II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Hidden Side of the Moon", "paragraph_text": "The Hidden Side of the Moon is a feminist science fiction collection of short stories by Joanna Russ, first published in 1987 by St. Martin's Press. The collection covers stories published from 1952 (\"Nor Custom Stale,\" Russ' first published story) to 1983.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Washington National Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the City and Diocese of Washington, commonly known as Washington National Cathedral, is a cathedral of the Episcopal Church located in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. The structure is of Neo-Gothic design closely modeled on English Gothic style of the late fourteenth century. It is both the second - largest church building in the United States, and the fourth - tallest structure in Washington, D.C. The cathedral is the seat of both the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, Michael Bruce Curry, and the Bishop of the Diocese of Washington, Mariann Edgar Budde. Over 270,000 people visit the structure annually.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nativity Cathedral, Riga", "paragraph_text": "The Nativity of Christ Cathedral (, ), Riga, Latvia was built to a design by Nikolai Chagin and Robert Pflug in a Neo-Byzantine style between 1876 and 1883, with decorations made by the firm of August Volz, during the period when the country was part of the Russian Empire. It is the largest Orthodox cathedral in the Baltic provinces built with the blessing of the Russian Tsar Alexander II on the initiative of local governor-general Pyotr Bagration and bishop Veniamin Karelin. The Nativity of Christ Cathedral is renowned for its icons, some of which were painted by Vasili Vereshchagin. During the First World War German troops occupied Riga and turned its largest Russian Orthodox cathedral into a Lutheran church. In independent Latvia, the Nativity of Christ Cathedral once again became an Orthodox cathedral in 1921. Archbishop Jānis Pommers, a native Latvian, played a key part in the defence of the cathedral, including defence from the Latvian government which was extremely unfriendly to Orthodox Church in the first years of an independent Latvia. In the early 1960s, Soviet authorities closed down the cathedral and converted its building into a planetarium. The cathedral has been restored since Latvia regained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Two of Them", "paragraph_text": "The Two of Them is a feminist science fiction novel by Joanna Russ. It was first published in 1978 in the United States by Berkley Books and in Great Britain by The Women's Press in 1986. It was last reissued in 2005 by the Wesleyan University Press with a foreword by Sarah LeFanu.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 145358, "question": "Which city was the birthplace of Joanna Russ?", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 47237, "question": "what is the largest cathedral in #1", "answer": "St. Patrick's Cathedral", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Caribou Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Arcapita was Caribou Coffee's majority shareholder. In 2002, Yusuf al-Qaradawi's involvement with the bank led to a protest of Caribou Coffee. That same year al-Qaradawi stepped down as chairman of the bank's Sharia board.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Henry's World", "paragraph_text": "Henry's World is a Canadian animated children's series produced for Canada's Family Channel by Cuppa Coffee Animation, Alliance Atlantis Communications, but TV Loonland AG only produced season 1. It was first aired from 2002 to 2006, with reruns still currently Nick Jr. in Germany. The series follows Henry Wiggins, a boy who has an extraordinary ability to make his wishes come true when eating his mother's mashed carrots. This was the first stop-motion animated series to be entirely produced in Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "History of coffee", "paragraph_text": "The origin and history of coffee dates back to the 10th century, and possibly earlier with a number of reports and legends surrounding its first use. The native (undomesticated) origin of coffee is thought to have been Ethiopia. The earliest substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree is from the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen. By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, South India (Coorg), Persia, Turkey, Horn of Africa, and northern Africa. Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to South East Asia and then to America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Grappa", "paragraph_text": "In Italy, grappa is primarily served as a digestivo or after - dinner drink. Its main purpose is to aid in the digestion of heavy meals. Grappa may also be added to espresso coffee to create a caffè corretto, meaning ``corrected ''coffee. Another variation of this is the ammazzacaffè (`` coffee - killer''): the espresso is drunk first, followed by a few ounces of grappa served in its own glass. In Veneto, there is resentin (``little rinser ''): after finishing a cup of espresso with sugar, a few drops of grappa are poured into the nearly empty cup, swirled, and drunk down in one sip.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Coffee and Cigarettes", "paragraph_text": "Coffee and Cigarettes is the title of three short films and a 2003 anthology film by independent film director Jim Jarmusch. The film consists of 11 short stories which share coffee and cigarettes as a common thread, and includes the earlier three short films.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Kopi luwak", "paragraph_text": "Although kopi luwak is a form of processing rather than a variety of coffee, it has been called one of the most expensive coffees in the world with retail prices reaching €550 / US $700 per kilogram. The price of farmed (considered low - grade by connoisseurs) kopi luwak in large Indonesian supermarkets is from US $100 per kilogram (five times the price of a high quality local arabica coffee).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Eugster/Frismag", "paragraph_text": "Eugster/Frismag AG, headquartered in Amriswil, Switzerland, is an OEM producer of home appliances, especially coffee machines which are sold under many well-known international brand names. Eugster/Frismag manufactures around 20% of all Nestle machines as well as other machines for brands such as Jura, Koenig, Melitta, Moulinex, or Turmix. The annual production totals 5 million coffee machines. Alongside Saeco, Eugster/Frismag is one of the world's largest producers of coffee machines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Xen Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Xen Coffee is an independent siphon coffee bar in Hong Kong. Xen Coffee's first coffee shop was in Quarry Bay. Xen Coffee serves highly selective coffee varieties from Africa, Indonesia, Central and South Americas. Xen Coffee was awarded Best Fair Trade Cafe in Hong Kong for its effort as a pioneer in promoting Fair Trade products like chocolate from Ghana, organic coffee from Ethiopian Yirgacheffe and the rainforest of Guatemala in Hong Kong. \"Time Out\" magazine (Hong Kong edition) has selected Xen Coffee as one of Hong Kong's 20 Best Coffee Spots. Xen Coffee has also been covered in \"My Coffee Guide\" written by Moses Chan, a coffee geek and celebrity in Hong Kong. Helen Chow, the head Siphonist of Xen Coffee was awarded the title of World Siphonist by the Specialty Coffee Association of Japan (SCAJ) to honor her achievement as second runner-up in the World Siphonist Championship (WSC) 2010. The founder of Xen Coffee, Dixon Ip, is the first person in China to obtain certifications from both the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) and Coffee Quality Institute (CQI) as SCAA Cupping Judge and CQI Licensed Q Grader. Xen Coffee focuses on educating the local community on coffee beyond espresso and promoting the concept of enjoying specialty coffee from single origins.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Kopi luwak", "paragraph_text": "Kopi luwak (Indonesian pronunciation: (ˈkopi ˈlu. aʔ)), or civet coffee, is coffee that includes part - digested coffee cherries eaten and defecated by the Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Maxwell House", "paragraph_text": "In 1915 Cheek - Neal began using a ``Good to the last drop ''slogan to advertise their Maxwell House Coffee. For several years, the ads made no mention of Theodore Roosevelt as the phrase's originator. By the 1930s, however, the company was running advertisements that claimed that the former president had taken a sip of Maxwell House Coffee on a visit to Andrew Jackson's estate, The Hermitage, near Nashville on October 21, 1907, and when served coffee, he proclaimed it to be`` good to the last drop''. During this time, Coca - Cola also used the slogan ``Good to the last drop ''. Later, Maxwell House distanced itself from its original claim, admitting that the slogan was written by Clifford Spiller, former president of General Foods Corporation, and did not come from a Roosevelt remark overheard by Cheek - Neal. The phrase remains a registered trademark of the product and appears on its logo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Escogedoras de café", "paragraph_text": "Escogedoras de café (Coffee Pickers) (1939) is a painting by the Ecuadorian social realist artist Alba Calderón. It is one of her most remarkable and complex paintings. In this tropical-colored painting, peasants are toiling on a coffee plantation overseen by a majordomo with a sheathed machete. The peasants are portrayed as a collective, individuality does not matter; that is why their faces are not shown or are covered by sombreros.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Gloria Jean's Coffees", "paragraph_text": "Gloria Jean's Coffees is a franchised specialty coffeehouse company that has opened more than 1,000 coffee houses across 39 markets worldwide, including over 460 in Australia. In 2014 Gloria Jeans was purchased by the Retail Food Group for $163.5 million.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Coffee and Cigarettes: Somewhere in California", "paragraph_text": "Coffee and Cigarettes: Somewhere in California (also known as Coffee and Cigarettes III) is a 1993 black-and-white short film directed by writer/director Jim Jarmusch shot in Northern California. The film consists primarily of a conversation between musicians Tom Waits and Iggy Pop in a coffee shop. The film would later be included in the feature-length \"Coffee and Cigarettes\" released in 2003. The film won the Golden Palm at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival as best \"Short Film\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Metropolis Coffee Company", "paragraph_text": "Metropolis Coffee Company is a coffee roasting company, wholesaler and retailer with locations at 1039 W. Granville Avenue and 3057 N. Rockwell Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. The company supplies coffee to hundreds of cafes and restaurants throughout the US, Canada, and Korea. In 2005, they were named by \"Newcity\" as the best place in Chicago to buy coffee beans and noted for their donation of $2 to Oxfam for Tsunami for each pound of beans purchased. Metropolis is also a back-to-back winner of the Good Food Awards, and winner of Roast Magazine's Roaster of the Year - A national roasting competition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Diane Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Diane Coffee is the stage name of musician and actor Shaun Fleming from Agoura Hills, California, United States. Diane Coffee released his debut LP \"My Friend Fish\" on October 29, 2013, via record label Western Vinyl.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Costa Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Costa Coffee was founded in London in 1971 by the Costa family as a wholesale operation supplying roasted coffee to caterers and specialist Italian coffee shops. Acquired by Whitbread in 1995, it has since grown to 3,401 stores across 31 countries. The business has 2,121 UK restaurants, over 6,000 Costa Express vending facilities and a further 1,280 outlets overseas (including 395 in China).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Devon Falls", "paragraph_text": "Devon Falls is a waterfall in Sri Lanka, situated 6 km west of Talawakele, Nuwara Eliya District on A7 highway. The falls is named after a pioneer English coffee planter called Devon, whose plantation is situated nearby the falls. The Waterfall is 97 metres high and ranked 19th highest in the Island. The Falls formed by Kothmale Oya, a tributary of Mahaweli River. Altitude of Devon falls is 1,140m above sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Brazil remains the largest coffee exporting nation, however Vietnam tripled its exports between 1995 and 1999 and became a major producer of robusta seeds. Indonesia is the third - largest coffee exporter overall and the largest producer of washed arabica coffee. Organic Honduran coffee is a rapidly growing emerging commodity owing to the Honduran climate and rich soil.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Café Coffee Day", "paragraph_text": "Coffee Day Global Limited Cafe Coffee Day logo Trading name Café Coffee Day Type Subsidiary of Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Traded as BSE: 539436 NSE: COFFEEDAY (parent company) ISIN INE335K01011 Industry Coffeehouse Founded 1996; 22 years ago (1996) Headquarters Coffee Day Square, Vittal Mallya Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Number of locations 1,556 (17 October 2015) Area served India, Austria, Czech Republic, Malaysia and Egypt Key people V.G. Siddhartha (Chairman) Products Coffee Tea Pastries cappuccino beverages Smoothies Revenue ₹13.26 billion (US $210 million) (2015) Number of employees 5000 + Parent Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Subsidiaries Café Emporio Coffee Day Fresh 'n Ground Coffee Day Xpress Coffee Day Take Away Coffee Day Exports Coffee Day Perfect Coffee Day Beverages Website www.cafecoffeeday.com", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Nicholls, Georgia", "paragraph_text": "Nicholls is a city in Coffee County, Georgia, United States. The population was 2,798 as of the 2010 census, up from 1,008 in 2000, due to counting of the Coffee County Correctional Facility population within the city limits. This facility is privately owned and operated by CoreCivic.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 73462, "question": "where does most of our coffee come from", "answer": "Brazil", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 25092, "question": "What is the highest court in #1 ?", "answer": "Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal)", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Soccer in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Soccer in the United States CenturyLink Field, home of the Seattle Sounders Country United States Governing body U.S. Soccer National team Men's Women's First played 1862 Registered players 4,186,778 Clubs 9,000 National competitions U.S. Open Cup (men's) Club competitions List (show) Men's: Major League Soccer United Soccer League North American Soccer League Women's: National Women's Soccer League International competitions List (show) Men's national team: CONCACAF Champions League CONCACAF Gold Cup FIFA World Cup FIFA Confederations Cup Women's national team: SheBelieves Cup CONCACAF Olympic Qualifying Tournament CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup FIFA Women's World Cup Audience records Single match List (show) Men's: 109,318 (Man. Utd. 3 -- 1 Real Madrid at Michigan Stadium, 2014) Women's: 90,185 (USA 5 - 4 (pk) China at Rose Bowl, 1999) Season List (show) Men's: 77,691 (New York Cosmos 8 - 3 Fort Lauderdale Strikers) at Giants Stadium, 1977) Women's: 34,148 (Washington Freedom 1 -- 0 Bay Area CyberRays at RFK Stadium, 2003)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Tahiti national beach soccer team", "paragraph_text": "Tahiti national beach soccer team represents Tahiti or French Polynesia in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the FTF and the FFF, the governing body for football in Tahiti. In contrast to the fortunes of the association football team, Tahiti's beach soccer has, since 2011, been one of the strongest teams in world beach soccer. The team made history at the 2013 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup by becoming the first Pacific nation to qualify for the knockout stages of an international FIFA tournament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Percy Adamson", "paragraph_text": "Percy Adamson was an early twentieth-century American soccer player who was captain of the Brooklyn Field Club when it won the 1914 National Challenge Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Bill Fiedler", "paragraph_text": "William John Fiedler (January 10, 1910 - September, 1985) was an American soccer midfielder who played seven seasons in the American Soccer League. He was on the U.S. national soccer team at both the 1934 FIFA World Cup and 1936 Summer Olympics. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Jack Cowan", "paragraph_text": "Jack Cowan (6 June 1927 – 10 December 2000) was a Canadian association football player who won championships in both Canada and Scotland. He won Scottish Cup and Scottish League titles with Dundee, then capped off his career by winning Canada Soccer's Carling Cup with Vancouver Hale-Co FC. He was inducted into the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame as a player in 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "United States at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The United States men's national soccer team has played in several World Cup finals, with their best result occurring during their first appearance at the 1930 World Cup, when the United States finished in third place. After the 1950 World Cup, in which the United States upset England in group play 1 -- 0, the U.S. was absent from the finals until 1990. The United States has participated in every World Cup since 1990 until they failed to qualify for the 2018 competition after a loss to Trinidad and Tobago in 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Under-19 Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The ICC Under - 19 Cricket World Cup is an international cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC) contested by national under - 19 teams. First contested in 1988, as the Youth World Cup, it was not staged again until 1998. Since then, the World Cup has been held as a biennial event, organised by the ICC. The first edition of the tournament had only eight participants, but every subsequent edition has included sixteen teams. India, the current champions, has won the World Cup four times which is the highest amongst all teams, while Australia has won thrice, Pakistan twice and England, South Africa, and the West Indies once each. Two other teams -- New Zealand and Sri Lanka -- have made a tournament final without going on to win.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final was a women's association football match that took place on 5 July 2015 at BC Place, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, to determine the winner of the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. It was played between Japan and the United States, in a rematch of the 2011 final. The stakes were high for both sides: if the United States won the match, it would be the only country to have won in three Women's World Cup finals; if Japan had won instead, then it would be the first football team, men's or women's, to win twice under the same coach (Norio Sasaki for Japan) since Vittorio Pozzo led Italy to victory in the 1934 World Cup and the 1938 World Cup. Ultimately, the United States won 5–2, winning its first title in 16 years and becoming the first team to win three Women's World Cup finals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2008 World Cup (men's golf)", "paragraph_text": "The 2008 Omega Mission Hills World Cup took place from 27 November to 30 November at Mission Hills Golf Club in Shenzhen, China. It was the 54th World Cup. 28 countries competed and each country sent two players. The team purse was $5,000,000 with $1,600,000 going to the winner. The Swedish team of Robert Karlsson and Henrik Stenson won the tournament. This was the second time that Sweden won the World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Riki van Steeden", "paragraph_text": "Riki van Steeden (born 24 December 1976 in Nelson) is a football (soccer) defender who represented New Zealand internationally, and Auckland City FC in the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Kabaddi in India", "paragraph_text": "India has won all six Kabaddi world cups played till now. Iran is the three times runner - up of world cups. All the world cups were held in India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The World Cup is open to all members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), although the highest - ranking teams receive automatic qualification. The remaining teams are determined via the World Cricket League and the ICC World Cup Qualifier. A total of twenty teams have competed in the eleven editions of the tournament, with fourteen competing in the latest edition in 2015; the next edition in 2019 will have only ten teams. Australia has won the tournament five times, with the West Indies, India (twice each), Pakistan and Sri Lanka (once each) also having won the tournament. The best performance by a non-full - member team came when Kenya made the semi-finals of the 2003 tournament. The tournament is the worlds 4th biggest sporting event behind the FIFA World Cup, Summer Olympics and the Rugby World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "Football is largely considered the Nigeria's national sport and the country has its own Premier League of football. Nigeria's national football team, known as the \"Super Eagles\", has made the World Cup on five occasions 1994, 1998, 2002, 2010, and most recently in 2014. In April 1994, the Super Eagles ranked 5th in the FIFA World Rankings, the highest ranking achieved by an African football team. They won the African Cup of Nations in 1980, 1994, and 2013, and have also hosted the U-17 & U-20 World Cup. They won the gold medal for football in the 1996 Summer Olympics (in which they beat Argentina) becoming the first African football team to win gold in Olympic Football.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Australia at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The Australia national soccer team, nicknamed the Socceroos, has represented Australia at the FIFA World Cup on four occasions: in 1974, 2006, 2010, and 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "2013 Women's Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Women's Cricket World Cup was the tenth Women's Cricket World Cup, which was hosted by India for the third time. India previously hosted the World Cup in 1978 and 1997. Australia won the tournament for the sixth time, beating West Indies by 114 runs in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Fútbol de Primera (radio network)", "paragraph_text": "Fútbol de Primera is an American radio network covering soccer. It has broadcast the World Cup since 2002 along with other FIFA tournaments. FDP also broadcasts Mexico's national team games, the CONCACAF Gold Cup, and had broadcast the Copa América in 2015 and 2016. It is the home of the most exclusive soccer radio rights in the country, including the upcoming 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Fall River Rovers", "paragraph_text": "Fall River Rovers were a United States soccer club, based in Fall River, Massachusetts. They won the 1888 and 1889 American Cups as well as the 1917 National Challenge Cup. In 1921 Rovers were disbanded and a new team, Fall River United were formed to enter the newly established American Soccer League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Steve Trittschuh", "paragraph_text": "Stephen \"Steve\" Trittschuh (born April 24, 1965) is a retired American soccer defender who played professionally in the Major Indoor Soccer League, American Professional Soccer League and Major League Soccer. He also earned thirty-eight caps with the United States men's national soccer team including one game at the 1990 FIFA World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Brian Maisonneuve", "paragraph_text": "Brian Maisonneuve (born June 28, 1973 in Warren, Michigan) is an American retired soccer player and current coach of the Ohio State Buckeyes. He spent his entire professional career as a defensive midfielder with the Columbus Crew of Major League Soccer. He was a member of the U.S. soccer teams at both the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 1998 FIFA World Cup, earning a total of thirteen caps with the U.S. national team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2018 Major League Soccer season", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Major League Soccer season is the 23rd season of Major League Soccer, top division of soccer in the United States and Canada. The regular season began on March 3, 2018 and will conclude on October 28, 2018. The MLS Cup Playoffs will begin on October 31, 2018 and conclude with the MLS Cup 2018 on December 8, 2018. The league will take a nine - day hiatus in early June for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, reduced from previous breaks.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 55296, "question": "who won the most world cups in soccer", "answer": "Brazil", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 25092, "question": "What is the highest court in #1 ?", "answer": "Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal)", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Orcs Must Die! 2", "paragraph_text": "Orcs Must Die! 2 is a trap based action-tower defense video game that Robot Entertainment developed as the follow-up to the original \"Orcs Must Die!\", with Microsoft Game Studios publishing the sequel for Microsoft Windows on July 30, 2012 in the United States. On April 2, 2012, Microsoft announced the development of \"Orcs Must Die! 2\" at the Penny Arcade Expo in Boston (PAX East), with their emphasis on co-operative gameplay as the principal addition over the original.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Huggler Peak", "paragraph_text": "Huggler Peak () is a sharp snow-covered peak, high, in the northern part of Anderson Massif, in the Heritage Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1961–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for John Q. Huggler, a U.S. Navy Reserve storekeeper who assisted in various construction projects at McMurdo Station during U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze in 1966.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Card Sharks", "paragraph_text": "Card Sharks is an American television game show created by Chester Feldman for Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions. Based on the card game Acey Deucey, the game has two contestants compete for control of a row of oversized playing cards by answering questions posed by the host and then guessing if the next card is higher or lower in value than the previous one. The title \"Card Sharks\" is a play on the term 'card sharp', a person skilled at card games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Inindo: Way of the Ninja", "paragraph_text": "Inindo: Way of the Ninja (伊忍道　打倒信長 or \"Inindou Datou Nobunaga\", スーパー伊忍道　打倒信長 or \"Super Inindou Datou Nobunaga\" in its Super Famicom version) is a role-playing video game developed and published by Koei. Originally released for the PC8801SR, PC9801, MSX2 home computer and Sharp X68000, it was remade for the Super NES, which was also released in North America. The game is a fictional account of Japan's warring states period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "John C. Sharp House", "paragraph_text": "The John C. Sharp House, located off Utah 36 in Vernon, Utah, is an Italianate house that was built in 1888.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "It's the Old Army Game", "paragraph_text": "It's the Old Army Game is a 1926 American silent comedy film starring W. C. Fields and Louise Brooks. The \"army game\" is the shell game, a con-trick which WC Fields observes being played. \"It's the old army game\" he says, sagely. The film was directed by A. Edward Sutherland, billed as Eddie Sutherland, and co-stars Sutherland's aunt, the stage actress Blanche Ring in one of her few silent film appearances. The film is based on the revue \"The Comic Supplement\" by Joseph P. McEvoy and Fields, and included several skits from Fields' stage plays.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "McSweeney Point", "paragraph_text": "McSweeney Point () is a sharp rock point east of the terminus of Davidson Glacier, overlooking the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from tellurometer surveys (1961–62) and Navy air photos (1960), and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant R.H. McSweeney, U.S. Navy, Commanding Officer of the during Operation Deep Freeze 1963.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Hanover", "paragraph_text": "Hannover 96 (nickname Die Roten or 'The Reds') is the top local football team that plays in the Bundesliga top division. Home games are played at the HDI-Arena, which hosted matches in the 1974 and 2006 World Cups and the Euro 1988. Their reserve team Hannover 96 II plays in the fourth league. Their home games were played in the traditional Eilenriedestadium till they moved to the HDI Arena due to DFL directives. Arminia Hannover is another very traditional soccer team in Hanover that has played in the first league for years and plays now in the Niedersachsen-West Liga (Lower Saxony League West). Home matches are played in the Rudolf-Kalweit-Stadium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Knights of Xentar", "paragraph_text": "Knights of Xentar is an eroge role-playing video game published for the MS-DOS in North America by Megatech Software in 1995 and has been originally published as Dragon Knight III (ドラゴンナイトIII) in Japan in 1992-1994. It is part of the \"Dragon Knight\" series of games created by Japanese game developer ELF, who originally released the game for the NEC PC-9801 computer in 1991, followed by ports for the Sharp X68000 and PC Engine CD platforms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Sharpe's Trafalgar", "paragraph_text": "Sharpe's Trafalgar is the fourth historical novel in the Richard Sharpe series by Bernard Cornwell, first published in 2000. It is the first of the novels in the wars against Napoleon, putting the army ensign at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The novel is the first time that Sharpe encounters the Nock Gun, originally developed for the Navy and the later weapon of choice of Patrick Harper.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sharps rifle", "paragraph_text": "Sharps rifles are a series of large-bore single-shot rifles, beginning with a design by Christian Sharps in 1848, and ceasing production in 1881. They were renowned for long-range accuracy. By 1874 the rifle was available in a variety of calibers, and had been adopted by the armies of a number of nations. It was one of the few designs to successfully transition to metallic cartridge use.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Shou Lung", "paragraph_text": "In the fictional Forgotten Realms campaign setting of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, Shou Lung is a country in the continent of Kara-Tur, which is located to the east of Faerûn. It is modeled on Imperial China and is arguably the largest and most powerful nation in the world, due to the sheer size of their armies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Army Navy Match", "paragraph_text": "The Army Navy Match Part of the Inter-Services Competition Twickenham Stadium ARU RNRU Locale London Teams ARU RNRU First meeting 13 February 1878 (Annually since 6 March 1909) Latest meeting 5 May 2018 Army 22 - 14 Stadiums Twickenham Stadium Trophy The Babcock Trophy Statistics All - time series Army 62, Navy 35, Draws 4 (1939, 1969 1980 and 2016) Largest victory Army, 50 -- 7 (2009) Smallest victory Navy 11 -- 10 (1921), Navy 9 -- 8 (1948), Navy 17 -- 16 (1978), Army 10 -- 9 (1983) The above statistics do not include the matches before the first official match in 1907. 1907 was the first official Army Navy match played after the formation of the Army RUgby Union in 1906. The Royal Navy Rugby Union did not form until the 1907 / 08 season. Other information Current sponsor Babcock International", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Arcus Odyssey", "paragraph_text": "Arcus Odyssey is an action role-playing game video game developed by Wolf Team and released by Renovation Products in 1991 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and Sharp X68000 and in 1993 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. The game features an isometric perspective and cooperative gameplay, as well hack and slash gameplay. It tells the story of four heroes trying to thwart the return of an evil sorceress.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Sharpe's Triumph", "paragraph_text": "Sharpe's Triumph is the second historical novel in the Richard Sharpe series by Bernard Cornwell, first published in 1998. Sharpe is a sergeant in the army who attracts the attention of General Arthur Wellesley at Ahmednuggur.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Army–Navy Game", "paragraph_text": "Army -- Navy Game Army Black Knights Navy Midshipmen Sport College football First meeting November 29, 1890 Latest meeting December 9, 2017 Next meeting December 8, 2018 Statistics Meetings total 118 All - time record Navy leads 60 -- 51 -- 7 Longest win streak Navy, 14 (2002 -- 2015) Current win streak Army, 2 (2016 -- present)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Short Sharp Shocked", "paragraph_text": "Short Sharp Shocked is the second album by Michelle Shocked. Originally released in 1988, it was remastered and reissued in 2003 as a two-CD set by Shocked's own label, Mighty Sound. The title is a play on the phrase short, sharp shock. The record title and cover image is similar to that of the 1984 Chaos U.K. album \"Short Sharp Shock\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas", "paragraph_text": "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas is a video game developed by n-Space and published by Fox Interactive for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation in 2000. It is a sequel to \"Die Hard Trilogy\", which was based on the \"Die Hard\" series of action movies. Like its predecessor, the game features three distinct genres; a third-person shooter, a light gun game, and an action driving game. However, unlike \"Die Hard Trilogy\", which featured three separate storylines based on the first three \"Die Hard\" films, \"Die Hard Trilogy 2\" features a single original storyline that alternates between the three genres throughout the levels.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Hendrick Sharp", "paragraph_text": "Hendrick Sharp (1815 – July 1892) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Founders Peaks", "paragraph_text": "The Founders Peaks are a cluster of sharp peaks and ridges located just east of Founders Escarpment and between Minnesota Glacier and Gowan Glacier, in the Heritage Range of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. The peaks were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66. The name was applied by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names is association with the name Heritage Range.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 145795, "question": "At what location did Sharp Delany die?", "answer": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 59330, "question": "where is the army navy game played in #1", "answer": "Lincoln Financial Field", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Arch of Septimius Severus", "paragraph_text": "Arch of Septimius Severus Location Regione VIII Forum Romanum Built in 203 AD Built by / for Septimius Severus Type of structure Triumphal arch Related List of ancient monuments in Rome Arch of Septimius Severus", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Natural Bridge State Park (Wisconsin)", "paragraph_text": "Natural Bridge State Park is a state park of Wisconsin, United States, featuring Wisconsin's largest natural arch. Directly beneath the arch is the Raddatz Rockshelter, a rock shelter once used by Paleo-Indians and now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The park is located southwest of Baraboo between the unincorporated communities of Leland and Denzer, in the town of Honey Creek.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Molen van Aerden", "paragraph_text": "The Molen van Aerden (English: \"Aerden's Mill\") is a windmill located on the Raadhuisstraat 28A in Nispen, Roosendaal, in the province of North Brabant, Netherlands. Built in 1850 on an artificial hill, the windmill functioned as gristmill. It was built as a tower mill and its sails have a span of . The mill is a national monument (nr 32716) since 19 May 1971. The Molen van Aerden can be visited by appointment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Da Vinci Code", "paragraph_text": "The real meaning of the last message is that the Grail is buried beneath the small pyramid directly below the La Pyramide Inversée, the inverted glass pyramid of the Louvre. It also lies beneath the ``Rose Line, ''an allusion to`` Rosslyn.'' Langdon figures out this final piece to the puzzle; he follows the Rose Line to La Pyramide Inversée, where he kneels before the hidden sarcophagus of Mary Magdalene, as the Templar knights did before him.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Monument to the Revolution of the people of Moslavina", "paragraph_text": "Monument to the Revolution of the people of Moslavina or simply Monument to the Revolution () is a World War II memorial sculpture by Dušan Džamonja, located in Podgarić, Berek, Croatia. It is dedicated to the people of Moslavina during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "The centre of Paris contains the most visited monuments in the city, including the Notre Dame Cathedral and the Louvre as well as the Sainte-Chapelle; Les Invalides, where the tomb of Napoleon is located, and the Eiffel Tower are located on the Left Bank south-west of the centre. The banks of the Seine from the Pont de Sully to the Pont d'Iéna have been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991. Other landmarks are laid out east to west along the historic axis of Paris, which runs from the Louvre through the Tuileries Garden, the Luxor Column in the Place de la Concorde, the Arc de Triomphe, to the Grande Arche of La Défense.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "National Monument (Malaysia)", "paragraph_text": "The National Monument is a sculpture that commemorates those who died in Malaysia's struggle for freedom, principally against the Japanese occupation during World War II and the Malayan Emergency, which lasted from 1948 until 1960. It is located in the Federal capital, Kuala Lumpur. The Malaysian Houses of Parliament are situated near the monument.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sanctuary of Vicoforte", "paragraph_text": "The Santuario di Vicoforte (also known as Santuario Regina Montis Regalis) is a monumental church located in the commune of Vicoforte, province of Cuneo, Piedmont, northern Italy. It is known for having the largest elliptical cupola in the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Richmond, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "The city is home to many monuments and memorials, most notably those along Monument Avenue. Other monuments include the A.P. Hill monument, the Bill \"Bojangles\" Robinson monument in Jackson Ward, the Christopher Columbus monument near Byrd Park, and the Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument on Libby Hill. Located near Byrd Park is the famous World War I Memorial Carillon, a 56-bell carillon tower. Dedicated in 1956, the Virginia War Memorial is located on Belvedere overlooking the river, and is a monument to Virginians who died in battle in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the War in Afghanistan, and the Iraq War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Granada", "paragraph_text": "The Alhambra is a Nasrid \"palace city\". It was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1984. It is certainly Granada's most emblematic monument and one of the most visited in Spain. It consists of a defensive zone, the Alcazaba, together with others of a residential and formal state character, the Nasrid Palaces and, lastly, the palace, gardens and orchards of the Generalife.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Patuxai", "paragraph_text": "Patuxai (Lao: ປະຕູໄຊ, literally meaning Victory Gate or Gate of Triumph, formerly the Anousavary or Anosavari Monument, known by the French as Monument Aux Morts) is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, built between 1957 and 1968. The Patuxai was dedicated to those who fought in the struggle for independence from France. In romanising the name from the Laotian language, it is variously transliterated as Patuxai, Patuxay, Patousai and Patusai. It is also called Patuxai Arch or the Arc de Triomphe of Vientiane as it resembles the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. However, it is typically Laotian in design, decorated with mythological creatures such as the kinnari (half-female, half-bird).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hyderabad", "paragraph_text": "Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical Persian architecture featuring domes and colossal arches. The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of Golconda fort built in the 16th century. The Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Charkaman and Qutb Shahi tombs are other existing structures of this period. Among these the Charminar has become an icon of the city; located in the centre of old Hyderabad, it is a square structure with sides 20 m (66 ft) long and four grand arches each facing a road. At each corner stands a 56 m (184 ft)-high minaret. Most of the historical bazaars that still exist were constructed on the street north of Charminar towards Golconda fort. The Charminar, Qutb Shahi tombs and Golconda fort are considered to be monuments of national importance in India; in 2010 the Indian government proposed that the sites be listed for UNESCO World Heritage status.:11–18", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Aqueduct of Segovia", "paragraph_text": "To reach the old city, the water is conveyed by its aqueduct bridge. At Plaza de Díaz Sanz (Díaz Sanz Plaza), the structure makes an abrupt turn and heads toward Plaza Azoguejo (Azoguejo Plaza). It is there the monument begins to display its full splendor. At its tallest, the aqueduct reaches a height of 28.5 m (93 ft 6 in), including nearly 6 m (19 ft 8 in) of foundation. There are both single and double arches supported by pillars. From the point the aqueduct enters the city until it reaches Plaza de Díaz Sanz, it includes 75 single arches and 44 double arches (or 88 arches when counted individually), followed by four single arches, totalling 167 arches in all.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "World Tourism rankings", "paragraph_text": "Rank Destination International tourist arrivals (2016) International tourist arrivals (2015) Change (2015 to 2016) (%) Change (2014 to 2015) (%) France 82.6 million 84.5 million 2.2 0.9 United States 75.6 million 77.5 million 2.4 3.3 Spain 75.6 million 68.5 million 10.3 5.5 China 59.3 million 56.9 million 4.2 2.3 5 Italy 52.4 million 50.7 million 3.2 4.4 6 United Kingdom 35.8 million 34.4 million 4.0 5.6 7 Germany 35.6 million 35.0 million 1.7 6.0 8 Mexico 35.0 million 32.1 million 8.9 9.4 9 Thailand 32.6 million 29.9 million 8.9 20.6 10 Austria 28.1 million 26.7 million 5.2 5.7", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "The Monument in the City of London provides views of the surrounding area while commemorating the Great Fire of London, which originated nearby. Marble Arch and Wellington Arch, at the north and south ends of Park Lane respectively, have royal connections, as do the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. Nelson's Column is a nationally recognised monument in Trafalgar Square, one of the focal points of central London. Older buildings are mainly brick built, most commonly the yellow London stock brick or a warm orange-red variety, often decorated with carvings and white plaster mouldings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Independence Arch (Accra)", "paragraph_text": "The Independence Arch in Accra, Ghana, is part of the Independence Square which contains monuments to Ghana's independence struggle, including the Independence Arch, Black Star Gate, and the Liberation Day Monument.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Bismarck Monument (Bad Kissingen)", "paragraph_text": "The Bismarck Monument in Bad Kissingen is located in Hausen (a quarter of the German spa town, Bad Kissingen), which Chancellor Otto von Bismarck visited 14 times to \"take the cure\" between 1876 and 1893. The monument was built in 1877, during his lifetime. It was the first statue to be erected in Bismarck's honour.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Gateway Arch", "paragraph_text": "Built as a monument to the westward expansion of the United States, the arch typifies ``the pioneer spirit of the men and women who won the West, and those of a latter day to strive on other frontiers. ''The arch has become the iconic image of St. Louis, appearing in many parts of city culture. In 1968, three years after the monument's opening, the St. Louis phone directory contained 65 corporations with`` Gateway'' in their title and 17 with ``Arch ''. Arches also appeared over gas stations and drive - in restaurants. In the 1970s, a local sports team adopted the name`` Fighting Arches''; St. Louis Community College would later (when consolidating all athletic programs under a single banner) name its sports teams ``Archers ''. Robert S. Chandler, an NPS superintendent, said,`` Most (visitors) are awed by the size and scale of the Arch, but they do n't understand what it's all about... Too many people see it as just a symbol of the city of St. Louis.''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Arc de Triomphe", "paragraph_text": "The Arc de Triomphe should not be confused with a smaller arch, the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, which stands west of the Louvre. The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces. Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Earth's outer core", "paragraph_text": "The outer core of the Earth is a fluid layer about 2,400 km (1,500 mi) thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. Its outer boundary lies 2,890 km (1,800 mi) beneath Earth's surface. The transition between the inner core and outer core is located approximately 5,150 km (3,200 mi) beneath the Earth's surface. Unlike the inner core, the outer core is liquid. The inner core is also referred to as the solid core.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 79422, "question": "what is the most visited location in the world", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 71191, "question": "what lies beneath the arch monument in #1", "answer": "the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Basque pelota at the 1924 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Basque Pelota was a demonstration sport at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was the second time that the sport was included in the Olympic program; it was an official Olympic sport at the 1900 Games that were also held in Paris. It would be included as a demonstration in another two occasions at the 1968 Games in Mexico City and the 1992 Games in Barcelona.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Baseball at the 2000 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Baseball at the 2000 Summer Olympics was the third time an Olympic baseball tournament had been held as a full medal sport, and the ninth time it had been part of the Summer Olympic Games in any capacity. It was held in Sydney, Australia from 17 September through to the bronze and gold medal games on 27 September. Two venues were used for the Games: the Sydney Baseball Stadium and Blacktown Olympic Park. For the first time in Olympic competition, professional baseball players were eligible to participate, though no active players from Major League Baseball were available.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "2018 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (Korean: 제 23 회동계올림픽, translit. Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was an international winter multi-sport event held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018, the eve of the opening ceremony. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This was the first time that South Korea had hosted the Winter Olympics and the second Olympics held in the country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998), both in Japan. It was also the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia, the other two being the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres", "paragraph_text": "The men's 100 metres sprint event at the 1952 Olympic Games in Helsinki, Finland was held at the Olympic Stadium on 20 and 21 July. The final was won by American Lindy Remigino.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Winter Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "The Olympic Winter Games (official name) (French: Jeux olympiques d'hiver) is a major international sporting event held once every four years, for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, was held in Chamonix, France. The original five sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating). The Games were held every four years from 1924 to 1936, interrupted in 1940 and 1944 by World War II, and resumed in 1948. Until 1992 the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four - year cycles in alternating even - numbered years, the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2020 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The games are planned to be held from 24 July to 9 August 2020 in Tokyo. The city was announced as the host at the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires on 7 September 2013. It will also become the largest city ever in East Asia to host the Summer Olympics, a distinction currently held by Seoul, which hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics. It will be the 2nd time Tokyo hosts the Olympics; they previously hosted in 1964.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2018 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (Korean: 제 23 회동계올림픽, translit. Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was a major multi-sport event held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018, the eve of the opening ceremony. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This marks the first time South Korea has hosted the Winter Olympics, and the second time the Olympic games have been held in the country, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. It also marks the third time East Asia has hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo, Japan (1972), and Nagano, Japan (1998), and the sixth overall Olympic Games held in East Asia. It was the first of three consecutive Olympic Games to be held in East Asia, preceding Tokyo 2020 (Summer) and Beijing 2022 (Winter).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Youth Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "The Youth Olympic Games (YOG) is an international multi-sport event organized by the International Olympic Committee. The games are held every four years in staggered summer and winter events consistent with the current Olympic Games format, though in reverse order with Winter Games held in leap years instead of Summer Games. The first summer version was held in Singapore from 14 to 26 August 2010 while the first winter version was held in Innsbruck, Austria from 13 to 22 January 2012. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18. The idea of such an event was introduced by Johann Rosenzopf from Austria in 1998. On 6 July 2007, International Olympic Committee (IOC) members at the 119th IOC session in Guatemala City approved the creation of a youth version of the Olympic Games, with the intention of sharing the costs of hosting the event between the IOC and the host city, whereas the traveling costs of athletes and coaches were to be paid by the IOC. These Games will also feature cultural exchange programs and opportunities for participants to meet Olympic athletes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "On 10 February 2010, the 122nd IOC session at Vancouver announced Nanjing as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games. The slogan of the 2014 Youth Olympic Games was “Share the Games, Share our Dreams”. The Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games featured all 28 sports on the Olympic programme and were held from 16 to 28 August. The Nanjing Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee (NYOGOC) worked together with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to attract the best young athletes from around the world to compete at the highest level. Off the competition fields, an integrated culture and education programme focused on discussions about education, Olympic values, social challenges, and cultural diversity. The YOG aims to spread the Olympic spirit and encourage sports participation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres", "paragraph_text": "The men's 100 metres sprint event at the 1948 Olympic Games in London, England, we held at Wembley Stadium on 30 and 31 July. The final was won by American Harrison Dillard, in a photo finish. This was the first time a photo finish camera was used at an Olympic Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne is notable as the host city for the 1956 Summer Olympic Games (the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere and Oceania, with all previous games held in Europe and the United States), along with the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Melbourne is so far the southernmost city to host the games. The city is home to three major annual international sporting events: the Australian Open (one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments); the Melbourne Cup (horse racing); and the Australian Grand Prix (Formula One). Also, the Australian Masters golf tournament is held at Melbourne since 1979, having been co-sanctioned by the European Tour from 2006 to 2009. Melbourne was proclaimed the \"World's Ultimate Sports City\", in 2006, 2008 and 2010. The city is home to the National Sports Museum, which until 2003 was located outside the members pavilion at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. It reopened in 2008 in the Olympic Stand.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "Mexico City remains the only Latin American city to host the Olympic Games, having held the Summer Olympics in 1968, winning bids against Buenos Aires, Lyon and Detroit. (This too will change thanks to Rio, 2016 Summer Games host). The city hosted the 1955 and 1975 Pan American Games, the last after Santiago and São Paulo withdrew. The ICF Flatwater Racing World Championships were hosted here in 1974 and 1994. Lucha libre is a Mexican style of wrestling, and is one of the more popular sports throughout the country. The main venues in the city are Arena México and Arena Coliseo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Baseball at the 1984 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Baseball at the 1984 Summer Olympics was a demonstration sport. Although single exhibition games had been played in conjunction with five previous Olympics, it was the first time that the sport was officially included in the program, and also the first time that the sport was played in Olympics held in the United States. Eight teams competed in Los Angeles, California in the tournament. Games were held at Dodger Stadium. Cuba, after winning the gold medal at the 1983 Pan American Games, was to participate, but did not as a result of the Soviet-led boycott.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming", "paragraph_text": "The men's underwater swimming was an event on the Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics schedule in Paris. The 1900 Games were the only occasion such an event was held. It was held on 12 August 1900. 14 swimmers from 4 nations competed. It was not featured at later Olympic games because of lack of spectator appeal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "Greek interest in reviving the Olympic Games began with the Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1821. It was first proposed by poet and newspaper editor Panagiotis Soutsos in his poem ``Dialogue of the Dead '', published in 1833. Evangelos Zappas, a wealthy Greek - Romanian philanthropist, first wrote to King Otto of Greece, in 1856, offering to fund a permanent revival of the Olympic Games. Zappas sponsored the first Olympic Games in 1859, which was held in an Athens city square. Athletes participated from Greece and the Ottoman Empire. Zappas funded the restoration of the ancient Panathenaic Stadium so that it could host all future Olympic Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "2018 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (Korean: 제 23 회동계올림픽, translit. Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik), officially stylized and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, is an international multi-sport event currently being held from 9 to 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony -- 8 February 2018. Pyeongchang was elected as the host in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. It marks the first time South Korea has hosted the Winter Olympics, and the second Olympics in the country overall after the 1988 Summer Olympics in the nation's capital, Seoul. It also marks the third time East Asia has hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo, Japan (1972), and Nagano, Japan (1998), and the sixth overall Olympic Games held in East Asia. It is the first of three consecutive Olympic Games scheduled to be held in East Asia, preceding Tokyo 2020 (Summer) and Beijing 2022 (Winter).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "2018 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This was the first time that South Korea had hosted the Winter Olympics and the second Olympics held in the country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998), both in Japan. It was also the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia, the other two being the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ancient Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "The ancient Olympics had fewer events than the modern games, and only freeborn Greek men were allowed to participate, although there were victorious women chariot owners. As long as they met the entrance criteria, athletes from any Greek city - state and kingdom were allowed to participate, although the Hellanodikai, the officials in charge, allowed king Alexander I of Macedon to participate in the games only after he had proven his Greek ancestry. The games were always held at Olympia rather than moving between different locations as is the practice with the modern Olympic Games. Victors at the Olympics were honored, and their feats chronicled for future generations.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 145869, "question": "In what city did Albert Schreiner die?", "answer": "Berlin", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 77801, "question": "when were the olympic games held in #1", "answer": "1936 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "CBVE-FM", "paragraph_text": "CBVE-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts the programming of the CBC Radio One network at 104.7 FM in Quebec City, Quebec. The station's main transmitter is located at Mount Bélair. Its studios are co-located with its francophone sister stations on Rue St-Jean in Downtown Quebec City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "KXQQ-FM", "paragraph_text": "KXQQ-FM is a commercial radio station located in Henderson, Nevada, broadcasting in the Las Vegas, Nevada area on 100.5 FM. KXQQ-FM airs a rhythmic hot AC format, billed as \"Q100.5.\" Owned by Entercom, the station's studios are located in the unincorporated Clark County area of Spring Valley, while KXQQ-FM's transmitter is atop Black Mountain in Henderson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "WQLN-FM", "paragraph_text": "WQLN-FM (91.3 FM, \"Q-91.3 FM\") is a National Public Radio member station that serves the Erie, Pennsylvania, area of the United States. Its studios are located in Erie.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level. Situated onshore of the Atlantic Ocean, Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous United States with an oceanic coastline.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "KHTE-FM", "paragraph_text": "KHTE-FM is a commercial urban contemporary radio station licensed in England, Arkansas, United States, broadcasting to the Little Rock, Arkansas, area on 96.5 FM. KHTE-FM is currently branded as \"96.5 The Box\". The station's studios are located in West Little Rock, and the transmitter tower is in Redfield, Arkansas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "North East Side (Denver)", "paragraph_text": "The North East Side (Denver), is a region/area located in both Denver County and Adams County. The neighborhoods located within Denver's north east side are Elyria-Swansea, Commerce City, and Derby. As of the 2007 Denver Piton Foundation and the United States Census Bureau, the region/area had a total population of 53,541 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "KKHK", "paragraph_text": "KKHK (95.5 FM, \"Bob FM\") is a commercial adult hits radio station in Carmel, California, broadcasting to the Santa Cruz-Monterey-Salinas, California area on 95.5 FM. Its studios are in Monterey while its transmitter is located east of the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "KZND-FM", "paragraph_text": "KZND-FM (94.7 FM, \"94/7 Alternative Anchorage”) is a commercial radio station located in Houston, Alaska, broadcasting to the Anchorage, Alaska, area. KZND airs an Alternative rock format. It is locally owned by Last Frontier Mediactive. Its studios are located on Business Park Boulevard in Anchorage, and its transmitter is located in Eagle River, Alaska.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "KORL-FM", "paragraph_text": "KORL-FM is an American commercial radio station located in Waianae, Hawaii, broadcasting to the Honolulu, Hawaii area on 101.1 FM. KORL-FM airs an oldies music format. The station is currently owned by Hochman Hawaii Three, Inc.. It also transmits on Oceanic Time Warner Cable digital channel 883 for the entire state of Hawaii. Its studios are located in Downtown Honolulu, and its transmitter is located near Akupu, Hawaii.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "KCIX", "paragraph_text": "KCIX (105.9 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Garden City, Idaho, broadcasting to the Boise, Idaho, area. KCIX airs a hot adult contemporary music format.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "WKOA", "paragraph_text": "WKOA (105.3 FM), known as \"K 105\", is a radio station licensed to the city of Lafayette, Indiana. The station operates on the FM radio frequency of 105.3 MHz, FM channel 287. The studios are located at 3575 McCarty Lane in Lafayette, Indiana. The tower is located at the same location.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "KKOB-FM", "paragraph_text": "KKOB-FM is an FM radio station based in Albuquerque, New Mexico, owned by Cumulus Media. It broadcasts on 93.3 MHz and has a Top 40 format. Its studios are located in Downtown Albuquerque and the transmitter tower is located atop Sandia Crest east of the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "KGTM", "paragraph_text": "KGTM is a Hot AC formatted radio station located in Shelley, Idaho, broadcasting to Eastern Idaho area on 98.1 FM.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "WBUR-FM", "paragraph_text": "WBUR-FM (90.9 FM) is a public radio station located in Boston, Massachusetts, owned by Boston University. WBUR is the largest of three NPR member stations in Boston, along with WGBH and WUMB-FM. WBUR produces several nationally distributed programs, including \"Car Talk\", \"On Point\", \"Only a Game\", \"Here and Now\" and \"Open Source\", and previously produced \"The Connection\" (which was canceled on August 5, 2005). \"RadioBoston\", launched in 2007, is WBUR's only purely local show. WBUR's positioning statement is \"Boston's NPR News Station\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "KYQQ", "paragraph_text": "KYQQ is a radio station operating in Wichita, Kansas, in the United States, and licensed to Arkansas City, Kansas. Calling itself \"Radio Lobo 106.5,\" the station airs a Regional Mexican format and is owned by SummitMedia. Its studios are co-located with radio stations KFDI-FM, KICT-FM, KFXJ-FM and KFTI in Wichita. The transmitter is located north of Winfield, Kansas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "KXXY-FM", "paragraph_text": "KXXY-FM (96.1 FM, \"96.1 KXY\") is a country music formatted radio station serving the Oklahoma City area and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. KXY was the flagship station of the Oklahoma City Barons hockey team before they left Oklahoma City. Its transmitter is located in Northeast Oklahoma City, and studios are located at the 50 Penn Place building on the Northwest side.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "KFLT-FM", "paragraph_text": "KFLT-FM (104.1 FM) is a religious radio station in Tucson, Arizona. KFLT-FM is owned by Family Life Broadcasting, Inc. It is based from studios co-located with television station KGUN-TV in Tucson, and a transmitter site is located in the city's northwest side.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "KBBO-FM", "paragraph_text": "KBBO-FM (92.1 FM, \"Bob FM\") is a commercial variety hits music radio station in Houston, Alaska, broadcasting to the Anchorage, Alaska, area. It is owned by Ohana Media. Its studios are located in Downtown Anchorage and its transmitter is in Eagle River, Alaska.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "Boston is the largest broadcasting market in New England, with the radio market being the 11th largest in the United States. Several major AM stations include talk radio WRKO, sports/talk station WEEI, and CBS Radio WBZ. WBZ (AM) broadcasts a news radio format. A variety of commercial FM radio formats serve the area, as do NPR stations WBUR and WGBH. College and university radio stations include WERS (Emerson), WHRB (Harvard), WUMB (UMass Boston), WMBR (MIT), WZBC (Boston College), WMFO (Tufts University), WBRS (Brandeis University), WTBU (Boston University, campus and web only), WRBB (Northeastern University) and WMLN-FM (Curry College).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "WTKP", "paragraph_text": "WTKP (93.5 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Port St. Joe, Florida broadcasting in the Panama City area on 93.5 FM.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 128489, "question": "What city is WBUR-FM located?", "answer": "Boston", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 6832, "question": "What is the total area of #1 ?", "answer": "89.6 square miles", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "J. Edward Hutchinson", "paragraph_text": "Hutchinson was born in Fennville, Michigan and graduated from Fennville High School in 1932, and from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor in 1936. He graduated from the University of Michigan Law School in 1938; was admitted to the bar in 1938 and began the practice of law in Allegan, Michigan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Perry Bullard", "paragraph_text": "Bullard was born in Cleveland, Ohio and attended Harvard University. After serving in the United States Navy during the Vietnam War, he obtained his law degree from the University of Michigan Law School. He then ran successfully for the Michigan House of Representatives in 1972. He continued to hold his 53rd-district seat, representing Ann Arbor, until 1993.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Sproton Layer", "paragraph_text": "Sproton Layer was an American rock and roll group formed in Ann Arbor, Michigan in the late 1960s. Their music was mostly hard rock with psychedelic touches.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "A person from Ann Arbor is called an \"Ann Arborite\", and many long-time residents call themselves \"townies\". The city itself is often called \"A²\" (\"A-squared\") or \"A2\" (\"A two\") or \"AA\", \"The Deuce\" (mainly by Chicagoans), and \"Tree Town\". With tongue-in-cheek reference to the city's liberal political leanings, some occasionally refer to Ann Arbor as \"The People's Republic of Ann Arbor\" or \"25 square miles surrounded by reality\", the latter phrase being adapted from Wisconsin Governor Lee Dreyfus's description of Madison, Wisconsin. In A Prairie Home Companion broadcast from Ann Arbor, Garrison Keillor described Ann Arbor as \"a city where people discuss socialism, but only in the fanciest restaurants.\" Ann Arbor sometimes appears on citation indexes as an author, instead of a location, often with the academic degree MI, a misunderstanding of the abbreviation for Michigan. Ann Arbor has become increasingly gentrified in recent years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Neil Staebler", "paragraph_text": "Staebler had German ancestry. He was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan and graduated from Ann Arbor High School in 1922. He received a B.A. from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1926. He served on the staff of the Office of Price Administration, 1942–1943, and in the United States Navy, 1943-1945. He was chairman, of the Michigan state Democratic central committee, 1950–1961 and a member of the Democratic National Committee, 1961–1964 and 1965-1968. He was a visiting professor at the University of Massachusetts in 1962. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention from Michigan in 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, and 1968.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Bruno Simma", "paragraph_text": "He also currently serves as an affiliated overseas faculty member of the University of Michigan Law School, teaching classes in Ann Arbor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum is located in a renovated and expanded historic downtown fire station. Multiple art galleries exist in the city, notably in the downtown area and around the University of Michigan campus. Aside from a large restaurant scene in the Main Street, South State Street, and South University Avenue areas, Ann Arbor ranks first among U.S. cities in the number of booksellers and books sold per capita. The Ann Arbor District Library maintains four branch outlets in addition to its main downtown building. The city is also home to the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Plenary power", "paragraph_text": "In regard to immigration law, Congress, under the Plenary Power Doctrine, has the power to make immigration policy subject to judicial oversight. The Executive Branch is charged with enforcing the immigration laws passed by Congress. The doctrine is based on the concept that immigration is a question of national sovereignty, relating to a nation's right to define its own borders. Courts generally refrain from interfering in immigration matters. Historically, the U.S. Supreme Court has taken a hands - off approach when asked to review the political branches' immigration decisions and policy - making. The Center for Immigration Studies, an organization with a slant toward isolationism, suggests there is a movement to ``erode ''political - branch control over immigration in favor of a judge - administered system and that the results have created national security concerns. The U.S. Supreme Court case Zadvydas v. Davis is cited as an example of the U.S. Supreme Court not following plenary power precedent.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Ann Arbor has a long history of openness to marijuana, given Ann Arbor's decriminalization of cannabis, the large number of medical marijuana dispensaries in the city (one dispensary, called People's Co-op, was directly across the street from Michigan Stadium until zoning forced it to move one mile to the west), the large number of pro-marijuana residents, and the annual Hash Bash: an event that is held on the first Saturday of April. Until (at least) the successful passage of Michigan's medical marijuana law, the event had arguably strayed from its initial intent, although for years, a number of attendees have received serious legal responses due to marijuana use on University of Michigan property, which does not fall under the City's progressive and compassionate ticketing program.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Cecil Creal", "paragraph_text": "Cecil O. Creal (19 December 1899 – 20 November 1986) was mayor of Ann Arbor, in the U.S. state of Michigan, from 1959 to 1965.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.70 square miles (74.33 km2), of which, 27.83 square miles (72.08 km2) of it is land and 0.87 square miles (2.25 km2) is water, much of which is part of the Huron River. Ann Arbor is about 35 miles (56 km) west of Detroit. Ann Arbor Charter Township adjoins the city's north and east sides. Ann Arbor is situated on the Huron River in a productive agricultural and fruit-growing region. The landscape of Ann Arbor consists of hills and valleys, with the terrain becoming steeper near the Huron River. The elevation ranges from about 750 feet (230 m) along the Huron River to 1,015 feet (309 m) on the city's west side, near the intersection of Maple Road and Pauline Blvd. Generally, the west-central and northwestern parts of the city and U-M's North Campus are the highest parts of the city; the lowest parts are along the Huron River and in the southeast. Ann Arbor Municipal Airport, which is south of the city at 42°13.38′N 83°44.74′W / 42.22300°N 83.74567°W / 42.22300; -83.74567, has an elevation of 839 feet (256 m).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics. Ann Arbor also became a locus for left-wing activism and served as a hub for the civil-rights movement and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as the student movement. The first major meetings of the national left-wing campus group Students for a Democratic Society took place in Ann Arbor in 1960; in 1965, the city was home to the first U.S. teach-in against the Vietnam War. During the ensuing 15 years, many countercultural and New Left enterprises sprang up and developed large constituencies within the city. These influences washed into municipal politics during the early and mid-1970s when three members of the Human Rights Party (HRP) won city council seats on the strength of the student vote. During their time on the council, HRP representatives fought for measures including pioneering antidiscrimination ordinances, measures decriminalizing marijuana possession, and a rent-control ordinance; many of these remain in effect in modified form. Alongside these liberal and left-wing efforts, a small group of conservative institutions were born in Ann Arbor. These include Word of God (established in 1967), a charismatic inter-denominational movement; and the Thomas More Law Center (established in 1999), a religious-conservative advocacy group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "High tech companies have located in the area since the 1930s, when International Radio Corporation introduced the first mass-produced AC/DC radio (the Kadette, in 1931) as well as the first pocket radio (the Kadette Jr., in 1933). The Argus camera company, originally a subsidiary of International Radio, manufactured cameras in Ann Arbor from 1936 to the 1960s. Current firms include Arbor Networks (provider of Internet traffic engineering and security systems), Arbortext (provider of XML-based publishing software), JSTOR (the digital scholarly journal archive), MediaSpan (provider of software and online services for the media industries), Truven Health Analytics, and ProQuest, which includes UMI. Ann Arbor Terminals manufactured a video-display terminal called the Ann Arbor Ambassador during the 1980s. Barracuda Networks, which provides networking, security, and storage products based on network appliances and cloud services, opened an engineering office in Ann Arbor in 2008 on Depot St. and recently announced it will move downtown to occupy the building previously used as the Borders headquarters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "The Ann Arbor News, owned by the Michigan-based Booth Newspapers chain, is the major daily newspaper serving Ann Arbor and the rest of Washtenaw County. The newspaper ended its 174-year print run in 2009, due to economic difficulties. It was replaced by AnnArbor.com, but returned to a limited print publication under its former name in 2013. Another Ann Arbor-based publication that has ceased production was the Ann Arbor Paper, a free monthly. Ann Arbor has been said to be the first significant city to lose its only daily paper. The Ann Arbor Chronicle, an online newspaper, covered local news, including meetings of the library board, county commission, and DDA until September 3, 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Alexis Caswell Angell", "paragraph_text": "Angell was the son of James Burrill Angell and Sarah Swope Caswell, and was named for his maternal grandfather, Alexis Caswell, later President of Brown University. Angell was 14 when his family moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan when his father was appointed President of the University of Michigan. In 1880, he married Fanny Cary Cooley, daughter of Law Professor Thomas McIntyre Cooley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Several annual events—many of them centered on performing and visual arts—draw visitors to Ann Arbor. One such event is the Ann Arbor Art Fairs, a set of four concurrent juried fairs held on downtown streets. Scheduled on Wednesday through Saturday of the third week of July, the fairs draw upward of half a million visitors. Another is the Ann Arbor Film Festival, held during the third week of March, which receives more than 2,500 submissions annually from more than 40 countries and serves as one of a handful of Academy Award–qualifying festivals in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Current publications in the city include the Ann Arbor Journal (A2 Journal), a weekly community newspaper; the Ann Arbor Observer, a free monthly local magazine; the Ann Arbor Independent, a locally owned, independent weekly; and Current, a free entertainment-focused alt-weekly. The Ann Arbor Business Review covers local business in the area. Car and Driver magazine and Automobile Magazine are also based in Ann Arbor. The University of Michigan is served by many student publications, including the independent Michigan Daily student newspaper, which reports on local, state, and regional issues in addition to campus news.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Other local colleges and universities include Concordia University Ann Arbor, a Lutheran liberal-arts institution; a campus of the University of Phoenix; and Cleary University, a private business school. Washtenaw Community College is located in neighboring Ann Arbor Township. In 2000, the Ave Maria School of Law, a Roman Catholic law school established by Domino's Pizza founder Tom Monaghan, opened in northeastern Ann Arbor, but the school moved to Ave Maria, Florida in 2009, and the Thomas M. Cooley Law School acquired the former Ave Maria buildings for use as a branch campus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Justin Rice Whiting", "paragraph_text": "Whiting was born in Bath, New York, and moved to Michigan in 1849 with his parents, who settled in St. Clair, Michigan. He attended the public schools and the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor from 1863 to 1865. He worked as a merchant and manufacturer. Whiting was elected mayor of St. Clair in 1879 and represented the 17th District in the Michigan State Senate in 1882.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Public schools are part of the Ann Arbor Public Schools (AAPS) district. AAPS has one of the country's leading music programs. In September 2008, 16,539 students had been enrolled in the Ann Arbor Public Schools. There were 21 elementary schools, five middle schools (Forsythe, Slauson, Tappan, Scarlett, and Clague) three traditional high schools (Pioneer, Huron, and Skyline), and three alternative high schools (Community High, Stone School, and Roberto Clemente) in the district. The district also operates a K-8 open school program, Ann Arbor Open School, out of the former Mack School. This program is open to all families who live within the district. Ann Arbor Public Schools also operates a preschool and family center, with programs for at-risk infants and children before kindergarten. The district has a preschool center with both free and tuition-based programs for preschoolers in the district.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 59004, "question": "who has the power to make immigration laws", "answer": "Congress", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 21639, "question": "Who represents the #1 in Ann Arbor?", "answer": "Debbie Dingell", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sue Draheim", "paragraph_text": "Sue Draheim ( ; August 17, 1949 – April 11, 2013) was an American fiddler, boasting a more than forty year musical career in the US and the UK. Growing up in North Oakland, Draheim began her first private violin lessons at age eleven, having started public school violin instruction at age eight while attending North Oakland's Peralta Elementary School. She also attended Claremont Jr. High, and graduated from Oakland Technical High School in 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Samantha Jones (Sex and the City)", "paragraph_text": "In the show's last season, Samantha is diagnosed with breast cancer. She faces the challenge head - on, playing with her look by wearing outrageous wigs, hats, and headscarves after she loses her hair to chemotherapy. In one of the final episodes, she gives a speech for a cancer benefit dinner, and receives a standing ovation for removing her wig onstage and admitting that she was suffering with hot flashes. The audience appreciated her candor and honesty, and many of the women in the audience stood up and removed their own wigs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Gregorian calendar", "paragraph_text": "\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean. They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Education in South Korea", "paragraph_text": "Level / Grade Typical age Infant School Nursery School 0 - 3 (1 - 4) Kindergarten 4 - 6 (5 - 7) Primary School 1st Grade 7 (8) 2nd Grade 8 (9) 3rd Grade 9 (10) 4th Grade 10 (11) 5th Grade 11 (12) 6th Grade 12 (13) Middle School 7th grade 13 (14) 8th Grade 14 (15) 9th Grade 15 (16) High School 10th Grade 16 (17) 11th Grade 17 (18) 12th Grade 18 (19) Post-secondary education Tertiary education (College or University) Ages vary (usually four years, referred to as Freshman, Sophomore, Junior and Senior years) Membership Training in Korea Ages also vary as they do for Tertiary education", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kieran Roche", "paragraph_text": "Kieran Roche (born 3 May 1979) is a rugby union footballer who plays at lock/back row for London Irish. He was educated at Trinity School in Croydon where he started playing rugby at the age of 12.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Wig", "paragraph_text": "The wearing of wigs as a symbol of social status was largely abandoned in the newly created United States and France by the start of the 19th century. In the United States, only four presidents from John Adams to James Monroe wore curly powdered wigs tied in a queue according to the old - fashioned style of the 18th century. Unlike them, the first president George Washington never wore a wig; instead, he powdered, curled and tied in a queue his own long hair.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Twelfth grade", "paragraph_text": "Twelfth grade, senior year, or grade 12 is the final year of secondary school in North America. In other regions it is also equivalently referred as class 12 or Year 13. In most countries students then graduate at age 17 -- 18. Some countries have a thirteenth grade, while other countries do not have a 12th grade / year at all. Twelfth grade is typically the last year of high school; graduation year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Non Stop Rock'n Roll", "paragraph_text": "Non Stop Rock'n Roll is the third studio album by Norwegian glam metal band Wig Wam. The album was released on January 21, 2010, making it the first Wig Wam-album to be released worldwide on the same day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sandrine Quétier", "paragraph_text": "Sandrine Quétier was born in Paris and spent her childhood at the Vallée de Chevreuse. She graduated at age 17 with her high school final exam before starting to study.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mule (band)", "paragraph_text": "Mule was an American punk blues band from Michigan, active in the early 1990s. Formed from the ashes of Wig and Laughing Hyenas, their music incorporated elements of hardcore punk, blues-rock, and alternative country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Grażyna Miller", "paragraph_text": "Grażyna Miller, born in Jedwabne, Poland, started to write poetry in her early childhood, exactly at the age of seven. During her high school years she incessantly wrote poetry while continuing her studies. Her passions were literature and pedagogy, and soon after finishing her studies she started to teach Polish literature.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "The term \"Early Modern\" was introduced in the English language in the 1930s. to distinguish the time between what we call Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment (1800) (when the meaning of the term Modern Ages was developing its contemporary form). It is important to note that these terms stem from European history. In usage in other parts of the world, such as in Asia, and in Muslim countries, the terms are applied in a very different way, but often in the context with their contact with European culture in the Age of Discovery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Education in the United States", "paragraph_text": "By state law, education is compulsory over an age range starting between five and eight and ending somewhere between ages sixteen and eighteen, depending on the state. This requirement can be satisfied in public schools, state - certified private schools, or an approved home school program. In most schools, compulsory education is divided into three levels: elementary school, middle or junior high school, and high school. Children are usually divided by age groups into grades, ranging from kindergarten (5 -- 6 year olds) and first grade for the youngest children, up to twelfth grade (17 -- 18 years old) as the final year of high school.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Eswatini", "paragraph_text": "Education in Swaziland begins with pre-school education for infants, primary, secondary and high school education for general education and training (GET), and universities and colleges at tertiary level. Pre-school education is usually for children 5-year or younger after that the students can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country. In Swaziland early childhood care and education (ECCE) centres are in the form of preschools or neighbourhood care points (NCPs). In the country 21.6% of preschool age children have access to early childhood education.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Education in France", "paragraph_text": "Schooling in France is mandatory from age 6. Most parents start sending their children at age 3, at kindergarten classes (maternelle), which are usually affiliated to a borough's primary school. Some even start earlier at age 2 in pré - maternelle or très petite section classes, which are essentially daycare centres. The last year of kindergarten, grande section (``big form '') is an important step in the educational process, as it is the year in which pupils are introduced to reading.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Childbirth", "paragraph_text": "In many countries, age is reckoned from the date of birth, and sometimes the birthday is celebrated annually. East Asian age reckoning starts newborns at \"1\", incrementing each Lunar New Year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Charlotte McShane", "paragraph_text": "She was a student at Glasgow School of Sport and in Scotland she won several national junior titles. In November 2005, her family moved to Australia and despite her young age Charlotte McShane started competing in long distance triathlons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Katsuaki Asai", "paragraph_text": "Asai started training under aikido's founder Morihei Ueshiba aged 13, at the Hombu dojo in Tokyo, and continued during his studies at Meiji University. He was sent to Germany by Kisshomaru Ueshiba in 1965 to teach aikido, and has lived in the country ever since. His first occupation was to teach aikido to policemen in Münster, and he now runs a school in Düsseldorf.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Wig", "paragraph_text": "The Wig () is 2005 South Korean horror film directed by Won Shin-yun, and starring Chae Min-seo and Yoo Sun. It was first released on August 12, 2005 in South Korea and was released onto DVD in the United States in 2008.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Education", "paragraph_text": "Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first five to seven years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six to eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 89% of children aged six to twelve are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising. Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools or elementary schools. Primary schools are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 105476, "question": "The country for The Wig was what?", "answer": "South Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 84688, "question": "what age do you start school in #1", "answer": "1 - 4", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Burger Chef", "paragraph_text": "In 1982, the General Foods Corporation, owners of the Burger Chef trademark and name, divested itself of the restaurant chain, gradually selling to the owners of Hardee's. The final restaurant to carry the Burger Chef name closed in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Keg", "paragraph_text": "The Keg is a Canadian - owned chain of steakhouse restaurants and bars located in Canada and the United States. The original ``The Keg and Cleaver ''restaurant was founded by George Tidball, in 1971, at a location in North Vancouver, British Columbia. By February 2018, The Keg had expanded to 160 locations in Canada and the United States, when Canadian food industry giant Cara Operations (now known as Recipe Unlimited) purchased the chain for $200 million, from then owners David Aisenstat (49%) and Fairfax Financial (51%). Aisenstat had been the sole owner from 1997 until 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Houston's Restaurant", "paragraph_text": "Houston's Restaurant is an upscale American casual dining restaurant chain, owned by Hillstone Restaurant Group, whose main corporate headquarters is in Beverly Hills, California. There are 51 Hillstone locations in 13 states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Restaurant ML", "paragraph_text": "Restaurant ML is a restaurant located in Haarlem, in the Netherlands. It is a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in the period 2011–present.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Horse meat", "paragraph_text": "In Belgium, horse meat (paardenvlees in Dutch and viande chevaline in French) is popular in a number of preparations. Lean, smoked, and sliced horse meat fillet (paardenrookvlees or paardengerookt; filet chevalin in French) is served as a cold cut with sandwiches or as part of a cold salad. Horse steaks can be found in most butchers and are used in a variety of preparations. The city of Vilvoorde has a few restaurants specialising in dishes prepared with horse meat. Horse sausage is a well - known local specialty in Lokeren with European recognition. Smoked or dried horse / pork meat sausage, similar to salami, is sold in a square shape to be distinguished from pork and / or beef sausages. A Flemish region around the Rupel river is also famous for a horse stew named 'Schep', made out of shoulder chuck (or similar cuts), brown ale, onions and mustard. Schep is typically served with French fries, mayonnaise and a salad of raw Belgian endive.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Rosenbad", "paragraph_text": "Rosenbad is located on \"Strömgatan\" on the north side of the river Norrström. It was designed by Art Nouveau architect Ferdinand Boberg, and completed in 1902. It originally housed a variety of functions, including a restaurant (until 1956) of the same name.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "WDBC", "paragraph_text": "WDBC (680 AM, \"The Information Authority\") is a radio station licensed to Escanaba, Michigan broadcasting a full-service format featuring news, talk and adult standards music.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Smoking in Ireland", "paragraph_text": "Smoking in workplaces in Ireland was banned on 29 March 2004, making Ireland the first country in the world to institute an outright ban on smoking in workplaces. From that date onwards, under the Public Health (Tobacco) Acts, it has been illegal to smoke in all enclosed workplaces. The ban is strictly enforced and includes bars, restaurants, clubs, offices, public buildings, company cars, trucks, taxis and vans. A private residence is considered a workplace when tradespeople, such as plumbers or electricians, are working there. €3,000 is the maximum fine on the spot, while a prison sentence can also be given at a later time for violators. The law exempts dwellings, prisons, nursing homes, psychiatric wards, hotel rooms charitable accommodation and college dorm rooms. Certain buildings such as some hospitals forbid smoking anywhere in the grounds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Hawksworth Restaurant", "paragraph_text": "Hawksworth Restaurant, located in the Rosewood Hotel Georgia in Vancouver, British Columbia, is a fine-dining restaurant owned by chef David Hawksworth, the youngest chef to be inducted into the B.C. Restaurant Hall of Fame. The restaurant was named, \"Restaurant of the Year\" in 2012 by Macleans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Sidetrack Bar & Grill", "paragraph_text": "Sidetrack Bar and Grill is a restaurant on the east end of Depot Town in Ypsilanti, Michigan, at 56 East Cross Street. It is just down the road from Eastern Michigan University and is a popular hangout for students and faculty. Linda French, who has owned the restaurant since 1980, named it after “its unique location alongside the main railroad line from Detroit to Chicago.” The location has served as a restaurant, under different names, as far back as 1850. It has a large beer selection as well as liquor and wine and has won awards for its food.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Smoking ban in England", "paragraph_text": "On 16 November 2004 a Public Health white paper proposed a smoking ban in almost all public places in England and Wales. Smoking restrictions would be phased in, with a ban on smoking in NHS and government buildings by 2006, in enclosed public places by 2007, and pubs, bars and restaurants (except pubs not serving food) by the end of 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kassler", "paragraph_text": "Kassler or Kasseler in German cuisine is the name given to a salted (cured) and slightly smoked cut of pork similar to British gammon. It can be either hot or cold smoked. Pork necks and loins are the most often used cuts although ribs, shoulders and bellies can also be used. It is often served with sauerkraut and mashed potatoes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Cheaha Mountain", "paragraph_text": "Cheaha Mountain / ˈtʃiːhɔː /, often called Mount Cheaha, is the highest natural point in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is located a few miles northwest of the town of Delta in Cheaha State Park, which offers a lodge, a restaurant, and other amenities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Smoking Hills", "paragraph_text": "The Smoking Hills are located on the east coast of Cape Bathurst in Canada's Northwest Territories, next to the Arctic Ocean and a small group of lakes. The cliffs were named by explorer John Franklin, who was the first European to see them on his 1826 expeditions. They contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Harry's Bar (Venice)", "paragraph_text": "Harry's Bar is, despite its name, mainly a restaurant located at Calle Vallaresso 1323, Venice, Italy, owned by Cipriani S.A..", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ban Pha Tang", "paragraph_text": "Ban Pha Tang or Ban Phatang is a small town in Vientiane Province, Laos. It is located north along Route 13 from Vang Vieng, north of Ban Pakpo, on the bank of the Nam Song River. From Ban Pha Tang, the road climbs steeply to Ban Phahom, Ban Thieng and Muang Kasi. Lonely Planet describes it as a \"pretty riverside village named after Pha Tang, a towering limestone cliff. The town's bridge offers a very photogenic view of its namesake.\" Phatang Resort lies to the south of the settlement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Miami", "paragraph_text": "Cuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River, and in and around Biscayne Bay. Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "El Pollo Loco", "paragraph_text": "El Pollo Loco, Inc. is a restaurant chain based in the United States, specializing in Mexican - style grilled chicken. Restaurant service consists of: dine - in, take - out, with some locations offering drive through options. The company is headquartered in Costa Mesa, California and operates over 400 (as of March 2014) company - owned and franchised restaurants in the Southwestern United States. ``El Pollo Loco ''is Spanish for`` The Crazy Chicken''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Fat Duck", "paragraph_text": "On 31 March 2014, Heston Blumenthal announced he would be closing the restaurant for renovations for 6 months and temporarily relocating it with its entire team to Crown Towers, Melbourne, Australia. The restaurant will be called The Fat Duck for 6 months before being renamed Dinner by Heston Blumenthal. This will be the second restaurant with that name and will be Blumenthal's first restaurant outside of Britain, and his sixth in total. This temporary closure of the Bray location caused the restaurant to become ineligible for assessment for the 2016 Michelin Guide, thus losing its 3 - starred status which it regained the following year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Restaurant Makeover", "paragraph_text": "Restaurant Makeover is a television series on HGTV Canada which currently airs as reruns on the Food Network Canada and \"HGTV Canada\", as well as the Fine Living channel and Food Network in the United States, DTour and in over 16 other countries worldwide. The pilot episode starred designer Robin De Groot and chef Brad Long in the Coco's Cafe. Most of the restaurants involved in the series were located in the Greater Toronto Area. The series has been rebooted as \"Restaurant Takeover\" on Food Network Canada.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 130402, "question": "What is the name of the state where WDBC is located?", "answer": "Michigan", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 63191, "question": "when was smoking banned in restaurants in #1", "answer": "May 1, 2010", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city, and the publishing industry employs about 25,000 people. Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism. Major tabloid newspapers in the city include: The New York Daily News, which was founded in 1919 by Joseph Medill Patterson and The New York Post, founded in 1801 by Alexander Hamilton. The city also has a comprehensive ethnic press, with 270 newspapers and magazines published in more than 40 languages. El Diario La Prensa is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation. The New York Amsterdam News, published in Harlem, is a prominent African American newspaper. The Village Voice is the largest alternative newspaper.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Boston Herald", "paragraph_text": "The Boston Herald is an American daily newspaper whose primary market is Boston, Massachusetts and its surrounding area. It was founded in 1846 and is one of the oldest daily newspapers in the United States. It has been awarded eight Pulitzer Prizes in its history, including four for editorial writing and three for photography before it was converted to tabloid format in 1981. The \"Herald\" was named one of the \"10 Newspapers That 'Do It Right' in 2012 by \"Editor & Publisher\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "In 1880, the newspapers News and Observer combined to form The News & Observer. It remains Raleigh's primary daily newspaper. The North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now known as North Carolina State University, was founded as a land-grant college in 1887. The city's Rex Hospital opened in 1889 and included the state's first nursing school. The Baptist Women's College, now known as Meredith College, opened in 1891, and in 1898, The Academy of Music, a private music conservatory, was established.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The London Gazette", "paragraph_text": "The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the United Kingdom, in which certain statutory notices are required to be published. \"The London Gazette\" claims to be the oldest surviving English newspaper and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the UK, having been first published on 7 November 1665 as The Oxford Gazette. This claim is also made by the \"Stamford Mercury\" (1712) and \"Berrow's Worcester Journal\" (1690), because \"The Gazette\" is not a conventional newspaper offering general news coverage. It does not have a large circulation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "La Stampa", "paragraph_text": "La Stampa (meaning \"The Press\" in English) is an Italian daily newspaper published in Turin, Italy. It is distributed in Italy and other European nations. It is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Josiah Bailey", "paragraph_text": "Born in Warrenton, North Carolina, he grew up in Raleigh and graduated from Wake Forest College (now Wake Forest University). Before turning to a career in law, Bailey was editor of the \"Biblical Recorder\", a newspaper for North Carolina Baptists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Enos Bronson", "paragraph_text": "Enos Bronson (March 31, 1774–April 22, 1823) was an American writer and newspaper publisher. A graduate of Yale College, he became the first head of the newly founded Deerfield Academy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Tucson, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Tucson has one daily newspaper, the morning Arizona Daily Star. Wick Communications publishes the daily legal paper The Daily Territorial, while Boulder, Colo.-based 10/13 Communications publishes Tucson Weekly (an \"alternative\" publication), Inside Tucson Business and the Explorer. TucsonSentinel.com is a nonprofit independent online news organization. Tucson Lifestyle Magazine, Lovin' Life News, DesertLeaf, and Zócalo Magazine are monthly publications covering arts, architecture, decor, fashion, entertainment, business, history, and other events. The Arizona Daily Wildcat is the University of Arizona's student newspaper, and the Aztec News is the Pima Community College student newspaper. The New Vision is the newspaper for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson, and the Arizona Jewish Post is the newspaper of the Jewish Federation of Southern Arizona.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Politika", "paragraph_text": "Politika (; ) is a Serbian daily newspaper, published in Belgrade. Founded in 1904 by Vladislav F. Ribnikar, it is the oldest daily newspaper still in circulation in the Balkans and is considered to be Serbia's newspaper of record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Haarlems Dagblad", "paragraph_text": "The Haarlems Dagblad is a regional newspaper in Haarlem, Netherlands. It makes claim to being the newspaper with the oldest publishing history in the world, even if this claim is based on its (forced) merger with another title.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Song of Solomon (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Song of Solomon is a 1977 novel by American author Toni Morrison. It follows the life of Macon ``Milkman ''Dead III, an African - American man living in Michigan, from birth to adulthood.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Leeuwarder Courant", "paragraph_text": "The Leeuwarder Courant is the oldest daily newspaper in the Netherlands. Founded by Abraham Ferwerda, it first appeared in 1752. The \"Leeuwarder Courant\" was the first paper in the Dutch province Friesland and its capital Leeuwarden. It is considered a \"popular\" (as opposed to \"quality\") newspaper.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Miki Kratsman", "paragraph_text": "Kratsman was born in Argentina in 1959. He immigrated to Israel with his family in 1971. He studied photography in College of Kiryat Ono. He worked as photojournalist in \"Hadashot\" newspaper until 1993, when the newspaper was closed. Kratsman joined \"Haaretz\" newspaper, where he worked until 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Il Gazzettino", "paragraph_text": "Il Gazzettino is an Italian daily local newspaper, based in Mestre, Italy. It is the main newspaper in the Northeast Italy and is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Glen Froseth", "paragraph_text": "Glen A. Froseth (born January 24, 1934) is an American politician in the state of North Dakota. He is a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives, representing the 4th district. A Republican, he was first elected in 1992. He is an alumnus of the North Dakota State College of Science and former newspaper publisher. Devlin is a former president of the North Dakota Newspaper Association.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "Philadelphia's two major daily newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer, which is the eighteenth largest newspaper and third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country, and the Philadelphia Daily News. Both newspapers were purchased from The McClatchy Company (after buying out Knight Ridder) in 2006 by Philadelphia Media Holdings and operated by the group until the organization declared bankruptcy in 2010. After two years of financial struggle, the two newspapers were sold to Interstate General Media in 2012. The two newspapers have a combined circulation of about 500,000 readers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Valentine Moghadam", "paragraph_text": "Valentine Moghadam was born in Tehran, Iran to an \"urban, elite family\" in 1952. After attaining her secondary education at an international school, she spent her first two years in the work force employed at a major daily newspaper, \"Kayhan\". Following her time at the newspaper, Moghadam taught English at the Imperial Air Force Language School. After these initial work experiences, Valentine Moghadam, with the support of her parents, sought a college education in the west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Deepika (newspaper)", "paragraph_text": "Deepika, a Malayalam language newspaper, is one of the oldest newspapers published in India. Started in 1887, it is the oldest Malayalam newspaper now in circulation. Deepika publishes editions from Kottayam, Kochi, Kannur, Thrissur, Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Miami", "paragraph_text": "Other major newspapers include Miami Today, headquartered in Brickell, Miami New Times, headquartered in Midtown, Miami Sun Post, South Florida Business Journal, Miami Times, and Biscayne Boulevard Times. An additional Spanish-language newspapers, Diario Las Americas also serve Miami. The Miami Herald is Miami's primary newspaper with over a million readers and is headquartered in Downtown in Herald Plaza. Several other student newspapers from the local universities, such as the oldest, the University of Miami's The Miami Hurricane, Florida International University's The Beacon, Miami-Dade College's The Metropolis, Barry University's The Buccaneer, amongst others. Many neighborhoods and neighboring areas also have their own local newspapers such as the Aventura News, Coral Gables Tribune, Biscayne Bay Tribune, and the Palmetto Bay News.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "La Rotonde", "paragraph_text": "La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. It is the oldest French-language student paper outside of Quebec.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 54284, "question": "where does milkman live in song of solomon", "answer": "Michigan", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 42689, "question": "what college newspaper refers to itself as the oldest college newspaper in #1", "answer": "The Collegian", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Salamatof, Alaska", "paragraph_text": "Salamatof is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska, United States. The population was 980 at the 2010 census, up from 954 in 2000. Salamatof is the location for the former Wildwood Air Force Station, which operated from 1965 to 1972 (from 1951 to 1965, it was an Army Station). Today, it is the Wildwood Correctional Complex.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Cork (city)", "paragraph_text": "The city's FM radio band features RTÉ Radio 1, RTÉ 2fm, RTÉ lyric fm, RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta, Today FM, 4fm, Newstalk and the religious station Spirit Radio. There are also local stations such as Cork's 96FM, Cork's Red FM, C103, CUH 102.0FM, UCC 98.3FM (formerly Cork Campus Radio 97.4fm) and Christian radio station Life 93.1FM. Cork also has a temporary licensed city-wide community station 'Cork FM Community Radio' on 100.5FM, which is currently on-air on Saturdays and Sundays only. Cork has also been home to pirate radio stations, including South Coast Radio and ERI in the 1980s. Today some small pirates stations remain. A number of neighbouring counties radio stations can be heard in parts of Cork City including Radio Kerry at 97.0 and WLR FM on 95.1.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Hair of the dog", "paragraph_text": "The expression originally referred to a method of treatment of a rabid dog bite by placing hair from the dog in the bite wound. Ebenezer Cobham Brewer writes in the Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1898): ``In Scotland it is a popular belief that a few hairs of the dog that bit you applied to the wound will prevent evil consequences. Applied to drinks, it means, if overnight you have indulged too freely, take a glass of the same wine within 24 hours to soothe the nerves. 'If this dog do you bite, soon as out of your bed, take a hair of the tail the next day.' ''He also cites two apocryphal poems containing the phrase, one of which is attributed to Aristophanes. It is possible that the phrase was used to justify an existing practice, and the idea of Latin: similia similibus curantur (`` like cures like'') dates back at least to the time of Hippocrates and exists today as the basic postulate of classical homeopathy. In the 1930s cocktails known as Corpse Revivers were served in hotels.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dog", "paragraph_text": "The term \"domestic dog\" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a \"powerful dog breed\". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce (\"finger-muscle\"). The word also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga also seen in frogga \"frog\", picga \"pig\", stagga \"stag\", wicga \"beetle, worm\", among others. The term dog may ultimately derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Scotland Today", "paragraph_text": "Scotland Today is a Scottish regional news programme covering Central Scotland, produced by STV Central (formerly Scottish Television). Despite its name suggesting a national remit, the programme was actually limited to stories around STV's Central Belt franchise. \"North Tonight\" covered STV's North Scotland region (from North Fife upwards), until both programmes were renamed as \"STV News at Six\" in March 2009.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "English Springer Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "The English Springer Spaniel is a breed of gun dog in the Spaniel family traditionally used for flushing and retrieving game. It is an affectionate, excitable breed with a typical lifespan of twelve to fourteen years. They are very similar to the Welsh Springer Spaniel and are descended from the Norfolk or Shropshire Spaniels of the mid-19th century; the breed has diverged into separate show and working lines. The breed suffers from average health complaints. The show - bred version of the breed has been linked to ``rage syndrome '', although the disorder is very rare. It is closely related to the Welsh Springer Spaniel and very closely to the English Cocker Spaniel; less than a century ago, springers and cockers would come from the same litter. The smaller`` cockers'' hunted woodcock while the larger littermates were used to flush, or ``spring '', game. In 1902, The Kennel Club recognized the English Springer Spaniel as a distinct breed. They are used as sniffer dogs on a widespread basis. The term Springer comes from the historic hunting role, where the dog would flush (spring) birds into the air.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Dog Town, California", "paragraph_text": "Dog Town (also, Dogtown and Dogtown Diggings) is a ghost town in Mono County, California. Today, Dog Town is a defunct gold rush era town in Mono County, California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "One Man and His Dog", "paragraph_text": "One Man and His Dog is a BBC television series in the United Kingdom featuring sheepdog trials, originally presented by Phil Drabble, with commentary by Eric Halsall and, later, by Ray Ollerenshaw. It was first aired on 17 February 1976 and continues today (since 2013) as a special annual edition of Countryfile. In 1994, Robin Page replaced Drabble as the main presenter. Gus Dermody took over as commentator until 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Dog", "paragraph_text": "According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, it is estimated there are 77.5 million people with pet dogs in the United States. The same survey shows nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just one dog, 25% two dogs and nearly 9% more than two dogs. There does not seem to be any gender preference among dogs as pets, as the statistical data reveal an equal number of female and male dog pets. Yet, although several programs are undergoing to promote pet adoption, less than a fifth of the owned dogs come from a shelter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "History of radio", "paragraph_text": "On February 17, 1919, station 9XM at the University of Wisconsin in Madison broadcast human speech to the public at large. 9XM was first experimentally licensed in 1914, began regular Morse code transmissions in 1916, and its first music broadcast in 1917. Regularly scheduled broadcasts of voice and music began in January 1921. That station is still on the air today as WHA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Hair dryer", "paragraph_text": "Around 1915, hair dryers began to go on the market in handheld form. This was due to innovations by National Stamping and Electricworks under the white cross brand, and later U.S. Racine Universal Motor Company and the Hamilton Beach Co., which allowed the dryer to be small enough to be held by hand. Even in the 1920s, the new dryers were often heavy, weighing in at approximately 2 pounds (0.9 kg), and were difficult to use. They also had many instances of overheating and electrocution. Hair dryers were only capable of using 100 watts, which increased the amount of time needed to dry hair (the average dryer today can use up to 2000 watts of heat).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "One Man and His Dog", "paragraph_text": "One Man and His Dog is a BBC television series in the United Kingdom featuring sheepdog trials, originally presented by Phil Drabble, with commentary by Eric Halsall and, later, by Ray Ollerenshaw. It was first aired on 17 February 1976 and continues today (since 2013) as a special annual edition of \"Countryfile\". In 1994, Robin Page replaced Drabble as the main presenter. Gus Dermody took over as commentator until 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Timbuktu (novella)", "paragraph_text": "Timbuktu is a 1999 novella by Paul Auster. It is about the life of a dog, Mr Bones, who is struggling to come to terms with the fact that his homeless master is dying.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Back to Cool", "paragraph_text": "\"Back to Cool\" is the twentieth episode of the second season of the animated series \"The Cleveland Show\". It aired on Fox in the United States on April 17, 2011 at 9:30 PM E/P. In this episode, when Cleveland Jr. bonds with Donna’s ex-husband, Robert. Cleveland challenges Robert to a “Coolympics” competition. Later, Robert, with the kids, takes them to a dog fight, and gives them tips if the dogs out break. When midnight comes, Cleveland and Donna realize that the kids have not come home. Robert returns the kids home, and reveals a new bond between Jr. and himself. Later on, the bonding grows, and Robert finds out about Jr's new crush, Joanna, and tells Cleveland he is going to give Jr. the sex talk, which causes Cleveland to make an attempt at having the talk first, and failing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "WSGL", "paragraph_text": "WSGL is a commercial radio station located in Naples, Florida, broadcasting on 104.7 FM. WSGL airs a hot adult contemporary music format branded as \"Mix 104.7\". Mix 104.7 currently airs a mix of pop rock from 90's 2000's and today's current hits. Although the station's format is Hot AC, WSGL reports to Mediabase as a mainstream Adult Contemporary station.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "At the End of My Leash", "paragraph_text": "\"At the End of My Leash\" also airs in Canada on Global, HGTV and The National Geographic Channel. In the United States, the show airs as \"In the Dog House\" on Animal Planet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Relaxer", "paragraph_text": "The first documented history of the relaxer began with Garrett Augustus Morgan in 1909. His hair straighten cream was found accidentally when trying to find a solution to ease friction of sewing machine in his tailor shop. Morgan tested his cream on a neighboring dog's fur. With the success of the cream, he established G.A. Morgan Hair Refining Company and began selling his product to Black people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Cherokee Hair Tampons", "paragraph_text": "\"Cherokee Hair Tampons\" is the sixth episode of the fourth season of the animated television series \"South Park\", and the 54th episode of the series overall. \"Cherokee Hair Tampons\" originally aired in the United States on June 28, 2000 on Comedy Central.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Wishbone's Dog Days of the West", "paragraph_text": "Wishbone's Dog Days of the West is a PBS feature-length telefilm that aired on March 13, 1998. It was shot in Galisteo and Santa Fe, New Mexico. A tornado touched down one mile from the film crew as they were shooting the western scenes. This rotating windstorm dissipated as it headed toward the set. Apache Mexican American actor Adan Sanchez appeared as the mailman, Dan Bloodgood. His earlier roles in that series were Oakdale's mail-carrier and Navaho storyteller Lee Natonabah in its episode \"Dances with Dogs\", a parody title of Dances with Wolves. He died three months later in Albuquerque. The film was aired on PBS stations on March 13, 1998 and released to video on June 9, 1998.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Their Eyes Were Watching God", "paragraph_text": "Their Eyes Were Watching God is a 1937 novel and the best known work by African - American writer Zora Neale Hurston. The novel narrates main character Janie Crawford's ``ripening from a vibrant, but voiceless, teenage girl into a woman with her finger on the trigger of her own destiny. ''As a young woman, who is fair - skinned with long hair, she expects more out of life, but comes to realize that people must learn about life 'fuh theyselves' (for themselves), just as people can only go to God for themselves. Set in central and southern Florida in the early 20th century, the novel was initially poorly received, but today, it has come to be regarded as a seminal work in both African - American literature and women's literature. TIME included the novel in its 2005 list of the 100 best English - language novels published since 1923.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 78748, "question": "where did hair of the dog come from", "answer": "Scotland", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 140895, "question": "What was the station that aired #1 Today?", "answer": "Scottish Television", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[ "STV" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Liberia", "paragraph_text": "The Central Bank of Liberia is responsible for printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar, which is the primary form of currency in Liberia. Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a formal employment rate of 15%. GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at the time). In 2011, the country's nominal GDP was US$1.154 billion, while nominal GDP per capita stood at US$297, the third-lowest in the world. Historically, the Liberian economy has depended heavily on foreign aid, foreign direct investment and exports of natural resources such as iron ore, rubber and timber.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Antonio Pitalúa", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Pitalúa (born February 21, 1970 in Montería, Colombia) is a Colombian-Mexican boxer. His record is 48 wins (42 KO's) and 4 losses. He captured the vacant interim WBC lightweight belt when he ko'd fellow Mexican José Armando Santa Cruz. Six months later he faced unbeaten knockout artist Edwin Valero he was down three times and the fight was stopped 49 seconds into the 2nd round. He bounced back against Puerto Rican Jose Reyes with a knockout in the 6th round.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Paraguay", "paragraph_text": "Average life expectancy in Paraguay is rather high given its poverty: as of 2006, it was 75 years, equivalent to far wealthier Argentina, and the 8th highest in the Americas according to World Health Organization. Public expenditure on health is 2.6% of GDP, while private health expenditure is 5.1%. Infant mortality was 20 per 1,000 births in 2005. Maternal mortality was 150 per 100,000 live births in 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Economy of India", "paragraph_text": "India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounted for 17% of the GDP. The sector employed 49% of its total workforce in 2014. Agriculture accounted for 23% of GDP, and employed 59% of the country's total workforce in 2016. As the Indian economy has diversified and grown, agriculture's contribution to GDP has steadily declined from 1951 to 2011, yet it is still the country's largest employment source and a significant piece of its overall socio - economic development. Crop - yield - per - unit - area of all crops has grown since 1950, due to the special emphasis placed on agriculture in the five - year plans and steady improvements in irrigation, technology, application of modern agricultural practices and provision of agricultural credit and subsidies since the Green Revolution in India. However, international comparisons reveal the average yield in India is generally 30% to 50% of the highest average yield in the world. The states of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, West Bengal, Gujarat and Maharashtra are key contributors to Indian agriculture.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Economy of Greece", "paragraph_text": "After fourteen consecutive years of economic growth, Greece went into recession in 2008. By the end of 2009, the Greek economy faced the highest budget deficit and government debt-to-GDP ratios in the EU. After several upward revisions, the 2009 budget deficit is now estimated at 15.7% of GDP. This, combined with rapidly rising debt levels (127.9% of GDP in 2009) led to a precipitous increase in borrowing costs, effectively shutting Greece out of the global financial markets and resulting in a severe economic crisis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Economy of Greece", "paragraph_text": "Between 1832 and 2002 the currency of Greece was the drachma. After signing the Maastricht Treaty, Greece applied to join the eurozone. The two main convergence criteria were a maximum budget deficit of 3% of GDP and a declining public debt if it stood above 60% of GDP. Greece met the criteria as shown in its 1999 annual public account. On 1 January 2001, Greece joined the eurozone, with the adoption of the euro at the fixed exchange rate ₯340.75 to €1. However, in 2001 the euro only existed electronically, so the physical exchange from drachma to euro only took place on 1 January 2002. This was followed by a ten-year period for eligible exchange of drachma to euro, which ended on 1 March 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Economy of India", "paragraph_text": "The economy of India is the sixth - largest in the world measured by nominal GDP and the third - largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country ranks 141st in per capita GDP (nominal) with $1723 and 123rd in per capita GDP (PPP) with $6,616 as of 2016. After 1991 economic liberalisation, India achieved 6 - 7% average GDP growth annually. In FY 2015 and 2017 India's economy became the world's fastest growing major economy surpassing China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Military budget of the United States", "paragraph_text": "For FY 2010, Department of Defense spending amounts to 4.7% of GDP. Because the U.S. GDP has risen over time, the military budget can rise in absolute terms while shrinking as a percentage of the GDP. For example, the Department of Defense budget is slated to be $664 billion in 2010 (including the cost of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan previously funded through supplementary budget legislation), higher than at any other point in American history, but still 1.1 -- 1.4% lower as a percentage of GDP than the amount spent on military during the peak of Cold - War military spending in the late 1980s. Admiral Mike Mullen, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has called four percent an ``absolute floor ''. This calculation does not take into account some other military - related non-DOD spending, such as Veterans Affairs, Homeland Security, and interest paid on debt incurred in past wars, which has increased even as a percentage of the national GDP.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Debt-to-GDP ratio", "paragraph_text": "In 2016, United States public debt - to - GDP ratio was at 104.8%. The level of public debt in Japan 2013 was 243.2% of GDP, in China 22.4% and in India 66.7%, according to the IMF, while the public debt - to - GDP ratio at the end of the 2nd quarter of 2016 was at 70.1% of GDP in Germany, 89.1% in the United Kingdom, 98.2% in France and 135.5% in Italy, according to Eurostat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "List of Oceanian countries by GDP (nominal)", "paragraph_text": "Country Nominal GDP (2014 CIA estimate in millions USD) GDP per capita (2014 CIA estimate in USD) GDP (PPP) (IMF estimate in millions USD) GDP (PPP) per capita (IMF estimate in USD) Australia 1,444,000 46,400 1,188,764 47,644.363 Federated States of Micronesia 3,000 314 3,032.615 Fiji 4,212 8,200 8,374 9,353.390 Kiribati 1,700 211 1,820.750 Marshall Islands 3,300 180 3,239.708 Nauru 5,000 (2005 est.) - New Zealand 198,100 35,200 174,845 37,108.005 Palau 16,300 276 15,260.417 Papua New Guinea 16,060 2,400 28,022 3,542.097 Samoa 826 5,200 1,046 5,368.510 Solomon Islands 1,155 1,900 1,198 1,995.697 Tonga 454 4,900 557 5,332.190 Tuvalu 3,300 39 3,566.816 Vanuatu 812 3,300 723 2,631.360", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Financial position of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The financial position of the United States includes assets of at least $269.6 trillion (1576% of GDP) and debts of $145.8 trillion (852% of GDP) to produce a net worth of at least $123.8 trillion (723% of GDP) as of Q1 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "United Kingdom national debt", "paragraph_text": "As of Q1 (the first quarter of) 2015, UK government debt amounted to £1.56 trillion, or 81.58% of total GDP, at which time the annual cost of servicing (paying the interest) the public debt amounted to around £43 billion (which is roughly 3% of GDP or 8% of UK government tax income). Approximately a third of this debt is owned by the British government due to the Bank of England's quantitative easing programme, so approximately 1 / 3 of the cost of servicing the debt is paid by the government to itself, reducing the annual servicing cost to approximately £30 billion (approx 2% of GDP, approx 5% of UK government tax income).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "History of the United States public debt", "paragraph_text": "Debt held by the public was $15.05 billion or 16.5% of GDP in 1930. When Franklin D. Roosevelt took office in 1933, the public debt was almost $20 billion, 20% of GDP. Decreased tax revenues and spending on social programs during the Great Depression increased the debt and by 1936, the public debt had increased to $33.7 billion, approximately 40% of GDP. During its first term, the Roosevelt administration ran large annual deficits of between 2 and 5% of GDP. By 1939, the debt held by the public had increased to $39.65 billion or 43% of GDP. The buildup and involvement in World War II during the presidencies of F.D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman led to the largest increase in public debt. Public debt rose over 100% of GDP to pay for the mobilization before and during the war. Public debt was $251.43 billion or 112% of GDP at the conclusion of the war in 1945 and was $260 billion in 1950.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Gross domestic product", "paragraph_text": "William Petty came up with a basic concept of GDP to defend landlords against unfair taxation during warfare between the Dutch and the English between 1652 and 1674. Charles Davenant developed the method further in 1695. The modern concept of GDP was first developed by Simon Kuznets for a US Congress report in 1934. In this report, Kuznets warned against its use as a measure of welfare (see below under limitations and criticisms). After the Bretton Woods conference in 1944, GDP became the main tool for measuring a country's economy. At that time gross national product (GNP) was the preferred estimate, which differed from GDP in that it measured production by a country's citizens at home and abroad rather than its' resident institutional units' (see OECD definition above). The switch from ``GNP ''to`` GDP'' in the US was in 1991, trailing behind most other nations. Crucial to the development of GDP was its role in the wartime effort. A crucial role was played here by the US Department of Commerce under Milton Gilbert where ideas from Kuznets were embedded into governmental institutions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Gross national income", "paragraph_text": "When a country's capital or labour resources are employed outside its borders, or when a foreign firm is operating in its territory, GDP and GNP can produce different measures of total output. In 2009 for instance, the United States estimated its GDP at $14.119 trillion, and its GNP at $14.265 trillion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Economy of India", "paragraph_text": "The economy of India is a developing mixed economy. It is the world's sixth - largest economy by nominal GDP and the third - largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country ranks 141st in per capita GDP (nominal) with $1723 and 123rd in per capita GDP (PPP) with $6,616 as of 2016. After 1991 economic liberalisation, India achieved 6 - 7% average GDP growth annually. In FY 2015 and 2017 India's economy became the world's fastest growing major economy surpassing China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "The Paris Region is France's leading region for economic activity, with a 2012 GDP of €624 billion (US$687 billion). In 2011, its GDP ranked second among the regions of Europe and its per-capita GDP was the 4th highest in Europe. While the Paris region's population accounted for 18.8 percent of metropolitan France in 2011, the Paris region's GDP accounted for 30 percent of metropolitan France's GDP. In 2015 it hosts the world headquarters of 29 of the 31 Fortune Global 500 companies located in France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Demographics of the European Union", "paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "A Prisoner of Birth", "paragraph_text": "A Prisoner of Birth is a mystery novel by English author Jeffrey Archer, first published on 6 March 2008 by Macmillan. This book is a contemporary retelling of Dumas's \"The Count of Monte Cristo\". The novel saw Archer return to the first place in the fiction best-seller list for the first time in a decade.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 144969, "question": "What is the place of birth of Ximena Valero?", "answer": "Mexico City", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 19219, "question": "What is the GDP of #1 ?", "answer": "$390 billion", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Jardín Botánico (Cádiz)", "paragraph_text": "The Jardín Botánico de Cádiz was an eighteenth-century example of a botanical garden for the study of medicine located in Cádiz, Spain. It was founded by Pedro Virgili, director of the Royal College of Surgeons of the Navy (now part of the University of Cádiz).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Helsinki University of Technology", "paragraph_text": "The Helsinki University of Technology (TKK; ; ) was a technical university in Finland. It was located in Otaniemi, Espoo in the metropolitan area of Greater Helsinki. The university was founded in 1849 by Grand Duke Nicholas I and received university status in 1908. It moved from Helsinki to Otaniemi campus area in 1966. It was merged into Aalto University in 2010 and briefly had the name Aalto University School of Science and Technology before being split into four schools in 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Jimma University", "paragraph_text": "Jimma University (JU) is a public research university located in Jimma, Ethiopia. It is recognized as the leading national university, as ranked first by the Federal Ministry of Education for four successive years (2009 - 2012). The establishment of Jimma university dates back to 1952 when Jimma college of Agriculture was founded. The university got its current name in December 1999 following the amalgamation of Jimma College of Agriculture (founded in 1952) and Jimma Institute of Health Sciences (founded in 1983).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "National University of San Juan", "paragraph_text": "The National University of San Juan (in Castilian, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, UNSJ) is a public university in Argentina. Its seat is located in the city of San Juan, capital of the province of the same name, in the Cuyo region. It was founded in 1973, based on several local institutions and a faculty of the National University of Cuyo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Howard University College of Medicine", "paragraph_text": "The Howard University College of Medicine (HUCM) is an academic division of Howard University, and grants the Doctor of Medicine (MD), Ph.D., MS, and the MPH. HUCM is located at the Howard University Health Sciences Center in Washington, D.C., and was founded in 1868 in response to the city's growing population. With more than 4,000 living alumni, the College has produced a sizeable share of the African-American physicians practicing in this country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "UCL Jill Dando Institute", "paragraph_text": "The UCL Jill Dando Institute of Security and Crime Science (informally the Jill Dando Institute or the JDI) is an institute of crime science located in London, United Kingdom and a part of University College London (UCL). It was founded in 2001, becoming the first university institute in the world devoted specifically to crime science.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Namseoul University", "paragraph_text": "Namseoul University is a private university located in Cheonan, South Korea. The institution was initially founded as the \"Southern Seoul Industrial University\" in 1994 and renamed to Namseoul University in 1998.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "WSOE", "paragraph_text": "WSOE is a non-commercial student-run college radio station based at Elon University in Elon, North Carolina that broadcasts at 89.3fm. The station serves as a creative outlet for students and as a means for students to develop skills for professional broadcast careers. WSOE offers a variety of opportunities in news shows, sports broadcasting, artist interviews, and music technology. Limelight Records, Elon's student-run record label, has worked with WSOE to promote its artists through live sets and interviews on air. The station aims to promote local artists through ticket giveaways, band interviews, and playing these musicians' music over the air.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "University of Buckingham", "paragraph_text": "The University of Buckingham (UB) is a non-profit, private university in the UK and the oldest of the country's five private universities. It is located in Buckingham, England, and was founded as the University College at Buckingham (UCB) in 1973, admitting its first students in 1976. It was granted university status by royal charter in 1983. Buckingham offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and doctoral degrees through five \"schools\" (or faculties) of study.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Politehnica University of Timișoara", "paragraph_text": "Politehnica University of Timișoara () is a public university founded on 11 November 1920. Located in Timișoara, Romania, it is one of the largest technical universities in Central and Eastern Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Mission Santa Clara de Asís", "paragraph_text": "Mission Santa Clara de Asís is a Spanish mission founded by the Franciscan order in the present - day city of Santa Clara, California. The mission, the eighth in California, was founded on January 12, 1777 and named for Saint Clare of Assisi, the foundress of the order of the Poor Clares. It is the namesake of both the city and county of Santa Clara, as well as Santa Clara University, which was built around the mission. This was the first California mission to be named in honor of a woman and the only one now located on a university campus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Acıbadem University", "paragraph_text": "Acıbadem University is a private, non-profit institution, founded in 2007 and located in Istanbul, Turkey. The University is supported by the financial resources of the Kerem Aydınlar Foundation, set up by Mehmet Ali Aydınlar, a leading Turkish businessman, the largest shareholder and the CEO of the Acıbadem Healthcare Group, which is Turkey's leading healthcare institution and founded in 1992.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Soonchunhyang University", "paragraph_text": "Soonchunhyang University (SCH) is a private university in South Korea, founded in 1978. It is located in the city of Asan, South Chungcheong province, about 52 miles (88 km) southwest of Seoul. It was founded by Dr. Succ-Jo Suh in 1978 as a medical college with 80 students, but expanded to become a comprehensive university in 1980, offering both undergraduate and graduate programs. In 2009, the university was ranked 31st among all South Korean universities in a comprehensive evaluation by the JoongAng Ilbo. It was also ranked 151st among Asia-Pacific universities by Chosun-QS Asia in 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Sehan University", "paragraph_text": "Daebul University is a private university located in Yeongam County, South Jeolla, South Korea. The current president is Lee Gyeong-sue (이경수), who has led the university since its founding in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Free University of Bozen-Bolzano", "paragraph_text": "The Free University of Bozen-Bolzano (Italian: \"Libera Università di Bolzano\", German: \"Freie Universität Bozen\", Ladin: \"Università Liedia de Bulsan\") is a university primarily located in Bolzano, Italy. It was founded on 31 October 1997 and is organized into five Faculties.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Amblin Entertainment", "paragraph_text": "Amblin Entertainment is an American film production company founded by director and producer Steven Spielberg, and film producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall in 1981. The company's headquarters are located on the backlot of Universal Studios in Universal City, California. The company distributes all of the films from Amblin Partners under the Amblin Entertainment name.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University", "paragraph_text": "The Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University () is a public university located in the city of Tacna, Peru. It was founded by Decree Law No. 1894 on August 26, 1971; academic activities started on May 13, 1972. The university is named after Jorge Basadre, a renowned Peruvian historian born in Tacna. Currently, the university is known by the acronym UNJBG and prepares students for 30 careers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "American University of Paris", "paragraph_text": "The American University of Paris (AUP) is a private, independent, and accredited liberal arts and sciences university in Paris, France. Founded in 1962, the university is one of the oldest American institutions of higher education in Europe. The university campus consists of ten buildings, centrally located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, on the Left Bank near the Eiffel Tower, Les Invalides, and the Seine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "University of Kansas", "paragraph_text": "The University of Kansas School of Business is a public business school located on the main campus of the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. The KU School of Business was founded in 1924 and currently has more than 80 faculty members and approximately 1500 students.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Museum of Human Anatomy Luigi Rolando", "paragraph_text": "The Museum of Human Anatomy Luigi Rolando () is a museum of human anatomy that was founded in 1739 with headquarters in Torino, Italy. It is part of the museum network of the University of Turin and moved to its current location in the Building of the Anatomical Institutes () in 1898.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 131826, "question": "Which state is WSOE located?", "answer": "North Carolina", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 78074, "question": "who founded #1 a t state university", "answer": "North Carolina General Assembly", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C), though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle. The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman. Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Saint Barthélemy", "paragraph_text": "The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from December to April is the dry season. Sunshine is very prominent for nearly the entire year and even during the rainy season. Humidity, however, is not very high due to the winds. The average temperature is around 25 °C with day temperatures rising to 32 °C. The average high and low temperatures in January are 28 °C and 22 °C, respectively, while in July they are 30 °C and 24 °C. The lowest night temperature recorded is 13 °C. The Caribbean sea waters in the vicinity generally maintain a temperature of about 27 °C.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ashgabat", "paragraph_text": "The Kopet-Dag mountain range is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the south, and Ashgabat's northern boundary touches the Kara-Kum desert. Because of this Ashgabat has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWk) with hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. The average high temperature in July is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). Nighttimes in the summer are warm, with an average minimum temperature in July of 23.8 °C (75 °F). The average January high temperature is 8.6 °C (47.5 °F), and the average low temperature is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Ashgabat is 47.2 °C (117 °F), recorded in June 2015. A low temperature of −24.1 °C (−11 °F) was recorded in January 1969. Snow is infrequent in the area. Annual precipitation is only 201 millimetres (7.91 in); March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "OU Medicine, an academic medical institution located on the campus of The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, is home to OU Medical Center. OU Medicine operates Oklahoma's only level-one trauma center at the OU Medical Center and the state's only level-one trauma center for children at Children's Hospital at OU Medicine, both of which are located in the Oklahoma Health Center district. Other medical facilities operated by OU Medicine include OU Physicians and OU Children's Physicians, the OU College of Medicine, the Oklahoma Cancer Center and OU Medical Center Edmond, the latter being located in the northern suburb of Edmond.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Cambridge Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "Cambridge Medical Center is a regional health care facility providing comprehensive health care services to more than 30,000 residents in Isanti County, Minnesota, United States. The medical center comprises a multi-specialty clinic and an 86-bed hospital located on one campus. A same day clinic, retail pharmacy, therapy center and eye care center are also located in the facility.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Phoenix, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), typical of the Sonoran Desert. Phoenix has long, extremely hot summers and short, mild to warm winters. The city is located within the sunniest region in the world. Measuring 3,872 hours of bright sunshine annually, Phoenix receives the most sunshine of any major city on Earth. Average high temperatures in summer are the hottest of any major city in the United States. On average, there are 107 days annually with a high of at least 100 ° F (38 ° C) including most days from late May through early October. Highs top 110 ° F (43 ° C) an average of 18 days during the year. On June 26, 1990, the temperature reached an all - time recorded high of 122 ° F (50 ° C). Despite the city's claim to the most extreme heat in summer, however, it does not have the highest average annual temperature in the contiguous United States. In that respect, it comes second to Miami; Phoenix has an average daily temperature of 75 ° F (24 ° C), compared to Miami's 77 ° F (25 ° C).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Phoenix, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Phoenix has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), typical of the Sonoran Desert. Phoenix has long, extremely hot summers and short, mild to warm winters. The city is located within the sunniest region in the world. Measuring 3,872 hours of bright sunshine annually, Phoenix receives the most sunshine of any major city on Earth. Average high temperatures in summer are the hottest of any major city in the United States. On average, there are 107 days annually with a high of at least 100 ° F (38 ° C) including most days from late May through early October. Highs top 110 ° F (43 ° C) an average of 18 days during the year. On June 26, 1990, the temperature reached an all - time recorded high of 122 ° F (50 ° C). Despite the city's claim to the most extreme heat in summer, however, it does not have the highest average annual temperature in the contiguous United States. In that respect, it comes second to Miami; Phoenix has an average daily temperature of 75 ° F (24 ° C), compared to Miami's 77 ° F (25 ° C).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Climate of Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Summer, June through August, is the hottest time of the year with a mean temperature of 24 ° C (75 ° F) and a mean precipitation of 300 mm (12 inches) with June having more precipitation than either July or August. The extreme highs for the year often occur in July or August. Tropical cyclones and their remains can impact the state during this time of the year, contributing to area rainfall.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Climate of Islamabad", "paragraph_text": "The climate of Islamabad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classifion, with five seasons: Winter (Nov − Feb), Spring (March − April), Summer (May − June), Rainy Monsoon (July − August) and Autumn (September − October). The hottest month is June, where average highs routinely exceed 38 ° C (100.4 ° F). The wettest month is July, with heavy rainfall and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudburst. The coolest month is January, with temperatures variable by location. In Islamabad, temperatures vary from cold to mild, routinely dropping below zero. In the hills there is sparse snowfall. The weather ranges from a minimum of − 3.9 ° C (25.0 ° F) in January to a maximum of 46.1 ° C (115.0 ° F) in June. The average low is 2 ° C (35.6 ° F) in January, while the average high is 38.1 ° C (100.6 ° F) in June. The highest temperature recorded was 46.5 ° C (115.7 ° F) in June, while the lowest temperature was − 4 ° C (24.8 ° F) in January. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad received a record breaking 620 millimetres (24 in) of rain fell in just 10 hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in 24 hours in Islamabad and at any locality in Pakistan during the past 100 years. Following is the weather observed over Islamabad Airport, which is actually located in Rawalpindi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Palermo", "paragraph_text": "Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 °C (115 °F) in summers to around 0 °C (32 °F) in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and very hot summers, relatively dry and mild winters, a monsoonal period, and dust storms. Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. The annual mean temperature is around 25 °C (77 °F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately 14 to 34 °C (57 to 93 °F). New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −3.2 °C (26.2 °F). Those for Delhi metropolis stand at 49.9 °C (121.8 °F) and −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) respectively. The average annual rainfall is 784 millimetres (30.9 in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Canada", "paragraph_text": "Canada is geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes, notably Mount Meager massif, Mount Garibaldi, Mount Cayley massif, and the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. The volcanic eruption of the Tseax Cone in 1775 was among Canada's worst natural disasters, killing an estimated 2,000 Nisga'a people and destroying their village in the Nass River valley of northern British Columbia. The eruption produced a 22.5-kilometre (14.0 mi) lava flow, and, according to Nisga'a legend, blocked the flow of the Nass River.Average winter and summer high temperatures across Canada vary from region to region. Winters can be harsh in many parts of the country, particularly in the interior and Prairie provinces, which experience a continental climate, where daily average temperatures are near −15 °C (5 °F), but can drop below −40 °C (−40 °F) with severe wind chills. In noncoastal regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six months of the year, while in parts of the north snow can persist year-round. Coastal British Columbia has a temperate climate, with a mild and rainy winter. On the east and west coasts, average high temperatures are generally in the low 20s °C (70s °F), while between the coasts, the average summer high temperature ranges from 25 to 30 °C (77 to 86 °F), with temperatures in some interior locations occasionally exceeding 40 °C (104 °F).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Centerpoint Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "Centerpoint Medical Center is a hospital located in Independence, Missouri at 19600 East 39th Street. It is part of the HCA Midwest Division.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "The climate of the coastal plain is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, which keeps conditions mild in winter and moderate, although humid, in summer. The highest coastal, daytime temperature averages less than 89 °F (32 °C) during summer months. The coast has mild temperatures in winter, with daytime highs rarely below 40 °F (4 °C). The average daytime temperature in the coastal plain is usually in the mid-50s °F (11–14 °C) in winter. Temperatures in the coastal plain only occasionally drop below the freezing point at night. The coastal plain averages only around 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "University of Mississippi Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC) is the health sciences campus of the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) and is located in Jackson, Mississippi, United States. UMMC, also referred to as the Medical Center, is the state's only academic medical center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Charleston is the primary medical center for the eastern portion of the state. The city has several major hospitals located in the downtown area: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center (MUSC), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, and Roper Hospital. MUSC is the state's first school of medicine, the largest medical university in the state, and the sixth-oldest continually operating school of medicine in the United States. The downtown medical district is experiencing rapid growth of biotechnology and medical research industries coupled with substantial expansions of all the major hospitals. Additionally, more expansions are planned or underway at another major hospital located in the West Ashley portion of the city: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital. The Trident Regional Medical Center located in the City of North Charleston and East Cooper Regional Medical Center located in Mount Pleasant also serve the needs of residents of the city of Charleston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Bucharest", "paragraph_text": "Bucharest has a humid continental climate (Dfa), with warm to hot, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. Owing to its position on the Romanian Plain, the city's winters can get windy, though some of the winds are mitigated due to urbanisation. Winter temperatures often dip below 0 °C (32 °F), sometimes even to −20 °C (−4 °F). In summer, the average temperature is 23 °C (73 °F) (the average for July and August). Temperatures frequently reach 35 to 40 °C (95 to 104 °F) in midsummer in the city centre. Although average precipitation and humidity during summer are low, occasional heavy storms occur. During spring and autumn, daytime temperatures vary between 17 and 22 °C (63 and 72 °F), and precipitation during spring tends to be higher than in summer, with more frequent yet milder periods of rain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, located in Peoria, Illinois, United States, is a teaching hospital for the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria and part of the OSF Healthcare System. The Center, which is the largest hospital in the Peoria metropolitan area and in central Illinois, is designated by the state of Illinois as the Level I adult and pediatric regional trauma center for a 26-county region in mid-Illinois. OSF Saint Francis owns the Children's Hospital of Illinois (though the Hospital has its own President), the OSF Saint Francis Heart Hospital, the Illinois Neurological Institute, and the OSF Saint Francis Medical Center College of Nursing, which are all located either in or near the Medical Center. The hospital is a clinical training hospital for many medical students, interns, residents, and fellows of the Peoria campus of the University of Illinois College of Medicine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Jacksonville, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Mean monthly temperatures range from around 53 F in January to 82 F in July. High temperatures average 64 to 92 °F (18 to 33 °C) throughout the year. High heat indices are common for the summer months in the area, with indices above 110 °F (43.3 °C) possible. The highest temperature recorded was 104 °F (40 °C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872. It is common for thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon. These are caused by the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Climate of Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Autumn weather in Minnesota is marked by the rapid decrease of severe thunderstorms, dramatic cooling, and eventually the possibility of blizzards. With summer - time heat still prevalent in the southern U.S. and colder air quickly taking hold in Canada, Minnesota can be affected by wide temperature swings in short periods of time. Because of this, the jet stream, which tends to weaken during the summer months, begins to re-strengthen. This leads to quicker changes in weather patterns and increasingly strong storm systems. As autumn moves on, these storm systems bring with them progressively colder air, eventually changing the rain over snow, generally starting in October in the northern part of the state and November in the south. From September to December the average temperature in the state falls by approximately 43 ° F (23 ° C), the largest such temperature swing within any Minnesota season.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 129127, "question": "In which state is Centerpoint Medical Center located?", "answer": "Missouri", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 90527, "question": "what is the average summer temperature in #1", "answer": "75 ° F", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Hymne à l'amour", "paragraph_text": "``Hymne à l'amour ''was translated into English by Piaf's protégé Eddie Constantine as`` Hymn to Love'', which was recorded by Piaf on her album La Vie En Rose / Édith Piaf Sings In English (1956). This version was featured on Cyndi Lauper's 2003 album At Last. It was also adapted into English as ``If You Love Me (Really Love Me) ''with lyrics by Geoffrey Parsons. Piaf then sang this version in Carnegie Hall at both of her performances in 1956 and 1957. Subsequent covers by Kay Starr in 1954, Shirley Bassey in 1959 and Brenda Lee in 1961 brought fame to this version. Raquel Bitton features`` Hymn to Love'' in her tribute to Piaf 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Singed", "paragraph_text": "Singed is a 1927 American silent drama film produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. The film was directed by John Griffith Wray and stars Blanche Sweet. \"Singed\" is based on Adela Rogers St. Johns' story \"Love o' Women\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Françoise de Panafieu", "paragraph_text": "Françoise de Panafieu (born 12 December 1948) is a French politician, member of The Republicans (LR) party and mayor of the 17th arrondissement of Paris between 2001 and 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Macit Özcan", "paragraph_text": "Macit Özcan, (born 1954 in Karataş, Adana Province, Turkey) is a Turkish politician of the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the former mayor of Mersin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "J. Bracken Lee", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Bracken Lee (January 7, 1899 – October 20, 1996) was an American political figure in the state of Utah. A Republican, he served two terms as the 9th Governor of Utah (1949–57), six 2-year terms as mayor of Price, Utah (1935–47), and three terms as the 27th mayor of Salt Lake City (1960–71).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Connie McCready", "paragraph_text": "Constance \"Connie\" McCready (born Constance Averill, August 20, 1921 – December 22, 2000), was a journalist and politician from Portland, Oregon, in the United States. She held several elected offices in Oregon during her career, including the Oregon House of Representatives, the Portland City Council, and culminating with a partial term as Portland's mayor. To date, McCready remains the last Republican to serve as mayor of the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": "The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city, and Democrats currently (as of 2015[update]) hold a 5-4 majority in the city council. The current mayor, Kevin Faulconer, is a Republican.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Dorilus Morrison", "paragraph_text": "Dorilus Morrison (December 27, 1814 – June 26, 1897) was a banker, businessman, and Republican politician who lived in the US state of Minnesota. He was the first and third mayor of Minneapolis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Jean-Paul Fournier", "paragraph_text": "Jean-Paul Fournier (born 16 October 1945 in Génolhac) is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France and mayor of Nîmes. He represents the Gard department and is a member of The Republicans Party.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Will You Still Love Me? (song)", "paragraph_text": "``Will You Still Love Me? ''is a song written by David Foster, Tom Keane and Richard Baskin for the group Chicago and recorded for their album Chicago 18 (1986). The second single released from that album, it reached number three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in early 1987, prevented from further chart movement by`` Keep Your Hands to Yourself'' by The Georgia Satellites and ``Livin 'on a Prayer ''by Bon Jovi, and also number two on the Adult Contemporary chart, kept from the top spot by`` Ballerina Girl'' by Lionel Richie.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "I Love to Sing the Songs I Sing", "paragraph_text": "I Love to Sing the Songs I Sing is the self-produced ninth album by American R&B singer Barry White, released in 1979 on the 20th Century-Fox Records label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Prescott Metcalf", "paragraph_text": "Prescott Metcalf (January 25, 1813 – October 14, 1891) was a prominent businessman and the 8th mayor of Erie, Pennsylvania. He was one of the first Republican mayors of Erie, Pennsylvania, a post he held from 1862 to 1864.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Johnny Berthelot", "paragraph_text": "John Alan Berthelot, known as Johnny Berthelot (born November 1951), is a Republican member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from District 88, based in his hometown of Gonzales in eastern Ascension Parish near Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He was the mayor of Gonzales from 1984 until 2008 and great-nephew of first mayor of the city, \"Tee Joe\" Gonzales.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Bryan Baptiste", "paragraph_text": "Bryan J. Baptiste (October 15, 1955 – June 22, 2008) was an American politician and member of the Republican Party. He served as mayor of the County of Kauai in Hawaii from 2002 until his death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Love in a Goldfish Bowl", "paragraph_text": "Love in a Goldfish Bowl is a 1961 teen film directed by Jack Sher starring singing idols Tommy Sands and Fabian.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "I Still Call Australia Home", "paragraph_text": "``I Still Call Australia Home ''is a song written and performed by Peter Allen in 1980. In it, Allen sings of Australian expatriates' longing for home.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Antoine Rufenacht", "paragraph_text": "Antoine Rufenacht (born 11 May 1939 in Le Havre) is a French right-wing (The Republicans) politician and former mayor of Le Havre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "William Hale Thompson", "paragraph_text": "William Hale Thompson (May 14, 1869 -- March 19, 1944) was an American politician, mayor of Chicago for three terms, from 1915 to 1923 and again from 1927 to 1931. Known as ``Big Bill ''Thompson, he is the last Republican to have served as mayor of Chicago to date. Historians rank Thompson among the most unethical mayors in American history, mainly for his open alliance with Al Capone. However, others recognize the effectiveness of his political methods and publicity - oriented campaigning, acknowledging him as a`` Political Chameleon'' and an effective political machine. TIME magazine said in 1931, ``chief credit for creating 20th Century Politics Chicago Style ''should go to William Thompson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "Philadelphia once comprised six congressional districts. However, as a result of the city's declining population, it now has only four: the 1st district, represented by Bob Brady; the 2nd, represented by Chaka Fattah; the 8th, represented by Mike Fitzpatrick; and the 13th, represented by Brendan Boyle. All but Fitzpatrick are Democrats. Although they are usually swamped by Democrats in city, state and national elections, Republicans still have some support in the area, primarily in the northeast. A Republican represented a significant portion of Philadelphia in the House as late as 1983, and Sam Katz ran competitive mayoral races as the Republican nominee in both 1999 and 2003.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 87786, "question": "who sings will you still love me the same", "answer": "Chicago", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 72045, "question": "who was the last republican mayor in #1", "answer": "William Hale Thompson", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "Ireland, the United Kingdom and the three Crown Dependencies are all parliamentary democracies, with their own separate parliaments. All parts of the United Kingdom return members to parliament in London. In addition to this, voters in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland return members to a parliament in Edinburgh and to assemblies in Cardiff and Belfast respectively. Governance in the norm is by majority rule, however, Northern Ireland uses a system of power sharing whereby unionists and nationalists share executive posts proportionately and where the assent of both groups are required for the Northern Ireland Assembly to make certain decisions. (In the context of Northern Ireland, unionists are those who want Northern Ireland to remain a part of the United Kingdom and nationalists are those who want Northern Ireland join with the rest of Ireland.) The British monarch is the head of state for all parts of the isles except for the Republic of Ireland, where the head of state is the President of Ireland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "One man, one vote", "paragraph_text": "Based on a number of inequities, the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association was founded in 1967. It had five primary demands, and added the demand that each citizen in Northern Ireland be afforded the same number of votes for local elections (national elections followed the same eligibility rules as the rest of the UK). The slogan ``one man, one vote ''became a rallying cry for this campaign. The Parliament of Northern Ireland voted to update the voting rules, which were implemented for the Northern Ireland general election, 1969.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Parliament of Northern Ireland", "paragraph_text": "The Parliament of Northern Ireland was the Home Rule legislature of Northern Ireland, created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which sat from 7 June 1921 to 30 March 1972, when it was suspended with the introduction of Direct Rule. It was abolished under the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍ -- ‌the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west, giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 22nd-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Daybreak Northern Ireland", "paragraph_text": "Daybreak Northern Ireland (previously \"GMTV Northern Ireland\") was the regional news strand for Northern Ireland provided for the ITV breakfast station ITV Breakfast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Northern Ireland", "paragraph_text": "Northern Ireland (Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann (ˈt̪ɣuəʃcəɾɣt̪ɣ ˈeːɾjən̪ɣ) (listen); Ulster - Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north - east of the island of Ireland, variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the UK's population. Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government. Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas, and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to ``put forward views and proposals ''with`` determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Billy Rice", "paragraph_text": "Billy Rice (born 12 September 1938 in Belfast, Northern Ireland, died 26 June 2008) was a football player who played for Australia in their 1966 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Tornado climatology", "paragraph_text": "Tornadoes have been recorded on all continents except Antarctica and are most common in the middle latitudes where conditions are often favorable for convective storm development. The United States has the most tornadoes of any country, as well as the strongest and most violent tornadoes. A large portion of these tornadoes form in an area of the central United States popularly known as Tornado Alley. Other areas of the world that have frequent tornadoes include significant portions of Europe, South Africa, Philippines, Bangladesh, parts of Argentina, Uruguay, and southern and southeast Brazil, New Zealand, and far eastern Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tornado climatology", "paragraph_text": "The United States averaged 1,274 tornadoes per year in the last decade while Canada reports nearly 100 annually (largely in the southern regions). However, the UK has most tornadoes per area per year, 0.14 per 1000 km2, although these tornadoes are generally weak, and many other European countries have a similar number of tornadoes per area.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "John Dermot Campbell", "paragraph_text": "John Dermot Campbell DL (20 January 1898 – 23 January 1945) was a Northern Irish businessman and Ulster Unionist Member of Parliament in both United Kingdom and Northern Ireland Parliaments. He was killed during the Second World War in a plane crash.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho", "paragraph_text": "The Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho was a historic tornado outbreak and derecho that began on the afternoon of May 30 and extended throughout May 31, 1998, across a large portion of the northern half of the United States and southern Ontario from southeastern Montana east and southeastward to the Atlantic Ocean. The initial tornado outbreak, including the devastating Spencer tornado, hit southeast South Dakota on the evening of May 30. The Spencer tornado was the most destructive and the second-deadliest tornado in South Dakota history. Eleven people were killed; 7 by tornadoes and 6 by the derecho. Over two million people lost electrical power, some for up to 10 days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ralph Bryans", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Bryans (7 March 1941 – 6 August 2014) was a Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from Northern Ireland. Bryans was Ireland’s only Grand Prix world champion, winning the 50 cc title in 1965.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Seán Neeson", "paragraph_text": "Seán Neeson (born 9 February 1946) is a politician in Northern Ireland who served as leader of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland between 1998 and 2001.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "List of Areas of Special Scientific Interest in Northern Ireland", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSIs) in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. In Northern Ireland the body responsible for designating ASSIs is the Northern Ireland Environment Agency - a division of the Department of Environment (DoE).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Killea, County Donegal", "paragraph_text": "The settlement sits on the border of County Donegal in the Republic of Ireland and County Londonderry in Northern Ireland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Troubles", "paragraph_text": "The Troubles (Irish: Na Trioblóidí) was an ethno - nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland during the late 20th century. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, and the Conflict in Ireland it is sometimes described as a ``guerrilla war ''or a`` low - level war''. The conflict began in the late 1960s and is usually deemed to have ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles primarily took place in Northern Ireland, at times the violence spilled over into parts of the Republic of Ireland, England, and mainland Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "The Northern Ireland Peace Process has led to a number of unusual arrangements between the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom. For example, citizens of Northern Ireland are entitled to the choice of Irish or British citizenship or both and the Governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom consult on matters not devolved to the Northern Ireland Executive. The Northern Ireland Executive and the Government of Ireland also meet as the North/South Ministerial Council to develop policies common across the island of Ireland. These arrangements were made following the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Northern Ireland", "paragraph_text": "Northern Ireland was created in 1921, when Ireland was partitioned between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. Unlike Southern Ireland, which would become the Irish Free State in 1922, the majority of Northern Ireland's population were unionists, who wanted to remain within the United Kingdom. Most of these were the Protestant descendants of colonists from Great Britain. However, a significant minority, mostly Catholics, were nationalists who wanted a united Ireland independent of British rule. Today, the former generally see themselves as British and the latter generally see themselves as Irish, while a distinct Northern Irish or Ulster identity is claimed both by a large minority of Catholics and Protestants and by many of those who are non-aligned.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ireland national rugby union team", "paragraph_text": "The Ireland national rugby union team represents the island of Ireland (both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland) in rugby union. The team competes annually in the Six Nations Championship, which they have won twelve times outright and shared eight times. The team also competes every four years in the Rugby World Cup, where they reached the quarter - final stage in all but two competitions (1999 and 2007). Ireland is also one of the four unions that make up the British and Irish Lions -- players eligible to play for Ireland are also eligible for the Lions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "There are two sovereign states in the isles: Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Ireland, sometimes called the Republic of Ireland, governs five sixths of the island of Ireland, with the remainder of the island forming Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, usually shortened to simply the United Kingdom, which governs the remainder of the archipelago with the exception of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The Isle of Man and the two states of the Channel Islands, Jersey and Guernsey, are known as the Crown Dependencies. They exercise constitutional rights of self-government and judicial independence; responsibility for international representation rests largely upon the UK (in consultation with the respective governments); and responsibility for defence is reserved by the UK. The United Kingdom is made up of four constituent parts: England, Scotland and Wales, forming Great Britain, and Northern Ireland in the north-east of the island of Ireland. Of these, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have \"devolved\" governments meaning that they have their own parliaments/assemblies and are self-governing with respect to certain areas set down by law. For judicial purposes, Scotland, Northern Ireland and England and Wales (the latter being one entity) form separate legal jurisdiction, with there being no single law for the UK as a whole.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 64964, "question": "who has the most tornadoes in the world", "answer": "the UK", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 43937, "question": "when did the #1 take over northern ireland", "answer": "1921", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "European colonisation of Southeast Asia", "paragraph_text": "The spice trade was made possible by the maritime trade route. In 1498, the Portuguese navigator, Vasco da Gama, sailed round the Cape of Good Hope and opened up a sea route from Europe to India. Bringing home samples of exotic oriental products, da Gama greatly increased European interest in the new trade route and the new trade route quickly facilitated the expansion of trade. Eventually, the Dutch wrestled control of it from the Portuguese in the 17th century, and in the 18th century, the British gained control of it from the Dutch. Nevertheless, the spice route greatly increased trading activities, deepened the economic relations between Europe and Southeast Asia and as a result, more European merchants found their way to Southeast Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Kievan Rus'", "paragraph_text": "The new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe. In the north, Novgorod served as a commercial link between the Baltic Sea and the Volga trade route to the lands of the Volga Bulgars, the Khazars, and across the Caspian Sea as far as Baghdad, providing access to markets and products from Central Asia and the Middle East. Trade from the Baltic also moved south on a network of rivers and short portages along the Dnieper known as the \"route from the Varangians to the Greeks,\" continuing to the Black Sea and on to Constantinople. Kiev was a central outpost along the Dnieper route and a hub with the east-west overland trade route between the Khazars and the Germanic lands of Central Europe. These commercial connections enriched Rus' merchants and princes, funding military forces and the construction of churches, palaces, fortifications, and further towns. Demand for luxury goods fostered production of expensive jewelry and religious wares, allowing their export, and an advanced credit and money-lending system may have also been in place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Atlantic slave trade", "paragraph_text": "The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly from Africa to the Americas, and then their sale there. The slave trade used mainly the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, and existed from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The vast majority of those who were enslaved and transported in the transatlantic slave trade were Africans from central and western Africa, who had been sold by other West Africans to Western European slave traders (with a small number being captured directly by the slave traders in coastal raids), who brought them to the Americas. The South Atlantic and Caribbean economies especially were dependent on the supply of secure labour for the production of commodity crops, making goods and clothing to sell in Europe. This was crucial to those western European countries which, in the late 17th and 18th centuries, were vying with each other to create overseas empires.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India", "paragraph_text": "The discovery of the sea route to India is the description sometimes used in Europe and among the Portuguese for the first recorded trip made directly from Europe to India via the Atlantic Ocean. It was undertaken under the command of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama during the reign of King Manuel I in 1497 - 1499. Considered by Europe to be one of the most remarkable voyages of the Age of Discovery, it consolidated the Portuguese maritime presence in Indian Ocean and that country's dominance of global trade routes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "East India Company", "paragraph_text": "The company established a group of trading settlements centred on the Straits of Malacca called the Straits Settlements in 1826 to protect its trade route to China and to combat local piracy. The settlements were also used as penal settlements for Indian civilian and military prisoners.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Muslim world", "paragraph_text": "Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century. Hormuz was an important center for this trade. There was also a dense network of trade routes in the Mediterranean, along which Muslim countries traded with each other and with European powers such as Venice, Genoa and Catalonia. The Silk Road crossing Central Asia passed through Muslim states between China and Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "VAH-21", "paragraph_text": "The squadron was established on 1 September 1968, as the first squadron in the Navy with a night interdiction mission using new electronic surveillance equipment. Its mission was to interdict logistics moving over land or sea. A detachment of VAH-21 was immediately established at a Navy facility associated with Cam Ranh Air Base, South Vietnam. The detachment had been a Naval Air Test Center Project TRIM Detachment (TRIM: Trails Roads Interdiction Multi-sensor) prior to becoming a VAH-21 detachment. VAH-21 was disestablished on 16 June 1969.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Silk Road", "paragraph_text": "The Mongol expansion throughout the Asian continent from around 1207 to 1360 helped bring political stability and re-established the Silk Road (via Karakorum). It also brought an end to the dominance of the Islamic Caliphate over world trade. Because the Mongols came to control the trade routes, trade circulated throughout the region, though they never abandoned their nomadic lifestyle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Deutsche EuroShop", "paragraph_text": "Deutsche EuroShop AG is a German-based international real estate investment company headquartered in Hamburg. It is the largest German investor in shopping centers, and the country's only publicly traded company to do so exclusively. At the end of 2010 the firm held investments in 18 properties, of which 14 were in Germany, two in Poland and one each in Austria and Hungary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "All Quiet on the Western Front", "paragraph_text": "All Quiet on the Western Front (German: Im Westen nichts Neues, lit. 'In the West Nothing New') is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers' extreme physical and mental stress during the war, and the detachment from civilian life felt by many of these soldiers upon returning home from the front.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Exploration of North America", "paragraph_text": "The Viking voyages did not become common knowledge in the Old World, and Europeans remained unaware of the existence of the Americas as a whole, until the first decades following the year 1492. Many expeditions were launched from European nations in search of a Northwest Passage to East Asia (or ``the Indies ''as the region was called) in order to establish a shorter trade route to China than the Silk Road, a trade route which had become desperately needed and yet exacerbated by the Fall of Constantinople. Also, the Castilian crown needed an alternative to the Portuguese controlled eastern maritime trade route around Africa to India and East Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Founding of modern Singapore", "paragraph_text": "In 1818, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles was appointed Lieutenant Governor of the British colony at Bencoolen. Raffles believed that the British should find a way to challenge the dominance of the Dutch in the area. The trade route between China and British India passed through the Malacca Strait, and with the growing trade with China, that route would become increasingly important. However, the Dutch had tight control over the trade in the region and intended to enforce the exclusive rights of its company ships to trade, and that trade should be conducted at its entrepot Batavia. British trading ships were heavily taxed at Dutch ports, stifling British trade in the region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "I Just Want to Dance with You", "paragraph_text": "``I Just Want to Dance with You ''is a song written by John Prine and Roger Cook, and performed by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in April 1998 as the first single to his album, One Step at a Time, it is his 34th Number One single on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, and his 42nd Number One single when all major trade charts are counted. Prine recorded it 12 years earlier, for his 1986 album`` German Afternoons.''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mali", "paragraph_text": "In the late 14th century, the Songhai gradually gained independence from the Mali Empire and expanded, ultimately subsuming the entire eastern portion of the Mali Empire. The Songhai Empire's eventual collapse was largely the result of a Moroccan invasion in 1591, under the command of Judar Pasha. The fall of the Songhai Empire marked the end of the region's role as a trading crossroads. Following the establishment of sea routes by the European powers, the trans-Saharan trade routes lost significance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Calgary", "paragraph_text": "In 1875, the site became a post of the North-West Mounted Police (now the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or RCMP). The NWMP detachment was assigned to protect the western plains from US whisky traders, and to protect the fur trade. Originally named Fort Brisebois, after NWMP officer Éphrem-A. Brisebois, it was renamed Fort Calgary in 1876 by Colonel James Macleod.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Thomas Maissen", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Maissen (born 23 October 1962 in Zurich, Switzerland) is a professor of modern history at Heidelberg University and co-director of the Cluster of Excellence \"Asia and Europe in a Global Context\". As of September 2013 he is detached as director of the German Historical Institute in Paris.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Hellweg Börde", "paragraph_text": "The Hellweg Börde (German: \"Hellwegbörde\") is a \"börde\" landscape and natural region on the southern edge of the Westphalian Lowland in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which embraces the old Hellweg trading route cities and towns of Dortmund, Unna, Werl and Soest extending to Salzkotten and from there in an ever narrower strip to its northeastern tip at Schlangen on the edge of the town of Bad Lippspringe. It is characterised by its heavy deposits of post ice age loess soils. The region can be further divided into the Werl-Unna Börde, Soest Börde and Geseke Börde.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Nuyaka Mission", "paragraph_text": "The Nuyaka Mission, Oklahoma site is located in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma, approximately 15.7 miles west of the intersection of U.S. Route 75 and State Highway 56 (6th Street) in the City of Okmulgee, Oklahoma. The Nuyaka Mission is included on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma. The mission was established by Alice Mary Robertson at the request of the Creek Council, and run by the Presbyterian Church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Oskar Fehr", "paragraph_text": "Oskar Fehr (9 October 1871 in Braunschweig – 1 August 1959 in London) was a German ophthalmologist. Among his medical specialties were swimming pool conjunctivitis, tumours of the eye, and retinal detachment. He was an internationally renowned eye surgeon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Embassy of the Philippines, London", "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of the Philippines in London is the diplomatic mission of the Philippines in the United Kingdom. It is located on a cul-de-sac near Trafalgar Square. The Philippines also maintains a Trade Section at 1a Cumberland House, Kensington Court, South Kensington.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106411, "question": "Which was the country for The Detached Mission?", "answer": "Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 23358, "question": "What was the trade route between german and #1 ?", "answer": "occupied Polish territories", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "AMSDOS", "paragraph_text": "AMSDOS is a disk operating system for the 8-bit Amstrad CPC Computer (and various clones). The name is a contraction of Amstrad Disk", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Group (mathematics)", "paragraph_text": "For any prime number p, there is also the multiplicative group of integers modulo p. Its elements are the integers 1 to p − 1. The group operation is multiplication modulo p. That is, the usual product is divided by p and the remainder of this division is the result of modular multiplication. For example, if p = 5, there are four group elements 1, 2, 3, 4. In this group, 4 · 4 = 1, because the usual product 16 is equivalent to 1, which divided by 5 yields a remainder of 1. for 5 divides 16 − 1 = 15, denoted", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Liapootah Power Station", "paragraph_text": "The Liapootah Power Station is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The power station is situated on the Lower River Derwent catchment and is owned and operated by Hydro Tasmania.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Great power", "paragraph_text": "Milena Sterio, American expert of international law, includes the former axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and India among the great powers along with the permanent members of the UNSC. She considers Germany, Japan and Italy to be great powers due to their G7 membership and because of their influence in regional and international organizations. Various authors describe Italy as an equal major power, while others view Italy as an \"intermittent great power\" or as \"the least of the great powers\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "NSPCL Bhilai Power Plant", "paragraph_text": "The NSPCL Bhilai Power Plant is a coal-fired captive power station at Bhilai in Durg district, Chhattisgarh, India. The power station owned and operated by NSPCL is a 50:50 joint venture company of NTPC Limited and SAIL to generate power for captive purposes of various steel plants owned by SAIL.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Great power", "paragraph_text": "All states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actual influence throughout the scope of the prevailing international system. Arnold J. Toynbee, for example, observes that \"Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers' because Western society had recently become 'world-wide'.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "First Army Division East", "paragraph_text": "First Army Division East was established by Department of the Army Permanent Order 156-7 to provide training and readiness oversight and mobilization operations for an area of responsibility spanning 27 states and territories east of the Mississippi River. First Army Division East is responsible for mobilizing, training, readiness oversight and deploying the United States' Reserve and National Guard Soldiers, and selected Sailors and Airmen along with members of multiple interagency and governmental entities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), Congress could not authorize the president to formulate codes of \"fair competition.\" It was held that Congress must set some standards governing the actions of executive officers. The Court, however, has deemed that phrases such as \"just and reasonable,\" \"public interest\" and \"public convenience\" suffice.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Near East", "paragraph_text": "The United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the \"Middle East and North Africa\" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes Iran on the east. UNESCO recognizes neither a Near East nor a Middle East, dividing the countries instead among three regions: Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, and Africa. Its division \"does not forcibly reflect geography\" but \"refers to the execution of regional activities.\" The United Nations Statistics Division defines Western Asia to contain the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) describes its entire theatre of operations as the Near East, but then assigns many of its members to other regions as well; for example, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey are in both the European and the Near Eastern regions. Its total area extends further into Central Asia than that of most agencies.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Dennard scaling", "paragraph_text": "Dennard scaling, also known as MOSFET scaling, is a scaling law based on a 1974 paper co-authored by Robert H. Dennard, after whom it is named. Originally formulated for MOSFETs, it states, roughly, that as transistors get smaller, their power density stays constant, so that the power use stays in proportion with area; both voltage and current scale (downward) with length.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Quran", "paragraph_text": "In addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are the first few words by which the juzʼ starts. A juz' is sometimes further divided into two ḥizb (plural aḥzāb), and each hizb subdivided into four rubʻ al-ahzab. The Quran is also divided into seven approximately equal parts, manzil (plural manāzil), for it to be recited in a week.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Heavy machine gun", "paragraph_text": "There were thus two main types of heavy, rapid-fire weapons: the manually powered, multiple-barrel machine guns and the single-barrel Maxim guns. By the end of the 19th century, many new designs such as the M1895 Colt–Browning and Hotchkiss were developed, powered by gas operation or recoil operation. Also, rather than the heavy water jacket, new designs introduced other types of barrel cooling, such as barrel replacement, metal fins, heat sinks or some combination of these.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Linus's Law", "paragraph_text": "Linus's Law is a claim about software development, named in honor of Linus Torvalds and formulated by Eric S. Raymond in his essay and book \"The Cathedral and the Bazaar\" (1999). The law states that \"given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow\"; or more formally: \"Given a large enough beta-tester and co-developer base, almost every problem will be characterized quickly and the fix obvious to someone.\" Presenting the code to multiple developers with the purpose of reaching consensus about its acceptance is a simple form of software reviewing. Researchers and practitioners have repeatedly shown the effectiveness of various types of reviewing process in finding bugs and security issues, and also that .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Division of Korea", "paragraph_text": "A Soviet - US Joint Commission met in 1946 and 1947 to work towards a unified administration, but failed to make progress due to increasing Cold War antagonism and to Korean opposition to the trusteeship. Meanwhile, the division between the two zones deepened. The difference in policy between the occupying powers led to a polarization of politics, and a transfer of population between North and South. In May 1946 it was made illegal to cross the 38th parallel without a permit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Computer", "paragraph_text": "The sector, a calculating instrument used for solving problems in proportion, trigonometry, multiplication and division, and for various functions, such as squares and cube roots, was developed in the late 16th century and found application in gunnery, surveying and navigation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "United Nations Trusteeship Council", "paragraph_text": "United Nations Trusteeship Council The chamber of the UN Trusteeship Council, United Nations headquarters / UN headquarters, New York Formation 1945 Type Principal Organ Legal status Inactive (As of 1994) Head President Alexis Lamek France Vice-President Peter Wilson United Kingdom Website www.un.org/en/mainbodies/trusteeship", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Rover SD1", "paragraph_text": "The Rover SD1 is both the code name and eventual production name given to a series of executive cars built by the Specialist Division (later the \"Jaguar-Rover-Triumph\" division) of British Leyland (BL), under the Rover marque. It was produced through its Specialist, Rover Triumph and Austin Rover divisions from 1976 until 1986, when it was replaced by the Rover 800. The SD1 was marketed under various names. In 1977 it won the European Car of the Year title.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "John von Neumann", "paragraph_text": "The physics of quantum mechanics was thereby reduced to the mathematics of Hilbert spaces and linear operators acting on them. For example, the uncertainty principle, according to which the determination of the position of a particle prevents the determination of its momentum and vice versa, is translated into the non-commutativity of the two corresponding operators. This new mathematical formulation included as special cases the formulations of both Heisenberg and Schrödinger. When Heisenberg was informed von Neumann had clarified the difference between an unbounded operator that was a Self-adjoint operator and one that was merely symmetric, Heisenberg replied \"Eh? What is the difference?\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Cluny Power Station", "paragraph_text": "The Cluny Power Station is a conventional hydroelectric power station located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The power station is situated on the Lower River Derwent catchment and is owned and operated by Hydro Tasmania.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor, bringing it too into the war on the Allied side. China also joined the Allies, as eventually did most of the rest of the world. China was in turmoil at the time, and attacked Japanese armies through guerilla-type warfare. By the beginning of 1942, the major combatants were aligned as follows: the British Commonwealth, the United States, and the Soviet Union were fighting Germany and Italy; and the British Commonwealth, China, and the United States were fighting Japan. The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" during the World War II and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations These four countries were considered as the \"Four Policemen\" or \"Four Sheriffs\" of the Allies power and primary victors of World War II. From then through August 1945, battles raged across all of Europe, in the North Atlantic Ocean, across North Africa, throughout Southeast Asia, throughout China, across the Pacific Ocean and in the air over Japan.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 10001, "question": "Who formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations?", "answer": "The United Nations", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 33297, "question": "What did The #1 name \"The Trusteeship Of The Powerful\"", "answer": "\"Four Policemen\"", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[ "Four Policemen" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "30 June Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The 30 June Stadium is a stadium used mostly for football matches and also sometimes for athletics located in Cairo. It was built by the Egyptian Air Defense Forces. The stadium is the main venue of the Air Defense Sport Village. The stadium has a capacity of 30,000 and it is one of the venues of the Egyptian Premier League. It is the home ground of the Egyptian Premier League side Pyramids F.C.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest arena the o2 arena and other large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire. Several music festivals, including the Wireless Festival, South West Four, Lovebox, and Hyde Park's British Summer Time are all held in London. The city is home to the first and original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios where The Beatles recorded many of their hits. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Queen, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Eric Clapton, Led Zeppelin, The Small Faces, Iron Maiden, Fleetwood Mac, Elvis Costello, Cat Stevens, The Police, The Cure, Madness, The Jam, Dusty Springfield, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Sade, derived their sound from the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Mpumelelo Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Mpumelelo Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal South Africa. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home venue of Dundee XI Experience in the Vodacom League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Hang Tuah Stadium (Pekanbaru)", "paragraph_text": "Hang Tuah Stadium was formerly a multi-use stadium in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. It was normally used for football matches and as the home venue for PSPS Pekanbaru of the Liga Indonesia. The stadium had a capacity of 5,000 spectators.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Andre Reed Stadium", "paragraph_text": "University Field at Andre Reed Stadium (or simply Andre Reed Stadium, formerly University Field) is an outdoor college football stadium located in Kutztown, Pennsylvania on the campus of Kutztown University of Pennsylvania. It is home to both Kutztown's football and field hockey programs competing in the PSAC. The stadium has a capacity of 5,600 making it the ninth largest venue in the PSAC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Tishreen Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Tishreen Stadium () is a multi-use all-seater stadium in Damascus, Syria, currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home venue of the al-Shorta SC. The capacity of the stadium is 12,000 seats.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Miami Marlins", "paragraph_text": "The team began play as an expansion team in the 1993 season as the Florida Marlins and played home games from their inaugural season to the 2011 season at Joe Robbie Stadium, which they shared with the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). The stadium was later called Pro Player Park, Pro Player Stadium, Dolphin Stadium, Dolphins Stadium, Land Shark Stadium, and Sun Life Stadium during their tenancy. Since the 2012 season, they have played at Marlins Park in downtown Miami, on the site of the former Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. The new park, unlike Sun Life Stadium (which was criticized in its baseball configuration for poor sight lines in some locations), was designed foremost as a baseball park. The new park's name is a temporary one until naming rights are purchased. Per an agreement with the city and Miami - Dade County (which owns the park), the Marlins officially changed their name to the ``Miami Marlins ''on November 11, 2011. They also adopted a new logo, color scheme, and uniforms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Rose Bowl (stadium)", "paragraph_text": "One of the most famous stadiums in sporting history, the Rose Bowl is best known as a college football venue, specifically as the host of the annual Rose Bowl Game for which it is named. Since 1982, it has also served as the home stadium of the UCLA Bruins football team. The stadium has also hosted five Super Bowl games, second most of any venue. The Rose Bowl is also a noted soccer venue, having hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup Final, 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup Final, and the 1984 Olympic Gold Medal Match, as well as numerous CONCACAF and United States Soccer Federation matches.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Estadio Pensativo", "paragraph_text": "Estadio Pensativo is a football stadium in Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala. The venue is home to first division club Antigua GFC (\"Panzas Verdes\"), and has a maximum capacity of 9,000 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Estadio de La Condomina", "paragraph_text": "La Condomina is a multi-use stadium in Murcia, Spain. The stadium holds 6,500 spectators and it is currently used mostly for football matches and music concerts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Dallas Texans (NFL)", "paragraph_text": "Although the NFL rapidly grew more prosperous during the latter part of the 1950s, (especially after the success of ``The Greatest Game Ever Played ''- the 1958 championship game in old Yankee Stadium between the vaunted New York Giants versus the developing Colts leading to a later profitable nationwide television contract), the fiasco in Dallas left the NFL leery of further expansion. Unable to persuade other NFL owners to reconsider, Texas oil scion Lamar Hunt with others, founded the American Football League as a direct competitor to the older NFL. When Hunt's new Dallas Texans were announced as charter members of the new league, the NFL quickly reconsidered its position on expansion and made a second venture into Dallas in 1960, establishing what would become a more successful and later world - wide famous team, the Dallas Cowboys, briefly known in the beginning as the Dallas Rangers. A minor league baseball team of that same name was expected to disband, but did n't and the`` Cowboys'' name was later adopted for the NFL team in mid-March 1960. Both franchises shared the Cotton Bowl (also the home of Southern Methodist University's (SMU) Mustangs) stadium for their first three seasons. The new AFL team moved after winning the 1962 AFL Championship in double overtime and became the Kansas City Chiefs for its fourth season in 1963.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Waris Dirie", "paragraph_text": "Dirie along with a few relatives later moved to London, where she resided with and worked for an uncle, who had been appointed Somali ambassador. When his term in office ended, Waris remained in the city and held a job at a local McDonald's. She also began evening classes to learn English.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "State Farm Stadium", "paragraph_text": "State Farm Stadium, formerly known as University of Phoenix Stadium, is a multi-purpose football stadium located in Glendale, Arizona, west of Phoenix. It is the home of the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL) and the annual Fiesta Bowl. It replaced Tempe's Sun Devil Stadium as the Valley of the Sun's main stadium. The stadium is adjacent to the Gila River Arena and it features the first fully retractable natural grass playing surface built in the United States on top of an AirField Systems drainage system. An opening on one side of the stadium allows the playing field to move to the exterior of the building, allowing the entire natural turf playing surface to be exposed to daylight and also allowing the floor of the stadium to be used for any other purpose (such as seating for concerts or to accommodate motorsports events) without damaging the turf.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Shahid Bahonar Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Shahid Bahonar Kerman Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium, located in central Kerman, Iran. It is used mostly for football matches. The stadium is able to hold 15,430 people and was opened in 2007. Shahid Bahonar Stadium is home venue of Azadegan League side, Mes Kerman Athletic and Cultural Club. It is named in honour of former Iranian Prime Minister, Mohammad-Javad Bahonar who was assassinated in 1981.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "KCOM Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The bowl-shaped stadium contains a continuous single tier of seats with a second tier on the west side. Its current capacity is 25,400. The stadium hosts two tenants, association football club Hull City A.F.C., which moved there from Boothferry Park, and rugby league football club Hull FC, relocated from the Boulevard. It is also the 2nd largest rugby league stadium in England. The ground also hosts international association football and rugby league football competitions and acts as a venue for concerts by musical artists, such as Elton John and The Who.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Estadio Alfonso Lastras", "paragraph_text": "Estadio Alfonso Lastras is a multi-use unfinished stadium in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and also music concerts. It used to be the home stadium of San Luis F.C. but after it dissolved Atlético San Luis is the current team that play in Alfonso Lastras. The stadium holds 25,111 people and was built in 2002. It is named after the late Alfonso Lastras Ramírez, who was co-founder of an early football club called Cachorros de San Luis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Richards Bay Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Richards Bay Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is used mostly for football matches, and is currently home venue for National First Division club Thanda Royal Zulu, and for the Vodacom League clubs Bright Stars and Real Classic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Nissan Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Nissan Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Nashville, Tennessee, United States, owned by the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. It is primarily used for football and is the home field of the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL) and the Tennessee State Tigers of Tennessee State University. The stadium is also the site of the Franklin American Mortgage Music City Bowl, a postseason college football bowl game played each December, and is occasionally used as a venue for soccer matches. Nissan Stadium is used for large concerts, such as the CMA Music Festival nightly concerts which take place for four days every June. Facilities are included to enable the stadium to host other public events, meetings, parties, and gatherings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Bunamwaya Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Bunamwaya Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Wakiso Town, Uganda. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home venue of Bunamwaya SC of the Ugandan Super League. The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Wembezi Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Wembezi Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Estcourt, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home venue of Wembezi Juventus in the Vodacom League.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160546, "question": "Where did Dirie move later in life?", "answer": "London", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 26427, "question": "What #1 concert venue shares its first name with a famous football stadium?", "answer": "Wembley Arena", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Wolverine (film)", "paragraph_text": "The next morning, Yukio informs Logan that Ichirō has died and that she did not foresee his death. At the funeral, Yakuza gangsters attempt to kidnap Mariko, but Logan and Mariko escape together into the urban sprawl of Tokyo. Harada, a Ninja of the Blackfoot clan, shoots off some of the Yakuza with arrows from atop of the city buildings to protect Mariko. Logan is shot and his wounds do not heal as quickly as they should. After fighting off more Yakuza on a bullet train, Logan and Mariko hide in a local love hotel. Meanwhile, Harada meets with Dr. Green who, after demonstrating her mutant powers on him, demands he find Logan and Mariko. Logan and Mariko travel to Ichirō's house in Nagasaki, and the two slowly fall in love. Back in Tokyo, Shingen uses the local police to search for Mariko. He also enlists Mariko's fiance Noburo Mori, a corrupt Minister Of Justice, to use his underworld contacts. Shingen expresses to Noburo that he is anxious to find Mariko before Ichiro's will is read in 3 days. Meanwhile, Yukio has a vision of Logan dying and goes to warn him. Before Yukio arrives, Mariko is captured by the Yakuza. After interrogating one of the kidnappers, Logan and Yukio confront Noburo. Noburo confesses that he conspired with Shingen to have Mariko killed because Ichirō left control of the company to Mariko, and not Shingen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Suspension of disbelief", "paragraph_text": "The term suspension of disbelief or willing suspension of disbelief has been defined as a willingness to suspend one's critical faculties and believe something surreal; sacrifice of realism and logic for the sake of enjoyment. The term was coined in 1817 by the poet and aesthetic philosopher Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who suggested that if a writer could infuse a ``human interest and a semblance of truth ''into a fantastic tale, the reader would suspend judgement concerning the implausibility of the narrative. Suspension of disbelief often applies to fictional works of the action, comedy, fantasy, and horror genres. Cognitive estrangement in fiction involves using a person's ignorance to promote suspension of disbelief.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Fort Logan National Cemetery", "paragraph_text": "Fort Logan National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery in Denver, Colorado. Fort Logan was named after Union General John A. Logan, commander of US Volunteer forces during the American Civil War. It contains and has over 122,000 interments as of 2014. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Glendale Township, Logan County, North Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Glendale Township is one of the nine townships of Logan County, North Dakota, United States. It lies in the northwestern part of the county and borders the following other townships within Logan County:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Veronica Mars (character)", "paragraph_text": "Veronica began to date Logan Echolls at the end of the first season. While she was going out with Leo D'Amato, she kissed Logan in thanks for saving her from a would - be kidnapper (Jonathan Taylor Thomas), who actually turned out to be an ATF agent. Their kiss turned into something more when Logan pulled her into a passionate embrace. They begin to secretly date.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Wolverine (film)", "paragraph_text": "Meanwhile, Yukio arrives and kills Dr. Green. As Logan fights the Silver Samurai. The Silver Samurai severs Logan's adamantium claws and begins to extract Logan's healing abilities through his bone marrow, revealing himself to be Ichirō, who had faked his death. Ichirō regains his youth, but Mariko intervenes and stabs Ichirō with Logan's severed claws. Logan regenerates his bone claws and kills Ichirō. Logan collapses and has one final hallucination of Jean, in which he decides to finally let her go. Mariko becomes CEO of Yashida Industries and bids farewell to Logan as he prepares to leave Japan. Yukio vows to stay by Logan's side as his bodyguard, and they depart to places unknown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Waterford West, Queensland", "paragraph_text": "Waterford West is a residential suburb of Logan City, Queensland, Australia. The eastern boundary and part of the southern boundary follow the course of the Logan River. At the 2016 Australian Census the suburb recorded a population of 6,431.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Tieta", "paragraph_text": "Written mainly in Buraquinho Beach, Lauro de Freitas, close to Salvador, Brazil, and concluded in London in mid-1977, Tieta lives up to its full title: \"\"Tieta the Goat Girl or The Return of The Prodigal Daughter, A Melodramatic Serial Novel in Five Sensational Episodes with a Touching Epilogue: Thrills and Suspense!\"\" The book is one of the author's longest narratives and follows the story's protagonist through three decades.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Edward Lawrence Logan", "paragraph_text": "Edward Lawrence Logan (January 20, 1875 – July 6, 1939) was an American lawyer, judge, military officer, and politician. While still a student, Logan enlisted in the Massachusetts 9th infantry during the Spanish–American War. Upon returning to Boston, he ran successfully for a seat on the Boston City Council in 1899, and subsequently won election to the Massachusetts state legislature as both a representative, and later as a state senator. Rising to the rank of major general following the First World War, he was given command of the 26th Infantry Division of the United States Army. Logan was instrumental in the post–World War I reorganization of that unit, as well as the Massachusetts National Guard. He would go on to serve as head of the American Legion's Massachusetts division.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "X-Men Origins: Wolverine", "paragraph_text": "While Logan and Victor join forces to fight off Weapon XI, Kayla is mortally wounded leading the captive mutants to Professor Charles Xavier and safety. After Logan kills Weapon XI, Stryker arrives and shoots Logan in the head with adamantium bullets, rendering Logan unconscious. Before Stryker can shoot Kayla, she grabs him and uses her mutant power to persuade him to turn around and walk away until his feet bleed. Logan regains consciousness but has lost his memory. He notices his dog tags read ``Logan ''on one side and`` Wolverine'' on the other. He pauses upon noticing Kayla's body, but does not recognize her and leaves the island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Whitman Junction, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Whitman Junction is an unincorporated community in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. Whitman Junction is located at the confluence of Copperas Mine Fork and Whitman Creek along County Route 18, west-southwest of Logan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "The Wolverine (film)", "paragraph_text": "In a mid-credits scene, Logan returns to the United States two years later and is approached at the airport by Erik Lehnsherr, who warns him of a grave new threat to the mutant race; and Charles Xavier, whom Logan previously thought was dead.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Wolverine (film)", "paragraph_text": "Mariko is brought before Shingen at Ichirō's estate where he attempts to kill her. The Blackfoot Ninjas led by Harada and accompanied by Dr. Green arrive and attack the compound. Dr. Green stabs Shingen in the neck with a poisoned pen and the Ninjas whisk Mariko away. Logan and Yukio arrive later and, using Ichirō's X-ray machine, discover a robotic parasite attached to Logan's heart, suppressing his healing ability. Logan cuts himself open and extracts the device. During the operation, Shingen, who survived Dr. Green's attack, attempts to kill Logan but Yukio holds Shingen off long enough for Logan to recover and kill Shingen. Logan follows Mariko's trail to the village of Ichirō's birth, where he is captured by Harada's ninjas. Logan is placed in a machine by Dr. Green, who reveals her plans to extract his healing factor and introduces him to the Silver Samurai, an electromechanical suit of Japanese armor with energized swords made of adamantium. Harada tries to convince Mariko that the events happening are for her well being but Mariko escapes from Harada by stabbing him in the leg. Harada sees the error of his ways and while attempting to stop the Silver Samurai he is killed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Transwestern Airlines", "paragraph_text": "Transwestern Airlines was a regional airline based in Logan, Utah, its hub was at the Logan-Cache Airport. Founded in 1976, it was later acquired by Horizon Air in 1983.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "It has been revealed that Southampton has the worst behaved secondary schools within the UK. With suspension rates three times the national average, the suspension rate is approximately 1 in every 14 children, the highest in the country for physical or verbal assaults against staff.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Bethania, Queensland", "paragraph_text": "Bethania is a suburb of Logan City, Queensland, Australia. It is situated on the main Beenleigh railway line and lies south of the Logan River. The lower lying areas near the river occasionally suffer floods.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Bicycle suspension", "paragraph_text": "Mountain bike suspension technology has made great advances since first appearing in the early 1990s. Early full suspension frames were heavy and tended to bounce up and down while a rider pedaled. This movement was called pedal bob, kickback, or monkey motion and took power out of a rider's pedal stroke -- especially during climbs up steep hills. Input from hard braking efforts also negatively affected early full suspension designs. When a rider hit the brakes, these early suspensions compressed into their travel and lost some of their ability to absorb bumps. This happened in situations where the rear suspension was needed most. When braking efforts cause the suspension to compress it is referred to as brake squat, when braking causes the suspension to extend it is called brake jack.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Eliza Logan", "paragraph_text": "Eliza Logan Wood (born Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1827; died New York City, New York, January 15, 1872) was an American stage actress and member of the Logan family of actors and writers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Stirrat, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Stirrat is an unincorporated community in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. Stirrat is located along Island Creek and West Virginia Route 44 south of Logan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Wolverine (film)", "paragraph_text": "In the present day, Logan lives as a hermit in Yukon, tormented by hallucinations of Jean Grey, whom he was forced to kill to save the world. He is located by Yukio, a mutant with the ability to foresee people's deaths, on behalf of Ichirō, now the CEO of a technology zaibatsu. Ichirō, who is dying of cancer, wants Logan to accompany Yukio to Japan so that he may repay his life debt. In Tokyo, Logan meets Ichirō's son, Shingen, and granddaughter, Mariko. There, Ichirō offers to transfer Logan's healing abilities into his own body, thus saving Ichirō's life and alleviating Logan of his near-immortality, which Logan views as a curse. Logan refuses and prepares to leave the following day. That night, Ichirō's physician Dr. Green introduces something into Logan's body, but Logan dismisses it as a dream.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159600, "question": "where does logan return to?", "answer": "United States", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 2179, "question": "What is the longest suspension bridge in #1 ?", "answer": "Verrazano-Narrows Bridge", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Shimla district", "paragraph_text": "Sl. No. Particulars Description Geographical Area 5,131 km Area (out of total area) of H.P. 9.22% Tehsils (12) Rampur, Kumarsain, seoni (shimla), Shimla (R), Shimla (U), Theog - panoli, Chaupal, Jubbal, Kotkhai, Rohru, Chirgaon, Dodra Kawar Sub-Tehsils (5) Nankhari Rampur, Junga Shimla (R), Cheta (Kupvi) Chaupal, Nerwa Chaupal, Tikar Rohru 5 Towns (10) Rampur, Narkanda, seoni (shimla), Kumarsain, Shimla, Theog, Chaupal, Kotkhai, Jubbal, Rohru 6 Sub-Divisions (7) Shimla (U), Shimla (R), Theog, Chaupal, Rohru, Rampur, Dodra Kawar 7 C.D. Blocks (10) Mashobra, Theog, Chaupal, Jubbal, Kotkhai, Rohru, Kumarsain, Chirgaon, Basantpur, Nankhari 8 Legislative Assembly (8) Rampur, Shimla (R), Shimla (U), Theog, Chaupal, Jubbal - Kotkhai, Rohru, Kasumpati 9 Villages 2,914 10 Inhabited 2,520 11 Uninhabited 394 12 Density 159 person per km 13 Panchayts 363", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Iran", "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the emancipation of slaves including the Jewish exiles in Babylon, building infrastructures such as road and postal systems, and the use of an official language, the Imperial Aramaic, throughout its territories. The empire had a centralized, bureaucratic administration under the emperor, a large professional army, and civil services, inspiring similar developments in later empires. Furthermore, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, was built in the empire between 353 and 350 BC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "History of Brazil", "paragraph_text": "The first European to colonize what is now the Federative Republic of Brazil on the continent of South America was Pedro Álvares Cabral (c. 1467 / 1468 - c. 1520) on April 22, 1500 under the sponsorship of the Kingdom of Portugal. From the 16th to the early 19th century, Brazil was a colony and a part of the Portuguese Empire. The country expanded south along the coast and west along the Amazon and other inland rivers from the original 15 donatary captaincy colonies established on the northeast Atlantic coast east of the Tordesillas Line of 1494 (approximately the 46th meridian west) that divided the Portuguese domain to the east from the Spanish domain to the west. The country's borders were only finalized in the early 20th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Parthian Empire", "paragraph_text": "The Parthians largely adopted the art, architecture, religious beliefs, and royal insignia of their culturally heterogeneous empire, which encompassed Persian, Hellenistic, and regional cultures. For about the first half of its existence, the Arsacid court adopted elements of Greek culture, though it eventually saw a gradual revival of Iranian traditions. The Arsacid rulers were titled the \"King of Kings\", as a claim to be the heirs to the Achaemenid Empire; indeed, they accepted many local kings as vassals where the Achaemenids would have had centrally appointed, albeit largely autonomous, satraps. The court did appoint a small number of satraps, largely outside Iran, but these satrapies were smaller and less powerful than the Achaemenid potentates. With the expansion of Arsacid power, the seat of central government shifted from Nisa to Ctesiphon along the Tigris (south of modern Baghdad, Iraq), although several other sites also served as capitals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Armenians", "paragraph_text": "The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became a kingdom. At its zenith (95–65 BC), the state extended from the Caucasus all the way to what is now central Turkey, Lebanon, and northern Iran. The imperial reign of Tigranes the Great is thus the span of time during which Armenia itself conquered areas populated by other peoples.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "During the late 6th century BC, the first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring populations was established under the Orontid Dynasty within the Achaemenid Empire, as part of the latters' territories. The kingdom became fully sovereign from the sphere of influence of the Seleucid Empire in 190 BC under King Artaxias I and begun the rule of the Artaxiad dynasty. Armenia reached its height between 95 and 66 BC under Tigranes the Great, becoming the most powerful kingdom of its time east of the Roman Republic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Iran", "paragraph_text": "In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the main power in Iran, and the century-long geopolitical arch-rivalry between Romans and Parthians began, culminating in the Roman–Parthian Wars. The Parthian Empire continued as a feudal monarchy for nearly five centuries, until 224 CE, when it was succeeded by the Sassanid Empire. Together with their neighboring arch-rival, the Roman-Byzantines, they made up the world's two most dominant powers at the time, for over four centuries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Iran", "paragraph_text": "In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quickly spread to other provinces, as they allied with the Persians. Later conquests under Cyrus and his successors expanded the empire to include Lydia, Babylon, Egypt, parts of the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper, as well as the lands to the west of the Indus and Oxus rivers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Iran", "paragraph_text": "Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran reached the pinnacle of its power during the Achaemenid Empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC, which at its greatest extent comprised major portions of the ancient world, stretching from parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia, Bulgaria-Paeonia) and Eastern Europe proper in the west, to the Indus Valley in the east, making it the largest empire the world had yet seen. The empire collapsed in 330 BC following the conquests of Alexander the Great. The Parthian Empire emerged from the ashes and was succeeded by the Sassanid Dynasty in 224 AD, under which Iran again became one of the leading powers in the world, along with the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than four centuries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "History of Iran", "paragraph_text": "The Persian Empire (Persian: شاهنشاهی ایران ‎, translit. Šâhanšâhiye Irân, lit. 'Imperial Iran') refers to any of a series of imperial dynasties that were centred in Persia / Iran from the 6th - century - BC Achaemenid Empire era to the 20th century AD in the Qajar dynasty era.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the South of France, until its collapse in 750. That year the west of the empire gained its independence under Abd-ar-Rahman I with the establishment of the Emirate of Córdoba. After almost two centuries, the Emirate became the Caliphate of Córdoba in 929, until its dissolution a century later in 1031 into no less than 23 small kingdoms, called Taifa kingdoms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire", "paragraph_text": "The 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire (), officially known as the 2,500th year of Foundation of Imperial State of Iran (), consisted of an elaborate set of festivities that took place on 12–16 October 1971 to celebrate the anniversary of the founding of the Imperial State of Iran and the Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great. The intent of the celebration was to demonstrate Iran's ancient civilization and history and to showcase its contemporary advances under His Imperial Majesty Mohammad Reza Shah, the last Shah of Iran.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In the next centuries, Armenia was in the Persian Empire's sphere of influence during the reign of Tiridates I, the founder of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, which itself was a branch of the eponymous Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. Throughout its history, the kingdom of Armenia enjoyed both periods of independence and periods of autonomy subject to contemporary empires. Its strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many peoples, including the Assyrians (under Ashurbanipal, at around 669–627 BC, the boundaries of the Assyrian Empire reached as far as Armenia & the Caucasus Mountains), Medes, Achaemenid Persians, Greeks, Parthians, Romans, Sassanid Persians, Byzantines, Arabs, Seljuks, Mongols, Ottomans, successive Iranian Safavids, Afsharids, and Qajars, and the Russians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Bismarck monument", "paragraph_text": "From 1868 onwards, Bismarck monuments were erected in many parts of the German Empire in honour of the long-serving Prussian minister-president and first German \"Reichskanzler\", Prince Otto von Bismarck. Today some of these monuments are on the soil of other countries including France, Poland and Russia as well as the former German colonies on other continents.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Antarctic Plate", "paragraph_text": "The Antarctic Plate is a tectonic plate containing the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau and extending outward under the surrounding oceans. After breakup from Gondwana (the southern part of the supercontinent Pangea), the Antarctic plate began moving the continent of Antarctica south to its present isolated location causing the continent to develop a much colder climate. The Antarctic Plate is bounded almost entirely by extensional mid-ocean ridge systems. The adjoining plates are the Nazca Plate, the South American Plate, the African Plate, the Somali Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and, across a transform boundary, the Scotia Plate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "History of India", "paragraph_text": "In 530 BC Cyrus the Great, King of the Persian Achaemenid Empire crossed the Hindu-Kush mountains to seek tribute from the tribes of Kamboja, Gandhara and the trans-India region (modern Afghanistan and Pakistan). By 520 BC, during the reign of Darius I of Persia, much of the northwestern subcontinent (present-day eastern Afghanistan and Pakistan) came under the rule of the Persian Achaemenid Empire, as part of the far easternmost territories. The area remained under Persian control for two centuries. During this time India supplied mercenaries to the Persian army then fighting in Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Iran", "paragraph_text": "Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Persians were present in the region since the 9th century BC, and became rulers of a large empire under the reign of the Achaemenid Dynasty in the 6th century BC. The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located around the modern-day city of Shiraz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Tajikistan", "paragraph_text": "The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire. After the region's conquest by Alexander the Great it became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state of Alexander's empire. Northern Tajikistan (the cities of Khujand and Panjakent) was part of Sogdia, a collection of city-states which was overrun by Scythians and Yuezhi nomadic tribes around 150 BCE. The Silk Road passed through the region and following the expedition of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian during the reign of Wudi (141–87 BCE) commercial relations between Han China and Sogdiana flourished. Sogdians played a major role in facilitating trade and also worked in other capacities, as farmers, carpetweavers, glassmakers, and woodcarvers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "Philip II was a strong and expansionist king and he took every opportunity to expand Macedonian territory. In 352 BC he annexed Thessaly and Magnesia. In 338 BC, Philip defeated a combined Theban and Athenian army at the Battle of Chaeronea after a decade of desultory conflict. In the aftermath, Philip formed the League of Corinth, effectively bringing the majority of Greece under his direct sway. He was elected Hegemon of the league, and a campaign against the Achaemenid Empire of Persia was planned. However, while this campaign was in its early stages, he was assassinated.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Jews", "paragraph_text": "Israelites enjoyed political independence twice in ancient history, first during the periods of the Biblical judges followed by the United Monarchy.[disputed – discuss] After the fall of the United Monarchy the land was divided into Israel and Judah. The term Jew originated from the Roman \"Judean\" and denoted someone from the southern kingdom of Judah. The shift of ethnonym from \"Israelites\" to \"Jews\" (inhabitant of Judah), although not contained in the Torah, is made explicit in the Book of Esther (4th century BCE), a book in the Ketuvim, the third section of the Jewish Tanakh. In 587 BC Nebuchadnezzar II, King of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, besieged Jerusalem, destroyed the First Temple, and deported the most prominent citizens of Judah. In 586 BC, Judah itself ceased to be an independent kingdom, and its remaining Jews were left stateless. The Babylonian exile ended in 539 BCE when the Achaemenid Empire conquered Babylon and Cyrus the Great allowed the exiled Jews to return to Yehud and rebuild their Temple. The Second Temple was completed in 515 BCE. Yehud province was a peaceful part of the Achaemenid Empire until the fall of the Empire in c. 333 BCE to Alexander the Great. Jews were also politically independent during the Hasmonean dynasty spanning from 140 to 37 BCE and to some degree under the Herodian dynasty from 37 BCE to 6 CE. Since the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, most Jews have lived in diaspora. As an ethnic minority in every country in which they live (except Israel), they have frequently experienced persecution throughout history, resulting in a population that has fluctuated both in numbers and distribution over the centuries.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 100616, "question": "What continent contains Shimla?", "answer": "Asia", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 35202, "question": "The Achaemenid Empire expanded into what part of #1 ?", "answer": "Central Asia", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Dutch language", "paragraph_text": "Outside of the Netherlands and Belgium, the dialect around the German town of Kleve (South Guelderish) both historically and genetically belongs to the Dutch language. In Northeastern France, the area around Calais was historically Dutch-speaking (West Flemish) of which an estimated 20,000 daily speakers. The cities of Dunkirk, Gravelines and Bourbourg only became predominantly French-speaking by the end of the 19th century. In the countryside, until World War I, many elementary schools continued to teach in Dutch, and the Catholic Church continued to preach and teach the catechism in Flemish in many parishes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Area code 404", "paragraph_text": "Area code 404 of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) identifies a numbering plan area (NPA) that covers Atlanta, Georgia and its closest suburbs, roughly the area encircled by Interstate 285. It is an enclave area code, completely surrounded by area code 770, which serves most of Atlanta's suburbs. Both 404 and 770 are overlaid by area codes 678 and 470.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "About 5% of the Nicaraguan population are indigenous. The largest indigenous group in Nicaragua is the Miskito people. Their territory extended from Cape Camarón, Honduras, to Rio Grande, Nicaragua along the Mosquito Coast. There is a native Miskito language, but large groups speak Miskito Coast Creole, Spanish, Rama and other languages. The Creole English came about through frequent contact with the British who colonized the area. Many are Christians. Traditional Miskito society was highly structured with a defined political structure. There was a king, but he did not have total power. Instead, the power was split between himself, a governor, a general, and by the 1750s, an admiral. Historical information on kings is often obscured by the fact that many of the kings were semi-mythical. Another major group is the Mayangna (or Sumu) people, counting some 10,000 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "École des Pionniers (British Columbia)", "paragraph_text": "École des Pionniers de Maillardville is a French first language school located in Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada. It serves the French speaking population of the Metro Vancouver area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction", "paragraph_text": "Wyoming's highest speed limit is 80 mph, found on its Interstate highways, and 70 mph on its four lane divided highways. The speed limit for school zones is 20 mph, 30 mph in urban districts and residential areas, 70 mph for other paved roads, and 55 mph for unpaved roads. On I - 80 in Evanston and Cheyenne, I - 25 in Cheyenne and Casper, and I - 90 in Buffalo, the speed limit is 65 mph.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Mandikal", "paragraph_text": "Mandikal is a village located in present Kolar district in Karnataka, India. It is a small village of a population more than 1000. The main occupation is agriculture and sericulture. Kannada and Telugu are the two main languages people speak here.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "NGC 406", "paragraph_text": "NGC 406 is a spiral galaxy quite similar to the well known Whirlpool Galaxy, located some 65 million light-years away, in the southern constellation of Tucana (the Toucan) and discovered in 1834 by John Herschel. It is described in the New General Catalogue as \"faint, very large, round, very gradually a little brighter middle\". NGC 406 is about light-years across, roughly half the diameter of the Milky Way.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Alcolea del Pinar", "paragraph_text": "Alcolea del Pinar is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 406 inhabitants.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Barker, Niagara County, New York", "paragraph_text": "Barker is a village in Niagara County, New York, USA. The population was 533 at the 2010 census. The mail ZIP code is 14012. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Kessler Plaza, Dallas", "paragraph_text": "Kessler Plaza is a neighborhood located in the northern Oak Cliff area of Dallas, Texas (USA). It is the southernmost of the \"Kessler\" neighborhoods.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Area code 202", "paragraph_text": "Area code 202 is the North American telephone area code for Washington, D.C.. The area code was one of the original area codes established in October 1947 by AT&T in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Blackwater Township, Cooper County, Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Blackwater Township is one of fourteen townships in Cooper County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 406.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Dryfork, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Dryfork is an unincorporated community in Randolph County and Tucker County, West Virginia, USA. It is located along West Virginia Route 32 north-northeast of Harman. Dryfork has a post office with ZIP code 26263.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Golaghat massacre", "paragraph_text": "Golaghat massacre () was a massacre of the emigrating Marwaris and Hindus of Saidpur on the 13 June 1971, by the Urdu-speaking people of the area who had collaborated with the Pakistani occupation army.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Speak in Code", "paragraph_text": "Speak in Code is the fourth album by the American alternative rock and pop punk band Eve 6, released through Fearless Records on April 24, 2012. \"Speak in Code\" was the band's first album in nine years since the release of \"It's All in Your Head\" in 2003 and is also the first album by the band that was released through Fearless Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ashton, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Ashton is an unincorporated community in Mason County, West Virginia, USA. Ashton is located on the Ohio River and West Virginia Route 2, south of Point Pleasant. Ashton has a post office with ZIP code 25503.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Renovaré", "paragraph_text": "Renovaré was founded by Quaker theologian Richard J. Foster in 1988. After authoring \"Celebration of Discipline\" () in 1978, Foster was invited to a number of churches and conferences to speak on Christian spiritual formation and spiritual disciplines. He was encouraged by people's interest in the subject, but concerned at an apparent lack of substantive teaching in the area (particularly in Evangelical churches in the USA). In the Fall of 1986 he withdrew from public ministry to explore how a more systematic and intentional renewal movement might be formed. This led to the foundation of Renovaré in November 1988.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Haishu District", "paragraph_text": "Since the district has a drum tower (gulou) that was constructed during the Tang Dynasty, it is alternatively called \"Haishu Lou\". The district's total area is 29 square kilometers, and its population is 280,000 people. The district's postal code is 315000. The district people's government is located at 229 Lingqiao Road.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Yecla de Yeltes", "paragraph_text": "Yecla de Yeltes is a large municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 76 kilometres from the city of Salamanca and as of 2003 has a population 339 people. The municipality covers an area of 57 km². It lies 723 metres above sea level and the post code is 37219.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Zhejiang", "paragraph_text": "Throughout history there have been a series of lingua francas in the area to allow for better communication. The dialects spoken in Hangzhou, Shaoxing, and Ningbo have taken on this role historically. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Mandarin, which is not mutually intelligible with any of the local dialects, has been promoted as the standard language of communication throughout China. As a result, most of the population now can, to some degree, speak and comprehend Mandarin and can code-switch when necessary. A majority of the population educated since 1978 can speak Mandarin. Urban residents tend to be more fluent in Mandarin than rural people. Nevertheless, a Zhejiang accent is detectable in almost everyone from the area communicating in Mandarin, and the home dialect remains an important part of the everyday lives and cultural identities of most Zhejiang residents.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 84597, "question": "where is area code 406 located in usa", "answer": "Montana", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 39600, "question": "ABout how many people in the state of #1 speak Cheyenne?", "answer": "about 1,700", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "United Nations Trusteeship Council", "paragraph_text": "United Nations Trusteeship Council The chamber of the UN Trusteeship Council, United Nations headquarters / UN headquarters, New York Formation 1945 Type Principal Organ Legal status Inactive (As of 1994) Head President Alexis Lamek France Vice-President Peter Wilson United Kingdom Website www.un.org/en/mainbodies/trusteeship", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Apart from the United Nations headquarters, the Swiss Confederation is host to many UN agencies, like the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and about 200 other international organisations, including the World Trade Organization and the World Intellectual Property Organization. The annual meetings of the World Economic Forum in Davos bring together top international business and political leaders from Switzerland and foreign countries to discuss important issues facing the world, including health and the environment. Additionally the headquarters of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) are located in Basel since 1930.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Protestantism in Tuvalu", "paragraph_text": "Protestants in Tuvalu- Tuvalu is one of the most heavily Protestant nations in the world. The Congregational Christian Church of Tuvalu, (Tuvaluan: Te Ekalesia Kelisiano Tuvalu, EKT), is the de facto state church of Tuvalu, the only established church in the Reformed tradition in the world. Its adherents comprise about 97% of the 12,000 inhabitants of the archipelago, and theologicly it is part of the Reformed tradition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Tuvalu", "paragraph_text": "Tuvalu participates in the work of Secretariat of the Pacific Community, or SPC (sometimes Pacific Community) and is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations. Tuvalu has maintained a mission at the United Nations in New York City since 2000. Tuvalu is a member of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. On 18 February 2016 Tuvalu signed the Pacific Islands Development Forum Charter and formally joined the Pacific Islands Development Forum (PIDF).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Clarke Center", "paragraph_text": "The Clarke Center is an organization at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA, which organizes campus lectures, symposia, and events. A gift from trustee Henry D. Clarke, Jr. helped establish the Center in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Boy Scouts of America", "paragraph_text": "The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) is one of the largest Scouting organizations in the United States of America and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with more than 2.4 million youth participants and nearly one million adult volunteers. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, more than 110 million Americans have been participants in BSA programs at some time. The BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Wildlife Alliance", "paragraph_text": "Wildlife Alliance was founded in 1994 by a group of American and British conservationists under the name \"Global Survival Network\", and reorganized in 1999 as WildAid. The organization restructured itself again in 2006, dividing the organization's programs between two organizations - a new separate WildAid conducting the Active Conservation Awareness Program, Shark Conservation, and Galapagos Islands programs and Wildlife Alliance conducting field operations in Southeast Asia and Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sandarbh", "paragraph_text": "Sandarbh is a bimonthly magazine on science and education in Hindi published since September, 1994 in Bhopal, India. It is published by Eklavya foundation, a non-profit, non-governmental organization that focuses on children's education. \"Sandarbh\" primarily serves as a resource on a variety of topics for teachers and students in primary, middle, and high schools.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Supporting organization (charity)", "paragraph_text": "A supporting organization, in the United States, is a public charity that operates under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code in 26 USCA 509(a)(3). A supporting organization either makes grants to, or performs the operations of, a public charity similar to a private foundation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China", "paragraph_text": "It was founded in May 1924, and was suspended during the Cultural Revolution, until it was restored in October 1977. It is an important organ in China's propaganda system, and its inner operations are highly secretive.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Drug cartel", "paragraph_text": "A drug cartel is any criminal organization with the intention of supplying drug trafficking operations. They range from loosely managed agreements among various drug traffickers to formalized commercial enterprises. The term was applied when the largest trafficking organizations reached an agreement to coordinate the production and distribution of cocaine. Since that agreement was broken up, drug cartels are no longer actually cartels, but the term stuck and it is now popularly used to refer to any criminal narcotics related organization.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Jean Mohr", "paragraph_text": "Jean Mohr (13 September 1925 in Geneva, Switzerland – 3 November 2018) was a Swiss documentary photographer who had been active since 1949, primarily with some of the major humanitarian organizations of the world, including the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), the World Health Organization, and the International Labour Organization.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Bremen Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Bremen Cathedral (), dedicated to St. Peter, is a church situated in the market square in the center of Bremen, in northern Germany. The cathedral belongs to the Bremian Evangelical Church, a member of the Protestant umbrella organization named Evangelical Church in Germany. It is the previous cathedral of the former Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. Since 1973, it is protected by the monument protection act.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "United Nations", "paragraph_text": "The UN has six principal organs: the General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly); the Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security); the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC; for promoting international economic and social co-operation and development); the Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN); the International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ); and the UN Trusteeship Council (inactive since 1994). UN System agencies include the World Bank Group, the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, UNESCO, and UNICEF. The UN's most prominent officer is the Secretary - General, an office held by Portuguese António Guterres since 2017. Non-governmental organizations may be granted consultative status with ECOSOC and other agencies to participate in the UN's work.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Tuvalu", "paragraph_text": "The Tuvalu Media Department of the Government of Tuvalu operates Radio Tuvalu which broadcasts from Funafuti. In 2011 the Japanese government provided financial support to construct a new AM broadcast studio. The installation of upgraded transmission equipment allows Radio Tuvalu to be heard on all nine islands of Tuvalu. The new AM radio transmitter on Funafuti replaced the FM radio service to the outer islands and freed up satellite bandwidth for mobile services. Fenui – news from Tuvalu is a free digital publication of the Tuvalu Media Department that is emailed to subscribers and operates a Facebook page, which publishes news about government activities and news about Tuvaluan events, such as a special edition covering the results of the 2015 general election.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "United Nations", "paragraph_text": "The UN has six principal organs: the General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly); the Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security); the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC; for promoting international economic and social co-operation and development); the Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN); the International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ); and the UN Trusteeship Council (inactive since 1994). UN System agencies include the World Bank Group, the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, UNESCO, and UNICEF. The UN's most prominent officer is the Secretary - General, an office held by Portuguese politician and diplomat António Guterres since 2017. Non-governmental organizations may be granted consultative status with ECOSOC and other agencies to participate in the UN's work.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Miss USA", "paragraph_text": "The Miss USA is an American beauty pageant that has been held annually since 1952 to select the American entrant in the Miss Universe pageant. The Miss Universe Organization operates both pageants, as well as Miss Teen USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Tuvalu Media Corporation", "paragraph_text": "Tuvalu Media Corporation (TMC) was a government-owned corporation established in 1999 to take over the radio and print based publications of the Broadcasting and Information Office (BIO) of the small Pacific Island nation of Tuvalu. However, in 2008 operating as a corporation was determined not to be commercial viable and the Tuvalu Media Corporation then became the Tuvalu Media Department (TMD) under the Office of the Prime Minister.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Russian language", "paragraph_text": "Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunication Union, World Meteorological Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Criminal Court, International Monetary Fund, International Olympic Committee, Universal Postal Union, World Bank, Commonwealth of Independent States, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Eurasian Economic Community, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, International Organization for Standardization, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, International Mathematical Olympiad. The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station - NASA astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. This practice goes back to the Apollo-Soyuz mission, which first flew in 1975.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Major League Baseball", "paragraph_text": "Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams play in the National League (NL) and American League (AL), with 15 teams in each league. The NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs. With the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 36132, "question": "To what world organization does Tuvalu belong?", "answer": "United Nations", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 63634, "question": "which organ of #1 has suspended its operations since 1994", "answer": "United Nations Trusteeship Council", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Francis Gago", "paragraph_text": "Francis del Valle Gago Aponte (born 1973 in Maturín, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss World Venezuela 1992 and also won Reina Sudamericana 1992 and placed second runner-up to Miss World 1992 as Miss World Americas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Manushi Chhillar", "paragraph_text": "Manushi Chhillar (1997 - 05 - 14) 14 May 1997 (age 20) Rohtak, Haryana, India Education St. Thomas' School Alma mater Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College Occupation Model beauty pageant titleholder Height 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Title Femina Miss Haryana 2017 Femina Miss India 2017 Miss World 2017 Beauty pageant titleholder Hair color Black Eye color Brown Major competition (s) Femina Miss Haryana 2017 (Winner) Femina Miss India 2017 (Winner) Miss World 2017 (Winner)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Sonu Walia", "paragraph_text": "Sonu Walia (born 19 February 1964) is a Bollywood actress, winner of Miss India pageant and model. In 1989, she earned a Filmfare Best Supporting Actress award for her performance in film \"Khoon Bhari Maang\" (1988). A psychology graduate and a student of journalism, Walia took up modelling before she entered the Miss India contest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Femina Miss India", "paragraph_text": "Reita Faria was the first Miss India ever to win any international beauty pageant. She was crowned Miss World 1966 in London, United Kingdom. She was the winner of Eve's Weekly Miss India contest. The same year Femina Miss India winner Yasmin Daji represented India at Miss Universe 1966 and was crowned 3rd Runner Up at the event. She was the first ever Femina Miss India Winner to get placed at any international beauty pageant.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Yolande Fox", "paragraph_text": "Yolande Margaret Betbeze Fox (November 29, 1928 – February 22, 2016) was an American singer and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss America 1951.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Miss Venezuela 1963", "paragraph_text": "Miss Venezuela 1963 was the 10th edition of Miss Venezuela pageant held at Teatro Paris (now called Teatro La Campiña) in Caracas, Venezuela, on May 30, 1963. The winner of the pageant was Irene Morales, Miss Guárico.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Miss America", "paragraph_text": "In 1948, Irma Nydia Vasquez, the first Miss Puerto Rico, became the first Latina contestant. In addition, in 1948, Yun Tau Chee, the first Miss Hawaii, was also the first Asian - American contestant. Miss America 1949, Jacque Mercer, was married and divorced during her reign; after this, a rule was enacted requiring Miss America contestants to sign a certification that they have never been married or pregnant. Starting in 1950, although the pageant continued to be in September, the Miss America title changed to ``post-dated '', thus that year's pageant winner became Miss America 1951, and there was no Miss America 1950. The pageant was first televised nationally in 1954, hosted by Bob Russell. Future television star Lee Meriwether was crowned Miss America 1955. It would also be the last time Russell served as host. He recommended, and was replaced by, Bert Parks, who served as the host for the second televised pageant in 1955 and stayed as host until 1979. Television viewership peaked during the early 1960s, when it was the highest - rated program on American television.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Claudia Ferraris", "paragraph_text": "Claudia Ferraris (born 5 October 1988 in Bergamo, Lombardia, Italy) is the winner of the Miss Universo Italia 2008 pageant that was held at the Palazzo dei Congressi in Riccione, Emilia-Romagna on 31 May 2008. She represented Italy at the Miss Universe 2008 pageant in Nha Trang, Vietnam on 14 July. She placed in the top 10, ranking 9th at the end of the competition. In 2006, she had entered the Miss Italia pageant as Miss Lombardia and had placed among the top 10 there as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Manushi Chhillar", "paragraph_text": "Manushi Chhillar (born 14 May 1997) is an Indian model and the winner of the Miss World 2017 pageant. She represented the state of Haryana at the Femina Miss India 2017 pageant, which she won. Chhillar is the sixth Indian woman to win the Miss World pageant.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mimi Areme", "paragraph_text": "Mimi Areme was born on September 28, 1988 in the Volta Region of Ghana. She was crowned the winner of the Miss Ghana 2009 beauty pageant. Areme later competed in the Miss World 2010 pageant in the southern Chinese city of Sanya on October 30, where Miss USA, Alexandria Mills, was crowned the overall winner.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Vera Krasova", "paragraph_text": "Vera Krasova (Russian: Вера Красова, born December 11, 1987 in Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Russian model and beauty queen. She competed in the 2007 Miss Russia pageant on December 14 where she represented the capital of Russia, Moscow. Vera made it to the top-3 contestants and placed as the 2nd runner-up to the eventual winner Ksenia Sukhinova. Although she wasn't the winner of the national pageant, Miss Russia organization decided to send her to Miss Universe 2008 pageant held in Nha Trang, Vietnam. She made it to the top 5 finals. This was the first time Russia finished in the Top 5 of Miss Universe since Oxana Fedorova in 2002.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Maricely González", "paragraph_text": "Maricely del Carmen González Pomares (born 28 February 1988 in Panama City, Panama) is a Panamanian model and beauty pageant contestant. She was the winner of the Miss Panama World 2012 title on 30 March 2012 for the Miss World 2012 contest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Climate of North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Snow in North Carolina is seen on a regular basis in the mountains. North Carolina averages 5 inches (130 mm) of snow a year. However, this also varies greatly across the state. Along the coast, most areas register less than 2 inches (51 mm) per year while the state capital, Raleigh averages 7.5 inches (190 mm). Farther west in the Piedmont - Triad, the average grows to approximately 9 inches (230 mm). The Charlotte area averages approximately 6.5 inches (170 mm). The mountains in the west act as a barrier, preventing most snowstorms from entering the Piedmont. When snow does make it past the mountains, it is usually light and is seldom on the ground for more than two or three days. However, several storms have dropped 18 inches (460 mm) or more of snow within normally warm areas. The 1993 Storm of the Century that lasted from March 11 to March 15 affected locales from Canada to Central America, and brought a significant amount of snow to North Carolina. Newfound Gap received more than 36 inches (0.91 m) of snow with drifts more than 5 feet (1.5 m), while Mount Mitchell measured over 4 feet (1.2 m) of snow with drifts to 14 feet (4.3 m). Most of the northwestern part of the state received somewhere between 2 feet (0.61 m) an 3 feet (0.91 m) of snow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Snow in Florida", "paragraph_text": "January 22 -- 23, 2016: Snow flurries are reported along the Florida panhandle, as far east as the Jacksonville area, and as far south as the Gainesville area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Miss Universe 1963", "paragraph_text": "Miss Universe 1963, the 12th Miss Universe pageant, was held on 20 July 1963 at the Miami Beach Auditorium in Miami Beach, Florida, United States. Iêda Maria Vargas of Brazil was crowned the winner by outgoing titleholder Norma Nolan of Argentina. This marks the first time that a Miss Universe titleholder marks the same placement as the 1962 World Cup champion. Fifty countries and territories participated.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Food Network Star (season 12)", "paragraph_text": "Food Network Star (season 12) Country of origin United States No. of episodes 11 Release Original network Food Network Original release May 22 (2016 - 05 - 22) -- July 31, 2016 (2016 - 07 - 31) Additional information No. of contestants 13 Winner Tregaye Fraser Season chronology ← Previous Season 11 Next → Season 13", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Percy Snow", "paragraph_text": "Percy Lee Snow (born November 5, 1967) is a retired American football linebacker who played at Michigan State University and was a first-round draft pick of the Kansas City Chiefs. Snow made the College Football All-America Team at Michigan State and was voted the player of the game in the 1988 Rose Bowl. He is one of only four players in college football history to win both the Butkus Award and Lombardi Award. On May 7, 2013, Percy Snow was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame Class Of 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Renate Cerljen", "paragraph_text": "Renate Veronica Cerljen (born March 26, 1988 in Staffanstorp, Sweden) is the first ever winner of the Miss Universe Sweden pageant which she won on June 6, 2009. Cerljen represented Sweden at the Miss Universe 2009 pageant on the Bahamas on August 23, 2009 and placed in the Top 15. Renate was the first non-winner of the Miss Sweden pageant since 1952 to represent Sweden at Miss Universe since Miss Sweden lost its rights to crown a contestant for Miss Universe earlier in 2009. Cerljen was also the first delegate from Sweden at the international final since 2006 when Josephine Alhanko placed in the Top 20. Miss Universe 1984 winner Yvonne Ryding was among the judges in the final which crowned Cerljen as winner. By making the Top 15 Cerljen became Sweden's 29th semifinalist at the Miss Universe pageant overall. In May 2010 Cerljen placed fifth in the Miss Beauty of the World pageant in China. Cerljen was a judge at the Miss Sinergy competition for breast cancer in 2009 as well as 2010 which is an annual pageant made by the Sinergy group, held at the House of Sweden in Washington DC, United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Miss North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "The Miss North Carolina competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of North Carolina in the Miss America pageant. The competition has been held in Raleigh every year since 1978. Prior to that, it was held in various locales including Charlotte, Greensboro, Winston - Salem, Durham, Burlington, Wilmington, and Morehead City. Miss North Carolina won the Miss America crown once in 1962.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "January 2016 United States blizzard", "paragraph_text": "The January 2016 United States blizzard was a crippling and historic blizzard that produced up to 3 ft (91 cm) of snow in parts of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast United States from January 22 to January 24, 2016. Evolving from a shortwave trough that formed in the Pacific Northwest on January 19, the system consolidated into a defined low - pressure area on January 21 over Texas. Regarding it as a ``potentially historic blizzard '', meteorologists indicated the storm could produce more than 2 ft (61 cm) of snow across a wide swath of the Mid-Atlantic region and could`` paralyze the eastern third of the nation''. Winter weather expert Paul Kocin described the blizzard as ``kind of a top - 10 snowstorm ''.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 46169, "question": "which state has the most miss america winners", "answer": "New York", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 51040, "question": "when did it snow in #1 2016", "answer": "January 22 to January 24, 2016", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ivy Mike", "paragraph_text": "Ivy Mike was the codename given to the first test of a full - scale thermonuclear device, in which part of the explosive yield comes from nuclear fusion. It was detonated on November 1, 1952 by the United States on the island of Elugelab in Enewetak Atoll, in the Pacific Ocean, as part of Operation Ivy. It was the first full test of the Teller -- Ulam design, a staged fusion device.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Pokhran-II", "paragraph_text": "Pokhran - II was the series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second Indian nuclear test; the first test, code - named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction", "paragraph_text": "At the Multan meeting, Bhutto also appointed Munir Ahmad Khan as chairman of PAEC, who, until then, had been working as director at the nuclear power and Reactor Division of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in Vienna, Austria. In December 1972, Abdus Salam led the establishment of Theoretical Physics Group (TPG) as he called scientists working at ICTP to report to Munir Ahmad Khan. This marked the beginning of Pakistan's pursuit of nuclear deterrence capability. Following India's surprise nuclear test, codenamed Smiling Buddha in 1974, the first confirmed nuclear test by a nation outside the permanent five members of the United Nations Security Council, the goal to develop nuclear weapons received considerable impetus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Pakistan–United States relations", "paragraph_text": "India's decision to conduct nuclear tests in May 1998 and Pakistan's response set back US relations in the region, which had seen renewed US interest during the second Clinton Administration. A presidential visit scheduled for the first quarter of 1998 was postponed and, under the Glenn Amendment, sanctions restricted the provision of credits, military sales, economic assistance, and loans to the government.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Soviet atomic bomb project", "paragraph_text": "On 29 August 1949, the Soviet Union secretly conducted its first successful weapon test (First Lightning), based on the U.S. design at the Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Project 56 (nuclear test)", "paragraph_text": "Operation Project 56 was a series of 4 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1955-1956 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the \"Operation Wigwam\" series and preceded the \"Operation Redwing\" series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Operation Sunbeam", "paragraph_text": "Operation Sunbeam was a series of four nuclear tests conducted at the United States of America's Nevada Test Site in 1962. \"Operation Sunbeam\" tested small, \"tactical\" nuclear warheads; the most notable was the \"Davy Crockett\". \"Operation Sunbeam\" was also known as \"Operation Dominic II\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Trinity (nuclear test)", "paragraph_text": "Trinity was the code name of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon. It was conducted by the United States Army at 5: 29 a.m. on July 16, 1945, as part of the Manhattan Project. The test was conducted in the Jornada del Muerto desert about 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Socorro, New Mexico, on what was then the USAAF Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range (now part of White Sands Missile Range). The only structures originally in the vicinity were the McDonald Ranch House and its ancillary buildings, which scientists used as a laboratory for testing bomb components. A base camp was constructed, and there were 425 people present on the weekend of the test.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Nevada Test Site", "paragraph_text": "The Nevada National Security Site (N2S2), (though the abbreviation NNSS is still used), previously the Nevada Test Site (NTS), is a United States Department of Energy reservation located in southeastern Nye County, Nevada, about 65 miles (105 km) northwest of the city of Las Vegas. Formerly known as the Nevada Proving Grounds, the site was established on 11 January 1951 for the testing of nuclear devices, covering approximately 1,360 square miles (3,500 km) of desert and mountainous terrain. Nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site began with a 1 - kiloton - of - TNT (4.2 TJ) bomb dropped on Frenchman Flat on 27 January 1951. Many of the iconic images of the nuclear era come from the NTS. NNSS is operated by National Security Technologies, LLC, a joint venture of Northrop Grumman, AECOM, CH2M Hill, and Babcock & Wilcox.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Pokhran-II", "paragraph_text": "After Indira Gandhi became Prime Minister in 1966, the nuclear program was consolidated when physicist Raja Ramanna joined the efforts. Another nuclear test by China eventually led to India's decision toward building nuclear weapons in 1967 and conducted its first nuclear test, Smiling Buddha, in 1974.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Berlyn Brixner", "paragraph_text": "Berlyn B. Brixner (May 21, 1911 – August 1, 2009) was an American photographer. He was the head photographer for the Trinity test, the first detonation of a nuclear weapon in July 1945. Brixner was positioned away from the explosion and had 50 cameras of varying speeds running from different locations to capture the shot in full motion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Pacific Proving Grounds", "paragraph_text": "The Pacific Proving Grounds was the name given by the United States government to a number of sites in the Marshall Islands and a few other sites in the Pacific Ocean at which it conducted nuclear testing between 1946 and 1962. The U.S. tested a nuclear weapon (codenamed Able) on Bikini Atoll on 30 June 1946. This was followed by Baker on July 24, 1946.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Operation Anvil (nuclear test)", "paragraph_text": "Operation Anvil was a series of 21 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1975-1976 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the \"Operation Bedrock\" series and preceded the \"Operation Fulcrum\" series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Pokhran-II", "paragraph_text": "The Pokhran - II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code - named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "paragraph_text": "In late 1952 Eisenhower went to Korea and discovered a military and political stalemate. Once in office, when the Chinese began a buildup in the Kaesong sanctuary, he threatened to use nuclear force if an armistice was not concluded. His earlier military reputation in Europe was effective with the Chinese. The National Security Council, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Strategic Air Command (SAC) devised detailed plans for nuclear war against China. With the death of Stalin in early March 1953, Russian support for a Chinese hard-line weakened and China decided to compromise on the prisoner issue.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository", "paragraph_text": "The Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository, as designated by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act amendments of 1987, is to be a deep geological repository storage facility within Yucca Mountain for spent nuclear fuel and other high level radioactive waste in the United States. The site is located on federal land adjacent to the Nevada Test Site in Nye County, Nevada, about 80 mi (130 km) northwest of the Las Vegas Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Marshall Islands", "paragraph_text": "During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. \"The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II.\" With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named \"Ivy Mike,\" the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as \"by far the most contaminated place in the world.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "India and weapons of mass destruction", "paragraph_text": "India Nuclear programme start date 1967 First nuclear weapon test 18 May 1974 First fusion weapon test 11 May 1998 Most recent test 13 May 1998 Largest - yield test 20 - 60 kt total Number of tests to date 6 Peak stockpile 110 - 120 Current stockpile 110 - 120 Maximum missile range 5,000 - 5,800 km (Agni - V) NPT Party No Smiling Buddha Declared (Pokhran - II) Disputed (Pokhran - II) 2016 estimate Agni V", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Smiling Buddha", "paragraph_text": "Smiling Buddha (MEA designation: Pokhran - I) was the assigned code name of India's first successful nuclear bomb test on 18 May 1974. The bomb was detonated on the army base, Pokhran Test Range (PTR), in Rajasthan by the Indian Army under the supervision of several key Indian generals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Korean War", "paragraph_text": "The Demilitarized Zone runs northeast of the 38th parallel; to the south, it travels west. The old Korean capital city of Kaesong, site of the armistice negotiations, originally was in pre-war South Korea, but now is part of North Korea. The United Nations Command, supported by the United States, the North Korean People's Army, and the Chinese People's Volunteers, signed the Armistice Agreement on 27 July 1953 to end the fighting. The Armistice also called upon the governments of South Korea, North Korea, China and the United States to participate in continued peace talks. The war is considered to have ended at this point, even though there was no peace treaty. North Korea nevertheless claims that it won the Korean War.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 18468, "question": "Where is the capital city of Kaesong now located?", "answer": "North Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 85523, "question": "when did #1 conduct its first nuclear test", "answer": "October 9, 2006", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "paragraph_text": "Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel ``helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War '', according to Will Kaufman.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "This Old House", "paragraph_text": "The show was inspired by a similar feature in This Old House Magazine. It takes place in ``the loft ''of a rural barn somewhere in the Boston area. The regulars on the show are O'Connor, Tom Silva, Richard Trethewey, Roger Cook and Scott Caron. Norm Abram does not appear on Ask This Old House.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" is a song by American band Warrant. It was released in April 1991 as the third single from Warrant's second album \"Cherry Pie\". The song charted at #78 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #19 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. In Australia, the single peaked at #85 on the ARIA singles chart in May 1991.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Nightbirds on Nantucket", "paragraph_text": "Nightbirds on Nantucket is a children's novel by Joan Aiken, first published in 1966. Taking place in an alternate history, the story presents the further adventures of Dido Twite, an eleven-year-old Victorian tomboy, aboard a whaling ship and in Nantucket.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin", "paragraph_text": "A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin is a book by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. It was published to document the veracity of the depiction of slavery in Stowe's anti-slavery novel \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" (1852). First published in 1853 by Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, the book also provides insights into Stowe's own views on slavery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Tea for Two Hundred", "paragraph_text": "\"Tea for Two Hundred\" was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 1949, but lost to \"The Little Orphan\", an MGM Tom and Jerry film which shared one of 7 Oscars for the Tom and Jerry series. the title of the film is a reference to the song \"Tea for Two.\" Animation from the short was later used in \"Uncle Donald's Ants\" (1952).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Prote Poker", "paragraph_text": "Prote Poker (born 1952) is a former Utshmau (chief) of the Mushuau Innu First Nation in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, who served between 2007 and 2010. He was selected by the Mushuau Innu in May 2007, replacing the incumbent Utshmau Simon Pokue. He championed an alcohol ban in the community, which was approved in 2008. He was defeated by Simeon Tshakapesh when he ran for re-election in March 2010. He and others later launched a lawsuit alleging that the election was tainted, including the use of alcohol to buy votes. Tshakapesh denied the allegations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Don't Breathe", "paragraph_text": "Rocky, Alex, and Money are three Detroit delinquents who make a living by breaking into homes secured by Alex's father's security company and selling the items they take. However, the person buying the stolen goods from Money does n't give them a fair price, not enough to fund Rocky's dream of moving to California with her little sister, Diddy, to escape their neglectful mother and her alcoholic boyfriend. Money receives a tip that a medically retired US Army Special Forces veteran living in an abandoned Detroit neighborhood has $300,000 in cash in his house, given as a settlement after a wealthy young woman, Cindy Roberts, killed his daughter in a car accident. The three stake out the house and discover that the man is in fact blind, as he was blinded from a blast during the Gulf War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "A Wrinkle in Time", "paragraph_text": "Early scenes in the novel take place in and around an unnamed village, later established in An Acceptable Time as being in Connecticut. The nearly 200 - year - old Murry farmhouse has parallels in the Austin family series of books and in L'Engle's own Connecticut home, Crosswicks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Karthago Airlines", "paragraph_text": "As of January 2011, the Karthago Airlines fleet consisted of only one aircraft, a 21-year-old Boeing 737-300, which was equipped with 148 passenger seats in an all-economy class cabin layout.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Alcohol laws of Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Another inconsistency involves the difference between legal ages for buying and selling alcoholic beverages. The legal age for purchase is 21, as in all U.S. states. However, the legal age for selling or serving alcoholic beverages in a licensed establishment is 20. In the case of packaged beer, the legal selling age is 18, as long as the person is supervised by someone who is at least 20.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Tooheys Old", "paragraph_text": "Tooheys Old is a dark ale type of beer produced in Australia by Tooheys. It has been brewed since 1869 and Tooheys began bottling it in 1970. It has 4.41% alcohol per volume while only containing 132 calories.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Tom Swift and His Wizard Camera", "paragraph_text": "Tom Swift and His Wizard Camera, or, Thrilling Adventures While Taking Moving Pictures, is Volume 14 in the original Tom Swift novel series published by Grosset & Dunlap.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Henry Ward Beecher", "paragraph_text": "Henry Ward Beecher was the son of Lyman Beecher, a Calvinist minister who became one of the best-known evangelists of his era. Several of his brothers and sisters became well-known educators and activists, most notably Harriet Beecher Stowe, who achieved worldwide fame with her abolitionist novel \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\". Henry Ward Beecher graduated from Amherst College in 1834 and Lane Theological Seminary in 1837 before serving as a minister in Indianapolis and Lawrenceburg, Indiana.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Timberline Cabin", "paragraph_text": "The Timberline Cabin in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA was built in 1925 to house workers on the Fall River Road. The National Park Service rustic style cabin was designed by the National Park Service's Landscape Engineering Division under the direction of Thomas Chalmers Vint. The cabin was later used as a patrol cabin and as a caretaker's residence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Amazing Grace", "paragraph_text": "Another verse was first recorded in Harriet Beecher Stowe's immensely influential 1852 anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. Three verses were emblematically sung by Tom in his hour of deepest crisis. He sings the sixth and fifth verses in that order, and Stowe included another verse not written by Newton that had been passed down orally in African American communities for at least 50 years. It was originally one of between 50 and 70 verses of a song titled ``Jerusalem, My Happy Home ''that first appeared in a 1790 book called A Collection of Sacred Ballads:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Give My Head Peace", "paragraph_text": "Uncle Andy (Martin Reid) - An old - fashioned traditional loyalist whose twin loves are British Ulster and Elvis Presley. He is very argumentative, and determined to take offence at even the mildest suggestion that anyone in authority is trying to oppress him. He often devises elaborate political or moneymaking schemes with the aid of Big Mervyn, but owing to their shared lack of intelligence or foresight, these inevitably fail. Andy is shot and killed by Billy in the last episode after it is revealed that Andy and Mervyn had been taking out huge loans in Billy's name, eventually leaving him penniless.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "paragraph_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" first appeared as a 40-week serial in \"The National Era\", an abolitionist periodical, starting with the June 5, 1851, issue. It was originally intended as a shorter narrative that would run for only a few weeks. Stowe expanded the story significantly, however, and it was instantly popular, such that several protests were sent to the \"Era\" office when she missed an issue. Because of the story's popularity, the publisher John P. Jewett contacted Stowe about turning the serial into a book. While Stowe questioned if anyone would read \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" in book form, she eventually consented to the request.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Gun laws in Indiana", "paragraph_text": "Firearms dealers or private individuals may not sell any firearm to someone less than 18 years old, or less than 23 years old if the buyer was ``adjudicated a delinquent child for an act that would be a felony if committed by an adult '', or to a person who is mentally incompetent or is a drug or alcohol abuser.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "George C. Howard", "paragraph_text": "George C. Howard (1818–1887) was a Nova Scotian-born American actor and showman who is credited with staging the first theatrical production of Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 67233, "question": "where does uncle tom's cabin take place", "answer": "Kentucky", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 79379, "question": "how old do you have to be to buy alcohol in #1", "answer": "21", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Muslim world", "paragraph_text": "Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century. Hormuz was an important center for this trade. There was also a dense network of trade routes in the Mediterranean, along which Muslim countries traded with each other and with European powers such as Venice, Genoa and Catalonia. The Silk Road crossing Central Asia passed through Muslim states between China and Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "RWE Supply & Trading CZ", "paragraph_text": "RWE Supply & Trading CZ is the largest natural gas trading company in the Czech Republic. It is owned by the German energy company RWE.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "In central and northern Italy and in Flanders, the rise of towns that were to a degree self-governing stimulated economic growth and created an environment for new types of trade associations. Commercial cities on the shores of the Baltic entered into agreements known as the Hanseatic League, and the Italian Maritime republics such as Venice, Genoa, and Pisa expanded their trade throughout the Mediterranean.[V] Great trading fairs were established and flourished in northern France during the period, allowing Italian and German merchants to trade with each other as well as local merchants. In the late 13th century new land and sea routes to the Far East were pioneered, famously described in The Travels of Marco Polo written by one of the traders, Marco Polo (d. 1324). Besides new trading opportunities, agricultural and technological improvements enabled an increase in crop yields, which in turn allowed the trade networks to expand. Rising trade brought new methods of dealing with money, and gold coinage was again minted in Europe, first in Italy and later in France and other countries. New forms of commercial contracts emerged, allowing risk to be shared among merchants. Accounting methods improved, partly through the use of double-entry bookkeeping; letters of credit also appeared, allowing easy transmission of money.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Founding of modern Singapore", "paragraph_text": "In 1818, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles was appointed Lieutenant Governor of the British colony at Bencoolen. Raffles believed that the British should find a way to challenge the dominance of the Dutch in the area. The trade route between China and British India passed through the Malacca Strait, and with the growing trade with China, that route would become increasingly important. However, the Dutch had tight control over the trade in the region and intended to enforce the exclusive rights of its company ships to trade, and that trade should be conducted at its entrepot Batavia. British trading ships were heavily taxed at Dutch ports, stifling British trade in the region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Calgary", "paragraph_text": "In 1875, the site became a post of the North-West Mounted Police (now the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or RCMP). The NWMP detachment was assigned to protect the western plains from US whisky traders, and to protect the fur trade. Originally named Fort Brisebois, after NWMP officer Éphrem-A. Brisebois, it was renamed Fort Calgary in 1876 by Colonel James Macleod.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "European colonisation of Southeast Asia", "paragraph_text": "The spice trade was made possible by the maritime trade route. In 1498, the Portuguese navigator, Vasco da Gama, sailed round the Cape of Good Hope and opened up a sea route from Europe to India. Bringing home samples of exotic oriental products, da Gama greatly increased European interest in the new trade route and the new trade route quickly facilitated the expansion of trade. Eventually, the Dutch wrestled control of it from the Portuguese in the 17th century, and in the 18th century, the British gained control of it from the Dutch. Nevertheless, the spice route greatly increased trading activities, deepened the economic relations between Europe and Southeast Asia and as a result, more European merchants found their way to Southeast Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", "paragraph_text": "Germany and the Soviet Union entered an intricate trade pact on February 11, 1940, that was over four times larger than the one the two countries had signed in August 1939. The trade pact helped Germany to surmount a British blockade of Germany. In the first year, Germany received one million tons of cereals, half a million tons of wheat, 900,000 tons of oil, 100,000 tons of cotton, 500,000 tons of phosphates and considerable amounts of other vital raw materials, along with the transit of one million tons of soybeans from Manchuria.[citation needed] These and other supplies were being transported through Soviet and occupied Polish territories. The Soviets were to receive a naval cruiser, the plans to the battleship Bismarck, heavy naval guns, other naval gear and thirty of Germany's latest warplanes, including the Me-109 and Me-110 fighters and Ju-88 bomber. The Soviets would also receive oil and electric equipment, locomotives, turbines, generators, diesel engines, ships, machine tools and samples of German artillery, tanks, explosives, chemical-warfare equipment and other items.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India", "paragraph_text": "The discovery of the sea route to India is the description sometimes used in Europe and among the Portuguese for the first recorded trip made directly from Europe to India via the Atlantic Ocean. It was undertaken under the command of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama during the reign of King Manuel I in 1497 - 1499. Considered by Europe to be one of the most remarkable voyages of the Age of Discovery, it consolidated the Portuguese maritime presence in Indian Ocean and that country's dominance of global trade routes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Hellweg Börde", "paragraph_text": "The Hellweg Börde (German: \"Hellwegbörde\") is a \"börde\" landscape and natural region on the southern edge of the Westphalian Lowland in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which embraces the old Hellweg trading route cities and towns of Dortmund, Unna, Werl and Soest extending to Salzkotten and from there in an ever narrower strip to its northeastern tip at Schlangen on the edge of the town of Bad Lippspringe. It is characterised by its heavy deposits of post ice age loess soils. The region can be further divided into the Werl-Unna Börde, Soest Börde and Geseke Börde.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "VAH-21", "paragraph_text": "The squadron was established on 1 September 1968, as the first squadron in the Navy with a night interdiction mission using new electronic surveillance equipment. Its mission was to interdict logistics moving over land or sea. A detachment of VAH-21 was immediately established at a Navy facility associated with Cam Ranh Air Base, South Vietnam. The detachment had been a Naval Air Test Center Project TRIM Detachment (TRIM: Trails Roads Interdiction Multi-sensor) prior to becoming a VAH-21 detachment. VAH-21 was disestablished on 16 June 1969.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Exploration of North America", "paragraph_text": "The Viking voyages did not become common knowledge in the Old World, and Europeans remained unaware of the existence of the Americas as a whole, until the first decades following the year 1492. Many expeditions were launched from European nations in search of a Northwest Passage to East Asia (or ``the Indies ''as the region was called) in order to establish a shorter trade route to China than the Silk Road, a trade route which had become desperately needed and yet exacerbated by the Fall of Constantinople. Also, the Castilian crown needed an alternative to the Portuguese controlled eastern maritime trade route around Africa to India and East Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "All Quiet on the Western Front", "paragraph_text": "All Quiet on the Western Front (German: Im Westen nichts Neues, lit. 'In the West Nothing New') is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers' extreme physical and mental stress during the war, and the detachment from civilian life felt by many of these soldiers upon returning home from the front.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Thomas Maissen", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Maissen (born 23 October 1962 in Zurich, Switzerland) is a professor of modern history at Heidelberg University and co-director of the Cluster of Excellence \"Asia and Europe in a Global Context\". As of September 2013 he is detached as director of the German Historical Institute in Paris.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Detached Mission", "paragraph_text": "The Detached Mission sometimes translated as Solo Voyage or Solo Journey (, translit. \"Odinochnoye plavanie\") and also known as The Russian Hero is a 1985 Soviet military action film, directed by Mikhail Tumanishvili. In official U.S. Navy parlance, the term \"одиночное плавание\" corresponds to \"independent steaming\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Deutsche EuroShop", "paragraph_text": "Deutsche EuroShop AG is a German-based international real estate investment company headquartered in Hamburg. It is the largest German investor in shopping centers, and the country's only publicly traded company to do so exclusively. At the end of 2010 the firm held investments in 18 properties, of which 14 were in Germany, two in Poland and one each in Austria and Hungary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Kievan Rus'", "paragraph_text": "The new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe. In the north, Novgorod served as a commercial link between the Baltic Sea and the Volga trade route to the lands of the Volga Bulgars, the Khazars, and across the Caspian Sea as far as Baghdad, providing access to markets and products from Central Asia and the Middle East. Trade from the Baltic also moved south on a network of rivers and short portages along the Dnieper known as the \"route from the Varangians to the Greeks,\" continuing to the Black Sea and on to Constantinople. Kiev was a central outpost along the Dnieper route and a hub with the east-west overland trade route between the Khazars and the Germanic lands of Central Europe. These commercial connections enriched Rus' merchants and princes, funding military forces and the construction of churches, palaces, fortifications, and further towns. Demand for luxury goods fostered production of expensive jewelry and religious wares, allowing their export, and an advanced credit and money-lending system may have also been in place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Nuyaka Mission", "paragraph_text": "The Nuyaka Mission, Oklahoma site is located in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma, approximately 15.7 miles west of the intersection of U.S. Route 75 and State Highway 56 (6th Street) in the City of Okmulgee, Oklahoma. The Nuyaka Mission is included on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma. The mission was established by Alice Mary Robertson at the request of the Creek Council, and run by the Presbyterian Church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "East India Company", "paragraph_text": "The company established a group of trading settlements centred on the Straits of Malacca called the Straits Settlements in 1826 to protect its trade route to China and to combat local piracy. The settlements were also used as penal settlements for Indian civilian and military prisoners.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Detached Mission", "paragraph_text": "\"The Detached Mission\" was filmed and released shortly after the second \"Rambo\" installment was released, and according to many observers was the Soviet Union's response to that film. According to the lead actor, , this was the last anti-American Soviet propaganda movie filmed before the Soviet leadership ordered an end to anything that might irritate the U.S. Government. In a 2006 interview, Nozhkin said,", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Mali", "paragraph_text": "In the late 14th century, the Songhai gradually gained independence from the Mali Empire and expanded, ultimately subsuming the entire eastern portion of the Mali Empire. The Songhai Empire's eventual collapse was largely the result of a Moroccan invasion in 1591, under the command of Judar Pasha. The fall of the Songhai Empire marked the end of the region's role as a trading crossroads. Following the establishment of sea routes by the European powers, the trans-Saharan trade routes lost significance.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106411, "question": "Which was the country for The Detached Mission?", "answer": "Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 23358, "question": "What was the trade route between german and #1 ?", "answer": "occupied Polish territories", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Spy in Black", "paragraph_text": "\"The Spy in Black\" was filmed at Denham Studios, with location shooting at Northchurch Common in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire and in Orkney, Scotland. The film wrapped production on 24 December 1938 and was released in the U.K. on 12 August 1939 – 22 days before the country again went to war with Germany. Its American premiere was held in New York City on 5 October of that year, and it went into general release two days later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Elizabeth Shepley Sergeant", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Shepley Sergeant (April 23, 1881, Winchester, Massachusetts – January 26, 1965, New York City) was an American journalist and writer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Las Vegas Strip", "paragraph_text": "The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of South Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County, Nevada that is known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos. The Strip is approximately 4.2 miles (6.8 km) in length, located immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester. However, the Strip is often referred to as being in Las Vegas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Water fluoridation in the United States", "paragraph_text": "As with some other countries, water fluoridation in the United States is a contentious issue. As of May 2000, 42 of the 50 largest U.S. cities had water fluoridation. On January 25, 1945, Grand Rapids, Michigan, became the first community in the United States to fluoridate its drinking water to prevent tooth decay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Abrams Creek (Virginia)", "paragraph_text": "Abrams Creek is an tributary stream of Opequon Creek in Frederick County and the independent city of Winchester in Virginia. Abrams Creek rises north of Round Hill and flows in a southeasterly direction through Winchester. From Winchester, Abrams Creek flows east into Opequon Creek. The stream was originally known as Abraham's Creek.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Borregas station", "paragraph_text": "Borregas is a light rail station operated by Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA), located in Sunnyvale, California. Borregas is served by the Mountain View–Winchester light rail line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "I'm Gonna Miss You, Girl", "paragraph_text": "\"I'm Gonna Miss You, Girl\" is a song written by Jesse Winchester, and recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey. It was released in October 1987 as the lead single from the album \"River of Time\". The song peaked at number 3 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart and at number 4 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Winchester Mystery House", "paragraph_text": "Since its construction in 1884, the property and mansion were claimed by many to be haunted by the ghosts of those killed with Winchester rifles. Under Winchester's day - to - day guidance, its ``from - the - ground - up ''construction proceeded around the clock, by some accounts, without interruption, until her death on September 5, 1922, at which time work immediately ceased. Sarah Winchester's biographer, however, says that Winchester`` routinely dismissed workers for months at a time 'to take such rest as I might''' and notes that ``this flies in the face of claims by today's Mystery House proprietors that work at the ranch was ceaseless for thirty - eight years. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Winchester Mystery House", "paragraph_text": "The Winchester Mystery House is a mansion in San Jose, California, that was once the personal residence of Sarah Winchester, the widow of firearm magnate William Wirt Winchester. Located at 525 South Winchester Blvd. in San Jose, the Queen Anne Style Victorian mansion is renowned for its size, its architectural curiosities, and its lack of any master building plan. It is a designated California historical landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is privately owned and serves as a tourist attraction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Virgin Drinks", "paragraph_text": "After thirteen years, the brand started to massively decline as rival Coca-Cola had made exclusive distribution deals in big stores and restaurants. This led to Virgin only being sold in select supermarkets and local stores. Virgin Group decided it could not compete with cola rivals. In 2007, Virgin Drinks sold over the rights of Virgin Cola to a company called Silver Spring Soft Drinks. Virgin Vodka was discontinued when Virgin Drinks failed to find a buyer. Virgin Drinks were made defunct in 2007.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Winchester", "paragraph_text": "There was a fire in the city in 1141 during the Rout of Winchester. William of Wykeham played a role in the city's restoration. As Bishop of Winchester he was responsible for much of the current structure of the cathedral, and he founded the still extant public school Winchester College. During the Middle Ages, the city was an important centre of the wool trade, before going into a slow decline. The curfew bell in the bell tower (near the clock in the picture), still sounds at 8:00 pm each evening.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink", "paragraph_text": "``I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink ''is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard. It was released in October 1980 as the second single from the album Back to the Barrooms.`` I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink'' was Merle Haggard's twenty - sixth number one country hit. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "New Haven, Connecticut", "paragraph_text": "The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the Winchester plant are now a part of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company Historic District.) After the war, population grew and doubled by the start of the 20th century, most notably due to the influx of immigrants from southern Europe, particularly Italy. Today, roughly half the populations of East Haven, West Haven, and North Haven are Italian-American. Jewish immigration to New Haven has left an enduring mark on the city. Westville was the center of Jewish life in New Haven, though today many have fanned out to suburban communities such as Woodbridge and Cheshire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Phil Cade", "paragraph_text": "Philip Cade (June 12, 1916, in Charles City, Iowa – August 28, 2001, in Winchester, Massachusetts) was an amateur race car driver from the United States. He entered one Formula One Grand Prix, the 1959 United States Grand Prix, with a privately entered Maserati 250F, but failed to start due to engine problems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Five Days of Milan", "paragraph_text": "The Five Days of Milan ( ) was a major event in the Revolutionary Year of 1848 and the start of the First Italian War of Independence. On 18 March, a rebellion arose in the city of Milan, and in five days of street fighting drove Marshal Radetzky and his Austrian soldiers from the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Bayshore/NASA station", "paragraph_text": "Bayshore/NASA is a light rail station operated by Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA), located in Mountain View, California. Bayshore/NASA is served by the Mountain View–Winchester light rail line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Bob Lyon", "paragraph_text": "Bob Lyon, an American politician, is a former Kansas State Senator from the city of Winchester. A civil engineer, Lyon is a graduate of the University of Virginia and George Washington University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Susan Winchester", "paragraph_text": "Susan Winchester, born in Chickasha, Oklahoma, earned her bachelor's and master's degrees at the University of Oklahoma. Winchester co-owned and operated American Dusting Company and Chickasha Flying Service from 1976 to 1989, after which she worked as a coordinator for Adult Training and Development at Canadian Valley Technology Center. In 1992 she started Winchester Group, an educational group that provides training and consulting to businesses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Azadirachta indica", "paragraph_text": "During Gudi Padva, which is the New Year in the state of Maharashtra, the ancient practice of drinking a small quantity of neem juice or paste on that day, before starting festivities, is found. As in many Hindu festivals and their association with some food to avoid negative side - effects of the season or change of seasons, neem juice is associated with Gudi Padva to remind people to use it during that particular month or season to pacify summer pitta.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Would I", "paragraph_text": "\"Would I\" is a song written by Mark Winchester and recorded by American country music artist Randy Travis. It was released in September 1996 as the second single from the album \"Full Circle\". The song reached number 25 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159460, "question": "In what country is the city of Winchester located?", "answer": "England", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 70782, "question": "when did all day drinking start in #1", "answer": "November 2005", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ministry of Finance (Egypt)", "paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Finance of Egypt is part of the Cabinet of Egypt. It is responsible for increasing the rate of economic growth and job creation, thus contributing to raising the standard of living of the individual and society as a whole. The current minister is Amr El-Garhy. It is located in Ministry of Finance Towers, Nasr City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Hideo Den", "paragraph_text": "Hideo Den (田 英夫 \"Den Hideo\", June 9, 1923 - November 13, 2009) was a Japanese news presenter, politician, and for 34 of the years between 1971 and 2007, a member of the House of Councillors for the Social Democratic Party. From 1978 to 1985, he was also the president of the Socialist Democratic Federation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Segundas partes también son buenas", "paragraph_text": "Segundas Partes Tambien Son Buenas (\"Sequels are also good\") is a 2002 album by Franco De Vita released on the Universal label. This was De Vita's only release for the company. On the CD, he re-recorded several of his earlier hits using different Latin music styles. The disc featured De Vita's first officially released recording of \"Vuelve,\" a song he wrote that became a major hit for Ricky Martin. One new song, \"Como Decirte No,\" was a hit on the Billboard Latin music charts for De Vita.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "PlayStation Vita", "paragraph_text": "The PlayStation Vita (officially abbreviated PS Vita or Vita) is a handheld video game console developed and released by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to the PlayStation Portable as part of the PlayStation brand of gaming devices. It was released in Japan on December 17, 2011, with releases in North America, Europe, and other worldwide regions starting on February 22, 2012. It primarily competed with the Nintendo 3DS as part of the eighth generation of video game consoles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Rufus Wainwright: Live from the Artists Den", "paragraph_text": "Rufus Wainwright: Live from the Artists Den is a live album by American-Canadian singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright, released by Artists Den Records and Universal Music Enterprises on March 3, 2014. The album was recorded at a concert on May 17, 2012 at the Church of the Ascension in Greenwich Village, New York City, which was originally filmed for the PBS program \"Live from the Artists Den\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Escape Plan (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Escape Plan is a puzzle video game released for the PlayStation Vita in 2012, as a launch title. \"Escape Plan\" is the first title from new developer Fun Bits Interactive and is produced by Chris Millar, known for his previous work on Fat Princess. In previews of the game it was noted for its sharp, black-and-white visuals, gruesome yet humorous tone and its intuitive use of the PlayStation Vita's inputs including touch and gyroscopic control.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Put It on Me (Ja Rule song)", "paragraph_text": "``Put It on Me ''Single by Ja Rule featuring Lil 'Mo and Vita from the album Rule 3: 36 Released December 12, 2000 Format CD single, cassette, 12'' single Recorded 2000 Genre East Coast hip hop, R&B Length 4: 23 Label Murder Inc. Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jeffrey Atkins, Irving Lorenzo, Taheem Crocker, Cynthia Loving Producer (s) Tru Stylze, Irv Gotti Ja Rule singles chronology`` Between Me and You ''(2000) ``Put It on Me'' (2000)`` I Cry ''(2001) ``Between Me and You'' (2000)`` Put It on Me ''(2000) ``I Cry'' (2001) Vita singles chronology`` Vita, Vita, Vita ''(2000) Vita, Vita, Vita2000 ``Put It on Me'' (2000) Put It on Me2000`` Justify My Love ''(2001) Justify My Love2001 Lil' Mo singles chronology ``I'll Trade (A Million Bucks)'' (2000) I'll Trade (A Million Bucks) 2000`` Put It on Me ''(2000) Put It on Me2000 ``Superwoman Pt. II'' (2001) Superwoman Pt. II 2001", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Protomedicato del Río de la Plata", "paragraph_text": "Protomedicato del Río de la Plata was a hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and was the institution responsible for health and medical training in the country from 1779 until the early 1820s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "United States Department of War", "paragraph_text": "The United States Department of War, also called the War Department (and occasionally War Office in the early years), was the United States Cabinet department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the United States Army, also bearing responsibility for naval affairs until the establishment of the Navy Department in 1798, and for most land - based air forces until the creation of the Department of the Air Force on September 18, 1947.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Marretje Arents", "paragraph_text": "Marretje Arents (c. 1712–28 June 1748 Amsterdam), known as \"Mat van den Nieuwendijk\", and \"het limoenwijf\" (i.e. the limewoman), was a Dutch fishwife and rebellion leader, sentenced to death as one of the three instigators and leaders responsible for the so-called Pachter riots of 1748.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Tan Sólo Tú", "paragraph_text": "\"Tan Sólo Tú\" (\"Only You\") is a Latin pop song by Venezuelan recording artist Franco De Vita from his third live album \"En Primera Fila\" (2011). Produced by David Cabrera and De Vita, the track was released as the album's first single in Latin America and the United States and it is performed as a duet with Mexican singer Alejandra Guzmán.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "John Pounds", "paragraph_text": "John Pounds (June 17, 1766 – January 1, 1839) was a teacher and altruist born in Portsmouth, and the man most responsible for the creation of the concept of Ragged schools. After Pounds' death, Thomas Guthrie (often credited with the creation of Ragged Schools) wrote his \"Plea for Ragged Schools\" and proclaimed John Pounds as the originator of this idea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Maria Dangell", "paragraph_text": "Dangell was born in a Jewish family in Tallinn, Estonia. She started to learn classical piano at the State Musical School in Tallinn at the age of seven, and eventually studied it at the Conservatoire. Her career of pianist, singer and songwriter began in early school years. She performed live on stage and in recording studios as soloist and producer of her own musical creations. She also participated in duet collaborations with Bobby Kimball (Toto) \"The Heaven of Milano\" and with Amedeo Minghi \"La Vita Mia\", broadcast by RAI Uno on 28 March 2009 and on 1 September 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Den vita duvan", "paragraph_text": "\"Den vita duvan\" is an anti-war song written by Lasse Holm and Alf Robertson. It was originally recorded by Mats Rådberg on the 1975 album \"På egen hand\". He also scored a Svensktoppen hit with the song, charting for eleven weeks between 4 May-13 July 1975, topping the chart.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Den Helder", "paragraph_text": "Den Helder is on the tip of a lowland peninsula jutting out into the North Sea Because of this, Den Helder's climate is heavily moderated by the maritime environment. Also, Den Helder is the sunniest city in the Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "South African pound", "paragraph_text": "The pound (symbol £) was the currency of the Union of South Africa from the creation of the country as a British Dominion in 1910. It was replaced by the rand in 1961, the same year that South Africa became a republic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "CMT Cross Country", "paragraph_text": "CMT Cross Country is a television show broadcast on Country Music Television and Palladia that pairs two country music artists together. Each episode of CMT Cross Country features a different set of stars playing together. It is similar in format to \"CMT Crossroads\", except that in this series, both of the two artists are predominantly known for their country music contributions, as opposed to \"Crossroads\", where one of the two artists is from outside the traditional country genre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Voyage to the Orient", "paragraph_text": "Voyage to the Orient () is one of the works of French writer and poet Gérard de Nerval, published during 1851, resulting from his voyage of 1842 to Cairo and Beirut. In addition to a travel account it retells Oriental tales, like Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, in terms of the artist and the act of creation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Den Haag Ypenburg railway station", "paragraph_text": "Den Haag Ypenburg is a railway station in the Leidschenveen-Ypenburg district of The Hague, Netherlands. It was opened on 11 December 2005. It is situated on the Gouda–Den Haag railway.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ministry of Local Government (Uganda)", "paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Local Government (MOLG), is a cabinet - level government ministry of Uganda. It is responsible for the ``creation, supervision and guidance of sustainable, efficient and effective service delivery in the decentralized system of governance. The ministry is responsible for the harmonization and support of all local government functions, to cause positive socio - economic transformation of Uganda ''. The ministry is headed by a cabinet minister, currently Tom Butime.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 142259, "question": "What artist was responsible for the creation of Den vita duvan?", "answer": "Mats Rådberg", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 102912, "question": "What country was #1 from?", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[ "SE", "se" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Roundhead", "paragraph_text": "Roundhead remained in use to describe those with republican tendencies up until the Exclusion Crisis of 1678–1681; the term was then superseded by \"Whig\", initially another term with pejorative connotations. Likewise during the Exclusion Bill crisis, the term \"Cavalier\" was replaced with \"Tory\", an Irish term introduced by their opponents, and also initially a pejorative term.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Treaty Powers Resolution", "paragraph_text": "Treaty Powers Resolution was a bill proposed by Senator Dick Clark in 1976, which attempted the limit the power of the President of the United States to make executive agreements with foreign nations. Under this bill, the Senate would have the power to reject any international agreement done by executive action, even if the agreement was not classified as a treaty by the President.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act", "paragraph_text": "The Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act (long title:An Act To Protect Heritage Lighthouses ()) is an Act of the Parliament of Canada (designated Bill S-215) for the designation and preservation of historically significant Canadian lighthouses. It was passed by the Canadian Parliament in May 2008. The act set up a public nomination process and sets heritage building conservation standards for lighthouses which are officially designated. First introduced in 2000 as Bill S-21 in the Senate of Canada the bill enjoyed consistent multi-party support despite the unpredictable legislative agendas of minority Parliaments and was repeatedly re-introduced. The final vote of approval was made by the Canadian Senate in 2008 and the bill received Royal Assent on May 29, 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Leticia Sosa", "paragraph_text": "In 2006 she was elected to serve in the Senate of Mexico for a six-year term. She left the Senate to run for Governor of the state of Colima. In 2009 She was designated the PAN candidate for the 2009 Colima state election. Sosa was defeated by the PRI candidate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "51st state", "paragraph_text": "On May 15, 2013, Resident Commissioner Pierluisi introduced H.R. 2000 to Congress to \"set forth the process for Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state of the Union,\" asking for Congress to vote on ratifying Puerto Rico as the 51st state. On February 12, 2014, Senator Martin Heinrich introduced a bill in the US Senate. The bill would require a binding referendum to be held in Puerto Rico asking whether the territory wants to be admitted as a state. In the event of a yes vote, the president would be asked to submit legislation to Congress to admit Puerto Rico as a state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Vice President of Liberia", "paragraph_text": "The Vice President of the Republic of Liberia is the second - highest executive official in Liberia, and one of only two elected executive offices along with the President. The Vice President is elected on the same ticket with the president to a six - year term. In the event of the death, resignation or removal of the president, the Vice President ascends to the presidency, which he or she holds for the remainder of their predecessor's term. The Vice President also serves as the President of the Senate and may cast a vote in the event of a tie. The current Vice President is Jewel Taylor, serving under President George Weah.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_text": "After the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official term and his re-election. Further laws attempted to relieve the burden of debt from plebeians by banning interest on loans. In 337 BC, the first plebeian praetor was elected. During these years, the tribunes and the senators grew increasingly close. The senate realised the need to use plebeian officials to accomplish desired goals. To win over the tribunes, the senators gave the tribunes a great deal of power and the tribunes began to feel obligated to the senate. As the tribunes and the senators grew closer, plebeian senators were often able to secure the tribunate for members of their own families. In time, the tribunate became a stepping stone to higher office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Joseph Sewall", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Sewall (December 17, 1921 – November 23, 2011) was an American politician and businessperson. He served four terms as President of the Maine Senate (1975–1982), which made him at that time the longest serving Senate President in Maine history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Employment Non-Discrimination Act", "paragraph_text": "In 2009, following Democratic gains in the 2008 elections, and after the divisiveness of the 2007 debate, Rep. Barney Frank introduced a transgender - inclusive version of ENDA. He introduced it again in 2011, and Sen. Jeff Merkley introduced it in the Senate. On November 7, 2013, Merkley's bill passed the Senate with bipartisan support by a vote of 64 -- 32. President Barack Obama supported the bill's passage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "DREAM Act", "paragraph_text": "On May 11, 2011, then Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid reintroduced the DREAM Act in the Senate. Some Republicans who had supported the bill in the past, including Sen. John Cornyn of Texas, Jon Kyl of Arizona, John McCain of Arizona, and Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, withheld their votes, objecting that such a bill should not be granted without increasing immigration enforcement. Reid indicated that he would consider adding a workplace enforcement measure in the DREAM Act that would require every employer to use E-Verify, the government's Internet - based work eligibility verification system. President Obama supported the bill as one of his efforts to reform the US immigration system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Deputy President of the Nigerian Senate", "paragraph_text": "Deputy Senate Presidents of Nigeria Deputy Senate President Term Party Ibrahim Mantu 1999 - 2007 PDP Ike Ekweremadu 2007 - present PDP", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "President pro tempore of the United States Senate", "paragraph_text": "President pro tempore of the United States Senate Seal of the President pro tempore Incumbent Orrin Hatch (R) since January 6, 2015 United States Senate Style Mr. President (Informal and within the Senate) The Honorable (Formal) Status Deputy presiding officer Seat United States Capitol, Washington, D.C. Appointer United States Senate Term length At the pleasure of the Senate, and until another is elected or their term of office as a Senator expires Constituting instrument United States Constitution Formation March 4, 1789 First holder John Langdon April 6, 1789 Succession Third Deputy Any senator, typically a member of the majority party, designated by the President pro tempore Website www.senate.gov", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Watergate scandal", "paragraph_text": "On February 7, 1973, the United States Senate voted 77 - to - 0 to approve Senate Resolution S. Res. 60 and establish a select committee to investigate Watergate, with Sam Ervin named chairman the next day. The hearings held by the Senate committee, in which Dean and other former administration officials testified, were broadcast from May 17 to August 7, 1973. The three major networks of the time agreed to take turns covering the hearings live, each network thus maintaining coverage of the hearings every third day, starting with ABC on May 17 and ending with NBC on August 7. An estimated 85% of Americans with television sets tuned into at least one portion of the hearings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Louis Coppersmith", "paragraph_text": "W. Louis Coppersmith (June 19, 1928 – January 15, 1989) was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, serving from 1969 to 1980. He and fellow Senator Quentin Orlando were the main sponsors of the \"Diagnostic Drug Bill.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_text": "The senate's ultimate authority derived from the esteem and prestige of the senators. This esteem and prestige was based on both precedent and custom, as well as the caliber and reputation of the senators. The senate passed decrees, which were called senatus consulta. These were officially \"advice\" from the senate to a magistrate. In practice, however, they were usually followed by the magistrates. The focus of the Roman senate was usually directed towards foreign policy. Though it technically had no official role in the management of military conflict, the senate ultimately was the force that oversaw such affairs. The power of the senate expanded over time as the power of the legislative assemblies declined, and the senate took a greater role in ordinary law-making. Its members were usually appointed by Roman Censors, who ordinarily selected newly elected magistrates for membership in the senate, making the senate a partially elected body. During times of military emergency, such as the civil wars of the 1st century BC, this practice became less prevalent, as the Roman Dictator, Triumvir or the senate itself would select its members.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Family Entertainment Protection Act", "paragraph_text": "The United States Family Entertainment Protection Act (FEPA) was a bill introduced by Senator Hillary Clinton (D-NY), and co-sponsored by Senators Joe Lieberman (D-CT), Tim Johnson (D-SD) and Evan Bayh (D-IN) on November 29, 2005. The bill called for a federal mandate enforcement of the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) ratings system for video games in order to protect children from inappropriate content.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Filibuster in the United States Senate", "paragraph_text": "A filibuster in the United States Senate is a dilatory or obstructive tactic used in the United States Senate to prevent a measure from being brought to a vote. The most common form of filibuster occurs when one or more senators attempts to delay or block a vote on a bill by extending debate on the measure. The Senate rules permit a senator, or a series of senators, to speak for as long as they wish, and on any topic they choose, unless ``three - fifths of the Senators duly chosen and sworn ''(usually 60 out of 100) bring the debate to a close by invoking cloture under Senate Rule XXII.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2018 United States Senate election in Florida", "paragraph_text": "United States Senate election in Florida, 2018 ← 2012 November 6, 2018 2024 → Nominee Bill Nelson Rick Scott Party Democratic Republican Incumbent U.S. Senator Bill Nelson Democratic", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "James Harris (quarterback)", "paragraph_text": "Harris was drafted in the eighth round of the 1969 Common Draft by the American Football League's Buffalo Bills, and would soon join fellow rookie O.J. Simpson in the starting backfield. Continuing the American Football League's more liberal (than the NFL's) personnel policies, the Bills made Harris the first black player to start a season at quarterback in the history of pro football. Harris was also just the second black player in the modern era to start in any game as quarterback for a professional football team. Wide receiver Marlin Briscoe, of the AFL's Denver Broncos, had been the first to start a game at quarterback in 1968, and a few of Harris's completions in 1969 went to Briscoe, who, by that time, had been traded to the Bills and had been converted to the position of receiver. After three years with the Bills, Harris was released by the team and signed by the Los Angeles Rams in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2018 United States Senate elections", "paragraph_text": "Elections to the United States Senate will be held November 6, 2018, with 33 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested in regular elections. The winners will serve six - year terms from January 3, 2019, to January 3, 2025. Currently, Democrats have 23 seats up for election along with 2 independents who caucus with them. Republicans have 8 seats up for election. Two of the Republican seats are open as a result of Tennessee Senator Bob Corker's and Arizona Senator Jeff Flake's pending retirements. The seats up for election in 2018 were last up for election in 2012, although some seats may have special elections if incumbents die or resign, as has already happened in Alabama and Minnesota. After the 2016 elections, some state election officials are trying to upgrade voting systems in time for this election.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 76169, "question": "do bills start in the house or senate", "answer": "House of Representatives", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 93848, "question": "what is the term of an official in #1", "answer": "Two years", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne's air quality is generally good and has improved significantly since the 1980s. Like many urban environments, the city faces significant environmental issues, many of them relating to the city's large urban footprint and urban sprawl and the demand for infrastructure and services. One such issue is water usage, drought and low rainfall. Drought in Victoria, low rainfalls and high temperatures deplete Melbourne water supplies and climate change may have a long-term impact on the water supplies of Melbourne. In response to low water supplies and low rainfall due to drought, the government implemented water restrictions and a range of other options including: water recycling schemes for the city, incentives for household water tanks, greywater systems, water consumption awareness initiatives, and other water saving and reuse initiatives; also, in June 2007, the Bracks Government announced that a $3.1 billion Wonthaggi desalination plant would be built on Victoria's south-east coast, capable of treating 150 billion litres of water per year, as well as a 70 km (43 mi) pipeline from the Goulburn area in Victoria's north to Melbourne and a new water pipeline linking Melbourne and Geelong. Both projects are being conducted under controversial Public-Private Partnerships and a multitude of independent reports have found that neither project is required to supply water to the city and that Sustainable Water Management is the best solution. In the meantime, the drought must be weathered.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mtetengwe River", "paragraph_text": "The Mtetengwe River is a tributary of the Mzingwane River in Beitbridge District, Zimbabwe. There are two dams on its tributaries: Tongwe Dam on the Tongwe River, which provides water for an irrigation scheme, and Giraffe Dam which supplies water for cattle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Water chlorination", "paragraph_text": "In a paper published in 1894, it was formally proposed to add chlorine to water to render it ``germ - free ''. Two other authorities endorsed this proposal and published it in many other papers in 1895. Early attempts at implementing water chlorination at a water treatment plant were made in 1893 in Hamburg, Germany, and in 1897 the town of Maidstone, England was the first to have its entire water supply treated with chlorine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Appleton Water Tower", "paragraph_text": "The Appleton Water Tower is a Victorian water tower located in Sandringham, Norfolk. It was constructed in 1877 to improve the quality of the water supply to the nearby Sandringham House and its estate. Accommodation was provided within the tower on the ground and first floors for the water tower custodian, whilst the second floor above the water tank provides a viewing platform. All floors are served by a spiral staircase adjoining the tower.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Water storage and supply for Melbourne is managed by Melbourne Water, which is owned by the Victorian Government. The organisation is also responsible for management of sewerage and the major water catchments in the region as well as the Wonthaggi desalination plant and North–South Pipeline. Water is stored in a series of reservoirs located within and outside the Greater Melbourne area. The largest dam, the Thomson River Dam, located in the Victorian Alps, is capable of holding around 60% of Melbourne's water capacity, while smaller dams such as the Upper Yarra Dam, Yan Yean Reservoir, and the Cardinia Reservoir carry secondary supplies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Lanka Sagar Dam", "paragraph_text": "Lanka Sagar is a water project centered on an earth-fill dam on the Kuttalair River (Krishna Godavari Basin) near Adivimallala village in Andhra Pradesh, India. The villages of Rajugudem, Chowdavaram, Pallewada, Lankasagar are located around this project. It was built in 1968. The purpose of the dam is water supply for irrigation and drinking water. The project affords the irrigation of .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Shoalhaven Scheme", "paragraph_text": "The Shoalhaven Scheme is a dual-purpose water supply and hydro-electric power generation scheme located on the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Umchabezi River", "paragraph_text": "The Umchabezi River is a tributary of the Mzingwane River in Beitbridge District and Gwanda District, Zimbabwe. The main dam on the river is Makado Dam, which supplies water for commercial irrigation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Cyprus", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus suffers from a chronic shortage of water. The country relies heavily on rain to provide household water, but in the past 30 years average yearly precipitation has decreased. Between 2001 and 2004, exceptionally heavy annual rainfall pushed water reserves up, with supply exceeding demand, allowing total storage in the island's reservoirs to rise to an all-time high by the start of 2005. However, since then demand has increased annually – a result of local population growth, foreigners moving to Cyprus and the number of visiting tourists – while supply has fallen as a result of more frequent droughts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Water in California", "paragraph_text": "Rivers of the Lahontan watersheds in eastern California are part of the high desert Great Basin and do not drain to the Pacific. Most of the water is used locally in eastern California and western Nevada for irrigation. The Owens River of the South Lahontan region, however, is a principal source of water for Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Joseph Quick (engineer)", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Quick (6 November 1809 Chelsea, London – 30 March 1894 Clapham Park) was an English civil engineer who was closely involved in improvements to water supply in the great industrial cities of the nineteenth century. Both his father and his son (author of \"The Water Supply of the Metropolis\". London and New York: 1880) were also waterworks engineers by the name Joseph Quick.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Water supply and sanitation in London", "paragraph_text": "London has well developed water supply infrastructure. Most drinking water consumed in London comes from the River Thames and the River Lee. Approximately 70% of all water supplied to London is taken from the Thames upstream of Teddington Weir.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Steam engine", "paragraph_text": "The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump to recycle or top up the boiler water, so that they may be run continuously. Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps; however, other types are used. Another means of supplying lower-pressure boiler feed water is an injector, which uses a steam jet usually supplied from the boiler. Injectors became popular in the 1850s but are no longer widely used, except in applications such as steam locomotives.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "Elsewhere, remnants of the medieval water supply system devised by the friars can still be seen today. Constructed in 1290, the system carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley) some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. The friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310 and passed on ownership of the water supply system itself in 1420. Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Drinking water supply and sanitation in Egypt is characterised by both achievements and challenges. Among the achievements are an increase of piped water supply between 1990 and 2010 from 89% to 100% in urban areas and from 39% to 93% in rural areas despite rapid population growth, the elimination of open defecation in rural areas during the same period, and in general a relatively high level of investment in infrastructure. Access to an improved water source in Egypt is now practically universal with a rate of 99%. About one half of the population is connected to sanitary sewers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Blade Runner", "paragraph_text": "In 2019 Los Angeles, former police officer Rick Deckard is detained by officer Gaff, and brought to his former supervisor, Bryant. Deckard, whose job as a \"blade runner\" was to track down bioengineered beings known as replicants and \"retire\" (kill) them, is informed that four are on Earth illegally. Deckard starts to leave, but Bryant ambiguously threatens him, and he stays. The two watch a video of a blade runner named Holden administering the \"Voigt-Kampff\" test, which is designed to distinguish replicants from humans based on their emotional response to questions. The test subject, Leon, shoots Holden on the second question. Bryant wants Deckard to retire Leon and the other three Tyrell Corporation Nexus-6 replicants: Roy Batty, Zhora, and Pris.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Plymouth", "paragraph_text": "Since 1973 Plymouth has been supplied water by South West Water. Prior to the 1973 take over it was supplied by Plymouth County Borough Corporation. Before the 19th century two leats were built in order to provide drinking water for the town. They carried water from Dartmoor to Plymouth. A watercourse, known as Plymouth or Drake's Leat, was opened on 24 April 1591 to tap the River Meavy. The Devonport Leat was constructed to carry fresh drinking water to the expanding town of Devonport and its ever growing dockyard. It was fed by three Dartmoor rivers: The West Dart, Cowsic and Blackabrook. It seems to have been carrying water since 1797, but it was officially completed in 1801. It was originally designed to carry water to Devonport town, but has since been shortened and now carries water to Burrator Reservoir, which feeds most of the water supply of Plymouth. Burrator Reservoir is located about 5 miles (8 km) north of the city and was constructed in 1898 and expanded in 1928.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Diarrhea", "paragraph_text": "Given that water contamination is a major means of transmitting diarrheal disease, efforts to provide clean water supply and improved sanitation have the potential to dramatically cut the rate of disease incidence. In fact, it has been proposed that we might expect an 88% reduction in child mortality resulting from diarrheal disease as a result of improved water sanitation and hygiene. Similarly, a meta-analysis of numerous studies on improving water supply and sanitation shows a 22–27% reduction in disease incidence, and a 21–30% reduction in mortality rate associated with diarrheal disease.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Santa Monica, California", "paragraph_text": "An urban runoff facility (SMURFF), the first of its kind in the US, catches and treats 3.5 million US gallons (13,000 m3) of water each week that would otherwise flow into the bay via storm-drains and sells it back to end-users within the city for reuse as gray-water, while bio-swales throughout the city allow rainwater to percolate into and replenish the groundwater supply. The groundwater supply in turn plays an important role in the city's Sustainable Water Master Plan, whereby Santa Monica has set a goal of attaining 100% water independence by 2020. The city has numerous programs designed to promote water conservation among residents, including a rebate of $1.50 per square foot for those who convert water intensive lawns to more local drought-tolerant gardens that require less water.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Trehörningen (Sjödalen)", "paragraph_text": "Trehörningen (Swedish: \"The Triangle\") is a small lake located in the municipality Huddinge in southern Stockholm, Sweden. As part of the Tyresån Lake System, Trehörningen receives water from Lake Gömmaren and supplies water to Lake Ågesta.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161529, "question": "Where was Deckard arrested?", "answer": "Los Angeles", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 72057, "question": "where does #1 get its water supply", "answer": "Owens River", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Samantha Jones (Sex and the City)", "paragraph_text": "In the show's last season, Samantha is diagnosed with breast cancer. She faces the challenge head - on, playing with her look by wearing outrageous wigs, hats, and headscarves after she loses her hair to chemotherapy. In one of the final episodes, she gives a speech for a cancer benefit dinner, and receives a standing ovation for removing her wig onstage and admitting that she was suffering with hot flashes. The audience appreciated her candor and honesty, and many of the women in the audience stood up and removed their own wigs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Voting age", "paragraph_text": "Before the Second World War, the voting age in almost all countries was 21 years or higher. Czechoslovakia was the first to reduce the voting age to 20 years in 1946, and by 1968 a total of 17 countries had lowered their voting age. Many countries, particularly in Western Europe, reduced their voting ages to 18 years during the 1970s, starting with the United Kingdom (1969), with the United States (26th Amendment) (1971), Canada, West Germany (1972), Australia (1974), France (1974), and others following soon afterwards. By the end of the 20th century, 18 had become by far the most common voting age. However, a few countries maintain a voting age of 20 years or higher. It was argued that young men could be drafted to go to war at 18, and many people felt they should be able to vote at the age of 18.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Sue Draheim", "paragraph_text": "Sue Draheim ( ; August 17, 1949 – April 11, 2013) was an American fiddler, boasting a more than forty year musical career in the US and the UK. Growing up in North Oakland, Draheim began her first private violin lessons at age eleven, having started public school violin instruction at age eight while attending North Oakland's Peralta Elementary School. She also attended Claremont Jr. High, and graduated from Oakland Technical High School in 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Voting age", "paragraph_text": "Before the Second World War, the voting age in almost all countries was 21 years or higher. Czechoslovakia was the first to reduce the voting age to 20 years in 1946, and by 1968 a total of 17 countries had lowered their voting age. Many countries, particularly in Western Europe, reduced their voting ages to 18 years during the 1970s, starting with the United Kingdom (1970), with the United States (26th Amendment) (1971), Canada, Germany (1972), Australia (1974), France (1974) and others following soon afterwards. By the end of the 20th century, 18 had become by far the most common voting age. However, a few countries maintain a voting age of 20 years or higher. It was argued that 18 - year - old men could be drafted to go to war, and many people felt they should be able to vote at the age of 18.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Childbirth", "paragraph_text": "In many countries, age is reckoned from the date of birth, and sometimes the birthday is celebrated annually. East Asian age reckoning starts newborns at \"1\", incrementing each Lunar New Year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Non Stop Rock'n Roll", "paragraph_text": "Non Stop Rock'n Roll is the third studio album by Norwegian glam metal band Wig Wam. The album was released on January 21, 2010, making it the first Wig Wam-album to be released worldwide on the same day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Sandrine Quétier", "paragraph_text": "Sandrine Quétier was born in Paris and spent her childhood at the Vallée de Chevreuse. She graduated at age 17 with her high school final exam before starting to study.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Education in South Korea", "paragraph_text": "Level / Grade Typical age Infant School Nursery School 0 - 3 (1 - 4) Kindergarten 4 - 6 (5 - 7) Primary School 1st Grade 7 (8) 2nd Grade 8 (9) 3rd Grade 9 (10) 4th Grade 10 (11) 5th Grade 11 (12) 6th Grade 12 (13) Middle School 7th grade 13 (14) 8th Grade 14 (15) 9th Grade 15 (16) High School 10th Grade 16 (17) 11th Grade 17 (18) 12th Grade 18 (19) Post-secondary education Tertiary education (College or University) Ages vary (usually four years, referred to as Freshman, Sophomore, Junior and Senior years) Membership Training in Korea Ages also vary as they do for Tertiary education", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Kieran Roche", "paragraph_text": "Kieran Roche (born 3 May 1979) is a rugby union footballer who plays at lock/back row for London Irish. He was educated at Trinity School in Croydon where he started playing rugby at the age of 12.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mule (band)", "paragraph_text": "Mule was an American punk blues band from Michigan, active in the early 1990s. Formed from the ashes of Wig and Laughing Hyenas, their music incorporated elements of hardcore punk, blues-rock, and alternative country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Wig", "paragraph_text": "The wearing of wigs as a symbol of social status was largely abandoned in the newly created United States and France by the start of the 19th century. In the United States, only four presidents from John Adams to James Monroe wore curly powdered wigs tied in a queue according to the old - fashioned style of the 18th century. Unlike them, the first president George Washington never wore a wig; instead, he powdered, curled and tied in a queue his own long hair.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Charlotte McShane", "paragraph_text": "She was a student at Glasgow School of Sport and in Scotland she won several national junior titles. In November 2005, her family moved to Australia and despite her young age Charlotte McShane started competing in long distance triathlons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Education in France", "paragraph_text": "Schooling in France is mandatory from age 6. Most parents start sending their children at age 3, at kindergarten classes (maternelle), which are usually affiliated to a borough's primary school. Some even start earlier at age 2 in pré - maternelle or très petite section classes, which are essentially daycare centres. The last year of kindergarten, grande section (``big form '') is an important step in the educational process, as it is the year in which pupils are introduced to reading.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Eswatini", "paragraph_text": "Education in Swaziland begins with pre-school education for infants, primary, secondary and high school education for general education and training (GET), and universities and colleges at tertiary level. Pre-school education is usually for children 5-year or younger after that the students can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country. In Swaziland early childhood care and education (ECCE) centres are in the form of preschools or neighbourhood care points (NCPs). In the country 21.6% of preschool age children have access to early childhood education.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Katsuaki Asai", "paragraph_text": "Asai started training under aikido's founder Morihei Ueshiba aged 13, at the Hombu dojo in Tokyo, and continued during his studies at Meiji University. He was sent to Germany by Kisshomaru Ueshiba in 1965 to teach aikido, and has lived in the country ever since. His first occupation was to teach aikido to policemen in Münster, and he now runs a school in Düsseldorf.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Education in the United States", "paragraph_text": "By state law, education is compulsory over an age range starting between five and eight and ending somewhere between ages sixteen and eighteen, depending on the state. This requirement can be satisfied in public schools, state - certified private schools, or an approved home school program. In most schools, compulsory education is divided into three levels: elementary school, middle or junior high school, and high school. Children are usually divided by age groups into grades, ranging from kindergarten (5 -- 6 year olds) and first grade for the youngest children, up to twelfth grade (17 -- 18 years old) as the final year of high school.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "The term \"Early Modern\" was introduced in the English language in the 1930s. to distinguish the time between what we call Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment (1800) (when the meaning of the term Modern Ages was developing its contemporary form). It is important to note that these terms stem from European history. In usage in other parts of the world, such as in Asia, and in Muslim countries, the terms are applied in a very different way, but often in the context with their contact with European culture in the Age of Discovery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Education", "paragraph_text": "Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first five to seven years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six to eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 89% of children aged six to twelve are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising. Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools or elementary schools. Primary schools are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Grażyna Miller", "paragraph_text": "Grażyna Miller, born in Jedwabne, Poland, started to write poetry in her early childhood, exactly at the age of seven. During her high school years she incessantly wrote poetry while continuing her studies. Her passions were literature and pedagogy, and soon after finishing her studies she started to teach Polish literature.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Gregorian calendar", "paragraph_text": "\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean. They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 105476, "question": "The country for The Wig was what?", "answer": "South Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 84688, "question": "what age do you start school in #1", "answer": "1 - 4", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Questa volta parliamo di uomini", "paragraph_text": "Questa volta parliamo di uomini (This Time Let's Talk about Men or Let's Talk About Men) is a 1965 Italian tragicomedy film directed by Lina Wertmüller and starring Nino Manfredi. The film was shot in black and white and in 35mm and lasted 91 minutes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Jason Pelletier", "paragraph_text": "Jason Pelletier (born April 24, 1985 in Middletown, Pennsylvania) is a retired American soccer player who last played for Harrisburg City Islanders in the United Soccer League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bryan Namoff", "paragraph_text": "Bryan Namoff (born May 28, 1979 in Carson City, Nevada) is a retired American soccer player who last played for D.C. United in Major League Soccer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Cheyne Roberts", "paragraph_text": "Weston Cheyne Roberts (born March 27, 1988 in Plant City, Florida) is a retired American soccer player and the current assistant coach of the United Soccer Leagues's Tampa Bay Rowdies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Tommy Reasoner", "paragraph_text": "Tommy Reasoner (born October 27, 1967 in Garden City, Michigan) is a retired U.S. soccer player who spent one season in Major League Soccer, two in the Western Soccer Alliance, four in the American Professional Soccer League and two in the Continental Indoor Soccer League. He was also part of the U.S. team at the 1987 FIFA World Youth Championship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Paolo DelPiccolo", "paragraph_text": "Paolo DelPiccolo (born May 28, 1991) is an American soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Louisville City FC in the United Soccer League. He is also the club's current captain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Matt Groenwald", "paragraph_text": "Matt Groenwald (born April 30, 1983 in Park Ridge, Illinois) is an American soccer player who last played right back for the Kansas City Wizards of Major League Soccer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Galveston Pirate SC", "paragraph_text": "Galveston Pirate SC is an American soccer team based in League City, Texas. Founded in 1916, the team played until the 1940s, then reemerged in the 1960s and 1970s for a period of about seven years each time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Bonuan Gueset", "paragraph_text": "Bonuan Gueset is the most populated barangay in Dagupan City, The Philippines. It accounted for about 13.6% of the Dagupan City's population. It is also one of the Barangays of which the famous Bonuan Boneless Bangus is homed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Tom Liner", "paragraph_text": "Tom Liner (born November 27, 1970, in Redwood City, California) is a former U.S. soccer goalkeeper who currently coaches the Foothill College men’s soccer team. He played two seasons in Major League Soccer with the San Jose Clash as well as in the USISL and lower Austrian divisions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Jeff Betts", "paragraph_text": "Jeff Betts (born March 8, 1970 in Charles City, Iowa) is a former U.S. soccer forward and coach who spent most of his career playing indoor soccer. He was a three time All Star and the 2000 World Indoor Soccer League Coach of the Year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Twin Cities Phoenix", "paragraph_text": "Twin Cities Phoenix, originally known as Twin Cities Tornado until 2000, were an American soccer team, founded in 1997, who were members of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2001, after which the team left the league and the franchise was terminated.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "All About My Father", "paragraph_text": "All About My Father () is a 2002 Norwegian biographical documentary film written and directed by Even Benestad. \"All About My Father\" is a personal documentary about the director's father, the famous sexologist and transvestite Esben Esther Pirelli Benestad, who lives in the southern Norwegian city of Grimstad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Qui studio a voi stadio", "paragraph_text": "Qui studio a voi stadio (known also by the acronym QSVS) is a sports talk and debate television program produced by Telelombardia and aired on various affiliated local television channels in Italy, entirely devoted to Italian Soccer, in particular the Serie A.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Rust Belt Derby", "paragraph_text": "The Rust Belt Derby is a soccer rivalry currently played between Detroit City FC and FC Buffalo (with AFC Cleveland as a former winner/participant) who play in the National Premier Soccer League, the fourth tier of American soccer. The Derby is between select NPSL teams that play in the Rust Belt region of the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Nathan Bourdeau", "paragraph_text": "Nathan \"Nate\" Bourdeau (born August 10, 1990 in Baldwinsville, NY) is a professional American soccer player who currently plays for Utica City FC in the Major Arena Soccer League and Syracuse FC of the National Premier Soccer League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "WCCS", "paragraph_text": "WCCS (1160 AM) is a commercially licensed American AM radio station, in Homer City, Pennsylvania, about 50 miles northeast of Pittsburgh, and 25 miles northwest of Johnstown, Pennsylvania. WCCS broadcasts at a frequency of 1160 kHz with a maximum daytime power output of 10,000 watts, and 1,000 watts night. The station operates with a four-tower directional antenna pattern, and programs a daily format of news talk, sports talk, and local news/sports reports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Capital City F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Capital City F.C. was a Canadian soccer team based in Ottawa, Ontario, which joined the Canadian Soccer League Canadian soccer pyramid, in March 2011. Founded by Neil Malhotra, the club pitch was Terry Fox Athletic Facility in Mooney's Bay Park. In April 2012, the club announced it would no longer field a team in future seasons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Gate City FC", "paragraph_text": "Gate City FC was an American soccer club based in Greensboro, North Carolina fielding a first team along with a reserve and alumni/veteran team in other league play. Gate City FC was established in May 2013 and played one season (2014) in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Mid-Atlantic Conference in 2014. The club was owned by local businessman Justin Cox.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "President of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Not be a secretary of state or under-secretary of state, attorney general, governor of a State, or head of the government of Mexico City, unless \"separated from the post\" (resigned or been granted permanent leave of absence) at least six months prior to the election.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 160922, "question": "What city is talked about?", "answer": "Mexico City", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 19309, "question": "What famous soccer stadium is in #1 ?", "answer": "Azteca Stadium", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Theodore Roosevelt", "paragraph_text": "Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (/ ˈroʊzəvɛlt / ROH - zə - velt; October 27, 1858 -- January 6, 1919) was an American statesman and writer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. He also served as the 25th Vice President of the United States from March to September 1901 and as the 33rd Governor of New York from 1899 to 1900. As a leader of the Republican Party during this time, he became a driving force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century. His face is depicted on Mount Rushmore, alongside those of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "51st state", "paragraph_text": "Before Alaska and Hawaii became states of the United States in 1959, the corresponding expression was ``the 49th state ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Kutch State", "paragraph_text": "On 1 November 1956, Bombay State was re-organized under the States Reorganisation Act, absorbing various territories including Kutch State, which ceased to exist. It became Kutch district in Bombay State. On 1 May 1960, Bombay State was bifurcated on linguistic lines forming Gujarat and Maharashtra states and Kutch district became a part of Gujarat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "People on Sunday", "paragraph_text": "\"People on Sunday\" is notable not only for its portrayal of daily life in Berlin shortly before Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, but also as an early work by the future Hollywood writer/director Billy Wilder before he moved to the United States to escape from Hitler's Germany.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Amalie Schoppe", "paragraph_text": "Her friends included Rosa Maria Assing, Justinus Kerner and Adelbert von Chamisso, along with the young poet Friedrich Hebbel, whom she introduced to patrons and allowed to use her study. From 1827 to 1846 she edited the Pariser Modeblätter as well writing literary articles for it. She also wrote for several other magazines and from 1831 to 1839 edited the young peoples' magazine Iduna. From 1842 to 1845 she lived in Jena, before moving back to Hamburg and finally in 1851 to the United States of America with her son, where she died aged 66 in Schenectady, New York", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Die Hippie, Die", "paragraph_text": "\"Die Hippie, Die\" is the second episode in the ninth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\". The 127th episode overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 16, 2005. In the episode, Cartman works to rid South Park from an infestation of hippies. The episode parodies the 2003 film \"The Core\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Hardcore Will Never Die, but You Will", "paragraph_text": "Hardcore Will Never Die, but You Will is the seventh studio album by Scottish post-rock band Mogwai. It was released in the United Kingdom and Europe on 14 February 2011 by Rock Action Records, and in the United States on 15 February 2011 by Sub Pop.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Clarence Ray Allen", "paragraph_text": "Allen was executed by lethal injection on January 17, 2006, the day after his 76th birthday, at California's San Quentin State Prison. He became the second - oldest inmate to be executed in the United States since 1976 (John B. Nixon of Mississippi was executed in 2005 at age 77) and, as of 2018, the last inmate executed in California. Allen was assisted in the death chamber by four correctional officers, though a media observer stated that he was clearly moving under his own power. To the surprise of everyone present, the warden indicated that he needed an additional injection of the lethal potassium in order to stop his surprisingly healthy heart. Allen wrote in his final statement, which was read immediately following the execution, ``My last words will be 'Hoka hey, it's a good day to die. Thank you very much. I love you all. Goodbye.' ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "I Just Want to Be Your Everything", "paragraph_text": "``I Just Want to Be Your Everything ''was written by Barry Gibb in Bermuda as well as`` (Love Is) Thicker Than Water'' with Andy Gibb credited as co-writer on the latter. It was recorded in October 1976; the sessions were produced mainly by Albhy Galuten and Karl Richardson and with Barry on this track and ``(Love Is) Thicker than Water ''; Galuten also played keyboards and piano. Eagles guitarist Joe Walsh contributed guitar on this song. The track is a fairly dramatic love song, with the singer declaring his unending passion and stating that without her, he would die.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Delaware (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Delaware\" is a popular song, written by Irving Gordon. The song was published in 1959 and has references to 15 states of the United States. The states were portrayed, in the form of puns, as: Della wear, New Jersey, Calla 'phone ya, how ar' ya, Missus sip, mini-soda, Ora gone, I'll ask 'er, taxes, Wiscon sin, new brass key, Arkan saw, Tenne see, Flora die and misery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Death Mills", "paragraph_text": "Death Mills (or Die Todesmühlen) is a 1945 American film directed by Billy Wilder and produced by the United States Department of War. The film was intended for German audiences to educate them about the atrocities committed by the Nazi regime. For the German version, \"Die Todesmühlen\", Hanus Burger is credited as the writer and director, while Wilder supervised the editing. Wilder is credited with directing the English-language version.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Francisco José Pinheiro", "paragraph_text": "Francisco José Pinheiro (born September 28, 1954 in Jaguaribe, Brazil), better known as Professor Pinheiro, is a Brazilian historian, writer and politician. He was deputy governor of the state of Ceará (one of Brazil's states in the northeast region), in the first term of Governor Cid Gomes. Today was elected state representative, but took over as head of the Secretary of Culture of the state of Ceará.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The legal history of cannabis in the United States began with state - level prohibition in the early 20th century, with the first major federal limitations occurring in 1937. Starting with Oregon in 1973, individual states began to liberalize cannabis laws through decriminalization. In 1996, California became the first state to legalize medical cannabis, sparking a trend that spread to a majority of states by 2016. In 2012, Colorado and Washington became the first states to legalize cannabis for recreational use.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Scream (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "On October 1, 2015, the entire first season of Scream became available to stream instantly on Netflix worldwide except in the United States. On May 13, 2016, the first season of Scream became available on Netflix in the United States. The streaming service started to broadcast the second season weekly on May 31, 2016, with a one - day delay with respect to the original United States broadcast. On September 30, 2016, the second season of Scream became available on Netflix in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Home on the Range", "paragraph_text": "``Home on the Range ''is a classic western folk song sometimes called the`` unofficial anthem'' of the American West. The lyrics were originally written by Dr. Brewster M. Higley of Smith County, Kansas, in a poem entitled ``My Western Home ''in 1872. In 1947, it became the state song of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 western songs of all time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Dickinson, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Dickinson is an unincorporated community in Clarke County, Alabama, United States. Dickinson is the hometown of Tom Franklin, a crime fiction writer. Dickinson also has the highest percentage of Cubans in the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Nobody Wanted to Die", "paragraph_text": "Nobody Wanted to Die (, ) is a 1966 Lithuanian film made in Soviet Lithuania and directed by Vytautas Žalakevičius. Žalakevičius, actor Donatas Banionis, and cinematographer Jonas Gricius were awarded USSR State Prize for the film in 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Domício da Gama", "paragraph_text": "Domício da Gama (October 23, 1862 – November 8, 1925) was a journalist, diplomat and writer from Brazil. He was Brazil's ambassador to the United States from 1911 to 1918. In 1918 he became Brazil's minister for Foreign Affairs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Tears of the Sun", "paragraph_text": "Willis produced \"Tears of the Sun\" through Cheyenne Enterprises, his production company, and took the title from an early sub–title for \"Live Free or Die Hard\", the fourth film in the \"Die Hard\" series. He filmed the sequel on the condition that he could use its sub-title for his SEALs war film. The cast of \"Tears of the Sun\" includes actual African refugees living in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)", "paragraph_text": "In the 1985 film Clue, Tim Curry states he is quoting Sir Alfred Lloyd Tennyson when he says ``Ours is not to question why, ours is to do and die. ''", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 157791, "question": "In what state did the writer die?", "answer": "New York", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 69825, "question": "when did #1 state became a state", "answer": "July 26, 1788", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Genesee River", "paragraph_text": "The Genesee River is a tributary of Lake Ontario flowing northward through the Twin Tiers of Pennsylvania and New York in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "New Pine Creek, Oregon", "paragraph_text": "New Pine Creek is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Lake County, Oregon, United States. Although it is unincorporated, it has a post office with a ZIP code of 97635. New Pine Creek lies on U.S. Route 395 at the Oregon–California border, just north of New Pine Creek, California, and east of Goose Lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Pike Lake Unit, Kettle Moraine State Forest", "paragraph_text": "The Pike Lake Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest is a unit of the Wisconsin state park system. The unit is located just east of Hartford, Wisconsin on State Highway 60, on the east shore of the Pike Lake. It was dedicated by Wisconsin governor Patrick J. Lucey in June 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Lake George (Michigan–Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "Lake George is a lake in Chippewa County, Michigan, United States, and Algoma District, Northwestern Ontario, Canada, that lies between Sugar Island in Michigan on the west and the Ontario mainland on the east.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes (French: les Grands - Lacs), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada -- United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. They consist of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron (or Michigan -- Huron), Erie, and Ontario.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Murphy Lake (Washington County, Wisconsin)", "paragraph_text": "Murphy Lake is a lake in Washington County, Wisconsin, United States. Murphy Lake lies at an elevation of 974 feet (297 m).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Murphy Lake (Grand County, Colorado)", "paragraph_text": "Murphy Lake is a lake in Grand County, Colorado, United States. Murphy Lake lies at an elevation of 11,224 feet (3,421 m).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Summit Lake (Goudreau, Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "Summit Lake is a lake in the Michipicoten River system in the Lake Superior drainage basin located at Goudreau in the Unorganized North Part of Algoma District, Ontario, Canada. It is about long and wide, lies at an elevation of . The primary inflow is McVeigh Creek from Spring Lake, and the primary outflow is McVeigh Creek to Philip Lake, which flows via the Hawk River and Michipicoten River into Lake Superior. The Algoma Central Railway runs along the east shore of the lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ronan, Montana", "paragraph_text": "Ronan (Salish: ocqʔetkʷ) is a city in Lake County, Montana, United States. It lies on the Flathead Indian Reservation about 12 miles south of Flathead Lake in the northwestern part of the state. The population was 1,871 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Pigeon River (Minnesota–Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "The Pigeon River forms part of the Canada–United States border between the state of Minnesota and the province of Ontario, west of Lake Superior. In pre-industrial times the river was a waterway of great importance for transportation and the fur trade.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Murphy Lake (Kaufman County, Texas)", "paragraph_text": "Murphy Lake is a reservoir in Kaufman County, Texas, United States. Murphy Lake lies at an elevation of 374 feet (114 m).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Crystal Downs Country Club, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Crystal Downs Country Club is a private country club and lakefront community in Lake Township, Benzie County, near Frankfort, Michigan, in the United States. Designed by golf course architects Alister MacKenzie and Perry Maxwell in 1929, the par-70, course offers views of Lake Michigan and Crystal Lake. The Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore lies just to its east.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "Though the five lakes reside in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water, within the Great Lakes Basin. The lakes form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan, southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. There are also several thousand smaller lakes, often called ``inland lakes, ''within the basin. The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom, while the surface area of the entire basin (the lakes and the land they drain) is about the size of the UK and France combined. Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada. The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes: Ontario does not border Lake Michigan, and Michigan does not border Lake Ontario. New York and Wisconsin's jurisdictions extend into two lakes, and the remaining states into one of the lakes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Lake Ontario", "paragraph_text": "Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is surrounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the American state of New York, whose water boundaries meet in the middle of the lake. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was named for the lake. Many of Ontario's most populous cities, including Toronto, Canada's most populous city, and Hamilton, are on the lake's northern or western shores. In the Huron language, the name Ontarí'io means \"Lake of Shining Waters\". Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. It is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "High Cliff State Park", "paragraph_text": "High Cliff State Park is a Wisconsin state park near Sherwood, Wisconsin. It is the only state-owned recreation area located on Lake Winnebago. The park got its name from cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment, a land formation east of the shore of Lake Winnebago that stretches north through northeast Wisconsin, Upper Michigan, and Ontario to Niagara Falls and New York State.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Conneaut Creek", "paragraph_text": "Conneaut Creek is a tributary of Lake Erie in northwestern Pennsylvania and northeastern Ohio in the United States. Via Lake Erie, the Niagara River and Lake Ontario, it is part of the watershed of the St. Lawrence River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Georgian Bay", "paragraph_text": "Georgian Bay (French: Baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron, located entirely within Ontario, Canada. The main body of the bay lies east of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island. To its northwest is the North Channel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Crawford Lake (Sudbury District)", "paragraph_text": "Crawford Lake is a lake in the Moose River drainage basin in Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada. It is about long and wide, and lies at an elevation of about south of Ontario Highway 101 and west of Ontario Highway 144.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Chikaming Township, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Chikaming Township is a civil township of Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 3,100. The township is located in the west central portion of the county. Lake Michigan lies to the northwest, Lake Township is to the north and northeast, Weesaw Township is to the east, Three Oaks Township is to the south, and New Buffalo Township is to the southwest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Elizabeth Lake (Glacier County, Montana)", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U. S. state of Montana. Elizabeth Lake lies along the Belly River and is more than downstream from Helen Lake.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161709, "question": "What state lies to the east of Lake Ontario?", "answer": "New York", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 69825, "question": "when did #1 state became a state", "answer": "July 26, 1788", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Children's of Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Children's of Alabama is a pediatric health system in Birmingham, Alabama. The system's main hospital is located on the city's Southside, with additional outpatient facilities and primary care centers throughout central Alabama. The addition of the Benjamin Russell Hospital for Children to the main campus created the 'Russell campus', and makes it the third largest children's hospital in the United States. It is home to the University of Alabama at Birmingham's pediatric residency program, giving it some traits of a teaching hospital. The hospital was founded in 1911.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Focke-Wulf Fw 42", "paragraph_text": "The Focke-Wulf Fw 42 was a design for a twin-engined medium bomber, of canard configuration, that was designed by Focke-Wulf Flugzeugbau AG in Germany in the early 1930s. Several air forces expressed interest in the aircraft. However, despite its advanced design being proven sound in wind tunnel testing, the Fw 42 failed to win a contract for development, and no examples of the type were ever built.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Plymouth Municipal Airport (New Hampshire)", "paragraph_text": "Plymouth Municipal Airport is a public airport located in Plymouth, New Hampshire, three miles (5 km) north-west of the central business district of Plymouth, in Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA. The airport is equipped with an AWOS III-PT which provides meteorological information to pilots and other interested parties. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a local general aviation facility.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Business Instructional Facility", "paragraph_text": "The Business Instructional Facility architecture can be described as \"adding a sympathetic and fresh flavor to the campus's rich fabric of Georgian architecture while including sustainable features.\" According to worldarchitecturenews.com, the geometry of the Business Instructional Facility is defined by \"three perimeter bar buildings\" composed of native brick and natural stone forming a 'U'-shape. The opening of the 'U' faces south which encompasses the landscaped courtyard. The commons, located at the base of the 'U', is adorned with wood finishes and is flooded with natural light provided by the glass curtain wall facing the courtyard. The commons \"provides grandness and warmth\" to the Business Instructional Facility. Furthermore, Craig Copeland, a senior associate of Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects, characterized the daylight provided by the glass curtain wall as \"a part of the architectural expression\" of the Business Instructional Facility.\" Rafael Pelli described the commons as \"the central space, not only physically central, but it's central to the functioning and the use of the space.\" César Pelli, a renowned Argentinian architect and partner of Pelli Clark Pelli Architects, described the Business Instructional Facility as \"a family of its own character, its own quality.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Road map", "paragraph_text": "A road map or route map is a map that primarily displays roads and transport links rather than natural geographical information. It is a type of navigational map that commonly includes political boundaries and labels, making it also a type of political map. In addition to roads and boundaries, road maps often include points of interest, such as prominent businesses or buildings, tourism sites, parks and recreational facilities, hotels and restaurants, as well as airports and train stations. A road map may also document non-automotive transit routes, although often these are found only on transit maps.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Peter Armbruster", "paragraph_text": "Peter Armbruster (born 25 July 1931 in Dachau, Bavaria) is a physicist at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) facility in Darmstadt, Germany, and is credited with co-discovering elements 107 (bohrium), 108 (hassium), 109 (meitnerium), 110 (darmstadtium), 111 (roentgenium), and 112 (copernicium) with research partner Gottfried Münzenberg.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Baumwollspinnerei Hammerstein", "paragraph_text": "The Baumwollspinnerei Hammerstein was a cotton mill which had accompanying weaving sheds, located in the area now known as Wuppertal, Germany. It was the largest of its type in Bergisches Land and was owned by the Jung family between 1835 and 1869, when it also included a textile school.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gloria Laycock", "paragraph_text": "Gloria Laycock was the founding Director of the Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science at University College London (UCL), and ran UCL's Centre for Security & Crime Science. She is an internationally renowned expert in crime prevention, and especially situational approaches which seek to design out situations which provoke crime.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sony Music", "paragraph_text": "In March 2010, Sony Corp has partnered with The Michael Jackson Company with a contract of more than $250 million, the largest deal in recorded music history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Carlo Weber", "paragraph_text": "Carlo Weber (born 6 April 1934 in Saarbrücken, Germany, died 15 May 2014) was a German architect and professor, the founder and senior partner of Auer+Weber+Assoziierte.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "UCL Jill Dando Institute", "paragraph_text": "The UCL Jill Dando Institute of Security and Crime Science (informally the Jill Dando Institute or the JDI) is an institute of crime science located in London, United Kingdom and a part of University College London (UCL). It was founded in 2001, becoming the first university institute in the world devoted specifically to crime science.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kelowna General Hospital", "paragraph_text": "Kelowna General Hospital (KGH) is a large medical facility located in Kelowna, British Columbia operated by Interior Health and offers medical care in the Central Okanagan. In British Columbia, Kelowna General is the only hospital outside the Lower Mainland or Vancouver Island that performs angioplasty or cardiac surgery. It is one of the largest hospitals in Western Canada with more than 700 beds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Shahrar Ali", "paragraph_text": "Shahrar Ali has degrees in biochemical engineering (BEng) and philosophy (BA, MPhil, PhD) from the University of London. His 1997 MPhil thesis was on \"Practical reason with reference to the Human conception\", and his 2004 PhD thesis (UCL) was entitled \"Making as if to stand behind one's words: a theory of intentional deception and lying\". His research interests are in moral and applied philosophy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mark Gillett", "paragraph_text": "Mark Gillett is a British executive, product manager and technologist. He is a partner, managing director and the senior operating partner at Silver Lake Partners, one of the largest global technology investment funds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "With 120,000 students in London, the federal University of London is the largest contact teaching university in the UK. It includes four large multi-faculty universities – King's College London, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway and UCL – and a number of smaller and more specialised institutions including Birkbeck, the Courtauld Institute of Art, Goldsmiths, Guildhall School of Music and Drama, the Institute of Education, the London Business School, the London School of Economics, the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the Royal Academy of Music, the Central School of Speech and Drama, the Royal Veterinary College and the School of Oriental and African Studies. Members of the University of London have their own admissions procedures, and some award their own degrees.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "List of largest power stations", "paragraph_text": "At present, the largest power generating facility ever built is the Three Gorges Dam in China. The facility generates power by utilizing 32 Francis turbines each having a capacity of 700 MW and two 50 MW turbines, totalling the installed capacity to 22,500 MW, more than twice the installed capacity of the largest nuclear power station, the Kashiwazaki - Kariwa (Japan) at 7,965 MW. As of 2017 no power station comparable to Three Gorges is under construction, as the largest under construction power stations are hydroelectric Baihetan Dam (16,000 MW) and Belo Monte Dam (11,233 MW).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Bureau of Engraving and Printing", "paragraph_text": "The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) is a government agency within the United States Department of the Treasury that designs and produces a variety of security products for the United States government, most notable of which is Federal Reserve Notes (paper money) for the Federal Reserve, the nation's central bank. In addition to paper currency, the BEP produces Treasury securities; military commissions and award certificates; invitations and admission cards; and many different types of identification cards, forms, and other special security documents for a variety of government agencies. The BEP does not produce coins; all coinage is produced by the United States Mint. With production facilities in Washington, DC, and Fort Worth, Texas, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing is the largest producer of government security documents in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Cat and Mouse in Partnership", "paragraph_text": "\"Cat and Mouse in Partnership\" (German: Katze und Maus in Gessellschaft) is a Brothers Grimm fairy tale. It is Aarne-Thompson type 15, Stealing the Partner's Butter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Inco Superstack", "paragraph_text": "The Inco Superstack in Sudbury, Ontario, with a height of , is the tallest chimney in Canada and the Western hemisphere, and the second tallest freestanding chimney in the world after the GRES-2 Power Station in Kazakhstan. It is also the second tallest freestanding structure of any type in Canada, behind the CN Tower but ahead of First Canadian Place. It is the 40th tallest freestanding structure in the world. The Superstack is located on top of the largest nickel smelting operation in the world at Vale Inco's Copper Cliff processing facility in the city of Greater Sudbury.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Consulate General of Germany, Bangalore", "paragraph_text": "The Consulate General of the Federal Republic of Germany in Bangalore represents the interests of the Government of Germany in the Indian states of Karnataka and Kerala. It was opened on 21 November 2008 in a temporary office in the central business district (CBD) of Bangalore. On 22 June 2012, the Consulate moved to its permanent premises in the corner of St. Mark's Road and Residency Road near the Bishop Cotton Girls' School. Margit Hellwig - Bötte is the current Consul General.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 42187, "question": "What was Germany's central interest?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 26397, "question": "UCL Partners is the largest type of what facility in #1 ?", "answer": "academic health science centres", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Wards River", "paragraph_text": "Wards River rises within Kyle Range of the Great Dividing Range, near Waukivory, south southeast of Gloucester, and flows generally west and south, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with Mammy Johnsons River at the locale of Johnsons Creek, north of Stroud. The river descends over its course.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "River Rouge, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "River Rouge is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan and an industrial Downriver suburb of Detroit. The population was 7,903 at the 2010 census. It is named after the River Rouge (from the French \"rouge\" meaning red), which flows along the city's northern border and into the Detroit River. The city includes the heavily industrialized Zug Island at the mouth of the River Rouge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "The River's Edge", "paragraph_text": "The River's Edge is a 1957 film noir adventure, crime, and drama DeLuxe CinemaScope film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Ray Milland, Anthony Quinn and Debra Paget. The picture is based on the unpublished short story \"The Higher Mountain\" by Harold Jacob Smith. Location filming was done in Amecameca and Iztaccihuatl in Mexico. The supporting cast features Harry Carey, Jr. and Chubby Johnson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "Interstate 95 runs through the city along the Delaware River as a main north-south artery known as the Delaware Expressway. The city is also served by the Schuylkill Expressway, a portion of Interstate 76 that runs along the Schuylkill River. It meets the Pennsylvania Turnpike at King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, providing access to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and points west. Interstate 676, the Vine Street Expressway, was completed in 1991 after years of planning. A link between I-95 and I-76, it runs below street level through Center City, connecting to the Ben Franklin Bridge at its eastern end.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "Detroit (/dᵻˈtrɔɪt/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Dan Johnson (baseball)", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Ryan \"Dan\" Johnson (born August 10, 1979) is an American professional baseball pitcher and designated hitter who is currently a free agent. He has played most of his ten seasons in Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball as a first baseman and pitcher, but has never held a Major League starting job for an entire season. He is perhaps best known for hitting a dramatic two-out, two-strike home run for the Tampa Bay Rays in the bottom of the ninth inning of the last game of the 2011 season, also known as Wild Card Wednesday. That home run tied the game, which the Rays eventually won, sending them to the playoffs. His clutch hitting for the Rays, along with his red hair and beard, earned him the nickname \"The Great Pumpkin\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as \"Central Sudan\". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sarajevo", "paragraph_text": "The Miljacka river is one of the city's chief geographic features. It flows through the city from east through the center of Sarajevo to west part of city where eventually meets up with the Bosna river. Miljacka river is \"The Sarajevo River\", with its source (Vrelo Miljacke) 2 kilometres (1.2 miles) south of the town of Pale at the foothills of Mount Jahorina, several kilometers to the east of Sarajevo center. The Bosna's source, Vrelo Bosne near Ilidža (west Sarajevo), is another notable natural landmark and a popular destination for Sarajevans and other tourists. Several smaller rivers and streams such as Koševski Potok also run through the city and its vicinity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Danny Clyburn", "paragraph_text": "Danny Clyburn Jr. (April 6, 1974 – February 7, 2012) was an outfielder for the Baltimore Orioles and Tampa Bay Devil Rays. He was traded from Baltimore to Tampa Bay prior to the season for pitcher Jason Johnson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Clarksville, Arkansas", "paragraph_text": "Clarksville is a city in Johnson County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 9,178, up from 7,719 in 2000. As of 2016, the estimated population was 9,524. The city is the county seat of Johnson County. It is nestled between the Arkansas River and the foothills of the Ozark Mountains, and Interstate 40 and US Highway 64 intersect within the city limits. Clarksville-Johnson County is widely known for its peaches, scenic byways and abundance of natural outdoor recreational activities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Amsterdam RAI station", "paragraph_text": "Amsterdam RAI (Dutch: \"Rijwiel en Automobiel Industrie\") is a railway station situated in southern Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is located between the two directions of the A10 Amsterdam ring road. It is also a metro station at which GVB runs two lines. RAI gets its name from the nearby Amsterdam RAI Exhibition and Convention Centre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kosciusko, Mississippi", "paragraph_text": "Kosciusko is a city in Attala County, Mississippi, United States, and is the birthplace of James Meredith and Oprah Winfrey. The population was 7,402 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Attala County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Duck Creek (Quad Cities)", "paragraph_text": "Duck Creek is a minor tributary of the Mississippi River in the United States. The creek runs through Scott County, Iowa, and the cities of Davenport, Bettendorf, and Riverdale.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Gambia River", "paragraph_text": "The Gambia River (formerly known as the River Gambra) is a major river in West Africa, running from the Fouta Djallon plateau in north Guinea westward through Senegal and the Gambia to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Banjul. It is navigable for about half that length.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Pendleton, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Pendleton is an unincorporated community in Bell County, Texas, United States. Although it is unincorporated, Pendleton has a post office, with the ZIP code of 76564. The community was the birthplace of acclaimed blues musician Blind Willie Johnson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Charles Ives House", "paragraph_text": "The Charles Ives House, also known as Charles Ives Birthplace, is located on Mountainville Avenue in Danbury, Connecticut, United States. It is a wooden frame structure built in 1780 and expanded on since. Over the course of the 19th century it was the residence of several generations of Iveses, a family important in the city's history. In 1874 it was the birthplace of Charles Ives, who became an internationally recognized composer in the early 20th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ray Johnson", "paragraph_text": "Born in Detroit, Michigan, on October 16, 1927, Ray Johnson grew up in a working-class neighborhood and attended Cass Technical High School where he was enrolled in the advertising art program. He took weekly classes at the Detroit Art Institute and spent a summer drawing at Ox-Bow School in Saugatuck, Michigan, affiliated with the Art Institute of Chicago.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ga'aton River", "paragraph_text": "The Ga'aton River (, Nehar HaGa'aton) is a small river in the Northern District of Israel. It passes through the town of Nahariya before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. The river runs through the main street of Nahariya, a city that takes its name from the river (\"nahar\" means river in Hebrew).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Baryulgil, New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "Baryulgil is a rural locality in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. The locality is on the Clarence River in the Clarence Valley Council local government area. It is the birthplace of Australian cricketer Jack Marsh and former boxer Tony Mundine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Lithia Springs Creek", "paragraph_text": "Lithia Springs Creek (also known as Johnsons Run or Lithia Spring Creek) is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Point Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of . It has a named tributary known as Johnson Creek. Waste of various types is discharged into Lithia Springs Creek from a variety of sources. At least one bridge more than long crosses the creek. The creek is considered to be a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. It is inhabited by wild trout and possibly a few other species of fish.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 145403, "question": "Which city was the birthplace of Ray Johnson?", "answer": "Detroit", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 26004, "question": "What is the name of the river that runs through #1 ?", "answer": "Detroit River", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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